Drop the now single-use apds9960 write macro

Co-authored-by: Copilot Autofix powered by AI <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@koston.org>

.agents/skills/hardware-test/SKILL.md

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+---
+name: hardware-test
+description: Test an ESPHome change on real boards over USB. Use this whenever a task asks to test, verify, reproduce, bench, A/B or soak a pull request, a branch or a crash on hardware, or mentions flashing, serial logs, esphome upload, a captive portal or fallback AP test, or results to post on a PR. Covers finding the serial ports, building from the right checkout, flashing each chip family (including the LibreTiny kits that stock tools cannot flash), bounded log capture, proven test flows and how to report results.
+allowed-tools: Read, Write, Edit, Bash, Glob, Grep
+---
+
+# Hardware testing
+
+The goal of a hardware test is evidence a reviewer can trust: which build ran on which board, what was
+driven, what the logs show, and the same flow on a `dev` build when a quirk could be pre-existing.
+`$SKILL` below is this directory (`.agents/skills/hardware-test`).
+
+## Ground rules
+
+1. **Serial ports cannot be shared.** One bounded capture per port, stopped before any flash on that
+   port, never an open-ended `esphome logs`. Stop a capture with `pkill -f "[s]erial_capture.py <port> "`,
+   naming the port so a capture on another board survives; the bracket keeps the pattern from matching
+   the shell that runs it. Never run `esphome logs` in a
+   `while true` loop: the loop respawns it and holds the port.
+2. **Credentials stay local.** Put a `secrets.yaml` next to the scratch configs and reference it with
+   `!secret`. Never paste a config with credentials into a PR, never commit scratch configs or logs.
+3. **Build from the tree under test.** `python -m esphome` puts the current directory first on
+   `sys.path`, so run it with the checkout or worktree as the working directory and pass the yaml by
+   its absolute path. A venv `esphome` entry point may import an installed snapshot instead of the
+   checkout. Confirm with `python -c 'import esphome; print(esphome.__file__)'`, and for an A/B grep
+   the build's `src/` for the change before trusting any number.
+4. **PR build and baseline build get different `name:` values.** Builds share
+   `.esphome/build/<name>`, so the same name means `esphome upload` can flash the wrong binary. Saved
+   Wi-Fi credentials are keyed by the name too, so a test that must start unprovisioned gets a fresh
+   name every run.
+5. **Flash and RAM deltas are measured against the PR's merge base** (`git merge-base origin/dev HEAD`
+   checked out in a throwaway worktree), with the baseline commit named in the table. When a delta
+   looks odd, diff symbol sizes (`nm -S -C --size-sort` from the matching toolchain) before quoting it.
+6. **Prove a quirk is pre-existing before blaming the PR:** run the identical flow on a `dev` build in
+   the same session and say so in the results.
+7. **Pipe safely.** Set `PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1` on any `esphome run` or `esphome logs` whose output is
+   piped, or lines land minutes late. Bound every long command with `timeout` (coreutils) or
+   `perl -e 'alarm shift; exec @ARGV' <seconds> <command>` on macOS without it.
+
+## Workflow
+
+1. **Find the boards:** `python $SKILL/scripts/ports.py` (any Python with pyserial, for example the
+   ESPHome venv). Port names follow the USB hub port and change on every replug, so never reuse a name
+   from an earlier session. CH340 adapters (D1 mini, BW15 kit, BK7238, CB3S) all look the same; tell
+   them apart with a 10 s capture using `serial_capture.py --reset` (ESP8266 prints its ROM banner at
+   74880 baud, LibreTiny boards print `[LT]` and ESPHome lines, BK7238 prints its bootloader version).
+   `ports.py --wait 2e8a` blocks until a Pico re-enumerates.
+2. **Make a scratch directory** outside the checkout, with `secrets.yaml` and the templates you need.
+   One yaml per board per variant, file name equal to `name:`.
+3. **Compile** in the right tree:
+   `(cd <worktree> && PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1 timeout 1500 python -m esphome compile <abs yaml> > <name>-compile.log 2>&1)`.
+   Keep the RAM and flash lines at the end. Two ESP-IDF or two LibreTiny builds at the same time race
+   over tool caches; run them one at a time.
+4. **Flash** per chip family (table below). Stop the capture on that port first.
+5. **Capture** with `serial_capture.py PORT SECONDS OUT` in the background, then poll the file with
+   `grep` in an `until ... sleep 2` loop with a cap. USB CDC boards (Pico, nRF52, native USB ESP32)
+   drop the port on reboot; the script reopens it until its deadline.
+6. **Drive** the test: a second board running a client config, `curl`, an aioesphomeapi script that
+   presses a template button and subscribes to logs, MQTT publishes, or `interval:` and `on_boot:`
+   automations in the config itself.
+7. **Analyze** with `grep -a -c` counts over the capture and keep an `-events.txt` extract of the lines
+   that matter. Decode crashes with the platform's `addr2line` (see `reference/boards.md`).
+8. **Report** on the PR as a table: build SHA, board and framework, what was driven, counts, result,
+   plus the `dev` control row and the exact flow in a `<details>` block. No credentials, no port names,
+   no IP addresses.
+
+## Flashing by chip family
+
+| Board | Flash | Log |
+|---|---|---|
+| ESP8266 D1 mini (CH340) | `python -m esphome upload <yaml> --device <port>` | `serial_capture.py` at 115200; `esphome logs` on some CH340s emits garbage after the RTS reset. A failed esptool write can wedge the adapter until the board is replugged. `esptool erase_flash` before a test that needs an unprovisioned device: the preference sector survives a reflash |
+| ESP32 devkit (CP2102 or CH340) | `esphome upload --device <port>`, ESP-IDF or Arduino | `serial_capture.py`. Default Wi-Fi light sleep delays API driven actions by seconds; judge timing from device logs. `power_save_mode: none` for OTA overlap tests |
+| ESP32-S3, C3, C6, H2 native USB | `esphome upload --device /dev/cu.usbmodem*` | `logger: hardware_uart: USB_SERIAL_JTAG`. The USB console can wedge when the app takes over the console (0 bytes, esptool `No serial data received`); replug, or watch through `esphome logs --device <name>.local` |
+| Pico W / Pico 2 W | `esphome upload --device <port>` (1200 baud touch); first flash ever via BOOTSEL and `--device /Volumes/RPI-RP2` or `RP2350` | port re-enumerates after upload: `ports.py --wait 2e8a` then capture |
+| BW15 kit (RTL8720CF, rtl87xx) | `~/.platformio/penv/.libretiny/bin/python $SKILL/scripts/flash_rtl87xx_kit.py flash write -d <port> <build>/.pioenvs/<name>/*.uf2`. Plain `esphome upload` and plain ltchiptool time out because opening the port asserts DTR/RTS and holds the chip in reset | `serial_capture.py --released`, never `esphome logs` |
+| BK7238 / CB3S (bk72xx, RTS on CEN) | `~/.platformio/penv/.libretiny/bin/python $SKILL/scripts/flash_bk72xx.py flash write -d <port> <uf2>` (about 75 s) | logs are on UART2 by default; `logger: hardware_uart: UART1` puts them on the flashing adapter. Opening the port resets the chip, so keep one capture open for the whole test |
+| LN882H | ltchiptool forces 1 Mbaud for writes; weak adapters need `LN882H_YM_BAUDRATE` patched to 115200 in the penv's `ln882htool.py`; short BOOT to GND while the tool connects | OTA after the first flash |
+| nRF52840 Dongle (PCA10059) | Nordic `nrfutil nrf5sdk-tools dfu usb-serial` on the bootloader port, or `dfu: true` in the config so the 1200 baud touch pin-resets into the bootloader; adafruit-nrfutil is refused | app has two CDC ports, ESPHome log on the second |
+| Adafruit-style nRF52 (UF2 bootloader) | `UF2BOOT` volume or adafruit-nrfutil; `dfu: true` works through GPREGRET | single CDC port |
+| Any reachable device | `esphome upload <yaml> --device <ip or name.local>`; `--file <bin>` for a prebuilt image | `esphome logs --device <ip>` bounded with `timeout` |
+
+ESP-IDF OTA image: `.esphome/build/<name>/build/firmware.ota.bin`. LibreTiny OTA port is 8892.
+
+## Scripts in `$SKILL/scripts`
+
+- `ports.py`: list ports with VID:PID, product, serial and a board guess; `--wait VID[:PID]`,
+  `--product NAME`, `--serial SN` (one specific board, whatever path it comes back under) and
+  `--serial-of PORT` (the serial number behind a path).
+- `serial_capture.py PORT SECONDS OUT [--baud] [--released] [--reset] [--append]`: bounded timestamped
+  capture, ANSI stripped, `LOG_SECRET` text written as `<secret>`, reopens a vanished port, exits at the
+  deadline. OUT is truncated unless `--append` is given, so counts over it cover one run.
+- `flash_rtl87xx_kit.py`: ltchiptool wrapper for the BW15 kit whose CH340 drives CEN (RTS) and the boot
+  strap (DTR). `flash read` needs the family `realtek-ambz2`; `flash write` does not.
+- `flash_bk72xx.py`: ltchiptool wrapper for BK72xx boards whose RTS drives CEN.
+- `wifisave_hammer.sh KIND DUT_PORT DUT_YAML DUT_TREE CLIENT_PORT CLIENT_YAML CLIENT_TREE [SETTLE]`:
+  the fallback AP plus captive portal hammer end to end (compile, flash, capture, counts) with the
+  templates below. KIND is `esp`, `pico`, `bw15` or `bk`. It ends with `RESULT PASS` (exit 0),
+  `RESULT FAIL` (exit 3: a crash, a reboot after the AP came up, or the device never joined the network),
+  `RESULT INVALID`
+  (exit 2: a precondition was missed, the stimulus was insufficient, or a capture did not last the run)
+  or exits 1 when a build, flash or port step failed.
+
+## Templates in `$SKILL/templates`
+
+- `dut-fallback-ap.yaml` (package): a device that never finds its network, falls back to its AP and
+  serves the captive portal. `example-dut.yaml` is the per-run file with the platform block.
+- `client-wifisave.yaml` (package): joins that AP, posts N bogus `/wifisave` requests, then the real
+  credentials from `!secret`. `example-client.yaml` is the per-run file. `bogus_saves: "1"` gives a
+  plain provisioning check.
+
+## When something looks wrong
+
+- A capture stopped early or a line is missing: check the timestamps before trusting it.
+- The client never joins the AP: another board may still run an AP with the same SSID, or the device
+  booted with saved credentials because the name was reused. One AP device at a time on the bench.
+- Builds come out byte-identical between branches: the wrong tree was imported (rule 3).
+- Multicast from the host never arrives on some access points: test it device to device. Broadcast
+  is lossy under Wi-Fi power save, unicast is not. Throttle UDP floods to a fixed packet rate.
+- `api:` reboots a board after 15 min without a client: `reboot_timeout: 0s` on `api:` and `mqtt:` for
+  soak tests.
+
+`reference/boards.md` has per-chip facts and crash decoding; `reference/recipes.md` has the proven
+flows. Add new findings there.

.agents/skills/hardware-test/reference/boards.md

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+# Board facts
+
+Ports are not listed on purpose: they follow the USB hub port and change on every replug. Run
+`scripts/ports.py`.
+
+## ESP8266 (D1 mini, NodeMCU, CH340 or CP2102)
+
+- Opening the port usually resets the board through DTR, but not always; `serial_capture.py --reset`
+  pulses RTS to capture from boot. 74880 baud shows the ROM boot messages (`rst cause`, `boot mode`).
+- `esphome logs` on some CH340s emits thousands of duplicated garbage lines right after the RTS reset;
+  a plain pyserial capture at 115200 is reliable.
+- A failed esptool write can wedge the adapter (`termios` error 22, or an open that hangs) until replug.
+- The preference sector survives a reflash: a provisioned API key or saved Wi-Fi credentials stay
+  active. `esptool erase_flash` gives a clean device.
+- `Panic core_esp8266_main.cpp:191 __yield` with `ctx: sys` means a yield from lwIP context (a web
+  handler, an lwIP callback). Decode stacks with
+  `xtensa-lx106-elf-addr2line -e <build>/.pioenvs/<name>/firmware.elf -f -C -i <addr...>` from the
+  toolchain under `~/.platformio/packages/toolchain-xtensa/bin/` (PlatformIO builds) or the ESPHome
+  cache directory (native toolchain builds).
+- Constant data lives in RAM unless marked `PROGMEM`; with 80 KB of RAM a few hundred bytes are worth a
+  row in the PR.
+- AsyncMqttClient drops inbound topics over 128 characters; topics of 255 or more wrap a counter and
+  stall the link until the broker drops TCP.
+
+## ESP32 classic devkit
+
+- Takes ESP-IDF and Arduino. Default Wi-Fi light sleep delays API driven actions by up to 6 s; judge
+  timings from device logs, not from the host. `power_save_mode: none` for OTA overlap tests (an IDF web
+  upload of 739 KB took 107 s with power save and 45 s without).
+- Receives only a few percent of IPv6 multicast on some access points with power save on; a raw lwIP
+  socket loses the same, so that is the AP or driver, not a PR.
+- Decode with `xtensa-esp32-elf-addr2line` from the IDF tools directory against
+  `<build>/.pioenvs/<name>/firmware.elf` (PlatformIO) or `<build>/build/<name>.elf` (IDF native).
+- Clean reboot between runs with the capture stopped: `esptool --after hard_reset chip_id`.
+- Trigger a forced crash only after the app is marked valid (45 s after boot is plenty), never on an
+  image still pending OTA rollback.
+- Signed OTA testing: build with `esp32.framework.advanced.signed_ota_verification.verification_keys`
+  under a different name, sign with `python -m espsecure sign_data --version 2 --keyfile
+  tests/components/esp32/dummy_signing_key.pem`, upload with `esphome upload --file`. The verifier
+  refuses unsigned images afterwards, so restore with a signed plain build.
+
+## ESP32-S3, C3, C6, H2 with native USB
+
+- `/dev/cu.usbmodem*`, esptool works, `logger: hardware_uart: USB_SERIAL_JTAG`.
+- The USB console can die at the moment the app takes over the console during a reboot (log stops after
+  `Disabling RNG early entropy source`, then 0 bytes, esptool reports `No serial data received`). Only a
+  USB replug fixes it. Fallback: `esphome logs --device <name>.local` (API log stream, which drops lines
+  while Wi-Fi is off).
+- The ESP32-P4 before silicon revision 3 is bricked by rev3-only firmware (boot loop at bootloader entry).
+
+## RP2040 / RP2350 (Pico W, Pico 2 W)
+
+- The CDC port re-enumerates after every reboot and after `esphome upload` (1200 baud touch). Re-detect
+  with `ports.py --wait 2e8a` before capturing; `serial_capture.py` reopens on its own if the port
+  vanishes mid-capture.
+- First flash ever: BOOTSEL, then `esphome upload --device /Volumes/RPI-RP2` (or `RP2350`).
+- arduino-pico creates the lwIP netif in `WiFi.begin()`, so any IGMP join during component setup fails;
+  joins must wait for `network::is_connected()`.
+- Parallel Pico builds race on package extraction after a PlatformIO package wipe; one at a time.
+- An RTS pulse from pyserial does not reset the board; reboot with `App.safe_reboot()` or the touch.
+
+## BW15 kit (RTL8720CF, LibreTiny rtl87xx)
+
+- The kit's CH340 wires RTS to CEN and DTR to PA00 (boot strap). A plain pyserial open asserts both and
+  holds the chip in reset, which is why `esphome upload`, plain `ltchiptool` and `esphome logs` all fail
+  ("Timeout while linking", or silence). `scripts/flash_rtl87xx_kit.py` sets DTR high and RTS released
+  on every open, pulses RTS once so the ROM answers `ping`, and after the command drops DTR and pulses
+  RTS to boot the app. Run it with the PlatformIO LibreTiny penv Python.
+- `flash write -d <port> <uf2>` takes no family argument; `flash read -d <port> -s 0 -l <len>
+  realtek-ambz2 <out>` does.
+- Capture with `serial_capture.py --released`. The ESPHome log is on the flashing UART already.
+- The macOS CH340 driver only pushes DTR/RTS to the wire once a session has driven them, so the first
+  plain open after a replug streams logs and the second is silent; always open with the lines released.
+- Driver quirks seen on `dev`: `WiFi.begin` can refuse the real network on the first try after bogus
+  credentials (it connects after two cooldowns); right after connecting while the AP is still up the
+  driver can bus-fault in `rtw_is_adapter_up` (`R0 = 0xdeadbeef`) and reboot; the AP restarts on every
+  STA retry, so stations cannot stay joined; `WiFi.begin` fails synchronously for an absent network and
+  lands in a cooldown at once; connecting blocks the loop 2.5 to 4.1 s.
+- Decode faults with `arm-none-eabi-addr2line -e <build>/.pioenvs/<name>/raw_firmware.elf -f -C -i <PC>`
+  from `~/.platformio/packages/toolchain-gccarmnoneeabi/bin/` (`raw_firmware.elf`, not `firmware.elf`).
+  Fault dumps print PC, LR and R0 to R3.
+- The AmebaZ2 SDK sets `LWIP_TCPIP_CORE_LOCKING 0`.
+
+## BK7238, WB3S, CB3S (BK7231N) (LibreTiny bk72xx, CH340, RTS on CEN)
+
+- Stock ltchiptool closes and reopens the port after its reset, and pyserial raises both lines on open,
+  holding CEN low through the BootROM window. `scripts/flash_bk72xx.py` opens with both released and
+  pulses the reset right before the link checks. A write takes about 75 s. Only a CEN or power reset
+  reaches the downloader; no software reboot does.
+- ESPHome logs on UART2 by default; `logger: hardware_uart: UART1` puts them on the flashing adapter.
+- Opening the port resets the chip (bootloader banner on every open, even with DTR/RTS low), so keep one
+  capture open for the whole test and never reopen mid-phase.
+- Callbacks run on the `async_tcp` task and log lines can lose a byte. Wi-Fi connect takes tens of ms;
+  radio enable 160 to 278 ms, disable about 200 ms.
+
+## BW16 kit (RTL8720DN, AmebaD)
+
+- The kit's own USB-C (CH340) is on LOG_UART and flashes fine. Its two-transistor circuit resets while
+  RTS alone is asserted and straps BURN while DTR alone is; both asserted does nothing. ROM entry is
+  esptool's classic sequence (`dtr:false,rts:true` 100 ms, `dtr:true,rts:false` 400 ms, both false); the
+  first pulse after a replug can be lost, retry up to three times.
+- Any reopen resets the chip, 460800 is flaky, 115200 is solid: one open per session, in-place baud
+  changes only. The ROM and the loader NAK continuously while idle, so ACK scans must drain first.
+- The AmebaD core has no mDNS responder (`mdns: disabled: true`).
+
+## LN882H
+
+- ltchiptool forces 1 Mbaud for writes; adapters that cannot hold it fail with "Timeout while linking"
+  or die mid-write. Patch `LN882H_YM_BAUDRATE` in the penv's `ltchiptool/soc/ln882h/util/ln882htool.py`
+  to 115200 (lost on reprovision). Weak 3.3 V from the adapter: feed the module's 5 V pad instead. Short
+  BOOT to GND while the tool connects. OTA afterwards.
+- `USE_WIFI_AP_EXCLUSIVE` (one radio mode at a time) exists only on LN882x; compile-check changes there.
+
+## nRF52840
+
+- Nordic PCA10059 dongle: the factory Open DFU bootloader enumerates as `1915:521F` on its own port
+  name; the app as `2FE3:0100` with two CDC ports, ESPHome log on the second. Only Nordic
+  `nrfutil nrf5sdk-tools` works (`pkg generate --hw-version 52 --sd-req 0x00 --application-version 1
+  --application zephyr.hex app.zip`, then `dfu usb-serial -pkg app.zip -p <port>`); ESPHome downloads
+  it on the first build. GPREGRET does not enter the bootloader; a pin reset through P0.19 does, which
+  `dfu: true` wires up on this board. A pulsing red LED means bootloader; the side RESET button
+  re-enters it.
+- Makerdiary MDK USB dongle: UF2 bootloader without SoftDevice, app at 0x1000, `UF2BOOT` volume,
+  adafruit-nrfutil, GPREGRET 0x57 works. RGB LED active low (red P0.23, green P0.22, blue P0.24),
+  button P0.18.
+
+## ESP Thread Border Router board v1.2 (S3 host + H2 RCP)
+
+- S3 host on USB JTAG serial, H2 RCP on its own USB. Spinel UART1 from the host: `rx_pin: GPIO17`,
+  `tx_pin: GPIO18`, RCP reset `GPIO7` active low, 460800. The config needs `network: enable_ipv6: true`.
+- The shipped H2 firmware fails `CheckRadioCapabilities` with IDF 5.5; build `examples/openthread/ot_rcp`
+  for esp32h2 with ESPHome's own IDF (`IDF_PATH` at the cached framework, its penv and tools,
+  `IDF_PYTHON_CHECK_CONSTRAINTS=no`) and flash with esptool at 0x0, 0x8000 and 0x10000.
+- A crash-looping S3 pulses the H2 reset every boot, so the H2 cannot be flashed and the S3 will not
+  enter its bootloader over USB. Hold S3 BOOT, tap S3 RST, flash the H2, release, then replug both.
+- `dns-sd -L <name> _meshcop._udp local.` shows the `omr` prefix; it disappears when routing is dead.
+  Keep one capture per chip; never reset the H2 over USB mid-test unless that is the test (the host
+  logs `Unexpected RCP reset: RESET_OTHER` and recovers).

.agents/skills/hardware-test/reference/recipes.md

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+# Proven test flows
+
+Each flow names the pull requests it was used on, so their result tables show what to post.
+
+## Captive portal `/wifisave` hammer (#20802, #20784)
+
+Reproduces a `/wifisave` arriving during the STA cooldown, and proves a fix on every board.
+Device under test: `templates/example-dut.yaml` (bogus network, `ap:` with `ap_timeout: 15s`,
+`captive_portal:`). Client: `templates/example-client.yaml` on an ESP32 or a D1 mini; it joins the
+device's AP, posts 15 bogus saves 3 s apart, then the real credentials. With the portal up the cooldown
+is 30 s, so nearly every save lands inside one. Driver: `scripts/wifisave_hammer.sh`. Settle 40 s on
+ESP boards, 90 s on the BW15 (its first attempt on the real network fails, see boards.md).
+
+Counts that matter: `Requested WiFi Settings Change` (saves received), `Exiting cooldown early`, crash
+markers, boots (`Log initialized`), and the client's `bogus save status 200` and `real save status 200`.
+A healthy run: every save answered 200, one cooldown exit per save (two on the BW15, whose retry enters
+the adapter restart), no panic, and the real credentials connect the device within about 10 s.
+
+Fault injection for AP start failures: wrap `this->ap_setup_ = this->wifi_start_ap_(this->ap_)` in
+`setup_ap_config_()` with an `HWTEST_AP_FAIL_COUNT` build flag
+(`esphome: platformio_options: build_flags: -DHWTEST_AP_FAIL_COUNT=2`), raise the portal's "Captive
+portal started" from LOGV to LOGI, and after provisioning curl the device's STA address: connection
+refused proves the portal's server is gone.
+
+## `reboot_timeout` with a fallback AP (#9958)
+
+Only one board runs the AP at a time, or stations join the wrong one. AP probe: bogus network,
+`ap: {ssid, password, ap_timeout: 5s}`, `reboot_timeout: 60s`, `logger: level: VERBOSE` (ESP32 and
+ESP8266 log `AP client connected MAC=` at verbose), `on_boot: logger.log: BOOT`. Station probes:
+`reboot_timeout: 0s`, `interval: 150s` running `wifi.disable`, `delay: 20s`, `wifi.enable` (60 s cycles
+are too short to cover the due moment). Pass pattern: "Can't connect; rebooting" exactly 60 s after boot
+with no station joined, no reboot for minutes while one is, then a reboot within a second of the last
+disconnect. The BW15 restarts its AP on every STA retry and cannot be tested this way.
+
+## MQTT (#20433, #17935, #20762, #20767, #20768)
+
+A local mosquitto with `allow_anonymous true`, `log_type all` and `log_dest file`: the broker log gives
+each subscription's QoS, the device address (`New client connected from <ip> as <name>-<mac>`) and exact
+subscribe counts. Kill and restart mosquitto to exercise `on_disconnect` (reason 0) and resubscription.
+Keep `reboot_timeout: 0s` on `api:` and `mqtt:`. The ESP-IDF outbox swings free heap about 2 kB right
+after bulk subscribe and unsubscribe; read the heap seconds later over several rounds before calling a
+leak. Spawned subscriptions need about 2.5 s to reach the broker before the next publish.
+`esphome logs --device MQTT` only uses the MQTT transport when the config has no `api:`. Driver pattern: a
+paho script publishes and polls the serial capture file.
+
+## UDP, multicast, sockets (#20556 to #20559, #20585, #20590)
+
+A listener on port 9 needs no privileges on macOS. Test multicast device to device; host to device
+multicast never arrives on some access points, and `239.255.x.x` groups are unreliable even to a stock
+listener. Broadcast to boards is lossy under power save, unicast is not. Flood at a fixed packet rate
+(the host hits `ENOBUFS` unthrottled); 1500 packets per second survived on every board. A forced Wi-Fi
+reconnect on the Pico keeps IGMP membership. Set a long loop interval from `wifi.on_connect`
+(`App.set_loop_interval(20000)`), not `on_boot`, or Wi-Fi connect crawls. The `logger.log` action
+rejects `%.*s`; use a lambda.
+
+## OTA overlap and lock (#20588), OTA timeouts (#19041), deflate (#19037)
+
+All overlap orders (a web upload during a native OTA and the reverse) must be refused; the lock release
+after an interrupted web upload waits about 14 s (ESP8266) or 7 s (ESP-IDF) for disconnect detection. A
+refused web client on `web_server_idf` never gets the busy reply; the connection drops at reboot.
+`pkill -f "a\|b"` does not alternate; use two pkills.
+
+## DHCP lease cache (#17767)
+
+Cycle 20 s awake, `deep_sleep.enter 30s`, wake, 20 s, `App.safe_reboot()`, logging `millis()` at the
+`wifi.connected` condition. An RTS hardware reset must fall back to DHCP; a software reboot and a deep
+sleep wake must apply the cache. `esphome run --no-logs` silently skipped the upload on one board; use
+`upload` then `logs`.
+
+## HDMI-CEC two-board wire (#9189)
+
+Two boards on one wire: promiscuous mode, a 0x8F request answered with 0x90 0x00, a `destination:`
+filter on the reply handler, template buttons for each target plus lambdas calling
+`send(source, dest, span)` as another initiator. Healthy numbers: device-side turnaround 15 to 22 ms,
+round trip 144 to 156 ms. Press buttons over the API; judge timings from device logs (ESP32 light sleep
+lags the press).
+
+## LD2450 polygon zones (#20154)
+
+To make a target "leave" without anyone moving, set the radar's Zone-1 numbers over the target and
+switch the zone type to `Filter` (the count drops to 0 within 0.5 s); set it back to `Disabled` after.
+Writing those numbers blocks the ld2450 loop about 50 ms.
+
+## Scheduler and loop wake A/B (#20356)
+
+An external component whose template button arms an SDK `os_timer` (50 ms, one shot) on the ESP8266;
+the callback runs in SYS context, records `millis()` and calls `set_timeout` or `defer`; the timeout
+logs the elapsed time and loop count delta. Drive with an aioesphomeapi script (`subscribe_logs` plus
+`button_command`). Build the same yaml twice with different names, one per tree.
+
+## Noise handshake and OTA encryption on the ESP8266 (#19062, #19233)
+
+Host side timing is useless on a weak link; use an on-device bench with the minimum of five runs over
+two boots. Provision a key with `noise_encryption_set_key` through aioesphomeapi and upload with
+`espota2.run_ota(host, 8266, None, bin, noise_psk=key)` when the key is not in the yaml.
+
+## ESP-NOW on the ESP8266 (#14407)
+
+The NONOS SDK only delivers broadcast ESP-NOW frames while the station is associated or a soft-AP is
+up; a hidden, open, client-less soft-AP (60 s beacon, DHCP stopped) makes broadcasts arrive. In AP-only
+mode the device transmits from the soft-AP MAC.
+
+## Wi-Fi Easy Connect (DPP) enrollee (#17934)
+
+Only an Android phone configures: Settings, network details, Add device, Share Wi-Fi (the Wi-Fi list's
+QR scanner makes the phone an enrollee). Render the URI with the `qrcode` module and open the PNG.
+`esp32: framework: log_level: DEBUG` plus `sdkconfig_options: CONFIG_WPA_DEBUG_PRINT: y` prints the
+supplicant state machine.
+
+## Thread border router (#18104)
+
+See boards.md for the ESP Thread BR board. Check that the H2 answers Spinel before blaming a PR.
+
+## nRF52840 dongle boards (#19009, #20814)
+
+Test config: the two LEDs as inverted GPIO outputs, the button as an inverted pull-up binary sensor, a
+10 s alive interval. To retest the nrfutil download path, move the cached `sdk-nrf/nrfutil` aside first.

.agents/skills/hardware-test/scripts/flash_bk72xx.py

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+"""ltchiptool for boards whose RTS drives CEN: reset and link on one open port.
+
+Stock ltchiptool closes and reopens the port after its DTR/RTS reset, and
+pyserial raises both lines on open, holding CEN low through the BootROM's
+listen window. Open with both lines released and pulse the reset right
+before the LinkChecks instead.
+"""
+
+import sys
+
+import bk7231tools.serial.main as bk_main
+from ltchiptool.__main__ import cli
+from ltchiptool.soc.bk72xx.flash import BK72XXFlash
+from serial import Serial
+
+
+class ReleasedSerial(Serial):
+    def __init__(self, port=None, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(None, **kwargs)
+        self.dtr = False
+        self.rts = False
+        self.port = port
+        self.open()
+
+
+bk_main.Serial = ReleasedSerial
+
+_connect = BK72XXFlash.flash_connect
+
+
+def flash_hw_reset(self) -> None:
+    self._reset_pending = True
+
+
+def flash_connect(self) -> None:
+    pending = getattr(self, "_reset_pending", False)
+    if self.bk and self.conn.linked and not pending:
+        return
+    self.flash_build_protocol()
+    if pending:
+        self._reset_pending = False
+        self.bk.hw_reset()
+        self.conn.linked = False  # the chip rebooted, so link again below
+    _connect(self)
+
+
+BK72XXFlash.flash_hw_reset = flash_hw_reset
+BK72XXFlash.flash_connect = flash_connect
+
+sys.argv = ["ltchiptool", *sys.argv[1:]]
+cli()

.agents/skills/hardware-test/scripts/flash_rtl87xx_kit.py

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+"""ltchiptool for the BW15 kit whose CH340 drives CEN (RTS) and PA00 (DTR).
+
+A plain open asserts both lines and holds the chip in reset. Here every open keeps DTR high and RTS
+released; the first open pulses RTS so the ROM comes up; after the command DTR low plus an RTS pulse
+boots the app. The exit status is ltchiptool's; 2 means the flash succeeded but the app was not
+booted (boot pulse failed, or no -d PORT to send it to), so the board sits in the ROM until reset.
+
+Usage: python flash_rtl87xx_kit.py flash write -d <port> firmware.uf2
+"""
+
+import sys
+import time
+
+import serial
+
+_first = [True]
+_orig_open = serial.Serial.open
+
+
+def _open(self):
+    self.dtr = True  # PA00 high: ROM download mode on the next reset
+    self.rts = False  # CEN released
+    _orig_open(self)
+    if _first[0]:
+        _first[0] = False
+        self.rts = True
+        time.sleep(0.1)
+        self.rts = False
+        time.sleep(0.3)  # reset into the ROM
+        self.reset_input_buffer()
+
+
+serial.Serial.open = _open
+
+from ltchiptool.__main__ import cli_entrypoint  # noqa: E402
+
+
+def port_argument(argv: list[str]) -> str | None:
+    for i, a in enumerate(argv):
+        if a in ("-d", "--device") and i + 1 < len(argv):
+            return argv[i + 1]
+        if a.startswith(("-d=", "--device=")):
+            return a.split("=", 1)[1]
+        if a.startswith("-d") and len(a) > 2:
+            return a[2:]
+    return None
+
+
+def boot_app(port: str) -> None:
+    s = serial.Serial(port=None)
+    s.port = port
+    s.dtr = False
+    s.rts = False
+    _orig_open(s)
+    s.rts = True
+    time.sleep(0.1)
+    s.rts = False
+    s.close()
+
+
+def main() -> int:
+    rc = 1
+    try:
+        result = cli_entrypoint.main(args=sys.argv[1:], standalone_mode=False)
+        rc = int(result) if isinstance(result, int) else 0
+    finally:
+        port = port_argument(sys.argv)
+        if not port:
+            print(
+                "[flash_rtl87xx_kit] no -d PORT given, the application was not booted",
+                file=sys.stderr,
+            )
+            if rc == 0:
+                rc = 2
+        else:
+            try:
+                boot_app(port)
+                print("[flash_rtl87xx_kit] application booted")
+            except (serial.SerialException, OSError) as err:
+                print(f"[flash_rtl87xx_kit] boot pulse failed: {err}", file=sys.stderr)
+                if rc == 0:
+                    rc = 2  # flashed, but the board is still in the ROM: press reset
+    return rc
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.exit(main())

.agents/skills/hardware-test/scripts/ports.py

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+"""List the boards on USB, or wait for one to enumerate.
+
+  ports.py                          table: port, vid:pid, product, serial number, guess
+  ports.py --wait 2e8a              print the first port with VID 0x2e8a once it appears (default 60 s)
+  ports.py --wait 1a86:7523 --timeout 30
+  ports.py --product "USB Serial"   first port whose USB product string matches (case-insensitive)
+  ports.py --wait 2e8a --serial SN  the port of one specific board, whatever name it comes back under
+  ports.py --serial-of PORT         print the USB serial number behind a port name
+
+Run with a Python that has pyserial (any ESPHome venv). Port names follow the hub port on macOS, so
+re-run this after every replug instead of trusting a name from an earlier session.
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import sys
+import time
+
+from serial.tools import list_ports
+
+GUESS = [
+    (
+        (0x1A86, 0x7523),
+        "CH340: D1 mini, BW15 kit, BK7238/CB3S or LN882H adapter; identify by the boot banner",
+    ),
+    ((0x1A86, 0x55D3), "CH343: ESP32-P4 devkit console"),
+    ((0x1A86, 0x55D4), "CH343: ESP32 devkit"),
+    ((0x1A86, None), "WCH CH34x USB serial bridge"),
+    ((0x10C4, 0xEA60), "CP2102: classic ESP32 devkit (esp32dev)"),
+    (
+        (0x303A, 0x1001),
+        "Espressif USB JTAG serial: S3/C3/C6/H2 native USB (logger hardware_uart USB_SERIAL_JTAG)",
+    ),
+    (
+        (0x2E8A, None),
+        "Raspberry Pi Pico W / Pico 2 W CDC; the port vanishes and comes back on every reboot",
+    ),
+    ((0x1915, 0x521F), "nRF52840 Dongle (PCA10059) in the Open DFU bootloader"),
+    (
+        (0x2FE3, 0x0100),
+        "nRF52840 Dongle running a Zephyr app; two CDC ports, ESPHome log on the second",
+    ),
+    ((0x1915, 0xCAFE), "Makerdiary nRF52840 MDK dongle running a Zephyr app"),
+    ((0x239A, None), "Adafruit style nRF52 board (UF2 bootloader family)"),
+]
+
+
+def guess(vid: int, pid: int) -> str:
+    for (gv, gp), text in GUESS:
+        if vid == gv and (gp is None or pid == gp):
+            return text
+    return ""
+
+
+def parse_id(text: str) -> tuple[int, int | None]:
+    vid, _, pid = text.partition(":")
+    return int(vid, 16), (int(pid, 16) if pid else None)
+
+
+def matches(
+    port, vid: int | None, pid: int | None, product: str | None, serial: str | None
+) -> bool:
+    if vid is not None and (port.vid != vid or (pid is not None and port.pid != pid)):
+        return False
+    if product and (port.product or "").lower() != product.lower():
+        return False
+    return not serial or (port.serial_number or "") == serial
+
+
+def main() -> int:
+    ap = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description=__doc__, formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter
+    )
+    ap.add_argument(
+        "--wait",
+        metavar="VID[:PID]",
+        help="block until a matching port appears, print it",
+    )
+    ap.add_argument("--product", help="USB product string to match")
+    ap.add_argument("--serial", help="USB serial number to match")
+    ap.add_argument(
+        "--serial-of", metavar="PORT", help="print the USB serial number of PORT"
+    )
+    ap.add_argument("--timeout", type=float, default=60)
+    args = ap.parse_args()
+
+    if args.serial_of:
+        for p in list_ports.comports():
+            if p.device == args.serial_of and p.serial_number:
+                print(p.serial_number)
+                return 0
+        print(f"no USB serial number for {args.serial_of}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 1
+
+    vid = pid = None
+    if args.wait:
+        vid, pid = parse_id(args.wait)
+
+    if args.wait or args.product or args.serial:
+        deadline = time.time() + args.timeout
+        while True:
+            for p in sorted(list_ports.comports(), key=lambda p: p.device):
+                if p.vid and matches(p, vid, pid, args.product, args.serial):
+                    print(p.device)
+                    return 0
+            if time.time() >= deadline:
+                print("no matching port", file=sys.stderr)
+                return 1
+            time.sleep(1)
+
+    rows = [p for p in list_ports.comports() if p.vid]
+    if not rows:
+        print("no USB serial ports")
+        return 1
+    for p in sorted(rows, key=lambda p: p.device):
+        print(
+            f"{p.device:32} {p.vid:04x}:{p.pid:04x}  {p.product or '?':34} "
+            f"{p.serial_number or '':18} {guess(p.vid, p.pid)}"
+        )
+    return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.exit(main())

