Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/dev' into neutral-ble-client

Co-authored-by: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci-lite[bot] <117423508+pre-commit-ci-lite[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

esphome/components/alarm_control_panel/__init__.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 from esphome import automation
 from esphome.automation import maybe_simple_id
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import mqtt, web_server
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_CODE,
@@ -10,11 +9,11 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_MQTT_ID,
     CONF_ON_STATE,
-    CONF_WEB_SERVER,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority, entity_helpers
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
     entity_duplicate_validator,
+    mqtt_component_class,
     queue_entity_register,
     setup_entity,
 )
@@ -44,12 +43,12 @@ AlarmControlPanelState = alarm_control_panel_ns.enum("AlarmControlPanelState")
 
 
 _ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_SCHEMA = (
-    cv.ENTITY_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(web_server.WEBSERVER_SORTING_SCHEMA)
+    cv.ENTITY_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(entity_helpers.WEBSERVER_SORTING_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.MQTT_COMMAND_COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
     .extend(
         {
             cv.OnlyWith(CONF_MQTT_ID, "mqtt"): cv.declare_id(
-                mqtt.MQTTAlarmControlPanelComponent
+                mqtt_component_class("MQTTAlarmControlPanelComponent")
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_STATE): automation.validate_automation({}),
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_TRIGGERED): automation.validate_automation({}),
@@ -166,11 +165,7 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
 @setup_entity("alarm_control_panel")
 async def setup_alarm_control_panel_core_(var, config):
     await automation.build_callback_automations(var, config, _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS)
-    if web_server_config := config.get(CONF_WEB_SERVER):
-        await web_server.add_entity_config(var, web_server_config)
-    if mqtt_id := config.get(CONF_MQTT_ID):
-        mqtt_ = cg.new_Pvariable(mqtt_id, var)
-        await mqtt.register_mqtt_component(mqtt_, config)
+    await entity_helpers.setup_entity_integrations(var, config)
 
 
 async def register_alarm_control_panel(var, config):

esphome/components/at581x/switch/__init__.py

@@ -4,14 +4,13 @@ import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import DEVICE_CLASS_SWITCH, ICON_WIFI
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-from .. import CONF_AT581X_ID, AT581XComponent, at581x_ns
+from .. import CONF_AT581X_ID, AT581XComponent
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["at581x"]
 
-RFSwitch = at581x_ns.class_("RFSwitch", switch.Switch)
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = switch.switch_schema(
-    RFSwitch,
+    switch.ApplySwitch,
     device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_SWITCH,
     icon=ICON_WIFI,
 ).extend(
@@ -24,7 +23,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = switch.switch_schema(
 
 
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
-    at581x_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_AT581X_ID])
-    s = await switch.new_switch(config)
-    await cg.register_parented(s, config[CONF_AT581X_ID])
-    cg.add(at581x_component.set_rf_power_switch(s))
+    hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_AT581X_ID])
+    await switch.sub_switches(config, parent=hub).create(
+        config, hub.set_rf_power_switch, apply="set_rf_mode(state)", publish="before"
+    )

esphome/components/at581x/switch/rf_switch.cpp

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-#include "rf_switch.h"
-
-namespace esphome::at581x {
-
-void RFSwitch::write_state(bool state) {
-  this->publish_state(state);
-  this->parent_->set_rf_mode(state);
-}
-
-}  // namespace esphome::at581x

esphome/components/at581x/switch/rf_switch.h

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "esphome/components/switch/switch.h"
-#include "../at581x.h"
-
-namespace esphome::at581x {
-
-class RFSwitch final : public switch_::Switch, public Parented<AT581XComponent> {
- protected:
-  void write_state(bool state) override;
-};
-
-}  // namespace esphome::at581x

esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py

@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority, entity
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
     SubEntities,
     entity_duplicate_validator,
+    lazy_load_setup,
     lazy_load_validator,
     mqtt_component_class,
     queue_entity_register,
@@ -621,10 +622,7 @@ async def setup_binary_sensor_core_(var, config):
 
     await entity_helpers.setup_entity_integrations(var, config)
 
-    if "zigbee" in CORE.loaded_integrations:
-        from esphome.components import zigbee
-
-        await zigbee.setup_binary_sensor(var, config)
+    await lazy_load_setup("zigbee", "setup_binary_sensor", var, config)
 
 
 async def register_binary_sensor(var, config):

esphome/components/bl0939/bl0939.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "bl0939.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include <cinttypes>
 
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ static const uint8_t BL0939_REG_SOFT_RESET = 0x19;
 static const uint8_t BL0939_REG_USR_WRPROT = 0x1A;
 static const uint8_t BL0939_REG_TPS_CTRL = 0x1B;
 
-const uint8_t BL0939_INIT[6][6] = {
+static constexpr uint8_t BL0939_INIT[6][6] PROGMEM = {
     // Reset to default
     {BL0939_WRITE_COMMAND, BL0939_REG_SOFT_RESET, 0x5A, 0x5A, 0x5A, 0x33},
     // Enable User Operation Write
@@ -66,8 +67,10 @@ void BL0939::update() {
 }
 
 void BL0939::setup() {
-  for (auto *i : BL0939_INIT) {
-    this->write_array(i, 6);
+  uint8_t cmd[sizeof(BL0939_INIT[0])];
+  for (const auto *i : BL0939_INIT) {
+    progmem_memcpy(cmd, i, sizeof(cmd));
+    this->write_array(cmd, sizeof(cmd));
     delay(1);
   }
   this->flush();

esphome/components/ble_client/__init__.py

@@ -1,11 +1,23 @@
-from collections.abc import Coroutine
+from collections.abc import Callable, Coroutine
+import functools
 from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import automation
 from esphome.automation import maybe_simple_id
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32_ble, esp32_ble_client, esp32_ble_tracker
-from esphome.components.esp32_ble import BTLoggers
+from esphome.components import ble_device_base, bluetooth_connection
+from esphome.components.ble_device_base import (
+    BT_UUID16_FORMAT as bt_uuid16_format,
+    BT_UUID32_FORMAT as bt_uuid32_format,
+    BT_UUID128_FORMAT as bt_uuid128_format,
+    as_hex,
+    as_reversed_hex_array,
+    bt_uuid,
+)
+from esphome.config_helpers import (
+    filter_source_files_from_platform,
+    frameworks_for_platforms,
+)
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID,
@@ -18,15 +30,55 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_SERVICE_UUID,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
     CONF_VALUE,
+    PLATFORM_ESP32,
+    PlatformFramework,
 )
-from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID
+from esphome.enum import StrEnum
+from esphome.schema_extractors import SCHEMA_EXTRACT, schema_extractor
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-AUTO_LOAD = ["esp32_ble_client"]
+# The esp32 BLE stack (esp32_ble, esp32_ble_tracker) is imported lazily inside
+# the esp32 schema/codegen arms: importing those modules registers esp32-only
+# automations as a side effect, which must not leak into the neutral
+# platforms' registries (the bluetooth_proxy pattern).
+
+
+def _legacy_engine() -> bool:
+    """True when the build uses the legacy raw-gattc engine - one line to
+    flip when esp32 moves to the neutral engine (with
+    USE_BLE_CLIENT_LEGACY_ENGINE in _to_code_esp32)."""
+    return CORE.is_esp32
+
+
+def AUTO_LOAD() -> list[str]:
+    """The engine's closure per platform: the legacy esp32 engine builds on
+    esp32_ble_client plus bluetooth_connection (the shared service-table
+    materializer; its sources compile empty in builds without a neutral
+    node), the neutral engine on the bluetooth_connection backend. The
+    platform-less arm is the union for manifest-resolving tooling."""
+    if _legacy_engine() or CORE.target_platform is None:
+        return ["bluetooth_connection", "esp32_ble_client"]
+    return ["bluetooth_connection"]
+
+
 CODEOWNERS = ["@buxtronix", "@clydebarrow"]
-DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32_ble_tracker"]
 DOMAIN = "ble_client"
 
+FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
+    {
+        "ble_client.cpp": {
+            PlatformFramework.ESP32_ARDUINO,
+            PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        },
+        # Every framework of every non-esp32 registry platform: a platform
+        # that validates the neutral arm must also compile the neutral engine.
+        "ble_client_gatt.cpp": frameworks_for_platforms(
+            set(bluetooth_connection.GATT_CLIENT_PLATFORMS) - {PLATFORM_ESP32}
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
 CONF_DESCRIPTOR_UUID = "descriptor_uuid"
 CONF_ON_NOTIFY = "on_notify"
 
@@ -62,16 +114,12 @@ def notify_from_on_notify(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
 
 
 ble_client_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ble_client")
-BLEClient = ble_client_ns.class_("BLEClient", esp32_ble_client.BLEClientBase)
+# One codegen class for both engines: the exclusively-gated headers resolve
+# the name to exactly one C++ definition per build.
+BLEClient = ble_client_ns.class_("BLEClient", cg.Component)
 BLEClientNode = ble_client_ns.class_("BLEClientNode")
 BLEClientNodeConstRef = BLEClientNode.operator("ref").operator("const")
 # Triggers
-BLEClientConnectTrigger = ble_client_ns.class_(
-    "BLEClientConnectTrigger", automation.Trigger.template(BLEClientNodeConstRef)
-)
-BLEClientDisconnectTrigger = ble_client_ns.class_(
-    "BLEClientDisconnectTrigger", automation.Trigger.template(BLEClientNodeConstRef)
-)
 BLEClientPasskeyRequestTrigger = ble_client_ns.class_(
     "BLEClientPasskeyRequestTrigger", automation.Trigger.template(BLEClientNodeConstRef)
 )
@@ -109,62 +157,175 @@ CONF_AUTO_CONNECT = "auto_connect"
 
 MULTI_CONF = True
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
-    cv.Schema(
-        {
-            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BLEClient),
-            cv.Required(CONF_MAC_ADDRESS): cv.mac_address,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_NAME): cv.string,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_AUTO_CONNECT, default=True): cv.boolean,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_CONNECT): automation.validate_automation(
-                {
-                    cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(
-                        BLEClientConnectTrigger
-                    ),
-                }
-            ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_DISCONNECT): automation.validate_automation(
-                {
-                    cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(
-                        BLEClientDisconnectTrigger
-                    ),
-                }
-            ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_PASSKEY_REQUEST): automation.validate_automation(
-                {
-                    cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(
-                        BLEClientPasskeyRequestTrigger
-                    ),
-                }
-            ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_PASSKEY_NOTIFICATION): automation.validate_automation(
-                {
-                    cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(
-                        BLEClientPasskeyNotificationTrigger
-                    ),
-                }
-            ),
-            cv.Optional(
-                CONF_ON_NUMERIC_COMPARISON_REQUEST
-            ): automation.validate_automation(
-                {
-                    cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(
-                        BLEClientNumericComparisonRequestTrigger
-                    ),
-                }
-            ),
-        }
-    )
-    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
-    .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
-    esp32_ble.consume_connection_slots(1, "ble_client"),
+# Keys shared by both engines' schemas.
+_COMMON_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BLEClient),
+        cv.Required(CONF_MAC_ADDRESS): cv.mac_address,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_AUTO_CONNECT, default=True): cv.boolean,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_CONNECT): automation.validate_automation({}),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_DISCONNECT): automation.validate_automation({}),
+    }
+).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+
+# Both engines register these on the client; the Bluedroid-security triggers below stay trigger classes
+_CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
+    automation.CallbackAutomation(CONF_ON_CONNECT, "add_on_connect_callback"),
+    automation.CallbackAutomation(CONF_ON_DISCONNECT, "add_on_disconnect_callback"),
 )
 
+
+@functools.cache
+def _esp32_config_schema() -> cv.All:
+    """The legacy engine's schema, byte-compatible with what esp32 always had
+    (including the Bluedroid security triggers)."""
+    from esphome.components import esp32_ble_tracker
+
+    return cv.All(
+        _COMMON_SCHEMA.extend(
+            {
+                # Accepted-but-unused legacy key; not propagated to the
+                # neutral schema.
+                cv.Optional(CONF_NAME): cv.string,
+                cv.Optional(CONF_ON_PASSKEY_REQUEST): automation.validate_automation(
+                    {
+                        cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(
+                            BLEClientPasskeyRequestTrigger
+                        ),
+                    }
+                ),
+                cv.Optional(
+                    CONF_ON_PASSKEY_NOTIFICATION
+                ): automation.validate_automation(
+                    {
+                        cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(
+                            BLEClientPasskeyNotificationTrigger
+                        ),
+                    }
+                ),
+                cv.Optional(
+                    CONF_ON_NUMERIC_COMPARISON_REQUEST
+                ): automation.validate_automation(
+                    {
+                        cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(
+                            BLEClientNumericComparisonRequestTrigger
+                        ),
+                    }
+                ),
+            }
+        ).extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
+        bluetooth_connection.consume_gatt_slot("ble_client"),
+    )
+
+
+@functools.cache
+def _gatt_config_schema(platform: str) -> cv.All:
+    """The neutral engine's schema: the shared keys plus the hub reference
+    (parsed-advertisement sightings) and the GATT backend declaration.
+    Keyed by platform - the backend fragment differs per platform."""
+    return cv.All(
+        _COMMON_SCHEMA.extend(ble_device_base.BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA).extend(
+            bluetooth_connection.gatt_client_schema(platform)
+        ),
+        bluetooth_connection.consume_gatt_slot("ble_client"),
+    )
+
+
+@schema_extractor("schema")
+def _validate_platform(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    if config is SCHEMA_EXTRACT:
+        # Deliberate gap (the bluetooth_proxy pattern): the dumper gets only
+        # this shape, so the neutral arm's ble_hub_id is absent from editor
+        # schemas and the esp32-only keys are advertised on every platform.
+        # The language-schema dumper runs without a platform; expose the
+        # esp32 (legacy-engine) shape.
+        return _esp32_config_schema()
+    if _legacy_engine():
+        return _esp32_config_schema()(config)
+    if CORE.target_platform in bluetooth_connection.GATT_CLIENT_PLATFORMS:
+        return _gatt_config_schema(CORE.target_platform)(config)
+    raise cv.Invalid(f"ble_client is not supported on {CORE.target_platform}")
+
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = _validate_platform
+
 CONF_BLE_CLIENT_ID = "ble_client_id"
 
+
+class BLEClientFeatures(StrEnum):
+    """Per-platform engine capabilities consumers declare against."""
+
+    # The platform-neutral node interface (on_connected/table + completion
+    # callbacks) - every platform with a ble_client engine.
+    GATT_NODE = "gatt_node"
+    # The raw esp32 GATT client event stream (gattc/gap handlers,
+    # node_state) - the legacy engine only.
+    RAW_GATTC = "raw_gattc"
+    # Pairing dialog replies and bond management (Bluedroid GAP/SMP).
+    SECURITY = "security"
+
+
+def _engine_features() -> set[BLEClientFeatures]:
+    """Features the validated platform's engine provides."""
+    if _legacy_engine():
+        return {
+            BLEClientFeatures.GATT_NODE,
+            BLEClientFeatures.RAW_GATTC,
+            BLEClientFeatures.SECURITY,
+        }
+    if CORE.target_platform in bluetooth_connection.GATT_CLIENT_PLATFORMS:
+        return {BLEClientFeatures.GATT_NODE}
+    return set()
+
+
+def requires_feature(
+    feature: BLEClientFeatures, description: str
+) -> Callable[[Any], Any]:
+    """Validator gating a consumer to platforms whose engine provides
+    `feature`, naming the missing capability in the error."""
+
+    def validator(value: Any) -> Any:
+        features = _engine_features()
+        if feature not in features:
+            available = (
+                f"; this platform's engine provides: {', '.join(sorted(features))}"
+                if features
+                else ""
+            )
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"{description} requires the ble_client '{feature}' feature, "
+                f"which {CORE.target_platform} does not provide{available}"
+            )
+        return value
+
+    return validator
+
+
+# The one choke point for every node component still on the raw esp32 event
+# stream; migrating to the neutral interface (NODE_BLE_CLIENT_SCHEMA +
+# register_gatt_node) lifts it.
+_legacy_engine_only = requires_feature(
+    BLEClientFeatures.RAW_GATTC,
+    "This component drives the raw ESP32 GATT client events and has not "
+    "been migrated to the platform-neutral node interface yet; it",
+)
+
 BLE_CLIENT_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
-        cv.GenerateID(CONF_BLE_CLIENT_ID): cv.use_id(BLEClient),
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_BLE_CLIENT_ID): cv.All(
+            cv.use_id(BLEClient), _legacy_engine_only
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+# For node components on the neutral interface: valid wherever ble_client
+# itself is.
+NODE_BLE_CLIENT_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_BLE_CLIENT_ID): cv.All(
+            cv.use_id(BLEClient),
+            requires_feature(BLEClientFeatures.GATT_NODE, "This component"),
+        ),
     }
 )
 
@@ -174,6 +335,26 @@ async def register_ble_node(var, config):
     cg.add(parent.register_ble_node(var))
 
 
+def _request_gatt_node_build() -> None:
+    """Node storage and the one define meaning "the neutral node surface is
+    compiled in", plus the esp32 bridge/materializer defines."""
+    _request_node_slot()
+    cg.add_define("USE_BLE_CLIENT_GATT_NODES")
+    if _legacy_engine():
+        # Deliberately not ble_device_base.request_gatt_client(): that would
+        # claim a phantom backend slot on combined proxy builds.
+        cg.add_define("USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT")
+        cg.add_define("USE_BLE_GATT_BACKEND_BLUEDROID")
+        cg.add_define("USE_BLUEDROID_GATT_SERVICE_TABLE")
+
+
+async def register_gatt_node(var, config):
+    """Register a node on the platform-neutral interface (both engines)."""
+    parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_BLE_CLIENT_ID])
+    _request_gatt_node_build()
+    cg.add(parent.register_gatt_node(var))
+
+
 def new_ble_node_component(
     config: ConfigType, *args: Any
 ) -> Coroutine[Any, Any, cg.MockObj]:
@@ -184,8 +365,8 @@ def new_ble_node_component(
 BLE_WRITE_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
         cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(BLEClient),
-        cv.Required(CONF_SERVICE_UUID): esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid,
-        cv.Required(CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID): esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid,
+        cv.Required(CONF_SERVICE_UUID): bt_uuid,
+        cv.Required(CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID): bt_uuid,
         cv.Required(CONF_VALUE): cv.templatable(cv.ensure_list(cv.hex_uint8_t)),
     }
 )
@@ -196,25 +377,34 @@ BLE_CONNECT_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
     }
 )
 
-BLE_NUMERIC_COMPARISON_REPLY_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(BLEClient),
-        cv.Required(CONF_ACCEPT): cv.templatable(cv.boolean),
-    }
+BLE_NUMERIC_COMPARISON_REPLY_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    requires_feature(BLEClientFeatures.SECURITY, "This action"),
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(BLEClient),
+            cv.Required(CONF_ACCEPT): cv.templatable(cv.boolean),
+        }
+    ),
 )
 
-BLE_PASSKEY_REPLY_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(BLEClient),
-        cv.Required(CONF_PASSKEY): cv.templatable(cv.int_range(min=0, max=999999)),
-    }
+BLE_PASSKEY_REPLY_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    requires_feature(BLEClientFeatures.SECURITY, "This action"),
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(BLEClient),
+            cv.Required(CONF_PASSKEY): cv.templatable(cv.int_range(min=0, max=999999)),
+        }
+    ),
 )
 
 
-BLE_REMOVE_BOND_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(BLEClient),
-    }
+BLE_REMOVE_BOND_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    requires_feature(BLEClientFeatures.SECURITY, "This action"),
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(BLEClient),
+        }
+    ),
 )
 
 
@@ -242,6 +432,8 @@ automation.register_simple_action(
 )
 async def ble_write_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
+    # The action registers itself as a neutral node in its constructor.
+    _request_gatt_node_build()
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, parent)
 
     value = config[CONF_VALUE]
@@ -256,38 +448,20 @@ async def ble_write_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
         arr = cg.static_const_array(arr_id, cg.ArrayInitializer(*value))
         cg.add(var.set_value_simple(arr, len(value)))
 
-    if len(config[CONF_SERVICE_UUID]) == len(esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid16_format):
-        cg.add(
-            var.set_service_uuid16(esp32_ble_tracker.as_hex(config[CONF_SERVICE_UUID]))
-        )
-    elif len(config[CONF_SERVICE_UUID]) == len(esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid32_format):
-        cg.add(
-            var.set_service_uuid32(esp32_ble_tracker.as_hex(config[CONF_SERVICE_UUID]))
-        )
-    elif len(config[CONF_SERVICE_UUID]) == len(esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid128_format):
-        uuid128 = esp32_ble_tracker.as_reversed_hex_array(config[CONF_SERVICE_UUID])
+    if len(config[CONF_SERVICE_UUID]) == len(bt_uuid16_format):
+        cg.add(var.set_service_uuid16(as_hex(config[CONF_SERVICE_UUID])))
+    elif len(config[CONF_SERVICE_UUID]) == len(bt_uuid32_format):
+        cg.add(var.set_service_uuid32(as_hex(config[CONF_SERVICE_UUID])))
+    elif len(config[CONF_SERVICE_UUID]) == len(bt_uuid128_format):
+        uuid128 = as_reversed_hex_array(config[CONF_SERVICE_UUID])
         cg.add(var.set_service_uuid128(uuid128))
 
-    if len(config[CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID]) == len(esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid16_format):
-        cg.add(
-            var.set_char_uuid16(
-                esp32_ble_tracker.as_hex(config[CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID])
-            )
-        )
-    elif len(config[CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID]) == len(
-        esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid32_format
-    ):
-        cg.add(
-            var.set_char_uuid32(
-                esp32_ble_tracker.as_hex(config[CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID])
-            )
-        )
-    elif len(config[CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID]) == len(
-        esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid128_format
-    ):
-        uuid128 = esp32_ble_tracker.as_reversed_hex_array(
-            config[CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID]
-        )
+    if len(config[CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID]) == len(bt_uuid16_format):
+        cg.add(var.set_char_uuid16(as_hex(config[CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID])))
+    elif len(config[CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID]) == len(bt_uuid32_format):
+        cg.add(var.set_char_uuid32(as_hex(config[CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID])))
+    elif len(config[CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID]) == len(bt_uuid128_format):
+        uuid128 = as_reversed_hex_array(config[CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID])
         cg.add(var.set_char_uuid128(uuid128))
 
     return var
@@ -341,22 +515,48 @@ automation.register_simple_action(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def _to_code_esp32(config: ConfigType) -> cg.MockObj:
+    from esphome.components import esp32_ble, esp32_ble_tracker
+    from esphome.components.esp32_ble import BTLoggers
+
     # Register the loggers this component needs
     esp32_ble.register_bt_logger(BTLoggers.GATT, BTLoggers.SMP)
     cg.add_define("USE_ESP32_BLE_UUID")
+    cg.add_define("USE_BLE_CLIENT_LEGACY_ENGINE")
 
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await esp32_ble_tracker.register_client(var, config)
+    return var
+
+
+# Sizes the neutral client's node storage; the client itself requests a
+# baseline slot so the define exists on every build that compiles the engine.
+_request_node_slot = cg.slot_counter("ESPHOME_BLE_CLIENT_MAX_NODES")
+
+
+async def _to_code_gatt(config: ConfigType) -> cg.MockObj:
+    # The engine always carries the node surface (the client itself owns the
+    # baseline slot).
+    _request_gatt_node_build()
+    backend = await bluetooth_connection.new_gatt_backend(config)
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    cg.add(var.set_backend(backend))
+    # Sighting-gated connects: the client listens for the peer's parsed
+    # advertisements through the hub.
+    await ble_device_base.register_ble_device(var, config)
+    return var
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    if _legacy_engine():
+        var = await _to_code_esp32(config)
+    else:
+        var = await _to_code_gatt(config)
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].as_hex))
     cg.add(var.set_auto_connect(config[CONF_AUTO_CONNECT]))
-    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_CONNECT, []):
-        trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
-        await automation.build_automation(trigger, [], conf)
-    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_DISCONNECT, []):
-        trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
-        await automation.build_automation(trigger, [], conf)
+    await automation.build_callback_automations(var, config, _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS)
     for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_PASSKEY_REQUEST, []):
         trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
         await automation.build_automation(trigger, [], conf)

esphome/components/ble_client/automation.cpp

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
-#include "automation.h"
-
-namespace esphome::ble_client {
-
-const char *const Automation::TAG = "ble_client.automation";  // NOLINT: ble_client never builds for ESP8266
-
-}  // namespace esphome::ble_client
-
-#endif

esphome/components/ble_client/automation.h

@@ -1,27 +1,14 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 
-#include <utility>
-#include <vector>
+#ifdef USE_BLE_CLIENT_LEGACY_ENGINE
 
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/components/ble_client/ble_client.h"
-#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
-#include "esphome/core/log.h"
-
-// Maximum bytes to log in hex format for BLE writes (many logging buffers are 256 chars)
-static constexpr size_t BLE_WRITE_MAX_LOG_BYTES = 64;
 
 namespace esphome::ble_client {
 
-// placeholder class for static TAG .
-class Automation {
- public:
-  // could be made inline with C++17
-  static const char *const TAG;
-};
-
 // Base for nodes that never read the parent's services.
 // The parent releases its services only once every node reports Established, so a node that never
 // reports it keeps that memory allocated for the life of the connection.
@@ -39,45 +26,6 @@ class BLEClientServicelessNode : public BLEClientNode {
   virtual void on_gattc_event(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if, esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param) {}
 };
 
-// implement on_connect automation.
-class BLEClientConnectTrigger final : public Trigger<>, public BLEClientNode {
- public:
-  explicit BLEClientConnectTrigger(BLEClient *parent) { parent->register_ble_node(this); }
-  void loop() override {}
-  void gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if,
-                           esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param) override {
-    if (event == ESP_GATTC_SEARCH_CMPL_EVT) {
-      this->node_state = espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED;
-      this->trigger();
-    }
-  }
-};
-
-// on_disconnect automation
-class BLEClientDisconnectTrigger final : public Trigger<>, public BLEClientNode {
- public:
-  explicit BLEClientDisconnectTrigger(BLEClient *parent) { parent->register_ble_node(this); }
-  void loop() override {}
-  void gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if,
-                           esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param) override {
-    // test for CLOSE and not DISCONNECT - DISCONNECT can occur even if no virtual connection (OPEN event) occurred.
-    // So this will not trigger unless a complete open has previously succeeded.
-    switch (event) {
-      case ESP_GATTC_SEARCH_CMPL_EVT: {
-        this->node_state = espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED;
-        break;
-      }
-      case ESP_GATTC_CLOSE_EVT: {
-        this->trigger();
-        break;
-      }
-      default: {
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-};
-
 class BLEClientPasskeyRequestTrigger final : public Trigger<>, public BLEClientServicelessNode {
  public:
   explicit BLEClientPasskeyRequestTrigger(BLEClient *parent) { parent->register_ble_node(this); }
@@ -110,144 +58,6 @@ class BLEClientNumericComparisonRequestTrigger final : public Trigger<uint32_t>,
   }
 };
 
