Merge branch 'neutral-ble-client' into radon-eye-single-node

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

.claude/settings.json

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+{
+  "hooks": {
+    "SessionStart": [
+      {
+        "hooks": [
+          {
+            "type": "command",
+            "command": "d=\"${CLAUDE_PROJECT_DIR:-.}\"; [ -x \"$d/venv/bin/python\" ] || { mkdir -p \"$d/.temp\"; env -u VIRTUAL_ENV \"$d/script/setup\" >\"$d/.temp/setup.log\" 2>&1 || echo '{\"systemMessage\":\"script/setup failed; see .temp/setup.log\"}'; }",
+            "statusMessage": "Setting up dev environment (script/setup)...",
+            "timeout": 900
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}

.github/actions/cache-clang-tidy-idedata/action.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+name: Cache clang-tidy idedata
+description: >
+  Cache the clang-tidy idedata and the headers it references under .temp
+  (headers only, about 30MB per env). Run after restore-python and cache-esp-idf.
+inputs:
+  environment:
+    description: 'clang-tidy environment (e.g. esp32-idf-tidy).'
+    required: true
+runs:
+  using: composite
+  steps:
+    - name: Compute cache key
+      id: key
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        . venv/bin/activate
+        [ -n "${{ inputs.environment }}" ] || { echo "::error::cache-clang-tidy-idedata: 'environment' input is empty"; exit 1; }
+        hash=$(python -c 'import sys; sys.path.insert(0, "script"); from clang_tidy_hash import idedata_cache_hash; print(idedata_cache_hash("${{ inputs.environment }}"))')
+        pyver=$(python -c 'import platform; print(platform.python_version())')
+        # Generating idedata is what installs ESP-IDF; never skip it over a missing
+        # install. This also skips the save, so a dev run that installs ESP-IDF
+        # warms the idedata cache on the next run.
+        if [ -d ~/.esphome-idf/frameworks ]; then
+          echo "skip=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+        else
+          echo "ESP-IDF install missing, not using the clang-tidy idedata cache"
+          echo "skip=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+        fi
+        echo "key=${{ runner.os }}-tidy-idedata-${{ inputs.environment }}-$hash-py$pyver" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+        {
+          echo "path<<EOF"
+          printf '%s\n' '.temp/idedata-*.json' '.temp/idedata-*.hash'
+          printf '.temp/**/*.%s\n' h hpp hh hxx inc inl ipp tpp
+          echo "EOF"
+        } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+    # Mirror cache-esp-idf: write on dev, restore-only on PRs. The post-step
+    # save only runs when the job succeeded, so a failed generation is never saved.
+    # Extend the extension list if a component ships extensionless headers.
+    - name: Cache clang-tidy idedata (write on dev)
+      if: (github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev' || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'ci-cache-write')) && steps.key.outputs.skip != 'true'
+      uses: actions/cache@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9 # v6.1.0
+      with:
+        path: ${{ steps.key.outputs.path }}
+        key: ${{ steps.key.outputs.key }}
+    - name: Cache clang-tidy idedata (restore-only off dev)
+      if: github.ref != 'refs/heads/dev' && !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'ci-cache-write') && steps.key.outputs.skip != 'true'
+      uses: actions/cache/restore@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9 # v6.1.0
+      with:
+        path: ${{ steps.key.outputs.path }}
+        key: ${{ steps.key.outputs.key }}

.github/actions/cache-esp-idf/action.yml

@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ runs:
       # The native-IDF version is pinned in code, not in any file that feeds the
       # other cache keys, so resolve it explicitly. Keying on it means the cache
       # invalidates on a version bump (actions/cache never overwrites a key).
+      # Also key on the Python version: the cached IDF venv links to the
+      # runner's toolcache interpreter and is reinstalled every run after a
+      # runner image bump.
       id: version
       shell: bash
       run: |
@@ -36,19 +39,32 @@ runs:
           version=$(python -c 'from esphome.components.esp32 import ESP_IDF_FRAMEWORK_VERSION_LOOKUP as L; print(L["recommended"])')
         fi
         echo "version=$version" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+        echo "python-version=$(python -c 'import platform; print(platform.python_version())')" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
     # Mirror the adjacent PlatformIO cache: only dev-branch runs write the
     # shared cache (so it lives in the default-branch scope readable by all
     # PRs), and PRs are restore-only -- they never push multi-GB artifacts into
-    # their own scope / the repo quota (e.g. on a version-bump PR).
+    # their own scope / the repo quota (e.g. on a version-bump PR). The
+    # ci-cache-write label lets a PR write into its own scope to test the hit path;
+    # that costs about 1GB of the repo cache quota per run, so remove it when done.
+    # -slim: bump when prune-esp-idf changes what it removes; a key is never overwritten.
     - name: Cache ESP-IDF install (write on dev)
-      if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev' && inputs.restore-only != 'true'
+      if: (github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev' || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'ci-cache-write')) && inputs.restore-only != 'true'
       uses: actions/cache@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
       with:
         path: ~/.esphome-idf
-        key: ${{ runner.os }}-esphome-idf-${{ steps.version.outputs.version }}
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-esphome-idf-${{ steps.version.outputs.version }}-py${{ steps.version.outputs.python-version }}-slim
     - name: Cache ESP-IDF install (restore-only off dev)
-      if: github.ref != 'refs/heads/dev' || inputs.restore-only == 'true'
+      if: github.ref != 'refs/heads/dev' && !contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'ci-cache-write') || inputs.restore-only == 'true'
       uses: actions/cache/restore@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
       with:
         path: ~/.esphome-idf
-        key: ${{ runner.os }}-esphome-idf-${{ steps.version.outputs.version }}
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-esphome-idf-${{ steps.version.outputs.version }}-py${{ steps.version.outputs.python-version }}-slim
+    # Install explicitly so the prune below sees the toolchains on a cache miss
+    # too, instead of the install happening inside the first build step.
+    - name: Install ESP-IDF
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        . venv/bin/activate
+        python -c 'from esphome.espidf.framework import check_esp_idf_install; check_esp_idf_install("${{ steps.version.outputs.version }}")'
+    - name: Prune ESP-IDF install
+      uses: ./.github/actions/prune-esp-idf

.github/actions/prune-esp-idf/action.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+name: Prune ESP-IDF install
+description: >
+  Remove the picolibc sysroots (1.1GB of the 3.9GB install) from the native
+  ESP-IDF toolchains; IDF 5.x links newlib. Skipped when an IDF 6 install is
+  present, which links picolibc (see esp32/__init__.py).
+runs:
+  using: composite
+  steps:
+    - name: Prune picolibc
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        shopt -s nullglob
+        prefix="${ESPHOME_ESP_IDF_PREFIX:-$HOME/.esphome-idf}"
+        prefix="${prefix/#\~/$HOME}"
+        for fw in "$prefix"/frameworks/*/; do
+          case "$(basename "$fw")" in
+            [6-9].*) echo "IDF $(basename "$fw") installed, keeping picolibc"; exit 0 ;;
+          esac
+        done
+        n=0
+        for dir in "$prefix"/tools/*-esp-elf/*/*-esp-elf/picolibc; do
+          echo "Removing $dir ($(du -sh "$dir" | cut -f1))"
+          rm -rf "$dir"
+          n=$((n + 1))
+        done
+        # The marker rides along in the cache entry so a restored slim tree stays quiet.
+        if [ "$n" -gt 0 ]; then
+          touch "$prefix/.picolibc-pruned"
+        elif [ -d "$prefix/tools" ] && [ ! -f "$prefix/.picolibc-pruned" ]; then
+          echo "::warning::no picolibc sysroots matched under $prefix/tools"
+        fi
+        if [ -d "$prefix" ]; then
+          du -sh "$prefix"
+        fi

.github/workflows/ci-docker.yml

@@ -119,16 +119,22 @@ jobs:
       # pushed image) keeps it working for fork PRs, which never push to ghcr.io.
       - name: Export image for compile-test
         if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-24.04' && matrix.build_type == 'docker'
-        run: docker save "ghcr.io/esphome/esphome-amd64:${{ steps.tag.outputs.tag }}" | gzip > compile-test-image.tar.gz
+        # zstd over gzip: docker save is on the critical path for every
+        # compile-test job, and zstd -T0 is multithreaded (export 50s -> 9s).
+        # docker load auto-detects the format; its time is layer extraction,
+        # not decompression, so it is unchanged. shell: bash adds pipefail so
+        # a failed docker save cannot upload a truncated artifact.
+        shell: bash
+        run: docker save "ghcr.io/esphome/esphome-amd64:${{ steps.tag.outputs.tag }}" | zstd -T0 -3 > compile-test-image.tar.zst
 
       - name: Upload compile-test image artifact
         if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-24.04' && matrix.build_type == 'docker'
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
         with:
-          # The tar is already gzipped, so upload it as-is. archive: false skips
-          # the redundant zip and makes the file name the artifact name (the
-          # `name` input is ignored in that mode).
-          path: compile-test-image.tar.gz
+          # The tar is already compressed, so upload it as-is. archive: false
+          # skips the redundant zip and makes the file name the artifact name
+          # (the `name` input is ignored in that mode).
+          path: compile-test-image.tar.zst
           retention-days: 1
           archive: false
 
@@ -182,8 +188,6 @@ jobs:
       contents: read  # actions/checkout to load the test configs
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      # Modest cap so this smoke test leaves room on the shared runner pool.
-      max-parallel: 8
       matrix:
         # One entry per distinct toolchain. ESP32 variants (c3/c6/s2/s3/p4)
         # share a toolchain bundle, so esp32 is exercised on the base variant
@@ -208,9 +212,9 @@ jobs:
       - name: Download image artifact
         uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
         with:
-          name: compile-test-image.tar.gz
+          name: compile-test-image.tar.zst
       - name: Load image
-        run: docker load --input compile-test-image.tar.gz
+        run: docker load --input compile-test-image.tar.zst
       - name: Compile ${{ matrix.id }}
         run: |
           docker run --rm \

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ jobs:
     outputs:
       core-ci: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.core-ci }}
       integration-tests: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.integration-tests }}
+      integration-run-all: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.integration-run-all }}
       integration-test-buckets: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.integration-test-buckets }}
       clang-tidy: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.clang-tidy }}
       clang-tidy-mode: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.clang-tidy-mode }}
@@ -112,6 +113,12 @@ jobs:
       component-test-batches: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.component-test-batches }}
       validate-only-components: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.validate-only-components }}
       benchmarks: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.benchmarks }}
+      # "true" when this run is a pull request into one of the release
+      # branches. Those pull requests are batches of changes already tested on
+      # their original dev pull requests, so several jobs below trade coverage
+      # for turnaround time on them. Matched exactly, not by prefix, so an
+      # ordinary branch named e.g. "release-notes" is not caught by it.
+      release-pr: ${{ github.base_ref == 'beta' || github.base_ref == 'release' }}
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
         uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
@@ -146,6 +153,9 @@ jobs:
           # Extract individual fields
           echo "core-ci=$(echo "$output" | jq -r '.core_ci')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
           echo "integration-tests=$(echo "$output" | jq -r '.integration_tests')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          # A missing key must fail here, not silently disable the junit upload
+          run_all=$(echo "$output" | jq -r 'if has("integration_run_all") then .integration_run_all else error("integration_run_all missing") end')
+          echo "integration-run-all=${run_all}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
           echo "integration-test-buckets=$(echo "$output" | jq -c '.integration_test_buckets')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
           echo "clang-tidy=$(echo "$output" | jq -r '.clang_tidy')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
           echo "clang-tidy-mode=$(echo "$output" | jq -r '.clang_tidy_mode')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
@@ -230,7 +240,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs:
       - determine-jobs
-    if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && !startsWith(github.base_ref, 'beta') && !startsWith(github.base_ref, 'release') && needs.determine-jobs.outputs.core-ci == 'true'
+    if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && needs.determine-jobs.outputs.release-pr == 'false' && needs.determine-jobs.outputs.core-ci == 'true'
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
         uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
@@ -349,6 +359,15 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         bucket: ${{ fromJson(needs.determine-jobs.outputs.integration-test-buckets) }}
+    env:
+      # What the cache steps persist; libdeps is excluded (keyed per xdist
+      # worker and env, it never crosses runs).
+      INTEGRATION_PIO_CACHE_PATH: |
+        ~/.esphome-integration-tests/platformio/platforms
+        ~/.esphome-integration-tests/platformio/packages
+        ~/.esphome-integration-tests/platformio/appstate.json
+        ~/.esphome-integration-tests/platformio/.cache
+        ~/.esphome-integration-tests/platformio/.esphome.pio.stamp.json
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
         uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
@@ -367,6 +386,14 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.13"
+      - name: Restore integration PlatformIO cache
+        # Native platform + toolchain installed by shared_platformio_cache in
+        # tests/integration/conftest.py; a miss self-heals, so no restore-keys.
+        id: pio-cache
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9 # v6.1.0
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.INTEGRATION_PIO_CACHE_PATH }}
+          key: integration-pio-v1-${{ runner.os }}-py${{ steps.python.outputs.python-version }}-${{ hashFiles('requirements.txt', 'tests/integration/fixtures/cache_init.yaml', 'esphome/components/host/__init__.py') }}
       - name: Restore Python virtual environment
         id: cache-venv
         uses: actions/cache@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9 # v6.1.0
@@ -404,12 +431,36 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           . venv/bin/activate
           mapfile -t test_files < <(echo "$BUCKET_TESTS" | jq -r '.[]')
+          if [ "${#test_files[@]}" -eq 0 ]; then
+            echo "::error::Empty integration test bucket; pytest would collect the whole tree"
+            exit 1
+          fi
           echo "Bucket ${{ matrix.bucket.name }}: running ${#test_files[@]} integration tests"
-          pytest -vv --no-cov --tb=native --durations=30 -n auto "${test_files[@]}"
+          pytest -vv --no-cov --tb=native --durations=30 -n auto --dist worksteal \
+            --junitxml=junit-integration.xml "${test_files[@]}"
+      - name: Upload junit timings
+        # Consumed by sync-integration-durations.yml through
+        # script/update_integration_test_durations.py; only full matrix dev
+        # runs produce usable data.
+        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev' && needs.determine-jobs.outputs.integration-run-all == 'true'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: junit-integration-${{ strategy.job-index }}
+          path: junit-integration.xml
+          if-no-files-found: error
+          # A full cron period of margin for the weekly refresh
+          retention-days: 14
       - name: Print ccache statistics
         # esphome stores the PlatformIO ccache under the machine-global cache
         # dir (see _ccache_env() in esphome/platformio/toolchain.py).
         run: CCACHE_DIR="$HOME/.cache/esphome/platformio-ccache" ccache -s
+      - name: Save integration PlatformIO cache
+        # Bucket 0 only; the others would race the same immutable key.
+        if: success() && (github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev' || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'ci-cache-write')) && strategy.job-index == 0 && steps.pio-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        uses: actions/cache/save@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9 # v6.1.0
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.INTEGRATION_PIO_CACHE_PATH }}
+          key: ${{ steps.pio-cache.outputs.cache-primary-key }}
 
   import-time:
     name: Check import esphome.__main__ time
@@ -449,10 +500,21 @@ jobs:
     if: >-
       github.repository == 'esphome/esphome' && (
         (github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref_name == 'dev') ||
-        (github.event_name == 'pull_request' && needs.determine-jobs.outputs.benchmarks == 'true')
+        (
+          github.event_name == 'pull_request' &&
+          needs.determine-jobs.outputs.release-pr == 'false' &&
+          needs.determine-jobs.outputs.benchmarks == 'true'
+        )
       )
     # CodSpeed benchmarks require a CodSpeed account linked to the repository to run
     # (https://codspeed.io) -- disabled on forks that aren't esphome/esphome itself.
+    #
+    # Pull requests into beta and release are skipped as well. CodSpeed compares a
+    # pull request against the newest commit of its base branch that has a benchmark
+    # run of its own, and only dev is benchmarked. A release pull request therefore
+    # falls back to dev's latest run, so every speed-up merged into dev since the
+    # release branched is reported as a regression in the release. The changes there
+    # have already been benchmarked on their original dev pull requests.
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
         uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
@@ -519,7 +581,7 @@ jobs:
             apt-get install -y libc6-dbg
 
       - name: Run CodSpeed benchmarks
-        uses: CodSpeedHQ/action@4296e51e7041e24dadb86d1d6e8b9320d223dbe8 # v5.0.3
+        uses: CodSpeedHQ/action@373d6868929f444bc08d901fd0eb0ad52a8875ea # v5.2.1
         with:
           run: |
             . venv/bin/activate
@@ -632,6 +694,12 @@ jobs:
         with:
           framework: arduino
 
+      - name: Cache clang-tidy idedata
+        if: matrix.cache_idf
+        uses: ./.github/actions/cache-clang-tidy-idedata
+        with:
+          environment: esp32-arduino-tidy
+
       - name: Cache nRF Connect SDK install
         if: matrix.cache_sdk_nrf
         uses: ./.github/actions/cache-sdk-nrf
@@ -681,6 +749,10 @@ jobs:
           # Also cache libdeps, store them in a ~/.platformio subfolder
           PLATFORMIO_LIBDEPS_DIR: ~/.platformio/libdeps
 
+      - name: Prune ESP-IDF install before cache save
+        if: matrix.cache_idf && (github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev' || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'ci-cache-write'))
+        uses: ./.github/actions/prune-esp-idf
+
       - name: Suggested changes
         run: script/ci-suggest-changes ${{ matrix.ignore_errors && '|| true' || '' }}
         # yamllint disable-line rule:line-length
@@ -713,6 +785,11 @@ jobs:
       - name: Cache ESP-IDF install
         uses: ./.github/actions/cache-esp-idf
 
+      - name: Cache clang-tidy idedata
+        uses: ./.github/actions/cache-clang-tidy-idedata
+        with:
+          environment: esp32-idf-tidy
+
       - name: Register problem matchers
         run: |
           echo "::add-matcher::.github/workflows/matchers/gcc.json"
@@ -747,6 +824,10 @@ jobs:
           # Also cache libdeps, store them in a ~/.platformio subfolder
           PLATFORMIO_LIBDEPS_DIR: ~/.platformio/libdeps
 
+      - name: Prune ESP-IDF install before cache save
+        if: (github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev' || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'ci-cache-write'))
+        uses: ./.github/actions/prune-esp-idf
+
       - name: Suggested changes
         run: script/ci-suggest-changes
         if: always()
@@ -792,6 +873,11 @@ jobs:
       - name: Cache ESP-IDF install
         uses: ./.github/actions/cache-esp-idf
 
+      - name: Cache clang-tidy idedata
+        uses: ./.github/actions/cache-clang-tidy-idedata
+        with:
+          environment: esp32-idf-tidy
+
       - name: Register problem matchers
         run: |
           echo "::add-matcher::.github/workflows/matchers/gcc.json"
@@ -826,6 +912,10 @@ jobs:
           # Also cache libdeps, store them in a ~/.platformio subfolder
           PLATFORMIO_LIBDEPS_DIR: ~/.platformio/libdeps
 
+      - name: Prune ESP-IDF install before cache save
+        if: (github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev' || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'ci-cache-write'))
+        uses: ./.github/actions/prune-esp-idf
+
       - name: Suggested changes
         run: script/ci-suggest-changes
         if: always()
@@ -849,16 +939,19 @@ jobs:
             name: Run script/clang-tidy for ESP32 S3
             # yamllint disable-line rule:line-length
             options: --environment esp32s3-idf-tidy --grep SOC_TEMP_SENSOR_SUPPORTED --grep USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3 --grep USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC
+            tidy_environment: esp32s3-idf-tidy
           - id: clang-tidy
             name: Run script/clang-tidy for ESP32 P4
             # P4 has no native Wi-Fi/BLE; those run over the hosted co-processor,
             # so their code paths differ -- lint them under the P4 build too.
             # yamllint disable-line rule:line-length
             options: --environment esp32p4-idf-tidy --grep USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4 --grep USE_ESP32_HOSTED --grep USE_WIFI --grep USE_BLE
+            tidy_environment: esp32p4-idf-tidy
           - id: clang-tidy
             name: Run script/clang-tidy for ESP32 C6
             # yamllint disable-line rule:line-length
             options: --environment esp32c6-idf-tidy --grep SOC_LP_I2C_SUPPORTED --grep USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6 --grep USE_OPENTHREAD --grep USE_ZIGBEE
+            tidy_environment: esp32c6-idf-tidy
 
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
@@ -876,6 +969,11 @@ jobs:
       - name: Cache ESP-IDF install
         uses: ./.github/actions/cache-esp-idf
 
+      - name: Cache clang-tidy idedata
+        uses: ./.github/actions/cache-clang-tidy-idedata
+        with:
+          environment: ${{ matrix.tidy_environment }}
+
       - name: Register problem matchers
         run: |
           echo "::add-matcher::.github/workflows/matchers/gcc.json"
@@ -909,6 +1007,10 @@ jobs:
             script/clang-tidy --fix --changed ${{ matrix.options }}
           fi
 
+      - name: Prune ESP-IDF install before cache save
+        if: (github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev' || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'ci-cache-write'))
+        uses: ./.github/actions/prune-esp-idf
+
       - name: Suggested changes
         run: script/ci-suggest-changes
         if: always()
@@ -929,7 +1031,6 @@ jobs:
       ESPHOME_SDK_NRF_PREFIX: ~/.esphome-sdk-nrf
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      max-parallel: ${{ (startsWith(github.base_ref, 'beta') || startsWith(github.base_ref, 'release')) && 32 || 16 }}
       matrix:
         batch: ${{ fromJson(needs.determine-jobs.outputs.component-test-batches) }}
     steps:
@@ -1016,7 +1117,7 @@ jobs:
           # - This catches pin conflicts and other issues in directly changed code
           # - Grouped tests use --testing-mode to allow config merging (disables some checks)
           # - Dependencies are safe to group since they weren't modified in this PR
-          if [[ "${{ github.base_ref }}" == beta* ]] || [[ "${{ github.base_ref }}" == release* ]]; then
+          if [[ "${{ needs.determine-jobs.outputs.release-pr }}" == "true" ]]; then
             directly_changed_csv=""
             echo "Testing components: $components_csv"
             echo "Target branch: ${{ github.base_ref }} - grouping all components"

.github/workflows/codeql.yml

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ jobs:
 
       # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
       - name: Initialize CodeQL
-        uses: github/codeql-action/init@ff2f1c621b7f889edc0d3c761ac2e6a3f8cdb0dd # v4.37.7
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@cdf488f595d80d6e07e03d4674febd5ab45fa938 # v4.37.9
         with:
           languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
           build-mode: ${{ matrix.build-mode }}
@@ -84,6 +84,6 @@ jobs:
           exit 1
 
       - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@ff2f1c621b7f889edc0d3c761ac2e6a3f8cdb0dd # v4.37.7
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@cdf488f595d80d6e07e03d4674febd5ab45fa938 # v4.37.9
         with:
           category: "/language:${{matrix.language}}"

.github/workflows/sync-integration-durations.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+---
+name: Refresh integration test durations
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: "45 5 * * 1"
+
+# Repo writes (branch push, PR open) happen via the App token minted below,
+# so the workflow's GITHUB_TOKEN does not need any write scopes.
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  actions: read  # gh api / gh run download for the CI junit artifacts
+
+jobs:
+  sync:
+    name: Refresh integration test durations
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.repository == 'esphome/esphome'
+    steps:
+      - name: Generate a token
+        id: generate-token
+        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@bcd2ba49218906704ab6c1aa796996da409d3eb1 # v3.2.0
+        with:
+          client-id: ${{ vars.ESPHOME_GITHUB_APP_CLIENT_ID }}
+          private-key: ${{ secrets.ESPHOME_GITHUB_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}
+          permission-contents: write       # push the sync branch
+          permission-pull-requests: write  # open or refresh the sync PR
+
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+
+      - name: Setup Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.13"
+
+      - name: Refresh from the newest usable dev run
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: |
+          # Only full matrix dev runs upload junit-integration-* artifacts
+          # (see the integration-tests job); the merge script re-checks
+          # coverage regardless.
+          # Newest-first candidates via their bucket-0 artifact. Fork PRs run
+          # their own ci.yml, so name and branch are spoofable; require
+          # same-repo. Assignment failures trip set -e and fail loudly.
+          candidates=$(
+            gh api "repos/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}/actions/artifacts?name=junit-integration-0&per_page=100" \
+              --jq '.artifacts[] | select(.expired | not) | .workflow_run
+                    | select(.head_branch == "dev" and .head_repository_id != null
+                             and .head_repository_id == .repository_id)
+                    | .id'
+          )
+          # Green runs first, then the rest newest first; a run missing a
+          # bucket fails the coverage check and the next one is tried
+          green=""
+          rest=""
+          for id in ${candidates}; do
+            conclusion=$(gh api "repos/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}/actions/runs/${id}" --jq '.conclusion // ""')
+            if [ "${conclusion}" = "success" ]; then
+              green="${green} ${id}"
+            elif [ -n "${conclusion}" ]; then
+              rest="${rest} ${id}"
+            fi
+          done
+          # helpers.py imports colorama; the script needs nothing else
+          pip install colorama
+          for id in ${green} ${rest}; do
+            rm -rf /tmp/junit
+            if ! gh run download "${id}" --repo "${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}" -p "junit-integration-*" -D /tmp/junit; then
+              echo "::warning::Could not download artifacts for run ${id}; trying the next"
+              continue
+            fi
+            status=0
+            python script/update_integration_test_durations.py /tmp/junit || status=$?
+            if [ "${status}" -eq 0 ]; then
+              echo "Refreshed from run ${id}"
+              exit 0
+            fi
+            # Only EXIT_LOW_COVERAGE (3) from the script advances to the next run
+            [ "${status}" -eq 3 ] || exit 1
+            echo "::warning::Run ${id} covers too few test files; trying the next"
+          done
+          echo "::error::No dev CI run with usable junit artifacts in range; the feed is starved"
+          exit 1
+
+      - name: Commit changes
+        uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@5f6978faf089d4d20b00c7766989d076bb2fc7f1 # v8.1.1
+        with:
+          commit-message: "[ci] Refresh integration test durations"
+          committer: esphome[bot] <115708604+esphome[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
+          author: esphome[bot] <115708604+esphome[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
+          branch: sync/integration-durations
+          delete-branch: true
+          title: "[ci] Refresh integration test durations"
+          body-path: .github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
+          token: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}

AGENTS.md

@@ -44,6 +44,16 @@ This document provides essential context for AI models interacting with this pro
 
 ## 4. Coding Conventions & Style Guide
 
+**Read the developer documentation before writing a component.** https://developers.esphome.io covers the
+component lifecycle, the main loop, and the reasoning behind the rules below in far more depth than this
+file does, and it is the authority when they disagree. The most useful starting points:
+
+*   https://developers.esphome.io/architecture/components/ - component lifecycle, `setup()`, `loop()`,
+    setup priorities, and how a component is registered.
+*   https://developers.esphome.io/architecture/components/advanced/ - choosing between `loop()`,
+    `set_interval`, `set_timeout` and `defer`; waking the loop from another thread; the RAM cost of each.
+*   https://developers.esphome.io/contributing/code/ - contribution rules, public API and breaking changes.
+
 *   **Formatting:**
     *   **Python:** Uses `ruff` and `flake8` for linting and formatting. Configuration is in `pyproject.toml`.
     *   **C++:** Uses `clang-format` for formatting. Configuration is in `.clang-format`.
@@ -142,6 +152,47 @@ This document provides essential context for AI models interacting with this pro
     *   **Indentation:** Use spaces (two per indentation level), not tabs
     *   **Type aliases:** Prefer `using type_t = int;` over `typedef int type_t;`
     *   **Line length:** Wrap lines at no more than 120 characters
+    *   **Timing in `loop()`:** Never call `millis()` in a `loop()` body. The current tick's timestamp is
+        already cached - use `App.get_loop_component_start_time()` (from `esphome/core/application.h`).
+        Only reach for `millis()` when you genuinely need sub-tick resolution inside a long operation.
+    *   **The main loop runs every 16 ms.** A rate-limit gate shorter than that does nothing: the check
+        passes on essentially every pass of the loop, so it costs a comparison and buys nothing. Pick an
+        interval comfortably coarser than 16 ms, or drop the gate entirely and accept running every loop.
+        ```cpp
+        // Bad - a 10ms gate against a 16ms loop never holds anything back
+        static constexpr uint32_t POLL_INTERVAL_MS = 10;
+        const uint32_t now = millis();
+        if (now - this->last_poll_ < POLL_INTERVAL_MS)
+          return;
+        this->last_poll_ = now;
+        ```
+        ```cpp
+        // Good - an interval that actually rate limits, off the cached timestamp
+        static constexpr uint32_t POLL_INTERVAL_MS = 100;
+        const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+        if (now - this->last_poll_ < POLL_INTERVAL_MS)
+          return;
+        this->last_poll_ = now;
+        ```
+        Pick the primitive by cadence: under 250 ms use a gated `loop()`; 500 ms and above use
+        `set_interval`. Full reasoning, including why `set_interval` costs more below 500 ms:
+        https://developers.esphome.io/architecture/components/advanced/#quick-rule-of-thumb
+    *   **Don't override a default with the same value:** if a base class method already returns what you
+        want, do not override it. `Component::get_setup_priority()` returns `setup_priority::DATA`, so a
+        component that wants `DATA` should simply leave it alone.
+        ```cpp
+        // Bad - this is exactly what the base class already does
+        float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::DATA; }
+        ```
+    *   **Logging string literals:** wrap literals passed as `%s` arguments in `LOG_STR_LITERAL()` so they
+        can be stored in flash rather than RAM.
+        ```cpp
+        // Bad
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Key %u %s", key, pressed ? "pressed" : "released");
+
+        // Good
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Key %u %s", key, pressed ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("pressed") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("released"));
+        ```
     *   **Constructor parameters vs setters:** Component properties that are both **required** and **invariant**
         (never change after construction) should be constructor parameters rather than set via setter methods.
         This makes the dependency explicit and prevents use of the object in an incompletely-initialized state.
@@ -562,6 +613,33 @@ This document provides essential context for AI models interacting with this pro
            Use `cg.add_define("MAX_SERVICES", count)` to set the size from Python configuration.
            Like `std::array` but with vector-like API (`push_back()`, `size()`) and no STL reallocation code.
 
+           **Listener and child-entity registration lists are the most common case, and the most commonly
+           missed.** A `register_*()` method called once per child at code generation time has a count that
+           is known at compile time, so it should never be a `std::vector`. Use `cg.slot_counter()`: it
+           returns a function that each consumer calls once per slot it will occupy, and after every
+           `to_code` has run it emits the define with the final count. When nothing registers, no define is
+           emitted and the storage plus its registration method compile out entirely.
+           ```python
+           # hub component's __init__.py
+           _request_listener_slot = cg.slot_counter("MY_COMPONENT_LISTENER_COUNT")
+
+
+           async def register_listener(hub: MockObj, var: MockObj) -> None:
+               _request_listener_slot()
+               cg.add(hub.register_listener(var))
+           ```
+           ```cpp
+           #ifdef MY_COMPONENT_LISTENER_COUNT
+             void register_listener(MyComponentListener *listener);
+           #endif
+            protected:
+           #ifdef MY_COMPONENT_LISTENER_COUNT
+             StaticVector<MyComponentListener *, MY_COMPONENT_LISTENER_COUNT> listeners_;
+           #endif
+           ```
+           Request slots from `to_code`, not from a job that runs after `CoroPriority.FINAL` - a late
+           request raises rather than silently undercounting.
+
         3. **Runtime-known sizes:** Use `FixedVector` from `esphome/core/helpers.h` when the size is only known at runtime initialization.
            ```cpp
            // Bad - generates STL realloc code (_M_realloc_insert)
@@ -599,9 +677,25 @@ This document provides essential context for AI models interacting with this pro
            ```
            Linear search on small datasets (1-16 elements) is often faster than hashing/tree overhead, but this depends on lookup frequency and access patterns. For frequent lookups in hot code paths, the O(1) vs O(n) complexity difference may still matter even for small datasets. `std::vector` with simple structs is usually fine—it's the heavy containers (`map`, `set`, `unordered_map`) that should be avoided for small datasets unless profiling shows otherwise.
 
-        5. **Avoid `std::deque`:** It allocates in 512-byte blocks regardless of element size, guaranteeing at least 512 bytes of RAM usage immediately. This is a major source of crashes on memory-constrained devices.
+        5. **Strings set once from configuration:** Use `StringRef` (`esphome/core/string_ref.h`) rather than
+           `std::string`. Code generation passes a string literal that lives in flash for the life of the
+           program, so storing a `std::string` copies it onto the heap for nothing. `StringRef` is a
+           non-owning pointer plus length; it does not copy, and it must only ever refer to storage that
+           outlives it (a string literal, or a buffer owned elsewhere).
+           ```cpp
+           // Bad - heap copy of a literal that is already in flash
+           void set_keys(std::string keys) { this->keys_ = std::move(keys); }
+           std::string keys_;
+           ```
+           ```cpp
+           // Good - no allocation
+           void set_keys(const char *keys) { this->keys_ = StringRef(keys); }
+           StringRef keys_;
+           ```
 
-        6. **Detection:** Look for these patterns in compiler output:
+        6. **Avoid `std::deque`:** It allocates in 512-byte blocks regardless of element size, guaranteeing at least 512 bytes of RAM usage immediately. This is a major source of crashes on memory-constrained devices.
+
+        7. **Detection:** Look for these patterns in compiler output:
            - Large code sections with STL symbols (vector, map, set)
            - `alloc`, `realloc`, `dealloc` in symbol names
            - `_M_realloc_insert`, `_M_default_append` (vector reallocation)

CODEOWNERS

@@ -131,6 +131,7 @@ esphome/components/cst816/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/cst9220/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/ct_clamp/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/current_based/* @djwmarcx
+esphome/components/d01/* @ch604
 esphome/components/dac7678/* @NickB1
 esphome/components/daikin_arc/* @MagicBear
 esphome/components/daikin_brc/* @hagak
@@ -148,6 +149,7 @@ esphome/components/display_menu_base/* @numo68
 esphome/components/dlms_meter/* @latonita @PolarGoose @SimonFischer04 @Tomer27cz
 esphome/components/dps310/* @kbx81
 esphome/components/ds1307/* @badbadc0ffee
+esphome/components/ds1603l/* @JakeLC15
 esphome/components/ds2484/* @mrk-its
 esphome/components/ds248x/* @tomwellnitz
 esphome/components/dsmr/* @glmnet @PolarGoose
@@ -350,6 +352,7 @@ esphome/components/mipi_spi/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/mitsubishi/* @RubyBailey
 esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/* @crnjan
 esphome/components/mixer/speaker/* @kahrendt
+esphome/components/mk2pvrouter/* @FredM67
 esphome/components/mlx90393/* @functionpointer
 esphome/components/mlx90614/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/mmc5603/* @benhoff
@@ -476,6 +479,7 @@ esphome/components/sensirion_common/* @martgras
 esphome/components/sensor/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/serial_proxy/* @kbx81
 esphome/components/sfa30/* @ghsensdev
+esphome/components/sfa40/* @NoQuarrel
 esphome/components/sgp40/* @SenexCrenshaw
 esphome/components/sgp4x/* @martgras @SenexCrenshaw
 esphome/components/sha256/* @esphome/core
@@ -576,6 +580,7 @@ esphome/components/tuya/select/* @bearpawmaxim
 esphome/components/tuya/sensor/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/tuya/switch/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/tuya/text_sensor/* @dentra
+esphome/components/tuya/water_heater/* @iago-veiga
 esphome/components/uart/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/uart/button/* @ssieb
 esphome/components/uart/event/* @eoasmxd

THREAT_MODEL.md

@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ For this repository there are two trusted inputs by design:
 1. **The configuration.** Anyone who can supply or edit a YAML config is trusted
    (see below).
 2. **Authenticated peers of a running device** — clients holding the device's
-   API encryption key / password, OTA password, or web server credentials.
+   API/OTA encryption key, API password, OTA password, or web server
+   credentials.
 
 The security boundary is therefore **unauthenticated network traffic vs. those
 trusted inputs.** A bug that lets an unauthenticated attacker cross it is a
@@ -76,8 +77,8 @@ These *are* security bugs in this repo, and we want to hear about them privately
   captive portal, etc.) **without** valid credentials.
 - Authentication or encryption bypass on the device — reaching API calls, OTA
   updates, or the web server without the configured key/password.
-- Flaws that weaken the device's API encryption (Noise), OTA, or web server auth
-  below their documented guarantees.
+- Flaws that weaken the device's API or OTA encryption (Noise), OTA auth, or
+  web server auth below their documented guarantees.
 
 ## The web server is an open HTTP API by design
 
@@ -121,6 +122,37 @@ and any memory-safety or protocol bug in the server reachable without credential
 This section documents the current design and scope; it is not a judgment that the
 design is optimal or that it will not change.
 
+## OTA update encryption
+
+The `esphome` OTA platform optionally encrypts updates with the same Noise
+`NNpsk0` pattern the native API uses; one key protects the device. With an
+`encryption:` block configured the guarantees are: the firmware image is
+confidential in transit, the uploader is authenticated by the pre-shared key,
+and the plaintext negotiation preceding the handshake is bound into the
+handshake prologue, so stripping or tampering with it fails the first MAC.
+Both ends fail closed with no override: a device built with a key refuses
+plaintext uploads, and the CLI refuses to send plaintext when a key is
+configured.
+
+Defeating any of that without the key is in scope: a keyed device accepting a
+plaintext or downgraded upload, getting past the MAC, or recovering image
+contents from captured traffic.
+
+The following are **not** vulnerabilities, by design:
+
+- Plaintext OTA on a device with no `encryption:` block. That is the
+  documented default, authenticated (if at all) by the OTA password.
+- The enablement window: turning encryption on takes one last upload of the
+  encryption-enabled firmware over the existing plaintext channel, with the
+  pre-existing plaintext exposure.
+- The web OTA `/update` endpoint alongside encryption. The `web_server`
+  component keeps it always reachable, and `captive_portal:` auto-loads it
+  for the fallback AP window; validation warns about both combinations, and
+  the operator keeps the recovery path.
+- CLI retry behavior on transport or MAC failures; every attempt renegotiates
+  a fresh handshake with fresh ephemerals, so retrying does not weaken
+  authentication.
+
 ## Explicitly out of scope
 
 - Local attackers who already have shell access on the host that runs `esphome`.

docker/Dockerfile

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ RUN \
     -r /requirements.txt
 
 # Install the ESPHome Device Builder dashboard.
-RUN uv pip install --no-cache-dir esphome-device-builder==1.12.4
+RUN uv pip install --no-cache-dir esphome-device-builder==1.13.1
 
 RUN \
     platformio settings set enable_telemetry No \

docker/generate_tags.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 import argparse
+import os
 import re
 
 CHANNEL_DEV = "dev"
@@ -64,7 +65,10 @@ def main():
 
     suffix = f"-{args.suffix}" if args.suffix else ""
 
-    image_name = f"esphome/esphome{suffix}"
+    repository = (
+        (os.environ.get("GITHUB_REPOSITORY") or "esphome/esphome").strip().lower()
+    )
+    image_name = f"{repository}{suffix}"
 
     print(f"channel={channel}")
 

esphome/__main__.py

@@ -26,7 +26,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_DEASSERT_RTS_DTR,
     CONF_DISABLED,
     CONF_DISCOVER_IP,
+    CONF_ENCRYPTION,
     CONF_ESPHOME,
+    CONF_KEY,
     CONF_LEVEL,
     CONF_LOG,
     CONF_LOG_TOPIC,
@@ -857,7 +859,20 @@ def compile_program(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int:
         toolchain.create_factory_bin()
         toolchain.create_ota_bin()
         toolchain.create_elf_copy()
-        toolchain.get_idedata()
+        from esphome.build_helpers.idedata import IDEDATA_BEST_EFFORT_ERRORS
+
+        try:
+            if toolchain.get_idedata() is None:
+                _LOGGER.warning("No idedata was generated for this build")
+        except IDEDATA_BEST_EFFORT_ERRORS as err:
+            # The firmware already built; an idedata failure must not fail
+            # a successful build.
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Could not generate idedata: %s (IDE, clang-tidy, and "
+                "memory-analysis data will be unavailable for this build)",
+                err,
+            )
+            _LOGGER.debug("Idedata failure detail", exc_info=True)
     else:
         from esphome.platformio import toolchain
 
@@ -1323,6 +1338,19 @@ def _upload_via_native_api(
 
     remote_port = int(ota_conf[CONF_PORT])
     password = ota_conf.get(CONF_PASSWORD)
+    # Fail closed: an encryption block whose key did not resolve must never
+    # fall back to a plaintext upload
+    noise_psk = None
+    if (encryption_conf := ota_conf.get(CONF_ENCRYPTION)) is not None:
+        noise_psk = encryption_conf.get(CONF_KEY)
+        if not noise_psk:
+            raise EsphomeError(
+                "OTA encryption is configured but no key was resolved; "
+                "set the key under 'ota: encryption:' or 'api: encryption:'"
+            )
+        # Ensure the key is a string, as required by the underlying OTA implementation.
+        # It arrives here as a SensitiveStr which aioesphomeapi rejects.
+        noise_psk = str(noise_psk)
 
     def check_partition_access(option_string: str) -> None:
         if not ota_conf.get("allow_partition_access"):
@@ -1353,7 +1381,9 @@ def _upload_via_native_api(
     if ota_type == espota2.OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_BOOTLOADER:
         _validate_bootloader_binary(binary)
 
-    return espota2.run_ota(network_devices, remote_port, password, binary, ota_type)
+    return espota2.run_ota(
+        network_devices, remote_port, password, binary, ota_type, noise_psk
+    )
 
 
 def _upload_via_web_server(
@@ -1362,6 +1392,16 @@ def _upload_via_web_server(
     from esphome import web_server_ota
     from esphome.web_server_helpers import get_web_server_connection
 
+    if any(
+        ota_item.get(CONF_PLATFORM) == CONF_ESPHOME
+        and ota_item.get(CONF_ENCRYPTION) is not None
+        for ota_item in config.get(CONF_OTA, [])
+    ):
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "This config has OTA encryption, but the web_server OTA path sends "
+            "the image over plaintext HTTP; use the esphome OTA platform to "
+            "keep it confidential"
+        )
     remote_port, username, password = get_web_server_connection(config)
     return web_server_ota.run_ota(
         network_devices, remote_port, username, password, binary
@@ -1657,20 +1697,26 @@ def command_compile(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
     if exit_code != 0:
         return exit_code
     if CORE.is_host:
-        if CORE.using_toolchain_esp_idf:
-            from esphome.espidf import toolchain
-
-            program_path = str(toolchain.get_elf_path())
-        else:
-            from esphome.platformio.toolchain import get_idedata
-
-            program_path = str(get_idedata(config).firmware_elf_path)
-        _LOGGER.info("Successfully compiled program to path '%s'", program_path)
+        _LOGGER.info(
+            "Successfully compiled program to path '%s'", _host_program_path(config)
+        )
     else:
         _LOGGER.info("Successfully compiled program.")
     return 0
 
 
+def _host_program_path(config: ConfigType) -> str:
+    """Return the compiled host ELF path."""
+    if CORE.using_toolchain_esp_idf:
+        from esphome.espidf import toolchain
+
+        return str(toolchain.get_elf_path())
+    from esphome.platformio.toolchain import get_idedata
+
+    # Memoized by compile_program's own call; this is a dict lookup
+    return str(get_idedata(config).firmware_elf_path)
+
+
 def command_upload(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
     # Get devices, resolving special identifiers like OTA
     devices = choose_upload_log_host(
@@ -1715,14 +1761,7 @@ def command_run(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
         return exit_code
     _LOGGER.info("Successfully compiled program.")
     if CORE.is_host:
-        if CORE.using_toolchain_esp_idf:
-            from esphome.espidf import toolchain
-
-            program_path = str(toolchain.get_elf_path())
-        else:
-            from esphome.platformio.toolchain import get_idedata
-
-            program_path = str(get_idedata(config).firmware_elf_path)
+        program_path = _host_program_path(config)
         _LOGGER.info("Running program from path '%s'", program_path)
         return run_external_process(program_path)
 
@@ -2721,10 +2760,14 @@ def run_esphome(argv):
     # Skipped when -s overrides are passed, since the cache was written
     # against the previous substitution set.
     config: ConfigType | None = None
-    cache_eligible = (
+    cache_write_eligible = (
         args.command in ("upload", "logs") and not command_line_substitutions
     )
-    if cache_eligible:
+    # An explicit --toolchain must re-run the per-platform validators, so
+    # gate only the cache read; the refresh below saves the result unless
+    # the sidecar records a different toolchain.
+    cache_read_eligible = cache_write_eligible and args.toolchain is None
+    if cache_read_eligible:
         from esphome.compiled_config import load_compiled_config
 
         config = load_compiled_config(conf_path)
@@ -2748,17 +2791,14 @@ def run_esphome(argv):
             return 2
     CORE.config = config
 
-    # Fallback for platforms whose validators didn't set the toolchain
-    # (only the esp32 component reads esp32.framework.toolchain). All
-    # other platforms only support PlatformIO today. Must run before the
-    # cache refresh below so its sidecar records the same toolchain a
-    # compile would.
+    # The cache fast path skips validation, and legacy sidecars lack the
+    # toolchain field. Must run before the cache refresh below.
     if CORE.toolchain is None:
         CORE.toolchain = Toolchain.PLATFORMIO
 