.agents/skills/hardware-test/scripts/serial_capture.py

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+"""Bounded, timestamped serial capture that always exits and closes the port.
+
+  serial_capture.py PORT SECONDS OUTFILE [--baud 115200] [--released] [--reset] [--append]
+
+  default      open with DTR/RTS as pyserial leaves them (asserted); fine for ESP devkits and the Pico.
+  --released   drive DTR and RTS low before opening: the BW15 and BK7238 CH340 kits strap the boot pin
+               (DTR) and reset (RTS), so a plain open holds the chip in reset.
+  --reset      pulse reset after opening (DTR low, RTS high 100 ms, RTS low) to capture a fresh boot.
+  --baud       115200 by default; 74880 shows the ESP8266 ROM boot messages.
+  --append     keep what OUTFILE already holds; by default it is truncated so counts cover this run only.
+
+Exit status 1 when nothing was received (wrong port name, or a port another capture still holds).
+Text ESPHome marks as secret (LOG_SECRET, the Wi-Fi password) is written as <secret>.
+Lines are written as [HH:MM:SS]text with ANSI colour stripped and flushed one by one, so a shell
+loop can grep the file while the capture runs. If the port is missing or disappears (USB CDC boards
+re-enumerate on reboot) the script retries until the deadline, and follows the board by its USB serial
+number when it comes back under another device path.
+
+Never run an open-ended serial session: every capture has a deadline, and a flash on the same port
+needs the capture stopped first (pkill -f "[s]erial_capture.py" does not match the killing shell).
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import contextlib
+import pathlib
+import re
+import sys
+import time
+
+import serial
+from serial.tools import list_ports
+
+ANSI = re.compile(rb"\x1b\[[0-9;]*[A-Za-z]")
+# ESPHome's LOG_SECRET span (a Wi-Fi password); a span cut off before its end marker is secret to the end
+SECRET = re.compile(rb"\x1b\[8m.*?(?:\x1b\[28m|$)", re.DOTALL)
+PORT_ERRORS = (serial.SerialException, OSError)
+
+
+def identify(port: str) -> tuple[str | None, int]:
+    """USB serial number of the port and its position among that device's ports (a dongle has two)."""
+    ports = sorted(list_ports.comports(), key=lambda p: p.device)
+    serial_number = next((p.serial_number for p in ports if p.device == port), None)
+    siblings = [
+        p.device for p in ports if serial_number and p.serial_number == serial_number
+    ]
+    return serial_number, siblings.index(port) if port in siblings else 0
+
+
+def current_path(port: str, serial_number: str | None, index: int) -> str:
+    """The port's current device path: a USB CDC board can come back under a new name after a reboot."""
+    if serial_number:
+        ports = sorted(list_ports.comports(), key=lambda p: p.device)
+        siblings = [p.device for p in ports if p.serial_number == serial_number]
+        if index < len(siblings):
+            return siblings[index]
+    return port
+
+
+def open_port(args: argparse.Namespace, path: str) -> serial.Serial:
+    s = serial.Serial(port=None, baudrate=args.baud, timeout=0.2)
+    s.port = path
+    if args.released:
+        s.dtr = False
+        s.rts = False
+    s.open()
+    if args.reset:
+        try:
+            s.dtr = False
+            s.rts = True
+            time.sleep(0.1)
+            s.rts = False
+            s.reset_input_buffer()
+        except PORT_ERRORS:
+            s.close()
+            raise
+    return s
+
+
+def write_line(out, tag: bytes, data: bytes) -> None:
+    stamp = time.strftime("[%H:%M:%S]").encode()
+    out.write(stamp + tag + ANSI.sub(b"", SECRET.sub(b"<secret>", data)) + b"\n")
+    out.flush()
+
+
+def note(out, text: str) -> None:
+    write_line(out, b"[capture] ", text.encode())
+
+
+def capture(args: argparse.Namespace, out) -> int:
+    """Returns the number of bytes received."""
+    deadline = time.time() + args.seconds
+    buf = b""
+    s = None
+    received = 0
+    serial_number, index = None, 0
+    while time.time() < deadline:
+        if s is None:
+            path = current_path(args.port, serial_number, index)
+            try:
+                s = open_port(args, path)
+                args.reset = False  # only reset on the first open
+                if serial_number is None:
+                    serial_number, index = identify(path)
+                if path != args.port:
+                    note(out, f"reopened as {path}")
+            except PORT_ERRORS as err:
+                note(out, f"open failed: {err}")
+                time.sleep(1)
+                continue
+        try:
+            data = s.read(4096)
+        except PORT_ERRORS as err:
+            if buf:  # keep the cut-off line apart from the next boot's first line
+                write_line(out, b"[partial]", buf)
+                buf = b""
+            note(out, f"port lost: {err}")
+            with contextlib.suppress(*PORT_ERRORS):
+                s.close()
+            s = None
+            time.sleep(1)
+            continue
+        if not data:
+            continue
+        received += len(data)
+        buf += data
+        while b"\n" in buf:
+            line, buf = buf.split(b"\n", 1)
+            write_line(out, b"", line.rstrip(b"\r"))
+    if buf:
+        write_line(out, b"[partial]", buf)
+    if s is not None:
+        s.close()
+    return received
+
+
+def main() -> int:
+    ap = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description=__doc__, formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter
+    )
+    ap.add_argument("port")
+    ap.add_argument("seconds", type=float)
+    ap.add_argument("outfile")
+    ap.add_argument("--baud", type=int, default=115200)
+    ap.add_argument("--released", action="store_true")
+    ap.add_argument("--reset", action="store_true")
+    ap.add_argument("--append", action="store_true")
+    args = ap.parse_args()
+    with pathlib.Path(args.outfile).open("ab" if args.append else "wb") as out:
+        received = capture(args, out)
+    if received == 0:
+        print(f"[capture] nothing received from {args.port}", file=sys.stderr)
+        return 1
+    return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.exit(main())

.agents/skills/hardware-test/scripts/wifisave_hammer.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# wifisave_hammer.sh: the device under test (DUT) falls back to its AP; a client board joins it and posts
+# /wifisave repeatedly, then the real credentials. Compiles, flashes, captures both serial logs and
+# prints counts. Configs come from templates/example-dut.yaml and templates/example-client.yaml.
+#
+# Usage: wifisave_hammer.sh DUT_KIND DUT_PORT DUT_YAML DUT_TREE CLIENT_PORT CLIENT_YAML CLIENT_TREE [SETTLE_S]
+#   DUT_KIND    esp (esphome upload), pico (upload, then re-find the CDC port by USB serial number),
+#               bw15 (flash_rtl87xx_kit.py) or bk (flash_bk72xx.py)
+#   *_YAML      absolute path; the file name without .yaml must equal the config's `name`
+#   *_TREE      checkout or worktree whose esphome code must build that yaml (cwd for python -m esphome)
+#   SETTLE_S    seconds to keep capturing after the client reports the real save (default 40; BW15 wants 90)
+# Env: PY (python with esphome; default DUT_TREE/venv/bin/python, else python3 on PATH; an explicit PY must exist), LTPY
+#      (LibreTiny penv python with ltchiptool; default ~/.platformio/penv/.libretiny/bin/python)
+# Output next to each yaml: NAME-compile.log, NAME-upload.log, NAME-serial.log, NAME-capture.err, and DUT NAME-events.txt
+# (addresses redacted so the extract can go on a PR; the serial logs themselves stay local).
+# Exit status: 0 RESULT PASS (no crash marker or reboot after the AP came up, the device joined the network,
+# and real stimulus: saves answered and a cooldown exit); 3 RESULT FAIL (the counts show
+# a failure); 2 RESULT INVALID (a precondition or the stimulus was missed, or a capture did not last the run);
+# 1 when a build, flash or port step fails (nothing is reported).
+set -u
+SKILL=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")/.." && pwd)
+KIND=$1; DPORT=$2; DYAML=$3; DTREE=$4; CPORT=$5; CYAML=$6; CTREE=$7; SETTLE=${8:-40}
+if [ -n "${PY:-}" ]; then [ -x "$PY" ] || { echo "[hammer] FAILED: PY=$PY is not executable"; exit 1; }
+else PY=$DTREE/venv/bin/python; [ -x "$PY" ] || PY=$(command -v python3) || { echo "[hammer] FAILED: no python found, set PY"; exit 1; }; fi
+LTPY=${LTPY:-$HOME/.platformio/penv/.libretiny/bin/python}
+DDIR=$(dirname "$DYAML"); DNAME=$(basename "$DYAML" .yaml)
+CDIR=$(dirname "$CYAML"); CNAME=$(basename "$CYAML" .yaml)
+DLOG=$DDIR/$DNAME-serial.log; CLOG=$CDIR/$CNAME-serial.log
+INVALID=""
+AP_WAIT=120; UPLOAD_WAIT=300; SAVE_WAIT=240
+# Crash signatures (extended regex), not bare words: "aborting connection attempt" is a normal Wi-Fi retry line
+CRASH_RE='Panic |abort\(\)|Fatal exception|Exception \(|Guru Meditation|HardFault|Bus Fault|Backtrace:|Soft WDT reset|wdt reset|Brownout|rst cause:[24]'
+# Boot banners and port losses are counted apart: a Pico reboot shows as a port loss (and maybe a banner too),
+# while on a UART board a port loss comes from the adapter or the hub, not the chip
+BANNER_RE='Log initialized'; LOSS_RE='\[capture\] port lost'
+DUT_CAPTURE=$((AP_WAIT + UPLOAD_WAIT + SAVE_WAIT + SETTLE + 60)); CLIENT_CAPTURE=$((SAVE_WAIT + SETTLE + 60))
+
+bound() { local t=$1; shift; if command -v timeout >/dev/null; then timeout "$t" "$@"; else perl -e 'alarm shift; exec @ARGV' "$t" "$@"; fi; }
+count() { LC_ALL=C grep -a -c "$1" "$2"; }
+wait_for() { # wait_for FILE PATTERN SECONDS -> prints elapsed, status 1 on timeout
+  local n=0; until LC_ALL=C grep -a -q "$2" "$1"; do sleep 2; n=$((n+2)); [ $n -ge "$3" ] && { echo "$n"; return 1; }; done; echo "$n"; }
+# Only this run's captures: another capture on the host (a soak on a third board) must survive
+stop_tails() { pkill -f "[s]erial_capture.py $DPORT " 2>/dev/null; pkill -f "[s]erial_capture.py $CPORT " 2>/dev/null; sleep 1; }
+fail() { echo "[hammer] FAILED: $1"; stop_tails; exit 1; }
+port_never_opened() { # an open failure and no line that is not a capture note: the port, not the firmware
+  LC_ALL=C grep -a -q '\[capture\] open failed' "$1" && ! LC_ALL=C grep -a -q -v '^\[[0-9:]*\]\[capture\]' "$1"; }
+compile() { # compile YAML TREE
+  (cd "$2" && PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1 bound 1500 "$PY" -m esphome compile "$1" > "${1%.yaml}-compile.log" 2>&1); local rc=$?
+  echo "[hammer] compile $(basename "$1"): rc=$rc"; return $rc; }
+esp_upload() { # esp_upload YAML PORT TREE
+  (cd "$3" && bound $UPLOAD_WAIT "$PY" -m esphome upload "$1" --device "$2" > "${1%.yaml}-upload.log" 2>&1)
+  local ok; ok=$(count 'Successfully uploaded' "${1%.yaml}-upload.log"); echo "[hammer] upload $(basename "$1"): ok=$ok"; [ "$ok" -ge 1 ]; }
+
+stop_tails
+compile "$DYAML" "$DTREE" || fail "DUT build failed, see $DDIR/$DNAME-compile.log"
+compile "$CYAML" "$CTREE" || fail "client build failed, see $CDIR/$CNAME-compile.log"
+
+TAILOPT=""
+case $KIND in
+  esp) esp_upload "$DYAML" "$DPORT" "$DTREE" || fail "DUT upload failed" ;;
+  pico)
+    SN=$("$PY" "$SKILL/scripts/ports.py" --serial-of "$DPORT") || fail "no USB serial number for $DPORT"
+    esp_upload "$DYAML" "$DPORT" "$DTREE" || fail "DUT upload failed"
+    # The Pico drops its CDC port on reboot and may already be back: take whatever path this board has now;
+    # the capture follows the serial number if the path changes again
+    DPORT=$("$PY" "$SKILL/scripts/ports.py" --wait 2e8a --serial "$SN" --timeout 60) || fail "pico did not re-enumerate"
+    echo "[hammer] pico port after upload: $DPORT"; sleep 2 ;;
+  bw15|bk)
+    UF2=$(ls "$DDIR/.esphome/build/$DNAME/.pioenvs/$DNAME/"*.uf2 2>/dev/null | head -1)
+    [ -n "$UF2" ] || fail "no uf2 under $DDIR/.esphome/build/$DNAME"
+    echo "[hammer] uf2: ${UF2##*/}"
+    W=$SKILL/scripts/flash_rtl87xx_kit.py; [ "$KIND" = bk ] && W=$SKILL/scripts/flash_bk72xx.py
+    (cd "$DDIR" && bound 400 "$LTPY" "$W" flash write -d "$DPORT" "$UF2" > "$DDIR/$DNAME-upload.log" 2>&1); rc=$?
+    echo "[hammer] $KIND flash: rc=$rc"; [ $rc -eq 0 ] || fail "DUT flash failed, see $DDIR/$DNAME-upload.log"
+    TAILOPT="--released" ;;
+  *) echo "unknown DUT_KIND $KIND"; exit 1 ;;
+esac
+
+: > "$DLOG"; ("$PY" "$SKILL/scripts/serial_capture.py" "$DPORT" $DUT_CAPTURE "$DLOG" $TAILOPT 2> "${DLOG%-serial.log}-capture.err" &)
+if ! n=$(wait_for "$DLOG" "Captive portal\|Starting fallback AP" $AP_WAIT); then
+  [ -s "$DLOG" ] || fail "the DUT capture produced nothing (the capture itself failed), see ${DLOG%-serial.log}-capture.err"
+  port_never_opened "$DLOG" && fail "could not open $DPORT (held by another process, or the wrong port), see $DLOG"
+  fail "DUT never raised its AP within ${n}s, see $DLOG"
+fi
+echo "[hammer] DUT fallback AP after ${n}s"; sleep 2
+# reboots are counted from here; the first banner may predate the capture
+BANNER_BASE=$(count "$BANNER_RE" "$DLOG"); LOSS_BASE=$(count "$LOSS_RE" "$DLOG")
+
+esp_upload "$CYAML" "$CPORT" "$CTREE" || fail "client upload failed"
+: > "$CLOG"; ("$PY" "$SKILL/scripts/serial_capture.py" "$CPORT" $CLIENT_CAPTURE "$CLOG" 2> "${CLOG%-serial.log}-capture.err" &)
+if n=$(wait_for "$CLOG" "real save status\|posting the real" $SAVE_WAIT); then
+  echo "[hammer] client posted the real credentials after ${n}s; settling ${SETTLE}s"; sleep "$SETTLE"
+else
+  [ -s "$CLOG" ] || fail "the client capture produced nothing (the capture itself failed), see ${CLOG%-serial.log}-capture.err"
+  port_never_opened "$CLOG" && fail "could not open $CPORT (held by another process, or the wrong port), see $CLOG"
+  INVALID="client never reached the real save within ${n}s"; echo "[hammer] WARNING: $INVALID"
+fi
+
+# A verdict needs complete evidence: both captures must have lasted the run and logged no error of their own
+for spec in "$DPORT:${DLOG%-serial.log}-capture.err" "$CPORT:${CLOG%-serial.log}-capture.err"; do
+  port=${spec%%:*}; err=${spec#*:}
+  pgrep -f "[s]erial_capture.py $port " >/dev/null || INVALID="${INVALID:+$INVALID; }the capture on $port ended before the run did, see $err"
+  [ -s "$err" ] && INVALID="${INVALID:+$INVALID; }the capture on $port reported an error, see $err"
+done
+CRASHES=$(LC_ALL=C grep -a -c -E "$CRASH_RE" "$DLOG")
+BANNERS=$(( $(count "$BANNER_RE" "$DLOG") - BANNER_BASE )); LOSSES=$(( $(count "$LOSS_RE" "$DLOG") - LOSS_BASE ))
+if [ "$KIND" = pico ]; then
+  REBOOTS=$BANNERS; [ "$LOSSES" -gt "$REBOOTS" ] && REBOOTS=$LOSSES  # one reboot can show as both, so take the larger
+else
+  REBOOTS=$BANNERS; [ "$LOSSES" -gt 0 ] && INVALID="${INVALID:+$INVALID; }the DUT port dropped $LOSSES time(s) mid-run (adapter or hub, not the chip)"
+fi
+STA=$(LC_ALL=C grep -a 'IP Address:' "$DLOG" | grep -v -c '192\.168\.4\.'); REAL=$(LC_ALL=C grep -a -o 'real save status [-0-9]*' "$CLOG" | tail -1 | awk '{print $4}')
+SAVES=$(count 'Requested WiFi Settings Change' "$DLOG"); EXITS=$(count 'cooldown early' "$DLOG"); ANSWERED=$(count 'bogus save status 200' "$CLOG")
+echo "[hammer] $DNAME: saves requested $SAVES, cooldown exits $EXITS, crash markers $CRASHES, after the AP came up: boot banners $BANNERS, port losses $LOSSES, reboots $REBOOTS; STA addresses $STA"
+FAILED=$(count 'bogus save status -1' "$CLOG")
+echo "[hammer] $CNAME: bogus saves answered $ANSWERED, failed $FAILED, real save status ${REAL:-none}"
+# Only whole messages, matched where the message starts, so a credential line or an odd SSID never gets in
+LC_ALL=C grep -a -E "^\[[0-9:]+\](\[[A-Z]\]\[[a-z_]+:[0-9]+\]: *(Exiting cooldown early|Starting fallback AP|Captive portal|Requested WiFi Settings Change|Retry phase|Connected\$|IP Address: )|\[capture\] port lost|($CRASH_RE))" "$DLOG" | LC_ALL=C tr -cd '\11\12\15\40-\176' | sed -E 's/(IP Address: )[^ ]+/\1<redacted>/' | cut -c1-110 | head -80 > "$DDIR/$DNAME-events.txt"
+echo "[hammer] events: $DDIR/$DNAME-events.txt"
+stop_tails
+[ -z "$INVALID" ] || { echo "[hammer] RESULT INVALID: $INVALID"; exit 2; }
+# Provisioning is proven by the device joining the network; the client's answer to the real save can time
+# out because the device leaves the AP before replying, so its status is information only
+if [ "$CRASHES" -gt 0 ] || [ "$REBOOTS" -gt 0 ] || [ "$STA" -lt 1 ]; then
+  echo "[hammer] RESULT FAIL: crash markers $CRASHES, reboots $REBOOTS, STA addresses $STA, real save status ${REAL:-none}"; exit 3
+fi
+# A pass needs the stimulus the flow is about: at least half the configured bogus saves answered and one cooldown exit
+CONFIGURED=$(LC_ALL=C grep -a -E '^[[:space:]]*bogus_saves:' "$CYAML" | head -1 | tr -dc '0-9'); CONFIGURED=${CONFIGURED:-15}
+if [ "$EXITS" -lt 1 ] || [ $((ANSWERED * 2)) -lt "$CONFIGURED" ]; then
+  echo "[hammer] RESULT INVALID: insufficient stimulus (bogus saves answered $ANSWERED of $CONFIGURED, cooldown exits $EXITS)"; exit 2
+fi
+[ "$FAILED" -eq 0 ] || echo "[hammer] WARNING: $FAILED of $CONFIGURED bogus saves got no answer"
+echo "[hammer] RESULT PASS"; exit 0

.agents/skills/hardware-test/templates/client-wifisave.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+# Package for the client board: it joins the device under test's AP (priority 10), posts
+# `bogus_saves` bogus /wifisave requests `save_interval` apart, then posts the real credentials once.
+# Include from a per-run yaml that holds the platform block and the substitutions (example-client.yaml);
+# real_ssid and real_psk come from the scratch directory's secrets.yaml and must be URL safe.
+# Set bogus_saves to 1 for a plain provisioning check. Log lines the driver script counts:
+#   "bogus save N", "bogus save status 200", "posting the real credentials", "real save status 200"
+# The hammer is a single-mode script, so a reconnect to the AP (the device under test rebooted) does not
+# start a second series on top of the first.
+substitutions:
+  ap_password: hwtestpass
+  bogus_saves: "15"
+  save_interval: 3s
+  bogus_ssid: hwtest-no-such-network
+  bogus_psk: nosuchpassword
+
+esphome:
+  name: ${name}
+
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
+
+http_request:
+  id: http
+  verify_ssl: false
+  timeout: 10s
+
+wifi:
+  id: wifi_id
+  networks:
+    - ssid: ${ap_ssid}
+      password: ${ap_password}
+      priority: 10
+    - ssid: ${real_ssid}
+      password: ${real_psk}
+  on_connect:
+    - lambda: |-
+        char b[40];
+        ESP_LOGI("test", "connected, ip %s", id(wifi_id).get_ip_addresses()[0].str_to(b));
+    - if:
+        condition:
+          lambda: |-
+            char b[40];
+            return strncmp(id(wifi_id).get_ip_addresses()[0].str_to(b), "192.168.4.", 10) == 0;
+        then:
+          - script.execute: hammer
+
+script:
+  - id: hammer
+    mode: single
+    then:
+      - delay: 3s
+      - logger.log: "hammering /wifisave with bogus credentials"
+      - repeat:
+          count: ${bogus_saves}
+          then:
+            - lambda: ESP_LOGI("test", "bogus save %u", (unsigned) iteration + 1);
+            - http_request.get:
+                url: "http://192.168.4.1/wifisave?ssid=${bogus_ssid}&psk=${bogus_psk}"
+                capture_response: true
+                on_response:
+                  - lambda: ESP_LOGI("test", "bogus save status %d", response->status_code);
+                on_error:
+                  - lambda: ESP_LOGW("test", "bogus save status -1");
+            - delay: ${save_interval}
+      - logger.log: "posting the real credentials"
+      - http_request.get:
+          url: "http://192.168.4.1/wifisave?ssid=${real_ssid}&psk=${real_psk}"
+          capture_response: true
+          on_response:
+            - lambda: ESP_LOGI("test", "real save status %d", response->status_code);
+          on_error:
+            - lambda: ESP_LOGW("test", "real save status -1");
+
+interval:
+  - interval: 5s
+    then:
+      - lambda: ESP_LOGI("test", "alive %u s", (unsigned) (millis() / 1000));

.agents/skills/hardware-test/templates/dut-fallback-ap.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# Package for a device under test that never finds its network, falls back to its AP and serves the
+# captive portal. Include it from a per-run yaml that holds the platform block and the substitutions
+# (see example-dut.yaml). Bump `name` on every run: saved credentials are keyed by it, and a reused
+# name boots straight onto the real network and never raises the AP.
+substitutions:
+  ap_password: hwtestpass
+  ap_timeout: 15s
+  bogus_ssid: hwtest-no-such-network
+  bogus_psk: nosuchpassword
+
+esphome:
+  name: ${name}
+
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
+
+wifi:
+  networks:
+    - ssid: ${bogus_ssid}
+      password: ${bogus_psk}
+  ap:
+    ssid: ${ap_ssid}
+    password: ${ap_password}
+    ap_timeout: ${ap_timeout}
+
+captive_portal:
+
+interval:
+  - interval: 5s
+    then:
+      - lambda: ESP_LOGI("test", "alive %u s", (unsigned) (millis() / 1000));

.agents/skills/hardware-test/templates/example-client.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Client board for the /wifisave hammer. Copy into a scratch directory next to a secrets.yaml;
+# ap_ssid must match the device under test, real_ssid and real_psk must be URL safe.
+substitutions:
+  name: hwtest-client-1
+  ap_ssid: hwtest-ap
+  real_ssid: !secret wifi_ssid
+  real_psk: !secret wifi_password
+  bogus_saves: "15"
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+# esp8266: {board: d1_mini}
+
+packages:
+  hwtest: !include client-wifisave.yaml

.agents/skills/hardware-test/templates/example-dut.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# Device under test for the /wifisave hammer. Copy into a scratch directory, keep the file name equal
+# to `name`, pick one platform block, bump `name` every run.
+substitutions:
+  name: hwtest-dut-1
+  ap_ssid: hwtest-ap
+
+esp8266:
+  board: d1_mini
+
+# esp32: {board: esp32dev, framework: {type: esp-idf}}
+# rtl87xx: {board: bw15}
+# bk72xx: {board: generic-bk7238}   # plus logger: {hardware_uart: UART1}, BK72xx logs on UART2 by default
+# rp2040: {board: rpipico2w}
+
+packages:
+  hwtest: !include dut-fallback-ap.yaml

.github/actions/restore-python/action.yml

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ runs:
       # detects the activated venv via ``VIRTUAL_ENV`` so the venv layout
       # downstream jobs rely on is preserved.
       if: steps.cache-venv.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-      uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@c18668ad3cf93ea998bef934396af7bb5c839dc7 # v10.2.0
+      uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@1c37ad07a6a961277cf70c0d37d6f313000f5884 # v10.3.0
       with:
         enable-cache: true
         # Pull request saves land in per-PR scopes nothing else can

.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/reviews.js

@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ function generateReviewMessages(finalLabels, originalLabelCount, deprecatedInfo,
     let message = `${TOO_BIG_MARKER}\n### 📦 Pull Request Size\n\n`;
 
     message +=
-      `Hey @${prAuthor}, thanks for the contribution! Just a heads up, ` +
-      `this PR is on the large side `;
+      `Hey @${prAuthor}, thanks for the contribution. This PR is on the ` +
+      `large side `;
 
     if (tooManyLabels && tooManyChanges) {
       message +=
@@ -57,16 +57,31 @@ function generateReviewMessages(finalLabels, originalLabelCount, deprecatedInfo,
     }
 
     message += `, which makes it harder for maintainers to review.\n\n`;
+    let condition;
+    if (tooManyLabels && tooManyChanges) {
+      condition =
+        `is at most ${TOO_BIG_THRESHOLD} lines (excluding tests) and touches ` +
+        `at most ${MAX_LABELS} components/areas`;
+    } else if (tooManyLabels) {
+      condition = `touches at most ${MAX_LABELS} components/areas`;
+    } else {
+      condition = `is at most ${TOO_BIG_THRESHOLD} lines (excluding tests)`;
+    }
     message +=
-      `Smaller, focused PRs tend to be reviewed much faster since they ` +
-      `fit into the short gaps between other maintainer work; large ones ` +
-      `often have to wait for a rare long uninterrupted block of time. ` +
-      `If you can break this up into smaller pieces that can be reviewed ` +
-      `independently, it will almost certainly land faster overall.\n\n`;
+      `**This PR will not be reviewed until it ${condition}.** We know ` +
+      `that is not what you want to hear after this much work, and we want ` +
+      `to be upfront so you do not wait for a review that is not coming: ` +
+      `please split the change. The label is removed automatically once ` +
+      `the PR ${condition}.\n\n`;
     message +=
-      `Before putting more time in, it's also worth popping into ` +
-      `\`#devs\` on [Discord](https://esphome.io/chat) so we can help ` +
-      `you scope things and flag anything already in flight.\n\n`;
+      `There is no exception you can request. Rarely, a maintainer agrees in ` +
+      `\`#devs\` on [Discord](https://esphome.io/chat) to review a change that ` +
+      `genuinely cannot be split as one piece and adds the \`mega-pr\` label, ` +
+      `but that is rare enough that you should plan on splitting rather than ` +
+      `wait for it. Smaller, focused PRs are picked up much faster because ` +
+      `they fit into the short gaps between other maintainer work. For a new ` +
+      `component, the first PR brings the hub and a single platform (for ` +
+      `example \`sensor\`); each further platform is its own PR on top of it.\n\n`;
     message +=
       `For more details (including how to split the work up), see: ` +
       `https://developers.esphome.io/contributing/submitting-your-work/` +
@@ -214,6 +229,7 @@ async function handleMaintainerAccessComment(github, context, maintainerAccess)
 }
 
 module.exports = {
+  generateReviewMessages,
   handleReviews,
   handleMaintainerAccessComment
 };

.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/tests/reviews.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+const { describe, it } = require('node:test');
+const assert = require('node:assert/strict');
+const { generateReviewMessages } = require('../reviews');
+
+const MAX_LABELS = 15;
+const TOO_BIG_THRESHOLD = 1000;
+
+function tooBigMessage(labelCount, additions) {
+  const files = [{ filename: 'esphome/components/a/a.cpp', additions, deletions: 0 }];
+  const messages = generateReviewMessages(['too-big'], labelCount, null, files, additions, 0, 'someone', MAX_LABELS, TOO_BIG_THRESHOLD);
+  assert.equal(messages.length, 1);
+  return messages[0];
+}
+
+describe('too-big review message', () => {
+  it('names the line cap when the PR is too long', () => {
+    const message = tooBigMessage(3, 1500);
+    assert.match(message, /will not be reviewed until it is at most 1000 lines \(excluding tests\)\./);
+    assert.match(message, /removed automatically once the PR is at most 1000 lines/);
+    assert.doesNotMatch(message, /components\/areas\./);
+  });
+
+  it('names the area cap when the PR touches too many areas but is short', () => {
+    const message = tooBigMessage(20, 200);
+    assert.match(message, /will not be reviewed until it touches at most 15 components\/areas\./);
+    assert.doesNotMatch(message, /until it is at most 1000 lines/);
+  });
+
+  it('names both caps when both are exceeded', () => {
+    const message = tooBigMessage(20, 1500);
+    assert.match(message, /is at most 1000 lines \(excluding tests\) and touches at most 15 components\/areas\./);
+  });
+
+  it('tells new-component authors to bring one platform first', () => {
+    assert.match(tooBigMessage(3, 1500), /hub and a single platform/);
+    assert.match(tooBigMessage(3, 1500), /mega-pr/);
+  });
+});

.github/workflows/auto-label-pr.yml

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Generate a token
         id: generate-token
-        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@bcd2ba49218906704ab6c1aa796996da409d3eb1 # v3.2.0
+        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@64ab729a6294000f5aa4a4bc0b73d1f32bc45510 # v3.3.0
         with:
           client-id: ${{ vars.ESPHOME_GITHUB_APP_CLIENT_ID }}
           private-key: ${{ secrets.ESPHOME_GITHUB_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}

.github/workflows/ci-api-proto.yml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up uv
         # ``--system`` (below) installs into the setup-python interpreter;
         # no venv is created or restored by this workflow.
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@c18668ad3cf93ea998bef934396af7bb5c839dc7 # v10.2.0
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@1c37ad07a6a961277cf70c0d37d6f313000f5884 # v10.3.0
         with:
           enable-cache: true
           # Pull-request-only workflow: a save could never be shared and
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ jobs:
         run: git diff
       - if: failure()
         name: Archive artifacts
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@cf430e030ddbb5b0abf93d22962f4752f3646cd9 # v7.0.2
         with:
           name: generated-proto-files
           path: |

.github/workflows/ci-docker.yml

@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Upload compile-test image artifact
         if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-24.04' && matrix.build_type == 'docker'
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@cf430e030ddbb5b0abf93d22962f4752f3646cd9 # v7.0.2
         with:
           # The tar is already compressed, so upload it as-is. archive: false
           # skips the redundant zip and makes the file name the artifact name
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
       - name: Download image artifact
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@9000827ccba6bdab643e8b6fd33ac0654aef8333 # v8.0.2
         with:
           name: compile-test-image.tar.zst
       - name: Load image

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ jobs:
         # detects the activated venv via ``VIRTUAL_ENV`` so downstream jobs
         # that ``. venv/bin/activate`` see an identical layout.
         if: steps.cache-venv.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@c18668ad3cf93ea998bef934396af7bb5c839dc7 # v10.2.0
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@1c37ad07a6a961277cf70c0d37d6f313000f5884 # v10.3.0
         with:
           enable-cache: true
           # Pull request saves land in per-PR scopes nothing else can
@@ -81,8 +81,8 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install apt packages (cached)
         uses: awalsh128/cache-apt-pkgs-action@553a35bb8ebd9fcabcb1c9451aa4c98e1b4ca8a9 # v1.6.3
         with:
-          packages: libsdl2-dev ccache
-          version: 1.1
+          packages: libsdl2-dev libmbedtls-dev ccache
+          version: 1.2
 
   determine-jobs:
     name: Determine which jobs to run
@@ -395,6 +395,8 @@ jobs:
       - common
       - determine-jobs
     if: needs.determine-jobs.outputs.integration-tests == 'true'
+    # A hung test is failed by pytest's --timeout below; this bounds the rest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
@@ -415,8 +417,8 @@ jobs:
         timeout-minutes: 10
         uses: awalsh128/cache-apt-pkgs-action@553a35bb8ebd9fcabcb1c9451aa4c98e1b4ca8a9 # v1.6.3
         with:
-          packages: libsdl2-dev ccache
-          version: 1.1
+          packages: libsdl2-dev libmbedtls-dev ccache
+          version: 1.2
       - name: Set up Python 3.13
         id: python
         uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
@@ -438,7 +440,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up uv
         # Only needed on cache miss to populate the venv.
         if: steps.cache-venv.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@c18668ad3cf93ea998bef934396af7bb5c839dc7 # v10.2.0
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@1c37ad07a6a961277cf70c0d37d6f313000f5884 # v10.3.0
         with:
           enable-cache: true
           # Pull request saves land in per-PR scopes nothing else can
@@ -471,13 +473,14 @@ jobs:
             exit 1
           fi
           echo "Bucket ${{ matrix.bucket.name }}: running ${#test_files[@]} integration tests"
-          pytest -vv --no-cov --tb=native --durations=30 -n auto --dist worksteal \
+          # A hung test fails after 30 min: the 15 min shared build lock wait plus a cold compile
+          pytest -vv --no-cov --tb=native --durations=30 -n auto --dist worksteal --timeout=1800 \
             --junitxml=junit-integration.xml "${test_files[@]}"
       - name: Upload test artifacts
         # Tests that compare rendered output write the image they actually got here, so a
         # failure can be looked at without reproducing the whole build locally.
         if: failure()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@cf430e030ddbb5b0abf93d22962f4752f3646cd9 # v7.0.2
         with:
           name: integration-test-artifacts-${{ matrix.bucket.name }}
           path: test_artifacts/
@@ -488,7 +491,7 @@ jobs:
         # script/update_integration_test_durations.py; only full matrix dev
         # runs produce usable data.
         if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev' && needs.determine-jobs.outputs.integration-run-all == 'true'
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@cf430e030ddbb5b0abf93d22962f4752f3646cd9 # v7.0.2
         with:
           name: junit-integration-${{ strategy.job-index }}
           path: junit-integration.xml
@@ -528,7 +531,7 @@ jobs:
           script/check_import_time.py --check --har importtime.har
       - name: Upload waterfall HAR
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@cf430e030ddbb5b0abf93d22962f4752f3646cd9 # v7.0.2
         with:
           name: import-time-waterfall
           path: importtime.har
@@ -626,7 +629,7 @@ jobs:
             apt-get install -y libc6-dbg
 