-// implement the ble_client.ble_write action.
-template<typename... Ts> class BLEClientWriteAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public BLEClientNode {
- public:
-  BLEClientWriteAction(BLEClient *ble_client) {
-    ble_client->register_ble_node(this);
-    ble_client_ = ble_client;
-  }
-
-  void set_service_uuid16(uint16_t uuid) { this->service_uuid_ = espbt::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(uuid); }
-  void set_service_uuid32(uint32_t uuid) { this->service_uuid_ = espbt::ESPBTUUID::from_uint32(uuid); }
-  void set_service_uuid128(uint8_t *uuid) { this->service_uuid_ = espbt::ESPBTUUID::from_raw(uuid); }
-
-  void set_char_uuid16(uint16_t uuid) { this->char_uuid_ = espbt::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(uuid); }
-  void set_char_uuid32(uint32_t uuid) { this->char_uuid_ = espbt::ESPBTUUID::from_uint32(uuid); }
-  void set_char_uuid128(uint8_t *uuid) { this->char_uuid_ = espbt::ESPBTUUID::from_raw(uuid); }
-
-  void set_value_template(std::vector<uint8_t> (*func)(Ts...)) {
-    this->value_.func = func;
-    this->len_ = -1;  // Sentinel value indicates template mode
-  }
-
-  // Store pointer to static data in flash (no RAM copy)
-  void set_value_simple(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
-    this->value_.data = data;
-    this->len_ = len;  // Length >= 0 indicates static mode
-  }
-
-  void play(const Ts &...x) override {}
-
-  void play_complex(const Ts &...x) override {
-    this->num_running_++;
-    this->var_ = std::make_tuple(x...);
-
-    bool result;
-    if (this->len_ >= 0) {
-      // Static mode: write directly from flash pointer
-      result = this->write(this->value_.data, this->len_);
-    } else {
-      // Template mode: call function and write the vector
-      std::vector<uint8_t> value = this->value_.func(x...);
-      result = this->write(value);
-    }
-
-    // on write failure, continue the automation chain rather than stopping so that e.g. disconnect can work.
-    if (!result)
-      this->play_next_(x...);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Note about logging: the esph_log_X macros are used here because the CI checks complain about use of the ESP LOG
-   * macros in header files (Can't even write it in a comment!)
-   * Not sure why, because they seem to work just fine.
-   * The problem is that the implementation of a templated class can't be placed in a .cpp file when using C++ less than
-   * 17, so the methods have to be here.  The esph_log_X macros are equivalent in function, but don't trigger the CI
-   * errors.
-   */
-  // initiate the write. Return true if all went well, will be followed by a WRITE_CHAR event.
-  bool write(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
-    if (this->node_state != espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED) {
-      esph_log_w(Automation::TAG, "Cannot write to BLE characteristic - not connected");
-      return false;
-    }
-#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERY_VERBOSE
-    char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(BLE_WRITE_MAX_LOG_BYTES)];
-    esph_log_vv(Automation::TAG, "Will write %d bytes: %s", len, format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, data, len));
-#endif
-    esp_err_t err =
-        esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->parent()->get_gattc_if(), this->parent()->get_conn_id(), this->char_handle_, len,
-                                 const_cast<uint8_t *>(data), this->write_type_, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
-    if (err != ESP_OK) {
-      esph_log_e(Automation::TAG, "Error writing to characteristic: %s!", esp_err_to_name(err));
-      return false;
-    }
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  bool write(const std::vector<uint8_t> &value) { return this->write(value.data(), value.size()); }
-
-  void gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if,
-                           esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param) override {
-    switch (event) {
-      case ESP_GATTC_WRITE_CHAR_EVT:
-        // upstream code checked the MAC address, verify the characteristic.
-        if (param->write.handle == this->char_handle_)
-          this->parent()->run_later([this]() { this->play_next_tuple_(this->var_); });
-        break;
-      case ESP_GATTC_DISCONNECT_EVT:
-        if (this->num_running_ != 0)
-          this->stop_complex();
-        break;
-      case ESP_GATTC_SEARCH_CMPL_EVT: {
-        auto *chr = this->parent()->get_characteristic(this->service_uuid_, this->char_uuid_);
-        if (chr == nullptr) {
-          char char_buf[esp32_ble::UUID_STR_LEN];
-          char service_buf[esp32_ble::UUID_STR_LEN];
-          esph_log_w("ble_write_action", "Characteristic %s was not found in service %s",
-                     this->char_uuid_.to_str(char_buf), this->service_uuid_.to_str(service_buf));
-          break;
-        }
-        this->char_handle_ = chr->handle;
-        this->char_props_ = chr->properties;
-        if (this->char_props_ & ESP_GATT_CHAR_PROP_BIT_WRITE) {
-          this->write_type_ = ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_RSP;
-          esph_log_d(Automation::TAG, "Write type: ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_RSP");
-        } else if (this->char_props_ & ESP_GATT_CHAR_PROP_BIT_WRITE_NR) {
-          this->write_type_ = ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP;
-          esph_log_d(Automation::TAG, "Write type: ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP");
-        } else {
-          char char_buf[esp32_ble::UUID_STR_LEN];
-          esph_log_e(Automation::TAG, "Characteristic %s does not allow writing", this->char_uuid_.to_str(char_buf));
-          break;
-        }
-        this->node_state = espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED;
-        char char_buf[esp32_ble::UUID_STR_LEN];
-        esph_log_d(Automation::TAG, "Found characteristic %s on device %s", this->char_uuid_.to_str(char_buf),
-                   ble_client_->address_str());
-        break;
-      }
-      default:
-        break;
-    }
-  }
-
- private:
-  BLEClient *ble_client_;
-  ssize_t len_{-1};  // -1 = template mode, >=0 = static mode with length
-  union Value {
-    std::vector<uint8_t> (*func)(Ts...);  // Function pointer (stateless lambdas)
-    const uint8_t *data;                  // Pointer to static data in flash
-  } value_;
-  espbt::ESPBTUUID service_uuid_;
-  espbt::ESPBTUUID char_uuid_;
-  std::tuple<Ts...> var_{};
-  uint16_t char_handle_{};
-  esp_gatt_char_prop_t char_props_{};
-  esp_gatt_write_type_t write_type_{};
-};
-
 template<typename... Ts> class BLEClientPasskeyReplyAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   BLEClientPasskeyReplyAction(BLEClient *ble_client) { parent_ = ble_client; }

esphome/components/ble_client/automation_gatt.h

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+// Neutral twins of the shared ble_client automations. Class names, namespace,
+// and codegen-visible signatures are IDENTICAL to automation.h so generated
+// main.cpp compiles against whichever engine the build gates in; only the
+// internals differ (client callbacks and the neutral node interface instead
+// of raw gattc events). The Bluedroid-security automations (passkey, numeric
+// comparison, remove bond) have no neutral equivalent and stay esp32-only.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#if defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT) && !defined(USE_BLE_CLIENT_LEGACY_ENGINE)
+
+#include <tuple>
+
+#include "ble_client_gatt.h"
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ble_client {
+
+template<typename... Ts> class BLEClientConnectAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  BLEClientConnectAction(BLEClient *ble_client) {
+    ble_client_ = ble_client;
+    ble_client->add_on_connect_callback([this]() {
+      if (this->num_running_ != 0)
+        this->play_next_tuple_(this->var_);
+    });
+    // A connect attempt that dies (or a later disconnect) terminates the
+    // chain - unless a fresh attempt is already in flight, meaning a user
+    // trigger on this same list started this action (an on_disconnect that
+    // reconnects) and the wait belongs to that attempt. Legacy split these:
+    // it aborted on DISCONNECT_EVT, the trigger fired on the later CLOSE_EVT.
+    auto terminate = [this]() {
+      if (this->num_running_ != 0 && this->ble_client_->idle())
+        this->stop_complex();
+    };
+    ble_client->add_on_connect_failed_callback(terminate);
+    ble_client->add_on_disconnect_callback(terminate);
+  }
+
+  // not used since we override play_complex_
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {}
+
+  void play_complex(const Ts &...x) override {
+    // it makes no sense to have multiple instances of this running at the
+    // same time; cancel a re-trigger while still running.
+    if (this->num_running_ != 0) {
+      this->stop_complex();
+      return;
+    }
+    this->num_running_++;
+    if (this->ble_client_->connected()) {
+      this->play_next_(x...);
+    } else {
+      this->var_ = std::make_tuple(x...);
+      // No-op while already connecting; the callback resolves the wait.
+      this->ble_client_->connect();
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  BLEClient *ble_client_;
+  std::tuple<Ts...> var_{};
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class BLEClientDisconnectAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  BLEClientDisconnectAction(BLEClient *ble_client) {
+    ble_client_ = ble_client;
+    // Both terminal outcomes resolve the wait: a completed teardown and a
+    // connect attempt that died on the way down.
+    ble_client->add_on_disconnect_callback([this]() {
+      if (this->num_running_ != 0)
+        this->play_next_tuple_(this->var_);
+    });
+    ble_client->add_on_connect_failed_callback([this]() {
+      if (this->num_running_ != 0)
+        this->play_next_tuple_(this->var_);
+    });
+  }
+
+  // not used since we override play_complex_
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {}
+
+  void play_complex(const Ts &...x) override {
+    this->num_running_++;
+    if (this->ble_client_->idle()) {
+      this->play_next_(x...);
+    } else {
+      this->var_ = std::make_tuple(x...);
+      this->ble_client_->disconnect();
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  BLEClient *ble_client_;
+  std::tuple<Ts...> var_{};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_client
+
+#endif  // USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT && !USE_BLE_CLIENT_LEGACY_ENGINE

esphome/components/ble_client/ble_client.cpp

@@ -2,10 +2,16 @@
 #include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h"
 #include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#ifdef USE_BLE_CLIENT_LEGACY_ENGINE
+
+#ifdef USE_BLE_CLIENT_GATT_NODES
+#include "esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection.h"
+#include "esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/gatt_service_table_bluedroid.h"
+#endif
 
 namespace esphome::ble_client {
 
@@ -30,6 +36,10 @@ void BLEClient::dump_config() {
 bool BLEClient::parse_device(const espbt::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   if (!this->enabled)
     return false;
+#ifdef USE_BLE_CLIENT_GATT_NODES
+  if (device.address_uint64() == this->address_ && this->gatt_backoff_.holding_off())
+    return false;
+#endif
   return BLEClientBase::parse_device(device);
 }
 
@@ -40,24 +50,65 @@ void BLEClient::set_enabled(bool enabled) {
   if (!enabled) {
     ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%s] Disabling BLE client.", this->address_str());
     this->disconnect();
+    return;
   }
+#ifdef USE_BLE_CLIENT_GATT_NODES
+  // A re-enable clears the backoff (neutral-engine parity).
+  this->gatt_backoff_.reset();
+#endif
 }
 
 bool BLEClient::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t esp_gattc_if,
                                     esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param) {
+#ifdef USE_BLE_CLIENT_GATT_NODES
+  // Bridge-initiated registrations bypass the base's REG_FOR_NOTIFY handling:
+  // its automatic CCCD write would double the node's own.
+  // Handle-keyed: mixed legacy/neutral subscriptions to one characteristic
+  // are unsupported during the migration window.
+  if (event == ESP_GATTC_REG_FOR_NOTIFY_EVT && esp_gattc_if == this->gattc_if_ &&
+      this->take_pending_gatt_reg_(param->reg_for_notify.handle)) {
+    if (this->pending_notify_regs_ > 0)
+      this->pending_notify_regs_--;
+    int err = param->reg_for_notify.status == ESP_GATT_OK ? 0 : param->reg_for_notify.status;
+    this->notify_state_to_gatt_nodes_(param->reg_for_notify.handle, true, err);
+    // A retiring last registration must still release the cache.
+    this->maybe_release_services_();
+    return true;
+  }
+#endif
   if (!BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(event, esp_gattc_if, param))
     return false;
 
+#ifdef USE_BLE_CLIENT_GATT_NODES
+  // Before the legacy fan-out so gatt nodes resolve before any trigger fires.
+  if (!this->gatt_nodes_.empty()) {
+    if (event == ESP_GATTC_SEARCH_CMPL_EVT) {
+      // A failed discovery tears the link down; the on_connect trigger must
+      // not fire into the teardown.
+      if (!this->handle_gatt_search_cmpl_(param->search_cmpl.status))
+        return true;
+    } else {
+      this->dispatch_gatt_event_(event, param);
+    }
+  }
+#endif
   for (auto *node : this->nodes_)
     node->gattc_event_handler(event, esp_gattc_if, param);
+  // The automations run after the nodes; on_connect runs before the release so it can still use the services
+  if (event == ESP_GATTC_SEARCH_CMPL_EVT)
+    this->connect_callbacks_.call();
+  this->maybe_release_services_();
+  if (event == ESP_GATTC_CLOSE_EVT)
+    this->disconnect_callbacks_.call();
+  return true;
+}
 
+void BLEClient::maybe_release_services_() {
   // The release frees the GATT cache that BLEClientBase's CCCD lookup still needs.
-  // The last REG_FOR_NOTIFY event clears the counter before node dispatch, so the release still runs here.
   if (!this->services_.empty() && !this->notify_registration_pending() && this->all_nodes_established_()) {
     this->release_services();
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "All clients established, services released");
   }
-  return true;
 }
 
 void BLEClient::gap_event_handler(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t event, esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t *param) {
@@ -65,10 +116,19 @@ void BLEClient::gap_event_handler(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t event, esp_ble_gap_cb_p
 
   for (auto *node : this->nodes_)
     node->gap_event_handler(event, param);
+#ifdef USE_BLE_CLIENT_GATT_NODES
+  if (event == ESP_GAP_BLE_AUTH_CMPL_EVT && this->check_addr(param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.bd_addr)) {
+    int status = param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.success ? 0 : param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.fail_reason;
+    for (auto *node : this->gatt_nodes_)
+      node->on_pairing_result(status);
+  }
+#endif
 }
 
 void BLEClient::set_state(espbt::ClientState state) {
   BLEClientBase::set_state(state);
+  // ESTABLISHED never flows through here; gatt nodes are promoted after the
+  // on_connected fan-out.
   for (auto &node : nodes_)
     node->node_state = state;
 }
@@ -83,6 +143,221 @@ bool BLEClient::all_nodes_established_() {
   return true;
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_BLE_CLIENT_GATT_NODES
+
+void BLEClient::register_gatt_node(BLEClientNode *node) {
+  // Parent before the capacity check so a dropped node still has a usable
+  // parent() (neutral-engine parity).
+  node->set_ble_client_parent(this);
+  if (this->gatt_nodes_.size() == ESPHOME_BLE_CLIENT_MAX_NODES) {
+    // push_back past capacity is a silent no-op; an undersized slot count
+    // must be loud at boot, not an unresolvable node at runtime.
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%s] Node capacity exceeded; node dropped", this->address_str());
+    this->status_set_error(LOG_STR("node capacity exceeded"));
+    return;
+  }
+  this->gatt_nodes_.push_back(node);
+  // nodes_ covers the shared state bookkeeping; gatt_nodes_ is the neutral
+  // fan-out subset.
+  this->register_ble_node(node);
+}
+
+int BLEClient::find_pending_gatt_reg_(uint16_t handle) const {
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < this->pending_gatt_reg_count_; i++) {
+    if (this->pending_gatt_regs_[i] == handle)
+      return i;
+  }
+  return -1;
+}
+
+bool BLEClient::take_pending_gatt_reg_(uint16_t handle) {
+  int i = this->find_pending_gatt_reg_(handle);
+  if (i < 0)
+    return false;
+  // No duplicates (notify_characteristic refuses a re-push); swap-with-last.
+  this->pending_gatt_regs_[i] = this->pending_gatt_regs_[--this->pending_gatt_reg_count_];
+  return true;
+}
+
+void BLEClient::notify_state_to_gatt_nodes_(uint16_t handle, bool enabled, int error) {
+  if (error != 0) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Notify %s on handle 0x%04x failed, status=%d", this->address_str(),
+             enabled ? "enable" : "disable", handle, error);
+  }
+  for (auto *node : this->gatt_nodes_)
+    node->on_notify_state(handle, enabled, error);
+}
+
+void BLEClient::dispatch_gatt_event_(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param) {
+  switch (event) {
+    case ESP_GATTC_READ_CHAR_EVT:
+    case ESP_GATTC_READ_DESCR_EVT: {
+      bool ok = param->read.status == ESP_GATT_OK;
+      if (!ok) {
+        // Breadcrumb even when no node claims the handle.
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] Read on handle 0x%04x completed with status %d", this->address_str(), param->read.handle,
+                 param->read.status);
+      }
+      for (auto *node : this->gatt_nodes_) {
+        node->on_read_result(param->read.handle, ok ? param->read.value : nullptr, ok ? param->read.value_len : 0,
+                             ok ? 0 : param->read.status);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case ESP_GATTC_WRITE_CHAR_EVT:
+    case ESP_GATTC_WRITE_DESCR_EVT:
+      if (param->write.status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
+        // Breadcrumb even when no node claims the handle.
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] Write on handle 0x%04x completed with status %d", this->address_str(), param->write.handle,
+                 param->write.status);
+      }
+      for (auto *node : this->gatt_nodes_) {
+        node->on_write_result(param->write.handle, param->write.status == ESP_GATT_OK ? 0 : param->write.status);
+      }
+      break;
+    case ESP_GATTC_NOTIFY_EVT:
+      for (auto *node : this->gatt_nodes_) {
+        node->on_notify(param->notify.handle, param->notify.value, param->notify.value_len);
+      }
+      break;
+    case ESP_GATTC_UNREG_FOR_NOTIFY_EVT:
+      // The base does no CCCD work for unregister; no interception needed.
+      this->notify_state_to_gatt_nodes_(
+          param->unreg_for_notify.handle, false,
+          param->unreg_for_notify.status == ESP_GATT_OK ? 0 : param->unreg_for_notify.status);
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+bool BLEClient::handle_gatt_search_cmpl_(esp_gatt_status_t status) {
+  // The base ignores the search status; the neutral contract must not.
+  uint16_t service_total = 0;
+  bool counted = status == ESP_GATT_OK && bluetooth_connection::BluedroidServiceTable::count_services(
+                                              this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, &service_total);
+  if (!counted || service_total == 0) {
+    // A failed search poisons the whole discovery, legacy nodes included.
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Discovery failed (status=%d, services=%u)", this->address_str(), status, service_total);
+    this->gatt_backoff_.register_failure(this->address_str());
+    this->disconnect();
+    return false;
+  }
+  // Stack-owned; nodes copy their handles during on_connected().
+  bluetooth_connection::BluedroidServiceTable table;
+  if (!table.build(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, service_total, this->connection_index_)) {
+    if (!this->has_legacy_nodes_()) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Service table build failed; treating as failed discovery", this->address_str());
+      this->gatt_backoff_.register_failure(this->address_str());
+      this->disconnect();
+      return false;
+    }
+    // Only the table build failed; legacy nodes read the base's services_
+    // and keep the link. Gatt nodes catch the next connection.
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Service table build failed; gatt nodes skip this connection", this->address_str());
+    this->status_set_warning(LOG_STR("gatt nodes inactive: service table build failed"));
+    // A peer whose database never walks must not retry the build at
+    // advertisement cadence once the legacy nodes drop the link.
+    this->gatt_backoff_.register_failure(this->address_str());
+  } else {
+    this->gatt_connected_ = true;
+    auto view = table.view();
+    for (auto *node : this->gatt_nodes_) {
+      node->on_connected(view);
+      if (this->state() != espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED) {
+        // The node tore the link down; remaining nodes get on_disconnected
+        // with no preceding on_connected, so leave a trace of why.
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] A node aborted the connection during setup", this->address_str());
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    this->gatt_backoff_.reset();
+    this->status_clear_warning();
+  }
+  // Promote so the legacy release condition can fire.
+  for (auto *node : this->gatt_nodes_)
+    node->node_state = espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED;
+  return true;
+}
+
+void BLEClient::on_disconnect_complete(esp_err_t reason) {
+  this->pending_gatt_reg_count_ = 0;
+  if (!this->gatt_connected_)
+    return;  // Never-established links report nothing (neutral parity).
+  this->gatt_connected_ = false;
+  for (auto *node : this->gatt_nodes_)
+    node->on_disconnected();
+}
+
+int BLEClient::check_and_log_error_(const char *operation, esp_err_t err) {
+  if (err != ESP_OK)
+    this->log_gattc_warning_(operation, err);
+  return err;
+}
+
+int BLEClient::write_characteristic(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len, bool response) {
+  if (this->conn_id_ == UNSET_CONN_ID)
+    return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  return this->check_and_log_error_(
+      "esp_ble_gattc_write_char",
+      esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, handle, len, const_cast<uint8_t *>(data),
+                               response ? ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_RSP : ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP,
+                               ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE));
+}
+
+int BLEClient::read_characteristic(uint16_t handle) {
+  if (this->conn_id_ == UNSET_CONN_ID)
+    return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_read_char", esp_ble_gattc_read_char(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_,
+                                                                                       handle, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE));
+}
+
+int BLEClient::read_descriptor(uint16_t handle) {
+  if (this->conn_id_ == UNSET_CONN_ID)
+    return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  return this->check_and_log_error_(
+      "esp_ble_gattc_read_char_descr",
+      esp_ble_gattc_read_char_descr(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, handle, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE));
+}
+
+int BLEClient::write_descriptor(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  if (this->conn_id_ == UNSET_CONN_ID)
+    return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  return this->check_and_log_error_(
+      "esp_ble_gattc_write_char_descr",
+      esp_ble_gattc_write_char_descr(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, handle, len, const_cast<uint8_t *>(data),
+                                     ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_RSP, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE));
+}
+
+int BLEClient::notify_characteristic(uint16_t handle, bool enable) {
+  if (this->conn_id_ == UNSET_CONN_ID)
+    return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
+  if (enable) {
+    if (this->find_pending_gatt_reg_(handle) >= 0) {
+      // ESP_OK: the in-flight registration's completion fans out to all nodes.
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Notify registration already pending for handle 0x%04x", this->address_str(), handle);
+      return ESP_OK;
+    }
+    if (this->pending_gatt_reg_count_ == MAX_PENDING_NOTIFY_REGS) {
+      // An untracked registration would let the base's auto-CCCD through.
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%s] Too many pending notify registrations", this->address_str());
+      return ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
+    }
+    // The base helper's pending count holds the service-release until the
+    // (intercepted) completion.
+    esp_err_t err = this->register_for_notify(handle);
+    if (err == ESP_OK)
+      this->pending_gatt_regs_[this->pending_gatt_reg_count_++] = handle;
+    return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_register_for_notify", err);
+  }
+  return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_unregister_for_notify",
+                                    esp_ble_gattc_unregister_for_notify(this->gattc_if_, this->remote_bda_, handle));
+}
+
+int BLEClient::unpair() { return bluetooth_connection::unpair_device(this->get_address()); }
+
+#endif  // USE_BLE_CLIENT_GATT_NODES
+
 }  // namespace esphome::ble_client
 
 #endif

esphome/components/ble_client/ble_client.h

@@ -1,18 +1,20 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_BLE_CLIENT_LEGACY_ENGINE
+
+#include "ble_client_node.h"
+#include "connect_backoff.h"
 #include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h"
 #include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
 #include <esp_bt_defs.h>
 #include <esp_gap_ble_api.h>
 #include <esp_gatt_common_api.h>
 #include <esp_gattc_api.h>
-#include <array>
-#include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace esphome::ble_client {
@@ -21,34 +23,6 @@ namespace espbt = esphome::esp32_ble_tracker;
 
 using namespace esp32_ble_client;
 
-class BLEClient;
-
-class BLEClientNode {
- public:
-  virtual void gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if,
-                                   esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param) {};
-  virtual void gap_event_handler(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t event, esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t *param) {}
-  virtual void loop() {}
-  void set_address(uint64_t address) { address_ = address; }
-  espbt::ESPBTClient *client;
-  // This should be transitioned to Established once the node no longer needs
-  // the services/descriptors/characteristics of the parent client. This will
-  // allow some memory to be freed.
-  // The parent frees the peer's GATT cache once every node reports Established.
-  // Never report Established while an operation that reads that cache is outstanding.
-  // - esp_ble_gattc_register_for_notify() completes asynchronously.
-  // - Register from ESP_GATTC_SEARCH_CMPL_EVT, then set this from ESP_GATTC_REG_FOR_NOTIFY_EVT.
-  // - BLEClientBase::register_for_notify() holds the release until the registration completes.
-  espbt::ClientState node_state;
-
-  BLEClient *parent() { return this->parent_; }
-  void set_ble_client_parent(BLEClient *parent) { this->parent_ = parent; }
-
- protected:
-  BLEClient *parent_;
-  uint64_t address_;
-};
-
 class BLEClient final : public BLEClientBase {
  public:
   void setup() override;
@@ -64,19 +38,75 @@ class BLEClient final : public BLEClientBase {
   void set_enabled(bool enabled);
 
   void register_ble_node(BLEClientNode *node) {
-    node->client = this;
     node->set_ble_client_parent(this);
     this->nodes_.push_back(node);
   }
 
+  // on_connect fires once discovery completes; on_disconnect on CLOSE_EVT, so only after a completed open
+  template<typename F> void add_on_connect_callback(F &&callback) {
+    this->connect_callbacks_.add(std::forward<F>(callback));
+  }
+  template<typename F> void add_on_disconnect_callback(F &&callback) {
+    this->disconnect_callbacks_.add(std::forward<F>(callback));
+  }
+
   bool enabled;
 
   void set_state(espbt::ClientState state) override;
 
+#ifdef USE_BLE_CLIENT_GATT_NODES
+  // ---- the neutral node surface (signatures shared with the non-esp32
+  // engine, so nodes on the neutral interface compile against either) ----
+  void register_gatt_node(BLEClientNode *node);
+
+  bool idle() const { return this->state() == espbt::ClientState::IDLE; }
+
+  int write_characteristic(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len, bool response);
+  int read_characteristic(uint16_t handle);
+  int read_descriptor(uint16_t handle);
+  int write_descriptor(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+  /// Local registration only; per the neutral contract the CCCD write is the
+  /// node's job (the legacy auto-CCCD is suppressed for these handles).
+  int notify_characteristic(uint16_t handle, bool enable);
+  // pair() comes from BLEClientBase, matching the neutral engine's.
+  int unpair();
+#endif
+
  protected:
   bool all_nodes_established_();
+  void maybe_release_services_();
+#ifdef USE_BLE_CLIENT_GATT_NODES
+  int check_and_log_error_(const char *operation, esp_err_t err);
+  int find_pending_gatt_reg_(uint16_t handle) const;
+  void notify_state_to_gatt_nodes_(uint16_t handle, bool enabled, int error);
+  void dispatch_gatt_event_(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param);
+  // False = failed discovery: the link comes down and the caller suppresses
+  // the legacy fan-out.
+  bool handle_gatt_search_cmpl_(esp_gatt_status_t status);
+  bool take_pending_gatt_reg_(uint16_t handle);
+  void on_disconnect_complete(esp_err_t reason) override;
+#endif
 
   std::vector<BLEClientNode *> nodes_;
+  LazyCallbackManager<void()> connect_callbacks_;
+  LazyCallbackManager<void()> disconnect_callbacks_;
+#ifdef USE_BLE_CLIENT_GATT_NODES
+  // Raise if a migrated node needs more concurrent registrations.
+  static constexpr uint8_t MAX_PENDING_NOTIFY_REGS = 4;
+
+  // Nodes on the neutral surface; fed the translated callbacks and
+  // auto-established after the on_connected fan-out. Every gatt node is
+  // also in nodes_ (registration pushes into both).
+  StaticVector<BLEClientNode *, ESPHOME_BLE_CLIENT_MAX_NODES> gatt_nodes_;
+  bool has_legacy_nodes_() const { return this->nodes_.size() > this->gatt_nodes_.size(); }
+  // Reconnect backoff after materializer failures.
+  ConnectBackoff gatt_backoff_;
+  // Bridge-initiated notify registrations awaiting REG_FOR_NOTIFY_EVT.
+  uint16_t pending_gatt_regs_[MAX_PENDING_NOTIFY_REGS];
+  uint8_t pending_gatt_reg_count_{0};
+  // on_connected fan-out started; on_disconnected is owed at teardown.
+  bool gatt_connected_{false};
+#endif
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ble_client

