[core] Outline Scheduler::call cleanup slow path into cold combined helper

Fold the to_remove_empty check, cleanup_slow_path_ call, and
MAX_LOGICALLY_DELETED_ITEMS threshold check into a single hot-path
branch + cold outlined helper.

Before this change, the cleanup block in Scheduler::call compiled to
two independent memw + l32i sequences (one for to_remove_empty_() inside
cleanup_(), one for the separate to_remove_count_() check) because GCC
cannot CSE across the memw barriers that std::atomic<uint32_t>::load
emits on Xtensa.

A previous attempt at collapsing these into a single inline branch
(#15985) had the right assembly for the memw count but grew
Scheduler::call by a handful of bytes and rearranged the control flow
enough to nudge sched up ~0.5 us/iter on gatetrigger in practice.

This version goes further: cleanup_slow_combined_ is annotated
noinline + cold so the entire slow path (both reads, both calls) is
pulled out of Scheduler::call entirely. The hot path becomes:

    memw; l32i a8, [to_remove_]; beqz skip
    call8 cleanup_slow_combined_   ; unlikely, cold

and Scheduler::call's body shrinks 344 B -> 332 B (-12 B, below the dev
baseline). Adjacent code (feed_wdt_slow_, etc.) stays in the same flash
region, avoiding the cache-layout side-effects that made earlier
attempts a net loss on busier configs.

The [[unlikely]] attribute on the branch plus the cold attribute on the
helper give the compiler permission to keep the skip path straight and
push the call out-of-line.

.clang-tidy.hash

@@ -1 +1 @@
-075ed2142432dc59883bb52db8ac11270f952851d6400deae080f5468c7cb592
+1b1ce6324c50c4595703c7df0a8a479b4fe84b71ff1a8793cce1a16f17a33324

.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/reviews.js

@@ -41,16 +41,36 @@ function generateReviewMessages(finalLabels, originalLabelCount, deprecatedInfo,
 
     let message = `${TOO_BIG_MARKER}\n### 📦 Pull Request Size\n\n`;
 
+    message +=
+      `Hey @${prAuthor}, thanks for the contribution! Just a heads up, ` +
+      `this PR is on the large side `;
+
     if (tooManyLabels && tooManyChanges) {
-      message += `This PR is too large with ${nonTestChanges} line changes (excluding tests) and affects ${originalLabelCount} different components/areas.`;
+      message +=
+        `(${nonTestChanges} line changes excluding tests, across ` +
+        `${originalLabelCount} different components/areas)`;
     } else if (tooManyLabels) {
-      message += `This PR affects ${originalLabelCount} different components/areas.`;
+      message +=
+        `(it touches ${originalLabelCount} different components/areas)`;
     } else {
-      message += `This PR is too large with ${nonTestChanges} line changes (excluding tests).`;
+      message += `(${nonTestChanges} line changes excluding tests)`;
     }
 
-    message += ` Please consider breaking it down into smaller, focused PRs to make review easier and reduce the risk of conflicts.\n\n`;
-    message += `For guidance on breaking down large PRs, see: https://developers.esphome.io/contributing/submitting-your-work/#how-to-approach-large-submissions`;
+    message += `, which makes it harder for maintainers to review.\n\n`;
+    message +=
+      `Smaller, focused PRs tend to be reviewed much faster since they ` +
+      `fit into the short gaps between other maintainer work; large ones ` +
+      `often have to wait for a rare long uninterrupted block of time. ` +
+      `If you can break this up into smaller pieces that can be reviewed ` +
+      `independently, it will almost certainly land faster overall.\n\n`;
+    message +=
+      `Before putting more time in, it's also worth popping into ` +
+      `\`#devs\` on [Discord](https://esphome.io/chat) so we can help ` +
+      `you scope things and flag anything already in flight.\n\n`;
+    message +=
+      `For more details (including how to split the work up), see: ` +
+      `https://developers.esphome.io/contributing/submitting-your-work/` +
+      `#how-to-approach-large-submissions`;
 
     messages.push(message);
   }

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ jobs:
           echo "binary=$BINARY" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
 
       - name: Run CodSpeed benchmarks
-        uses: CodSpeedHQ/action@db35df748deb45fdef0960669f57d627c1956c30 # v4
+        uses: CodSpeedHQ/action@658a901452bb54c799643e060733b7afe9121b8d # v4.14.0
         with:
           run: ${{ steps.build.outputs.binary }}
           mode: simulation

.github/workflows/close-pr-from-fork-default-branch.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+name: Close PR From Fork Default Branch
+
+on:
+  # pull_request_target is required so we have permission to comment and close PRs from forks.
+  pull_request_target:
+    types: [opened, reopened]
+
+permissions:
+  pull-requests: write
+  issues: write
+
+jobs:
+  close:
+    name: Close PR opened from fork's default branch
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: >-
+      github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name != github.event.pull_request.base.repo.full_name
+      && github.event.pull_request.head.ref == github.event.repository.default_branch
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { owner, repo } = context.repo;
+            const prNumber = context.payload.pull_request.number;
+            const author = context.payload.pull_request.user.login;
+            const defaultBranch = context.payload.repository.default_branch;
+            const headRepo = context.payload.pull_request.head.repo.full_name;
+
+            const body = [
+              `Hi @${author}, thanks for opening a pull request! :tada:`,
+              ``,
+              `It looks like this PR was opened from the \`${defaultBranch}\` branch of your fork (\`${headRepo}\`), which is the same name as this repository's default branch. Working directly on \`${defaultBranch}\` in your fork causes a few problems:`,
+              ``,
+              `- Your fork's \`${defaultBranch}\` branch will permanently diverge from \`esphome/esphome:${defaultBranch}\`, making it hard to keep your fork up to date.`,
+              `- Any additional commits you push to \`${defaultBranch}\` will be added to this PR, so you can't easily work on multiple changes at once.`,
+              `- Pushing maintainer fixes to your branch is awkward, since it means committing directly to your fork's default branch.`,
+              `- It makes local collaboration painful — \`${defaultBranch}\` in a checkout becomes ambiguous between upstream and your fork, and maintainers end up with naming collisions when fetching your branch.`,
+              ``,
+              `Please re-open this as a new PR from a dedicated feature branch. The usual flow looks like:`,
+              ``,
+              `\`\`\`bash`,
+              `# Make sure your fork's ${defaultBranch} is up to date with upstream`,
+              `git remote add upstream https://github.com/${owner}/${repo}.git  # if you haven't already`,
+              `git fetch upstream`,
+              `git checkout ${defaultBranch}`,
+              `git reset --hard upstream/${defaultBranch}`,
+              `git push --force-with-lease origin ${defaultBranch}`,
+              ``,
+              `# Create a new branch for your change and cherry-pick / re-apply your commits there`,
+              `git checkout -b my-feature-branch upstream/${defaultBranch}`,
+              `# ...re-apply your changes, then:`,
+              `git push origin my-feature-branch`,
+              `\`\`\``,
+              ``,
+              `Then open a new pull request from \`my-feature-branch\` into \`${owner}/${repo}:${defaultBranch}\`.`,
+              ``,
+              `Closing this PR for now — sorry for the friction, and thanks again for contributing! :heart:`,
+            ].join('\n');
+
+            await github.rest.issues.createComment({
+              owner,
+              repo,
+              issue_number: prNumber,
+              body,
+            });
+
+            await github.rest.pulls.update({
+              owner,
+              repo,
+              pull_number: prNumber,
+              state: 'closed',
+            });

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ ci:
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
     # Ruff version.
-    rev: v0.15.11
+    rev: v0.15.12
     hooks:
       # Run the linter.
       - id: ruff
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ repos:
         entry: python3 script/run-in-env.py pylint
         language: system
         types: [python]
+        files: ^esphome/.+\.py$
       - id: clang-tidy-hash
         name: Update clang-tidy hash
         entry: python script/clang_tidy_hash.py --update-if-changed

CODEOWNERS

@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ esphome/components/audio_adc/* @kbx81
 esphome/components/audio_dac/* @kbx81
 esphome/components/audio_file/* @kahrendt
 esphome/components/audio_file/media_source/* @kahrendt
+esphome/components/audio_http/* @kahrendt
 esphome/components/axs15231/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/b_parasite/* @rbaron
 esphome/components/ballu/* @bazuchan
@@ -403,6 +404,7 @@ esphome/components/qmp6988/* @andrewpc
 esphome/components/qr_code/* @wjtje
 esphome/components/qspi_dbi/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/qwiic_pir/* @kahrendt
+esphome/components/radio_frequency/* @kbx81
 esphome/components/radon_eye_ble/* @jeffeb3
 esphome/components/radon_eye_rd200/* @jeffeb3
 esphome/components/rc522/* @glmnet
@@ -438,6 +440,11 @@ esphome/components/sen0321/* @notjj
 esphome/components/sen21231/* @shreyaskarnik
 esphome/components/sen5x/* @martgras
 esphome/components/sen6x/* @martgras @mebner86 @mikelawrence @tuct
+esphome/components/sendspin/* @kahrendt
+esphome/components/sendspin/media_player/* @kahrendt
+esphome/components/sendspin/media_source/* @kahrendt
+esphome/components/sendspin/sensor/* @kahrendt
+esphome/components/sendspin/text_sensor/* @kahrendt
 esphome/components/sensirion_common/* @martgras
 esphome/components/sensor/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/serial_proxy/* @kbx81
@@ -599,6 +606,6 @@ esphome/components/xxtea/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/zephyr/* @tomaszduda23
 esphome/components/zephyr_mcumgr/ota/* @tomaszduda23
 esphome/components/zhlt01/* @cfeenstra1024
-esphome/components/zigbee/* @tomaszduda23
+esphome/components/zigbee/* @luar123 @tomaszduda23
 esphome/components/zio_ultrasonic/* @kahrendt
 esphome/components/zwave_proxy/* @kbx81

MANIFEST.in

@@ -4,4 +4,5 @@ include requirements.txt
 recursive-include esphome *.yaml
 recursive-include esphome *.cpp *.h *.tcc *.c
 recursive-include esphome *.py.script
+recursive-include esphome *.jinja
 recursive-include esphome LICENSE.txt

esphome/__main__.py

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_MDNS,
     CONF_MQTT,
     CONF_NAME,
+    CONF_NAME_ADD_MAC_SUFFIX,
     CONF_OTA,
     CONF_PASSWORD,
     CONF_PLATFORM,
@@ -71,6 +72,7 @@ from esphome.util import (
     run_external_process,
     safe_print,
 )
+from esphome.zeroconf import discover_mdns_devices
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -204,6 +206,64 @@ def _resolve_with_cache(address: str, purpose: Purpose) -> list[str]:
     return [address]
 
 
+def _populate_mdns_cache(hosts_to_addresses: dict[str, list[str]]) -> None:
+    """Store discovered ``host -> [ips]`` entries in ``CORE.address_cache``.
+
+    Ensures ``CORE.address_cache`` exists, then records each mDNS hostname so
+    the downstream resolution path (``resolve_ip_address``) can skip opening a
+    second Zeroconf client.
+    """
+    from esphome.address_cache import AddressCache
+
+    if CORE.address_cache is None:
+        CORE.address_cache = AddressCache()
+    for host, addresses in hosts_to_addresses.items():
+        if addresses:
+            _LOGGER.debug("Caching mDNS result %s -> %s", host, addresses)
+        CORE.address_cache.add_mdns_addresses(host, addresses)
+
+
+def _discover_mac_suffix_devices() -> list[str] | None:
+    """Discover ``<name>-<mac>.local`` devices and cache their IPs.
+
+    Returns:
+        - ``None`` when discovery isn't applicable (``name_add_mac_suffix`` off,
+          mDNS disabled, or ``CORE.address`` is already an IP). Callers should
+          then fall back to whatever default OTA address they normally use.
+        - ``[]`` when discovery ran but found nothing. Callers should NOT fall
+          back to the base name: with ``name_add_mac_suffix`` enabled, the base
+          name by definition doesn't exist on the network.
+        - A non-empty sorted list of ``.local`` hostnames on success.
+
+    Populates ``CORE.address_cache`` so downstream resolution (``espota2`` or
+    ``aioesphomeapi`` via :func:`_resolve_network_devices`) reuses the IPs we
+    already have without opening a second Zeroconf client.
+    """
+    if not (has_name_add_mac_suffix() and has_mdns() and has_non_ip_address()):
+        return None
+    _LOGGER.info("Discovering devices...")
+    if not (discovered := discover_mdns_devices(CORE.name)):
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "No devices matching '%s-<mac>.local' were discovered.", CORE.name
+        )
+        return []
+    _populate_mdns_cache(discovered)
+    return list(discovered)
+
+
+def _ota_hostnames_for_default(purpose: Purpose) -> list[str]:
+    """Return OTA hostname(s) for the ``--device OTA`` / default-resolve path.
+
+    When ``name_add_mac_suffix`` is enabled, returns discovered
+    ``<name>-<mac>.local`` hostnames (possibly empty — in which case the
+    caller should not fall back to the base name). Otherwise falls back to
+    the cache-resolved ``CORE.address``.
+    """
+    if (discovered := _discover_mac_suffix_devices()) is not None:
+        return discovered
+    return _resolve_with_cache(CORE.address, purpose)
+
+
 def choose_upload_log_host(
     default: list[str] | str | None,
     check_default: str | None,
@@ -242,14 +302,14 @@ def choose_upload_log_host(
                         resolved.append("MQTT")
 
                     if has_api() and has_non_ip_address() and has_resolvable_address():
-                        resolved.extend(_resolve_with_cache(CORE.address, purpose))
+                        resolved.extend(_ota_hostnames_for_default(purpose))
 
                 elif purpose == Purpose.UPLOADING:
                     if has_ota() and has_mqtt_ip_lookup():
                         resolved.append("MQTTIP")
 
                     if has_ota() and has_non_ip_address() and has_resolvable_address():
-                        resolved.extend(_resolve_with_cache(CORE.address, purpose))
+                        resolved.extend(_ota_hostnames_for_default(purpose))
             else:
                 resolved.append(device)
         if not resolved:
@@ -281,22 +341,29 @@ def choose_upload_log_host(
         elif bootsel.permission_error:
             bootsel_permission_error = True
 
+    def add_ota_options() -> None:
+        """Add OTA options, using mDNS discovery if name_add_mac_suffix is enabled."""
+        if (discovered := _discover_mac_suffix_devices()) is not None:
+            # Discovery was applicable. Use whatever we found — on empty,
+            # intentionally skip the base-name fallback since with
+            # name_add_mac_suffix on, the base name doesn't exist on the net.
+            for host in discovered:
+                options.append((f"Over The Air ({host})", host))
+        elif has_resolvable_address():
+            options.append((f"Over The Air ({CORE.address})", CORE.address))
+        if has_mqtt_ip_lookup():
+            options.append(("Over The Air (MQTT IP lookup)", "MQTTIP"))
+
     if purpose == Purpose.LOGGING:
         if has_mqtt_logging():
             mqtt_config = CORE.config[CONF_MQTT]
             options.append((f"MQTT ({mqtt_config[CONF_BROKER]})", "MQTT"))
 
         if has_api():
-            if has_resolvable_address():
-                options.append((f"Over The Air ({CORE.address})", CORE.address))
-            if has_mqtt_ip_lookup():
-                options.append(("Over The Air (MQTT IP lookup)", "MQTTIP"))
+            add_ota_options()
 
     elif purpose == Purpose.UPLOADING and has_ota():
-        if has_resolvable_address():
-            options.append((f"Over The Air ({CORE.address})", CORE.address))
-        if has_mqtt_ip_lookup():
-            options.append(("Over The Air (MQTT IP lookup)", "MQTTIP"))
+        add_ota_options()
 
     # Show helpful BOOTSEL instructions for RP2040 when no BOOTSEL device is found
     if (
@@ -407,7 +474,17 @@ def has_resolvable_address() -> bool:
     return not CORE.address.endswith(".local")
 
 
-def mqtt_get_ip(config: ConfigType, username: str, password: str, client_id: str):
+def has_name_add_mac_suffix() -> bool:
+    """Check if name_add_mac_suffix is enabled in the config."""
+    if CORE.config is None:
+        return False
+    esphome_config = CORE.config.get(CONF_ESPHOME, {})
+    return esphome_config.get(CONF_NAME_ADD_MAC_SUFFIX, False)
+
+
+def mqtt_get_ip(
+    config: ConfigType, username: str, password: str, client_id: str
+) -> list[str]:
     from esphome import mqtt
 
     return mqtt.get_esphome_device_ip(config, username, password, client_id)
@@ -420,6 +497,9 @@ def _resolve_network_devices(
 
     This function filters the devices list to:
     - Replace MQTT/MQTTIP magic strings with actual IP addresses via MQTT lookup
+    - Expand hostnames that are already in ``CORE.address_cache`` to their
+      cached IPs so downstream code (e.g. aioesphomeapi) doesn't open a second
+      Zeroconf client to resolve them
     - Deduplicate addresses while preserving order
     - Only resolve MQTT once even if multiple MQTT strings are present
     - If MQTT resolution fails, log a warning and continue with other devices
@@ -444,13 +524,29 @@ def _resolve_network_devices(
                     mqtt_ips = mqtt_get_ip(
                         config, args.username, args.password, args.client_id
                     )
-                    network_devices.extend(mqtt_ips)
+                    # pylint can't infer mqtt_get_ip's return through its
+                    # lazy ``from esphome import mqtt`` import, so it flags
+                    # the genexpr below.
+                    network_devices.extend(
+                        addr
+                        for addr in mqtt_ips  # pylint: disable=not-an-iterable
+                        if addr not in network_devices
+                    )
                 except EsphomeError as err:
                     _LOGGER.warning(
                         "MQTT IP discovery failed (%s), will try other devices if available",
                         err,
                     )
                 mqtt_resolved = True
+            continue
+
+        # If the hostname is already in the address cache (e.g. populated by
+        # mDNS discovery), substitute the cached IPs so aioesphomeapi doesn't
+        # open its own Zeroconf to re-resolve it.
+        if CORE.address_cache and (cached := CORE.address_cache.get_addresses(device)):
+            network_devices.extend(
+                addr for addr in cached if addr not in network_devices
+            )
         elif device not in network_devices:
             # Regular network address or IP - add if not already present
             network_devices.append(device)

esphome/address_cache.py

@@ -101,6 +101,17 @@ class AddressCache:
         """Check if any cache entries exist."""
         return bool(self.mdns_cache or self.dns_cache)
 
+    def add_mdns_addresses(self, hostname: str, addresses: list[str]) -> None:
+        """Store resolved mDNS addresses for ``hostname`` in the cache.
+
+        Callers that discover ``.local`` hosts (e.g. via mDNS browse) can use
+        this to avoid a second resolution round-trip during the upload path.
+        No-op when ``addresses`` is empty.
+        """
+        if not addresses:
+            return
+        self.mdns_cache[normalize_hostname(hostname)] = addresses
+
     @classmethod
     def from_cli_args(
         cls, mdns_args: Iterable[str], dns_args: Iterable[str]

esphome/async_thread.py

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+"""Helpers for running an async coroutine from sync code via a daemon thread.
+
+``asyncio.run(coro())`` in the main thread blocks until the loop's cleanup
+cycle finishes, which can add hundreds of milliseconds before the caller
+receives the result. Running the loop in a daemon thread lets the caller
+observe the result as soon as the coroutine completes while cleanup finishes
+in the background.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable
+import threading
+from typing import Generic, TypeVar
+
+_T = TypeVar("_T")
+
+
+class AsyncThreadRunner(threading.Thread, Generic[_T]):
+    """Run an async coroutine in a daemon thread and expose its result.
+
+    The runner catches all exceptions from the coroutine and stores them in
+    ``exception`` so ``event`` is always set — this prevents callers waiting
+    on ``event`` from hanging forever when the coroutine crashes.
+
+    Typical usage::
+
+        runner = AsyncThreadRunner(lambda: my_coro(arg))
+        runner.start()
+        if not runner.event.wait(timeout=5.0):
+            ...  # timed out
+        if runner.exception is not None:
+            raise runner.exception
+        result = runner.result
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, coro_factory: Callable[[], Awaitable[_T]]) -> None:
+        super().__init__(daemon=True)
+        self._coro_factory = coro_factory
+        self.result: _T | None = None
+        self.exception: BaseException | None = None
+        self.event = threading.Event()
+
+    async def _runner(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            self.result = await self._coro_factory()
+        except Exception as exc:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
+            # Capture all exceptions so ``event`` is always set — otherwise a
+            # crash would hang the waiter forever.
+            self.exception = exc
+        finally:
+            self.event.set()
+
+    def run(self) -> None:
+        asyncio.run(self._runner())

esphome/components/ac_dimmer/ac_dimmer.cpp

@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ void AcDimmer::setup() {
     this->zero_cross_pin_->setup();
     this->store_.zero_cross_pin = this->zero_cross_pin_->to_isr();
     this->zero_cross_pin_->attach_interrupt(&AcDimmerDataStore::s_gpio_intr, &this->store_,
-                                            gpio::INTERRUPT_FALLING_EDGE);
+                                            this->zero_cross_interrupt_type_);
   }
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266
@@ -226,19 +226,25 @@ void AcDimmer::write_state(float state) {
 void AcDimmer::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "AcDimmer:\n"
-                "   Min Power: %.1f%%\n"
-                "   Init with half cycle: %s",
+                "  Min Power: %.1f%%\n"
+                "  Init with half cycle: %s",
                 this->store_.min_power / 10.0f, YESNO(this->init_with_half_cycle_));
   LOG_PIN("  Output Pin: ", this->gate_pin_);
   LOG_PIN("  Zero-Cross Pin: ", this->zero_cross_pin_);
-  if (method_ == DIM_METHOD_LEADING_PULSE) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "   Method: leading pulse");
-  } else if (method_ == DIM_METHOD_LEADING) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "   Method: leading");
+  if (this->zero_cross_interrupt_type_ == gpio::INTERRUPT_RISING_EDGE) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Interrupt Type: rising");
+  } else if (this->zero_cross_interrupt_type_ == gpio::INTERRUPT_FALLING_EDGE) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Interrupt Type: falling");
   } else {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "   Method: trailing");
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Interrupt Type: any");
+  }
+  if (method_ == DIM_METHOD_LEADING_PULSE) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Method: leading pulse");
+  } else if (method_ == DIM_METHOD_LEADING) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Method: leading");
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Method: trailing");
   }
-
   LOG_FLOAT_OUTPUT(this);
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "  Estimated Frequency: %.3fHz", 1e6f / this->store_.cycle_time_us / 2);
 }

esphome/components/ac_dimmer/ac_dimmer.h

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ class AcDimmer : public output::FloatOutput, public Component {
   void dump_config() override;
   void set_gate_pin(InternalGPIOPin *gate_pin) { gate_pin_ = gate_pin; }
   void set_zero_cross_pin(InternalGPIOPin *zero_cross_pin) { zero_cross_pin_ = zero_cross_pin; }
+  void set_zero_cross_interrupt_type(gpio::InterruptType type) { zero_cross_interrupt_type_ = type; }
   void set_init_with_half_cycle(bool init_with_half_cycle) { init_with_half_cycle_ = init_with_half_cycle; }
   void set_method(DimMethod method) { method_ = method; }
 
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ class AcDimmer : public output::FloatOutput, public Component {
 
   InternalGPIOPin *gate_pin_;
   InternalGPIOPin *zero_cross_pin_;
+  gpio::InterruptType zero_cross_interrupt_type_;
   AcDimmerDataStore store_;
   bool init_with_half_cycle_;
   DimMethod method_;

esphome/components/ac_dimmer/output.py

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ from esphome.core import CORE
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@glmnet"]
 
+gpio_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("gpio")
+
 ac_dimmer_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ac_dimmer")
 AcDimmer = ac_dimmer_ns.class_("AcDimmer", output.FloatOutput, cg.Component)
 
@@ -17,15 +19,26 @@ DIM_METHODS = {
     "TRAILING": DimMethod.DIM_METHOD_TRAILING,
 }
 
+ZC_INTERRUPT_TYPES = {
+    "RISING": gpio_ns.INTERRUPT_RISING_EDGE,
+    "FALLING": gpio_ns.INTERRUPT_FALLING_EDGE,
+    "ANY": gpio_ns.INTERRUPT_ANY_EDGE,
+}
+
 CONF_GATE_PIN = "gate_pin"
 CONF_ZERO_CROSS_PIN = "zero_cross_pin"
 CONF_INIT_WITH_HALF_CYCLE = "init_with_half_cycle"
+CONF_ZERO_CROSS_INTERRUPT_TYPE = "zero_cross_interrupt_type"
+
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
         {
             cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(AcDimmer),
             cv.Required(CONF_GATE_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_schema,
             cv.Required(CONF_ZERO_CROSS_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ZERO_CROSS_INTERRUPT_TYPE, default="FALLING"): cv.enum(
+                ZC_INTERRUPT_TYPES, upper=True, space="_"
+            ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_INIT_WITH_HALF_CYCLE, default=True): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(CONF_METHOD, default="leading pulse"): cv.enum(
                 DIM_METHODS, upper=True, space="_"
@@ -54,5 +67,6 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.add(var.set_gate_pin(pin))
     pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_ZERO_CROSS_PIN])
     cg.add(var.set_zero_cross_pin(pin))
+    cg.add(var.set_zero_cross_interrupt_type(config[CONF_ZERO_CROSS_INTERRUPT_TYPE]))
     cg.add(var.set_init_with_half_cycle(config[CONF_INIT_WITH_HALF_CYCLE]))
     cg.add(var.set_method(config[CONF_METHOD]))

esphome/components/anova/anova_base.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <cstring>
 
+#include "esphome/core/alloc_helpers.h"
+
 namespace esphome {
 namespace anova {
 
@@ -105,14 +107,14 @@ void AnovaCodec::decode(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t length) {
     }
     case READ_TARGET_TEMPERATURE:
     case SET_TARGET_TEMPERATURE: {
-      this->target_temp_ = parse_number<float>(str_until(buf, '\r')).value_or(0.0f);
+      this->target_temp_ = parse_number<float>(str_until(buf, '\r')).value_or(0.0f);  // NOLINT
       if (this->fahrenheit_)
         this->target_temp_ = ftoc(this->target_temp_);
       this->has_target_temp_ = true;
       break;
     }
     case READ_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE: {
-      this->current_temp_ = parse_number<float>(str_until(buf, '\r')).value_or(0.0f);
+      this->current_temp_ = parse_number<float>(str_until(buf, '\r')).value_or(0.0f);  // NOLINT
       if (this->fahrenheit_)
         this->current_temp_ = ftoc(this->current_temp_);
       this->has_current_temp_ = true;

esphome/components/api/__init__.py

@@ -291,12 +291,12 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.SplitDefault(
                 CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS,
                 esp8266=4,  # ~40KB free RAM, each connection uses ~500-1000 bytes
-                esp32=8,  # 520KB RAM available
+                esp32=5,  # 520KB RAM available
                 rp2040=4,  # 264KB RAM but LWIP constraints
-                bk72xx=8,  # Moderate RAM
-                rtl87xx=8,  # Moderate RAM
+                bk72xx=5,  # Moderate RAM
+                rtl87xx=5,  # Moderate RAM
                 host=8,  # Abundant resources
-                ln882x=8,  # Moderate RAM
+                ln882x=5,  # Moderate RAM
             ): cv.int_range(min=1, max=20),
             # Maximum queued send buffers per connection before dropping connection
             # Each buffer uses ~8-12 bytes overhead plus actual message size
@@ -336,8 +336,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add(var.set_batch_delay(config[CONF_BATCH_DELAY]))
     if CONF_LISTEN_BACKLOG in config:
         cg.add(var.set_listen_backlog(config[CONF_LISTEN_BACKLOG]))
-    if CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS in config:
-        cg.add(var.set_max_connections(config[CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS]))
+    cg.add_define("MAX_API_CONNECTIONS", config[CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS])
     cg.add_define("API_MAX_SEND_QUEUE", config[CONF_MAX_SEND_QUEUE])
 
     # Set USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS if any services are enabled

esphome/components/api/api.proto

@@ -2544,27 +2544,50 @@ message ListEntitiesInfraredResponse {
 message InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest {
   option (id) = 136;
   option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_IR_RF";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_IR_RF || USE_RADIO_FREQUENCY";
 
   uint32 device_id = 1 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_DEVICES"];
-  fixed32 key = 2 [(force) = true];                                       // Key identifying the transmitter instance
-  uint32 carrier_frequency = 3;                          // Carrier frequency in Hz
-  uint32 repeat_count = 4;                               // Number of times to transmit (1 = once, 2 = twice, etc.)
+  fixed32 key = 2 [(force) = true];     // Key identifying the transmitter instance
+  uint32 carrier_frequency = 3;         // Carrier frequency in Hz
+  uint32 repeat_count = 4;              // Number of times to transmit (1 = once, 2 = twice, etc.)
   repeated sint32 timings = 5 [packed = true, (packed_buffer) = true];  // Raw timings in microseconds (zigzag-encoded): positive = mark (LED/TX on), negative = space (LED/TX off)
+  uint32 modulation = 6;  // RadioFrequencyModulation enum value (0 = OOK; ignored for IR entities)
 }
 
 // Event message for received infrared/RF data
 message InfraredRFReceiveEvent {
   option (id) = 137;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_IR_RF";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_IR_RF || USE_RADIO_FREQUENCY";
   option (no_delay) = true;
 
   uint32 device_id = 1 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_DEVICES"];
-  fixed32 key = 2 [(force) = true];                                    // Key identifying the receiver instance
+  fixed32 key = 2 [(force) = true];     // Key identifying the receiver instance
   repeated sint32 timings = 3 [packed = true, (container_pointer_no_template) = "std::vector<int32_t>"];  // Raw timings in microseconds (zigzag-encoded): alternating mark/space periods
 }
 
+// ==================== RADIO FREQUENCY ====================
+
+// Lists available radio frequency entity instances
+message ListEntitiesRadioFrequencyResponse {
+  option (id) = 148;
+  option (base_class) = "InfoResponseProtoMessage";
+  option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_RADIO_FREQUENCY";
+
+  string object_id = 1 [(max_data_length) = 120, (force) = true];
+  fixed32 key = 2 [(force) = true];
+  string name = 3 [(max_data_length) = 120, (force) = true];
+  string icon = 4 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_ENTITY_ICON", (max_data_length) = 63];
+  bool disabled_by_default = 5;
+  EntityCategory entity_category = 6;
+  uint32 device_id = 7 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_DEVICES"];
+  uint32 capabilities = 8;           // Bitmask of RadioFrequencyCapabilityFlags: bit 0 = transmitter, bit 1 = receiver
+  uint32 frequency_min = 9;          // Minimum tunable frequency in Hz; if min == max (non-zero): fixed frequency; 0 = unspecified
+  uint32 frequency_max = 10;         // Maximum tunable frequency in Hz; 0 = unspecified
+  uint32 supported_modulations = 11; // Bitmask of supported RadioFrequencyModulation values (bit N = modulation N supported)
+}
+
 // ==================== SERIAL PROXY ====================
 
 enum SerialProxyParity {

esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp

@@ -49,6 +49,9 @@
 #ifdef USE_INFRARED
 #include "esphome/components/infrared/infrared.h"
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_RADIO_FREQUENCY
+#include "esphome/components/radio_frequency/radio_frequency.h"
+#endif
 
 namespace esphome::api {
 
@@ -100,6 +103,12 @@ static const int CAMERA_STOP_STREAM = 5000;
   entity_type *entity_var = App.get_##getter_name##_by_key(msg.key, msg.device_id); \
   if ((entity_var) == nullptr) \
     return;
+
+// Helper macro for multi-entity dispatch: looks up an entity by key and device_id without early return or make_call().
+// Use when multiple entity types must be checked in sequence (at most one will match).
+#define ENTITY_COMMAND_LOOKUP(entity_type, entity_var, getter_name) \
+  entity_type *entity_var = App.get_##getter_name##_by_key(msg.key, msg.device_id)
+
 #else  // No device support, use simpler macros
 // Helper macro for entity command handlers - gets entity by key, returns if not found, and creates call
 // object
@@ -115,6 +124,12 @@ static const int CAMERA_STOP_STREAM = 5000;
   entity_type *entity_var = App.get_##getter_name##_by_key(msg.key); \
   if ((entity_var) == nullptr) \
     return;
+
+// Helper macro for multi-entity dispatch: looks up an entity by key without early return or make_call().
+// Use when multiple entity types must be checked in sequence (at most one will match).
+#define ENTITY_COMMAND_LOOKUP(entity_type, entity_var, getter_name) \
+  entity_type *entity_var = App.get_##getter_name##_by_key(msg.key)
+
 #endif  // USE_DEVICES
 