       - name: Run CodSpeed benchmarks
-        uses: CodSpeedHQ/action@c4fd08a3a159bd0cc208da1e0edf32b8c47d75e5 # v5.4.0
+        uses: CodSpeedHQ/action@f842b9a3ffe213dbb81768fd7f7eeb4dfcf1c369 # v5.4.2
         with:
           run: |
             . venv/bin/activate
@@ -680,7 +683,7 @@ jobs:
         include:
           - id: clang-tidy
             name: Run script/clang-tidy for ESP8266
-            options: --environment esp8266-arduino-tidy --grep USE_ESP8266
+            options: --environment esp8266-arduino-tidy --grep USE_ESP8266 --grep USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP --grep USE_SHD_FIRMWARE_DATA
             pio_cache_key: tidyesp8266
           - id: clang-tidy
             name: Run script/clang-tidy for ESP32 Arduino
@@ -693,12 +696,16 @@ jobs:
             ignore_errors: false
           - id: clang-tidy
             name: Run script/clang-tidy for RP2
-            options: --environment rp2-tidy --grep USE_RP2
+            options: --environment rp2-tidy --grep USE_RP2 --grep USE_BLE_SCAN_RESPONSE_MERGER
             pio_cache_key: tidyrp2
+          - id: clang-tidy
+            name: Run script/clang-tidy for host
+            options: --environment host-tidy --grep USE_HOST
+            pio_cache_key: tidyhost
           - id: clang-tidy
             name: Run script/clang-tidy for LibreTiny
             environments: bk72xx-tidy ln882h-tidy rtl87xxb-tidy rtl87xxc-tidy
-            options: --grep USE_LIBRETINY --grep USE_BK72XX --grep USE_RTL87XX --grep USE_LN882X
+            options: --grep USE_LIBRETINY --grep USE_BK72XX --grep USE_RTL87XX --grep USE_LN882X --grep USE_LN882H_BLE --grep USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS
             pio_cache_key: tidylibretiny
 
     steps:
@@ -707,6 +714,16 @@ jobs:
         with:
           # Need history for HEAD~1 to work for checking changed files
           fetch-depth: 2
+      - name: Install apt packages (cached)
+        if: matrix.pio_cache_key == 'tidyhost'
+        # libsdl2-dev is needed by the sdl component on the host, libmbedtls-dev
+        # by dsmr and dlms_meter. Packages and version must match seed-apt-cache
+        # exactly.
+        timeout-minutes: 10
+        uses: awalsh128/cache-apt-pkgs-action@553a35bb8ebd9fcabcb1c9451aa4c98e1b4ca8a9 # v1.6.3
+        with:
+          packages: libsdl2-dev libmbedtls-dev ccache
+          version: 1.2
 
       - name: Restore Python
         id: restore-python
@@ -989,14 +1006,14 @@ jobs:
           - id: clang-tidy
             name: Run script/clang-tidy for ESP32 S3
             # yamllint disable-line rule:line-length
-            options: --environment esp32s3-idf-tidy --grep SOC_TEMP_SENSOR_SUPPORTED --grep USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3 --grep USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC
+            options: --environment esp32s3-idf-tidy --grep SOC_TEMP_SENSOR_SUPPORTED --grep USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3 --grep USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC --grep SOC_I2S_SUPPORTS_TDM --grep USE_OPENTHREAD
             tidy_environment: esp32s3-idf-tidy
           - id: clang-tidy
             name: Run script/clang-tidy for ESP32 P4
             # P4 has no native Wi-Fi/BLE; those run over the hosted co-processor,
             # so their code paths differ -- lint them under the P4 build too.
             # yamllint disable-line rule:line-length
-            options: --environment esp32p4-idf-tidy --grep USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4 --grep USE_ESP32_HOSTED --grep USE_WIFI --grep USE_BLE
+            options: --environment esp32p4-idf-tidy --grep USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4 --grep CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32P4 --grep USE_ESP32_HOSTED --grep USE_WIFI --grep USE_BLE
             tidy_environment: esp32p4-idf-tidy
           - id: clang-tidy
             name: Run script/clang-tidy for ESP32 C6
@@ -1102,8 +1119,8 @@ jobs:
         timeout-minutes: 10
         uses: awalsh128/cache-apt-pkgs-action@553a35bb8ebd9fcabcb1c9451aa4c98e1b4ca8a9 # v1.6.3
         with:
-          packages: libsdl2-dev ccache
-          version: 1.1
+          packages: libsdl2-dev libmbedtls-dev ccache
+          version: 1.2
 
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
         uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
@@ -1335,6 +1352,91 @@ jobs:
           # config first, so a separate config pass is redundant.
           python3 script/test_build_components.py -e compile -t esp8266-ard -c "$TEST_COMPONENTS" -f --toolchain arduino --fail-on-no-tests
 
+  test-esp8266-native-windows:
+    name: Compile esp8266 with the native toolchain on Windows (ccache ${{ matrix.ccache }})
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    needs:
+      - common
+      - determine-jobs
+    if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && needs.determine-jobs.outputs.esp8266-native == 'true'
+    # A hung compiler must fail the job, not hold the runner for six hours.
+    timeout-minutes: 40
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        # Both ways the build runs on Windows: ESPHome Desktop bundles
+        # ccache and puts it on PATH, a pip install has none.
+        ccache: ["1", "0"]
+    env:
+      ESPHOME_CCACHE_ENABLE: ${{ matrix.ccache }}
+      # The test script prints characters the cp1252 console cannot encode
+      PYTHONUTF8: "1"
+      # The exact static build ESPHome Desktop ships
+      CCACHE_URL: https://github.com/ccache/ccache/releases/download/v4.14/ccache-4.14-windows-x86_64.zip
+      CCACHE_SHA256: 2568347a697e103ca1b073981c704ad76fb2507d066c38dba038dd73399d968f
+    steps:
+      - name: Check out code from GitHub
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+
+      - name: Restore Python
+        uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
+          cache-key: ${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
+
+      - name: Install ccache
+        if: matrix.ccache == '1'
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $dir = Join-Path $env:RUNNER_TEMP "ccache"
+          New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force $dir | Out-Null
+          $zip = Join-Path $dir "ccache.zip"
+          Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $env:CCACHE_URL -OutFile $zip
+          $hash = (Get-FileHash $zip -Algorithm SHA256).Hash.ToLower()
+          if ($hash -ne $env:CCACHE_SHA256) {
+            Write-Host "::error::ccache archive sha256 $hash does not match $env:CCACHE_SHA256"
+            exit 1
+          }
+          Expand-Archive -Path $zip -DestinationPath $dir
+          $bin = Get-ChildItem -Path $dir -Recurse -Filter ccache.exe | Select-Object -First 1
+          Add-Content -Path $env:GITHUB_PATH -Value $bin.DirectoryName
+          & $bin.FullName --version
+
+      - name: Compile
+        shell: pwsh
+        # One component test: web_server brings wifi, api and the async web
+        # server libraries, the shape of a typical ESP8266 device
+        run: |
+          . .\venv\Scripts\Activate.ps1
+          $arguments = "script/test_build_components.py", "-e", "compile", "-t", "esp8266-ard", "-c", "web_server", "--base-only", "--toolchain", "arduino", "--fail-on-no-tests"
+          $p = Start-Process -FilePath python -ArgumentList $arguments -NoNewWindow -PassThru
+          # Reading the handle keeps ExitCode available after the process exits
+          $null = $p.Handle
+          if (-not $p.WaitForExit(25 * 60 * 1000)) {
+            Write-Host "::error::The compile did not finish in 25 minutes; processes still running:"
+            Get-CimInstance Win32_Process |
+              Where-Object { $_.CommandLine -match 'xtensa|ccache|ninja|esphome' } |
+              Select-Object ProcessId, ParentProcessId, CreationDate, CommandLine |
+              Format-List | Out-String -Width 4096 | Write-Host
+            Get-Process |
+              Where-Object { $_.Name -match 'cc1|ccache|ninja|xtensa|python' } |
+              Select-Object Id, Name, CPU, WorkingSet64 |
+              Format-Table | Out-String | Write-Host
+            taskkill /PID $p.Id /T /F
+            exit 1
+          }
+          exit $p.ExitCode
+
+      - name: Show ccache statistics
+        # Also after a failed or killed compile: the counters say whether
+        # ccache was ever reached
+        if: always() && matrix.ccache == '1'
+        shell: pwsh
+        # The build keeps its store under the esphome tools cache
+        run: |
+          $env:CCACHE_DIR = Join-Path $env:LOCALAPPDATA "esphome\Cache\arduino8266\ccache"
+          ccache -s
+
   device-builder:
     name: Test downstream esphome/device-builder
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
@@ -1363,7 +1465,7 @@ jobs:
         # install step (order-of-magnitude faster on cold boots,
         # with its own wheel cache). actions/setup-python still
         # provides the interpreter.
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@c18668ad3cf93ea998bef934396af7bb5c839dc7 # v10.2.0
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@1c37ad07a6a961277cf70c0d37d6f313000f5884 # v10.3.0
         with:
           enable-cache: true
           # Pull request saves land in per-PR scopes nothing else can
@@ -1562,7 +1664,7 @@ jobs:
           fi
 
       - name: Upload memory analysis JSON
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@cf430e030ddbb5b0abf93d22962f4752f3646cd9 # v7.0.2
         with:
           name: memory-analysis-target
           path: memory-analysis-target.json
@@ -1625,7 +1727,7 @@ jobs:
             --platform "$platform"
 
       - name: Upload memory analysis JSON
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@cf430e030ddbb5b0abf93d22962f4752f3646cd9 # v7.0.2
         with:
           name: memory-analysis-pr
           path: memory-analysis-pr.json
@@ -1655,13 +1757,13 @@ jobs:
           python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
           cache-key: ${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
       - name: Download target analysis JSON
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@9000827ccba6bdab643e8b6fd33ac0654aef8333 # v8.0.2
         with:
           name: memory-analysis-target
           path: ./memory-analysis
         continue-on-error: true
       - name: Download PR analysis JSON
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@9000827ccba6bdab643e8b6fd33ac0654aef8333 # v8.0.2
         with:
           name: memory-analysis-pr
           path: ./memory-analysis
@@ -1705,6 +1807,7 @@ jobs:
       - test-build-components-split
       - test-esp32-platformio
       - test-esp8266-native
+      - test-esp8266-native-windows
       - device-builder
       - memory-impact-target-branch
       - memory-impact-pr-branch

.github/workflows/codeowner-review-request.yml

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Generate a token
         id: generate-token
-        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@bcd2ba49218906704ab6c1aa796996da409d3eb1 # v3.2.0
+        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@64ab729a6294000f5aa4a4bc0b73d1f32bc45510 # v3.3.0
         with:
           client-id: ${{ vars.ESPHOME_GITHUB_APP_CLIENT_ID }}
           private-key: ${{ secrets.ESPHOME_GITHUB_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}

.github/workflows/codeql.yml

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ jobs:
 
       # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
       - name: Initialize CodeQL
-        uses: github/codeql-action/init@2892aa5e19bbd11bc0cff5427e3b750a04d9e3c2 # v4.38.2
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@24c54180a607b1449ed407dd24f251e4e9147c8d # v4.38.3
         with:
           languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
           build-mode: ${{ matrix.build-mode }}
@@ -84,6 +84,6 @@ jobs:
           exit 1
 
       - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@2892aa5e19bbd11bc0cff5427e3b750a04d9e3c2 # v4.38.2
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@24c54180a607b1449ed407dd24f251e4e9147c8d # v4.38.3
         with:
           category: "/language:${{matrix.language}}"

.github/workflows/external-component-bot.yml

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Generate a token
         id: generate-token
-        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@bcd2ba49218906704ab6c1aa796996da409d3eb1 # v3.2.0
+        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@64ab729a6294000f5aa4a4bc0b73d1f32bc45510 # v3.3.0
         with:
           client-id: ${{ vars.ESPHOME_GITHUB_APP_CLIENT_ID }}
           private-key: ${{ secrets.ESPHOME_GITHUB_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ jobs:
       #     version: ${{ needs.init.outputs.tag }}
 
       - name: Upload digests
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7.0.1
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@cf430e030ddbb5b0abf93d22962f4752f3646cd9 # v7.0.2
         with:
           name: digests-${{ matrix.platform.arch }}
           path: /tmp/digests
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
 
       - name: Download digests
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@9000827ccba6bdab643e8b6fd33ac0654aef8333 # v8.0.2
         with:
           pattern: digests-*
           path: /tmp/digests
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Generate a token
         id: generate-token
-        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@bcd2ba49218906704ab6c1aa796996da409d3eb1 # v3.2.0
+        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@64ab729a6294000f5aa4a4bc0b73d1f32bc45510 # v3.3.0
         with:
           client-id: ${{ vars.ESPHOME_GITHUB_APP_CLIENT_ID }}
           private-key: ${{ secrets.ESPHOME_GITHUB_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}

.github/workflows/stale.yml

@@ -16,16 +16,18 @@ jobs:
     # No GITHUB_TOKEN permissions: the reusable workflow mints an ESPHome
     # GitHub App token so the labels, comments and closures come from
     # esphome[bot] instead of github-actions[bot].
-    uses: esphome/workflows/.github/workflows/stale.yml@cc3e76de337dc59bc1cba8da58d963cd23b873f1  # main
+    uses: esphome/workflows/.github/workflows/stale.yml@4fbce13026c393d6eb6b247e394dcd9ef1af76c2  # main
     secrets:
       ESPHOME_GITHUB_APP_PRIVATE_KEY: ${{ secrets.ESPHOME_GITHUB_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}
     with:
       # Live only on dev: a workflow_dispatch from any other branch is a dry run
       dry-run: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/dev' }}
       days-before-stale: 90
+      days-before-stale-conflicting: 30
       days-before-close: 7
       stale-label: stale
       exempt-label: not-stale
+      conflict-label: has-conflicts
       ignored-users: esphbot,codecov-commenter
       stale-pr-message: >
         There hasn't been any activity on this pull request recently. This
@@ -36,6 +38,18 @@ jobs:
         to keep it open. Also, please merge the latest dev branch into your
         branch to ensure that it's up to date with the latest changes.
 
+        Thank you for your contribution!
+      conflict-pr-message: >
+        This pull request has merge conflicts. Please merge the latest dev
+        branch into your branch to resolve them.
+      stale-conflicting-pr-message: >
+        The merge conflicts on this pull request have not been resolved for
+        30 days, so it has been marked as stale and will be closed if they
+        are not resolved within 7 days.
+
+        Please merge the latest dev branch into your branch. Once the pull
+        request is mergeable again the stale label is removed.
+
         Thank you for your contribution!
       stale-issue-message: >
         There hasn't been any activity on this issue recently. Due to the

.github/workflows/sync-dependency-versions.yml

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Generate a token
         id: generate-token
-        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@bcd2ba49218906704ab6c1aa796996da409d3eb1 # v3.2.0
+        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@64ab729a6294000f5aa4a4bc0b73d1f32bc45510 # v3.3.0
         with:
           client-id: ${{ vars.ESPHOME_GITHUB_APP_CLIENT_ID }}
           private-key: ${{ secrets.ESPHOME_GITHUB_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}

.github/workflows/sync-device-classes.yml

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Generate a token
         id: generate-token
-        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@bcd2ba49218906704ab6c1aa796996da409d3eb1 # v3.2.0
+        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@64ab729a6294000f5aa4a4bc0b73d1f32bc45510 # v3.3.0
         with:
           client-id: ${{ vars.ESPHOME_GITHUB_APP_CLIENT_ID }}
           private-key: ${{ secrets.ESPHOME_GITHUB_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ jobs:
         # setup-python interpreter so subsequent ``prek`` /
         # ``script/run-in-env.py`` steps find the deps without a
         # ``uv run`` prefix.
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@c18668ad3cf93ea998bef934396af7bb5c839dc7 # v10.2.0
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@1c37ad07a6a961277cf70c0d37d6f313000f5884 # v10.3.0
         with:
           enable-cache: true
           # Pin uv version so the action does not have to fetch the

.github/workflows/sync-integration-durations.yml

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Generate a token
         id: generate-token
-        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@bcd2ba49218906704ab6c1aa796996da409d3eb1 # v3.2.0
+        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@64ab729a6294000f5aa4a4bc0b73d1f32bc45510 # v3.3.0
         with:
           client-id: ${{ vars.ESPHOME_GITHUB_APP_CLIENT_ID }}
           private-key: ${{ secrets.ESPHOME_GITHUB_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ ci:
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
     # Ruff version.
-    rev: v0.16.10
+    rev: v0.17.0
     hooks:
       # Run the linter.
       - id: ruff
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ repos:
       - id: end-of-file-fixer
       - id: trailing-whitespace
   - repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
-    rev: v3.21.2
+    rev: v3.22.0
     hooks:
       - id: pyupgrade
         args: [--py312-plus]

AGENTS.md

@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ file does, and it is the authority when they disagree. The most useful starting
         - Function-local constants: `lower_snake_case`
         - Protected/private fields: `lower_snake_case_with_trailing_underscore_`
         - Favor descriptive names over abbreviations
+        - Device components are named brand plus model (`siemens_ira211`), without a protocol-family prefix
         - Enumerator names: prefix every value of an `enum class` with the enum name converted to
           `UPPER_SNAKE_CASE` (e.g. `UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_SUCCESS`). Never use bare
           names like `SUCCESS`, `FAILURE`, `OK`, or `FAIL`: platform SDK headers define macros with
@@ -143,6 +144,9 @@ file does, and it is the authority when they disagree. The most useful starting
 
 *   **C++ Preprocessor Directives:**
     *   **Avoid `#define` for constants:** Using `#define` for constants is discouraged and should be replaced with `const` variables or enums.
+    *   **A constant with a compile-time initializer is `static constexpr`,** not `static const`, at namespace scope
+        and inside functions; `static const` is only for a value computed at run time. A function-local
+        `static constexpr` table is a static constant to clang-tidy, so it is `UPPER_SNAKE_CASE` too.
     *   **Use `#define` only for:**
         - Conditional compilation (`#ifdef`, `#ifndef`)
         - Compile-time sizes calculated during Python code generation (e.g., configuring `std::array` or `StaticVector` dimensions via `cg.add_define()`)
@@ -177,6 +181,8 @@ file does, and it is the authority when they disagree. The most useful starting
         Pick the primitive by cadence: under 250 ms use a gated `loop()`; 500 ms and above use
         `set_interval`. Full reasoning, including why `set_interval` costs more below 500 ms:
         https://developers.esphome.io/architecture/components/advanced/#quick-rule-of-thumb
+    *   **Repeating work:** use `set_interval`, never a `set_timeout` that re-arms itself; every re-arm
+        rebuilds the callback and re-queues a scheduler item, and the period drifts.
     *   **Scheduler ids:** name a timer only when it must be cancelled or replaced, and use a
         `static constexpr uint32_t` id, never a string. Ids are per component instance and cannot clash with other
         components, so number them from 0 and keep all of a component's ids together in one place.
@@ -191,6 +197,45 @@ file does, and it is the authority when they disagree. The most useful starting
         // Bad - this is exactly what the base class already does
         float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::DATA; }
         ```
+    *   **Constant data lives in RAM on ESP8266** unless marked `PROGMEM`: `const` tables, class-scope
+        constant arrays, and in-class `std::array` initializers (a `.rodata` template plus a copy). Mark the
+        table `PROGMEM` and read it with `progmem_memcpy()` or `progmem_read_byte()` (`esphome/core/hal.h`);
+        for a table of structs copy the whole entry out and return the copy, never a pointer into flash.
+        On other platforms they are a plain `memcpy` and dereference, so no `#ifdef` is needed. Declare log tags with
+        `ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "name")`, pass status text as `LOG_STR`, e.g.
+        `this->mark_failed(LOG_STR(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL))`, and give an action whose payload is a byte array
+        a `TEMPLATABLE_BYTES` field so a static code stays in flash.
+    *   **Fixed sets of names** (status words, model names): a `PROGMEM_STRING_TABLE` (`esphome/core/progmem.h`),
+        logged with `get_log_str` and `LOG_STR_ARG`, copied out with `ESPHOME_strncpy_P` before `publish_state`.
+        A `dump_config` helper that picks a name returns `const LogString *` from `LOG_STR(...)`.
+    *   **CRCs and bit tricks** come from `esphome/core/helpers.h` (`crc8`, `crc16`, `reverse_bits`, `encode_uint16`);
+        pick the helper's polynomial and bit-order arguments instead of writing a CRC loop.
+    *   **An unset float is `NAN`**, not `optional<float>`; the optional costs 4 to 8 bytes of padding per member.
+    *   **`PollingComponent` first runs `update()`** after a random share of the interval; call `this->update()` at the
+        end of `setup()` when the entities need a state at boot.
+    *   **A multi-step command sequence** leaves the step pending when the answer is malformed, so the existing
+        resend and give-up logic handles it; never advance on an answer that was only logged.
+    *   **Entities that each watch a register field:** one class taking register, shift, mask and match from a Python
+        tuple table, in typed `StaticVector`s sized by `cg.slot_counter`; not a template per bit, not a virtual
+        listener base (a second vptr per entity).
+    *   **A global feature define** says the code is compiled in, not that this instance uses it: keep the
+        per-instance check (`if (this->aux_device_ == ...)`) inside the `#ifdef`.
+    *   **Model-specific code** sits behind a define the Python side emits only for configs that use that model
+        (`cg.add_define("USE_SELEC_METER_EM4M")`), so the other models' builds leave it out; the runtime model check
+        stays inside the `#ifdef`.
+    *   **Failures after `setup()`:** `mark_failed()` is for `setup()` only. A runtime read or write failure
+        sets `status_set_warning()` and the next success clears it; writes skip work when `is_failed()`.
+    *   **`dump_config()` already prints the failure reason:** for a failed component, core prints
+        `<component> is marked FAILED: <reason>` right after the component's `dump_config()`, using the reason
+        passed to `mark_failed()`. So `dump_config()` never checks `is_failed()` to log a failure, and no
+        `error_code_` member exists only to pick that message. Pass the reason where setup fails instead:
+        `this->mark_failed(LOG_STR(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL))` for a failed bus transfer, a short specific reason
+        otherwise (`LOG_STR("Wrong chip ID")`). Core also logs it at that moment, so no `ESP_LOGE` repeats it
+        before `mark_failed()`; keep a separate line only when it prints a value read at run time, such as the
+        chip ID that did not match. Only the first reason is kept, so do not call `status_set_error()` before
+        `mark_failed()` and do not mark the component failed again after a helper already did.
+    *   **Fixed platform facts compile to nothing:** gate on `#ifdef USE_ESP8266` and friends, not on a
+        runtime check of something the build already knows.
     *   **Logging string literals:** wrap literals passed as `%s` arguments in `LOG_STR_LITERAL()` so they
         can be stored in flash rather than RAM.
         ```cpp
@@ -242,7 +287,8 @@ file does, and it is the authority when they disagree. The most useful starting
           `from esphome.components.my_component import DOMAIN`. Keep it in alphabetical order with the other
           metadata constants. CI (`lint_component_domain`) fails without it.
         - `DEPENDENCIES`: List of required components
-        - `AUTO_LOAD`: Components to automatically load
+        - `AUTO_LOAD`: Components to automatically load. Not a way to put entities under the component's
+          own key; see "Entities of a hub" below.
         - `CONFLICTS_WITH`: Incompatible components
         - `CODEOWNERS`: GitHub usernames responsible for maintenance
         - `MULTI_CONF`: Whether multiple instances are allowed
@@ -334,6 +380,26 @@ file does, and it is the authority when they disagree. The most useful starting
               var = await switch.new_switch(config)
           ```
 
+        - **Entities of a hub:** a new component's entities go in platform files (`sensor.py`,
+          `binary_sensor.py`, ...) that take the hub's id, never under the hub's own key with their platforms
+          added to `AUTO_LOAD` to make that work. Auto loading a platform because the C++ uses its type is
+          fine. See https://developers.esphome.io/architecture/components/#exposing-multiple-entities.
+          ```yaml
+          # Bad - entities under the hub's key
+          my_hub:
+            connected:
+              name: Connected
+
+          # Good - the hub, then one platform entry that holds its entities
+          my_hub:
+            id: hub1
+          binary_sensor:
+            - platform: my_hub
+              my_hub_id: hub1  # optional with a single hub
+              connected:
+                name: Connected
+          ```
+
         - **Optional child entities of a hub:** bind the config once with `sensor.sub_sensors(config)` (or
           `sub_binary_sensors`, `sub_text_sensors`, `sub_buttons`, `sub_switches`, `sub_numbers`,
           `sub_selects` in their domains), adding `parent=hub` for entities that derive from `Parented<T>`,
@@ -344,15 +410,25 @@ file does, and it is the authority when they disagree. The most useful starting
           itself, `hub` for one fetched with `cg.get_variable`) so the calls fit on one line. Loops whose
           setter also takes an index, such as `set_gate_threshold(x, n)`, stay as they are.
           ```python
+          # my_hub/sensor.py
           async def to_code(config):
-              var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+              hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MY_HUB_ID])
               sensors = sensor.sub_sensors(config)
-              await sensors(CONF_TEMPERATURE, var.set_temperature_sensor)
-              await sensors(CONF_HUMIDITY, var.set_humidity_sensor)
-              buttons = button.sub_buttons(config, parent=var)
-              await buttons(CONF_RESTART, var.set_restart_button)
+              await sensors(CONF_TEMPERATURE, hub.set_temperature_sensor)
+              await sensors(CONF_HUMIDITY, hub.set_humidity_sensor)
+
+
+          # my_hub/button.py
+          async def to_code(config):
+              hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MY_HUB_ID])
+              buttons = button.sub_buttons(config, parent=hub)
+              await buttons(CONF_RESTART, hub.set_restart_button)
           ```
 
+        - **Pins and referenced components:** set them with `await cg.add_pin(var.set_cs_pin, config[CONF_CS_PIN])`
+          and `await cg.add_variable(var.set_bus, config[CONF_BUS_ID])`; both skip a `None` value, so pass
+          `config.get(KEY)` for an optional key, and return what they created. Use `cg.register_parented` for `set_parent`.
+
 *   **Automations (Triggers, Actions, Conditions):**
 
     Automations have three building blocks: **Triggers** (fire when something happens), **Actions** (do something), and **Conditions** (check if something is true).
@@ -534,8 +610,12 @@ file does, and it is the authority when they disagree. The most useful starting
         `cover.is_open`, `rtttl.is_playing` and `component.is_idle` are in-tree examples.
 
 *   **Type Hints:** Type-hint all function signatures, including test functions and config validators (e.g. `def validate_x(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:`, `def test_x() -> None:`). Import `ConfigType` from `esphome.types`.
+    An intentionally empty body (an unused `register_dumper` builder, for example) gets a one-line docstring, not `pass`.
 
 *   **Configuration Validation:**
+    *   **One schema per model:** when a component's options depend on a `model` key, use `cv.typed_schema({...},
+        key=CONF_MODEL, default_type=...)` with each model's own keys and defaults, not one schema plus a validator
+        that rejects keys and fills defaults afterwards.
     *   **Reuse existing validators:** Before writing a custom validator, check for an existing one in `config_validation.py` and compose it in `cv.All(...)` rather than duplicating logic across components. For example, rename a config key with `cv.rename_key(CONF_OLD, CONF_NEW, removed_in="2026.6.0")`, and reject mutually-exclusive keys with `cv.has_at_most_one_key(...)` / `cv.has_exactly_one_key(...)`. See how `api` composes `cv.has_exactly_one_key` + `cv.rename_key`.
     *   **Common Validators:** `cv.int_`, `cv.float_`, `cv.string`, `cv.boolean`, `cv.int_range(min=0, max=100)`, `cv.positive_int`, `cv.percentage`.
     *   **Complex Validation:** `cv.All(cv.string, cv.Length(min=1, max=50))`, `cv.Any(cv.int_, cv.string)`.
@@ -569,6 +649,18 @@ file does, and it is the authority when they disagree. The most useful starting
 *   **Testing:**
     *   **Python:** Run unit tests with `pytest`.
     *   **C++:** Use `clang-tidy` for static analysis.
+    *   **C++ unit tests:** gtests in `tests/components/<component>/*.cpp`, run with
+        `script/cpp_unit_test.py <component>`; see `tests/components/README.md`. Set the loop clock in a test
+        with `LoopBlockingGuard{nullptr, nullptr, now_ms}`; the runner resets it before every test.
+    *   **Integration tests:** `tests/integration/` runs real firmware on the host. Serial components prove
+        timeouts and recovery with the `uart_mock` fixture (`tests/integration/test_uart_mock_*.py`). Its
+        `responses` match on content every time they see it; to answer a repeated request differently, use an
+        `on_tx` lambda with a static counter and `inject_to_rx_buffer` (see `uart_mock_ld2412_requery_after_giveup.yaml`).
+    *   **Keep build-test variants few:** one `test.<platform>.yaml` per platform the code actually differs
+        on. A variant per board for platform-identical code only adds CI time.
+    *   **A test that needs a shared component in a particular state** (`esp32_ble` security settings, an option
+        that PSRAM rejects) cannot be grouped: the merged block wins and the whole batch fails. Add the component to
+        `ISOLATED_COMPONENTS` in `script/analyze_component_buses.py`, or move the option to a `test-<variant>` file.
     *   **Component Tests:** YAML-based compilation tests are located in `tests/`. The structure is as follows:
         ```
         tests/
@@ -615,6 +707,7 @@ file does, and it is the authority when they disagree. The most useful starting
             name: My Sensor
         ```
         Components that define buses directly are flagged as "NEEDS MIGRATION" and cannot be grouped, increasing CI build time.
+        `!extend` and `!remove` in a `test.*.yaml` also make the component ungroupable; add a standalone entity with its own id instead.
 
     *   **Testing All Components Together:** To verify that all components can be tested together without ID conflicts or configuration issues, use:
         ```bash