esphome/components/ble_client/ble_client_gatt.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+#include "ble_client_gatt.h"
+
+#if defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT) && !defined(USE_BLE_CLIENT_LEGACY_ENGINE)
+
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ble_client {
+
+ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "ble_client");
+
+void BLEClient::register_ble_node(BLEClientNode *node) {
+  node->set_ble_client_parent(this);
+  if (this->nodes_.size() == ESPHOME_BLE_CLIENT_MAX_NODES) {
+    // push_back past capacity is a silent no-op; an undersized slot count
+    // must be loud at boot, not an unresolvable node at runtime.
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%s] Node capacity exceeded; node dropped", this->address_str_);
+    this->status_set_error(LOG_STR("node capacity exceeded"));
+    return;
+  }
+  this->nodes_.push_back(node);
+}
+
+void BLEClient::set_address(uint64_t address) {
+  this->address_ = address;
+  uint8_t mac[6];
+  ble_device_base::uint64_to_mac_msb_first(address, mac);
+  format_mac_addr_upper(mac, this->address_str_);
+}
+
+void BLEClient::set_enabled(bool enabled) {
+  if (enabled == this->enabled)
+    return;
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%s] %s", this->address_str_, enabled ? "Enabled" : "Disabled");
+  this->enabled = enabled;
+  if (!enabled) {
+    this->disconnect();
+    return;
+  }
+  // A re-enable clears the backoff; the next sighting connects (legacy
+  // parity: enabling does not itself connect).
+  this->backoff_.reset();
+}
+
+bool BLEClient::parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) {
+  if (device.address_uint64() != this->address_)
+    return false;
+  // The sighting is the source of truth for the address type.
+  this->address_type_ = device.get_address_type();
+  this->address_type_known_ = true;
+  if (!this->enabled || !this->auto_connect_ || this->state_ != State::IDLE)
+    return true;
+  if (this->backoff_.holding_off())
+    return true;
+  this->attempt_connect_();
+  return true;
+}
+
+void BLEClient::connect() {
+  if (this->state_ != State::IDLE) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] Connect requested while busy, ignoring", this->address_str_);
+    return;
+  }
+  // An absent peer can inhibit scanning for the backend's full connect
+  // timeout, so this is worth a breadcrumb - but it is a supported action.
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%s] Connecting on request", this->address_str_);
+  if (!this->address_type_known_) {
+    // Legacy parity: without a sighting the address type defaults to
+    // public, which never matches a random-static peer.
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] No sighting yet; assuming a public address type", this->address_str_);
+  }
+  this->attempt_connect_();
+}
+
+void BLEClient::attempt_connect_() {
+  int err = this->backend_->connect(this->address_, this->address_type_);
+  if (err != 0) {
+    // A refused connect never produces a callback: stay idle, charge the
+    // backoff, and resolve any waiting connect action through the failure
+    // path so its chain terminates.
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Connect refused, err=%d", this->address_str_, err);
+    this->backoff_.register_failure(this->address_str_);
+    this->defer([this]() { this->connect_failed_callbacks_.call(); });
+    return;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] Connecting", this->address_str_);
+  this->state_ = State::CONNECTING;
+}
+
+void BLEClient::disconnect() {
+  if (this->state_ == State::IDLE) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] Disconnect requested while idle, ignoring", this->address_str_);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (this->cancel_requested_) {
+    // The accepted teardown still reports; a refused second gatt_disconnect()
+    // would settle the link twice (phantom connect failure, backoff charge).
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] Disconnect already in flight, ignoring", this->address_str_);
+    return;
+  }
+  // A deliberate teardown's failure report must not feed the backoff.
+  this->cancel_requested_ = true;
+  int err = this->backend_->gatt_disconnect();
+  if (err != 0) {
+    // Refused synchronously: backend and client disagree about the link
+    // state. Warn, then settle through the deliberate-cancel path.
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Disconnect refused, err=%d; settling locally", this->address_str_, err);
+    this->on_connection_state(false, 0, err);
+  }
+}
+
+void BLEClient::on_connection_state(bool connected, uint16_t mtu, int error) {
+  if (connected) {
+    this->state_ = State::DISCOVERING;
+    int discover_err = this->backend_->discover_services();
+    if (discover_err != 0) {
+      // Synchronous refusal: no discovery completion will follow.
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Service discovery refused, err=%d", this->address_str_, discover_err);
+      this->backoff_.register_failure(this->address_str_);
+      // Deliberate teardown: its report must not charge the backoff again.
+      this->disconnect();
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  bool was_connected = this->state_ == State::CONNECTED;
+  bool cancelled = this->cancel_requested_;
+  this->cancel_requested_ = false;
+  this->state_ = State::IDLE;
+  if (was_connected) {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%s] Disconnected, status=%d", this->address_str_, error);
+    for (auto *node : this->nodes_) {
+      node->on_disconnected();
+    }
+    // Continuations leave the backend's event-drain stack first.
+    this->defer([this]() { this->disconnect_callbacks_.call(); });
+  } else {
+    if (cancelled) {
+      // status carries the refusal code when the teardown settled
+      // synchronously; 0 on a backend-completed cancel.
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] Connect attempt cancelled, status=%d", this->address_str_, error);
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Connect failed, status=%d", this->address_str_, error);
+      this->backoff_.register_failure(this->address_str_);
+    }
+    this->defer([this]() { this->connect_failed_callbacks_.call(); });
+  }
+}
+
+void BLEClient::on_service_discovery_done(int error) {
+  if (this->state_ != State::DISCOVERING || this->cancel_requested_) {
+    // Raced a teardown; the terminal report settles the link.
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] Discovery completed during teardown, ignoring", this->address_str_);
+    this->backend_->release_services();
+    return;
+  }
+  if (error != 0) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Service discovery failed, status=%d", this->address_str_, error);
+    this->backoff_.register_failure(this->address_str_);
+    // The teardown is deliberate: do not charge the backoff again for its
+    // connection report.
+    this->disconnect();
+    return;
+  }
+  ble_device_base::GattServiceTable table{};
+  if (!this->nodes_.empty()) {
+    // Materialize only when a node will read it: a client with no nodes
+    // would pay the build/free cycle on every (re)connect for nothing.
+    table = this->backend_->get_service_table();
+    if (table.service_count == 0) {
+      // A failed materialization is indistinguishable from a service-less
+      // peer, and a real GATT peer always exposes at least GAP/GATT: fail
+      // the discovery before CONNECTED so the teardown resolves through
+      // connect_failed, never a spurious on_disconnect.
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Service table is empty; treating as failed discovery", this->address_str_);
+      this->backend_->release_services();
+      this->backoff_.register_failure(this->address_str_);
+      this->disconnect();
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  // CONNECTED before the fan-out so nodes may consult connected() from
+  // their own on_connected().
+  this->state_ = State::CONNECTED;
+  for (auto *node : this->nodes_) {
+    node->on_connected(table);
+    if (this->state_ != State::CONNECTED || this->cancel_requested_) {
+      // A node tore the link down mid-fan-out: on_disconnect fires with no
+      // preceding on_connect, so leave a trace of why.
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] A node aborted the connection during setup", this->address_str_);
+      this->backend_->release_services();
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  this->backend_->release_services();
+  this->backoff_.reset();
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%s] Connected", this->address_str_);
+  this->defer([this]() { this->connect_callbacks_.call(); });
+}
+
+void BLEClient::on_write_result(uint16_t handle, int error) {
+  if (error != 0) {
+    // Breadcrumb even when no node claims the handle.
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] Write on handle 0x%04x completed with status %d", this->address_str_, handle, error);
+  }
+  for (auto *node : this->nodes_) {
+    node->on_write_result(handle, error);
+  }
+}
+
+void BLEClient::on_read_result(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len, int error) {
+  if (error != 0) {
+    // Breadcrumb even when no node claims the handle.
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] Read on handle 0x%04x completed with status %d", this->address_str_, handle, error);
+  }
+  for (auto *node : this->nodes_) {
+    node->on_read_result(handle, data, len, error);
+  }
+}
+
+void BLEClient::on_notify_data(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  // Every node sees every notification and filters by handle (legacy parity).
+  for (auto *node : this->nodes_) {
+    node->on_notify(handle, data, len);
+  }
+}
+
+void BLEClient::on_notify_state(uint16_t handle, bool enabled, int error) {
+  if (error != 0) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Notify %s on handle 0x%04x failed, status=%d", this->address_str_,
+             enabled ? "enable" : "disable", handle, error);
+  }
+  for (auto *node : this->nodes_) {
+    node->on_notify_state(handle, enabled, error);
+  }
+}
+
+void BLEClient::on_pairing_result(int status) {
+  if (status != 0) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Pairing failed, status=%d", this->address_str_, status);
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%s] Paired", this->address_str_);
+  }
+  for (auto *node : this->nodes_) {
+    node->on_pairing_result(status);
+  }
+}
+
+void BLEClient::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "BLE Client:\n"
+                "  Address: %s\n"
+                "  Auto connect: %s",
+                this->address_str_, YESNO(this->auto_connect_));
+  if (this->enabled && this->state_ == State::IDLE) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Waiting for an advertisement from the device");
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_client
+
+#endif  // USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT && !USE_BLE_CLIENT_LEGACY_ENGINE

esphome/components/ble_client/ble_client_gatt.h

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+// Platform-neutral ble_client engine on the ble_device_base GATT contract.
+//
+// Compiled on every platform with a GATT backend except esp32, which keeps
+// the legacy BLEClientBase engine (ble_client.h) until its raw-gattc node
+// family migrates - the exclusive gates make the same class names resolve to
+// exactly one definition per build, so codegen is shared.
+//
+// Connects are sighting-gated like the legacy engine: the client is a parsed
+// advertisement listener, captures the peer's address type from the sighting,
+// and asks the backend to connect only when enabled and idle.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#if defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT) && !defined(USE_BLE_CLIENT_LEGACY_ENGINE)
+
+#include "ble_client_node.h"
+#include "connect_backoff.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_device.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_gatt_client.h"
+#include "esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection.h"
+#include "esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_gatt_backend.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <functional>
+
+namespace esphome::ble_client {
+
+class BLEClient : public Component,
+                  public ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener,
+                  public ble_device_base::GattClientListener {
+ public:
+  void dump_config() override;
+
+  // Public field for legacy parity (the switch platform republishes it).
+  bool enabled{true};
+
+  void set_backend(ble_device_base::BLEGattConnection *backend) {
+    this->backend_ = backend;
+    backend->set_listener(this);
+  }
+  void set_address(uint64_t address);
+  void set_auto_connect(bool auto_connect) { this->auto_connect_ = auto_connect; }
+  void set_enabled(bool enabled);
+  const char *address_str() const { return this->address_str_; }
+
+  void register_ble_node(BLEClientNode *node);
+  // One registration spelling shared with the esp32 engine's bridge.
+  void register_gatt_node(BLEClientNode *node) { this->register_ble_node(node); }
+
+  // An accepted teardown already owns the link: the pending report cannot be
+  // a connect. state_ stays put so that report still fires on_disconnect.
+  bool connected() const { return this->state_ == State::CONNECTED && !this->cancel_requested_; }
+  bool idle() const { return this->state_ == State::IDLE; }
+
+  /// Action-initiated connect (no sighting needed; uses the last captured
+  /// address type, public until a sighting arrives). No-op unless idle.
+  void connect();
+  void disconnect();
+
+  /// Legacy-named deferral used by the automation twins: neutral listener
+  /// callbacks run inside the backend's event drain, so automation chain
+  /// continuations must leave that stack first.
+  void run_later(std::function<void()> &&f) { this->defer(std::move(f)); }  // NOLINT
+
+  // Backend ops for nodes and actions - the frozen node-facing surface.
+  // Only write_characteristic has an in-tree caller; subscribing means
+  // notify_characteristic plus a CCCD write_descriptor (the caller's job
+  // per the contract).
+  int write_characteristic(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len, bool response) {
+    return this->backend_->write_characteristic(handle, data, len, response);
+  }
+  int read_characteristic(uint16_t handle) { return this->backend_->read_characteristic(handle); }
+  int read_descriptor(uint16_t handle) { return this->backend_->read_descriptor(handle); }
+  int write_descriptor(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+    return this->backend_->write_descriptor(handle, data, len);
+  }
+  int notify_characteristic(uint16_t handle, bool enable) {
+    return this->backend_->notify_characteristic(handle, enable);
+  }
+  int pair() { return this->backend_->pair(); }
+  int unpair() { return bluetooth_connection::unpair_device(this->address_); }
+
+  // Automation callback registration.
+  template<typename F> void add_on_connect_callback(F &&callback) {
+    this->connect_callbacks_.add(std::forward<F>(callback));
+  }
+  template<typename F> void add_on_disconnect_callback(F &&callback) {
+    this->disconnect_callbacks_.add(std::forward<F>(callback));
+  }
+  // Fired when a connect attempt dies before being established; the user
+  // on_disconnect trigger deliberately does NOT fire here (legacy parity).
+  template<typename F> void add_on_connect_failed_callback(F &&callback) {
+    this->connect_failed_callbacks_.add(std::forward<F>(callback));
+  }
+
+  // ---- ble_device_base::ESPBTDeviceListener ----
+  bool parse_device(const ble_device_base::ESPBTDevice &device) override;
+
+  // ---- ble_device_base::GattClientListener ----
+  void on_connection_state(bool connected, uint16_t mtu, int error) override;
+  void on_service_discovery_done(int error) override;
+  void on_read_result(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len, int error) override;
+  void on_write_result(uint16_t handle, int error) override;
+  void on_notify_data(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) override;
+  void on_notify_state(uint16_t handle, bool enabled, int error) override;
+  void on_pairing_result(int status) override;
+
+ protected:
+  enum class State : uint8_t { IDLE, CONNECTING, DISCOVERING, CONNECTED };
+
+  void attempt_connect_();
+
+  // Group 1: pointers / containers
+  ble_device_base::BLEGattConnection *backend_{nullptr};
+  // Codegen-sized (ESPHOME_BLE_CLIENT_MAX_NODES); filled during setup.
+  StaticVector<BLEClientNode *, ESPHOME_BLE_CLIENT_MAX_NODES> nodes_;
+
+  // Group 2: 8-byte types
+  uint64_t address_{0};
+
+  // Group 3: callback managers (pointer-sized when empty)
+  LazyCallbackManager<void()> connect_callbacks_;
+  LazyCallbackManager<void()> disconnect_callbacks_;
+  LazyCallbackManager<void()> connect_failed_callbacks_;
+
+  // Group 4: 4-byte types
+  // Backoff so an undiscoverable database or a dead peer cannot produce a
+  // battery-draining connect loop.
+  ConnectBackoff backoff_;
+
+  // Group 5: arrays
+  char address_str_[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE]{};
+
+  // Group 6: 1-byte types
+  State state_{State::IDLE};
+  uint8_t address_type_{0};  // BLE_ADDR_TYPE_*, captured from the sighting
+  // Distinguishes a captured public type from the never-sighted default.
+  bool address_type_known_{false};
+  bool auto_connect_{true};
+  // A user-initiated teardown in flight; its failure report is not a
+  // connect failure and must not feed the backoff.
+  bool cancel_requested_{false};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_client
+
+#endif  // USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT && !USE_BLE_CLIENT_LEGACY_ENGINE

esphome/components/ble_client/ble_client_node.h

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// The single BLEClientNode both ble_client engines share. The neutral
+// callback surface is the one interface node components build on; the raw
+// esp32 surface below it remains for components that have not migrated yet.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_gatt_client.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BLE_CLIENT_LEGACY_ENGINE
+#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
+
+#include <esp_gap_ble_api.h>
+#include <esp_gattc_api.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace esphome::ble_client {
+
+class BLEClient;
+
+class BLEClientNode {
+ public:
+#ifdef USE_BLE_CLIENT_GATT_NODES
+  // Neutral surface, delivered by both engines. The table is borrowed: copy
+  // handles during on_connected(). All nodes see all completions; filter by
+  // handle.
+  // A node that disconnects from inside on_connected() aborts the fan-out;
+  // the user's on_disconnect may then fire without a preceding on_connect.
+  virtual void on_connected(const ble_device_base::GattServiceTable &table) {}
+  virtual void on_disconnected() {}
+  virtual void on_notify(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {}
+  // One in-flight registration per handle; its completion fans out to every
+  // node, so a refused duplicate request still sees on_notify_state.
+  virtual void on_notify_state(uint16_t handle, bool enabled, int error) {}
+  virtual void on_read_result(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len, int error) {}
+  virtual void on_write_result(uint16_t handle, int error) {}
+  virtual void on_pairing_result(int status) {}
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BLE_CLIENT_LEGACY_ENGINE
+  // Legacy raw surface; components overriding these need the legacy engine
+  // until migrated to the neutral surface above.
+  virtual void gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if,
+                                   esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param) {}
+  virtual void gap_event_handler(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t event, esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t *param) {}
+  virtual void loop() {}
+  // This should be transitioned to Established once the node no longer needs
+  // the services/descriptors/characteristics of the parent client. This will
+  // allow some memory to be freed.
+  // The parent frees the peer's GATT cache once every node reports Established.
+  // Never report Established while an operation that reads that cache is outstanding.
+  // - esp_ble_gattc_register_for_notify() completes asynchronously.
+  // - Register from ESP_GATTC_SEARCH_CMPL_EVT, then set this from ESP_GATTC_REG_FOR_NOTIFY_EVT.
+  // - BLEClientBase::register_for_notify() holds the release until the registration completes.
+  esp32_ble_tracker::ClientState node_state;
+#endif
+
+  BLEClient *parent() const { return this->parent_; }
+  void set_ble_client_parent(BLEClient *parent) { this->parent_ = parent; }
+
+ protected:
+  BLEClient *parent_{nullptr};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_client

esphome/components/ble_client/ble_write_action.h

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+// The ble_client.ble_write action: a node on the platform-neutral interface,
+// so one implementation serves both engines (the esp32 bridge and the
+// neutral engine).
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_BLE_CLIENT_GATT_NODES
+
+#include <tuple>
+#include <vector>
+
+// One of the two engine headers resolves per build.
+#include "ble_client.h"
+#include "ble_client_gatt.h"
+#include "ble_client_node.h"
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ble_client {
+
+static const char *const BLE_WRITE_TAG = "ble_client.automation";
+
+// Maximum bytes to log in hex format for BLE writes (many logging buffers are 256 chars)
+static constexpr size_t BLE_WRITE_MAX_LOG_BYTES = 64;
+
+template<typename... Ts> class BLEClientWriteAction final : public Action<Ts...>, public BLEClientNode {
+ public:
+  BLEClientWriteAction(BLEClient *ble_client) {
+    ble_client->register_gatt_node(this);
+    ble_client_ = ble_client;
+  }
+
+  void set_service_uuid16(uint16_t uuid) { this->service_uuid_ = ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(uuid); }
+  void set_service_uuid32(uint32_t uuid) { this->service_uuid_ = ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uint32(uuid); }
+  void set_service_uuid128(uint8_t *uuid) { this->service_uuid_ = ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_raw(uuid); }
+
+  void set_char_uuid16(uint16_t uuid) { this->char_uuid_ = ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(uuid); }
+  void set_char_uuid32(uint32_t uuid) { this->char_uuid_ = ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uint32(uuid); }
+  void set_char_uuid128(uint8_t *uuid) { this->char_uuid_ = ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_raw(uuid); }
+
+  void set_value_template(std::vector<uint8_t> (*func)(Ts...)) {
+    this->value_.func = func;
+    this->len_ = -1;  // Sentinel value indicates template mode
+  }
+
+  // Store pointer to static data in flash (no RAM copy)
+  void set_value_simple(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+    this->value_.data = data;
+    this->len_ = len;  // Length >= 0 indicates static mode
+  }
+
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {}
+
+  void play_complex(const Ts &...x) override {
+    this->num_running_++;
+    this->var_ = std::make_tuple(x...);
+
+    bool result;
+    if (this->len_ >= 0) {
+      result = this->write(this->value_.data, this->len_);
+    } else {
+      std::vector<uint8_t> value = this->value_.func(x...);
+      result = this->write(value.data(), value.size());
+    }
+
+    // on write failure, continue the automation chain rather than stopping so
+    // that e.g. disconnect can work.
+    if (!result)
+      this->play_next_(x...);
+  }
+
+  // Initiate the write; the completion arrives in on_write_result. The
+  // response-less path can complete synchronously inside the call, so the
+  // handle is armed before the backend is touched.
+  bool write(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+    if (!this->ble_client_->connected()) {
+      esph_log_w(BLE_WRITE_TAG, "Cannot write to BLE characteristic - not connected");
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (!this->resolved_) {
+      esph_log_w(BLE_WRITE_TAG, "Cannot write to BLE characteristic - characteristic was not resolved");
+      return false;
+    }
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERY_VERBOSE
+    char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(BLE_WRITE_MAX_LOG_BYTES)];
+    esph_log_vv(BLE_WRITE_TAG, "Will write %d bytes: %s", len, format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, data, len));
+#endif
+    int err = this->ble_client_->write_characteristic(this->char_handle_, data, len, this->write_response_);
+    if (err != 0) {
+      esph_log_e(BLE_WRITE_TAG, "Error writing to characteristic: %d!", err);
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  void on_connected(const ble_device_base::GattServiceTable &table) override {
+    // Resolution comes from this table only; a re-discovery must not keep a
+    // stale handle.
+    this->resolved_ = false;
+    this->char_handle_ = 0;
+    const auto *service = ble_device_base::find_service(table, this->service_uuid_);
+    const auto *chr =
+        service == nullptr ? nullptr : ble_device_base::find_characteristic(table, *service, this->char_uuid_);
+    if (chr == nullptr) {
+      char char_buf[ble_device_base::UUID_STR_LEN];
+      char service_buf[ble_device_base::UUID_STR_LEN];
+      esph_log_w(BLE_WRITE_TAG, "Characteristic %s was not found in service %s", this->char_uuid_.to_str(char_buf),
+                 this->service_uuid_.to_str(service_buf));
+      return;
+    }
+    if (chr->properties & ble_device_base::GATT_CHAR_PROP_WRITE) {
+      this->write_response_ = true;
+    } else if (chr->properties & ble_device_base::GATT_CHAR_PROP_WRITE_NO_RSP) {
+      this->write_response_ = false;
+    } else {
+      char char_buf[ble_device_base::UUID_STR_LEN];
+      esph_log_e(BLE_WRITE_TAG, "Characteristic %s does not allow writing", this->char_uuid_.to_str(char_buf));
+      return;
+    }
+    this->char_handle_ = chr->value_handle;
+    this->resolved_ = true;
+    char char_buf[ble_device_base::UUID_STR_LEN];
+    esph_log_d(BLE_WRITE_TAG, "Found characteristic %s on device %s", this->char_uuid_.to_str(char_buf),
+               this->ble_client_->address_str());
+  }
+
+  void on_disconnected() override {
+    this->resolved_ = false;
+    this->char_handle_ = 0;
+    if (this->num_running_ != 0)
+      this->stop_complex();
+  }
+
+  void on_write_result(uint16_t handle, int error) override {
+    if (this->num_running_ == 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!this->resolved_ || handle != this->char_handle_) {
+      // A parked chain waiting on a completion that never matches would
+      // otherwise stall silently until disconnect.
+      esph_log_d(BLE_WRITE_TAG, "Write result for handle 0x%04x ignored, waiting on 0x%04x", handle,
+                 this->char_handle_);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (error != 0) {
+      // Continue the chain (legacy parity) but leave a breadcrumb.
+      esph_log_w(BLE_WRITE_TAG, "Write completed with status %d", error);
+    }
+    this->ble_client_->run_later([this]() { this->play_next_tuple_(this->var_); });
+  }
+
+ private:
+  BLEClient *ble_client_;
+  ssize_t len_{-1};  // -1 = template mode, >=0 = static mode with length
+  union Value {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> (*func)(Ts...);  // Function pointer (stateless lambdas)
+    const uint8_t *data;                  // Pointer to static data in flash
+  } value_;
+  ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID service_uuid_;
+  ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID char_uuid_;
+  std::tuple<Ts...> var_{};
+  uint16_t char_handle_{};
+  bool write_response_{false};
+  bool resolved_{false};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_client
+
+#endif  // USE_BLE_CLIENT_GATT_NODES

esphome/components/ble_client/connect_backoff.h

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
+
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace esphome::ble_client {
+
+/// Reconnect backoff after repeated connect/discovery failures, shared by
+/// both engines. 256 ms ticks in a uint16_t keep it 4 bytes; the ~4.7 h tick
+/// wrap can at worst reinstate one stale hold-off of a minute.
+class ConnectBackoff {
+ public:
+  bool holding_off() const {
+    return this->failures_ != 0 && static_cast<uint16_t>(now() - this->start_) < this->failures_ * STEP_TICKS;
+  }
+  void register_failure(const char *address_str) {
+    if (this->failures_ < MAX_STEPS)
+      this->failures_++;
+    this->start_ = now();
+    esph_log_w("ble_client", "[%s] Holding off reconnect for %u s", address_str, this->failures_ * 10u);
+  }
+  void reset() { this->failures_ = 0; }
+
+ private:
+  // ~10 s per consecutive failure, capped so a flapping peer retries within
+  // a minute at worst.
+  static constexpr uint16_t STEP_TICKS = 40;  // x 256 ms
+  static constexpr uint8_t MAX_STEPS = 6;
+  static uint16_t now() { return static_cast<uint16_t>(millis() >> 8); }
+
+  uint16_t start_{0};
+  uint8_t failures_{0};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_client
+
+#endif  // USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT

esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_gatt_client.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#include "ble_gatt_client.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
+
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ble_device_base {
+
+ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "ble_device_base");
+
+const GattCharacteristic *find_characteristic(const GattServiceTable &table, const GattService &service,
+                                              const ESPBTUUID &uuid) {
+  // 32-bit range math: a corrupt first/count pair cannot wrap past the check.
+  uint32_t end = uint32_t(service.first_characteristic) + service.characteristic_count;
+  if (end > table.characteristic_count) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "characteristic range out of bounds");
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  for (uint32_t i = service.first_characteristic; i < end; i++) {
+    if (table.characteristics[i].uuid == uuid)
+      return &table.characteristics[i];
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+const GattDescriptor *find_descriptor(const GattServiceTable &table, const GattCharacteristic &characteristic,
+                                      const ESPBTUUID &uuid) {
+  uint32_t end = uint32_t(characteristic.first_descriptor) + characteristic.descriptor_count;
+  if (end > table.descriptor_count) {
+    // Corrupt range, not a missing descriptor.
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "descriptor range out of bounds");
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  for (uint32_t i = characteristic.first_descriptor; i < end; i++) {
+    if (table.descriptors[i].uuid == uuid)
+      return &table.descriptors[i];
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+uint16_t find_cccd(const GattServiceTable &table, const GattCharacteristic &characteristic) {
+  const GattDescriptor *desc = find_descriptor(table, characteristic, ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(CCCD_UUID));
+  return desc != nullptr ? desc->handle : 0;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ble_device_base
+
+#endif  // USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT

esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_gatt_client.h

@@ -11,13 +11,16 @@
 // interface. All listener calls are delivered on the ESPHome main loop;
 // borrowed data pointers are valid only for the duration of the call.
 //
-// Error domain (plain int, forwarded to the API without translation):
+// Error domain (plain int, forwarded to the API without translation, so the
+// values are wire-frozen - API clients interpret them):
 //   0            success
-//   1..0x11      ATT error codes (Bluetooth spec; BTstack and Bluedroid agree)
+//   1..0x11      ATT error codes (Bluetooth spec) - reserved; a backend whose
+//                native error codes land in this window must remap them out
 //   GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED (-1)  no connection to the peer (on esp32 a raw
 //                ESP_FAIL from the stack shares this value; both read as a
 //                failed, unusable connection on the client side)
 //   GATT_ERR_NO_MEMORY (-2)      backend storage exhausted
+//   -1..-15      reserved for future contract sentinels
 //   anything else: platform stack error/status code, surfaced opaquely.
 // Connection events carry HCI status/disconnect reason codes (same code
 // space on every controller).
@@ -99,9 +102,23 @@ class GattClientListener {
 // The BLEGattConnection op surface, asserted where the alias binds
 // (bluetooth_connection_gatt_backend.h). Operations return 0 when accepted (completion arrives
 // through the listener) or a synchronous error (busy, not connected, stack
-// rejection); one operation may be outstanding at a time. Semantics beyond
-// the signatures:
+// rejection); one operation may be outstanding at a time. A connection-state
+// or discovery completion always arrives from the event loop, never
+// synchronously from inside the op call - a synchronous terminal
+// on_connection_state from within gatt_disconnect() would re-enter the
+// consumer mid-teardown. A local-only completion may instead report inline,
+// before the op returns: notify_characteristic (a subscription-list edit on
+// the rp2 backend) and a write without response whose payload the stack took
+// immediately. Consumers must therefore arm whatever state their
+// on_write_result/on_notify_state reads before issuing the op, never after
+// the call returns. Semantics beyond the signatures:
 // - connect: addr_type is a BLE_ADDR_TYPE_* constant (ble_device.h).
+//   Returning 0 means the request is accepted, not that the radio acted: the
+//   backend owns integration with its platform's scan/connect arbitration
+//   (Bluedroid parks the request for the tracker's promote loop, which owns
+//   scan-stop/coex/one-connect-at-a-time; the rp2 backend opens immediately
+//   and relies on sighting-gated consumers). Consumers must not assume
+//   connect timing.
 // - gatt_disconnect: also cancels a connect in progress (named to coexist
 //   with a platform stack's own void disconnect() on one backend class).
 //   Nonzero means nothing to tear down and no completion will follow; an
@@ -143,6 +160,41 @@ concept BLEGattConnectionContract = requires(T conn, GattClientListener *listene
   { conn.set_connection_type(ConnectionType{}) } -> std::same_as<void>;
 };
 
+// ---- service table lookup helpers ----
+//
+// Neutral, bounds-checked walks over a materialized GattServiceTable for
+// direct consumers that resolve a known device's handles by UUID (streaming
+// consumers forward the raw database and never need these). Linear search:
+// the table exists only between discovery and release_services(), for one
+// small known device.
+
+/// Client Characteristic Configuration descriptor UUID (Bluetooth spec).
+static constexpr uint16_t CCCD_UUID = 0x2902;
+
+// Characteristic property bits (the Bluetooth-spec declaration byte carried
+// in GattCharacteristic::properties; the ESP-IDF macros for these do not
+// exist on the other platforms).
+static constexpr uint8_t GATT_CHAR_PROP_WRITE_NO_RSP = 0x04;
+static constexpr uint8_t GATT_CHAR_PROP_WRITE = 0x08;
+
+inline const GattService *find_service(const GattServiceTable &table, const ESPBTUUID &uuid) {
+  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < table.service_count; i++) {
+    if (table.services[i].uuid == uuid)
+      return &table.services[i];
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+const GattCharacteristic *find_characteristic(const GattServiceTable &table, const GattService &service,
+                                              const ESPBTUUID &uuid);
+
+const GattDescriptor *find_descriptor(const GattServiceTable &table, const GattCharacteristic &characteristic,
+                                      const ESPBTUUID &uuid);
+
+/// Handle of the characteristic's Client Characteristic Configuration
+/// descriptor (0x2902), or 0 when it has none.
+uint16_t find_cccd(const GattServiceTable &table, const GattCharacteristic &characteristic);
+
 }  // namespace esphome::ble_device_base
 
 #endif  // USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT

esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/__init__.py

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 """Per-platform GATT connection backends and the helpers to embed one.
 