 APIConnection::APIConnection(std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> sock, APIServer *parent) : parent_(parent) {
@@ -1471,19 +1486,36 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_event_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *c
 }
 #endif
 
-#ifdef USE_IR_RF
+#if defined(USE_IR_RF) || defined(USE_RADIO_FREQUENCY)
 void APIConnection::on_infrared_rf_transmit_raw_timings_request(const InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest &msg) {
-  // TODO: When RF is implemented, add a field to the message to distinguish IR vs RF
-  // and dispatch to the appropriate entity type based on that field.
+  // Dispatch by key: infrared entities are checked first, then radio frequency entities.
+  // The key is unique across all entity instances on a device, so at most one lookup will succeed.
 #ifdef USE_INFRARED
-  ENTITY_COMMAND_MAKE_CALL(infrared::Infrared, infrared, infrared)
-  call.set_carrier_frequency(msg.carrier_frequency);
-  call.set_raw_timings_packed(msg.timings_data_, msg.timings_length_, msg.timings_count_);
-  call.set_repeat_count(msg.repeat_count);
-  call.perform();
+  ENTITY_COMMAND_LOOKUP(infrared::Infrared, infrared, infrared);
+  if (infrared != nullptr) {
+    auto call = infrared->make_call();
+    call.set_carrier_frequency(msg.carrier_frequency);
+    call.set_raw_timings_packed(msg.timings_data_, msg.timings_length_, msg.timings_count_);
+    call.set_repeat_count(msg.repeat_count);
+    call.perform();
+    return;
+  }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_RADIO_FREQUENCY
+  ENTITY_COMMAND_LOOKUP(radio_frequency::RadioFrequency, radio_frequency, radio_frequency);
+  if (radio_frequency != nullptr) {
+    auto call = radio_frequency->make_call();
+    call.set_frequency(msg.carrier_frequency);
+    call.set_modulation(static_cast<radio_frequency::RadioFrequencyModulation>(msg.modulation));
+    call.set_repeat_count(msg.repeat_count);
+    call.set_raw_timings_packed(msg.timings_data_, msg.timings_length_, msg.timings_count_);
+    call.perform();
+  }
 #endif
 }
+#endif
 
+#if defined(USE_IR_RF) || defined(USE_RADIO_FREQUENCY)
 void APIConnection::send_infrared_rf_receive_event(const InfraredRFReceiveEvent &msg) { this->send_message(msg); }
 #endif
 
@@ -1580,6 +1612,19 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_infrared_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection
 }
 #endif
 
+#ifdef USE_RADIO_FREQUENCY
+uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_radio_frequency_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn,
+                                                      uint32_t remaining_size) {
+  auto *rf = static_cast<radio_frequency::RadioFrequency *>(entity);
+  ListEntitiesRadioFrequencyResponse msg;
+  msg.capabilities = rf->get_capability_flags();
+  msg.frequency_min = rf->get_traits().get_frequency_min_hz();
+  msg.frequency_max = rf->get_traits().get_frequency_max_hz();
+  msg.supported_modulations = rf->get_traits().get_supported_modulations();
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(rf, msg, conn, remaining_size);
+}
+#endif
+
 #ifdef USE_UPDATE
 bool APIConnection::send_update_state(update::UpdateEntity *update) {
   return this->send_message_smart_(update, UpdateStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, UpdateStateResponse::ESTIMATED_SIZE);
@@ -2341,6 +2386,9 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::dispatch_message_(const DeferredBatch::BatchItem &item,
 #ifdef USE_INFRARED
     CASE_INFO_ONLY(infrared, ListEntitiesInfraredResponse)
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_RADIO_FREQUENCY
+    CASE_INFO_ONLY(radio_frequency, ListEntitiesRadioFrequencyResponse)
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_EVENT
     CASE_INFO_ONLY(event, ListEntitiesEventResponse)
 #endif

esphome/components/api/api_connection.h

@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
   void on_water_heater_command_request(const WaterHeaterCommandRequest &msg);
 #endif
 
-#ifdef USE_IR_RF
+#if defined(USE_IR_RF) || defined(USE_RADIO_FREQUENCY)
   void on_infrared_rf_transmit_raw_timings_request(const InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest &msg);
   void send_infrared_rf_receive_event(const InfraredRFReceiveEvent &msg);
 #endif
@@ -612,6 +612,9 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 #ifdef USE_INFRARED
   static uint16_t try_send_infrared_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size);
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_RADIO_FREQUENCY
+  static uint16_t try_send_radio_frequency_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size);
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_EVENT
   static uint16_t try_send_event_response(event::Event *event, StringRef event_type, APIConnection *conn,
                                           uint32_t remaining_size);

esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp

@@ -3861,7 +3861,7 @@ uint32_t ListEntitiesInfraredResponse::calculate_size() const {
   return size;
 }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_IR_RF
+#if defined(USE_IR_RF) || defined(USE_RADIO_FREQUENCY)
 bool InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
@@ -3875,6 +3875,9 @@ bool InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto
     case 4:
       this->repeat_count = value;
       break;
+    case 6:
+      this->modulation = value;
+      break;
     default:
       return false;
   }
@@ -3928,6 +3931,46 @@ uint32_t InfraredRFReceiveEvent::calculate_size() const {
   return size;
 }
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_RADIO_FREQUENCY
+uint8_t *ListEntitiesRadioFrequencyResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const {
+  uint8_t *__restrict__ pos = buffer.get_pos();
+  ProtoEncode::encode_short_string_force(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 10, this->object_id);
+  ProtoEncode::write_tag_and_fixed32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 21, this->key);
+  ProtoEncode::encode_short_string_force(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 26, this->name);
+#ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
+  ProtoEncode::encode_string(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 4, this->icon);
+#endif
+  ProtoEncode::encode_bool(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 5, this->disabled_by_default);
+  ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 6, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
+#ifdef USE_DEVICES
+  ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 7, this->device_id);
+#endif
+  ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 8, this->capabilities);
+  ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 9, this->frequency_min);
+  ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 10, this->frequency_max);
+  ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 11, this->supported_modulations);
+  return pos;
+}
+uint32_t ListEntitiesRadioFrequencyResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += 2 + this->object_id.size();
+  size += 5;
+  size += 2 + this->name.size();
+#ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
+  size += !this->icon.empty() ? 2 + this->icon.size() : 0;
+#endif
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
+  size += this->entity_category ? 2 : 0;
+#ifdef USE_DEVICES
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+#endif
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->capabilities);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->frequency_min);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->frequency_max);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->supported_modulations);
+  return size;
+}
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
 bool SerialProxyConfigureRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {

esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h

@@ -3054,11 +3054,11 @@ class ListEntitiesInfraredResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
  protected:
 };
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_IR_RF
+#if defined(USE_IR_RF) || defined(USE_RADIO_FREQUENCY)
 class InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
   static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 136;
-  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 220;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 224;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("infrared_rf_transmit_raw_timings_request"); }
 #endif
@@ -3071,6 +3071,7 @@ class InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
   const uint8_t *timings_data_{nullptr};
   uint16_t timings_length_{0};
   uint16_t timings_count_{0};
+  uint32_t modulation{0};
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -3101,6 +3102,27 @@ class InfraredRFReceiveEvent final : public ProtoMessage {
  protected:
 };
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_RADIO_FREQUENCY
+class ListEntitiesRadioFrequencyResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
+ public:
+  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 148;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 56;
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_radio_frequency_response"); }
+#endif
+  uint32_t capabilities{0};
+  uint32_t frequency_min{0};
+  uint32_t frequency_max{0};
+  uint32_t supported_modulations{0};
+  uint8_t *encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
+#endif
+
+ protected:
+};
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
 class SerialProxyConfigureRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:

esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp

@@ -2576,7 +2576,7 @@ const char *ListEntitiesInfraredResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   return out.c_str();
 }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_IR_RF
+#if defined(USE_IR_RF) || defined(USE_RADIO_FREQUENCY)
 const char *InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest"));
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
@@ -2591,6 +2591,7 @@ const char *InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const
   out.append_p(ESPHOME_PSTR(" values, "));
   append_uint(out, this->timings_length_);
   out.append_p(ESPHOME_PSTR(" bytes]\n"));
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("modulation"), this->modulation);
   return out.c_str();
 }
 const char *InfraredRFReceiveEvent::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
@@ -2605,6 +2606,27 @@ const char *InfraredRFReceiveEvent::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   return out.c_str();
 }
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_RADIO_FREQUENCY
+const char *ListEntitiesRadioFrequencyResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
+  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("ListEntitiesRadioFrequencyResponse"));
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("object_id"), this->object_id);
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("key"), this->key);
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("name"), this->name);
+#ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("icon"), this->icon);
+#endif
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("disabled_by_default"), this->disabled_by_default);
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("entity_category"), static_cast<enums::EntityCategory>(this->entity_category));
+#ifdef USE_DEVICES
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("device_id"), this->device_id);
+#endif
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("capabilities"), this->capabilities);
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("frequency_min"), this->frequency_min);
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("frequency_max"), this->frequency_max);
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("supported_modulations"), this->supported_modulations);
+  return out.c_str();
+}
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
 const char *SerialProxyConfigureRequest::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("SerialProxyConfigureRequest"));

esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.cpp

@@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ void APIConnection::read_message_(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const ui
       break;
     }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_IR_RF
+#if defined(USE_IR_RF) || defined(USE_RADIO_FREQUENCY)
     case InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
       InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);

esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h

@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ class APIServerConnectionBase {
   void on_z_wave_proxy_request(const ZWaveProxyRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
-#ifdef USE_IR_RF
+#if defined(USE_IR_RF) || defined(USE_RADIO_FREQUENCY)
   void on_infrared_rf_transmit_raw_timings_request(const InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest &value){};
 #endif
 

esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp

@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ void APIServer::loop() {
     this->accept_new_connections_();
   }
 
-  if (this->clients_.empty()) {
+  if (this->api_connection_count_ == 0) {
     // Check reboot timeout - done in loop to avoid scheduler heap churn
     // (cancelled scheduler items sit in heap memory until their scheduled time)
     if (this->reboot_timeout_ != 0) {
@@ -135,15 +135,15 @@ void APIServer::loop() {
   // Check network connectivity once for all clients
   if (!network::is_connected()) {
     // Network is down - disconnect all clients
-    for (auto &client : this->clients_) {
+    for (auto &client : this->active_clients()) {
       client->on_fatal_error();
       client->log_client_(ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_WARN, LOG_STR("Network down; disconnect"));
     }
     // Continue to process and clean up the clients below
   }
 
-  size_t client_index = 0;
-  while (client_index < this->clients_.size()) {
+  uint8_t client_index = 0;
+  while (client_index < this->api_connection_count_) {
     auto &client = this->clients_[client_index];
 
     // Common case: process active client
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ void APIServer::loop() {
   }
 }
 
-void APIServer::remove_client_(size_t client_index) {
+void APIServer::remove_client_(uint8_t client_index) {
   auto &client = this->clients_[client_index];
 
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
@@ -179,14 +179,17 @@ void APIServer::remove_client_(size_t client_index) {
   // Close socket now (was deferred from on_fatal_error to allow getpeername)
   client->helper_->close();
 
-  // Swap with the last element and pop (avoids expensive vector shifts)
-  if (client_index < this->clients_.size() - 1) {
-    std::swap(this->clients_[client_index], this->clients_.back());
+  // Swap-and-reset: move the removed client to the trailing slot and null it out so slots
+  // [api_connection_count_, N) remain nullptr.
+  const uint8_t last_index = this->api_connection_count_ - 1;
+  if (client_index < last_index) {
+    std::swap(this->clients_[client_index], this->clients_[last_index]);
   }
-  this->clients_.pop_back();
+  this->clients_[last_index].reset();
+  this->api_connection_count_--;
 
   // Last client disconnected - set warning and start tracking for reboot timeout
-  if (this->clients_.empty() && this->reboot_timeout_ != 0) {
+  if (this->api_connection_count_ == 0 && this->reboot_timeout_ != 0) {
     this->status_set_warning(LOG_STR("waiting for client connection"));
     this->last_connected_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
   }
@@ -210,8 +213,8 @@ void __attribute__((flatten)) APIServer::accept_new_connections_() {
     sock->getpeername_to(peername);
 
     // Check if we're at the connection limit
-    if (this->clients_.size() >= this->max_connections_) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Max connections (%d), rejecting %s", this->max_connections_, peername);
+    if (this->api_connection_count_ >= MAX_API_CONNECTIONS) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Max connections (%d), rejecting %s", MAX_API_CONNECTIONS, peername);
       // Immediately close - socket destructor will handle cleanup
       sock.reset();
       continue;
@@ -220,11 +223,11 @@ void __attribute__((flatten)) APIServer::accept_new_connections_() {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Accept %s", peername);
 
     auto *conn = new APIConnection(std::move(sock), this);
-    this->clients_.emplace_back(conn);
+    this->clients_[this->api_connection_count_++].reset(conn);
     conn->start();
 
     // First client connected - clear warning and update timestamp
-    if (this->clients_.size() == 1 && this->reboot_timeout_ != 0) {
+    if (this->api_connection_count_ == 1 && this->reboot_timeout_ != 0) {
       this->status_clear_warning();
       this->last_connected_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
     }
@@ -237,7 +240,7 @@ void APIServer::dump_config() {
                 "  Address: %s:%u\n"
                 "  Listen backlog: %u\n"
                 "  Max connections: %u",
-                network::get_use_address(), this->port_, this->listen_backlog_, this->max_connections_);
+                network::get_use_address(), this->port_, this->listen_backlog_, MAX_API_CONNECTIONS);
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Noise encryption: %s", YESNO(this->noise_ctx_.has_psk()));
   if (!this->noise_ctx_.has_psk()) {
@@ -255,7 +258,7 @@ void APIServer::handle_disconnect(APIConnection *conn) {}
   void APIServer::on_##entity_name##_update(entity_type *obj) { /* NOLINT(bugprone-macro-parentheses) */ \
     if (obj->is_internal()) \
       return; \
-    for (auto &c : this->clients_) { \
+    for (auto &c : this->active_clients()) { \
       if (c->flags_.state_subscription) \
         c->send_##entity_name##_state(obj); \
     } \
@@ -337,7 +340,7 @@ API_DISPATCH_UPDATE(water_heater::WaterHeater, water_heater)
 void APIServer::on_event(event::Event *obj) {
   if (obj->is_internal())
     return;
-  for (auto &c : this->clients_) {
+  for (auto &c : this->active_clients()) {
     if (c->flags_.state_subscription)
       c->send_event(obj);
   }
@@ -349,7 +352,7 @@ void APIServer::on_event(event::Event *obj) {
 void APIServer::on_update(update::UpdateEntity *obj) {
   if (obj->is_internal())
     return;
-  for (auto &c : this->clients_) {
+  for (auto &c : this->active_clients()) {
     if (c->flags_.state_subscription)
       c->send_update_state(obj);
   }
@@ -360,12 +363,12 @@ void APIServer::on_update(update::UpdateEntity *obj) {
 void APIServer::on_zwave_proxy_request(const ZWaveProxyRequest &msg) {
   // We could add code to manage a second subscription type, but, since this message type is
   //  very infrequent and small, we simply send it to all clients
-  for (auto &c : this->clients_)
+  for (auto &c : this->active_clients())
     c->send_message(msg);
 }
 #endif
 
-#ifdef USE_IR_RF
+#if defined(USE_IR_RF) || defined(USE_RADIO_FREQUENCY)
 void APIServer::send_infrared_rf_receive_event([[maybe_unused]] uint32_t device_id, uint32_t key,
                                                const std::vector<int32_t> *timings) {
   InfraredRFReceiveEvent resp{};
@@ -375,7 +378,7 @@ void APIServer::send_infrared_rf_receive_event([[maybe_unused]] uint32_t device_
   resp.key = key;
   resp.timings = timings;
 
-  for (auto &c : this->clients_)
+  for (auto &c : this->active_clients())
     c->send_infrared_rf_receive_event(resp);
 }
 #endif
@@ -392,7 +395,7 @@ void APIServer::set_batch_delay(uint16_t batch_delay) { this->batch_delay_ = bat
 
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
 void APIServer::send_homeassistant_action(const HomeassistantActionRequest &call) {
-  for (auto &client : this->clients_) {
+  for (auto &client : this->active_clients()) {
     client->send_homeassistant_action(call);
   }
 }
@@ -532,7 +535,7 @@ bool APIServer::update_noise_psk_(const SavedNoisePsk &new_psk, const LogString
         return;
       }
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Disconnecting all clients to reset PSK");
-      for (auto &c : this->clients_) {
+      for (auto &c : this->active_clients()) {
         DisconnectRequest req;
         c->send_message(req);
       }
@@ -583,7 +586,7 @@ bool APIServer::clear_noise_psk(bool make_active) {
 
 #ifdef USE_HOMEASSISTANT_TIME
 void APIServer::request_time() {
-  for (auto &client : this->clients_) {
+  for (auto &client : this->active_clients()) {
     if (!client->flags_.remove && client->is_authenticated()) {
       client->send_time_request();
       return;  // Only request from one client to avoid clock conflicts
@@ -593,8 +596,8 @@ void APIServer::request_time() {
 #endif
 
 bool APIServer::is_connected_with_state_subscription() const {
-  for (const auto &client : this->clients_) {
-    if (client->flags_.state_subscription) {
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < this->api_connection_count_; i++) {
+    if (this->clients_[i]->flags_.state_subscription) {
       return true;
     }
   }
@@ -609,7 +612,7 @@ void APIServer::on_log(uint8_t level, const char *tag, const char *message, size
     // we would be filling a buffer we are trying to clear
     return;
   }
-  for (auto &c : this->clients_) {
+  for (auto &c : this->active_clients()) {
     if (!c->flags_.remove && c->get_log_subscription_level() >= level)
       c->try_send_log_message(level, tag, message, message_len);
   }
@@ -618,7 +621,7 @@ void APIServer::on_log(uint8_t level, const char *tag, const char *message, size
 
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA
 void APIServer::on_camera_image(const std::shared_ptr<camera::CameraImage> &image) {
-  for (auto &c : this->clients_) {
+  for (auto &c : this->active_clients()) {
     if (!c->flags_.remove)
       c->set_camera_state(image);
   }
@@ -635,7 +638,7 @@ void APIServer::on_shutdown() {
   this->batch_delay_ = 5;
 
   // Send disconnect requests to all connected clients
-  for (auto &c : this->clients_) {
+  for (auto &c : this->active_clients()) {
     DisconnectRequest req;
     if (!c->send_message(req)) {
       // If we can't send the disconnect request directly (tx_buffer full),
@@ -653,7 +656,7 @@ bool APIServer::teardown() {
   this->loop();
 
   // Return true only when all clients have been torn down
-  return this->clients_.empty();
+  return this->api_connection_count_ == 0;
 }
 
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES

esphome/components/api/api_server.h

@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 #include "esphome/components/camera/camera.h"
 #endif
 
+#include <array>
+#include <memory>
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace esphome::api {
@@ -63,7 +65,6 @@ class APIServer final : public Component,
   void set_batch_delay(uint16_t batch_delay);
   uint16_t get_batch_delay() const { return batch_delay_; }
   void set_listen_backlog(uint8_t listen_backlog) { this->listen_backlog_ = listen_backlog; }
-  void set_max_connections(uint8_t max_connections) { this->max_connections_ = max_connections; }
 
   // Get reference to shared buffer for API connections
   APIBuffer &get_shared_buffer_ref() { return shared_write_buffer_; }
@@ -182,13 +183,30 @@ class APIServer final : public Component,
 #ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
   void on_zwave_proxy_request(const ZWaveProxyRequest &msg);
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_IR_RF
+#if defined(USE_IR_RF) || defined(USE_RADIO_FREQUENCY)
   void send_infrared_rf_receive_event(uint32_t device_id, uint32_t key, const std::vector<int32_t> *timings);
 #endif
 
-  bool is_connected() const { return !this->clients_.empty(); }
+  bool is_connected() const { return this->api_connection_count_ != 0; }
   bool is_connected_with_state_subscription() const;
 
+  // Range-for view over the populated slice [0, api_connection_count_). Read-only with respect
+  // to ownership — callers get `const unique_ptr&` so they can invoke non-const methods on the
+  // APIConnection but cannot reset/move the slot and break the count invariant.
+  using APIConnectionPtr = std::unique_ptr<APIConnection>;
+  class ActiveClientsView {
+    const APIConnectionPtr *begin_;
+    const APIConnectionPtr *end_;
+
+   public:
+    ActiveClientsView(const APIConnectionPtr *b, const APIConnectionPtr *e) : begin_(b), end_(e) {}
+    const APIConnectionPtr *begin() const { return this->begin_; }
+    const APIConnectionPtr *end() const { return this->end_; }
+  };
+  ActiveClientsView active_clients() const {
+    return {this->clients_.data(), this->clients_.data() + this->api_connection_count_};
+  }
+
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
   struct HomeAssistantStateSubscription {
     const char *entity_id;  // Pointer to flash (internal) or heap (external)
@@ -234,8 +252,8 @@ class APIServer final : public Component,
  protected:
   // Accept incoming socket connections. Only called when socket has pending connections.
   void __attribute__((noinline)) accept_new_connections_();
-  // Remove a disconnected client by index. Swaps with last element and pops.
-  void __attribute__((noinline)) remove_client_(size_t client_index);
+  // Remove a disconnected client by index. Swaps with the last populated slot and resets it.
+  void __attribute__((noinline)) remove_client_(uint8_t client_index);
 
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
   bool update_noise_psk_(const SavedNoisePsk &new_psk, const LogString *save_log_msg, const LogString *fail_log_msg,
@@ -273,8 +291,9 @@ class APIServer final : public Component,
   uint32_t reboot_timeout_{300000};
   uint32_t last_connected_{0};
 
+  // Slots [0, api_connection_count_) are populated; trailing slots are always nullptr.
+  std::array<std::unique_ptr<APIConnection>, MAX_API_CONNECTIONS> clients_{};
   // Vectors and strings (12 bytes each on 32-bit)
-  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<APIConnection>> clients_;
   // Shared proto write buffer for all connections.
   // Not pre-allocated: all send paths call prepare_first_message_buffer() which
   // reserves the exact needed size. Pre-allocating here would cause heap fragmentation
@@ -309,10 +328,10 @@ class APIServer final : public Component,
   uint16_t port_{6053};
   uint16_t batch_delay_{100};
   // Connection limits - these defaults will be overridden by config values
-  // from cv.SplitDefault in __init__.py which sets platform-specific defaults
+  // from cv.SplitDefault in __init__.py which sets platform-specific defaults.
   uint8_t listen_backlog_{4};
-  uint8_t max_connections_{8};
   bool shutting_down_ = false;
+  uint8_t api_connection_count_{0};
   // 7 bytes used, 1 byte padding
 
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE

esphome/components/api/client.py

@@ -93,7 +93,24 @@ async def async_run_logs(
                     config, raw_line, backtrace_state=backtrace_state
                 )
 
-    stop = await async_run(cli, on_log, name=name, subscribe_states=subscribe_states)
+    # Safe to fall back to plaintext here only for this diagnostics use
+    # case: the stream is one-way from device to client, and this code
+    # never accepts commands or acts on any message the device sends.
+    # An on-path attacker could still both inject fabricated log lines
+    # and passively read the device's log output (and any state data
+    # delivered when subscribe_states is enabled), so this does lose
+    # confidentiality as well as authentication/integrity. That tradeoff
+    # is acceptable for operator-visible logs, which aioesphomeapi also
+    # warns may come from an unverified device. Never mirror this opt-in
+    # for any connection that sends data to the device or uses Home
+    # Assistant actions.
+    stop = await async_run(
+        cli,
+        on_log,
+        name=name,
+        subscribe_states=subscribe_states,
+        allow_plaintext_fallback=True,
+    )
     try:
         await asyncio.Event().wait()
     finally:

esphome/components/api/list_entities.cpp

@@ -79,6 +79,9 @@ LIST_ENTITIES_HANDLER(water_heater, water_heater::WaterHeater, ListEntitiesWater
 #ifdef USE_INFRARED
 LIST_ENTITIES_HANDLER(infrared, infrared::Infrared, ListEntitiesInfraredResponse)
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_RADIO_FREQUENCY
+LIST_ENTITIES_HANDLER(radio_frequency, radio_frequency::RadioFrequency, ListEntitiesRadioFrequencyResponse)
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_EVENT
 LIST_ENTITIES_HANDLER(event, event::Event, ListEntitiesEventResponse)
 #endif

esphome/components/api/list_entities.h

@@ -87,6 +87,9 @@ class ListEntitiesIterator final : public ComponentIterator {
 #ifdef USE_INFRARED
   bool on_infrared(infrared::Infrared *entity) override;
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_RADIO_FREQUENCY
+  bool on_radio_frequency(radio_frequency::RadioFrequency *entity) override;
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_EVENT
   bool on_event(event::Event *entity) override;
 #endif

esphome/components/api/subscribe_state.h

@@ -82,6 +82,9 @@ class InitialStateIterator final : public ComponentIterator {
 #ifdef USE_INFRARED
   bool on_infrared(infrared::Infrared *infrared) override { return true; };
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_RADIO_FREQUENCY
+  bool on_radio_frequency(radio_frequency::RadioFrequency *radio_frequency) override { return true; };
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_EVENT
   bool on_event(event::Event *event) override { return true; };
 #endif

esphome/components/audio_http/audio_http_media_source.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+#include "audio_http_media_source.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+#include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
+#include <freertos/task.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+namespace esphome::audio_http {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "audio_http_media_source";
+
+// Decoder task / buffer tuning. Kept here as constants so the header stays free of magic numbers.
+static constexpr size_t DEFAULT_TRANSFER_BUFFER_SIZE = 8 * 1024;  // Staging buffer between HTTP reader and decoder
+static constexpr uint32_t HTTP_TIMEOUT_MS = 5000;                 // HTTP connect/read timeout
+static constexpr uint32_t AUDIO_WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS = 50;            // Max blocking time per on_audio_write() call
+static constexpr uint32_t READER_WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS = 50;           // Max blocking time when writing into the ring buffer
+static constexpr uint8_t READER_TASK_PRIORITY = 2;
+static constexpr uint8_t DECODER_TASK_PRIORITY = 2;
+static constexpr size_t READER_TASK_STACK_SIZE = 4096;
+static constexpr size_t DECODER_TASK_STACK_SIZE = 5120;
+static constexpr uint32_t PAUSE_POLL_DELAY_MS = 20;
+static constexpr const char *const HTTP_URI_PREFIX = "http://";
+static constexpr const char *const HTTPS_URI_PREFIX = "https://";
+
+void AudioHTTPMediaSource::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "Audio HTTP Media Source:\n"
+                "  Buffer Size: %zu bytes\n"
+                "  Decoder Task Stack in PSRAM: %s",
+                this->buffer_size_, YESNO(this->decoder_task_stack_in_psram_));
+}
+
+void AudioHTTPMediaSource::setup() {
+  this->disable_loop();
+
+  micro_decoder::DecoderConfig config;
+  config.ring_buffer_size = this->buffer_size_;
+  // Keep the transfer buffer smaller than the ring buffer so the reader can top up the ring
+  // while the decoder is still draining it, instead of oscillating between empty and full.
+  config.transfer_buffer_size = std::min(DEFAULT_TRANSFER_BUFFER_SIZE, this->buffer_size_ / 2);
+  config.http_timeout_ms = HTTP_TIMEOUT_MS;
+  config.audio_write_timeout_ms = AUDIO_WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS;
+  config.reader_write_timeout_ms = READER_WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS;
+  config.reader_priority = READER_TASK_PRIORITY;
+  config.decoder_priority = DECODER_TASK_PRIORITY;
+  config.reader_stack_size = READER_TASK_STACK_SIZE;
+  config.decoder_stack_size = DECODER_TASK_STACK_SIZE;
+  config.decoder_stack_in_psram = this->decoder_task_stack_in_psram_;
+
+  this->decoder_ = std::make_unique<micro_decoder::DecoderSource>(config);
+  if (this->decoder_ == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to allocate decoder");
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->decoder_->set_listener(this);  // We inherit from micro_decoder::DecoderListener
+}
+
+void AudioHTTPMediaSource::loop() { this->decoder_->loop(); }
+
+bool AudioHTTPMediaSource::can_handle(const std::string &uri) const {
+  return uri.starts_with(HTTP_URI_PREFIX) || uri.starts_with(HTTPS_URI_PREFIX);
+}
+
+// Called from the orchestrator's main loop, so no synchronization needed with loop()
+bool AudioHTTPMediaSource::play_uri(const std::string &uri) {
+  if (!this->is_ready() || this->is_failed() || this->status_has_error() || !this->has_listener()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Check if source is already playing
+  if (this->get_state() != media_source::MediaSourceState::IDLE) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Cannot play '%s': source is busy", uri.c_str());
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Validate URI starts with "http://" or "https://"
+  if (!uri.starts_with(HTTP_URI_PREFIX) && !uri.starts_with(HTTPS_URI_PREFIX)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid URI: '%s'", uri.c_str());
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (this->decoder_->play_url(uri)) {
+    this->pause_.store(false, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    this->enable_loop();
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to start playback of '%s'", uri.c_str());
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Called from the orchestrator's main loop, so no synchronization needed with loop()
+void AudioHTTPMediaSource::handle_command(media_source::MediaSourceCommand command) {
+  switch (command) {
+    case media_source::MediaSourceCommand::STOP:
+      this->decoder_->stop();
+      break;
+    case media_source::MediaSourceCommand::PAUSE:
+      // Only valid while actively playing; ignoring from IDLE/ERROR/PAUSED prevents the state
+      // machine from getting stuck in PAUSED when no playback is active (which would block the
+      // next play_uri() call via its IDLE-state precondition).
+      if (this->get_state() != media_source::MediaSourceState::PLAYING)
+        break;
+      // PAUSE does not stop the decoder task. Instead, on_audio_write() returns 0 and temporarily
+      // yields, which fills the ring buffer and applies back pressure that effectively pauses both
+      // the decoder and HTTP reader tasks.
+      this->set_state_(media_source::MediaSourceState::PAUSED);
+      this->pause_.store(true, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+      break;
+    case media_source::MediaSourceCommand::PLAY:
+      // Only resume from PAUSED; don't fabricate a PLAYING state from IDLE/ERROR.
+      if (this->get_state() != media_source::MediaSourceState::PAUSED)
+        break;
+      this->set_state_(media_source::MediaSourceState::PLAYING);
+      this->pause_.store(false, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+// Called from the decoder task. Forwards to the orchestrator's listener, which is responsible for
+// being thread-safe with respect to its own audio writer.
+size_t AudioHTTPMediaSource::on_audio_write(const uint8_t *data, size_t length, uint32_t timeout_ms) {
+  if (this->pause_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed)) {
+    vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(PAUSE_POLL_DELAY_MS));
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return this->write_output(data, length, timeout_ms, this->stream_info_);
+}
+
+// Called from the decoder task before the first on_audio_write().
+void AudioHTTPMediaSource::on_stream_info(const micro_decoder::AudioStreamInfo &info) {
+  this->stream_info_ = audio::AudioStreamInfo(info.get_bits_per_sample(), info.get_channels(), info.get_sample_rate());
+}
+
+// microDecoder invokes on_state_change() from inside decoder_->loop(), so this runs on the main
+// loop thread and it's safe to call set_state_() directly.
+void AudioHTTPMediaSource::on_state_change(micro_decoder::DecoderState state) {
+  switch (state) {
+    case micro_decoder::DecoderState::IDLE:
+      this->set_state_(media_source::MediaSourceState::IDLE);
+      this->disable_loop();
+      break;
+    case micro_decoder::DecoderState::PLAYING:
+      this->set_state_(media_source::MediaSourceState::PLAYING);
+      break;
+    case micro_decoder::DecoderState::FAILED:
+      this->set_state_(media_source::MediaSourceState::ERROR);
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::audio_http
+
+#endif  // USE_ESP32

esphome/components/audio_http/audio_http_media_source.h

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+
+#include "esphome/components/audio/audio.h"
+#include "esphome/components/media_source/media_source.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+
+#include <micro_decoder/decoder_source.h>
+#include <micro_decoder/types.h>
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace esphome::audio_http {
+
+// Inherits from two unrelated listener-style interfaces:
+//   - media_source::MediaSource: this source reports state and writes audio *to* an orchestrator
+//     (the orchestrator calls set_listener() on us with a MediaSourceListener*).
+//   - micro_decoder::DecoderListener: the underlying decoder calls back *into* us with decoded
+//     audio and state changes (we call decoder_->set_listener(this) in setup()).
+// The two set_listener() methods live on different base classes and serve opposite directions.
+class AudioHTTPMediaSource : public Component, public media_source::MediaSource, public micro_decoder::DecoderListener {
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  void loop() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+
+  void set_buffer_size(size_t buffer_size) { this->buffer_size_ = buffer_size; }
+  void set_task_stack_in_psram(bool task_stack_in_psram) { this->decoder_task_stack_in_psram_ = task_stack_in_psram; }
+
+  // MediaSource interface implementation
+  bool play_uri(const std::string &uri) override;
+  void handle_command(media_source::MediaSourceCommand command) override;
+  bool can_handle(const std::string &uri) const override;
+
+  // DecoderListener interface implementation
+  size_t on_audio_write(const uint8_t *data, size_t length, uint32_t timeout_ms) override;
+  void on_stream_info(const micro_decoder::AudioStreamInfo &info) override;
+  void on_state_change(micro_decoder::DecoderState state) override;
+
+ protected:
+  std::unique_ptr<micro_decoder::DecoderSource> decoder_;
+  audio::AudioStreamInfo stream_info_;
+
+  size_t buffer_size_{50000};
+
+  // Written from the main loop in handle_command(), read from the decoder task in
+  // on_audio_write(). Must be atomic to avoid a data race.
+  std::atomic<bool> pause_{false};
+  bool decoder_task_stack_in_psram_{false};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::audio_http
+
+#endif  // USE_ESP32

esphome/components/audio_http/media_source.py

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+from typing import Any
+
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import audio, esp32, media_source, psram
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_BUFFER_SIZE, CONF_ID, CONF_TASK_STACK_IN_PSRAM
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@kahrendt"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["audio"]
+
+audio_http_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("audio_http")
+AudioHTTPMediaSource = audio_http_ns.class_(
+    "AudioHTTPMediaSource", cg.Component, media_source.MediaSource
+)
+
+
+def _request_micro_decoder(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    audio.request_micro_decoder_support()
+    return config
+
+
+def _validate_task_stack_in_psram(value: Any) -> bool:
+    # Only require the psram component when actually enabling PSRAM stacks; validating
+    # the boolean first means `false` doesn't trigger the requires_component check.
+    if value := cv.boolean(value):
+        return cv.requires_component(psram.DOMAIN)(value)
+    return value
+
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    media_source.media_source_schema(
+        AudioHTTPMediaSource,
+    )
+    .extend(
+        {
+            cv.Optional(CONF_BUFFER_SIZE, default=50000): cv.int_range(
+                min=5000, max=1000000
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TASK_STACK_IN_PSRAM): _validate_task_stack_in_psram,
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
+    cv.only_on_esp32,
+    _request_micro_decoder,
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    await media_source.register_media_source(var, config)
+
+    if config.get(CONF_TASK_STACK_IN_PSRAM):
+        cg.add(var.set_task_stack_in_psram(True))
+        esp32.add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
+            "CONFIG_SPIRAM_ALLOW_STACK_EXTERNAL_MEMORY", True
+        )
+    cg.add(var.set_buffer_size(config[CONF_BUFFER_SIZE]))

esphome/components/bl0906/bl0906.cpp

@@ -20,58 +20,77 @@ constexpr uint8_t bl0906_checksum(const uint8_t address, const DataPacket *data)
 }
 
 void BL0906::loop() {
-  if (this->current_channel_ == UINT8_MAX) {
-    return;
-  }
-
   while (this->available())
     this->flush();
 