CODEOWNERS

@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@ esphome/components/airthings_ble/* @jeromelaban
 esphome/components/airthings_wave_base/* @jeromelaban @ncareau
 esphome/components/airthings_wave_mini/* @ncareau
 esphome/components/airthings_wave_plus/* @jeromelaban @precurse
+esphome/components/airton/* @Procsiab
+esphome/components/airton/select/* @Procsiab
+esphome/components/airton/switch/* @Procsiab
 esphome/components/alarm_control_panel/* @grahambrown11 @hwstar
 esphome/components/alpha3/* @jan-hofmeier
 esphome/components/am2315c/* @swoboda1337
@@ -39,12 +42,17 @@ esphome/components/am43/sensor/* @buxtronix
 esphome/components/analog_threshold/* @ianchi
 esphome/components/animation/* @syndlex
 esphome/components/anova/* @buxtronix
+esphome/components/apc1/* @ademuri
+esphome/components/apc_proteous/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/apds9306/* @aodrenah
+esphome/components/apds9930/* @iyesin
 esphome/components/api/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/aqi/* @freekode @jasstrong @ximex
+esphome/components/aranet/* @patrickod
 esphome/components/as5600/* @ammmze
 esphome/components/as5600/sensor/* @ammmze
 esphome/components/as7341/* @mrgnr
+esphome/components/as734x/* @latonita @mrgnr
 esphome/components/async_tcp/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/at581x/* @X-Ryl669
 esphome/components/atc_mithermometer/* @ahpohl
@@ -65,6 +73,7 @@ esphome/components/bedjet/climate/* @jhansche
 esphome/components/bedjet/fan/* @jhansche
 esphome/components/bedjet/sensor/* @javawizard @jhansche
 esphome/components/beken_spi_led_strip/* @Mat931
+esphome/components/bh1745/* @latonita
 esphome/components/bh1750/* @OttoWinter
 esphome/components/bh1900nux/* @B48D81EFCC
 esphome/components/binary_sensor/* @esphome/core
@@ -100,6 +109,9 @@ esphome/components/bmp581_i2c/* @danielkent-net @kahrendt
 esphome/components/bmp581_spi/* @danielkent-net @kahrendt
 esphome/components/bp1658cj/* @Cossid
 esphome/components/bp5758d/* @Cossid
+esphome/components/bq25186/* @Rapsssito
+esphome/components/bq27220/* @rggammon
+esphome/components/bq76972/* @limpkin
 esphome/components/bridge/* @kbx81
 esphome/components/bthome_mithermometer/* @nagyrobi
 esphome/components/button/* @esphome/core
@@ -148,6 +160,10 @@ esphome/components/delonghi/* @grob6000
 esphome/components/dew_point/* @CFlix
 esphome/components/dfplayer/* @glmnet
 esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/* @niklasweber
+esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0465_base/* @tzabbi
+esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0465_i2c/* @tzabbi
+esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0465_uart/* @tzabbi
+esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0609/* @remcom
 esphome/components/dht/* @OttoWinter
 esphome/components/display_menu_base/* @numo68
 esphome/components/dlms_meter/* @latonita @PolarGoose @SimonFischer04 @Tomer27cz
@@ -156,8 +172,10 @@ esphome/components/ds1307/* @badbadc0ffee
 esphome/components/ds1603l/* @JakeLC15
 esphome/components/ds2484/* @mrk-its
 esphome/components/ds248x/* @tomwellnitz
+esphome/components/ds3231/* @linkedupbits
 esphome/components/dsmr/* @glmnet @PolarGoose
 esphome/components/duty_time/* @dudanov
+esphome/components/ecocomfort2/* @gledian
 esphome/components/ee895/* @Stock-M
 esphome/components/ektf2232/touchscreen/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/emc2101/* @ellull
@@ -174,6 +192,7 @@ esphome/components/es7243e/* @kbx81
 esphome/components/es8156/* @kbx81
 esphome/components/es8311/* @kahrendt @kroimon
 esphome/components/es8388/* @P4uLT
+esphome/components/es9038q2m_katana/* @GioMez
 esphome/components/esp32/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/esp32_ble/* @bdraco @jesserockz @Rapsssito
 esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/* @bdraco @jesserockz
@@ -183,6 +202,7 @@ esphome/components/esp32_camera_web_server/* @ayufan
 esphome/components/esp32_can/* @Sympatron
 esphome/components/esp32_hosted/* @swoboda1337
 esphome/components/esp32_hosted/update/* @swoboda1337
+esphome/components/esp32_power_management/* @rwrozelle
 esphome/components/esp32_rmt/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/esp8266/* @esphome/core
@@ -197,15 +217,19 @@ esphome/components/exponential_moving_average/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/exposure_notifications/* @OttoWinter
 esphome/components/ezo/* @ssieb
 esphome/components/ezo_pmp/* @carlos-sarmiento
+esphome/components/ezsp_proxy_tap/* @kbx81 @puddly
 esphome/components/factory_reset/* @anatoly-savchenkov
 esphome/components/fastled_base/* @OttoWinter
 esphome/components/feedback/* @ianchi
 esphome/components/file/* @esphome/core
+esphome/components/filter_lifetime/* @tuct
 esphome/components/fingerprint_grow/* @alexborro @loongyh @OnFreund
 esphome/components/font/* @clydebarrow @esphome/core
+esphome/components/friedrich/* @rwrozelle
 esphome/components/fs3000/* @kahrendt
 esphome/components/ft5x06/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/ft63x6/* @gpambrozio
+esphome/components/fusb302b/* @remcom
 esphome/components/gcja5/* @gcormier
 esphome/components/gdk101/* @Szewcson
 esphome/components/gl_r01_i2c/* @pkejval
@@ -227,9 +251,14 @@ esphome/components/gt911/* @clydebarrow @jesserockz
 esphome/components/haier/* @paveldn
 esphome/components/haier/binary_sensor/* @paveldn
 esphome/components/haier/button/* @paveldn
+esphome/components/haier/select/* @paveldn
 esphome/components/haier/sensor/* @paveldn
 esphome/components/haier/switch/* @paveldn
 esphome/components/haier/text_sensor/* @paveldn
+esphome/components/haier_tundra/* @fauxpark
+esphome/components/haier_tundra/button/* @fauxpark
+esphome/components/haier_tundra/switch/* @fauxpark
+esphome/components/haier_water_heater/* @TheLexus
 esphome/components/havells_solar/* @sourabhjaiswal
 esphome/components/hbridge/fan/* @WeekendWarrior
 esphome/components/hbridge/light/* @DotNetDann
@@ -238,6 +267,7 @@ esphome/components/hc8/* @omartijn
 esphome/components/hdc2010/* @optimusprimespace @ssieb
 esphome/components/hdc2080/* @G-Pereira @jesserockz
 esphome/components/hdc302x/* @joshuasing
+esphome/components/hdmi_cec/* @JosVanEijndhoven
 esphome/components/he60r/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/heatpumpir/* @rob-deutsch
 esphome/components/hitachi_ac424/* @sourabhjaiswal
@@ -264,6 +294,7 @@ esphome/components/http_request/ota/* @oarcher
 esphome/components/http_request/update/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/htu31d/* @betterengineering
 esphome/components/hub75/* @stuartparmenter
+esphome/components/husb238/* @latonita
 esphome/components/hydreon_rgxx/* @functionpointer
 esphome/components/hyt271/* @Philippe12
 esphome/components/i2c/* @esphome/core
@@ -271,7 +302,9 @@ esphome/components/i2c_device/* @gabest11
 esphome/components/i2s_audio/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/i2s_audio/speaker/* @jesserockz @kahrendt
+esphome/components/i2s_clockless_led_strip/* @j9brown
 esphome/components/iaqcore/* @yozik04
+esphome/components/icm20689/* @lboue
 esphome/components/icnt86/* @danepowell
 esphome/components/ili9xxx/* @clydebarrow @nielsnl68
 esphome/components/improv_base/* @esphome/core
@@ -300,9 +333,11 @@ esphome/components/kuntze/* @ssieb
 esphome/components/lc709203f/* @ilikecake
 esphome/components/lcd_menu/* @numo68
 esphome/components/ld2410/* @regevbr @sebcaps
+esphome/components/ld2410s/* @NovakIrs
 esphome/components/ld2412/* @Rihan9
 esphome/components/ld2420/* @descipher
 esphome/components/ld2450/* @hareeshmu
+esphome/components/ld2460/* @jesusvallejo
 esphome/components/ld24xx/* @kbx81
 esphome/components/ld6002b/* @hepter
 esphome/components/ledc/* @OttoWinter
@@ -311,6 +346,10 @@ esphome/components/libretiny_pwm/* @kuba2k2
 esphome/components/light/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/lightwaverf/* @max246
 esphome/components/lilygo_t5_47/touchscreen/* @jesserockz
+esphome/components/lis2dw12/* @latonita
+esphome/components/lis2dw12_i2c/* @latonita
+esphome/components/lis2dw12_spi/* @latonita
+esphome/components/lis3dh/* @zebble
 esphome/components/lm75b/* @beormund
 esphome/components/ln882h_ble/* @Bl00d-B0b
 esphome/components/ln882h_ble_tracker/* @Bl00d-B0b
@@ -318,6 +357,7 @@ esphome/components/ln882x/* @lamauny
 esphome/components/lock/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/logger/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/logger/select/* @clydebarrow
+esphome/components/lp5562/* @DennisGaida
 esphome/components/lps22/* @nagisa
 esphome/components/lsm6ds/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/ltr390/* @latonita @sjtrny
@@ -328,7 +368,9 @@ esphome/components/m5stack_8angle/* @rnauber
 esphome/components/mapping/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/matrix_keypad/* @ssieb
 esphome/components/max17043/* @blacknell
+esphome/components/max17048/* @B48D81EFCC
 esphome/components/max31865/* @DAVe3283
+esphome/components/max31888/* @JiriPrchal
 esphome/components/max44009/* @berfenger
 esphome/components/max6956/* @looping40
 esphome/components/max7219digit/* @rspaargaren
@@ -347,7 +389,6 @@ esphome/components/mcp4461/* @p1ngb4ck
 esphome/components/mcp4728/* @berfenger
 esphome/components/mcp47a1/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/mcp9600/* @mreditor97
-esphome/components/mcp9808/* @k7hpn
 esphome/components/md5/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/mdns/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/media_player/* @jesserockz
@@ -356,11 +397,14 @@ esphome/components/micro_wake_word/* @jesserockz @kahrendt
 esphome/components/micronova/* @edenhaus @jorre05
 esphome/components/microphone/* @jesserockz @kahrendt
 esphome/components/mics_4514/* @jesserockz
+esphome/components/mics_5524/* @nliaudat
 esphome/components/midea/* @dudanov
 esphome/components/midea_ir/* @dudanov
+esphome/components/midea_portasplit/* @Fexiven
 esphome/components/mipi_dsi/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/mipi_rgb/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/mipi_spi/* @clydebarrow
+esphome/components/mistral_ir/* @lerhum
 esphome/components/mitsubishi/* @RubyBailey
 esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/* @crnjan
 esphome/components/mixer/speaker/* @kahrendt
@@ -387,6 +431,9 @@ esphome/components/mpl3115a2/* @kbickar
 esphome/components/mpu6886/* @fabaff
 esphome/components/ms8607/* @e28eta
 esphome/components/msa3xx/* @latonita
+esphome/components/mt6701/* @slimcdk
+esphome/components/mt6701_i2c/* @slimcdk
+esphome/components/mt6701_spi/* @slimcdk
 esphome/components/nau7802/* @cujomalainey
 esphome/components/network/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/nextion/* @edwardtfn @senexcrenshaw
@@ -399,6 +446,8 @@ esphome/components/noblex/* @AGalfra
 esphome/components/noise/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/npi19/* @bakerkj
 esphome/components/nrf52/* @tomaszduda23
+esphome/components/ns2009/* @tchilov
+esphome/components/ns2009/touchscreen/* @tchilov
 esphome/components/number/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/one_wire/* @ssieb
 esphome/components/online_image/* @clydebarrow @guillempages
@@ -409,10 +458,12 @@ esphome/components/ota/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/output/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/packet_transport/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/pca6416a/* @Mat931
+esphome/components/pca9505/* @ajfriesen @ssieb
 esphome/components/pca9554/* @bdraco @clydebarrow @hwstar
 esphome/components/pcf85063/* @brogon
 esphome/components/pcf8563/* @KoenBreeman
 esphome/components/pcm5122/* @remcom
+esphome/components/pd_pioneer_ir/* @martinsah
 esphome/components/pi4ioe5v6408/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/pid/* @OttoWinter
 esphome/components/pipsolar/* @andreashergert1984
@@ -431,6 +482,7 @@ esphome/components/pn7160/* @jesserockz @kbx81
 esphome/components/pn7160_i2c/* @jesserockz @kbx81
 esphome/components/pn7160_spi/* @jesserockz @kbx81
 esphome/components/pn71xx/* @jesserockz @kbx81
+esphome/components/power_management/* @rwrozelle
 esphome/components/power_supply/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/preferences/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/provisioning/* @esphome/core
@@ -451,6 +503,8 @@ esphome/components/rc522/* @glmnet
 esphome/components/rc522_i2c/* @glmnet
 esphome/components/rc522_spi/* @glmnet
 esphome/components/rd03d/* @jasstrong
+esphome/components/remko_ar715/* @naKruul
+esphome/components/renogy_inverter_ble/* @emilioaray-dev
 esphome/components/resampler/speaker/* @kahrendt
 esphome/components/restart/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/rf_bridge/* @jesserockz
@@ -464,12 +518,15 @@ esphome/components/rp2040_pwm/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/rp2_ble_tracker/* @bdraco
 esphome/components/rpi_dpi_rgb/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/rtl87xx/* @kuba2k2
+esphome/components/rtsp_server/* @max246
 esphome/components/rtttl/* @glmnet @ximex
 esphome/components/runtime_image/* @clydebarrow @guillempages @kahrendt
 esphome/components/runtime_stats/* @bdraco
 esphome/components/rx8025t/* @remcom
+esphome/components/rx8111/* @techdregs
 esphome/components/rx8130/* @beormund
 esphome/components/safe_mode/* @jsuanet @kbx81 @paulmonigatti
+esphome/components/samsung/* @jorofi
 esphome/components/scd4x/* @martgras @sjtrny
 esphome/components/script/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/sdl/* @bdm310 @clydebarrow
@@ -498,11 +555,14 @@ esphome/components/sfa30/* @ghsensdev
 esphome/components/sfa40/* @NoQuarrel
 esphome/components/sgp40/* @SenexCrenshaw
 esphome/components/sgp4x/* @martgras @SenexCrenshaw
+esphome/components/sh1122_base/* @pl4nkton
+esphome/components/sh1122_spi/* @pl4nkton
 esphome/components/sha256/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/shelly_dimmer/* @edge90 @rnauber
 esphome/components/sht3xd/* @mrtoy-me
 esphome/components/sht4x/* @sjtrny
 esphome/components/shutdown/* @esphome/core @jsuanet
+esphome/components/siemens_ira211/* @fonix232
 esphome/components/sigma_delta_output/* @Cat-Ion
 esphome/components/sim800l/* @glmnet
 esphome/components/sm10bit_base/* @Cossid
@@ -565,12 +625,13 @@ esphome/components/t6615/* @tylermenezes
 esphome/components/tas2780/* @remcom
 esphome/components/tas58xx/* @mrtoy-me @remcom
 esphome/components/tc74/* @sethgirvan
+esphome/components/tca8418/* @zebble
 esphome/components/tca9548a/* @andreashergert1984
 esphome/components/tca9555/* @mobrembski
 esphome/components/tcl112/* @glmnet
 esphome/components/tcp_uart/* @Bascht74
 esphome/components/tee501/* @Stock-M
-esphome/components/teleinfo/* @0hax
+esphome/components/teleinfo/* @0hax @FredM67
 esphome/components/tem3200/* @bakerkj
 esphome/components/template/alarm_control_panel/* @grahambrown11 @hwstar
 esphome/components/template/datetime/* @rfdarter
@@ -582,12 +643,15 @@ esphome/components/thermopro_ble/* @sittner
 esphome/components/thermostat/* @kbx81
 esphome/components/time/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/tinyusb/* @kbx81
+esphome/components/tinyusb_keyboard/* @frederikbolding
 esphome/components/tlc5947/* @rnauber
 esphome/components/tlc5971/* @IJIJI
 esphome/components/tm1621/* @Philippe12
 esphome/components/tm1637/* @glmnet
 esphome/components/tm1638/* @skykingjwc
 esphome/components/tm1651/* @mrtoy-me
+esphome/components/tmc2209/* @remcom
+esphome/components/tmc22xx/* @remcom
 esphome/components/tmp102/* @timsavage
 esphome/components/tmp1075/* @sybrenstuvel
 esphome/components/tmp117/* @Azimath
@@ -627,10 +691,11 @@ esphome/components/vbus/* @ssieb
 esphome/components/veml3235/* @kbx81
 esphome/components/veml7700/* @latonita
 esphome/components/version/* @esphome/core
+esphome/components/vevor_dtx/* @Bofr5555
 esphome/components/voice_assistant/* @jesserockz @kahrendt
 esphome/components/wake_on_lan/* @clydebarrow @willwill2will54
 esphome/components/watchdog/* @oarcher
-esphome/components/water_heater/* @dhoeben
+esphome/components/water_heater/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/waveshare_epaper/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/waveshare_io_ch32v003/* @latonita
 esphome/components/web_server/ota/* @esphome/core
@@ -639,7 +704,7 @@ esphome/components/web_server_idf/* @dentra
 esphome/components/weikai/* @DrCoolZic
 esphome/components/weikai_i2c/* @DrCoolZic
 esphome/components/weikai_spi/* @DrCoolZic
-esphome/components/whirlpool/* @glmnet
+esphome/components/whirlpool/* @arpena @glmnet
 esphome/components/whynter/* @aeonsablaze
 esphome/components/wiegand/* @ssieb
 esphome/components/wireguard/* @droscy @lhoracek @thomas0bernard
@@ -669,6 +734,7 @@ esphome/components/xl9535/* @mreditor97
 esphome/components/xpt2046/touchscreen/* @nielsnl68 @numo68
 esphome/components/xxtea/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/zephyr/* @tomaszduda23
+esphome/components/zephyr_coredump/* @tomaszduda23
 esphome/components/zephyr_mcumgr/ota/* @tomaszduda23
 esphome/components/zephyr_pwm/* @wiomoc
 esphome/components/zhlt01/* @cfeenstra1024

docker/Dockerfile

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ RUN \
     -r /requirements.txt
 
 # Install the ESPHome Device Builder dashboard.
-RUN uv pip install --no-cache-dir esphome-device-builder==1.23.0
+RUN uv pip install --no-cache-dir esphome-device-builder==1.24.0
 
 RUN \
     platformio settings set enable_telemetry No \

esphome/__main__.py

@@ -48,9 +48,13 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_WEB_SERVER,
     CONF_WIFI,
     ENV_NOGITIGNORE,
+    KEY_CORE,
     KEY_ESP32,
+    KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM,
     KEY_VARIANT,
+    PLATFORM_HOST,
     SECRETS_FILES,
+    ErrorFormat,
     Toolchain,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError, coroutine
@@ -69,6 +73,7 @@ from esphome.util import (
     get_serial_ports,
     is_picotool_usb_permission_error,
     list_yaml_files,
+    read_secret_line,
     run_external_command,
     run_external_process,
     safe_print,
@@ -478,12 +483,9 @@ def has_ota() -> bool:
 
 def has_native_ota() -> bool:
     """Check if native API OTA upload is available (``platform: esphome``)."""
-    if CONF_OTA not in CORE.config:
-        return False
-    return any(
-        ota_item.get(CONF_PLATFORM) == CONF_ESPHOME
-        for ota_item in CORE.config[CONF_OTA]
-    )
+    from esphome.espota2 import esphome_ota_items
+
+    return bool(esphome_ota_items(CORE.config))
 
 
 def has_web_server_ota() -> bool:
@@ -1231,14 +1233,28 @@ def upload_program(
     config: ConfigType, args: ArgsProtocol, devices: list[str]
 ) -> tuple[int, str | None]:
     host = devices[0]
+    port_type = get_port_type(host)
+    ota_key = getattr(args, "ota_key", None)
+    if ota_key and port_type in (PortType.SERIAL, PortType.BOOTSEL):
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "The presented OTA key only applies to network uploads; ignored for %s",
+            host,
+        )
+
     platform_upload = platform_hooks.get_platform_hook(
         CORE.target_platform, "upload_program"
     )
     if platform_upload is not None and platform_upload(config, args, host):
+        if ota_key and port_type not in (PortType.SERIAL, PortType.BOOTSEL):
+            # A platform's own network path (nrf52 mcumgr) has no key handshake
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "The presented OTA key only applies to the %s OTA platform; "
+                "ignored for %s",
+                CONF_ESPHOME,
+                host,
+            )
         return 0, host
 
-    port_type = get_port_type(host)
-
     # MQTT and MQTTIP are also OTA paths; MQTTIP gets resolved to a real IP later by
     # _resolve_network_devices(). Only SERIAL and BOOTSEL are non-OTA upload paths.
     is_partition_table = getattr(args, "partition_table", False)
@@ -1281,6 +1297,8 @@ def upload_program(
     network_devices = _resolve_network_devices(devices, config, args)
 
     if chosen_platform == CONF_WEB_SERVER:
+        if ota_key:
+            raise EsphomeError(OTA_KEY_PLATFORM_ERROR)
         if is_partition_table or is_bootloader:
             raise EsphomeError(
                 f"{option_string} is only supported with the esphome OTA platform; "
@@ -1294,6 +1312,17 @@ def upload_program(
     return _upload_via_native_api(config, network_devices, args)
 
 
+def _ota_upload_platforms(config: ConfigType) -> dict[str, None]:
+    """The network OTA platforms the config provides, one entry each, in
+    config order; the web_server final-validate hook merges duplicates."""
+    return {
+        ota_platform: None
+        for ota_item in config.get(CONF_OTA, [])
+        if (ota_platform := ota_item.get(CONF_PLATFORM))
+        in (CONF_ESPHOME, CONF_WEB_SERVER)
+    }
+
+
 def _choose_ota_platform(config: ConfigType, requested: str | None) -> str:
     """Pick the OTA platform to use, optionally honoring ``--ota-platform``.
 
@@ -1306,16 +1335,7 @@ def _choose_ota_platform(config: ConfigType, requested: str | None) -> str:
     stream on ESP32/LibreTiny, which inflate it as it arrives.) Falls back to
     ``web_server`` only when that is the only available platform.
     """
-    # Use a dict (insertion-ordered) instead of a list so error messages and
-    # membership checks see one entry per platform even if the user has
-    # multiple ``ota:`` items of the same platform; the web_server OTA
-    # platform's final-validate hook merges duplicates anyway.
-    available: dict[str, None] = {}
-    for ota_item in config.get(CONF_OTA, []):
-        ota_platform = ota_item.get(CONF_PLATFORM)
-        if ota_platform in (CONF_ESPHOME, CONF_WEB_SERVER):
-            available[ota_platform] = None
-
+    available = _ota_upload_platforms(config)
     if not available:
         raise EsphomeError(
             f"Cannot upload Over the Air as the {CONF_OTA} configuration is not "
@@ -1336,14 +1356,17 @@ def _choose_ota_platform(config: ConfigType, requested: str | None) -> str:
     return CONF_WEB_SERVER
 
 
+def _esphome_ota_conf(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType | None:
+    """The validated esphome OTA platform block, if configured."""
+    from esphome.espota2 import esphome_ota_items
+
+    return next(iter(esphome_ota_items(config)), None)
+
+
 def _upload_via_native_api(
     config: ConfigType, network_devices: list[str], args: ArgsProtocol
 ) -> tuple[int, str | None]:
-    ota_conf: ConfigType = {}
-    for ota_item in config.get(CONF_OTA, []):
-        if ota_item.get(CONF_PLATFORM) == CONF_ESPHOME:
-            ota_conf = ota_item
-            break
+    ota_conf = _esphome_ota_conf(config) or {}
 
     from esphome import espota2
     from esphome.components.noise import static_encryption_key
@@ -1353,9 +1376,15 @@ def _upload_via_native_api(
     # Fail closed: an encryption block whose key did not resolve must never
     # fall back to a plaintext upload
     noise_psk = None
+    old_noise_psk = None
     plaintext_fallback = False
     allow_plaintext_upload = False
-    if (encryption_conf := ota_conf.get(CONF_ENCRYPTION)) is not None:
+    if ota_key := getattr(args, "ota_key", None):
+        # The user presents a key the device still runs instead of the
+        # configured one (a key change in progress); an explicit key never
+        # downgrades to plaintext
+        noise_psk = ota_key
+    elif (encryption_conf := ota_conf.get(CONF_ENCRYPTION)) is not None:
         noise_psk = encryption_conf.get(CONF_KEY)
         allow_plaintext_upload = bool(
             encryption_conf.get(espota2.CONF_ALLOW_PLAINTEXT_UPLOAD)
@@ -1368,6 +1397,8 @@ def _upload_via_native_api(
         # Ensure the key is a string, as required by the underlying OTA implementation.
         # It arrives here as a SensitiveStr which aioesphomeapi rejects.
         noise_psk = str(noise_psk)
+        if old_key := encryption_conf.get(espota2.CONF_OLD_KEY):
+            old_noise_psk = str(old_key)
     elif api_key := static_encryption_key(config.get(CONF_API) or {}):
         # Remove before 2027.3.0: the api key is tried, falling back to plaintext
         noise_psk = str(api_key)
@@ -1417,19 +1448,30 @@ def _upload_via_native_api(
         noise_psk,
         plaintext_fallback=plaintext_fallback,
         allow_plaintext_upload=allow_plaintext_upload,
+        old_noise_psk=old_noise_psk,
     )
 
 
+def _old_key_notice(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    """After `run`, whose image was just built from this config; a plain
+    `upload` may send a stale image that still carries the previous key."""
+    from esphome import espota2
+
+    for item in espota2.esphome_ota_items(config):
+        if (item.get(CONF_ENCRYPTION) or {}).get(espota2.CONF_OLD_KEY):
+            _LOGGER.warning(espota2.OLD_KEY_REMOVE_NOTICE)
+
+
 def _upload_via_web_server(
     config: ConfigType, network_devices: list[str], binary: Path
 ) -> tuple[int, str | None]:
     from esphome import web_server_ota
+    from esphome.espota2 import esphome_ota_items
     from esphome.web_server_helpers import get_web_server_connection
 
     if any(
-        ota_item.get(CONF_PLATFORM) == CONF_ESPHOME
-        and ota_item.get(CONF_ENCRYPTION) is not None
-        for ota_item in config.get(CONF_OTA, [])
+        ota_item.get(CONF_ENCRYPTION) is not None
+        for ota_item in esphome_ota_items(config)
     ):
         _LOGGER.warning(
             "This config has OTA encryption, but the web_server OTA path sends "
@@ -1737,7 +1779,60 @@ def command_compile(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
     return 0
 
 
+ENV_OTA_KEY = "ESPHOME_OTA_KEY"
+OTA_KEY_PLATFORM_ERROR = (
+    f"--prompt-ota-key and {ENV_OTA_KEY} only apply to the {CONF_ESPHOME} OTA "
+    "platform; to flash by serial instead, name the port with --device"
+)
+
+
+def _read_ota_key(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    """Take the key to present to the device for this upload, from the
+    prompt or from ESPHOME_OTA_KEY, before any compile so the prompt is
+    not buried in build output."""
+    prompt = getattr(args, "prompt_ota_key", False)
+    env_key = getattr(args, "env_ota_key", None)
+    if not prompt and env_key is None:
+        return
+    if CORE.data.get(KEY_CORE, {}).get(KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM) == PLATFORM_HOST:
+        _LOGGER.warning("A host program runs locally; the presented OTA key is ignored")
+        return
+    # The HTTP path has no key handshake; decide before prompting or
+    # compiling. A serial target is a serial flash: the key is not even
+    # asked for, and --ota-platform means nothing to it. Every entry must
+    # be serial: a missing port is skipped and the next entry may be a host
+    devices = getattr(args, "device", None) or []
+    serial_target = bool(devices) and all(
+        device == "SERIAL"
+        or get_port_type(device) in (PortType.SERIAL, PortType.BOOTSEL)
+        for device in devices
+    )
+    chosen = (
+        _choose_ota_platform(config, getattr(args, "ota_platform", None))
+        if not serial_target and _ota_upload_platforms(config)
+        else None
+    )
+    if chosen == CONF_WEB_SERVER:
+        raise EsphomeError(OTA_KEY_PLATFORM_ERROR)
+    from esphome.components.noise import validate_encryption_key
+    from esphome.config_validation import Invalid
+
+    if serial_target:
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "The presented OTA key only applies to network uploads; ignored for %s",
+            ", ".join(devices),
+        )
+        return
+    key = read_secret_line("OTA encryption key: ") if prompt else env_key
+    try:
+        validate_encryption_key(key)
+    except Invalid as err:
+        raise EsphomeError(f"Invalid OTA encryption key: {err}") from err
+    args.ota_key = key
+
+
 def command_upload(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
+    _read_ota_key(args, config)
     # Get devices, resolving special identifiers like OTA
     devices = choose_upload_log_host(
         default=args.device,
@@ -1785,6 +1880,7 @@ def command_run(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
         # Elsewhere the flag is ignored, so serial stays fine there.
         _LOGGER.error("--skip-bootloader builds cannot be flashed over serial")
         return 1
+    _read_ota_key(args, config)
     exit_code = write_cpp(config)
     if exit_code != 0:
         return exit_code
@@ -1810,6 +1906,7 @@ def command_run(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
     exit_code, successful_device = upload_program(config, args, devices)
     if exit_code == 0:
         _LOGGER.info("Successfully uploaded program.")
+        _old_key_notice(config)
     else:
         _LOGGER.warning("Failed to upload to %s", devices)
         return exit_code
@@ -2205,6 +2302,25 @@ def _add_states_args(parser: argparse.ArgumentParser) -> None:
     )
 
 
+def _error_format(value: str) -> ErrorFormat:
+    try:
+        return ErrorFormat(value.lower())
+    except ValueError:
+        choices = ", ".join(ErrorFormat)
+        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(
+            f"invalid choice: '{value}' (choose from {choices})"
+        ) from None
+
+
+ARGUMENT_HELP_PROMPT_OTA_KEY = (
+    "Ask for the OTA encryption key to present to the device instead of using "
+    "the one in the configuration, for a device that still runs a previous key. "
+    "The key is read without echo, or as one line from stdin when that is not "
+    "a terminal; it is never taken from the command line. A calling program "
+    f"can hand the key over in the {ENV_OTA_KEY} environment variable instead."
+)
+
+
 def parse_args(argv):
     options_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help=False)
     options_parser.add_argument(
@@ -2267,6 +2383,17 @@ def parse_args(argv):
         ),
     )
 
+    options_parser.add_argument(
+        "--error-format",
+        type=_error_format,
+        metavar="{" + ",".join(f.value for f in ErrorFormat) + "}",
+        help=(
+            "How configuration errors are shown. 'yaml' shows them inside the "
+            "failing YAML; 'line' prints one 'file:line:column: error: message' "
+            "line per error. Default: $ESPHOME_ERROR_FORMAT, else 'yaml'."
+        ),
+    )
+
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
         description=f"ESPHome {const.__version__}", parents=[options_parser]
     )
@@ -2362,6 +2489,11 @@ def parse_args(argv):
         help="Upload as partition table (OTA).",
         action="store_true",
     )
+    parser_upload.add_argument(
+        "--prompt-ota-key",
+        action="store_true",
+        help=ARGUMENT_HELP_PROMPT_OTA_KEY,
+    )
     parser_upload.add_argument(
         "--bootloader",
         help="Upload as bootloader (OTA).",
@@ -2442,6 +2574,11 @@ def parse_args(argv):
             "(HTTP Basic auth) when that is the only configured platform."
         ),
     )
+    parser_run.add_argument(
+        "--prompt-ota-key",
+        action="store_true",
+        help=ARGUMENT_HELP_PROMPT_OTA_KEY,
+    )
 
     parser_clean = subparsers.add_parser(
         "clean-mqtt",
@@ -2570,9 +2707,18 @@ def parse_args(argv):
         args, unknown_args = parser.parse_known_args(arguments)
         if unknown_args:
             _LOGGER.warning("Ignored unrecognized arguments: %s", unknown_args)
-        return args
+    else:
+        args = parser.parse_args(arguments)
 
-    return parser.parse_args(arguments)
+    # Read here rather than as the option default, so a bad value is reported
+    # against the environment variable instead of --error-format
+    if args.error_format is None:
+        env_value = os.getenv("ESPHOME_ERROR_FORMAT", ErrorFormat.YAML.value)
+        try:
+            args.error_format = _error_format(env_value)
+        except argparse.ArgumentTypeError as err:
+            parser.error(f"ESPHOME_ERROR_FORMAT: {err}")
+    return args
 
 
 def _warn_if_source_tree_mismatch() -> None:
@@ -2645,6 +2791,7 @@ def run_esphome(argv):
     args = parse_args(argv)
     CORE.dashboard = args.dashboard
     CORE.testing_mode = args.testing_mode
+    CORE.error_format = args.error_format
 
     # Create address cache from command-line arguments
     CORE.address_cache = AddressCache.from_cli_args(
@@ -2657,6 +2804,23 @@ def run_esphome(argv):
         args.log_level = "CRITICAL"
 
     setup_log(log_level=args.log_level)
+    # Taken out of the environment before any command runs, so no build
+    # tool inherits a key a calling program handed over
+    args.env_ota_key = os.environ.pop(ENV_OTA_KEY, None)
+    if args.command in ("upload", "run"):
+        # One key is one device's; several configs run in child processes
+        # that would never see it
+        if (args.env_ota_key is not None or args.prompt_ota_key) and len(
+            args.configuration
+        ) > 1:
+            raise EsphomeError(
+                f"--prompt-ota-key and {ENV_OTA_KEY} take one configuration; "
+                f"{len(args.configuration)} were given"
+            )
+    elif args.env_ota_key is not None:
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "%s is set but the %s command does not use it", ENV_OTA_KEY, args.command
+        )
     _warn_if_source_tree_mismatch()
     _warn_if_intel_macos()
 

esphome/automation.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable, Sequence
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 import logging
 import string
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_COUNT,
     CONF_ELSE,
     CONF_ID,
+    CONF_IF,
     CONF_THEN,
     CONF_TIME,
     CONF_TIMEOUT,
@@ -34,6 +35,9 @@ from esphome.schema_extractors import SCHEMA_EXTRACT, schema_extractor
 from esphome.types import ConfigType, SafeExpType
 from esphome.util import Registry
 
+CONF_CHOOSE = "choose"
+CONF_CHOICE_ID = "choice_id"
+
 
 def progmem_bytes(name: str, data: bytes | list[int]) -> MockObj:
     """Shared PROGMEM table for constant bytes; equal payloads share one, empty is nullptr."""
@@ -248,6 +252,23 @@ def flash_string(config: ConfigType, value: str) -> str:
     return str(cg.progmem_string(value))
 
 
+def flash_compare(config: ConfigType, value: str) -> str:
+    """Default renderer for ``std::string`` constants in conditions; compares in flash on ESP8266."""
+    if CORE.is_esp8266:
+        return f"::esphome::ProgmemStringRef{{PSTR({cg.safe_exp(value)}), {len(value.encode('utf-8'))}}}"
+    return str(cg.safe_exp(value))
+
+
+def _default_std_string(
+    members: list[tuple[str, Any, Any]], renderer: Callable[[ConfigType, str], str]
+) -> list[tuple[str, Any, Any]]:
+    """Give ``cg.std_string`` members without a renderer the given default."""
+    return [
+        (key, t, fn or (renderer if t is cg.std_string else None))
+        for key, t, fn in members
+    ]
+
+
 def literal_with_length(config: ConfigType, value: str) -> str:
     """Renderer for a ``(const char *, size_t)`` target: a plain literal plus its byte length.
 
@@ -465,6 +486,22 @@ def register_apply_action(
 ) -> None:
     """Register an action that only forwards config values to its parent, with no C++ class.
 
+    See ``apply_action_builder``.
+    """
+    register_action(name, ApplyAction, schema, synchronous=True)(
+        apply_action_builder(name, schema, *fields, call=call, id_key=id_key)
+    )
+
+
+def apply_action_builder(
+    name: str,
+    schema: cv.Schema,
+    *fields: ApplyField | ApplyCall,
+    call: str | None = None,
+    id_key: str = CONF_ID,
+) -> Callable[..., Awaitable[MockObj]]:
+    """The builder ``register_apply_action`` registers, for a caller that wraps it.
+
     Generates one static function with the parent (read from ``id_key``) and constants baked
     in, lambdas called inline with the trigger args, and an ``ApplyAction`` templated on it.
     A constant that is an id (``cv.use_id`` under ``cv.templatable``) is the object it names.
@@ -475,10 +512,7 @@ def register_apply_action(
     statements_spec = [
         (
             c.target,
-            [
-                (key, t, fn or (flash_string if t is cg.std_string else None))
-                for key, t, fn in c.members
-            ],
+            _default_std_string(c.members, flash_string),
         )
         for c in (f if isinstance(f, ApplyCall) else f.call() for f in fields)
     ]
@@ -515,7 +549,7 @@ def register_apply_action(
             action_id, cg.void, template_arg, lambda_args, statements
         )
 
-    register_action(name, ApplyAction, schema, synchronous=True)(builder)
+    return builder
 
 
 def _apply_call_active(members: list[tuple[Any, Any, Any]], values: list[Any]) -> bool:
@@ -547,11 +581,12 @@ def register_apply_condition(
     ``check`` is applied to the parent: ``"is_playing()"`` becomes ``parent->is_playing()``; an
     ``ApplyCall`` such as ``ApplyCall("state == {}", ((CONF_STATE, cg.bool_),))`` compares
     against config values, all of which must be present. Write ``== false`` to negate.
-    String constants are plain literals, so compare a ``std::string`` or ``StringRef`` member.
+    A ``cg.std_string`` constant stays in flash on ESP8266 and supports only ``==`` or ``!=``
+    against a ``std::string`` or ``StringRef`` member; other string types are plain literals.
     Generates one static predicate and an ``ApplyCondition`` templated on it.
     """
     call = check if isinstance(check, ApplyCall) else ApplyCall(check)
-    members = call.members
+    members = _default_std_string(call.members, flash_compare)
     _check_key_in_schema(name, schema, id_key)
     for conf_key, _, _ in members:
         _check_key_in_schema(name, schema, conf_key)
@@ -724,7 +759,7 @@ async def condition_group_to_code(
     if len(conditions) == 1:
         return conditions[0]
     return cg.new_Pvariable(
-        condition_id, cg.TemplateArguments(len(conditions), *template_arg), conditions
+        condition_id, cg.TemplateArguments(len(conditions), *template_arg), *conditions
     )
 
 
@@ -809,10 +844,39 @@ async def delay_action_to_code(
     return var
 
 
+def _wrap_bare_if_condition(value: Any) -> Any:
+    """Allow a single condition directly under `if:` in place of `condition: {...}`."""
+    if not isinstance(value, dict):
+        return value
+    # `any` and `all` are also registered conditions, but here they are the if action's own keys
+    bare = [
+        key
+        for key in value
+        if key in CONDITION_REGISTRY and key not in (CONF_ANY, CONF_ALL)
+    ]
+    if not bare:
+        return value
+    if len(bare) > 1:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"Only one condition may be given directly under 'if', found {', '.join(bare)}. "
+            f"Use '{CONF_CONDITION}', '{CONF_ALL}' or '{CONF_ANY}' to combine conditions"
+        )
+    if other := [k for k in (CONF_CONDITION, CONF_ANY, CONF_ALL) if k in value]:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"'{bare[0]}' given directly under 'if' cannot be used with '{other[0]}'. "
+            f"Move it into '{other[0]}'"
+        )
+    key = bare[0]
+    result = {k: v for k, v in value.items() if k != key}
+    result[CONF_CONDITION] = {key: value[key]}
+    return result
+
+
 @register_action(
     "if",
     IfAction,
     cv.All(
+        _wrap_bare_if_condition,
         {
             cv.Exclusive(
                 CONF_CONDITION, CONF_CONDITION
@@ -839,12 +903,104 @@ async def if_action_to_code(
     cond_conf = next(el for el in config if el in (CONF_ANY, CONF_ALL, CONF_CONDITION))
     condition = await build_condition(config[cond_conf], template_arg, args)
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, if_template_arg, condition)
+    then_actions = else_actions = None
     if CONF_THEN in config:
-        actions = await build_action_list(config[CONF_THEN], template_arg, args)
-        cg.add(var.add_then(actions))
+        then_actions = await build_action_list(config[CONF_THEN], template_arg, args)
     if has_else:
-        actions = await build_action_list(config[CONF_ELSE], template_arg, args)
-        cg.add(var.add_else(actions))
+        else_actions = await build_action_list(config[CONF_ELSE], template_arg, args)
+    _add_if_branches(var, then_actions, else_actions)
+    return var
+
+
+def _add_if_branches(
+    var: MockObj,
+    then_actions: list[MockObj] | None,
+    else_actions: list[MockObj] | None,
+) -> None:
+    """Add the branches of an IfAction one action at a time; None leaves a branch out."""
+    if then_actions is not None:
+        for action in then_actions:
+            cg.add(var.add_then_action(action))
+        cg.add(var.finish_then())
+    if else_actions is not None:
+        for action in else_actions:
+            cg.add(var.add_else_action(action))
+        cg.add(var.finish_else())
+
+
+def _validate_choice(choice: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """A choice is either `if` with `then`, or `else` on its own."""
+    if CONF_ELSE in choice:
+        for key in (CONF_IF, CONF_THEN):
+            if key in choice:
+                raise cv.Invalid(f"'{key}' cannot be used with 'else'", path=[key])
+        return choice
+    for key in (CONF_IF, CONF_THEN):
+        if key not in choice:
+            raise cv.Invalid(f"'{key}' is required", path=[key])
+    return choice
+
+
+def _validate_choose_else(choices: list[ConfigType]) -> list[ConfigType]:
+    """`else` may only be the last choice, and not the only one."""
+    for index, choice in enumerate(choices[:-1]):
+        if CONF_ELSE in choice:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                "Only the last choice may be 'else'", path=[index, CONF_ELSE]
+            )
+    if len(choices) == 1 and CONF_ELSE in choices[0]:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            "At least one choice must have 'if' and 'then'", path=[0, CONF_ELSE]
+        )
+    return choices
+
+
+@register_action(
+    CONF_CHOOSE,
+    IfAction,
+    cv.All(
+        cv.ensure_list(
+            cv.All(
+                cv.Schema(
+                    {
+                        cv.GenerateID(CONF_CHOICE_ID): cv.declare_id(IfAction),
+                        cv.Optional(CONF_IF): validate_potentially_and_condition,
+                        cv.Optional(CONF_THEN): validate_action_list,
+                        cv.Optional(CONF_ELSE): validate_action_list,
+                    }
+                ),
+                _validate_choice,
+            )
+        ),
+        cv.Length(min=1),
+        _validate_choose_else,
+    ),
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def choose_action_to_code(
+    config: list[ConfigType],
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
+    # Built as a chain of if/else actions: each choice's else branch holds the next choice,
+    # and the last choice's else branch holds the `else` actions, if any.
+    else_actions: list[MockObj] | None = None
+    if CONF_ELSE in config[-1]:
+        else_actions = await build_action_list(
+            config[-1][CONF_ELSE], template_arg, args
+        )
+        config = config[:-1]
+    var: MockObj | None = None
+    for index in reversed(range(len(config))):
+        choice = config[index]
+        if_template_arg = cg.TemplateArguments(else_actions is not None, *template_arg)
+        condition = await build_condition(choice[CONF_IF], template_arg, args)
+        choice_id = action_id if index == 0 else choice[CONF_CHOICE_ID]
+        var = cg.new_Pvariable(choice_id, if_template_arg, condition)
+        then_actions = await build_action_list(choice[CONF_THEN], template_arg, args)
+        _add_if_branches(var, then_actions, else_actions)
+        else_actions = [var]
     return var
 
 
@@ -867,11 +1023,27 @@ async def while_action_to_code(
 ) -> MockObj:
     condition = await build_condition(config[CONF_CONDITION], template_arg, args)
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, condition)
-    actions = await build_action_list(config[CONF_THEN], template_arg, args)
-    cg.add(var.add_then(actions))
+    for action in await build_action_list(config[CONF_THEN], template_arg, args):
+        cg.add(var.add_then_action(action))
+    cg.add(var.finish_then())
     return var
 
 
+def _shadow_iteration(args: TemplateArgsType) -> TemplateArgsType:
+    """Rename an inherited `iteration` so the inner repeat's own counter can shadow it."""
+    names = {name for _, name in args}
+    renamed: TemplateArgsType = []
+    for type_, name in args:
+        if name == "iteration":
+            depth = 1
+            while f"iteration_{depth}" in names:
+                depth += 1
+            name = f"iteration_{depth}"
+            names.add(name)
+        renamed.append((type_, name))
+    return renamed
+
+
 @register_action(
     "repeat",
     RepeatAction,
@@ -895,9 +1067,11 @@ async def repeat_action_to_code(
     actions = await build_action_list(
         config[CONF_THEN],
         cg.TemplateArguments(cg.uint32, *template_arg.args),
-        [(cg.uint32, "iteration"), *args],
+        [(cg.uint32, "iteration"), *_shadow_iteration(args)],
     )
-    cg.add(var.add_then(actions))
+    for action in actions:
+        cg.add(var.add_then_action(action))
+    cg.add(var.finish_then())
     return var
 