     # Refresh the cache so the next upload/logs hits the fast path
     # instead of re-running read_config.
-    if cache_eligible and cache_missed:
+    if cache_write_eligible and cache_missed:
         from esphome.compiled_config import save_compiled_config_and_sidecar
 
         save_compiled_config_and_sidecar(config)

esphome/arduino/library.py

@@ -0,0 +1,531 @@
+"""Arduino-core backend for the shared PlatformIO library converter.
+
+Bundled names build straight from the framework tree; everything else goes
+through ``esphome.platformio.library``. Mirrors ``lib_ldf_mode=off``: each
+library builds its own archive; all include dirs join one global path.
+
+Deviations from PlatformIO: flat-layout libraries get the recursive default
+source filter; ``dot_a_linkage`` is honored; bundled libraries never run a
+manifest ``extraScript``; manifest ``-I`` flags join the global include path;
+``precompiled``/``ldflags`` properties are refused by name.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+import logging
+from pathlib import Path
+import re
+
+from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError, Library
+from esphome.helpers import walk_files
+from esphome.platformio.extra_script import apply_extra_script
+from esphome.platformio.library import (
+    DEFAULT_BUILD_INCLUDE_DIR,
+    DEFAULT_BUILD_SRC_FILTER,
+    ESPHOME_DATA_KEY,
+    ESPHOME_DATA_LINK_FLAGS_KEY,
+    LIBRARY_HEADER_SUFFIXES,
+    SRC_FILE_EXTENSIONS,
+    ConvertedLibrary,
+    IncompatiblePlatform,
+    InvalidLibrary,
+    LibraryBackend,
+    _url_or_none,
+    check_library_data,
+    collect_filtered_files,
+    convert_libraries,
+    ensure_list,
+    is_lib_ignored,
+    lex_build_flags,
+    lib_ignore_set,
+    normalize_dependencies,
+    parse_library_json,
+    parse_library_properties,
+    warn_properties_depends,
+)
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ArduinoLibrary:
+    """One resolved library, ready for the ninja generator."""
+
+    name: str
+    sources: list[Path] = field(default_factory=list)
+    include_dirs: list[Path] = field(default_factory=list)
+    # Extra compile flags private to this library's own sources
+    flags: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
+    # PlatformIO's build.libArchive / Arduino's dot_a_linkage: when False the
+    # objects go to the linker directly (symbols nothing references survive)
+    lib_archive: bool = True
+    # Link inputs the library contributes (-L dirs / -l libs, e.g. from
+    # precompiled vendor blobs) and -Wl, options for the firmware link
+    link_dirs: list[Path] = field(default_factory=list)
+    link_libs: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
+    link_flags: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
+
+
+# Source-like suffixes the case-sensitive suffix map rejects
+_UNMAPPED_SOURCE_SUFFIXES = frozenset(
+    {s.lower() for s in SRC_FILE_EXTENSIONS} | {".ino"}
+)
+
+# Filename-plain names: an allowlist excludes separators, drive colons,
+# and dot-only names by shape
+_SAFE_LIBRARY_NAME_RE = re.compile(r"[A-Za-z0-9_][A-Za-z0-9_. +-]*\Z")
+
+
+def _is_safe_library_name(name: object) -> bool:
+    """Whether a name may be joined under the framework's libraries dir."""
+    return isinstance(name, str) and _SAFE_LIBRARY_NAME_RE.fullmatch(name) is not None
+
+
+def _manifest_build(name: str, data: object) -> dict:
+    """The manifest's ``build`` section; malformed manifests fail by name."""
+    build = data.get("build", {}) if isinstance(data, dict) else None
+    if not isinstance(build, dict):
+        raise EsphomeError(f"Library {name} has a malformed manifest")
+    return build
+
+
+def _resolve_src_dir(name: str, read_path: Path, build: dict) -> str:
+    """Resolve PIO's source dir: manifest srcDir, else src/Src, else the root."""
+    if "srcDir" not in build:
+        return next((d for d in ("src", "Src") if (read_path / d).is_dir()), ".")
+    # A declared srcDir (falsy included) that does not resolve is a manifest error
+    src_dir = build["srcDir"]
+    if not (isinstance(src_dir, str) and src_dir and (read_path / src_dir).is_dir()):
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"Library {name} declares srcDir {src_dir!r} which does not exist"
+        )
+    return src_dir
+
+
+def _reject_unsupported_link_fields(name: str, data: dict) -> None:
+    # PIO honors these; ignoring them would fail at link with no stated
+    # cause. Property values are strings, so "false" is not a declaration.
+    precompiled = data.get("precompiled")
+    if precompiled and str(precompiled).strip().lower() != "false":
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"Library {name} declares precompiled, which this backend does not support"
+        )
+    if data.get("ldflags"):
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"Library {name} declares ldflags, which this backend does not support"
+        )
+
+
+def _resolve_lib_archive(name: str, data: dict, build: dict) -> bool:
+    """build.libArchive, else dot_a_linkage (an Arduino IDE property PIO
+    ignores; a deliberate extra), else archive."""
+
+    # Strict parse: bool("false") is True
+    def _parse(key: str, raw: object) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(raw, bool):
+            return raw
+        value = str(raw).strip().lower()
+        if value in ("true", "false"):
+            return value == "true"
+        raise EsphomeError(f"Library {name} has a malformed {key} value {raw!r}")
+
+    if "libArchive" in build:
+        return _parse("libArchive", build["libArchive"])
+    if "dot_a_linkage" in data:
+        return _parse("dot_a_linkage", data["dot_a_linkage"])
+    return True
+
+
+def _classify_build_flags(
+    name: str, read_path: Path, lib: ArduinoLibrary, flag_tokens: list[str]
+) -> list[str]:
+    """Route the lexed build.flags into the library's flag lists.
+
+    Returns the ``-I`` arguments for the include-dir resolution.
+    """
+    include_flags: list[str] = []
+    for tok in flag_tokens:
+        if tok.startswith("-I"):
+            include_flags.append(tok[2:])
+        elif tok.startswith("-L"):
+            link_dir = (read_path / tok[2:]).resolve()
+            if not link_dir.is_dir():
+                # Kept (the linker ignores missing -L dirs); the warning
+                # names the culprit before a bare "cannot find -lfoo"
+                _LOGGER.warning(
+                    "Library %s declares library dir %s which does not exist",
+                    name,
+                    tok[2:],
+                )
+            lib.link_dirs.append(link_dir)
+        elif tok.startswith("-l"):
+            lib.link_libs.append(tok[2:])
+        elif tok.startswith("-Wl,"):
+            lib.link_flags.append(tok)
+        else:
+            lib.flags.append(tok)
+    return include_flags
+
+
+def _resolve_include_dirs(
+    name: str,
+    read_path: Path,
+    lib: ArduinoLibrary,
+    build: dict,
+    src_dir: str,
+    include_flags: list[str],
+) -> None:
+    include_dir = build.get("includeDir", DEFAULT_BUILD_INCLUDE_DIR)
+    if not isinstance(include_dir, str):
+        raise EsphomeError(f"Library {name} has a malformed includeDir")
+    for d, explicit in [
+        (include_dir, "includeDir" in build),
+        (src_dir, False),  # _resolve_src_dir already validated it
+        *((flag, True) for flag in include_flags),
+    ]:
+        if (path := (read_path / d)).is_dir():
+            lib.include_dirs.append(path.resolve())
+        elif explicit:
+            # Warn-and-drop (unlike srcDir): a missing include dir is
+            # harmless until a header is needed, and the compile names it
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Library %s declares include dir %s which does not exist", name, d
+            )
+
+
+def _collect_lib_sources(
+    name: str,
+    read_path: Path,
+    lib: ArduinoLibrary,
+    src_dir: str,
+    src_filter: list[str],
+) -> None:
+    sources: list[Path] = []
+    dropped: list[str] = []
+    saw_header = False
+    for f in collect_filtered_files(read_path / src_dir, src_filter):
+        path = Path(f)
+        suffix = path.suffix
+        if suffix in SRC_FILE_EXTENSIONS:
+            # resolve() per file: srcFilter patterns may escape src_dir
+            sources.append(path.resolve())
+        elif suffix.lower() in _UNMAPPED_SOURCE_SUFFIXES:
+            # A source-like suffix the case-sensitive map rejects (.CPP,
+            # .ino) is a dropped compilation unit; headers fall through
+            dropped.append(path.name)
+        elif suffix.lower() in LIBRARY_HEADER_SUFFIXES:
+            saw_header = True
+    lib.sources = sorted(sources)
+    if dropped:
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "Library %s: %d file(s) with unmapped source suffixes are not compiled: %s",
+            name,
+            len(dropped),
+            ", ".join(sorted(dropped)),
+        )
+    if not lib.sources and not saw_header:
+        # Matched headers mean header-only; a filter matching nothing is
+        # a manifest/tree problem (a truly empty tree raises elsewhere)
+        _LOGGER.warning("Library %s: no source files matched", name)
+
+
+def _library_info(name: str, read_path: Path, data: dict) -> ArduinoLibrary:
+    """Resolve one library's sources, include dirs, and flags (PIO semantics)."""
+    build = _manifest_build(name, data)
+    _reject_unsupported_link_fields(name, data)
+    src_dir = _resolve_src_dir(name, read_path, build)
+    src_filter = ensure_list(build.get("srcFilter", DEFAULT_BUILD_SRC_FILTER))
+    if not all(isinstance(entry, str) for entry in src_filter):
+        raise EsphomeError(f"Library {name} has a malformed srcFilter")
+    lib = ArduinoLibrary(name=name, lib_archive=_resolve_lib_archive(name, data, build))
+    # PlatformIO shell-lexes each build.flags entry
+    include_flags = _classify_build_flags(
+        name, read_path, lib, lex_build_flags(build.get("flags", []), f"library {name}")
+    )
+    _resolve_include_dirs(name, read_path, lib, build, src_dir, include_flags)
+    _collect_lib_sources(name, read_path, lib, src_dir, src_filter)
+    return lib
+
+
+def _bundled_library(framework_path: Path, name: str) -> ArduinoLibrary:
+    """A library bundled with the Arduino core, read from the framework tree.
+
+    ``library.json`` wins over ``library.properties`` when both exist, as in
+    PlatformIO's LibBuilderFactory; only the JSON manifest can carry a
+    ``build`` section (srcDir, srcFilter, flags).
+    """
+    lib_dir = framework_path / "libraries" / name
+    manifest_json = lib_dir / "library.json"
+    if manifest_json.is_file():
+        try:
+            data = parse_library_json(manifest_json)
+        except ValueError as err:  # JSONDecodeError
+            raise EsphomeError(
+                f"Bundled library {name} has a corrupt library.json ({err}); "
+                "the framework install may be incomplete (run 'esphome clean-all')"
+            ) from err
+    elif (manifest := lib_dir / "library.properties").is_file():
+        data = parse_library_properties(manifest)
+    else:
+        # Debug, not warning: the legacy manifest-less layout is legal and
+        # the 3.1.2 core ships one such library (FSTools), so a warning
+        # would be unactionable noise on every build using it
+        _LOGGER.debug("Bundled library %s has no manifest; using defaults", name)
+        data = {}
+    if isinstance(data, dict):
+        # Bundled manifest deps are never walked; make the skip visible
+        if data.get("dependencies"):
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Bundled library %s declares dependencies, which are not "
+                "resolved automatically; add them with add_library() if needed",
+                name,
+            )
+        warn_properties_depends(name, data)
+        build = data.get("build")
+        if isinstance(build, dict) and build.get("extraScript"):
+            # Scripts only run on the converted path; building without
+            # the script's flags would miscompile
+            raise EsphomeError(
+                f"Bundled library {name} declares an extraScript, which is "
+                "not run for bundled libraries"
+            )
+    lib = _library_info(name, lib_dir, data)
+    _assert_tree_has_code(
+        name,
+        lib_dir,
+        "the framework install may be incomplete (run 'esphome clean-all')",
+    )
+    return lib
+
+
+def _assert_tree_has_code(name: str, root: Path, hint: str) -> None:
+    """An empty or half-extracted tree can never link; fail by name (a
+    warning would scroll away and resurface as undefined symbols)."""
+    if not any(
+        Path(p).suffix in SRC_FILE_EXTENSIONS
+        or Path(p).suffix.lower() in LIBRARY_HEADER_SUFFIXES
+        for p in walk_files(root)
+    ):
+        raise EsphomeError(f"Library {name} has no sources or headers; {hint}")
+
+
+def _external_short_name(name: str) -> str:
+    """The short library name of a requested spec.
+
+    "owner/Name" and plain names take the last path segment; "Name=<url>"
+    takes the declared name. Git tails (".git", "#ref") are stripped like
+    the walk's URL normalization; the comparand is a manifest dependency
+    name, never a spec.
+    """
+    head, sep, tail = name.partition("=")
+    if sep and "://" in tail:
+        return head
+    short = name.rsplit("/", maxsplit=1)[-1]
+    return short.partition("#")[0].removesuffix(".git")
+
+
+def _check_unfulfilled_provides(
+    provided_requests: set[str], satisfied: set[str], still_requested: set[str]
+) -> None:
+    """Fail by name when a walk-skipped dependency was never added.
+
+    An unfulfilled provides() promise only surfaces as undefined symbols
+    at link. The walk records across re-resolutions, so a name no final
+    manifest still requests is stale state, never a failure.
+    """
+    if missing := sorted((provided_requests & still_requested) - satisfied):
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            "provides() skipped these dependencies but nothing added them: "
+            f"{', '.join(missing)}; the build is missing libraries"
+        )
+
+
+def resolve_libraries(
+    framework_path: Path, *, pio_platform: str, board_mcu: str, cache_key: str
+) -> list[ArduinoLibrary]:
+    """Resolve every ``cg.add_library()`` entry into an :class:`ArduinoLibrary`.
+
+    ``pio_platform``/``board_mcu`` filter manifests the way PlatformIO would
+    for that core (e.g. ``espressif8266``/``esp8266``); ``cache_key`` keys the
+    shared converter's download cache.
+
+    The returned list is not topologically sorted, so the caller must link
+    the archives inside one ``--start-group``/``--end-group`` pair (the
+    bundled-first grouping is incidental).
+    """
+    bundled: list[ArduinoLibrary] = []
+    external: list[Library] = []
+    # PlatformIO's lib_ignore covers framework-bundled libraries too; the
+    # shared converter only filters the registry/git ones.
+    lib_ignore = lib_ignore_set()
+    # Exact directory names keep membership case-sensitive everywhere
+    # (an is_dir() probe would match "wire" on macOS/Windows and build
+    # the bundled Wire twice)
+    libraries_dir = framework_path / "libraries"
+    if not libraries_dir.is_dir():
+        # A registry fallback would fail later with a misleading
+        # package-not-found error per bundled name
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"{libraries_dir} is missing; the framework install may be "
+            "incomplete (run 'esphome clean-all')"
+        )
+    bundled_dir_names = frozenset(p.name for p in libraries_dir.iterdir() if p.is_dir())
+
+    def _provided(name: object) -> bool:
+        return _is_safe_library_name(name) and name in bundled_dir_names
+
+    for library in CORE.platformio_libraries.values():
+        if is_lib_ignored(library.name, lib_ignore):
+            continue
+        # Bundled only for a bare name with a matching framework dir; pinned
+        # or unmatched names resolve from the registry, as under PlatformIO.
+        if not library.repository and not library.version and _provided(library.name):
+            # Bundled manifest deps are not walked; _bundled_library warns
+            bundled.append(_bundled_library(framework_path, library.name))
+        else:
+            external.append(library)
+
+    converted: list[ArduinoLibrary] = []
+    bundled_names = {lib.name for lib in bundled}
+    converted_manifest_names: set[str] = set()
+    # Bundled candidates skipped on purpose (platform filter); the
+    # provides() reconciliation must count them as satisfied
+    knowingly_skipped: set[str] = set()
+    # Dependency names of the manifests actually emitted; a walk recording
+    # for a since-re-resolved manifest must not fail the reconciliation
+    final_dep_names: set[str] = set()
+    # Ordered set of bundled dependency names to add once conversion is done
+    pending_bundled: dict[str, None] = {}
+    # Deps matching a separately-requested external are already in the build
+    # (a duplicate archive means duplicate-symbol link errors)
+    external_short_names = {
+        _external_short_name(lib.name) for lib in external if lib.name
+    }
+
+    def _add_bundled_dependencies(component: ConvertedLibrary) -> None:
+        # A version-less bare name ("Hash") is a core-bundled library the
+        # shared converter cannot resolve from the registry
+        for dep in normalize_dependencies(
+            component.data.get("dependencies"), component.name
+        ):
+            # normalize_dependencies guarantees a non-empty str name
+            name = dep["name"]
+            final_dep_names.add(name)
+            if "/" in name:
+                owner, _, pkg = name.partition("/")
+                if _is_safe_library_name(owner) and _is_safe_library_name(pkg):
+                    # Owner-qualified; the converter resolves it from the registry
+                    continue
+            if not _is_safe_library_name(name):
+                # The name becomes a path component; never join a traversal
+                _LOGGER.warning(
+                    "Ignoring malformed dependency entry %r of library %s",
+                    dep,
+                    component.name,
+                )
+                continue
+            if name in external_short_names:
+                if _provided(name):
+                    # A bundled copy is suppressed; a coincidental name
+                    # collision would surface as link errors
+                    _LOGGER.warning(
+                        "Dependency %s of %s is assumed satisfied by a "
+                        "requested external library; the bundled copy is "
+                        "not added",
+                        name,
+                        component.name,
+                    )
+                else:
+                    _LOGGER.debug(
+                        "Dependency %s of %s assumed satisfied by a requested "
+                        "external library",
+                        name,
+                        component.name,
+                    )
+                continue
+            if name in bundled_names or is_lib_ignored(name, lib_ignore):
+                continue
+            if _url_or_none(dep.get("version")) is not None:
+                # A URL names one specific source; never add the bundled copy
+                continue
+            if dep.get("owner") or not _provided(name):
+                # Only owner-less framework-tree names take the bundled
+                # copy (PIO's process_dependencies); the walk reports drops
+                continue
+            try:
+                # framework=None: the walk already warned for non-platform
+                # causes; debug keeps one fault from warning twice (pinned
+                # by test_nonplatform_rejection_warns_once_through_real_converter)
+                check_library_data(dep, pio_platform, None)
+            except IncompatiblePlatform as err:
+                # A knowing skip (platform filter), not a broken promise
+                knowingly_skipped.add(name)
+                _LOGGER.debug("Skip bundled candidate %s: %s", name, err)
+                continue
+            except InvalidLibrary as err:
+                # Malformed manifest data never counts as satisfied; the
+                # walk owns the warning (see the warns-once test above)
+                _LOGGER.debug("Skip malformed bundled candidate %s: %s", name, err)
+                continue
+            # Deferred: a later manifest name may satisfy this
+            pending_bundled.setdefault(name)
+
+    def _emit(component: ConvertedLibrary) -> None:
+        apply_extra_script(
+            component, board_mcu=lambda: board_mcu, pio_platform=pio_platform
+        )
+        _assert_tree_has_code(
+            component.get_require_name(),
+            component.source_dir,
+            "the download may be incomplete (run 'esphome clean-all')",
+        )
+        if isinstance(manifest_name := component.data.get("name"), str):
+            converted_manifest_names.add(manifest_name)
+        lib = _library_info(
+            component.get_require_name(), component.source_dir, component.data
+        )
+        # Extra-script LINKFLAGS travel outside build.flags; dropping
+        # them would link wrong with no stated cause
+        lib.link_flags.extend(
+            component.data.get(ESPHOME_DATA_KEY, {}).get(
+                ESPHOME_DATA_LINK_FLAGS_KEY, []
+            )
+        )
+        converted.append(lib)
+        _add_bundled_dependencies(component)
+
+    backend = LibraryBackend(
+        platform=pio_platform,
+        framework="arduino",
+        emit=_emit,
+        cache_key=cache_key,
+        # The walk must not resolve bundled names from the registry;
+        # _add_bundled_dependencies adds them after emit
+        provides=_provided,
+    )
+    if external:
+        convert_libraries(external, backend)
+    for name in pending_bundled:
+        if name in converted_manifest_names:
+            # The converted library is this one; the bundled copy would
+            # double the archive. Warn like the external_short_names twin.
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Dependency %s is assumed satisfied by a converted library's "
+                "manifest name; the bundled copy is not added",
+                name,
+            )
+            continue
+        bundled_names.add(name)
+        bundled.append(_bundled_library(framework_path, name))
+
+    _check_unfulfilled_provides(
+        backend.provided_requests,
+        bundled_names
+        | converted_manifest_names
+        | external_short_names
+        | knowingly_skipped,
+        final_dep_names,
+    )
+
+    return bundled + converted

esphome/arduino8266/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+"""Native (PlatformIO-free) build support for the ESP8266 Arduino core.
+
+This package downloads the Arduino ESP8266 core and the xtensa-lx106
+toolchain, generates a ninja build for them plus the ESPHome sources, and
+drives the build directly — the ESP8266 equivalent of ``esphome.espidf``.
+
+Deliberately importable without the esp8266 component to avoid circular
+imports; the component wires these modules in via lazy imports.
+"""

esphome/arduino8266/framework.py

@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+"""Download and install the Arduino ESP8266 core, toolchain, and ninja.
+
+Artifacts land in a machine-global cache (shared across projects, like the
+ESP-IDF install in ``esphome.espidf.framework``):
+
+    <cache>/arduino8266/frameworks/<version>/   framework-arduinoespressif8266
+    <cache>/arduino8266/toolchains/<version>/   toolchain-xtensa (gcc 10.3)
+
+Packages come from the PlatformIO registry (identical bits to the PlatformIO
+backend); ``ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_*_MIRRORS`` overrides the URLs. ninja comes
+from PATH or the ninja PyPI wheel.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import NamedTuple
+
+from esphome.build_helpers.ccache import ccache_defaults_env
+from esphome.build_helpers.ninja import find_ninja
+from esphome.build_helpers.tools_cache import ARDUINO8266_TOOLS_CACHE, tools_cache_path
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError, Version
+from esphome.framework_helpers import str_to_lst_of_str
+from esphome.platformio.registry import install_package, prefetch_packages
+
+FRAMEWORK_PACKAGE = "framework-arduinoespressif8266"
+TOOLCHAIN_PACKAGE = "toolchain-xtensa"
+# gcc 10.3, the toolchain Arduino core 3.x builds with; the build
+# generator's compile flags are tuned to it.
+TOOLCHAIN_VERSION = "2.100300.220621"
+
+ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_FRAMEWORK_MIRRORS = str_to_lst_of_str(
+    os.environ.get("ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_FRAMEWORK_MIRRORS", "")
+)
+ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_TOOLCHAIN_MIRRORS = str_to_lst_of_str(
+    os.environ.get("ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_TOOLCHAIN_MIRRORS", "")
+)
+
+
+def get_arduino8266_tools_path() -> Path:
+    # Machine-global so all projects share one install; see
+    # espidf.framework.get_idf_tools_path for the location rationale.
+    return tools_cache_path(*ARDUINO8266_TOOLS_CACHE)
+
+
+# 3.1.1 rather than 3.1.0: the registry has no package for 3.1.0, and the
+# encoder below cannot name 3.0.0/3.0.1 either (see its docstring)
+MIN_FRAMEWORK_VERSION = Version(3, 1, 1)
+
+
+def framework_package_version(ver: Version) -> str:
+    """Map an Arduino core version to its registry package version (3.1.2 ->
+    3.30102.0; the leading 3 is the package major).
+
+    Exact registry names only for cores > 2.6.2 and >= 3.0.2; callers floor
+    at MIN_FRAMEWORK_VERSION.
+    """
+    if ver.major > 3:
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"Arduino core {ver} is not supported yet; "
+            "the newest known core series is 3.x"
+        )
+    if ver <= Version(2, 6, 2):
+        # Cores <= 2.6.2 use the older 1.x/2.x package-major encodings (same
+        # boundary as _format_framework_arduino_version's era guard)
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"Arduino core {ver} uses an older package encoding than this "
+            "helper implements (newer than 2.6.2)"
+        )
+    return f"3.{ver.major}{ver.minor:02d}{ver.patch:02d}.0"
+
+
+def get_framework_path(package_version: str) -> Path:
+    return get_arduino8266_tools_path() / "frameworks" / package_version
+
+
+def get_toolchain_path() -> Path:
+    return get_arduino8266_tools_path() / "toolchains" / TOOLCHAIN_VERSION
+
+
+class InstalledPaths(NamedTuple):
+    """Locations of the installed framework, toolchain, and ninja binary."""
+
+    framework: Path
+    toolchain: Path
+    ninja: Path
+
+
+def check_and_install(framework_version: Version) -> InstalledPaths:
+    """Ensure framework, toolchain, and ninja are installed; return their paths."""
+    if framework_version < MIN_FRAMEWORK_VERSION:
+        # Config validation enforces this too; keep the module honest when
+        # called directly.
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"The native toolchain requires the Arduino core "
+            f">= {MIN_FRAMEWORK_VERSION}, got {framework_version}"
+        )
+    # Probe the cheap local dependency before ~110 MB of downloads
+    ninja_path = find_ninja()
+    package_version = framework_package_version(framework_version)
+    framework_path = get_framework_path(package_version)
+    downloads_dir = get_arduino8266_tools_path() / "downloads"
+    toolchain_path = get_toolchain_path()
+    # One spec per package: the prefetch and the installs must agree
+    specs = (
+        (
+            FRAMEWORK_PACKAGE,
+            package_version,
+            framework_path,
+            ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_FRAMEWORK_MIRRORS,
+            ("cores/esp8266", "tools/sdk", "libraries"),
+        ),
+        (
+            TOOLCHAIN_PACKAGE,
+            TOOLCHAIN_VERSION,
+            toolchain_path,
+            ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_TOOLCHAIN_MIRRORS,
+            # xtensa-lx106-elf pins the target: every gcc package has a bin/
+            ("bin", "xtensa-lx106-elf"),
+        ),
+    )
+    # Fetch both archives at once; the installs below verify and extract
+    prefetch_packages([spec[:4] for spec in specs], downloads_dir)
+    for name, version, dest, mirrors, expect in specs:
+        install_package(name, version, dest, mirrors, downloads_dir, expect=expect)
+    return InstalledPaths(
+        framework=framework_path, toolchain=toolchain_path, ninja=ninja_path
+    )
+
+
+def toolchain_tool(toolchain_path: Path, name: str) -> Path:
+    """Path to one toolchain tool (gcc, g++, ar, size, addr2line, ...).
+
+    The single owner of the ``bin/xtensa-lx106-elf-<name>`` layout and the
+    Windows suffix, so a toolchain package bump touches one spot.
+    """
+    suffix = ".exe" if os.name == "nt" else ""
+    return toolchain_path / "bin" / f"xtensa-lx106-elf-{name}{suffix}"
+
+
+def get_build_env(toolchain_path: Path, ccache: str | None) -> dict[str, str]:
+    env = os.environ.copy()
+    # Drop empty entries: a trailing separator from an absent PATH would
+    # make the shell search the current directory for tools
+    parts = [
+        str(toolchain_path / "bin"),
+        *filter(None, env.get("PATH", "").split(os.pathsep)),
+    ]
+    env["PATH"] = os.pathsep.join(parts)
+    env.update(ccache_env(ccache))
+    return env
+
+
+def ccache_env(ccache: str | None) -> dict[str, str]:
+    """Return ccache settings for the build subprocess (not os.environ).
+
+    ``ccache`` is the pre-resolved binary (resolve_ccache_path), or None
+    when disabled. Values the user already set in the environment are
+    respected.
+    """
+    if ccache is None:
+        return {}
+    return ccache_defaults_env(get_arduino8266_tools_path() / "ccache")

esphome/build_gen/build_tool.py

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+"""Tiny cross-platform build steps invoked from the generated ninja file.
+
+Plain script (not ``python -m``): it runs from ninja with whatever Python
+started esphome and must not depend on the package being importable.
+
+Subcommands:
+    ar <ar-binary> <archive> <rspfile>   remove stale archive, then ``ar rcs``
+    copy <src> <dst>                     copy a file
+
+The ar rspfile carries one object path per line (the generating rule must
+use ``$in_newline``, never ``$in``).
+"""
+
+from pathlib import Path
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sys
+
+
+def _read_rspfile(rspfile: str) -> list[str]:
+    r"""The object paths listed in ``rspfile``, unquoted.
+
+    GNU ar treats backslashes in response files as escapes (corrupts
+    Windows paths), so the caller expands the list into argv; strip the
+    simple surrounding quote ninja adds to special paths, then undo
+    ninja's POSIX escape for an embedded quote ('a'\\''b.o' -> a'b.o).
+    """
+    return [
+        line[1:-1].replace("'\\''", "'")
+        if len(line) >= 2 and line[0] == line[-1] and line[0] in "'\""
+        else line
+        for line in Path(rspfile).read_text(encoding="utf-8").splitlines()
+        if line
+    ]
+
+
+def _run_ar(ar: str, archive: str, rspfile: str) -> int:
+    # Remove first: ``ar rcs`` replaces members but never drops ones whose
+    # source was removed from the build, which would leak stale objects.
+    Path(archive).unlink(missing_ok=True)
+    objects = _read_rspfile(rspfile)
+    if not objects:
+        # An empty archive would "succeed" here and fail far away at link
+        print(f"ar: no objects listed in {rspfile} for {archive}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 1
+    # Batch by argv length: expanding the rspfile gives back the Windows
+    # 32767-char command-line limit it existed to avoid. "rcs" creates,
+    # "qs" appends; the s keeps the symbol index explicit on every ar.
+    op = "rcs"
+    ok = False
+    try:
+        while objects:
+            batch = [objects.pop(0)]
+            batch_len = len(batch[0])
+            while objects and batch_len + len(objects[0]) < 25000:
+                batch_len += len(objects[0]) + 1
+                batch.append(objects.pop(0))
+            rc = subprocess.run(
+                [ar, op, archive, *batch], check=False, close_fds=False
+            ).returncode
+            if rc != 0:
+                return rc
+            op = "qs"
+        ok = True
+        return 0
+    finally:
+        if not ok:
+            # Any failure (bad exit, missing ar binary, interrupt) must not
+            # leave a truncated archive behind
+            Path(archive).unlink(missing_ok=True)
+
+
+def _run_copy(src: str, dst: str) -> int:
+    try:
+        shutil.copyfile(src, dst)
+    except OSError as err:
+        # Never leave a partially written output (e.g. a firmware image);
+        # SameFileError means dst IS src, where unlinking destroys the input
+        if not isinstance(err, shutil.SameFileError):
+            Path(dst).unlink(missing_ok=True)
+        print(f"copy: {src} -> {dst} failed: {err}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 1
+    return 0
+
+
+# mode -> (handler, expected operand count); surplus argv means a
+# mis-specified ninja rule and must error, not silently drop operands
+_MODES = {"ar": (_run_ar, 3), "copy": (_run_copy, 2)}
+
+
+def main() -> int:
+    mode = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else ""
+    if entry := _MODES.get(mode):
+        handler, argc = entry
+        args = sys.argv[2:]
+        if len(args) != argc:
+            print(
+                f"build_tool {mode}: expected {argc} arguments, got {len(args)}",
+                file=sys.stderr,
+            )
+            return 1
+        return handler(*args)
+    print(f"unknown build_tool mode: {mode}", file=sys.stderr)
+    return 1
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
+    sys.exit(main())

esphome/build_gen/espidf.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """ESP-IDF direct build generator for ESPHome."""
 
 import json
+import logging
 from pathlib import Path
 
 from esphome.components.esp32 import (
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.components.esp32 import (
 )
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.espidf import variant_to_idf_target
 from esphome.framework_helpers import (
     get_project_compile_flags,
     get_project_cxx_compile_flags,
@@ -18,6 +20,8 @@ from esphome.framework_helpers import (
 )
 from esphome.helpers import mkdir_p, write_file_if_changed
 
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 # Replaces the IDF default C++ standard (-std=gnu++2b appended to
 # CXX_COMPILE_OPTIONS by project.cmake's __build_init) with the one set via
 # cg.set_cpp_standard(). Emitted between include(project.cmake) and project(),
@@ -31,11 +35,12 @@ idf_build_set_property(CXX_COMPILE_OPTIONS "${{esphome_cxx_compile_options}}")""
 
 
 def get_available_components() -> list[str] | None:
-    """Get list of built-in ESP-IDF components from project_description.json.
+    """List the built-in ESP-IDF components from ``project_description.json``.
 
-    Excludes ``src``, IDF-managed components (``managed_components/``), and
-    converted PIO libs (``pio_components/``). Returns ``None`` if the build
-    dir or ``project_description.json`` isn't ready yet.
+    Only components below its ``idf_path/components`` count, which leaves out
+    ``src``, IDF-managed components, converted PIO libs and project local
+    ones such as the Arduino ``component_stubs``. Returns ``None`` if the
+    build dir or ``project_description.json`` isn't ready yet.
     """
     if CORE.build_path is None:
         return None
@@ -46,30 +51,24 @@ def get_available_components() -> list[str] | None:
     try:
         with project_desc.open(encoding="utf-8") as f:
             data = json.load(f)
-
-        component_info = data.get("build_component_info", {})
-
-        result = []
-        for name, info in component_info.items():
-            # Exclude our own src component
-            if name == "src":
-                continue
-
-            # Exclude IDF-managed and converted-PIO components (external).
-            comp_dir = info.get("dir", "")
-            if "managed_components" in comp_dir or "pio_components" in comp_dir:
-                continue
-
-            result.append(name)
-
-        return result
-    except (json.JSONDecodeError, OSError):
+        root = (Path(data["idf_path"]) / "components").resolve()
+        result = [
+            name
+            for name, info in data.get("build_component_info", {}).items()
+            if (comp_dir := info.get("dir"))
+            and Path(comp_dir).resolve().is_relative_to(root)
+        ]
+    except (json.JSONDecodeError, KeyError, OSError) as err:
+        _LOGGER.debug("Could not read %s: %s", project_desc, err)
         return None
+    if not result:
+        _LOGGER.warning("No ESP-IDF components found under %s", root)
+    return result
 
 
 def has_discovered_components() -> bool:
-    """Check if we have discovered components from a previous configure."""
-    return get_available_components() is not None
+    """Check if a previous configure discovered any built-in components."""
+    return bool(get_available_components())
 
 
 def _cmake_quote(value: str) -> str:
@@ -79,15 +78,17 @@ def _cmake_quote(value: str) -> str:
     return f'"{escaped}"'
 
 
-def get_project_cmakelists(minimal: bool = False) -> str:
+def get_project_cmakelists(
+    minimal: bool = False, builtin_components: list[str] | None = None
+) -> str:
     """Generate the top-level CMakeLists.txt for ESP-IDF project.
 
     When ``minimal`` is true, omit ``ESPHOME_PROJECT_BUILTIN_COMPONENTS``
     since ``project_description.json`` may be stale on the first write.
+    ``builtin_components`` supplies the discovered list (from the cache)
+    instead of reading it from ``project_description.json``.
     """
-    # Get IDF target from ESP32 variant (e.g., ESP32S3 -> esp32s3)
-    variant = get_esp32_variant()
-    idf_target = variant.lower().replace("-", "")
+    idf_target = variant_to_idf_target(get_esp32_variant())
 
     # esp_idf_size 2.x (bundled with IDF >=6.0) made NG the default and
     # removed the --ng flag; on 1.x (IDF 5.5) --ng is required to get
@@ -162,9 +163,11 @@ def get_project_cmakelists(minimal: bool = False) -> str:
         else "\n".join(
             f"idf_build_set_property(ESPHOME_PROJECT_BUILTIN_COMPONENTS {name} APPEND)"
             for name in sorted(
-                set(get_available_components() or []).difference(
-                    CORE.cmake_args.get("EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS", "").split(";")
-                )
+                set(
+                    builtin_components
+                    if builtin_components is not None
+                    else get_available_components() or []
+                ).difference(CORE.cmake_args.get("EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS", "").split(";"))
             )
         )
     )
@@ -279,7 +282,9 @@ target_link_options(${{COMPONENT_LIB}} PUBLIC
 """
 
 
-def write_project(minimal: bool = False) -> None:
+def write_project(
+    minimal: bool = False, builtin_components: list[str] | None = None
+) -> None:
     """Write ESP-IDF project files."""
     mkdir_p(CORE.build_path)
     mkdir_p(CORE.relative_src_path())
@@ -287,7 +292,7 @@ def write_project(minimal: bool = False) -> None:
     # Write top-level CMakeLists.txt
     write_file_if_changed(
         CORE.relative_build_path("CMakeLists.txt"),
-        get_project_cmakelists(minimal=minimal),
+        get_project_cmakelists(minimal=minimal, builtin_components=builtin_components),
     )
 
     # Write component CMakeLists.txt in src/

esphome/build_helpers/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+"""Build helpers shared by the native (non-PlatformIO) toolchains."""

esphome/build_helpers/ccache.py

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+"""Shared ccache policy for build backends: env-knob parsing, binary
+resolution, and default ``CCACHE_*`` values."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from esphome.framework_helpers import strip_win_long_path_prefix, tool_version_runs
+from esphome.helpers import FALSY_ENV_STRINGS, TRUTHY_ENV_STRINGS
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _ccache_runs(ccache: str) -> bool:
+    """Return True when the ``ccache`` found on PATH actually runs."""
+    return tool_version_runs(
+        ccache,
+        "Ignoring ccache at %s because it failed to run; compiling without ccache",
+    )
+
+
+def parse_enable_env(name: str) -> bool | None:
+    """Strictly parse an on/off environment knob; None when unset or invalid.
+
+    ``bool(str)`` truthiness would flip ``no``/``off`` to enabled, so only
+    1/true/yes/on and 0/false/no/off count; anything else warns and reads
+    as unset so the caller's default policy applies.
+    """
+    raw = os.environ.get(name)
+    if raw is None:
+        return None
+    lowered = raw.strip().lower()
+    if not lowered:
+        # ENV KNOB= (Docker/CI) has always read as a disable
+        return False
+    if lowered in TRUTHY_ENV_STRINGS:
+        return True
+    if lowered in FALSY_ENV_STRINGS:
+        return False
+    _LOGGER.warning("Ignoring unrecognized %s=%r; use 1 or 0", name, raw)
+    return None
+
+
+def resolve_ccache_path() -> str | None:
+    """The ccache binary to wrap compiles with, or None when disabled.
+
+    An explicit ``ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE=1`` skips the runnability probe; the
+    Windows extended-length prefix is stripped before probing (#18399).
+    """
+    import shutil
+
+    explicit = parse_enable_env("ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE")
+    if explicit is False:
+        return None
+    ccache = shutil.which("ccache")
+    if ccache is None:
+        if explicit:
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE is set but no ccache binary is on PATH; "
+                "compiling without ccache"
+            )
+        return None
+    ccache = strip_win_long_path_prefix(ccache)
+    if not explicit and not _ccache_runs(ccache):
+        return None
+    return ccache
+
+
+def ccache_defaults_env(cache_dir: Path) -> dict[str, str]:
+    """Default ``CCACHE_*`` values for a build subprocess (not os.environ).
+
+    Values the user already set in the environment are respected. Depend
+    mode is on: both native backends emit depfiles (-MMD / CMake), which
+    keeps cache-miss overhead low.
+    """
+    from esphome.core import CORE
+
+    # An unset build_path means the env was built before preload; fail loudly
+    # rather than silently drop CCACHE_BASEDIR.
+    if CORE.build_path is None:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "CORE.build_path must be set before constructing the build environment"
+        )
+    defaults = {
+        "CCACHE_DIR": str(cache_dir),
+        "CCACHE_NOHASHDIR": "true",
+        "CCACHE_DEPEND": "1",
+        "CCACHE_BASEDIR": str(Path(CORE.build_path).resolve()),
+    }
+    return {k: v for k, v in defaults.items() if k not in os.environ}

esphome/build_helpers/idedata.py

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-"""Derive idedata from an ESP-IDF native-toolchain ``compile_commands.json``.
+"""Derive idedata from a native (non-PlatformIO) build's ``compile_commands.json``.
 
-PlatformIO exposes a curated ``pio run -t idedata`` JSON; the native ESP-IDF
-toolchain has no such command, but its CMake build emits
-``build/compile_commands.json`` (CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS). This module
-turns that file into the same fields consumers (IDE integration, clang-tidy)
-expect:
+PlatformIO exposes a curated ``pio run -t idedata`` JSON; the native
+toolchains have no such command, but each build produces a
+``compile_commands.json`` (CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS for ESP-IDF, ninja's
+compdb tool otherwise). This module turns that file into the same fields
+consumers (IDE integration, clang-tidy) expect:
 
     {cc_path, cxx_path, cxx_flags, defines, includes: {build, toolchain}}
 """
@@ -18,6 +18,19 @@ from pathlib import Path
 import shlex
 import subprocess
 
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+from esphome.helpers import write_file
+
+# Everything idedata generation may raise after a successful link; idedata
+# is a bonus artifact, so consumers warn instead of failing the build
+IDEDATA_BEST_EFFORT_ERRORS = (
+    EsphomeError,
+    LookupError,
+    OSError,
+    RuntimeError,
+    ValueError,
+)
+
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 # C++ translation-unit suffixes used to identify ESPHome source files.
@@ -30,12 +43,8 @@ _ESPHOME_SRC_MARKER = "/src/esphome/"
 
 
 def _is_esphome_src(file: str) -> bool:
-    """Whether ``file`` is an ESPHome C++ translation unit.
-
-    ``compile_commands.json`` ``file`` paths use the OS-native separator, so on
-    Windows they contain backslashes; normalize to ``/`` before testing the
-    marker, otherwise no source matches and the build-include union is empty.
-    """
+    """Whether ``file`` is an ESPHome C++ translation unit; normalized to
+    ``/`` first since Windows compile DBs use backslashes."""
     return _ESPHOME_SRC_MARKER in file.replace("\\", "/") and file.endswith(
         _CXX_SUFFIXES
     )
@@ -106,11 +115,8 @@ def _expand_response_files(tokens: list[str], directory: Path) -> list[str]:
 
 
 def _pick_entry(entries: list[dict]) -> dict:
-    """Pick a representative ESPHome C++ translation unit.
-
-    All ESPHome sources share the same component flags/defines, so any one of
-    them yields the cxx_path / cxx_flags / defines we need.
-    """
+    """Pick a representative ESPHome C++ TU; all share the same component
+    flags/defines."""
     for entry in entries:
         if _is_esphome_src(entry["file"]):
             return entry
@@ -120,25 +126,46 @@ def _pick_entry(entries: list[dict]) -> dict:
     raise ValueError("no C++ translation unit found in compile_commands.json")
 
 
-def _parse_entry(entry: dict) -> tuple[str, list[str], list[str], list[str]]:
+# Compiler launchers that may prefix a compile command; a closed launcher
+# denylist beats enumerating compiler names, an open set.
+_LAUNCHER_STEMS = frozenset({"ccache", "sccache", "distcc", "icecc", "buildcache"})
+
+
+def _is_launcher(token: str) -> bool:
+    return Path(token).stem.lower() in _LAUNCHER_STEMS
+
+
+def parse_entry(
+    entry: dict, launcher: str | None = None
+) -> tuple[str, list[str], list[str], list[str]]:
     """Parse one compile_commands entry -> (cxx_path, defines, includes, cxx_flags)."""
     directory = Path(entry["directory"])
     tokens = _expand_response_files(_split_command(entry["command"]), directory)
 
     def _include(raw: str) -> str:
-        # Include paths in compile_commands are interpreted relative to the
-        # entry's ``directory`` (e.g. build-local ``-Iconfig``); resolve them
-        # so the cached idedata is usable regardless of the consumer's cwd.
-        # Emit forward slashes (``normpath`` yields ``\`` on Windows) so the
-        # paths match the absolute, already-forward-slash entries in the JSON.
+        # Resolve against the entry's ``directory`` so cached idedata works
+        # from any cwd; emit forward slashes to match the JSON's own entries
         raw = raw.strip()
         if raw and not Path(raw).is_absolute():
             raw = os.path.normpath(directory / raw)
         return raw.replace("\\", "/")
 
+    # A launcher-wrapped command ("ccache g++ ...") names the compiler second
+    if launcher is not None and tokens[:1] == [launcher]:
+        tokens = tokens[1:]
+    if not tokens:
+        # An empty command, or one that was only the launcher; fail by name
+        raise ValueError(f"empty compile command for {entry.get('file')}")
+    if _is_launcher(tokens[0]) and len(tokens) > 1 and not tokens[1].startswith("-"):
+        # Stale DB built with a launcher this run no longer configures; the
+        # real compiler is the next token
+        _LOGGER.warning("Stripping unconfigured launcher %s", tokens[0])
+        tokens = tokens[1:]
     # token0 is the compiler path; the rest of the command already uses forward
     # slashes on Windows, so normalize it too for a consistent idedata file.
     cxx_path = tokens[0].replace("\\", "/")
+    # Enforced here so no caller can record ccache as the compiler
+    reject_launcher_compiler(cxx_path)
     defines: list[str] = []
     includes: list[str] = []
     cxx_flags: list[str] = []
@@ -168,7 +195,7 @@ def _parse_entry(entry: dict) -> tuple[str, list[str], list[str], list[str]]:
     return cxx_path, defines, includes, cxx_flags
 
 
-def _get_toolchain_includes(cxx_path: str) -> list[str]:
+def get_toolchain_includes(cxx_path: str) -> list[str]:
     """Query the compiler for its builtin ``#include <...>`` search dirs."""
     result = subprocess.run(
         [cxx_path, "-E", "-x", "c++", "-", "-v"],
@@ -219,26 +246,128 @@ def _cc_path_from_cxx(cxx_path: str) -> str:
     return f"{stem}{suffix}"
 
 
-def idedata_from_build(compile_commands: Path) -> dict:
+def _cache_usable(cached: object) -> bool:
+    """Check a cached idedata dict against the guarantees of the write path.
+
+    Caches written by older versions predate the launcher rejection and the
+    include-union shape; serving one would bypass both. The dict check also
+    keeps "in" from substring-matching a bare JSON string.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(cached, dict) or "cc_path" not in cached:
+        return False
+    cxx_path = cached.get("cxx_path")
+    if not isinstance(cxx_path, str) or _is_launcher(cxx_path):
+        return False
+    includes = cached.get("includes")
+    return isinstance(includes, dict) and isinstance(includes.get("build"), list)
+
+
+def load_or_build_idedata(
+    compile_commands: Path,
+    elf_path: Path,
+    cache: Path,
+    launcher: str | None = None,
+) -> dict | None:
+    """Return idedata for a compile_commands.json build, cached on mtime.
+
+    Shared by the native ESP-IDF and ESP8266 Arduino toolchains. Returns None
+    when the compile DB doesn't exist yet (nothing was built). ``launcher``
+    is the compiler-launcher path (ccache) the build was generated with, if
+    any; commands in the compile DB are prefixed with it.
+    """
+    if not compile_commands.is_file():
+        _LOGGER.debug("No %s yet; skipping idedata generation", compile_commands)
+        return None
+
+    if cache.is_file() and cache.stat().st_mtime >= compile_commands.stat().st_mtime:
+        try:
+            cached = json.loads(cache.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+        except (ValueError, OSError) as err:
+            # A recurring cause (interrupted write, disk full) would otherwise
+            # look like unexplained slow builds
+            _LOGGER.warning("Discarding unreadable idedata cache %s: %s", cache, err)
+        else:
+            if _cache_usable(cached):
+                # Re-stamp so a relocated build dir cannot serve a stale ELF path
+                cached["prog_path"] = str(elf_path)
+                return cached
+            _LOGGER.debug("Regenerating idedata: cache %s fails validation", cache)
+
+    data = idedata_from_build(compile_commands, launcher)
+    data["prog_path"] = str(elf_path)
+    cache.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    # Atomic so a crash mid-write cannot leave a truncated cache
+    write_file(cache, json.dumps(data, indent=2) + "\n")
+    return data
+
+
+def reject_launcher_compiler(cxx_path: str) -> None:
+    """Reject a compile DB naming a launcher (ccache) as the compiler; it
+    must never be probed, cached, or consumed."""
+    if _is_launcher(cxx_path):
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"compile_commands.json names the launcher {cxx_path} as the "
+            "compiler; the compile database is unusable"
+        )
+
+
+def idedata_from_build(compile_commands: Path, launcher: str | None = None) -> dict:
     """Parse compile_commands.json into the idedata fields consumers expect.
 