-Backends: esp32 Bluedroid, rp2 BTstack. No user-facing configuration; the
-Bluetooth proxy's codegen declares and registers the backend instances
-through gatt_client_schema()/hub_connection_schema() + new_gatt_backend().
+Backends: esp32 Bluedroid, rp2 BTstack. No user-facing configuration; a
+consumer's codegen declares and registers the backend instances — the
+Bluetooth proxy through its per-slot connection wrappers (a streaming
+consumer), and the neutral ble_client through gatt_client_schema() +
+new_gatt_backend().
 """
 
 from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable
-from dataclasses import dataclass
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import rp2040_ble
@@ -23,7 +25,8 @@ from esphome.types import ConfigType
 def AUTO_LOAD() -> list[str]:
     """ble_device_base plus the platform BLE stack the build's backend
     registers with (the Bluedroid header includes the tracker's), so
-    consumers need not know. The platform-less arm serves manifest tooling."""
+    consumers stay platform-blind. The platform-less arm serves tooling that
+    resolves the manifest without a target."""
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         return ["ble_device_base", "esp32_ble_tracker"]
     if CORE.is_rp2:
@@ -63,6 +66,8 @@ DOMAIN = "bluetooth_connection"
 @dataclass
 class _ConnectionData:
     rp2_backend_count: int = 0
+    # GATT connection slots claimed this run, for the platform cap check.
+    slot_consumers: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
 
 
 def _get_data() -> _ConnectionData:
@@ -119,6 +124,10 @@ class _PlatformBackend:
     backend_class: cg.MockObjClass
     schema_fragment: Callable[[], cv.Schema]
     register: Callable[[cg.MockObj, ConfigType], Awaitable[None]]
+    # Selects the backend's alias-ladder arm (order-independent arms).
+    define: str
+    # The backend's on-demand materializer gate, when it has one.
+    materializer_define: str | None = None
 
 
 # The single registry of platforms with a GATT client backend; a platform
@@ -126,11 +135,20 @@ class _PlatformBackend:
 # platform's arm.
 _PLATFORM_BACKENDS: dict[str, _PlatformBackend] = {
     PLATFORM_ESP32: _PlatformBackend(
-        BluedroidGattClient, _esp32_schema_fragment, _esp32_register
+        BluedroidGattClient,
+        _esp32_schema_fragment,
+        _esp32_register,
+        "USE_BLE_GATT_BACKEND_BLUEDROID",
+        materializer_define="USE_BLUEDROID_GATT_SERVICE_TABLE",
+    ),
+    PLATFORM_RP2: _PlatformBackend(
+        RP2GattClient, _rp2_schema_fragment, _rp2_register, "USE_BLE_GATT_BACKEND_RP2"
     ),
-    PLATFORM_RP2: _PlatformBackend(RP2GattClient, _rp2_schema_fragment, _rp2_register),
 }
 
+# Gates dedicated-backend consumers (cv.only_on).
+GATT_CLIENT_PLATFORMS = list(_PLATFORM_BACKENDS)
+
 
 def _backend_entry(platform: str | None = None) -> _PlatformBackend:
     key = platform if platform is not None else CORE.target_platform
@@ -165,21 +183,97 @@ def hub_connection_schema(platform: str | None = None) -> cv.Schema:
     )
 
 
-async def new_gatt_backend(config: ConfigType) -> cg.MockObj:
+def _charge_esp32_budget(count: int, consumer: str, config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    from esphome.components import esp32_ble
+
+    esp32_ble.consume_connection_slots(count, consumer)(config)
+
+
+def _charge_rp2_budget(count: int, consumer: str, config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    rp2040_ble.consume_connection_slots(count, consumer)(config)
+
+
+# Platforms whose BLE stack owns its own connection budget: the claim is
+# charged there and that stack's final validation is the one place an
+# overcommit is reported (never two messages for one misconfiguration). One
+# mapping drives both, so a platform can never be skipped without a charge.
+_STACK_BUDGETS: dict[str, Callable[[int, str, ConfigType], None]] = {
+    PLATFORM_ESP32: _charge_esp32_budget,
+    PLATFORM_RP2: _charge_rp2_budget,
+}
+
+
+def consume_gatt_slot(
+    consumer: str, count: int = 1
+) -> Callable[[ConfigType], ConfigType]:
+    """Validator claiming GATT connection slots - the one spelling for every
+    claimant. The neutral ledger covers backend platforms without a stack
+    budget (the cap check in FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA)."""
+
+    def validator(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+        _get_data().slot_consumers.extend([consumer] * count)
+        if (charge := _STACK_BUDGETS.get(CORE.target_platform)) is not None:
+            charge(count, consumer, config)
+        return config
+
+    return validator
+
+
+def _validate_slot_totals(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    # Skipped in testing mode so grouped component builds can co-exist
+    # (mirrors esp32_ble.validate_connection_slots).
+    if CORE.testing_mode:
+        return config
+    if CORE.target_platform in _STACK_BUDGETS:
+        return config
+    if (cap := HUB_MAX_CONNECTIONS.get(CORE.target_platform)) is None:
+        # Any backend platform without a stack budget must carry a cap here
+        # or fail loudly, never fail open.
+        if CORE.target_platform in _PLATFORM_BACKENDS:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"{CORE.target_platform} has a GATT backend but no slot cap "
+                "in HUB_MAX_CONNECTIONS"
+            )
+        return config
+    claimed = _get_data().slot_consumers
+    if len(claimed) > cap:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"{CORE.target_platform} supports at most {cap} GATT client "
+            f"connection(s); {len(claimed)} requested by: {', '.join(claimed)}"
+        )
+    return config
+
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _validate_slot_totals
+
+
+async def new_gatt_backend(
+    config: ConfigType, *, service_table: bool = True
+) -> cg.MockObj:
     """Instantiate the backend declared by gatt_client_schema() and register
     it with its platform stack. The connection slot is claimed at validation
-    (the proxy's slot validators), not here.
+    (the consume_gatt_slot validators), not here.
+
+    service_table is honored by the Bluedroid backend only: forward
+    scaffolding for the first esp32 direct consumer, load-bearing on no
+    current build (rp2 ignores the define and always materializes - its
+    proxy hub streams through get_service_table(), so it must keep the
+    materializer regardless of the flag).
     """
     from esphome.components import ble_device_base
 
+    entry = _backend_entry()
     ble_device_base.request_gatt_client()
+    cg.add_define(entry.define)
+    if service_table and entry.materializer_define is not None:
+        cg.add_define(entry.materializer_define)
     backend = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_BACKEND_ID])
     # The backend is the slot's real Component: component keys from the
     # connection entry (setup_priority, ...) apply to it. Consumers whose own
     # schema carries keys that register_component would misapply to the
     # backend (e.g. a polling interval) must not put them in this config.
     await cg.register_component(backend, config)
-    await _backend_entry().register(backend, config)
+    await entry.register(backend, config)
     return backend
 
 
@@ -187,6 +281,7 @@ async def new_gatt_backend(config: ConfigType) -> cg.MockObj:
 # list (this module cannot import bluetooth_proxy to derive it).
 SOURCE_FILE_FRAMEWORKS: dict[str, set[PlatformFramework]] = {
     "bluetooth_connection_bluedroid.cpp": frameworks_for_platforms([PLATFORM_ESP32]),
+    "gatt_service_table_bluedroid.cpp": frameworks_for_platforms([PLATFORM_ESP32]),
     # Every hub platform the proxy admits (the file compiles empty where
     # USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT is not defined), so a platform gaining a backend
     # cannot hit a missing-symbol trap here.

esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection.cpp

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ BatchClose close_service_batch(api::BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse &resp, size
 
 #endif  // USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
 
-#if defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT)
+#if defined(USE_ESP32_BLE) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT)
 namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection {
 
 // Address-scoped Bluedroid maintenance. Gated with the connection surface:
@@ -65,4 +65,4 @@ conn_err_t clear_gatt_cache(uint64_t address) {
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection
-#endif  // USE_ESP32 && USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT
+#endif  // USE_ESP32_BLE && USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT

esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection.h

@@ -49,15 +49,16 @@ static constexpr conn_err_t CONN_OK = 0;
 // GATT contract so backend and wrapper cannot drift.
 static constexpr conn_err_t GATT_NOT_CONNECTED = ble_device_base::GATT_ERR_NOT_CONNECTED;
 
-// What the platform's connection backend supports beyond GATT operations;
-// the proxy derives its feature flags and legacy version from these.
-#if defined(USE_ESP32)
+// What the build's connection backend supports beyond GATT operations; the
+// proxy derives its feature flags and legacy version from these. Keyed on
+// the backend define, never the platform, so a second backend on one
+// platform carries its own facts.
+#if defined(USE_BLE_GATT_BACKEND_BLUEDROID)
 static constexpr bool SUPPORTS_PAIRING = true;
 static constexpr bool SUPPORTS_CACHE_CLEARING = true;
-#elif defined(USE_RP2040_BLE) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT)
+#elif defined(USE_BLE_GATT_BACKEND_RP2)
 // The rp2 BTstack backend pairs (just works + bonding); it has no service
-// cache to clear. Keyed on the backend, not the generic client define, so a
-// future backend without pairing keeps the stub arm below.
+// cache to clear.
 static constexpr bool SUPPORTS_PAIRING = true;
 static constexpr bool SUPPORTS_CACHE_CLEARING = false;
 #else
@@ -65,13 +66,14 @@ static constexpr bool SUPPORTS_PAIRING = false;
 static constexpr bool SUPPORTS_CACHE_CLEARING = false;
 #endif
 
-// Address-scoped (not connection-scoped) maintenance requests.
-#if (defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_RP2040_BLE)) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT)
+// Address-scoped (not connection-scoped) maintenance requests; keyed on the
+// stack (the calls need no backend instance).
+#if (defined(USE_ESP32_BLE) || defined(USE_RP2040_BLE)) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT)
 conn_err_t unpair_device(uint64_t address);
 #else
 inline conn_err_t unpair_device(uint64_t) { return GATT_NOT_CONNECTED; }
 #endif
-#if defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT)
+#if defined(USE_ESP32_BLE) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT)
 conn_err_t clear_gatt_cache(uint64_t address);
 #else
 inline conn_err_t clear_gatt_cache(uint64_t) { return GATT_NOT_CONNECTED; }

esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_bluedroid.cpp

@@ -2,10 +2,11 @@
 
 #if defined(USE_ESP32_BLE) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT)
 
+#include "bluetooth_connection.h"
+
 // The in-place streamer serves the proxy's service-discovery API; backend-only
 // builds compile without the proxy headers or the streamer.
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
-#include "bluetooth_connection.h"
 #include "bluetooth_connection_hub.h"
 
 #include "esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h"
@@ -345,6 +346,9 @@ int BluedroidGattClient::update_connection_params(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_
 
 void BluedroidGattClient::release_services() {
   this->service_total_ = 0;
+#ifdef USE_BLUEDROID_GATT_SERVICE_TABLE
+  this->table_.free();
+#endif
   // Always set: terminates any in-flight stream on every cache config.
   this->services_released_ = true;
 #ifndef CONFIG_BT_GATTC_CACHE_NVS_FLASH
@@ -357,6 +361,24 @@ void BluedroidGattClient::release_services() {
 #endif
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_BLUEDROID_GATT_SERVICE_TABLE
+ble_device_base::GattServiceTable BluedroidGattClient::get_service_table() {
+  // Lifetime: every teardown path (CLOSE_EVT, the safety timeout, stack-down,
+  // passive DISCONNECT) routes through release_services(), so a materialized
+  // table cannot outlive its link.
+  if (this->table_.empty() &&
+      (this->services_released_ || this->service_total_ == 0 ||
+       !this->table_.build(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, this->service_total_, this->connection_index_))) {
+    // Released / no services / failed build all collapse to empty; the
+    // build failures warned above, log the quiet two.
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] No service table (released=%d, services=%u)", this->connection_index_, this->services_released_,
+             this->service_total_);
+    return {};
+  }
+  return this->table_.view();
+}
+#endif  // USE_BLUEDROID_GATT_SERVICE_TABLE
+
 // ---- internals ----
 
 bool BluedroidGattClient::check_addr_(const esp_bd_addr_t &addr) const {
@@ -403,6 +425,11 @@ void BluedroidGattClient::log_gattc_warning_(const char *operation, int code) {
 // ---- service streaming ----
 
 int BluedroidGattClient::handle_search_cmpl_(esp_gatt_status_t status) {
+#ifdef USE_BLUEDROID_GATT_SERVICE_TABLE
+  // Re-discovery moves the counts the table view derives offsets from; free
+  // the stale table.
+  this->table_.free();
+#endif
   // Step down from the fast discovery params.
   this->update_conn_params_(MEDIUM_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL, MEDIUM_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL, 0, MEDIUM_CONN_TIMEOUT, "medium");
   if (status != ESP_GATT_OK) {

esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_bluedroid.h

@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@
 
 #if defined(USE_ESP32_BLE) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT)
 
+#include "bluetooth_connection.h"
+#include "gatt_service_table_bluedroid.h"
+
 #include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_gatt_client.h"
 #include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
@@ -76,11 +79,16 @@ class BluedroidGattClient final : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTClient, public
   int notify_characteristic(uint16_t handle, bool enable);
   int pair();
   int update_connection_params(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency, uint16_t timeout);
-  // Contract stub: the proxy streams in place; the on-demand materializer
-  // for direct consumers lands with #18205. NOTE: a direct consumer reaching
-  // this stub gets an empty table indistinguishable from a service-less
-  // peer - do not ship one against this backend before the materializer.
+  // On-demand table for direct consumers; the proxy streams instead, so the
+  // materializer compiles only under USE_BLUEDROID_GATT_SERVICE_TABLE (emitted by
+  // direct-consumer codegen, never by the proxy).
+#ifdef USE_BLUEDROID_GATT_SERVICE_TABLE
+  ble_device_base::GattServiceTable get_service_table();
+#else
+  // A direct consumer reaching this stub misconfigured its codegen
+  // (service_table=False): the empty table reads as a service-less peer.
   ble_device_base::GattServiceTable get_service_table() { return {}; }
+#endif
   void release_services();
 
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS
@@ -110,6 +118,9 @@ class BluedroidGattClient final : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTClient, public
 
   // Group 1: pointers / composed objects
   ble_device_base::GattClientListener *listener_{nullptr};
+#ifdef USE_BLUEDROID_GATT_SERVICE_TABLE
+  BluedroidServiceTable table_;
+#endif
   // Group 2: 4-byte types
   uint32_t disconnecting_started_{0};
 

esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/bluetooth_connection_gatt_backend.h

@@ -12,10 +12,12 @@
 
 #include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_gatt_client.h"
 
-#if defined(USE_RP2040_BLE)
+// Arms are keyed on codegen-emitted per-backend defines (_PLATFORM_BACKENDS
+// in __init__.py), so they are order-independent.
+#if defined(USE_BLE_GATT_BACKEND_RP2)
 #include "bluetooth_connection_rp2.h"
 #define ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CONNECTION_TYPE bluetooth_connection::RP2GattClient
-#elif defined(USE_ESP32_BLE)
+#elif defined(USE_BLE_GATT_BACKEND_BLUEDROID)
 #include "bluetooth_connection_bluedroid.h"
 #define ESPHOME_BLE_GATT_CONNECTION_TYPE bluetooth_connection::BluedroidGattClient
 #elif defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT_STUB_BACKEND)

esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/gatt_service_table_bluedroid.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+#include "gatt_service_table_bluedroid.h"
+
+#if defined(USE_ESP32_BLE) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT) && defined(USE_BLUEDROID_GATT_SERVICE_TABLE)
+
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection {
+
+ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "bluetooth_connection");
+
+// A stack that never reports end-of-range would otherwise walk forever.
+static constexpr uint16_t MAX_DESCRIPTORS_PER_CHARACTERISTIC = 64;
+
+// Shared enumeration for both build passes: an identical walk order is what
+// lets the counting pass size the block the filling pass fills.
+// INVALID_OFFSET/NOT_FOUND mean end-of-range; anything else is a failure.
+template<typename ServiceFn, typename CharFn, typename DescFn>
+bool BluedroidServiceTable::walk_(ServiceFn &&on_service, CharFn &&on_char, DescFn &&on_desc) {
+  for (uint16_t s = 0; s < this->service_total_; s++) {
+    esp_gattc_service_elem_t svc;
+    uint16_t svc_count = 1;
+    auto svc_status = esp_ble_gattc_get_service(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, nullptr, &svc, &svc_count, s);
+    if (svc_status != ESP_GATT_OK || svc_count == 0) {
+      this->log_walk_warning_("esp_ble_gattc_get_service", svc_status);
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (!on_service(s, svc)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    uint16_t svc_chars = 0;
+    auto count_status = esp_ble_gattc_get_attr_count(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, ESP_GATT_DB_CHARACTERISTIC,
+                                                     svc.start_handle, svc.end_handle, 0, &svc_chars);
+    if (count_status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
+      this->log_walk_warning_("esp_ble_gattc_get_attr_count", count_status);
+      return false;
+    }
+    for (uint16_t c = 0; c < svc_chars; c++) {
+      esp_gattc_char_elem_t chr;
+      uint16_t char_count = 1;
+      auto status = esp_ble_gattc_get_all_char(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, svc.start_handle, svc.end_handle, &chr,
+                                               &char_count, c);
+      if (status != ESP_GATT_OK || char_count == 0) {
+        // An early terminator contradicts svc_chars from the same cache;
+        // never build a silently truncated table.
+        this->log_walk_warning_("esp_ble_gattc_get_all_char", status);
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (!on_char(svc, chr)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      for (uint16_t d = 0;; d++) {
+        if (d == MAX_DESCRIPTORS_PER_CHARACTERISTIC) {
+          // A stack that never reports end-of-range; fail like every other
+          // inconsistency instead of truncating the table silently.
+          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] Descriptor walk exceeded %u entries", this->log_index_,
+                   MAX_DESCRIPTORS_PER_CHARACTERISTIC);
+          return false;
+        }
+        esp_gattc_descr_elem_t desc;
+        uint16_t desc_count = 1;
+        auto desc_status =
+            esp_ble_gattc_get_all_descr(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, chr.char_handle, &desc, &desc_count, d);
+        if (desc_status == ESP_GATT_INVALID_OFFSET || desc_status == ESP_GATT_NOT_FOUND) {
+          break;
+        }
+        if (desc_status != ESP_GATT_OK || desc_count == 0) {
+          this->log_walk_warning_("esp_ble_gattc_get_all_descr", desc_status);
+          return false;
+        }
+        if (!on_desc(chr, desc)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool BluedroidServiceTable::count_services(esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if, uint16_t conn_id, uint16_t *total) {
+  uint16_t primary = 0;
+  uint16_t secondary = 0;
+  if (esp_ble_gattc_get_attr_count(gattc_if, conn_id, ESP_GATT_DB_PRIMARY_SERVICE, 0x0001, 0xFFFF, 0, &primary) !=
+          ESP_GATT_OK ||
+      esp_ble_gattc_get_attr_count(gattc_if, conn_id, ESP_GATT_DB_SECONDARY_SERVICE, 0x0001, 0xFFFF, 0, &secondary) !=
+          ESP_GATT_OK) {
+    // A failed count must not read as an authoritative empty database.
+    return false;
+  }
+  *total = primary + secondary;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool BluedroidServiceTable::build(esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if, uint16_t conn_id, uint16_t service_total, uint8_t log_index) {
+  this->free();
+  this->gattc_if_ = gattc_if;
+  this->conn_id_ = conn_id;
+  this->service_total_ = service_total;
+  this->log_index_ = log_index;
+
+  // Pass 1: count, so one exact-size block holds the whole table.
+  uint16_t char_total = 0;
+  uint16_t desc_total = 0;
+  bool counted = this->walk_([](uint16_t, const esp_gattc_service_elem_t &) { return true; },
+                             [&](const esp_gattc_service_elem_t &, const esp_gattc_char_elem_t &) {
+                               char_total++;
+                               return true;
+                             },
+                             [&](const esp_gattc_char_elem_t &, const esp_gattc_descr_elem_t &) {
+                               desc_total++;
+                               return true;
+                             });
+  if (!counted) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] Service table walk failed during count", this->log_index_);
+    this->free();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // The arrays share one block; carving stays aligned because each struct's
+  // strictest member is the UUID and array sizes are multiples of it.
+  static_assert(alignof(ble_device_base::GattService) >= alignof(ble_device_base::GattCharacteristic) &&
+                alignof(ble_device_base::GattCharacteristic) >= alignof(ble_device_base::GattDescriptor));
+  size_t svc_bytes = this->service_total_ * sizeof(ble_device_base::GattService);
+  size_t char_bytes = char_total * sizeof(ble_device_base::GattCharacteristic);
+  size_t total_bytes = svc_bytes + char_bytes + desc_total * sizeof(ble_device_base::GattDescriptor);
+  RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator(RAMAllocator<uint8_t>::ALLOC_INTERNAL);
+  this->storage_ = allocator.allocate(total_bytes);
+  if (this->storage_ == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] Service table allocation failed (%u bytes)", this->log_index_,
+             static_cast<unsigned>(total_bytes));
+    this->free();
+    return false;
+  }
+  auto *services = reinterpret_cast<ble_device_base::GattService *>(this->storage_);
+  auto *characteristics = reinterpret_cast<ble_device_base::GattCharacteristic *>(this->storage_ + svc_bytes);
+  auto *descriptors = reinterpret_cast<ble_device_base::GattDescriptor *>(this->storage_ + svc_bytes + char_bytes);
+
+  // Pass 2: fill, bounded by the pass-1 totals. A bound trip or a shortfall
+  // means the cached database changed between the passes; fail the build
+  // rather than serve an inconsistent table (the consumer retries).
+  uint16_t char_index = 0;
+  uint16_t desc_index = 0;
+  ble_device_base::GattService *cur_service = nullptr;
+  ble_device_base::GattCharacteristic *cur_char = nullptr;
+  bool filled = this->walk_(
+      [&](uint16_t s, const esp_gattc_service_elem_t &svc) {
+        cur_service = &services[s];
+        cur_service->uuid = ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uuid(svc.uuid);
+        cur_service->start_handle = svc.start_handle;
+        cur_service->end_handle = svc.end_handle;
+        cur_service->first_characteristic = char_index;
+        cur_service->characteristic_count = 0;
+        return true;
+      },
+      [&](const esp_gattc_service_elem_t &svc, const esp_gattc_char_elem_t &chr) {
+        if (char_index >= char_total) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        cur_char = &characteristics[char_index++];
+        cur_char->uuid = ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uuid(chr.uuid);
+        cur_char->value_handle = chr.char_handle;
+        // Bluedroid addresses descriptors by characteristic handle, so the
+        // table's end_handle only needs the service-bounded upper bound.
+        cur_char->end_handle = svc.end_handle;
+        cur_char->properties = chr.properties;
+        cur_char->first_descriptor = desc_index;
+        cur_char->descriptor_count = 0;
+        cur_service->characteristic_count++;
+        return true;
+      },
+      [&](const esp_gattc_char_elem_t &, const esp_gattc_descr_elem_t &desc) {
+        if (desc_index >= desc_total) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        descriptors[desc_index].uuid = ble_device_base::ESPBTUUID::from_uuid(desc.uuid);
+        descriptors[desc_index].handle = desc.handle;
+        desc_index++;
+        cur_char->descriptor_count++;
+        return true;
+      });
+  if (!filled || char_index != char_total || desc_index != desc_total) {
+    // Walk error or the database changed between passes; better an empty
+    // table than a corrupt one.
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] Service table walk mismatch, discarding", this->log_index_);
+    this->free();
+    return false;
+  }
+  this->char_total_ = char_total;
+  this->desc_total_ = desc_total;
+  return true;
+}
+
+void BluedroidServiceTable::log_walk_warning_(const char *operation, int code) {
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] %s failed, status=%d", this->log_index_, operation, code);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection
+
+#endif  // USE_ESP32_BLE && USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT && USE_BLUEDROID_GATT_SERVICE_TABLE

esphome/components/bluetooth_connection/gatt_service_table_bluedroid.h

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// Owning two-pass materializer of one Bluedroid GATT database snapshot into
+// the neutral GattServiceTable layout, shared by the BluedroidGattClient
+// backend and ble_client's esp32 engine.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#if defined(USE_ESP32_BLE) && defined(USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT) && defined(USE_BLUEDROID_GATT_SERVICE_TABLE)
+
+#include "esphome/components/ble_device_base/ble_gatt_client.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+#include <esp_gattc_api.h>
+
+namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection {
+
+class BluedroidServiceTable {
+ public:
+  ~BluedroidServiceTable() { this->free(); }
+  // Owns storage_; a copy would double-free. The default constructor is user
+  // provided, not "= default", so value-initializing the enclosing backend
+  // cannot zero-fill .bss that is already zero.
+  BluedroidServiceTable() {}
+  BluedroidServiceTable(const BluedroidServiceTable &) = delete;
+  BluedroidServiceTable &operator=(const BluedroidServiceTable &) = delete;
+
+  /// The service count build() requires: the stack's PRIMARY+SECONDARY
+  /// attribute totals, never the SEARCH_RES event count.
+  static bool count_services(esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if, uint16_t conn_id, uint16_t *total);
+
+  /// Two-pass build from the stack's cached database (service_total from
+  /// count_services()). log_index labels warnings. Frees any previous table
+  /// first; on failure the table is left empty.
+  bool build(esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if, uint16_t conn_id, uint16_t service_total, uint8_t log_index);
+
+  // The view is carved from the storage block and the counts on each call
+  // (a cold path) rather than cached, saving a per-instance table member.
+  ble_device_base::GattServiceTable view() const {
+    size_t svc_bytes = this->service_total_ * sizeof(ble_device_base::GattService);
+    size_t char_bytes = this->char_total_ * sizeof(ble_device_base::GattCharacteristic);
+    return {reinterpret_cast<const ble_device_base::GattService *>(this->storage_),
+            reinterpret_cast<const ble_device_base::GattCharacteristic *>(this->storage_ + svc_bytes),
+            reinterpret_cast<const ble_device_base::GattDescriptor *>(this->storage_ + svc_bytes + char_bytes),
+            this->service_total_,
+            this->char_total_,
+            this->desc_total_};
+  }
+
+  // Always resets the counts: a failed build must never leave a non-zero
+  // service_total_ behind a null table.
+  void free() {
+    if (this->storage_ != nullptr) {
+      RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator(RAMAllocator<uint8_t>::ALLOC_INTERNAL);
+      allocator.deallocate(this->storage_, 0);
+      this->storage_ = nullptr;
+    }
+    this->service_total_ = 0;
+    this->char_total_ = 0;
+    this->desc_total_ = 0;
+  }
+
+  bool empty() const { return this->storage_ == nullptr; }
+
+ private:
+  template<typename ServiceFn, typename CharFn, typename DescFn>
+  bool walk_(ServiceFn &&on_service, CharFn &&on_char, DescFn &&on_desc);
+  void log_walk_warning_(const char *operation, int code);
+
+  uint8_t *storage_{nullptr};
+  uint16_t service_total_{0};
+  uint16_t char_total_{0};
+  uint16_t desc_total_{0};
+  // Walk context, set by build().
+  uint16_t conn_id_{0};
+  esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if_{};  // uint8_t width
+  uint8_t log_index_{0};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bluetooth_connection
+
+#endif  // USE_ESP32_BLE && USE_BLE_GATT_CLIENT && USE_BLUEDROID_GATT_SERVICE_TABLE

esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/__init__.py

@@ -94,10 +94,20 @@ def _esp32_config_schema() -> cv.All:
     CONNECTION_SCHEMA = bluetooth_connection.hub_connection_schema(PLATFORM_ESP32)
 
     def validate_connections(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
-        if CONF_CONNECTIONS in config or not config[CONF_ACTIVE]:
+        if CONF_CONNECTIONS in config:
+            # Explicit entries claim slots like the generated ones; dev
+            # historically skipped this, letting an explicit-connections
+            # config evade the controller budget.
+            bluetooth_connection.consume_gatt_slot(
+                "bluetooth_proxy", len(config[CONF_CONNECTIONS])
+            )(config)
+            return config
+        if not config[CONF_ACTIVE]:
             return config
         connection_slots: int = config[CONF_CONNECTION_SLOTS]
-        esp32_ble.consume_connection_slots(connection_slots, "bluetooth_proxy")(config)
+        bluetooth_connection.consume_gatt_slot("bluetooth_proxy", connection_slots)(
+            config
+        )
         return {
             **config,
             CONF_CONNECTIONS: [CONNECTION_SCHEMA({}) for _ in range(connection_slots)],
@@ -149,14 +159,14 @@ def _rp2_config_schema() -> cv.All:
     connection_schema = bluetooth_connection.hub_connection_schema(PLATFORM_RP2)
 
     def populate_connections(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
-        from esphome.components import rp2040_ble
-
         # One wrapper + backend pair per slot, declared during validation so
         # their ids exist for codegen (the esp32 arm's `connections` pattern).
         if not config[CONF_ACTIVE]:
             return config
         connection_slots: int = config[CONF_CONNECTION_SLOTS]
-        rp2040_ble.consume_connection_slots(connection_slots, "bluetooth_proxy")(config)
+        bluetooth_connection.consume_gatt_slot("bluetooth_proxy", connection_slots)(
+            config
+        )
         return {
             **config,
             CONF_CONNECTIONS: [connection_schema({}) for _ in range(connection_slots)],
@@ -206,7 +216,9 @@ async def _connections_to_code(var: cg.MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
         # sends those requests and their handlers and encoders are dead.
         cg.add_define("USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY_CONNECTIONS")
     for connection_conf in connections:
-        backend = await bluetooth_connection.new_gatt_backend(connection_conf)
+        backend = await bluetooth_connection.new_gatt_backend(
+            connection_conf, service_table=False
+        )
         connection = cg.new_Pvariable(connection_conf[CONF_ID])
         cg.add(connection.set_backend(backend))
         cg.add(var.register_connection(connection))

esphome/components/bq25186/bq25186_button.h

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
-#ifdef USE_BUTTON
-
-#include "bq25186.h"
-#include "esphome/components/button/button.h"
-
-namespace esphome::bq25186 {
-
-/// Writes one SHIP_RST field when pressed
-class BQ25186Button final : public button::Button, public Parented<BQ25186Component> {
- public:
-  BQ25186Button(uint8_t mask, uint8_t value) : mask_(mask), value_(value) {}
-
- protected:
-  void press_action() override { this->parent_->write_ship_rst(this->mask_, this->value_); }
-
-  const uint8_t mask_;
-  const uint8_t value_;
-};
-
-}  // namespace esphome::bq25186
-
-#endif  // USE_BUTTON

esphome/components/bq25186/button.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import button
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
@@ -10,11 +9,10 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-from . import BQ25186_CHILD_SCHEMA, CONF_BQ25186_ID, bq25186_ns
+from . import BQ25186_CHILD_SCHEMA, CONF_BQ25186_ID
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["bq25186"]
 
-BQ25186Button = bq25186_ns.class_("BQ25186Button", button.Button)
 
 # SHIP_RST: bit 7 is the software reset, bits 6:5 the shutdown, ship and hardware reset codes
 SOFTWARE_RESET_MASK = 0x80
@@ -33,7 +31,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     BQ25186_CHILD_SCHEMA.extend(
         {
             cv.Optional(key): button.button_schema(
-                BQ25186Button,
+                button.ApplyButton,
                 entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
                 icon=icon,
                 device_class=device_class,
@@ -46,7 +44,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    buttons = button.sub_buttons(config, parent=config[CONF_BQ25186_ID])
     for key, mask, value, _, _ in _BUTTONS:
-        if (conf := config.get(key)) is not None:
-            var = await button.new_button(conf, mask, value)
-            await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_BQ25186_ID])
+        await buttons(key, None, apply=f"write_ship_rst({mask:#04x}, {value:#04x})")

esphome/components/button/__init__.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 from esphome import automation
 from esphome.automation import maybe_simple_id
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import mqtt, web_server
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_DEVICE_CLASS,
@@ -10,7 +9,6 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_MQTT_ID,
     CONF_ON_PRESS,
-    CONF_WEB_SERVER,
     DEVICE_CLASS_EMPTY,
     DEVICE_CLASS_IDENTIFY,
     DEVICE_CLASS_RESTART,
@@ -21,11 +19,12 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ICON_RESTART,
     ICON_RESTART_ALERT,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority, entity_helpers
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
     ApplyEntity,
     SubEntities,
     entity_duplicate_validator,
+    mqtt_component_class,
     queue_entity_register,
     setup_device_class,
     setup_entity,
@@ -53,11 +52,13 @@ validate_device_class = cv.one_of(*DEVICE_CLASSES, lower=True, space="_")
 