 
@@ -1033,21 +1207,79 @@ def has_non_synchronous_actions(actions: ConfigType) -> bool:
     Non-synchronous actions (delay, wait_until, script.wait, etc.) store
     trigger args for later execution, making non-owning types like StringRef
     unsafe.
+
+    Accepts an action list, a single action, or an automation. Only the keys of
+    action entries are looked up as action names; the options of an action are
+    only searched for nested action lists (``then:``, ``else:``, ...), so an
+    option that shares a name with an action, such as the ``delay:`` option of
+    ``speaker_source.set_playlist_delay``, is not mistaken for that action.
     """
     if isinstance(actions, list):
         return any(has_non_synchronous_actions(item) for item in actions)
     if isinstance(actions, dict):
-        for key in actions:
+        for key, options in actions.items():
             if key in ACTION_REGISTRY and not ACTION_REGISTRY[key].synchronous:
                 return True
-        return any(
-            has_non_synchronous_actions(v)
-            for v in actions.values()
-            if isinstance(v, (list, dict))
-        )
+            if _options_have_non_synchronous_actions(options):
+                return True
     return False
 
 
+def _options_have_non_synchronous_actions(options: Any) -> bool:
+    """Search an action's options for nested action lists, without treating option keys as actions."""
+    if isinstance(options, list):
+        return has_non_synchronous_actions(options)
+    if isinstance(options, dict):
+        return any(_options_have_non_synchronous_actions(v) for v in options.values())
+    return False
+
+
+def validate_no_deferring_actions(
+    context: str, data: str = "the trigger data"
+) -> Callable[[ConfigType], ConfigType]:
+    """Return a validator that rejects deferring actions in a validated automation.
+
+    Use it for triggers whose arguments only live while the callback runs (views into a reused
+    buffer, a JSON document freed on return, ...): deferring actions keep the arguments for later.
+
+    :param context: Where the automation is, for the error message, e.g. ``"on_json and on_data"``.
+    :param data: What is only valid while the automation runs, for the error message.
+    """
+
+    def validator(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+        if has_non_synchronous_actions(value):
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Deferring actions (delay, wait_until, script.wait, ...) are not allowed in "
+                f"{context}: {data} is only valid while the automation runs. Copy what you need "
+                "into globals first, then defer in a separate script or automation."
+            )
+        return value
+
+    return validator
+
+
+def validate_synchronous_automation(
+    context: str,
+    data: str = "the trigger data",
+    extra_schema=None,
+    extra_validators=None,
+    single: bool = False,
+) -> cv.All:
+    """``validate_automation()`` that also rejects deferring actions.
+
+    See ``validate_no_deferring_actions()`` for ``context`` and ``data``; the other parameters are
+    passed to ``validate_automation()``.
+    """
+    return cv.All(
+        validate_automation(
+            extra_schema=extra_schema,
+            extra_validators=extra_validators,
+            single=single,
+        ),
+        validate_no_deferring_actions(context, data),
+    )
+
+
 async def _new_automation(
     args: TemplateArgsType, config: ConfigType, *ctor_args: MockObj
 ) -> MockObj:
@@ -1055,7 +1287,8 @@ async def _new_automation(
     templ = cg.TemplateArguments(*(arg[0] for arg in args))
     obj = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_AUTOMATION_ID], templ, *ctor_args)
     actions = await build_action_list(config[CONF_THEN], templ, args)
-    cg.add(obj.add_actions(actions))
+    for action in actions:
+        cg.add(obj.add_action(action))
     return obj
 
 

esphome/build_gen/arduino8266.py

@@ -1057,7 +1057,7 @@ def write_project(paths: InstalledPaths, ccache: str | None) -> bool:
     cxx = (toolchain_tool(paths.toolchain, "g++"),)
     lines = [
         *tool_lines((toolchain_tool(paths.toolchain, "gcc"),), cxx, ccache),
-        *compile_rule_lines(),
+        *compile_rule_lines(ccache),
         *ar_rule_lines(toolchain_tool(paths.toolchain, "ar")),
         *pch_rule_lines(),
         "rule link",

esphome/build_gen/host.py

@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ def write_project(compilers: HostCompilers, ccache: str | None) -> bool:
 
     lines = [
         *tool_lines(compilers.cc, compilers.cxx, ccache),
-        *compile_rule_lines(),
+        *compile_rule_lines(ccache),
         *pch_rule_lines(),
         "rule link",
         "  command = $cxx -o $out $linkflags @$out.rsp $archives $libdirflags $libflags",

esphome/build_helpers/ninja_gen.py

@@ -74,33 +74,40 @@ def tool_lines(
         # path gets
         f"python = {_q(strip_win_long_path_prefix(sys.executable))}",
         f"buildtool = {_q(_BUILD_TOOL)}",
-        f"ccache = {_q(ccache) if ccache else ''}",
+        *([f"ccache = {_q(ccache)}"] if ccache else []),
         "",
     ]
 
 
-def compile_rule_lines() -> list[str]:
-    """The compile rules; ``$own_includes`` is empty unless an edge sets it."""
+def compile_rule_lines(ccache: str | None) -> list[str]:
+    """The compile rules; ``$own_includes`` is empty unless an edge sets it.
+
+    ``ccache`` is the launcher ``tool_lines`` was given; the same test here
+    keeps the variable and the rules in step. It is spliced in rather than
+    left as an empty variable: a leading space on the command line makes
+    CreateProcess fail on Windows.
+    """
+    launcher = "$ccache " if ccache else ""
     return [
         "rule c",
-        "  command = $ccache $cc -MMD -MF $out.d $own_includes $cflags $flags -c $in -o $out",
+        f"  command = {launcher}$cc -MMD -MF $out.d $own_includes $cflags $flags -c $in -o $out",
         "  depfile = $out.d",
         "  deps = gcc",
         "  description = CC $out",
         "rule cxx",
-        "  command = $ccache $cxx -MMD -MF $out.d $own_includes $cxxflags $flags -c $in -o $out",
+        f"  command = {launcher}$cxx -MMD -MF $out.d $own_includes $cxxflags $flags -c $in -o $out",
         "  depfile = $out.d",
         "  deps = gcc",
         "  description = CXX $out",
         "rule aspp",
-        "  command = $ccache $cc -MMD -MF $out.d -x assembler-with-cpp $own_includes $asflags $flags -c $in -o $out",
+        f"  command = {launcher}$cc -MMD -MF $out.d -x assembler-with-cpp $own_includes $asflags $flags -c $in -o $out",
         "  depfile = $out.d",
         "  deps = gcc",
         "  description = AS $out",
         # Plain assembler, as SCons's ASCOM: no preprocessor, so no
         # depfile and no $flags (defines/includes) either
         "rule asm",
-        "  command = $ccache $cc -x assembler $asflags -c $in -o $out",
+        f"  command = {launcher}$cc -x assembler $asflags -c $in -o $out",
         "  description = AS $out",
     ]
 

esphome/bundle.py

@@ -102,25 +102,21 @@ _KNOWN_FILE_EXTENSIONS = frozenset(
 )
 
 
-# Matches !secret references in YAML text.  An optional surrounding
-# quote pair around the key is allowed and ignored: YAML treats
-# ``!secret 'foo'`` and ``!secret foo`` as the same key.  This is
-# intentionally a simple regex scan rather than a YAML parse — it may
-# match inside comments or multi-line strings, which is the conservative
-# direction (include more secrets rather than fewer).
-_SECRET_RE = re.compile(r"""!secret\s+['"]?([^\s'"]+)""")
-
-
 def _find_used_secret_keys(yaml_files: list[Path]) -> set[str]:
     """Scan YAML files for ``!secret <key>`` references."""
     keys: set[str] = set()
     for fpath in yaml_files:
         try:
             text = fpath.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-        except (OSError, UnicodeDecodeError):
+        except (OSError, UnicodeDecodeError) as err:
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Could not scan %s for !secret references (%s); the bundled "
+                "secret set may be incomplete",
+                fpath,
+                err,
+            )
             continue
-        for match in _SECRET_RE.finditer(text):
-            keys.add(match.group(1))
+        keys |= yaml_util.find_secret_references(text)
     return keys
 
 
@@ -422,6 +418,18 @@ class ConfigBundleCreator:
         must ship every candidate so the remote build can pick any one.
         """
         discovered = yaml_util.discover_user_yaml_files(self._config_path)
+        if discovered.load_errors:
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Bundle may be incomplete; could not load all configuration files: %s",
+                "; ".join(discovered.load_errors),
+            )
+        if discovered.unresolved:
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Bundle may be incomplete; %d !include path(s) use "
+                "substitutions and cannot be captured: %s",
+                len(discovered.unresolved),
+                ", ".join(discovered.unresolved),
+            )
         self._secrets_paths.update(discovered.secrets)
         # A !secret inside a file this re-parse does not reach (for example
         # a git-fetched package the builder re-fetches) still resolves

esphome/codegen.py

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ from esphome.cpp_generator import (  # noqa: F401
     safe_exp,
     set_cpp_standard,
     shared_progmem_array,
+    shared_progmem_string,
     statement,
     static_const_array,
     static_function,
@@ -52,11 +53,14 @@ from esphome.cpp_generator import (  # noqa: F401
     with_local_variable,
 )
 from esphome.cpp_helpers import (  # noqa: F401
+    add_pin,
+    add_variable,
     build_registry_entry,
     build_registry_list,
     extract_registry_entry_config,
     get_slot_count,
     gpio_pin_expression,
+    new_bus_component,
     past_safe_mode,
     register_component,
     register_parented,

esphome/components/a4988/stepper.py

@@ -23,11 +23,6 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await stepper.register_stepper(var, config)
 
-    step_pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_STEP_PIN])
-    cg.add(var.set_step_pin(step_pin))
-    dir_pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_DIR_PIN])
-    cg.add(var.set_dir_pin(dir_pin))
-
-    if sleep_pin_config := config.get(CONF_SLEEP_PIN):
-        sleep_pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(sleep_pin_config)
-        cg.add(var.set_sleep_pin(sleep_pin))
+    await cg.add_pin(var.set_step_pin, config[CONF_STEP_PIN])
+    await cg.add_pin(var.set_dir_pin, config[CONF_DIR_PIN])
+    await cg.add_pin(var.set_sleep_pin, config.get(CONF_SLEEP_PIN))

esphome/components/absolute_humidity/sensor.py

@@ -19,11 +19,7 @@ AbsoluteHumidityComponent = absolute_humidity_ns.class_(
 SaturationVaporPressureEquation = absolute_humidity_ns.enum(
     "SaturationVaporPressureEquation"
 )
-EQUATION = {
-    "BUCK": SaturationVaporPressureEquation.BUCK,
-    "TETENS": SaturationVaporPressureEquation.TETENS,
-    "WOBUS": SaturationVaporPressureEquation.WOBUS,
-}
+EQUATION = SaturationVaporPressureEquation.options("BUCK", "TETENS", "WOBUS")
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     sensor.sensor_schema(
@@ -48,10 +44,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
-    temperature_sensor = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_TEMPERATURE])
-    cg.add(var.set_temperature_sensor(temperature_sensor))
-
-    humidity_sensor = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_HUMIDITY])
-    cg.add(var.set_humidity_sensor(humidity_sensor))
+    await cg.add_variable(var.set_temperature_sensor, config[CONF_TEMPERATURE])
+    await cg.add_variable(var.set_humidity_sensor, config[CONF_HUMIDITY])
 
     cg.add(var.set_equation(config[CONF_EQUATION]))

esphome/components/ac_dimmer/output.py

@@ -14,11 +14,9 @@ ac_dimmer_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ac_dimmer")
 AcDimmer = ac_dimmer_ns.class_("AcDimmer", output.FloatOutput, cg.Component)
 
 DimMethod = ac_dimmer_ns.enum("DimMethod")
-DIM_METHODS = {
-    "LEADING_PULSE": DimMethod.DIM_METHOD_LEADING_PULSE,
-    "LEADING": DimMethod.DIM_METHOD_LEADING,
-    "TRAILING": DimMethod.DIM_METHOD_TRAILING,
-}
+DIM_METHODS = DimMethod.options(
+    "LEADING_PULSE", "LEADING", "TRAILING", prefix="DIM_METHOD_"
+)
 
 ZC_INTERRUPT_TYPES = {
     "RISING": gpio_ns.INTERRUPT_RISING_EDGE,
@@ -70,10 +68,8 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         config[CONF_MIN_POWER] = 0.1
     await output.register_output(var, config)
 
-    pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_GATE_PIN])
-    cg.add(var.set_gate_pin(pin))
-    pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_ZERO_CROSS_PIN])
-    cg.add(var.set_zero_cross_pin(pin))
+    await cg.add_pin(var.set_gate_pin, config[CONF_GATE_PIN])
+    await cg.add_pin(var.set_zero_cross_pin, config[CONF_ZERO_CROSS_PIN])
     cg.add(var.set_zero_cross_interrupt_type(config[CONF_ZERO_CROSS_INTERRUPT_TYPE]))
     cg.add(var.set_init_with_half_cycle(config[CONF_INIT_WITH_HALF_CYCLE]))
     cg.add(var.set_method(config[CONF_METHOD]))

esphome/components/adc/__init__.py

@@ -46,11 +46,7 @@ ATTENUATION_MODES = {
 
 sampling_mode = adc_ns.enum("SamplingMode", is_class=True)
 
-SAMPLING_MODES = {
-    "avg": sampling_mode.AVG,
-    "min": sampling_mode.MIN,
-    "max": sampling_mode.MAX,
-}
+SAMPLING_MODES = sampling_mode.options("avg", "min", "max")
 
 adc_unit_t = cg.global_ns.enum("adc_unit_t", is_class=True)
 

esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor.h

@@ -128,10 +128,10 @@ class ADCSensor final : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent, public v
 #endif  // USE_RP2
 
  protected:
-  uint8_t sample_count_{1};
-  bool output_raw_{false};
+  uint8_t sample_count_{1};  // Must match DEFAULT_SAMPLES in sensor.py
+  bool output_raw_{false};   // Must match CONF_RAW default in sensor.py
   InternalGPIOPin *pin_;
-  SamplingMode sampling_mode_{SamplingMode::AVG};
+  SamplingMode sampling_mode_{SamplingMode::AVG};  // Must match DEFAULT_SAMPLING_MODE in sensor.py
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
   float sample_autorange_();
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ class ADCSensor final : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent, public v
   bool autorange_{false};
   adc_oneshot_unit_handle_t adc_handle_{nullptr};
   adc_cali_handle_t calibration_handle_{nullptr};
-  adc_atten_t attenuation_{ADC_ATTEN_DB_0};
+  adc_atten_t attenuation_{ADC_ATTEN_DB_0};  // Must match DEFAULT_ATTENUATION in sensor.py
   adc_channel_t channel_{};
   adc_unit_t adc_unit_{};
   struct SetupFlags {

esphome/components/adc/sensor.py

@@ -48,6 +48,11 @@ AUTO_LOAD = ["voltage_sampler"]
 CONF_SAMPLES = "samples"
 CONF_SAMPLING_MODE = "sampling_mode"
 
+# Keep in sync with the initializers in adc_sensor.h
+DEFAULT_ATTENUATION = "0db"
+DEFAULT_SAMPLING_MODE = "avg"
+DEFAULT_SAMPLES = 1
+
 
 _attenuation = cv.enum(ATTENUATION_MODES, lower=True)
 _sampling_mode = cv.enum(SAMPLING_MODES, lower=True)
@@ -65,7 +70,10 @@ def validate_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     ):
         raise cv.Invalid("ESP32-S31 only supports 'attenuation: 0db'")
 
-    if config.get(CONF_ATTENUATION, None) == "auto" and config.get(CONF_SAMPLES, 1) > 1:
+    if (
+        config.get(CONF_ATTENUATION, None) == "auto"
+        and config.get(CONF_SAMPLES, DEFAULT_SAMPLES) > 1
+    ):
         raise cv.Invalid(
             "Automatic attenuation cannot be used when multisampling is set"
         )
@@ -113,12 +121,16 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
         {
             cv.Required(CONF_PIN): validate_adc_pin,
             cv.Optional(CONF_RAW, default=False): cv.boolean,
-            cv.SplitDefault(CONF_ATTENUATION, esp32="0db"): cv.All(
+            cv.SplitDefault(CONF_ATTENUATION, esp32=DEFAULT_ATTENUATION): cv.All(
                 cv.only_on_esp32, _attenuation
             ),
             cv.OnlyWith(CONF_NRF_SAADC, PLATFORM_NRF52): cv.declare_id(adc_dt_spec),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_SAMPLES, default=1): cv.int_range(min=1, max=255),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_SAMPLING_MODE, default="avg"): _sampling_mode,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_SAMPLES, default=DEFAULT_SAMPLES): cv.int_range(
+                min=1, max=255
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_SAMPLING_MODE, default=DEFAULT_SAMPLING_MODE
+            ): _sampling_mode,
         }
     )
     .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s")),
@@ -152,12 +164,15 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         # Remove before 2027.2.0
         cg.add(var.set_is_temperature())
     elif not CORE.is_nrf52 or config[CONF_PIN][CONF_NUMBER] not in EXTRA_ADC:
-        pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_PIN])
-        cg.add(var.set_pin(pin))
+        await cg.add_pin(var.set_pin, config[CONF_PIN])
 
-    cg.add(var.set_output_raw(config[CONF_RAW]))
-    cg.add(var.set_sample_count(config[CONF_SAMPLES]))
-    cg.add(var.set_sampling_mode(config[CONF_SAMPLING_MODE]))
+    # Skip the setters when the config matches the C++ initializers.
+    if config[CONF_RAW]:
+        cg.add(var.set_output_raw(True))
+    if (samples := config[CONF_SAMPLES]) != DEFAULT_SAMPLES:
+        cg.add(var.set_sample_count(samples))
+    if (sampling_mode := config[CONF_SAMPLING_MODE]) != DEFAULT_SAMPLING_MODE:
+        cg.add(var.set_sampling_mode(sampling_mode))
 
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         # Re-enable ESP-IDF's ADC driver (excluded by default to save compile time)
@@ -166,7 +181,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         if attenuation := config.get(CONF_ATTENUATION):
             if attenuation == "auto":
                 cg.add(var.set_autorange(cg.global_ns.true))
-            else:
+            elif attenuation != DEFAULT_ATTENUATION:
                 cg.add(var.set_attenuation(attenuation))
 
         variant = get_esp32_variant()

esphome/components/adc128s102/__init__.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
@@ -20,6 +19,4 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 
 
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
+    await spi.new_spi_component(config)

esphome/components/addressable_light/display.py

@@ -56,8 +56,4 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         )
         cg.add(var.set_pixel_mapper(pixel_mapper_template_))
 
-    if lambda_config := config.get(CONF_LAMBDA):
-        lambda_ = await cg.process_lambda(
-            lambda_config, [(display.DisplayRef, "it")], return_type=cg.void
-        )
-        cg.add(var.set_writer(lambda_))
+    await display.add_writer(var, config)

esphome/components/ade7880/ade7880_i2c.cpp

@@ -11,12 +11,6 @@
 
 namespace esphome::ade7880 {
 
-// adapted from https://stackoverflow.com/a/55912127/1886371
-template<size_t Bits, typename T> inline T sign_extend(const T &v) noexcept {
-  using S = struct { signed Val : Bits; };
-  return reinterpret_cast<const S *>(&v)->Val;
-}
-
 // Register types
 // unsigned 8-bit (uint8_t)
 // signed 10-bit - 16-bit ZP on wire (int16_t, needs sign extension)
@@ -49,7 +43,7 @@ uint16_t ADE7880::read_u16_register16_(uint16_t a_register) {
 
 int32_t ADE7880::read_s24zp_register16_(uint16_t a_register) {
   // s24zp means 24 bit signed value in the lower 24 bits of a 32-bit register
-  int32_t in;
+  uint32_t in;
   this->read_register16(a_register, reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(&in), sizeof(in));
   return sign_extend<24>(convert_big_endian(in));
 }

esphome/components/ade7880/sensor.py

@@ -282,20 +282,11 @@ async def power_channel(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
 
 
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
+    var = await i2c.new_i2c_component(config)
 
-    if irq0_pin := config.get(CONF_IRQ0_PIN):
-        pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(irq0_pin)
-        cg.add(var.set_irq0_pin(pin))
-
-    pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_IRQ1_PIN])
-    cg.add(var.set_irq1_pin(pin))
-
-    if reset_pin := config.get(CONF_RESET_PIN):
-        pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(reset_pin)
-        cg.add(var.set_reset_pin(pin))
+    await cg.add_pin(var.set_irq0_pin, config.get(CONF_IRQ0_PIN))
+    await cg.add_pin(var.set_irq1_pin, config[CONF_IRQ1_PIN])
+    await cg.add_pin(var.set_reset_pin, config.get(CONF_RESET_PIN))
 
     if frequency := config.get(CONF_FREQUENCY):
         cg.add(var.set_frequency(frequency))

esphome/components/ade7953_base/__init__.py

@@ -169,9 +169,7 @@ ADE7953_CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 async def register_ade7953(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
-    if irq_pin_config := config.get(CONF_IRQ_PIN):
-        irq_pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(irq_pin_config)
-        cg.add(var.set_irq_pin(irq_pin))
+    await cg.add_pin(var.set_irq_pin, config.get(CONF_IRQ_PIN))
 
     cg.add(var.set_pga_v(PGA_GAINS[config.get(CONF_VOLTAGE_PGA_GAIN)]))
     cg.add(var.set_pga_ia(PGA_GAINS[config.get(CONF_CURRENT_PGA_GAIN_A)]))

esphome/components/ads1115/__init__.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -27,8 +26,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 
 
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
+    var = await i2c.new_i2c_component(config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_continuous_mode(config[CONF_CONTINUOUS_MODE]))

esphome/components/ads1115/ads1115.cpp

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ static const uint8_t ADS1115_REGISTER_CONFIG = 0x01;
 void ADS1115Component::setup() {
   uint16_t value;
   if (!this->read_byte_16(ADS1115_REGISTER_CONVERSION, &value)) {
-    this->mark_failed();
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL));
     return;
   }
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ void ADS1115Component::setup() {
   config |= 0b0000000000000011;
 
   if (!this->write_byte_16(ADS1115_REGISTER_CONFIG, config)) {
-    this->mark_failed();
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL));
     return;
   }
   this->prev_config_ = config;
@@ -66,9 +66,6 @@ void ADS1115Component::setup() {
 void ADS1115Component::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "ADS1115:");
   LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this);
-  if (this->is_failed()) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL);
-  }
 }
 float ADS1115Component::request_measurement(ADS1115Multiplexer multiplexer, ADS1115Gain gain,
                                             ADS1115Resolution resolution, ADS1115Samplerate samplerate) {

esphome/components/ads1118/__init__.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import spi
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@solomondg1"]
@@ -26,6 +25,4 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 
 
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
+    await spi.new_spi_component(config)

esphome/components/ags10/sensor.py

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ADDRESS,
-    CONF_ID,
     CONF_MODE,
     CONF_TVOC,
     CONF_VALUE,
@@ -58,9 +57,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = i2c.final_validate_device_schema("ags10", max_frequency=
 
 
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
+    var = await i2c.new_i2c_component(config)
 
     sensors = sensor.sub_sensors(config)
     await sensors(CONF_TVOC, var.set_tvoc)
@@ -84,11 +81,9 @@ automation.register_apply_action(
 )
 
 AGS10SetZeroPointActionMode = ags10_ns.enum("AGS10SetZeroPointActionMode")
-AGS10_SET_ZERO_POINT_ACTION_MODE = {
-    "FACTORY_DEFAULT": AGS10SetZeroPointActionMode.FACTORY_DEFAULT,
-    "CURRENT_VALUE": AGS10SetZeroPointActionMode.CURRENT_VALUE,
-    "CUSTOM_VALUE": AGS10SetZeroPointActionMode.CUSTOM_VALUE,
-}
+AGS10_SET_ZERO_POINT_ACTION_MODE = AGS10SetZeroPointActionMode.options(
+    "FACTORY_DEFAULT", "CURRENT_VALUE", "CUSTOM_VALUE"
+)
 
 AGS10_SET_ZERO_POINT_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {

esphome/components/aht10/aht10.cpp

@@ -52,8 +52,7 @@ void AHT10Component::setup() {
       break;
   }
   if (error_code != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL);
-    this->mark_failed();
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL));
     return;
   }
   uint8_t cal_attempts = 0;
@@ -61,20 +60,17 @@ void AHT10Component::setup() {
   while (data & AHT10_STATUS_BUSY) {
     delay(AHT10_DEFAULT_DELAY);
     if (this->read(&data, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL);
-      this->mark_failed();
+      this->mark_failed(LOG_STR(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL));
       return;
     }
     ++cal_attempts;
     if (cal_attempts > AHT10_INIT_ATTEMPTS) {
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Initialization timed out");
-      this->mark_failed();
+      this->mark_failed(LOG_STR("Initialization timed out"));
       return;
     }
   }
   if ((data & 0x68) != 0x08) {  // Bit[6:5] = 0b00, NORMAL mode and Bit[3] = 0b1, CALIBRATED
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Initialization failed");
-    this->mark_failed();
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR("Initialization failed"));
     return;
   }
 }
@@ -152,9 +148,6 @@ void AHT10Component::update() {
 void AHT10Component::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "AHT10:");
   LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this);
-  if (this->is_failed()) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL);
-  }
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Temperature", this->temperature_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Humidity", this->humidity_sensor_);
 }

esphome/components/aht10/sensor.py

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_HUMIDITY,
-    CONF_ID,
     CONF_TEMPERATURE,
     CONF_VARIANT,
     DEVICE_CLASS_HUMIDITY,
@@ -20,10 +19,7 @@ aht10_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("aht10")
 AHT10Component = aht10_ns.class_("AHT10Component", cg.PollingComponent, i2c.I2CDevice)
 
 AHT10Variant = aht10_ns.enum("AHT10Variant")
-AHT10_VARIANTS = {
-    "AHT10": AHT10Variant.AHT10,
-    "AHT20": AHT10Variant.AHT20,
-}
+AHT10_VARIANTS = AHT10Variant.options("AHT10", "AHT20")
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     cv.Schema(
@@ -52,9 +48,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 
 
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
+    var = await i2c.new_i2c_component(config)
     cg.add(var.set_variant(config[CONF_VARIANT]))
 
     sensors = sensor.sub_sensors(config)

esphome/components/aic3204/aic3204.cpp

@@ -10,8 +10,7 @@ ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "aic3204");
 
 #define ERROR_CHECK(err, msg) \
   if (!(err)) { \
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, msg); \
-    this->mark_failed(); \
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR(msg)); \
     return; \
   }
 
@@ -108,10 +107,6 @@ void AIC3204::setup() {
 void AIC3204::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "AIC3204:");
   LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this);
-
-  if (this->is_failed()) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL);
-  }
 }
 
 bool AIC3204::set_mute_off() {

esphome/components/aic3204/audio_dac.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 from esphome.components.audio_dac import AudioDac
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_MODE
+from esphome.const import CONF_MODE
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
@@ -41,6 +41,4 @@ automation.register_apply_action(
 
 
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
+    await i2c.new_i2c_component(config)

esphome/components/airthings_wave_plus/sensor.py

@@ -29,10 +29,7 @@ AirthingsWavePlus = airthings_wave_plus_ns.class_(
 
 CONF_DEVICE_TYPE = "device_type"
 WaveDeviceType = airthings_wave_plus_ns.enum("WaveDeviceType")
-DEVICE_TYPES = {
-    "WAVE_PLUS": WaveDeviceType.WAVE_PLUS,
-    "WAVE_GEN2": WaveDeviceType.WAVE_GEN2,
-}
+DEVICE_TYPES = WaveDeviceType.options("WAVE_PLUS", "WAVE_GEN2")
 
 
 def validate_wave_gen2_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:

esphome/components/airton/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+CODEOWNERS = ["@Procsiab"]
+DOMAIN = "airton"

esphome/components/airton/airton.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+#include "airton.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::airton {
+
+ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "airton.climate");
+
+// Distinct from the climate's own RESTORE_STATE_VERSION, which shares the entity's preference key
+static constexpr uint32_t RESTORE_SETTINGS_VERSION = 0x2E86A1F3UL;
+
+// From IRutils.h of IRremoteESP8266 library
+static uint8_t checksum(const uint8_t *frame) {
+  return static_cast<uint8_t>(0x7F - sum_bytes(frame, AIRTON_STATE_FRAME_SIZE - 1)) ^ 0x2C;
+}
+
+void AirtonClimate::setup() {
+  climate_ir::ClimateIR::setup();
+  // The flap position is the one source of truth for the swing mode the climate state restored
+  this->settings_pref_ = this->make_entity_preference<AirtonSettings>(RESTORE_SETTINGS_VERSION);
+  this->settings_pref_.load(&this->settings_);
+  this->sync_swing_mode_();
+  this->publish_settings_();
+  this->publish_state();
+}
+
+void AirtonClimate::publish_settings_() {
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+  if (this->sleep_mode_switch_ != nullptr)
+    this->sleep_mode_switch_->publish_state(this->settings_.sleep_state);
+  if (this->display_switch_ != nullptr)
+    this->display_switch_->publish_state(this->settings_.display_state);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+  if (this->vertical_direction_select_ != nullptr)
+    this->vertical_direction_select_->publish_state(static_cast<size_t>(this->settings_.vertical_direction));
+#endif
+}
+
+void AirtonClimate::save_settings_() { this->settings_pref_.save(&this->settings_); }
+
+void AirtonClimate::sync_swing_mode_() {
+  this->swing_mode = this->settings_.vertical_direction == VerticalDirection::VERTICAL_DIRECTION_SWING
+                         ? climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL
+                         : climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF;
+}
+
+// The unit has no sleep mode while it only fans or picks the mode itself
+bool AirtonClimate::sleep_mode_allowed_() const {
+  return this->mode != climate::CLIMATE_MODE_FAN_ONLY && this->mode != climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT_COOL;
+}
+
+// Each setter stores and saves before it publishes: an automation on the entity runs inside
+// publish_state() and may set the value again, which must not be undone afterwards
+bool AirtonClimate::set_sleep_mode_state(bool state) {
+  state = state && this->sleep_mode_allowed_();
+  const bool changed = state != this->settings_.sleep_state;
+  if (changed) {
+    this->settings_.sleep_state = state;
+    this->save_settings_();
+  }
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+  if (this->sleep_mode_switch_ != nullptr)
+    this->sleep_mode_switch_->publish_state(state);
+#endif
+  return changed;
+}
+
+bool AirtonClimate::set_display_state(bool state) {
+  const bool changed = state != this->settings_.display_state;
+  if (changed) {
+    this->settings_.display_state = state;
+    this->save_settings_();
+  }
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+  if (this->display_switch_ != nullptr)
+    this->display_switch_->publish_state(state);
+#endif
+  return changed;
+}
+
+bool AirtonClimate::set_vertical_direction_state(VerticalDirection direction) {
+  const bool changed = direction != this->settings_.vertical_direction;
+  if (changed) {
+    this->settings_.vertical_direction = direction;
+    this->sync_swing_mode_();
+    this->save_settings_();
+  }
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+  if (this->vertical_direction_select_ != nullptr)
+    this->vertical_direction_select_->publish_state(static_cast<size_t>(direction));
+#endif
+  return changed;
+}
+
+void AirtonClimate::send_settings() {
+  this->transmit_state();
+  this->publish_state();
+}
+
+void AirtonClimate::control(const climate::ClimateCall &call) {
+  // ClimateIR::control() sends and publishes the whole state afterwards
+  // Only a change of swing mode moves the flap, so a repeated swing-off keeps a fixed position
+  if (auto swing_mode = call.get_swing_mode(); swing_mode.has_value() && *swing_mode != this->swing_mode) {
+    this->set_vertical_direction_state(*swing_mode == climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL
+                                           ? VerticalDirection::VERTICAL_DIRECTION_SWING
+                                           : VerticalDirection::VERTICAL_DIRECTION_OFF);
+  }
+  ClimateIR::control(call);
+}
+
+void AirtonClimate::transmit_state() {
+  // Entering fan-only or automatic mode drops sleep mode, as the remote does
+  if (!this->sleep_mode_allowed_())
+    this->set_sleep_mode_state(false);
+  // Sampled valid state
+  // Power: On, Mode: 2 (Dry), Fan: 1 (Quiet), Temp: 20C, Swing(V): On, Econo: Off, Turbo: Off, Light: On, Health: On,
+  // Sleep: Off. 0x74C461041A11D3
+  // The turbo bit above the fan speed stays clear, as the remote sends it
+  uint8_t remote_state[AIRTON_STATE_FRAME_SIZE] = {
+      AIRTON_HEADER_BYTE0,
+      AIRTON_HEADER_BYTE1,
+      static_cast<uint8_t>(this->operation_mode_() | (this->fan_speed_() << 4)),
+      this->temperature_(),
+      static_cast<uint8_t>(this->settings_.vertical_direction),
+      this->operation_settings_(),
+      0,
+  };
+  remote_state[6] = checksum(remote_state);
+
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Sending: %02X %02X %02X %02X %02X %02X %02X", remote_state[6], remote_state[5], remote_state[4],
+           remote_state[3], remote_state[2], remote_state[1], remote_state[0]);
+
+  auto transmit = this->transmitter_->transmit();
+  auto *data = transmit.get_data();
+  data->set_carrier_frequency(AIRTON_IR_FREQUENCY);
+  data->mark(AIRTON_HEADER_MARK);
+  data->space(AIRTON_HEADER_SPACE);
+  for (uint8_t payload_byte : remote_state) {
+    for (uint8_t payload_bit_cursor = 0; payload_bit_cursor < 8; payload_bit_cursor++) {
+      data->mark(AIRTON_BIT_MARK);
+      bool bit = payload_byte & (1 << payload_bit_cursor);
+      data->space(bit ? AIRTON_ONE_SPACE : AIRTON_ZERO_SPACE);
+    }
+  }
+
+  data->mark(AIRTON_BIT_MARK);
+  data->space(AIRTON_MESSAGE_SPACE);
+
+  transmit.perform();
+}
+
+uint8_t AirtonClimate::operation_mode_() {
+  uint8_t operating_mode = 0b1000;  // First bit is for power state
+  switch (this->mode) {
+    case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL:
+      operating_mode |= AIRTON_MODE_COOL;
+      break;
+    case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_DRY:
+      operating_mode |= AIRTON_MODE_DRY;
+      break;
+    case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT:
+      operating_mode |= AIRTON_MODE_HEAT;
+      break;
+    case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT_COOL:
+      operating_mode |= AIRTON_MODE_AUTO;
+      break;
+    case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_FAN_ONLY:
+      operating_mode |= AIRTON_MODE_FAN;
+      break;
+    case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF:
+    default:
+      operating_mode = 0b0111 & this->previous_mode_;  // Set previous mode with power state bit off
+  }
+  this->previous_mode_ = operating_mode;
+  return operating_mode;
+}
+
+uint8_t AirtonClimate::fan_speed_() {
+  uint8_t fan_speed;
+  switch (this->fan_mode.value_or(climate::CLIMATE_FAN_AUTO)) {
+    case climate::CLIMATE_FAN_LOW:
+      fan_speed = AIRTON_FAN_1;
+      break;
+    case climate::CLIMATE_FAN_MEDIUM:
+      fan_speed = AIRTON_FAN_3;
+      break;
+    case climate::CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH:
+      fan_speed = AIRTON_FAN_5;
+      break;
+    case climate::CLIMATE_FAN_AUTO:
+    default:
+      fan_speed = AIRTON_FAN_AUTO;
+  }
+  return fan_speed;
+}
+
+uint8_t AirtonClimate::temperature_() {
+  switch (this->mode) {
+    case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT_COOL:
+      return AIRTON_AUTO_MODE_TEMP - AIRTON_TEMP_MIN;
+    default:
+      return static_cast<uint8_t>(roundf(clamp<float>(this->target_temperature, AIRTON_TEMP_MIN, AIRTON_TEMP_MAX))) -
+             AIRTON_TEMP_MIN;
+  }
+}
+
+// The bits of this packet's byte have the following meanings (from MSB to LSB)
+// Light, Health, Unknown, HeatOn, Unknown, NotAutoOn, Sleep, Econo
+uint8_t AirtonClimate::operation_settings_() {
+  uint8_t settings = 0;
+  if (this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT) {  // Set heating bit if on the corresponding mode
+    settings |= (1 << 4);
+  }
+  if (this->settings_.display_state) {
+    settings |= (1 << 7);
+  }
+  if (this->settings_.sleep_state) {
+    settings |= (1 << 1);
+  }
+  settings |= 0b01000000;  // Health, as the remote always sends it
+  if (this->mode != climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT_COOL) {
+    settings |= 0b00000100;  // NotAutoOn: clear only while the unit picks the mode itself
+  }
+  return settings;
+}
+
+void AirtonClimate::parse_state_frame_(const uint8_t *frame) {
+  uint8_t mode = frame[2];
+  // A later "off" repeats the mode the remote last sent, as the remote itself does
+  this->previous_mode_ = mode & 0b00001111;
+  if (mode & 0b00001000) {  // The power bit
+    switch (mode & 0b00000111) {
+      case AIRTON_MODE_COOL:
+        this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL;
+        break;
+      case AIRTON_MODE_DRY:
+        this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_DRY;
+        break;
+      case AIRTON_MODE_HEAT:
+        this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT;
+        break;
+      case AIRTON_MODE_AUTO:
+        this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT_COOL;
+        break;
+      case AIRTON_MODE_FAN:
+        this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_FAN_ONLY;
+        break;
+    }
+  } else {
+    this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF;
+  }
+  uint8_t fan_mode = (frame[2] & 0b01110000) >> 4;
+
+  switch (fan_mode) {
+    case AIRTON_FAN_1:
+    case AIRTON_FAN_2:
+      this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_LOW;
+      break;
+    case AIRTON_FAN_3:
+      this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_MEDIUM;
+      break;
+    case AIRTON_FAN_4:
+    case AIRTON_FAN_5:
+      this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH;
+      break;
+    case AIRTON_FAN_AUTO:
+      this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_AUTO;
+      break;
+  }
+
+  this->target_temperature = (frame[3] & 0b00001111) + AIRTON_TEMP_MIN;
+
+  const uint8_t direction = frame[4] & 0b00001111;
+  if (direction <= static_cast<uint8_t>(VerticalDirection::VERTICAL_DIRECTION_DOWN)) {
+    this->set_vertical_direction_state(static_cast<VerticalDirection>(direction));
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Unknown vertical direction %u", direction);
+  }
+  this->set_display_state((frame[5] & 0b10000000) != 0);
+  this->set_sleep_mode_state((frame[5] & 0b00000010) != 0);
+
+  this->publish_state();
+}
+
+bool AirtonClimate::on_receive(remote_base::RemoteReceiveData data) {
+  uint8_t remote_state[AIRTON_STATE_FRAME_SIZE] = {};
+  if (!data.expect_item(AIRTON_HEADER_MARK, AIRTON_HEADER_SPACE)) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Wrong header encoding detected!");
+    return false;
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < AIRTON_STATE_FRAME_SIZE; i++) {
+    for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
+      if (data.expect_item(AIRTON_BIT_MARK, AIRTON_ONE_SPACE)) {
+        remote_state[i] |= 1 << j;
+      } else if (!data.expect_item(AIRTON_BIT_MARK, AIRTON_ZERO_SPACE)) {
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Wrong modulation encoding for: Byte %d, bit %d", i, j);
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (remote_state[0] != AIRTON_HEADER_BYTE0 || remote_state[1] != AIRTON_HEADER_BYTE1) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Wrong header contents: %02X %02X", remote_state[1], remote_state[0]);
+    return false;
+  }
+  const uint8_t expected = checksum(remote_state);
+  if (remote_state[AIRTON_STATE_FRAME_SIZE - 1] != expected) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Checksum error: calculated %02X, received %02X", expected,
+             remote_state[AIRTON_STATE_FRAME_SIZE - 1]);
+    return false;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Received: %02X %02X %02X %02X %02X %02X %02X", remote_state[6], remote_state[5], remote_state[4],
+           remote_state[3], remote_state[2], remote_state[1], remote_state[0]);
+  this->parse_state_frame_(remote_state);
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::airton