-  if (this->current_channel_ == 0) {
+  if (this->current_stage_ == STAGE_IDLE) {
+    // Woken up between cycles to drain the action queue. Go back to sleep.
+    this->handle_actions_();
+    this->disable_loop();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (this->current_stage_ == STAGE_TEMP) {
     // Temperature
     this->read_data_(BL0906_TEMPERATURE, BL0906_TREF, this->temperature_sensor_);
-  } else if (this->current_channel_ == 1) {
+  } else if (this->current_stage_ == STAGE_CHANNEL_1) {
     this->read_data_(BL0906_I_1_RMS, BL0906_IREF, this->current_1_sensor_);
     this->read_data_(BL0906_WATT_1, BL0906_PREF, this->power_1_sensor_);
     this->read_data_(BL0906_CF_1_CNT, BL0906_EREF, this->energy_1_sensor_);
-  } else if (this->current_channel_ == 2) {
+  } else if (this->current_stage_ == STAGE_CHANNEL_2) {
     this->read_data_(BL0906_I_2_RMS, BL0906_IREF, this->current_2_sensor_);
     this->read_data_(BL0906_WATT_2, BL0906_PREF, this->power_2_sensor_);
     this->read_data_(BL0906_CF_2_CNT, BL0906_EREF, this->energy_2_sensor_);
-  } else if (this->current_channel_ == 3) {
+  } else if (this->current_stage_ == STAGE_CHANNEL_3) {
     this->read_data_(BL0906_I_3_RMS, BL0906_IREF, this->current_3_sensor_);
     this->read_data_(BL0906_WATT_3, BL0906_PREF, this->power_3_sensor_);
     this->read_data_(BL0906_CF_3_CNT, BL0906_EREF, this->energy_3_sensor_);
-  } else if (this->current_channel_ == 4) {
+  } else if (this->current_stage_ == STAGE_CHANNEL_4) {
     this->read_data_(BL0906_I_4_RMS, BL0906_IREF, this->current_4_sensor_);
     this->read_data_(BL0906_WATT_4, BL0906_PREF, this->power_4_sensor_);
     this->read_data_(BL0906_CF_4_CNT, BL0906_EREF, this->energy_4_sensor_);
-  } else if (this->current_channel_ == 5) {
+  } else if (this->current_stage_ == STAGE_CHANNEL_5) {
     this->read_data_(BL0906_I_5_RMS, BL0906_IREF, this->current_5_sensor_);
     this->read_data_(BL0906_WATT_5, BL0906_PREF, this->power_5_sensor_);
     this->read_data_(BL0906_CF_5_CNT, BL0906_EREF, this->energy_5_sensor_);
-  } else if (this->current_channel_ == 6) {
+  } else if (this->current_stage_ == STAGE_CHANNEL_6) {
     this->read_data_(BL0906_I_6_RMS, BL0906_IREF, this->current_6_sensor_);
     this->read_data_(BL0906_WATT_6, BL0906_PREF, this->power_6_sensor_);
     this->read_data_(BL0906_CF_6_CNT, BL0906_EREF, this->energy_6_sensor_);
-  } else if (this->current_channel_ == UINT8_MAX - 2) {
+  } else if (this->current_stage_ == STAGE_FREQ) {
     // Frequency
-    this->read_data_(BL0906_FREQUENCY, BL0906_FREF, frequency_sensor_);
+    this->read_data_(BL0906_FREQUENCY, BL0906_FREF, this->frequency_sensor_);
     // Voltage
-    this->read_data_(BL0906_V_RMS, BL0906_UREF, voltage_sensor_);
-  } else if (this->current_channel_ == UINT8_MAX - 1) {
+    this->read_data_(BL0906_V_RMS, BL0906_UREF, this->voltage_sensor_);
+  } else if (this->current_stage_ == STAGE_POWER) {
     // Total power
     this->read_data_(BL0906_WATT_SUM, BL0906_WATT, this->total_power_sensor_);
     // Total Energy
     this->read_data_(BL0906_CF_SUM_CNT, BL0906_CF, this->total_energy_sensor_);
-  } else {
-    this->current_channel_ = UINT8_MAX - 2;  // Go to frequency and voltage
-    return;
   }
-  this->current_channel_++;
+  this->advance_stage_();
   this->handle_actions_();
 }
 
+void BL0906::advance_stage_() {
+  switch (this->current_stage_) {
+    case STAGE_CHANNEL_6:
+      this->current_stage_ = STAGE_FREQ;
+      break;
+    case STAGE_FREQ:
+      this->current_stage_ = STAGE_POWER;
+      break;
+    case STAGE_POWER:
+      // Cycle complete; sleep until the next update().
+      this->current_stage_ = STAGE_IDLE;
+      this->disable_loop();
+      break;
+    default:
+      this->current_stage_ = static_cast<BL0906Stage>(this->current_stage_ + 1);
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
 void BL0906::setup() {
   while (this->available())
     this->flush();
@@ -85,12 +104,20 @@ void BL0906::setup() {
   this->bias_correction_(BL0906_RMSOS_6, 0.01200, 0);  // Calibration current_6
 
   this->write_array(USR_WRPROT_ONLYREAD, sizeof(USR_WRPROT_ONLYREAD));
+
+  // Loop stays idle until the first update() or enqueued action.
+  this->disable_loop();
 }
 
-void BL0906::update() { this->current_channel_ = 0; }
+void BL0906::update() {
+  this->current_stage_ = STAGE_TEMP;
+  this->enable_loop();
+}
 
 size_t BL0906::enqueue_action_(ActionCallbackFuncPtr function) {
   this->action_queue_.push_back(function);
+  // Ensure the queue is serviced even if the read cycle has already completed.
+  this->enable_loop();
   return this->action_queue_.size();
 }
 

esphome/components/bl0906/bl0906.h

@@ -12,6 +12,22 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace bl0906 {
 
+// Stage values for the read state machine. After STAGE_CHANNEL_6 the state machine
+// jumps to the two sentinel stages below, then to STAGE_IDLE which marks the cycle
+// as complete and disables the loop.
+enum BL0906Stage : uint8_t {
+  STAGE_TEMP = 0,       // chip temperature
+  STAGE_CHANNEL_1 = 1,  // per-phase current + power + energy
+  STAGE_CHANNEL_2 = 2,
+  STAGE_CHANNEL_3 = 3,
+  STAGE_CHANNEL_4 = 4,
+  STAGE_CHANNEL_5 = 5,
+  STAGE_CHANNEL_6 = 6,
+  STAGE_FREQ = UINT8_MAX - 2,   // frequency + voltage
+  STAGE_POWER = UINT8_MAX - 1,  // total power + total energy
+  STAGE_IDLE = UINT8_MAX,       // cycle complete
+};
+
 struct DataPacket {  // NOLINT(altera-struct-pack-align)
   uint8_t l{0};
   uint8_t m{0};
@@ -79,7 +95,8 @@ class BL0906 : public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDevice {
 
   void bias_correction_(uint8_t address, float measurements, float correction);
 
-  uint8_t current_channel_{0};
+  BL0906Stage current_stage_{STAGE_IDLE};
+  void advance_stage_();
   size_t enqueue_action_(ActionCallbackFuncPtr function);
   void handle_actions_();
 

esphome/components/bme680_bsec/__init__.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_SAMPLE_RATE, CONF_TEMPERATURE_OFFSET, Fr
 CODEOWNERS = ["@trvrnrth"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["sensor", "text_sensor"]
+CONFLICTS_WITH = ["bme68x_bsec2"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
 
 CONF_BME680_BSEC_ID = "bme680_bsec_id"

esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/__init__.py

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@neffs", "@kbx81"]
+CONFLICTS_WITH = ["bme680_bsec"]
 
 DOMAIN = "bme68x_bsec2"
 

esphome/components/cse7761/cse7761.cpp

@@ -204,24 +204,27 @@ void CSE7761Component::get_data_() {
   value = this->read_(CSE7761_REG_RMSIA, 3);
   this->data_.current_rms[0] = ((value >= 0x800000) || (value < 1600)) ? 0 : value;  // No load threshold of 10mA
   value = this->read_(CSE7761_REG_POWERPA, 4);
-  this->data_.active_power[0] = (0 == this->data_.current_rms[0]) ? 0 : ((uint32_t) abs((int) value));
+  // PowerPA is two's complement signed 32-bit per datasheet
+  this->data_.active_power[0] = (0 == this->data_.current_rms[0]) ? 0 : static_cast<int32_t>(value);
 
   value = this->read_(CSE7761_REG_RMSIB, 3);
   this->data_.current_rms[1] = ((value >= 0x800000) || (value < 1600)) ? 0 : value;  // No load threshold of 10mA
   value = this->read_(CSE7761_REG_POWERPB, 4);
-  this->data_.active_power[1] = (0 == this->data_.current_rms[1]) ? 0 : ((uint32_t) abs((int) value));
+  // PowerPB is two's complement signed 32-bit per datasheet
+  this->data_.active_power[1] = (0 == this->data_.current_rms[1]) ? 0 : static_cast<int32_t>(value);
 
   // convert values and publish to sensors
 
-  float voltage = (float) this->data_.voltage_rms / this->coefficient_by_unit_(RMS_UC);
+  float voltage = static_cast<float>(this->data_.voltage_rms) / this->coefficient_by_unit_(RMS_UC);
   if (this->voltage_sensor_ != nullptr) {
     this->voltage_sensor_->publish_state(voltage);
   }
 
   for (uint8_t channel = 0; channel < 2; channel++) {
     // Active power = PowerPA * PowerPAC * 1000 / 0x80000000
-    float active_power = (float) this->data_.active_power[channel] / this->coefficient_by_unit_(POWER_PAC);  // W
-    float amps = (float) this->data_.current_rms[channel] / this->coefficient_by_unit_(RMS_IAC);             // A
+    float active_power =
+        static_cast<float>(this->data_.active_power[channel]) / this->coefficient_by_unit_(POWER_PAC);        // W
+    float amps = static_cast<float>(this->data_.current_rms[channel]) / this->coefficient_by_unit_(RMS_IAC);  // A
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Channel %d power %f W, current %f A", channel + 1, active_power, amps);
     if (channel == 0) {
       if (this->power_sensor_1_ != nullptr) {

esphome/components/cse7761/cse7761.h

@@ -11,10 +11,8 @@ struct CSE7761DataStruct {
   uint32_t frequency = 0;
   uint32_t voltage_rms = 0;
   uint32_t current_rms[2] = {0};
-  uint32_t energy[2] = {0};
-  uint32_t active_power[2] = {0};
+  int32_t active_power[2] = {0};
   uint16_t coefficient[8] = {0};
-  uint8_t energy_update = 0;
   bool ready = false;
 };
 

esphome/components/debug/debug_component.cpp

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ void DebugComponent::dump_config() {
 
   char device_info_buffer[DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE];
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "ESPHome version %s", ESPHOME_VERSION);
-  size_t pos = buf_append_printf(device_info_buffer, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE, 0, "%s", ESPHOME_VERSION);
+  size_t pos = buf_append_str(device_info_buffer, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE, 0, ESPHOME_VERSION);
 
   this->free_heap_ = get_free_heap_();
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Free Heap Size: %" PRIu32 " bytes", this->free_heap_);

esphome/components/debug/debug_esp32.cpp

@@ -224,17 +224,21 @@ size_t DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::span<char, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE>
   const char *model = ESPHOME_VARIANT;
 
   // Build features string
-  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Chip: %s Features:", model);
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "|Chip: ");
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, model);
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, " Features:");
   bool first_feature = true;
   for (const auto &feature : CHIP_FEATURES) {
     if (info.features & feature.bit) {
-      pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "%s%s", first_feature ? "" : ", ", feature.name);
+      pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, first_feature ? "" : ", ");
+      pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, feature.name);
       first_feature = false;
       info.features &= ~feature.bit;
     }
   }
   if (info.features != 0) {
-    pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "%sOther:0x%" PRIx32, first_feature ? "" : ", ", info.features);
+    pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, first_feature ? "" : ", ");
+    pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "Other:0x%" PRIx32, info.features);
   }
   pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, " Cores:%u Revision:%u", info.cores, info.revision);
 
@@ -267,17 +271,20 @@ size_t DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::span<char, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE>
   // Framework detection
 #ifdef USE_ARDUINO
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Framework: Arduino");
-  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Framework: Arduino");
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "|Framework: Arduino");
 #else
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Framework: ESP-IDF");
-  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Framework: ESP-IDF");
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "|Framework: ESP-IDF");
 #endif
 
-  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|ESP-IDF: %s", esp_get_idf_version());
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "|ESP-IDF: ");
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, esp_get_idf_version());
   pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|EFuse MAC: %02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X", mac[0], mac[1], mac[2], mac[3],
                           mac[4], mac[5]);
-  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Reset: %s", reset_reason);
-  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Wakeup: %s", wakeup_cause);
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "|Reset: ");
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, reset_reason);
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "|Wakeup: ");
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, wakeup_cause);
 
   return pos;
 }

esphome/components/debug/debug_libretiny.cpp

@@ -38,9 +38,12 @@ size_t DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::span<char, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE>
            lt_get_version(), lt_cpu_get_model_name(), lt_cpu_get_model(), lt_cpu_get_freq_mhz(), mac_id,
            lt_get_board_code(), flash_kib, ram_kib, reset_reason);
 
-  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Version: %s", LT_BANNER_STR + 10);
-  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Reset Reason: %s", reset_reason);
-  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Chip Name: %s", lt_cpu_get_model_name());
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "|Version: ");
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, LT_BANNER_STR + 10);
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "|Reset Reason: ");
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, reset_reason);
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "|Chip Name: ");
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, lt_cpu_get_model_name());
   pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Chip ID: 0x%06" PRIX32, mac_id);
   pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Flash: %" PRIu32 " KiB", flash_kib);
   pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|RAM: %" PRIu32 " KiB", ram_kib);

esphome/components/debug/debug_zephyr.cpp

@@ -162,14 +162,18 @@ size_t DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::span<char, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE>
   const char *supply_status =
       (nrf_power_mainregstatus_get(NRF_POWER) == NRF_POWER_MAINREGSTATUS_NORMAL) ? "Normal voltage." : "High voltage.";
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Main supply status: %s", supply_status);
-  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Main supply status: %s", supply_status);
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "|Main supply status: ");
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, supply_status);
 
   // Regulator stage 0
   if (nrf_power_mainregstatus_get(NRF_POWER) == NRF_POWER_MAINREGSTATUS_HIGH) {
     const char *reg0_type = nrf_power_dcdcen_vddh_get(NRF_POWER) ? "DC/DC" : "LDO";
     const char *reg0_voltage = regout0_to_str((NRF_UICR->REGOUT0 & UICR_REGOUT0_VOUT_Msk) >> UICR_REGOUT0_VOUT_Pos);
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Regulator stage 0: %s, %s", reg0_type, reg0_voltage);
-    pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Regulator stage 0: %s, %s", reg0_type, reg0_voltage);
+    pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "|Regulator stage 0: ");
+    pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, reg0_type);
+    pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, ", ");
+    pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, reg0_voltage);
 #ifdef USE_NRF52_REG0_VOUT
     if ((NRF_UICR->REGOUT0 & UICR_REGOUT0_VOUT_Msk) >> UICR_REGOUT0_VOUT_Pos != USE_NRF52_REG0_VOUT) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Regulator stage 0: expected %s", regout0_to_str(USE_NRF52_REG0_VOUT));
@@ -177,13 +181,14 @@ size_t DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::span<char, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE>
 #endif
   } else {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Regulator stage 0: disabled");
-    pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Regulator stage 0: disabled");
+    pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "|Regulator stage 0: disabled");
   }
 
   // Regulator stage 1
   const char *reg1_type = nrf_power_dcdcen_get(NRF_POWER) ? "DC/DC" : "LDO";
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Regulator stage 1: %s", reg1_type);
-  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Regulator stage 1: %s", reg1_type);
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "|Regulator stage 1: ");
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, reg1_type);
 
   // USB power state
   const char *usb_state;
@@ -197,7 +202,8 @@ size_t DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::span<char, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE>
     usb_state = "disconnected";
   }
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "USB power state: %s", usb_state);
-  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|USB power state: %s", usb_state);
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "|USB power state: ");
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, usb_state);
 
   // Power-fail comparator
   bool enabled;
@@ -302,14 +308,18 @@ size_t DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::span<char, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE>
           break;
       }
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Power-fail comparator: %s, VDDH: %s", pof_voltage, vddh_voltage);
-      pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Power-fail comparator: %s, VDDH: %s", pof_voltage, vddh_voltage);
+      pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "|Power-fail comparator: ");
+      pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, pof_voltage);
+      pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, ", VDDH: ");
+      pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, vddh_voltage);
     } else {
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Power-fail comparator: %s", pof_voltage);
-      pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Power-fail comparator: %s", pof_voltage);
+      pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "|Power-fail comparator: ");
+      pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, pof_voltage);
     }
   } else {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Power-fail comparator: disabled");
-    pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Power-fail comparator: disabled");
+    pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "|Power-fail comparator: disabled");
   }
 
   auto package = [](uint32_t value) {

esphome/components/deep_sleep/__init__.py

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ from esphome.components.esp32 import (
     VARIANT_ESP32S3,
     get_esp32_variant,
 )
+from esphome.components.zephyr import zephyr_add_prj_conf
 from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_platform
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PLATFORM_BK72XX,
     PLATFORM_ESP32,
     PLATFORM_ESP8266,
+    PLATFORM_NRF52,
     PlatformFramework,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
@@ -304,7 +306,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             ),
         }
     ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
-    cv.only_on([PLATFORM_ESP32, PLATFORM_ESP8266, PLATFORM_BK72XX]),
+    cv.only_on([PLATFORM_ESP32, PLATFORM_ESP8266, PLATFORM_BK72XX, PLATFORM_NRF52]),
     validate_config,
 )
 
@@ -369,6 +371,8 @@ async def to_code(config):
 
     if CONF_TOUCH_WAKEUP in config:
         cg.add(var.set_touch_wakeup(config[CONF_TOUCH_WAKEUP]))
+    if CORE.using_zephyr and "zigbee" not in CORE.loaded_integrations:
+        zephyr_add_prj_conf("POWEROFF", True)
 
     cg.add_define("USE_DEEP_SLEEP")
 
@@ -413,7 +417,7 @@ async def deep_sleep_enter_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
     if CONF_SLEEP_DURATION in config:
-        template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_SLEEP_DURATION], args, cg.int32)
+        template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_SLEEP_DURATION], args, cg.uint32)
         cg.add(var.set_sleep_duration(template_))
 
     if CONF_UNTIL in config:

esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_bk72xx.cpp

@@ -59,6 +59,8 @@ void DeepSleepComponent::deep_sleep_() {
   lt_deep_sleep_enter();
 }
 
+bool DeepSleepComponent::should_teardown_() { return true; }
+
 }  // namespace esphome::deep_sleep
 
 #endif  // USE_BK72XX

esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_component.cpp

@@ -9,11 +9,22 @@ static const char *const TAG = "deep_sleep";
 // 5 seconds for deep sleep to ensure clean disconnect from Home Assistant
 static const uint32_t TEARDOWN_TIMEOUT_DEEP_SLEEP_MS = 5000;
 
-bool global_has_deep_sleep = false;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+bool global_has_deep_sleep = false;                   // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+std::atomic<DeepSleepComponent *> global_deep_sleep;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
 void DeepSleepComponent::setup() {
+#ifdef USE_ZEPHYR
+  k_sem_init(&this->wakeup_sem_, 0, 1);
+#endif
   global_has_deep_sleep = true;
+  this->schedule_sleep_();
+  // It can be used from another thread for waking up the device.
+  // It should be called as last item in setup.
+  global_deep_sleep.store(this);
+}
 
+void DeepSleepComponent::schedule_sleep_() {
+  this->next_enter_deep_sleep_ = false;
   const optional<uint32_t> run_duration = get_run_duration_();
   if (run_duration.has_value()) {
     ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Scheduling in %" PRIu32 " ms", *run_duration);
@@ -58,13 +69,17 @@ void DeepSleepComponent::begin_sleep(bool manual) {
   if (this->sleep_duration_.has_value()) {
     ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Sleeping for %" PRId64 "us", *this->sleep_duration_);
   }
-  App.run_safe_shutdown_hooks();
-  // It's critical to teardown components cleanly for deep sleep to ensure
-  // Home Assistant sees a clean disconnect instead of marking the device unavailable
-  App.teardown_components(TEARDOWN_TIMEOUT_DEEP_SLEEP_MS);
-  App.run_powerdown_hooks();
+
+  if (this->should_teardown_()) {
+    App.run_safe_shutdown_hooks();
+    // It's critical to teardown components cleanly for deep sleep to ensure
+    // Home Assistant sees a clean disconnect instead of marking the device unavailable
+    App.teardown_components(TEARDOWN_TIMEOUT_DEEP_SLEEP_MS);
+    App.run_powerdown_hooks();
+  }
 
   this->deep_sleep_();
+  this->schedule_sleep_();
 }
 
 float DeepSleepComponent::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::LATE; }

esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_component.h

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include <atomic>
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 #include <esp_sleep.h>
@@ -14,6 +15,10 @@
 #include "esphome/core/time.h"
 #endif
 
+#ifdef USE_ZEPHYR
+#include <zephyr/kernel.h>
+#endif
+
 #include <cinttypes>
 
 namespace esphome {
@@ -120,6 +125,9 @@ class DeepSleepComponent : public Component {
 
   void prevent_deep_sleep();
   void allow_deep_sleep();
+#ifdef USE_ZEPHYR
+  void wakeup();
+#endif
 
  protected:
   // Returns nullopt if no run duration is set. Otherwise, returns the run
@@ -129,6 +137,8 @@ class DeepSleepComponent : public Component {
   void dump_config_platform_();
   bool prepare_to_sleep_();
   void deep_sleep_();
+  void schedule_sleep_();
+  bool should_teardown_();
 
 #ifdef USE_BK72XX
   bool pin_prevents_sleep_(WakeUpPinItem &pinItem) const;
@@ -157,6 +167,9 @@ class DeepSleepComponent : public Component {
   optional<uint32_t> run_duration_;
   bool next_enter_deep_sleep_{false};
   bool prevent_{false};
+#ifdef USE_ZEPHYR
+  k_sem wakeup_sem_;
+#endif
 };
 
 extern bool global_has_deep_sleep;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
@@ -243,5 +256,8 @@ template<typename... Ts> class AllowDeepSleepAction : public Action<Ts...>, publ
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->allow_deep_sleep(); }
 };
 
+extern std::atomic<DeepSleepComponent *>
+    global_deep_sleep;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+
 }  // namespace deep_sleep
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_esp32.cpp

@@ -165,6 +165,8 @@ void DeepSleepComponent::deep_sleep_() {
   esp_deep_sleep_start();
 }
 
+bool DeepSleepComponent::should_teardown_() { return true; }
+
 }  // namespace deep_sleep
 }  // namespace esphome
 #endif  // USE_ESP32

esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_esp8266.cpp

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ void DeepSleepComponent::deep_sleep_() {
   ESP.deepSleep(this->sleep_duration_.value_or(0));  // NOLINT(readability-static-accessed-through-instance)
 }
 
+bool DeepSleepComponent::should_teardown_() { return true; }
+
 }  // namespace deep_sleep
 }  // namespace esphome
 #endif

esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_zephyr.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#include "deep_sleep_component.h"
+#ifdef USE_ZEPHYR
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include <zephyr/sys/poweroff.h>
+#include <zephyr/kernel.h>
+#include <zephyr/stats/stats.h>
+#include <zephyr/pm/pm.h>
+
+namespace esphome::deep_sleep {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "deep_sleep";
+
+void DeepSleepComponent::wakeup() { k_sem_give(&this->wakeup_sem_); }
+
+optional<uint32_t> DeepSleepComponent::get_run_duration_() const { return this->run_duration_; }
+
+void DeepSleepComponent::dump_config_platform_() {}
+
+bool DeepSleepComponent::prepare_to_sleep_() { return true; }
+
+void DeepSleepComponent::deep_sleep_() {
+  k_timeout_t sleep_duration = K_FOREVER;
+  if (this->sleep_duration_.has_value()) {
+    sleep_duration = K_USEC(*this->sleep_duration_);
+  } else {
+#ifndef USE_ZIGBEE
+    // the device can be woken up through one of the following signals:
+    // - The DETECT signal, optionally generated by the GPIO peripheral.
+    // - The ANADETECT signal, optionally generated by the LPCOMP module.
+    // - The SENSE signal, optionally generated by the NFC module to wake-on-field.
+    // - Detecting a valid USB voltage on the VBUS pin (VBUS,DETECT).
+    // - A reset.
+    //
+    // The system is reset when it wakes up from System OFF mode.
+    sys_poweroff();
+#endif
+  }
+  // It might wake up immediately if k_sem_give was called again after wake up
+  int ret = k_sem_take(&this->wakeup_sem_, sleep_duration);
+  if (ret == 0) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Woken up by another thread");
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Timeout expired (normal sleep)");
+  }
+}
+
+bool DeepSleepComponent::should_teardown_() {
+  if (this->sleep_duration_.has_value()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+#ifdef USE_ZIGBEE
+  return false;
+#else
+  return true;
+#endif
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::deep_sleep
+
+#endif

esphome/components/dsmr/__init__.py

@@ -1,8 +1,19 @@
+import logging
+
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_RECEIVE_TIMEOUT, CONF_UART_ID
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_RECEIVE_TIMEOUT,
+    CONF_RX_BUFFER_SIZE,
+    CONF_UART_ID,
+)
+import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@glmnet", "@PolarGoose"]
 
@@ -21,8 +32,7 @@ CONF_MAX_TELEGRAM_LENGTH = "max_telegram_length"
 CONF_REQUEST_INTERVAL = "request_interval"
 CONF_REQUEST_PIN = "request_pin"
 
-# Hack to prevent compile error due to ambiguity with lib namespace
-dsmr_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("esphome::dsmr")
+dsmr_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("dsmr")
 Dsmr = dsmr_ns.class_("Dsmr", cg.Component, uart.UARTDevice)
 
 
@@ -54,24 +64,47 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 async def to_code(config):
     uart_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_UART_ID])
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], uart_component, config[CONF_CRC_CHECK])
-    cg.add(var.set_max_telegram_length(config[CONF_MAX_TELEGRAM_LENGTH]))
-    if CONF_DECRYPTION_KEY in config:
-        cg.add(var.set_decryption_key(config[CONF_DECRYPTION_KEY]))
-    await cg.register_component(var, config)
-
     if CONF_REQUEST_PIN in config:
         request_pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_REQUEST_PIN])
-        cg.add(var.set_request_pin(request_pin))
-    cg.add(var.set_request_interval(config[CONF_REQUEST_INTERVAL].total_milliseconds))
-    cg.add(var.set_receive_timeout(config[CONF_RECEIVE_TIMEOUT].total_milliseconds))
+    else:
+        request_pin = cg.nullptr
+    decryption_key = config.get(CONF_DECRYPTION_KEY)
+    if decryption_key is None:
+        decryption_key = cg.nullptr
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(
+        config[CONF_ID],
+        uart_component,
+        config[CONF_CRC_CHECK],
+        config[CONF_MAX_TELEGRAM_LENGTH],
+        config[CONF_REQUEST_INTERVAL].total_milliseconds,
+        config[CONF_RECEIVE_TIMEOUT].total_milliseconds,
+        request_pin,
+        decryption_key,
+    )
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
     cg.add_build_flag("-DDSMR_GAS_MBUS_ID=" + str(config[CONF_GAS_MBUS_ID]))
     cg.add_build_flag("-DDSMR_WATER_MBUS_ID=" + str(config[CONF_WATER_MBUS_ID]))
     cg.add_build_flag("-DDSMR_THERMAL_MBUS_ID=" + str(config[CONF_THERMAL_MBUS_ID]))
 