-    A single ESP-IDF compile entry only carries its own component's REQUIRES
-    include set, but consumers (clang-tidy) analyze ESPHome headers that
-    transitively pull in other components. So take cxx_path / cxx_flags /
-    defines from a representative ESPHome TU, but union the include dirs across
-    all ESPHome TUs to get a project-wide superset (as PlatformIO's idedata
-    provides).
+    A single compile entry only carries the include set its own translation
+    unit was built with (per-component under ESP-IDF), but consumers
+    (clang-tidy) analyze ESPHome headers that transitively pull in other
+    components. So take cxx_path / cxx_flags / defines from a representative
+    ESPHome TU, but union the include dirs across all ESPHome TUs to get a
+    project-wide superset (as PlatformIO's idedata provides).
     """
     entries = json.loads(Path(compile_commands).read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
-    cxx_path, defines, _, cxx_flags = _parse_entry(_pick_entry(entries))
+    if not isinstance(entries, list) or not all(isinstance(e, dict) for e in entries):
+        # A TypeError here would escape IDEDATA_BEST_EFFORT_ERRORS
+        raise EsphomeError(f"{compile_commands} is not a compile-command list")
 
-    build_includes: dict[str, None] = {}
+    representative = _pick_entry(entries)
+    cxx_path, defines, rep_includes, cxx_flags = parse_entry(representative, launcher)
+
+    # Seed with the representative's includes so it is not parsed twice
+    has_esphome_tu = _is_esphome_src(representative["file"])
+    build_includes: dict[str, None] = dict.fromkeys(
+        rep_includes if has_esphome_tu else ()
+    )
+
+    def _shape(entry: dict) -> str:
+        # directory + command minus TU-specific paths: same shape means the
+        # same include set, so tokenize once per shape. Response-file
+        # commands never dedupe (the .rsp contents differ per object)
+        command = entry["command"]
+        directory = entry.get("directory", "")
+        if "@" in command:
+            return f"unique:{directory}|{entry.get('output') or command}"
+        stripped = command.replace(entry.get("file", ""), "").replace(
+            entry.get("output", ""), ""
+        )
+        return f"{directory}|{stripped}"
+
+    seen_shapes = {_shape(representative)}
     for entry in entries:
-        if not _is_esphome_src(entry["file"]):
+        if entry is representative or not _is_esphome_src(entry["file"]):
             continue
-        for inc in _parse_entry(entry)[2]:
+        has_esphome_tu = True
+        if (shape := _shape(entry)) in seen_shapes:
+            _LOGGER.debug("Include union: %s shares a command shape", entry["file"])
+            continue
+        seen_shapes.add(shape)
+        for inc in parse_entry(entry, launcher)[2]:
             build_includes.setdefault(inc, None)
 
+    if not has_esphome_tu:
+        # An arbitrary fallback TU breaks clang-tidy/IDE consumers, and a
+        # warning would be cached into permanence; call sites downgrade this
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"No ESPHome translation unit found in {compile_commands}; "
+            "refusing to cache unusable idedata"
+        )
+
     return {
         "cc_path": _cc_path_from_cxx(cxx_path),
         "cxx_path": cxx_path,
@@ -246,6 +375,6 @@ def idedata_from_build(compile_commands: Path) -> dict:
         "defines": defines,
         "includes": {
             "build": list(build_includes),
-            "toolchain": _get_toolchain_includes(cxx_path),
+            "toolchain": get_toolchain_includes(cxx_path),
         },
     }

esphome/build_helpers/ninja.py

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+"""Platform-neutral helpers for ninja-driven native builds."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import re
+import shutil
+
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+from esphome.framework_helpers import strip_win_long_path_prefix, tool_version_runs
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _ninja_runs(binary: str) -> bool:
+    """Whether the ninja found on PATH actually runs (see tool_version_runs)."""
+    return tool_version_runs(
+        binary,
+        "Ignoring ninja at %s because it failed to run; "
+        "falling back to the bundled wheel",
+    )
+
+
+def find_ninja() -> Path:
+    """Locate the ninja binary: a runnable PATH hit first, else the ninja
+    PyPI wheel."""
+    if binary := shutil.which("ninja"):
+        binary = strip_win_long_path_prefix(binary)
+        if _ninja_runs(binary):
+            return Path(binary)
+    import_error: ImportError | None = None
+    try:
+        import ninja
+    except ImportError as err:
+        import_error = err
+        wheel_binary = None
+    else:
+        wheel_binary = Path(ninja.BIN_DIR) / (
+            "ninja.exe" if os.name == "nt" else "ninja"
+        )
+    if wheel_binary is None or not wheel_binary.is_file():
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            "ninja not found on PATH or in the ninja package; reinstall the "
+            "esphome Python environment"
+        ) from import_error
+    return wheel_binary
+
+
+def escape(value: Path | str) -> str:
+    """Escape a path or token for a ninja file."""
+    return str(value).replace("$", "$$").replace(":", "$:").replace(" ", "$ ")
+
+
+def quote_arg(tok: str) -> str:
+    """Quote with the CreateProcess argv rule (as ``subprocess.list2cmdline``):
+    backslash runs double only before a quote. Windows-only; ``$`` must
+    already be doubled for ninja.
+    """
+    quoted = re.sub(r'(\\*)"', lambda m: m.group(1) * 2 + '\\"', tok)
+    quoted = re.sub(r"(\\+)\Z", lambda m: m.group(1) * 2, quoted)
+    return f'"{quoted}"'
+
+
+# Force-quote any token containing a character outside the shlex.quote-style
+# safe set: ninja hands POSIX commands to /bin/sh -c, so bare (, ;, <, *, `
+# and friends would be re-parsed as shell syntax.
+_NEEDS_QUOTE = re.compile(r"[^\w@%+=:,./-]")
+
+
+def shell_token(tok: str, force: bool = False) -> str:
+    """Re-quote a lexed token for the platform shell; ``force`` always quotes.
+
+    Single quotes on POSIX (/bin/sh), the argv rule on Windows
+    (CreateProcess). ``$`` is doubled first because ninja expands it before
+    the command reaches the shell.
+    """
+    tok = tok.replace("$", "$$")  # ninja would expand a bare $ to nothing
+    if not (force or not tok or _NEEDS_QUOTE.search(tok)):
+        return tok
+    # An empty token must become '' / "" or it vanishes from the argv
+    if os.name == "nt":
+        return quote_arg(tok)
+    # shlex.quote's rule; inlined because the $-doubled token must not be
+    # re-examined for safe characters
+    return "'" + tok.replace("'", "'\"'\"'") + "'"
+
+
+def quote_path(value: Path | str) -> str:
+    """Force-quote a path for the ninja command line (shell/CreateProcess)."""
+    return shell_token(str(value), force=True)

esphome/build_helpers/size_summary.py

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+"""The PlatformIO-format size bar shared by the native toolchains."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+
+def format_bar(used: int, total: int) -> str:
+    """Match PlatformIO's ``_format_availale_bytes`` (sic, pioupload.py) exactly."""
+    pct_raw = used / total if total else 0
+    blocks = 10
+    filled = min(int(round(blocks * pct_raw)), blocks)
+    progress = "=" * filled
+    return (
+        f"[{progress:<{blocks}}] {pct_raw: 6.1%} "
+        f"(used {used:d} bytes from {total:d} bytes)"
+    )
+
+
+def print_size_line(label: str, used: int, total: int) -> None:
+    """One PlatformIO-format summary line (``RAM``/``Flash``).
+
+    The label padding is part of the format: ``script/ci_memory_impact_extract.py``
+    matches these lines verbatim.
+    """
+    print(f"{label + ':':<7}{format_bar(used, total)}")

esphome/build_helpers/tools_cache.py

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+"""Machine-global tools cache location shared by the native backends."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+
+def tools_cache_path(env_var: str, subdir: str) -> Path:
+    """A backend's machine-global tools directory, with an env override.
+
+    A blank/whitespace override is treated as unset: ``Path("")`` resolves
+    to the CWD, which ``clean-all`` would then delete.
+    """
+    import platformdirs
+
+    from esphome.helpers import get_str_env
+
+    if prefix := get_str_env(env_var, "").strip():
+        # resolve(): symlinked prefixes otherwise trip idf.py's
+        # venv-mismatch warning on every build
+        return Path(prefix).expanduser().resolve()
+    # appauthor=False keeps the Windows path short (no vendor segment);
+    # deep IDF trees run into MAX_PATH otherwise
+    return (
+        Path(platformdirs.user_cache_dir("esphome", appauthor=False)) / subdir
+    ).resolve()
+
+
+# (env override, cache subdir) per native backend. writer.clean_all wipes
+# every entry via tools_cache_path, so listing a cache here is the single
+# step that registers it for removal; the backends' own path getters use
+# the same named pairs so the two cannot drift.
+IDF_TOOLS_CACHE = ("ESPHOME_ESP_IDF_PREFIX", "idf")
+SDK_NRF_TOOLS_CACHE = ("ESPHOME_SDK_NRF_PREFIX", "sdk-nrf")
+ARDUINO8266_TOOLS_CACHE = ("ESPHOME_ARDUINO8266_PREFIX", "arduino8266")
+TOOLS_CACHE_SPECS = (IDF_TOOLS_CACHE, SDK_NRF_TOOLS_CACHE, ARDUINO8266_TOOLS_CACHE)

esphome/codegen.py

@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ from esphome.cpp_types import (  # noqa: F401
     StringRef,
     arduino_json_ns,
     bool_,
+    char,
     const_char_ptr,
     double,
     esphome_ns,

esphome/compiled_config.py

@@ -100,6 +100,21 @@ def _refresh_sidecar() -> bool:
             )
             return False
         if old is not None and old.can_apply_to_core():
+            if (
+                old.toolchain is not None
+                and CORE.toolchain is not None
+                and old.toolchain != CORE.toolchain.value
+            ):
+                # Platforms normalize toolchain-sensitive keys differently;
+                # never cache a config validated under a different toolchain
+                # than the compile's
+                _LOGGER.debug(
+                    "Not caching: config validated with toolchain %r but the "
+                    "last compile used %r",
+                    CORE.toolchain.value,
+                    old.toolchain,
+                )
+                return False
             # Compile-written; nothing to refresh.
             return True
         if CORE.build_path is not None and CORE.build_path.exists():

esphome/components/adc/__init__.py

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.components.esp32 import (
     VARIANT_ESP32P4,
     VARIANT_ESP32S2,
     VARIANT_ESP32S3,
+    VARIANT_ESP32S31,
     get_esp32_variant,
 )
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -156,6 +157,17 @@ ESP32_VARIANT_ADC1_PIN_TO_CHANNEL = {
         9: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_8,
         10: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_9,
     },
+    # https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/blob/master/components/soc/esp32s31/include/soc/adc_channel.h
+    VARIANT_ESP32S31: {
+        42: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_0,
+        43: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_1,
+        44: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_2,
+        45: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_3,
+        46: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_4,
+        47: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_5,
+        48: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_6,
+        49: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_7,
+    },
 }
 
 # pin to adc2 channel mapping
@@ -225,6 +237,17 @@ ESP32_VARIANT_ADC2_PIN_TO_CHANNEL = {
         19: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_8,
         20: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_9,
     },
+    # https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/blob/master/components/soc/esp32s31/include/soc/adc_channel.h
+    VARIANT_ESP32S31: {
+        50: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_0,
+        51: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_1,
+        52: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_2,
+        53: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_3,
+        54: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_4,
+        55: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_5,
+        56: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_6,
+        57: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_7,
+    },
 }
 
 

esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_esp32.cpp

@@ -74,9 +74,7 @@ void ADCSensor::setup() {
   if (this->calibration_handle_ == nullptr) {
     adc_cali_handle_t handle = nullptr;
 
-#if USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6 || \
-    USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3
-    // RISC-V variants (except C2) and S3 use curve fitting calibration
+#if defined(ADC_CALI_SCHEME_CURVE_FITTING_SUPPORTED)
     adc_cali_curve_fitting_config_t cali_config = {};  // Zero initialize first
 #if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 3, 0)
     cali_config.chan = this->channel_;
@@ -94,7 +92,7 @@ void ADCSensor::setup() {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Curve fitting calibration failed with error %d, will use uncalibrated readings", err);
       this->setup_flags_.calibration_complete = false;
     }
-#else  // ESP32, ESP32-S2, and ESP32-C2 use line fitting calibration
+#elif defined(ADC_CALI_SCHEME_LINE_FITTING_SUPPORTED)
     adc_cali_line_fitting_config_t cali_config = {
       .unit_id = this->adc_unit_,
       .atten = this->attenuation_,
@@ -112,7 +110,11 @@ void ADCSensor::setup() {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Line fitting calibration failed with error %d, will use uncalibrated readings", err);
       this->setup_flags_.calibration_complete = false;
     }
-#endif  // ESP32C3 || ESP32C5 || ESP32C6 || ESP32C61 || ESP32H2 || ESP32P4 || ESP32S3
+#else   // No calibration scheme available
+    (void) handle;
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "No calibration scheme for this variant, readings are uncalibrated");
+    this->setup_flags_.calibration_complete = false;
+#endif
   }
 
   this->setup_flags_.init_complete = true;
@@ -121,23 +123,28 @@ void ADCSensor::setup() {
 void ADCSensor::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("", "ADC Sensor", this);
   LOG_PIN("  Pin: ", this->pin_);
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(
-      TAG,
-      "  Channel:       %d\n"
-      "  Unit:          %s\n"
-      "  Attenuation:   %s\n"
-      "  Samples:       %i\n"
-      "  Sampling mode: %s\n"
-      "  Setup Status:\n"
-      "    Handle Init:  %s\n"
-      "    Config:       %s\n"
-      "    Calibration:  %s\n"
-      "    Overall Init: %s",
-      this->channel_, LOG_STR_ARG(adc_unit_to_str(this->adc_unit_)),
-      this->autorange_ ? "Auto" : LOG_STR_ARG(attenuation_to_str(this->attenuation_)), this->sample_count_,
-      LOG_STR_ARG(sampling_mode_to_str(this->sampling_mode_)),
-      this->setup_flags_.handle_init_complete ? "OK" : "FAILED", this->setup_flags_.config_complete ? "OK" : "FAILED",
-      this->setup_flags_.calibration_complete ? "OK" : "FAILED", this->setup_flags_.init_complete ? "OK" : "FAILED");
+#if defined(ADC_CALI_SCHEME_CURVE_FITTING_SUPPORTED) || defined(ADC_CALI_SCHEME_LINE_FITTING_SUPPORTED)
+  const char *calibration_status = this->setup_flags_.calibration_complete ? "OK" : "FAILED";
+#else
+  const char *calibration_status = "N/A";  // This variant has no calibration scheme
+#endif
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "  Channel:       %d\n"
+                "  Unit:          %s\n"
+                "  Attenuation:   %s\n"
+                "  Samples:       %i\n"
+                "  Sampling mode: %s\n"
+                "  Setup Status:\n"
+                "    Handle Init:  %s\n"
+                "    Config:       %s\n"
+                "    Calibration:  %s\n"
+                "    Overall Init: %s",
+                this->channel_, LOG_STR_ARG(adc_unit_to_str(this->adc_unit_)),
+                this->autorange_ ? "Auto" : LOG_STR_ARG(attenuation_to_str(this->attenuation_)), this->sample_count_,
+                LOG_STR_ARG(sampling_mode_to_str(this->sampling_mode_)),
+                this->setup_flags_.handle_init_complete ? "OK" : "FAILED",
+                this->setup_flags_.config_complete ? "OK" : "FAILED", calibration_status,
+                this->setup_flags_.init_complete ? "OK" : "FAILED");
 
   LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
 }
@@ -184,12 +191,11 @@ float ADCSensor::sample_fixed_attenuation_() {
     } else {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "ADC calibration conversion failed with error %d, disabling calibration", err);
       if (this->calibration_handle_ != nullptr) {
-#if USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6 || \
-    USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3
+#if defined(ADC_CALI_SCHEME_CURVE_FITTING_SUPPORTED)
         adc_cali_delete_scheme_curve_fitting(this->calibration_handle_);
-#else   // Other ESP32 variants use line fitting calibration
+#elif defined(ADC_CALI_SCHEME_LINE_FITTING_SUPPORTED)
         adc_cali_delete_scheme_line_fitting(this->calibration_handle_);
-#endif  // ESP32C3 || ESP32C5 || ESP32C6 || ESP32C61 || ESP32H2 || ESP32P4 || ESP32S3
+#endif
         this->calibration_handle_ = nullptr;
       }
     }
@@ -217,10 +223,9 @@ float ADCSensor::sample_autorange_() {
     // Need to recalibrate for the new attenuation
     if (this->calibration_handle_ != nullptr) {
       // Delete old calibration handle
-#if USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6 || \
-    USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3
+#if defined(ADC_CALI_SCHEME_CURVE_FITTING_SUPPORTED)
       adc_cali_delete_scheme_curve_fitting(this->calibration_handle_);
-#else
+#elif defined(ADC_CALI_SCHEME_LINE_FITTING_SUPPORTED)
       adc_cali_delete_scheme_line_fitting(this->calibration_handle_);
 #endif
       this->calibration_handle_ = nullptr;
@@ -229,8 +234,7 @@ float ADCSensor::sample_autorange_() {
     // Create new calibration handle for this attenuation
     adc_cali_handle_t handle = nullptr;
 
-#if USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6 || \
-    USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3
+#if defined(ADC_CALI_SCHEME_CURVE_FITTING_SUPPORTED)
     adc_cali_curve_fitting_config_t cali_config = {};
 #if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 3, 0)
     cali_config.chan = this->channel_;
@@ -242,7 +246,7 @@ float ADCSensor::sample_autorange_() {
     err = adc_cali_create_scheme_curve_fitting(&cali_config, &handle);
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Autorange atten=%d: Calibration handle creation %s (err=%d)", atten,
               (err == ESP_OK) ? "SUCCESS" : "FAILED", err);
-#else
+#elif defined(ADC_CALI_SCHEME_LINE_FITTING_SUPPORTED)
     adc_cali_line_fitting_config_t cali_config = {
       .unit_id = this->adc_unit_,
       .atten = atten,
@@ -264,10 +268,9 @@ float ADCSensor::sample_autorange_() {
     if (err != ESP_OK) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "ADC read failed in autorange with error %d", err);
       if (handle != nullptr) {
-#if USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6 || \
-    USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3
+#if defined(ADC_CALI_SCHEME_CURVE_FITTING_SUPPORTED)
         adc_cali_delete_scheme_curve_fitting(handle);
-#else
+#elif defined(ADC_CALI_SCHEME_LINE_FITTING_SUPPORTED)
         adc_cali_delete_scheme_line_fitting(handle);
 #endif
       }
@@ -286,10 +289,9 @@ float ADCSensor::sample_autorange_() {
         ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Autorange atten=%d: UNCALIBRATED FALLBACK - raw=%d -> %.6fV (3.3V ref)", atten, raw, voltage);
       }
       // Clean up calibration handle
-#if USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6 || \
-    USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3
+#if defined(ADC_CALI_SCHEME_CURVE_FITTING_SUPPORTED)
       adc_cali_delete_scheme_curve_fitting(handle);
-#else
+#elif defined(ADC_CALI_SCHEME_LINE_FITTING_SUPPORTED)
       adc_cali_delete_scheme_line_fitting(handle);
 #endif
     } else {

esphome/components/adc/sensor.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import logging
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor, voltage_sampler
 from esphome.components.esp32 import (
+    VARIANT_ESP32S31,
     get_esp32_variant,
     include_builtin_idf_component,
     require_adc_oneshot_iram,
@@ -56,6 +57,14 @@ def validate_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if config[CONF_RAW] and config.get(CONF_ATTENUATION, None) == "auto":
         raise cv.Invalid("Automatic attenuation cannot be used when raw output is set")
 
+    # The S31 ADC supports a single attenuation level (SOC_ADC_ATTEN_NUM is 1)
+    if (
+        CORE.is_esp32
+        and get_esp32_variant() == VARIANT_ESP32S31
+        and config.get(CONF_ATTENUATION, "0db") != "0db"
+    ):
+        raise cv.Invalid("ESP32-S31 only supports 'attenuation: 0db'")
+
     if config.get(CONF_ATTENUATION, None) == "auto" and config.get(CONF_SAMPLES, 1) > 1:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             "Automatic attenuation cannot be used when multisampling is set"

esphome/components/alpha3/alpha3.cpp

@@ -162,8 +162,9 @@ void Alpha3::send_request_(uint8_t *request, size_t len) {
   auto status =
       esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->parent_->get_gattc_if(), this->parent_->get_conn_id(), this->geni_handle_, len,
                                request, ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
-  if (status)
+  if (status) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str(), status);
+  }
 }
 
 void Alpha3::update() {

esphome/components/api/__init__.py

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 import logging
+import re
 from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import automation
 from esphome.automation import Condition
 import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_DESCRIPTION
 from esphome.components.logger import request_log_listener
 
 # ENCRYPTION_SCHEMA and validate_encryption_key are re-exported for external
@@ -40,10 +42,12 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TAG,
     CONF_THEN,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
+    CONF_TYPE,
     CONF_VARIABLES,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, EsphomeError, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.helpers import fnv1_hash
 from esphome.types import ConfigFragmentType, ConfigType
 
 # Compat alias: downstream consumers (e.g. device-builder) referenced the
@@ -124,6 +128,7 @@ SERVICE_ARG_FALLBACK_TYPES: dict[str, MockObj] = {
 }
 CONF_BATCH_DELAY = "batch_delay"
 CONF_CUSTOM_SERVICES = "custom_services"
+CONF_EXAMPLE = "example"
 CONF_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES = "homeassistant_services"
 CONF_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES = "homeassistant_states"
 CONF_LISTEN_BACKLOG = "listen_backlog"
@@ -227,14 +232,30 @@ def _validate_supports_response(value: Any) -> str:
     return cv.enum(SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_OPTIONS, lower=True)(value)
 
 
+# ESP8266 copies every string of an action into a stack buffer sized by codegen; keep it small
+ESP8266_ACTION_STRINGS_MAX_TOTAL = 384
+
+VARIABLE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Required(CONF_TYPE): cv.one_of(*SERVICE_ARG_NATIVE_TYPES, lower=True),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_DESCRIPTION): cv.string_strict,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_EXAMPLE): cv.string_strict,
+    }
+)
+
+# Accepts the plain `name: type` shorthand or the full mapping form
+validate_variable = cv.maybe_simple_value(VARIABLE_SCHEMA, key=CONF_TYPE)
+
+
 ACTIONS_SCHEMA = automation.validate_automation(
     {
         cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(UserServiceTrigger),
         cv.Exclusive(CONF_SERVICE, group_of_exclusion=CONF_ACTION): cv.valid_name,
         cv.Exclusive(CONF_ACTION, group_of_exclusion=CONF_ACTION): cv.valid_name,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_DESCRIPTION): cv.string_strict,
         cv.Optional(CONF_VARIABLES, default={}): cv.Schema(
             {
-                cv.validate_id_name: cv.one_of(*SERVICE_ARG_NATIVE_TYPES, lower=True),
+                cv.validate_id_name: validate_variable,
             }
         ),
         # No default - auto-detected by _auto_detect_supports_response
@@ -351,6 +372,85 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
+def _has_action_metadata(actions: list[ConfigType]) -> bool:
+    # Empty strings count as unset, matching _action_strings
+    return any(
+        conf.get(CONF_DESCRIPTION)
+        or any(
+            var_.get(CONF_DESCRIPTION) or var_.get(CONF_EXAMPLE)
+            for var_ in conf[CONF_VARIABLES].values()
+        )
+        for conf in actions
+    )
+
+
+def _action_strings(conf: ConfigType, has_metadata: bool) -> list[str | None]:
+    """Strings of one action in the table order UserServiceStatic (user_services.h) expects."""
+    # An empty description or example is treated as unset
+    strings: list[str | None] = [conf[CONF_ACTION]]
+    if has_metadata:
+        strings.append(conf.get(CONF_DESCRIPTION) or None)
+    for name, var_ in conf[CONF_VARIABLES].items():
+        strings.append(name)
+        if has_metadata:
+            strings += [
+                var_.get(CONF_DESCRIPTION) or None,
+                var_.get(CONF_EXAMPLE) or None,
+            ]
+    return strings
+
+
+def _action_strings_size(strings: list[str | None]) -> int:
+    """Bytes needed to copy every string out of flash, each with its terminator."""
+    return sum(
+        len(string.encode("utf-8")) + 1 for string in strings if string is not None
+    )
+
+
+def _validate_esp8266_action_strings(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    if not CORE.is_esp8266:
+        return config
+    actions = config.get(CONF_ACTIONS, [])
+    has_metadata = _has_action_metadata(actions)
+    for conf in actions:
+        size = _action_strings_size(_action_strings(conf, has_metadata))
+        if size > ESP8266_ACTION_STRINGS_MAX_TOTAL:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Action '{conf[CONF_ACTION]}' has {size} bytes of name, variable name, "
+                f"description and example text; ESP8266 allows at most "
+                f"{ESP8266_ACTION_STRINGS_MAX_TOTAL} bytes per action"
+            )
+    return config
+
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _validate_esp8266_action_strings
+
+
+def _add_action_strings(
+    index: int, strings: list[str | None], interned: dict[str, MockObj]
+) -> MockObj:
+    """Emit the PROGMEM string table for one action.
+
+    Each string is its own PROGMEM array because on ESP8266 .rodata is RAM, and identical
+    strings are shared between actions through `interned`.
+    """
+    entries: list[MockObj] = []
+    for string in strings:
+        if string is None:
+            entries.append(cg.nullptr)
+            continue
+        if (var := interned.get(string)) is None:
+            var = interned[string] = cg.progmem_array(
+                ID(f"api_action_str{len(interned)}", is_declaration=True, type=cg.char),
+                string,
+            )
+        entries.append(var)
+    return cg.progmem_array(
+        ID(f"api_action{index}_strings", is_declaration=True, type=cg.const_char_ptr),
+        entries,
+    )
+
+
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.WEB)
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -370,8 +470,10 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_define("MAX_API_CONNECTIONS", config[CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS])
     cg.add_define("API_MAX_SEND_QUEUE", config[CONF_MAX_SEND_QUEUE])
 
+    actions = config.get(CONF_ACTIONS, [])
+    has_user_actions = bool(actions) or config[CONF_CUSTOM_SERVICES]
     # Set USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS if any services are enabled
-    if config.get(CONF_ACTIONS) or config[CONF_CUSTOM_SERVICES]:
+    if has_user_actions:
         cg.add_define("USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS")
 
     # Set USE_API_CUSTOM_SERVICES if external components need dynamic service registration
@@ -384,10 +486,17 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if config[CONF_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES]:
         cg.add_define("USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES")
 
-    if actions := config.get(CONF_ACTIONS, []):
+    scratch_size = 0
+    if actions:
+        # Metadata is compiled in for every action once any action declares it, because the
+        # string table layout is fixed by the define rather than per action
+        has_metadata = _has_action_metadata(actions)
+        if has_metadata:
+            cg.add_define("USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA")
+        interned_strings: dict[str, MockObj] = {}
         # Collect all triggers first, then register all at once with initializer_list
         triggers: list[cg.MockObj] = []
-        for conf in actions:
+        for index, conf in enumerate(actions):
             func_args: list[tuple[MockObj, str]] = []
             service_template_args: list[MockObj] = []  # User service argument types
 
@@ -420,22 +529,23 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
                 conf.get(CONF_THEN, [])
             )
 
-            service_arg_names: list[str] = []
             for name, var_ in conf[CONF_VARIABLES].items():
-                if has_non_synchronous and var_ in SERVICE_ARG_FALLBACK_TYPES:
-                    native = SERVICE_ARG_FALLBACK_TYPES[var_]
+                var_type = var_[CONF_TYPE]
+                if has_non_synchronous and var_type in SERVICE_ARG_FALLBACK_TYPES:
+                    native = SERVICE_ARG_FALLBACK_TYPES[var_type]
                 else:
-                    native = SERVICE_ARG_NATIVE_TYPES[var_]
+                    native = SERVICE_ARG_NATIVE_TYPES[var_type]
                 service_template_args.append(native)
                 func_args.append((native, name))
-                service_arg_names.append(name)
+            strings = _action_strings(conf, has_metadata)
+            table = _add_action_strings(index, strings, interned_strings)
+            if CORE.is_esp8266:
+                scratch_size = max(scratch_size, _action_strings_size(strings))
             # Template args: supports_response mode, then user service arg types
             templ = cg.TemplateArguments(supports_response, *service_template_args)
+            # Key is hashed here because the name is not readable at runtime on ESP8266
             trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(
-                conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID],
-                templ,
-                conf[CONF_ACTION],
-                service_arg_names,
+                conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], templ, table, fnv1_hash(conf[CONF_ACTION])
             )
             triggers.append(trigger)
             auto = await automation.build_automation(trigger, func_args, conf)
@@ -457,6 +567,9 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
                 cg.add(auto.add_actions([unregister_action]))
         # Register all services at once - single allocation, no reallocations
         cg.add(var.initialize_user_services(triggers))
+    if CORE.is_esp8266 and has_user_actions:
+        # Stack buffer that list-entities copies PROGMEM strings into, sized for the largest action
+        cg.add_define("API_USER_ACTION_STRINGS_SCRATCH_SIZE", max(scratch_size, 1))
 
     if CONF_ON_CLIENT_CONNECTED in config:
         cg.add_define("USE_API_CLIENT_CONNECTED_TRIGGER")
@@ -499,6 +612,40 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
 
 KEY_VALUE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema({cv.string: cv.templatable(cv.string_strict)})
 
+_ID_CALL_PROG = re.compile(r"\bid\s*\(")
+
+
+# Remove before 2027.3.0: untagged strings that look like lambda source keep
+# being compiled as lambdas during the deprecation window
+def _coerce_implicit_lambda(value: Any) -> Any:
+    if not isinstance(value, str):
+        return value
+    if cv.looks_like_returning_lambda(value):
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "[api] The 'variables' value '%s' looks like a lambda but is "
+            "missing the !lambda tag. It is compiled as a lambda for now but "
+            "will be sent as literal text from 2027.3.0. Add !lambda to keep "
+            "it evaluated; literal text belongs under 'data:'.",
+            value,
+        )
+        # cv.templatable runs returning_lambda on the coerced Lambda
+        return cv.lambda_(value)
+    if _ID_CALL_PROG.search(value):
+        # lambda source without a return: issue 5394's mistake class
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "[api] The 'variables' value '%s' is sent as literal text; wrap "
+            "it in !lambda 'return ...;' to evaluate it instead.",
+            value,
+        )
+    return value
+
+
+# Static strings or !lambda values. cv.templatable stays introspectable for
+# schema tooling; removing the shim leaves KEY_VALUE_SCHEMA.
+VARIABLES_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {cv.string: cv.All(_coerce_implicit_lambda, cv.templatable(cv.string_strict))}
+)
+
 
 def _validate_response_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     # Validate dependencies:
@@ -535,9 +682,7 @@ HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_DATA, default={}): KEY_VALUE_SCHEMA,
             cv.Optional(CONF_DATA_TEMPLATE, default={}): KEY_VALUE_SCHEMA,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_VARIABLES, default={}): cv.Schema(
-                {cv.string: cv.returning_lambda}
-            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_VARIABLES, default={}): VARIABLES_SCHEMA,
             cv.Optional(CONF_RESPONSE_TEMPLATE): cv.templatable(cv.string),
             cv.Optional(CONF_CAPTURE_RESPONSE, default=False): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_SUCCESS): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
@@ -598,6 +743,8 @@ async def homeassistant_service_to_code(
     cg.add(var.init_variables(len(config[CONF_VARIABLES])))
     for key, value in config[CONF_VARIABLES].items():
         templ = await cg.templatable(value, args, None)
+        if isinstance(templ, str):
+            templ = cg.FlashStringLiteral(templ)
         cg.add(var.add_variable(cg.FlashStringLiteral(key), templ))
 
     if on_error := config.get(CONF_ON_ERROR):
@@ -652,7 +799,7 @@ HOMEASSISTANT_EVENT_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
         cv.Required(CONF_EVENT): validate_homeassistant_event,
         cv.Optional(CONF_DATA, default={}): KEY_VALUE_SCHEMA,
         cv.Optional(CONF_DATA_TEMPLATE, default={}): KEY_VALUE_SCHEMA,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_VARIABLES, default={}): KEY_VALUE_SCHEMA,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_VARIABLES, default={}): VARIABLES_SCHEMA,
     }
 )
 
@@ -698,6 +845,8 @@ async def homeassistant_event_to_code(
     cg.add(var.init_variables(len(config[CONF_VARIABLES])))
     for key, value in config[CONF_VARIABLES].items():
         templ = await cg.templatable(value, args, None)
+        if isinstance(templ, str):
+            templ = cg.FlashStringLiteral(templ)
         cg.add(var.add_variable(cg.FlashStringLiteral(key), templ))
 
     return var

esphome/components/api/api.proto

@@ -232,6 +232,7 @@ enum SerialProxyPortType {
 message SerialProxyInfo {
   string name = 1;                    // Human-readable port name
   SerialProxyPortType port_type = 2;  // Port type (RS232, RS485)
+  uint32 configured_line_states = 3;  // Bitmask of SerialProxyLineStateFlags this instance can drive
 }
 
 // DeviceInfoResponse max_data_length values:
@@ -1033,6 +1034,8 @@ message ListEntitiesServicesArgument {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS";
   string name = 1;
   ServiceArgType type = 2;
+  string description = 3 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA"];
+  string example = 4 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA"];
 }
 message ListEntitiesServicesResponse {
   option (id) = 41;
@@ -1043,6 +1046,7 @@ message ListEntitiesServicesResponse {
   fixed32 key = 2 [(force) = true];
   repeated ListEntitiesServicesArgument args = 3 [(fixed_vector) = true];
   SupportsResponseType supports_response = 4;
+  string description = 5 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA"];
 }
 message ExecuteServiceArgument {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS";
@@ -1653,7 +1657,8 @@ message ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse {
   bool disabled_by_default = 6;
   EntityCategory entity_category = 7;
 
-  bool supports_pause = 8;
+  // Deprecated in ESPHome 2026.9.0; use feature_flags instead.
+  bool supports_pause = 8 [deprecated = true];
 
   repeated MediaPlayerSupportedFormat supported_formats = 9;
 
@@ -2626,6 +2631,22 @@ message ZWaveProxyRequest {
   bytes data = 2;
 }
 
+enum ZWaveProxyStatus {
+  ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_OK = 0;             // Request completed successfully
+  ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_IN_USE = 1;         // Denied: another client is already subscribed
+  ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED = 2;  // Request type not supported
+}
+
+// Acknowledges a ZWaveProxyRequest (subscribe/unsubscribe). Sent since API 1.16.
+message ZWaveProxyRequestResponse {
+  option (id) = 151;
+  option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_ZWAVE_PROXY";
+
+  ZWaveProxyRequestType type = 1;  // Which request type this responds to
+  ZWaveProxyStatus status = 2;     // Result status
+}
+
 // ==================== INFRARED ====================
 // Note: Feature and capability flag enums are defined in
 // esphome/components/infrared/infrared.h
@@ -2769,12 +2790,18 @@ message SerialProxyGetModemPinsResponse {
 
   uint32 instance = 1;          // Instance index (0-based)
   uint32 line_states = 2;       // Bitmask of SerialProxyLineStateFlags
+  SerialProxyStatus status = 3; // INVALID_ARGUMENT if the instance index is out of range (since API 1.16)
 }
 
 enum SerialProxyRequestType {
   SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SUBSCRIBE = 0;   // Subscribe to receive data from this serial proxy instance
   SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE = 1; // Unsubscribe from this serial proxy instance
   SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_FLUSH = 2;       // Flush the serial port (block until all TX data is sent)
+  // Values below are only valid in SerialProxyRequestResponse.type, identifying which
+  // operation is being acknowledged. Sending them in SerialProxyRequest.type is an
+  // error the device answers with INVALID_ARGUMENT.
+  SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_CONFIGURE = 3;      // Acknowledges a SerialProxyConfigureRequest
+  SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SET_MODEM_PINS = 4; // Acknowledges a SerialProxySetModemPinsRequest
 }
 
 enum SerialProxyStatus {
@@ -2783,6 +2810,8 @@ enum SerialProxyStatus {
   SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_ERROR = 2;           // Driver or hardware error
   SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_TIMEOUT = 3;         // Timed out before TX completed
   SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED = 4;   // Request type not supported by this instance
+  SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_PORT_IN_USE = 5;     // Denied: another client holds the port
+  SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT = 6; // Invalid instance index or parameter value
 }
 
 // Generic request message for simple serial proxy operations
@@ -2795,7 +2824,9 @@ message SerialProxyRequest {
   SerialProxyRequestType type = 2;      // Request type
 }
 
-// Response to a SerialProxyRequest (e.g. flush completion or failure)
+// Acknowledges a serial proxy operation; the type field identifies which
+// operation is being acknowledged. Flush has been acknowledged since the
+// message was introduced; all other acknowledgements are sent since API 1.16.
 message SerialProxyRequestResponse {
   option (id) = 147;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;

esphome/components/api/api_buffer.cpp

@@ -1,13 +1,20 @@
 #include "api_buffer.h"
+#include <new>
 
 namespace esphome::api {
 
-void APIBuffer::grow_(size_t n) {
-  auto new_data = make_buffer(n);
+bool APIBuffer::grow_(size_t n) {
+  // nothrow (no zero-fill) so OOM is reportable; plain new aborts instead
+  // (NEW_OOM_ABORT on ESP8266 Arduino, exception stub on ESP-IDF).
+  // RAMAllocator is no fit here: unique_ptr needs delete[]-compatible memory.
+  std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> new_data(new (std::nothrow) uint8_t[n]);
+  if (new_data == nullptr)
+    return false;
   if (this->size_)
     std::memcpy(new_data.get(), this->data_.get(), this->size_);
   this->data_ = std::move(new_data);
   this->capacity_ = n;
+  return true;
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::api

esphome/components/api/api_buffer.h

@@ -9,16 +9,6 @@
 
 namespace esphome::api {
 
-/// Helper to use make_unique_for_overwrite where available (skips zero-fill),
-/// falling back to make_unique on older GCC (ESP8266, LibreTiny).
-inline std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> make_buffer(size_t n) {
-#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
-  return std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(n);
-#else
-  return std::make_unique_for_overwrite<uint8_t[]>(n);
-#endif
-}
-
 /// Byte buffer that skips zero-initialization on resize().
 ///
 /// std::vector<uint8_t>::resize() zero-fills new bytes via memset. For the
@@ -36,23 +26,23 @@ inline std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> make_buffer(size_t n) {
 class APIBuffer {
  public:
   void clear() { this->size_ = 0; }
-  inline void reserve(size_t n) ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE {
-    if (n > this->capacity_)
-      this->grow_(n);
-  }
-  inline void resize(size_t n) ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE {
-    this->reserve(n);
-    this->size_ = n;  // no zero-fill
-  }
+  /// Returns false if allocation fails; the buffer is left unchanged.
+  [[nodiscard]] inline bool reserve(size_t n) ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE { return n <= this->capacity_ || this->grow_(n); }
+  /// Returns false if allocation fails; the buffer is left unchanged. No zero-fill.
+  [[nodiscard]] inline bool resize(size_t n) ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE { return this->reserve_and_resize(n, n); }
   /// Reserve capacity for max(reserve_size, new_size) bytes, then set size to new_size.
   /// Single grow_ check regardless of argument order.
-  inline void reserve_and_resize(size_t reserve_size, size_t new_size) ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE {
-    this->reserve(std::max(reserve_size, new_size));
+  /// Returns false if allocation fails; the buffer is left unchanged.
+  [[nodiscard]] inline bool reserve_and_resize(size_t reserve_size, size_t new_size) ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE {
+    if (!this->reserve(std::max(reserve_size, new_size)))
+      return false;
     this->size_ = new_size;
+    return true;
   }
   uint8_t *data() { return this->data_.get(); }
   const uint8_t *data() const { return this->data_.get(); }
   size_t size() const { return this->size_; }
+  size_t capacity() const { return this->capacity_; }
   bool empty() const { return this->size_ == 0; }
   uint8_t &operator[](size_t i) { return this->data_[i]; }
   const uint8_t &operator[](size_t i) const { return this->data_[i]; }
@@ -64,7 +54,7 @@ class APIBuffer {
   }
 
  protected:
-  void grow_(size_t n);
+  bool grow_(size_t n);
   std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> data_;
   size_t size_{0};
   size_t capacity_{0};

esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include "api_connection.h"
 #ifdef USE_API
-#include "api_connection_buffer.h"  // for encode_to_buffer / get_batch_delay_ms_ inlines
+#include "api_connection_buffer.h"  // for the APIServer-dependent APIConnection inlines
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
 #include "api_frame_helper_noise.h"
 #endif
@@ -1099,7 +1099,6 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_media_player_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnec
   auto *media_player = static_cast<media_player::MediaPlayer *>(entity);
   ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse msg;
   auto traits = media_player->get_traits();
-  msg.supports_pause = traits.get_supports_pause();
   msg.feature_flags = traits.get_feature_flags();
   for (auto &supported_format : traits.get_supported_formats()) {
     msg.supported_formats.emplace_back();
@@ -1381,7 +1380,12 @@ void APIConnection::on_z_wave_proxy_frame(const ZWaveProxyFrame &msg) {
 }
 
 void APIConnection::on_z_wave_proxy_request(const ZWaveProxyRequest &msg) {
-  zwave_proxy::global_zwave_proxy->zwave_proxy_request(this, msg.type);
+  ZWaveProxyRequestResponse resp{};
+  resp.type = msg.type;
+  resp.status = zwave_proxy::global_zwave_proxy->zwave_proxy_request(this, msg.type);
+  if (!this->send_message(resp)) {
+    API_LOG_MSG_DROPPED(TAG, "Z-Wave proxy response");
+  }
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -1550,15 +1554,50 @@ void APIConnection::send_infrared_rf_receive_event(const InfraredRFReceiveEvent
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+static enums::SerialProxyStatus serial_proxy_result_to_status(serial_proxy::SerialProxyResult result) {
+  switch (result) {
+    case serial_proxy::SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_OK:
+      return enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_OK;
+    case serial_proxy::SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_ASSUMED_SUCCESS:
+      return enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_ASSUMED_SUCCESS;
+    case serial_proxy::SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_PORT_IN_USE:
+      return enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_PORT_IN_USE;
+    case serial_proxy::SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_INVALID_ARGUMENT:
+      return enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+    case serial_proxy::SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_TIMEOUT:
+      return enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_TIMEOUT;
+    case serial_proxy::SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_NOT_SUPPORTED:
+      return enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+    case serial_proxy::SerialProxyResult::SERIAL_PROXY_RESULT_ERROR:
+      return enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_ERROR;
+  }
+  return enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_ERROR;  // Unreachable; all enum values handled above
+}
+
+static void send_serial_proxy_ack(APIConnection *conn, uint32_t instance, enums::SerialProxyRequestType type,
+                                  enums::SerialProxyStatus status) {
+  SerialProxyRequestResponse resp{};
+  resp.instance = instance;
+  resp.type = type;
+  resp.status = status;
+  if (!conn->send_message(resp)) {
+    API_LOG_MSG_DROPPED(TAG, "Serial proxy response");
+  }
+}
+
 void APIConnection::on_serial_proxy_configure_request(const SerialProxyConfigureRequest &msg) {
   auto &proxies = App.get_serial_proxies();
   if (msg.instance >= proxies.size()) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Serial proxy instance %" PRIu32 " out of range (max %" PRIu32 ")", msg.instance,
              static_cast<uint32_t>(proxies.size()));
+    send_serial_proxy_ack(this, msg.instance, enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_CONFIGURE,
+                          enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
     return;
   }
-  proxies[msg.instance]->configure(this, msg.baudrate, msg.flow_control, static_cast<uint8_t>(msg.parity),
-                                   msg.stop_bits, msg.data_size);
+  serial_proxy::SerialProxyResult result = proxies[msg.instance]->configure(
+      this, msg.baudrate, msg.flow_control, static_cast<uint8_t>(msg.parity), msg.stop_bits, msg.data_size);
+  send_serial_proxy_ack(this, msg.instance, enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_CONFIGURE,
+                        serial_proxy_result_to_status(result));
 }
 
 void APIConnection::on_serial_proxy_write_request(const SerialProxyWriteRequest &msg) {
@@ -1574,20 +1613,30 @@ void APIConnection::on_serial_proxy_set_modem_pins_request(const SerialProxySetM
   auto &proxies = App.get_serial_proxies();
   if (msg.instance >= proxies.size()) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Serial proxy instance %" PRIu32 " out of range", msg.instance);
+    send_serial_proxy_ack(this, msg.instance, enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SET_MODEM_PINS,
+                          enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
     return;
   }
-  proxies[msg.instance]->set_modem_pins(this, msg.line_states);
+  serial_proxy::SerialProxyResult result = proxies[msg.instance]->set_modem_pins(this, msg.line_states);
+  send_serial_proxy_ack(this, msg.instance, enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SET_MODEM_PINS,
+                        serial_proxy_result_to_status(result));
 }
 
 void APIConnection::on_serial_proxy_get_modem_pins_request(const SerialProxyGetModemPinsRequest &msg) {
   auto &proxies = App.get_serial_proxies();
-  if (msg.instance >= proxies.size()) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Serial proxy instance %" PRIu32 " out of range", msg.instance);
-    return;
-  }
   SerialProxyGetModemPinsResponse resp{};
   resp.instance = msg.instance;
-  resp.line_states = proxies[msg.instance]->get_modem_pins();
+  if (msg.instance >= proxies.size()) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Serial proxy instance %" PRIu32 " out of range", msg.instance);
+    // Pre-1.16 clients do not read the status field and would take this error
+    // for a successful "both pins deasserted" answer; let them time out as before
+    if (!this->client_supports_api_version(1, 16)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    resp.status = enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  } else {
+    resp.line_states = proxies[msg.instance]->get_modem_pins();
+  }
   if (!this->send_message(resp)) {
     API_LOG_MSG_DROPPED(TAG, "Serial proxy response");
   }
@@ -1597,40 +1646,31 @@ void APIConnection::on_serial_proxy_request(const SerialProxyRequest &msg) {
   auto &proxies = App.get_serial_proxies();
   if (msg.instance >= proxies.size()) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Serial proxy instance %" PRIu32 " out of range", msg.instance);
+    send_serial_proxy_ack(this, msg.instance, msg.type, enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
     return;
   }
+  auto *proxy = proxies[msg.instance];
+  enums::SerialProxyStatus status;
   switch (msg.type) {
     case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SUBSCRIBE:
     case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE:
-      proxies[msg.instance]->serial_proxy_request(this, msg.type);
+      status = serial_proxy_result_to_status(proxy->serial_proxy_request(this, msg.type));
       break;
-    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_FLUSH: {
-      SerialProxyRequestResponse resp{};
-      resp.instance = msg.instance;
-      resp.type = enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_FLUSH;
-      switch (proxies[msg.instance]->flush_port()) {
-        case uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_SUCCESS:
-          resp.status = enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_OK;
-          break;
-        case uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_ASSUMED_SUCCESS:
-          resp.status = enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_ASSUMED_SUCCESS;
-          break;
-        case uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_TIMEOUT:
-          resp.status = enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_TIMEOUT;
-          break;
-        case uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_FAILED:
-          resp.status = enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_ERROR;
-          break;
-      }
-      if (!this->send_message(resp)) {
-        API_LOG_MSG_DROPPED(TAG, "Serial proxy response");
-      }
+    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_FLUSH:
+      status = serial_proxy_result_to_status(proxy->flush_port(this));
+      break;
+    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_CONFIGURE:
+    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SET_MODEM_PINS:
+      // Response-only discriminators; never valid in a request
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Response-only serial proxy request type: %" PRIu32, static_cast<uint32_t>(msg.type));
+      status = enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
       break;
-    }
     default:
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unknown serial proxy request type: %" PRIu32, static_cast<uint32_t>(msg.type));
+      status = enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED;
       break;
   }
+  send_serial_proxy_ack(this, msg.instance, msg.type, status);
 }
 
 void APIConnection::send_serial_proxy_data(const SerialProxyDataReceived &msg) {
@@ -1749,15 +1789,17 @@ void APIConnection::complete_authentication_() {
 bool APIConnection::send_hello_response_(const HelloRequest &msg) {
   // Copy client name with truncation if needed (set_client_name handles truncation)
   this->helper_->set_client_name(msg.client_info.c_str(), msg.client_info.size());
-  this->client_api_version_major_ = msg.api_version_major;
-  this->client_api_version_minor_ = msg.api_version_minor;
+  this->client_api_version_major_ =
+      static_cast<uint8_t>(std::min<uint32_t>(msg.api_version_major, std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max()));
+  this->client_api_version_minor_ =
+      static_cast<uint8_t>(std::min<uint32_t>(msg.api_version_minor, std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max()));
   char peername[socket::SOCKADDR_STR_LEN];
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Hello from client: '%s' | %s | API Version %" PRIu16 ".%" PRIu16, this->helper_->get_client_name(),
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Hello from client: '%s' | %s | API Version %u.%u", this->helper_->get_client_name(),
            this->helper_->get_peername_to(peername), this->client_api_version_major_, this->client_api_version_minor_);
 