esphome/components/airton/airton.h

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/climate_ir/climate_ir.h"
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#include "esphome/core/preferences.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+#include "esphome/components/switch/switch.h"
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+#include "esphome/components/select/select.h"
+#endif
+
+namespace esphome::airton {
+
+// Values for Airton SMVH09B-2A2A3NH IR Controllers
+static constexpr uint8_t AIRTON_TEMP_MIN = 16;        // Celsius
+static constexpr uint8_t AIRTON_TEMP_MAX = 31;        // Celsius
+static constexpr uint8_t AIRTON_AUTO_MODE_TEMP = 25;  // The fixed setpoint the unit uses in auto mode
+
+static constexpr uint8_t AIRTON_MODE_AUTO = 0b000;
+static constexpr uint8_t AIRTON_MODE_COOL = 0b001;
+static constexpr uint8_t AIRTON_MODE_HEAT = 0b100;
+static constexpr uint8_t AIRTON_MODE_DRY = 0b010;
+static constexpr uint8_t AIRTON_MODE_FAN = 0b011;
+
+static constexpr uint8_t AIRTON_FAN_AUTO = 0b000;
+static constexpr uint8_t AIRTON_FAN_1 = 0b001;
+static constexpr uint8_t AIRTON_FAN_2 = 0b010;
+static constexpr uint8_t AIRTON_FAN_3 = 0b011;
+static constexpr uint8_t AIRTON_FAN_4 = 0b100;
+static constexpr uint8_t AIRTON_FAN_5 = 0b101;
+
+static constexpr uint32_t AIRTON_IR_FREQUENCY = 38000;
+static constexpr uint32_t AIRTON_HEADER_MARK = 6630;
+static constexpr uint32_t AIRTON_HEADER_SPACE = 3350;
+static constexpr uint32_t AIRTON_BIT_MARK = 400;
+static constexpr uint32_t AIRTON_ONE_SPACE = 1260;
+static constexpr uint32_t AIRTON_ZERO_SPACE = 430;
+static constexpr uint32_t AIRTON_MESSAGE_SPACE = 100000;
+
+static constexpr uint8_t AIRTON_STATE_FRAME_SIZE = 7;
+// Every frame starts with these two bytes
+static constexpr uint8_t AIRTON_HEADER_BYTE0 = 0xD3;
+static constexpr uint8_t AIRTON_HEADER_BYTE1 = 0x11;
+
+// Position of the air outlet flap; the values are the nibble the frame carries and the index
+// of the option in the vertical direction select
+enum class VerticalDirection : uint8_t {
+  VERTICAL_DIRECTION_OFF = 0,
+  VERTICAL_DIRECTION_SWING = 1,
+  VERTICAL_DIRECTION_UP = 2,
+  VERTICAL_DIRECTION_MIDDLE_UP = 3,
+  VERTICAL_DIRECTION_MIDDLE = 4,
+  VERTICAL_DIRECTION_MIDDLE_DOWN = 5,
+  VERTICAL_DIRECTION_DOWN = 6,
+};
+
+// The on/off settings the switch platform exposes
+enum class AirtonSetting : uint8_t {
+  AIRTON_SETTING_SLEEP_MODE,
+  AIRTON_SETTING_DISPLAY,
+};
+
+// The settings the unit keeps that the climate state does not carry; saved to flash when they change
+struct AirtonSettings {
+  bool sleep_state;
+  bool display_state;
+  VerticalDirection vertical_direction;
+};
+
+class AirtonClimate : public climate_ir::ClimateIR {
+ public:
+  AirtonClimate()
+      : climate_ir::ClimateIR(AIRTON_TEMP_MIN, AIRTON_TEMP_MAX, 1.0f, true, true,
+                              {climate::CLIMATE_FAN_AUTO, climate::CLIMATE_FAN_LOW, climate::CLIMATE_FAN_MEDIUM,
+                               climate::CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH},
+                              {climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL}) {}
+  void setup() override;
+  void control(const climate::ClimateCall &call) override;
+
+  // The direction the settings start from until a saved one is restored in setup()
+  void set_default_vertical_direction(VerticalDirection direction) { this->settings_.vertical_direction = direction; }
+
+  // The setters update the state, publish their entity and save; they return whether anything changed.
+  // A change made here (switch, select, action) is then sent with send_settings(); a frame from the
+  // remote only reports what the unit already did.
+  bool set_sleep_mode_state(bool state);
+  bool set_display_state(bool state);
+  bool set_vertical_direction_state(VerticalDirection direction);
+  void send_settings();
+  void set_setting(AirtonSetting setting, bool state) {
+    const bool changed = setting == AirtonSetting::AIRTON_SETTING_DISPLAY ? this->set_display_state(state)
+                                                                          : this->set_sleep_mode_state(state);
+    if (changed)
+      this->send_settings();
+  }
+
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+  void set_sleep_mode_switch(switch_::Switch *sw) { this->sleep_mode_switch_ = sw; }
+  void set_display_switch(switch_::Switch *sw) { this->display_switch_ = sw; }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+  void set_vertical_direction_select(select::Select *sel) { this->vertical_direction_select_ = sel; }
+#endif
+
+ protected:
+  void publish_settings_();
+  void save_settings_();
+  void sync_swing_mode_();
+  bool sleep_mode_allowed_() const;
+
+  void transmit_state() override;
+  uint8_t operation_mode_();
+  uint8_t fan_speed_();
+  uint8_t temperature_();
+  uint8_t operation_settings_();
+
+  bool on_receive(remote_base::RemoteReceiveData data) override;
+  void parse_state_frame_(const uint8_t *frame);
+
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+  switch_::Switch *sleep_mode_switch_{nullptr};
+  switch_::Switch *display_switch_{nullptr};
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+  select::Select *vertical_direction_select_{nullptr};
+#endif
+  ESPPreferenceObject settings_pref_;
+  // The unit's own defaults: display lit, no sleep mode, flap still
+  AirtonSettings settings_{false, true, VerticalDirection::VERTICAL_DIRECTION_OFF};
+  // The last mode sent, so turning off repeats it with the power bit cleared
+  uint8_t previous_mode_{0};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::airton

esphome/components/airton/climate.py

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+from esphome import automation
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import climate_ir
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
+CODEOWNERS = ["@Procsiab"]
+
+airton_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("airton")
+AirtonClimate = airton_ns.class_("AirtonClimate", climate_ir.ClimateIR)
+
+CONF_AIRTON_ID = "airton_id"
+CONF_SLEEP_MODE = "sleep_mode"
+CONF_VERTICAL_DIRECTION = "vertical_direction"
+
+VerticalDirection = airton_ns.enum("VerticalDirection", is_class=True)
+# In the order of the enum, so the option index is the direction value
+VERTICAL_DIRECTIONS = {
+    "off": VerticalDirection.VERTICAL_DIRECTION_OFF,
+    "swing": VerticalDirection.VERTICAL_DIRECTION_SWING,
+    "up": VerticalDirection.VERTICAL_DIRECTION_UP,
+    "middle-up": VerticalDirection.VERTICAL_DIRECTION_MIDDLE_UP,
+    "middle": VerticalDirection.VERTICAL_DIRECTION_MIDDLE,
+    "middle-down": VerticalDirection.VERTICAL_DIRECTION_MIDDLE_DOWN,
+    "down": VerticalDirection.VERTICAL_DIRECTION_DOWN,
+}
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(AirtonClimate).extend(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_VERTICAL_DIRECTION, default="off"): cv.enum(
+            VERTICAL_DIRECTIONS
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+AIRTON_ACTION_SCHEMA = automation.maybe_simple_id(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(AirtonClimate),
+    }
+)
+
+for _name, _call in (
+    (
+        "climate.airton.display_on",
+        "set_setting(esphome::airton::AirtonSetting::AIRTON_SETTING_DISPLAY, true)",
+    ),
+    (
+        "climate.airton.display_off",
+        "set_setting(esphome::airton::AirtonSetting::AIRTON_SETTING_DISPLAY, false)",
+    ),
+    (
+        "climate.airton.sleep_on",
+        "set_setting(esphome::airton::AirtonSetting::AIRTON_SETTING_SLEEP_MODE, true)",
+    ),
+    (
+        "climate.airton.sleep_off",
+        "set_setting(esphome::airton::AirtonSetting::AIRTON_SETTING_SLEEP_MODE, false)",
+    ),
+):
+    automation.register_apply_action(
+        _name, AIRTON_ACTION_SCHEMA, automation.ApplyCall(_call)
+    )
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    var = await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
+    # The default until a saved setting is restored in setup(); off is the member's initial value
+    if (direction := config[CONF_VERTICAL_DIRECTION]) != "off":
+        cg.add(var.set_default_vertical_direction(direction))

esphome/components/airton/select/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import select
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from ..climate import (
+    CONF_AIRTON_ID,
+    CONF_VERTICAL_DIRECTION,
+    VERTICAL_DIRECTIONS,
+    AirtonClimate,
+    airton_ns,
+)
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@Procsiab"]
+
+VerticalDirectionSelect = airton_ns.class_("VerticalDirectionSelect", select.Select)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_AIRTON_ID): cv.use_id(AirtonClimate),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_VERTICAL_DIRECTION): select.select_schema(
+            VerticalDirectionSelect,
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_AIRTON_ID])
+    selects = select.sub_selects(config, parent=hub)
+    await selects(
+        CONF_VERTICAL_DIRECTION,
+        hub.set_vertical_direction_select,
+        options=list(VERTICAL_DIRECTIONS),
+    )

esphome/components/airton/select/direction.h

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/select/select.h"
+#include "../airton.h"
+
+namespace esphome::airton {
+
+class VerticalDirectionSelect : public select::Select, public Parented<AirtonClimate> {
+ protected:
+  // The options are in the order of the enum, so the index is the direction; the parent publishes the state
+  void control(size_t index) override {
+    if (this->parent_->set_vertical_direction_state(static_cast<VerticalDirection>(index)))
+      this->parent_->send_settings();
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::airton

esphome/components/airton/switch/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import switch
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_DISPLAY, ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from ..climate import CONF_AIRTON_ID, CONF_SLEEP_MODE, AirtonClimate, airton_ns
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@Procsiab"]
+
+AirtonSwitch = airton_ns.class_("AirtonSwitch", switch.Switch)
+AirtonSetting = airton_ns.enum("AirtonSetting", is_class=True)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_AIRTON_ID): cv.use_id(AirtonClimate),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_DISPLAY): switch.switch_schema(
+            AirtonSwitch,
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+            default_restore_mode="DISABLED",
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_SLEEP_MODE): switch.switch_schema(
+            AirtonSwitch,
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+            default_restore_mode="DISABLED",
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_AIRTON_ID])
+    switches = switch.sub_switches(config, parent=hub)
+    await switches(
+        CONF_DISPLAY, hub.set_display_switch, AirtonSetting.AIRTON_SETTING_DISPLAY
+    )
+    await switches(
+        CONF_SLEEP_MODE,
+        hub.set_sleep_mode_switch,
+        AirtonSetting.AIRTON_SETTING_SLEEP_MODE,
+    )

esphome/components/airton/switch/airton_switch.h

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/switch/switch.h"
+#include "../airton.h"
+
+namespace esphome::airton {
+
+// One of the unit's on/off settings; the parent sends the state and publishes it back
+class AirtonSwitch : public switch_::Switch, public Parented<AirtonClimate> {
+ public:
+  explicit AirtonSwitch(AirtonSetting setting) : setting_(setting) {}
+
+ protected:
+  void write_state(bool state) override { this->parent_->set_setting(this->setting_, state); }
+
+  AirtonSetting setting_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::airton

esphome/components/am2315c/am2315c.cpp

@@ -42,21 +42,18 @@ bool AM2315C::reset_register_(uint8_t reg) {
   data[2] = 0;
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Reset register: 0x%02x", reg);
   if (this->write(data, 3) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Write failed!");
-    this->mark_failed();
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL));
     return false;
   }
   delay(5);
   if (this->read(data, 3) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Read failed!");
-    this->mark_failed();
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL));
     return false;
   }
   delay(10);
   data[0] = 0xB0 | reg;
   if (this->write(data, 3) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Write failed!");
-    this->mark_failed();
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL));
     return false;
   }
   delay(5);
@@ -67,7 +64,7 @@ bool AM2315C::convert_(uint8_t *data, float &humidity, float &temperature) {
   uint32_t raw;
   raw = (data[1] << 12) | (data[2] << 4) | (data[3] >> 4);
   humidity = raw * 9.5367431640625e-5;
-  raw = ((data[3] & 0x0F) << 16) | (data[4] << 8) | data[5];
+  raw = encode_uint24(data[3] & 0x0F, data[4], data[5]);
   temperature = raw * 1.9073486328125e-4 - 50;
   return crc8(data, 6, 0xFF, 0x31, true) == data[6];
 }
@@ -76,8 +73,7 @@ void AM2315C::setup() {
   // get status
   uint8_t status = 0;
   if (this->read(&status, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Read failed!");
-    this->mark_failed();
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL));
     return;
   }
 
@@ -86,18 +82,9 @@ void AM2315C::setup() {
   // never required during testing
   if ((status & 0x18) != 0x18) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Resetting AM2315C registers");
-    if (!this->reset_register_(0x1B)) {
-      this->mark_failed();
+    // reset_register_() marks the component failed with its own reason
+    if (!this->reset_register_(0x1B) || !this->reset_register_(0x1C) || !this->reset_register_(0x1E))
       return;
-    }
-    if (!this->reset_register_(0x1C)) {
-      this->mark_failed();
-      return;
-    }
-    if (!this->reset_register_(0x1E)) {
-      this->mark_failed();
-      return;
-    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -168,9 +155,6 @@ void AM2315C::update() {
 void AM2315C::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "AM2315C:");
   LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this);
-  if (this->is_failed()) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL);
-  }
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Temperature", this->temperature_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Humidity", this->humidity_sensor_);
 }

esphome/components/am2315c/sensor.py

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_HUMIDITY,
-    CONF_ID,
     CONF_TEMPERATURE,
     DEVICE_CLASS_HUMIDITY,
     DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
@@ -42,9 +41,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 
 
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
+    var = await i2c.new_i2c_component(config)
 
     sensors = sensor.sub_sensors(config)
     await sensors(CONF_TEMPERATURE, var.set_temperature_sensor)

esphome/components/am2320/am2320.cpp

@@ -37,16 +37,13 @@ void AM2320Component::setup() {
   data[0] = 0;
   data[1] = 4;
   if (!this->read_data_(data)) {
-    this->mark_failed();
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL));
     return;
   }
 }
 void AM2320Component::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "AM2320:");
   LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this);
-  if (this->is_failed()) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL);
-  }
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Temperature", this->temperature_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Humidity", this->humidity_sensor_);
 }

esphome/components/am2320/sensor.py

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_HUMIDITY,
-    CONF_ID,
     CONF_TEMPERATURE,
     DEVICE_CLASS_HUMIDITY,
     DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
@@ -44,9 +43,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 
 
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
+    var = await i2c.new_i2c_component(config)
 
     sensors = sensor.sub_sensors(config)
     await sensors(CONF_TEMPERATURE, var.set_temperature_sensor)

esphome/components/am43/cover/__init__.py

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     cover.cover_schema(Am43Component)
     .extend(
         {
-            cv.Optional(CONF_PIN, default=8888): cv.int_range(min=0, max=0xFFFF),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PIN, default=8888): cv.uint16_t,
             cv.Optional(CONF_INVERT_POSITION, default=False): cv.boolean,
         }
     )

esphome/components/analog_threshold/binary_sensor.py

@@ -37,8 +37,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
-    sens = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_SENSOR_ID])
-    cg.add(var.set_sensor(sens))
+    await cg.add_variable(var.set_sensor, config[CONF_SENSOR_ID])
 
     if isinstance(config[CONF_THRESHOLD], dict):
         lower = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_THRESHOLD][CONF_LOWER], [], cg.float_)

esphome/components/animation/animation.cpp

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
 namespace esphome::animation {
 
 Animation::Animation(const uint8_t *data_start, int width, int height, uint32_t animation_frame_count,
-                     image::ImageType type, image::Transparency transparent)
-    : Image(data_start, width, height, type, transparent),
+                     image::ImageType type, image::Transparency transparent, bool big_endian)
+    : Image(data_start, width, height, type, transparent, big_endian),
       animation_data_start_(data_start),
       current_frame_(0),
       animation_frame_count_(animation_frame_count),

esphome/components/animation/animation.h

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ namespace esphome::animation {
 class Animation final : public image::Image {
  public:
   Animation(const uint8_t *data_start, int width, int height, uint32_t animation_frame_count, image::ImageType type,
-            image::Transparency transparent);
+            image::Transparency transparent, bool big_endian = false);
 
   uint32_t get_animation_frame_count() const;
   int get_current_frame() const;

esphome/components/animation/image.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components.const import CONF_LOOP
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_BYTE_ORDER, CONF_LOOP
 from esphome.components.file import image as file_image
 from esphome.components.file.image import image_schema, write_image
 from esphome.components.image import Image_, validate_settings
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ async def setup_animation(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         frame_count,
         image_type,
         trans_value,
+        config.get(CONF_BYTE_ORDER) == "BIG_ENDIAN",
     )
     if loop_config := config.get(CONF_LOOP):
         start = loop_config[CONF_START_FRAME]

esphome/components/apc1/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+"""Support for ScioSense APC1 air quality sensor."""
+
+DOMAIN = "apc1"

esphome/components/apc1/apc1.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,343 @@
+#include "apc1.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/progmem.h"
+
+#include <cinttypes>
+#include <cmath>
+
+namespace esphome::apc1 {
+
+ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "apc1");
+
+static constexpr uint8_t APC1_MEASUREMENT_OFFSET_AQI = 58;
+static constexpr uint8_t APC1_MEASUREMENT_OFFSET_ERROR_CODE = 61;
+
+static constexpr uint8_t APC1_DEVICE_INFO_OFFSET_MODULE = 4;
+static constexpr uint8_t APC1_DEVICE_INFO_OFFSET_SERIAL = 10;
+static constexpr uint8_t APC1_DEVICE_INFO_OFFSET_FW = 19;
+
+// Give a freshly powered sensor time to boot before the first retry
+static constexpr uint32_t APC1_COLD_BOOT_INIT_DELAY_MS = 2000;
+// Re-send the init commands at most this often while no frames arrive
+static constexpr uint32_t APC1_INIT_RETRY_INTERVAL_MS = 10000;
+// Active mode streams a frame every second; this long without one means the sensor stopped
+static constexpr uint32_t APC1_NO_DATA_TIMEOUT_MS = 15000;
+// Drop a partial frame when the bytes stop mid-way
+static constexpr uint32_t APC1_RX_IDLE_TIMEOUT_MS = 200;
+
+void APC1Component::setup() {
+  if (this->set_pin_ != nullptr) {
+    this->set_pin_->setup();
+    this->set_pin_->digital_write(true);
+  }
+  if (this->reset_pin_ != nullptr) {
+    this->reset_pin_->setup();
+    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(true);
+  }
+
+  // Attempt initial communication immediately for warm restarts
+  this->initialize_device_();
+
+  // Schedule delayed initialization to catch sensors during cold power-on bootup
+  this->set_timeout(APC1_COLD_BOOT_INIT_DELAY_MS, [this]() { this->initialize_device_(); });
+}
+
+void APC1Component::initialize_device_() {
+  this->last_init_attempt_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+  if (this->active_mode_ && !this->idle_) {
+    this->set_active_mode();
+  }
+  this->send_command_(APC1Command::APC1_COMMAND_READ_SENSOR_VERSION, 0x0000);
+}
+
+void APC1Component::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "APC1:");
+  LOG_PIN("  Set Pin: ", this->set_pin_);
+  LOG_PIN("  Reset Pin: ", this->reset_pin_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "PM1.0", this->pm_1_0_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "PM2.5", this->pm_2_5_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "PM10.0", this->pm_10_0_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "PM1.0 Standard", this->pm_1_0_std_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "PM2.5 Standard", this->pm_2_5_std_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "PM10.0 Standard", this->pm_10_0_std_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "PM >0.3um", this->pm_0_3um_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "PM >0.5um", this->pm_0_5um_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "PM >1.0um", this->pm_1_0um_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "PM >2.5um", this->pm_2_5um_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "PM >5.0um", this->pm_5_0um_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "PM >10.0um", this->pm_10_0um_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "TVOC", this->tvoc_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "eCO2", this->eco2_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "AQI", this->aqi_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Temperature", this->temperature_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Humidity", this->humidity_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Raw Temperature", this->raw_temperature_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Raw Humidity", this->raw_humidity_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "RS0", this->rs0_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "RS2", this->rs2_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "RS3", this->rs3_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Error Code", this->error_code_sensor_);
+}
+
+void APC1Component::loop() {
+  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+
+  // If in active mode and not idle, retry periodically if no valid data received
+  if (this->active_mode_ && !this->idle_) {
+    if (this->last_valid_frame_ == 0) {
+      if (now - this->last_init_attempt_ >= APC1_INIT_RETRY_INTERVAL_MS) {
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Waiting for APC1 sensor to respond, sending init commands...");
+        this->initialize_device_();
+      }
+    } else if (now - this->last_valid_frame_ > APC1_NO_DATA_TIMEOUT_MS &&
+               now - this->last_init_attempt_ >= APC1_INIT_RETRY_INTERVAL_MS) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "No data received from APC1 for %" PRIu32 " ms, re-initializing...", now - this->last_valid_frame_);
+      this->initialize_device_();
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (this->rx_index_ > 0 && now - this->last_transmission_ > APC1_RX_IDLE_TIMEOUT_MS) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Timed out waiting for data, resetting buffer");
+    this->rx_index_ = 0;
+  }
+
+  while (this->available()) {
+    this->last_transmission_ = now;
+    uint8_t byte;
+    this->read_byte(&byte);
+
+    if (this->rx_index_ == 0) {
+      if (byte == APC1_HEADER_1) {
+        this->rx_buffer_[this->rx_index_++] = byte;
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (this->rx_index_ == 1) {
+      if (byte == APC1_HEADER_2) {
+        this->rx_buffer_[this->rx_index_++] = byte;
+      } else if (byte != APC1_HEADER_1) {
+        this->rx_index_ = 0;
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    this->rx_buffer_[this->rx_index_++] = byte;
+    if (this->rx_index_ < APC1_FRAME_HEADER_SIZE) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // The payload carries at least the checksum and must fit the buffer; checking it before the sum keeps a
+    // corrupt length from wrapping the total and walking past the buffer
+    const uint16_t payload_len = encode_uint16(this->rx_buffer_[2], this->rx_buffer_[3]);
+    if (payload_len < 2 || payload_len > this->rx_buffer_.size() - APC1_FRAME_HEADER_SIZE) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid frame length: %u", payload_len);
+      this->rx_index_ = 0;
+      continue;
+    }
+    const uint8_t total_len = payload_len + APC1_FRAME_HEADER_SIZE;
+    if (this->rx_index_ == total_len) {
+      this->parse_frame_(total_len);
+      this->rx_index_ = 0;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void APC1Component::parse_frame_(uint16_t total_len) {
+  uint16_t expected_checksum = encode_uint16(this->rx_buffer_[total_len - 2], this->rx_buffer_[total_len - 1]);
+  uint16_t calculated_checksum = sum16_bytes(this->rx_buffer_.data(), total_len - 2);
+  if (expected_checksum != calculated_checksum) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "APC1 checksum mismatch: calculated 0x%04X != expected 0x%04X", calculated_checksum,
+             expected_checksum);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (total_len == APC1_FRAME_SIZE_MEASUREMENT) {
+    this->parse_measurement_frame_();
+  } else if (total_len == APC1_FRAME_SIZE_DEVICE_INFO) {
+    this->parse_device_info_frame_();
+  } else if (total_len == APC1_FRAME_SIZE_COMMAND_RESPONSE) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "APC1 command response: cmd=0x%02X, data=0x%02X", this->rx_buffer_[4], this->rx_buffer_[5]);
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Received frame of unknown length %u", total_len);
+  }
+}
+
+// One message per error bit, bit 0 first
+PROGMEM_STRING_TABLE(ErrorStrings, "Fan restart error (too many restarts)", "Fan speed low", "Photodiode fault",
+                     "Fan stopped / startup error", "Laser fault", "VOC sensor fault", "RHT sensor fault");
+
+void APC1Component::parse_measurement_frame_() {
+  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+  this->last_valid_frame_ = now;
+
+  uint8_t error_code = this->rx_buffer_[APC1_MEASUREMENT_OFFSET_ERROR_CODE];
+  if (error_code != this->last_error_code_) {
+    if (error_code != 0) {
+      for (uint8_t bit = 0; bit < ErrorStrings::COUNT; bit++) {
+        if (error_code & (1 << bit)) {
+          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "APC1: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(ErrorStrings::get_log_str(bit, ErrorStrings::LAST_INDEX)));
+        }
+      }
+      this->status_set_warning(LOG_STR("Sensor reported hardware error"));
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "APC1: Hardware error cleared");
+      this->status_clear_warning();
+    }
+    this->last_error_code_ = error_code;
+    if (this->error_code_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+      this->error_code_sensor_->publish_state(error_code);
+    }
+  }
+
+  uint8_t aqi = this->rx_buffer_[APC1_MEASUREMENT_OFFSET_AQI];
+  if (aqi == 0) {
+    if (!this->gas_warming_up_) {
+      this->gas_warming_up_ = true;
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "APC1: Gas sensor warming up (AQI=0)");
+    }
+  } else if (this->gas_warming_up_) {
+    this->gas_warming_up_ = false;
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "APC1: Gas sensor warm-up complete (AQI=%u)", aqi);
+  }
+
+  // Measurement payload data (bytes 4-57): big-endian sensor readings.
+  // The values below feed the debug summary, so they are always decoded; every
+  // other reading is only decoded when its sensor is configured.
+  const auto u16 = [this](uint8_t offset) {
+    return encode_uint16(this->rx_buffer_[offset], this->rx_buffer_[offset + 1]);
+  };
+  const auto u32 = [this](uint8_t offset) {
+    return encode_uint32(this->rx_buffer_[offset], this->rx_buffer_[offset + 1], this->rx_buffer_[offset + 2],
+                         this->rx_buffer_[offset + 3]);
+  };
+  uint16_t pm_1_0 = u16(10);
+  uint16_t pm_2_5 = u16(12);
+  uint16_t pm_10_0 = u16(14);
+  uint16_t tvoc = u16(28);
+  uint16_t eco2 = u16(30);
+  float temp_comp = static_cast<int16_t>(u16(34)) / 10.0f;
+  float hum_comp = u16(36) / 10.0f;
+
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "APC1: PM1.0: %u, PM2.5: %u, PM10: %u, TVOC: %u, eCO2: %u, AQI: %u, Temp: %.1f°C, Hum: %.1f%%", pm_1_0,
+           pm_2_5, pm_10_0, tvoc, eco2, aqi, temp_comp, hum_comp);
+
+  if (this->pm_1_0_std_sensor_ != nullptr)
+    this->pm_1_0_std_sensor_->publish_state(u16(4));
+  if (this->pm_2_5_std_sensor_ != nullptr)
+    this->pm_2_5_std_sensor_->publish_state(u16(6));
+  if (this->pm_10_0_std_sensor_ != nullptr)
+    this->pm_10_0_std_sensor_->publish_state(u16(8));
+
+  if (this->pm_1_0_sensor_ != nullptr)
+    this->pm_1_0_sensor_->publish_state(pm_1_0);
+  if (this->pm_2_5_sensor_ != nullptr)
+    this->pm_2_5_sensor_->publish_state(pm_2_5);
+  if (this->pm_10_0_sensor_ != nullptr)
+    this->pm_10_0_sensor_->publish_state(pm_10_0);
+
+  if (this->pm_0_3um_sensor_ != nullptr)
+    this->pm_0_3um_sensor_->publish_state(u16(16));
+  if (this->pm_0_5um_sensor_ != nullptr)
+    this->pm_0_5um_sensor_->publish_state(u16(18));
+  if (this->pm_1_0um_sensor_ != nullptr)
+    this->pm_1_0um_sensor_->publish_state(u16(20));
+  if (this->pm_2_5um_sensor_ != nullptr)
+    this->pm_2_5um_sensor_->publish_state(u16(22));
+  if (this->pm_5_0um_sensor_ != nullptr)
+    this->pm_5_0um_sensor_->publish_state(u16(24));
+  if (this->pm_10_0um_sensor_ != nullptr)
+    this->pm_10_0um_sensor_->publish_state(u16(26));
+
+  if (this->tvoc_sensor_ != nullptr)
+    this->tvoc_sensor_->publish_state(tvoc);
+  if (this->eco2_sensor_ != nullptr)
+    this->eco2_sensor_->publish_state(eco2);
+  if (this->aqi_sensor_ != nullptr)
+    this->aqi_sensor_->publish_state(aqi > 0 ? aqi : NAN);
+
+  if (this->temperature_sensor_ != nullptr)
+    this->temperature_sensor_->publish_state(temp_comp);
+  if (this->humidity_sensor_ != nullptr)
+    this->humidity_sensor_->publish_state(hum_comp);
+
+  if (this->raw_temperature_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    this->raw_temperature_sensor_->publish_state(static_cast<int16_t>(u16(38)) / 10.0f);
+  }
+  if (this->raw_humidity_sensor_ != nullptr)
+    this->raw_humidity_sensor_->publish_state(u16(40) / 10.0f);
+
+  if (this->rs0_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    this->rs0_sensor_->publish_state(u32(42));
+  }
+  if (this->rs2_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    this->rs2_sensor_->publish_state(u32(50));
+  }
+  if (this->rs3_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    this->rs3_sensor_->publish_state(u32(54));
+  }
+}
+
+void APC1Component::parse_device_info_frame_() {
+  const uint8_t *serial = this->rx_buffer_.data() + APC1_DEVICE_INFO_OFFSET_SERIAL;
+  uint16_t fw_version =
+      encode_uint16(this->rx_buffer_[APC1_DEVICE_INFO_OFFSET_FW], this->rx_buffer_[APC1_DEVICE_INFO_OFFSET_FW + 1]);
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "APC1: Module: %.6s, Serial: %08" PRIX32 "%08" PRIX32 ", Firmware: 0x%04X (%u)",
+           reinterpret_cast<const char *>(this->rx_buffer_.data() + APC1_DEVICE_INFO_OFFSET_MODULE),
+           encode_uint32(serial[0], serial[1], serial[2], serial[3]),
+           encode_uint32(serial[4], serial[5], serial[6], serial[7]), fw_version, fw_version);
+}
+
+void APC1Component::arm_watchdog_() {
+  this->last_valid_frame_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+  this->last_init_attempt_ = this->last_valid_frame_;
+}
+
+void APC1Component::set_active_mode() {
+  if (!this->active_mode_) {
+    this->arm_watchdog_();
+  }
+  this->active_mode_ = true;
+  this->send_command_(APC1Command::APC1_COMMAND_MEASUREMENT_MODE, APC1_MEASUREMENT_MODE_ACTIVE);
+}
+
+void APC1Component::set_passive_mode() {
+  this->active_mode_ = false;
+  this->send_command_(APC1Command::APC1_COMMAND_MEASUREMENT_MODE, APC1_MEASUREMENT_MODE_PASSIVE);
+}
+
+void APC1Component::request_measurement() {
+  this->send_command_(APC1Command::APC1_COMMAND_REQUEST_MEASUREMENT, 0x0000);
+}
+
+void APC1Component::set_idle_mode() {
+  this->idle_ = true;
+  this->send_command_(APC1Command::APC1_COMMAND_OPERATION_MODE, APC1_OPERATING_MODE_IDLE);
+}
+
+void APC1Component::set_measurement_mode() {
+  this->idle_ = false;
+  this->arm_watchdog_();
+  this->send_command_(APC1Command::APC1_COMMAND_OPERATION_MODE, APC1_OPERATING_MODE_STANDARD);
+}
+
+void APC1Component::send_command_(APC1Command cmd, uint16_t data) {
+  std::array<uint8_t, APC1_COMMAND_FRAME_SIZE> buf{
+      APC1_HEADER_1,
+      APC1_HEADER_2,
+      static_cast<uint8_t>(cmd),
+      static_cast<uint8_t>((data >> 8) & 0xFF),
+      static_cast<uint8_t>(data & 0xFF),
+      0,
+      0,
+  };
+  uint16_t checksum = sum16_bytes(buf.data(), 5);
+  buf[5] = static_cast<uint8_t>((checksum >> 8) & 0xFF);
+  buf[6] = static_cast<uint8_t>(checksum & 0xFF);
+  this->write_array(buf);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::apc1