 
 _BUTTON_SCHEMA = (
-    cv.ENTITY_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(web_server.WEBSERVER_SORTING_SCHEMA)
+    cv.ENTITY_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(entity_helpers.WEBSERVER_SORTING_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.MQTT_COMMAND_COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
     .extend(
         {
-            cv.OnlyWith(CONF_MQTT_ID, "mqtt"): cv.declare_id(mqtt.MQTTButtonComponent),
+            cv.OnlyWith(CONF_MQTT_ID, "mqtt"): cv.declare_id(
+                mqtt_component_class("MQTTButtonComponent")
+            ),
             cv.Optional(
                 CONF_DEVICE_CLASS, visibility=cv.Visibility.ADVANCED
             ): validate_device_class,
@@ -135,12 +136,7 @@ async def setup_button_core_(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
 
     setup_device_class(config)
 
-    if mqtt_id := config.get(CONF_MQTT_ID):
-        mqtt_ = cg.new_Pvariable(mqtt_id, var)
-        await mqtt.register_mqtt_component(mqtt_, config)
-
-    if web_server_config := config.get(CONF_WEB_SERVER):
-        await web_server.add_entity_config(var, web_server_config)
+    await entity_helpers.setup_entity_integrations(var, config)
 
 
 async def register_button(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:

esphome/components/climate/__init__.py

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import mqtt, web_server
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ACTION_STATE_TOPIC,
@@ -49,15 +48,15 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TEMPERATURE_STEP,
     CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT,
     CONF_VISUAL,
-    CONF_WEB_SERVER,
     UNIT_KELVIN,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority, entity_helpers
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
     TemperatureUnitResolver,
     convert_visual_temperatures,
     declare_fixed_temperature_unit,
     entity_duplicate_validator,
+    mqtt_component_class,
     queue_entity_register,
     setup_entity,
     setup_entity_temperature_unit,
@@ -177,11 +176,13 @@ _visual_temperatures_in_entity_unit = partial(
 
 
 _CLIMATE_SCHEMA = (
-    cv.ENTITY_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(web_server.WEBSERVER_SORTING_SCHEMA)
+    cv.ENTITY_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(entity_helpers.WEBSERVER_SORTING_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.MQTT_COMMAND_COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
     .extend(
         {
-            cv.OnlyWith(CONF_MQTT_ID, "mqtt"): cv.declare_id(mqtt.MQTTClimateComponent),
+            cv.OnlyWith(CONF_MQTT_ID, "mqtt"): cv.declare_id(
+                mqtt_component_class("MQTTClimateComponent")
+            ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_VISUAL, default={}): cv.Schema(
                 {
                     cv.Optional(CONF_MIN_TEMPERATURE): cv.temperature_with_unit,
@@ -353,10 +354,8 @@ async def setup_climate_core_(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
         cg.add(var.set_visual_max_humidity_override(max_humidity))
     setup_entity_temperature_unit(var, config)
 
-    if (mqtt_id := config.get(CONF_MQTT_ID)) is not None:
-        mqtt_ = cg.new_Pvariable(mqtt_id, var)
-        await mqtt.register_mqtt_component(mqtt_, config)
-
+    mqtt_ = await entity_helpers.setup_entity_integrations(var, config)
+    if mqtt_ is not None:
         if (action_state_topic := config.get(CONF_ACTION_STATE_TOPIC)) is not None:
             cg.add(mqtt_.set_custom_action_state_topic(action_state_topic))
         if (away_command_topic := config.get(CONF_AWAY_COMMAND_TOPIC)) is not None:
@@ -486,9 +485,6 @@ async def setup_climate_core_(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
 
     await automation.build_callback_automations(var, config, _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS)
 
-    if web_server_config := config.get(CONF_WEB_SERVER):
-        await web_server.add_entity_config(var, web_server_config)
-
 
 def set_custom_fan_modes(var: MockObj, modes: list[str]) -> None:
     """Point the climate at a shared flash table of custom fan modes."""

esphome/components/cover/__init__.py

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ import logging
 from esphome import automation
 from esphome.automation import maybe_simple_id
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import mqtt, web_server
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_DEVICE_CLASS,
@@ -23,7 +22,6 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TILT_COMMAND_TOPIC,
     CONF_TILT_STATE_TOPIC,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
-    CONF_WEB_SERVER,
     DEVICE_CLASS_AWNING,
     DEVICE_CLASS_BLIND,
     DEVICE_CLASS_CURTAIN,
@@ -36,9 +34,10 @@ from esphome.const import (
     DEVICE_CLASS_SHUTTER,
     DEVICE_CLASS_WINDOW,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority, entity_helpers
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
     entity_duplicate_validator,
+    mqtt_component_class,
     queue_entity_register,
     setup_device_class,
     setup_entity,
@@ -112,11 +111,13 @@ TRIGGERS = {
 
 
 _COVER_SCHEMA = (
-    cv.ENTITY_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(web_server.WEBSERVER_SORTING_SCHEMA)
+    cv.ENTITY_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(entity_helpers.WEBSERVER_SORTING_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.MQTT_COMMAND_COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
     .extend(
         {
-            cv.OnlyWith(CONF_MQTT_ID, "mqtt"): cv.declare_id(mqtt.MQTTCoverComponent),
+            cv.OnlyWith(CONF_MQTT_ID, "mqtt"): cv.declare_id(
+                mqtt_component_class("MQTTCoverComponent")
+            ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_MQTT_JSON_STATE_PAYLOAD): cv.All(
                 cv.requires_component("mqtt"), cv.boolean
             ),
@@ -202,10 +203,8 @@ async def setup_cover_core_(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
             trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
             await automation.build_automation(trigger, [], conf)
 
-    if (mqtt_id := config.get(CONF_MQTT_ID)) is not None:
-        mqtt_ = cg.new_Pvariable(mqtt_id, var)
-        await mqtt.register_mqtt_component(mqtt_, config)
-
+    mqtt_ = await entity_helpers.setup_entity_integrations(var, config)
+    if mqtt_ is not None:
         if (position_state_topic := config.get(CONF_POSITION_STATE_TOPIC)) is not None:
             cg.add(mqtt_.set_custom_position_state_topic(position_state_topic))
         if (
@@ -220,9 +219,6 @@ async def setup_cover_core_(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
         if (tilt_command_topic := config.get(CONF_TILT_COMMAND_TOPIC)) is not None:
             cg.add(mqtt_.set_custom_tilt_command_topic(tilt_command_topic))
 
-    if web_server_config := config.get(CONF_WEB_SERVER):
-        await web_server.add_entity_config(var, web_server_config)
-
 
 async def register_cover(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if not CORE.has_id(config[CONF_ID]):

esphome/components/cse7766/cse7766.cpp

@@ -28,30 +28,23 @@ void CSE7766Component::loop() {
 
   // Read all available bytes in batches to reduce UART call overhead.
   // At 4800 baud (~480 bytes/sec) with ~122 Hz loop rate, typically ~4 bytes per call.
-  uint8_t buf[CSE7766_RAW_DATA_SIZE];
-  while (avail > 0) {
-    size_t to_read = std::min(avail, sizeof(buf));
-    if (!this->read_array(buf, to_read)) {
-      break;
-    }
-    avail -= to_read;
+  this->read_available<CSE7766_RAW_DATA_SIZE>(
+      [this](uint8_t byte) {
+        this->raw_data_[this->raw_data_index_] = byte;
+        if (!this->check_byte_()) {
+          this->raw_data_index_ = 0;
+          this->status_set_warning();
+          return;
+        }
 
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < to_read; i++) {
-      this->raw_data_[this->raw_data_index_] = buf[i];
-      if (!this->check_byte_()) {
-        this->raw_data_index_ = 0;
-        this->status_set_warning();
-        continue;
-      }
+        if (this->raw_data_index_ == CSE7766_RAW_DATA_SIZE - 1) {
+          this->parse_data_();
+          this->status_clear_warning();
+        }
 
-      if (this->raw_data_index_ == CSE7766_RAW_DATA_SIZE - 1) {
-        this->parse_data_();
-        this->status_clear_warning();
-      }
-
-      this->raw_data_index_ = (this->raw_data_index_ + 1) % CSE7766_RAW_DATA_SIZE;
-    }
-  }
+        this->raw_data_index_ = (this->raw_data_index_ + 1) % CSE7766_RAW_DATA_SIZE;
+      },
+      avail);
 }
 
 bool CSE7766Component::check_byte_() {

esphome/components/datetime/__init__.py

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ from collections.abc import Callable
 
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import mqtt, time, web_server
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_DATE,
@@ -20,12 +19,12 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TIME_ID,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
     CONF_TYPE,
-    CONF_WEB_SERVER,
     CONF_YEAR,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority, entity_helpers
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
     entity_duplicate_validator,
+    mqtt_component_class,
     queue_entity_register,
     setup_entity,
 )
@@ -38,6 +37,10 @@ DOMAIN = "datetime"
 IS_PLATFORM_COMPONENT = True
 
 datetime_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("datetime")
+# Matches time.RealTimeClock by name without importing the time component
+_RealTimeClock = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("time").class_(
+    "RealTimeClock", cg.PollingComponent
+)
 DateTimeBase = datetime_ns.class_("DateTimeBase", cg.EntityBase)
 DateEntity = datetime_ns.class_("DateEntity", DateTimeBase)
 TimeEntity = datetime_ns.class_("TimeEntity", DateTimeBase)
@@ -64,7 +67,7 @@ DATETIME_MODES = [
 def _validate_time_present(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     config = config.copy()
     if CONF_ON_TIME in config and CONF_TIME_ID not in config:
-        time_id = cv.use_id(time.RealTimeClock)(None)
+        time_id = cv.use_id(_RealTimeClock)(None)
         config[CONF_TIME_ID] = time_id
     return config
 
@@ -73,10 +76,10 @@ _DATETIME_SCHEMA = cv.ENTITY_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_VALUE): automation.validate_automation({}),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_TIME_ID): cv.use_id(time.RealTimeClock),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TIME_ID): cv.use_id(_RealTimeClock),
         }
     )
-    .extend(web_server.WEBSERVER_SORTING_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(entity_helpers.WEBSERVER_SORTING_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.MQTT_COMMAND_COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 ).add_extra(_validate_time_present)
 
@@ -87,7 +90,9 @@ def date_schema(class_: MockObjClass) -> cv.Schema:
     schema = cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(class_),
-            cv.OnlyWith(CONF_MQTT_ID, "mqtt"): cv.declare_id(mqtt.MQTTDateComponent),
+            cv.OnlyWith(CONF_MQTT_ID, "mqtt"): cv.declare_id(
+                mqtt_component_class("MQTTDateComponent")
+            ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_TYPE, default="DATE"): cv.one_of("DATE", upper=True),
         }
     )
@@ -98,7 +103,9 @@ def time_schema(class_: MockObjClass) -> cv.Schema:
     schema = cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(class_),
-            cv.OnlyWith(CONF_MQTT_ID, "mqtt"): cv.declare_id(mqtt.MQTTTimeComponent),
+            cv.OnlyWith(CONF_MQTT_ID, "mqtt"): cv.declare_id(
+                mqtt_component_class("MQTTTimeComponent")
+            ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_TYPE, default="TIME"): cv.one_of("TIME", upper=True),
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_TIME): automation.validate_automation(
                 {
@@ -115,7 +122,7 @@ def datetime_schema(class_: MockObjClass) -> cv.Schema:
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(class_),
             cv.OnlyWith(CONF_MQTT_ID, "mqtt"): cv.declare_id(
-                mqtt.MQTTDateTimeComponent
+                mqtt_component_class("MQTTDateTimeComponent")
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_TYPE, default="DATETIME"): cv.one_of(
                 "DATETIME", upper=True
@@ -132,11 +139,7 @@ def datetime_schema(class_: MockObjClass) -> cv.Schema:
 
 @setup_entity("datetime")
 async def setup_datetime_core_(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
-    if (mqtt_id := config.get(CONF_MQTT_ID)) is not None:
-        mqtt_ = cg.new_Pvariable(mqtt_id, var)
-        await mqtt.register_mqtt_component(mqtt_, config)
-    if web_server_config := config.get(CONF_WEB_SERVER):
-        await web_server.add_entity_config(var, web_server_config)
+    await entity_helpers.setup_entity_integrations(var, config)
     # The state callback carries nothing; the automation gets the value as an ESPTime.
     for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_VALUE, []):
         await automation.build_callback_automation(

esphome/components/dfplayer/dfplayer.cpp

@@ -135,153 +135,140 @@ void DFPlayer::send_cmd_(uint8_t cmd, uint16_t argument) {
 }
 
 void DFPlayer::loop() {
-  // Read all available bytes in batches to reduce UART call overhead.
-  size_t avail = this->available();
-  uint8_t buf[64];
-  while (avail > 0) {
-    size_t to_read = std::min(avail, sizeof(buf));
-    if (!this->read_array(buf, to_read)) {
-      break;
-    }
-    avail -= to_read;
-    for (size_t bi = 0; bi < to_read; bi++) {
-      uint8_t byte = buf[bi];
+  this->read_available([this](uint8_t byte) {
+    if (this->read_pos_ == DFPLAYER_READ_BUFFER_LENGTH)
+      this->read_pos_ = 0;
 
-      if (this->read_pos_ == DFPLAYER_READ_BUFFER_LENGTH)
-        this->read_pos_ = 0;
-
-      switch (this->read_pos_) {
-        case 0:  // Start mark
-          if (byte != 0x7E)
-            continue;
-          break;
-        case 1:  // Version
-          if (byte != 0xFF) {
-            ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Expected Version 0xFF, got %#02x", byte);
-            this->read_pos_ = 0;
-            continue;
-          }
-          break;
-        case 2:  // Buffer length
-          if (byte != 0x06) {
-            ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Expected Buffer length 0x06, got %#02x", byte);
-            this->read_pos_ = 0;
-            continue;
-          }
-          break;
-        case 9:  // End byte
-#ifdef ESPHOME_LOG_HAS_VERY_VERBOSE
-          char byte_sequence[100];
-          byte_sequence[0] = '\0';
-          for (size_t i = 0; i < this->read_pos_ + 1; ++i) {
-            snprintf(byte_sequence + strlen(byte_sequence), sizeof(byte_sequence) - strlen(byte_sequence), "%02X ",
-                     this->read_buffer_[i]);
-          }
-          ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Received byte sequence: %s", byte_sequence);
-#endif
-          if (byte != 0xEF) {
-            ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Expected end byte 0xEF, got %#02x", byte);
-            this->read_pos_ = 0;
-            continue;
-          }
-          // Parse valid received command
-          uint8_t cmd = this->read_buffer_[3];
-          uint16_t argument = (this->read_buffer_[5] << 8) | this->read_buffer_[6];
-
-          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Received message cmd: %#02x arg %#04x", cmd, argument);
-
-          switch (cmd) {
-            case 0x3A:
-              if (argument == 1) {
-                ESP_LOGI(TAG, "USB loaded");
-              } else if (argument == 2) {
-                ESP_LOGI(TAG, "TF Card loaded");
-              }
-              break;
-            case 0x3B:
-              if (argument == 1) {
-                ESP_LOGI(TAG, "USB unloaded");
-              } else if (argument == 2) {
-                ESP_LOGI(TAG, "TF Card unloaded");
-              }
-              break;
-            case 0x3F:
-              if (argument == 1) {
-                ESP_LOGI(TAG, "USB available");
-              } else if (argument == 2) {
-                ESP_LOGI(TAG, "TF Card available");
-              } else if (argument == 3) {
-                ESP_LOGI(TAG, "USB, TF Card available");
-              }
-              break;
-            case 0x40:
-              ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Nack");
-              this->ack_set_is_playing_ = false;
-              this->ack_reset_is_playing_ = false;
-              switch (argument) {
-                case 0x01:
-                  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Module is busy or uninitialized");
-                  break;
-                case 0x02:
-                  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Module is in sleep mode");
-                  break;
-                case 0x03:
-                  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Serial receive error");
-                  break;
-                case 0x04:
-                  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Checksum incorrect");
-                  break;
-                case 0x05:
-                  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Specified track is out of current track scope");
-                  this->is_playing_ = false;
-                  break;
-                case 0x06:
-                  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Specified track is not found");
-                  this->is_playing_ = false;
-                  break;
-                case 0x07:
-                  ESP_LOGE(TAG,
-                           "Insertion error (an inserting operation only can be done when a track is being played)");
-                  break;
-                case 0x08:
-                  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "SD card reading failed (SD card pulled out or damaged)");
-                  break;
-                case 0x09:
-                  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Entered into sleep mode");
-                  this->is_playing_ = false;
-                  break;
-                default:
-                  break;
-              }
-              break;
-            case 0x41:
-              ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Ack ok");
-              this->is_playing_ |= this->ack_set_is_playing_;
-              this->is_playing_ &= !this->ack_reset_is_playing_;
-              this->ack_set_is_playing_ = false;
-              this->ack_reset_is_playing_ = false;
-              break;
-            case 0x3C:
-              ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Playback finished (USB drive)");
-              this->is_playing_ = false;
-              this->on_finished_playback_callback_.call();
-              break;
-            case 0x3D:
-              ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Playback finished (SD card)");
-              this->is_playing_ = false;
-              this->on_finished_playback_callback_.call();
-              break;
-            default:
-              ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Received unknown cmd %#02x arg %#04x", cmd, argument);
-          }
-          this->sent_cmd_ = 0;
+    switch (this->read_pos_) {
+      case 0:  // Start mark
+        if (byte != 0x7E)
+          return;
+        break;
+      case 1:  // Version
+        if (byte != 0xFF) {
+          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Expected Version 0xFF, got %#02x", byte);
           this->read_pos_ = 0;
-          continue;
-      }
-      this->read_buffer_[this->read_pos_] = byte;
-      this->read_pos_++;
+          return;
+        }
+        break;
+      case 2:  // Buffer length
+        if (byte != 0x06) {
+          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Expected Buffer length 0x06, got %#02x", byte);
+          this->read_pos_ = 0;
+          return;
+        }
+        break;
+      case 9:  // End byte
+#ifdef ESPHOME_LOG_HAS_VERY_VERBOSE
+        char byte_sequence[100];
+        byte_sequence[0] = '\0';
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < this->read_pos_ + 1; ++i) {
+          snprintf(byte_sequence + strlen(byte_sequence), sizeof(byte_sequence) - strlen(byte_sequence), "%02X ",
+                   this->read_buffer_[i]);
+        }
+        ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Received byte sequence: %s", byte_sequence);
+#endif
+        if (byte != 0xEF) {
+          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Expected end byte 0xEF, got %#02x", byte);
+          this->read_pos_ = 0;
+          return;
+        }
+        // Parse valid received command
+        uint8_t cmd = this->read_buffer_[3];
+        uint16_t argument = (this->read_buffer_[5] << 8) | this->read_buffer_[6];
+
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Received message cmd: %#02x arg %#04x", cmd, argument);
+
+        switch (cmd) {
+          case 0x3A:
+            if (argument == 1) {
+              ESP_LOGI(TAG, "USB loaded");
+            } else if (argument == 2) {
+              ESP_LOGI(TAG, "TF Card loaded");
+            }
+            break;
+          case 0x3B:
+            if (argument == 1) {
+              ESP_LOGI(TAG, "USB unloaded");
+            } else if (argument == 2) {
+              ESP_LOGI(TAG, "TF Card unloaded");
+            }
+            break;
+          case 0x3F:
+            if (argument == 1) {
+              ESP_LOGI(TAG, "USB available");
+            } else if (argument == 2) {
+              ESP_LOGI(TAG, "TF Card available");
+            } else if (argument == 3) {
+              ESP_LOGI(TAG, "USB, TF Card available");
+            }
+            break;
+          case 0x40:
+            ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Nack");
+            this->ack_set_is_playing_ = false;
+            this->ack_reset_is_playing_ = false;
+            switch (argument) {
+              case 0x01:
+                ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Module is busy or uninitialized");
+                break;
+              case 0x02:
+                ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Module is in sleep mode");
+                break;
+              case 0x03:
+                ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Serial receive error");
+                break;
+              case 0x04:
+                ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Checksum incorrect");
+                break;
+              case 0x05:
+                ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Specified track is out of current track scope");
+                this->is_playing_ = false;
+                break;
+              case 0x06:
+                ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Specified track is not found");
+                this->is_playing_ = false;
+                break;
+              case 0x07:
+                ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Insertion error (an inserting operation only can be done when a track is being played)");
+                break;
+              case 0x08:
+                ESP_LOGE(TAG, "SD card reading failed (SD card pulled out or damaged)");
+                break;
+              case 0x09:
+                ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Entered into sleep mode");
+                this->is_playing_ = false;
+                break;
+              default:
+                break;
+            }
+            break;
+          case 0x41:
+            ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Ack ok");
+            this->is_playing_ |= this->ack_set_is_playing_;
+            this->is_playing_ &= !this->ack_reset_is_playing_;
+            this->ack_set_is_playing_ = false;
+            this->ack_reset_is_playing_ = false;
+            break;
+          case 0x3C:
+            ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Playback finished (USB drive)");
+            this->is_playing_ = false;
+            this->on_finished_playback_callback_.call();
+            break;
+          case 0x3D:
+            ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Playback finished (SD card)");
+            this->is_playing_ = false;
+            this->on_finished_playback_callback_.call();
+            break;
+          default:
+            ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Received unknown cmd %#02x arg %#04x", cmd, argument);
+        }
+        this->sent_cmd_ = 0;
+        this->read_pos_ = 0;
+        return;
     }
-  }
+    this->read_buffer_[this->read_pos_] = byte;
+    this->read_pos_++;
+  });
 }
 void DFPlayer::dump_config() { ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "DFPlayer:"); }
 

esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0465_uart/dfrobot_sen0465_uart.cpp

@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
 #include "dfrobot_sen0465_uart.h"
 
-#include <algorithm>
-
 namespace esphome::dfrobot_sen0465_uart {
 
-using dfrobot_sen0465_base::FRAME_HEAD;
 using dfrobot_sen0465_base::FRAME_SIZE;
 using dfrobot_sen0465_base::RESPONSE_TIMEOUT_ID;
 
@@ -18,30 +15,21 @@ void DFRobotSEN0465UARTComponent::setup() {
 }
 
 void DFRobotSEN0465UARTComponent::loop() {
-  // The tail of a reading the probe sent on its own may precede the answer; start at the next frame head.
-  uint8_t byte;
-  while (this->rx_count_ == 0 && this->peek_byte(&byte) && byte != FRAME_HEAD)
-    this->read_byte(&byte);
-  const size_t available = this->available();
-  if (available == 0)
-    return;
-  const size_t len = std::min<size_t>(available, FRAME_SIZE - this->rx_count_);
-  if (!this->read_array(this->rx_buffer_ + this->rx_count_, len))
-    return;
-  this->rx_count_ += len;
-  if (this->rx_count_ < FRAME_SIZE)
+  // The tail of a reading the probe sent on its own may precede the answer; the reader skips to the frame head.
+  const uint8_t *frame = nullptr;
+  this->read_available<FRAME_SIZE>([&](uint8_t c) { return (frame = this->reader_.feed(c)) == nullptr; });
+  if (frame == nullptr)
     return;
 
-  this->rx_count_ = 0;
   this->cancel_timeout(RESPONSE_TIMEOUT_ID);
   this->disable_loop();
-  this->handle_response_(this->rx_buffer_);
+  this->handle_response_(frame);
 }
 
 bool DFRobotSEN0465UARTComponent::write_frame(const uint8_t *frame) {
   // Drop anything left over, such as the answer to the mode change or readings sent before passive mode was set
   this->discard_available();
-  this->rx_count_ = 0;
+  this->reader_.reset();
   this->write_array(frame, FRAME_SIZE);
   return true;
 }
@@ -50,7 +38,7 @@ void DFRobotSEN0465UARTComponent::read_response() {
   this->enable_loop();
   this->set_timeout(RESPONSE_TIMEOUT_ID, RESPONSE_TIMEOUT_MS, [this]() {
     this->disable_loop();
-    this->rx_count_ = 0;
+    this->reader_.reset();
     this->handle_no_response_();
   });
 }

esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0465_uart/dfrobot_sen0465_uart.h

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #include "esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0465_base/dfrobot_sen0465_base.h"
 #include "esphome/components/uart/uart.h"
+#include "esphome/core/frame_reader.h"
 
 namespace esphome::dfrobot_sen0465_uart {
 
@@ -17,8 +18,7 @@ class DFRobotSEN0465UARTComponent final : public dfrobot_sen0465_base::DFRobotSE
   bool write_frame(const uint8_t *frame) override;
   void read_response() override;
 
-  uint8_t rx_buffer_[dfrobot_sen0465_base::FRAME_SIZE];
-  uint8_t rx_count_{0};
+  FrameReader<dfrobot_sen0465_base::FRAME_SIZE, dfrobot_sen0465_base::FRAME_HEAD> reader_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::dfrobot_sen0465_uart

esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0609/button/__init__.py

@@ -5,19 +5,16 @@ import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_FACTORY_RESET, CONF_ID, CONF_RESTART
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-from .. import CONF_DFROBOT_SEN0609_ID, DFRobotSEN0609Component, dfrobot_sen0609_ns
-
-DFRobotSEN0609Button = dfrobot_sen0609_ns.class_("DFRobotSEN0609Button", button.Button)
-ButtonAction = dfrobot_sen0609_ns.enum("ButtonAction")
+from .. import CONF_DFROBOT_SEN0609_ID, DFRobotSEN0609Component
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
     cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(cg.EntityBase),
     cv.GenerateID(CONF_DFROBOT_SEN0609_ID): cv.use_id(DFRobotSEN0609Component),
     cv.Optional(CONF_FACTORY_RESET): button.factory_reset_button_schema(
-        DFRobotSEN0609Button
+        button.ApplyButton
     ),
-    cv.Optional(CONF_QUERY_PARAMS): button.query_button_schema(DFRobotSEN0609Button),
-    cv.Optional(CONF_RESTART): button.restart_button_schema(DFRobotSEN0609Button),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_QUERY_PARAMS): button.query_button_schema(button.ApplyButton),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_RESTART): button.restart_button_schema(button.ApplyButton),
 }
 
 
@@ -25,11 +22,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_DFROBOT_SEN0609_ID])
     buttons = button.sub_buttons(config, parent=hub)
     await buttons(
-        CONF_FACTORY_RESET,
-        hub.set_factory_reset_button,
-        ButtonAction.BUTTON_FACTORY_RESET,
+        CONF_FACTORY_RESET, hub.set_factory_reset_button, apply="factory_reset()"
     )
-    await buttons(
-        CONF_QUERY_PARAMS, hub.set_query_button, ButtonAction.BUTTON_QUERY_PARAMS
-    )
-    await buttons(CONF_RESTART, hub.set_restart_button, ButtonAction.BUTTON_RESTART)
+    await buttons(CONF_QUERY_PARAMS, hub.set_query_button, apply="query_params()")
+    await buttons(CONF_RESTART, hub.set_restart_button, apply="restart()")

esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0609/button/dfrobot_sen0609_button.h

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "esphome/components/button/button.h"
-#include "../dfrobot_sen0609.h"
-
-namespace esphome::dfrobot_sen0609 {
-
-class DFRobotSEN0609Button final : public button::Button, public Parented<DFRobotSEN0609Component> {
- public:
-  explicit DFRobotSEN0609Button(ButtonAction action) : action_(action) {}
-
- protected:
-  void press_action() override {
-    switch (this->action_) {
-      case BUTTON_RESTART:
-        this->parent_->restart();
-        break;
-      case BUTTON_FACTORY_RESET:
-        this->parent_->factory_reset();
-        break;
-      case BUTTON_QUERY_PARAMS:
-        this->parent_->query_params();
-        break;
-    }
-  }
-
-  ButtonAction action_;
-};
-
-}  // namespace esphome::dfrobot_sen0609

esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0609/dfrobot_sen0609.cpp

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/progmem.h"
 
-#include <algorithm>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <cstring>
@@ -175,21 +174,11 @@ void DFRobotSEN0609Component::setup() {
 }
 
 void DFRobotSEN0609Component::loop() {
-  uint8_t buf[MAX_LINE_LENGTH];
-  size_t avail = this->available();
-  while (avail > 0) {
-    const size_t to_read = std::min(avail, sizeof(buf));
-    if (!this->read_array(buf, to_read)) {
-      if (!this->read_failed_) {
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "UART read failed");
-      }
-      this->read_failed_ = true;
-      break;
-    }
+  if (this->read_available<MAX_LINE_LENGTH>([this](uint8_t b) { this->readline_(b); })) {
     this->read_failed_ = false;
-    avail -= to_read;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < to_read; i++)
-      this->readline_(buf[i]);
+  } else if (!this->read_failed_) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "UART read failed");
+    this->read_failed_ = true;
   }
   this->run_sequencer_();
 }
@@ -454,6 +443,15 @@ void DFRobotSEN0609Component::control_number(NumberSetting setting, float value)
   this->request_write_(static_cast<Param>(progmem_read_byte(&NUMBER_PARAMS[setting])));
 }
 
+void DFRobotSEN0609Component::control_number(number::Number *number, float value) {
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < NUMBER_COUNT; i++) {
+    if (this->numbers_[i] == number) {
+      this->control_number(static_cast<NumberSetting>(i), value);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 void DFRobotSEN0609Component::forget_number_changes_(Param param, bool unknown) {
   for (uint8_t i = 0; i < NUMBER_COUNT; i++) {
     if (progmem_read_byte(&NUMBER_PARAMS[i]) != param)

esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0609/dfrobot_sen0609.h

@@ -62,12 +62,6 @@ enum SwitchSetting : uint8_t {
   SWITCH_COUNT,
 };
 