   HelloResponse resp;
   resp.api_version_major = 1;
-  resp.api_version_minor = 15;
+  resp.api_version_minor = 16;
   // Send only the version string - the client only logs this for debugging and doesn't use it otherwise
   resp.server_info = ESPHOME_VERSION_REF;
   resp.name = StringRef(App.get_name());
@@ -1891,6 +1933,7 @@ bool APIConnection::send_device_info_response_() {
     auto &info = resp.serial_proxies[serial_proxy_index++];
     info.name = StringRef(proxy->get_name());
     info.port_type = proxy->get_port_type();
+    info.configured_line_states = proxy->get_configured_modem_pins();
   }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
@@ -1951,6 +1994,7 @@ bool APIConnection::send_device_capabilities_response_() {
     auto &info = resp.serial_proxies[serial_proxy_index++];
     info.name = StringRef(proxy->get_name());
     info.port_type = proxy->get_port_type();
+    info.configured_line_states = proxy->get_configured_modem_pins();
   }
 #endif
   return this->send_message(resp);
@@ -2181,7 +2225,7 @@ bool APIConnection::try_to_clear_buffer_slow_(bool log_out_of_space) {
   }
   return false;
 }
-bool APIConnection::send_message_(uint32_t payload_size, uint8_t message_type, MessageEncodeFn encode_fn,
+bool APIConnection::send_message_(uint32_t payload_size, uint16_t message_type, MessageEncodeFn encode_fn,
                                   const void *msg) {
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   // Skip dump for log messages (recursive logging risk) and camera frames (high-frequency noise)
@@ -2195,10 +2239,17 @@ bool APIConnection::send_message_(uint32_t payload_size, uint8_t message_type, M
     this->log_send_message_(proto_msg->message_name(), proto_msg->dump_to(dump_buf));
   }
 #endif
+  if (!this->prepare_first_message_buffer(payload_size)) [[unlikely]] {
+    this->fatal_out_of_memory_();
+    return false;
+  }
   auto &shared_buf = this->parent_->get_shared_buffer_ref();
-  this->prepare_first_message_buffer(shared_buf, payload_size);
   size_t write_start = shared_buf.size();
-  shared_buf.resize(write_start + payload_size);
+#ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_API
+  assert(shared_buf.capacity() >= write_start + payload_size);
+#endif
+  // Capacity reserved above, cannot fail
+  (void) shared_buf.resize(write_start + payload_size);
   ProtoWriteBuffer buffer{&shared_buf, write_start};
   encode_fn(msg, buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_INIT(&shared_buf));
   return this->send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer{&shared_buf}, message_type);
@@ -2210,7 +2261,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::encode_to_buffer_slow(uint32_t calculated_size, MessageE
                                               APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
   return encode_to_buffer(calculated_size, encode_fn, msg, conn, remaining_size);
 }
-bool APIConnection::send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, uint8_t message_type) {
+bool APIConnection::send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, uint16_t message_type) {
   const bool is_log_message = (message_type == SubscribeLogsResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
 
   if (!this->try_to_clear_buffer(!is_log_message)) {
@@ -2234,30 +2285,42 @@ void APIConnection::on_no_setup_connection() {
   this->on_fatal_error();
   this->log_client_(ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG, LOG_STR("no connection setup"));
 }
+void APIConnection::fatal_out_of_memory_() {
+  this->fatal_error_with_log_(LOG_STR("Out of memory"), APIError::OUT_OF_MEMORY);
+}
 void APIConnection::on_fatal_error() {
   // Don't close socket here - keep it open so getpeername() works for logging
   // Socket will be closed when client is removed from the list in APIServer::loop()
   this->flags_.remove = true;
 }
 
-bool APIConnection::schedule_message_front_(EntityBase *entity, uint8_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size) {
+bool APIConnection::schedule_message_front_(EntityBase *entity, uint16_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size) {
   this->deferred_batch_.add_item_front(entity, message_type, estimated_size);
   return this->schedule_batch_();
 }
 
-bool APIConnection::send_message_smart_(EntityBase *entity, uint8_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size,
+bool APIConnection::send_message_smart_(EntityBase *entity, uint16_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size,
                                         uint8_t aux_data_index) {
   if (this->should_send_immediately_(message_type) && this->helper_->can_write_without_blocking()) {
-    auto &shared_buf = this->parent_->get_shared_buffer_ref();
-    this->prepare_first_message_buffer(shared_buf, estimated_size);
+    // No local for the shared buffer here: keeping it live across
+    // dispatch_message_ costs a register and spills message_type into the
+    // batching path's dedup loop (measured on x86 GCC -Os)
+    if (!this->prepare_first_message_buffer(estimated_size)) [[unlikely]] {
+      this->fatal_out_of_memory_();
+      return false;
+    }
     DeferredBatch::BatchItem item{entity, message_type, estimated_size, aux_data_index};
     if (this->dispatch_message_(item, MAX_BATCH_PACKET_SIZE, true) &&
-        this->send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer{&shared_buf}, message_type)) {
+        this->send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer{&this->parent_->get_shared_buffer_ref()}, message_type)) {
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
       this->log_batch_item_(item);
 #endif
       return true;
     }
+    // An OOM during the immediate attempt marks the connection for removal;
+    // don't queue more work (schedule_message_'s push_back may allocate again)
+    if (this->flags_.remove) [[unlikely]]
+      return false;
   }
   return this->schedule_message_(entity, message_type, estimated_size, aux_data_index);
 }
@@ -2307,7 +2370,11 @@ void APIConnection::process_batch_() {
     total_estimated_size = MAX_BATCH_PACKET_SIZE;
   }
 
-  this->prepare_first_message_buffer(shared_buf, header_padding, total_estimated_size);
+  if (!this->prepare_first_message_buffer(header_padding, total_estimated_size)) [[unlikely]] {
+    this->fatal_out_of_memory_();
+    this->clear_batch_();
+    return;
+  }
 
   // Fast path for single message - buffer already allocated above
   if (num_items == 1) {
@@ -2322,8 +2389,11 @@ void APIConnection::process_batch_() {
 #endif
       this->clear_batch_();
     } else if (payload_size == 0) {
-      // Message too large to fit in available space
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Message too large to send: type=%u", item.message_type);
+      // payload_size == 0 with remove set means encoding hit OOM and the
+      // connection is being dropped; warn only for a genuinely oversized message
+      if (!this->flags_.remove) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Message too large to send: type=%u", item.message_type);
+      }
       this->clear_batch_();
     }
     return;
@@ -2386,8 +2456,10 @@ void APIConnection::process_batch_multi_(APIBuffer &shared_buf, size_t num_items
 
   if (items_processed > 0) {
     // Add footer space for the last message (for Noise protocol MAC)
-    if (footer_size > 0) {
-      shared_buf.resize(shared_buf.size() + footer_size);
+    if (footer_size > 0 && !shared_buf.resize(shared_buf.size() + footer_size)) [[unlikely]] {
+      this->fatal_out_of_memory_();
+      this->clear_batch_();
+      return;
     }
 
     // Send all collected messages

esphome/components/api/api_connection.h

@@ -326,8 +326,10 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
   bool is_marked_for_removal() const { return this->flags_.remove; }
   uint8_t get_log_subscription_level() const { return this->flags_.log_subscription; }
 
-  // Get client API version for feature detection
-  bool client_supports_api_version(uint16_t major, uint16_t minor) const {
+  // Get client API version for feature detection.
+  // Stored versions saturate at 255 (see send_hello_response_), so requesting
+  // a minimum above that can never match.
+  bool client_supports_api_version(uint8_t major, uint8_t minor) const {
     return this->client_api_version_major_ > major ||
            (this->client_api_version_major_ == major && this->client_api_version_minor_ >= minor);
   }
@@ -350,22 +352,13 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
     }
   }
 
-  void prepare_first_message_buffer(APIBuffer &shared_buf, size_t header_padding, size_t total_size) {
-    shared_buf.clear();
-    // Reserve space for header padding + message + footer
-    // - Header padding: space for protocol headers (7 bytes for Noise, 6 for Plaintext)
-    // - Footer: space for MAC (16 bytes for Noise, 0 for Plaintext)
-    // Reserve full size but only set initial size to header padding
-    // so message encoding starts at the correct position
-    shared_buf.reserve_and_resize(total_size, header_padding);
-  }
+  /// Clear the shared write buffer and reserve space for the first message.
+  /// Returns false if the allocation fails (out of memory).
+  /// Defined in api_connection_buffer.h (needs APIServer complete).
+  [[nodiscard]] bool prepare_first_message_buffer(size_t header_padding, size_t total_size);
 
   // Convenience overload - computes frame overhead internally
-  void prepare_first_message_buffer(APIBuffer &shared_buf, size_t payload_size) {
-    const uint8_t header_padding = this->helper_->frame_header_padding();
-    const uint8_t footer_size = this->helper_->frame_footer_size();
-    this->prepare_first_message_buffer(shared_buf, header_padding, payload_size + header_padding + footer_size);
-  }
+  [[nodiscard]] bool prepare_first_message_buffer(size_t payload_size);
 
   bool try_to_clear_buffer(bool log_out_of_space) {
     if (this->flags_.remove)
@@ -374,7 +367,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
       return true;
     return this->try_to_clear_buffer_slow_(log_out_of_space);
   }
-  bool send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, uint8_t message_type);
+  bool send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, uint16_t message_type);
 
   const char *get_name() const { return this->helper_->get_client_name(); }
   /// Get peer name (IP address) into caller-provided buffer, returns buf for convenience
@@ -423,7 +416,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
   }
 
   // Non-template buffer management for send_message
-  bool send_message_(uint32_t payload_size, uint8_t message_type, MessageEncodeFn encode_fn, const void *msg);
+  bool send_message_(uint32_t payload_size, uint16_t message_type, MessageEncodeFn encode_fn, const void *msg);
 
   // Core batch encoding logic. ALWAYS_INLINE so encode_fn devirtualizes at hot call sites.
   // Defined in api_connection_buffer.h (needs APIServer complete).
@@ -664,10 +657,9 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 
     struct BatchItem {
       EntityBase *entity;                       // 4 bytes - Entity pointer
-      uint8_t message_type;                     // 1 byte - Message type for protocol and dispatch
+      uint16_t message_type;                    // 2 bytes - Message type for protocol and dispatch
       uint8_t estimated_size;                   // 1 byte - Estimated message size (max 255 bytes)
       uint8_t aux_data_index{AUX_DATA_UNUSED};  // 1 byte - For events: index into entity's event_types
-      // 1 byte padding
     };
 
     std::vector<BatchItem> items;
@@ -677,7 +669,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
     // connections that do, buffers are released after initial sync anyway
 
     // Add item to the batch (with deduplication)
-    void add_item(EntityBase *entity, uint8_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size,
+    void add_item(EntityBase *entity, uint16_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size,
                   uint8_t aux_data_index = AUX_DATA_UNUSED) {
       // Dedup: O(n) scan but optimized for RAM over performance
       // Skip deduplication for events - they are edge-triggered, every occurrence matters
@@ -693,7 +685,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
       this->items.push_back({entity, message_type, estimated_size, aux_data_index});
     }
     // Add item to the front of the batch (for high priority messages like ping)
-    void add_item_front(EntityBase *entity, uint8_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size) {
+    void add_item_front(EntityBase *entity, uint16_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size) {
       // Swap to front avoids expensive vector::insert which shifts all elements
       this->items.push_back({entity, message_type, estimated_size, AUX_DATA_UNUSED});
       if (this->items.size() > 1) {
@@ -758,13 +750,15 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 #endif
   } flags_{};  // 2 bytes total
 
-  // 2-byte types immediately after flags_ (no padding between them)
-  uint16_t client_api_version_major_{0};
-  uint16_t client_api_version_minor_{0};
+  // 2-byte type immediately after flags_ (no padding between them)
+  uint16_t batch_message_type_{0};  // Current message type during batch encoding
   // 1-byte types to fill remaining space before next 4-byte boundary
+  // Client API versions are clamped to 255 on receive (see send_hello_response_)
+  uint8_t client_api_version_major_{0};
+  uint8_t client_api_version_minor_{0};
   ActiveIterator active_iterator_{ActiveIterator::NONE};
-  uint8_t batch_message_type_{0};  // Current message type during batch encoding
-  // Total: 2 (flags) + 2 + 2 + 1 + 1 = 8 bytes, aligned to 4-byte boundary
+  // Total: 2 (flags) + 2 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 (batch_header_size_ below) = 8 bytes,
+  // aligned to 4-byte boundary
 
   // Actual header size used by encode_to_buffer for the current message.
   // Read by process_batch_multi_ to pass into MessageInfo.
@@ -813,7 +807,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
   // 2. It's an EventResponse (events are edge-triggered - every occurrence matters)
   // 3. OR: User has opted into immediate sending (should_try_send_immediately = true
   //    AND batch_delay = 0)
-  inline bool should_send_immediately_(uint8_t message_type) const {
+  inline bool should_send_immediately_(uint16_t message_type) const {
     return (
 #ifdef USE_UPDATE
         message_type == UpdateStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE ||
@@ -827,11 +821,11 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
   // Helper method to send a message either immediately or via batching
   // Tries immediate send if should_send_immediately_() returns true and buffer has space
   // Falls back to batching if immediate send fails or isn't applicable
-  bool send_message_smart_(EntityBase *entity, uint8_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size,
+  bool send_message_smart_(EntityBase *entity, uint16_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size,
                            uint8_t aux_data_index = DeferredBatch::AUX_DATA_UNUSED);
 
   // Helper function to schedule a deferred message with known message type
-  bool schedule_message_(EntityBase *entity, uint8_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size,
+  bool schedule_message_(EntityBase *entity, uint16_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size,
                          uint8_t aux_data_index = DeferredBatch::AUX_DATA_UNUSED) {
     this->deferred_batch_.add_item(entity, message_type, estimated_size, aux_data_index);
     return this->schedule_batch_();
@@ -839,7 +833,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 
   // Helper function to schedule a high priority message at the front of the batch
   // Out-of-line: callers (on_shutdown, check_keepalive_) are cold paths
-  bool schedule_message_front_(EntityBase *entity, uint8_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size);
+  bool schedule_message_front_(EntityBase *entity, uint16_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size);
 
   // Helper function to log client messages with name and peername
   void log_client_(int level, const LogString *message);
@@ -850,6 +844,9 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
     this->on_fatal_error();
     this->log_warning_(message, err);
   }
+  // Shared cold path for buffer allocation failures — noinline keeps the
+  // OOM handling out of the hot send paths
+  void __attribute__((noinline)) fatal_out_of_memory_();
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::api

esphome/components/api/api_connection_buffer.h

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #ifdef USE_API
 
-// Inline APIConnection methods that need APIServer complete. Include this
-// instead of api_connection.h when calling encode_to_buffer or get_batch_delay_ms_.
+// Inline APIConnection members that need APIServer complete. Include this
+// instead of api_connection.h when calling them.
 
 #include "api_connection.h"
 #include "api_server.h"
@@ -41,7 +41,10 @@ inline uint16_t ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE APIConnection::encode_to_buffer(uint32_t c
     return 0;
 
   auto &shared_buf = conn->parent_->get_shared_buffer_ref();
-  shared_buf.resize(shared_buf.size() + to_add);
+  if (!shared_buf.resize(shared_buf.size() + to_add)) [[unlikely]] {
+    conn->fatal_out_of_memory_();
+    return 0;
+  }
   ProtoWriteBuffer buffer{&shared_buf, shared_buf.size() - calculated_size};
   encode_fn(msg, buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_INIT(&shared_buf));
 
@@ -50,5 +53,22 @@ inline uint16_t ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE APIConnection::encode_to_buffer(uint32_t c
 
 inline uint32_t APIConnection::get_batch_delay_ms_() const { return this->parent_->get_batch_delay(); }
 
+inline bool APIConnection::prepare_first_message_buffer(size_t header_padding, size_t total_size) {
+  auto &shared_buf = this->parent_->get_shared_buffer_ref();
+  shared_buf.clear();
+  // Reserve space for header padding + message + footer
+  // - Header padding: space for protocol headers (7 bytes for Noise, 6 for Plaintext)
+  // - Footer: space for MAC (16 bytes for Noise, 0 for Plaintext)
+  // Reserve full size but only set initial size to header padding
+  // so message encoding starts at the correct position
+  return shared_buf.reserve_and_resize(total_size, header_padding);
+}
+
+inline bool APIConnection::prepare_first_message_buffer(size_t payload_size) {
+  const uint8_t header_padding = this->helper_->frame_header_padding();
+  const uint8_t footer_size = this->helper_->frame_footer_size();
+  return this->prepare_first_message_buffer(header_padding, payload_size + header_padding + footer_size);
+}
+
 }  // namespace esphome::api
 #endif

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.cpp

@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ APIError APIFrameHelper::write_raw_iov_(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, uin
 
   // Queue unsent data into overflow buffer
   if (!this->overflow_buf_.enqueue_iov(iov, iovcnt, total_write_len, static_cast<uint16_t>(sent))) {
-    HELPER_LOG("Overflow buffer full, dropping connection");
+    HELPER_LOG("Overflow buffer full or out of memory, dropping connection");
     this->state_ = State::FAILED;
     return APIError::SOCKET_WRITE_FAILED;
   }

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h

@@ -49,16 +49,16 @@ struct ReadPacketBuffer {
 };
 
 // Packed message info structure to minimize memory usage
-// Note: message_type is uint8_t — all current protobuf message types fit in 8 bits.
-// The noise wire format encodes types as 16-bit, but the high byte is always 0.
-// If message types ever exceed 255, this and encrypt_noise_message_ must be updated.
+// message_type matches the wire formats: noise carries a fixed 16-bit type
+// field, plaintext a type varint. The proto codegen caps message IDs at 16383
+// so the plaintext type varint fits the 2 bytes budgeted in HEADER_PADDING.
 struct MessageInfo {
   uint16_t offset;        // Offset in buffer where message starts
   uint16_t payload_size;  // Size of the message payload
-  uint8_t message_type;   // Message type (0-255)
+  uint16_t message_type;  // Message type (0-16383)
   uint8_t header_size;    // Actual header size used (avoids recomputation in write path)
 
-  MessageInfo(uint8_t type, uint16_t off, uint16_t size, uint8_t hdr)
+  MessageInfo(uint16_t type, uint16_t off, uint16_t size, uint8_t hdr)
       : offset(off), payload_size(size), message_type(type), header_size(hdr) {}
 };
 
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ class APIFrameHelper {
   }
   // Write a single protobuf message - the hot path (87-100% of all writes).
   // Caller must ensure state is DATA before calling.
-  virtual APIError write_protobuf_packet(uint8_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) = 0;
+  virtual APIError write_protobuf_packet(uint16_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) = 0;
   // Write multiple protobuf messages in a single batched operation.
   // Caller must ensure state is DATA and messages is not empty.
   // messages contains (message_type, offset, length) for each message in the buffer.
@@ -187,15 +187,15 @@ class APIFrameHelper {
   // Distinguishes protocols via frame_footer_size_ (noise always has a non-zero MAC
   // footer, plaintext has footer=0). If a protocol with a plaintext footer is ever
   // added, this should become a virtual method.
-  uint8_t frame_header_size(uint16_t payload_size, uint8_t message_type) const {
+  uint8_t frame_header_size(uint16_t payload_size, uint16_t message_type) const {
 #if defined(USE_API_NOISE) && defined(USE_API_PLAINTEXT)
     return this->frame_footer_size_
                ? this->frame_header_padding_
-               : static_cast<uint8_t>(1 + ProtoSize::varint16(payload_size) + ProtoSize::varint8(message_type));
+               : static_cast<uint8_t>(1 + ProtoSize::varint16(payload_size) + ProtoSize::varint16(message_type));
 #elif defined(USE_API_NOISE)
     return this->frame_header_padding_;
 #else  // USE_API_PLAINTEXT only
-    return static_cast<uint8_t>(1 + ProtoSize::varint16(payload_size) + ProtoSize::varint8(message_type));
+    return static_cast<uint8_t>(1 + ProtoSize::varint16(payload_size) + ProtoSize::varint16(message_type));
 #endif
   }
   // Get the frame footer size required by this protocol

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp

@@ -68,7 +68,10 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::init() {
 
   // init prologue
   size_t old_size = prologue_.size();
-  prologue_.resize(old_size + PROLOGUE_INIT_LEN);
+  if (!prologue_.resize(old_size + PROLOGUE_INIT_LEN)) [[unlikely]] {
+    state_ = State::FAILED;
+    return APIError::OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+  }
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266
   memcpy_P(prologue_.data() + old_size, PROLOGUE_INIT, PROLOGUE_INIT_LEN);
 #else
@@ -202,7 +205,10 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::try_read_frame_() {
   // During handshake, rx_buf_.size() is used in prologue construction, so
   // the buffer must be exactly msg_size to avoid prologue mismatch.)
   uint16_t alloc_size = msg_size + (is_data ? RX_BUF_NULL_TERMINATOR : 0);
-  this->rx_buf_.resize(alloc_size);
+  if (!this->rx_buf_.resize(alloc_size)) [[unlikely]] {
+    state_ = State::FAILED;
+    return APIError::OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+  }
 
   if (rx_buf_len_ < msg_size) {
     // more data to read
@@ -269,7 +275,10 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::state_action_client_hello_() {
   // Resize for: existing prologue + 2 size bytes + frame data
   size_t old_size = this->prologue_.size();
   size_t rx_size = this->rx_buf_.size();
-  this->prologue_.resize(old_size + 2 + rx_size);
+  if (!this->prologue_.resize(old_size + 2 + rx_size)) [[unlikely]] {
+    state_ = State::FAILED;
+    return APIError::OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+  }
   this->prologue_[old_size] = (uint8_t) (rx_size >> 8);
   this->prologue_[old_size + 1] = (uint8_t) rx_size;
   if (rx_size > 0) {
@@ -442,7 +451,7 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) {
 }
 // Encrypt a single noise message in place and return the encrypted frame length.
 // Returns APIError::OK on success.
-APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::encrypt_noise_message_(uint8_t *buf_start, uint16_t payload_size, uint8_t message_type,
+APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::encrypt_noise_message_(uint8_t *buf_start, uint16_t payload_size, uint16_t message_type,
                                                      uint16_t &encrypted_len_out) {
   // The noise frame header is written after encryption, when the size is known
 
@@ -472,18 +481,20 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::encrypt_noise_message_(uint8_t *buf_start, uint16_
   return APIError::OK;
 }
 
-APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::write_protobuf_packet(uint8_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) {
+APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::write_protobuf_packet(uint16_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) {
 #ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_API
   assert(this->state_ == State::DATA);
 #endif
 
+  APIBuffer *buf = buffer.get_buffer();
   // Resize buffer to include footer space for Noise MAC
-  if (this->frame_footer_size_)
-    buffer.get_buffer()->resize(buffer.get_buffer()->size() + this->frame_footer_size_);
+  if (this->frame_footer_size_ && !buf->resize(buf->size() + this->frame_footer_size_)) [[unlikely]] {
+    state_ = State::FAILED;
+    return APIError::OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+  }
 
-  uint16_t payload_size =
-      static_cast<uint16_t>(buffer.get_buffer()->size() - HEADER_PADDING - this->frame_footer_size_);
-  uint8_t *buf_start = buffer.get_buffer()->data();
+  uint16_t payload_size = static_cast<uint16_t>(buf->size() - HEADER_PADDING - this->frame_footer_size_);
+  uint8_t *buf_start = buf->data();
   uint16_t encrypted_len;
   APIError aerr = this->encrypt_noise_message_(buf_start, payload_size, type, encrypted_len);
   if (aerr != APIError::OK)

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.h

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class APINoiseFrameHelper final : public APIFrameHelper {
 #endif
   APIError loop() override;
   APIError read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) override;
-  APIError write_protobuf_packet(uint8_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) override;
+  APIError write_protobuf_packet(uint16_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) override;
   APIError write_protobuf_messages(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, std::span<const MessageInfo> messages) override;
 
  protected:
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class APINoiseFrameHelper final : public APIFrameHelper {
   APIError state_action_handshake_write_();
   APIError try_read_frame_();
   APIError write_frame_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
-  APIError encrypt_noise_message_(uint8_t *buf_start, uint16_t payload_size, uint8_t message_type,
+  APIError encrypt_noise_message_(uint8_t *buf_start, uint16_t payload_size, uint16_t message_type,
                                   uint16_t &encrypted_len_out);
   APIError init_handshake_();
   APIError check_handshake_finished_();

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "api_pb2.h"
 #include "proto.h"
 #include <cstring>
 #include <cinttypes>
@@ -171,7 +172,10 @@ APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::try_read_frame_() {
 
   // Reserve space for body (+ null terminator so protobuf StringRef fields
   // can be safely null-terminated in-place after decode)
-  this->rx_buf_.resize(this->rx_header_parsed_len_ + RX_BUF_NULL_TERMINATOR);
+  if (!this->rx_buf_.resize(this->rx_header_parsed_len_ + RX_BUF_NULL_TERMINATOR)) [[unlikely]] {
+    state_ = State::FAILED;
+    return APIError::OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+  }
 
   if (rx_buf_len_ < rx_header_parsed_len_) {
     // more data to read
@@ -252,24 +256,21 @@ ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE static inline void encode_varint_16(uint16_t value, uint8_
   *p = static_cast<uint8_t>(value);
 }
 
-// Encode an 8-bit varint (1-2 bytes) using pre-computed length.
-ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE static inline void encode_varint_8(uint8_t value, uint8_t varint_len, uint8_t *p) {
-  if (varint_len == 2) {
-    *p++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(value | 0x80);
-    *p = static_cast<uint8_t>(value >> 7);
-  } else {
-    *p = value;
-  }
-}
+// The generator rejects message IDs above MAX_MESSAGE_TYPE, so the type varint
+// can never outgrow the 2 bytes HEADER_PADDING budgets for it. Without this
+// bound, write_plaintext_header's header_offset would underflow for the first
+// message in a batch and the header write would land outside the buffer.
+static_assert(1 + 3 + ProtoSize::varint16(MAX_MESSAGE_TYPE) <= APIPlaintextFrameHelper::HEADER_PADDING,
+              "HEADER_PADDING cannot fit the type varint of the largest message ID");
 
 // Write plaintext header into pre-allocated padding before payload.
 // padding_size: bytes reserved before payload (HEADER_PADDING for first/single msg,
 //               actual header size for contiguous batch messages).
 // Returns the total header length (indicator + varints).
 ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE static inline uint8_t write_plaintext_header(uint8_t *buf_start, uint16_t payload_size,
-                                                                   uint8_t message_type, uint8_t padding_size) {
+                                                                   uint16_t message_type, uint8_t padding_size) {
   uint8_t size_varint_len = ProtoSize::varint16(payload_size);
-  uint8_t type_varint_len = ProtoSize::varint8(message_type);
+  uint8_t type_varint_len = ProtoSize::varint16(message_type);
   uint8_t total_header_len = 1 + size_varint_len + type_varint_len;
 
   // The header is right-justified within the padding so it sits immediately before payload.
@@ -292,12 +293,12 @@ ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE static inline uint8_t write_plaintext_header(uint8_t *buf_
 
   // Encode varints directly into buffer using pre-computed lengths
   encode_varint_16(payload_size, size_varint_len, buf_start + header_offset + 1);
-  encode_varint_8(message_type, type_varint_len, buf_start + header_offset + 1 + size_varint_len);
+  encode_varint_16(message_type, type_varint_len, buf_start + header_offset + 1 + size_varint_len);
 
   return total_header_len;
 }
 
-APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::write_protobuf_packet(uint8_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) {
+APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::write_protobuf_packet(uint16_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) {
 #ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_API
   assert(this->state_ == State::DATA);
 #endif

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.h

@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ class APIPlaintextFrameHelper final : public APIFrameHelper {
   // Plaintext header structure (worst case):
   // Pos 0: indicator (0x00)
   // Pos 1-3: payload size varint (up to 3 bytes)
-  // Pos 4-5: message type varint (up to 2 bytes)
+  // Pos 4-5: message type varint (up to 2 bytes; covers message IDs up to
+  //          16383, enforced by the proto codegen)
   // Pos 6+: actual payload data
   static constexpr uint8_t HEADER_PADDING = 1 + 3 + 2;  // indicator + size varint + type varint
 
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ class APIPlaintextFrameHelper final : public APIFrameHelper {
   APIError init() override;
   APIError loop() override;
   APIError read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) override;
-  APIError write_protobuf_packet(uint8_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) override;
+  APIError write_protobuf_packet(uint16_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) override;
   APIError write_protobuf_messages(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, std::span<const MessageInfo> messages) override;
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
   // After try_read_frame_ returned PROTOCOL_SWITCH_TO_NOISE: copy out the

esphome/components/api/api_overflow_buffer.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "api_overflow_buffer.h"
 #ifdef USE_API
 #include <cstring>
+#include <new>
 
 namespace esphome::api {
 
@@ -61,9 +62,18 @@ bool APIOverflowBuffer::enqueue_iov(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, uint16_
     return false;
 
   uint16_t buffer_size = total_len - skip;
+  // nothrow: a failed allocation returns nullptr so the connection is dropped
+  // cleanly instead of plain new's crash or abort on OOM
   // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
-  auto *entry = new Entry{new uint8_t[buffer_size], buffer_size, 0};
-  this->queue_[this->tail_] = entry;
+  auto *data = new (std::nothrow) uint8_t[buffer_size];
+  if (data == nullptr)
+    return false;
+  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+  auto *entry = new (std::nothrow) Entry{data, buffer_size, 0};
+  if (entry == nullptr) {
+    delete[] data;
+    return false;
+  }
 
   uint16_t to_skip = skip;
   uint16_t write_pos = 0;
@@ -80,6 +90,8 @@ bool APIOverflowBuffer::enqueue_iov(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, uint16_
     }
   }
 
+  // Publish only after the copy completes so a half-built entry is never reachable
+  this->queue_[this->tail_] = entry;
   this->tail_ = (this->tail_ + 1) % API_MAX_SEND_QUEUE;
   this->count_++;
   return true;

esphome/components/api/api_overflow_buffer.h

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class APIOverflowBuffer {
 
   /// Enqueue unsent IOV data into the backlog.
   /// Copies iov data starting at byte offset `skip` into a new entry.
-  /// Returns false if the queue is full (caller should fail the connection).
+  /// Returns false if the queue is full or allocation fails (caller should fail the connection).
   bool enqueue_iov(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, uint16_t total_len, uint16_t skip);
 
  protected:

esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp

@@ -102,12 +102,14 @@ uint8_t *SerialProxyInfo::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PAR
   uint8_t *__restrict__ pos = buffer.get_pos();
   ProtoEncode::encode_string(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 1, this->name);
   ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 2, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->port_type));
+  ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 3, this->configured_line_states);
   return pos;
 }
 uint32_t SerialProxyInfo::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
   size += this->port_type ? 2 : 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->configured_line_states);
   return size;
 }
 #endif
@@ -1273,12 +1275,24 @@ uint8_t *ListEntitiesServicesArgument::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENC
   uint8_t *__restrict__ pos = buffer.get_pos();
   ProtoEncode::encode_string(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 1, this->name);
   ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 2, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->type));
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA
+  ProtoEncode::encode_string(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 3, this->description);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA
+  ProtoEncode::encode_string(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 4, this->example);
+#endif
   return pos;
 }
 uint32_t ListEntitiesServicesArgument::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
   size += this->type ? 2 : 0;
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->description.size());
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->example.size());
+#endif
   return size;
 }
 uint8_t *ListEntitiesServicesResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const {
@@ -1289,6 +1303,9 @@ uint8_t *ListEntitiesServicesResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENC
     ProtoEncode::encode_sub_message(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, buffer, 3, it);
   }
   ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 4, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->supports_response));
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA
+  ProtoEncode::encode_string(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 5, this->description);
+#endif
   return pos;
 }
 uint32_t ListEntitiesServicesResponse::calculate_size() const {
@@ -1301,6 +1318,9 @@ uint32_t ListEntitiesServicesResponse::calculate_size() const {
     }
   }
   size += this->supports_response ? 2 : 0;
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->description.size());
+#endif
   return size;
 }
 bool ExecuteServiceArgument::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
@@ -2321,7 +2341,6 @@ uint8_t *ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_
 #endif
   ProtoEncode::encode_bool(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 6, this->disabled_by_default);
   ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 7, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
-  ProtoEncode::encode_bool(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 8, this->supports_pause);
   for (auto &it : this->supported_formats) {
     ProtoEncode::encode_sub_message(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, buffer, 9, it);
   }
@@ -2341,7 +2360,6 @@ uint32_t ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse::calculate_size() const {
 #endif
   size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
   size += this->entity_category ? 2 : 0;
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->supports_pause);
   if (!this->supported_formats.empty()) {
     for (const auto &it : this->supported_formats) {
       size += ProtoSize::calc_message_force(1, it.calculate_size());
@@ -3942,6 +3960,18 @@ uint32_t ZWaveProxyRequest::calculate_size() const {
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->data_len);
   return size;
 }
+uint8_t *ZWaveProxyRequestResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const {
+  uint8_t *__restrict__ pos = buffer.get_pos();
+  ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->type));
+  ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 2, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->status));
+  return pos;
+}
+uint32_t ZWaveProxyRequestResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += this->type ? 2 : 0;
+  size += this->status ? 2 : 0;
+  return size;
+}
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_INFRARED
 uint8_t *ListEntitiesInfraredResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const {
@@ -4184,12 +4214,14 @@ uint8_t *SerialProxyGetModemPinsResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_
   uint8_t *__restrict__ pos = buffer.get_pos();
   ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 1, this->instance);
   ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 2, this->line_states);
+  ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 3, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->status));
   return pos;
 }
 uint32_t SerialProxyGetModemPinsResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->instance);
   size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->line_states);
+  size += this->status ? 2 : 0;
   return size;
 }
 bool SerialProxyRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {

esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp

@@ -816,6 +816,18 @@ template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::ZWaveProxyRequestType>(enums:
       return ESPHOME_PSTR("UNKNOWN");
   }
 }
+template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::ZWaveProxyStatus>(enums::ZWaveProxyStatus value) {
+  switch (value) {
+    case enums::ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_OK:
+      return ESPHOME_PSTR("ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_OK");
+    case enums::ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_IN_USE:
+      return ESPHOME_PSTR("ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_IN_USE");
+    case enums::ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED:
+      return ESPHOME_PSTR("ZWAVE_PROXY_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED");
+    default:
+      return ESPHOME_PSTR("UNKNOWN");
+  }
+}
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
 template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::SerialProxyParity>(enums::SerialProxyParity value) {
@@ -838,6 +850,10 @@ template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::SerialProxyRequestType>(enums
       return ESPHOME_PSTR("SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE");
     case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_FLUSH:
       return ESPHOME_PSTR("SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_FLUSH");
+    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_CONFIGURE:
+      return ESPHOME_PSTR("SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_CONFIGURE");
+    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SET_MODEM_PINS:
+      return ESPHOME_PSTR("SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SET_MODEM_PINS");
     default:
       return ESPHOME_PSTR("UNKNOWN");
   }
@@ -854,6 +870,10 @@ template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::SerialProxyStatus>(enums::Ser
       return ESPHOME_PSTR("SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_TIMEOUT");
     case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED:
       return ESPHOME_PSTR("SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED");
+    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_PORT_IN_USE:
+      return ESPHOME_PSTR("SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_PORT_IN_USE");
+    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT:
+      return ESPHOME_PSTR("SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_INVALID_ARGUMENT");
     default:
       return ESPHOME_PSTR("UNKNOWN");
   }
@@ -914,6 +934,7 @@ const char *SerialProxyInfo::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("SerialProxyInfo"));
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("name"), this->name);
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("port_type"), static_cast<enums::SerialProxyPortType>(this->port_type));
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("configured_line_states"), this->configured_line_states);
   return out.c_str();
 }
 #endif
@@ -1479,6 +1500,12 @@ const char *ListEntitiesServicesArgument::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("ListEntitiesServicesArgument"));
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("name"), this->name);
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("type"), static_cast<enums::ServiceArgType>(this->type));
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("description"), this->description);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("example"), this->example);
+#endif
   return out.c_str();
 }
 const char *ListEntitiesServicesResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
@@ -1491,6 +1518,9 @@ const char *ListEntitiesServicesResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
     out.append("\n");
   }
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("supports_response"), static_cast<enums::SupportsResponseType>(this->supports_response));
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("description"), this->description);
+#endif
   return out.c_str();
 }
 const char *ExecuteServiceArgument::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
@@ -1941,7 +1971,6 @@ const char *ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
 #endif
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("disabled_by_default"), this->disabled_by_default);
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("entity_category"), static_cast<enums::EntityCategory>(this->entity_category));
-  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("supports_pause"), this->supports_pause);
   for (const auto &it : this->supported_formats) {
     out.append(4, ' ').append_p(ESPHOME_PSTR("supported_formats")).append(": ");
     it.dump_to(out);
@@ -2644,6 +2673,12 @@ const char *ZWaveProxyRequest::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   dump_bytes_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("data"), this->data, this->data_len);
   return out.c_str();
 }
+const char *ZWaveProxyRequestResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
+  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("ZWaveProxyRequestResponse"));
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("type"), static_cast<enums::ZWaveProxyRequestType>(this->type));
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("status"), static_cast<enums::ZWaveProxyStatus>(this->status));
+  return out.c_str();
+}
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_INFRARED
 const char *ListEntitiesInfraredResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
@@ -2753,6 +2788,7 @@ const char *SerialProxyGetModemPinsResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("SerialProxyGetModemPinsResponse"));
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("instance"), this->instance);
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("line_states"), this->line_states);
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("status"), static_cast<enums::SerialProxyStatus>(this->status));
   return out.c_str();
 }
 const char *SerialProxyRequest::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {

esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp

@@ -433,8 +433,10 @@ void APIServer::send_homeassistant_action(const HomeassistantActionRequest &call
     // Home Assistant subscribes to actions shortly *after* authenticating, so actions
     // fired right at connection time (on_client_connected, on_time_sync, ...) can
     // arrive before the subscription and are lost - warn instead of failing silently.
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Home Assistant %s '%s' dropped; %s", call.is_event ? "event" : "action", call.service.c_str(),
-             this->is_connected() ? "client has not subscribed to actions (yet)" : "no client connected");
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Home Assistant %s '%s' dropped; %s",
+             call.is_event ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("event") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("action"), call.service.c_str(),
+             this->is_connected() ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("client has not subscribed to actions (yet)")
+                                  : LOG_STR_LITERAL("no client connected"));
   }
 }
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES

esphome/components/api/list_entities.cpp

@@ -99,7 +99,8 @@ ListEntitiesIterator::ListEntitiesIterator(APIConnection *client) : client_(clie
 static constexpr uint8_t SERVICE_YIELD_INTERVAL = 3;
 
 bool ListEntitiesIterator::on_service(UserServiceDescriptor *service) {
-  auto resp = service->encode_list_service_response();
+  UserActionScratch scratch;
+  auto resp = service->encode_list_service_response(scratch);
   if (!this->client_->send_message(resp))
     return false;
   // at_ is this service's index

esphome/components/api/proto.h

@@ -684,11 +684,6 @@ class ProtoSize {
     return value < VARINT_THRESHOLD_1_BYTE ? 1 : (value < VARINT_THRESHOLD_2_BYTE ? 2 : 3);
   }
 
-  // Varint encoded length for an 8-bit value (1 or 2 bytes).
-  static constexpr inline uint8_t ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE varint8(uint8_t value) {
-    return value < VARINT_THRESHOLD_1_BYTE ? 1 : 2;
-  }
-
   /**
    * @brief Calculates the size in bytes needed to encode a uint32_t value as a varint
    *

esphome/components/api/user_services.cpp

@@ -1,9 +1,52 @@
 #include "user_services.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
 
 namespace esphome::api {
 
+StringRef UserServiceStatic::str_(size_t idx, std::span<char> &scratch) const {
+  const char *s = progmem_read_ptr(&this->strings_[idx]);
+  if (s == nullptr)
+    return {};
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+  // Codegen sizes the scratch buffer for the largest service; the bound only guards other callers
+  if (scratch.empty())
+    return {};
+  size_t len = strnlen_P(s, scratch.size() - 1);
+  progmem_memcpy(scratch.data(), s, len);
+  scratch[len] = '\0';
+  StringRef ref(scratch.data(), len);
+  scratch = scratch.subspan(len + 1);
+  return ref;
+#else
+  return StringRef(s);
+#endif
+}
+
+ListEntitiesServicesResponse UserServiceStatic::encode_list_service_response_(
+    std::span<const enums::ServiceArgType> arg_types, std::span<char> scratch) const {
+  ListEntitiesServicesResponse msg;
+  msg.name = this->str_(0, scratch);
+  msg.key = this->key_;
+  msg.supports_response = this->supports_response_;
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA
+  msg.description = this->str_(1, scratch);
+#endif
+  msg.args.init(arg_types.size());
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < arg_types.size(); i++) {
+    size_t base = USER_ACTION_HEADER_STRINGS + i * USER_ACTION_ARG_STRINGS;
+    auto &arg = msg.args.emplace_back();
+    arg.type = arg_types[i];
+    arg.name = this->str_(base, scratch);
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA
+    arg.description = this->str_(base + 1, scratch);
+    arg.example = this->str_(base + 2, scratch);
+#endif
+  }
+  return msg;
+}
+
 template<> bool get_execute_arg_value<bool>(const ExecuteServiceArgument &arg) { return arg.bool_; }
 template<> int32_t get_execute_arg_value<int32_t>(const ExecuteServiceArgument &arg) {
   if (arg.legacy_int != 0)

esphome/components/api/user_services.h

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <span>
 #include <tuple>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
@@ -19,7 +20,9 @@ class APIServer;
 
 class UserServiceDescriptor {
  public:
-  virtual ListEntitiesServicesResponse encode_list_service_response() = 0;
+  /// Build the list-entities message. On ESP8266 the strings live in PROGMEM and are copied into
+  /// `scratch`, so the returned message is only valid while `scratch` is; other platforms ignore it.
+  virtual ListEntitiesServicesResponse encode_list_service_response(std::span<char> scratch) = 0;
 
   virtual bool execute_service(const ExecuteServiceRequest &req) = 0;
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
@@ -34,29 +37,51 @@ template<typename T> T get_execute_arg_value(const ExecuteServiceArgument &arg);
 
 template<typename T> enums::ServiceArgType to_service_arg_type();
 
-// Base class for YAML-defined services (most common case)
-// Stores only pointers to string literals in flash - no heap allocation
-template<typename... Ts> class UserServiceBase : public UserServiceDescriptor {
- public:
-  UserServiceBase(const char *name, const std::array<const char *, sizeof...(Ts)> &arg_names,
-                  enums::SupportsResponseType supports_response = enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_NONE)
-      : name_(name), arg_names_(arg_names), supports_response_(supports_response) {
-    this->key_ = fnv1_hash(name);
-  }
+// Scratch buffer list-entities hands to encode_list_service_response(); only ESP8266 copies into it
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+using UserActionScratch = std::array<char, API_USER_ACTION_STRINGS_SCRATCH_SIZE>;
+#else
+using UserActionScratch = std::array<char, 0>;
+#endif
 
-  ListEntitiesServicesResponse encode_list_service_response() override {
-    ListEntitiesServicesResponse msg;
-    msg.name = StringRef(this->name_);
-    msg.key = this->key_;
-    msg.supports_response = this->supports_response_;
+// Non-template base for YAML-defined services so the list-entities encoder is compiled once.
+// All strings live in one PROGMEM pointer table emitted by codegen (see _action_strings in
+// __init__.py), so each service costs a single pointer of RAM. Layout: the action name, then
+// each argument name; with USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA the action description follows
+// the name and every argument is (name, description, example). Unset metadata is nullptr.
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA
+static constexpr size_t USER_ACTION_HEADER_STRINGS = 2;
+static constexpr size_t USER_ACTION_ARG_STRINGS = 3;
+#else
+static constexpr size_t USER_ACTION_HEADER_STRINGS = 1;
+static constexpr size_t USER_ACTION_ARG_STRINGS = 1;
+#endif
+class UserServiceStatic : public UserServiceDescriptor {
+ public:
+  UserServiceStatic(const char *const *strings, uint32_t key,
+                    enums::SupportsResponseType supports_response = enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_NONE)
+      : strings_(strings), key_(key), supports_response_(supports_response) {}
+
+ protected:
+  ListEntitiesServicesResponse encode_list_service_response_(std::span<const enums::ServiceArgType> arg_types,
+                                                             std::span<char> scratch) const;
+  /// Reference table entry `idx`; nullptr gives an empty StringRef.
+  /// On ESP8266 the bytes are copied out of PROGMEM into `scratch` with a terminator, and the span
+  /// is advanced past the copy.
+  StringRef str_(size_t idx, std::span<char> &scratch) const;
+
+  const char *const *strings_;  // PROGMEM pointer table, read with progmem_read_ptr()
+  uint32_t key_;
+  enums::SupportsResponseType supports_response_;
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class UserServiceBase : public UserServiceStatic {
+ public:
+  using UserServiceStatic::UserServiceStatic;
+
+  ListEntitiesServicesResponse encode_list_service_response(std::span<char> scratch) override {
     std::array<enums::ServiceArgType, sizeof...(Ts)> arg_types = {to_service_arg_type<Ts>()...};
-    msg.args.init(sizeof...(Ts));
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof...(Ts); i++) {
-      auto &arg = msg.args.emplace_back();
-      arg.type = arg_types[i];
-      arg.name = StringRef(this->arg_names_[i]);
-    }
-    return msg;
+    return this->encode_list_service_response_(arg_types, scratch);
   }
 
   bool execute_service(const ExecuteServiceRequest &req) override {
@@ -89,12 +114,6 @@ template<typename... Ts> class UserServiceBase : public UserServiceDescriptor {
   void execute_(const ArgsContainer &args, uint32_t call_id, bool return_response, std::index_sequence<S...> /*type*/) {
     this->execute(call_id, return_response, (get_execute_arg_value<Ts>(args[S]))...);
   }
-
-  // Pointers to string literals in flash - no heap allocation
-  const char *name_;
-  std::array<const char *, sizeof...(Ts)> arg_names_;
-  uint32_t key_{0};
-  enums::SupportsResponseType supports_response_{enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_NONE};
 };
 
 // Separate class for custom_api_device services (rare case)
@@ -106,7 +125,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class UserServiceDynamic : public UserServiceDescriptor
     this->key_ = fnv1_hash(this->name_.c_str());
   }
 
-  ListEntitiesServicesResponse encode_list_service_response() override {
+  ListEntitiesServicesResponse encode_list_service_response(std::span<char> /*scratch*/) override {
     ListEntitiesServicesResponse msg;
     msg.name = StringRef(this->name_);
     msg.key = this->key_;
@@ -167,8 +186,8 @@ template<typename... Ts>
 class UserServiceTrigger<enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_NONE, Ts...> final : public UserServiceBase<Ts...>,
                                                                        public Trigger<Ts...> {
  public:
-  UserServiceTrigger(const char *name, const std::array<const char *, sizeof...(Ts)> &arg_names)
-      : UserServiceBase<Ts...>(name, arg_names, enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_NONE) {}
+  UserServiceTrigger(const char *const *strings, uint32_t key)
+      : UserServiceBase<Ts...>(strings, key, enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_NONE) {}
 
  protected:
   void execute(uint32_t /*call_id*/, bool /*return_response*/, Ts... x) override { this->trigger(x...); }
@@ -179,8 +198,8 @@ template<typename... Ts>
 class UserServiceTrigger<enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_OPTIONAL, Ts...> final : public UserServiceBase<Ts...>,
                                                                            public Trigger<uint32_t, bool, Ts...> {
  public:
-  UserServiceTrigger(const char *name, const std::array<const char *, sizeof...(Ts)> &arg_names)
-      : UserServiceBase<Ts...>(name, arg_names, enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_OPTIONAL) {}
+  UserServiceTrigger(const char *const *strings, uint32_t key)
+      : UserServiceBase<Ts...>(strings, key, enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_OPTIONAL) {}
 
  protected:
   void execute(uint32_t call_id, bool return_response, Ts... x) override {
@@ -193,8 +212,8 @@ template<typename... Ts>
 class UserServiceTrigger<enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_ONLY, Ts...> final : public UserServiceBase<Ts...>,
                                                                        public Trigger<uint32_t, Ts...> {
  public:
-  UserServiceTrigger(const char *name, const std::array<const char *, sizeof...(Ts)> &arg_names)
-      : UserServiceBase<Ts...>(name, arg_names, enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_ONLY) {}
+  UserServiceTrigger(const char *const *strings, uint32_t key)
+      : UserServiceBase<Ts...>(strings, key, enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_ONLY) {}
 
  protected:
   void execute(uint32_t call_id, bool /*return_response*/, Ts... x) override { this->trigger(call_id, x...); }
@@ -205,8 +224,8 @@ template<typename... Ts>
 class UserServiceTrigger<enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_STATUS, Ts...> final : public UserServiceBase<Ts...>,
                                                                          public Trigger<uint32_t, Ts...> {
  public:
-  UserServiceTrigger(const char *name, const std::array<const char *, sizeof...(Ts)> &arg_names)
-      : UserServiceBase<Ts...>(name, arg_names, enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_STATUS) {}
+  UserServiceTrigger(const char *const *strings, uint32_t key)
+      : UserServiceBase<Ts...>(strings, key, enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_STATUS) {}
 
  protected:
   void execute(uint32_t call_id, bool /*return_response*/, Ts... x) override { this->trigger(call_id, x...); }

esphome/components/aqi/aqi_sensor.cpp

@@ -23,8 +23,10 @@ void AQISensor::setup() {
 
 void AQISensor::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "AQI Sensor:");
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Calculation Type: %s", this->aqi_calc_type_ == AQI_TYPE ? "AQI" : "CAQI");
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Extended Range: %s", this->extended_range_ ? "enabled" : "disabled");
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Calculation Type: %s",
+                this->aqi_calc_type_ == AQI_TYPE ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("AQI") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("CAQI"));
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Extended Range: %s",
+                this->extended_range_ ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("enabled") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("disabled"));
   if (this->pm_2_5_sensor_ != nullptr) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  PM2.5 Sensor: '%s'", this->pm_2_5_sensor_->get_name().c_str());
   }

esphome/components/audio/__init__.py

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.components.esp32 import (
     add_idf_component,
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option,
     include_builtin_idf_component,
+    require_certificate_bundle,
 )
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
@@ -335,6 +336,8 @@ def _emit_memory_pair(value: str | None, psram_key: str, internal_key: str) -> N
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # Re-enable ESP-IDF's HTTP client (excluded by default to save compile time)
     include_builtin_idf_component("esp_http_client")
+    # HTTPS streams verify the server against the root certificate bundle
+    require_certificate_bundle()
 
     add_idf_component(
         name="esphome/esp-audio-libs",

esphome/components/audio_http/audio_http_media_source.cpp

@@ -30,8 +30,9 @@ void AudioHTTPMediaSource::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "Audio HTTP Media Source:\n"
                 "  Buffer Size: %zu bytes\n"
+                "  Persistent Ring Buffer: %s\n"
                 "  Decoder Task Stack in PSRAM: %s",
-                this->buffer_size_, YESNO(this->decoder_task_stack_in_psram_));
+                this->buffer_size_, YESNO(this->persistent_ring_buffer_), YESNO(this->decoder_task_stack_in_psram_));
 }
 
 void AudioHTTPMediaSource::setup() {
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ void AudioHTTPMediaSource::setup() {
 
   micro_decoder::DecoderConfig config;
   config.ring_buffer_size = this->buffer_size_;
+  config.persistent_ring_buffer = this->persistent_ring_buffer_;
   // Keep the transfer buffer smaller than the ring buffer so the reader can top up the ring
   // while the decoder is still draining it, instead of oscillating between empty and full.
   config.transfer_buffer_size = std::min(DEFAULT_TRANSFER_BUFFER_SIZE, this->buffer_size_ / 2);

esphome/components/audio_http/audio_http_media_source.h

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ class AudioHTTPMediaSource final : public Component,
 
   void set_buffer_size(size_t buffer_size) { this->buffer_size_ = buffer_size; }
   void set_task_stack_in_psram(bool task_stack_in_psram) { this->decoder_task_stack_in_psram_ = task_stack_in_psram; }
+  void set_persistent_ring_buffer(bool persistent) { this->persistent_ring_buffer_ = persistent; }
 
   // MediaSource interface implementation
   bool play_uri(const std::string &uri) override;
@@ -54,6 +55,7 @@ class AudioHTTPMediaSource final : public Component,
   // on_audio_write(). Must be atomic to avoid a data race.
   std::atomic<bool> pause_{false};
   bool decoder_task_stack_in_psram_{false};
+  bool persistent_ring_buffer_{false};
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::audio_http

esphome/components/audio_http/media_source.py

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ from esphome.types import ConfigType
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kahrendt"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["audio"]
 
+CONF_PERSISTENT_RING_BUFFER = "persistent_ring_buffer"
+
 audio_http_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("audio_http")
 AudioHTTPMediaSource = audio_http_ns.class_(
     "AudioHTTPMediaSource", cg.Component, media_source.MediaSource
@@ -28,6 +30,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 min=5000, max=1000000
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_TASK_STACK_IN_PSRAM): psram.validate_task_stack_in_psram,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PERSISTENT_RING_BUFFER, default=False): cv.boolean,
         }
     )
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
@@ -45,3 +48,4 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         cg.add(var.set_task_stack_in_psram(True))
         psram.request_external_task_stack()
     cg.add(var.set_buffer_size(config[CONF_BUFFER_SIZE]))
+    cg.add(var.set_persistent_ring_buffer(config[CONF_PERSISTENT_RING_BUFFER]))

esphome/components/binary_sensor/automation.cpp

@@ -100,13 +100,15 @@ void MultiClickTriggerBase::schedule_is_valid_(uint32_t min_length) {
   }
   this->is_valid_ = false;
   this->set_timeout(MULTICLICK_IS_VALID_ID, min_length, [this]() {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Multi Click: You can now %s the button.", this->parent_->state ? "RELEASE" : "PRESS");
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Multi Click: You can now %s the button.",
+             this->parent_->state ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("RELEASE") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("PRESS"));
     this->is_valid_ = true;
   });
 }
 void MultiClickTriggerBase::schedule_is_not_valid_(uint32_t max_length) {
   this->set_timeout(MULTICLICK_IS_NOT_VALID_ID, max_length, [this]() {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Multi Click: You waited too long to %s.", this->parent_->state ? "RELEASE" : "PRESS");
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Multi Click: You waited too long to %s.",
+             this->parent_->state ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("RELEASE") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("PRESS"));
     this->is_valid_ = false;
     this->schedule_cooldown_();
   });

esphome/components/bk72xx_ble/bdk_scan.cpp

@@ -62,8 +62,9 @@ BdkActivityState bdk_scan_state(uint8_t activity_idx) {
 
 uint8_t bdk_scan_acquire_activity() {
   uint8_t idx = app_ble_get_idle_actv_idx_handle(SCAN_ACTV);
-  if (idx == INVALID_ACTIVITY_IDX)
+  if (idx == INVALID_ACTIVITY_IDX) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Scan start failed: no idle activity handle");
+  }
   return idx;
 }
 

esphome/components/bk72xx_ble/bk72xx_ble.cpp

@@ -181,8 +181,9 @@ void BK72xxBLE::enable() {
       break;
     }
   }
-  if (!bdaddr_live)
+  if (!bdaddr_live) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Controller address still unset after init; BLE stack may not have started");
+  }
 #endif
 
   this->state_ = BLEComponentState::ACTIVE;
@@ -210,8 +211,9 @@ void BK72xxBLE::loop() {
     // Re-check a settled scan; scan_start() refills the bring-up budget.
     // WARN: the only report of a drop that recovers inside its budget.
     if (this->scan_start(this->requested_.interval, this->requested_.window, this->requested_.active) !=
-        ScanOpResult::SETTLED)
+        ScanOpResult::SETTLED) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Controller dropped the scan; restarting");
+    }
   }
 
   // Drain the lock-free ring filled by the BLE task; all per-report work runs
@@ -230,8 +232,9 @@ void BK72xxBLE::loop() {
   // Log dropped reports — only reachable when reports were processed; drops can
   // only occur while the queue is full, and only this loop drains it.
   uint16_t dropped = this->report_queue_.get_and_reset_dropped_count();
-  if (dropped > 0)
+  if (dropped > 0) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Dropped %u scan reports due to queue overflow", dropped);
+  }
 }
 
 void BK72xxBLE::get_mac_lsb_first(uint8_t out[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE]) const {
@@ -449,8 +452,9 @@ ScanOpResult BK72xxBLE::advance_stop_(BdkActivityState state, bool ready) {
   if (!ready) {
     // Acting mid-operation could delete an activity whose start lands
     // afterwards, leaking the slot with the radio on; wait.
-    if (this->last_result_ == ScanOpResult::SETTLED)
+    if (this->last_result_ == ScanOpResult::SETTLED) {
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Scan stop deferred (controller busy)");
+    }
     return ScanOpResult::PENDING;
   }
   // Settled, so CREATED unambiguously means "never started".
@@ -474,8 +478,9 @@ ScanOpResult BK72xxBLE::advance_start_(BdkActivityState state, bool ready) {
     return ScanOpResult::PENDING;
   }
   if (!ready) {
-    if (this->last_result_ == ScanOpResult::SETTLED)
+    if (this->last_result_ == ScanOpResult::SETTLED) {
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Scan start deferred (controller busy)");
+    }
     return ScanOpResult::PENDING;
   }
   if (state == BdkActivityState::CREATED) {

esphome/components/bk72xx_ble_tracker/bk72xx_ble_tracker.cpp

@@ -69,8 +69,9 @@ void BK72xxBLETracker::on_ota_global_state(ota::OTAState state, float progress,
     this->stop_scan();
     // The transfer starves the loop; a deferred stop would leave the radio
     // scanning for the whole update, so drain it here, bounded.
-    if (!this->parent_->flush_pending_stop(OTA_STOP_FLUSH_MS))
+    if (!this->parent_->flush_pending_stop(OTA_STOP_FLUSH_MS)) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Scan still stopping at OTA start; the radio may contend with the update");
+    }
   } else if (state == ota::OTA_ERROR || state == ota::OTA_ABORT) {
     // On success the device reboots, so restore only on a failed/aborted update;
     // loop() restarts the scan on its next iteration (continuous idle branch).

esphome/components/ble_client/__init__.py

@@ -1,8 +1,23 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
+import functools
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import automation
 from esphome.automation import maybe_simple_id
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble, esp32_ble_client, esp32_ble_tracker
-from esphome.components.esp32_ble import BTLoggers
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, bluetooth_connection
+from esphome.components.ble_device_base import (
+    BT_UUID16_FORMAT as bt_uuid16_format,
+    BT_UUID32_FORMAT as bt_uuid32_format,
+    BT_UUID128_FORMAT as bt_uuid128_format,
+    as_hex,
+    as_reversed_hex_array,
+    bt_uuid,
+)
+from esphome.config_helpers import (
+    filter_source_files_from_platform,
+    frameworks_for_platforms,
+)
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID,
@@ -15,13 +30,53 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_SERVICE_UUID,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
     CONF_VALUE,
+    PLATFORM_ESP32,
+    PlatformFramework,
 )
-from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID
+from esphome.enum import StrEnum
+from esphome.schema_extractors import SCHEMA_EXTRACT, schema_extractor
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-AUTO_LOAD = ["esp32_ble_client"]
+# The esp32 BLE stack (esp32_ble, esp32_ble_tracker) is imported lazily inside
+# the esp32 schema/codegen arms: importing those modules registers esp32-only
+# automations as a side effect, which must not leak into the neutral
+# platforms' registries (the bluetooth_proxy pattern).
+
+
+def _legacy_engine() -> bool:
+    """True when the build uses the legacy raw-gattc engine - one line to
+    flip when esp32 moves to the neutral engine (with
+    USE_BLE_CLIENT_LEGACY_ENGINE in _to_code_esp32)."""
+    return CORE.is_esp32
+
+
+def AUTO_LOAD() -> list[str]:
+    """The engine's closure per platform: the legacy esp32 engine builds on
+    esp32_ble_client plus bluetooth_connection (the shared service-table
+    materializer; its sources compile empty in builds without a neutral
+    node), the neutral engine on the bluetooth_connection backend. The
+    platform-less arm is the union for manifest-resolving tooling."""
+    if _legacy_engine() or CORE.target_platform is None:
+        return ["bluetooth_connection", "esp32_ble_client"]
+    return ["bluetooth_connection"]
+
+
 CODEOWNERS = ["@buxtronix", "@clydebarrow"]
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+
+FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
+    {
+        "ble_client.cpp": {
+            PlatformFramework.ESP32_ARDUINO,
+            PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        },
+        # Every framework of every non-esp32 registry platform: a platform
+        # that validates the neutral arm must also compile the neutral engine.
+        "ble_client_gatt.cpp": frameworks_for_platforms(
+            set(bluetooth_connection.GATT_CLIENT_PLATFORMS) - {PLATFORM_ESP32}
+        ),
+    }
+)
 
 CONF_DESCRIPTOR_UUID = "descriptor_uuid"
 CONF_ON_NOTIFY = "on_notify"
@@ -58,7 +113,9 @@ def notify_from_on_notify(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
 
 
 ble_client_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ble_client")
-BLEClient = ble_client_ns.class_("BLEClient", esp32_ble_client.BLEClientBase)
+# One codegen class for both engines: the exclusively-gated headers resolve
+# the name to exactly one C++ definition per build.
+BLEClient = ble_client_ns.class_("BLEClient", cg.Component)
 BLEClientNode = ble_client_ns.class_("BLEClientNode")
 BLEClientNodeConstRef = BLEClientNode.operator("ref").operator("const")
 # Triggers
@@ -105,62 +162,179 @@ CONF_AUTO_CONNECT = "auto_connect"
 
 MULTI_CONF = True
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
-    cv.Schema(
-        {
-            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BLEClient),
-            cv.Required(CONF_MAC_ADDRESS): cv.mac_address,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_NAME): cv.string,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_AUTO_CONNECT, default=True): cv.boolean,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_CONNECT): automation.validate_automation(
-                {
-                    cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(
-                        BLEClientConnectTrigger
-                    ),
-                }
-            ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_DISCONNECT): automation.validate_automation(
-                {
-                    cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(
-                        BLEClientDisconnectTrigger
-                    ),
-                }
-            ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_PASSKEY_REQUEST): automation.validate_automation(
-                {
-                    cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(
-                        BLEClientPasskeyRequestTrigger
-                    ),
-                }
-            ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_PASSKEY_NOTIFICATION): automation.validate_automation(
-                {
-                    cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(
-                        BLEClientPasskeyNotificationTrigger
-                    ),
-                }
-            ),
-            cv.Optional(
-                CONF_ON_NUMERIC_COMPARISON_REQUEST
-            ): automation.validate_automation(
-                {
-                    cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(
-                        BLEClientNumericComparisonRequestTrigger
-                    ),
-                }
-            ),
-        }
+# Keys shared by both engines' schemas.
+_COMMON_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BLEClient),
+        cv.Required(CONF_MAC_ADDRESS): cv.mac_address,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_AUTO_CONNECT, default=True): cv.boolean,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_CONNECT): automation.validate_automation(
+            {
+                cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(BLEClientConnectTrigger),
+            }
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_DISCONNECT): automation.validate_automation(
+            {
+                cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(
+                    BLEClientDisconnectTrigger
+                ),
+            }
+        ),
+    }
+).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+
+
+@functools.cache
+def _esp32_config_schema() -> cv.All:
+    """The legacy engine's schema, byte-compatible with what esp32 always had
+    (including the Bluedroid security triggers)."""
+    from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker
+
+    return cv.All(
+        _COMMON_SCHEMA.extend(
+            {
+                # Accepted-but-unused legacy key; not propagated to the
+                # neutral schema.
+                cv.Optional(CONF_NAME): cv.string,
+                cv.Optional(CONF_ON_PASSKEY_REQUEST): automation.validate_automation(
+                    {
+                        cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(
+                            BLEClientPasskeyRequestTrigger
+                        ),
+                    }
+                ),
+                cv.Optional(
+                    CONF_ON_PASSKEY_NOTIFICATION
+                ): automation.validate_automation(
+                    {
+                        cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(
+                            BLEClientPasskeyNotificationTrigger
+                        ),
+                    }
+                ),
+                cv.Optional(
+                    CONF_ON_NUMERIC_COMPARISON_REQUEST
+                ): automation.validate_automation(
+                    {
+                        cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(
+                            BLEClientNumericComparisonRequestTrigger
+                        ),
+                    }
+                ),
+            }
+        ).extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
+        bluetooth_connection.consume_gatt_slot("ble_client"),
     )
-    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
-    esp32_ble.consume_connection_slots(1, "ble_client"),
-)
+
+
+@functools.cache
+def _gatt_config_schema(platform: str) -> cv.All:
+    """The neutral engine's schema: the shared keys plus the hub reference
+    (parsed-advertisement sightings) and the GATT backend declaration.
+    Keyed by platform - the backend fragment differs per platform."""
+    return cv.All(
+        _COMMON_SCHEMA.extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA).extend(
+            bluetooth_connection.gatt_client_schema(platform)
+        ),
+        bluetooth_connection.consume_gatt_slot("ble_client"),
+    )
+
+
+@schema_extractor("schema")
+def _validate_platform(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    if config is SCHEMA_EXTRACT:
+        # Deliberate gap (the bluetooth_proxy pattern): the dumper gets only
+        # this shape, so the neutral arm's ble_hub_id is absent from editor
+        # schemas and the esp32-only keys are advertised on every platform.
+        # The language-schema dumper runs without a platform; expose the
+        # esp32 (legacy-engine) shape.
+        return _esp32_config_schema()
+    if _legacy_engine():
+        return _esp32_config_schema()(config)
+    if CORE.target_platform in bluetooth_connection.GATT_CLIENT_PLATFORMS:
+        return _gatt_config_schema(CORE.target_platform)(config)
+    raise cv.Invalid(f"ble_client is not supported on {CORE.target_platform}")
+
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = _validate_platform
 
 CONF_BLE_CLIENT_ID = "ble_client_id"
 
+
+class BLEClientFeatures(StrEnum):
+    """Per-platform engine capabilities consumers declare against."""
+
+    # The platform-neutral node interface (on_connected/table + completion
+    # callbacks) - every platform with a ble_client engine.
+    GATT_NODE = "gatt_node"
+    # The raw esp32 GATT client event stream (gattc/gap handlers,
+    # node_state) - the legacy engine only.
+    RAW_GATTC = "raw_gattc"
+    # Pairing dialog replies and bond management (Bluedroid GAP/SMP).
+    SECURITY = "security"
+
+
+def _engine_features() -> set[BLEClientFeatures]:
+    """Features the validated platform's engine provides."""
+    if _legacy_engine():
+        return {
+            BLEClientFeatures.GATT_NODE,
+            BLEClientFeatures.RAW_GATTC,
+            BLEClientFeatures.SECURITY,
+        }
+    if CORE.target_platform in bluetooth_connection.GATT_CLIENT_PLATFORMS:
+        return {BLEClientFeatures.GATT_NODE}
+    return set()
+
+
+def requires_feature(
+    feature: BLEClientFeatures, description: str
+) -> Callable[[Any], Any]:
+    """Validator gating a consumer to platforms whose engine provides
+    `feature`, naming the missing capability in the error."""
+
+    def validator(value: Any) -> Any:
+        features = _engine_features()
+        if feature not in features:
+            available = (
+                f"; this platform's engine provides: {', '.join(sorted(features))}"
+                if features
+                else ""
+            )
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"{description} requires the ble_client '{feature}' feature, "
+                f"which {CORE.target_platform} does not provide{available}"
+            )
+        return value
+
+    return validator
+
+
+# The one choke point for every node component still on the raw esp32 event
+# stream; migrating to the neutral interface (NODE_BLE_CLIENT_SCHEMA +
+# register_gatt_node) lifts it.
+_legacy_engine_only = requires_feature(
+    BLEClientFeatures.RAW_GATTC,
+    "This component drives the raw ESP32 GATT client events and has not "
+    "been migrated to the platform-neutral node interface yet; it",
+)
+
 BLE_CLIENT_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
-        cv.GenerateID(CONF_BLE_CLIENT_ID): cv.use_id(BLEClient),
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_BLE_CLIENT_ID): cv.All(
+            cv.use_id(BLEClient), _legacy_engine_only
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+# For node components on the neutral interface: valid wherever ble_client
+# itself is.
+NODE_BLE_CLIENT_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_BLE_CLIENT_ID): cv.All(
+            cv.use_id(BLEClient),
+            requires_feature(BLEClientFeatures.GATT_NODE, "This component"),
+        ),
     }
 )
 
@@ -170,11 +344,31 @@ async def register_ble_node(var, config):
     cg.add(parent.register_ble_node(var))
 
 
+def _request_gatt_node_build() -> None:
+    """Node storage and the one define meaning "the neutral node surface is
+    compiled in", plus the esp32 bridge/materializer defines."""
+    _request_node_slot()
+    cg.add_define("USE_BLE_CLIENT_GATT_NODES")
+    if _legacy_engine():
+        # Deliberately not ble_device_base.request_gatt_client(): that would
+        # claim a phantom backend slot on combined proxy builds.
+        cg.add_define("USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT")
+        cg.add_define("USE_BLE_GATT_BACKEND_BLUEDROID")
+        cg.add_define("USE_BLUEDROID_GATT_SERVICE_TABLE")
+
+
+async def register_gatt_node(var, config):
+    """Register a node on the platform-neutral interface (both engines)."""
+    parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_BLE_CLIENT_ID])
+    _request_gatt_node_build()
+    cg.add(parent.register_gatt_node(var))
+
+
 BLE_WRITE_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
         cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(BLEClient),
-        cv.Required(CONF_SERVICE_UUID): esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid,
-        cv.Required(CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID): esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid,
+        cv.Required(CONF_SERVICE_UUID): bt_uuid,
+        cv.Required(CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID): bt_uuid,
         cv.Required(CONF_VALUE): cv.templatable(cv.ensure_list(cv.hex_uint8_t)),
     }
 )
@@ -185,25 +379,34 @@ BLE_CONNECT_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
     }
 )
 
-BLE_NUMERIC_COMPARISON_REPLY_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(BLEClient),
-        cv.Required(CONF_ACCEPT): cv.templatable(cv.boolean),
-    }
+BLE_NUMERIC_COMPARISON_REPLY_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    requires_feature(BLEClientFeatures.SECURITY, "This action"),
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(BLEClient),
+            cv.Required(CONF_ACCEPT): cv.templatable(cv.boolean),
+        }
+    ),
 )
 
-BLE_PASSKEY_REPLY_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(BLEClient),
-        cv.Required(CONF_PASSKEY): cv.templatable(cv.int_range(min=0, max=999999)),
-    }
+BLE_PASSKEY_REPLY_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    requires_feature(BLEClientFeatures.SECURITY, "This action"),
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(BLEClient),
+            cv.Required(CONF_PASSKEY): cv.templatable(cv.int_range(min=0, max=999999)),
+        }
+    ),
 )
 
 
-BLE_REMOVE_BOND_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(BLEClient),
-    }
+BLE_REMOVE_BOND_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    requires_feature(BLEClientFeatures.SECURITY, "This action"),
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(BLEClient),
+        }
+    ),
 )
 
 
@@ -237,6 +440,8 @@ async def ble_connect_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 )
 async def ble_write_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
+    # The action registers itself as a neutral node in its constructor.
+    _request_gatt_node_build()
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, parent)
 
     value = config[CONF_VALUE]
@@ -251,38 +456,20 @@ async def ble_write_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
         arr = cg.static_const_array(arr_id, cg.ArrayInitializer(*value))
         cg.add(var.set_value_simple(arr, len(value)))
 
-    if len(config[CONF_SERVICE_UUID]) == len(esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid16_format):
-        cg.add(
-            var.set_service_uuid16(esp32_ble_tracker.as_hex(config[CONF_SERVICE_UUID]))
-        )
-    elif len(config[CONF_SERVICE_UUID]) == len(esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid32_format):
-        cg.add(
-            var.set_service_uuid32(esp32_ble_tracker.as_hex(config[CONF_SERVICE_UUID]))
-        )
-    elif len(config[CONF_SERVICE_UUID]) == len(esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid128_format):
-        uuid128 = esp32_ble_tracker.as_reversed_hex_array(config[CONF_SERVICE_UUID])
+    if len(config[CONF_SERVICE_UUID]) == len(bt_uuid16_format):
+        cg.add(var.set_service_uuid16(as_hex(config[CONF_SERVICE_UUID])))
+    elif len(config[CONF_SERVICE_UUID]) == len(bt_uuid32_format):
+        cg.add(var.set_service_uuid32(as_hex(config[CONF_SERVICE_UUID])))
+    elif len(config[CONF_SERVICE_UUID]) == len(bt_uuid128_format):
+        uuid128 = as_reversed_hex_array(config[CONF_SERVICE_UUID])
         cg.add(var.set_service_uuid128(uuid128))
 
-    if len(config[CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID]) == len(esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid16_format):
-        cg.add(
-            var.set_char_uuid16(
-                esp32_ble_tracker.as_hex(config[CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID])
-            )
-        )
-    elif len(config[CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID]) == len(
-        esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid32_format
-    ):
-        cg.add(
-            var.set_char_uuid32(
-                esp32_ble_tracker.as_hex(config[CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID])
-            )
-        )
-    elif len(config[CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID]) == len(
-        esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid128_format
-    ):
-        uuid128 = esp32_ble_tracker.as_reversed_hex_array(
-            config[CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID]
-        )
+    if len(config[CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID]) == len(bt_uuid16_format):
+        cg.add(var.set_char_uuid16(as_hex(config[CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID])))
+    elif len(config[CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID]) == len(bt_uuid32_format):
+        cg.add(var.set_char_uuid32(as_hex(config[CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID])))
+    elif len(config[CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID]) == len(bt_uuid128_format):
+        uuid128 = as_reversed_hex_array(config[CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID])
         cg.add(var.set_char_uuid128(uuid128))
 
     return var
@@ -339,14 +526,45 @@ async def remove_bond_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, parent)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def _to_code_esp32(config: ConfigType) -> cg.MockObj:
+    from esphome.components import esp32_ble, esp32_ble_tracker
+    from esphome.components.esp32_ble import BTLoggers
+
     # Register the loggers this component needs
     esp32_ble.register_bt_logger(BTLoggers.GATT, BTLoggers.SMP)
     cg.add_define("USE_ESP32_BLE_UUID")
+    cg.add_define("USE_BLE_CLIENT_LEGACY_ENGINE")
 
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await esp32_ble_tracker.register_client(var, config)
+    return var
+
+
+# Sizes the neutral client's node storage; the client itself requests a
+# baseline slot so the define exists on every build that compiles the engine.
+_request_node_slot = cg.slot_counter("ESPHOME_BLE_CLIENT_MAX_NODES")
+
+
+async def _to_code_gatt(config: ConfigType) -> cg.MockObj:
+    # The engine always carries the node surface (the client itself owns the
+    # baseline slot).
+    _request_gatt_node_build()
+    backend = await bluetooth_connection.new_gatt_backend(config)
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    cg.add(var.set_backend(backend))
+    # Sighting-gated connects: the client listens for the peer's parsed
+    # advertisements through the hub.
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    return var
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    if _legacy_engine():
+        var = await _to_code_esp32(config)
+    else:
+        var = await _to_code_gatt(config)
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
     cg.add(var.set_auto_connect(config[CONF_AUTO_CONNECT]))
     for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_CONNECT, []):

esphome/components/ble_client/automation.cpp

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
-#include "automation.h"
-
-namespace esphome::ble_client {
-
-const char *const Automation::TAG = "ble_client.automation";
-
-}  // namespace esphome::ble_client
-
-#endif

esphome/components/ble_client/automation.h

@@ -1,27 +1,14 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 
-#include <utility>
-#include <vector>
+#ifdef USE_BLE_CLIENT_LEGACY_ENGINE
 
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/components/ble_client/ble_client.h"
-#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
-#include "esphome/core/log.h"
-
-// Maximum bytes to log in hex format for BLE writes (many logging buffers are 256 chars)
-static constexpr size_t BLE_WRITE_MAX_LOG_BYTES = 64;
 
 namespace esphome::ble_client {
 
-// placeholder class for static TAG .
-class Automation {
- public:
-  // could be made inline with C++17
-  static const char *const TAG;
-};
-
 // implement on_connect automation.
 class BLEClientConnectTrigger final : public Trigger<>, public BLEClientNode {
  public:
@@ -93,144 +80,6 @@ class BLEClientNumericComparisonRequestTrigger final : public Trigger<uint32_t>,
   }
 };
 
-// implement the ble_client.ble_write action.
-template<typename... Ts> class BLEClientWriteAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public BLEClientNode {
- public:
-  BLEClientWriteAction(BLEClient *ble_client) {
-    ble_client->register_ble_node(this);
-    ble_client_ = ble_client;
-  }
-
-  void set_service_uuid16(uint16_t uuid) { this->service_uuid_ = espbt::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(uuid); }
-  void set_service_uuid32(uint32_t uuid) { this->service_uuid_ = espbt::ESPBTUUID::from_uint32(uuid); }
-  void set_service_uuid128(uint8_t *uuid) { this->service_uuid_ = espbt::ESPBTUUID::from_raw(uuid); }
-
-  void set_char_uuid16(uint16_t uuid) { this->char_uuid_ = espbt::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(uuid); }
-  void set_char_uuid32(uint32_t uuid) { this->char_uuid_ = espbt::ESPBTUUID::from_uint32(uuid); }
-  void set_char_uuid128(uint8_t *uuid) { this->char_uuid_ = espbt::ESPBTUUID::from_raw(uuid); }
-
-  void set_value_template(std::vector<uint8_t> (*func)(Ts...)) {
-    this->value_.func = func;
-    this->len_ = -1;  // Sentinel value indicates template mode
-  }
-
-  // Store pointer to static data in flash (no RAM copy)
-  void set_value_simple(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
-    this->value_.data = data;
-    this->len_ = len;  // Length >= 0 indicates static mode
-  }
-
-  void play(const Ts &...x) override {}
-
-  void play_complex(const Ts &...x) override {
-    this->num_running_++;
-    this->var_ = std::make_tuple(x...);
-
-    bool result;
-    if (this->len_ >= 0) {
-      // Static mode: write directly from flash pointer
-      result = this->write(this->value_.data, this->len_);
-    } else {
-      // Template mode: call function and write the vector
-      std::vector<uint8_t> value = this->value_.func(x...);
-      result = this->write(value);
-    }
-
-    // on write failure, continue the automation chain rather than stopping so that e.g. disconnect can work.
-    if (!result)
-      this->play_next_(x...);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Note about logging: the esph_log_X macros are used here because the CI checks complain about use of the ESP LOG
-   * macros in header files (Can't even write it in a comment!)
-   * Not sure why, because they seem to work just fine.
-   * The problem is that the implementation of a templated class can't be placed in a .cpp file when using C++ less than
-   * 17, so the methods have to be here.  The esph_log_X macros are equivalent in function, but don't trigger the CI
-   * errors.
-   */
-  // initiate the write. Return true if all went well, will be followed by a WRITE_CHAR event.
-  bool write(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
-    if (this->node_state != espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED) {
-      esph_log_w(Automation::TAG, "Cannot write to BLE characteristic - not connected");
-      return false;
-    }
-#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERY_VERBOSE
-    char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(BLE_WRITE_MAX_LOG_BYTES)];
-    esph_log_vv(Automation::TAG, "Will write %d bytes: %s", len, format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, data, len));
-#endif
-    esp_err_t err =
-        esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->parent()->get_gattc_if(), this->parent()->get_conn_id(), this->char_handle_, len,
-                                 const_cast<uint8_t *>(data), this->write_type_, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
-    if (err != ESP_OK) {
-      esph_log_e(Automation::TAG, "Error writing to characteristic: %s!", esp_err_to_name(err));
-      return false;
-    }
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  bool write(const std::vector<uint8_t> &value) { return this->write(value.data(), value.size()); }
-
-  void gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if,
-                           esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param) override {
-    switch (event) {
-      case ESP_GATTC_WRITE_CHAR_EVT:
-        // upstream code checked the MAC address, verify the characteristic.
-        if (param->write.handle == this->char_handle_)
-          this->parent()->run_later([this]() { this->play_next_tuple_(this->var_); });
-        break;
-      case ESP_GATTC_DISCONNECT_EVT:
-        if (this->num_running_ != 0)
-          this->stop_complex();
-        break;
-      case ESP_GATTC_SEARCH_CMPL_EVT: {
-        auto *chr = this->parent()->get_characteristic(this->service_uuid_, this->char_uuid_);
-        if (chr == nullptr) {
-          char char_buf[esp32_ble::UUID_STR_LEN];
-          char service_buf[esp32_ble::UUID_STR_LEN];
-          esph_log_w("ble_write_action", "Characteristic %s was not found in service %s",
-                     this->char_uuid_.to_str(char_buf), this->service_uuid_.to_str(service_buf));
-          break;
-        }
-        this->char_handle_ = chr->handle;
-        this->char_props_ = chr->properties;
-        if (this->char_props_ & ESP_GATT_CHAR_PROP_BIT_WRITE) {
-          this->write_type_ = ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_RSP;
-          esph_log_d(Automation::TAG, "Write type: ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_RSP");
-        } else if (this->char_props_ & ESP_GATT_CHAR_PROP_BIT_WRITE_NR) {
-          this->write_type_ = ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP;
-          esph_log_d(Automation::TAG, "Write type: ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP");
-        } else {
-          char char_buf[esp32_ble::UUID_STR_LEN];
-          esph_log_e(Automation::TAG, "Characteristic %s does not allow writing", this->char_uuid_.to_str(char_buf));
-          break;
-        }
-        this->node_state = espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED;
-        char char_buf[esp32_ble::UUID_STR_LEN];
-        esph_log_d(Automation::TAG, "Found characteristic %s on device %s", this->char_uuid_.to_str(char_buf),
-                   ble_client_->address_str());
-        break;
-      }
-      default:
-        break;
-    }
-  }
-
- private:
-  BLEClient *ble_client_;
-  ssize_t len_{-1};  // -1 = template mode, >=0 = static mode with length
-  union Value {
-    std::vector<uint8_t> (*func)(Ts...);  // Function pointer (stateless lambdas)
-    const uint8_t *data;                  // Pointer to static data in flash
-  } value_;
-  espbt::ESPBTUUID service_uuid_;
-  espbt::ESPBTUUID char_uuid_;
-  std::tuple<Ts...> var_{};
-  uint16_t char_handle_{};
-  esp_gatt_char_prop_t char_props_{};
-  esp_gatt_write_type_t write_type_{};
-};
-
 template<typename... Ts> class BLEClientPasskeyReplyAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   BLEClientPasskeyReplyAction(BLEClient *ble_client) { parent_ = ble_client; }

esphome/components/ble_client/automation_gatt.h

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+// Neutral twins of the shared ble_client automations. Class names, namespace,
+// and codegen-visible signatures are IDENTICAL to automation.h so generated
+// main.cpp compiles against whichever engine the build gates in; only the
+// internals differ (client callbacks and the neutral node interface instead
+// of raw gattc events). The Bluedroid-security automations (passkey, numeric
+// comparison, remove bond) have no neutral equivalent and stay esp32-only.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#if defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT) && !defined(USE_BLE_CLIENT_LEGACY_ENGINE)
+
+#include <tuple>
+
+#include "ble_client_gatt.h"
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ble_client {
+
+class BLEClientConnectTrigger final : public Trigger<> {
+ public:
+  explicit BLEClientConnectTrigger(BLEClient *parent) {
+    parent->add_on_connect_callback([this]() { this->trigger(); });
+  }
+};
+
+class BLEClientDisconnectTrigger final : public Trigger<> {
+ public:
+  explicit BLEClientDisconnectTrigger(BLEClient *parent) {
+    // Fires only after a completed connection (never for failed attempts),
+    // matching the legacy CLOSE_EVT semantics.
+    parent->add_on_disconnect_callback([this]() { this->trigger(); });
+  }
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class BLEClientConnectAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  BLEClientConnectAction(BLEClient *ble_client) {
+    ble_client_ = ble_client;
+    ble_client->add_on_connect_callback([this]() {
+      if (this->num_running_ != 0)
+        this->play_next_tuple_(this->var_);
+    });
+    // A connect attempt that dies (or a later disconnect) terminates the
+    // chain, mirroring the legacy DISCONNECT_EVT handling.
+    ble_client->add_on_connect_failed_callback([this]() {
+      if (this->num_running_ != 0)
+        this->stop_complex();
+    });
+    ble_client->add_on_disconnect_callback([this]() {
+      if (this->num_running_ != 0)
+        this->stop_complex();
+    });
+  }
+
+  // not used since we override play_complex_
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {}
+
+  void play_complex(const Ts &...x) override {
+    // it makes no sense to have multiple instances of this running at the
+    // same time; cancel a re-trigger while still running.
+    if (this->num_running_ != 0) {
+      this->stop_complex();
+      return;
+    }
+    this->num_running_++;
+    if (this->ble_client_->connected()) {
+      this->play_next_(x...);
+    } else {
+      this->var_ = std::make_tuple(x...);
+      // No-op while already connecting; the callback resolves the wait.
+      this->ble_client_->connect();
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  BLEClient *ble_client_;
+  std::tuple<Ts...> var_{};
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class BLEClientDisconnectAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  BLEClientDisconnectAction(BLEClient *ble_client) {
+    ble_client_ = ble_client;
+    // Both terminal outcomes resolve the wait: a completed teardown and a
+    // connect attempt that died on the way down.
+    ble_client->add_on_disconnect_callback([this]() {
+      if (this->num_running_ != 0)
+        this->play_next_tuple_(this->var_);
+    });
+    ble_client->add_on_connect_failed_callback([this]() {
+      if (this->num_running_ != 0)
+        this->play_next_tuple_(this->var_);
+    });
+  }
+
+  // not used since we override play_complex_
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {}
+
+  void play_complex(const Ts &...x) override {
+    this->num_running_++;
+    if (this->ble_client_->idle()) {
+      this->play_next_(x...);
+    } else {
+      this->var_ = std::make_tuple(x...);
+      this->ble_client_->disconnect();
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  BLEClient *ble_client_;
+  std::tuple<Ts...> var_{};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_client
+
+#endif  // USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT && !USE_BLE_CLIENT_LEGACY_ENGINE

esphome/components/ble_client/ble_client.cpp

@@ -2,10 +2,16 @@
 #include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h"
 #include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#ifdef USE_BLE_CLIENT_LEGACY_ENGINE
+
+#ifdef USE_BLE_CLIENT_GATT_NODES
+#include "esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection.h"
+#include "esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/gatt_service_table_bluedroid.h"
+#endif
 
 namespace esphome::ble_client {
 
@@ -30,6 +36,10 @@ void BLEClient::dump_config() {
 bool BLEClient::parse_device(const espbt::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (!this->enabled)
     return false;
+#ifdef USE_BLE_CLIENT_GATT_NODES
+  if (device.address_uint64() == this->address_ && this->gatt_backoff_.holding_off())
+    return false;
+#endif
   return BLEClientBase::parse_device(device);
 }
 
@@ -40,24 +50,60 @@ void BLEClient::set_enabled(bool enabled) {
   if (!enabled) {
     ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%s] Disabling BLE client.", this->address_str());
     this->disconnect();
+    return;
   }
+#ifdef USE_BLE_CLIENT_GATT_NODES
+  // A re-enable clears the backoff (neutral-engine parity).
+  this->gatt_backoff_.reset();
+#endif
 }
 
 bool BLEClient::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t esp_gattc_if,
                                     esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param) {
+#ifdef USE_BLE_CLIENT_GATT_NODES
+  // Bridge-initiated registrations bypass the base's REG_FOR_NOTIFY handling:
+  // its automatic CCCD write would double the node's own.
+  // Handle-keyed: mixed legacy/neutral subscriptions to one characteristic
+  // are unsupported during the migration window.
+  if (event == ESP_GATTC_REG_FOR_NOTIFY_EVT && esp_gattc_if == this->gattc_if_ &&
+      this->take_pending_gatt_reg_(param->reg_for_notify.handle)) {
+    if (this->pending_notify_regs_ > 0)
+      this->pending_notify_regs_--;
+    int err = param->reg_for_notify.status == ESP_GATT_OK ? 0 : param->reg_for_notify.status;
+    this->notify_state_to_gatt_nodes_(param->reg_for_notify.handle, true, err);
+    // A retiring last registration must still release the cache.
+    this->maybe_release_services_();
+    return true;
+  }
+#endif
   if (!BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(event, esp_gattc_if, param))
     return false;
 
+#ifdef USE_BLE_CLIENT_GATT_NODES
+  // Before the legacy fan-out so gatt nodes resolve before any trigger fires.
+  if (!this->gatt_nodes_.empty()) {
+    if (event == ESP_GATTC_SEARCH_CMPL_EVT) {
+      // A failed discovery tears the link down; the on_connect trigger must
+      // not fire into the teardown.
+      if (!this->handle_gatt_search_cmpl_(param->search_cmpl.status))
+        return true;
+    } else {
+      this->dispatch_gatt_event_(event, param);
+    }
+  }
+#endif
   for (auto *node : this->nodes_)
     node->gattc_event_handler(event, esp_gattc_if, param);
+  this->maybe_release_services_();
+  return true;
+}
 
+void BLEClient::maybe_release_services_() {
   // The release frees the GATT cache that BLEClientBase's CCCD lookup still needs.
-  // The last REG_FOR_NOTIFY event clears the counter before node dispatch, so the release still runs here.
   if (!this->services_.empty() && !this->notify_registration_pending() && this->all_nodes_established_()) {
     this->release_services();
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "All clients established, services released");
   }
-  return true;
 }
 
 void BLEClient::gap_event_handler(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t event, esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t *param) {
@@ -65,10 +111,19 @@ void BLEClient::gap_event_handler(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t event, esp_ble_gap_cb_p
 
   for (auto *node : this->nodes_)
     node->gap_event_handler(event, param);
+#ifdef USE_BLE_CLIENT_GATT_NODES
+  if (event == ESP_GAP_BLE_AUTH_CMPL_EVT && this->check_addr(param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.bd_addr)) {
+    int status = param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.success ? 0 : param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.fail_reason;
+    for (auto *node : this->gatt_nodes_)
+      node->on_pairing_result(status);
+  }
+#endif
 }
 
 void BLEClient::set_state(espbt::ClientState state) {
   BLEClientBase::set_state(state);
+  // ESTABLISHED never flows through here; gatt nodes are promoted after the
+  // on_connected fan-out.
   for (auto &node : nodes_)
     node->node_state = state;
 }
@@ -83,6 +138,218 @@ bool BLEClient::all_nodes_established_() {
   return true;
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_BLE_CLIENT_GATT_NODES
+
+void BLEClient::register_gatt_node(BLEClientNode *node) {
+  // Parent before the capacity check so a dropped node still has a usable
+  // parent() (neutral-engine parity).
+  node->set_ble_client_parent(this);
+  if (this->gatt_nodes_.size() == ESPHOME_BLE_CLIENT_MAX_NODES) {
+    // push_back past capacity is a silent no-op; an undersized slot count
+    // must be loud at boot, not an unresolvable node at runtime.
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%s] Node capacity exceeded; node dropped", this->address_str());
+    this->status_set_error(LOG_STR("node capacity exceeded"));
+    return;
+  }
+  this->gatt_nodes_.push_back(node);
+  // nodes_ covers the shared state bookkeeping; gatt_nodes_ is the neutral
+  // fan-out subset.
+  this->register_ble_node(node);
+}
+
+int BLEClient::find_pending_gatt_reg_(uint16_t handle) const {
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < this->pending_gatt_reg_count_; i++) {
+    if (this->pending_gatt_regs_[i] == handle)
+      return i;
+  }
+  return -1;
+}
+
+bool BLEClient::take_pending_gatt_reg_(uint16_t handle) {
+  int i = this->find_pending_gatt_reg_(handle);
+  if (i < 0)
+    return false;
+  // No duplicates (notify_characteristic refuses a re-push); swap-with-last.
+  this->pending_gatt_regs_[i] = this->pending_gatt_regs_[--this->pending_gatt_reg_count_];
+  return true;
+}
+
+void BLEClient::notify_state_to_gatt_nodes_(uint16_t handle, bool enabled, int error) {
+  if (error != 0) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Notify %s on handle 0x%04x failed, status=%d", this->address_str(),
+             enabled ? "enable" : "disable", handle, error);
+  }
+  for (auto *node : this->gatt_nodes_)
+    node->on_notify_state(handle, enabled, error);
+}
+
+void BLEClient::dispatch_gatt_event_(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param) {
+  switch (event) {
+    case ESP_GATTC_READ_CHAR_EVT:
+    case ESP_GATTC_READ_DESCR_EVT: {
+      bool ok = param->read.status == ESP_GATT_OK;
+      if (!ok) {
+        // Breadcrumb even when no node claims the handle.
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] Read on handle 0x%04x completed with status %d", this->address_str(), param->read.handle,
+                 param->read.status);
+      }
+      for (auto *node : this->gatt_nodes_) {
+        node->on_read_result(param->read.handle, ok ? param->read.value : nullptr, ok ? param->read.value_len : 0,
+                             ok ? 0 : param->read.status);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case ESP_GATTC_WRITE_CHAR_EVT:
+    case ESP_GATTC_WRITE_DESCR_EVT:
+      if (param->write.status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
+        // Breadcrumb even when no node claims the handle.
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] Write on handle 0x%04x completed with status %d", this->address_str(), param->write.handle,
+                 param->write.status);
+      }
+      for (auto *node : this->gatt_nodes_) {
+        node->on_write_result(param->write.handle, param->write.status == ESP_GATT_OK ? 0 : param->write.status);
+      }
+      break;
+    case ESP_GATTC_NOTIFY_EVT:
+      for (auto *node : this->gatt_nodes_) {
+        node->on_notify(param->notify.handle, param->notify.value, param->notify.value_len);
+      }
+      break;
+    case ESP_GATTC_UNREG_FOR_NOTIFY_EVT:
+      // The base does no CCCD work for unregister; no interception needed.
+      this->notify_state_to_gatt_nodes_(
+          param->unreg_for_notify.handle, false,
+          param->unreg_for_notify.status == ESP_GATT_OK ? 0 : param->unreg_for_notify.status);
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+bool BLEClient::handle_gatt_search_cmpl_(esp_gatt_status_t status) {
+  // The base ignores the search status; the neutral contract must not.
+  uint16_t service_total = 0;
+  bool counted = status == ESP_GATT_OK && bluetooth_connection::BluedroidServiceTable::count_services(
+                                              this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, &service_total);
+  if (!counted || service_total == 0) {
+    // A failed search poisons the whole discovery, legacy nodes included.
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Discovery failed (status=%d, services=%u)", this->address_str(), status, service_total);
+    this->gatt_backoff_.register_failure(this->address_str());
+    this->disconnect();
+    return false;
+  }
+  // Stack-owned; nodes copy their handles during on_connected().
+  bluetooth_connection::BluedroidServiceTable table;
+  if (!table.build(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, service_total, this->connection_index_)) {
+    if (!this->has_legacy_nodes_()) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Service table build failed; treating as failed discovery", this->address_str());
+      this->gatt_backoff_.register_failure(this->address_str());
+      this->disconnect();
+      return false;
+    }
+    // Only the table build failed; legacy nodes read the base's services_
+    // and keep the link. Gatt nodes catch the next connection.
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Service table build failed; gatt nodes skip this connection", this->address_str());
+    this->status_set_warning(LOG_STR("gatt nodes inactive: service table build failed"));
+  } else {
+    this->gatt_connected_ = true;
+    auto view = table.view();
+    for (auto *node : this->gatt_nodes_) {
+      node->on_connected(view);
+      if (this->state() != espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED) {
+        // The node tore the link down; remaining nodes get on_disconnected
+        // with no preceding on_connected, so leave a trace of why.
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] A node aborted the connection during setup", this->address_str());
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    this->gatt_backoff_.reset();
+    this->status_clear_warning();
+  }
+  // Promote so the legacy release condition can fire.
+  for (auto *node : this->gatt_nodes_)
+    node->node_state = espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED;
+  return true;
+}
+
+void BLEClient::on_disconnect_complete(esp_err_t reason) {
+  this->pending_gatt_reg_count_ = 0;
+  if (!this->gatt_connected_)
+    return;  // Never-established links report nothing (neutral parity).
+  this->gatt_connected_ = false;
+  for (auto *node : this->gatt_nodes_)
+    node->on_disconnected();
+}
+
+int BLEClient::check_and_log_error_(const char *operation, esp_err_t err) {
+  if (err != ESP_OK)
+    this->log_gattc_warning_(operation, err);
+  return err;
+}
+
+int BLEClient::write_characteristic(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len, bool response) {
+  if (this->conn_id_ == UNSET_CONN_ID)
+    return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  return this->check_and_log_error_(
+      "esp_ble_gattc_write_char",
+      esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, handle, len, const_cast<uint8_t *>(data),
+                               response ? ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_RSP : ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP,
+                               ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE));
+}
+
+int BLEClient::read_characteristic(uint16_t handle) {
+  if (this->conn_id_ == UNSET_CONN_ID)
+    return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_read_char", esp_ble_gattc_read_char(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_,
+                                                                                       handle, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE));
+}
+
+int BLEClient::read_descriptor(uint16_t handle) {
+  if (this->conn_id_ == UNSET_CONN_ID)
+    return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  return this->check_and_log_error_(
+      "esp_ble_gattc_read_char_descr",
+      esp_ble_gattc_read_char_descr(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, handle, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE));
+}
+
+int BLEClient::write_descriptor(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  if (this->conn_id_ == UNSET_CONN_ID)
+    return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  return this->check_and_log_error_(
+      "esp_ble_gattc_write_char_descr",
+      esp_ble_gattc_write_char_descr(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, handle, len, const_cast<uint8_t *>(data),
+                                     ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_RSP, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE));
+}
+
+int BLEClient::notify_characteristic(uint16_t handle, bool enable) {
+  if (this->conn_id_ == UNSET_CONN_ID)
+    return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  if (enable) {
+    if (this->find_pending_gatt_reg_(handle) >= 0) {
+      // ESP_OK: the in-flight registration's completion fans out to all nodes.
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Notify registration already pending for handle 0x%04x", this->address_str(), handle);
+      return ESP_OK;
+    }
+    if (this->pending_gatt_reg_count_ == MAX_PENDING_NOTIFY_REGS) {
+      // An untracked registration would let the base's auto-CCCD through.
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%s] Too many pending notify registrations", this->address_str());
+      return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
+    }
+    // The base helper's pending count holds the service-release until the
+    // (intercepted) completion.
+    esp_err_t err = this->register_for_notify(handle);
+    if (err == ESP_OK)
+      this->pending_gatt_regs_[this->pending_gatt_reg_count_++] = handle;
+    return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_register_for_notify", err);
+  }
+  return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_unregister_for_notify",
+                                    esp_ble_gattc_unregister_for_notify(this->gattc_if_, this->remote_bda_, handle));
+}
+
+int BLEClient::unpair() { return bluetooth_connection::unpair_device(this->get_address()); }
+
+#endif  // USE_BLE_CLIENT_GATT_NODES
+
 }  // namespace esphome::ble_client
 