esphome/components/apc1/apc1.h

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
+#include "esphome/components/uart/uart.h"
+
+#include <array>
+
+namespace esphome::apc1 {
+
+static constexpr uint8_t APC1_HEADER_1 = 0x42;
+static constexpr uint8_t APC1_HEADER_2 = 0x4D;
+static constexpr uint8_t APC1_FRAME_HEADER_SIZE = 4;  // 2 start bytes (0x42, 0x4D) + 2 frame length bytes
+static constexpr uint8_t APC1_FRAME_SIZE_MEASUREMENT = 64;
+static constexpr uint8_t APC1_FRAME_SIZE_DEVICE_INFO = 23;
+static constexpr uint8_t APC1_FRAME_SIZE_COMMAND_RESPONSE = 8;
+static constexpr uint8_t APC1_COMMAND_FRAME_SIZE = 7;
+
+enum class APC1Command : uint8_t {
+  APC1_COMMAND_MEASUREMENT_MODE = 0xE1,
+  APC1_COMMAND_REQUEST_MEASUREMENT = 0xE2,
+  APC1_COMMAND_OPERATION_MODE = 0xE4,
+  APC1_COMMAND_READ_SENSOR_VERSION = 0xE9,
+};
+
+static constexpr uint16_t APC1_MEASUREMENT_MODE_PASSIVE = 0x0000;
+static constexpr uint16_t APC1_MEASUREMENT_MODE_ACTIVE = 0x0001;
+
+static constexpr uint16_t APC1_OPERATING_MODE_IDLE = 0x0000;
+static constexpr uint16_t APC1_OPERATING_MODE_STANDARD = 0x0001;
+
+class APC1Component final : public uart::UARTDevice, public Component {
+  SUB_SENSOR(pm_1_0)
+  SUB_SENSOR(pm_2_5)
+  SUB_SENSOR(pm_10_0)
+  SUB_SENSOR(pm_1_0_std)
+  SUB_SENSOR(pm_2_5_std)
+  SUB_SENSOR(pm_10_0_std)
+
+  SUB_SENSOR(pm_0_3um)
+  SUB_SENSOR(pm_0_5um)
+  SUB_SENSOR(pm_1_0um)
+  SUB_SENSOR(pm_2_5um)
+  SUB_SENSOR(pm_5_0um)
+  SUB_SENSOR(pm_10_0um)
+
+  SUB_SENSOR(tvoc)
+  SUB_SENSOR(eco2)
+  SUB_SENSOR(aqi)
+
+  SUB_SENSOR(temperature)
+  SUB_SENSOR(humidity)
+  SUB_SENSOR(raw_temperature)
+  SUB_SENSOR(raw_humidity)
+
+  SUB_SENSOR(rs0)
+  SUB_SENSOR(rs2)
+  SUB_SENSOR(rs3)
+
+  SUB_SENSOR(error_code)
+
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  void loop() override;
+
+  void set_active_mode();
+  void set_passive_mode();
+  void request_measurement();
+  void set_idle_mode();
+  void set_measurement_mode();
+
+  void set_set_pin(GPIOPin *set_pin) { this->set_pin_ = set_pin; }
+  void set_reset_pin(GPIOPin *reset_pin) { this->reset_pin_ = reset_pin; }
+
+ protected:
+  void send_command_(APC1Command cmd, uint16_t data);
+  void initialize_device_();
+  /// Restarts the no-data watchdog so a mode change gets the same grace period as a cold boot
+  void arm_watchdog_();
+  void parse_frame_(uint16_t total_len);
+  void parse_measurement_frame_();
+  void parse_device_info_frame_();
+
+  GPIOPin *set_pin_{nullptr};
+  GPIOPin *reset_pin_{nullptr};
+  uint32_t last_transmission_{0};
+  uint32_t last_valid_frame_{0};
+  uint32_t last_init_attempt_{0};
+  std::array<uint8_t, APC1_FRAME_SIZE_MEASUREMENT> rx_buffer_{};
+  uint8_t rx_index_{0};
+  uint8_t last_error_code_{0xFF};
+  bool active_mode_{true};
+  bool idle_{false};
+  bool gas_warming_up_{false};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::apc1

esphome/components/apc1/sensor.py

@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+from esphome import automation, pins
+from esphome.automation import maybe_simple_id
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import sensor, uart
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_AQI
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ECO2,
+    CONF_HUMIDITY,
+    CONF_PM_0_3UM,
+    CONF_PM_0_5UM,
+    CONF_PM_1_0,
+    CONF_PM_1_0_STD,
+    CONF_PM_1_0UM,
+    CONF_PM_2_5,
+    CONF_PM_2_5_STD,
+    CONF_PM_2_5UM,
+    CONF_PM_5_0UM,
+    CONF_PM_10_0,
+    CONF_PM_10_0_STD,
+    CONF_PM_10_0UM,
+    CONF_RESET_PIN,
+    CONF_TEMPERATURE,
+    CONF_TVOC,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_AQI,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_CARBON_DIOXIDE,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_HUMIDITY,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_PM1,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_PM10,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_PM25,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_VOLATILE_ORGANIC_COMPOUNDS_PARTS,
+    ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
+    ICON_CHEMICAL_WEAPON,
+    ICON_MOLECULE_CO2,
+    ICON_OMEGA,
+    ICON_RADIATOR,
+    STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+    UNIT_CELSIUS,
+    UNIT_COUNT_DECILITRE,
+    UNIT_MICROGRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
+    UNIT_OHM,
+    UNIT_PARTS_PER_BILLION,
+    UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
+    UNIT_PERCENT,
+)
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@ademuri"]
+DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+
+CONF_SET_PIN = "set_pin"
+CONF_RAW_TEMPERATURE = "raw_temperature"
+CONF_RAW_HUMIDITY = "raw_humidity"
+CONF_RS0 = "rs0"
+CONF_RS2 = "rs2"
+CONF_RS3 = "rs3"
+CONF_ERROR_CODE = "error_code"
+
+apc1_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("apc1")
+APC1Component = apc1_ns.class_("APC1Component", uart.UARTDevice, cg.Component)
+
+
+def _pm_mass_schema(device_class: str) -> cv.Schema:
+    return sensor.sensor_schema(
+        unit_of_measurement=UNIT_MICROGRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
+        icon=ICON_CHEMICAL_WEAPON,
+        accuracy_decimals=0,
+        device_class=device_class,
+        state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+    )
+
+
+_PM_COUNT_SCHEMA = sensor.sensor_schema(
+    unit_of_measurement=UNIT_COUNT_DECILITRE,
+    icon=ICON_CHEMICAL_WEAPON,
+    accuracy_decimals=0,
+    state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+)
+_TEMPERATURE_SCHEMA = sensor.sensor_schema(
+    unit_of_measurement=UNIT_CELSIUS,
+    accuracy_decimals=1,
+    device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
+    state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+)
+_HUMIDITY_SCHEMA = sensor.sensor_schema(
+    unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PERCENT,
+    accuracy_decimals=1,
+    device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_HUMIDITY,
+    state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+)
+_RESISTANCE_SCHEMA = sensor.sensor_schema(
+    unit_of_measurement=UNIT_OHM,
+    icon=ICON_OMEGA,
+    accuracy_decimals=0,
+    state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(APC1Component),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PM_1_0): _pm_mass_schema(DEVICE_CLASS_PM1),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PM_2_5): _pm_mass_schema(DEVICE_CLASS_PM25),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PM_10_0): _pm_mass_schema(DEVICE_CLASS_PM10),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PM_1_0_STD): _pm_mass_schema(DEVICE_CLASS_PM1),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PM_2_5_STD): _pm_mass_schema(DEVICE_CLASS_PM25),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PM_10_0_STD): _pm_mass_schema(DEVICE_CLASS_PM10),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PM_0_3UM): _PM_COUNT_SCHEMA,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PM_0_5UM): _PM_COUNT_SCHEMA,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PM_1_0UM): _PM_COUNT_SCHEMA,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PM_2_5UM): _PM_COUNT_SCHEMA,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PM_5_0UM): _PM_COUNT_SCHEMA,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PM_10_0UM): _PM_COUNT_SCHEMA,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TVOC): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PARTS_PER_BILLION,
+                icon=ICON_RADIATOR,
+                accuracy_decimals=0,
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_VOLATILE_ORGANIC_COMPOUNDS_PARTS,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ECO2): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
+                icon=ICON_MOLECULE_CO2,
+                accuracy_decimals=0,
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_CARBON_DIOXIDE,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_AQI): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                icon=ICON_CHEMICAL_WEAPON,
+                accuracy_decimals=0,
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_AQI,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TEMPERATURE): _TEMPERATURE_SCHEMA,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_HUMIDITY): _HUMIDITY_SCHEMA,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_RAW_TEMPERATURE): _TEMPERATURE_SCHEMA,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_RAW_HUMIDITY): _HUMIDITY_SCHEMA,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_RS0): _RESISTANCE_SCHEMA,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_RS2): _RESISTANCE_SCHEMA,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_RS3): _RESISTANCE_SCHEMA,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ERROR_CODE): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                icon="mdi:alert-circle-outline",
+                accuracy_decimals=0,
+                entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_SET_PIN): pins.gpio_output_pin_schema,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_RESET_PIN): pins.gpio_output_pin_schema,
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(uart.UART_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+)
+
+
+def final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    schema = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
+        "apc1", baud_rate=9600, require_rx=True, require_tx=True
+    )
+    schema(config)
+
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = final_validate
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    var = await uart.new_uart_component(config)
+
+    sensors = sensor.sub_sensors(config)
+    await sensors(CONF_PM_1_0, var.set_pm_1_0_sensor)
+    await sensors(CONF_PM_2_5, var.set_pm_2_5_sensor)
+    await sensors(CONF_PM_10_0, var.set_pm_10_0_sensor)
+    await sensors(CONF_PM_1_0_STD, var.set_pm_1_0_std_sensor)
+    await sensors(CONF_PM_2_5_STD, var.set_pm_2_5_std_sensor)
+    await sensors(CONF_PM_10_0_STD, var.set_pm_10_0_std_sensor)
+    await sensors(CONF_PM_0_3UM, var.set_pm_0_3um_sensor)
+    await sensors(CONF_PM_0_5UM, var.set_pm_0_5um_sensor)
+    await sensors(CONF_PM_1_0UM, var.set_pm_1_0um_sensor)
+    await sensors(CONF_PM_2_5UM, var.set_pm_2_5um_sensor)
+    await sensors(CONF_PM_5_0UM, var.set_pm_5_0um_sensor)
+    await sensors(CONF_PM_10_0UM, var.set_pm_10_0um_sensor)
+    await sensors(CONF_TVOC, var.set_tvoc_sensor)
+    await sensors(CONF_ECO2, var.set_eco2_sensor)
+    await sensors(CONF_AQI, var.set_aqi_sensor)
+    await sensors(CONF_TEMPERATURE, var.set_temperature_sensor)
+    await sensors(CONF_HUMIDITY, var.set_humidity_sensor)
+    await sensors(CONF_RAW_TEMPERATURE, var.set_raw_temperature_sensor)
+    await sensors(CONF_RAW_HUMIDITY, var.set_raw_humidity_sensor)
+    await sensors(CONF_RS0, var.set_rs0_sensor)
+    await sensors(CONF_RS2, var.set_rs2_sensor)
+    await sensors(CONF_RS3, var.set_rs3_sensor)
+    await sensors(CONF_ERROR_CODE, var.set_error_code_sensor)
+
+    await cg.add_pin(var.set_set_pin, config.get(CONF_SET_PIN))
+    await cg.add_pin(var.set_reset_pin, config.get(CONF_RESET_PIN))
+
+
+APC1_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(APC1Component),
+    }
+)
+
+
+for _name, _call in (
+    ("apc1.set_active_mode", "set_active_mode()"),
+    ("apc1.set_passive_mode", "set_passive_mode()"),
+    ("apc1.request_measurement", "request_measurement()"),
+    ("apc1.set_idle_mode", "set_idle_mode()"),
+    ("apc1.set_measurement_mode", "set_measurement_mode()"),
+):
+    automation.register_apply_action(
+        _name, APC1_ACTION_SCHEMA, automation.ApplyCall(_call)
+    )

esphome/components/apc_proteous/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+CODEOWNERS = ["@clydebarrow"]
+DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+DOMAIN = "apc_proteous"

esphome/components/apc_proteous/apc_proteous_cover.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+#include "apc_proteous_cover.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
+
+namespace esphome::apc_proteous {
+
+ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "apc_proteous.cover");
+static constexpr const char *START_CMD = "*1\r";  // start/stop toggle
+static constexpr const char *OPEN_CMD = "*6\r";
+static constexpr const char *CLOSE_CMD = "*7\r";
+static constexpr const char *QUERY_S = "?s\r";
+static constexpr const char *QUERY_X = "?x\r";
+
+// Depending on calibration the reported position may stop a little short of the physical limits
+// (e.g. 99% at the fully open reed switch), so readings this close to an end count as that end.
+static constexpr uint8_t ENDPOINT_MARGIN = 2;
+
+using namespace esphome::cover;
+
+void APCProteousCover::setup() {
+  auto restore = this->restore_state_();
+  if (restore.has_value()) {
+    restore->apply(this);
+  } else {
+    this->position = 0.5f;
+  }
+}
+
+void APCProteousCover::loop() {
+  uint8_t data;
+  while (this->available() > 0) {
+    if (!this->read_byte(&data)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    const char *line = this->line_reader_.feed(data);
+    if (this->line_reader_.overflowed()) {
+      // Start over from this byte, so a frame right after unterminated noise is still read
+      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "rx overflow, discarding");
+      this->line_reader_.restart_with(data);
+    } else if (line != nullptr && line[0] != '\0') {
+      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "rx: '%s'", line);
+      this->parse_response_(line);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void APCProteousCover::parse_response_(const char *line) {
+  // Expected format: "?s=XX" or "?x=XX" where XX is a hex value
+  if (line[0] != '?' || line[1] == '\0' || line[2] != '=' || line[3] == '\0') {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Invalid response: %s", line);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const char *hex_str = line + 3;
+  char *end_ptr;
+  uint8_t value = static_cast<uint8_t>(strtol(hex_str, &end_ptr, 16));
+  if (end_ptr == hex_str) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to parse hex value: %s", line);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  bool state_changed = false;
+  char type = line[1];
+  if (type == 's') {
+    // bit 0 = operating, bit 1 = direction (0 = opening, 1 = closing)
+    CoverOperation new_operation = COVER_OPERATION_IDLE;
+    if (value & 0x01) {
+      new_operation = (value & 0x02) ? COVER_OPERATION_CLOSING : COVER_OPERATION_OPENING;
+    }
+    if (this->current_operation != new_operation) {
+      this->current_operation = new_operation;
+      state_changed = true;
+    }
+    // Motion in the commanded direction acknowledges the pending command
+    if ((this->pending_command_ == OPEN_CMD && new_operation == COVER_OPERATION_OPENING) ||
+        (this->pending_command_ == CLOSE_CMD && new_operation == COVER_OPERATION_CLOSING)) {
+      this->clear_pending_();
+    }
+    // A partial move is over once the acknowledged motion has stopped, wherever it stopped, so an
+    // old target cannot halt a movement started from the wall button or the remote later on
+    if (new_operation == COVER_OPERATION_IDLE && this->pending_command_ == nullptr) {
+      this->target_position_.reset();
+    }
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "s-status: 0x%02X (operation=%d)", value, new_operation);
+  } else if (type == 'x') {
+    // Position percentage, snapped to the ends so is_open/is_closed can latch despite calibration offsets
+    float new_position;
+    if (value + ENDPOINT_MARGIN >= 100) {
+      new_position = COVER_OPEN;
+    } else if (value <= ENDPOINT_MARGIN) {
+      new_position = COVER_CLOSED;
+    } else {
+      new_position = value / 100.0f;
+    }
+    if (this->position != new_position) {
+      this->position = new_position;
+      state_changed = true;
+      // Until the controller has confirmed motion in the commanded direction, current_operation may
+      // still show the previous one, so a reversing partial move must not be judged against it
+      if (this->target_position_.has_value() && this->pending_command_ == nullptr &&
+          ((this->current_operation == COVER_OPERATION_OPENING && this->position >= *this->target_position_) ||
+           (this->current_operation == COVER_OPERATION_CLOSING && this->position <= *this->target_position_))) {
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Target position %.2f reached", *this->target_position_);
+        this->stop_cmd_(App.get_loop_component_start_time());
+      }
+    }
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "x-status: %d%% (position=%.2f)", value, this->position);
+  }
+
+  if (state_changed) {
+    this->publish_state();
+  }
+}
+
+void APCProteousCover::clear_pending_() {
+  this->pending_command_ = nullptr;
+  this->command_retries_ = 0;
+}
+
+void APCProteousCover::retry_pending_command_(uint32_t now) {
+  if (this->pending_command_ == nullptr || (now - this->pending_command_time_) < COMMAND_ACK_MS) {
+    return;
+  }
+  bool is_open_cmd = this->pending_command_ == OPEN_CMD;
+  // Nothing to resend once the gate is at the commanded end
+  if ((is_open_cmd && this->position >= COVER_OPEN) || (!is_open_cmd && this->position <= COVER_CLOSED)) {
+    this->clear_pending_();
+    return;
+  }
+  const LogString *label = is_open_cmd ? LOG_STR("open") : LOG_STR("close");
+  if (this->command_retries_ >= MAX_COMMAND_RETRIES) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Gate did not acknowledge %s command after %u retries", LOG_STR_ARG(label), this->command_retries_);
+    this->clear_pending_();
+    this->target_position_.reset();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->command_retries_++;
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Gate did not respond, resending %s command (retry %u)", LOG_STR_ARG(label), this->command_retries_);
+  this->pending_command_time_ = now;
+  this->write_command_(this->pending_command_, now);
+}
+
+void APCProteousCover::update() {
+  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+  this->retry_pending_command_(now);
+
+  // Let the command and its echo clear the line before the next query
+  if ((now - this->last_command_tx_) < COMMAND_QUIET_MS) {
+    return;
+  }
+  // The line is idle, so anything left in the buffer is an unterminated echo
+  if (this->line_reader_.length() != 0) {
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "discarding stale rx '%s' before query", this->line_reader_.partial());
+  }
+  this->line_reader_.reset();
+
+  const char *query = this->query_s_next_ ? QUERY_S : QUERY_X;
+  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "tx: %s", query);
+  this->write_str(query);
+  this->query_s_next_ = !this->query_s_next_;
+}
+
+void APCProteousCover::dump_config() {
+  LOG_COVER("", "APC Proteous Cover", this);
+  LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
+}
+
+CoverTraits APCProteousCover::get_traits() {
+  auto traits = CoverTraits();
+  traits.set_supports_position(true);
+  traits.set_supports_stop(true);
+  traits.set_supports_toggle(true);
+  return traits;
+}
+
+void APCProteousCover::write_command_(const char *cmd, uint32_t now) {
+  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "tx: %s", cmd);
+  this->last_command_tx_ = now;
+  this->write_str(cmd);
+}
+
+void APCProteousCover::send_command_(const char *cmd) {
+  // The published state comes only from status reads; this just records the command so a stop
+  // can cancel it before the controller reports motion, and so it can be resent if dropped.
+  // The commands are idempotent, so only skip one when the gate is already moving that way.
+  CoverOperation operation = cmd == OPEN_CMD ? COVER_OPERATION_OPENING : COVER_OPERATION_CLOSING;
+  if (this->current_operation == operation) {
+    return;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Sending %s command",
+           operation == COVER_OPERATION_OPENING ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("open") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("close"));
+  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+  this->pending_command_ = cmd;
+  this->pending_command_time_ = now;
+  this->command_retries_ = 0;
+  this->write_command_(cmd, now);
+}
+
+void APCProteousCover::stop_cmd_(uint32_t now) {
+  // START_CMD is a start/stop toggle, so it is only sent while the gate is moving, or while a
+  // movement command is in flight that the controller has not reported yet; otherwise it would start the gate.
+  if (this->current_operation == COVER_OPERATION_IDLE && this->pending_command_ == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Cover already idle, ignoring stop command");
+    return;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Sending stop command");
+  this->write_command_(START_CMD, now);
+  this->clear_pending_();
+  this->target_position_.reset();
+}
+
+void APCProteousCover::control(const CoverCall &call) {
+  if (call.get_stop()) {
+    this->stop_cmd_(App.get_loop_component_start_time());
+  } else if (call.get_position().has_value()) {
+    float target = *call.get_position();
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Target position: %.2f, current: %.2f", target, this->position);
+    // There is no position command: a partial target is reached by moving towards it and stopping
+    // once the reported position gets there
+    this->target_position_.reset();
+    if (target == COVER_OPEN) {
+      this->send_command_(OPEN_CMD);
+    } else if (target == COVER_CLOSED) {
+      this->send_command_(CLOSE_CMD);
+    } else if (target != this->position) {
+      this->target_position_ = target;
+      this->send_command_(target > this->position ? OPEN_CMD : CLOSE_CMD);
+    }
+  } else if (call.get_toggle()) {
+    this->clear_pending_();
+    this->target_position_.reset();
+    this->write_command_(START_CMD, App.get_loop_component_start_time());
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::apc_proteous

esphome/components/apc_proteous/apc_proteous_cover.h

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/line_reader.h"
+#include "esphome/components/uart/uart.h"
+#include "esphome/components/cover/cover.h"
+
+namespace esphome::apc_proteous {
+
+class APCProteousCover : public cover::Cover, public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDevice {
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  void loop() override;
+  void update() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+
+  cover::CoverTraits get_traits() override;
+
+ protected:
+  void control(const cover::CoverCall &call) override;
+  void parse_response_(const char *line);
+  void send_command_(const char *cmd);
+  void write_command_(const char *cmd, uint32_t now);
+  void stop_cmd_(uint32_t now);
+  void retry_pending_command_(uint32_t now);
+  void clear_pending_();
+
+  // The longest valid frame is "?s=XX"; anything longer is line noise
+  static constexpr size_t MAX_RESPONSE_LEN = 16;
+
+  // A movement command is acknowledged once the controller reports motion in the commanded
+  // direction; resend it this often, up to MAX_COMMAND_RETRIES times, since the serial link
+  // occasionally drops one. The stop toggle is never resent because a spurious toggle could start the gate.
+  static constexpr uint32_t COMMAND_ACK_MS = 2000;
+  static constexpr uint8_t MAX_COMMAND_RETRIES = 3;
+
+  // The controller echoes every command, sometimes without a terminator. A query sent too soon
+  // after a command collides with that echo, so polling pauses for this long after each command.
+  static constexpr uint32_t COMMAND_QUIET_MS = 250;
+
+  // Set only for a partial target; the gate is stopped when the reported position reaches it
+  optional<float> target_position_{};
+  // Last movement command sent and not yet acknowledged; lets a stop cancel it and drives the retries
+  const char *pending_command_{nullptr};
+  uint32_t pending_command_time_{0};
+  uint32_t last_command_tx_{0};
+  LineReader<MAX_RESPONSE_LEN + 1, '\r', '\n'> line_reader_;
+  uint8_t command_retries_{0};
+  bool query_s_next_{true};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::apc_proteous

esphome/components/apc_proteous/cover.py

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import cover, uart
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from . import DOMAIN
+
+apc_proteous_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("apc_proteous")
+APCProteousCover = apc_proteous_ns.class_(
+    "APCProteousCover", cover.Cover, cg.PollingComponent, uart.UARTDevice
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    cover.cover_schema(APCProteousCover)
+    .extend(uart.UART_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("500ms"))
+)
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
+    DOMAIN,
+    baud_rate=9600,
+    require_tx=True,
+    require_rx=True,
+    data_bits=8,
+    parity="NONE",
+    stop_bits=1,
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    var = await cover.new_cover(config)
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)

esphome/components/apds9306/apds9306.cpp

@@ -34,8 +34,7 @@ enum {  // APDS9306 registers
 
 #define APDS9306_ERROR_CHECK(func, error) \
   if (!(func)) { \
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, error); \
-    this->mark_failed(); \
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR(error)); \
     return; \
   }
 #define APDS9306_WARNING_CHECK(func, warning) \
@@ -48,23 +47,14 @@ enum {  // APDS9306 registers
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Writing 0x%02x to 0x%02x", value, reg); \
   if (!this->write_byte(reg, value)) { \
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed writing 0x%02x to 0x%02x", value, reg); \
-    this->mark_failed(); \
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL)); \
     return; \
   }
 
 void APDS9306::setup() {
-  uint8_t id;
-  if (!this->read_byte(APDS9306_PART_ID, &id)) {  // Part ID register
-    this->error_code_ = COMMUNICATION_FAILED;
-    this->mark_failed();
+  // 0xB1 for APDS9306, 0xB3 for APDS9306-065; they differ only in bit 1
+  if (!this->check_chip_id(this, APDS9306_PART_ID, 0xB1, 0xFD))
     return;
-  }
-
-  if (id != 0xB1 && id != 0xB3) {  // 0xB1 for APDS9306 0xB3 for APDS9306-065
-    this->error_code_ = WRONG_ID;
-    this->mark_failed();
-    return;
-  }
 
   // ALS resolution and measurement, see datasheet or init.py for options
   uint8_t als_meas_rate = ((this->bit_width_ & 0x07) << 4) | (this->measurement_rate_ & 0x07);
@@ -89,20 +79,6 @@ void APDS9306::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("", "APDS9306", this);
   LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this);
 
-  if (this->is_failed()) {
-    switch (this->error_code_) {
-      case COMMUNICATION_FAILED:
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL);
-        break;
-      case WRONG_ID:
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "APDS9306 has invalid id!");
-        break;
-      default:
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Setting up APDS9306 registers failed!");
-        break;
-    }
-  }
-
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "  Gain: %u\n"
                 "  Measurement rate: %u\n"

esphome/components/apds9306/apds9306.h

@@ -50,12 +50,6 @@ class APDS9306 final : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent, public i2
   void set_ambient_light_gain(AmbientLightGain gain) { this->gain_ = gain; }
 
  protected:
-  enum ErrorCode {
-    NONE = 0,
-    COMMUNICATION_FAILED,
-    WRONG_ID,
-  } error_code_{NONE};
-
   MeasurementBitWidth bit_width_;
   MeasurementRate measurement_rate_;
   AmbientLightGain gain_;

esphome/components/apds9930/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+CODEOWNERS = ["@iyesin"]
+DOMAIN = "apds9930"

esphome/components/apds9930/apds9930.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+#include "apds9930.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cmath>
+
+namespace esphome::apds9930 {
+
+ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "apds9930");
+
+// Register addresses
+static constexpr uint8_t APDS9930_ENABLE = 0x00;
+static constexpr uint8_t APDS9930_ATIME = 0x01;
+static constexpr uint8_t APDS9930_PTIME = 0x02;
+static constexpr uint8_t APDS9930_PPULSE = 0x0E;
+static constexpr uint8_t APDS9930_CONTROL = 0x0F;
+static constexpr uint8_t APDS9930_ID = 0x12;
+static constexpr uint8_t APDS9930_STATUS = 0x13;
+
+// Command byte: repeated byte and auto-increment protocols
+static constexpr uint8_t APDS9930_CMD = 0x80;
+static constexpr uint8_t APDS9930_CMD_AUTO_INCREMENT = 0xA0;
+
+static constexpr uint8_t APDS9930_CHIP_ID = 0x39;
+
+// ENABLE register bits
+static constexpr uint8_t APDS9930_PON = 0x01;
+static constexpr uint8_t APDS9930_AEN = 0x02;
+static constexpr uint8_t APDS9930_PEN = 0x04;
+
+// STATUS register bits
+static constexpr uint8_t APDS9930_AVALID = 0x01;
+static constexpr uint8_t APDS9930_PVALID = 0x02;
+
+// CONTROL register fields
+static constexpr uint8_t CONTROL_PDRIVE_SHIFT = 6;
+static constexpr uint8_t CONTROL_PDIODE_SHIFT = 4;
+static constexpr uint8_t CONTROL_PGAIN_SHIFT = 2;
+static constexpr uint8_t CONTROL_AGAIN_SHIFT = 0;
+static constexpr uint8_t CONTROL_PDIODE_CH1 = 0b10;  // The only supported proximity diode
+
+static constexpr uint8_t APDS9930_ATIME_VALUE = 0xED;   // 19 cycles, about 52 ms
+static constexpr uint8_t APDS9930_PTIME_VALUE = 0xFF;   // 2.73 ms
+static constexpr uint8_t APDS9930_PPULSE_VALUE = 0x08;  // 8 pulses
+
+// Lux calculation coefficients
+static constexpr float APDS9930_DF = 52.0f;
+static constexpr float APDS9930_GA = 0.49f;
+static constexpr float APDS9930_ALS_B = 1.862f;
+static constexpr float APDS9930_ALS_C = 0.746f;
+static constexpr float APDS9930_ALS_D = 1.291f;
+static constexpr float APDS9930_ALSIT_MS = 2.73f * (256 - APDS9930_ATIME_VALUE);
+
+static constexpr uint8_t AMBIENT_GAINS[4] PROGMEM = {1, 8, 16, 120};
+static constexpr uint8_t PROXIMITY_GAINS[4] PROGMEM = {1, 2, 4, 8};
+static constexpr float LED_CURRENT_MAX_MA = 100.0f;  // halved for each drive step
+
+// Lux per count at 1x gain and the fixed integration time
+static constexpr float LUX_PER_COUNT_1X = APDS9930_GA * APDS9930_DF / APDS9930_ALSIT_MS;
+// Each integration cycle adds up to 1024 counts, so this is the ceiling of both light channels
+static constexpr uint16_t ALS_SATURATION = 1024 * (256 - APDS9930_ATIME_VALUE);
+
+bool APDS9930Component::write_reg_(uint8_t reg, uint8_t value) { return this->write_byte(reg | APDS9930_CMD, value); }
+
+void APDS9930Component::setup() {
+  if (!this->check_chip_id(this, APDS9930_ID | APDS9930_CMD, APDS9930_CHIP_ID))
+    return;
+
+  const uint8_t control =
+      (this->led_drive_ & 0b11) << CONTROL_PDRIVE_SHIFT | CONTROL_PDIODE_CH1 << CONTROL_PDIODE_SHIFT |
+      (this->proximity_gain_ & 0b11) << CONTROL_PGAIN_SHIFT | (this->ambient_gain_ & 0b11) << CONTROL_AGAIN_SHIFT;
+
+  uint8_t enable = APDS9930_PON;
+  if (this->illuminance_sensor_ != nullptr)
+    enable |= APDS9930_AEN;
+  if (this->proximity_sensor_ != nullptr)
+    enable |= APDS9930_PEN;
+
+  if (!this->write_reg_(APDS9930_ENABLE, 0x00) || !this->write_reg_(APDS9930_ATIME, APDS9930_ATIME_VALUE) ||
+      !this->write_reg_(APDS9930_PTIME, APDS9930_PTIME_VALUE) ||
+      !this->write_reg_(APDS9930_PPULSE, APDS9930_PPULSE_VALUE) || !this->write_reg_(APDS9930_CONTROL, control) ||
+      !this->write_reg_(APDS9930_ENABLE, enable)) {
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR("Configuration failed"));
+  }
+}
+
+void APDS9930Component::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "APDS9930:\n"
+                "  LED Drive: %.1f mA\n"
+                "  Proximity Gain: %ux\n"
+                "  Ambient Light Gain: %ux",
+                LED_CURRENT_MAX_MA / (1 << this->led_drive_),
+                progmem_read_byte(&PROXIMITY_GAINS[this->proximity_gain_]),
+                progmem_read_byte(&AMBIENT_GAINS[this->ambient_gain_]));
+  LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this);
+  LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Illuminance", this->illuminance_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Proximity", this->proximity_sensor_);
+}
+
+void APDS9930Component::update() {
+  // STATUS, CH0DATAL/H, CH1DATAL/H, PDATAL/H
+  uint8_t raw[7];
+  if (!this->read_bytes(APDS9930_STATUS | APDS9930_CMD_AUTO_INCREMENT, raw, sizeof(raw))) {
+    this->status_set_warning(LOG_STR("Reading data failed"));
+    return;
+  }
+  this->status_clear_warning();
+  const uint8_t status = raw[0];
+
+  if (this->illuminance_sensor_ != nullptr && (status & APDS9930_AVALID) != 0) {
+    const uint16_t ch0 = encode_value_le<uint16_t>(&raw[1]);
+    const uint16_t ch1 = encode_value_le<uint16_t>(&raw[3]);
+    if (ch0 >= ALS_SATURATION || ch1 >= ALS_SATURATION) {
+      // A saturated channel would give a lux value that is too low, not too high
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Light channel saturated, lower ambient_light_gain");
+      this->illuminance_sensor_->publish_state(NAN);
+    } else {
+      const float iac = std::max({ch0 - APDS9930_ALS_B * ch1, APDS9930_ALS_C * ch0 - APDS9930_ALS_D * ch1, 0.0f});
+      this->illuminance_sensor_->publish_state(iac * LUX_PER_COUNT_1X /
+                                               progmem_read_byte(&AMBIENT_GAINS[this->ambient_gain_]));
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (this->proximity_sensor_ != nullptr && (status & APDS9930_PVALID) != 0) {
+    this->proximity_sensor_->publish_state(encode_value_le<uint16_t>(&raw[5]));
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::apds9930

esphome/components/apds9930/apds9930.h

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h"
+#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+
+namespace esphome::apds9930 {
+
+class APDS9930Component final : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+  SUB_SENSOR(illuminance)
+  SUB_SENSOR(proximity)
+
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  void update() override;
+
+  void set_led_drive(uint8_t level) { this->led_drive_ = level; }
+  void set_proximity_gain(uint8_t gain) { this->proximity_gain_ = gain; }
+  void set_ambient_gain(uint8_t gain) { this->ambient_gain_ = gain; }
+
+ protected:
+  bool write_reg_(uint8_t reg, uint8_t value);
+
+  uint8_t led_drive_{0};
+  uint8_t proximity_gain_{0};
+  uint8_t ambient_gain_{0};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::apds9930

esphome/components/apds9930/sensor.py

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
+from esphome.components.const import UNIT_COUNTS
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ILLUMINANCE,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_ILLUMINANCE,
+    STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+    UNIT_LUX,
+)
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
+
+CONF_AMBIENT_LIGHT_GAIN = "ambient_light_gain"
+CONF_LED_DRIVE = "led_drive"
+CONF_PROXIMITY = "proximity"
+CONF_PROXIMITY_GAIN = "proximity_gain"
+
+DRIVE_LEVELS = {"100ma": 0, "50ma": 1, "25ma": 2, "12.5ma": 3}
+PROXIMITY_LEVELS = {"1x": 0, "2x": 1, "4x": 2, "8x": 3}
+AMBIENT_LEVELS = {"1x": 0, "8x": 1, "16x": 2, "120x": 3}
+
+apds9930_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("apds9930")
+APDS9930Component = apds9930_ns.class_(
+    "APDS9930Component", cg.PollingComponent, i2c.I2CDevice
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(APDS9930Component),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_LED_DRIVE, default="100ma"): cv.enum(
+                DRIVE_LEVELS, lower=True
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PROXIMITY_GAIN, default="8x"): cv.enum(
+                PROXIMITY_LEVELS, lower=True
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_AMBIENT_LIGHT_GAIN, default="1x"): cv.enum(
+                AMBIENT_LEVELS, lower=True
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ILLUMINANCE): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                unit_of_measurement=UNIT_LUX,
+                accuracy_decimals=1,
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_ILLUMINANCE,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PROXIMITY): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                unit_of_measurement=UNIT_COUNTS,
+                accuracy_decimals=0,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            ),
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
+    .extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x39))
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    var = await i2c.new_i2c_component(config)
+    cg.add(var.set_led_drive(config[CONF_LED_DRIVE]))
+    cg.add(var.set_proximity_gain(config[CONF_PROXIMITY_GAIN]))
+    cg.add(var.set_ambient_gain(config[CONF_AMBIENT_LIGHT_GAIN]))
+    sensors = sensor.sub_sensors(config)
+    await sensors(CONF_ILLUMINANCE, var.set_illuminance_sensor)
+    await sensors(CONF_PROXIMITY, var.set_proximity_sensor)

esphome/components/apds9960/__init__.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
@@ -60,9 +59,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 
 
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
+    var = await i2c.new_i2c_component(config)
     cg.add(var.set_led_drive(config[CONF_LED_DRIVE]))
     cg.add(var.set_proximity_gain(config[CONF_PROXIMITY_GAIN]))
     cg.add(var.set_ambient_gain(config[CONF_AMBIENT_LIGHT_GAIN]))

esphome/components/apds9960/apds9960.cpp

@@ -8,102 +8,89 @@ ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "apds9960");
 
 #define APDS9960_ERROR_CHECK(func) \
   if (!(func)) { \
-    this->mark_failed(); \
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR("Setting up APDS9960 registers failed")); \
     return; \
   }
-#define APDS9960_WRITE_BYTE(reg, value) APDS9960_ERROR_CHECK(this->write_byte(reg, value));
+
+static constexpr i2c::I2CRegValue APDS9960_TIMING[] PROGMEM = {
+    // ATime (ADC integration time, 2.78ms increments, 0x81) -> 0xDB (103ms)
+    {0x81, 0xDB},
+    // WTime (Wait time, 0x83) -> 0xF6 (27ms)
+    {0x83, 0xF6},
+    // PPulse (0x8E) -> 0x87 (16us, 8 pulses)
+    {0x8E, 0x87},
+    // POffset UR (0x9D) -> 0 (no offset)
+    {0x9D, 0x00},
+    // POffset DL (0x9E) -> 0 (no offset)
+    {0x9E, 0x00},
+    // Config 1 (0x8D) -> 0x60 (no wtime factor)
+    {0x8D, 0x60},
+};
+
+static constexpr i2c::I2CRegValue APDS9960_INTERRUPT_GESTURE[] PROGMEM = {
+    // Pers (0x8C) -> 0x11 (2 consecutive proximity or ALS for interrupt)
+    {0x8C, 0x11},
+    // Config 2 (0x90) -> 0x01 (no saturation interrupts or LED boost)
+    {0x90, 0x01},
+    // Config 3 (0x9F) -> 0x00 (enable all photodiodes, no SAI)
+    {0x9F, 0x00},
+    // GPenTh (0xA0, gesture enter threshold) -> 0x28 (also 0x32)
+    {0xA0, 0x28},
+    // GPexTh (0xA1, gesture exit threshold) -> 0x1E
+    {0xA1, 0x1E},
+    // GConf 1 (0xA2, gesture config 1) -> 0x40 (4 gesture events for interrupt (GFIFO 3), 1 for exit)
+    {0xA2, 0x40},
+};
+
+static constexpr i2c::I2CRegValue APDS9960_GESTURE_OFFSETS[] PROGMEM = {
+    // GOffsetU (0xA4) -> 0x00 (no offset)
+    {0xA4, 0x00},
+    // GOffsetD (0xA5) -> 0x00 (no offset)
+    {0xA5, 0x00},
+    // GOffsetL (0xA7) -> 0x00 (no offset)
+    {0xA7, 0x00},
+    // GOffsetR (0xA9) -> 0x00 (no offset)
+    {0xA9, 0x00},
+    // GPulse (0xA6) -> 0xC9 (32 µs, 10 pulses)
+    {0xA6, 0xC9},
+    // GConf 3 (0xAA, gesture config 3) -> 0x00 (all photodiodes active during gesture, all gesture dimensions enabled)
+    // 0x00 -> all dimensions, 0x01 -> up down, 0x02 -> left right
+    {0xAA, 0x00},
+};
 
 void APDS9960::setup() {
   uint8_t id;
   if (!this->read_byte(0x92, &id)) {  // ID register
-    this->error_code_ = COMMUNICATION_FAILED;
-    this->mark_failed();
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL));
     return;
   }
 
   if (id != 0xAB && id != 0x9C && id != 0xA8 && id != 0x9E) {  // APDS9960 all should have one of these IDs
-    this->error_code_ = WRONG_ID;
-    this->mark_failed();
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR("APDS9960 has invalid id"));
     return;
   }
 