-enum ButtonAction : uint8_t {
-  BUTTON_RESTART,
-  BUTTON_FACTORY_RESET,
-  BUTTON_QUERY_PARAMS,
-};
-
 /// Module parameters; a write or read of each is one command. Pending work runs in this order.
 enum Param : uint8_t {
   PARAM_RUN_APP,
@@ -130,6 +124,8 @@ class DFRobotSEN0609Component final : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice
 #ifdef USE_NUMBER
   void set_number(NumberSetting setting, number::Number *number) { this->numbers_[setting] = number; }
   void control_number(NumberSetting setting, float value);
+  // Finds the setting by pointer so every number shares one Apply function
+  void control_number(number::Number *number, float value);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SWITCH
   void set_switch(SwitchSetting setting, switch_::Switch *sw) { this->switches_[setting] = sw; }

esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0609/number/__init__.py

@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ from .. import (
     final_validate_mode,
 )
 
-DFRobotSEN0609Number = dfrobot_sen0609_ns.class_("DFRobotSEN0609Number", number.Number)
 NumberSetting = dfrobot_sen0609_ns.enum("NumberSetting")
 
 CONF_HOLD_SENSITIVITY = "hold_sensitivity"
@@ -55,7 +54,7 @@ class Setting(NamedTuple):
 
 def _distance(icon: str = ICON_RULER) -> cv.Schema:
     return number.number_schema(
-        DFRobotSEN0609Number,
+        number.ApplyNumber,
         device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
         entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
         icon=icon,
@@ -65,7 +64,7 @@ def _distance(icon: str = ICON_RULER) -> cv.Schema:
 
 def _duration() -> cv.Schema:
     return number.number_schema(
-        DFRobotSEN0609Number,
+        number.ApplyNumber,
         device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DURATION,
         entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
         icon=ICON_TIMELAPSE,
@@ -75,7 +74,7 @@ def _duration() -> cv.Schema:
 
 def _plain() -> cv.Schema:
     return number.number_schema(
-        DFRobotSEN0609Number,
+        number.ApplyNumber,
         entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
         icon=ICON_MOTION_SENSOR,
     )
@@ -187,8 +186,8 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         await numbers(
             s.key,
             lambda n, setting=s.setting: hub.set_number(setting, n),
-            s.setting,
             min_value=s.min_value,
             max_value=max_range if s.max_value is None else s.max_value,
             step=s.step,
+            apply="control_number(entity, value)",
         )

esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0609/number/dfrobot_sen0609_number.h

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "esphome/components/number/number.h"
-#include "../dfrobot_sen0609.h"
-
-namespace esphome::dfrobot_sen0609 {
-
-class DFRobotSEN0609Number final : public number::Number, public Parented<DFRobotSEN0609Component> {
- public:
-  explicit DFRobotSEN0609Number(NumberSetting setting) : setting_(setting) {}
-
- protected:
-  void control(float value) override { this->parent_->control_number(this->setting_, value); }
-
-  NumberSetting setting_;
-};
-
-}  // namespace esphome::dfrobot_sen0609

esphome/components/ds1603l/ds1603l.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 #include "ds1603l.h"
 
-#include <cstring>
-
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
@@ -10,35 +8,28 @@ namespace esphome::ds1603l {
 ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "ds1603l.sensor");
 
 void DS1603L::loop() {
-  // Assemble frames one byte at a time so a stream that starts mid-frame can realign
-  uint8_t byte;
-  while (this->available() > 0 && this->read_byte(&byte)) {
-    if (this->rx_count_ == 0 && byte != HEADER_BYTE) {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Skipping byte 0x%02X while looking for header", byte);
-      continue;
+  this->read_available([this](uint8_t byte) {
+    const uint8_t *frame = this->reader_.feed(byte);
+    if (frame == nullptr) {
+      if (this->reader_.length() == 0) {
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Skipping byte 0x%02X while looking for header", byte);
+      }
+      return;
     }
-
-    this->rx_buffer_[this->rx_count_++] = byte;
-    if (this->rx_count_ < FRAME_SIZE) {
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    if (this->parse_data_()) {
-      this->rx_count_ = 0;
-    } else {
+    if (!this->parse_data_(frame)) {
       // The header byte was part of the payload of a misaligned frame, so realign instead of dropping everything
-      this->resync_();
+      this->reader_.resync();
     }
-  }
+  });
 }
 
 void DS1603L::dump_config() { LOG_SENSOR("", "DS1603L", this); }
 
-bool DS1603L::parse_data_() {
-  uint8_t header = this->rx_buffer_[0];
-  uint8_t data_h = this->rx_buffer_[1];
-  uint8_t data_l = this->rx_buffer_[2];
-  uint8_t checksum = this->rx_buffer_[3];
+bool DS1603L::parse_data_(const uint8_t *frame) {
+  uint8_t header = frame[0];
+  uint8_t data_h = frame[1];
+  uint8_t data_l = frame[2];
+  uint8_t checksum = frame[3];
 
   uint8_t computed_checksum = (header + data_h + data_l) & 0xFF;
 
@@ -53,16 +44,4 @@ bool DS1603L::parse_data_() {
   return true;
 }
 
-void DS1603L::resync_() {
-  // Drop the byte that was treated as the header, then look for the next candidate header in what is left
-  size_t start = 1;
-  while (start < this->rx_count_ && this->rx_buffer_[start] != HEADER_BYTE) {
-    start++;
-  }
-  this->rx_count_ -= start;
-  if (this->rx_count_ > 0) {
-    memmove(this->rx_buffer_, this->rx_buffer_ + start, this->rx_count_);
-  }
-}
-
 }  // namespace esphome::ds1603l

esphome/components/ds1603l/ds1603l.h

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/components/uart/uart.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/frame_reader.h"
 
 namespace esphome::ds1603l {
 
@@ -18,13 +19,10 @@ class DS1603L final : public sensor::Sensor, public Component, public uart::UART
   static constexpr uint8_t HEADER_BYTE = 0xFF;
   static constexpr size_t FRAME_SIZE = 4;
 
-  // Validates the checksum of the frame in rx_buffer_ and publishes it. Returns false if the frame is invalid.
-  bool parse_data_();
-  // Drops the first buffered byte and realigns the buffer on the next possible header byte.
-  void resync_();
+  // Validates the checksum of the frame and publishes it. Returns false if the frame is invalid.
+  bool parse_data_(const uint8_t *frame);
 
-  uint8_t rx_buffer_[FRAME_SIZE];  // Buffer for the frame being assembled
-  size_t rx_count_{0};             // Number of bytes currently in rx_buffer_
+  FrameReader<FRAME_SIZE, HEADER_BYTE> reader_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ds1603l

esphome/components/espectre/button/__init__.py

@@ -1,20 +1,18 @@
-import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import button
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-from .. import CONF_ESPECTRE_ID, ESPectreComponent, espectre_ns
+from .. import CONF_ESPECTRE_ID, ESPectreComponent
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["espectre"]
 
-RecalibrateButton = espectre_ns.class_("RecalibrateButton", button.Button)
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = button.button_schema(
-    RecalibrateButton, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+    button.ApplyButton, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
 ).extend({cv.GenerateID(CONF_ESPECTRE_ID): cv.use_id(ESPectreComponent)})
 
 
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
-    var = await button.new_button(config)
-    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ESPECTRE_ID])
+    buttons = button.sub_buttons(config, parent=config[CONF_ESPECTRE_ID])
+    await buttons.create(config, None, apply="recalibrate()")

esphome/components/espectre/button/espectre_button.h

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
-
-#ifdef USE_ESPECTRE
-
-#include "esphome/components/button/button.h"
-#include "../espectre.h"
-
-namespace esphome::espectre {
-
-class RecalibrateButton final : public button::Button, public Parented<ESPectreComponent> {
- protected:
-  void press_action() override { this->parent_->recalibrate(); }
-};
-
-}  // namespace esphome::espectre
-
-#endif  // USE_ESPECTRE

esphome/components/event/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import mqtt, web_server
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_DEVICE_CLASS,
@@ -10,15 +9,15 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_MQTT_ID,
     CONF_ON_EVENT,
-    CONF_WEB_SERVER,
     DEVICE_CLASS_BUTTON,
     DEVICE_CLASS_DOORBELL,
     DEVICE_CLASS_EMPTY,
     DEVICE_CLASS_MOTION,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority, entity_helpers
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
     entity_duplicate_validator,
+    mqtt_component_class,
     queue_entity_register,
     setup_device_class,
     setup_entity,
@@ -44,11 +43,13 @@ EventPtr = Event.operator("ptr")
 validate_device_class = cv.one_of(*DEVICE_CLASSES, lower=True, space="_")
 
 _EVENT_SCHEMA = (
-    cv.ENTITY_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(web_server.WEBSERVER_SORTING_SCHEMA)
+    cv.ENTITY_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(entity_helpers.WEBSERVER_SORTING_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.MQTT_COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
     .extend(
         {
-            cv.OnlyWith(CONF_MQTT_ID, "mqtt"): cv.declare_id(mqtt.MQTTEventComponent),
+            cv.OnlyWith(CONF_MQTT_ID, "mqtt"): cv.declare_id(
+                mqtt_component_class("MQTTEventComponent")
+            ),
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(Event),
             cv.Optional(
                 CONF_DEVICE_CLASS, visibility=cv.Visibility.ADVANCED
@@ -104,12 +105,7 @@ async def setup_event_core_(
 
     setup_device_class(config)
 
-    if mqtt_id := config.get(CONF_MQTT_ID):
-        mqtt_ = cg.new_Pvariable(mqtt_id, var)
-        await mqtt.register_mqtt_component(mqtt_, config)
-
-    if web_server_config := config.get(CONF_WEB_SERVER):
-        await web_server.add_entity_config(var, web_server_config)
+    await entity_helpers.setup_entity_integrations(var, config)
 
 
 async def register_event(

esphome/components/ezo_pmp/ezo_pmp.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "ezo_pmp.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/progmem.h"
 
 namespace esphome::ezo_pmp {
 
@@ -31,11 +32,24 @@ static const uint16_t EZO_PMP_COMMAND_READ_ABSOLUTE_TOTAL_VOLUME_DOSED = 65;
 static const uint16_t EZO_PMP_COMMAND_READ_CALIBRATION_STATUS = 129;
 static const uint16_t EZO_PMP_COMMAND_READ_PUMP_VOLTAGE = 257;
 
-static const std::string DOSING_MODE_NONE = "None";
-static const std::string DOSING_MODE_VOLUME = "Volume";
-static const std::string DOSING_MODE_VOLUME_OVER_TIME = "Volume/Time";
-static const std::string DOSING_MODE_CONSTANT_FLOW_RATE = "Constant Flow Rate";
-static const std::string DOSING_MODE_CONTINUOUS = "Continuous";
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+enum DosingMode : uint8_t {
+  DOSING_MODE_NONE,
+  DOSING_MODE_VOLUME,
+  DOSING_MODE_VOLUME_OVER_TIME,
+  DOSING_MODE_CONSTANT_FLOW_RATE,
+  DOSING_MODE_CONTINUOUS,
+};
+PROGMEM_STRING_TABLE(DosingModeStrings, "None", "Volume", "Volume/Time", "Constant Flow Rate", "Continuous");
+
+static void publish_dosing_mode(text_sensor::TextSensor *sensor, DosingMode mode) {
+  if (sensor == nullptr)
+    return;
+  const ProgmemStr name = DosingModeStrings::get_progmem_str(mode, DOSING_MODE_NONE);
+  if (ESPHOME_strcmp_P(sensor->state.c_str(), reinterpret_cast<ESPHOME_PGM_P>(name)) != 0)
+    sensor->publish_state(name);
+}
+#endif
 
 void EzoPMP::dump_config() {
   LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this);
@@ -212,8 +226,7 @@ void EzoPMP::read_command_result_() {
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
       if (!this->is_dosing_flag_ && !this->is_paused_flag_) {
         // If pump is not paused and not dispensing
-        if (this->dosing_mode_ && this->dosing_mode_->state != DOSING_MODE_NONE)
-          this->dosing_mode_->publish_state(DOSING_MODE_NONE);
+        publish_dosing_mode(this->dosing_mode_, DOSING_MODE_NONE);
       }
 #endif
 
@@ -285,29 +298,25 @@ void EzoPMP::read_command_result_() {
 
     case EZO_PMP_COMMAND_DOSE_VOLUME:  // Volume Dispensing (page 55)
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
-      if (this->dosing_mode_ && this->dosing_mode_->state != DOSING_MODE_VOLUME)
-        this->dosing_mode_->publish_state(DOSING_MODE_VOLUME);
+      publish_dosing_mode(this->dosing_mode_, DOSING_MODE_VOLUME);
 #endif
       break;
 
     case EZO_PMP_COMMAND_DOSE_VOLUME_OVER_TIME:  // Dose over time (page 56)
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
-      if (this->dosing_mode_ && this->dosing_mode_->state != DOSING_MODE_VOLUME_OVER_TIME)
-        this->dosing_mode_->publish_state(DOSING_MODE_VOLUME_OVER_TIME);
+      publish_dosing_mode(this->dosing_mode_, DOSING_MODE_VOLUME_OVER_TIME);
 #endif
       break;
 
     case EZO_PMP_COMMAND_DOSE_WITH_CONSTANT_FLOW_RATE:  // Constant Flow Rate (page 57)
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
-      if (this->dosing_mode_ && this->dosing_mode_->state != DOSING_MODE_CONSTANT_FLOW_RATE)
-        this->dosing_mode_->publish_state(DOSING_MODE_CONSTANT_FLOW_RATE);
+      publish_dosing_mode(this->dosing_mode_, DOSING_MODE_CONSTANT_FLOW_RATE);
 #endif
       break;
 
     case EZO_PMP_COMMAND_DOSE_CONTINUOUSLY:  // Continuous Dispensing (page 54)
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
-      if (this->dosing_mode_ && this->dosing_mode_->state != DOSING_MODE_CONTINUOUS)
-        this->dosing_mode_->publish_state(DOSING_MODE_CONTINUOUS);
+      publish_dosing_mode(this->dosing_mode_, DOSING_MODE_CONTINUOUS);
 #endif
       break;
 
@@ -318,8 +327,7 @@ void EzoPMP::read_command_result_() {
         this->is_paused_->publish_state(this->is_paused_flag_);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
-      if (this->dosing_mode_ && this->dosing_mode_->state != DOSING_MODE_NONE)
-        this->dosing_mode_->publish_state(DOSING_MODE_NONE);
+      publish_dosing_mode(this->dosing_mode_, DOSING_MODE_NONE);
 #endif
       break;
 

esphome/components/fan/__init__.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 from esphome import automation
 from esphome.automation import maybe_simple_id
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import mqtt, web_server
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_DIRECTION,
@@ -29,11 +28,11 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_SPEED_LEVEL_STATE_TOPIC,
     CONF_SPEED_STATE_TOPIC,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
-    CONF_WEB_SERVER,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority, entity_helpers
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
     entity_duplicate_validator,
+    mqtt_component_class,
     queue_entity_register,
     setup_entity,
 )
@@ -78,14 +77,16 @@ FanPresetSetTrigger = fan_ns.class_(
 )
 
 _FAN_SCHEMA = (
-    cv.ENTITY_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(web_server.WEBSERVER_SORTING_SCHEMA)
+    cv.ENTITY_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(entity_helpers.WEBSERVER_SORTING_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.MQTT_COMMAND_COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
     .extend(
         {
             cv.Optional(CONF_RESTORE_MODE, default="ALWAYS_OFF"): cv.enum(
                 RESTORE_MODES, upper=True, space="_"
             ),
-            cv.OnlyWith(CONF_MQTT_ID, "mqtt"): cv.declare_id(mqtt.MQTTFanComponent),
+            cv.OnlyWith(CONF_MQTT_ID, "mqtt"): cv.declare_id(
+                mqtt_component_class("MQTTFanComponent")
+            ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_DIRECTION_STATE_TOPIC): cv.All(
                 cv.requires_component("mqtt"), cv.publish_topic
             ),
@@ -240,10 +241,8 @@ _TRIGGER_AUTOMATIONS = (
 async def setup_fan_core_(var, config):
     cg.add(var.set_restore_mode(config[CONF_RESTORE_MODE]))
 
-    if (mqtt_id := config.get(CONF_MQTT_ID)) is not None:
-        mqtt_ = cg.new_Pvariable(mqtt_id, var)
-        await mqtt.register_mqtt_component(mqtt_, config)
-
+    mqtt_ = await entity_helpers.setup_entity_integrations(var, config)
+    if mqtt_ is not None:
         if (
             direction_state_topic := config.get(CONF_DIRECTION_STATE_TOPIC)
         ) is not None:
@@ -277,9 +276,6 @@ async def setup_fan_core_(var, config):
         if (speed_command_topic := config.get(CONF_SPEED_COMMAND_TOPIC)) is not None:
             cg.add(mqtt_.set_custom_speed_command_topic(speed_command_topic))
 
-    if web_server_config := config.get(CONF_WEB_SERVER):
-        await web_server.add_entity_config(var, web_server_config)
-
     for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_STATE, []):
         await automation.build_parent_callback_automation(
             var, "add_on_state_callback", (Fan.operator("ptr"), "x"), conf

esphome/components/haier/button/__init__.py

@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import button
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-from ..climate import CONF_HAIER_ID, HonClimate, haier_ns
+from ..climate import CONF_HAIER_ID, HonClimate
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@paveldn"]
-SelfCleaningButton = haier_ns.class_("SelfCleaningButton", button.Button)
-SteriCleaningButton = haier_ns.class_("SteriCleaningButton", button.Button)
 
 
 # Haier buttons
@@ -20,19 +18,18 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
         cv.GenerateID(CONF_HAIER_ID): cv.use_id(HonClimate),
         cv.Optional(CONF_SELF_CLEANING): button.button_schema(
-            SelfCleaningButton,
+            button.ApplyButton,
             icon=ICON_SPRAY_BOTTLE,
         ),
         cv.Optional(CONF_STERI_CLEANING): button.button_schema(
-            SteriCleaningButton,
+            button.ApplyButton,
             icon=ICON_SPRAY_BOTTLE,
         ),
     }
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
-    for button_type in [CONF_SELF_CLEANING, CONF_STERI_CLEANING]:
-        if conf := config.get(button_type):
-            btn = await button.new_button(conf)
-            await cg.register_parented(btn, config[CONF_HAIER_ID])
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    buttons = button.sub_buttons(config, parent=config[CONF_HAIER_ID])
+    await buttons(CONF_SELF_CLEANING, None, apply="start_self_cleaning()")
+    await buttons(CONF_STERI_CLEANING, None, apply="start_steri_cleaning()")

esphome/components/haier/button/self_cleaning.cpp

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-#include "self_cleaning.h"
-
-namespace esphome::haier {
-
-void SelfCleaningButton::press_action() { this->parent_->start_self_cleaning(); }
-
-}  // namespace esphome::haier

esphome/components/haier/button/self_cleaning.h

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "esphome/components/button/button.h"
-#include "../hon_climate.h"
-
-namespace esphome::haier {
-
-class SelfCleaningButton final : public button::Button, public Parented<HonClimate> {
- public:
-  SelfCleaningButton() = default;
-
- protected:
-  void press_action() override;
-};
-
-}  // namespace esphome::haier

esphome/components/haier/button/steri_cleaning.cpp

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-#include "steri_cleaning.h"
-
-namespace esphome::haier {
-
-void SteriCleaningButton::press_action() { this->parent_->start_steri_cleaning(); }
-
-}  // namespace esphome::haier

esphome/components/haier/button/steri_cleaning.h

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "esphome/components/button/button.h"
-#include "../hon_climate.h"
-
-namespace esphome::haier {
-
-class SteriCleaningButton final : public button::Button, public Parented<HonClimate> {
- public:
-  SteriCleaningButton() = default;
-
- protected:
-  void press_action() override;
-};
-
-}  // namespace esphome::haier

esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/button/__init__.py

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
-import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import button
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import ICON_AIR_FILTER
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-from .. import CONF_HOERMANN_HCP_ID, HoermannHcp, hoermann_hcp_ns
+from .. import CONF_HOERMANN_HCP_ID, HoermannHcp
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["hoermann_hcp"]
 
@@ -13,10 +12,6 @@ CONF_VENT = "vent"
 
 ICON_GARAGE_OPEN_VARIANT = "mdi:garage-open-variant"
 
-HoermannHcpVentButton = hoermann_hcp_ns.class_("HoermannHcpVentButton", button.Button)
-HoermannHcpHalfOpenButton = hoermann_hcp_ns.class_(
-    "HoermannHcpHalfOpenButton", button.Button
-)
 
 BUTTON_KEYS = (CONF_VENT, CONF_HALF_OPEN)
 
@@ -25,10 +20,10 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(CONF_HOERMANN_HCP_ID): cv.use_id(HoermannHcp),
             cv.Optional(CONF_VENT): button.button_schema(
-                HoermannHcpVentButton, icon=ICON_AIR_FILTER
+                button.ApplyButton, icon=ICON_AIR_FILTER
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_HALF_OPEN): button.button_schema(
-                HoermannHcpHalfOpenButton, icon=ICON_GARAGE_OPEN_VARIANT
+                button.ApplyButton, icon=ICON_GARAGE_OPEN_VARIANT
             ),
         }
     ),
@@ -37,7 +32,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
-    parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_HOERMANN_HCP_ID])
-    for key in BUTTON_KEYS:
-        if (conf := config.get(key)) is not None:
-            await button.new_button(conf, parent)
+    buttons = button.sub_buttons(config, parent=config[CONF_HOERMANN_HCP_ID])
+    await buttons(CONF_VENT, None, apply="vent_door()")
+    await buttons(CONF_HALF_OPEN, None, apply="half_open_door()")

esphome/components/hoermann_hcp/button/hoermann_hcp_button.h

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "esphome/components/button/button.h"
-#include "../hoermann_hcp.h"
-
-namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp {
-
-// The door commands the cover has no equivalent for. A refused command is already reported by the hub and
-// leaves nothing to correct here, because a button carries no state of its own.
-class HoermannHcpButton : public button::Button {
- public:
-  explicit HoermannHcpButton(HoermannHcp *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
-
- protected:
-  HoermannHcp *const parent_;
-};
-
-class HoermannHcpVentButton final : public HoermannHcpButton {
- public:
-  using HoermannHcpButton::HoermannHcpButton;
-
- protected:
-  void press_action() override { this->parent_->vent_door(); }
-};
-
-class HoermannHcpHalfOpenButton final : public HoermannHcpButton {
- public:
-  using HoermannHcpButton::HoermannHcpButton;
-
- protected:
-  void press_action() override { this->parent_->half_open_door(); }
-};
-
-}  // namespace esphome::hoermann_hcp

esphome/components/i2c/__init__.py

@@ -41,11 +41,13 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_FREQUENCY,
     CONF_I2C_ID,
     CONF_ID,
+    CONF_INVERTED,
     CONF_LOW_POWER_MODE,
     CONF_SCAN,
     CONF_SCL,
     CONF_SDA,
     CONF_TIMEOUT,
+    PLATFORM_BK72XX,
     PLATFORM_ESP32,
     PLATFORM_ESP8266,
     PLATFORM_HOST,
@@ -68,6 +70,7 @@ ArduinoI2CBus = i2c_ns.class_("ArduinoI2CBus", InternalI2CBus, cg.Component)
 IDFI2CBus = i2c_ns.class_("IDFI2CBus", InternalI2CBus, cg.Component)
 ZephyrI2CBus = i2c_ns.class_("ZephyrI2CBus", I2CBus, cg.Component)
 HostI2CBus = i2c_ns.class_("HostI2CBus", I2CBus, cg.Component)
+SoftwareI2CBus = i2c_ns.class_("SoftwareI2CBus", I2CBus, cg.Component)
 I2CDevice = i2c_ns.class_("I2CDevice")
 
 ESP32_I2C_CAPABILITIES = {
@@ -108,6 +111,8 @@ def validate_device(value: str) -> str:
 def _bus_declare_type(value: Any) -> ID:
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         return cv.declare_id(IDFI2CBus)(value)
+    if CORE.is_libretiny:
+        return cv.declare_id(SoftwareI2CBus)(value)
     if CORE.using_arduino:
         return cv.declare_id(ArduinoI2CBus)(value)
     if CORE.using_zephyr:
@@ -128,7 +133,28 @@ def _rp2040_i2c_controller(pin: int) -> int:
     return (pin // 2) % 2
 
 
+def _i2c_pin_number(value: Any) -> Any:
+    # The software bus on LibreTiny drives the pins through the GPIO pin objects and
+    # switches them between input with pull-up and output at runtime.
+    if CORE.is_libretiny:
+        return pins.internal_gpio_input_pullup_pin_schema(value)
+    return pins.internal_gpio_pin_number(value)
+
+
 def validate_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    if CORE.is_libretiny:
+        if int(config[CONF_FREQUENCY]) < 1:
+            raise cv.Invalid("The frequency must be at least 1Hz", [CONF_FREQUENCY])
+        # no default pins on LibreTiny, the bus is bit-banged on any two GPIOs
+        for key in (CONF_SDA, CONF_SCL):
+            if key not in config:
+                raise cv.Invalid(f"'{key}' is required on this platform", [key])
+            if config[key].get(CONF_INVERTED):
+                # the software bus pulls a line low by writing a low level to the pin
+                raise cv.Invalid(
+                    f"'{CONF_INVERTED}' is not supported on the I2C pins",
+                    [key, CONF_INVERTED],
+                )
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         return cv.require_framework_version(
             esp_idf=cv.Version(5, 4, 2), esp32_arduino=cv.Version(3, 2, 1)
@@ -181,7 +207,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 esp8266="SDA",
                 rp2="SDA",
                 nrf52="SDA",
-            ): pins.internal_gpio_pin_number,
+            ): _i2c_pin_number,
             cv.SplitDefault(CONF_SDA_PULLUP_ENABLED, esp32=True): cv.All(
                 cv.only_on_esp32, cv.boolean
             ),
@@ -191,7 +217,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 esp8266="SCL",
                 rp2="SCL",
                 nrf52="SCL",
-            ): pins.internal_gpio_pin_number,
+            ): _i2c_pin_number,
             cv.SplitDefault(CONF_SCL_PULLUP_ENABLED, esp32=True): cv.All(
                 cv.only_on_esp32, cv.boolean
             ),
@@ -202,6 +228,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 rp2="50kHz",
                 nrf52="100kHz",
                 host="50kHz",
+                bk72xx="100kHz",
             ): cv.All(
                 cv.frequency,
                 cv.float_range(min=0, min_included=False),
@@ -225,6 +252,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
     cv.only_on(
         [
+            PLATFORM_BK72XX,
             PLATFORM_ESP32,
             PLATFORM_ESP8266,
             PLATFORM_RP2,
@@ -343,6 +371,16 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
             cg.add(var.set_timeout(int(config[CONF_TIMEOUT].total_microseconds)))
         if CONF_LOW_POWER_MODE in config:
             cg.add(var.set_lp_mode(bool(config[CONF_LOW_POWER_MODE])))
+    elif CORE.is_libretiny:
+        var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+        await cg.register_component(var, config)
+
+        cg.add(var.set_sda_pin(await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_SDA])))
+        cg.add(var.set_scl_pin(await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_SCL])))
+        cg.add(var.set_frequency(int(config[CONF_FREQUENCY])))
+        cg.add(var.set_scan(config[CONF_SCAN]))
+        if CONF_TIMEOUT in config:
+            cg.add(var.set_timeout(int(config[CONF_TIMEOUT].total_microseconds)))
     else:
         var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
         await cg.register_component(var, config)
@@ -462,7 +500,6 @@ _platform_filter = filter_source_files_from_platform(
         "i2c_bus_arduino.cpp": {
             PlatformFramework.ESP8266_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.RP2_ARDUINO,
-            PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.RTL87XX_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.LN882X_ARDUINO,
         },
@@ -470,6 +507,7 @@ _platform_filter = filter_source_files_from_platform(
             PlatformFramework.ESP32_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
         },
+        "i2c_bus_software.cpp": {PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO},
         "i2c_bus_zephyr.cpp": {PlatformFramework.NRF52_ZEPHYR},
         "i2c_bus_host.cpp": {PlatformFramework.HOST_NATIVE},
     }

esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_software.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+#ifdef USE_LIBRETINY
+
+#include "i2c_bus_software.h"
+#include <cinttypes>
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::i2c {
+
+ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "i2c.software");
+
+// Maximum bytes to log in hex format (truncates larger transfers)
+static constexpr size_t I2C_MAX_LOG_BYTES = 32;
+// Clock pulses used to free a device that is holding SDA low
+static constexpr uint8_t RECOVERY_CLOCK_PULSES = 9;
+
+// A line is released by switching the pin to input with pull-up and pulled low by driving it as output.
+static inline void release_line(InternalGPIOPin *pin) { pin->pin_mode(gpio::FLAG_INPUT | gpio::FLAG_PULLUP); }
+static inline void pull_line_low(InternalGPIOPin *pin) {
+  pin->digital_write(false);
+  pin->pin_mode(gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT);
+}
+
+void SoftwareI2CBus::setup() {
+  this->update_half_period_();
+  this->sda_pin_->setup();
+  this->scl_pin_->setup();
+  release_line(this->sda_pin_);
+  release_line(this->scl_pin_);
+  if (!this->recover_()) {
+    // A line that stays low would be read as an ACK for every address and as zero data
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "SDA or SCL is held low, the bus cannot be used");
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->initialized_ = true;
+  if (this->scan_) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Scanning bus for active devices");
+    this->i2c_scan_();
+  }
+}
+
+void SoftwareI2CBus::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "I2C Bus (software):");
+  LOG_PIN("  SDA Pin: ", this->sda_pin_);
+  LOG_PIN("  SCL Pin: ", this->scl_pin_);
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "  Frequency: %" PRIu32 " Hz\n"
+                "  Clock stretch timeout: %" PRIu32 " us",
+                this->frequency_, this->timeout_);
+  if (this->recovered_) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Recovery: bus successfully recovered");
+  }
+  if (this->scan_) {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Results from bus scan:");
+    if (this->scan_results_.empty()) {
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Found no devices");
+    } else {
+      for (const auto &s : this->scan_results_) {
+        if (s.second) {
+          ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Found device at address 0x%02X", s.first);
+        } else {
+          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unknown error at address 0x%02X", s.first);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Half of one clock period in microseconds, rounded up. The frequency is validated to be non-zero.
+void SoftwareI2CBus::update_half_period_() {
+  this->half_period_us_ = (500000 + this->frequency_ - 1) / this->frequency_;
+}
+
+#ifdef I2C_PORT_FREQUENCY_COUNT
+ErrorCode SoftwareI2CBus::switch_frequency(uint32_t frequency) {
+  if (frequency == 0)
+    return ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  this->frequency_ = frequency;
+  this->update_half_period_();
+  return ERROR_OK;
+}
+#endif
+
+bool SoftwareI2CBus::recover_() {
+  this->timed_out_ = false;
+  // A device may still be stretching the clock, give SCL the configured time to rise before looking at SDA
+  this->release_scl_();
+  // A device that was interrupted in the middle of a transfer can hold SDA low; clock it out.
+  bool clocked = false;
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < RECOVERY_CLOCK_PULSES && !this->sda_pin_->digital_read(); i++) {
+    pull_line_low(this->scl_pin_);
+    delayMicroseconds(this->half_period_us_);
+    // wait for the rising edge, the device may stretch the clock
+    if (!this->release_scl_())
+      break;
+    delayMicroseconds(this->half_period_us_);
+    clocked = true;
+  }
+  bool ok = this->sda_pin_->digital_read() && this->scl_pin_->digital_read();
+  if (ok && clocked) {
+    // end the interrupted transfer with a STOP so every device returns to idle
+    this->recovered_ = true;
+    pull_line_low(this->sda_pin_);
+    delayMicroseconds(this->half_period_us_);
+    release_line(this->scl_pin_);
+    delayMicroseconds(this->half_period_us_);
+    release_line(this->sda_pin_);
+  }
+  if (!ok) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Bus recovery failed, a line is held low");
+  }
+  this->timed_out_ = false;
+  return ok;
+}
+
+// Release SCL and wait for it to go high, a device may stretch the clock.
+bool SoftwareI2CBus::release_scl_() {
+  release_line(this->scl_pin_);
+  uint32_t start = micros();
+  while (!this->scl_pin_->digital_read()) {
+    if (micros() - start > this->timeout_) {
+      this->timed_out_ = true;
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void SoftwareI2CBus::start_() {
+  // Also generates a repeated start when SCL is low and SDA is released
+  release_line(this->sda_pin_);
+  // After a byte the device may still hold SDA low for its ACK. Without SDA being high before SCL rises there is
+  // no falling edge, so the (repeated) start would not be seen. Wait until the device lets go.
+  uint32_t start = micros();
+  while (!this->sda_pin_->digital_read()) {
+    if (micros() - start > this->timeout_) {
+      this->timed_out_ = true;
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  delayMicroseconds(this->half_period_us_);
+  this->release_scl_();
+  delayMicroseconds(this->half_period_us_);
+  pull_line_low(this->sda_pin_);
+  delayMicroseconds(this->half_period_us_);
+  pull_line_low(this->scl_pin_);
+}
+
+void SoftwareI2CBus::stop_() {
+  if (this->timed_out_) {
+    // SCL is stuck low, a STOP cannot be generated; just release both lines
+    release_line(this->scl_pin_);
+    release_line(this->sda_pin_);
+    return;
+  }
+  pull_line_low(this->sda_pin_);
+  delayMicroseconds(this->half_period_us_);
+  this->release_scl_();
+  delayMicroseconds(this->half_period_us_);
+  release_line(this->sda_pin_);
+  delayMicroseconds(this->half_period_us_);
+}
+
+/// Shift out one byte, returns true if the device acknowledged it.
+bool SoftwareI2CBus::write_byte_(uint8_t data) {
+  for (uint8_t mask = 0x80; mask != 0 && !this->timed_out_; mask >>= 1) {
+    if (data & mask) {
+      release_line(this->sda_pin_);
+    } else {
+      pull_line_low(this->sda_pin_);
+    }
+    delayMicroseconds(this->half_period_us_);
+    this->release_scl_();
+    delayMicroseconds(this->half_period_us_);
+    pull_line_low(this->scl_pin_);
+  }
+  if (this->timed_out_)
+    return false;
+  release_line(this->sda_pin_);
+  delayMicroseconds(this->half_period_us_);
+  if (!this->release_scl_())
+    return false;
+  delayMicroseconds(this->half_period_us_);
+  bool ack = !this->sda_pin_->digital_read();
+  pull_line_low(this->scl_pin_);
+  return ack;
+}
+
+uint8_t SoftwareI2CBus::read_byte_(bool ack) {
+  uint8_t data = 0;
+  release_line(this->sda_pin_);
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8 && !this->timed_out_; i++) {
+    delayMicroseconds(this->half_period_us_);
+    this->release_scl_();
+    delayMicroseconds(this->half_period_us_);
+    data = (data << 1) | (this->sda_pin_->digital_read() ? 1 : 0);
+    pull_line_low(this->scl_pin_);
+  }
+  if (this->timed_out_)
+    return data;
+  if (ack) {
+    pull_line_low(this->sda_pin_);
+  }
+  delayMicroseconds(this->half_period_us_);
+  this->release_scl_();
+  delayMicroseconds(this->half_period_us_);
+  pull_line_low(this->scl_pin_);
+  release_line(this->sda_pin_);
+  return data;
+}
+
+ErrorCode SoftwareI2CBus::write_readv(uint8_t address, const uint8_t *write_buffer, size_t write_count,
+                                      uint8_t *read_buffer, size_t read_count) {
+  if (!this->initialized_) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "i2c bus not initialized!");
+    return ERROR_NOT_INITIALIZED;
+  }
+  // After a failed recovery the bus stays blocked until a later attempt frees both lines
+  if (this->bus_stuck_ && !this->recover_()) {
+    return ERROR_TIMEOUT;
+  }
+  this->bus_stuck_ = false;
+
+  ESP_LOGV_HEX(TAG, write_buffer, write_count, I2C_MAX_LOG_BYTES, "0x%02X TX %s", address);
+
+  this->timed_out_ = false;
+  ErrorCode err = ERROR_OK;
+  this->start_();
+  // An empty transfer only addresses the device (used by the bus scan)
+  if (write_count != 0 || read_count == 0) {
+    if (!this->write_byte_(address << 1)) {
+      err = ERROR_NOT_ACKNOWLEDGED;
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; err == ERROR_OK && i < write_count; i++) {
+      if (!this->write_byte_(write_buffer[i])) {
+        ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "TX of byte %u to 0x%02X not acknowledged", (unsigned) i, address);
+        err = ERROR_NOT_ACKNOWLEDGED;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (err == ERROR_OK && read_count != 0) {
+    if (write_count != 0) {
+      this->start_();  // repeated start
+    }
+    if (!this->write_byte_((address << 1) | 1)) {
+      err = ERROR_NOT_ACKNOWLEDGED;
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; err == ERROR_OK && !this->timed_out_ && i < read_count; i++) {
+      read_buffer[i] = this->read_byte_(i + 1 != read_count);
+    }
+  }
+  this->stop_();
+
+  if (this->timed_out_) {
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Bus line held low during transfer to 0x%02X for more than %" PRIu32 " us", address, this->timeout_);
+    this->bus_stuck_ = !this->recover_();
+    return ERROR_TIMEOUT;
+  }
+  return err;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::i2c
+
+#endif  // USE_LIBRETINY

esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_software.h

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef USE_LIBRETINY
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/gpio.h"
+#include "i2c_bus.h"
+
+namespace esphome::i2c {
+
+/// Bit-banged I2C controller for LibreTiny chips without an Arduino Wire implementation (BK72xx).
+/// SDA and SCL can be any two GPIO pins; both lines are driven open-drain style (pulled low or released),
+/// so the bus needs pull-ups (the internal pull-up is enabled while released).
+class SoftwareI2CBus final : public I2CBus, public Component {
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  ErrorCode write_readv(uint8_t address, const uint8_t *write_buffer, size_t write_count, uint8_t *read_buffer,
+                        size_t read_count) override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::BUS; }
+
+  void set_scan(bool scan) { this->scan_ = scan; }
+  void set_sda_pin(InternalGPIOPin *sda_pin) { this->sda_pin_ = sda_pin; }
+  void set_scl_pin(InternalGPIOPin *scl_pin) { this->scl_pin_ = scl_pin; }
+  void set_frequency(uint32_t frequency) { this->frequency_ = frequency; }
+#ifdef I2C_PORT_FREQUENCY_COUNT
+  ErrorCode switch_frequency(uint32_t frequency) override;
+  uint32_t get_frequency() const override { return this->frequency_; }
+#endif
+  /// Maximum time in microseconds a device may hold SCL low (clock stretching).
+  void set_timeout(uint32_t timeout) { this->timeout_ = timeout; }
+
+ protected:
+  bool recover_();
+  void update_half_period_();
+  void start_();
+  void stop_();
+  bool release_scl_();
+  bool write_byte_(uint8_t data);
+  uint8_t read_byte_(bool ack);
+
+  InternalGPIOPin *sda_pin_{nullptr};
+  InternalGPIOPin *scl_pin_{nullptr};
+  uint32_t frequency_{100000};
+  uint32_t timeout_{1000};
+  uint32_t half_period_us_{5};
+  bool timed_out_{false};
+  bool recovered_{false};
+  bool initialized_{false};
+  bool bus_stuck_{false};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::i2c
+
+#endif  // USE_LIBRETINY

esphome/components/ld2410/button/__init__.py

@@ -5,26 +5,26 @@ import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_FACTORY_RESET, CONF_ID, CONF_RESTART
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-from .. import CONF_LD2410_ID, LD2410Component, ld2410_ns
-
-FactoryResetButton = ld2410_ns.class_("FactoryResetButton", button.Button)
-QueryButton = ld2410_ns.class_("QueryButton", button.Button)
-RestartButton = ld2410_ns.class_("RestartButton", button.Button)
+from .. import CONF_LD2410_ID, LD2410Component
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
     cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(cg.EntityBase),
     cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD2410_ID): cv.use_id(LD2410Component),
     cv.Optional(CONF_FACTORY_RESET): button.factory_reset_button_schema(
-        FactoryResetButton
+        button.ApplyButton
     ),
-    cv.Optional(CONF_RESTART): button.restart_button_schema(RestartButton),
-    cv.Optional(CONF_QUERY_PARAMS): button.query_button_schema(QueryButton),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_RESTART): button.restart_button_schema(button.ApplyButton),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_QUERY_PARAMS): button.query_button_schema(button.ApplyButton),
 }
 
 
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2410_ID])
     buttons = button.sub_buttons(config, parent=hub)
-    await buttons(CONF_FACTORY_RESET, hub.set_factory_reset_button)
-    await buttons(CONF_RESTART, hub.set_restart_button)
-    await buttons(CONF_QUERY_PARAMS, hub.set_query_button)
+    await buttons(
+        CONF_FACTORY_RESET, hub.set_factory_reset_button, apply="factory_reset()"
+    )
+    await buttons(
+        CONF_RESTART, hub.set_restart_button, apply="restart_and_read_all_info()"
+    )
+    await buttons(CONF_QUERY_PARAMS, hub.set_query_button, apply="read_all_info()")

esphome/components/ld2410/button/factory_reset_button.cpp

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-#include "factory_reset_button.h"
-
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
-
-void FactoryResetButton::press_action() { this->parent_->factory_reset(); }
-
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410

esphome/components/ld2410/button/factory_reset_button.h

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "esphome/components/button/button.h"
-#include "../ld2410.h"
-
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
-
-class FactoryResetButton final : public button::Button, public Parented<LD2410Component> {
- public:
-  FactoryResetButton() = default;
-
- protected:
-  void press_action() override;
-};
-
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410

esphome/components/ld2410/button/query_button.cpp

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-#include "query_button.h"
-
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
-
-void QueryButton::press_action() { this->parent_->read_all_info(); }
-
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410

esphome/components/ld2410/button/query_button.h

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "esphome/components/button/button.h"
-#include "../ld2410.h"
-
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
-
-class QueryButton final : public button::Button, public Parented<LD2410Component> {
- public:
-  QueryButton() = default;
-
- protected:
-  void press_action() override;
-};
-
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410

esphome/components/ld2410/button/restart_button.cpp

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-#include "restart_button.h"
-
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
-
-void RestartButton::press_action() { this->parent_->restart_and_read_all_info(); }
-
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410

esphome/components/ld2410/button/restart_button.h

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "esphome/components/button/button.h"
-#include "../ld2410.h"
-
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
-
-class RestartButton final : public button::Button, public Parented<LD2410Component> {
- public:
-  RestartButton() = default;
-
- protected:
-  void press_action() override;
-};
-
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410

esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp

@@ -9,27 +9,12 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/progmem.h"
 
 namespace esphome::ld2410 {
 
 ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "ld2410");
 
-enum BaudRate : uint8_t {
-  BAUD_RATE_9600 = 1,
-  BAUD_RATE_19200 = 2,
-  BAUD_RATE_38400 = 3,
-  BAUD_RATE_57600 = 4,
-  BAUD_RATE_115200 = 5,
-  BAUD_RATE_230400 = 6,
-  BAUD_RATE_256000 = 7,
-  BAUD_RATE_460800 = 8,
-};
-
-enum DistanceResolution : uint8_t {
-  DISTANCE_RESOLUTION_0_2 = 0x01,
-  DISTANCE_RESOLUTION_0_75 = 0x00,
-};
-
 enum LightFunction : uint8_t {
   LIGHT_FUNCTION_OFF = 0x00,
   LIGHT_FUNCTION_BELOW = 0x01,
@@ -69,73 +54,17 @@ enum AckData : uint8_t {
   COMMAND_STATUS = 7,
 };
 
-// Memory-efficient lookup tables
-struct StringToUint8 {
-  const char *str;
-  const uint8_t value;
-};
+// Index + 1 is the BaudRate value; the select options use the same order
+PROGMEM_STRING_TABLE(BaudRateStrings, "9600", "19200", "38400", "57600", "115200", "230400", "256000", "460800");
+static_assert(BAUD_RATE_9600 == 1 && BAUD_RATE_460800 == BaudRateStrings::COUNT, "BaudRate is index + 1");
+// Same order as DISTANCE_RESOLUTIONS
+PROGMEM_STRING_TABLE(DistanceResolutionStrings, "0.2m", "0.75m");
+// The light function and out pin level select options are in enum order
+static_assert(LIGHT_FUNCTION_OFF == 0 && LIGHT_FUNCTION_BELOW == 1 && LIGHT_FUNCTION_ABOVE == 2,
+              "LightFunction is the select option index");
+static_assert(OUT_PIN_LEVEL_LOW == 0 && OUT_PIN_LEVEL_HIGH == 1, "OutPinLevel is the select option index");
 
-struct Uint8ToString {
-  const uint8_t value;
-  const char *str;
-};
-
-constexpr StringToUint8 BAUD_RATES_BY_STR[] = {
-    {"9600", BAUD_RATE_9600},     {"19200", BAUD_RATE_19200},   {"38400", BAUD_RATE_38400},
-    {"57600", BAUD_RATE_57600},   {"115200", BAUD_RATE_115200}, {"230400", BAUD_RATE_230400},
-    {"256000", BAUD_RATE_256000}, {"460800", BAUD_RATE_460800},
-};
-
-constexpr StringToUint8 DISTANCE_RESOLUTIONS_BY_STR[] = {
-    {"0.2m", DISTANCE_RESOLUTION_0_2},
-    {"0.75m", DISTANCE_RESOLUTION_0_75},
-};
-
-constexpr Uint8ToString DISTANCE_RESOLUTIONS_BY_UINT[] = {
-    {DISTANCE_RESOLUTION_0_2, "0.2m"},
-    {DISTANCE_RESOLUTION_0_75, "0.75m"},
-};
-
-constexpr StringToUint8 LIGHT_FUNCTIONS_BY_STR[] = {
-    {"off", LIGHT_FUNCTION_OFF},
-    {"below", LIGHT_FUNCTION_BELOW},
-    {"above", LIGHT_FUNCTION_ABOVE},
-};
-
-constexpr Uint8ToString LIGHT_FUNCTIONS_BY_UINT[] = {
-    {LIGHT_FUNCTION_OFF, "off"},
-    {LIGHT_FUNCTION_BELOW, "below"},
-    {LIGHT_FUNCTION_ABOVE, "above"},
-};
-
-constexpr StringToUint8 OUT_PIN_LEVELS_BY_STR[] = {
-    {"low", OUT_PIN_LEVEL_LOW},
-    {"high", OUT_PIN_LEVEL_HIGH},
-};
-
-constexpr Uint8ToString OUT_PIN_LEVELS_BY_UINT[] = {
-    {OUT_PIN_LEVEL_LOW, "low"},
-    {OUT_PIN_LEVEL_HIGH, "high"},
-};
-
-constexpr uint32_t BAUD_RATES[] = {9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200, 230400, 256000, 460800};
-
-// Helper functions for lookups
-template<size_t N> uint8_t find_uint8(const StringToUint8 (&arr)[N], const char *str) {
-  for (const auto &entry : arr) {
-    if (strcmp(str, entry.str) == 0)
-      return entry.value;
-  }
-  return 0xFF;  // Not found
-}
-
-template<size_t N> const char *find_str(const Uint8ToString (&arr)[N], uint8_t value) {
-  for (const auto &entry : arr) {
-    if (value == entry.value)
-      return entry.str;
-  }
-  return "";  // Not found
-}
+static constexpr uint32_t BAUD_RATES[] PROGMEM = {9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200, 230400, 256000, 460800};
 
 // Commands
 static constexpr uint8_t CMD_ENABLE_CONF = 0xFF;
@@ -272,20 +201,7 @@ void LD2410Component::restart_and_read_all_info() {
 }
 
 void LD2410Component::loop() {
-  // Read all available bytes in batches to reduce UART call overhead.
-  size_t avail = this->available();
-  uint8_t buf[MAX_LINE_LENGTH];
-  while (avail > 0) {
-    size_t to_read = std::min(avail, sizeof(buf));
-    if (!this->read_array(buf, to_read)) {
-      break;
-    }
-    avail -= to_read;
-
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < to_read; i++) {
-      this->readline_(buf[i]);
-    }
-  }
+  this->read_available<MAX_LINE_LENGTH>([this](uint8_t b) { this->readline_(b); });
 }
 
 void LD2410Component::send_command_(uint8_t command, const uint8_t *command_value, uint8_t command_value_len) {
@@ -465,11 +381,16 @@ void LD2410Component::handle_ack_data_() {
       if (this->buffer_pos_ < 11 + HEADER_FOOTER_SIZE) {
         break;  // too short to hold the resolution
       }
-      const auto *distance_resolution = find_str(DISTANCE_RESOLUTIONS_BY_UINT, this->buffer_data_[10]);
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Distance resolution: %s", distance_resolution);
+      const auto index = ld24xx::find_index(DISTANCE_RESOLUTIONS, this->buffer_data_[10]);
+      if (!index) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unknown distance resolution %u", this->buffer_data_[10]);
+        break;
+      }
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Distance resolution: %s",
+               LOG_STR_ARG(DistanceResolutionStrings::get_log_str(*index, DistanceResolutionStrings::LAST_INDEX)));
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
       if (this->distance_resolution_select_ != nullptr) {
-        this->distance_resolution_select_->publish_state(distance_resolution);
+        this->distance_resolution_select_->publish_state(*index);
       }
 #endif
       break;
@@ -482,16 +403,14 @@ void LD2410Component::handle_ack_data_() {
       this->light_function_ = this->buffer_data_[10];
       this->light_threshold_ = this->buffer_data_[11];
       this->out_pin_level_ = this->buffer_data_[12];
-      const auto *light_function_str = find_str(LIGHT_FUNCTIONS_BY_UINT, this->light_function_);
-      const auto *out_pin_level_str = find_str(OUT_PIN_LEVELS_BY_UINT, this->out_pin_level_);
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Light function: %s, threshold: %u, out pin level: %s", light_function_str, this->light_threshold_,
-               out_pin_level_str);
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Light function: %u, threshold: %u, out pin level: %u", this->light_function_,
+               this->light_threshold_, this->out_pin_level_);
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
       if (this->light_function_select_ != nullptr) {
-        this->light_function_select_->publish_state(light_function_str);
+        this->light_function_select_->publish_state(static_cast<size_t>(this->light_function_));
       }
       if (this->out_pin_level_select_ != nullptr) {
-        this->out_pin_level_select_->publish_state(out_pin_level_str);
+        this->out_pin_level_select_->publish_state(static_cast<size_t>(this->out_pin_level_));
       }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_NUMBER
@@ -628,15 +547,29 @@ void LD2410Component::set_bluetooth(bool enable) {
 }
 
 void LD2410Component::set_distance_resolution(const char *state) {
+  const int16_t index = progmem_string_table_find<DistanceResolutionStrings>(state, strlen(state));
+  if (index >= 0) {
+    this->set_distance_resolution(static_cast<DistanceResolution>(progmem_read_byte(&DISTANCE_RESOLUTIONS[index])));
+  }
+}
+
+void LD2410Component::set_distance_resolution(DistanceResolution resolution) {
   this->set_config_mode_(true);
-  const uint8_t cmd_value[2] = {find_uint8(DISTANCE_RESOLUTIONS_BY_STR, state), 0x00};
+  const uint8_t cmd_value[2] = {resolution, 0x00};
   this->send_command_(CMD_SET_DISTANCE_RESOLUTION, cmd_value, sizeof(cmd_value));
   this->set_timeout(200, [this]() { this->restart_and_read_all_info(); });
 }
 
 void LD2410Component::set_baud_rate(const char *state) {
+  const int16_t index = progmem_string_table_find<BaudRateStrings>(state, strlen(state));
+  if (index >= 0) {
+    this->set_baud_rate(static_cast<BaudRate>(index + 1));
+  }
+}
+
+void LD2410Component::set_baud_rate(BaudRate rate) {
   this->set_config_mode_(true);
-  const uint8_t cmd_value[2] = {find_uint8(BAUD_RATES_BY_STR, state), 0x00};
+  const uint8_t cmd_value[2] = {rate, 0x00};
   this->send_command_(CMD_SET_BAUD_RATE, cmd_value, sizeof(cmd_value));
   this->set_timeout(200, [this]() { this->restart_(); });
 }
@@ -715,7 +648,16 @@ void LD2410Component::set_max_distances_timeout() {
   this->set_config_mode_(false);
 }
 
-void LD2410Component::set_gate_threshold(uint8_t gate) {
+void LD2410Component::set_gate_threshold(number::Number *n) {
+  // Found by pointer: up to 18 compares per write beat storing the gate in each number
+  uint8_t gate = 0;
+  while (gate < TOTAL_GATES && this->gate_move_threshold_numbers_[gate] != n &&
+         this->gate_still_threshold_numbers_[gate] != n)
+    gate++;
+  if (gate == TOTAL_GATES) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Threshold number is not a known gate");
+    return;
+  }
   number::Number *motionsens = this->gate_move_threshold_numbers_[gate];
   number::Number *stillsens = this->gate_still_threshold_numbers_[gate];
 
@@ -759,11 +701,15 @@ void LD2410Component::set_light_out_control() {
   }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
-  if (this->light_function_select_ != nullptr && this->light_function_select_->has_state()) {
-    this->light_function_ = find_uint8(LIGHT_FUNCTIONS_BY_STR, this->light_function_select_->current_option().c_str());
+  if (this->light_function_select_ != nullptr) {
+    if (const auto index = this->light_function_select_->active_index()) {
+      this->light_function_ = *index;
+    }
   }
-  if (this->out_pin_level_select_ != nullptr && this->out_pin_level_select_->has_state()) {
-    this->out_pin_level_ = find_uint8(OUT_PIN_LEVELS_BY_STR, this->out_pin_level_select_->current_option().c_str());
+  if (this->out_pin_level_select_ != nullptr) {
+    if (const auto index = this->out_pin_level_select_->active_index()) {
+      this->out_pin_level_ = *index;
+    }
   }
 #endif
   this->set_config_mode_(true);

esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.h

@@ -37,6 +37,25 @@ using namespace ld24xx;
 static constexpr uint8_t MAX_LINE_LENGTH = 50;
 static constexpr uint8_t TOTAL_GATES = 9;  // Total number of gates supported by the LD2410
 
+enum BaudRate : uint8_t {
+  BAUD_RATE_9600 = 1,
+  BAUD_RATE_19200 = 2,
+  BAUD_RATE_38400 = 3,
+  BAUD_RATE_57600 = 4,
+  BAUD_RATE_115200 = 5,
+  BAUD_RATE_230400 = 6,
+  BAUD_RATE_256000 = 7,
+  BAUD_RATE_460800 = 8,
+};
+
+enum DistanceResolution : uint8_t {
+  DISTANCE_RESOLUTION_0_2 = 0x01,
+  DISTANCE_RESOLUTION_0_75 = 0x00,
+};
+
+// Device values of the distance resolution select options, in option order; in flash on ESP8266
+static constexpr uint8_t DISTANCE_RESOLUTIONS[] PROGMEM = {DISTANCE_RESOLUTION_0_2, DISTANCE_RESOLUTION_0_75};
+
 class LD2410Component final : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
   SUB_BINARY_SENSOR(out_pin_presence_status)
@@ -87,7 +106,7 @@ class LD2410Component final : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
   void set_gate_still_threshold_number(uint8_t gate, number::Number *n);
   void set_gate_move_threshold_number(uint8_t gate, number::Number *n);
   void set_max_distances_timeout();
-  void set_gate_threshold(uint8_t gate);
+  void set_gate_threshold(number::Number *n);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
   void set_gate_move_sensor(uint8_t gate, sensor::Sensor *s);
@@ -99,7 +118,9 @@ class LD2410Component final : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
   void restart_and_read_all_info();
   void set_bluetooth(bool enable);
   void set_distance_resolution(const char *state);
+  void set_distance_resolution(DistanceResolution resolution);
   void set_baud_rate(const char *state);
+  void set_baud_rate(BaudRate rate);
   void factory_reset();
 
  protected:

esphome/components/ld2410/number/__init__.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from functools import partial
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import number
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -18,11 +20,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-from .. import CONF_LD2410_ID, LD2410Component, ld2410_ns
-
-GateThresholdNumber = ld2410_ns.class_("GateThresholdNumber", number.Number)
-LightThresholdNumber = ld2410_ns.class_("LightThresholdNumber", number.Number)
-MaxDistanceTimeoutNumber = ld2410_ns.class_("MaxDistanceTimeoutNumber", number.Number)
+from .. import CONF_LD2410_ID, LD2410Component
 