 #endif

esphome/components/ble_client/ble_client.h

@@ -1,18 +1,20 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_BLE_CLIENT_LEGACY_ENGINE
+
+#include "ble_client_node.h"
+#include "connect_backoff.h"
 #include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h"
 #include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 #include <esp_bt_defs.h>
 #include <esp_gap_ble_api.h>
 #include <esp_gatt_common_api.h>
 #include <esp_gattc_api.h>
-#include <array>
-#include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace esphome::ble_client {
@@ -21,34 +23,6 @@ namespace espbt = esphome::esp32_ble_tracker;
 
 using namespace esp32_ble_client;
 
-class BLEClient;
-
-class BLEClientNode {
- public:
-  virtual void gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if,
-                                   esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param){};
-  virtual void gap_event_handler(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t event, esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t *param) {}
-  virtual void loop() {}
-  void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; }
-  espbt::ESPBTClient *client;
-  // This should be transitioned to Established once the node no longer needs
-  // the services/descriptors/characteristics of the parent client. This will
-  // allow some memory to be freed.
-  // The parent frees the peer's GATT cache once every node reports Established.
-  // Never report Established while an operation that reads that cache is outstanding.
-  // - esp_ble_gattc_register_for_notify() completes asynchronously.
-  // - Register from ESP_GATTC_SEARCH_CMPL_EVT, then set this from ESP_GATTC_REG_FOR_NOTIFY_EVT.
-  // - BLEClientBase::register_for_notify() holds the release until the registration completes.
-  espbt::ClientState node_state;
-
-  BLEClient *parent() { return this->parent_; }
-  void set_ble_client_parent(BLEClient *parent) { this->parent_ = parent; }
-
- protected:
-  BLEClient *parent_;
-  uint64_t address_;
-};
-
 class BLEClient final : public BLEClientBase {
  public:
   void setup() override;
@@ -64,7 +38,6 @@ class BLEClient final : public BLEClientBase {
   void set_enabled(bool enabled);
 
   void register_ble_node(BLEClientNode *node) {
-    node->client = this;
     node->set_ble_client_parent(this);
     this->nodes_.push_back(node);
   }
@@ -73,10 +46,57 @@ class BLEClient final : public BLEClientBase {
 
   void set_state(espbt::ClientState state) override;
 
+#ifdef USE_BLE_CLIENT_GATT_NODES
+  // ---- the neutral node surface (signatures shared with the non-esp32
+  // engine, so nodes on the neutral interface compile against either) ----
+  void register_gatt_node(BLEClientNode *node);
+
+  bool idle() const { return this->state() == espbt::ClientState::IDLE; }
+
+  int write_characteristic(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len, bool response);
+  int read_characteristic(uint16_t handle);
+  int read_descriptor(uint16_t handle);
+  int write_descriptor(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+  /// Local registration only; per the neutral contract the CCCD write is the
+  /// node's job (the legacy auto-CCCD is suppressed for these handles).
+  int notify_characteristic(uint16_t handle, bool enable);
+  // pair() comes from BLEClientBase, matching the neutral engine's.
+  int unpair();
+#endif
+
  protected:
   bool all_nodes_established_();
+  void maybe_release_services_();
+#ifdef USE_BLE_CLIENT_GATT_NODES
+  int check_and_log_error_(const char *operation, esp_err_t err);
+  int find_pending_gatt_reg_(uint16_t handle) const;
+  void notify_state_to_gatt_nodes_(uint16_t handle, bool enabled, int error);
+  void dispatch_gatt_event_(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param);
+  // False = failed discovery: the link comes down and the caller suppresses
+  // the legacy fan-out.
+  bool handle_gatt_search_cmpl_(esp_gatt_status_t status);
+  bool take_pending_gatt_reg_(uint16_t handle);
+  void on_disconnect_complete(esp_err_t reason) override;
+#endif
 
   std::vector<BLEClientNode *> nodes_;
+#ifdef USE_BLE_CLIENT_GATT_NODES
+  // Raise if a migrated node needs more concurrent registrations.
+  static constexpr uint8_t MAX_PENDING_NOTIFY_REGS = 4;
+
+  // Nodes on the neutral surface; fed the translated callbacks and
+  // auto-established after the on_connected fan-out. Every gatt node is
+  // also in nodes_ (registration pushes into both).
+  StaticVector<BLEClientNode *, ESPHOME_BLE_CLIENT_MAX_NODES> gatt_nodes_;
+  bool has_legacy_nodes_() const { return this->nodes_.size() > this->gatt_nodes_.size(); }
+  // Reconnect backoff after materializer failures.
+  ConnectBackoff gatt_backoff_;
+  // Bridge-initiated notify registrations awaiting REG_FOR_NOTIFY_EVT.
+  uint16_t pending_gatt_regs_[MAX_PENDING_NOTIFY_REGS];
+  uint8_t pending_gatt_reg_count_{0};
+  // on_connected fan-out started; on_disconnected is owed at teardown.
+  bool gatt_connected_{false};
+#endif
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ble_client

esphome/components/ble_client/ble_client_gatt.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+#include "ble_client_gatt.h"
+
+#if defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT) && !defined(USE_BLE_CLIENT_LEGACY_ENGINE)
+
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ble_client {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "ble_client";
+
+void BLEClient::register_ble_node(BLEClientNode *node) {
+  node->set_ble_client_parent(this);
+  if (this->nodes_.size() == ESPHOME_BLE_CLIENT_MAX_NODES) {
+    // push_back past capacity is a silent no-op; an undersized slot count
+    // must be loud at boot, not an unresolvable node at runtime.
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%s] Node capacity exceeded; node dropped", this->address_str_);
+    this->status_set_error(LOG_STR("node capacity exceeded"));
+    return;
+  }
+  this->nodes_.push_back(node);
+}
+
+void BLEClient::set_address(uint64_t address) {
+  this->address_ = address;
+  uint8_t mac[6];
+  ble_device_base::uint64_to_mac_msb_first(address, mac);
+  format_mac_addr_upper(mac, this->address_str_);
+}
+
+void BLEClient::set_enabled(bool enabled) {
+  if (enabled == this->enabled)
+    return;
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%s] %s", this->address_str_, enabled ? "Enabled" : "Disabled");
+  this->enabled = enabled;
+  if (!enabled) {
+    this->disconnect();
+    return;
+  }
+  // A re-enable clears the backoff; the next sighting connects (legacy
+  // parity: enabling does not itself connect).
+  this->backoff_.reset();
+}
+
+bool BLEClient::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+  if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_)
+    return false;
+  // The sighting is the source of truth for the address type.
+  this->address_type_ = device.get_address_type();
+  this->address_type_known_ = true;
+  if (!this->enabled || !this->auto_connect_ || this->state_ != State::IDLE)
+    return true;
+  if (this->backoff_.holding_off())
+    return true;
+  this->attempt_connect_();
+  return true;
+}
+
+void BLEClient::connect() {
+  if (this->state_ != State::IDLE) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] Connect requested while busy, ignoring", this->address_str_);
+    return;
+  }
+  // An absent peer can inhibit scanning for the backend's full connect
+  // timeout, so this is worth a breadcrumb - but it is a supported action.
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%s] Connecting on request", this->address_str_);
+  if (!this->address_type_known_) {
+    // Legacy parity: without a sighting the address type defaults to
+    // public, which never matches a random-static peer.
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] No sighting yet; assuming a public address type", this->address_str_);
+  }
+  this->attempt_connect_();
+}
+
+void BLEClient::attempt_connect_() {
+  int err = this->backend_->connect(this->address_, this->address_type_);
+  if (err != 0) {
+    // A refused connect never produces a callback: stay idle, charge the
+    // backoff, and resolve any waiting connect action through the failure
+    // path so its chain terminates.
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Connect refused, err=%d", this->address_str_, err);
+    this->backoff_.register_failure(this->address_str_);
+    this->defer([this]() { this->connect_failed_callbacks_.call(); });
+    return;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] Connecting", this->address_str_);
+  this->state_ = State::CONNECTING;
+}
+
+void BLEClient::disconnect() {
+  if (this->state_ == State::IDLE) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] Disconnect requested while idle, ignoring", this->address_str_);
+    return;
+  }
+  // A deliberate teardown's failure report must not feed the backoff.
+  this->cancel_requested_ = true;
+  int err = this->backend_->gatt_disconnect();
+  if (err != 0) {
+    // Refused synchronously: backend and client disagree about the link
+    // state. Warn, then settle through the deliberate-cancel path.
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Disconnect refused, err=%d; settling locally", this->address_str_, err);
+    this->on_connection_state(false, 0, err);
+  }
+}
+
+void BLEClient::on_connection_state(bool connected, uint16_t mtu, int error) {
+  if (connected) {
+    this->state_ = State::DISCOVERING;
+    int discover_err = this->backend_->discover_services();
+    if (discover_err != 0) {
+      // Synchronous refusal: no discovery completion will follow.
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Service discovery refused, err=%d", this->address_str_, discover_err);
+      this->backoff_.register_failure(this->address_str_);
+      // Deliberate teardown: its report must not charge the backoff again.
+      this->disconnect();
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  bool was_connected = this->state_ == State::CONNECTED;
+  bool cancelled = this->cancel_requested_;
+  this->cancel_requested_ = false;
+  this->state_ = State::IDLE;
+  if (was_connected) {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%s] Disconnected, status=%d", this->address_str_, error);
+    for (auto *node : this->nodes_) {
+      node->on_disconnected();
+    }
+    // Continuations leave the backend's event-drain stack first.
+    this->defer([this]() { this->disconnect_callbacks_.call(); });
+  } else {
+    if (cancelled) {
+      // status carries the refusal code when the teardown settled
+      // synchronously; 0 on a backend-completed cancel.
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] Connect attempt cancelled, status=%d", this->address_str_, error);
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Connect failed, status=%d", this->address_str_, error);
+      this->backoff_.register_failure(this->address_str_);
+    }
+    this->defer([this]() { this->connect_failed_callbacks_.call(); });
+  }
+}
+
+void BLEClient::on_service_discovery_done(int error) {
+  if (error != 0) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Service discovery failed, status=%d", this->address_str_, error);
+    this->backoff_.register_failure(this->address_str_);
+    // The teardown is deliberate: do not charge the backoff again for its
+    // connection report.
+    this->disconnect();
+    return;
+  }
+  ble_device_base::GattServiceTable table{};
+  if (!this->nodes_.empty()) {
+    // Materialize only when a node will read it: a client with no nodes
+    // would pay the build/free cycle on every (re)connect for nothing.
+    table = this->backend_->get_service_table();
+    if (table.service_count == 0) {
+      // A failed materialization is indistinguishable from a service-less
+      // peer, and a real GATT peer always exposes at least GAP/GATT: fail
+      // the discovery before CONNECTED so the teardown resolves through
+      // connect_failed, never a spurious on_disconnect.
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Service table is empty; treating as failed discovery", this->address_str_);
+      this->backend_->release_services();
+      this->backoff_.register_failure(this->address_str_);
+      this->disconnect();
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  // CONNECTED before the fan-out so nodes may consult connected() from
+  // their own on_connected().
+  this->state_ = State::CONNECTED;
+  for (auto *node : this->nodes_) {
+    node->on_connected(table);
+    if (this->state_ != State::CONNECTED || this->cancel_requested_) {
+      // A node tore the link down mid-fan-out: on_disconnect fires with no
+      // preceding on_connect, so leave a trace of why.
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] A node aborted the connection during setup", this->address_str_);
+      this->backend_->release_services();
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  this->backend_->release_services();
+  this->backoff_.reset();
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%s] Connected", this->address_str_);
+  this->defer([this]() { this->connect_callbacks_.call(); });
+}
+
+void BLEClient::on_write_result(uint16_t handle, int error) {
+  if (error != 0) {
+    // Breadcrumb even when no node claims the handle.
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] Write on handle 0x%04x completed with status %d", this->address_str_, handle, error);
+  }
+  for (auto *node : this->nodes_) {
+    node->on_write_result(handle, error);
+  }
+}
+
+void BLEClient::on_read_result(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len, int error) {
+  if (error != 0) {
+    // Breadcrumb even when no node claims the handle.
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] Read on handle 0x%04x completed with status %d", this->address_str_, handle, error);
+  }
+  for (auto *node : this->nodes_) {
+    node->on_read_result(handle, data, len, error);
+  }
+}
+
+void BLEClient::on_notify_data(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  // Every node sees every notification and filters by handle (legacy parity).
+  for (auto *node : this->nodes_) {
+    node->on_notify(handle, data, len);
+  }
+}
+
+void BLEClient::on_notify_state(uint16_t handle, bool enabled, int error) {
+  if (error != 0) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Notify %s on handle 0x%04x failed, status=%d", this->address_str_,
+             enabled ? "enable" : "disable", handle, error);
+  }
+  for (auto *node : this->nodes_) {
+    node->on_notify_state(handle, enabled, error);
+  }
+}
+
+void BLEClient::on_pairing_result(int status) {
+  if (status != 0) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Pairing failed, status=%d", this->address_str_, status);
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%s] Paired", this->address_str_);
+  }
+  for (auto *node : this->nodes_) {
+    node->on_pairing_result(status);
+  }
+}
+
+void BLEClient::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "BLE Client:\n"
+                "  Address: %s\n"
+                "  Auto connect: %s",
+                this->address_str_, YESNO(this->auto_connect_));
+  if (this->enabled && this->state_ == State::IDLE) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Waiting for an advertisement from the device");
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_client
+
+#endif  // USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT && !USE_BLE_CLIENT_LEGACY_ENGINE

esphome/components/ble_client/ble_client_gatt.h

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+// Platform-neutral ble_client engine on the ble_device_base GATT contract.
+//
+// Compiled on every platform with a GATT backend except esp32, which keeps
+// the legacy BLEClientBase engine (ble_client.h) until its raw-gattc node
+// family migrates - the exclusive gates make the same class names resolve to
+// exactly one definition per build, so codegen is shared.
+//
+// Connects are sighting-gated like the legacy engine: the client is a parsed
+// advertisement listener, captures the peer's address type from the sighting,
+// and asks the backend to connect only when enabled and idle.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#if defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT) && !defined(USE_BLE_CLIENT_LEGACY_ENGINE)
+
+#include "ble_client_node.h"
+#include "connect_backoff.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_gatt_client.h"
+#include "esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection.h"
+#include "esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_gatt_backend.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <functional>
+
+namespace esphome::ble_client {
+
+class BLEClient : public Component,
+                  public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener,
+                  public ble_device_base::GattClientListener {
+ public:
+  void dump_config() override;
+
+  // Public field for legacy parity (the switch platform republishes it).
+  bool enabled{true};
+
+  void set_backend(ble_device_base::BLEGattConnection *backend) {
+    this->backend_ = backend;
+    backend->set_listener(this);
+  }
+  void set_address(uint64_t address);
+  void set_auto_connect(bool auto_connect) { this->auto_connect_ = auto_connect; }
+  void set_enabled(bool enabled);
+  const char *address_str() const { return this->address_str_; }
+
+  void register_ble_node(BLEClientNode *node);
+  // One registration spelling shared with the esp32 engine's bridge.
+  void register_gatt_node(BLEClientNode *node) { this->register_ble_node(node); }
+
+  bool connected() const { return this->state_ == State::CONNECTED; }
+  bool idle() const { return this->state_ == State::IDLE; }
+
+  /// Action-initiated connect (no sighting needed; uses the last captured
+  /// address type, public until a sighting arrives). No-op unless idle.
+  void connect();
+  void disconnect();
+
+  /// Legacy-named deferral used by the automation twins: neutral listener
+  /// callbacks run inside the backend's event drain, so automation chain
+  /// continuations must leave that stack first.
+  void run_later(std::function<void()> &&f) { this->defer(std::move(f)); }  // NOLINT
+
+  // Backend ops for nodes and actions - the frozen node-facing surface.
+  // Only write_characteristic has an in-tree caller; subscribing means
+  // notify_characteristic plus a CCCD write_descriptor (the caller's job
+  // per the contract).
+  int write_characteristic(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len, bool response) {
+    return this->backend_->write_characteristic(handle, data, len, response);
+  }
+  int read_characteristic(uint16_t handle) { return this->backend_->read_characteristic(handle); }
+  int read_descriptor(uint16_t handle) { return this->backend_->read_descriptor(handle); }
+  int write_descriptor(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+    return this->backend_->write_descriptor(handle, data, len);
+  }
+  int notify_characteristic(uint16_t handle, bool enable) {
+    return this->backend_->notify_characteristic(handle, enable);
+  }
+  int pair() { return this->backend_->pair(); }
+  int unpair() { return bluetooth_connection::unpair_device(this->address_); }
+
+  // Automation callback registration.
+  template<typename F> void add_on_connect_callback(F &&callback) {
+    this->connect_callbacks_.add(std::forward<F>(callback));
+  }
+  template<typename F> void add_on_disconnect_callback(F &&callback) {
+    this->disconnect_callbacks_.add(std::forward<F>(callback));
+  }
+  // Fired when a connect attempt dies before being established; the user
+  // on_disconnect trigger deliberately does NOT fire here (legacy parity).
+  template<typename F> void add_on_connect_failed_callback(F &&callback) {
+    this->connect_failed_callbacks_.add(std::forward<F>(callback));
+  }
+
+  // ---- ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener ----
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+
+  // ---- ble_device_base::GattClientListener ----
+  void on_connection_state(bool connected, uint16_t mtu, int error) override;
+  void on_service_discovery_done(int error) override;
+  void on_read_result(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len, int error) override;
+  void on_write_result(uint16_t handle, int error) override;
+  void on_notify_data(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) override;
+  void on_notify_state(uint16_t handle, bool enabled, int error) override;
+  void on_pairing_result(int status) override;
+
+ protected:
+  enum class State : uint8_t { IDLE, CONNECTING, DISCOVERING, CONNECTED };
+
+  void attempt_connect_();
+
+  // Group 1: pointers / containers
+  ble_device_base::BLEGattConnection *backend_{nullptr};
+  // Codegen-sized (ESPHOME_BLE_CLIENT_MAX_NODES); filled during setup.
+  StaticVector<BLEClientNode *, ESPHOME_BLE_CLIENT_MAX_NODES> nodes_;
+
+  // Group 2: 8-byte types
+  uint64_t address_{0};
+
+  // Group 3: callback managers (pointer-sized when empty)
+  LazyCallbackManager<void()> connect_callbacks_;
+  LazyCallbackManager<void()> disconnect_callbacks_;
+  LazyCallbackManager<void()> connect_failed_callbacks_;
+
+  // Group 4: 4-byte types
+  // Backoff so an undiscoverable database or a dead peer cannot produce a
+  // battery-draining connect loop.
+  ConnectBackoff backoff_;
+
+  // Group 5: arrays
+  char address_str_[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE]{};
+
+  // Group 6: 1-byte types
+  State state_{State::IDLE};
+  uint8_t address_type_{0};  // BLE_ADDR_TYPE_*, captured from the sighting
+  // Distinguishes a captured public type from the never-sighted default.
+  bool address_type_known_{false};
+  bool auto_connect_{true};
+  // A user-initiated teardown in flight; its failure report is not a
+  // connect failure and must not feed the backoff.
+  bool cancel_requested_{false};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_client
+
+#endif  // USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT && !USE_BLE_CLIENT_LEGACY_ENGINE

esphome/components/ble_client/ble_client_node.h

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// The single BLEClientNode both ble_client engines share. The neutral
+// callback surface is the one interface node components build on; the raw
+// esp32 surface below it remains for components that have not migrated yet.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_gatt_client.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BLE_CLIENT_LEGACY_ENGINE
+#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+
+#include <esp_gap_ble_api.h>
+#include <esp_gattc_api.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace esphome::ble_client {
+
+class BLEClient;
+
+class BLEClientNode {
+ public:
+#ifdef USE_BLE_CLIENT_GATT_NODES
+  // Neutral surface, delivered by both engines. The table is borrowed: copy
+  // handles during on_connected(). All nodes see all completions; filter by
+  // handle.
+  // A node that disconnects from inside on_connected() aborts the fan-out;
+  // the user's on_disconnect may then fire without a preceding on_connect.
+  virtual void on_connected(const ble_device_base::GattServiceTable &table) {}
+  virtual void on_disconnected() {}
+  virtual void on_notify(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {}
+  // One in-flight registration per handle; its completion fans out to every
+  // node, so a refused duplicate request still sees on_notify_state.
+  virtual void on_notify_state(uint16_t handle, bool enabled, int error) {}
+  virtual void on_read_result(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len, int error) {}
+  virtual void on_write_result(uint16_t handle, int error) {}
+  virtual void on_pairing_result(int status) {}
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BLE_CLIENT_LEGACY_ENGINE
+  // Legacy raw surface; components overriding these need the legacy engine
+  // until migrated to the neutral surface above.
+  virtual void gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if,
+                                   esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param) {}
+  virtual void gap_event_handler(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t event, esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t *param) {}
+  virtual void loop() {}
+  // This should be transitioned to Established once the node no longer needs
+  // the services/descriptors/characteristics of the parent client. This will
+  // allow some memory to be freed.
+  // The parent frees the peer's GATT cache once every node reports Established.
+  // Never report Established while an operation that reads that cache is outstanding.
+  // - esp_ble_gattc_register_for_notify() completes asynchronously.
+  // - Register from ESP_GATTC_SEARCH_CMPL_EVT, then set this from ESP_GATTC_REG_FOR_NOTIFY_EVT.
+  // - BLEClientBase::register_for_notify() holds the release until the registration completes.
+  esp32_ble_tracker::ClientState node_state;
+#endif
+
+  BLEClient *parent() const { return this->parent_; }
+  void set_ble_client_parent(BLEClient *parent) { this->parent_ = parent; }
+
+ protected:
+  BLEClient *parent_{nullptr};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_client

esphome/components/ble_client/ble_write_action.h

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+// The ble_client.ble_write action: a node on the platform-neutral interface,
+// so one implementation serves both engines (the esp32 bridge and the
+// neutral engine).
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_BLE_CLIENT_GATT_NODES
+
+#include <tuple>
+#include <vector>
+
+// One of the two engine headers resolves per build.
+#include "ble_client.h"
+#include "ble_client_gatt.h"
+#include "ble_client_node.h"
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ble_client {
+
+static const char *const BLE_WRITE_TAG = "ble_client.automation";
+
+// Maximum bytes to log in hex format for BLE writes (many logging buffers are 256 chars)
+static constexpr size_t BLE_WRITE_MAX_LOG_BYTES = 64;
+
+template<typename... Ts> class BLEClientWriteAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public BLEClientNode {
+ public:
+  BLEClientWriteAction(BLEClient *ble_client) {
+    ble_client->register_gatt_node(this);
+    ble_client_ = ble_client;
+  }
+
+  void set_service_uuid16(uint16_t uuid) { this->service_uuid_ = ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(uuid); }
+  void set_service_uuid32(uint32_t uuid) { this->service_uuid_ = ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uint32(uuid); }
+  void set_service_uuid128(uint8_t *uuid) { this->service_uuid_ = ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_raw(uuid); }
+
+  void set_char_uuid16(uint16_t uuid) { this->char_uuid_ = ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(uuid); }
+  void set_char_uuid32(uint32_t uuid) { this->char_uuid_ = ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uint32(uuid); }
+  void set_char_uuid128(uint8_t *uuid) { this->char_uuid_ = ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_raw(uuid); }
+
+  void set_value_template(std::vector<uint8_t> (*func)(Ts...)) {
+    this->value_.func = func;
+    this->len_ = -1;  // Sentinel value indicates template mode
+  }
+
+  // Store pointer to static data in flash (no RAM copy)
+  void set_value_simple(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+    this->value_.data = data;
+    this->len_ = len;  // Length >= 0 indicates static mode
+  }
+
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {}
+
+  void play_complex(const Ts &...x) override {
+    this->num_running_++;
+    this->var_ = std::make_tuple(x...);
+
+    bool result;
+    if (this->len_ >= 0) {
+      result = this->write(this->value_.data, this->len_);
+    } else {
+      std::vector<uint8_t> value = this->value_.func(x...);
+      result = this->write(value.data(), value.size());
+    }
+
+    // on write failure, continue the automation chain rather than stopping so
+    // that e.g. disconnect can work.
+    if (!result)
+      this->play_next_(x...);
+  }
+
+  // Initiate the write; the completion arrives in on_write_result. The
+  // response-less path can complete synchronously inside the call, so the
+  // handle is armed before the backend is touched.
+  bool write(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+    if (!this->ble_client_->connected()) {
+      esph_log_w(BLE_WRITE_TAG, "Cannot write to BLE characteristic - not connected");
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (!this->resolved_) {
+      esph_log_w(BLE_WRITE_TAG, "Cannot write to BLE characteristic - characteristic was not resolved");
+      return false;
+    }
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERY_VERBOSE
+    char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(BLE_WRITE_MAX_LOG_BYTES)];
+    esph_log_vv(BLE_WRITE_TAG, "Will write %d bytes: %s", len, format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, data, len));
+#endif
+    int err = this->ble_client_->write_characteristic(this->char_handle_, data, len, this->write_response_);
+    if (err != 0) {
+      esph_log_e(BLE_WRITE_TAG, "Error writing to characteristic: %d!", err);
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  void on_connected(const ble_device_base::GattServiceTable &table) override {
+    const auto *service = ble_device_base::find_service(table, this->service_uuid_);
+    const auto *chr =
+        service == nullptr ? nullptr : ble_device_base::find_characteristic(table, *service, this->char_uuid_);
+    if (chr == nullptr) {
+      char char_buf[ble_device_base::UUID_STR_LEN];
+      char service_buf[ble_device_base::UUID_STR_LEN];
+      esph_log_w(BLE_WRITE_TAG, "Characteristic %s was not found in service %s", this->char_uuid_.to_str(char_buf),
+                 this->service_uuid_.to_str(service_buf));
+      return;
+    }
+    if (chr->properties & ble_device_base::GATT_CHAR_PROP_WRITE) {
+      this->write_response_ = true;
+    } else if (chr->properties & ble_device_base::GATT_CHAR_PROP_WRITE_NO_RSP) {
+      this->write_response_ = false;
+    } else {
+      char char_buf[ble_device_base::UUID_STR_LEN];
+      esph_log_e(BLE_WRITE_TAG, "Characteristic %s does not allow writing", this->char_uuid_.to_str(char_buf));
+      return;
+    }
+    this->char_handle_ = chr->value_handle;
+    this->resolved_ = true;
+    char char_buf[ble_device_base::UUID_STR_LEN];
+    esph_log_d(BLE_WRITE_TAG, "Found characteristic %s on device %s", this->char_uuid_.to_str(char_buf),
+               this->ble_client_->address_str());
+  }
+
+  void on_disconnected() override {
+    this->resolved_ = false;
+    this->char_handle_ = 0;
+    if (this->num_running_ != 0)
+      this->stop_complex();
+  }
+
+  void on_write_result(uint16_t handle, int error) override {
+    if (this->num_running_ == 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!this->resolved_ || handle != this->char_handle_) {
+      // A parked chain waiting on a completion that never matches would
+      // otherwise stall silently until disconnect.
+      esph_log_d(BLE_WRITE_TAG, "Write result for handle 0x%04x ignored, waiting on 0x%04x", handle,
+                 this->char_handle_);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (error != 0) {
+      // Continue the chain (legacy parity) but leave a breadcrumb.
+      esph_log_w(BLE_WRITE_TAG, "Write completed with status %d", error);
+    }
+    this->ble_client_->run_later([this]() { this->play_next_tuple_(this->var_); });
+  }
+
+ private:
+  BLEClient *ble_client_;
+  ssize_t len_{-1};  // -1 = template mode, >=0 = static mode with length
+  union Value {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> (*func)(Ts...);  // Function pointer (stateless lambdas)
+    const uint8_t *data;                  // Pointer to static data in flash
+  } value_;
+  ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID service_uuid_;
+  ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID char_uuid_;
+  std::tuple<Ts...> var_{};
+  uint16_t char_handle_{};
+  bool write_response_{false};
+  bool resolved_{false};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_client
+
+#endif  // USE_BLE_CLIENT_GATT_NODES

esphome/components/ble_client/connect_backoff.h

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
+
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace esphome::ble_client {
+
+/// Reconnect backoff after repeated connect/discovery failures, shared by
+/// both engines. 256 ms ticks in a uint16_t keep it 4 bytes; the ~4.7 h tick
+/// wrap can at worst reinstate one stale hold-off of a minute.
+class ConnectBackoff {
+ public:
+  bool holding_off() const {
+    return this->failures_ != 0 && static_cast<uint16_t>(now() - this->start_) < this->failures_ * STEP_TICKS;
+  }
+  void register_failure(const char *address_str) {
+    if (this->failures_ < MAX_STEPS)
+      this->failures_++;
+    this->start_ = now();
+    esph_log_w("ble_client", "[%s] Holding off reconnect for %u s", address_str, this->failures_ * 10u);
+  }
+  void reset() { this->failures_ = 0; }
+
+ private:
+  // ~10 s per consecutive failure, capped so a flapping peer retries within
+  // a minute at worst.
+  static constexpr uint16_t STEP_TICKS = 40;  // x 256 ms
+  static constexpr uint8_t MAX_STEPS = 6;
+  static uint16_t now() { return static_cast<uint16_t>(millis() >> 8); }
+
+  uint16_t start_{0};
+  uint8_t failures_{0};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_client
+
+#endif  // USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT

esphome/components/ble_client/output/ble_binary_output.cpp

@@ -80,8 +80,9 @@ void BLEBinaryOutput::write_state(bool state) {
   esp_err_t err =
       esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->parent()->get_gattc_if(), this->parent()->get_conn_id(), this->char_handle_,
                                sizeof(state_as_uint), &state_as_uint, this->write_type_, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
-  if (err != ESP_GATT_OK)
+  if (err != ESP_GATT_OK) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Write error, err=%d", this->char_uuid_.to_str(char_buf), err);
+  }
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ble_client

esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_gatt_client.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#include "ble_gatt_client.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
+
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ble_device_base {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "ble_gatt_client";
+
+const GattCharacteristic *find_characteristic(const GattServiceTable &table, const GattService &service,
+                                              const ESPBTUUID &uuid) {
+  // 32-bit range math: a corrupt first/count pair cannot wrap past the check.
+  uint32_t end = uint32_t(service.first_characteristic) + service.characteristic_count;
+  if (end > table.characteristic_count) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "characteristic range out of bounds");
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  for (uint32_t i = service.first_characteristic; i < end; i++) {
+    if (table.characteristics[i].uuid == uuid)
+      return &table.characteristics[i];
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+const GattDescriptor *find_descriptor(const GattServiceTable &table, const GattCharacteristic &characteristic,
+                                      const ESPBTUUID &uuid) {
+  uint32_t end = uint32_t(characteristic.first_descriptor) + characteristic.descriptor_count;
+  if (end > table.descriptor_count) {
+    // Corrupt range, not a missing descriptor.
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "descriptor range out of bounds");
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  for (uint32_t i = characteristic.first_descriptor; i < end; i++) {
+    if (table.descriptors[i].uuid == uuid)
+      return &table.descriptors[i];
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+uint16_t find_cccd(const GattServiceTable &table, const GattCharacteristic &characteristic) {
+  const GattDescriptor *desc = find_descriptor(table, characteristic, ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(CCCD_UUID));
+  return desc != nullptr ? desc->handle : 0;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_device_base
+
+#endif  // USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT

esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_gatt_client.h

@@ -11,13 +11,16 @@
 // interface. All listener calls are delivered on the ESPHome main loop;
 // borrowed data pointers are valid only for the duration of the call.
 //
-// Error domain (plain int, forwarded to the API without translation):
+// Error domain (plain int, forwarded to the API without translation, so the
+// values are wire-frozen - API clients interpret them):
 //   0            success
-//   1..0x11      ATT error codes (Bluetooth spec; BTstack and Bluedroid agree)
+//   1..0x11      ATT error codes (Bluetooth spec) - reserved; a backend whose
+//                native error codes land in this window must remap them out
 //   GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED (-1)  no connection to the peer (on esp32 a raw
 //                ESP_FAIL from the stack shares this value; both read as a
 //                failed, unusable connection on the client side)
 //   GATT_ERR_NO_MEMORY (-2)      backend storage exhausted
+//   -1..-15      reserved for future contract sentinels
 //   anything else: platform stack error/status code, surfaced opaquely.
 // Connection events carry HCI status/disconnect reason codes (same code
 // space on every controller).
@@ -99,9 +102,18 @@ class GattClientListener {
 // The BLEGattConnection op surface, asserted where the alias binds
 // (bluetooth_connection_gatt_backend.h). Operations return 0 when accepted (completion arrives
 // through the listener) or a synchronous error (busy, not connected, stack
-// rejection); one operation may be outstanding at a time. Semantics beyond
-// the signatures:
+// rejection); one operation may be outstanding at a time. An accepted
+// operation's completion is delivered from the event loop, NEVER
+// synchronously from inside the op call - a synchronous terminal
+// on_connection_state from within gatt_disconnect() would re-enter the
+// consumer mid-teardown. Semantics beyond the signatures:
 // - connect: addr_type is a BLE_ADDR_TYPE_* constant (ble_device.h).
+//   Returning 0 means the request is accepted, not that the radio acted: the
+//   backend owns integration with its platform's scan/connect arbitration
+//   (Bluedroid parks the request for the tracker's promote loop, which owns
+//   scan-stop/coex/one-connect-at-a-time; the rp2 backend opens immediately
+//   and relies on sighting-gated consumers). Consumers must not assume
+//   connect timing.
 // - gatt_disconnect: also cancels a connect in progress (named to coexist
 //   with a platform stack's own void disconnect() on one backend class).
 //   Nonzero means nothing to tear down and no completion will follow; an
@@ -143,6 +155,41 @@ concept BLEGattConnectionContract = requires(T conn, GattClientListener *listene
   { conn.set_connection_type(ConnectionType{}) } -> std::same_as<void>;
 };
 
+// ---- service table lookup helpers ----
+//
+// Neutral, bounds-checked walks over a materialized GattServiceTable for
+// direct consumers that resolve a known device's handles by UUID (streaming
+// consumers forward the raw database and never need these). Linear search:
+// the table exists only between discovery and release_services(), for one
+// small known device.
+
+/// Client Characteristic Configuration descriptor UUID (Bluetooth spec).
+static constexpr uint16_t CCCD_UUID = 0x2902;
+
+// Characteristic property bits (the Bluetooth-spec declaration byte carried
+// in GattCharacteristic::properties; the ESP-IDF macros for these do not
+// exist on the other platforms).
+static constexpr uint8_t GATT_CHAR_PROP_WRITE_NO_RSP = 0x04;
+static constexpr uint8_t GATT_CHAR_PROP_WRITE = 0x08;
+
+inline const GattService *find_service(const GattServiceTable &table, const ESPBTUUID &uuid) {
+  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < table.service_count; i++) {
+    if (table.services[i].uuid == uuid)
+      return &table.services[i];
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+const GattCharacteristic *find_characteristic(const GattServiceTable &table, const GattService &service,
+                                              const ESPBTUUID &uuid);
+
+const GattDescriptor *find_descriptor(const GattServiceTable &table, const GattCharacteristic &characteristic,
+                                      const ESPBTUUID &uuid);
+
+/// Handle of the characteristic's Client Characteristic Configuration
+/// descriptor (0x2902), or 0 when it has none.
+uint16_t find_cccd(const GattServiceTable &table, const GattCharacteristic &characteristic);
+
 }  // namespace esphome::ble_device_base
 
 #endif  // USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT

esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/__init__.py

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 """Per-platform GATT connection backends and the helpers to embed one.
 
-Backends: esp32 Bluedroid, rp2 BTstack. No user-facing configuration; the
-Bluetooth proxy's codegen declares and registers the backend instances
-through gatt_client_schema()/hub_connection_schema() + new_gatt_backend().
+Backends: esp32 Bluedroid, rp2 BTstack. No user-facing configuration; a
+consumer's codegen declares and registers the backend instances — the
+Bluetooth proxy through its per-slot connection wrappers (a streaming
+consumer), and the neutral ble_client through gatt_client_schema() +
+new_gatt_backend().
 """
 
 from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable
-from dataclasses import dataclass
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import rp2040_ble
@@ -23,7 +25,8 @@ from esphome.types import ConfigType
 def AUTO_LOAD() -> list[str]:
     """ble_device_base plus the platform BLE stack the build's backend
     registers with (the Bluedroid header includes the tracker's), so
-    consumers need not know. The platform-less arm serves manifest tooling."""
+    consumers stay platform-blind. The platform-less arm serves tooling that
+    resolves the manifest without a target."""
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         return ["ble_device_base", "esp32_ble_tracker"]
     if CORE.is_rp2:
@@ -63,6 +66,8 @@ DOMAIN = "bluetooth_connection"
 @dataclass
 class _ConnectionData:
     rp2_backend_count: int = 0
+    # GATT connection slots claimed this run, for the platform cap check.
+    slot_consumers: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
 
 
 def _get_data() -> _ConnectionData:
@@ -119,6 +124,10 @@ class _PlatformBackend:
     backend_class: cg.MockObjClass
     schema_fragment: Callable[[], cv.Schema]
     register: Callable[[cg.MockObj, ConfigType], Awaitable[None]]
+    # Selects the backend's alias-ladder arm (order-independent arms).
+    define: str
+    # The backend's on-demand materializer gate, when it has one.
+    materializer_define: str | None = None
 
 
 # The single registry of platforms with a GATT client backend; a platform
@@ -126,11 +135,20 @@ class _PlatformBackend:
 # platform's arm.
 _PLATFORM_BACKENDS: dict[str, _PlatformBackend] = {
     PLATFORM_ESP32: _PlatformBackend(
-        BluedroidGattClient, _esp32_schema_fragment, _esp32_register
+        BluedroidGattClient,
+        _esp32_schema_fragment,
+        _esp32_register,
+        "USE_BLE_GATT_BACKEND_BLUEDROID",
+        materializer_define="USE_BLUEDROID_GATT_SERVICE_TABLE",
+    ),
+    PLATFORM_RP2: _PlatformBackend(
+        RP2GattClient, _rp2_schema_fragment, _rp2_register, "USE_BLE_GATT_BACKEND_RP2"
     ),
-    PLATFORM_RP2: _PlatformBackend(RP2GattClient, _rp2_schema_fragment, _rp2_register),
 }
 
+# Gates dedicated-backend consumers (cv.only_on).
+GATT_CLIENT_PLATFORMS = list(_PLATFORM_BACKENDS)
+
 
 def _backend_entry(platform: str | None = None) -> _PlatformBackend:
     key = platform if platform is not None else CORE.target_platform
@@ -165,21 +183,89 @@ def hub_connection_schema(platform: str | None = None) -> cv.Schema:
     )
 
 
-async def new_gatt_backend(config: ConfigType) -> cg.MockObj:
+def consume_gatt_slot(
+    consumer: str, count: int = 1
+) -> Callable[[ConfigType], ConfigType]:
+    """Validator claiming GATT connection slots - the one spelling for every
+    claimant. Platforms whose BLE stack owns a connection budget (esp32, rp2)
+    are charged there and their stack's final validation reports an
+    overcommit; the neutral ledger covers any future backend platform without
+    one (the cap check in FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA)."""
+
+    def validator(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+        _get_data().slot_consumers.extend([consumer] * count)
+        if CORE.is_esp32:
+            from esphome.components import esp32_ble
+
+            esp32_ble.consume_connection_slots(count, consumer)(config)
+        elif CORE.target_platform == PLATFORM_RP2:
+            rp2040_ble.consume_connection_slots(count, consumer)(config)
+        return config
+
+    return validator
+
+
+# Platforms whose BLE stack owns its own connection budget: consume_gatt_slot
+# charges it there, and the stack's final validation is the one place an
+# overcommit is reported (never two messages for one misconfiguration).
+_STACK_BUDGET_PLATFORMS = {PLATFORM_ESP32, PLATFORM_RP2}
+
+
+def _validate_slot_totals(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    # Skipped in testing mode so grouped component builds can co-exist
+    # (mirrors esp32_ble.validate_connection_slots).
+    if CORE.testing_mode:
+        return config
+    if CORE.target_platform in _STACK_BUDGET_PLATFORMS:
+        return config
+    if (cap := HUB_MAX_CONNECTIONS.get(CORE.target_platform)) is None:
+        # Any backend platform without a stack budget must carry a cap here
+        # or fail loudly, never fail open.
+        if CORE.target_platform in _PLATFORM_BACKENDS:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"{CORE.target_platform} has a GATT backend but no slot cap "
+                "in HUB_MAX_CONNECTIONS"
+            )
+        return config
+    claimed = _get_data().slot_consumers
+    if len(claimed) > cap:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"{CORE.target_platform} supports at most {cap} GATT client "
+            f"connection(s); {len(claimed)} requested by: {', '.join(claimed)}"
+        )
+    return config
+
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _validate_slot_totals
+
+
+async def new_gatt_backend(
+    config: ConfigType, *, service_table: bool = True
+) -> cg.MockObj:
     """Instantiate the backend declared by gatt_client_schema() and register
     it with its platform stack. The connection slot is claimed at validation
-    (the proxy's slot validators), not here.
+    (the consume_gatt_slot validators), not here.
+
+    service_table is honored by the Bluedroid backend only: forward
+    scaffolding for the first esp32 direct consumer, load-bearing on no
+    current build (rp2 ignores the define and always materializes - its
+    proxy hub streams through get_service_table(), so it must keep the
+    materializer regardless of the flag).
     """
     from esphome.components import ble_device_base
 
+    entry = _backend_entry()
     ble_device_base.request_gatt_client()
+    cg.add_define(entry.define)
+    if service_table and entry.materializer_define is not None:
+        cg.add_define(entry.materializer_define)
     backend = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_BACKEND_ID])
     # The backend is the slot's real Component: component keys from the
     # connection entry (setup_priority, ...) apply to it. Consumers whose own
     # schema carries keys that register_component would misapply to the
     # backend (e.g. a polling interval) must not put them in this config.
     await cg.register_component(backend, config)
-    await _backend_entry().register(backend, config)
+    await entry.register(backend, config)
     return backend
 
 
@@ -187,6 +273,7 @@ async def new_gatt_backend(config: ConfigType) -> cg.MockObj:
 # list (this module cannot import bluetooth_proxy to derive it).
 SOURCE_FILE_FRAMEWORKS: dict[str, set[PlatformFramework]] = {
     "bluetooth_connection_bluedroid.cpp": frameworks_for_platforms([PLATFORM_ESP32]),
+    "gatt_service_table_bluedroid.cpp": frameworks_for_platforms([PLATFORM_ESP32]),
     # Every hub platform the proxy admits (the file compiles empty where
     # USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT is not defined), so a platform gaining a backend
     # cannot hit a missing-symbol trap here.

esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection.cpp

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ BatchClose close_service_batch(api::BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse &resp, size
 
 #endif  // USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
 
-#if defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT)
+#if defined(USE_ESP32_BLE) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT)
 namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection {
 
 // Address-scoped Bluedroid maintenance. Gated with the connection surface:
@@ -65,4 +65,4 @@ conn_err_t clear_gatt_cache(uint64_t address) {
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection
-#endif  // USE_ESP32 && USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
+#endif  // USE_ESP32_BLE && USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT

esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection.h

@@ -48,15 +48,16 @@ static constexpr conn_err_t CONN_OK = 0;
 // GATT contract so backend and wrapper cannot drift.
 static constexpr conn_err_t GATT_NOT_CONNECTED = ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
 
-// What the platform's connection backend supports beyond GATT operations;
-// the proxy derives its feature flags and legacy version from these.
-#if defined(USE_ESP32)
+// What the build's connection backend supports beyond GATT operations; the
+// proxy derives its feature flags and legacy version from these. Keyed on
+// the backend define, never the platform, so a second backend on one
+// platform carries its own facts.
+#if defined(USE_BLE_GATT_BACKEND_BLUEDROID)
 static constexpr bool SUPPORTS_PAIRING = true;
 static constexpr bool SUPPORTS_CACHE_CLEARING = true;
-#elif defined(USE_RP2040_BLE) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT)
+#elif defined(USE_BLE_GATT_BACKEND_RP2)
 // The rp2 BTstack backend pairs (just works + bonding); it has no service
-// cache to clear. Keyed on the backend, not the generic client define, so a
-// future backend without pairing keeps the stub arm below.
+// cache to clear.
 static constexpr bool SUPPORTS_PAIRING = true;
 static constexpr bool SUPPORTS_CACHE_CLEARING = false;
 #else
@@ -64,13 +65,14 @@ static constexpr bool SUPPORTS_PAIRING = false;
 static constexpr bool SUPPORTS_CACHE_CLEARING = false;
 #endif
 
-// Address-scoped (not connection-scoped) maintenance requests.
-#if (defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_RP2040_BLE)) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT)
+// Address-scoped (not connection-scoped) maintenance requests; keyed on the
+// stack (the calls need no backend instance).
+#if (defined(USE_ESP32_BLE) || defined(USE_RP2040_BLE)) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT)
 conn_err_t unpair_device(uint64_t address);
 #else
 inline conn_err_t unpair_device(uint64_t) { return GATT_NOT_CONNECTED; }
 #endif
-#if defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT)
+#if defined(USE_ESP32_BLE) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT)
 conn_err_t clear_gatt_cache(uint64_t address);
 #else
 inline conn_err_t clear_gatt_cache(uint64_t) { return GATT_NOT_CONNECTED; }

esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_bluedroid.cpp

@@ -2,10 +2,11 @@
 
 #if defined(USE_ESP32_BLE) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT)
 
+#include "bluetooth_connection.h"
+
 // The in-place streamer serves the proxy's service-discovery API; backend-only
 // builds compile without the proxy headers or the streamer.
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
-#include "bluetooth_connection.h"
 #include "bluetooth_connection_hub.h"
 
 #include "esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h"
@@ -300,6 +301,9 @@ int BluedroidGattClient::update_connection_params(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_
 
 void BluedroidGattClient::release_services() {
   this->service_total_ = 0;
+#ifdef USE_BLUEDROID_GATT_SERVICE_TABLE
+  this->table_.free();
+#endif
   // Always set: terminates any in-flight stream on every cache config.
   this->services_released_ = true;
 #ifndef CONFIG_BT_GATTC_CACHE_NVS_FLASH
@@ -312,6 +316,24 @@ void BluedroidGattClient::release_services() {
 #endif
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_BLUEDROID_GATT_SERVICE_TABLE
+ble_device_base::GattServiceTable BluedroidGattClient::get_service_table() {
+  // Lifetime: every teardown path (CLOSE_EVT, the safety timeout, stack-down,
+  // passive DISCONNECT) routes through release_services(), so a materialized
+  // table cannot outlive its link.
+  if (this->table_.empty() &&
+      (this->services_released_ || this->service_total_ == 0 ||
+       !this->table_.build(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, this->service_total_, this->connection_index_))) {
+    // Released / no services / failed build all collapse to empty; the
+    // build failures warned above, log the quiet two.
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] No service table (released=%d, services=%u)", this->connection_index_, this->services_released_,
+             this->service_total_);
+    return {};
+  }
+  return this->table_.view();
+}
+#endif  // USE_BLUEDROID_GATT_SERVICE_TABLE
+
 // ---- internals ----
 
 bool BluedroidGattClient::check_addr_(const esp_bd_addr_t &addr) const {
@@ -358,6 +380,11 @@ void BluedroidGattClient::log_gattc_warning_(const char *operation, int code) {
 // ---- service streaming ----
 
 int BluedroidGattClient::handle_search_cmpl_(esp_gatt_status_t status) {
+#ifdef USE_BLUEDROID_GATT_SERVICE_TABLE
+  // Re-discovery moves the counts the table view derives offsets from; free
+  // the stale table.
+  this->table_.free();
+#endif
   // Step down from the fast discovery params.
   this->update_conn_params_(MEDIUM_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL, MEDIUM_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL, 0, MEDIUM_CONN_TIMEOUT, "medium");
   if (status != ESP_GATT_OK) {

esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_bluedroid.h

@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@
 
 #if defined(USE_ESP32_BLE) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT)
 
+#include "bluetooth_connection.h"
+#include "gatt_service_table_bluedroid.h"
+
 #include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_gatt_client.h"
 #include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
@@ -72,11 +75,16 @@ class BluedroidGattClient final : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTClient, public
   int notify_characteristic(uint16_t handle, bool enable);
   int pair();
   int update_connection_params(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency, uint16_t timeout);
-  // Contract stub: the proxy streams in place; the on-demand materializer
-  // for direct consumers lands with #18205. NOTE: a direct consumer reaching
-  // this stub gets an empty table indistinguishable from a service-less
-  // peer - do not ship one against this backend before the materializer.
+  // On-demand table for direct consumers; the proxy streams instead, so the
+  // materializer compiles only under USE_BLUEDROID_GATT_SERVICE_TABLE (emitted by
+  // direct-consumer codegen, never by the proxy).
+#ifdef USE_BLUEDROID_GATT_SERVICE_TABLE
+  ble_device_base::GattServiceTable get_service_table();
+#else
+  // A direct consumer reaching this stub misconfigured its codegen
+  // (service_table=False): the empty table reads as a service-less peer.
   ble_device_base::GattServiceTable get_service_table() { return {}; }
+#endif
   void release_services();
 
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
@@ -105,6 +113,9 @@ class BluedroidGattClient final : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTClient, public
 
   // Group 1: pointers / composed objects
   ble_device_base::GattClientListener *listener_{nullptr};
+#ifdef USE_BLUEDROID_GATT_SERVICE_TABLE
+  BluedroidServiceTable table_;
+#endif
   // Group 2: 4-byte types
   uint32_t disconnecting_started_{0};
 

esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_gatt_backend.h

@@ -12,10 +12,12 @@
 
 #include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_gatt_client.h"
 
-#if defined(USE_RP2040_BLE)
+// Arms are keyed on codegen-emitted per-backend defines (_PLATFORM_BACKENDS
+// in __init__.py), so they are order-independent.
+#if defined(USE_BLE_GATT_BACKEND_RP2)
 #include "bluetooth_connection_rp2.h"
 #define ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CONNECTION_TYPE bluetooth_connection::RP2GattClient
-#elif defined(USE_ESP32_BLE)
+#elif defined(USE_BLE_GATT_BACKEND_BLUEDROID)
 #include "bluetooth_connection_bluedroid.h"
 #define ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CONNECTION_TYPE bluetooth_connection::BluedroidGattClient
 #elif defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_STUB_BACKEND)

esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/gatt_service_table_bluedroid.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+#include "gatt_service_table_bluedroid.h"
+
+#if defined(USE_ESP32_BLE) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT) && defined(USE_BLUEDROID_GATT_SERVICE_TABLE)
+
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "gatt_service_table";
+
+// A stack that never reports end-of-range would otherwise walk forever.
+static constexpr uint16_t MAX_DESCRIPTORS_PER_CHARACTERISTIC = 64;
+
+// Shared enumeration for both build passes: an identical walk order is what
+// lets the counting pass size the block the filling pass fills.
+// INVALID_OFFSET/NOT_FOUND mean end-of-range; anything else is a failure.
+template<typename ServiceFn, typename CharFn, typename DescFn>
+bool BluedroidServiceTable::walk_(ServiceFn &&on_service, CharFn &&on_char, DescFn &&on_desc) {
+  for (uint16_t s = 0; s < this->service_total_; s++) {
+    esp_gattc_service_elem_t svc;
+    uint16_t svc_count = 1;
+    auto svc_status = esp_ble_gattc_get_service(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, nullptr, &svc, &svc_count, s);
+    if (svc_status != ESP_GATT_OK || svc_count == 0) {
+      this->log_walk_warning_("esp_ble_gattc_get_service", svc_status);
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (!on_service(s, svc)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    uint16_t svc_chars = 0;
+    auto count_status = esp_ble_gattc_get_attr_count(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, ESP_GATT_DB_CHARACTERISTIC,
+                                                     svc.start_handle, svc.end_handle, 0, &svc_chars);
+    if (count_status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
+      this->log_walk_warning_("esp_ble_gattc_get_attr_count", count_status);
+      return false;
+    }
+    for (uint16_t c = 0; c < svc_chars; c++) {
+      esp_gattc_char_elem_t chr;
+      uint16_t char_count = 1;
+      auto status = esp_ble_gattc_get_all_char(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, svc.start_handle, svc.end_handle, &chr,
+                                               &char_count, c);
+      if (status != ESP_GATT_OK || char_count == 0) {
+        // An early terminator contradicts svc_chars from the same cache;
+        // never build a silently truncated table.
+        this->log_walk_warning_("esp_ble_gattc_get_all_char", status);
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (!on_char(svc, chr)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      for (uint16_t d = 0;; d++) {
+        if (d == MAX_DESCRIPTORS_PER_CHARACTERISTIC) {
+          // A stack that never reports end-of-range; fail like every other
+          // inconsistency instead of truncating the table silently.
+          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] Descriptor walk exceeded %u entries", this->log_index_,
+                   MAX_DESCRIPTORS_PER_CHARACTERISTIC);
+          return false;
+        }
+        esp_gattc_descr_elem_t desc;
+        uint16_t desc_count = 1;
+        auto desc_status =
+            esp_ble_gattc_get_all_descr(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, chr.char_handle, &desc, &desc_count, d);
+        if (desc_status == ESP_GATT_INVALID_OFFSET || desc_status == ESP_GATT_NOT_FOUND) {
+          break;
+        }
+        if (desc_status != ESP_GATT_OK || desc_count == 0) {
+          this->log_walk_warning_("esp_ble_gattc_get_all_descr", desc_status);
+          return false;
+        }
+        if (!on_desc(chr, desc)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool BluedroidServiceTable::count_services(esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if, uint16_t conn_id, uint16_t *total) {
+  uint16_t primary = 0;
+  uint16_t secondary = 0;
+  if (esp_ble_gattc_get_attr_count(gattc_if, conn_id, ESP_GATT_DB_PRIMARY_SERVICE, 0x0001, 0xFFFF, 0, &primary) !=
+          ESP_GATT_OK ||
+      esp_ble_gattc_get_attr_count(gattc_if, conn_id, ESP_GATT_DB_SECONDARY_SERVICE, 0x0001, 0xFFFF, 0, &secondary) !=
+          ESP_GATT_OK) {
+    // A failed count must not read as an authoritative empty database.
+    return false;
+  }
+  *total = primary + secondary;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool BluedroidServiceTable::build(esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if, uint16_t conn_id, uint16_t service_total, uint8_t log_index) {
+  this->free();
+  this->gattc_if_ = gattc_if;
+  this->conn_id_ = conn_id;
+  this->service_total_ = service_total;
+  this->log_index_ = log_index;
+
+  // Pass 1: count, so one exact-size block holds the whole table.
+  uint16_t char_total = 0;
+  uint16_t desc_total = 0;
+  bool counted = this->walk_([](uint16_t, const esp_gattc_service_elem_t &) { return true; },
+                             [&](const esp_gattc_service_elem_t &, const esp_gattc_char_elem_t &) {
+                               char_total++;
+                               return true;
+                             },
+                             [&](const esp_gattc_char_elem_t &, const esp_gattc_descr_elem_t &) {
+                               desc_total++;
+                               return true;
+                             });
+  if (!counted) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] Service table walk failed during count", this->log_index_);
+    this->free();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // The arrays share one block; carving stays aligned because each struct's
+  // strictest member is the UUID and array sizes are multiples of it.
+  static_assert(alignof(ble_device_base::GattService) >= alignof(ble_device_base::GattCharacteristic) &&
+                alignof(ble_device_base::GattCharacteristic) >= alignof(ble_device_base::GattDescriptor));
+  size_t svc_bytes = this->service_total_ * sizeof(ble_device_base::GattService);
+  size_t char_bytes = char_total * sizeof(ble_device_base::GattCharacteristic);
+  size_t total_bytes = svc_bytes + char_bytes + desc_total * sizeof(ble_device_base::GattDescriptor);
+  RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator(RAMAllocator<uint8_t>::ALLOC_INTERNAL);
+  this->storage_ = allocator.allocate(total_bytes);
+  if (this->storage_ == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] Service table allocation failed (%u bytes)", this->log_index_,
+             static_cast<unsigned>(total_bytes));
+    this->free();
+    return false;
+  }
+  auto *services = reinterpret_cast<ble_device_base::GattService *>(this->storage_);
+  auto *characteristics = reinterpret_cast<ble_device_base::GattCharacteristic *>(this->storage_ + svc_bytes);
+  auto *descriptors = reinterpret_cast<ble_device_base::GattDescriptor *>(this->storage_ + svc_bytes + char_bytes);
+
+  // Pass 2: fill, bounded by the pass-1 totals. A bound trip or a shortfall
+  // means the cached database changed between the passes; fail the build
+  // rather than serve an inconsistent table (the consumer retries).
+  uint16_t char_index = 0;
+  uint16_t desc_index = 0;
+  ble_device_base::GattService *cur_service = nullptr;
+  ble_device_base::GattCharacteristic *cur_char = nullptr;
+  bool filled = this->walk_(
+      [&](uint16_t s, const esp_gattc_service_elem_t &svc) {
+        cur_service = &services[s];
+        cur_service->uuid = ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uuid(svc.uuid);
+        cur_service->start_handle = svc.start_handle;
+        cur_service->end_handle = svc.end_handle;
+        cur_service->first_characteristic = char_index;
+        cur_service->characteristic_count = 0;
+        return true;
+      },
+      [&](const esp_gattc_service_elem_t &svc, const esp_gattc_char_elem_t &chr) {
+        if (char_index >= char_total) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        cur_char = &characteristics[char_index++];
+        cur_char->uuid = ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uuid(chr.uuid);
+        cur_char->value_handle = chr.char_handle;
+        // Bluedroid addresses descriptors by characteristic handle, so the
+        // table's end_handle only needs the service-bounded upper bound.
+        cur_char->end_handle = svc.end_handle;
+        cur_char->properties = chr.properties;
+        cur_char->first_descriptor = desc_index;
+        cur_char->descriptor_count = 0;
+        cur_service->characteristic_count++;
+        return true;
+      },
+      [&](const esp_gattc_char_elem_t &, const esp_gattc_descr_elem_t &desc) {
+        if (desc_index >= desc_total) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        descriptors[desc_index].uuid = ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uuid(desc.uuid);
+        descriptors[desc_index].handle = desc.handle;
+        desc_index++;
+        cur_char->descriptor_count++;
+        return true;
+      });
+  if (!filled || char_index != char_total || desc_index != desc_total) {
+    // Walk error or the database changed between passes; better an empty
+    // table than a corrupt one.
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] Service table walk mismatch, discarding", this->log_index_);
+    this->free();
+    return false;
+  }
+  this->char_total_ = char_total;
+  this->desc_total_ = desc_total;
+  return true;
+}
+
+void BluedroidServiceTable::log_walk_warning_(const char *operation, int code) {
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] %s failed, status=%d", this->log_index_, operation, code);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection
+
+#endif  // USE_ESP32_BLE && USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT && USE_BLUEDROID_GATT_SERVICE_TABLE

esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/gatt_service_table_bluedroid.h

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+// Owning two-pass materializer of one Bluedroid GATT database snapshot into
+// the neutral GattServiceTable layout, shared by the BluedroidGattClient
+// backend and ble_client's esp32 engine.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#if defined(USE_ESP32_BLE) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT) && defined(USE_BLUEDROID_GATT_SERVICE_TABLE)
+
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_gatt_client.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+#include <esp_gattc_api.h>
+
+namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection {
+
+class BluedroidServiceTable {
+ public:
+  ~BluedroidServiceTable() { this->free(); }
+  // Owns storage_; a copy would double-free.
+  BluedroidServiceTable() = default;
+  BluedroidServiceTable(const BluedroidServiceTable &) = delete;
+  BluedroidServiceTable &operator=(const BluedroidServiceTable &) = delete;
+
+  /// The service count build() requires: the stack's PRIMARY+SECONDARY
+  /// attribute totals, never the SEARCH_RES event count.
+  static bool count_services(esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if, uint16_t conn_id, uint16_t *total);
+
+  /// Two-pass build from the stack's cached database (service_total from
+  /// count_services()). log_index labels warnings. Frees any previous table
+  /// first; on failure the table is left empty.
+  bool build(esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if, uint16_t conn_id, uint16_t service_total, uint8_t log_index);
+
+  // The view is carved from the storage block and the counts on each call
+  // (a cold path) rather than cached, saving a per-instance table member.
+  ble_device_base::GattServiceTable view() const {
+    size_t svc_bytes = this->service_total_ * sizeof(ble_device_base::GattService);
+    size_t char_bytes = this->char_total_ * sizeof(ble_device_base::GattCharacteristic);
+    return {reinterpret_cast<const ble_device_base::GattService *>(this->storage_),
+            reinterpret_cast<const ble_device_base::GattCharacteristic *>(this->storage_ + svc_bytes),
+            reinterpret_cast<const ble_device_base::GattDescriptor *>(this->storage_ + svc_bytes + char_bytes),
+            this->service_total_,
+            this->char_total_,
+            this->desc_total_};
+  }
+
+  // Always resets the counts: a failed build must never leave a non-zero
+  // service_total_ behind a null table.
+  void free() {
+    if (this->storage_ != nullptr) {
+      RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator(RAMAllocator<uint8_t>::ALLOC_INTERNAL);
+      allocator.deallocate(this->storage_, 0);
+      this->storage_ = nullptr;
+    }
+    this->service_total_ = 0;
+    this->char_total_ = 0;
+    this->desc_total_ = 0;
+  }
+
+  bool empty() const { return this->storage_ == nullptr; }
+
+ private:
+  template<typename ServiceFn, typename CharFn, typename DescFn>
+  bool walk_(ServiceFn &&on_service, CharFn &&on_char, DescFn &&on_desc);
+  void log_walk_warning_(const char *operation, int code);
+
+  uint8_t *storage_{nullptr};
+  uint16_t service_total_{0};
+  uint16_t char_total_{0};
+  uint16_t desc_total_{0};
+  // Walk context, set by build().
+  uint16_t conn_id_{0};
+  esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if_{};  // uint8_t width
+  uint8_t log_index_{0};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection
+
+#endif  // USE_ESP32_BLE && USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT && USE_BLUEDROID_GATT_SERVICE_TABLE

esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/__init__.py

@@ -98,9 +98,15 @@ def _esp32_config_schema() -> cv.All:
                 raise cv.Invalid(
                     "Connections can only be used if the proxy is set to active"
                 )
+            # Explicit entries claim slots like the generated ones; dev
+            # historically skipped this, letting an explicit-connections
+            # config evade the controller budget.
+            bluetooth_connection.consume_gatt_slot(
+                "bluetooth_proxy", len(config[CONF_CONNECTIONS])
+            )(config)
         elif config[CONF_ACTIVE]:
             connection_slots: int = config[CONF_CONNECTION_SLOTS]
-            esp32_ble.consume_connection_slots(connection_slots, "bluetooth_proxy")(
+            bluetooth_connection.consume_gatt_slot("bluetooth_proxy", connection_slots)(
                 config
             )
 
@@ -157,14 +163,14 @@ def _rp2_config_schema() -> cv.All:
     connection_schema = bluetooth_connection.hub_connection_schema(PLATFORM_RP2)
 
     def populate_connections(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
-        from esphome.components import rp2040_ble
-
         # One wrapper + backend pair per slot, declared during validation so
         # their ids exist for codegen (the esp32 arm's `connections` pattern).
         if not config[CONF_ACTIVE]:
             return config
         connection_slots: int = config[CONF_CONNECTION_SLOTS]
-        rp2040_ble.consume_connection_slots(connection_slots, "bluetooth_proxy")(config)
+        bluetooth_connection.consume_gatt_slot("bluetooth_proxy", connection_slots)(
+            config
+        )
         return {
             **config,
             CONF_CONNECTIONS: [connection_schema({}) for _ in range(connection_slots)],
@@ -214,7 +220,9 @@ async def _connections_to_code(var: cg.MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
         # sends those requests and their handlers and encoders are dead.
         cg.add_define("USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS")
     for connection_conf in connections:
-        backend = await bluetooth_connection.new_gatt_backend(connection_conf)
+        backend = await bluetooth_connection.new_gatt_backend(
+            connection_conf, service_table=False
+        )
         connection = cg.new_Pvariable(connection_conf[CONF_ID])
         cg.add(connection.set_backend(backend))
         cg.add(var.register_connection(connection))

esphome/components/bme680/bme680.cpp

@@ -327,10 +327,12 @@ void BME680Component::read_data_() {
 
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Got temperature=%.1f°C pressure=%.1fhPa humidity=%.1f%% gas_resistance=%.1fΩ", temperature, pressure,
            humidity, gas_resistance);
-  if (!gas_valid)
+  if (!gas_valid) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Gas measurement unsuccessful, reading invalid!");
-  if (!heat_stable)
+  }
+  if (!heat_stable) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Heater unstable, reading invalid! (Normal for a few readings after a power cycle)");
+  }
 
   if (this->temperature_sensor_ != nullptr)
     this->temperature_sensor_->publish_state(temperature);

esphome/components/bme680_bsec/bme680_bsec.cpp

@@ -162,8 +162,9 @@ void BME680BSECComponent::dump_config() {
                 "  Supply Voltage: %sV\n"
                 "  Sample Rate: %s\n"
                 "  State Save Interval: %" PRIu32 "ms",
-                this->temperature_offset_, this->iaq_mode_ == IAQ_MODE_STATIC ? "Static" : "Mobile",
-                this->supply_voltage_ == SUPPLY_VOLTAGE_3V3 ? "3.3" : "1.8",
+                this->temperature_offset_,
+                this->iaq_mode_ == IAQ_MODE_STATIC ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("Static") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("Mobile"),
+                this->supply_voltage_ == SUPPLY_VOLTAGE_3V3 ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("3.3") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("1.8"),
                 BME680_BSEC_SAMPLE_RATE_LOG(this->sample_rate_), this->state_save_interval_ms_);
 
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Temperature", this->temperature_sensor_);

esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_index.h

@@ -7,146 +7,146 @@ namespace esphome::captive_portal {
 
 #ifdef USE_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_GZIP
 constexpr uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
-    0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x95, 0x16, 0x6b, 0x8f, 0xdb, 0x36, 0xf2, 0x7b, 0x7f,
-    0x05, 0x8f, 0x4d, 0x1b, 0xa9, 0xb1, 0xa8, 0x87, 0xd7, 0xde, 0x44, 0x96, 0x54, 0xa4, 0x7b, 0x2d, 0x5a, 0xa0, 0x69,
-    0x03, 0xec, 0x36, 0xf7, 0x21, 0x08, 0xb0, 0x34, 0x39, 0xb2, 0x98, 0xa5, 0x48, 0x1d, 0x49, 0xbf, 0x62, 0xf8, 0x7e,
-    0xfb, 0x81, 0x92, 0xec, 0xf5, 0x2e, 0x9a, 0x03, 0x0e, 0x86, 0x85, 0x19, 0xce, 0x7b, 0x38, 0x0f, 0x16, 0xff, 0xe0,
-    0x9a, 0xb9, 0x7d, 0x07, 0xa8, 0x71, 0xad, 0xac, 0x0a, 0xff, 0x45, 0x92, 0xaa, 0x55, 0x09, 0xaa, 0x2a, 0x1a, 0xa0,
-    0xbc, 0x2a, 0x5a, 0x70, 0x14, 0xb1, 0x86, 0x1a, 0x0b, 0xae, 0xfc, 0xeb, 0xee, 0x97, 0xe8, 0x75, 0x55, 0x48, 0xa1,
-    0x1e, 0x90, 0x01, 0x59, 0x0a, 0xa6, 0x15, 0x6a, 0x0c, 0xd4, 0x25, 0xa7, 0x8e, 0xe6, 0xa2, 0xa5, 0x2b, 0x18, 0x45,
-    0x14, 0x6d, 0xa1, 0xdc, 0x08, 0xd8, 0x76, 0xda, 0x38, 0xc4, 0xb4, 0x72, 0xa0, 0x5c, 0x89, 0xb7, 0x82, 0xbb, 0xa6,
-    0xe4, 0xb0, 0x11, 0x0c, 0xa2, 0x1e, 0x99, 0x08, 0x25, 0x9c, 0xa0, 0x32, 0xb2, 0x8c, 0x4a, 0x28, 0xd3, 0xc9, 0xda,
-    0x82, 0xe9, 0x11, 0xba, 0x94, 0x50, 0x2a, 0x8d, 0xab, 0xc2, 0x32, 0x23, 0x3a, 0x87, 0xbc, 0xab, 0x65, 0xab, 0xf9,
-    0x5a, 0x42, 0x15, 0xc7, 0xd4, 0x5a, 0x70, 0x36, 0x16, 0x8a, 0xc3, 0x8e, 0xd0, 0x6b, 0xb8, 0xa6, 0x2c, 0x4d, 0xc8,
-    0x67, 0xfb, 0x0d, 0xd7, 0x6c, 0xdd, 0x82, 0x72, 0x44, 0x6a, 0x46, 0x9d, 0xd0, 0x8a, 0x58, 0xa0, 0x86, 0x35, 0x65,
-    0x59, 0xe2, 0x1f, 0x2d, 0xdd, 0x00, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xfb, 0xe0, 0xcc, 0xb4, 0x02, 0xf7, 0xb3, 0x04, 0x0f, 0xda, 0x9f,
-    0xf6, 0x77, 0x74, 0xf5, 0x07, 0x6d, 0x21, 0xc0, 0xd4, 0x0a, 0x0e, 0x38, 0xfc, 0x98, 0x7c, 0x22, 0xd6, 0xed, 0x25,
-    0x10, 0x2e, 0x6c, 0x27, 0xe9, 0xbe, 0xc4, 0x4b, 0xa9, 0xd9, 0x03, 0x0e, 0x17, 0xf5, 0x5a, 0x31, 0xaf, 0x1c, 0xe9,
-    0x00, 0xc2, 0x83, 0x04, 0x87, 0x5c, 0xf9, 0x8e, 0xba, 0x86, 0xb4, 0x74, 0x17, 0x0c, 0x80, 0x50, 0x41, 0xf6, 0x43,
-    0x00, 0xaf, 0xd2, 0x24, 0x09, 0x27, 0xfd, 0x27, 0x09, 0xe3, 0x34, 0x49, 0x16, 0x06, 0xdc, 0xda, 0x28, 0x44, 0x83,
-    0xfb, 0xa2, 0xa3, 0xae, 0x41, 0xbc, 0xc4, 0xef, 0xd2, 0x0c, 0xa5, 0x6f, 0x48, 0x36, 0xfb, 0x9d, 0x5c, 0xa3, 0x2b,
-    0x92, 0xcd, 0xd8, 0x75, 0x34, 0x43, 0xe9, 0x55, 0x34, 0x43, 0x59, 0x46, 0x66, 0x28, 0xf9, 0x82, 0x51, 0x2d, 0xa4,
-    0x2c, 0xb1, 0xd2, 0x0a, 0x30, 0xb2, 0xce, 0xe8, 0x07, 0x28, 0x31, 0x5b, 0x1b, 0x03, 0xca, 0xdd, 0x68, 0xa9, 0x0d,
-    0x8e, 0xab, 0x6f, 0xfe, 0x2f, 0x85, 0xce, 0x50, 0x65, 0x6b, 0x6d, 0xda, 0x12, 0xf7, 0xd9, 0x0f, 0x5e, 0x1c, 0xdc,
-    0x11, 0xf9, 0x4f, 0x78, 0x41, 0x8c, 0xb4, 0x11, 0x2b, 0xa1, 0x4a, 0xec, 0x35, 0xbe, 0xc6, 0x71, 0x75, 0x1f, 0x1e,
-    0xcf, 0xd1, 0x53, 0x1f, 0xfd, 0x18, 0x0f, 0x0f, 0x3e, 0xde, 0x17, 0x76, 0xb3, 0x42, 0xbb, 0x56, 0x2a, 0x5b, 0xe2,
-    0xc6, 0xb9, 0x2e, 0x8f, 0xe3, 0xed, 0x76, 0x4b, 0xb6, 0x53, 0xa2, 0xcd, 0x2a, 0xce, 0x92, 0x24, 0x89, 0xed, 0x66,
-    0x85, 0xd1, 0x50, 0x08, 0x38, 0xbb, 0xc2, 0xa8, 0x01, 0xb1, 0x6a, 0x5c, 0x0f, 0x57, 0x2f, 0x0e, 0x70, 0x2c, 0x3c,
-    0x47, 0x75, 0xff, 0xe9, 0xc2, 0x8a, 0xb9, 0xb0, 0x02, 0x3f, 0xd2, 0x00, 0x9f, 0xc2, 0x7c, 0xd9, 0x87, 0x79, 0x4d,
-    0x33, 0x94, 0xa1, 0xa4, 0xff, 0x65, 0x91, 0x87, 0x47, 0x2c, 0x7a, 0x86, 0xa1, 0x0b, 0xcc, 0x43, 0xed, 0x3c, 0x7a,
-    0x73, 0x96, 0x4d, 0xfd, 0xc9, 0x26, 0x4d, 0x1e, 0x0f, 0xbc, 0xc0, 0xaf, 0xf3, 0x4b, 0x3c, 0xca, 0x3e, 0x5c, 0x32,
-    0x78, 0x6b, 0x4d, 0xfa, 0x61, 0x4e, 0x67, 0x68, 0x36, 0x9e, 0xcc, 0x22, 0x0f, 0x9f, 0x31, 0x34, 0xdb, 0x64, 0x4d,
-    0xda, 0x46, 0xf3, 0x68, 0x46, 0xa7, 0x68, 0x3a, 0x3a, 0x32, 0x45, 0xd3, 0x4d, 0xd6, 0xcc, 0x3f, 0xcc, 0x2f, 0xcf,
-    0xa2, 0xe9, 0x97, 0x97, 0x71, 0x85, 0xc3, 0x1c, 0xe3, 0xc7, 0xc8, 0xf9, 0x65, 0xe4, 0xe4, 0xb3, 0x16, 0x2a, 0xc0,
-    0x38, 0x3c, 0xd6, 0xe0, 0x58, 0x13, 0xe0, 0x98, 0x69, 0x55, 0x8b, 0x15, 0xf9, 0x6c, 0xb5, 0xc2, 0x21, 0x71, 0x0d,
-    0xa8, 0xe0, 0x24, 0xea, 0x05, 0xa1, 0xa7, 0x04, 0xcf, 0x29, 0x2e, 0x3c, 0x9c, 0xeb, 0xdf, 0x09, 0x27, 0xa1, 0x74,
-    0xc4, 0x37, 0xec, 0xe4, 0x6f, 0xba, 0xe2, 0xa7, 0xfd, 0x6f, 0x3c, 0xc0, 0x2d, 0x65, 0x38, 0x24, 0x42, 0x29, 0x30,
-    0x77, 0xb0, 0x73, 0x25, 0x7e, 0xf7, 0xf6, 0x06, 0xbd, 0xe5, 0xdc, 0x80, 0xb5, 0x39, 0xc2, 0xaf, 0x1c, 0x69, 0x29,
-    0xfb, 0xba, 0x78, 0x93, 0x3e, 0x95, 0xfe, 0x97, 0xf8, 0x45, 0xa0, 0x3f, 0xc0, 0x6d, 0xb5, 0x79, 0x18, 0xe5, 0xbd,
-    0xfd, 0x85, 0x6f, 0x23, 0x56, 0x7e, 0x55, 0x8d, 0x02, 0x87, 0xc3, 0x89, 0xf8, 0x3a, 0x83, 0xb5, 0x82, 0xe3, 0x70,
-    0x22, 0xbf, 0xce, 0xd1, 0x59, 0xdf, 0xbc, 0x8e, 0xd0, 0xce, 0x12, 0x2b, 0x05, 0x83, 0x20, 0x0d, 0x49, 0xad, 0xcd,
-    0xcf, 0x94, 0x35, 0x8f, 0x09, 0xb2, 0x43, 0x47, 0xab, 0x47, 0x3d, 0xcc, 0x00, 0x75, 0x30, 0xaa, 0x0a, 0x30, 0x17,
-    0x1b, 0x1c, 0x2e, 0x14, 0x61, 0x92, 0x5a, 0xeb, 0x47, 0x46, 0xe9, 0x9d, 0xf3, 0xe1, 0xe0, 0x89, 0x1a, 0x22, 0xfd,
-    0xf5, 0xee, 0xdd, 0xef, 0xe5, 0x7d, 0x41, 0x87, 0x01, 0x89, 0xbf, 0xc5, 0xa8, 0x67, 0x3e, 0x33, 0x46, 0x12, 0x6a,
-    0xe7, 0x2b, 0x5e, 0x07, 0x96, 0x18, 0x6b, 0x45, 0x78, 0x2c, 0x6c, 0x47, 0xd5, 0x73, 0xb6, 0x3e, 0xa6, 0xaa, 0x88,
-    0x3d, 0xad, 0x2a, 0x62, 0x5a, 0xbd, 0x38, 0x98, 0xc0, 0xfa, 0xe1, 0xf6, 0x10, 0x1e, 0xef, 0x27, 0x8a, 0xfc, 0x7b,
-    0x0d, 0x66, 0x7f, 0x0b, 0x12, 0x98, 0xd3, 0x26, 0xc0, 0xe4, 0x89, 0x60, 0x48, 0x1c, 0xec, 0xdc, 0xcd, 0x38, 0x7f,
-    0x2d, 0xf1, 0x87, 0x13, 0x45, 0xb4, 0x62, 0x52, 0xb0, 0x87, 0xf2, 0x1c, 0x71, 0x78, 0x10, 0x64, 0x43, 0xe5, 0x1a,
-    0x4e, 0x3c, 0x92, 0xd4, 0x9a, 0xad, 0x6d, 0x10, 0x1e, 0x27, 0x8c, 0xd0, 0xae, 0x03, 0xc5, 0x6f, 0x1a, 0x21, 0x79,
-    0xa0, 0xc2, 0x63, 0xf8, 0x78, 0xd3, 0xcf, 0x8c, 0xfb, 0xd5, 0xf0, 0xd1, 0x80, 0xfc, 0x4f, 0xf9, 0xd2, 0x2f, 0x87,
-    0x97, 0x9f, 0x70, 0x48, 0xfa, 0xf8, 0xef, 0x1f, 0x37, 0x84, 0x6f, 0xef, 0x57, 0xbb, 0x56, 0x4e, 0x7c, 0xe8, 0xd1,
-    0x7c, 0x16, 0x1e, 0xef, 0x8f, 0xe1, 0x31, 0x5c, 0x14, 0xf1, 0x30, 0xe7, 0xab, 0xa2, 0x1f, 0xb9, 0xd5, 0x0f, 0x87,
-    0xa5, 0xde, 0x45, 0x56, 0x7c, 0x11, 0x6a, 0x95, 0x0b, 0xd5, 0x80, 0x11, 0xee, 0xc8, 0xc5, 0x66, 0x22, 0x54, 0xb7,
-    0x76, 0x87, 0x8e, 0x72, 0xee, 0x29, 0xb3, 0x6e, 0xb7, 0xa8, 0xb5, 0x72, 0x9e, 0x13, 0xf2, 0x14, 0xda, 0xe3, 0x40,
-    0xef, 0x27, 0x4c, 0xfe, 0x66, 0xf6, 0xdd, 0x71, 0xa9, 0xf9, 0xfe, 0xe0, 0xd3, 0x10, 0x51, 0x29, 0x56, 0x2a, 0x67,
-    0xa0, 0x1c, 0x98, 0x41, 0xa8, 0xa6, 0xad, 0x90, 0xfb, 0xdc, 0x52, 0x65, 0x23, 0x0b, 0x46, 0xd4, 0xc7, 0xe5, 0xda,
-    0x39, 0xad, 0x0e, 0x4b, 0x6d, 0x38, 0x98, 0x3c, 0x59, 0x0c, 0x40, 0x64, 0x28, 0x17, 0x6b, 0x9b, 0x93, 0xa9, 0x81,
-    0x76, 0xb1, 0xa4, 0xec, 0x61, 0x65, 0xf4, 0x5a, 0xf1, 0x88, 0xf9, 0xc9, 0x9b, 0x7f, 0x9b, 0xd6, 0x74, 0x0a, 0x6c,
-    0x31, 0x62, 0x75, 0x5d, 0x2f, 0xa4, 0x50, 0x10, 0x0d, 0xb3, 0x2d, 0xcf, 0xc8, 0x95, 0x17, 0xbb, 0x70, 0x93, 0x64,
-    0xfe, 0x60, 0xf0, 0x31, 0x4d, 0x92, 0xef, 0x16, 0xa7, 0x70, 0x92, 0x05, 0x5b, 0x1b, 0xab, 0x4d, 0xde, 0x69, 0xe1,
-    0xdd, 0x3c, 0xb6, 0x54, 0xa8, 0x4b, 0xef, 0x7d, 0xd9, 0x2c, 0xc6, 0x75, 0x94, 0x0b, 0xd5, 0x9b, 0xe9, 0x97, 0xd2,
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+    0x5a, 0x58, 0xde, 0x51, 0x6d, 0x7b, 0xd8, 0xd0, 0x35, 0x98, 0x53, 0x0c, 0x3d, 0xbf, 0xe6, 0x02, 0x86, 0x30, 0x06,
+    0xc5, 0x02, 0x9d, 0xbc, 0x3a, 0x59, 0xfb, 0xcc, 0xaf, 0x68, 0x38, 0xed, 0x68, 0x38, 0xfa, 0xa8, 0x7f, 0x05, 0xff,
+    0x0b, 0x54, 0xcf, 0x54, 0x8b, 0x15, 0x0b, 0x00, 0x00};
 
 #else  // Brotli (default, smaller)
 constexpr uint8_t INDEX_BR[] PROGMEM = {
-    0x1b, 0x08, 0x0b, 0x00, 0xe4, 0x7f, 0x9b, 0xad, 0xbb, 0x97, 0x53, 0xde, 0xb7, 0x25, 0x0e, 0x69, 0xd4, 0x69, 0x89,
-    0xba, 0xa5, 0x55, 0x22, 0x04, 0x27, 0xeb, 0x00, 0x52, 0xac, 0xbc, 0xec, 0x5f, 0xfb, 0xb5, 0x7a, 0x12, 0x0a, 0xd6,
-    0x48, 0x84, 0x4a, 0x48, 0x5a, 0xcb, 0xbd, 0xb7, 0x72, 0x66, 0x4e, 0x62, 0xd8, 0xbd, 0x7f, 0x88, 0x68, 0x86, 0x28,
-    0xd6, 0xf1, 0xda, 0x2c, 0xa2, 0x32, 0x5c, 0xdd, 0xab, 0xb2, 0x15, 0xbc, 0x24, 0x13, 0xe6, 0xbd, 0x0c, 0x52, 0x63,
-    0x82, 0x88, 0x6d, 0x74, 0x71, 0x51, 0x9c, 0xe2, 0x40, 0x56, 0xea, 0xb0, 0x5c, 0xb7, 0x1d, 0x81, 0x3a, 0x0c, 0xf2,
-    0xd7, 0xa8, 0x5c, 0x35, 0x2d, 0x43, 0xb3, 0x42, 0x37, 0x7c, 0x60, 0xd8, 0xc1, 0x95, 0x91, 0x94, 0x3c, 0x29, 0x20,
-    0x96, 0x20, 0xf6, 0x24, 0xb7, 0x83, 0x4a, 0x06, 0xf1, 0xc3, 0x2f, 0x88, 0x50, 0x55, 0x35, 0x2d, 0xe8, 0xb6, 0x21,
-    0x38, 0x61, 0x8e, 0x44, 0x2a, 0xac, 0x39, 0xcf, 0x74, 0xaa, 0x31, 0x7f, 0x62, 0x32, 0x9b, 0x99, 0x42, 0x0a, 0xf6,
-    0x6f, 0xd8, 0x89, 0x3f, 0x49, 0xb1, 0xa2, 0x52, 0x0a, 0x8e, 0xb3, 0x27, 0x0b, 0x07, 0x07, 0x58, 0xb0, 0x8f, 0xaa,
-    0xdc, 0x68, 0x12, 0x0f, 0x95, 0xbf, 0xc7, 0x36, 0xd5, 0x60, 0x5a, 0xc7, 0x80, 0xac, 0x52, 0xf7, 0xa7, 0x2d, 0xb6,
-    0x64, 0xda, 0xda, 0x11, 0x8d, 0x6a, 0xe5, 0xba, 0xe9, 0xda, 0xdc, 0x62, 0xc3, 0xcb, 0xae, 0xc1, 0xe1, 0x11, 0xb6,
-    0x33, 0x29, 0x04, 0x09, 0xfe, 0x09, 0x08, 0xc2, 0x1f, 0x98, 0x16, 0x26, 0x0d, 0xce, 0xd7, 0x75, 0xfb, 0xd7, 0xa5,
-    0x82, 0xd7, 0x32, 0x44, 0x72, 0xc1, 0xc2, 0xe4, 0x15, 0xcb, 0x50, 0xfc, 0xd3, 0x58, 0x64, 0x34, 0x41, 0x32, 0xbe,
-    0x1f, 0x08, 0x43, 0x16, 0x14, 0xf7, 0x70, 0x2c, 0x1c, 0x61, 0x09, 0x78, 0x73, 0xd1, 0x30, 0xf6, 0xed, 0x85, 0x55,
-    0x50, 0x02, 0xf0, 0x68, 0x50, 0x5c, 0x1a, 0xd7, 0x3b, 0x8e, 0xf2, 0x23, 0xc8, 0x88, 0x39, 0xd0, 0x84, 0xf7, 0xa6,
-    0xd1, 0xa3, 0xfb, 0xe5, 0x44, 0xc0, 0x4c, 0x2f, 0x6f, 0x19, 0x70, 0x75, 0xf6, 0x1c, 0xb8, 0xce, 0x89, 0x4f, 0x01,
-    0x8d, 0xa1, 0x71, 0xf2, 0x97, 0xf8, 0xe7, 0xd3, 0xf1, 0xe1, 0xfa, 0xfc, 0xc8, 0x03, 0x78, 0x14, 0xa0, 0x3d, 0x28,
-    0xb7, 0xeb, 0x26, 0x52, 0x59, 0xa8, 0xb5, 0x0d, 0x5c, 0x8a, 0x6b, 0xe5, 0xf6, 0x30, 0xd6, 0xf7, 0x71, 0x31, 0xe8,
-    0xbd, 0xc9, 0xfa, 0xf5, 0x71, 0x9d, 0xff, 0xf6, 0x69, 0x62, 0x5f, 0xb5, 0xc7, 0x06, 0x43, 0x54, 0xb5, 0x87, 0xf1,
-    0xcc, 0x84, 0xe8, 0xb7, 0x56, 0x38, 0x43, 0x6a, 0xa6, 0x2f, 0x53, 0xd1, 0x89, 0x48, 0x8d, 0x72, 0x75, 0x4a, 0x17,
-    0xf6, 0x8d, 0xb2, 0xeb, 0xb1, 0x6b, 0x29, 0x1e, 0xd5, 0x74, 0xc7, 0xb3, 0xf4, 0xf1, 0x04, 0x0d, 0xbf, 0x08, 0x81,
-    0x8f, 0xfe, 0x8d, 0xfc, 0xf2, 0x35, 0x92, 0xa0, 0x24, 0x88, 0x12, 0x6a, 0xe6, 0x2f, 0x01, 0x94, 0x5c, 0x4b, 0xf9,
-    0x6b, 0x9a, 0xf6, 0x1a, 0x35, 0x11, 0x8a, 0xc6, 0x04, 0x8d, 0x50, 0x64, 0x48, 0x2d, 0x8b, 0xdf, 0xdf, 0xa1, 0xd1,
-    0xfd, 0x21, 0xd7, 0x40, 0x96, 0x00, 0xb1, 0x9f, 0x54, 0xc2, 0xe1, 0x00, 0x79, 0x15, 0x80, 0xf8, 0xca, 0x8e, 0xc5,
-    0x06, 0x03, 0xdf, 0x72, 0x49, 0xc0, 0x08, 0x27, 0x90, 0xe3, 0x14, 0xc2, 0xac, 0xc3, 0x83, 0xc9, 0xf6, 0x9d, 0x12,
-    0xab, 0x46, 0xae, 0x03, 0x74, 0x1d, 0x27, 0xce, 0x91, 0x1d, 0x4e, 0xb4, 0xbe, 0x80, 0xe7, 0x6a, 0x6d, 0x0a, 0x20,
-    0x47, 0x6b, 0x00, 0x4e, 0x25, 0x52, 0xe6, 0xf5, 0xe9, 0x43, 0x84, 0xc1, 0x0d, 0x4b, 0x04, 0xb3, 0x91, 0x49, 0xf5,
-    0xe9, 0xc4, 0x2e, 0x1b, 0xf9, 0x98, 0xf9, 0xea, 0x9e, 0xb8, 0xf6, 0x53, 0xf8, 0x42, 0xc2, 0x60, 0x5c, 0xa9, 0xd2,
-    0xfe, 0x0a, 0xe5, 0xd4, 0x7d, 0x36, 0x76, 0x04, 0x12, 0x38, 0xa1, 0xc4, 0x30, 0xb8, 0xf2, 0x69, 0x86, 0x5b, 0xe7,
-    0xe5, 0xa0, 0xc0, 0xfe, 0x91, 0x19, 0x03, 0x1e, 0xa9, 0x93, 0x26, 0x49, 0x58, 0xd5, 0xf6, 0x33, 0x4e, 0x0a, 0x89,
-    0x64, 0x1e, 0xb4, 0x7a, 0x5d, 0x0d, 0x12, 0xcf, 0x2b, 0xdd, 0x35, 0x90, 0x55, 0xc3, 0x0e, 0xcd, 0x0e, 0xad, 0x6b,
-    0x8f, 0x43, 0xd0, 0xb4, 0x6a, 0xdb, 0x4b, 0xe5, 0xa4, 0x9b, 0x09, 0x23, 0x1a, 0x43, 0xa9, 0xff, 0x61, 0x8b, 0x07,
-    0xd6, 0x0f, 0x83, 0x23, 0xbe, 0x8a, 0x66, 0xa2, 0x10, 0x2f, 0x11, 0x01, 0x0d, 0xc6, 0x96, 0xba, 0x87, 0xaa, 0xa8,
-    0x44, 0x7c, 0x1e, 0x34, 0xdb, 0xba, 0x41, 0x90, 0xf0, 0x7a, 0xdb, 0x63, 0x60, 0x96, 0x8d, 0x64, 0xcb, 0x2f, 0x28,
-    0x96, 0x04, 0xd5, 0xc0, 0x7a, 0xe8, 0xec, 0xd1, 0x61, 0x1b, 0x09, 0x4b, 0x4c, 0x6e, 0x1b, 0x31, 0x98, 0x9c, 0x6d,
-    0xdb, 0xd0, 0xec, 0xa4, 0x0f, 0x0a, 0xe0, 0xc8, 0x35, 0xc4, 0x93, 0xdc, 0xee, 0x19, 0x00, 0x80, 0x07, 0xf5, 0xcf,
-    0xe0, 0x7f, 0x75, 0xf8, 0x52, 0x3a, 0xfc, 0x0d, 0x84, 0xa5, 0xc1, 0xb2, 0x1c, 0x25, 0x40, 0xc5, 0x8b, 0xb3, 0xdb,
-    0x7a, 0x1b, 0x44, 0xff, 0x79, 0x9a, 0x26, 0xc4, 0xe7, 0x9e, 0x78, 0x4c, 0xa5, 0x94, 0xab, 0x78, 0x34, 0x9d, 0xb5,
-    0xb7, 0x24, 0x26, 0xe7, 0x9a, 0xf3, 0xe5, 0x2a, 0x35, 0x4b, 0xbe, 0x74, 0xd7, 0x01, 0xbc, 0x71, 0x72, 0x03, 0x5c,
-    0x40, 0x24, 0x17, 0x61, 0x5b, 0x7b, 0x19, 0xc2, 0x7f, 0x4e, 0x5b, 0x24, 0xfb, 0x8b, 0xc3, 0x51, 0x00, 0x3d, 0x09,
-    0x04, 0x05, 0x72, 0x64, 0xf6, 0xf0, 0x6b, 0x99, 0x38, 0x93, 0x5b, 0xac, 0x0c, 0xff, 0x40, 0x7b, 0x53, 0xba, 0xab,
-    0x61, 0xc9, 0xa2, 0xde, 0xd6, 0x2b, 0x0c, 0xbd, 0x85, 0xac, 0x4c, 0x64, 0x8b, 0xe6, 0x69, 0x2b, 0x56, 0x10, 0x1b,
-    0x08, 0x59, 0x6c, 0x55, 0x0a, 0xaa, 0x93, 0x85, 0x1d, 0x45, 0xda, 0xc6, 0x39, 0xe6, 0x6a, 0xab, 0x71, 0x73, 0x46,
-    0x0f, 0xf7, 0xab, 0x4e, 0x88, 0xae, 0x8c, 0xe0, 0x91, 0xda, 0x35, 0x8c, 0xd3, 0x18, 0x92, 0x3d, 0xab, 0x2f, 0x0d,
-    0xd6, 0xc9, 0x06, 0xdb, 0xc2, 0x62, 0xcb, 0x8a, 0x23, 0x5b, 0x28, 0x2e, 0x9b, 0x96, 0xc4, 0xc1, 0x42, 0xa9, 0x8d,
-    0x69, 0xe5, 0x8f, 0x89, 0x12, 0x11, 0x9a, 0x56, 0x3b, 0x3c, 0x2b, 0xb4, 0xb2, 0x7b, 0xfd, 0xdb, 0x80, 0x92, 0xb4,
-    0xca, 0x44, 0x37, 0x8c, 0x94, 0x2f, 0x4a, 0xb4, 0xc4, 0x28, 0x83, 0x8a, 0x78, 0xcb, 0xd2, 0x5c, 0x5c, 0x35, 0x29,
-    0x95, 0x35, 0x2f, 0x99, 0x28, 0x4f, 0x22, 0x18, 0x70, 0x85, 0xee, 0x2c, 0xb9, 0xef, 0x14, 0x57, 0x73, 0x23, 0x45,
-    0xae, 0xdc, 0x54, 0x56, 0x55, 0x78, 0x56, 0xad, 0x48, 0x26, 0x27, 0xbf, 0xcb, 0xd7, 0x54, 0xa9, 0xa8, 0xd7, 0xb5,
-    0x71, 0x9c, 0xe7, 0x79, 0x89, 0x5c, 0xa9, 0x6a, 0x53, 0xe8, 0xfa, 0x0d, 0x69, 0x36, 0xed, 0xad, 0x33, 0xc9, 0x75,
-    0x17, 0xe9, 0x8f, 0x31, 0x58, 0xa6, 0x27, 0xfc, 0x79, 0xc6, 0xb6, 0xd5, 0x65, 0x90, 0x31, 0xc6, 0x9d, 0x29, 0x95,
-    0x83, 0xe5, 0x4e, 0xbb, 0xd7, 0xdc, 0x8e, 0xd0, 0x3a, 0x54, 0x27, 0xce, 0xf5, 0xdb, 0xbd, 0x89, 0x3c, 0x61, 0xb3,
-    0x71, 0x23, 0xc7, 0x55, 0x9e, 0xea, 0x50, 0xe4, 0x37, 0xae, 0x72, 0x34, 0x66, 0xb9, 0x6e, 0x2c, 0x0a, 0x69, 0x8d,
-    0x94, 0x8b, 0x98, 0x08, 0x05, 0x3c, 0x45, 0x45, 0xe1, 0x6c, 0x22, 0xc5, 0x8f, 0x1f, 0x9f, 0x3f, 0xd2, 0x01, 0x12,
-    0xec, 0x86, 0x2f, 0x87, 0x8b, 0x47, 0x30, 0xd0, 0x77, 0x77, 0x1a, 0x13, 0x2d, 0xc6, 0x31, 0x65, 0x77, 0xd8, 0x8c,
-    0xe7, 0xe0, 0x16, 0xf9, 0x4b, 0xd4, 0xc5, 0xa8, 0x67, 0x79, 0xe7, 0xc3, 0x07, 0x94, 0x46, 0xa3, 0x8c, 0x67, 0xd3,
-    0xff, 0x5f, 0x96, 0xfa, 0xed, 0xa7, 0xd3, 0xdd, 0x4f, 0x27, 0x49, 0x27, 0xcf, 0xa4, 0x02, 0xc3, 0x27, 0x3c, 0x96,
-    0x64, 0x24, 0x55, 0xc8, 0x36, 0x45, 0x68, 0x90, 0xea, 0x03, 0x0b, 0x46, 0xa7, 0x8d, 0xb4, 0x26, 0x91, 0x07, 0x4c,
-    0x80, 0x7b, 0x93, 0xa8, 0x10, 0xcb, 0x5e, 0x8d, 0x42, 0x86, 0x3e, 0x2a, 0x7c, 0x99, 0x79, 0x8e, 0xcb, 0x43, 0x28};
+    0x1b, 0x14, 0x0b, 0x00, 0xe4, 0x6f, 0xcd, 0xfc, 0x7b, 0x2e, 0x27, 0xd2, 0x21, 0x2b, 0x58, 0xea, 0x16, 0xf8, 0xa5,
+    0xb6, 0x47, 0x14, 0xb3, 0x4c, 0x56, 0xcc, 0x20, 0x5b, 0x1d, 0xfe, 0x7d, 0xfb, 0xb5, 0x7a, 0x12, 0x0a, 0xd6, 0x48,
+    0x84, 0xa2, 0x21, 0x69, 0x0d, 0x77, 0x33, 0xf3, 0x77, 0xcf, 0x4c, 0x21, 0xf1, 0xde, 0xee, 0x7d, 0x44, 0xbc, 0xd3,
+    0xc4, 0x33, 0x89, 0x1a, 0x69, 0x68, 0x48, 0x57, 0xa7, 0x17, 0x0b, 0x4d, 0x91, 0xac, 0x30, 0x48, 0x21, 0x4d, 0x4c,
+    0x10, 0x57, 0x46, 0x14, 0x17, 0xd5, 0x21, 0x0e, 0xb4, 0x50, 0x87, 0xad, 0x62, 0xda, 0x11, 0x68, 0xc3, 0x20, 0x7f,
+    0x2d, 0xdc, 0x57, 0xeb, 0x2c, 0x36, 0xdb, 0xc4, 0x84, 0x0f, 0xac, 0xec, 0x08, 0x91, 0xa3, 0x92, 0x27, 0x45, 0xc4,
+    0x1e, 0xa4, 0x9e, 0x72, 0x3b, 0xc2, 0xe3, 0x20, 0x7d, 0xf8, 0x05, 0x09, 0xea, 0xe3, 0xa6, 0x3f, 0x11, 0x8b, 0x16,
+    0x11, 0x6b, 0x26, 0x91, 0x1a, 0x2c, 0x19, 0x24, 0xf7, 0x5d, 0x44, 0x82, 0x49, 0x44, 0x15, 0xce, 0x39, 0xdc, 0xcb,
+    0x8f, 0x5b, 0xe1, 0xe2, 0x42, 0x96, 0xa2, 0x10, 0x3c, 0x20, 0xa5, 0x65, 0x85, 0x49, 0x6a, 0x06, 0x08, 0xd1, 0xcb,
+    0x41, 0xb8, 0x49, 0x20, 0x73, 0x71, 0xfe, 0x55, 0x61, 0x45, 0xc6, 0x95, 0x72, 0xc8, 0xf0, 0xa5, 0xe9, 0xe6, 0x3a,
+    0xb9, 0xc3, 0x8a, 0x9f, 0xb5, 0xc1, 0xc9, 0x15, 0x56, 0x93, 0x38, 0x8a, 0x48, 0xf0, 0x4f, 0x38, 0x22, 0xe1, 0x8d,
+    0x55, 0xbb, 0x8c, 0xc3, 0xb0, 0x68, 0xcc, 0x7f, 0x6f, 0xf8, 0xc9, 0x9b, 0x38, 0x41, 0xf1, 0x94, 0x25, 0xf9, 0x6b,
+    0x56, 0xa2, 0xec, 0xa7, 0xbd, 0x2e, 0x69, 0x8e, 0xe2, 0xec, 0x36, 0x94, 0x24, 0x2c, 0x12, 0x1d, 0x4e, 0x76, 0x7e,
+    0x23, 0xcc, 0xf2, 0x6e, 0x35, 0x1a, 0x9c, 0xed, 0x6f, 0x15, 0x3f, 0xc9, 0x72, 0xdc, 0xfd, 0x13, 0x0f, 0x16, 0x8a,
+    0x23, 0x4f, 0xf9, 0x2e, 0x63, 0x44, 0x91, 0x77, 0xe0, 0xb3, 0xd1, 0x78, 0x74, 0xdb, 0x4a, 0x2c, 0xd8, 0xe8, 0xf9,
+    0x2c, 0x03, 0xbe, 0xae, 0xac, 0x4e, 0x42, 0x01, 0xc4, 0x4b, 0x40, 0xe7, 0x94, 0x34, 0x85, 0x2c, 0xfe, 0xf5, 0x74,
+    0x75, 0xd8, 0xdc, 0xec, 0x6a, 0x00, 0x3f, 0x3f, 0x81, 0x77, 0xa8, 0xcd, 0xde, 0x6d, 0x5a, 0x47, 0xa1, 0x99, 0x36,
+    0x87, 0xb6, 0x78, 0x35, 0x3c, 0x9a, 0x64, 0x15, 0x7c, 0x56, 0x76, 0x22, 0xce, 0x46, 0xe5, 0x17, 0x57, 0x05, 0xfc,
+    0x09, 0x69, 0xae, 0x39, 0xaa, 0xee, 0xc9, 0x4e, 0x7f, 0x99, 0x2a, 0x65, 0x82, 0x7e, 0xeb, 0x23, 0x4f, 0x42, 0xd5,
+    0xca, 0xcb, 0x42, 0x74, 0x2e, 0xd2, 0xa2, 0x62, 0x57, 0xd0, 0xa9, 0x7b, 0x4b, 0xac, 0x7b, 0x65, 0x13, 0x47, 0x0f,
+    0x2d, 0x3d, 0xf6, 0xbc, 0x78, 0x5c, 0xa3, 0xc9, 0x57, 0x4b, 0x10, 0x62, 0x68, 0x19, 0x7f, 0xfd, 0x1a, 0xcb, 0x51,
+    0x1e, 0x41, 0x39, 0x55, 0xf3, 0x97, 0x30, 0xca, 0x37, 0xb6, 0x42, 0x1d, 0x2d, 0x8c, 0xc6, 0x65, 0x8a, 0xd2, 0x89,
+    0x88, 0xa6, 0x28, 0xbd, 0x56, 0x7c, 0x2d, 0x5e, 0x0d, 0x2f, 0x9e, 0xc3, 0xa5, 0x80, 0xaf, 0xcc, 0x00, 0xde, 0xe6,
+    0x5a, 0x8b, 0xda, 0xff, 0x1f, 0x16, 0xc8, 0x83, 0x5e, 0xe5, 0xea, 0x25, 0x86, 0x70, 0x55, 0x25, 0x01, 0x14, 0x0c,
+    0x77, 0xd8, 0x31, 0x21, 0xcc, 0x79, 0x15, 0x3b, 0x32, 0x3a, 0xd3, 0xc5, 0x30, 0xaf, 0x03, 0xd8, 0x3e, 0x44, 0xb8,
+    0x63, 0xb5, 0x74, 0x4f, 0x41, 0x4b, 0xf0, 0x24, 0x74, 0xb2, 0x06, 0xb2, 0x7b, 0x06, 0x60, 0xdc, 0xc1, 0x3e, 0x0e,
+    0x6f, 0x1e, 0x3c, 0x42, 0xa0, 0xdb, 0x36, 0x43, 0x30, 0x71, 0xcc, 0xd6, 0x1a, 0xbd, 0x38, 0x61, 0x19, 0x3f, 0xf2,
+    0xdf, 0xf4, 0x53, 0x3d, 0xc1, 0x14, 0xbe, 0x50, 0x1c, 0x2c, 0xf3, 0xaa, 0x74, 0x36, 0xcb, 0xbd, 0x7a, 0x4b, 0xa3,
+    0x1c, 0x90, 0x40, 0x5b, 0x4a, 0x0f, 0x83, 0x6e, 0x9e, 0x96, 0x28, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x43, 0x05, 0x0e, 0x39, 0x26, 0x15,
+    0xb8, 0x6b, 0x4e, 0x3a, 0x62, 0xc2, 0xda, 0xde, 0x8e, 0x29, 0x29, 0x0b, 0x09, 0xa2, 0xb3, 0xa7, 0x1e, 0x9a, 0x0c,
+    0x8f, 0xa1, 0x46, 0x6f, 0x92, 0xf3, 0x9e, 0xb5, 0xc5, 0x7e, 0x0e, 0x8d, 0xeb, 0x55, 0x08, 0xfa, 0xc9, 0xd8, 0x4e,
+    0xe3, 0xd0, 0xca, 0x2a, 0x96, 0x11, 0x7e, 0xb1, 0xd4, 0x7f, 0x8f, 0x1d, 0xb3, 0xc3, 0xa0, 0x89, 0x6f, 0x93, 0x99,
+    0x55, 0x48, 0x97, 0x08, 0x79, 0x66, 0xe9, 0x4a, 0x6b, 0xa0, 0x29, 0xf2, 0x10, 0x1f, 0x22, 0xa2, 0x1b, 0x41, 0xdf,
+    0xa3, 0xde, 0x62, 0x60, 0x8e, 0xa1, 0x60, 0xc4, 0xd5, 0xce, 0x81, 0x47, 0x84, 0x3b, 0x66, 0x60, 0x74, 0xa7, 0x74,
+    0xcc, 0x48, 0xe0, 0xe1, 0xd5, 0x0c, 0x15, 0x98, 0x3d, 0xa7, 0x9c, 0xb2, 0xec, 0xba, 0x0f, 0x2c, 0x52, 0x14, 0x7b,
+    0xe2, 0x49, 0x6e, 0x0f, 0x8c, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x81, 0xf6, 0x57, 0xe4, 0x3f, 0xbf, 0x7c, 0xa9, 0x5e, 0xfe, 0x01, 0xc2,
+    0x64, 0xb0, 0x05, 0x60, 0x01, 0xaa, 0x78, 0x65, 0xb2, 0xeb, 0x56, 0x41, 0xf2, 0xbf, 0xa3, 0x45, 0x4e, 0x3c, 0x78,
+    0xe2, 0xa1, 0x0d, 0xa9, 0x2a, 0xc0, 0x8a, 0xc0, 0x6f, 0xe4, 0x66, 0xbe, 0x72, 0x35, 0x5e, 0xf7, 0x3b, 0x42, 0x53,
+    0xd4, 0xe6, 0x66, 0xb6, 0x78, 0xcd, 0xaa, 0x6f, 0xf4, 0x26, 0x80, 0x3a, 0x4e, 0x74, 0x80, 0x17, 0x88, 0x44, 0x23,
+    0xa6, 0x3a, 0x6f, 0x87, 0xb8, 0xd0, 0x4d, 0xd3, 0xfc, 0x7c, 0xd6, 0x38, 0x2a, 0x00, 0x28, 0x01, 0xa2, 0x40, 0x94,
+    0x6c, 0x1e, 0x8a, 0xed, 0xe3, 0x92, 0x9d, 0x90, 0xe3, 0x0d, 0x02, 0x4e, 0x15, 0x30, 0xed, 0x8f, 0x5b, 0x99, 0xaa,
+    0x7a, 0x4e, 0xb9, 0xec, 0x91, 0xe2, 0x9f, 0xd4, 0xca, 0x46, 0xaf, 0x87, 0x19, 0x4b, 0xad, 0xea, 0xe6, 0x6c, 0x8d,
+    0x53, 0x4b, 0x29, 0xee, 0x1e, 0x96, 0xd8, 0x94, 0x30, 0x3a, 0x9c, 0xb0, 0x4c, 0xdb, 0xe2, 0xa1, 0x7f, 0xc7, 0x11,
+    0xdd, 0xe3, 0x9d, 0x36, 0x44, 0xd3, 0x93, 0x14, 0x9c, 0x4c, 0x9d, 0xdd, 0x3a, 0x7c, 0x41, 0xb1, 0x8f, 0x14, 0xd9,
+    0x4e, 0x61, 0xd9, 0x3a, 0xe3, 0x0d, 0x76, 0xca, 0x6c, 0xac, 0x73, 0xaf, 0xad, 0x94, 0x87, 0x30, 0xf1, 0x30, 0x2f,
+    0x8b, 0xed, 0x4a, 0xed, 0xbc, 0xc2, 0xf2, 0x7c, 0x30, 0xa3, 0x0b, 0x28, 0x64, 0x3b, 0x8c, 0xd4, 0xc3, 0x42, 0xb9,
+    0xa3, 0x44, 0x51, 0x80, 0x07, 0x5a, 0x3d, 0x14, 0x33, 0x99, 0xbf, 0x2a, 0x6b, 0x2b, 0x19, 0x47, 0x72, 0x9e, 0xd4,
+    0xb4, 0x6d, 0x72, 0xdd, 0x8a, 0x4b, 0x33, 0x55, 0xbc, 0xb4, 0xcd, 0xc8, 0x2b, 0x17, 0x2f, 0x74, 0xeb, 0x22, 0x17,
+    0x94, 0x08, 0x27, 0x27, 0xc2, 0x5b, 0x17, 0xb4, 0xa9, 0x22, 0x16, 0x9d, 0xd4, 0xfc, 0xc7, 0x15, 0xa3, 0x9b, 0x86,
+    0x1f, 0xad, 0x45, 0xd3, 0x87, 0x94, 0x5b, 0x31, 0x36, 0xaa, 0xe4, 0x66, 0x8d, 0xcc, 0x31, 0x05, 0x5b, 0xc4, 0x40,
+    0xc0, 0xb8, 0xeb, 0x91, 0x18, 0x22, 0x8c, 0x31, 0x1e, 0xad, 0xd0, 0x3a, 0x98, 0x07, 0xb5, 0x6f, 0x11, 0xba, 0x11,
+    0xa6, 0x14, 0x35, 0x5a, 0xe7, 0x55, 0xdf, 0xb7, 0x4c, 0x03, 0x61, 0xa3, 0x74, 0x23, 0xdf, 0x55, 0x1f, 0x02, 0x51,
+    0x09, 0xb7, 0xba, 0xd5, 0x0c, 0x67, 0xab, 0x98, 0x70, 0x14, 0x64, 0x8d, 0xf4, 0x8b, 0x54, 0x44, 0x07, 0x6f, 0xe0,
+    0x69, 0x32, 0xca, 0x48, 0xe5, 0xd3, 0xa7, 0x17, 0x8f, 0x45, 0x84, 0x04, 0xb7, 0xd1, 0xbb, 0xe1, 0xf6, 0x01, 0x0a,
+    0xf6, 0xee, 0x2b, 0x32, 0xd2, 0xc5, 0xf8, 0xa6, 0xec, 0x0f, 0x1b, 0x09, 0x1d, 0xfc, 0xa2, 0xbf, 0x54, 0x5d, 0x2c,
+    0x62, 0xf4, 0x77, 0xde, 0xad, 0xa0, 0x50, 0x6a, 0xb4, 0xe3, 0x5f, 0xda, 0xff, 0x6b, 0xb1, 0x78, 0xf7, 0xf9, 0xc1,
+    0xa6, 0xa8, 0x93, 0xe8, 0xe4, 0x11, 0x56, 0xa0, 0x5b, 0x85, 0xa7, 0x92, 0x7a, 0x58, 0x45, 0x95, 0xa9, 0x63, 0x83,
+    0xb4, 0x1f, 0x18, 0x31, 0x7a, 0x6d, 0xa1, 0x8d, 0x8c, 0xdc, 0x91, 0x02, 0x3c, 0x9c, 0x92, 0x42, 0x8e, 0x03, 0x02,
+    0xc5, 0x0c, 0x43, 0x54, 0xf9, 0xb2, 0x85, 0x39, 0x2e, 0x77, 0xad, 0x00};
 
 // Backwards compatibility alias
 #define INDEX_GZ INDEX_BR

esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_portal.cpp

@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@
 #include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
 #include "esphome/components/wifi/scan_list.h"
 #include "esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h"
+#ifdef USE_PROVISIONING
+#include "esphome/components/provisioning/provisioning.h"
+#endif
 #include "captive_index.h"
 
 namespace esphome::captive_portal {
@@ -78,6 +81,20 @@ void CaptivePortal::handle_wifisave(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
 void CaptivePortal::setup() {
   // Disable loop by default - will be enabled when captive portal starts
   this->disable_loop();
+#ifdef USE_PROVISIONING
+  // The captive portal is a provisioning surface: once the provisioning window
+  // has closed, stop serving it. WiFi's own closed-callback shuts down the
+  // access point the portal runs on, and the gated fallback in WiFiComponent's
+  // loop() ensures neither is started again afterwards.
+  if (provisioning::global_provisioning_manager != nullptr) {
+    provisioning::global_provisioning_manager->add_on_closed_callback([this]() {
+      if (this->active_) {
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Provisioning window closed; stopping captive portal");
+        this->end();
+      }
+    });
+  }
+#endif
 }
 void CaptivePortal::start() {
   this->base_->init();

esphome/components/climate/climate.cpp

@@ -551,7 +551,14 @@ ClimateCall ClimateDeviceRestoreState::to_call(Climate *climate) {
 
 void ClimateDeviceRestoreState::apply(Climate *climate) {
   auto traits = climate->get_traits();
-  climate->mode = this->mode;
+  // A saved mode the device no longer offers cannot be selected again, so skip it and leave the
+  // entity on the mode it already has. The other saved fields are still restored.
+  if (traits.supports_mode(this->mode)) {
+    climate->mode = this->mode;
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - Saved mode %s is no longer supported, keeping %s", climate->get_name().c_str(),
+             LOG_STR_ARG(climate_mode_to_string(this->mode)), LOG_STR_ARG(climate_mode_to_string(climate->mode)));
+  }
   if (traits.has_feature_flags(CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_TWO_POINT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE |
                                CLIMATE_REQUIRES_TWO_POINT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE)) {
     climate->target_temperature_low = this->target_temperature_low;
@@ -742,33 +749,39 @@ void Climate::dump_traits_(const char *tag) {
   }
   if (!traits.get_supported_modes().empty()) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  Supported modes:");
-    for (ClimateMode m : traits.get_supported_modes())
+    for (ClimateMode m : traits.get_supported_modes()) {
       ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  - %s", LOG_STR_ARG(climate_mode_to_string(m)));
+    }
   }
   if (!traits.get_supported_fan_modes().empty()) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  Supported fan modes:");
-    for (ClimateFanMode m : traits.get_supported_fan_modes())
+    for (ClimateFanMode m : traits.get_supported_fan_modes()) {
       ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  - %s", LOG_STR_ARG(climate_fan_mode_to_string(m)));
+    }
   }
   if (!traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes().empty()) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  Supported custom fan modes:");
-    for (const char *s : traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes())
+    for (const char *s : traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes()) {
       ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  - %s", s);
+    }
   }
   if (!traits.get_supported_presets().empty()) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  Supported presets:");
-    for (ClimatePreset p : traits.get_supported_presets())
+    for (ClimatePreset p : traits.get_supported_presets()) {
       ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  - %s", LOG_STR_ARG(climate_preset_to_string(p)));
+    }
   }
   if (!traits.get_supported_custom_presets().empty()) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  Supported custom presets:");
-    for (const char *s : traits.get_supported_custom_presets())
+    for (const char *s : traits.get_supported_custom_presets()) {
       ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  - %s", s);
+    }
   }
   if (!traits.get_supported_swing_modes().empty()) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  Supported swing modes:");
-    for (ClimateSwingMode m : traits.get_supported_swing_modes())
+    for (ClimateSwingMode m : traits.get_supported_swing_modes()) {
       ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  - %s", LOG_STR_ARG(climate_swing_mode_to_string(m)));
+    }
   }
 }
 

esphome/components/climate_ir_lg/climate.py

@@ -13,9 +13,11 @@ CONF_HEADER_LOW = "header_low"
 CONF_BIT_HIGH = "bit_high"
 CONF_BIT_ONE_LOW = "bit_one_low"
 CONF_BIT_ZERO_LOW = "bit_zero_low"
+CONF_ADVANCED_COMMANDS_SUPPORT = "advanced_commands_support"
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(LgIrClimate).extend(
     {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ADVANCED_COMMANDS_SUPPORT, default=False): cv.boolean,
         cv.Optional(
             CONF_HEADER_HIGH, default="8000us"
         ): cv.positive_time_period_microseconds,
@@ -38,6 +40,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(LgIrClimate).extend(
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
 
+    cg.add(var.set_advanced_commands_support(config[CONF_ADVANCED_COMMANDS_SUPPORT]))
     cg.add(var.set_header_high(config[CONF_HEADER_HIGH]))
     cg.add(var.set_header_low(config[CONF_HEADER_LOW]))
     cg.add(var.set_bit_high(config[CONF_BIT_HIGH]))

esphome/components/climate_ir_lg/climate_ir_lg.cpp

@@ -5,11 +5,85 @@ namespace esphome::climate_ir_lg {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "climate.climate_ir_lg";
 
-// Commands
-const uint32_t COMMAND_MASK = 0xFF000;
-const uint32_t COMMAND_OFF = 0xC0000;
-const uint32_t COMMAND_SWING = 0x10000;
+// All codes provided here are missing the checksum (last 4 bits)
+// this checksum needs to be calculated before sending (look at `calc_checksum_()`)
 
+const uint32_t LG_HEADER = 0x8800000;
+
+// Commands
+const uint32_t COMMAND_HEADER_MASK = 0xFF000;
+const uint32_t COMMAND_DATA_MASK = 0x00FF0;
+const uint32_t CHECKSUM_MASK = 0xF;
+
+enum CommandBasic : uint32_t {
+  HEADER_BASIC = 0x10000,
+  BASIC_SWING_TOGGLE = 0x000,
+
+  // JET MODE (only for cooling/drying/heating modes)
+  // For 30 minutes: max airflow (stronger than F5 aka FAN_MAX) + PO (min/min/max temperature respectively)
+  // After 30 minutes: F5 aka FAN_MAX + min/min/max temperature respectively
+  BASIC_JET = 0x080,
+};
+
+enum CommandSys : uint32_t {
+  HEADER_SYS = 0xC0000,
+
+  COMMAND_OFF = 0x050,
+
+  // Also known as 'auto-dry'
+  AUTO_CLEAN_ON = 0x0B0,
+  AUTO_CLEAN_OFF = 0x0C0,
+
+  PURIFY_ON = 0x000,   // From either OFF or Mode -> Purify
+  PURIFY_OFF = 0x080,  // From Mode + Purify -> Mode
+
+  QUIET_OUTDOOR_ON = 0xA60,
+  QUIET_OUTDOOR_OFF = 0xA70,
+
+  // ENERGY CTRL (only in Cooling mode)
+  COOL_ENERG_CTRL_80 = 0x7D0,   // 80%
+  COOL_ENERG_CTRL_60 = 0x7E0,   // 60%
+  COOL_ENERG_CTRL_40 = 0x800,   // 40%
+  COOL_ENERG_CTRL_OFF = 0x7F0,  // OFF
+
+  DISPLAY_KW = 0x460,
+  LIGHT_ON_OFF = 0x0A0,
+
+  TEMP_UNIT_F = 0x170,
+  TEMP_UNIT_C = 0x160,
+};
+
+enum CommandAdvSwing : uint32_t {
+  HEADER_ADV_SWING = 0x13000,
+
+  // Only 5 bits are relevant, I got 0x13952 once - not sure what is the 8th bit so ignoring that.
+  ADV_SWING_DATA_MASK = 0x1F0,
+
+  // Commands for Advanced Vertical Control: Swing + 6 fixed positions
+  VERT_FIX_1 = 0x040,  // Down
+  VERT_FIX_2 = 0x050,
+  VERT_FIX_3 = 0x060,
+  VERT_FIX_4 = 0x070,
+  VERT_FIX_5 = 0x080,
+  VERT_FIX_6 = 0x090,      // Up
+  VERT_SWING_ON = 0x140,   // Swing between 1 and 6
+  VERT_SWING_OFF = 0x150,  // Stops immediately
+
+  // Commands for Advanced Horizontal Control: Swing (3 modes) + 5 fixed positions
+  HORI_FIX_1 = 0x0B0,  // Left
+  HORI_FIX_2 = 0x0C0,
+  HORI_FIX_3 = 0x0D0,
+  HORI_FIX_4 = 0x0E0,
+  HORI_FIX_5 = 0x0F0,           // Right
+  HORI_SWING_ON_LEFT = 0x100,   // Swing between 1 and 3
+  HORI_SWING_ON_RIGHT = 0x110,  // Swing between 3 and 5
+  HORI_SWING_ON_FULL = 0x160,   // Swing between 1 and 5
+  HORI_SWING_OFF = 0x170,       // Stops immediately
+};
+
+// Following commands contain mode, fan speed and temperature
+
+// Modes
 const uint32_t COMMAND_ON_COOL = 0x00000;
 const uint32_t COMMAND_ON_DRY = 0x01000;
 const uint32_t COMMAND_ON_FAN_ONLY = 0x02000;
@@ -23,11 +97,13 @@ const uint32_t COMMAND_AI = 0x0B000;
 const uint32_t COMMAND_HEAT = 0x0C000;
 
 // Fan speed
-const uint32_t FAN_MASK = 0xF0;
+const uint32_t FAN_SPEED_MASK = 0xF0;
 const uint32_t FAN_AUTO = 0x50;
-const uint32_t FAN_MIN = 0x00;
-const uint32_t FAN_MED = 0x20;
-const uint32_t FAN_MAX = 0x40;
+const uint32_t FAN_MIN = 0x00;  // AKA F1
+const uint32_t FAN_F2 = 0x90;
+const uint32_t FAN_MED = 0x20;  // AKA F3
+const uint32_t FAN_F4 = 0xA0;
+const uint32_t FAN_MAX = 0x40;  // AKA F5
 
 // Temperature
 const uint8_t TEMP_RANGE = TEMP_MAX - TEMP_MIN + 1;
@@ -37,16 +113,37 @@ const uint32_t TEMP_SHIFT = 8;
 const uint16_t BITS = 28;
 
 void LgIrClimate::transmit_state() {
-  uint32_t remote_state = 0x8800000;
+  uint32_t remote_state = LG_HEADER;
 
-  // ESP_LOGD(TAG, "climate_lg_ir mode_before_ code: 0x%02X", modeBefore_);
+  // ESP_LOGD(TAG, "climate_lg_ir mode_before_ code: 0x%02X", this->modeBefore_);
 
   // Set command
   if (this->send_swing_cmd_) {
     this->send_swing_cmd_ = false;
-    remote_state |= COMMAND_SWING;
-  } else {
-    bool climate_is_off = (this->mode_before_ == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF);
+    if (this->advanced_commands_support_) {
+      switch (this->swing_mode) {
+        case climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL:
+          ESP_LOGD(TAG, "setting swing vertical");
+          remote_state |= CommandAdvSwing::HEADER_ADV_SWING;
+          remote_state |= CommandAdvSwing::VERT_SWING_ON;
+          break;
+        case climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF:
+          ESP_LOGD(TAG, "setting swing off");
+          remote_state |= CommandAdvSwing::HEADER_ADV_SWING;
+          remote_state |= CommandAdvSwing::VERT_SWING_OFF;
+          break;
+        default:
+          return;
+      }
+      this->transmit_(remote_state);
+      this->publish_state();
+      return;
+    } else {  // just toggle swing when advanced_commands_support is not set
+      remote_state |= HEADER_BASIC;
+      remote_state |= BASIC_SWING_TOGGLE;
+    }
+  } else {  // Mode commands
+    const bool climate_is_off = (this->mode_before_ == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF);
     switch (this->mode) {
       case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL:
         remote_state |= climate_is_off ? COMMAND_ON_COOL : COMMAND_COOL;
@@ -65,8 +162,8 @@ void LgIrClimate::transmit_state() {
         break;
       case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF:
       default:
-        remote_state |= COMMAND_OFF;
-        break;
+        remote_state |= CommandSys::HEADER_SYS;
+        remote_state |= CommandSys::COMMAND_OFF;
     }
   }
 
@@ -75,9 +172,8 @@ void LgIrClimate::transmit_state() {
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "climate_lg_ir mode code: 0x%02X", this->mode);
 
   // Set fan speed
-  if (this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF) {
-    remote_state |= FAN_AUTO;
-  } else {
+  if (this->mode !=
+      climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF) {  // https://github.com/esphome/esphome/pull/10875#issuecomment-5042765948
     switch (this->fan_mode.value_or(climate::CLIMATE_FAN_ON)) {
       case climate::CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH:
         remote_state |= FAN_MAX;
@@ -95,10 +191,20 @@ void LgIrClimate::transmit_state() {
     }
   }
 
-  // Set temperature
-  if (this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL || this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT) {
-    auto temp = (uint8_t) roundf(clamp<float>(this->target_temperature, TEMP_MIN, TEMP_MAX));
-    remote_state |= ((temp - 15) << TEMP_SHIFT);
+  uint8_t temp;
+  switch (this->mode) {
+    case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT_COOL:
+      if (!this->advanced_commands_support_) {  // Keep previous behavior
+        break;
+      }
+      [[fallthrough]];
+    case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL:
+    case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT:
+      temp = static_cast<uint8_t>(roundf(clamp<float>(this->target_temperature, TEMP_MIN, TEMP_MAX)));
+      remote_state |= (temp - 15) << TEMP_SHIFT;
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
   }
 
   this->transmit_(remote_state);
@@ -124,62 +230,134 @@ bool LgIrClimate::on_receive(remote_base::RemoteReceiveData data) {
     }
   }
 
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Decoded 0x%02" PRIX32, remote_state);
-  if ((remote_state & 0xFF00000) != 0x8800000)
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Received 0x%02" PRIX32, remote_state);
+  if ((remote_state & 0xFF00000) != LG_HEADER)
     return false;
 
-  // Get command
-  if ((remote_state & COMMAND_MASK) == COMMAND_OFF) {
-    this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF;
-  } else if ((remote_state & COMMAND_MASK) == COMMAND_SWING) {
-    this->swing_mode =
-        this->swing_mode == climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF ? climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL : climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF;
-  } else {
-    switch (remote_state & COMMAND_MASK) {
-      case COMMAND_DRY:
-      case COMMAND_ON_DRY:
-        this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_DRY;
-        break;
-      case COMMAND_FAN_ONLY:
-      case COMMAND_ON_FAN_ONLY:
-        this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_FAN_ONLY;
-        break;
-      case COMMAND_AI:
-      case COMMAND_ON_AI:
-        this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT_COOL;
-        break;
-      case COMMAND_HEAT:
-      case COMMAND_ON_HEAT:
-        this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT;
-        break;
-      case COMMAND_COOL:
-      case COMMAND_ON_COOL:
-      default:
-        this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL;
-        break;
-    }
-
-    // Get fan speed
-    if (this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT_COOL) {
-      this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_AUTO;
-    } else if (this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL || this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_DRY ||
-               this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_FAN_ONLY || this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT) {
-      if ((remote_state & FAN_MASK) == FAN_AUTO) {
-        this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_AUTO;
-      } else if ((remote_state & FAN_MASK) == FAN_MIN) {
-        this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_LOW;
-      } else if ((remote_state & FAN_MASK) == FAN_MED) {
-        this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_MEDIUM;
-      } else if ((remote_state & FAN_MASK) == FAN_MAX) {
-        this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH;
+  // Decode commands
+  switch (remote_state & COMMAND_HEADER_MASK) {
+    case CommandSys::HEADER_SYS:
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Got system command! With data: 0x%02" PRIX32, remote_state & COMMAND_DATA_MASK);
+      if ((remote_state & COMMAND_DATA_MASK) == CommandSys::COMMAND_OFF) {
+        this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF;
+      } else {
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
+    case CommandAdvSwing::HEADER_ADV_SWING:
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Got advanced swing command! With data: 0x%02" PRIX32,
+               remote_state & CommandAdvSwing::ADV_SWING_DATA_MASK);
+      switch (remote_state & CommandAdvSwing::ADV_SWING_DATA_MASK) {
+        case CommandAdvSwing::VERT_SWING_ON:
+          this->swing_mode = climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL;
+          break;
+        case CommandAdvSwing::VERT_SWING_OFF:
+        case CommandAdvSwing::VERT_FIX_1:
+        case CommandAdvSwing::VERT_FIX_2:
+        case CommandAdvSwing::VERT_FIX_3:
+        case CommandAdvSwing::VERT_FIX_4:
+        case CommandAdvSwing::VERT_FIX_5:
+        case CommandAdvSwing::VERT_FIX_6:
+          this->swing_mode = climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF;
+          break;
+        default:
+          return false;  // Ignore all other (horizontal) swing commands
       }
-    }
 
-    // Get temperature
-    if (this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL || this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT) {
-      this->target_temperature = ((remote_state & TEMP_MASK) >> TEMP_SHIFT) + 15;
-    }
+      this->publish_state();
+      return true;
+
+    case HEADER_BASIC:
+      if ((remote_state & COMMAND_DATA_MASK) == BASIC_JET) {
+        switch (this->mode) {
+          case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL:
+          case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT:
+          case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_DRY:
+            this->target_temperature =
+                this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT ? this->maximum_temperature_ : this->minimum_temperature_;
+            this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH;
+            // When enabling PO(WER) also known as JET mode, swing is set to VERT_3, but after 30 mins it will switch
+            // back to what it was before, so let's just not change it here it at all
+            this->publish_state();
+            return true;
+          default:
+            ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Got jet command, but current mode does not support it! Ignoring.");
+            return false;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Keep previous behavior in case of other BASIC command
+      if (this->swing_mode == climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF) {  // Just flip between vertical and off
+        this->swing_mode = climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL;
+      } else {
+        this->swing_mode = climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF;
+      }
+      this->publish_state();
+      return true;
+    // Following commands also contain fan speed and temperature, so no 'return' in these cases
+    case COMMAND_DRY:
+    case COMMAND_ON_DRY:
+      this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_DRY;
+      break;
+    case COMMAND_FAN_ONLY:
+    case COMMAND_ON_FAN_ONLY:
+      this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_FAN_ONLY;
+      break;
+    case COMMAND_AI:
+    case COMMAND_ON_AI:
+      this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT_COOL;
+      break;
+    case COMMAND_HEAT:
+    case COMMAND_ON_HEAT:
+      this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT;
+      break;
+    case COMMAND_COOL:
+    case COMMAND_ON_COOL:
+      this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL;
+      break;
+    default:
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Got unknown command! Ignoring!");
+      return false;
   }
+
+  // Decode fan speed
+  switch (remote_state & FAN_SPEED_MASK) {
+    case FAN_AUTO:
+      this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_AUTO;
+      break;
+    case FAN_MIN:
+    case FAN_F2:
+      this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_LOW;
+      break;
+    case FAN_MED:
+    case FAN_F4:
+      this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_MEDIUM;
+      break;
+    case FAN_MAX:
+      this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH;
+      break;
+    default:
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Got unknown fan speed! Ignoring!");
+      return false;
+  }
+
+  // Keep previous behavior
+  if (this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT_COOL && !(this->advanced_commands_support_)) {
+    this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_AUTO;
+  }
+
+  // Decode temperature for modes that support it
+  switch (this->mode) {
+    case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT_COOL:
+    case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL:
+    case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT:
+      this->target_temperature = ((remote_state & TEMP_MASK) >> TEMP_SHIFT) + 15;
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+
+  this->mode_before_ = this->mode;
   this->publish_state();
 
   return true;
@@ -207,14 +385,14 @@ void LgIrClimate::transmit_(uint32_t value) {
   data->mark(this->bit_high_);
   transmit.perform();
 }
+
 void LgIrClimate::calc_checksum_(uint32_t &value) {
-  uint32_t mask = 0xF;
   uint32_t sum = 0;
   for (uint8_t i = 1; i < 8; i++) {
-    sum += (value & (mask << (i * 4))) >> (i * 4);
+    sum += (value & (CHECKSUM_MASK << (i * 4))) >> (i * 4);
   }
 
-  value |= (sum & mask);
+  value |= (sum & CHECKSUM_MASK);
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::climate_ir_lg

esphome/components/climate_ir_lg/climate_ir_lg.h

@@ -21,12 +21,13 @@ class LgIrClimate final : public climate_ir::ClimateIR {
   /// Override control to change settings of the climate device.
   void control(const climate::ClimateCall &call) override {
     this->send_swing_cmd_ = call.get_swing_mode().has_value();
-    // swing resets after unit powered off
+    // swing resets after unit powered off, except when advanced_commands_support_ is set
     auto mode = call.get_mode();
-    if (mode.has_value() && *mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF)
+    if (mode.has_value() && *mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF && !(this->advanced_commands_support_))
       this->swing_mode = climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF;
     climate_ir::ClimateIR::control(call);
   }
+  void set_advanced_commands_support(bool value) { this->advanced_commands_support_ = value; }
   void set_header_high(uint32_t header_high) { this->header_high_ = header_high; }
   void set_header_low(uint32_t header_low) { this->header_low_ = header_low; }
   void set_bit_high(uint32_t bit_high) { this->bit_high_ = bit_high; }
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ class LgIrClimate final : public climate_ir::ClimateIR {
   void calc_checksum_(uint32_t &value);
   void transmit_(uint32_t value);
 
+  bool advanced_commands_support_{false};
   uint32_t header_high_;
   uint32_t header_low_;
   uint32_t bit_high_;

esphome/components/const/__init__.py

@@ -14,8 +14,10 @@ CONF_CHANNEL_COLORS = "channel_colors"
 CONF_CLIMATE_ID = "climate_id"
 CONF_CO2_EQUIVALENT = "co2_equivalent"
 CONF_COLOR_DEPTH = "color_depth"
+CONF_COLUMNS = "columns"
 CONF_CRC_ENABLE = "crc_enable"
 CONF_DATA_BITS = "data_bits"
+CONF_DESCRIPTION = "description"
 CONF_DRAW_ROUNDING = "draw_rounding"
 CONF_ENABLE_OTA_DOWNGRADE_PROTECTION = "enable_ota_downgrade_protection"
 CONF_ENABLED = "enabled"
@@ -24,6 +26,7 @@ CONF_GYROSCOPE_RANGE = "gyroscope_range"
 CONF_IAQ = "iaq"
 CONF_IGNORE_NOT_FOUND = "ignore_not_found"
 CONF_IS_WRGB = "is_wrgb"
+CONF_KEYS = "keys"
 CONF_LABEL = "label"
 CONF_LIBRETINY = "libretiny"
 CONF_LOOP = "loop"

esphome/components/cs5460a/cs5460a.cpp

@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ bool CS5460AComponent::check_status_() {
     bool dir = status & (1 << 21);
     if (current_gain_ < 0)
       dir = !dir;
-    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Energy counter %s pulse", dir ? "negative" : "positive");
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Energy counter %s pulse", dir ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("negative") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("positive"));
     clear |= 1 << 22;
   }
 
@@ -319,7 +319,9 @@ void CS5460AComponent::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "CS5460A:\n"
                 "  Init status: %s",
-                state == COMPONENT_STATE_LOOP ? "OK" : (state == COMPONENT_STATE_FAILED ? "failed" : "other"));
+                state == COMPONENT_STATE_LOOP
+                    ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("OK")
+                    : (state == COMPONENT_STATE_FAILED ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("failed") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("other")));
   LOG_PIN("  CS Pin: ", cs_);
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "  Samples / cycle: %" PRIu32 "\n"
@@ -330,9 +332,10 @@ void CS5460AComponent::dump_config() {
                 "  Current HPF: %s\n"
                 "  Voltage HPF: %s\n"
                 "  Pulse energy: %.2f Wh",
-                samples_, phase_offset_, pga_gain_ == CS5460A_PGA_GAIN_50X ? "50x" : "10x", current_gain_,
-                voltage_gain_, current_hpf_ ? "enabled" : "disabled", voltage_hpf_ ? "enabled" : "disabled",
-                pulse_energy_wh_);
+                samples_, phase_offset_,
+                pga_gain_ == CS5460A_PGA_GAIN_50X ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("50x") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("10x"), current_gain_,
+                voltage_gain_, current_hpf_ ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("enabled") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("disabled"),
+                voltage_hpf_ ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("enabled") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("disabled"), pulse_energy_wh_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Voltage", voltage_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Current", current_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Power", power_sensor_);

esphome/components/d01/d01.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#include "d01.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+// uart specification for d01 sensor from https://manuals.plus/ae/1005006417362019:
+//
+// A frame of serial output data includes 4 bytes, formatted as follows:
+// __Characteristic byte: Fixed value 0xA5.
+// __Data byte: DATAH is the high 7 bits of the concentration value, and DATAL is the low 7 bits of the concentration
+// value.
+// __Check byte: The low 7 bits of the sum of all bytes before the check byte.
+//
+// If the serial output is 4 bytes of data: 0*A5 0*01 0*2C 0*52, then DATAH = 0*01 = 1, DATAL = 0*2C = 44.
+// Concentration value = 1*128 + 44 = 172 µg/m³.
+//
+// The PM2.5 dust concentration value obtained from the dust sensor needs to be calibrated with a K value coefficient
+// based on the TSI instrument's photometric method. It is generally recommended to use 0.4.
+
+namespace esphome::d01 {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "d01";
+
+static const uint8_t D01_FRAME_HEADER = 0xA5;
+
+void D01SensorComponent::dump_config() { LOG_SENSOR("  ", "D01 PM2.5", this); }
+
+void D01SensorComponent::loop() {
+  uint8_t buf[4];
+  while (this->available() >= 4) {
+    if (this->peek() != D01_FRAME_HEADER) {
+      this->read();
+      continue;
+    }
+    this->read_array(buf, 4);
+    uint8_t sum = (buf[0] + buf[1] + buf[2]) & 0x7F;
+    if (sum != buf[3]) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "checksum mismatch");
+      continue;
+    }
+    uint16_t latest_concentration = (buf[1] & 0x7F) * 128 + (buf[2] & 0x7F);
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Unadjusted PM2.5 Concentration: %d µg/m³", latest_concentration);
+    this->publish_state(latest_concentration);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::d01

esphome/components/d01/d01.h

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
+#include "esphome/components/uart/uart.h"
+
+namespace esphome::d01 {
+
+class D01SensorComponent final : public sensor::Sensor, public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
+ public:
+  void dump_config() override;
+  void loop() override;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::d01