-    # DSMR Parser
-    cg.add_library("esphome/dsmr_parser", "1.1.0")
+    cg.add_library("esphome/dsmr_parser", "1.4.0")
 
-    # Crypto
-    cg.add_library("polargoose/Crypto-no-arduino", "0.4.0")
+
+def final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    full_config = fv.full_config.get()
+
+    for uart_conf in full_config["uart"]:
+        if uart_conf[CONF_ID] == config[CONF_UART_ID]:
+            rx_buffer_size = uart_conf[CONF_RX_BUFFER_SIZE]
+            if rx_buffer_size < 1500:
+                _LOGGER.warning(
+                    "UART '%s' rx_buffer_size should be bigger than 1500 bytes to avoid packet losses (currently %d bytes).",
+                    config[CONF_UART_ID],
+                    rx_buffer_size,
+                )
+            break
+
+    return config
+
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = final_validate

esphome/components/dsmr/dsmr.cpp

@@ -1,315 +1,183 @@
-#include "dsmr.h"
-#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
-#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+// Ignore Zephyr. It doesn't have any encryption library.
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_ARDUINO) || defined(USE_HOST)
 
-#include <AES.h>
-#include <Crypto.h>
-#include <GCM.h>
+#include "dsmr.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include <dsmr_parser/util.h>
 
 namespace esphome::dsmr {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "dsmr";
+static constexpr auto &TAG = "dsmr";
+
+static void log_callback(dsmr_parser::LogLevel level, const char *fmt, va_list args) {
+  std::array<char, 256> buf;
+  vsnprintf(buf.data(), buf.size(), fmt, args);
+  switch (level) {
+    case dsmr_parser::LogLevel::ERROR:
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "%s", buf.data());
+      break;
+    case dsmr_parser::LogLevel::WARNING:
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s", buf.data());
+      break;
+    case dsmr_parser::LogLevel::INFO:
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "%s", buf.data());
+      break;
+    case dsmr_parser::LogLevel::VERBOSE:
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "%s", buf.data());
+      break;
+    case dsmr_parser::LogLevel::VERY_VERBOSE:
+      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s", buf.data());
+      break;
+    case dsmr_parser::LogLevel::DEBUG:
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s", buf.data());
+      break;
+  }
+}
 
 void Dsmr::setup() {
-  this->telegram_ = new char[this->max_telegram_len_];  // NOLINT
+  dsmr_parser::Logger::set_log_function(log_callback);
   if (this->request_pin_ != nullptr) {
     this->request_pin_->setup();
   }
 }
 
 void Dsmr::loop() {
-  if (this->ready_to_request_data_()) {
-    if (this->decryption_key_.empty()) {
-      this->receive_telegram_();
-    } else {
-      this->receive_encrypted_telegram_();
-    }
+  if (!this->ready_to_request_data_()) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (this->encryption_enabled_) {
+    this->receive_encrypted_telegram_();
+  } else {
+    this->receive_telegram_();
   }
 }
 
 bool Dsmr::ready_to_request_data_() {
-  // When using a request pin, then wait for the next request interval.
-  if (this->request_pin_ != nullptr) {
-    if (!this->requesting_data_ && this->request_interval_reached_()) {
-      this->start_requesting_data_();
-    }
-  }
-  // Otherwise, sink serial data until next request interval.
-  else {
-    if (this->request_interval_reached_()) {
-      this->start_requesting_data_();
-    }
-    if (!this->requesting_data_) {
-      this->drain_rx_buffer_();
-    }
+  if (!this->requesting_data_ && this->request_interval_reached_()) {
+    this->start_requesting_data_();
   }
   return this->requesting_data_;
 }
 
-bool Dsmr::request_interval_reached_() {
+bool Dsmr::request_interval_reached_() const {
   if (this->last_request_time_ == 0) {
     return true;
   }
   return millis() - this->last_request_time_ > this->request_interval_;
 }
 
-bool Dsmr::receive_timeout_reached_() { return millis() - this->last_read_time_ > this->receive_timeout_; }
-
-bool Dsmr::available_within_timeout_() {
-  // Data are available for reading on the UART bus?
-  // Then we can start reading right away.
-  if (this->available()) {
-    this->last_read_time_ = millis();
-    return true;
-  }
-  // When we're not in the process of reading a telegram, then there is
-  // no need to actively wait for new data to come in.
-  if (!header_found_) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  // A telegram is being read. The smart meter might not deliver a telegram
-  // in one go, but instead send it in chunks with small pauses in between.
-  // When the UART RX buffer cannot hold a full telegram, then make sure
-  // that the UART read buffer does not overflow while other components
-  // perform their work in their loop. Do this by not returning control to
-  // the main loop, until the read timeout is reached.
-  if (this->parent_->get_rx_buffer_size() < this->max_telegram_len_) {
-    while (!this->receive_timeout_reached_()) {
-      delay(5);
-      if (this->available()) {
-        this->last_read_time_ = millis();
-        return true;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  // No new data has come in during the read timeout? Then stop reading the
-  // telegram and start waiting for the next one to arrive.
-  if (this->receive_timeout_reached_()) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Timeout while reading data for telegram");
-    this->reset_telegram_();
-  }
-
-  return false;
-}
-
 void Dsmr::start_requesting_data_() {
-  if (!this->requesting_data_) {
-    if (this->request_pin_ != nullptr) {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Start requesting data from P1 port");
-      this->request_pin_->digital_write(true);
-    } else {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Start reading data from P1 port");
-    }
-    this->requesting_data_ = true;
-    this->last_request_time_ = millis();
+  if (this->requesting_data_) {
+    return;
   }
+
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Start reading data from P1 port");
+  this->flush_rx_buffer_();
+
+  if (this->request_pin_ != nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Set request pin to 1");
+    this->request_pin_->digital_write(true);
+  }
+
+  this->requesting_data_ = true;
+  this->last_request_time_ = millis();
 }
 
 void Dsmr::stop_requesting_data_() {
-  if (this->requesting_data_) {
-    if (this->request_pin_ != nullptr) {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Stop requesting data from P1 port");
-      this->request_pin_->digital_write(false);
-    } else {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Stop reading data from P1 port");
-    }
-    this->drain_rx_buffer_();
-    this->requesting_data_ = false;
+  if (!this->requesting_data_) {
+    return;
   }
+
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Stop reading data from P1 port");
+  if (this->request_pin_ != nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Set request pin to 0");
+    this->request_pin_->digital_write(false);
+  }
+  this->requesting_data_ = false;
 }
 
-void Dsmr::drain_rx_buffer_() {
-  uint8_t buf[64];
-  size_t avail;
-  while ((avail = this->available()) > 0) {
-    if (!this->read_array(buf, std::min(avail, sizeof(buf)))) {
-      break;
-    }
+void Dsmr::flush_rx_buffer_() {
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Flush UART RX buffer");
+  while (!this->uart_read_chunk_().empty()) {
   }
 }
 
-void Dsmr::reset_telegram_() {
-  this->header_found_ = false;
-  this->footer_found_ = false;
-  this->bytes_read_ = 0;
-  this->crypt_bytes_read_ = 0;
-  this->crypt_telegram_len_ = 0;
-}
-
 void Dsmr::receive_telegram_() {
-  while (this->available_within_timeout_()) {
-    // Read all available bytes in batches to reduce UART call overhead.
-    uint8_t buf[64];
-    size_t avail = this->available();
-    while (avail > 0) {
-      size_t to_read = std::min(avail, sizeof(buf));
-      if (!this->read_array(buf, to_read))
+  for (auto data = this->uart_read_chunk_(); !data.empty(); data = this->uart_read_chunk_()) {
+    for (uint8_t byte : data) {
+      const auto telegram = this->packet_accumulator_.process_byte(byte);
+      if (!telegram) {  // No full packet received yet
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (this->parse_telegram_(telegram.value())) {
         return;
-      avail -= to_read;
-
-      for (size_t i = 0; i < to_read; i++) {
-        const char c = static_cast<char>(buf[i]);
-
-        // Find a new telegram header, i.e. forward slash.
-        if (c == '/') {
-          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Header of telegram found");
-          this->reset_telegram_();
-          this->header_found_ = true;
-        }
-        if (!this->header_found_)
-          continue;
-
-        // Check for buffer overflow.
-        if (this->bytes_read_ >= this->max_telegram_len_) {
-          this->reset_telegram_();
-          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error: telegram larger than buffer (%d bytes)", this->max_telegram_len_);
-          return;
-        }
-
-        // Some v2.2 or v3 meters will send a new value which starts with '('
-        // in a new line, while the value belongs to the previous ObisId. For
-        // proper parsing, remove these new line characters.
-        if (c == '(') {
-          while (true) {
-            auto previous_char = this->telegram_[this->bytes_read_ - 1];
-            if (previous_char == '\n' || previous_char == '\r') {
-              this->bytes_read_--;
-            } else {
-              break;
-            }
-          }
-        }
-
-        // Store the byte in the buffer.
-        this->telegram_[this->bytes_read_] = c;
-        this->bytes_read_++;
-
-        // Check for a footer, i.e. exclamation mark, followed by a hex checksum.
-        if (c == '!') {
-          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Footer of telegram found");
-          this->footer_found_ = true;
-          continue;
-        }
-        // Check for the end of the hex checksum, i.e. a newline.
-        if (this->footer_found_ && c == '\n') {
-          // Parse the telegram and publish sensor values.
-          this->parse_telegram();
-          this->reset_telegram_();
-          return;
-        }
       }
     }
   }
 }
 
 void Dsmr::receive_encrypted_telegram_() {
-  while (this->available_within_timeout_()) {
-    // Read all available bytes in batches to reduce UART call overhead.
-    uint8_t buf[64];
-    size_t avail = this->available();
-    while (avail > 0) {
-      size_t to_read = std::min(avail, sizeof(buf));
-      if (!this->read_array(buf, to_read))
-        return;
-      avail -= to_read;
-
-      for (size_t i = 0; i < to_read; i++) {
-        const char c = static_cast<char>(buf[i]);
-
-        // Find a new telegram start byte.
-        if (!this->header_found_) {
-          if ((uint8_t) c != 0xDB) {
-            continue;
-          }
-          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Start byte 0xDB of encrypted telegram found");
-          this->reset_telegram_();
-          this->header_found_ = true;
-        }
-
-        // Check for buffer overflow.
-        if (this->crypt_bytes_read_ >= this->max_telegram_len_) {
-          this->reset_telegram_();
-          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error: encrypted telegram larger than buffer (%d bytes)", this->max_telegram_len_);
-          return;
-        }
-
-        // Store the byte in the buffer.
-        this->crypt_telegram_[this->crypt_bytes_read_] = c;
-        this->crypt_bytes_read_++;
-
-        // Read the length of the incoming encrypted telegram.
-        if (this->crypt_telegram_len_ == 0 && this->crypt_bytes_read_ > 20) {
-          // Complete header + data bytes
-          this->crypt_telegram_len_ = 13 + (this->crypt_telegram_[11] << 8 | this->crypt_telegram_[12]);
-          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Encrypted telegram length: %d bytes", this->crypt_telegram_len_);
-        }
-
-        // Check for the end of the encrypted telegram.
-        if (this->crypt_telegram_len_ == 0 || this->crypt_bytes_read_ != this->crypt_telegram_len_) {
-          continue;
-        }
-        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "End of encrypted telegram found");
-
-        // Decrypt the encrypted telegram.
-        GCM<AES128> *gcmaes128{new GCM<AES128>()};
-        gcmaes128->setKey(this->decryption_key_.data(), gcmaes128->keySize());
-        // the iv is 8 bytes of the system title + 4 bytes frame counter
-        // system title is at byte 2 and frame counter at byte 15
-        for (int i = 10; i < 14; i++)
-          this->crypt_telegram_[i] = this->crypt_telegram_[i + 4];
-        constexpr uint16_t iv_size{12};
-        gcmaes128->setIV(&this->crypt_telegram_[2], iv_size);
-        gcmaes128->decrypt(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(this->telegram_),
-                           // the ciphertext start at byte 18
-                           &this->crypt_telegram_[18],
-                           // cipher size
-                           this->crypt_bytes_read_ - 17);
-        delete gcmaes128;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
-
-        this->bytes_read_ = strnlen(this->telegram_, this->max_telegram_len_);
-        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Decrypted telegram size: %d bytes", this->bytes_read_);
-        ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Decrypted telegram: %s", this->telegram_);
-
-        // Parse the decrypted telegram and publish sensor values.
-        this->parse_telegram();
-        this->reset_telegram_();
-        return;
+  for (auto data = this->uart_read_chunk_(); !data.empty(); data = this->uart_read_chunk_()) {
+    for (uint8_t byte : data) {
+      if (this->buffer_pos_ >= this->buffer_.size()) {  // Reset buffer if overflow
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Encrypted buffer overflow, resetting");
+        this->buffer_pos_ = 0;
       }
+
+      this->buffer_[this->buffer_pos_] = byte;
+      this->buffer_pos_++;
     }
+    this->last_read_time_ = millis();
+  }
+
+  // Detect inter-frame delay. If no byte is received for more than receive_timeout, then the packet is complete.
+  if (millis() - this->last_read_time_ > this->receive_timeout_ && this->buffer_pos_ > 0) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Encrypted telegram received (%zu bytes)", this->buffer_pos_);
+
+    const auto telegram = this->dlms_decryptor_.decrypt_inplace({this->buffer_.data(), this->buffer_pos_});
+
+    // Reset buffer position for the next packet
+    this->buffer_pos_ = 0;
+    this->last_read_time_ = 0;
+
+    if (!telegram) {  // decryption failed
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Parse and publish the telegram
+    this->parse_telegram_(telegram.value());
   }
 }
 
-bool Dsmr::parse_telegram() {
-  MyData data;
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Trying to parse telegram");
+bool Dsmr::parse_telegram_(const dsmr_parser::DsmrUnencryptedTelegram &telegram) {
   this->stop_requesting_data_();
 
-  const auto &res = dsmr_parser::P1Parser::parse(
-      data, this->telegram_, this->bytes_read_, false,
-      this->crc_check_);  // Parse telegram according to data definition. Ignore unknown values.
-  if (res.err) {
-    // Parsing error, show it
-    auto err_str = res.fullError(this->telegram_, this->telegram_ + this->bytes_read_);
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "%s", err_str.c_str());
-    return false;
-  } else {
-    this->status_clear_warning();
-    this->publish_sensors(data);
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Trying to parse telegram (%zu bytes)", telegram.content().size());
+  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Telegram content:\n %.*s", static_cast<int>(telegram.content().size()), telegram.content().data());
 
-    // publish the telegram, after publishing the sensors so it can also trigger action based on latest values
-    if (this->s_telegram_ != nullptr) {
-      this->s_telegram_->publish_state(this->telegram_, this->bytes_read_);
-    }
-    return true;
+  MyData data;
+  if (const bool res = dsmr_parser::DsmrParser::parse(data, telegram); !res) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to parse telegram");
+    return false;
   }
+
+  this->status_clear_warning();
+  this->publish_sensors(data);
+
+  // Publish the telegram, after publishing the sensors so it can also trigger action based on latest values
+  if (this->s_telegram_ != nullptr) {
+    this->s_telegram_->publish_state(telegram.content().data(), telegram.content().size());
+  }
+  return true;
 }
 
 void Dsmr::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "DSMR:\n"
-                "  Max telegram length: %d\n"
+                "  Max telegram length: %zu\n"
                 "  Receive timeout: %.1fs",
-                this->max_telegram_len_, this->receive_timeout_ / 1e3f);
+                this->buffer_.size(), this->receive_timeout_ / 1e3f);
   if (this->request_pin_ != nullptr) {
     LOG_PIN("  Request Pin: ", this->request_pin_);
   }
@@ -324,30 +192,37 @@ void Dsmr::dump_config() {
   DSMR_TEXT_SENSOR_LIST(DSMR_LOG_TEXT_SENSOR, )
 }
 
-void Dsmr::set_decryption_key(const char *decryption_key) {
+void Dsmr::set_decryption_key_(const char *decryption_key) {
   if (decryption_key == nullptr || decryption_key[0] == '\0') {
-    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Disabling decryption");
-    this->decryption_key_.clear();
-    if (this->crypt_telegram_ != nullptr) {
-      delete[] this->crypt_telegram_;
-      this->crypt_telegram_ = nullptr;
-    }
+    this->encryption_enabled_ = false;
     return;
   }
 
-  if (!parse_hex(decryption_key, this->decryption_key_, 16)) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error, decryption key must be 32 hex characters");
-    this->decryption_key_.clear();
+  auto key = dsmr_parser::Aes128GcmDecryptionKey::from_hex(decryption_key);
+  if (!key) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error, decryption key has incorrect format");
+    this->encryption_enabled_ = false;
     return;
   }
 
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Decryption key is set");
-  // Verbose level prints decryption key
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Using decryption key: %s", decryption_key);
 
-  if (this->crypt_telegram_ == nullptr) {
-    this->crypt_telegram_ = new uint8_t[this->max_telegram_len_];  // NOLINT
+  this->gcm_decryptor_.set_encryption_key(key.value());
+  this->encryption_enabled_ = true;
+}
+
+std::span<uint8_t> Dsmr::uart_read_chunk_() {
+  const auto avail = this->available();
+  if (avail == 0) {
+    return {};
   }
+  size_t to_read = std::min(avail, uart_chunk_reading_buf_.size());
+  if (!this->read_array(uart_chunk_reading_buf_.data(), to_read)) {
+    return {};
+  }
+  return {uart_chunk_reading_buf_.data(), to_read};
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::dsmr
+
+#endif

esphome/components/dsmr/dsmr.h

@@ -1,31 +1,46 @@
 #pragma once
 
+// Ignore Zephyr. It doesn't have any encryption library.
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_ARDUINO) || defined(USE_HOST)
+
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/components/uart/uart.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include <dsmr_parser/dlms_packet_decryptor.h>
 #include <dsmr_parser/fields.h>
+#include <dsmr_parser/packet_accumulator.h>
 #include <dsmr_parser/parser.h>
+#include <array>
+#include <span>
 #include <vector>
 
+#if __has_include(<psa/crypto.h>)
+#include <dsmr_parser/decryption/aes128gcm_tfpsa.h>
+#elif __has_include(<mbedtls/gcm.h>)
+#if __has_include(<mbedtls/esp_config.h>)
+#include <mbedtls/esp_config.h>
+#endif
+#include <dsmr_parser/decryption/aes128gcm_mbedtls.h>
+#elif __has_include(<bearssl/bearssl.h>)
+#include <dsmr_parser/decryption/aes128gcm_bearssl.h>
+#else
+#error "The platform doesn't provide a compatible encryption library for dsmr_parser"
+#endif
+
 namespace esphome::dsmr {
 
-using namespace dsmr_parser::fields;
-
-// DSMR_**_LIST generated by ESPHome and written in esphome/core/defines
-
-#if !defined(DSMR_SENSOR_LIST) && !defined(DSMR_TEXT_SENSOR_LIST)
-// Neither set, set it to a dummy value to not break build
-#define DSMR_TEXT_SENSOR_LIST(F, SEP) F(identification)
-#endif
-
-#if defined(DSMR_SENSOR_LIST) && defined(DSMR_TEXT_SENSOR_LIST)
-#define DSMR_BOTH ,
+#if __has_include(<psa/crypto.h>)
+using Aes128GcmDecryptorImpl = dsmr_parser::Aes128GcmTfPsa;
+#elif __has_include(<mbedtls/gcm.h>)
+using Aes128GcmDecryptorImpl = dsmr_parser::Aes128GcmMbedTls;
 #else
-#define DSMR_BOTH
+using Aes128GcmDecryptorImpl = dsmr_parser::Aes128GcmBearSsl;
 #endif
 
+using namespace dsmr_parser::fields;
+
 #ifndef DSMR_SENSOR_LIST
 #define DSMR_SENSOR_LIST(F, SEP)
 #endif
@@ -34,21 +49,33 @@ using namespace dsmr_parser::fields;
 #define DSMR_TEXT_SENSOR_LIST(F, SEP)
 #endif
 
-#define DSMR_DATA_SENSOR(s) s
+#define DSMR_IDENTITY(s) s
 #define DSMR_COMMA ,
+#define DSMR_PREPEND_COMMA(...) __VA_OPT__(, ) __VA_ARGS__
 
-using MyData = dsmr_parser::ParsedData<DSMR_TEXT_SENSOR_LIST(DSMR_DATA_SENSOR, DSMR_COMMA)
-                                           DSMR_BOTH DSMR_SENSOR_LIST(DSMR_DATA_SENSOR, DSMR_COMMA)>;
+#ifdef DSMR_TEXT_SENSOR_LIST_DEFINED
+using MyData = dsmr_parser::ParsedData<DSMR_TEXT_SENSOR_LIST(DSMR_IDENTITY, DSMR_COMMA)
+                                           DSMR_PREPEND_COMMA(DSMR_SENSOR_LIST(DSMR_IDENTITY, DSMR_COMMA))>;
+#else
+using MyData = dsmr_parser::ParsedData<DSMR_SENSOR_LIST(DSMR_IDENTITY, DSMR_COMMA)>;
+#endif
 
 class Dsmr : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
  public:
-  Dsmr(uart::UARTComponent *uart, bool crc_check) : uart::UARTDevice(uart), crc_check_(crc_check) {}
+  Dsmr(uart::UARTComponent *uart, bool crc_check, size_t max_telegram_length, uint32_t request_interval,
+       uint32_t receive_timeout, GPIOPin *request_pin, const char *decryption_key)
+      : uart::UARTDevice(uart),
+        request_interval_(request_interval),
+        receive_timeout_(receive_timeout),
+        request_pin_(request_pin),
+        buffer_(max_telegram_length),
+        packet_accumulator_(buffer_, crc_check) {
+    this->set_decryption_key_(decryption_key);
+  }
 
   void setup() override;
   void loop() override;
 
-  bool parse_telegram();
-
   void publish_sensors(MyData &data) {
 #define DSMR_PUBLISH_SENSOR(s) \
   if (data.s##_present && this->s_##s##_ != nullptr) \
@@ -57,20 +84,15 @@ class Dsmr : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
 
 #define DSMR_PUBLISH_TEXT_SENSOR(s) \
   if (data.s##_present && this->s_##s##_ != nullptr) \
-    s_##s##_->publish_state(data.s.c_str());
+    s_##s##_->publish_state(data.s.data(), data.s.size());
     DSMR_TEXT_SENSOR_LIST(DSMR_PUBLISH_TEXT_SENSOR, )
   };
 
   void dump_config() override;
 
-  void set_decryption_key(const char *decryption_key);
   // Remove before 2026.8.0
-  ESPDEPRECATED("Pass .c_str() - e.g. set_decryption_key(key.c_str()). Removed in 2026.8.0", "2026.2.0")
-  void set_decryption_key(const std::string &decryption_key) { this->set_decryption_key(decryption_key.c_str()); }
-  void set_max_telegram_length(size_t length) { this->max_telegram_len_ = length; }
-  void set_request_pin(GPIOPin *request_pin) { this->request_pin_ = request_pin; }
-  void set_request_interval(uint32_t interval) { this->request_interval_ = interval; }
-  void set_receive_timeout(uint32_t timeout) { this->receive_timeout_ = timeout; }
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Use 'decryption_key' configuration parameter. This method will be removed in 2026.8.0", "2026.2.0")
+  void set_decryption_key(const std::string &decryption_key) { this->set_decryption_key_(decryption_key.c_str()); }
 
 // Sensor setters
 #define DSMR_SET_SENSOR(s) \
@@ -85,56 +107,40 @@ class Dsmr : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
   void set_telegram(text_sensor::TextSensor *sensor) { s_telegram_ = sensor; }
 
  protected:
+  void set_decryption_key_(const char *decryption_key);
   void receive_telegram_();
   void receive_encrypted_telegram_();
-  void reset_telegram_();
-  void drain_rx_buffer_();
+  void flush_rx_buffer_();
 
-  /// Wait for UART data to become available within the read timeout.
-  ///
-  /// The smart meter might provide data in chunks, causing available() to
-  /// return 0. When we're already reading a telegram, then we don't return
-  /// right away (to handle further data in an upcoming loop) but wait a
-  /// little while using this method to see if more data are incoming.
-  /// By not returning, we prevent other components from taking so much
-  /// time that the UART RX buffer overflows and bytes of the telegram get
-  /// lost in the process.
-  bool available_within_timeout_();
-
-  // Request telegram
-  uint32_t request_interval_;
-  bool request_interval_reached_();
-  GPIOPin *request_pin_{nullptr};
-  uint32_t last_request_time_{0};
-  bool requesting_data_{false};
+  bool parse_telegram_(const dsmr_parser::DsmrUnencryptedTelegram &telegram);
+  bool request_interval_reached_() const;
   bool ready_to_request_data_();
   void start_requesting_data_();
   void stop_requesting_data_();
+  std::span<uint8_t> uart_read_chunk_();
 
-  // Read telegram
+  // Config
+  uint32_t request_interval_;
   uint32_t receive_timeout_;
-  bool receive_timeout_reached_();
-  size_t max_telegram_len_;
-  char *telegram_{nullptr};
-  size_t bytes_read_{0};
-  uint8_t *crypt_telegram_{nullptr};
-  size_t crypt_telegram_len_{0};
-  size_t crypt_bytes_read_{0};
-  uint32_t last_read_time_{0};
-  bool header_found_{false};
-  bool footer_found_{false};
-
-  // handled outside dsmr
+  GPIOPin *request_pin_{nullptr};
   text_sensor::TextSensor *s_telegram_{nullptr};
-
-// Sensor member pointers
 #define DSMR_DECLARE_SENSOR(s) sensor::Sensor *s_##s##_{nullptr};
   DSMR_SENSOR_LIST(DSMR_DECLARE_SENSOR, )
-
 #define DSMR_DECLARE_TEXT_SENSOR(s) text_sensor::TextSensor *s_##s##_{nullptr};
   DSMR_TEXT_SENSOR_LIST(DSMR_DECLARE_TEXT_SENSOR, )
 
-  std::vector<uint8_t> decryption_key_{};
-  bool crc_check_;
+  // State
+  uint32_t last_request_time_{0};
+  uint32_t last_read_time_{0};
+  bool requesting_data_{false};
+  bool encryption_enabled_{false};
+  size_t buffer_pos_{0};
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer_;
+  dsmr_parser::PacketAccumulator packet_accumulator_;
+  Aes128GcmDecryptorImpl gcm_decryptor_;
+  dsmr_parser::DlmsPacketDecryptor dlms_decryptor_{gcm_decryptor_};
+  std::array<uint8_t, 256> uart_chunk_reading_buf_;
 };
 }  // namespace esphome::dsmr
+
+#endif

esphome/components/dsmr/sensor.py

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     DEVICE_CLASS_FREQUENCY,
     DEVICE_CLASS_GAS,
     DEVICE_CLASS_POWER,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_POWER_FACTOR,
     DEVICE_CLASS_REACTIVE_POWER,
     DEVICE_CLASS_VOLTAGE,
     DEVICE_CLASS_WATER,
@@ -119,6 +120,42 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
             device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_ENERGY,
             state_class=STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING,
         ),
+        cv.Optional("energy_delivered_tariff1_il"): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_KILOWATT_HOURS,
+            accuracy_decimals=3,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_ENERGY,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING,
+        ),
+        cv.Optional("energy_delivered_tariff2_il"): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_KILOWATT_HOURS,
+            accuracy_decimals=3,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_ENERGY,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING,
+        ),
+        cv.Optional("energy_delivered_tariff3_il"): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_KILOWATT_HOURS,
+            accuracy_decimals=3,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_ENERGY,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING,
+        ),
+        cv.Optional("energy_returned_tariff1_il"): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_KILOWATT_HOURS,
+            accuracy_decimals=3,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_ENERGY,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING,
+        ),
+        cv.Optional("energy_returned_tariff2_il"): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_KILOWATT_HOURS,
+            accuracy_decimals=3,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_ENERGY,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING,
+        ),
+        cv.Optional("energy_returned_tariff3_il"): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_KILOWATT_HOURS,
+            accuracy_decimals=3,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_ENERGY,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING,
+        ),
         cv.Optional("total_imported_energy"): sensor.sensor_schema(
             unit_of_measurement=UNIT_KILOVOLT_AMPS_REACTIVE_HOURS,
             accuracy_decimals=3,
@@ -511,6 +548,12 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
             device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_GAS,
             state_class=STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING,
         ),
+        cv.Optional("gas_delivered_gj"): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_GIGA_JOULE,
+            accuracy_decimals=3,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_ENERGY,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING,
+        ),
         cv.Optional("water_delivered"): sensor.sensor_schema(
             unit_of_measurement=UNIT_CUBIC_METER,
             accuracy_decimals=3,
@@ -614,6 +657,12 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
             device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_POWER,
             state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
         ),
+        cv.Optional("active_demand_net"): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_KILOWATT,
+            accuracy_decimals=3,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_POWER,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+        ),
         cv.Optional("active_demand_abs"): sensor.sensor_schema(
             unit_of_measurement=UNIT_KILOWATT,
             accuracy_decimals=3,
@@ -728,6 +777,37 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
             device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_POWER,
             state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
         ),
+        cv.Optional("power_factor"): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            accuracy_decimals=3,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_POWER_FACTOR,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+        ),
+        cv.Optional("power_factor_l1"): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            accuracy_decimals=3,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_POWER_FACTOR,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+        ),
+        cv.Optional("power_factor_l2"): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            accuracy_decimals=3,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_POWER_FACTOR,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+        ),
+        cv.Optional("power_factor_l3"): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            accuracy_decimals=3,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_POWER_FACTOR,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+        ),
+        cv.Optional("min_power_factor"): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            accuracy_decimals=3,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_POWER_FACTOR,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+        ),
+        cv.Optional("period_3_for_instantaneous_values"): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_SECOND,
+            accuracy_decimals=0,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DURATION,
+            state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+        ),
     }
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
@@ -746,6 +826,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             sensors.append(f"F({key})")
 
     if sensors:
+        cg.add_define("DSMR_SENSOR_LIST_DEFINED")
         cg.add_define(
             "DSMR_SENSOR_LIST(F, sep)", cg.RawExpression(" sep ".join(sensors))
         )

esphome/components/dsmr/text_sensor.py

@@ -15,7 +15,9 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
         cv.Optional("p1_version_be"): text_sensor.text_sensor_schema(),
         cv.Optional("timestamp"): text_sensor.text_sensor_schema(),
         cv.Optional("electricity_tariff"): text_sensor.text_sensor_schema(),
+        cv.Optional("electricity_tariff_il"): text_sensor.text_sensor_schema(),
         cv.Optional("electricity_failure_log"): text_sensor.text_sensor_schema(),
+        cv.Optional("electricity_failure_log_il"): text_sensor.text_sensor_schema(),
         cv.Optional("message_short"): text_sensor.text_sensor_schema(),
         cv.Optional("message_long"): text_sensor.text_sensor_schema(),
         cv.Optional("equipment_id"): text_sensor.text_sensor_schema(),
@@ -52,6 +54,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
                 text_sensors.append(f"F({key})")
 
     if text_sensors:
+        cg.add_define("DSMR_TEXT_SENSOR_LIST_DEFINED")
         cg.add_define(
             "DSMR_TEXT_SENSOR_LIST(F, sep)",
             cg.RawExpression(" sep ".join(text_sensors)),

esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_ssd1683.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+#include "epaper_spi_ssd1683.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::epaper_spi {
+static constexpr const char *const TAG = "epaper_spi.mono";
+
+void EPaperSSD1683::refresh_screen(bool partial) {
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Refresh screen");
+  this->cmd_data(0x3C, {partial ? (uint8_t) 0x80 : (uint8_t) 0x01});
+  // On partial update, set red RAM to inverse to remove BW ghosting
+  this->cmd_data(0x21, {partial ? (uint8_t) 0x80 : (uint8_t) 0x40, (uint8_t) 0x00});
+  // Set full update to 0xD7 for fast update, 0xF7 for normal
+  // Fast update flashes less and draws sooner but is in busy state for the same amount of time
+  // Manufacturer recommends not using fast update all the time, TODO expose this to the user
+  this->cmd_data(0x22, {partial ? (uint8_t) 0xFC : (uint8_t) 0xF7});
+  this->command(0x20);
+}
+
+// Puts the display into deep sleep mode 1, only way to get out is to reset the display
+// Mode 1 retains RAM while sleeping, necessary for future partial and window updates
+void EPaperSSD1683::deep_sleep() {
+  if (this->is_using_partial_update_()) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Deep sleep mode 1");
+    this->cmd_data(0x10, {0x01});  // deep sleep, retain RAM
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Deep sleep mode 2");
+    this->cmd_data(0x10, {0x03});  // deep sleep, lose RAM
+  }
+}
+
+void EPaperSSD1683::set_window() {
+  // if not using partial update, the display will go into deep sleep mode 2, so must rewrite entire
+  // buffer since the display RAM will not retain contents
+  if (!this->is_using_partial_update_()) {
+    this->x_low_ = 0;
+    this->x_high_ = this->width_;
+    this->y_low_ = 0;
+    this->y_high_ = this->height_;
+  }
+
+  // round x-coordinates to byte boundaries
+  this->x_low_ /= 8;
+  this->x_high_ += 7;
+  this->x_high_ /= 8;
+
+  this->cmd_data(0x44, {(uint8_t) this->x_low_, (uint8_t) (this->x_high_ - 1)});
+  this->cmd_data(0x45, {(uint8_t) this->y_low_, (uint8_t) (this->y_low_ / 256), (uint8_t) (this->y_high_ - 1),
+                        (uint8_t) ((this->y_high_ - 1) / 256)});
+  this->cmd_data(0x4E, {(uint8_t) this->x_low_});
+  this->cmd_data(0x4F, {(uint8_t) this->y_low_, (uint8_t) (this->y_low_ / 256)});
+}
+
+bool HOT EPaperSSD1683::transfer_data() {
+  auto start_time = millis();
+  if (this->current_data_index_ == 0) {
+    if (this->send_red_) {
+      // round to byte boundaries
+      this->set_window();
+    }
+    // for monochrome, we need to send red on every refresh to prevent dirty pixels
+    // when doing a partial refresh
+    this->command(this->send_red_ ? 0x26 : 0x24);
+    this->current_data_index_ = this->y_low_;  // actually current line
+  }
+  size_t row_length = this->x_high_ - this->x_low_;
+  FixedVector<uint8_t> bytes_to_send{};
+  bytes_to_send.init(row_length);
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Writing %u bytes at line %zu at %ums", row_length, this->current_data_index_, (unsigned) millis());
+  this->start_data_();
+  while (this->current_data_index_ != this->y_high_) {
+    size_t data_idx = this->current_data_index_ * this->row_width_ + this->x_low_;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i != row_length; i++) {
+      bytes_to_send[i] = this->buffer_[data_idx++];
+    }
+    ++this->current_data_index_;
+    this->write_array(&bytes_to_send.front(), row_length);  // NOLINT
+    if (millis() - start_time > MAX_TRANSFER_TIME) {
+      // Let the main loop run and come back next loop
+      this->disable();
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  this->disable();
+  this->current_data_index_ = 0;
+  if (this->send_red_) {
+    this->send_red_ = false;
+    return false;
+  }
+  this->send_red_ = true;
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::epaper_spi

esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_ssd1683.h

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "epaper_spi_mono.h"
+
+namespace esphome::epaper_spi {
+/**
+ * A class for Solomon SSD1683 epaper displays.
+ */
+class EPaperSSD1683 : public EPaperMono {
+ public:
+  EPaperSSD1683(const char *name, uint16_t width, uint16_t height, const uint8_t *init_sequence,
+                size_t init_sequence_length)
+      : EPaperMono(name, width, height, init_sequence, init_sequence_length) {}
+
+ protected:
+  void refresh_screen(bool partial) override;
+  void deep_sleep() override;
+  void set_window() override;
+  bool transfer_data() override;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::epaper_spi

esphome/components/epaper_spi/models/ssd1683.py

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+from esphome.const import CONF_DATA_RATE
+
+from . import EpaperModel
+
+
+class SSD1683(EpaperModel):
+    def __init__(self, name, class_name="EPaperSSD1683", data_rate="20MHz", **defaults):
+        defaults[CONF_DATA_RATE] = data_rate
+        super().__init__(name, class_name, **defaults)
+
+    # fmt: off
+    def get_init_sequence(self, config: dict):
+        _width, height = self.get_dimensions(config)
+        return (
+            (0x01, (height - 1) % 256, (height - 1) // 256, 0x00),    # Set column gate limit
+            (0x18, 0x80),    # Select internal Temp sensor
+            (0x11, 0x03),      # Set transform
+        )
+
+
+ssd1683 = SSD1683("ssd1683")
+
+goodisplay_gdey042t81 = ssd1683.extend(
+    "goodisplay-gdey042t81-4.2",
+    width=400,
+    height=300,
+)

esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TYPE,
     CONF_VARIANT,
     CONF_VERSION,
+    CONF_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT,
     KEY_CORE,
     KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION,
     KEY_NAME,
@@ -128,23 +129,30 @@ ASSERTION_LEVELS = {
 SIGNING_SCHEMES = {
     "rsa3072": "CONFIG_SECURE_SIGNED_APPS_RSA_SCHEME",
     "ecdsa256": "CONFIG_SECURE_SIGNED_APPS_ECDSA_V2_SCHEME",
+    "ecdsa_v1": "CONFIG_SECURE_SIGNED_APPS_ECDSA_SCHEME",
 }
 
-# Chip variants that only support one signing scheme for Secure Boot V2.
+# Chip variants that only support one V2 signing scheme.
 # Based on SOC_SECURE_BOOT_V2_RSA / SOC_SECURE_BOOT_V2_ECC in soc_caps.h.
-# Variants not listed in either set support both RSA and ECDSA
+# Variants not listed in either set support both RSA and ECDSA V2
 # (e.g. C5, C6, H2, P4). New variants should be added to the
 # appropriate set if they only support one scheme.
-SIGNED_OTA_RSA_ONLY_VARIANTS = {
-    VARIANT_ESP32,
+# Note: VARIANT_ESP32 is not listed here because it supports V2 RSA only
+# when minimum_chip_revision >= 3.0, which requires special handling.
+SIGNED_OTA_V2_RSA_ONLY_VARIANTS = {
     VARIANT_ESP32S2,
     VARIANT_ESP32S3,
     VARIANT_ESP32C3,
 }
-SIGNED_OTA_ECC_ONLY_VARIANTS = {
+SIGNED_OTA_V2_ECC_ONLY_VARIANTS = {
     VARIANT_ESP32C2,
     VARIANT_ESP32C61,
 }
+# V1 ECDSA (Secure Boot V1) is only supported on the original ESP32.
+# Based on SOC_SECURE_BOOT_V1 in soc_caps.h.
+SIGNED_OTA_V1_ECDSA_VARIANTS = {
+    VARIANT_ESP32,
+}
 
 COMPILER_OPTIMIZATIONS = {
     "DEBUG": "CONFIG_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION_DEBUG",
@@ -991,25 +999,73 @@ def final_validate(config):
     if signed_ota := advanced.get(CONF_SIGNED_OTA_VERIFICATION):
         scheme = signed_ota[CONF_SIGNING_SCHEME]
         variant = config[CONF_VARIANT]
-        scheme_variant_conflicts = {
-            "ecdsa256": (SIGNED_OTA_RSA_ONLY_VARIANTS, "rsa3072"),
-            "rsa3072": (SIGNED_OTA_ECC_ONLY_VARIANTS, "ecdsa256"),
-        }
-        if (conflict := scheme_variant_conflicts.get(scheme)) and variant in conflict[
-            0
-        ]:
+        min_rev = advanced.get(CONF_MINIMUM_CHIP_REVISION)
+        scheme_path = [
+            CONF_FRAMEWORK,
+            CONF_ADVANCED,
+            CONF_SIGNED_OTA_VERIFICATION,
+            CONF_SIGNING_SCHEME,
+        ]
+
+        # V1 ECDSA is only available on the original ESP32
+        if scheme == "ecdsa_v1" and variant not in SIGNED_OTA_V1_ECDSA_VARIANTS:
             errs.append(
                 cv.Invalid(
-                    f"Signing scheme '{scheme}' is not supported on "
-                    f"{VARIANT_FRIENDLY[variant]}. Use '{conflict[1]}' instead.",
-                    path=[
-                        CONF_FRAMEWORK,
-                        CONF_ADVANCED,
-                        CONF_SIGNED_OTA_VERIFICATION,
-                        CONF_SIGNING_SCHEME,
-                    ],
+                    f"Signing scheme 'ecdsa_v1' is only supported on "
+                    f"{VARIANT_FRIENDLY[VARIANT_ESP32]}. "
+                    f"Use 'rsa3072' or 'ecdsa256' instead.",
+                    path=scheme_path,
                 )
             )
+        elif variant == VARIANT_ESP32:
+            # On ESP32, V2 RSA requires minimum_chip_revision >= 3.0
+            # Note: string comparison works here because cv.one_of constrains
+            # min_rev to known ESP32_CHIP_REVISIONS values ("0.0".."3.1").
+            if scheme == "rsa3072" and (min_rev is None or min_rev < "3.0"):
+                errs.append(
+                    cv.Invalid(
+                        f"Signing scheme 'rsa3072' on {VARIANT_FRIENDLY[variant]} "
+                        f"requires minimum_chip_revision: '3.0' or higher "
+                        f"(Secure Boot V2 RSA needs chip revision 3.0+). "
+                        f"For older chip revisions, use 'ecdsa_v1' instead.",
+                        path=scheme_path,
+                    )
+                )
+            # ESP32 does not support V2 ECDSA (no SOC_SECURE_BOOT_V2_ECC)
+            elif scheme == "ecdsa256":
+                errs.append(
+                    cv.Invalid(
+                        f"Signing scheme 'ecdsa256' is not supported on "
+                        f"{VARIANT_FRIENDLY[variant]}. Use 'rsa3072' (with "
+                        f"minimum_chip_revision: '3.0') or 'ecdsa_v1' instead.",
+                        path=scheme_path,
+                    )
+                )
+            # V1 on rev 3.0+ -- suggest V2 RSA for stronger security
+            elif scheme == "ecdsa_v1" and min_rev is not None and min_rev >= "3.0":
+                _LOGGER.info(
+                    "Using Secure Boot V1 ECDSA on %s rev %s. "
+                    "Consider using 'rsa3072' (Secure Boot V2 RSA) for "
+                    "stronger security on chip revision 3.0+.",
+                    VARIANT_FRIENDLY[variant],
+                    min_rev,
+                )
+        else:
+            # Non-ESP32 variants: check V2 scheme-variant compatibility
+            scheme_variant_conflicts = {
+                "ecdsa256": (SIGNED_OTA_V2_RSA_ONLY_VARIANTS, "rsa3072"),
+                "rsa3072": (SIGNED_OTA_V2_ECC_ONLY_VARIANTS, "ecdsa256"),
+            }
+            if (
+                conflict := scheme_variant_conflicts.get(scheme)
+            ) and variant in conflict[0]:
+                errs.append(
+                    cv.Invalid(
+                        f"Signing scheme '{scheme}' is not supported on "
+                        f"{VARIANT_FRIENDLY[variant]}. Use '{conflict[1]}' instead.",
+                        path=scheme_path,
+                    )
+                )
         if CONF_OTA not in full_config:
             _LOGGER.warning(
                 "Signed OTA verification is enabled but no OTA component is configured. "
@@ -1452,6 +1508,10 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_VARIANT): cv.one_of(*VARIANTS, upper=True),
             cv.Optional(CONF_FRAMEWORK): FRAMEWORK_SCHEMA,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT, default="5s"): cv.All(
+                cv.positive_time_period_seconds,
+                cv.Range(min=cv.TimePeriod(seconds=5), max=cv.TimePeriod(seconds=60)),
+            ),
         }
     ),
     _detect_variant,
@@ -1819,6 +1879,10 @@ async def to_code(config):
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ESP_TASK_WDT_PANIC", True)
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ESP_TASK_WDT_CHECK_IDLE_TASK_CPU0", False)
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ESP_TASK_WDT_CHECK_IDLE_TASK_CPU1", False)
+    add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
+        "CONFIG_ESP_TASK_WDT_TIMEOUT_S",
+        config[CONF_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT].total_seconds,
+    )
 
     # Disable dynamic log level control to save memory
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_LOG_DYNAMIC_LEVEL_CONTROL", False)

esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp

@@ -23,7 +23,26 @@ extern "C" __attribute__((weak)) void initArduino() {}
 namespace esphome {
 
 void HOT yield() { vPortYield(); }
-uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT millis() { return micros_to_millis(static_cast<uint64_t>(esp_timer_get_time())); }
+// Use xTaskGetTickCount() when tick rate is 1 kHz (ESPHome's default via sdkconfig),
+// falling back to esp_timer for non-standard rates. IRAM_ATTR is required because
+// Wiegand and ZyAura call millis() from IRAM_ATTR ISR handlers on ESP32.
+// xTaskGetTickCountFromISR() is used in ISR context to satisfy the FreeRTOS API contract.
+uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT millis() {
+#if CONFIG_FREERTOS_HZ == 1000
+  if (xPortInIsrContext()) [[unlikely]] {
+    return xTaskGetTickCountFromISR();
+  }
+  return xTaskGetTickCount();
+#else
+  return micros_to_millis(static_cast<uint64_t>(esp_timer_get_time()));
+#endif
+}
+// millis_64() stays on esp_timer — a different clock from xTaskGetTickCount(). This is
+// safe because the two are never cross-compared: millis() values are only used for
+// millis()-vs-millis() deltas (feed_wdt, warn_blocking, component start time), while
+// millis_64() is used by the Scheduler and uptime sensors. On ESP32 (USE_NATIVE_64BIT_TIME),
+// Scheduler::millis_64_from_(now) discards the 32-bit now and calls millis_64() directly,
+// so the Scheduler is internally consistent on the esp_timer clock.
 uint64_t HOT millis_64() { return micros_to_millis<uint64_t>(static_cast<uint64_t>(esp_timer_get_time())); }
 void HOT delay(uint32_t ms) { vTaskDelay(ms / portTICK_PERIOD_MS); }
 uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT micros() { return (uint32_t) esp_timer_get_time(); }

esphome/components/esp32/gpio.py

@@ -172,10 +172,16 @@ def validate_gpio_pin(pin):
             exc,
         )
     else:
-        # Throw an exception if used for a pin that would not have resulted
-        # in a validation error anyway!
+        # `ignore_pin_validation_error` only suppresses an error raised by the
+        # variant's pin_validation above (e.g. SPI flash/PSRAM pins, invalid pin
+        # numbers). If that didn't raise, the option is a no-op -- warn so the
+        # user can clean it up, but don't block the build.
         if ignore_pin_validation_warning:
-            raise cv.Invalid(f"GPIO{pin[CONF_NUMBER]} is not a reserved pin")
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "GPIO%d has no validation errors to ignore; "
+                "remove `ignore_pin_validation_error: true` from this pin.",
+                pin[CONF_NUMBER],
+            )
 
     return pin
 

esphome/components/esp32/post_build.py.script

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import json  # noqa: E402
 import os  # noqa: E402
 import pathlib  # noqa: E402
 import shutil  # noqa: E402
+import subprocess  # noqa: E402
 from glob import glob  # noqa: E402
 
 
@@ -25,6 +26,114 @@ def _parse_sdkconfig(sdkconfig_path):
     return options
 
 
+def _generate_v1_verification_key(env):
+    """Generate the V1 ECDSA verification key binary and assembly source file.
+
+    Secure Boot V1 embeds the public verification key directly in the app binary
+    as a compiled object (via a .S assembly file). The ESP-IDF CMake build generates
+    these files via custom commands, but PlatformIO's SCons bridge does not execute
+    them. This function replicates that logic:
+      1. Extracts the raw public key from the PEM signing key using espsecure.
+      2. Generates the .S assembly source that embeds the key bytes.
+    """
+    build_dir = pathlib.Path(env.subst("$BUILD_DIR"))
+    project_dir = pathlib.Path(env.subst("$PROJECT_DIR"))
+    pioenv = env.subst("$PIOENV")
+    sdkconfig = _parse_sdkconfig(project_dir / f"sdkconfig.{pioenv}")
+
+    if sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_SECURE_SIGNED_APPS_ECDSA_SCHEME") != "y":
+        return
+
+    bin_path = build_dir / "signature_verification_key.bin"
+    asm_path = build_dir / "signature_verification_key.bin.S"
+
+    # Determine the source of the verification key
+    if sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_SECURE_BOOT_BUILD_SIGNED_BINARIES") == "y":
+        # Extract public key from the signing key
+        signing_key = sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_SECURE_BOOT_SIGNING_KEY")
+        if not signing_key:
+            return
+        signing_key_path = pathlib.Path(signing_key)
+        if not signing_key_path.exists():
+            print(f"Error: V1 ECDSA signing key not found: {signing_key_path}")
+            env.Exit(1)
+            return
+
+        if not bin_path.exists() or bin_path.stat().st_mtime < signing_key_path.stat().st_mtime:
+            python_exe = env.subst("$PYTHONEXE")
+            result = subprocess.run(
+                [python_exe, "-m", "espsecure", "extract_public_key",
+                 "--keyfile", str(signing_key_path), str(bin_path)],
+                capture_output=True, text=True,
+            )
+            if result.returncode != 0:
+                print(f"Error extracting V1 verification key: {result.stderr}")
+                env.Exit(1)
+                return
+            print(f"Extracted V1 ECDSA verification key from {signing_key_path.name}")
+    else:
+        # User-provided verification key -- should already be a raw binary file
+        verification_key = sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_SECURE_BOOT_VERIFICATION_KEY")
+        if not verification_key:
+            return
+        verification_key_path = pathlib.Path(verification_key)
+        if not verification_key_path.exists():
+            print(f"Error: Verification key not found: {verification_key_path}")
+            env.Exit(1)
+            return
+        shutil.copyfile(str(verification_key_path), str(bin_path))
+
+    if not bin_path.exists():
+        return
+
+    # Generate the .S assembly file from the binary key data.
+    # Replicates ESP-IDF's data_file_embed_asm.cmake with RENAME_TO=signature_verification_key_bin.
+    # The file is needed in both the app build dir and the bootloader build dir, since
+    # the bootloader also embeds the verification key when CONFIG_SECURE_SIGNED_ON_BOOT_NO_SECURE_BOOT
+    # is enabled. PlatformIO's SCons bridge does not execute the CMake custom commands that
+    # normally generate these files.
+    data = bin_path.read_bytes()
+    varname = "signature_verification_key_bin"
+
+    lines = []
+    lines.append(f"/* Data converted from {bin_path.name} */")
+    lines.append(".data")
+    lines.append("#if !defined (__APPLE__) && !defined (__linux__)")
+    lines.append(".section .rodata.embedded")
+    lines.append("#endif")
+    lines.append(f"\n.global {varname}")
+    lines.append(f"{varname}:")
+    lines.append(f"\n.global _binary_{varname}_start")
+    lines.append(f"_binary_{varname}_start: /* for objcopy compatibility */")
+
+    # Format binary data as .byte lines (16 bytes per line)
+    for i in range(0, len(data), 16):
+        chunk = data[i:i + 16]
+        hex_bytes = ", ".join(f"0x{b:02x}" for b in chunk)
+        lines.append(f".byte {hex_bytes}")
+
+    lines.append(f"\n.global _binary_{varname}_end")
+    lines.append(f"_binary_{varname}_end: /* for objcopy compatibility */")
+    lines.append(f"\n.global {varname}_length")
+    lines.append(f"{varname}_length:")
+    lines.append(f".long {len(data)}")
+    lines.append("")
+    lines.append('#if defined (__linux__)')
+    lines.append('.section .note.GNU-stack,"",@progbits')
+    lines.append("#endif")
+
+    asm_content = "\n".join(lines) + "\n"
+
+    # Write to app build dir and bootloader build dir
+    asm_path.write_text(asm_content)
+    bootloader_dir = build_dir / "bootloader"
+    if bootloader_dir.is_dir():
+        bootloader_bin = bootloader_dir / "signature_verification_key.bin"
+        bootloader_asm = bootloader_dir / "signature_verification_key.bin.S"
+        shutil.copyfile(str(bin_path), str(bootloader_bin))
+        bootloader_asm.write_text(asm_content)
+
+
 def sign_firmware(source, target, env):
     """
     Sign the firmware binary using espsecure.py if signed OTA verification is enabled.
@@ -55,9 +164,12 @@ def sign_firmware(source, target, env):
         env.Exit(1)
         return
 
-    # ESPHome only exposes RSA3072 and ECDSA256 (both Secure Boot V2 schemes),
-    # so the espsecure signature version is always 2.
-    sign_version = "2"
+    # Determine espsecure signature version from the signing scheme:
+    # V1 ECDSA (Secure Boot V1) uses --version 1, V2 RSA/ECDSA use --version 2.
+    if sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_SECURE_SIGNED_APPS_ECDSA_SCHEME") == "y":
+        sign_version = "1"
+    else:
+        sign_version = "2"
 
     firmware_name = os.path.basename(env.subst("$PROGNAME")) + ".bin"
     firmware_path = build_dir / firmware_name
@@ -217,6 +329,11 @@ def esp32_copy_ota_bin(source, target, env):
     print(f"Copied firmware to {new_file_name}")
 
 
+# Generate V1 ECDSA verification key files before build starts.
+# Workaround for PlatformIO not executing CMake custom commands that extract
+# the public key and generate the .S assembly file for Secure Boot V1.
+_generate_v1_verification_key(env)  # noqa: F821
+
 # Run signing first, then merge, then ota copy
 env.AddPostAction("$BUILD_DIR/${PROGNAME}.bin", sign_firmware)  # noqa: F821
 env.AddPostAction("$BUILD_DIR/${PROGNAME}.bin", merge_factory_bin)  # noqa: F821

esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_USE_PSRAM
 from esphome.components.esp32 import add_idf_sdkconfig_option, const, get_esp32_variant
 from esphome.components.esp32.const import VARIANT_ESP32C2
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -342,6 +343,9 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
         cv.Optional(CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS, default=DEFAULT_MAX_CONNECTIONS): cv.All(
             cv.positive_int, cv.Range(min=1, max=IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS)
         ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_USE_PSRAM): cv.All(
+            cv.only_on_esp32, cv.requires_component("psram"), cv.boolean
+        ),
     }
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
@@ -598,6 +602,22 @@ async def to_code(config):
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_BT_ENABLED", True)
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_BT_BLE_42_FEATURES_SUPPORTED", True)
 
+    # When PSRAM and BT are used together, Bluedroid should prefer SPIRAM for
+    # heap allocations and use dynamic (heap-based) environment memory tables
+    # instead of large static DRAM arrays. This frees ~40 kB of internal RAM.
+    # Reference: Espressif ADF Design Considerations
+    # https://espressif-docs.readthedocs-hosted.com/projects/esp-adf/en/latest/
+    #            design-guide/design-considerations.html
+    if config.get(CONF_USE_PSRAM, False):
+        cg.add_define("USE_ESP32_BLE_PSRAM")
+        # CONFIG_BT_ALLOCATION_FROM_SPIRAM_FIRST is only available on ESP32
+        # (BTDM dual-mode controller). BLE-only SoCs (C3, S3, C2, H2) do not
+        # expose this Kconfig symbol; applying it there would cause a build error.
+        if get_esp32_variant() == const.VARIANT_ESP32:
+            add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_BT_ALLOCATION_FROM_SPIRAM_FIRST", True)
+        # CONFIG_BT_BLE_DYNAMIC_ENV_MEMORY applies to all Bluedroid-enabled variants.
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_BT_BLE_DYNAMIC_ENV_MEMORY", True)
+
     # Register the core BLE loggers that are always needed
     register_bt_logger(BTLoggers.GAP, BTLoggers.BTM, BTLoggers.HCI)
 

esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp

@@ -257,11 +257,9 @@ bool ESP32BLE::ble_setup_() {
 
   if (this->name_ != nullptr) {
     if (App.is_name_add_mac_suffix_enabled()) {
-      // MAC address length: 12 hex chars + null terminator
-      constexpr size_t mac_address_len = 13;
       // MAC address suffix length (last 6 characters of 12-char MAC address string)
       constexpr size_t mac_address_suffix_len = 6;
-      char mac_addr[mac_address_len];
+      char mac_addr[MAC_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
       get_mac_address_into_buffer(mac_addr);
       const char *mac_suffix_ptr = mac_addr + mac_address_suffix_len;
       make_name_with_suffix_to(name_buffer, sizeof(name_buffer), this->name_, strlen(this->name_), '-', mac_suffix_ptr,
@@ -667,6 +665,9 @@ void ESP32BLE::dump_config() {
                   "  MAC address: %s\n"
                   "  IO Capability: %s",
                   mac_s, io_capability_s);
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_PSRAM
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  PSRAM BLE allocation: enabled");
+#endif
 
 #ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_EXTENDED_AUTH_PARAMS
     const char *auth_req_mode_s = "<default>";

esphome/components/esphome/ota/__init__.py

@@ -150,10 +150,14 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_port(config[CONF_PORT]))
 
-    # Password could be set to an empty string and we can assume that means no password
-    if config.get(CONF_PASSWORD):
-        cg.add(var.set_auth_password(config[CONF_PASSWORD]))
+    # Compile the auth path whenever `password:` is present in YAML, even if empty.
+    # An empty password opts in to the auth code path so set_auth_password() can be
+    # called at runtime (e.g. to rotate the password from a lambda). When `password:`
+    # is omitted entirely, the auth path is excluded to save flash on small devices.
+    if CONF_PASSWORD in config:
         cg.add_define("USE_OTA_PASSWORD")
+        if config[CONF_PASSWORD]:
+            cg.add(var.set_auth_password(config[CONF_PASSWORD]))
     cg.add_define("USE_OTA_VERSION", config[CONF_VERSION])
     # Build flag so lwip_fast_select.c (a .c file that can't include defines.h) sees it.
     cg.add_build_flag("-DUSE_OTA_PLATFORM_ESPHOME")

esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.h

@@ -28,6 +28,14 @@ class ESPHomeOTAComponent final : public ota::OTAComponent {
   };
 #ifdef USE_OTA_PASSWORD
   void set_auth_password(const std::string &password) { password_ = password; }
+#else
+  // Stub so lambdas referencing set_auth_password() produce a clear error instead of
+  // a cryptic "no member" diagnostic. Only fires if the stub is actually instantiated.
+  template<bool B = false> void set_auth_password(const std::string &) {
+    static_assert(B, "set_auth_password() requires the OTA auth path to be compiled. "
+                     "Add 'password: \"\"' (empty string) to your 'ota: - platform: esphome' "
+                     "config to enable runtime password rotation.");
+  }
 #endif  // USE_OTA_PASSWORD
 
   /// Manually set the port OTA should listen on

esphome/components/http_request/http_request.cpp

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ void HttpRequestComponent::dump_config() {
 }
 
 std::string HttpContainer::get_response_header(const std::string &header_name) {
-  auto lower = str_lower_case(header_name);
+  auto lower = str_lower_case(header_name);  // NOLINT
   for (const auto &entry : this->response_headers_) {
     if (entry.name == lower) {
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Header with name %s found with value %s", lower.c_str(), entry.value.c_str());

esphome/components/http_request/http_request.h

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#include "esphome/core/alloc_helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
@@ -400,7 +401,7 @@ class HttpRequestComponent : public Component {
     std::vector<std::string> lower;
     lower.reserve(collect_headers.size());
     for (const auto &h : collect_headers) {
-      lower.push_back(str_lower_case(h));
+      lower.push_back(str_lower_case(h));  // NOLINT
     }
     return this->perform(url, method, body, request_headers, lower);
   }
@@ -415,7 +416,7 @@ class HttpRequestComponent : public Component {
     std::vector<std::string> lower;
     lower.reserve(collect_headers.size());
     for (const auto &h : collect_headers) {
-      lower.push_back(str_lower_case(h));
+      lower.push_back(str_lower_case(h));  // NOLINT
     }
     return this->perform(url, method, body, std::vector<Header>(request_headers.begin(), request_headers.end()), lower);
   }

esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.cpp

@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestArduino::perform(const std::string &ur
   container->response_headers_.clear();
   auto header_count = container->client_.headers();
   for (int i = 0; i < header_count; i++) {
-    const std::string header_name = str_lower_case(container->client_.headerName(i).c_str());
+    const std::string header_name = str_lower_case(container->client_.headerName(i).c_str());  // NOLINT
     if (should_collect_header(lower_case_collect_headers, header_name)) {
       std::string header_value = container->client_.header(i).c_str();
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Received response header, name: %s, value: %s", header_name.c_str(), header_value.c_str());

esphome/components/http_request/http_request_host.cpp

@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestHost::perform(const std::string &url,
   container->content_length = container->response_body_.size();
   for (auto header : response.headers) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Header: %s: %s", header.first.c_str(), header.second.c_str());
-    auto lower_name = str_lower_case(header.first);
+    auto lower_name = str_lower_case(header.first);  // NOLINT
     if (should_collect_header(lower_case_collect_headers, lower_name)) {
       container->response_headers_.push_back({lower_name, header.second});
     }

esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.cpp

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ esp_err_t HttpRequestIDF::http_event_handler(esp_http_client_event_t *evt) {
 
   switch (evt->event_id) {
     case HTTP_EVENT_ON_HEADER: {
-      const std::string header_name = str_lower_case(evt->header_key);
+      const std::string header_name = str_lower_case(evt->header_key);  // NOLINT
       if (should_collect_header(user_data->lower_case_collect_headers, header_name)) {
         const std::string header_value = evt->header_value;
         ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Received response header, name: %s, value: %s", header_name.c_str(), header_value.c_str());

esphome/components/i2s_audio/speaker/__init__.py

@@ -33,13 +33,16 @@ AUTO_LOAD = ["audio"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz", "@kahrendt"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2s_audio"]
 
-I2SAudioSpeaker = i2s_audio_ns.class_(
-    "I2SAudioSpeaker", cg.Component, speaker.Speaker, I2SAudioOut
+I2SAudioSpeakerBase = i2s_audio_ns.class_(
+    "I2SAudioSpeakerBase", cg.Component, speaker.Speaker, I2SAudioOut
 )
+I2SAudioSpeaker = i2s_audio_ns.class_("I2SAudioSpeaker", I2SAudioSpeakerBase)
 
 CONF_DAC_TYPE = "dac_type"
 CONF_I2S_COMM_FMT = "i2s_comm_fmt"
 
+I2SCommFmt = i2s_audio_ns.enum("I2SCommFmt", is_class=True)
+
 i2s_dac_mode_t = cg.global_ns.enum("i2s_dac_mode_t")
 INTERNAL_DAC_OPTIONS = {
     CONF_LEFT: i2s_dac_mode_t.I2S_DAC_CHANNEL_LEFT_EN,
@@ -183,11 +186,11 @@ async def to_code(config):
     await speaker.register_speaker(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_dout_pin(config[CONF_I2S_DOUT_PIN]))
-    fmt = "std"  # equals stand_i2s, stand_pcm_long, i2s_msb, pcm_long
+    fmt = I2SCommFmt.STANDARD  # equals stand_i2s, stand_pcm_long, i2s_msb, pcm_long
     if config[CONF_I2S_COMM_FMT] in ["stand_msb", "i2s_lsb"]:
-        fmt = "msb"
+        fmt = I2SCommFmt.MSB
     elif config[CONF_I2S_COMM_FMT] in ["stand_pcm_short", "pcm_short", "pcm"]:
-        fmt = "pcm"
+        fmt = I2SCommFmt.PCM
     cg.add(var.set_i2s_comm_fmt(fmt))
     if config[CONF_TIMEOUT] != CONF_NEVER:
         cg.add(var.set_timeout(config[CONF_TIMEOUT]))

esphome/components/i2s_audio/speaker/i2s_audio_speaker.cpp

@@ -13,36 +13,10 @@
 
 #include "esp_timer.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace i2s_audio {
-
-static const uint32_t DMA_BUFFER_DURATION_MS = 15;
-static const size_t DMA_BUFFERS_COUNT = 4;
-
-static const size_t TASK_STACK_SIZE = 4096;
-static const ssize_t TASK_PRIORITY = 19;
-
-static const size_t I2S_EVENT_QUEUE_COUNT = DMA_BUFFERS_COUNT + 1;
+namespace esphome::i2s_audio {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "i2s_audio.speaker";
 
-enum SpeakerEventGroupBits : uint32_t {
-  COMMAND_START = (1 << 0),            // indicates loop should start speaker task
-  COMMAND_STOP = (1 << 1),             // stops the speaker task
-  COMMAND_STOP_GRACEFULLY = (1 << 2),  // Stops the speaker task once all data has been written
-
-  TASK_STARTING = (1 << 10),
-  TASK_RUNNING = (1 << 11),
-  TASK_STOPPING = (1 << 12),
-  TASK_STOPPED = (1 << 13),
-
-  ERR_ESP_NO_MEM = (1 << 19),
-
-  WARN_DROPPED_EVENT = (1 << 20),
-
-  ALL_BITS = 0x00FFFFFF,  // All valid FreeRTOS event group bits
-};
-
 // Lists the Q15 fixed point scaling factor for volume reduction.
 // Has 100 values representing silence and a reduction [49, 48.5, ... 0.5, 0] dB.
 // dB to PCM scaling factor formula: floating_point_scale_factor = 2^(-db/6.014)
@@ -56,17 +30,21 @@ static const std::vector<int16_t> Q15_VOLUME_SCALING_FACTORS = {
     8218,  8706,  9222,  9770,  10349, 10963, 11613, 12302, 13032, 13805, 14624, 15491, 16410, 17384, 18415,
     19508, 20665, 21891, 23189, 24565, 26022, 27566, 29201, 30933, 32767};
 
-void I2SAudioSpeaker::setup() {
+void I2SAudioSpeakerBase::setup() {
   this->event_group_ = xEventGroupCreate();
 
   if (this->event_group_ == nullptr) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to create event group");
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Event group creation failed");
     this->mark_failed();
     return;
   }
+
+  // Initialize volume control. When audio_dac is configured, this sets the DAC volume.
+  // When no audio_dac is configured, this initializes software volume control.
+  this->set_volume(this->volume_);
 }
 
-void I2SAudioSpeaker::dump_config() {
+void I2SAudioSpeakerBase::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "Speaker:\n"
                 "  Pin: %d\n"
@@ -75,10 +53,9 @@ void I2SAudioSpeaker::dump_config() {
   if (this->timeout_.has_value()) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Timeout: %" PRIu32 " ms", this->timeout_.value());
   }
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Communication format: %s", this->i2s_comm_fmt_.c_str());
 }
 
-void I2SAudioSpeaker::loop() {
+void I2SAudioSpeakerBase::loop() {
   uint32_t event_group_bits = xEventGroupGetBits(this->event_group_);
 
   if ((event_group_bits & SpeakerEventGroupBits::COMMAND_START) && (this->state_ == speaker::STATE_STOPPED)) {
@@ -92,12 +69,12 @@ void I2SAudioSpeaker::loop() {
     xEventGroupClearBits(this->event_group_, SpeakerEventGroupBits::TASK_STARTING);
   }
   if (event_group_bits & SpeakerEventGroupBits::TASK_RUNNING) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Started");
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Started");
     xEventGroupClearBits(this->event_group_, SpeakerEventGroupBits::TASK_RUNNING);
     this->state_ = speaker::STATE_RUNNING;
   }
   if (event_group_bits & SpeakerEventGroupBits::TASK_STOPPING) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Stopping");
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Stopping");
     xEventGroupClearBits(this->event_group_, SpeakerEventGroupBits::TASK_STOPPING);
     this->state_ = speaker::STATE_STOPPING;
   }
@@ -111,10 +88,12 @@ void I2SAudioSpeaker::loop() {
     xEventGroupClearBits(this->event_group_, SpeakerEventGroupBits::ALL_BITS);
     this->status_clear_error();
 
+    this->on_task_stopped();
+
     this->state_ = speaker::STATE_STOPPED;
   }
 
-  // Log any errors encounted by the task
+  // Log any errors encountered by the task
   if (event_group_bits & SpeakerEventGroupBits::ERR_ESP_NO_MEM) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Not enough memory");
     xEventGroupClearBits(this->event_group_, SpeakerEventGroupBits::ERR_ESP_NO_MEM);
@@ -133,14 +112,14 @@ void I2SAudioSpeaker::loop() {
         break;
       }
 
-      if (this->start_i2s_driver_(this->audio_stream_info_) != ESP_OK) {
+      if (this->start_i2s_driver(this->audio_stream_info_) != ESP_OK) {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Driver failed to start; retrying in 1 second");
-        this->status_momentary_error("driver-faiure", 1000);
+        this->status_momentary_error("driver-failure", 1000);
         break;
       }
 
       if (this->speaker_task_handle_ == nullptr) {
-        xTaskCreate(I2SAudioSpeaker::speaker_task, "speaker_task", TASK_STACK_SIZE, (void *) this, TASK_PRIORITY,
+        xTaskCreate(I2SAudioSpeakerBase::speaker_task, "speaker_task", TASK_STACK_SIZE, (void *) this, TASK_PRIORITY,
                     &this->speaker_task_handle_);
 
         if (this->speaker_task_handle_ == nullptr) {
@@ -157,7 +136,7 @@ void I2SAudioSpeaker::loop() {
   }
 }
 
-void I2SAudioSpeaker::set_volume(float volume) {
+void I2SAudioSpeakerBase::set_volume(float volume) {
   this->volume_ = volume;
 #ifdef USE_AUDIO_DAC
   if (this->audio_dac_ != nullptr) {
@@ -166,15 +145,21 @@ void I2SAudioSpeaker::set_volume(float volume) {
     }
     this->audio_dac_->set_volume(volume);
   } else
-#endif
+#endif  // USE_AUDIO_DAC
   {
-    // Fallback to software volume control by using a Q15 fixed point scaling factor
-    ssize_t decibel_index = remap<ssize_t, float>(volume, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0, Q15_VOLUME_SCALING_FACTORS.size() - 1);
-    this->q15_volume_factor_ = Q15_VOLUME_SCALING_FACTORS[decibel_index];
+    // Fallback to software volume control by using a Q15 fixed point scaling factor.
+    // At maximum volume (1.0), set to INT16_MAX to completely bypass volume processing
+    // and avoid any floating-point precision issues that could cause slight volume reduction.
+    if (volume >= 1.0f) {
+      this->q15_volume_factor_ = INT16_MAX;
+    } else {
+      ssize_t decibel_index = remap<ssize_t, float>(volume, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0, Q15_VOLUME_SCALING_FACTORS.size() - 1);
+      this->q15_volume_factor_ = Q15_VOLUME_SCALING_FACTORS[decibel_index];
+    }
   }
 }
 
-void I2SAudioSpeaker::set_mute_state(bool mute_state) {
+void I2SAudioSpeakerBase::set_mute_state(bool mute_state) {
   this->mute_state_ = mute_state;
 #ifdef USE_AUDIO_DAC
   if (this->audio_dac_) {
@@ -184,7 +169,7 @@ void I2SAudioSpeaker::set_mute_state(bool mute_state) {
       this->audio_dac_->set_mute_off();
     }
   } else
-#endif
+#endif  // USE_AUDIO_DAC
   {
     if (mute_state) {
       // Fallback to software volume control and scale by 0
@@ -196,11 +181,12 @@ void I2SAudioSpeaker::set_mute_state(bool mute_state) {
   }
 }
 
-size_t I2SAudioSpeaker::play(const uint8_t *data, size_t length, TickType_t ticks_to_wait) {
+size_t I2SAudioSpeakerBase::play(const uint8_t *data, size_t length, TickType_t ticks_to_wait) {
   if (this->is_failed()) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Setup failed; cannot play audio");
     return 0;
   }
+
   if (this->state_ != speaker::STATE_RUNNING && this->state_ != speaker::STATE_STARTING) {
     this->start();
   }
@@ -214,8 +200,8 @@ size_t I2SAudioSpeaker::play(const uint8_t *data, size_t length, TickType_t tick
   size_t bytes_written = 0;
   if (this->state_ == speaker::STATE_RUNNING) {
     std::shared_ptr<RingBuffer> temp_ring_buffer = this->audio_ring_buffer_.lock();
-    if (temp_ring_buffer.use_count() == 2) {
-      // Only the speaker task and this temp_ring_buffer own the ring buffer, so its safe to write to
+    if (temp_ring_buffer != nullptr) {
+      // The weak_ptr locks successfully only while the speaker task owns the ring buffer, so it is safe to write
       bytes_written = temp_ring_buffer->write_without_replacement((void *) data, length, ticks_to_wait);
     }
   }
@@ -223,7 +209,7 @@ size_t I2SAudioSpeaker::play(const uint8_t *data, size_t length, TickType_t tick
   return bytes_written;
 }
 
-bool I2SAudioSpeaker::has_buffered_data() const {
+bool I2SAudioSpeakerBase::has_buffered_data() const {
   if (this->audio_ring_buffer_.use_count() > 0) {
     std::shared_ptr<RingBuffer> temp_ring_buffer = this->audio_ring_buffer_.lock();
     return temp_ring_buffer->available() > 0;
@@ -231,216 +217,27 @@ bool I2SAudioSpeaker::has_buffered_data() const {
   return false;
 }
 
-void I2SAudioSpeaker::speaker_task(void *params) {
-  I2SAudioSpeaker *this_speaker = (I2SAudioSpeaker *) params;
-
-  xEventGroupSetBits(this_speaker->event_group_, SpeakerEventGroupBits::TASK_STARTING);
-
-  const uint32_t dma_buffers_duration_ms = DMA_BUFFER_DURATION_MS * DMA_BUFFERS_COUNT;
-  // Ensure ring buffer duration is at least the duration of all DMA buffers
-  const uint32_t ring_buffer_duration = std::max(dma_buffers_duration_ms, this_speaker->buffer_duration_ms_);
-
-  // The DMA buffers may have more bits per sample, so calculate buffer sizes based in the input audio stream info
-  const size_t ring_buffer_size = this_speaker->current_stream_info_.ms_to_bytes(ring_buffer_duration);
-
-  const uint32_t frames_to_fill_single_dma_buffer =
-      this_speaker->current_stream_info_.ms_to_frames(DMA_BUFFER_DURATION_MS);
-  const size_t bytes_to_fill_single_dma_buffer =
-      this_speaker->current_stream_info_.frames_to_bytes(frames_to_fill_single_dma_buffer);
-
-  bool successful_setup = false;
-  std::unique_ptr<audio::AudioSourceTransferBuffer> transfer_buffer =
-      audio::AudioSourceTransferBuffer::create(bytes_to_fill_single_dma_buffer);
-
-  if (transfer_buffer != nullptr) {
-    std::shared_ptr<RingBuffer> temp_ring_buffer = RingBuffer::create(ring_buffer_size);
-    if (temp_ring_buffer.use_count() == 1) {
-      transfer_buffer->set_source(temp_ring_buffer);
-      this_speaker->audio_ring_buffer_ = temp_ring_buffer;
-      successful_setup = true;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (!successful_setup) {
-    xEventGroupSetBits(this_speaker->event_group_, SpeakerEventGroupBits::ERR_ESP_NO_MEM);
-  } else {
-    bool stop_gracefully = false;
-    bool tx_dma_underflow = true;
-
-    uint32_t frames_written = 0;
-    uint32_t last_data_received_time = millis();
-
-    xEventGroupSetBits(this_speaker->event_group_, SpeakerEventGroupBits::TASK_RUNNING);
-
-    while (this_speaker->pause_state_ || !this_speaker->timeout_.has_value() ||
-           (millis() - last_data_received_time) <= this_speaker->timeout_.value()) {
-      uint32_t event_group_bits = xEventGroupGetBits(this_speaker->event_group_);
-
-      if (event_group_bits & SpeakerEventGroupBits::COMMAND_STOP) {
-        xEventGroupClearBits(this_speaker->event_group_, SpeakerEventGroupBits::COMMAND_STOP);
-        break;
-      }
-      if (event_group_bits & SpeakerEventGroupBits::COMMAND_STOP_GRACEFULLY) {
-        xEventGroupClearBits(this_speaker->event_group_, SpeakerEventGroupBits::COMMAND_STOP_GRACEFULLY);
-        stop_gracefully = true;
-      }
-
-      if (this_speaker->audio_stream_info_ != this_speaker->current_stream_info_) {
-        // Audio stream info changed, stop the speaker task so it will restart with the proper settings.
-        break;
-      }
-      int64_t write_timestamp;
-      while (xQueueReceive(this_speaker->i2s_event_queue_, &write_timestamp, 0)) {
-        // Receives timing events from the I2S on_sent callback. If actual audio data was sent in this event, it passes
-        // on the timing info via the audio_output_callback.
-        uint32_t frames_sent = frames_to_fill_single_dma_buffer;
-        if (frames_to_fill_single_dma_buffer > frames_written) {
-          tx_dma_underflow = true;
-          frames_sent = frames_written;
-          const uint32_t frames_zeroed = frames_to_fill_single_dma_buffer - frames_written;
-          write_timestamp -= this_speaker->current_stream_info_.frames_to_microseconds(frames_zeroed);
-        } else {
-          tx_dma_underflow = false;
-        }
-        frames_written -= frames_sent;
-        if (frames_sent > 0) {
-          this_speaker->audio_output_callback_(frames_sent, write_timestamp);
-        }
-      }
-
-      if (this_speaker->pause_state_) {
-        // Pause state is accessed atomically, so thread safe
-        // Delay so the task yields, then skip transferring audio data
-        vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(DMA_BUFFER_DURATION_MS));
-        continue;
-      }
-
-      // Wait half the duration of the data already written to the DMA buffers for new audio data
-      // The millisecond helper modifies the frames_written variable, so use the microsecond helper and divide by 1000
-      const uint32_t read_delay =
-          (this_speaker->current_stream_info_.frames_to_microseconds(frames_written) / 1000) / 2;
-
-      size_t bytes_read = transfer_buffer->transfer_data_from_source(pdMS_TO_TICKS(read_delay));
-      uint8_t *new_data = transfer_buffer->get_buffer_end() - bytes_read;
-
-      if (bytes_read > 0) {
-        if (this_speaker->q15_volume_factor_ < INT16_MAX) {
-          // Apply the software volume adjustment by unpacking the sample into a Q31 fixed-point number, shifting it,
-          // multiplying by the volume factor, and packing the sample back into the original bytes per sample.
-
-          const size_t bytes_per_sample = this_speaker->current_stream_info_.samples_to_bytes(1);
-          const uint32_t len = bytes_read / bytes_per_sample;
-
-          // Use Q16 for samples with 1 or 2 bytes: shifted_sample * gain_factor is Q16 * Q15 -> Q31
-          int32_t shift = 15;                                      // Q31 -> Q16
-          int32_t gain_factor = this_speaker->q15_volume_factor_;  // Q15
-
-          if (bytes_per_sample >= 3) {
-            // Use Q23 for samples with 3 or 4 bytes: shifted_sample * gain_factor is Q23 * Q8 -> Q31
-
-            shift = 8;          // Q31 -> Q23
-            gain_factor >>= 7;  // Q15 -> Q8
-          }
-
-          for (uint32_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
-            int32_t sample =
-                audio::unpack_audio_sample_to_q31(&new_data[i * bytes_per_sample], bytes_per_sample);  // Q31
-            sample >>= shift;
-            sample *= gain_factor;  // Q31
-            audio::pack_q31_as_audio_sample(sample, &new_data[i * bytes_per_sample], bytes_per_sample);
-          }
-        }
-
-#ifdef USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32
-        // For ESP32 16-bit mono mode, adjacent samples need to be swapped.
-        if (this_speaker->current_stream_info_.get_channels() == 1 &&
-            this_speaker->current_stream_info_.get_bits_per_sample() == 16) {
-          int16_t *samples = reinterpret_cast<int16_t *>(new_data);
-          size_t sample_count = bytes_read / sizeof(int16_t);
-          for (size_t i = 0; i + 1 < sample_count; i += 2) {
-            int16_t tmp = samples[i];
-            samples[i] = samples[i + 1];
-            samples[i + 1] = tmp;
-          }
-        }
-#endif
-      }
-
-      if (transfer_buffer->available() == 0) {
-        if (stop_gracefully && tx_dma_underflow) {
-          break;
-        }
-        vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(DMA_BUFFER_DURATION_MS / 2));
-      } else {
-        size_t bytes_written = 0;
-        if (tx_dma_underflow) {
-          // Temporarily disable channel and callback to reset the I2S driver's internal DMA buffer queue so timing
-          // callbacks are accurate. Preload the data.
-          i2s_channel_disable(this_speaker->tx_handle_);
-          const i2s_event_callbacks_t callbacks = {
-              .on_sent = nullptr,
-          };
-
-          i2s_channel_register_event_callback(this_speaker->tx_handle_, &callbacks, this_speaker);
-          i2s_channel_preload_data(this_speaker->tx_handle_, transfer_buffer->get_buffer_start(),
-                                   transfer_buffer->available(), &bytes_written);
-        } else {
-          // Audio is already playing, use regular I2S write to add to the DMA buffers
-          i2s_channel_write(this_speaker->tx_handle_, transfer_buffer->get_buffer_start(), transfer_buffer->available(),
-                            &bytes_written, DMA_BUFFER_DURATION_MS);
-        }
-        if (bytes_written > 0) {
-          last_data_received_time = millis();
-          frames_written += this_speaker->current_stream_info_.bytes_to_frames(bytes_written);
-          transfer_buffer->decrease_buffer_length(bytes_written);
-          if (tx_dma_underflow) {
-            tx_dma_underflow = false;
-            // Reset the event queue timestamps
-            // Enable the on_sent callback to accurately track the timestamps of played audio
-            // Enable the I2S channel to start sending the preloaded audio
-
-            xQueueReset(this_speaker->i2s_event_queue_);
-
-            const i2s_event_callbacks_t callbacks = {
-                .on_sent = i2s_on_sent_cb,
-            };
-            i2s_channel_register_event_callback(this_speaker->tx_handle_, &callbacks, this_speaker);
-
-            i2s_channel_enable(this_speaker->tx_handle_);
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  xEventGroupSetBits(this_speaker->event_group_, SpeakerEventGroupBits::TASK_STOPPING);
-
-  if (transfer_buffer != nullptr) {
-    transfer_buffer.reset();
-  }
-
-  xEventGroupSetBits(this_speaker->event_group_, SpeakerEventGroupBits::TASK_STOPPED);
-
-  while (true) {
-    // Continuously delay until the loop method deletes the task
-    vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(10));
-  }
+void I2SAudioSpeakerBase::speaker_task(void *params) {
+  I2SAudioSpeakerBase *this_speaker = (I2SAudioSpeakerBase *) params;
+  this_speaker->run_speaker_task();
 }
 
-void I2SAudioSpeaker::start() {
+void I2SAudioSpeakerBase::start() {
   if (!this->is_ready() || this->is_failed() || this->status_has_error())
     return;
   if ((this->state_ == speaker::STATE_STARTING) || (this->state_ == speaker::STATE_RUNNING))
     return;
 
+  // Mark STARTING immediately to avoid transient STOPPED observations before loop() processes COMMAND_START.
+  this->state_ = speaker::STATE_STARTING;
   xEventGroupSetBits(this->event_group_, SpeakerEventGroupBits::COMMAND_START);
 }
 
-void I2SAudioSpeaker::stop() { this->stop_(false); }
+void I2SAudioSpeakerBase::stop() { this->stop_(false); }
 
-void I2SAudioSpeaker::finish() { this->stop_(true); }
+void I2SAudioSpeakerBase::finish() { this->stop_(true); }
 
-void I2SAudioSpeaker::stop_(bool wait_on_empty) {
+void I2SAudioSpeakerBase::stop_(bool wait_on_empty) {
   if (this->is_failed())
     return;
   if (this->state_ == speaker::STATE_STOPPED)
@@ -453,105 +250,16 @@ void I2SAudioSpeaker::stop_(bool wait_on_empty) {
   }
 }
 
-esp_err_t I2SAudioSpeaker::start_i2s_driver_(audio::AudioStreamInfo &audio_stream_info) {
-  this->current_stream_info_ = audio_stream_info;  // store the stream info settings the driver will use
-
-  if ((this->i2s_role_ & I2S_ROLE_SLAVE) && (this->sample_rate_ != audio_stream_info.get_sample_rate())) {  // NOLINT
-    // Can't reconfigure I2S bus, so the sample rate must match the configured value
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Audio stream settings are not compatible with this I2S configuration");
-    return ESP_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
-  }
-
-  if (this->slot_bit_width_ != I2S_SLOT_BIT_WIDTH_AUTO &&
-      (i2s_slot_bit_width_t) audio_stream_info.get_bits_per_sample() > this->slot_bit_width_) {
-    // Currently can't handle the case when the incoming audio has more bits per sample than the configured value
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Audio streams with more bits per sample than the I2S speaker's configuration is not supported");
-    return ESP_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
-  }
-
-  if (!this->parent_->try_lock()) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Parent I2S bus not free");
-    return ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE;
-  }
-
-  uint32_t dma_buffer_length = audio_stream_info.ms_to_frames(DMA_BUFFER_DURATION_MS);
-
-  i2s_chan_config_t chan_cfg = {
-      .id = this->parent_->get_port(),
-      .role = this->i2s_role_,
-      .dma_desc_num = DMA_BUFFERS_COUNT,
-      .dma_frame_num = dma_buffer_length,
-      .auto_clear = true,
-      .intr_priority = 3,
-  };
-  /* Allocate a new TX channel and get the handle of this channel */
+esp_err_t I2SAudioSpeakerBase::init_i2s_channel_(const i2s_chan_config_t &chan_cfg, const i2s_std_config_t &std_cfg,
+                                                 size_t event_queue_size) {
   esp_err_t err = i2s_new_channel(&chan_cfg, &this->tx_handle_, NULL);
   if (err != ESP_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to allocate new I2S channel");
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "I2S channel allocation failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
     this->parent_->unlock();
     return err;
   }
 
-  i2s_clock_src_t clk_src = I2S_CLK_SRC_DEFAULT;
-#ifdef I2S_CLK_SRC_APLL
-  if (this->use_apll_) {
-    clk_src = I2S_CLK_SRC_APLL;
-  }
-#endif
-  i2s_std_gpio_config_t pin_config = this->parent_->get_pin_config();
-
-  i2s_std_clk_config_t clk_cfg = {
-      .sample_rate_hz = audio_stream_info.get_sample_rate(),
-      .clk_src = clk_src,
-      .mclk_multiple = this->mclk_multiple_,
-  };
-
-  i2s_slot_mode_t slot_mode = this->slot_mode_;
-  i2s_std_slot_mask_t slot_mask = this->std_slot_mask_;
-  if (audio_stream_info.get_channels() == 1) {
-    slot_mode = I2S_SLOT_MODE_MONO;
-  } else if (audio_stream_info.get_channels() == 2) {
-    slot_mode = I2S_SLOT_MODE_STEREO;
-    slot_mask = I2S_STD_SLOT_BOTH;
-  }
-
-  i2s_std_slot_config_t std_slot_cfg;
-  if (this->i2s_comm_fmt_ == "std") {
-    std_slot_cfg =
-        I2S_STD_PHILIPS_SLOT_DEFAULT_CONFIG((i2s_data_bit_width_t) audio_stream_info.get_bits_per_sample(), slot_mode);
-  } else if (this->i2s_comm_fmt_ == "pcm") {
-    std_slot_cfg =
-        I2S_STD_PCM_SLOT_DEFAULT_CONFIG((i2s_data_bit_width_t) audio_stream_info.get_bits_per_sample(), slot_mode);
-  } else {
-    std_slot_cfg =
-        I2S_STD_MSB_SLOT_DEFAULT_CONFIG((i2s_data_bit_width_t) audio_stream_info.get_bits_per_sample(), slot_mode);
-  }
-#ifdef USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32
-  // There seems to be a bug on the ESP32 (non-variant) platform where setting the slot bit width higher then the bits
-  // per sample causes the audio to play too fast. Setting the ws_width to the configured slot bit width seems to
-  // make it play at the correct speed while sending more bits per slot.
-  if (this->slot_bit_width_ != I2S_SLOT_BIT_WIDTH_AUTO) {
-    uint32_t configured_bit_width = static_cast<uint32_t>(this->slot_bit_width_);
-    std_slot_cfg.ws_width = configured_bit_width;
-    if (configured_bit_width > 16) {
-      std_slot_cfg.msb_right = false;
-    }
-  }
-#else
-  std_slot_cfg.slot_bit_width = this->slot_bit_width_;
-#endif
-  std_slot_cfg.slot_mask = slot_mask;
-
-  pin_config.dout = this->dout_pin_;
-
-  i2s_std_config_t std_cfg = {
-      .clk_cfg = clk_cfg,
-      .slot_cfg = std_slot_cfg,
-      .gpio_cfg = pin_config,
-  };
-  /* Initialize the channel */
   err = i2s_channel_init_std_mode(this->tx_handle_, &std_cfg);
-
   if (err != ESP_OK) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to initialize channel");
     i2s_del_channel(this->tx_handle_);
@@ -559,23 +267,34 @@ esp_err_t I2SAudioSpeaker::start_i2s_driver_(audio::AudioStreamInfo &audio_strea
     this->parent_->unlock();
     return err;
   }
+
   if (this->i2s_event_queue_ == nullptr) {
-    this->i2s_event_queue_ = xQueueCreate(I2S_EVENT_QUEUE_COUNT, sizeof(int64_t));
+    this->i2s_event_queue_ = xQueueCreate(event_queue_size, sizeof(int64_t));
+  } else {
+    // Reset queue to clear any stale events from previous task
+    xQueueReset(this->i2s_event_queue_);
   }
 
-  i2s_channel_enable(this->tx_handle_);
-
-  return err;
+  return ESP_OK;
 }
 
-bool IRAM_ATTR I2SAudioSpeaker::i2s_on_sent_cb(i2s_chan_handle_t handle, i2s_event_data_t *event, void *user_ctx) {
+void I2SAudioSpeakerBase::stop_i2s_driver_() {
+  if (this->tx_handle_ != nullptr) {
+    i2s_channel_disable(this->tx_handle_);
+    i2s_del_channel(this->tx_handle_);
+    this->tx_handle_ = nullptr;
+  }
+  this->parent_->unlock();
+}
+
+bool IRAM_ATTR I2SAudioSpeakerBase::i2s_on_sent_cb(i2s_chan_handle_t handle, i2s_event_data_t *event, void *user_ctx) {
   int64_t now = esp_timer_get_time();
 
   BaseType_t need_yield1 = pdFALSE;
   BaseType_t need_yield2 = pdFALSE;
   BaseType_t need_yield3 = pdFALSE;
 
-  I2SAudioSpeaker *this_speaker = (I2SAudioSpeaker *) user_ctx;
+  I2SAudioSpeakerBase *this_speaker = (I2SAudioSpeakerBase *) user_ctx;
 
   if (xQueueIsQueueFullFromISR(this_speaker->i2s_event_queue_)) {
     // Queue is full, so discard the oldest event and set the warning flag to inform the user
@@ -589,14 +308,47 @@ bool IRAM_ATTR I2SAudioSpeaker::i2s_on_sent_cb(i2s_chan_handle_t handle, i2s_eve
   return need_yield1 | need_yield2 | need_yield3;
 }
 
-void I2SAudioSpeaker::stop_i2s_driver_() {
-  i2s_channel_disable(this->tx_handle_);
-  i2s_del_channel(this->tx_handle_);
-  this->tx_handle_ = nullptr;
-  this->parent_->unlock();
+void I2SAudioSpeakerBase::apply_software_volume_(uint8_t *data, size_t bytes_read) {
+  if (this->q15_volume_factor_ >= INT16_MAX) {
+    return;  // Max volume, no processing needed
+  }
+
+  const size_t bytes_per_sample = this->current_stream_info_.samples_to_bytes(1);
+  const uint32_t len = bytes_read / bytes_per_sample;
+
+  // Use Q16 for samples with 1 or 2 bytes: shifted_sample * gain_factor is Q16 * Q15 -> Q31
+  int32_t shift = 15;                              // Q31 -> Q16
+  int32_t gain_factor = this->q15_volume_factor_;  // Q15
+
+  if (bytes_per_sample >= 3) {
+    // Use Q23 for samples with 3 or 4 bytes: shifted_sample * gain_factor is Q23 * Q8 -> Q31
+    shift = 8;          // Q31 -> Q23
+    gain_factor >>= 7;  // Q15 -> Q8
+  }
+
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+    int32_t sample = audio::unpack_audio_sample_to_q31(&data[i * bytes_per_sample], bytes_per_sample);  // Q31
+    sample >>= shift;
+    sample *= gain_factor;  // Q31
+    audio::pack_q31_as_audio_sample(sample, &data[i * bytes_per_sample], bytes_per_sample);
+  }
 }
 
-}  // namespace i2s_audio
-}  // namespace esphome
+void I2SAudioSpeakerBase::swap_esp32_mono_samples_(uint8_t *data, size_t bytes_read) {
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32
+  // For ESP32 16-bit mono mode, adjacent samples need to be swapped.
+  if (this->current_stream_info_.get_channels() == 1 && this->current_stream_info_.get_bits_per_sample() == 16) {
+    int16_t *samples = reinterpret_cast<int16_t *>(data);
+    size_t sample_count = bytes_read / sizeof(int16_t);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i + 1 < sample_count; i += 2) {
+      int16_t tmp = samples[i];
+      samples[i] = samples[i + 1];
+      samples[i + 1] = tmp;
+    }
+  }
+#endif  // USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::i2s_audio
 
 #endif  // USE_ESP32

esphome/components/i2s_audio/speaker/i2s_audio_speaker.h

@@ -16,10 +16,34 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/ring_buffer.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace i2s_audio {
+namespace esphome::i2s_audio {
 
-class I2SAudioSpeaker : public I2SAudioOut, public speaker::Speaker, public Component {
+// Shared constants for I2S audio speaker implementations
+static constexpr uint32_t DMA_BUFFER_DURATION_MS = 15;
+static constexpr size_t TASK_STACK_SIZE = 4096;
+static constexpr ssize_t TASK_PRIORITY = 19;
+
+enum SpeakerEventGroupBits : uint32_t {
+  COMMAND_START = (1 << 0),            // indicates loop should start speaker task
+  COMMAND_STOP = (1 << 1),             // stops the speaker task
+  COMMAND_STOP_GRACEFULLY = (1 << 2),  // Stops the speaker task once all data has been written
+
+  TASK_STARTING = (1 << 10),
+  TASK_RUNNING = (1 << 11),
+  TASK_STOPPING = (1 << 12),
+  TASK_STOPPED = (1 << 13),
+
+  ERR_ESP_NO_MEM = (1 << 19),
+
+  WARN_DROPPED_EVENT = (1 << 20),
+
+  ALL_BITS = 0x00FFFFFF,  // All valid FreeRTOS event group bits
+};
+
+/// @brief Abstract base class for I2S audio speaker implementations.
+/// Provides shared infrastructure (event groups, ring buffer, volume control, task lifecycle)
+/// for derived I2S speaker classes.
+class I2SAudioSpeakerBase : public I2SAudioOut, public speaker::Speaker, public Component {
  public:
   float get_setup_priority() const override { return esphome::setup_priority::PROCESSOR; }
 
@@ -30,7 +54,9 @@ class I2SAudioSpeaker : public I2SAudioOut, public speaker::Speaker, public Comp
   void set_buffer_duration(uint32_t buffer_duration_ms) { this->buffer_duration_ms_ = buffer_duration_ms; }
   void set_timeout(uint32_t ms) { this->timeout_ = ms; }
   void set_dout_pin(uint8_t pin) { this->dout_pin_ = (gpio_num_t) pin; }
-  void set_i2s_comm_fmt(std::string mode) { this->i2s_comm_fmt_ = std::move(mode); }
+
+  /// @brief Get the I2S TX channel handle
+  i2s_chan_handle_t get_tx_handle() const { return this->tx_handle_; }
 
   void start() override;
   void stop() override;
@@ -63,40 +89,55 @@ class I2SAudioSpeaker : public I2SAudioOut, public speaker::Speaker, public Comp
   void set_mute_state(bool mute_state) override;
 
  protected:
-  /// @brief Function for the FreeRTOS task handling audio output.
-  /// Allocates space for the buffers, reads audio from the ring buffer and writes audio to the I2S port. Stops
-  /// immmiately after receiving the COMMAND_STOP signal and stops only after the ring buffer is empty after receiving
-  /// the COMMAND_STOP_GRACEFULLY signal. Stops if the ring buffer hasn't read data for more than timeout_ milliseconds.
-  /// When stopping, it deallocates the buffers. It communicates its state and any errors via ``event_group_``.
-  /// @param params I2SAudioSpeaker component
+  /// @brief FreeRTOS task entry point. Casts params to I2SAudioSpeakerBase and calls run_speaker_task_().
+  /// @param params I2SAudioSpeakerBase component pointer
   static void speaker_task(void *params);
 
+  /// @brief The main speaker task loop. Implemented by derived classes for mode-specific behavior.
+  virtual void run_speaker_task() = 0;
+
   /// @brief Sends a stop command to the speaker task via ``event_group_``.
   /// @param wait_on_empty If false, sends the COMMAND_STOP signal. If true, sends the COMMAND_STOP_GRACEFULLY signal.
   void stop_(bool wait_on_empty);
 
-  /// @brief Callback function used to send playback timestamps the to the speaker task.
+  /// @brief Callback function used to send playback timestamps to the speaker task.
   /// @param handle (i2s_chan_handle_t)
   /// @param event (i2s_event_data_t)
   /// @param user_ctx (void*) User context pointer that the callback accesses
   /// @return True if a higher priority task was interrupted
   static bool i2s_on_sent_cb(i2s_chan_handle_t handle, i2s_event_data_t *event, void *user_ctx);
 
-  /// @brief Starts the ESP32 I2S driver.
-  /// Attempts to lock the I2S port, starts the I2S driver using the passed in stream information, and sets the data out
-  /// pin. If it fails, it will unlock the I2S port and uninstalls the driver, if necessary.
+  /// @brief Starts the ESP32 I2S driver. Implemented by derived classes for mode-specific configuration.
   /// @param audio_stream_info Stream information for the I2S driver.
-  /// @return ESP_ERR_NOT_ALLOWED if the I2S port can't play the incoming audio stream.
-  ///         ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE if the I2S port is already locked.
-  ///         ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG if installing the driver or setting the data outpin fails due to a parameter error.
-  ///         ESP_ERR_NO_MEM if the driver fails to install due to a memory allocation error.
-  ///         ESP_FAIL if setting the data out pin fails due to an IO error
-  ///         ESP_OK if successful
-  esp_err_t start_i2s_driver_(audio::AudioStreamInfo &audio_stream_info);
+  /// @return ESP_OK if successful, or an error code
+  virtual esp_err_t start_i2s_driver(audio::AudioStreamInfo &audio_stream_info) = 0;
+
+  /// @brief Shared I2S channel allocation, initialization, and event queue setup.
+  /// Called by derived start_i2s_driver_() implementations after building mode-specific configs.
+  /// @param chan_cfg I2S channel configuration
+  /// @param std_cfg I2S standard mode configuration (clock, slot, GPIO)
+  /// @param event_queue_size Size of the event queue
+  /// @return ESP_OK if successful, or an error code. On failure, cleans up channel and unlocks parent.
+  esp_err_t init_i2s_channel_(const i2s_chan_config_t &chan_cfg, const i2s_std_config_t &std_cfg,
+                              size_t event_queue_size);
 
   /// @brief Stops the I2S driver and unlocks the I2S port
   void stop_i2s_driver_();
 
+  /// @brief Called in loop() when the task has stopped. Override for mode-specific cleanup.
+  virtual void on_task_stopped() {}
+
+  /// @brief Apply software volume control using Q15 fixed-point scaling.
+  /// @param data Pointer to audio sample data (modified in place)
+  /// @param bytes_read Number of bytes of audio data
+  void apply_software_volume_(uint8_t *data, size_t bytes_read);
+
+  /// @brief Swap adjacent 16-bit mono samples for ESP32 (non-variant) hardware quirk.
+  /// Only applies when running on original ESP32 with 16-bit mono audio.
+  /// @param data Pointer to audio sample data (modified in place)
+  /// @param bytes_read Number of bytes of audio data
+  void swap_esp32_mono_samples_(uint8_t *data, size_t bytes_read);
+
   TaskHandle_t speaker_task_handle_{nullptr};
   EventGroupHandle_t event_group_{nullptr};
 
@@ -115,11 +156,9 @@ class I2SAudioSpeaker : public I2SAudioOut, public speaker::Speaker, public Comp
   audio::AudioStreamInfo current_stream_info_;  // The currently loaded driver's stream info
 
   gpio_num_t dout_pin_;
-  std::string i2s_comm_fmt_;
-  i2s_chan_handle_t tx_handle_;
+  i2s_chan_handle_t tx_handle_{nullptr};
 };
 
-}  // namespace i2s_audio
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::i2s_audio
 
 #endif  // USE_ESP32

esphome/components/i2s_audio/speaker/i2s_audio_speaker_standard.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+#include "i2s_audio_speaker_standard.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+
+#include <driver/i2s_std.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/audio/audio.h"
+#include "esphome/components/audio/audio_transfer_buffer.h"
+
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+#include "esp_timer.h"
+
+namespace esphome::i2s_audio {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "i2s_audio.speaker.std";
+
+static constexpr size_t DMA_BUFFERS_COUNT = 4;
+static constexpr size_t I2S_EVENT_QUEUE_COUNT = DMA_BUFFERS_COUNT + 1;
+
+void I2SAudioSpeaker::dump_config() {
+  I2SAudioSpeakerBase::dump_config();
+  const char *fmt_str;
+  switch (this->i2s_comm_fmt_) {
+    case I2SCommFmt::PCM:
+      fmt_str = "pcm";
+      break;
+    case I2SCommFmt::MSB:
+      fmt_str = "msb";
+      break;
+    default:
+      fmt_str = "std";
+      break;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Communication format: %s", fmt_str);
+}
+
+void I2SAudioSpeaker::run_speaker_task() {
+  xEventGroupSetBits(this->event_group_, SpeakerEventGroupBits::TASK_STARTING);
+
+  const uint32_t dma_buffers_duration_ms = DMA_BUFFER_DURATION_MS * DMA_BUFFERS_COUNT;
+  // Ensure ring buffer duration is at least the duration of all DMA buffers
+  const uint32_t ring_buffer_duration = std::max(dma_buffers_duration_ms, this->buffer_duration_ms_);
+
+  // The DMA buffers may have more bits per sample, so calculate buffer sizes based on the input audio stream info
+  const size_t ring_buffer_size = this->current_stream_info_.ms_to_bytes(ring_buffer_duration);
+  const uint32_t frames_to_fill_single_dma_buffer = this->current_stream_info_.ms_to_frames(DMA_BUFFER_DURATION_MS);
+  const size_t bytes_to_fill_single_dma_buffer =
+      this->current_stream_info_.frames_to_bytes(frames_to_fill_single_dma_buffer);
+
+  bool successful_setup = false;
+  std::unique_ptr<audio::AudioSourceTransferBuffer> transfer_buffer =
+      audio::AudioSourceTransferBuffer::create(bytes_to_fill_single_dma_buffer);
+
+  if (transfer_buffer != nullptr) {
+    std::shared_ptr<RingBuffer> temp_ring_buffer = RingBuffer::create(ring_buffer_size);
+    if (temp_ring_buffer.use_count() == 1) {
+      transfer_buffer->set_source(temp_ring_buffer);
+      this->audio_ring_buffer_ = temp_ring_buffer;
+      successful_setup = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!successful_setup) {
+    xEventGroupSetBits(this->event_group_, SpeakerEventGroupBits::ERR_ESP_NO_MEM);
+  } else {
+    bool stop_gracefully = false;
+    bool tx_dma_underflow = true;
+
+    uint32_t frames_written = 0;
+    uint32_t last_data_received_time = millis();
+
+    xEventGroupSetBits(this->event_group_, SpeakerEventGroupBits::TASK_RUNNING);
+
+    // Main speaker task loop. Continues while:
+    // - Paused, OR
+    // - No timeout configured, OR
+    // - Timeout hasn't elapsed since last data
+    while (this->pause_state_ || !this->timeout_.has_value() ||
+           (millis() - last_data_received_time) <= this->timeout_.value()) {
+      uint32_t event_group_bits = xEventGroupGetBits(this->event_group_);
+
+      if (event_group_bits & SpeakerEventGroupBits::COMMAND_STOP) {
+        xEventGroupClearBits(this->event_group_, SpeakerEventGroupBits::COMMAND_STOP);
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Exiting: COMMAND_STOP received");
+        break;
+      }
+      if (event_group_bits & SpeakerEventGroupBits::COMMAND_STOP_GRACEFULLY) {
+        xEventGroupClearBits(this->event_group_, SpeakerEventGroupBits::COMMAND_STOP_GRACEFULLY);
+        stop_gracefully = true;
+      }
+
+      if (this->audio_stream_info_ != this->current_stream_info_) {
+        // Audio stream info changed, stop the speaker task so it will restart with the proper settings.
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Exiting: stream info changed");
+        break;
+      }
+
+      int64_t write_timestamp;
+      while (xQueueReceive(this->i2s_event_queue_, &write_timestamp, 0)) {
+        // Receives timing events from the I2S on_sent callback. If actual audio data was sent in this event, it passes
+        // on the timing info via the audio_output_callback.
+        uint32_t frames_sent = frames_to_fill_single_dma_buffer;
+        if (frames_to_fill_single_dma_buffer > frames_written) {
+          tx_dma_underflow = true;
+          frames_sent = frames_written;
+          const uint32_t frames_zeroed = frames_to_fill_single_dma_buffer - frames_written;
+          write_timestamp -= this->current_stream_info_.frames_to_microseconds(frames_zeroed);
+        } else {
+          tx_dma_underflow = false;
+        }
+        frames_written -= frames_sent;
+
+        // Standard I2S mode: fire callback immediately for each event
+        if (frames_sent > 0) {
+          this->audio_output_callback_(frames_sent, write_timestamp);
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (this->pause_state_) {
+        // Pause state is accessed atomically, so thread safe
+        // Delay so the task yields, then skip transferring audio data
+        vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(DMA_BUFFER_DURATION_MS));
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // Wait half the duration of the data already written to the DMA buffers for new audio data
+      // The millisecond helper modifies the frames_written variable, so use the microsecond helper and divide by 1000
+      uint32_t read_delay = (this->current_stream_info_.frames_to_microseconds(frames_written) / 1000) / 2;
+
+      size_t bytes_read = transfer_buffer->transfer_data_from_source(pdMS_TO_TICKS(read_delay));
+      uint8_t *new_data = transfer_buffer->get_buffer_end() - bytes_read;
+
+      if (bytes_read > 0) {
+        this->apply_software_volume_(new_data, bytes_read);
+        this->swap_esp32_mono_samples_(new_data, bytes_read);
+      }
+
+      if (transfer_buffer->available() == 0) {
+        if (stop_gracefully && tx_dma_underflow) {
+          break;
+        }
+        vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(DMA_BUFFER_DURATION_MS / 2));
+      } else {
+        size_t bytes_written = 0;
+
+        if (tx_dma_underflow) {
+          // Temporarily disable channel and callback to reset the I2S driver's internal DMA buffer queue
+          i2s_channel_disable(this->tx_handle_);
+          const i2s_event_callbacks_t null_callbacks = {.on_sent = nullptr};
+          i2s_channel_register_event_callback(this->tx_handle_, &null_callbacks, this);
+          i2s_channel_preload_data(this->tx_handle_, transfer_buffer->get_buffer_start(), transfer_buffer->available(),
+                                   &bytes_written);
+        } else {
+          // Audio is already playing, use regular write to add to the DMA buffers
+          i2s_channel_write(this->tx_handle_, transfer_buffer->get_buffer_start(), transfer_buffer->available(),
+                            &bytes_written, DMA_BUFFER_DURATION_MS);
+        }
+
+        if (bytes_written > 0) {
+          last_data_received_time = millis();
+          frames_written += this->current_stream_info_.bytes_to_frames(bytes_written);
+          transfer_buffer->decrease_buffer_length(bytes_written);
+
+          if (tx_dma_underflow) {
+            tx_dma_underflow = false;
+            // Enable the on_sent callback and channel after preload
+            xQueueReset(this->i2s_event_queue_);
+            const i2s_event_callbacks_t callbacks = {.on_sent = i2s_on_sent_cb};
+            i2s_channel_register_event_callback(this->tx_handle_, &callbacks, this);
+            i2s_channel_enable(this->tx_handle_);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  xEventGroupSetBits(this->event_group_, SpeakerEventGroupBits::TASK_STOPPING);
+
+  if (transfer_buffer != nullptr) {
+    transfer_buffer.reset();
+  }
+
+  xEventGroupSetBits(this->event_group_, SpeakerEventGroupBits::TASK_STOPPED);
+
+  while (true) {
+    // Continuously delay until the loop method deletes the task
+    vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(10));
+  }
+}
+
+esp_err_t I2SAudioSpeaker::start_i2s_driver(audio::AudioStreamInfo &audio_stream_info) {
+  this->current_stream_info_ = audio_stream_info;
+
+  if ((this->i2s_role_ & I2S_ROLE_SLAVE) && (this->sample_rate_ != audio_stream_info.get_sample_rate())) {  // NOLINT
+    // Can't reconfigure I2S bus, so the sample rate must match the configured value
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Incompatible stream settings");
+    return ESP_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+  }
+
+  if (this->slot_bit_width_ != I2S_SLOT_BIT_WIDTH_AUTO &&
+      (i2s_slot_bit_width_t) audio_stream_info.get_bits_per_sample() > this->slot_bit_width_) {
+    // Currently can't handle the case when the incoming audio has more bits per sample than the configured value
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Stream bits per sample must be less than or equal to the speaker's configuration");
+    return ESP_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+  }
+
+  if (!this->parent_->try_lock()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Parent bus is busy");
+    return ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE;
+  }
+
+  uint32_t dma_buffer_length = audio_stream_info.ms_to_frames(DMA_BUFFER_DURATION_MS);
+
+  i2s_role_t i2s_role = this->i2s_role_;
+  i2s_clock_src_t clk_src = I2S_CLK_SRC_DEFAULT;
+
+#if SOC_CLK_APLL_SUPPORTED
+  if (this->use_apll_) {
+    clk_src = i2s_clock_src_t::I2S_CLK_SRC_APLL;
+  }
+#endif  // SOC_CLK_APLL_SUPPORTED
+
+  // Log DMA configuration for debugging
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "I2S DMA config: %zu buffers x %lu frames", (size_t) DMA_BUFFERS_COUNT,
+           (unsigned long) dma_buffer_length);
+
+  i2s_chan_config_t chan_cfg = {
+      .id = this->parent_->get_port(),
+      .role = i2s_role,
+      .dma_desc_num = DMA_BUFFERS_COUNT,
+      .dma_frame_num = dma_buffer_length,
+      .auto_clear = true,
+      .intr_priority = 3,
+  };
+
+  // Build standard I2S clock/slot/gpio configuration
+  i2s_std_clk_config_t clk_cfg = {
+      .sample_rate_hz = audio_stream_info.get_sample_rate(),
+      .clk_src = clk_src,
+      .mclk_multiple = this->mclk_multiple_,
+  };
+
+  i2s_slot_mode_t slot_mode = this->slot_mode_;
+  i2s_std_slot_mask_t slot_mask = this->std_slot_mask_;
+  if (audio_stream_info.get_channels() == 1) {
+    slot_mode = I2S_SLOT_MODE_MONO;
+  } else if (audio_stream_info.get_channels() == 2) {
+    slot_mode = I2S_SLOT_MODE_STEREO;
+    slot_mask = I2S_STD_SLOT_BOTH;
+  }
+
+  i2s_std_slot_config_t slot_cfg;
+  switch (this->i2s_comm_fmt_) {
+    case I2SCommFmt::PCM:
+      slot_cfg =
+          I2S_STD_PCM_SLOT_DEFAULT_CONFIG((i2s_data_bit_width_t) audio_stream_info.get_bits_per_sample(), slot_mode);
+      break;
+    case I2SCommFmt::MSB:
+      slot_cfg =
+          I2S_STD_MSB_SLOT_DEFAULT_CONFIG((i2s_data_bit_width_t) audio_stream_info.get_bits_per_sample(), slot_mode);
+      break;
+    default:
+      slot_cfg = I2S_STD_PHILIPS_SLOT_DEFAULT_CONFIG((i2s_data_bit_width_t) audio_stream_info.get_bits_per_sample(),
+                                                     slot_mode);
+      break;
+  }
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32
+  // There seems to be a bug on the ESP32 (non-variant) platform where setting the slot bit width higher than the
+  // bits per sample causes the audio to play too fast. Setting the ws_width to the configured slot bit width seems
+  // to make it play at the correct speed while sending more bits per slot.
+  if (this->slot_bit_width_ != I2S_SLOT_BIT_WIDTH_AUTO) {
+    uint32_t configured_bit_width = static_cast<uint32_t>(this->slot_bit_width_);
+    slot_cfg.ws_width = configured_bit_width;
+    if (configured_bit_width > 16) {
+      slot_cfg.msb_right = false;
+    }
+  }
+#else
+  slot_cfg.slot_bit_width = this->slot_bit_width_;
+#endif  // USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32
+  slot_cfg.slot_mask = slot_mask;
+
+  i2s_std_gpio_config_t gpio_cfg = this->parent_->get_pin_config();
+  gpio_cfg.dout = this->dout_pin_;
+
+  i2s_std_config_t std_cfg = {
+      .clk_cfg = clk_cfg,
+      .slot_cfg = slot_cfg,
+      .gpio_cfg = gpio_cfg,
+  };
+
+  esp_err_t err = this->init_i2s_channel_(chan_cfg, std_cfg, I2S_EVENT_QUEUE_COUNT);
+  if (err != ESP_OK) {
+    return err;
+  }
+
+  i2s_channel_enable(this->tx_handle_);
+
+  return ESP_OK;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::i2s_audio
+
+#endif  // USE_ESP32

esphome/components/i2s_audio/speaker/i2s_audio_speaker_standard.h

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+
+#include "i2s_audio_speaker.h"
+
+namespace esphome::i2s_audio {
+
+enum class I2SCommFmt : uint8_t {
+  STANDARD,  // Philips / I2S standard
+  PCM,       // PCM short
+  MSB,       // MSB / left-justified
+};
+
+/// @brief Standard I2S speaker implementation.
+/// Outputs PCM audio data directly to an I2S DAC using the standard I2S protocol.
+class I2SAudioSpeaker : public I2SAudioSpeakerBase {
+ public:
+  void dump_config() override;
+
+  void set_i2s_comm_fmt(I2SCommFmt fmt) { this->i2s_comm_fmt_ = fmt; }
+
+ protected:
+  void run_speaker_task() override;
+  esp_err_t start_i2s_driver(audio::AudioStreamInfo &audio_stream_info) override;
+
+  I2SCommFmt i2s_comm_fmt_{I2SCommFmt::STANDARD};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::i2s_audio
+
+#endif  // USE_ESP32

esphome/components/image/__init__.py

@@ -756,7 +756,7 @@ async def write_image(config, all_frames=False):
             for col in range(width):
                 encoder.encode(pixels[row * width + col])
             encoder.end_row()
-        encoder.end_image()
+    encoder.end_image()
 
     rhs = [HexInt(x) for x in encoder.data]
     prog_arr = cg.progmem_array(config[CONF_RAW_DATA_ID], rhs)

esphome/components/internal_temperature/internal_temperature_bk72xx.cpp

@@ -20,8 +20,6 @@ void InternalTemperatureSensor::update() {
   success = (result == 0);
 #if defined(USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_BK7231N)
   temperature = raw * -0.38f + 156.0f;
-#elif defined(USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_BK7231T)
-  temperature = raw * 0.04f;
 #else   // USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT
   temperature = raw * 0.128f;
 #endif  // USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT

esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.cpp

@@ -766,32 +766,38 @@ void LD2412Component::get_distance_resolution_() { this->send_command_(CMD_QUERY
 void LD2412Component::query_light_control_() { this->send_command_(CMD_QUERY_LIGHT_CONTROL, nullptr, 0); }
 
 void LD2412Component::set_basic_config() {
+  uint8_t min_gate = 1;
+  uint8_t max_gate = TOTAL_GATES;
+  uint16_t timeout = DEFAULT_PRESENCE_TIMEOUT;
+  uint8_t out_pin_level = 0x01;
+
 #ifdef USE_NUMBER
-  if (!this->min_distance_gate_number_->has_state() || !this->max_distance_gate_number_->has_state() ||
-      !this->timeout_number_->has_state()) {
-    return;
+  if (this->min_distance_gate_number_ != nullptr) {
+    if (!this->min_distance_gate_number_->has_state())
+      return;
+    min_gate = static_cast<int>(this->min_distance_gate_number_->state);
+  }
+  if (this->max_distance_gate_number_ != nullptr) {
+    if (!this->max_distance_gate_number_->has_state())
+      return;
+    max_gate = static_cast<int>(this->max_distance_gate_number_->state) + 1;
+  }
+  if (this->timeout_number_ != nullptr) {
+    if (!this->timeout_number_->has_state())
+      return;
+    timeout = static_cast<int>(this->timeout_number_->state);
   }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
-  if (!this->out_pin_level_select_->has_state()) {
-    return;
+  if (this->out_pin_level_select_ != nullptr) {
+    if (!this->out_pin_level_select_->has_state())
+      return;
+    out_pin_level = find_uint8(OUT_PIN_LEVELS_BY_STR, this->out_pin_level_select_->current_option().c_str());
   }
 #endif
 
   uint8_t value[5] = {
-#ifdef USE_NUMBER
-      lowbyte(static_cast<int>(this->min_distance_gate_number_->state)),
-      lowbyte(static_cast<int>(this->max_distance_gate_number_->state) + 1),
-      lowbyte(static_cast<int>(this->timeout_number_->state)),
-      highbyte(static_cast<int>(this->timeout_number_->state)),
-#else
-      1,    TOTAL_GATES, DEFAULT_PRESENCE_TIMEOUT, 0,
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_SELECT
-      find_uint8(OUT_PIN_LEVELS_BY_STR, this->out_pin_level_select_->current_option().c_str()),
-#else
-      0x01,  // Default value if not using select
-#endif
+      lowbyte(min_gate), lowbyte(max_gate), lowbyte(timeout), highbyte(timeout), out_pin_level,
   };
   this->set_config_mode_(true);
   this->send_command_(CMD_BASIC_CONF, value, sizeof(value));

esphome/components/libretiny/__init__.py

@@ -443,6 +443,13 @@ async def component_to_code(config):
         # 4-8KB flash). Even if linked, it would use locks, so explicit FreeRTOS
         # mutexes are simpler and equivalent.
         cg.add_define(ThreadModel.MULTI_NO_ATOMICS)
+        # Enable FreeRTOS static allocation so FreeRTOSQueue can use
+        # xQueueCreateStatic (queue storage in BSS, no heap allocation).
+        # Also moves FreeRTOS internal structures (timer command queue) to BSS.
+        # BK72xx's FreeRTOSConfig.h doesn't define this, defaulting to 0.
+        # The -D wins over the #ifndef default in FreeRTOS.h.
+        # Not enabled on RTL87xx/LN882x — costs more heap than it saves there.
+        cg.add_build_flag("-DconfigSUPPORT_STATIC_ALLOCATION=1")
 
     # RTL8710B needs FreeRTOS 8.2.3+ for xTaskNotifyGive/ulTaskNotifyTake
     # required by AsyncTCP 3.4.3+ (https://github.com/esphome/esphome/issues/10220)

esphome/components/libretiny/core.cpp

@@ -16,8 +16,29 @@ void loop();
 namespace esphome {
 
 void HOT yield() { ::yield(); }
+// Inline the tick read so esphome::millis() matches MillisInternal::get()'s fast
+// path instead of going through the Arduino core's out-of-line ::millis() wrapper.
+//
+// RTL87xx / LN882x (1 kHz): xTaskGetTickCount() is already ms. IRAM_ATTR + ISR
+// dispatch are needed because ISR handlers (e.g. rotary_encoder) call millis().
+//
+// BK72xx (500 Hz): ticks * portTICK_PERIOD_MS (== 2). IRAM_ATTR and ISR dispatch
+// are both unnecessary — the SDK masks FIQ + IRQ during flash writes (see hal.h),
+// so no ISR runs while flash is stalled.
+#if defined(USE_RTL87XX) || defined(USE_LN882X)
+uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT millis() {
+  static_assert(configTICK_RATE_HZ == 1000, "millis() fast path requires 1 kHz FreeRTOS tick");
+  return in_isr_context() ? xTaskGetTickCountFromISR() : xTaskGetTickCount();
+}
+#elif defined(USE_BK72XX)
+uint32_t HOT millis() {
+  static_assert(configTICK_RATE_HZ == 500, "BK72xx millis() fast path assumes 500 Hz FreeRTOS tick");
+  return xTaskGetTickCount() * portTICK_PERIOD_MS;
+}
+#else
 uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT millis() { return ::millis(); }
-uint64_t millis_64() { return Millis64Impl::compute(::millis()); }
+#endif
+uint64_t millis_64() { return Millis64Impl::compute(millis()); }
 uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT micros() { return ::micros(); }
 void HOT delay(uint32_t ms) { ::delay(ms); }
 void IRAM_ATTR HOT delayMicroseconds(uint32_t us) { ::delayMicroseconds(us); }
@@ -35,7 +56,7 @@ void arch_init() {
   //
   // Raise to priority 6: above WiFi/LwIP tasks (4-5) so they don't preempt the
   // main loop, but below the TCP/IP thread (7) so packet processing keeps priority.
-  // This is safe because ESPHome yields voluntarily via yield_with_select_() and
+  // This is safe because ESPHome yields voluntarily via wakeable_delay() and
   // the Arduino mainTask yield() after each loop() iteration.
   static constexpr UBaseType_t MAIN_TASK_PRIORITY = 6;
   static_assert(MAIN_TASK_PRIORITY < configMAX_PRIORITIES, "MAIN_TASK_PRIORITY must be less than configMAX_PRIORITIES");

esphome/components/libretiny/freertos_static_alloc.c

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/*
+ * FreeRTOS static allocation callbacks for LibreTiny platforms.
+ *
+ * Required when configSUPPORT_STATIC_ALLOCATION is enabled. These callbacks
+ * provide memory for the idle and timer tasks. Following ESP-IDF's approach,
+ * we allocate from the FreeRTOS heap (pvPortMalloc) rather than using truly
+ * static buffers, to avoid assumptions about memory layout.
+ *
+ * This enables xQueueCreateStatic, xTaskCreateStatic, etc. throughout ESPHome,
+ * allowing queue storage to live in BSS with zero runtime heap allocation.
+ */
+
+#ifdef USE_BK72XX
+
+#include <FreeRTOS.h>
+#include <task.h>
+
+#if (configSUPPORT_STATIC_ALLOCATION == 1)
+
+void vApplicationGetIdleTaskMemory(StaticTask_t **ppxIdleTaskTCBBuffer, StackType_t **ppxIdleTaskStackBuffer,
+                                   uint32_t *pulIdleTaskStackSize) {
+  /* Stack grows down on ARM — allocate stack first, then TCB,
+   * so the stack does not grow into the TCB. */
+  StackType_t *stack = (StackType_t *) pvPortMalloc(configMINIMAL_STACK_SIZE * sizeof(StackType_t));
+  StaticTask_t *tcb = (StaticTask_t *) pvPortMalloc(sizeof(StaticTask_t));
+  configASSERT(stack != NULL);
+  configASSERT(tcb != NULL);
+
+  *ppxIdleTaskTCBBuffer = tcb;
+  *ppxIdleTaskStackBuffer = stack;
+  *pulIdleTaskStackSize = configMINIMAL_STACK_SIZE;
+}
+
+#if (configUSE_TIMERS == 1)
+
+void vApplicationGetTimerTaskMemory(StaticTask_t **ppxTimerTaskTCBBuffer, StackType_t **ppxTimerTaskStackBuffer,
+                                    uint32_t *pulTimerTaskStackSize) {
+  StackType_t *stack = (StackType_t *) pvPortMalloc(configTIMER_TASK_STACK_DEPTH * sizeof(StackType_t));
+  StaticTask_t *tcb = (StaticTask_t *) pvPortMalloc(sizeof(StaticTask_t));
+  configASSERT(stack != NULL);
+  configASSERT(tcb != NULL);
+
+  *ppxTimerTaskTCBBuffer = tcb;
+  *ppxTimerTaskStackBuffer = stack;
+  *pulTimerTaskStackSize = configTIMER_TASK_STACK_DEPTH;
+}
+
+#endif /* configUSE_TIMERS */
+
+#endif /* configSUPPORT_STATIC_ALLOCATION */
+
+#endif /* USE_BK72XX */

esphome/components/light/light_call.cpp

@@ -10,13 +10,10 @@ namespace esphome::light {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "light";
 
-// Helper functions to reduce code size for logging
-static void clamp_and_log_if_invalid(const char *name, float &value, const LogString *param_name, float min = 0.0f,
-                                     float max = 1.0f) {
-  if (value < min || value > max) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s': %s value %.2f is out of range [%.1f - %.1f]", name, LOG_STR_ARG(param_name), value, min, max);
-    value = clamp(value, min, max);
-  }
+// Cold-path logger; caller handles the clamp so the in-range hot path avoids
+// the spill/reload around the call.
+static void log_value_out_of_range(const char *name, float value, const LogString *param_name, float min, float max) {
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s': %s value %.2f is out of range [%.1f - %.1f]", name, LOG_STR_ARG(param_name), value, min, max);
 }
 
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_WARN
@@ -57,6 +54,12 @@ static void log_invalid_parameter(const char *name, const LogString *message) {
 PROGMEM_STRING_TABLE(ColorModeHumanStrings, "Unknown", "On/Off", "Brightness", "White", "Color temperature",
                      "Cold/warm white", "RGB", "RGBW", "RGB + color temperature", "RGB + cold/warm white");
 
+// Indices 0-7 match FieldFlags bits 0-7; index 8 is color_temperature.
+// PROGMEM_STRING_TABLE is constexpr-init (no RAM guard variable).
+PROGMEM_STRING_TABLE(ValidateFieldNames, "Brightness", "Color brightness", "Red", "Green", "Blue", "White",
+                     "Cold white", "Warm white", "Color temperature");
+static constexpr uint8_t VALIDATE_CT_INDEX = 8;
+
 static const LogString *color_mode_to_human(ColorMode color_mode) {
   return ColorModeHumanStrings::get_log_str(ColorModeBitPolicy::to_bit(color_mode), 0);
 }
@@ -277,25 +280,37 @@ LightColorValues LightCall::validate_() {
   if (this->has_state())
     v.set_state(this->state_);
 
-    // clamp_and_log_if_invalid already clamps in-place, so assign directly
-    // to avoid redundant clamp code from the setter being inlined.
-#define VALIDATE_AND_APPLY(field, name_str, ...) \
-  if (this->has_##field()) { \
-    clamp_and_log_if_invalid(name, this->field##_, LOG_STR(name_str), ##__VA_ARGS__); \
-    v.field##_ = this->field##_; \
+  // FieldFlags bits 0-7 must match unit_fields_ array indices.
+  static_assert(FLAG_HAS_BRIGHTNESS == 1u << 0 && FLAG_HAS_COLOR_BRIGHTNESS == 1u << 1 && FLAG_HAS_RED == 1u << 2 &&
+                    FLAG_HAS_GREEN == 1u << 3 && FLAG_HAS_BLUE == 1u << 4 && FLAG_HAS_WHITE == 1u << 5 &&
+                    FLAG_HAS_COLD_WHITE == 1u << 6 && FLAG_HAS_WARM_WHITE == 1u << 7,
+                "FieldFlags bits 0-7 must match unit_fields_ indices");
+
+  // Iterate set bits only (ctz + clear-lowest) — HA can drive perform()
+  // at high frequency so the hot path is O(popcount).
+  unsigned active = this->flags_ & CLAMP_FLAGS_MASK;
+  while (active != 0) {
+    unsigned bit = __builtin_ctz(active);
+    active &= active - 1;  // clear lowest set bit
+    float &value = this->unit_fields_[bit];
+    if (float_out_of_unit_range(value)) {
+      log_value_out_of_range(name, value, ValidateFieldNames::get_log_str(bit, 0), 0.0f, 1.0f);
+      value = clamp_unit_float(value);
+    }
+    v.unit_fields_[bit] = value;
   }
 
-  VALIDATE_AND_APPLY(brightness, "Brightness")
-  VALIDATE_AND_APPLY(color_brightness, "Color brightness")
-  VALIDATE_AND_APPLY(red, "Red")
-  VALIDATE_AND_APPLY(green, "Green")
-  VALIDATE_AND_APPLY(blue, "Blue")
-  VALIDATE_AND_APPLY(white, "White")
-  VALIDATE_AND_APPLY(cold_white, "Cold white")
-  VALIDATE_AND_APPLY(warm_white, "Warm white")
-  VALIDATE_AND_APPLY(color_temperature, "Color temperature", traits.get_min_mireds(), traits.get_max_mireds())
-
-#undef VALIDATE_AND_APPLY
+  // color_temperature: runtime range from traits.
+  if (this->has_color_temperature()) {
+    const float ct_min = traits.get_min_mireds();
+    const float ct_max = traits.get_max_mireds();
+    if (this->color_temperature_ < ct_min || this->color_temperature_ > ct_max) {
+      log_value_out_of_range(name, this->color_temperature_, ValidateFieldNames::get_log_str(VALIDATE_CT_INDEX, 0),
+                             ct_min, ct_max);
+      this->color_temperature_ = clamp(this->color_temperature_, ct_min, ct_max);
+    }
+    v.color_temperature_ = this->color_temperature_;
+  }
 
   v.normalize_color();
 

esphome/components/light/light_call.h

@@ -195,25 +195,26 @@ class LightCall {
   /// Some color modes also can be set using non-native parameters, transform those calls.
   void transform_parameters_(const LightTraits &traits);
 
-  // Bitfield flags - each flag indicates whether a corresponding value has been set.
+  // Bits 0-7 index unit_fields_[] in validate_(); don't reorder (asserts in light_call.cpp).
   enum FieldFlags : uint16_t {
-    FLAG_HAS_STATE = 1 << 0,
-    FLAG_HAS_TRANSITION = 1 << 1,
-    FLAG_HAS_FLASH = 1 << 2,
-    FLAG_HAS_EFFECT = 1 << 3,
-    FLAG_HAS_BRIGHTNESS = 1 << 4,
-    FLAG_HAS_COLOR_BRIGHTNESS = 1 << 5,
-    FLAG_HAS_RED = 1 << 6,
-    FLAG_HAS_GREEN = 1 << 7,
-    FLAG_HAS_BLUE = 1 << 8,
-    FLAG_HAS_WHITE = 1 << 9,
-    FLAG_HAS_COLOR_TEMPERATURE = 1 << 10,
-    FLAG_HAS_COLD_WHITE = 1 << 11,
-    FLAG_HAS_WARM_WHITE = 1 << 12,
+    FLAG_HAS_BRIGHTNESS = 1 << 0,
+    FLAG_HAS_COLOR_BRIGHTNESS = 1 << 1,
+    FLAG_HAS_RED = 1 << 2,
+    FLAG_HAS_GREEN = 1 << 3,
+    FLAG_HAS_BLUE = 1 << 4,
+    FLAG_HAS_WHITE = 1 << 5,
+    FLAG_HAS_COLD_WHITE = 1 << 6,
+    FLAG_HAS_WARM_WHITE = 1 << 7,
+    FLAG_HAS_COLOR_TEMPERATURE = 1 << 8,
+    FLAG_HAS_STATE = 1 << 9,
+    FLAG_HAS_TRANSITION = 1 << 10,
+    FLAG_HAS_FLASH = 1 << 11,
+    FLAG_HAS_EFFECT = 1 << 12,
     FLAG_HAS_COLOR_MODE = 1 << 13,
     FLAG_PUBLISH = 1 << 14,
     FLAG_SAVE = 1 << 15,
   };
+  static constexpr uint16_t CLAMP_FLAGS_MASK = 0x00FFu;  // bits 0-7
 
   inline bool has_transition_() { return (this->flags_ & FLAG_HAS_TRANSITION) != 0; }
   inline bool has_flash_() { return (this->flags_ & FLAG_HAS_FLASH) != 0; }
@@ -222,7 +223,7 @@ class LightCall {
   inline bool get_save_() { return (this->flags_ & FLAG_SAVE) != 0; }
 
   // Helper to set flag - defaults to true for common case
-  void set_flag_(FieldFlags flag, bool value = true) {
+  void set_flag_(FieldFlags flag, bool value = true) ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE {
     if (value) {
       this->flags_ |= flag;
     } else {
@@ -231,7 +232,7 @@ class LightCall {
   }
 
   // Helper to clear flag - reduces code size for common case
-  void clear_flag_(FieldFlags flag) { this->flags_ &= ~flag; }
+  void clear_flag_(FieldFlags flag) ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE { this->flags_ &= ~flag; }
 
   // Helper to log unsupported feature and clear flag - reduces code duplication
   void log_and_clear_unsupported_(FieldFlags flag, const LogString *feature, bool use_color_mode_log);
@@ -239,19 +240,11 @@ class LightCall {
   LightState *parent_;
 
   // Light state values - use flags_ to check if a value has been set.
-  // Group 4-byte aligned members first
   uint32_t transition_length_;
   uint32_t flash_length_;
   uint32_t effect_;
-  float brightness_;
-  float color_brightness_;
-  float red_;
-  float green_;
-  float blue_;
-  float white_;
+  ESPHOME_LIGHT_UNIT_FIELDS_UNION();
   float color_temperature_;
-  float cold_white_;
-  float warm_white_;
 
   // Smaller members at the end for better packing
   uint16_t flags_{FLAG_PUBLISH | FLAG_SAVE};  // Tracks which values are set

esphome/components/light/light_color_values.h

@@ -3,11 +3,62 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "color_mode.h"
 #include <cmath>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <limits>
 
 namespace esphome::light {
 
 inline static uint8_t to_uint8_scale(float x) { return static_cast<uint8_t>(roundf(x * 255.0f)); }
 
+// IEEE 754 bit patterns. Values in [0.0f, 1.0f] have bits <= ONE_F_BITS;
+// negatives have the sign bit set (→ huge unsigned). A single unsigned compare
+// replaces two soft-float __ltsf2/__gtsf2 calls on ESP8266.
+static constexpr uint32_t ONE_F_BITS = 0x3F800000u;       // 1.0f
+static constexpr uint32_t NEG_ZERO_F_BITS = 0x80000000u;  // -0.0f / sign-bit mask
+static_assert(sizeof(float) == sizeof(uint32_t), "float must be 32-bit");
+static_assert(std::numeric_limits<float>::is_iec559, "IEEE 754 float required");
+
+// Union pun — memcpy/bit_cast don't fold on xtensa-gcc (see api/proto.h).
+// -0.0f is numerically zero so it's reported in range (no warning, no clamp).
+inline bool float_out_of_unit_range(float x) {
+  union {
+    float f;
+    uint32_t u;
+  } pun;
+  pun.f = x;
+  return pun.u > ONE_F_BITS && pun.u != NEG_ZERO_F_BITS;
+}
+
+// Clamps to [0.0f, 1.0f] without float compares. Out of range: sign bit set
+// (negatives, -NaN, -Inf) → 0.0f; sign bit clear (>1, +NaN, +Inf) → 1.0f.
+inline float clamp_unit_float(float x) {
+  union {
+    float f;
+    uint32_t u;
+  } pun;
+  pun.f = x;
+  if (pun.u <= ONE_F_BITS)
+    return x;
+  return (pun.u & NEG_ZERO_F_BITS) ? 0.0f : 1.0f;  // sign bit → negative → clamp to 0
+}
+
+// Shared anonymous union: eight unit-range floats alias unit_fields_[8] so
+// LightCall::validate_() can iterate them as a real array. GCC/Clang ext.
+#define ESPHOME_LIGHT_UNIT_FIELDS_UNION() \
+  union { \
+    struct { \
+      float brightness_; \
+      float color_brightness_; \
+      float red_; \
+      float green_; \
+      float blue_; \
+      float white_; \
+      float cold_white_; \
+      float warm_white_; \
+    }; \
+    float unit_fields_[8]; \
+  }
+
 /** This class represents the color state for a light object.
  *
  * The representation of the color state is dependent on the active color mode. A color mode consists of multiple
@@ -52,9 +103,9 @@ class LightColorValues {
         green_(1.0f),
         blue_(1.0f),
         white_(1.0f),
-        color_temperature_{0.0f},
         cold_white_{1.0f},
         warm_white_{1.0f},
+        color_temperature_{0.0f},
         color_mode_(ColorMode::UNKNOWN) {}
 
   LightColorValues(ColorMode color_mode, float state, float brightness, float color_brightness, float red, float green,
@@ -220,39 +271,39 @@ class LightColorValues {
   /// Get the binary true/false state of these light color values.
   bool is_on() const { return this->get_state() != 0.0f; }
   /// Set the state of these light color values. In range from 0.0 (off) to 1.0 (on)
-  void set_state(float state) { this->state_ = clamp(state, 0.0f, 1.0f); }
+  void set_state(float state) { this->state_ = clamp_unit_float(state); }
   /// Set the state of these light color values as a binary true/false.
   void set_state(bool state) { this->state_ = state ? 1.0f : 0.0f; }
 
   /// Get the brightness property of these light color values. In range 0.0 to 1.0
   float get_brightness() const { return this->brightness_; }
   /// Set the brightness property of these light color values. In range 0.0 to 1.0
-  void set_brightness(float brightness) { this->brightness_ = clamp(brightness, 0.0f, 1.0f); }
+  void set_brightness(float brightness) { this->brightness_ = clamp_unit_float(brightness); }
 
   /// Get the color brightness property of these light color values. In range 0.0 to 1.0
   float get_color_brightness() const { return this->color_brightness_; }
   /// Set the color brightness property of these light color values. In range 0.0 to 1.0
-  void set_color_brightness(float brightness) { this->color_brightness_ = clamp(brightness, 0.0f, 1.0f); }
+  void set_color_brightness(float brightness) { this->color_brightness_ = clamp_unit_float(brightness); }
 
   /// Get the red property of these light color values. In range 0.0 to 1.0
   float get_red() const { return this->red_; }
   /// Set the red property of these light color values. In range 0.0 to 1.0
-  void set_red(float red) { this->red_ = clamp(red, 0.0f, 1.0f); }
+  void set_red(float red) { this->red_ = clamp_unit_float(red); }
 
   /// Get the green property of these light color values. In range 0.0 to 1.0
   float get_green() const { return this->green_; }
   /// Set the green property of these light color values. In range 0.0 to 1.0
-  void set_green(float green) { this->green_ = clamp(green, 0.0f, 1.0f); }
+  void set_green(float green) { this->green_ = clamp_unit_float(green); }
 
   /// Get the blue property of these light color values. In range 0.0 to 1.0
   float get_blue() const { return this->blue_; }
   /// Set the blue property of these light color values. In range 0.0 to 1.0
-  void set_blue(float blue) { this->blue_ = clamp(blue, 0.0f, 1.0f); }
+  void set_blue(float blue) { this->blue_ = clamp_unit_float(blue); }
 
   /// Get the white property of these light color values. In range 0.0 to 1.0
   float get_white() const { return white_; }
   /// Set the white property of these light color values. In range 0.0 to 1.0
-  void set_white(float white) { this->white_ = clamp(white, 0.0f, 1.0f); }
+  void set_white(float white) { this->white_ = clamp_unit_float(white); }
 
   /// Get the color temperature property of these light color values in mired.
   float get_color_temperature() const { return this->color_temperature_; }
@@ -277,26 +328,19 @@ class LightColorValues {
   /// Get the cold white property of these light color values. In range 0.0 to 1.0.
   float get_cold_white() const { return this->cold_white_; }
   /// Set the cold white property of these light color values. In range 0.0 to 1.0.
-  void set_cold_white(float cold_white) { this->cold_white_ = clamp(cold_white, 0.0f, 1.0f); }
+  void set_cold_white(float cold_white) { this->cold_white_ = clamp_unit_float(cold_white); }
 
   /// Get the warm white property of these light color values. In range 0.0 to 1.0.
   float get_warm_white() const { return this->warm_white_; }
   /// Set the warm white property of these light color values. In range 0.0 to 1.0.
-  void set_warm_white(float warm_white) { this->warm_white_ = clamp(warm_white, 0.0f, 1.0f); }
+  void set_warm_white(float warm_white) { this->warm_white_ = clamp_unit_float(warm_white); }
 
   friend class LightCall;
 
  protected:
   float state_;  ///< ON / OFF, float for transition
-  float brightness_;
-  float color_brightness_;
-  float red_;
-  float green_;
-  float blue_;
-  float white_;
+  ESPHOME_LIGHT_UNIT_FIELDS_UNION();
   float color_temperature_;  ///< Color Temperature in Mired
-  float cold_white_;
-  float warm_white_;
   ColorMode color_mode_;
 };
 

esphome/components/lock/__init__.py

@@ -35,9 +35,11 @@ LockStateForwarder = lock_ns.class_("LockStateForwarder")
 LockState = lock_ns.enum("LockState")
 
 LOCK_STATES = {
+    "OPEN": LockState.LOCK_STATE_OPEN,
     "LOCKED": LockState.LOCK_STATE_LOCKED,
     "UNLOCKED": LockState.LOCK_STATE_UNLOCKED,
     "JAMMED": LockState.LOCK_STATE_JAMMED,
+    "OPENING": LockState.LOCK_STATE_OPENING,
     "LOCKING": LockState.LOCK_STATE_LOCKING,
     "UNLOCKING": LockState.LOCK_STATE_UNLOCKING,
 }

esphome/components/lock/lock.cpp

@@ -8,9 +8,10 @@ namespace esphome::lock {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "lock";
 
-// Lock state strings indexed by LockState enum (0-5): NONE(UNKNOWN), LOCKED, UNLOCKED, JAMMED, LOCKING, UNLOCKING
+// Lock state strings indexed by LockState enum.
 // Index 0 is UNKNOWN (for LOCK_STATE_NONE), also used as fallback for out-of-range
-PROGMEM_STRING_TABLE(LockStateStrings, "UNKNOWN", "LOCKED", "UNLOCKED", "JAMMED", "LOCKING", "UNLOCKING");
+PROGMEM_STRING_TABLE(LockStateStrings, "UNKNOWN", "LOCKED", "UNLOCKED", "JAMMED", "LOCKING", "UNLOCKING", "OPENING",
+                     "OPEN");
 
 const LogString *lock_state_to_string(LockState state) {
   return LockStateStrings::get_log_str(static_cast<uint8_t>(state), 0);
@@ -74,12 +75,16 @@ LockCall &LockCall::set_state(optional<LockState> state) {
   return *this;
 }
 LockCall &LockCall::set_state(const char *state) {
-  if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(state, ESPHOME_PSTR("LOCKED")) == 0) {
+  if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(state, ESPHOME_PSTR("OPEN")) == 0) {
+    this->set_state(LOCK_STATE_OPEN);
+  } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(state, ESPHOME_PSTR("LOCKED")) == 0) {
     this->set_state(LOCK_STATE_LOCKED);
   } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(state, ESPHOME_PSTR("UNLOCKED")) == 0) {
     this->set_state(LOCK_STATE_UNLOCKED);
   } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(state, ESPHOME_PSTR("JAMMED")) == 0) {
     this->set_state(LOCK_STATE_JAMMED);
+  } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(state, ESPHOME_PSTR("OPENING")) == 0) {
+    this->set_state(LOCK_STATE_OPENING);
   } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(state, ESPHOME_PSTR("LOCKING")) == 0) {
     this->set_state(LOCK_STATE_LOCKING);
   } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(state, ESPHOME_PSTR("UNLOCKING")) == 0) {

esphome/components/lock/lock.h

@@ -26,7 +26,9 @@ enum LockState : uint8_t {
   LOCK_STATE_UNLOCKED = 2,
   LOCK_STATE_JAMMED = 3,
   LOCK_STATE_LOCKING = 4,
-  LOCK_STATE_UNLOCKING = 5
+  LOCK_STATE_UNLOCKING = 5,
+  LOCK_STATE_OPENING = 6,
+  LOCK_STATE_OPEN = 7,
 };
 const LogString *lock_state_to_string(LockState state);
 

esphome/components/logger/__init__.py

@@ -472,14 +472,15 @@ async def _late_logger_init(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         # esphome implement own fatal error handler which save PC/LR before reset
         zephyr_add_prj_conf("RESET_ON_FATAL_ERROR", False)
         zephyr_add_prj_conf("THREAD_LOCAL_STORAGE", True)
-        if config[CONF_HARDWARE_UART] == UART0:
-            zephyr_add_overlay("""&uart0 { status = "okay";};""")
-        if config[CONF_HARDWARE_UART] == UART1:
-            zephyr_add_overlay("""&uart1 { status = "okay";};""")
-        if config[CONF_HARDWARE_UART] == USB_CDC:
-            cg.add_define("USE_LOGGER_UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC")
-            zephyr_add_prj_conf("UART_LINE_CTRL", True)
-            zephyr_add_cdc_acm(config, 0)
+        if has_serial_logging:
+            if config[CONF_HARDWARE_UART] == UART0:
+                zephyr_add_overlay("""&uart0 { status = "okay";};""")
+            if config[CONF_HARDWARE_UART] == UART1:
+                zephyr_add_overlay("""&uart1 { status = "okay";};""")
+            if config[CONF_HARDWARE_UART] == USB_CDC:
+                cg.add_define("USE_LOGGER_UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC")
+                zephyr_add_prj_conf("UART_LINE_CTRL", True)
+                zephyr_add_cdc_acm(config, 0)
 
     # Register at end for safe mode
     await cg.register_component(log, config)

esphome/components/logger/logger_zephyr.cpp

@@ -65,10 +65,12 @@ void Logger::pre_setup() {
         break;
 #ifdef USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC
       case UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC:
+#ifdef CONFIG_USB_DEVICE_STACK
         uart_dev = DEVICE_DT_GET_OR_NULL(DT_NODELABEL(cdc_acm_uart0));
         if (device_is_ready(uart_dev)) {
           usb_enable(nullptr);
         }
+#endif
         break;
 #endif
     }

esphome/components/ltr390/ltr390.cpp

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ optional<uint32_t> LTR390Component::read_sensor_data_(LTR390MODE mode) {
   uint8_t buffer[num_bytes];
 
   // Wait until data available
+  constexpr uint32_t max_wait_ms = 25;
   const uint32_t now = millis();
   while (true) {
     std::bitset<8> status = this->reg(LTR390_MAIN_STATUS).get();
@@ -52,12 +53,12 @@ optional<uint32_t> LTR390Component::read_sensor_data_(LTR390MODE mode) {
     if (available)
       break;
 
-    if (millis() - now > 100) {
+    if (millis() - now > max_wait_ms) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Sensor didn't return any data, aborting");
       return {};
     }
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Waiting for data");
-    delay(2);
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Waiting for data");
+    delay(1);
   }
 
   if (!this->read_bytes(MODEADDRESSES[mode], buffer, num_bytes)) {

esphome/components/lvgl/hello_world.yaml

@@ -89,10 +89,12 @@
                       id: hello_world_label_
                       text: "Hello World!"
                       align: center
-            - obj:
+            - container:
                 id: hello_world_qrcode_
                 outline_width: 0
                 border_width: 0
+                height: 100
+                width: 100
                 hidden: !lambda |-
                     return lv_obj_get_width(lv_screen_active()) < 300 && lv_obj_get_height(lv_screen_active()) < 400;
                 widgets:

esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp

@@ -642,26 +642,28 @@ void LvglComponent::write_random_() {
   int iterations = 6 - lv_display_get_inactive_time(this->disp_) / 60000;
   if (iterations <= 0)
     iterations = 1;
+  int16_t width = lv_display_get_horizontal_resolution(this->disp_);
+  int16_t height = lv_display_get_vertical_resolution(this->disp_);
   while (iterations-- != 0) {
-    int32_t col = random_uint32() % this->width_;
+    int32_t col = random_uint32() % width;
     col = col / this->draw_rounding * this->draw_rounding;
-    int32_t row = random_uint32() % this->height_;
+    int32_t row = random_uint32() % height;
     row = row / this->draw_rounding * this->draw_rounding;
     // size will be between 8 and 32, and a multiple of draw_rounding
     int32_t size = (random_uint32() % 25 + 8) / this->draw_rounding * this->draw_rounding;
-    lv_area_t area{col, row, col + size - 1, row + size - 1};
+    lv_area_t area{.x1 = col, .y1 = row, .x2 = col + size - 1, .y2 = row + size - 1};
     // clip to display bounds just in case
-    if (area.x2 >= this->width_)
-      area.x2 = this->width_ - 1;
-    if (area.y2 >= this->height_)
-      area.y2 = this->height_ - 1;
+    if (area.x2 >= width)
+      area.x2 = width - 1;
+    if (area.y2 >= height)
+      area.y2 = height - 1;
 
     // line_len can't exceed 1024, and minimum buffer size is 2048, so this won't overflow the buffer
     size_t line_len = lv_area_get_width(&area) * lv_area_get_height(&area) / 2;
     for (size_t i = 0; i != line_len; i++) {
-      ((uint32_t *) (this->draw_buf_))[i] = random_uint32();
+      reinterpret_cast<uint32_t *>(this->draw_buf_)[i] = random_uint32();
     }
-    this->draw_buffer_(&area, (lv_color_data *) this->draw_buf_);
+    this->draw_buffer_(&area, reinterpret_cast<lv_color_data *>(this->draw_buf_));
   }
 }
 

esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.h

@@ -88,6 +88,12 @@ inline void lv_obj_set_style_bitmap_mask_src(lv_obj_t *obj, image::Image *image,
 inline void lv_obj_set_style_bg_image_src(lv_obj_t *obj, image::Image *image, lv_style_selector_t selector) {
   ::lv_obj_set_style_bg_image_src(obj, image->get_lv_image_dsc(), selector);
 }
+inline void lv_style_set_bg_image_src(lv_style_t *style, image::Image *image) {
+  ::lv_style_set_bg_image_src(style, image->get_lv_image_dsc());
+}
+inline void lv_style_set_bitmap_mask_src(lv_style_t *style, image::Image *image) {
+  ::lv_style_set_bitmap_mask_src(style, image->get_lv_image_dsc());
+}
 #endif  // USE_LVGL_IMAGE
 #ifdef USE_LVGL_ANIMIMG
 inline void lv_animimg_set_src(lv_obj_t *img, std::vector<image::Image *> images) {

esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/arc.py

@@ -77,8 +77,11 @@ class ArcType(NumberType):
                 # start_angle and end_angle are mapped to bg_start_angle and bg_end_angle
                 prop = str(prop)
                 if prop.endswith("_angle"):
-                    prop = "bg_" + prop
-                await w.set_property(prop, config, processor=validator)
+                    await w.set_property(
+                        "bg_" + prop, await validator.process(config.get(prop))
+                    )
+                else:
+                    await w.set_property(prop, config, processor=validator)
         if CONF_ADJUSTABLE in config:
             if not config[CONF_ADJUSTABLE]:
                 lv_obj.remove_style(w.obj, nullptr, LV_PART.KNOB)

esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/keyboard.py

@@ -52,19 +52,23 @@ class KeyboardType(WidgetType):
         if mode := config.get(CONF_MODE):
             await w.set_property(CONF_MODE, await KEYBOARD_MODES.process(mode))
         if textarea := config.get(CONF_TEXTAREA):
-            # If a textarea is configured, it must be generated before the keyboard can attach it.
-            # If not yet configured, defer the attachment code.
+            if not is_widget_completed(textarea):
+                # Can only happen for an initial config, where the keyboard is configured before the
+                # textarea, so it's ok to always emit into the global context
+                async def add_textarea():
+                    async with LvContext():
+                        await w.set_property(
+                            CONF_TEXTAREA,
+                            (await get_widgets(config, CONF_TEXTAREA))[0].obj,
+                        )
 
-            async def add_textarea():
-                async with LvContext():
-                    await w.set_property(
-                        CONF_TEXTAREA, (await get_widgets(config, CONF_TEXTAREA))[0].obj
-                    )
-
-            if is_widget_completed(textarea):
-                await add_textarea()
-            else:
                 CORE.add_job(add_textarea)
+            else:
+                # Handles updates in automations, and properly ordered initial config. Code is generated
+                # into the enclosing context (main or lambda)
+                await w.set_property(
+                    CONF_TEXTAREA, (await get_widgets(config, CONF_TEXTAREA))[0].obj
+                )
 
 
 keyboard_spec = KeyboardType()

esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/tabview.py

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ from ..defines import (
     literal,
 )
 from ..lv_validation import animated, lv_int, size
-from ..lvcode import LocalVariable, lv, lv_assign, lv_expr, lv_obj
+from ..lvcode import LocalVariable, lv, lv_assign, lv_expr, lv_obj, lv_Pvariable
 from ..schemas import container_schema, part_schema
 from ..types import LV_EVENT, LvType, ObjUpdateAction, lv_obj_t, lv_obj_t_ptr
 from . import Widget, WidgetType, add_widgets, get_widgets, set_obj_properties
@@ -83,8 +83,8 @@ class TabviewType(WidgetType):
         await w.set_property("tab_bar_size", await size.process(config[CONF_SIZE]))
         for tab_conf in config[CONF_TABS]:
             w_id = tab_conf[CONF_ID]
-            tab_obj = cg.Pvariable(w_id, cg.nullptr, type_=lv_tab_t)
-            tab_widget = Widget.create(w_id, tab_obj, obj_spec)
+            tab_obj = lv_Pvariable(lv_tab_t, w_id)
+            tab_widget = Widget.create(w_id, tab_obj, obj_spec, tab_conf)
             lv_assign(tab_obj, lv_expr.tabview_add_tab(w.obj, tab_conf[CONF_NAME]))
             await set_obj_properties(tab_widget, tab_conf)
             await add_widgets(tab_widget, tab_conf)

esphome/components/mcp23016/mcp23016.cpp

@@ -37,7 +37,10 @@ void IRAM_ATTR MCP23016::gpio_intr(MCP23016 *arg) { arg->enable_loop_soon_any_co
 void MCP23016::loop() {
   // Invalidate cache at the start of each loop
   this->reset_pin_cache_();
-  if (this->interrupt_pin_ != nullptr) {
+  // Only disable the loop once INT has actually gone HIGH. Input transitions that straddle the
+  // I2C read leave INT asserted without re-firing a falling edge, which would strand us with
+  // stale state forever; keep looping until the line is released so we self-heal.
+  if (this->interrupt_pin_ != nullptr && this->interrupt_pin_->digital_read()) {
     this->disable_loop();
   }
 }

esphome/components/mcp23xxx_base/mcp23xxx_base.h

@@ -21,7 +21,10 @@ template<uint8_t N> class MCP23XXXBase : public Component, public gpio_expander:
 
   void loop() override {
     this->reset_pin_cache_();
-    if (this->interrupt_pin_ != nullptr) {
+    // Only disable the loop once INT has actually gone HIGH. Input transitions that straddle the
+    // I2C read leave INT asserted without re-firing a falling edge, which would strand us with
+    // stale state forever; keep looping until the line is released so we self-heal.
+    if (this->interrupt_pin_ != nullptr && this->interrupt_pin_->digital_read()) {
       this->disable_loop();
     }
   }

esphome/components/media_player/__init__.py

@@ -1,20 +1,31 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
+
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import audio
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY,
+    CONF_FORMAT,
     CONF_ICON,
     CONF_ID,
+    CONF_NUM_CHANNELS,
     CONF_ON_IDLE,
     CONF_ON_STATE,
     CONF_ON_TURN_OFF,
     CONF_ON_TURN_ON,
+    CONF_SAMPLE_RATE,
     CONF_VOLUME,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
-from esphome.core.entity_helpers import entity_duplicate_validator, setup_entity
+from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
+    entity_duplicate_validator,
+    inherit_property_from,
+    setup_entity,
+)
 from esphome.coroutine import CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
-from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, MockObjClass
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
 
@@ -34,6 +45,102 @@ MEDIA_PLAYER_FORMAT_PURPOSE_ENUM = {
     "announcement": MediaPlayerFormatPurpose.PURPOSE_ANNOUNCEMENT,
 }
 
+# Public API for external components. Do not remove.
+FORMAT_MAPPING = {
+    "FLAC": "flac",
+    "MP3": "mp3",
+    "OPUS": "opus",
+    "WAV": "wav",
+}
+
+
+def build_supported_format_struct(
+    format_config: ConfigType, purpose: MockObj
+) -> cg.StructInitializer:
+    """Build a MediaPlayerSupportedFormat struct from a format config and purpose.
+
+    Public API for external components. Do not remove.
+    """
+    args = [
+        MediaPlayerSupportedFormat,
+        ("format", FORMAT_MAPPING[format_config[CONF_FORMAT]]),
+        ("sample_rate", format_config[CONF_SAMPLE_RATE]),
+        ("num_channels", format_config[CONF_NUM_CHANNELS]),
+        ("purpose", purpose),
+    ]
+
+    # Omit sample_bytes for MP3: ffmpeg transcoding in Home Assistant fails
+    # if the number of bytes per sample is specified for MP3.
+    if format_config[CONF_FORMAT] != "MP3":
+        args.append(("sample_bytes", 2))
+
+    return cg.StructInitializer(*args)
+
+
+def validate_preferred_format(
+    component_name: str, audio_device_key: str
+) -> Callable[[ConfigType], ConfigType]:
+    """Return a validator that inherits audio device settings and validates format constraints.
+
+    Public API for external components. Do not remove.
+    """
+
+    def validator(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+        # Inherit settings from audio device if not manually set
+        inherit_property_from(CONF_NUM_CHANNELS, audio_device_key)(config)
+        inherit_property_from(CONF_SAMPLE_RATE, audio_device_key)(config)
+
+        # Opus only supports 48 kHz
+        if config.get(CONF_FORMAT) == "OPUS" and config.get(CONF_SAMPLE_RATE) != 48000:
+            raise cv.Invalid("Opus only supports a sample rate of 48000 Hz")
+
+        # Validate the settings are compatible with the audio device
+        audio.final_validate_audio_schema(
+            component_name,
+            audio_device=audio_device_key,
+            bits_per_sample=16,
+            channels=config.get(CONF_NUM_CHANNELS),
+            sample_rate=config.get(CONF_SAMPLE_RATE),
+        )(config)
+
+        return config
+
+    return validator
+
+
+def request_codecs_for_format_configs(
+    config: ConfigType, format_config_keys: list[str]
+) -> None:
+    """Scan format configs for configured formats and request the needed codec support.
+
+    If any config uses "NONE" (accepts any format), all codecs are requested.
+
+    Public API for external components. Do not remove.
+    """
+    needed_formats: set[str] = set()
+    need_all = False
+
+    for key in format_config_keys:
+        if format_config := config.get(key):
+            fmt = format_config[CONF_FORMAT]
+            if fmt == "NONE":
+                need_all = True
+            else:
+                needed_formats.add(fmt)
+
+    if need_all:
+        audio.request_flac_support()
+        audio.request_mp3_support()
+        audio.request_opus_support()
+    else:
+        if "FLAC" in needed_formats:
+            audio.request_flac_support()
+        if "MP3" in needed_formats:
+            audio.request_mp3_support()
+        if "OPUS" in needed_formats:
+            audio.request_opus_support()
+
+
 # Local config key constants
 CONF_ANNOUNCEMENT = "announcement"
 CONF_ON_PLAY = "on_play"