 CONF_MAX_MOVE_DISTANCE_GATE = "max_move_distance_gate"
 CONF_MAX_STILL_DISTANCE_GATE = "max_still_distance_gate"
@@ -35,25 +33,25 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
         cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(cg.EntityBase),
         cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD2410_ID): cv.use_id(LD2410Component),
         cv.Inclusive(CONF_TIMEOUT, TIMEOUT_GROUP): number.number_schema(
-            MaxDistanceTimeoutNumber,
+            number.ApplyNumber,
             unit_of_measurement=UNIT_SECOND,
             entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
             icon=ICON_TIMELAPSE,
         ),
         cv.Inclusive(CONF_MAX_MOVE_DISTANCE_GATE, TIMEOUT_GROUP): number.number_schema(
-            MaxDistanceTimeoutNumber,
+            number.ApplyNumber,
             device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
             entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
             icon=ICON_MOTION_SENSOR,
         ),
         cv.Inclusive(CONF_MAX_STILL_DISTANCE_GATE, TIMEOUT_GROUP): number.number_schema(
-            MaxDistanceTimeoutNumber,
+            number.ApplyNumber,
             device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
             entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
             icon=ICON_MOTION_SENSOR,
         ),
         cv.Optional(CONF_LIGHT_THRESHOLD): number.number_schema(
-            LightThresholdNumber,
+            number.ApplyNumber,
             device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_ILLUMINANCE,
             entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
             icon=ICON_LIGHTBULB,
@@ -66,14 +64,14 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA.extend(
         cv.Optional(f"g{x}"): cv.Schema(
             {
                 cv.Required(CONF_MOVE_THRESHOLD): number.number_schema(
-                    GateThresholdNumber,
+                    number.ApplyNumber,
                     device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_SIGNAL_STRENGTH,
                     unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PERCENT,
                     entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
                     icon=ICON_MOTION_SENSOR,
                 ),
                 cv.Required(CONF_STILL_THRESHOLD): number.number_schema(
-                    GateThresholdNumber,
+                    number.ApplyNumber,
                     device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_SIGNAL_STRENGTH,
                     unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PERCENT,
                     entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
@@ -89,8 +87,14 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA.extend(
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2410_ID])
     numbers = number.sub_numbers(config, parent=hub)
+    timeouts = {"apply": "set_max_distances_timeout()", "publish": "before"}
     await numbers(
-        CONF_TIMEOUT, hub.set_timeout_number, min_value=0, max_value=65535, step=1
+        CONF_TIMEOUT,
+        hub.set_timeout_number,
+        min_value=0,
+        max_value=65535,
+        step=1,
+        **timeouts,
     )
     await numbers(
         CONF_MAX_MOVE_DISTANCE_GATE,
@@ -98,6 +102,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         min_value=2,
         max_value=8,
         step=1,
+        **timeouts,
     )
     await numbers(
         CONF_MAX_STILL_DISTANCE_GATE,
@@ -105,6 +110,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         min_value=2,
         max_value=8,
         step=1,
+        **timeouts,
     )
     await numbers(
         CONF_LIGHT_THRESHOLD,
@@ -112,21 +118,25 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         min_value=0,
         max_value=255,
         step=1,
+        apply="set_light_out_control()",
+        publish="before",
     )
+    threshold = {
+        "min_value": 0,
+        "max_value": 100,
+        "step": 1,
+        "apply": "set_gate_threshold(entity)",
+        "publish": "before",
+    }
     for x in range(9):
         if gate_conf := config.get(f"g{x}"):
-            move_config = gate_conf[CONF_MOVE_THRESHOLD]
-            n = cg.new_Pvariable(move_config[CONF_ID], x)
-            await number.register_number(
-                n, move_config, min_value=0, max_value=100, step=1
+            await numbers.create(
+                gate_conf[CONF_MOVE_THRESHOLD],
+                partial(hub.set_gate_move_threshold_number, x),
+                **threshold,
             )
-            await cg.register_parented(n, hub)
-            cg.add(hub.set_gate_move_threshold_number(x, n))
-
-            still_config = gate_conf[CONF_STILL_THRESHOLD]
-            n = cg.new_Pvariable(still_config[CONF_ID], x)
-            await number.register_number(
-                n, still_config, min_value=0, max_value=100, step=1
+            await numbers.create(
+                gate_conf[CONF_STILL_THRESHOLD],
+                partial(hub.set_gate_still_threshold_number, x),
+                **threshold,
             )
-            await cg.register_parented(n, hub)
-            cg.add(hub.set_gate_still_threshold_number(x, n))

esphome/components/ld2410/number/gate_threshold_number.cpp

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-#include "gate_threshold_number.h"
-
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
-
-GateThresholdNumber::GateThresholdNumber(uint8_t gate) : gate_(gate) {}
-
-void GateThresholdNumber::control(float value) {
-  this->publish_state(value);
-  this->parent_->set_gate_threshold(this->gate_);
-}
-
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410

esphome/components/ld2410/number/gate_threshold_number.h

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "esphome/components/number/number.h"
-#include "../ld2410.h"
-
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
-
-class GateThresholdNumber final : public number::Number, public Parented<LD2410Component> {
- public:
-  GateThresholdNumber(uint8_t gate);
-
- protected:
-  uint8_t gate_;
-  void control(float value) override;
-};
-
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410

esphome/components/ld2410/number/light_threshold_number.cpp

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-#include "light_threshold_number.h"
-
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
-
-void LightThresholdNumber::control(float value) {
-  this->publish_state(value);
-  this->parent_->set_light_out_control();
-}
-
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410

esphome/components/ld2410/number/light_threshold_number.h

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "esphome/components/number/number.h"
-#include "../ld2410.h"
-
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
-
-class LightThresholdNumber final : public number::Number, public Parented<LD2410Component> {
- public:
-  LightThresholdNumber() = default;
-
- protected:
-  void control(float value) override;
-};
-
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410

esphome/components/ld2410/number/max_distance_timeout_number.cpp

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-#include "max_distance_timeout_number.h"
-
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
-
-void MaxDistanceTimeoutNumber::control(float value) {
-  this->publish_state(value);
-  this->parent_->set_max_distances_timeout();
-}
-
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410

esphome/components/ld2410/number/max_distance_timeout_number.h

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "esphome/components/number/number.h"
-#include "../ld2410.h"
-
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
-
-class MaxDistanceTimeoutNumber final : public number::Number, public Parented<LD2410Component> {
- public:
-  MaxDistanceTimeoutNumber() = default;
-
- protected:
-  void control(float value) override;
-};
-
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410

esphome/components/ld2410/select/__init__.py

@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2410_ID])
     selects = select.sub_selects(config, parent=hub)
+    # Option lists follow the order of the C++ enums and tables; the hub maps by index
     await selects(
         CONF_DISTANCE_RESOLUTION,
         hub.set_distance_resolution_select,

esphome/components/ld2410/select/baud_rate_select.cpp

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ namespace esphome::ld2410 {
 
 void BaudRateSelect::control(size_t index) {
   this->publish_state(index);
-  this->parent_->set_baud_rate(this->option_at(index));
+  this->parent_->set_baud_rate(static_cast<BaudRate>(index + 1));
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ld2410

esphome/components/ld2410/select/distance_resolution_select.cpp

@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ namespace esphome::ld2410 {
 
 void DistanceResolutionSelect::control(size_t index) {
   this->publish_state(index);
-  this->parent_->set_distance_resolution(this->option_at(index));
+  this->parent_->set_distance_resolution(
+      static_cast<DistanceResolution>(progmem_read_byte(&DISTANCE_RESOLUTIONS[index])));
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ld2410

esphome/components/ld2410/switch/__init__.py

@@ -11,10 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-from .. import CONF_LD2410_ID, LD2410Component, ld2410_ns
-
-BluetoothSwitch = ld2410_ns.class_("BluetoothSwitch", switch.Switch)
-EngineeringModeSwitch = ld2410_ns.class_("EngineeringModeSwitch", switch.Switch)
+from .. import CONF_LD2410_ID, LD2410Component
 
 CONF_ENGINEERING_MODE = "engineering_mode"
 
@@ -22,13 +19,13 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
     cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(cg.EntityBase),
     cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD2410_ID): cv.use_id(LD2410Component),
     cv.Optional(CONF_ENGINEERING_MODE): switch.switch_schema(
-        EngineeringModeSwitch,
+        switch.ApplySwitch,
         device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_SWITCH,
         entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
         icon=ICON_PULSE,
     ),
     cv.Optional(CONF_BLUETOOTH): switch.switch_schema(
-        BluetoothSwitch,
+        switch.ApplySwitch,
         device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_SWITCH,
         entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
         icon=ICON_BLUETOOTH,
@@ -39,5 +36,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2410_ID])
     switches = switch.sub_switches(config, parent=hub)
-    await switches(CONF_ENGINEERING_MODE, hub.set_engineering_mode_switch)
-    await switches(CONF_BLUETOOTH, hub.set_bluetooth_switch)
+    await switches(
+        CONF_ENGINEERING_MODE,
+        hub.set_engineering_mode_switch,
+        apply="set_engineering_mode(state)",
+        publish="before",
+    )
+    await switches(
+        CONF_BLUETOOTH,
+        hub.set_bluetooth_switch,
+        apply="set_bluetooth(state)",
+        publish="before",
+    )

esphome/components/ld2410/switch/bluetooth_switch.cpp

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-#include "bluetooth_switch.h"
-
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
-
-void BluetoothSwitch::write_state(bool state) {
-  this->publish_state(state);
-  this->parent_->set_bluetooth(state);
-}
-
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410

esphome/components/ld2410/switch/bluetooth_switch.h

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "esphome/components/switch/switch.h"
-#include "../ld2410.h"
-
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
-
-class BluetoothSwitch final : public switch_::Switch, public Parented<LD2410Component> {
- public:
-  BluetoothSwitch() = default;
-
- protected:
-  void write_state(bool state) override;
-};
-
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410

esphome/components/ld2410/switch/engineering_mode_switch.cpp

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-#include "engineering_mode_switch.h"
-
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
-
-void EngineeringModeSwitch::write_state(bool state) {
-  this->publish_state(state);
-  this->parent_->set_engineering_mode(state);
-}
-
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410

esphome/components/ld2410/switch/engineering_mode_switch.h

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "esphome/components/switch/switch.h"
-#include "../ld2410.h"
-
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
-
-class EngineeringModeSwitch final : public switch_::Switch, public Parented<LD2410Component> {
- public:
-  EngineeringModeSwitch() = default;
-
- protected:
-  void write_state(bool state) override;
-};
-
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410

esphome/components/ld2410s/ld2410s.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #include "ld2410s.h"
 #include "ld2410s_number.h"
-#include <algorithm>
 #include <cstring>
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
@@ -95,19 +94,8 @@ void LD2410SComponent::dump_config() {
 }
 
 void LD2410SComponent::loop() {
-  uint8_t chunk[16];
-  // Take the count once so one pass handles a bounded number of bytes
-  size_t avail = this->available();
-  while (avail > 0) {
-    const size_t len = std::min(avail, sizeof(chunk));
-    if (!this->read_array(chunk, len)) {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "UART read of %u bytes failed", static_cast<unsigned>(len));
-      break;
-    }
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-      this->receive_byte_(chunk[i]);
-    }
-    avail -= len;
+  if (!this->read_available<16>([this](uint8_t b) { this->receive_byte_(b); })) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "UART read failed");
   }
   const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
   if (this->sequence_ == nullptr) {

esphome/components/ld2412/button/__init__.py

@@ -11,26 +11,20 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-from .. import CONF_LD2412_ID, LD2412_ns, LD2412Component
+from .. import CONF_LD2412_ID, LD2412Component
 
-FactoryResetButton = LD2412_ns.class_("FactoryResetButton", button.Button)
-QueryButton = LD2412_ns.class_("QueryButton", button.Button)
-RestartButton = LD2412_ns.class_("RestartButton", button.Button)
-StartDynamicBackgroundCorrectionButton = LD2412_ns.class_(
-    "StartDynamicBackgroundCorrectionButton", button.Button
-)
 CONF_START_DYNAMIC_BACKGROUND_CORRECTION = "start_dynamic_background_correction"
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
     cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(cg.EntityBase),
     cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD2412_ID): cv.use_id(LD2412Component),
     cv.Optional(CONF_FACTORY_RESET): button.factory_reset_button_schema(
-        FactoryResetButton
+        button.ApplyButton
     ),
-    cv.Optional(CONF_QUERY_PARAMS): button.query_button_schema(QueryButton),
-    cv.Optional(CONF_RESTART): button.restart_button_schema(RestartButton),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_QUERY_PARAMS): button.query_button_schema(button.ApplyButton),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_RESTART): button.restart_button_schema(button.ApplyButton),
     cv.Optional(CONF_START_DYNAMIC_BACKGROUND_CORRECTION): button.button_schema(
-        StartDynamicBackgroundCorrectionButton,
+        button.ApplyButton,
         entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
         icon=ICON_PULSE,
     ),
@@ -40,10 +34,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2412_ID])
     buttons = button.sub_buttons(config, parent=hub)
-    await buttons(CONF_FACTORY_RESET, hub.set_factory_reset_button)
-    await buttons(CONF_QUERY_PARAMS, hub.set_query_button)
-    await buttons(CONF_RESTART, hub.set_restart_button)
+    await buttons(
+        CONF_FACTORY_RESET, hub.set_factory_reset_button, apply="factory_reset()"
+    )
+    await buttons(CONF_QUERY_PARAMS, hub.set_query_button, apply="read_all_info()")
+    await buttons(
+        CONF_RESTART, hub.set_restart_button, apply="restart_and_read_all_info()"
+    )
     await buttons(
         CONF_START_DYNAMIC_BACKGROUND_CORRECTION,
         hub.set_start_dynamic_background_correction_button,
+        apply="start_dynamic_background_correction()",
     )

esphome/components/ld2412/button/factory_reset_button.cpp

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-#include "factory_reset_button.h"
-
-namespace esphome::ld2412 {
-
-void FactoryResetButton::press_action() { this->parent_->factory_reset(); }
-
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2412

esphome/components/ld2412/button/factory_reset_button.h

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "esphome/components/button/button.h"
-#include "../ld2412.h"
-
-namespace esphome::ld2412 {
-
-class FactoryResetButton final : public button::Button, public Parented<LD2412Component> {
- public:
-  FactoryResetButton() = default;
-
- protected:
-  void press_action() override;
-};
-
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2412

esphome/components/ld2412/button/query_button.cpp

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-#include "query_button.h"
-
-namespace esphome::ld2412 {
-
-void QueryButton::press_action() { this->parent_->read_all_info(); }
-
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2412

esphome/components/ld2412/button/query_button.h

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "esphome/components/button/button.h"
-#include "../ld2412.h"
-
-namespace esphome::ld2412 {
-
-class QueryButton final : public button::Button, public Parented<LD2412Component> {
- public:
-  QueryButton() = default;
-
- protected:
-  void press_action() override;
-};
-
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2412

esphome/components/ld2412/button/restart_button.cpp

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-#include "restart_button.h"
-
-namespace esphome::ld2412 {
-
-void RestartButton::press_action() { this->parent_->restart_and_read_all_info(); }
-
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2412

esphome/components/ld2412/button/restart_button.h

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "esphome/components/button/button.h"
-#include "../ld2412.h"
-
-namespace esphome::ld2412 {
-
-class RestartButton final : public button::Button, public Parented<LD2412Component> {
- public:
-  RestartButton() = default;
-
- protected:
-  void press_action() override;
-};
-
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2412

esphome/components/ld2412/button/start_dynamic_background_correction_button.cpp

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-#include "start_dynamic_background_correction_button.h"
-
-#include "restart_button.h"
-
-namespace esphome::ld2412 {
-
-void StartDynamicBackgroundCorrectionButton::press_action() { this->parent_->start_dynamic_background_correction(); }
-
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2412

esphome/components/ld2412/button/start_dynamic_background_correction_button.h

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "esphome/components/button/button.h"
-#include "../ld2412.h"
-
-namespace esphome::ld2412 {
-
-class StartDynamicBackgroundCorrectionButton final : public button::Button, public Parented<LD2412Component> {
- public:
-  StartDynamicBackgroundCorrectionButton() = default;
-
- protected:
-  void press_action() override;
-};
-
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2412

esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.cpp

@@ -79,7 +79,6 @@ static constexpr uint8_t OUT_PIN_LEVELS[] PROGMEM = {OUT_PIN_LEVEL_LOW, OUT_PIN_
 
 static constexpr uint32_t BAUD_RATES[] PROGMEM = {9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200, 230400, 256000, 460800};
 
-static constexpr uint8_t DEFAULT_PRESENCE_TIMEOUT = 5;  // Default used when number component is not defined
 // Commands
 static constexpr uint8_t CMD_ENABLE_CONF = 0xFF;
 static constexpr uint8_t CMD_DISABLE_CONF = 0xFE;
@@ -237,20 +236,7 @@ void LD2412Component::restart_and_read_all_info() {
 }
 
 void LD2412Component::loop() {
-  // Read all available bytes in batches to reduce UART call overhead.
-  size_t avail = this->available();
-  uint8_t buf[MAX_LINE_LENGTH];
-  while (avail > 0) {
-    size_t to_read = std::min(avail, sizeof(buf));
-    if (!this->read_array(buf, to_read)) {
-      break;
-    }
-    avail -= to_read;
-
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < to_read; i++) {
-      this->readline_(buf[i]);
-    }
-  }
+  this->read_available<MAX_LINE_LENGTH>([this](uint8_t b) { this->readline_(b); });
 }
 
 void LD2412Component::send_command_(uint8_t command, const uint8_t *command_value, uint8_t command_value_len) {
@@ -397,8 +383,10 @@ static inline bool has_value(number::Number *n) { return n != nullptr && n->has_
 
 // Timeout ids 0 (still) and 1 (motion) for a write waiting on a re-query
 static constexpr uint32_t GATE_QUERY_TIMEOUT_ID = 0;
-static constexpr uint32_t GATE_QUERY_TIMEOUT_MS = 2000;
 #endif
+// Timeout id for a basic configuration write waiting on a re-query, and how long any such write waits
+static constexpr uint32_t BASIC_CONF_TIMEOUT_ID = 2;
+static constexpr uint32_t QUERY_TIMEOUT_MS = 2000;
 
 void LD2412Component::handle_ack_data_() {
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Handling ACK DATA for COMMAND %02X", this->buffer_data_[COMMAND]);
@@ -566,38 +554,44 @@ void LD2412Component::handle_ack_data_() {
       break;
     }
 
-    case CMD_QUERY_BASIC_CONF:  // Query parameters response
-    {
-#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+    case CMD_QUERY_BASIC_CONF: {  // Query parameters response
       if (this->buffer_pos_ < 15 + HEADER_FOOTER_SIZE) {
         break;  // too short to hold the configuration
       }
-      /*
-        Moving distance range: 9th byte
-        Still distance range: 10th byte
-      */
-      set_number_value(this->min_distance_gate_number_, this->buffer_data_[10]);
-      set_number_value(this->max_distance_gate_number_, this->buffer_data_[11] - 1);
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "min_distance_gate_number_: %u, max_distance_gate_number_ %u", this->buffer_data_[10],
-               this->buffer_data_[11]);
-      /*
-        None Duration: 11~12th bytes
-      */
-      set_number_value(this->timeout_number_, encode_uint16(this->buffer_data_[13], this->buffer_data_[12]));
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "timeout_number_: %u", encode_uint16(this->buffer_data_[13], this->buffer_data_[12]));
-      /*
-        Output pin configuration: 13th bytes
-      */
+      // True only while a held-back write waits for this answer
+      const bool pending = this->cancel_timeout(BASIC_CONF_TIMEOUT_ID);
+      this->basic_conf_read_ = true;
+      // Min gate: 9th byte, max gate: 10th byte, timeout: 11~12th bytes, output pin level: 13th byte
+      this->min_gate_ = this->buffer_data_[10];
+      this->max_gate_ = this->buffer_data_[11];
+      this->timeout_ = encode_uint16(this->buffer_data_[13], this->buffer_data_[12]);
       this->out_pin_level_ = this->buffer_data_[14];
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "min_distance_gate_number_: %u, max_distance_gate_number_ %u", this->min_gate_, this->max_gate_);
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "timeout_number_: %u", this->timeout_);
+      // The pending write's user values must survive the answer
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+      if (!pending || !has_value(this->min_distance_gate_number_)) {
+        set_number_value(this->min_distance_gate_number_, this->min_gate_);
+      }
+      if (!pending || !has_value(this->max_distance_gate_number_)) {
+        set_number_value(this->max_distance_gate_number_, this->max_gate_ - 1);
+      }
+      if (!pending || !has_value(this->timeout_number_)) {
+        set_number_value(this->timeout_number_, this->timeout_);
+      }
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
-      if (this->out_pin_level_select_ != nullptr) {
+      if (this->out_pin_level_select_ != nullptr && !(pending && this->out_pin_level_select_->has_state())) {
         if (const auto index = ld24xx::find_index(OUT_PIN_LEVELS, this->out_pin_level_)) {
           this->out_pin_level_select_->publish_state(*index);
         }
       }
 #endif
-#endif
-    } break;
+      if (pending) {
+        this->set_basic_config();
+      }
+      break;
+    }
     default:
       break;
   }
@@ -703,8 +697,9 @@ void LD2412Component::set_engineering_mode(bool enable) {
 void LD2412Component::factory_reset() {
   this->set_config_mode_(true);
   this->send_command_(CMD_FACTORY_RESET, nullptr, 0);
+  // Reset discards the settings; the next write must wait for the re-read
+  this->basic_conf_read_ = false;
 #ifdef USE_NUMBER
-  // Reset discards the thresholds; the next write must wait for the re-read
   this->gate_move_thresholds_.read = false;
   this->gate_still_thresholds_.read = false;
 #endif
@@ -727,10 +722,22 @@ void LD2412Component::get_distance_resolution_() { this->send_command_(CMD_QUERY
 void LD2412Component::query_light_control_() { this->send_command_(CMD_QUERY_LIGHT_CONTROL, nullptr, 0); }
 
 void LD2412Component::set_basic_config() {
-  uint8_t min_gate = 1;
-  uint8_t max_gate = TOTAL_GATES;
-  uint16_t timeout = DEFAULT_PRESENCE_TIMEOUT;
-  uint8_t out_pin_level = 0x01;
+  // Entities that are not configured keep what the module last reported
+  uint8_t min_gate = this->min_gate_;
+  uint8_t max_gate = this->max_gate_;
+  uint16_t timeout = this->timeout_;
+  uint8_t out_pin_level = this->out_pin_level_;
+  bool from_module = false;
+
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+  from_module = this->min_distance_gate_number_ == nullptr || this->max_distance_gate_number_ == nullptr ||
+                this->timeout_number_ == nullptr;
+#else
+  from_module = true;
+#endif
+#ifndef USE_SELECT
+  from_module = true;
+#endif
 
 #ifdef USE_NUMBER
   if (this->min_distance_gate_number_ != nullptr) {
@@ -755,8 +762,19 @@ void LD2412Component::set_basic_config() {
     if (!index)
       return;
     out_pin_level = progmem_read_byte(&OUT_PIN_LEVELS[*index]);
+  } else {
+    from_module = true;
   }
 #endif
+  if (from_module && !this->basic_conf_read_) {
+    // The module never reported, so the values on hand are the built in defaults
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Command %02X held back until the module reports its settings", CMD_BASIC_CONF);
+    this->set_config_mode_(true);
+    this->query_parameters_();
+    this->set_config_mode_(false);
+    this->set_timeout(BASIC_CONF_TIMEOUT_ID, QUERY_TIMEOUT_MS, [this]() { this->basic_conf_timeout_(); });
+    return;
+  }
 
   uint8_t value[5] = {
       lowbyte(min_gate), lowbyte(max_gate), lowbyte(timeout), highbyte(timeout), out_pin_level,
@@ -766,6 +784,26 @@ void LD2412Component::set_basic_config() {
   this->set_config_mode_(false);
 }
 
+void LD2412Component::basic_conf_timeout_() {
+  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Command %02X not sent, the module did not report its settings", CMD_BASIC_CONF);
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+  // The values on hand never reached the module, so forgetting them loses nothing
+  for (number::Number *n : {this->min_distance_gate_number_, this->max_distance_gate_number_, this->timeout_number_}) {
+    if (n != nullptr) {
+      n->publish_state(NAN);
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+  // Show the last known or default level until the module reports one
+  if (this->out_pin_level_select_ != nullptr) {
+    if (const auto index = ld24xx::find_index(OUT_PIN_LEVELS, this->out_pin_level_)) {
+      this->out_pin_level_select_->publish_state(*index);
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
 #ifdef USE_NUMBER
 void LD2412Component::send_gate_thresholds_(bool motion) {
   GateThresholds &group = this->gate_thresholds_(motion);
@@ -783,9 +821,9 @@ void LD2412Component::send_gate_thresholds_(bool motion) {
   }
   if (configured < TOTAL_GATES && !group.read) {
     // Unread gates would go out as zero, which is maximum sensitivity
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Command %02X held back until the module reports its gate thresholds", command);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Command %02X held back until the module reports its settings", command);
     this->send_command_(motion ? CMD_QUERY_MOTION_GATE_SENS : CMD_QUERY_STATIC_GATE_SENS, nullptr, 0);
-    this->set_timeout(GATE_QUERY_TIMEOUT_ID + motion, GATE_QUERY_TIMEOUT_MS,
+    this->set_timeout(GATE_QUERY_TIMEOUT_ID + motion, QUERY_TIMEOUT_MS,
                       [this, motion]() { this->gate_query_timeout_(motion); });
     return;
   }
@@ -793,7 +831,7 @@ void LD2412Component::send_gate_thresholds_(bool motion) {
 }
 
 void LD2412Component::gate_query_timeout_(bool motion) {
-  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Command %02X not sent, the module did not report its gate thresholds",
+  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Command %02X not sent, the module did not report its settings",
            motion ? CMD_MOTION_GATE_SENS : CMD_STATIC_GATE_SENS);
   // The values on hand never reached the module or are stale, so forgetting them loses nothing
   for (number::Number *n : this->gate_thresholds_(motion).numbers) {

esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.h

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ using namespace ld24xx;
 
 static constexpr uint8_t MAX_LINE_LENGTH = 54;  // Max characters for serial buffer
 static constexpr uint8_t TOTAL_GATES = 14;      // Total number of gates supported by the LD2412
+static constexpr uint16_t DEFAULT_PRESENCE_TIMEOUT = 5;
 
 enum BaudRate : uint8_t {
   BAUD_RATE_9600 = 1,
@@ -136,6 +137,7 @@ class LD2412Component final : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
   void handle_periodic_data_();
   void handle_ack_data_();
   bool handle_frame_(uint8_t frame_len);
+  void basic_conf_timeout_();
   void readline_(int readch);
   void query_parameters_();
   void get_version_();
@@ -160,7 +162,12 @@ class LD2412Component final : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
 
   uint8_t light_function_ = 0;
   uint8_t light_threshold_ = 0;
-  uint8_t out_pin_level_ = 0;
+  // Basic configuration as last reported by the module; resent for entities that are not configured
+  bool basic_conf_read_{false};  // answered since boot or the last factory reset
+  uint16_t timeout_ = DEFAULT_PRESENCE_TIMEOUT;
+  uint8_t min_gate_ = 1;
+  uint8_t max_gate_ = TOTAL_GATES;
+  uint8_t out_pin_level_ = 1;
   uint8_t buffer_pos_ = 0;  // where to resume processing/populating buffer
   uint8_t buffer_data_[MAX_LINE_LENGTH];
   uint8_t mac_address_[MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};

esphome/components/ld2412/number/__init__.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from functools import partial
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import number
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -18,11 +20,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-from .. import CONF_LD2412_ID, LD2412_ns, LD2412Component
-
-GateThresholdNumber = LD2412_ns.class_("GateThresholdNumber", number.Number)
-LightThresholdNumber = LD2412_ns.class_("LightThresholdNumber", number.Number)
-MaxDistanceTimeoutNumber = LD2412_ns.class_("MaxDistanceTimeoutNumber", number.Number)
+from .. import CONF_LD2412_ID, LD2412Component
 
 CONF_LIGHT_THRESHOLD = "light_threshold"
 CONF_MAX_DISTANCE_GATE = "max_distance_gate"
@@ -35,25 +33,25 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
         cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(cg.EntityBase),
         cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD2412_ID): cv.use_id(LD2412Component),
         cv.Optional(CONF_LIGHT_THRESHOLD): number.number_schema(
-            LightThresholdNumber,
+            number.ApplyNumber,
             device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_ILLUMINANCE,
             entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
             icon=ICON_LIGHTBULB,
         ),
         cv.Optional(CONF_MAX_DISTANCE_GATE): number.number_schema(
-            MaxDistanceTimeoutNumber,
+            number.ApplyNumber,
             device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
             entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
             icon=ICON_MOTION_SENSOR,
         ),
         cv.Optional(CONF_MIN_DISTANCE_GATE): number.number_schema(
-            MaxDistanceTimeoutNumber,
+            number.ApplyNumber,
             device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
             entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
             icon=ICON_MOTION_SENSOR,
         ),
         cv.Optional(CONF_TIMEOUT): number.number_schema(
-            MaxDistanceTimeoutNumber,
+            number.ApplyNumber,
             entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
             icon=ICON_TIMELAPSE,
             unit_of_measurement=UNIT_SECOND,
@@ -66,14 +64,14 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA.extend(
         cv.Optional(f"gate_{x}"): (
             {
                 cv.Required(CONF_MOVE_THRESHOLD): number.number_schema(
-                    GateThresholdNumber,
+                    number.ApplyNumber,
                     device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_SIGNAL_STRENGTH,
                     entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
                     icon=ICON_MOTION_SENSOR,
                     unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PERCENT,
                 ),
                 cv.Required(CONF_STILL_THRESHOLD): number.number_schema(
-                    GateThresholdNumber,
+                    number.ApplyNumber,
                     device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_SIGNAL_STRENGTH,
                     entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
                     icon=ICON_MOTION_SENSOR,
@@ -95,13 +93,17 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         min_value=0,
         max_value=255,
         step=1,
+        apply="set_light_out_control()",
+        publish="before",
     )
+    basic = {"apply": "set_basic_config()", "publish": "before"}
     await numbers(
         CONF_MAX_DISTANCE_GATE,
         hub.set_max_distance_gate_number,
         min_value=2,
         max_value=13,
         step=1,
+        **basic,
     )
     await numbers(
         CONF_MIN_DISTANCE_GATE,
@@ -109,23 +111,32 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         min_value=1,
         max_value=12,
         step=1,
+        **basic,
     )
+    threshold = {
+        "min_value": 0,
+        "max_value": 100,
+        "step": 1,
+        "apply": "set_gate_threshold(entity)",
+        "publish": "before",
+    }
     for x in range(14):
         if gate_conf := config.get(f"gate_{x}"):
-            move_config = gate_conf[CONF_MOVE_THRESHOLD]
-            n = await number.new_number(move_config, min_value=0, max_value=100, step=1)
-            await cg.register_parented(n, hub)
-            cg.add(hub.set_gate_move_threshold_number(x, n))
-            still_config = gate_conf[CONF_STILL_THRESHOLD]
-            n = await number.new_number(
-                still_config, min_value=0, max_value=100, step=1
+            await numbers.create(
+                gate_conf[CONF_MOVE_THRESHOLD],
+                partial(hub.set_gate_move_threshold_number, x),
+                **threshold,
+            )
+            await numbers.create(
+                gate_conf[CONF_STILL_THRESHOLD],
+                partial(hub.set_gate_still_threshold_number, x),
+                **threshold,
             )
-            await cg.register_parented(n, hub)
-            cg.add(hub.set_gate_still_threshold_number(x, n))
     await numbers(
         CONF_TIMEOUT,
         hub.set_timeout_number,
         min_value=0,
         max_value=900,
         step=1,
+        **basic,
     )

esphome/components/ld2412/number/gate_threshold_number.cpp

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-#include "gate_threshold_number.h"
-
-namespace esphome::ld2412 {
-
-void GateThresholdNumber::control(float value) {
-  this->publish_state(value);
-  this->parent_->set_gate_threshold(this);
-}
-
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2412

esphome/components/ld2412/number/gate_threshold_number.h

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "esphome/components/number/number.h"
-#include "../ld2412.h"
-
-namespace esphome::ld2412 {
-
-class GateThresholdNumber final : public number::Number, public Parented<LD2412Component> {
- public:
-  // Not "= default": that makes new(p) T() zero-fill the object at every codegen site before the ctor runs.
-  GateThresholdNumber() {}
-
- protected:
-  void control(float value) override;
-};
-
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2412