-  // ATime (ADC integration time, 2.78ms increments, 0x81) -> 0xDB (103ms)
-  APDS9960_WRITE_BYTE(0x81, 0xDB);
-  // WTime (Wait time, 0x83) -> 0xF6 (27ms)
-  APDS9960_WRITE_BYTE(0x83, 0xF6);
-  // PPulse (0x8E) -> 0x87 (16us, 8 pulses)
-  APDS9960_WRITE_BYTE(0x8E, 0x87);
-  // POffset UR (0x9D) -> 0 (no offset)
-  APDS9960_WRITE_BYTE(0x9D, 0x00);
-  // POffset DL (0x9E) -> 0 (no offset)
-  APDS9960_WRITE_BYTE(0x9E, 0x00);
-  // Config 1 (0x8D) -> 0x60 (no wtime factor)
-  APDS9960_WRITE_BYTE(0x8D, 0x60);
+  APDS9960_ERROR_CHECK(this->write_registers(APDS9960_TIMING));
 
-  // Control (0x8F) ->
-  uint8_t val = 0;
-  APDS9960_ERROR_CHECK(this->read_byte(0x8F, &val));
-  val &= 0b00111111;
-  // led drive, 0 -> 100mA, 1 -> 50mA, 2 -> 25mA, 3 -> 12.5mA
-  val |= (this->led_drive_ & 0b11) << 6;
+  // Control (0x8F): led drive (0 -> 100mA, 1 -> 50mA, 2 -> 25mA, 3 -> 12.5mA),
+  // proximity gain (0 -> 1x, 1 -> 2X, 2 -> 4X, 3 -> 8X), ambient light gain (0 -> 1x, 1 -> 4x, 2 -> 16x, 3 -> 64x)
+  APDS9960_ERROR_CHECK(this->update_register(
+      0x8F, 0b11001111,
+      (this->led_drive_ & 0b11) << 6 | (this->proximity_gain_ & 0b11) << 2 | (this->ambient_gain_ & 0b11)));
 
-  val &= 0b11110011;
-  // proximity gain, 0 -> 1x, 1 -> 2X, 2 -> 4X, 3 -> 8X
-  val |= (this->proximity_gain_ & 0b11) << 2;
+  APDS9960_ERROR_CHECK(this->write_registers(APDS9960_INTERRUPT_GESTURE));
 
-  val &= 0b11111100;
-  // ambient light gain, 0 -> 1x, 1 -> 4x, 2 -> 16x, 3 -> 64x
-  val |= (this->ambient_gain_ & 0b11) << 0;
-  APDS9960_WRITE_BYTE(0x8F, val);
+  // GConf 2 (0xA3): gesture gain (0 -> 1x, 1 -> 2x, 2 -> 4x, 3 -> 8x),
+  // gesture led drive (0 -> 100mA, 1 -> 50mA, 2 -> 25mA, 3 -> 12.5mA), gesture wait time
+  // (0 -> 0ms, 1 -> 2.8ms, 2 -> 5.6ms, 3 -> 8.4ms, 4 -> 14.0ms, 5 -> 22.4 ms, 6 -> 30.8ms, 7 -> 39.2 ms)
+  APDS9960_ERROR_CHECK(this->update_register(
+      0xA3, 0b01111111,
+      (this->gesture_gain_ & 0b11) << 5 | (this->gesture_led_drive_ & 0b11) << 3 | (this->gesture_wait_time_ & 0b111)));
 
-  // Pers (0x8C) -> 0x11 (2 consecutive proximity or ALS for interrupt)
-  APDS9960_WRITE_BYTE(0x8C, 0x11);
-  // Config 2 (0x90) -> 0x01 (no saturation interrupts or LED boost)
-  APDS9960_WRITE_BYTE(0x90, 0x01);
-  // Config 3 (0x9F) -> 0x00 (enable all photodiodes, no SAI)
-  APDS9960_WRITE_BYTE(0x9F, 0x00);
-  // GPenTh (0xA0, gesture enter threshold) -> 0x28 (also 0x32)
-  APDS9960_WRITE_BYTE(0xA0, 0x28);
-  // GPexTh (0xA1, gesture exit threshold) -> 0x1E
-  APDS9960_WRITE_BYTE(0xA1, 0x1E);
-
-  // GConf 1 (0xA2, gesture config 1) -> 0x40 (4 gesture events for interrupt (GFIFO 3), 1 for exit)
-  APDS9960_WRITE_BYTE(0xA2, 0x40);
-
-  // GConf 2 (0xA3, gesture config 2) ->
-  APDS9960_ERROR_CHECK(this->read_byte(0xA3, &val));
-  val &= 0b10011111;
-  // gesture gain, 0 -> 1x, 1 -> 2x, 2 -> 4x, 3 -> 8x
-  val |= (this->gesture_gain_ & 0b11) << 5;
-
-  val &= 0b11100111;
-  // gesture led drive, 0 -> 100mA, 1 -> 50mA, 2 -> 25mA, 3 -> 12.5mA
-  val |= (this->gesture_led_drive_ & 0b11) << 3;
-
-  val &= 0b11111000;
-  // gesture wait time
-  // 0 -> 0ms, 1 -> 2.8ms, 2 -> 5.6ms, 3 -> 8.4ms
-  // 4 -> 14.0ms, 5 -> 22.4 ms, 6 -> 30.8ms, 7 -> 39.2 ms
-  val |= (this->gesture_wait_time_ & 0b111) << 0;
-  APDS9960_WRITE_BYTE(0xA3, val);
-
-  // GOffsetU (0xA4) -> 0x00 (no offset)
-  APDS9960_WRITE_BYTE(0xA4, 0x00);
-  // GOffsetD (0xA5) -> 0x00 (no offset)
-  APDS9960_WRITE_BYTE(0xA5, 0x00);
-  // GOffsetL (0xA7) -> 0x00 (no offset)
-  APDS9960_WRITE_BYTE(0xA7, 0x00);
-  // GOffsetR (0xA9) -> 0x00 (no offset)
-  APDS9960_WRITE_BYTE(0xA9, 0x00);
-  // GPulse (0xA6) -> 0xC9 (32 µs, 10 pulses)
-  APDS9960_WRITE_BYTE(0xA6, 0xC9);
-
-  // GConf 3 (0xAA, gesture config 3) -> 0x00 (all photodiodes active during gesture, all gesture dimensions enabled)
-  // 0x00 -> all dimensions, 0x01 -> up down, 0x02 -> left right
-  APDS9960_WRITE_BYTE(0xAA, 0x00);
+  APDS9960_ERROR_CHECK(this->write_registers(APDS9960_GESTURE_OFFSETS));
 
   // Enable (0x80) ->
-  val = 0;
+  uint8_t val = 0;
   val |= (0b1) << 0;  // power on
   val |= (this->is_color_enabled_() & 0b1) << 1;
   val |= (this->is_proximity_enabled_() & 0b1) << 2;
@@ -111,7 +98,7 @@ void APDS9960::setup() {
   val |= 0b0 << 4;                                  // color interrupt disabled
   val |= 0b0 << 5;                                  // proximity interrupt disabled
   val |= (this->is_gesture_enabled_() & 0b1) << 6;  // proximity is required for gestures
-  APDS9960_WRITE_BYTE(0x80, val);
+  APDS9960_ERROR_CHECK(this->write_byte(0x80, val));
 }
 bool APDS9960::is_color_enabled_() const {
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
@@ -135,20 +122,6 @@ void APDS9960::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Clear channel", this->clear_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Proximity", this->proximity_sensor_);
 #endif
-
-  if (this->is_failed()) {
-    switch (this->error_code_) {
-      case COMMUNICATION_FAILED:
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL);
-        break;
-      case WRONG_ID:
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "APDS9960 has invalid id!");
-        break;
-      default:
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Setting up APDS9960 registers failed!");
-        break;
-    }
-  }
 }
 
 #define APDS9960_WARNING_CHECK(func, warning) \

esphome/components/apds9960/apds9960.h

@@ -58,11 +58,6 @@ class APDS9960 final : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
   uint8_t gesture_gain_;
   uint8_t gesture_wait_time_;
 
-  enum ErrorCode {
-    NONE = 0,
-    COMMUNICATION_FAILED,
-    WRONG_ID,
-  } error_code_{NONE};
   bool gesture_up_started_{false};
   bool gesture_down_started_{false};
   bool gesture_left_started_{false};

esphome/components/api/__init__.py

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
 from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, EsphomeError, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.cpp_generator import Expression, MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
-from esphome.helpers import cpp_string_escape, fnv1_hash
+from esphome.helpers import fnv1_hash
 from esphome.schema_extractors import SCHEMA_EXTRACT, schema_extractor
 from esphome.types import ConfigFragmentType, ConfigType
 
@@ -251,9 +251,6 @@ def _validate_supports_response(value: Any) -> str:
     return cv.enum(SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_OPTIONS, lower=True)(value)
 
 
-# ESP8266 copies every string of an action into a stack buffer sized by codegen; keep it small
-ESP8266_ACTION_STRINGS_MAX_TOTAL = 384
-
 VARIABLE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
         cv.Required(CONF_TYPE): cv.one_of(*SERVICE_ARG_NATIVE_TYPES, lower=True),
@@ -484,29 +481,6 @@ def _action_strings(conf: ConfigType, has_metadata: bool) -> list[str | None]:
     return strings
 
 
-def _action_strings_size(strings: list[str | None]) -> int:
-    """Bytes needed to copy every string out of flash, each with its terminator."""
-    return sum(
-        len(string.encode("utf-8")) + 1 for string in strings if string is not None
-    )
-
-
-def _validate_esp8266_action_strings(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
-    if not CORE.is_esp8266:
-        return config
-    actions = config.get(CONF_ACTIONS, [])
-    has_metadata = _has_action_metadata(actions)
-    for conf in actions:
-        size = _action_strings_size(_action_strings(conf, has_metadata))
-        if size > ESP8266_ACTION_STRINGS_MAX_TOTAL:
-            raise cv.Invalid(
-                f"Action '{conf[CONF_ACTION]}' has {size} bytes of name, variable name, "
-                f"description and example text; ESP8266 allows at most "
-                f"{ESP8266_ACTION_STRINGS_MAX_TOTAL} bytes per action"
-            )
-    return config
-
-
 def _validate_outgoing_host_ipv6(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """An IPv6 host can never be parsed, so never dialed, without IPv6."""
     if (
@@ -531,34 +505,16 @@ def _validate_wizard(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
-    _validate_esp8266_action_strings,
     _validate_outgoing_host_ipv6,
     _validate_wizard,
 )
 
 
-def _add_action_strings(
-    index: int, strings: list[str | None], interned: dict[str, MockObj]
-) -> MockObj:
-    """Emit the PROGMEM string table for one action.
-
-    Each string is its own PROGMEM array because on ESP8266 .rodata is RAM, and identical
-    strings are shared between actions through `interned`.
-    """
-    entries: list[MockObj] = []
-    for string in strings:
-        if string is None:
-            entries.append(cg.nullptr)
-            continue
-        if (var := interned.get(string)) is None:
-            var = interned[string] = cg.progmem_array(
-                ID(f"api_action_str{len(interned)}", is_declaration=True, type=cg.char),
-                string,
-            )
-        entries.append(var)
+def _add_action_strings(index: int, strings: list[str | None]) -> MockObj:
+    """Emit the PROGMEM string table for one action."""
     return cg.progmem_array(
         ID(f"api_action{index}_strings", is_declaration=True, type=cg.const_char_ptr),
-        entries,
+        [cg.nullptr if s is None else cg.shared_progmem_string(s) for s in strings],
     )
 
 
@@ -604,14 +560,12 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if config[CONF_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES]:
         cg.add_define("USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES")
 
-    scratch_size = 0
     if actions:
         # Metadata is compiled in for every action once any action declares it, because the
         # string table layout is fixed by the define rather than per action
         has_metadata = _has_action_metadata(actions)
         if has_metadata:
             cg.add_define("USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA")
-        interned_strings: dict[str, MockObj] = {}
         # Collect all triggers first, then register all at once with initializer_list
         triggers: list[cg.MockObj] = []
         for index, conf in enumerate(actions):
@@ -656,9 +610,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
                 service_template_args.append(native)
                 func_args.append((native, name))
             strings = _action_strings(conf, has_metadata)
-            table = _add_action_strings(index, strings, interned_strings)
-            if CORE.is_esp8266:
-                scratch_size = max(scratch_size, _action_strings_size(strings))
+            table = _add_action_strings(index, strings)
             # Template args: supports_response mode, then user service arg types
             templ = cg.TemplateArguments(supports_response, *service_template_args)
             # Key is hashed here because the name is not readable at runtime on ESP8266
@@ -682,12 +634,9 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
                     unregister_id,
                     var,
                 )
-                cg.add(auto.add_actions([unregister_action]))
+                cg.add(auto.add_action(unregister_action))
         # Register all services at once - single allocation, no reallocations
         cg.add(var.initialize_user_services(triggers))
-    if CORE.is_esp8266 and has_user_actions:
-        # Stack buffer that list-entities copies PROGMEM strings into, sized for the largest action
-        cg.add_define("API_USER_ACTION_STRINGS_SCRATCH_SIZE", max(scratch_size, 1))
 
     if (wizard_config := config.get(wizard.CONF_WIZARD)) is not None:
         await wizard.to_code(wizard_config)
@@ -828,14 +777,6 @@ HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def _field_string(value: str) -> Expression:
-    # ESP8266 can only keep a string in flash as its own PROGMEM array
-    literal = cg.RawExpression(cpp_string_escape(value))
-    if CORE.is_esp8266:
-        return cg.shared_progmem_array("ha_field_str", cg.char, literal)
-    return literal
-
-
 async def _new_service_call_action(
     server_id: ID,
     action_id: ID,
@@ -858,12 +799,12 @@ async def _new_service_call_action(
     )
 
     async def field(key: str | None, value: Any, output_type: Any = None) -> Expression:
-        key_exp = cg.nullptr if key is None else _field_string(key)
+        key_exp = cg.nullptr if key is None else cg.shared_progmem_string(key)
         if cg.is_template(value):
             # output_type=None lets lambdas return numbers or char pointers; C++ converts them
             lam = await cg.process_lambda(value, args, return_type=output_type)
             return cg.RawExpression(f"{field_type}::from_lambda({key_exp}, {lam})")
-        return cg.ArrayInitializer(key_exp, _field_string(value), cg.nullptr)
+        return cg.ArrayInitializer(key_exp, cg.shared_progmem_string(value), cg.nullptr)
 
     entries = [await field(None, service, cg.std_string)]
     for group in groups:

esphome/components/api/api.proto

@@ -403,6 +403,9 @@ message WizardCapabilities {
 message SendspinCapabilities {
   // Bitmask of the Sendspin features this device supports
   uint32 feature_flags = 1;
+  // The Sendspin client_id: base64url of the client's static public key, 43 characters.
+  // Empty until the Sendspin client has started once since boot.
+  string client_id = 2 [(max_data_length) = 43];
 }
 
 message DeviceCapabilitiesResponse {
@@ -444,7 +447,7 @@ message DeviceWizardRequest {
 //   {"version": 1,
 //    "pages": [{"title": "...", "description": "...",
 //      "entities": [{"key": 123, "device_id": 456, "description": "..."}],
-//      "inputs": [{"key": 789, "description": "...",
+//      "inputs": [{"key": 789, "description": "...", "multiple": true, "max_length": 1023,
 //        "entity_filters": [{"integration": "...", "domain": ["..."],
 //                            "device_class": ["..."], "supported_features": ["..."]}]}]}]}
 //
@@ -468,6 +471,14 @@ message DeviceWizardRequest {
 // an entity matches a filter when it satisfies every field that is set, and an entity
 // that matches any one of the filters is accepted.
 //
+// An input with "multiple": true lets the user pick several entities. The client sends
+// them in one WizardInputSetRequest as a comma separated list with no spaces
+// ("calendar.a,calendar.b"); the device also accepts spaces around each id and stores the
+// list without them. "max_length" (only on a multiple input, 255 when left out) is the
+// longest list in bytes the device accepts. The version stays 1: a client that does not
+// know "multiple" ignores it, shows a single picker and sends one entity id, which a
+// multiple input accepts.
+//
 // The device keeps the entity id of an input in RAM only and does not store it across
 // restarts. The client therefore stores the choice itself and, after every connection
 // and before it sends SubscribeHomeAssistantStatesRequest, sends a WizardInputSetRequest
@@ -483,8 +494,13 @@ message DeviceWizardResponse {
 
 // Sets the entity id of a wizard input (see WizardInputField.key). Clients send
 // this only when DeviceCapabilitiesResponse.wizard.configured is set. There is no
-// reply. The device ignores a request whose key matches no input or whose entity_id
-// is empty, longer than 255 bytes or has no '.'. Otherwise it keeps the id in RAM,
+// reply. The device ignores a request whose key matches no input. A single input is
+// ignored when the entity_id is empty, longer than 255 bytes or has no '.'. A multiple
+// input takes a comma separated list ("calendar.a,calendar.b"); the client sends no
+// spaces, the device trims spaces around each id and stores the list without them. The
+// whole request is ignored when any id is empty or has no '.', or when the list without
+// spaces does not fit the input's max_length (255 by default). Otherwise it keeps the id
+// or list in RAM,
 // not across restarts, and when the input belongs to a homeassistant platform entity
 // it subscribes to that entity's state. Clients send this for every input right
 // after connecting, before SubscribeHomeAssistantStatesRequest. A request that
@@ -496,7 +512,7 @@ message WizardInputSetRequest {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_API_WIZARD_INPUTS";
 
   fixed32 key = 1;
-  string entity_id = 2 [(max_data_length) = 255];
+  string entity_id = 2 [(max_data_length) = 4095];
 }
 
 message ListEntitiesRequest {
@@ -1013,8 +1029,8 @@ message SubscribeHomeassistantServicesRequest {
 }
 
 message HomeassistantServiceMap {
-  string key = 1;
-  string value = 2;
+  string key = 1 [(progmem) = true];
+  string value = 2 [(progmem) = true];
 }
 
 message HomeassistantActionRequest {
@@ -1023,7 +1039,7 @@ message HomeassistantActionRequest {
   option (no_delay) = true;
   option (ifdef) = "USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES";
 
-  string service = 1;
+  string service = 1 [(progmem) = true];
   repeated HomeassistantServiceMap data = 2 [(fixed_vector) = true];
   repeated HomeassistantServiceMap data_template = 3 [(fixed_vector) = true];
   repeated HomeassistantServiceMap variables = 4 [(fixed_vector) = true];
@@ -1144,21 +1160,21 @@ enum SupportsResponseType {
 }
 message ListEntitiesServicesArgument {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS";
-  string name = 1;
+  string name = 1 [(progmem) = true];
   ServiceArgType type = 2;
-  string description = 3 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA"];
-  string example = 4 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA"];
+  string description = 3 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA", (progmem) = true];
+  string example = 4 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA", (progmem) = true];
 }
 message ListEntitiesServicesResponse {
   option (id) = 41;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
   option (ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS";
 
-  string name = 1;
+  string name = 1 [(progmem) = true];
   fixed32 key = 2 [(force) = true];
   repeated ListEntitiesServicesArgument args = 3 [(fixed_vector) = true];
   SupportsResponseType supports_response = 4;
-  string description = 5 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA"];
+  string description = 5 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA", (progmem) = true];
 }
 message ExecuteServiceArgument {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS";
@@ -2557,7 +2573,7 @@ message ListEntitiesEventResponse {
   EntityCategory entity_category = 7;
   string device_class = 8 [(max_data_length) = 47];
 
-  repeated string event_types = 9 [(container_pointer_no_template) = "FixedVector<const char *>"];
+  repeated string event_types = 9 [(container_pointer_no_template) = "ConstVector<const char *, true>"];
   uint32 device_id = 10 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_DEVICES"];
 }
 message EventResponse {
@@ -3030,12 +3046,15 @@ enum SerialProxyIdentityFlag {
                                              // IDs below are empty
 }
 
-// The descriptor fields of a USB device as seen by the host stack
+// The descriptor fields of a USB device as seen by the host stack, and the port's index
+// among those a vendor driver exposes on the interface
 message UsbDeviceDescriptor {
   uint32 vendor_id = 1;
   uint32 product_id = 2;
   uint32 bcd_device = 3;
-  uint32 interface_number = 4;   // bInterfaceNumber the host driver binds to
+  uint32 interface_number = 4;  // bInterfaceNumber the port is bound through
+  uint32 interface_class = 5;   // bInterfaceClass of that interface
+  uint32 port_number = 6;
 }
 
 // The identity of the device behind a port. Identifies one physical device among others of

esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 #include "api_connection.h"
+#if defined(USE_LOGGER) && defined(USE_CRASH_HANDLER)
+#include "esphome/components/logger/logger.h"
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_API
 #include "api_connection_buffer.h"  // for the APIServer-dependent APIConnection inlines
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
@@ -451,6 +454,15 @@ bool APIConnection::send_disconnect_response_() {
   DisconnectResponse resp;
   return this->send_message(resp);
 }
+void APIConnection::on_subscribe_logs_request(const SubscribeLogsRequest &msg) {
+  this->flags_.log_subscription = msg.level;
+  if (msg.dump_config)
+    App.schedule_dump_config();
+#if defined(USE_LOGGER) && defined(USE_CRASH_HANDLER)
+  logger::log_crash_to_client();
+#endif
+}
+
 void APIConnection::on_disconnect_response() {
   // Don't close socket here, let APIServer::loop() do it
   // so getpeername() still works for the disconnect trigger
@@ -2119,6 +2131,7 @@ bool APIConnection::send_device_capabilities_response_() {
 #endif
 #if defined(USE_SENDSPIN) && defined(USE_ESP_IDF)
   resp.sendspin.feature_flags = sendspin_::global_sendspin_hub->get_feature_flags();
+  resp.sendspin.client_id = sendspin_::global_sendspin_hub->get_client_id();
 #endif
   return this->send_message(resp);
 }

esphome/components/api/api_connection.h

@@ -15,15 +15,6 @@
 #include "subscribe_state.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
-#ifdef USE_ESP32_CRASH_HANDLER
-#include "esphome/components/esp32/crash_handler.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_RP2_CRASH_HANDLER
-#include "esphome/components/rp2/crash_handler.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_ESP8266_CRASH_HANDLER
-#include "esphome/components/esp8266/crash_handler.h"
-#endif
 #include "esphome/core/entity_base.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
@@ -298,21 +289,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
       this->begin_iterator_(ActiveIterator::INITIAL_STATE);
     }
   }
-  void on_subscribe_logs_request(const SubscribeLogsRequest &msg) {
-    this->flags_.log_subscription = msg.level;
-    if (msg.dump_config)
-      App.schedule_dump_config();
-#ifdef USE_ESP32_CRASH_HANDLER
-    esp32::crash_handler_log();
-    esp32::crash_handler_clear();
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_RP2_CRASH_HANDLER
-    rp2::crash_handler_log();
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_ESP8266_CRASH_HANDLER
-    esp8266::crash_handler_log();
-#endif
-  }
+  void on_subscribe_logs_request(const SubscribeLogsRequest &msg);
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
   void on_subscribe_homeassistant_services_request() { this->flags_.service_call_subscription = true; }
 #endif

esphome/components/api/api_options.proto

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ extend google.protobuf.FieldOptions {
     // from an absent one (e.g. a UTC ParsedTimezone, which is all zeros).
     optional bool track_presence = 50020 [default=false];
 
-    // progmem: The pointer_to_buffer bytes field points into flash (PROGMEM).
+    // progmem: The string field, or pointer_to_buffer bytes field, points into flash (PROGMEM).
     // The generated encode and dump copy it with progmem_memcpy, as ESP8266
     // cannot read flash with ordinary loads.
     optional bool progmem = 50021 [default=false];

esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp

@@ -310,12 +310,14 @@ uint32_t WizardCapabilities::calc_size_msg(const void *self) {
 uint8_t *SendspinCapabilities::encode_msg(const void *self, uint8_t *__restrict__ pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) {
   const auto &msg = *static_cast<const SendspinCapabilities *>(self);
   pos = ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 1, msg.feature_flags);
+  pos = ProtoEncode::encode_string(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 2, msg.client_id);
   return pos;
 }
 uint32_t SendspinCapabilities::calc_size_msg(const void *self) {
   const auto &msg = *static_cast<const SendspinCapabilities *>(self);
   uint32_t size = 0;
   size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, msg.feature_flags);
+  size += !msg.client_id.empty() ? 2 + msg.client_id.size() : 0;
   return size;
 }
 #endif
@@ -1140,8 +1142,8 @@ uint32_t NoiseEncryptionSetKeyResponse::calc_size_msg(const void *self) {
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
 uint8_t *HomeassistantServiceMap::encode_msg(const void *self, uint8_t *__restrict__ pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) {
   const auto &msg = *static_cast<const HomeassistantServiceMap *>(self);
-  pos = ProtoEncode::encode_string(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 1, msg.key);
-  pos = ProtoEncode::encode_string(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 2, msg.value);
+  pos = ProtoEncode::encode_progmem_string(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 1, msg.key);
+  pos = ProtoEncode::encode_progmem_string(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 2, msg.value);
   return pos;
 }
 uint32_t HomeassistantServiceMap::calc_size_msg(const void *self) {
@@ -1153,7 +1155,7 @@ uint32_t HomeassistantServiceMap::calc_size_msg(const void *self) {
 }
 uint8_t *HomeassistantActionRequest::encode_msg(const void *self, uint8_t *__restrict__ pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) {
   const auto &msg = *static_cast<const HomeassistantActionRequest *>(self);
-  pos = ProtoEncode::encode_string(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 1, msg.service);
+  pos = ProtoEncode::encode_progmem_string(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 1, msg.service);
   for (auto &it : msg.data) {
     pos = ProtoEncode::encode_sub_message(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 2, it);
   }
@@ -1324,13 +1326,13 @@ void GetTimeResponse::decode_field(void *self, uint32_t tag, const uint8_t *data
 uint8_t *ListEntitiesServicesArgument::encode_msg(const void *self,
                                                   uint8_t *__restrict__ pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) {
   const auto &msg = *static_cast<const ListEntitiesServicesArgument *>(self);
-  pos = ProtoEncode::encode_string(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 1, msg.name);
+  pos = ProtoEncode::encode_progmem_string(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 1, msg.name);
   pos = ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 2, static_cast<uint32_t>(msg.type));
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA
-  pos = ProtoEncode::encode_string(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 3, msg.description);
+  pos = ProtoEncode::encode_progmem_string(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 3, msg.description);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA
-  pos = ProtoEncode::encode_string(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 4, msg.example);
+  pos = ProtoEncode::encode_progmem_string(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 4, msg.example);
 #endif
   return pos;
 }
@@ -1350,14 +1352,14 @@ uint32_t ListEntitiesServicesArgument::calc_size_msg(const void *self) {
 uint8_t *ListEntitiesServicesResponse::encode_msg(const void *self,
                                                   uint8_t *__restrict__ pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) {
   const auto &msg = *static_cast<const ListEntitiesServicesResponse *>(self);
-  pos = ProtoEncode::encode_string(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 1, msg.name);
+  pos = ProtoEncode::encode_progmem_string(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 1, msg.name);
   pos = ProtoEncode::write_tag_and_fixed32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 21, msg.key);
   for (auto &it : msg.args) {
     pos = ProtoEncode::encode_sub_message(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 3, it);
   }
   pos = ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 4, static_cast<uint32_t>(msg.supports_response));
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA
-  pos = ProtoEncode::encode_string(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 5, msg.description);
+  pos = ProtoEncode::encode_progmem_string(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 5, msg.description);
 #endif
   return pos;
 }
@@ -4175,6 +4177,8 @@ uint8_t *UsbDeviceDescriptor::encode_msg(const void *self, uint8_t *__restrict__
   pos = ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 2, msg.product_id);
   pos = ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 3, msg.bcd_device);
   pos = ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 4, msg.interface_number);
+  pos = ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 5, msg.interface_class);
+  pos = ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 6, msg.port_number);
   return pos;
 }
 uint32_t UsbDeviceDescriptor::calc_size_msg(const void *self) {
@@ -4184,6 +4188,8 @@ uint32_t UsbDeviceDescriptor::calc_size_msg(const void *self) {
   size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, msg.product_id);
   size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, msg.bcd_device);
   size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, msg.interface_number);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, msg.interface_class);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, msg.port_number);
   return size;
 }
 uint8_t *SerialProxyIdentity::encode_msg(const void *self, uint8_t *__restrict__ pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) {

esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h

@@ -750,6 +750,7 @@ class WizardCapabilities final : public ProtoMessage {
 class SendspinCapabilities final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
   uint32_t feature_flags{0};
+  StringRef client_id{nullptr, 0};  // null until set, encode only
   static uint8_t *encode_msg(const void *self, uint8_t *pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM);
   uint8_t *encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const {
     return encode_msg(this, buffer.get_pos() PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG);
@@ -1388,8 +1389,8 @@ class NoiseEncryptionSetKeyResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
 class HomeassistantServiceMap final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  StringRef key{nullptr, 0};    // null until set, encode only
-  StringRef value{nullptr, 0};  // null until set, encode only
+  ProgmemStringRef key{};
+  ProgmemStringRef value{};
   static uint8_t *encode_msg(const void *self, uint8_t *pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM);
   uint8_t *encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const {
     return encode_msg(this, buffer.get_pos() PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG);
@@ -1409,7 +1410,7 @@ class HomeassistantActionRequest final : public ProtoMessage {
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("homeassistant_action_request"); }
 #endif
-  StringRef service{nullptr, 0};  // null until set, encode only
+  ProgmemStringRef service{};
   FixedVector<HomeassistantServiceMap> data{};
   FixedVector<HomeassistantServiceMap> data_template{};
   FixedVector<HomeassistantServiceMap> variables{};
@@ -1576,13 +1577,13 @@ class GetTimeResponse final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
 class ListEntitiesServicesArgument final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  StringRef name{nullptr, 0};  // null until set, encode only
+  ProgmemStringRef name{};
   enums::ServiceArgType type{};
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA
-  StringRef description{nullptr, 0};  // null until set, encode only
+  ProgmemStringRef description{};
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA
-  StringRef example{nullptr, 0};  // null until set, encode only
+  ProgmemStringRef example{};
 #endif
   static uint8_t *encode_msg(const void *self, uint8_t *pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM);
   uint8_t *encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const {
@@ -1603,12 +1604,12 @@ class ListEntitiesServicesResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_services_response"); }
 #endif
-  StringRef name{nullptr, 0};  // null until set, encode only
+  ProgmemStringRef name{};
   uint32_t key{0};
   FixedVector<ListEntitiesServicesArgument> args{};
   enums::SupportsResponseType supports_response{};
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA
-  StringRef description{nullptr, 0};  // null until set, encode only
+  ProgmemStringRef description{};
 #endif
   static uint8_t *encode_msg(const void *self, uint8_t *pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM);
   uint8_t *encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const {
@@ -3460,7 +3461,7 @@ class ListEntitiesEventResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   const LogString *message_name() const override { return LOG_STR("list_entities_event_response"); }
 #endif
   StringRef device_class{nullptr, 0};  // null until set, encode only
-  const FixedVector<const char *> *event_types{};
+  const ConstVector<const char *, true> *event_types{};
   static uint8_t *encode_msg(const void *self, uint8_t *pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM);
   uint8_t *encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const {
     return encode_msg(this, buffer.get_pos() PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG);
@@ -4083,6 +4084,8 @@ class UsbDeviceDescriptor final : public ProtoMessage {
   uint32_t product_id{0};
   uint32_t bcd_device{0};
   uint32_t interface_number{0};
+  uint32_t interface_class{0};
+  uint32_t port_number{0};
   static uint8_t *encode_msg(const void *self, uint8_t *pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM);
   uint8_t *encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const {
     return encode_msg(this, buffer.get_pos() PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG);

esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp

@@ -12,8 +12,9 @@ namespace esphome::api {
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266
 // Out-of-line to avoid inlining strlen_P/memcpy_P at every call site
-void DumpBuffer::append_p_esp8266(const char *str) {
-  size_t len = strlen_P(str);
+void DumpBuffer::append_p_esp8266(const char *str) { this->append_p_esp8266(str, strlen_P(str)); }
+
+void DumpBuffer::append_p_esp8266(const char *str, size_t len) {
   size_t space = CAPACITY - 1 - pos_;
   if (len > space)
     len = space;
@@ -134,6 +135,13 @@ static void dump_progmem_bytes_field(DumpBuffer &out, const char *field_name, co
   progmem_memcpy(data_buf, data, len);
   dump_bytes_field(out, field_name, data_buf, len, indent);
 }
+
+// Helper for string fields in flash
+static void dump_progmem_string_field(DumpBuffer &out, const char *field_name, const ProgmemStringRef &value,
+                                      int indent = 2) {
+  append_field_prefix(out, field_name, indent);
+  out.append("'").append_p(value.progmem_ptr(), value.size()).append("'\n");
+}
 #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
 
 template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::DisconnectReason>(enums::DisconnectReason value) {
@@ -1119,6 +1127,7 @@ const char *WizardCapabilities::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
 const char *SendspinCapabilities::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("SendspinCapabilities"));
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("feature_flags"), this->feature_flags);
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("client_id"), this->client_id);
   return out.c_str();
 }
 #endif
@@ -1511,13 +1520,13 @@ const char *NoiseEncryptionSetKeyResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
 const char *HomeassistantServiceMap::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("HomeassistantServiceMap"));
-  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("key"), this->key);
-  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("value"), this->value);
+  dump_progmem_string_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("key"), this->key);
+  dump_progmem_string_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("value"), this->value);
   return out.c_str();
 }
 const char *HomeassistantActionRequest::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("HomeassistantActionRequest"));
-  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("service"), this->service);
+  dump_progmem_string_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("service"), this->service);
   for (const auto &it : this->data) {
     out.append(4, ' ').append_p(ESPHOME_PSTR("data")).append(": ");
     it.dump_to(out);
@@ -1612,19 +1621,19 @@ const char *GetTimeResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
 const char *ListEntitiesServicesArgument::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("ListEntitiesServicesArgument"));
-  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("name"), this->name);
+  dump_progmem_string_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("name"), this->name);
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("type"), static_cast<enums::ServiceArgType>(this->type));
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA
-  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("description"), this->description);
+  dump_progmem_string_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("description"), this->description);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA
-  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("example"), this->example);
+  dump_progmem_string_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("example"), this->example);
 #endif
   return out.c_str();
 }
 const char *ListEntitiesServicesResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("ListEntitiesServicesResponse"));
-  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("name"), this->name);
+  dump_progmem_string_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("name"), this->name);
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("key"), this->key);
   for (const auto &it : this->args) {
     out.append(4, ' ').append_p(ESPHOME_PSTR("args")).append(": ");
@@ -1633,7 +1642,7 @@ const char *ListEntitiesServicesResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   }
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("supports_response"), static_cast<enums::SupportsResponseType>(this->supports_response));
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_METADATA
-  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("description"), this->description);
+  dump_progmem_string_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("description"), this->description);
 #endif
   return out.c_str();
 }
@@ -2942,6 +2951,8 @@ const char *UsbDeviceDescriptor::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("product_id"), this->product_id);
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("bcd_device"), this->bcd_device);
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("interface_number"), this->interface_number);
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("interface_class"), this->interface_class);
+  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("port_number"), this->port_number);
   return out.c_str();
 }
 const char *SerialProxyIdentity::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {