Wrap the allocation failure log in braces

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@koston.org>

.agents/skills/automations/SKILL.md

@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+---
+name: automations
+description: Write ESPHome automation building blocks - triggers (on_* keys), actions and conditions. Use when adding or changing an on_* trigger, an action such as my_component.do_something, a condition, a callback registration method (add_on_*_callback), or code that calls build_callback_automation, build_automation, register_*_action or register_*_condition.
+---
+
+# Automations: triggers, actions and conditions
+
+Automations have three building blocks: **Triggers** (fire when something happens), **Actions** (do
+something), and **Conditions** (check if something is true). The helpers named here are documented in
+their docstrings in `esphome/automation.py`.
+
+## Triggers: callback method (preferred)
+
+Use `build_callback_automation()` for simple triggers. This eliminates the need for a C++ Trigger class by
+using a lightweight pointer-sized forwarder struct registered directly as a callback. No `CONF_TRIGGER_ID`
+in the schema.
+
+**Python:**
+```python
+from esphome import automation
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(MyComponent),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_STATE): automation.validate_automation({}),
+    }
+).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_STATE, []):
+        await automation.build_callback_automation(
+            var, "add_on_state_callback", [(bool, "x")], conf
+        )
+```
+
+`build_callback_automation` arguments: `parent`, `callback_method` (C++ method name), `args` (template args
+as `[(type, name)]` tuples), `config`, and optional `forwarder` (defaults to `TriggerForwarder<Ts...>`).
+
+For boolean filtering (e.g. `on_press`/`on_release`), use built-in forwarders with `args=[]`:
+```python
+for conf_key, forwarder in (
+    (CONF_ON_PRESS, automation.TriggerOnTrueForwarder),
+    (CONF_ON_RELEASE, automation.TriggerOnFalseForwarder),
+):
+    for conf in config.get(conf_key, []):
+        await automation.build_callback_automation(
+            var, "add_on_state_callback", [], conf, forwarder=forwarder
+        )
+```
+
+When the callback's parameters differ from the automation's arguments, or the trigger should only fire for
+some values, pass `params`, `forward` and `when`; the helper then generates a capture-less lambda (stored
+inline, nothing allocated). Name the parent with `automation.parent_ref(var)` and build `forward` from
+`MockObj` calls, not f-strings of C++:
+```python
+parent = automation.parent_ref(var)
+index = cg.RawExpression("index")
+await automation.build_callback_automation(
+    var,
+    "add_on_state_callback",
+    [(cg.StringRef, "x"), (cg.size_t, "i")],
+    conf,
+    params=[(cg.size_t, "index")],
+    forward=[cg.StringRef(parent.option_at(index)), index],
+)
+```
+`build_parent_callback_automation`, `build_trigger_callback`, `build_callback_automations` and
+`build_trigger_automations` cover the other shapes; see their docstrings in `esphome/automation.py`.
+
+**C++: no trigger class needed.** The callback registration method must be templatized to accept both
+`std::function` and lightweight forwarder structs (which avoid heap allocation):
+```cpp
+class MyComponent : public Component {
+ public:
+  // Must be a template -- accepts both std::function and pointer-sized forwarder structs
+  template<typename F> void add_on_state_callback(F &&callback) {
+    this->state_callback_.add(std::forward<F>(callback));
+  }
+ protected:
+  // Use CallbackManager when callbacks are always registered (e.g. core components)
+  CallbackManager<void(bool)> state_callback_;
+  // Use LazyCallbackManager when callbacks are often not registered -- saves 8 bytes
+  // (nullptr vs empty std::vector) per instance when no callbacks are added
+  // LazyCallbackManager<void(bool)> state_callback_;
+};
+```
+
+Never type a registration method's parameter as `std::function`; that forces a heap allocation for every
+forwarder struct:
+```cpp
+// Bad
+void add_on_state_callback(std::function<void(bool)> &&callback) {
+  this->state_callback_.add(std::move(callback));
+}
+```
+
+| Type | Idle overhead (32-bit) | When to use |
+|------|----------------------|-------------|
+| `CallbackManager<void(Ts...)>` | 12 bytes (empty `std::vector`) | Callbacks are always or almost always registered |
+| `LazyCallbackManager<void(Ts...)>` | 4 bytes (`nullptr`) | Callbacks are often not registered (common case) |
+
+Both live in `esphome/core/helpers.h` and accept `std::function`, lambdas and forwarder structs through
+their templatized `add()` method. `LazyCallbackManager` is a drop-in replacement for `CallbackManager` that defers allocation until the first
+callback is added. Prefer it for entity-level callbacks where most instances have no subscribers.
+
+## Triggers: Trigger class method
+
+Use `build_automation()` with a `Trigger<Ts...>` subclass only when the forwarder needs **mutable state
+beyond a single `Automation*` pointer** (e.g. edge detection tracking previous state, timing logic).
+
+**Python:**
+```python
+TurnOnTrigger = my_ns.class_("TurnOnTrigger", automation.Trigger.template())
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_TURN_ON): automation.validate_automation(
+            {cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(TurnOnTrigger)}
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_TURN_ON, []):
+        trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
+        await automation.build_automation(trigger, [], conf)
+```
+
+**C++:**
+```cpp
+class TurnOnTrigger : public Trigger<> {
+ public:
+  explicit TurnOnTrigger(MyComponent *parent) : last_on_{false} {
+    parent->add_on_state_callback([this](bool state) {
+      if (state && !this->last_on_)
+        this->trigger();
+      this->last_on_ = state;
+    });
+  }
+ protected:
+  bool last_on_;
+};
+```
+
+## Actions
+
+```cpp
+template<typename... Ts> class MyAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  explicit MyAction(MyComponent *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
+  void play(const Ts &...) override { this->parent_->do_something(); }
+ protected:
+  MyComponent *parent_;
+};
+```
+Register it without writing a builder:
+```python
+automation.register_simple_action(
+    "my_component.do_something", MyAction, schema, synchronous=True
+)
+```
+The constructor receives the object named by `config[CONF_ID]`. Use `register_bare_action` for a
+no-argument constructor, `register_parented_action` for a class deriving from `Parented<T>`, and the
+`@automation.register_action(...)` decorator only when the builder must also set fields.
+
+Use `synchronous=True` for actions that run to completion inside `play()` without deferring. Use
+`synchronous=False` if the action may suspend/defer execution (e.g. `delay`, `wait_until`, `script.wait`)
+or store trigger arguments for later use.
+
+**Actions that only forward templatable values to their parent need no C++ class.** Register them with
+`register_apply_action`; do not write a `TEMPLATABLE_VALUE` class or a builder for this shape.
+```python
+automation.register_apply_action(
+    "my_component.set_gains",
+    schema,
+    automation.ApplyField(CONF_KP, "set_kp", cg.float_),
+    automation.ApplyField(CONF_KI, "set_ki", cg.float_),
+)
+```
+The `ApplyField`, `ApplyCall` and `register_apply_action` docstrings in `esphome/automation.py` cover the
+rest; `cover.control` and `cover.template.publish` are in-tree examples. An action whose input is a byte
+payload passes `automation.ApplyBytes(CONF_DATA, "send({})")` in the same call; a constant payload stays in
+flash and a lambda's vector is forwarded as data and size. `TEMPLATABLE_VALUE` with `cg.templatable` stays
+for actions whose `play()` has real logic beyond forwarding values.
+
+## Conditions
+
+```cpp
+template<typename... Ts> class MyCondition : public Condition<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  explicit MyCondition(MyComponent *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
+  bool check(const Ts &...) override { return this->parent_->is_active(); }
+ protected:
+  MyComponent *parent_;
+};
+```
+Register with `automation.register_simple_condition("my_component.is_active", MyCondition, schema)`;
+`register_bare_condition`, `register_parented_condition` and the decorator follow the action rules.
+
+**Conditions that only test their parent need no C++ class either.** Register them with
+`register_apply_condition`; the expression is applied to the parent, and an `ApplyCall` compares against
+config values.
+```python
+automation.register_apply_condition("my_component.is_active", schema, "is_active()")
+automation.register_apply_condition(
+    "my_component.state_is",
+    schema,
+    automation.ApplyCall("state == {}", ((CONF_STATE, cg.bool_),)),
+)
+```
+`cover.is_open`, `rtttl.is_playing` and `component.is_idle` are in-tree examples.

.agents/skills/breaking-changes/SKILL.md

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+---
+name: breaking-changes
+description: Decide whether an ESPHome change breaks public API and handle it - what counts as public C++ and Python API, the deprecation window, ESPDEPRECATED for C++, cv.rename_key and deprecation warnings for config keys, and the migration notes a PR needs. Use when removing, renaming or changing the signature of a config option, a public C++ member or a core Python helper.
+---
+
+# Public API and breaking changes
+
+Full policy: https://developers.esphome.io/contributing/code/#public-api-and-breaking-changes
+
+## What is public
+
+- **C++ in components:** only features documented at [esphome.io](https://esphome.io) are public API.
+  Undocumented `public` members are internal.
+- **C++ core and base classes** (`esphome/core/`, `Component`, `Sensor`, etc.): all `public` members are
+  public API.
+- **Components with global accessors** (`global_api_server`, etc.): all `public` members are public API
+  (except config setters).
+- **Python:** all documented configuration options are public API. Python code in `esphome/core/` that
+  existing core components use is stable API. Other Python code is internal unless explicitly documented
+  for external component use.
+- Changing the signature of a lambda that code generation injects is not a breaking change.
+
+## Policy
+
+- Aim for a **6-month deprecation window** when possible.
+- Clean breaks are allowed for signature changes, deep refactorings and resource constraints.
+- The migration path goes in the PR description (it generates the release notes).
+- A blog post is required for core/base class changes or significant architectural changes.
+
+Checklist:
+- [ ] Clear justification (RAM/flash savings, architectural improvement)
+- [ ] Explored non-breaking alternatives
+- [ ] Added deprecation warnings if possible (`ESPDEPRECATED` for C++)
+- [ ] Documented migration path in the PR description with before/after examples
+- [ ] Updated all internal usage and esphome.io
+- [ ] Tested backward compatibility during the deprecation period
+
+## Deprecating C++
+
+```cpp
+// Remove before 2026.6.0
+ESPDEPRECATED("Use new_method() instead. Removed in 2026.6.0", "2025.12.0")
+void old_method() { this->new_method(); }
+```
+
+## Deprecating config keys
+
+For a renamed key, use the shared `cv.rename_key` validator with `removed_in` (and `component` for
+context); it warns and migrates automatically:
+```python
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    cv.rename_key(
+        CONF_OLD_KEY, CONF_NEW_KEY, removed_in="2026.6.0", component="my_component"
+    ),
+    cv.Schema({...}),
+)
+```
+For other deprecations, warn manually during validation:
+```python
+# Remove before 2026.6.0
+if CONF_OLD_KEY in config:
+    _LOGGER.warning(
+        f"'{CONF_OLD_KEY}' deprecated, use '{CONF_NEW_KEY}'. Removed in 2026.6.0"
+    )
+    config[CONF_NEW_KEY] = config.pop(CONF_OLD_KEY)  # Auto-migrate
+```
+Cover the old syntax with a `validate.*.yaml` test (see the `component-tests` skill), and keep the language
+schema correct (see the `config-validation` skill).

.agents/skills/code-review/SKILL.md

@@ -9,11 +9,13 @@ ESPHome parses YAML into C++ firmware for memory-constrained microcontrollers
 (ESP32, ESP8266, RP2040, LibreTiny). Review changes with that in mind: RAM and
 flash are scarce, and code runs unattended for months.
 
-`AGENTS.md` in the repository root is the full contributor guide and the
-authority when it disagrees with this summary. The developer documentation at
-https://developers.esphome.io explains the component lifecycle and the reasoning
-behind these rules. This skill lists the concrete things worth flagging in a
-review; read `AGENTS.md` for the detail behind any item.
+`AGENTS.md` in the repository root is the contributor guide, and the skills it
+lists (`component-codegen`, `config-validation`, `automations`,
+`embedded-memory`, `component-tests`, `breaking-changes`) hold the detail. They
+are the authority when they disagree with this summary. The developer
+documentation at https://developers.esphome.io explains the component lifecycle
+and the reasoning behind these rules. This skill lists the concrete things worth
+flagging in a review; read the matching skill for the detail behind any item.
 
 Only raise findings that the diff actually introduces or changes. Do not ask for
 drive-by cleanup of pre-existing code the PR did not touch.
@@ -76,6 +78,10 @@ performance nit, because it fragments a small shared heap. Flag:
   `if (blah := config.get(CONF_BLAH)) is not None:`.
 - Reuse existing validators from `config_validation.py` (`cv.rename_key`,
   `cv.has_exactly_one_key`, etc.) via `cv.All(...)` instead of hand-rolling.
+- A new or changed validator function that wraps, chooses or builds a schema
+  must be decorated with `@schema_extractor(...)` and handle `SCHEMA_EXTRACT`,
+  or `script/build_language_schema.py` silently drops the keys behind it (see
+  the `config-validation` skill).
 - `esphome/const.py` is frozen: no new `CONF_` constants there. Define them in
   the component's own `.py`, or in `esphome/components/const/__init__.py` when
   shared. The same constant defined in three or more component files fails CI.

.agents/skills/component-codegen/SKILL.md

@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+---
+name: component-codegen
+description: Write the Python side of an ESPHome component - __init__.py and platform files (sensor.py, switch.py, ...), DOMAIN and other metadata, to_code, hub child entities with sub_sensors and friends, pins and referenced components, hub-forwarding entities (ApplyButton, ApplySwitch), uart/i2c/spi constructor helpers, and CORE.data state. Use when creating a component or changing its code generation.
+---
+
+# Component code generation
+
+Read https://developers.esphome.io/architecture/components/ for the component lifecycle and how a
+component is registered. Schema rules and schema extraction are in the `config-validation` skill;
+automations (`on_*`, actions, conditions) in the `automations` skill.
+
+## Files
+
+```
+components/[component_name]/
+├── __init__.py          # Component configuration schema and code generation
+├── [component].h        # C++ header file (if needed)
+├── [component].cpp      # C++ implementation (if needed)
+└── [platform]/          # Platform-specific implementations
+    ├── __init__.py      # Platform-specific configuration
+    ├── [platform].h     # Platform C++ header
+    └── [platform].cpp   # Platform C++ implementation
+```
+
+## Metadata
+
+- `DOMAIN`: required in every component's `__init__.py`, set to the component's own name as a plain string
+  (e.g. `DOMAIN = "my_component"`). Other code refers to the component through it, e.g.
+  `from esphome.components.my_component import DOMAIN`. Keep it in alphabetical order with the other
+  metadata constants. CI (`lint_component_domain`) fails without it.
+- `DEPENDENCIES`: list of required components.
+- `AUTO_LOAD`: components to automatically load. Not a way to put entities under the component's own key;
+  see "Entities of a hub" below.
+- `CONFLICTS_WITH`: incompatible components.
+- `CODEOWNERS`: GitHub usernames responsible for maintenance.
+- `MULTI_CONF`: whether multiple instances are allowed.
+
+## Basic pattern
+
+```python
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_KEY, CONF_ID
+
+DOMAIN = "my_component"
+CONF_PARAM = "param"  # A constant that does not yet exist in esphome/const.py
+
+my_component_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("my_component")
+MyComponent = my_component_ns.class_("MyComponent", cg.Component)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(MyComponent),
+        cv.Required(CONF_KEY): cv.string,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_PARAM, default=42): cv.int_,
+    }
+).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    cg.add(var.set_key(config[CONF_KEY]))
+    cg.add(var.set_param(config[CONF_PARAM]))
+```
+
+```cpp
+namespace esphome::my_component {
+
+class MyComponent : public Component {
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  void loop() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+
+  void set_key(const char *key) { this->key_ = StringRef(key); }
+  void set_param(int param) { this->param_ = param; }
+
+ protected:
+  StringRef key_;
+  int param_{0};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::my_component
+```
+
+When the setter takes the value unchanged, use `cg.add_optional(var.set_blah, config.get(CONF_BLAH))`; it
+is not awaited, and it skips only `None`, so `0` and `False` are still set. Required, invariant
+dependencies are constructor arguments to `cg.new_Pvariable()`, not setters.
+
+## Entity platforms
+
+**Sensor:**
+```python
+from esphome.components import sensor
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = sensor.sensor_schema(MySensor).extend(
+    cv.polling_component_schema("60s")
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+```
+
+**Binary sensor:**
+```python
+from esphome.components import binary_sensor
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema().extend({...})
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
+```
+
+**Switch:**
+```python
+from esphome.components import switch
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = switch.switch_schema().extend({...})
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    var = await switch.new_switch(config)
+```
+
+## Entities of a hub
+
+A new component's entities go in platform files (`sensor.py`, `binary_sensor.py`, ...) that take the hub's
+id, never under the hub's own key with their platforms added to `AUTO_LOAD` to make that work. Auto loading
+a platform because the C++ uses its type is fine. See
+https://developers.esphome.io/architecture/components/#exposing-multiple-entities.
+```yaml
+# Bad - entities under the hub's key
+my_hub:
+  connected:
+    name: Connected
+
+# Good - the hub, then one platform entry that holds its entities
+my_hub:
+  id: hub1
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: my_hub
+    my_hub_id: hub1  # optional with a single hub
+    connected:
+      name: Connected
+```
+
+**Optional child entities of a hub:** bind the config once with `sensor.sub_sensors(config)` (or
+`sub_binary_sensors`, `sub_text_sensors`, `sub_buttons`, `sub_switches`, `sub_numbers`, `sub_selects` in
+their domains), adding `parent=hub` for entities that derive from `Parented<T>`, then make one call per
+key, even when there is only one. A call creates the entity only when its key is configured, passes it to
+the setter and returns it (or `None`); extra arguments such as `min_value` or `options` go on the call.
+Always name the setter explicitly on the object that owns it, never with `getattr` and an f-string, and
+keep that variable short (`var` for the component itself, `hub` for one fetched with `cg.get_variable`) so
+the calls fit on one line. Loops whose setter also takes an index, such as `set_gate_threshold(x, n)`, stay
+as they are.
+```python
+# my_hub/sensor.py
+async def to_code(config):
+    hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MY_HUB_ID])
+    sensors = sensor.sub_sensors(config)
+    await sensors(CONF_TEMPERATURE, hub.set_temperature_sensor)
+    await sensors(CONF_HUMIDITY, hub.set_humidity_sensor)
+
+
+# my_hub/button.py
+async def to_code(config):
+    hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MY_HUB_ID])
+    buttons = button.sub_buttons(config, parent=hub)
+    await buttons(CONF_RESTART, hub.set_restart_button)
+```
+
+**Hub forwarding entities need no C++ class:** a button, switch, number or select that only calls its hub
+uses `button.ApplyButton` (`switch.ApplySwitch`, `number.ApplyNumber`, `select.ApplySelect`) in its schema
+and `apply=` on the `sub_*` call. The body is a call on the hub with `entity` and `state`, `value` or
+`index`/`option` in scope; on a switch, number or select `publish="before"` or `"after"` publishes the
+state. `publish="momentary"` is only for legacy action switches (restart, factory reset): it publishes off
+and runs the body only when turned on. Never use it for a new entity; an action is a button.
+```python
+switches = switch.sub_switches(config, parent=hub)
+await switches(CONF_BLUETOOTH, None, apply="set_bluetooth(state)", publish="after")
+```
+Restore an owned or standalone switch in `setup()` with `sw->restore()`, or `restore(default)` to still
+drive a state when the restore mode is disabled. A hub that applies its switches' restored states itself
+reads `sw->get_initial_write_state()`, which already applies `inverted`.
+
+**Entities that each watch a register field:** one class taking register, shift, mask and match from a
+Python tuple table, in typed `StaticVector`s sized by `cg.slot_counter`; not a template per bit, not a
+virtual listener base (a second vptr per entity).
+
+## Other helpers
+
+- **Pins and referenced components:** set them with `await cg.add_pin(var.set_cs_pin, config[CONF_CS_PIN])`
+  and `await cg.add_variable(var.set_bus, config[CONF_BUS_ID])`; both skip a `None` value, so pass
+  `config.get(KEY)` for an optional key, and return what they created. Use `cg.register_parented` for
+  `set_parent`.
+- `uart.new_uart_component(config, *ctor_args)` (and `i2c.new_i2c_component`, `spi.new_spi_component`,
+  `modbus.new_modbus_client_component`, `ble_client.new_ble_node_component`) constructs, registers and
+  attaches in one call.
+- `display.add_writer(var, config)` sets the lambda.
+- `MyEnum.options("on", prefix="MY_ENUM_")` builds an enum dict.
+- `button.restart_button_schema(cls)` (and `factory_reset_`, `query_`) are button presets.
+- `fv.get_declaring_config(id)` finds a hub's config in final validation.
+
+## State during code generation
+
+Use `CORE.data` for component state that needs to persist during configuration generation, namespaced
+under the component's `DOMAIN` and held in a `@dataclass`. Avoid module-level mutable globals: they
+persist between compilation runs if the host process (e.g. device-builder) doesn't fork/exec, whereas
+`CORE.data` is cleared between runs.
+
+```python
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from esphome.core import CORE
+
+DOMAIN = "my_component"
+
+
+@dataclass
+class MyComponentData:
+    feature_enabled: bool = False
+    item_count: int = 0
+    items: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
+
+
+def _get_data() -> MyComponentData:
+    if DOMAIN not in CORE.data:
+        CORE.data[DOMAIN] = MyComponentData()
+    return CORE.data[DOMAIN]
+
+
+def request_feature() -> None:
+    _get_data().feature_enabled = True
+```
+
+Don't use flat keys such as `CORE.data["my_component_feature"] = True`. Some components use `TypedDict`
+instead of a dataclass; both are acceptable.

.agents/skills/component-tests/SKILL.md

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+---
+name: component-tests
+description: Write and run tests for ESPHome components - YAML build tests (test.*.yaml, validate.*.yaml, common.yaml) under tests/components, shared bus packages and CI test grouping, C++ gtest unit tests, and host integration tests including the uart_mock fixture. Use when adding or changing files under tests/, or when a code change needs test coverage.
+---
+
+# Component tests
+
+## C++ unit tests
+
+gtests live in `tests/components/<component>/*.cpp` and run with `script/cpp_unit_test.py <component>`; see
+`tests/components/README.md`. Set the loop clock in a test with `LoopBlockingGuard{nullptr, nullptr,
+now_ms}`; the runner resets it before every test.
+
+## Integration tests
+
+`tests/integration/` runs real firmware on the host. Serial components prove timeouts and recovery with the
+`uart_mock` fixture (`tests/integration/test_uart_mock_*.py`). Its `responses` match on content every time
+they see it; to answer a repeated request differently, use an `on_tx` lambda with a static counter and
+`inject_to_rx_buffer` (see `uart_mock_ld2412_requery_after_giveup.yaml`).
+
+## YAML build tests
+
+```
+tests/
+├── test_build_components/
+│   └── common/          # Shared bus packages (uart, i2c, spi, etc.)
+│       ├── uart/        # UART at default baud rate
+│       ├── uart_115200/ # UART at 115200 baud
+│       ├── i2c/         # I2C bus
+│       └── spi/         # SPI bus
+└── components/[component]/
+    ├── common.yaml          # Component-only config (no bus definitions)
+    ├── test.esp32-idf.yaml      # config + compile
+    ├── test.esp8266-ard.yaml    # config + compile
+    ├── test-variant.esp32-idf.yaml  # variant test, config + compile
+    ├── validate.esp32-idf.yaml      # config-only (never compiled)
+    └── validate-legacy.esp32-idf.yaml  # config-only variant
+```
+Run them with `script/test_build_components`. Use `-c <component>` to test specific components and
+`-t <target>` for specific platforms.
+
+- **Keep build-test variants few:** one `test.<platform>.yaml` per platform the code actually differs on.
+  A variant per board for platform-identical code only adds CI time.
+- **Config-only test files (`validate.*.yaml`):** use this prefix when a YAML file only needs to exercise
+  schema/validation paths and does not need to be compiled. CI runs `validate.*.yaml` files with
+  `esphome config` only and skips them during compile. The grammar mirrors `test.*.yaml`:
+  - `validate.<platform>.yaml`: base config-only test
+  - `validate-<variant>.<platform>.yaml`: config-only variant
+
+  Use this for deprecated-syntax migration tests, schema edge cases, or platform-specific validation
+  branches where building firmware adds no signal. A component may have any mix of `test.*.yaml` and
+  `validate.*.yaml` files. Validate files never participate in bus grouping; each one runs as its own
+  `esphome config` invocation.
+
+  When a PR's only edits to a component are `validate.*.yaml` files (no source changes, no `test.*.yaml`
+  changes, and the component isn't pulled in as a dependency of another changed component), CI skips the
+  compile stage for that component and only runs config validation. This is decided in
+  `script/determine-jobs.py` via `_component_change_is_validate_only` and surfaced as the
+  `validate_only_components` output that the `test-build-components-split` job consumes.
+
+## Grouping with packages
+
+Components that use shared bus packages can be grouped together in CI to reduce build count. **Never define
+buses (uart, i2c, spi, modbus) directly in test YAML files**; always use packages from
+`test_build_components/common/`.
+
+All includes in test files must go through dict-style `packages:` so that batch grouping works; the
+grouping scripts only understand dict-style packages. Never use list-style packages
+(`packages: [- !include ...]`) or top-level merge keys (`<<: !include common.yaml`). Bus packages are keyed
+by the bus name; the component's `common.yaml` is keyed by the component name (e.g.
+`cst328: !include common.yaml`):
+```yaml
+# test.esp32-idf.yaml - everything included via named packages
+packages:
+  uart: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_115200/esp32-idf.yaml
+  my_component: !include common.yaml
+```
+```yaml
+# common.yaml - component config only, NO bus definitions
+my_component:
+  id: my_instance
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: my_component
+    name: My Sensor
+```
+Components that define buses directly are flagged as "NEEDS MIGRATION" and cannot be grouped, increasing
+CI build time. `!extend` and `!remove` in a `test.*.yaml` also make the component ungroupable; add a
+standalone entity with its own id instead.
+
+A test that needs a shared component in a particular state (`esp32_ble` security settings, an option that
+PSRAM rejects) cannot be grouped: the merged block wins and the whole batch fails. Add the component to
+`ISOLATED_COMPONENTS` in `script/analyze_component_buses.py`, or move the option to a `test-<variant>` file.
+
+To verify that all components can be tested together without ID conflicts or configuration issues:
+```bash
+./script/test_component_grouping.py -e config --all
+```
+This tests all components in a single build to catch conflicts that might not appear when testing
+components individually. Use `-e config` for fast configuration validation, or `-e compile` for full
+compilation testing.

.agents/skills/config-validation/SKILL.md

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+---
+name: config-validation
+description: Write or change ESPHome configuration validation - CONFIG_SCHEMA, cv.Schema, cv.typed_schema, custom validator functions, config keys and CONF_ constants, renamed or deprecated keys, and the language schema that script/build_language_schema.py extracts from them. Use whenever a change touches a component's schema or a validator in config_validation.py, automation.py or a component's .py files.
+---
+
+# Configuration validation
+
+ESPHome validates YAML with `voluptuous` schemas built from `esphome/config_validation.py` (`cv`). The
+same schemas are also walked by `script/build_language_schema.py`, which produces the JSON language schema
+that editors and the dashboard use for completion and checking. A validation change is only finished when
+both still work.
+
+## Writing schemas
+
+- **Type hints:** validators are typed like any other function: `def validate_x(config: ConfigType) ->
+  ConfigType:`, with `ConfigType` imported from `esphome.types`.
+- **One schema per model:** when a component's options depend on a `model` key, use
+  `cv.typed_schema({...}, key=CONF_MODEL, default_type=...)` with each model's own keys and defaults, not
+  one schema plus a validator that rejects keys and fills defaults afterwards.
+- **Reuse existing validators:** before writing a custom validator, check for an existing one in
+  `config_validation.py` and compose it in `cv.All(...)` rather than duplicating logic across components.
+  For example, rename a config key with `cv.rename_key(CONF_OLD, CONF_NEW, removed_in="2026.6.0")`, and
+  reject mutually-exclusive keys with `cv.has_at_most_one_key(...)` / `cv.has_exactly_one_key(...)`. See
+  how `api` composes `cv.has_exactly_one_key` + `cv.rename_key`.
+- **Common validators:** `cv.int_`, `cv.float_`, `cv.string`, `cv.boolean`, `cv.int_range(min=0,
+  max=100)`, `cv.positive_int`, `cv.percentage`.
+- **Complex validation:** `cv.All(cv.string, cv.Length(min=1, max=50))`, `cv.Any(cv.int_, cv.string)`.
+- **Platform-specific:** `cv.only_on(["esp32", "esp8266"])`, `esp32.only_on_variant(...)`,
+  `cv.only_on_esp32`, `cv.only_on_esp8266`, `cv.only_on_rp2040`.
+- **Framework-specific:** `cv.only_with_framework(...)`, `cv.only_with_arduino`. On the ESP32, Arduino is
+  built as a component of ESP-IDF, so an ESP-IDF API, sdkconfig option or version floor is there on both
+  frameworks: gate on `esp32.require_idf_version(cv.Version(5, 5, 3), "psram_dma")`, which checks the
+  platform and the ESP-IDF under either framework, as `spi`, `usb_host` and `wifi` do. Reserve
+  `cv.only_with_framework("esp-idf")` for a build that has been tried on Arduino and fails there, and write
+  the actual failure next to it (`sendspin`: arduino-esp32 below ESP-IDF 6.0 bundles a second libsodium,
+  and from 6.0 sendspin-cpp's enumerators collide with `Arduino.h` macros such as `DISPLAY`).
+- **Schema extensions:**
+  ```python
+  CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema({ ... })
+   .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+   .extend(uart.UART_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+   .extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x48))
+   .extend(spi.spi_device_schema(cs_pin_required=True))
+  ```
+- **Constants:** `esphome/const.py` is frozen; do not add new `CONF_` constants there. Define a
+  component-local constant in the component's own `.py`; for a constant shared by multiple components, add
+  it to `esphome/components/const/__init__.py`. CI (`lint_constants_usage`) fails if the same constant is
+  defined in three or more component files. Constants used in core files (those not under
+  `esphome/components`) may be added to `esphome/const.py` but will require adjustment to the CI check.
+- **Renamed or removed keys:** see the `breaking-changes` skill for `cv.rename_key` and manual
+  deprecation warnings.
+- **Config-only tests:** schema edge cases and deprecated-syntax migrations go in `validate.*.yaml` test
+  files (see the `component-tests` skill).
+
+## Schema extraction
+
+`script/build_language_schema.py` sets `esphome.schema_extractors.EnableSchemaExtraction = True` before it
+imports any component, then walks every `CONFIG_SCHEMA` (and platform schema) recursively. It understands
+`cv.Schema`, `cv.All`, `cv.Any`, dicts of `cv.Required` / `cv.Optional` keys, `.extend()`, `cv.ensure_list`,
+`cv.typed_schema`, registries and the known `cv` validators. **A plain function it cannot see into**: a
+custom validator that builds or picks a schema at validation time hides every key behind it, and the
+dumper silently emits nothing for them. CI only runs the script with `--check`, which does not compare the
+output, so a lost schema is not caught.
+
+When a validator function wraps, chooses or builds a schema (rather than checking a single value), make it
+visible to the dumper:
+
+1. Decorate it with `@schema_extractor("<type>")` from `esphome.schema_extractors`.
+2. At the top of the function, return the data for that type when it is called with `SCHEMA_EXTRACT`
+   instead of a config value. Compare with `is` (`value is SCHEMA_EXTRACT`); older code uses `==`.
+
+```python
+from esphome.schema_extractors import SCHEMA_EXTRACT, schema_extractor
+
+
+@schema_extractor("schema")
+def _outgoing_connection_schema(config: ConfigType | None) -> ConfigType:
+    if config is SCHEMA_EXTRACT:
+        return _OUTGOING_CONNECTION_SCHEMA
+    if config is None:
+        config = {}
+    return _OUTGOING_CONNECTION_SCHEMA(config)
+```
+
+The type names the dumper accepts, and what `SCHEMA_EXTRACT` must return for each, are in the
+`hidden_schemas` branch of `convert()` in `script/build_language_schema.py`. The common ones:
+
+| Type | Return for `SCHEMA_EXTRACT` | Example |
+|------|-----------------------------|---------|
+| `"schema"` | the schema (or a representative one) to walk | `api` `_outgoing_connection_schema`, `restore_state_schema` in `esphome/core/entity_helpers.py`, `model_schema_extractor` in `esphome/components/mipi/__init__.py` |
+| `"enum"` | the dict of options | `sensor_entity_category` in `esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py` |
+| `"one_of"` | the list of options | `cv.one_of` |
+| `"maybe"` | `(validator, key)` for a scalar shorthand | `cv.maybe_simple_value`, `maybe_conf` in `esphome/automation.py` |
+| `"templatable"` | the inner validator | `cv.templatable` |
+| `"automation"` | the automation schema | `automation.validate_automation` |
+
+Points to watch:
+
+- The dumper matches the function object by `repr`, so the decorated function must be the exact object
+  placed in the schema. In a factory that returns a new closure per call, decorate the inner function (as
+  `restore_state_schema` and `cv.maybe_simple_value` do), not the factory.
+- The decorator only records anything when extraction is enabled, and that flag is set before imports, so
+  the decorator must run at import time (module level or inside a factory called at module level).
+- A schema chosen per config value (for example by `model`) has no single answer: return a representative
+  schema, as `model_schema_extractor` does.
+- Plain value checks (`cv.All(cv.string, my_check)`) need nothing: the dumper still sees the surrounding
+  types and keys.
+- `cv.Schema`, `cv.typed_schema`, `cv.ensure_list` and the `cv` helpers are already handled; prefer
+  composing them over a custom function, which also avoids the extractor work.
+
+### Checking the output
+
+Build the language schema into a scratch directory and look at the component's JSON (it takes about ten
+seconds):
+
+```bash
+python3 script/build_language_schema.py --output-path /tmp/schema
+python3 -c "import json; print(json.dumps(json.load(open('/tmp/schema/my_component.json')), indent=1))" | less
+```
+
+Every key a user can write should appear under `config_vars` with a sensible `type`; compare against the
+same output from `dev` when changing an existing schema. If the script prints `Unknown extracted schema
+type` or raises, the decorator type or the value returned for `SCHEMA_EXTRACT` is wrong. Unit tests for
+the dumper live in `tests/script/test_build_language_schema.py`.

.agents/skills/embedded-memory/SKILL.md

@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+---
+name: embedded-memory
+description: Choose ESPHome C++ containers and storage that avoid heap use and fragmentation on microcontrollers - std::array, StaticVector with cg.slot_counter, FixedVector, std::unique_ptr byte buffers, StringRef, RAMAllocator, and what to avoid (std::vector growth, std::map, std::deque, std::string, new (std::nothrow)). Use when adding or changing C++ members, containers, buffers, strings or registration lists, or when reducing RAM or flash use.
+---
+
+# Memory on embedded targets
+
+ESP devices run for months with small heaps shared between Wi-Fi, BLE, LWIP, and application code. Over
+time, repeated allocations of different sizes fragment the heap. Failures happen when the largest
+contiguous block shrinks, even if total free heap is still large. We have seen field crashes caused by
+this.
+
+**Heap allocation after `setup()` should be avoided unless absolutely unavoidable.** Every
+allocation/deallocation cycle contributes to fragmentation. ESPHome treats runtime heap allocation as a
+long-term reliability bug, not a performance issue. Helpers that hide allocation (`std::string`,
+`std::to_string`, string-returning helpers) are being deprecated and replaced with buffer and view based
+APIs.
+
+## Container guidelines
+
+1. **Compile-time-known sizes:** use `std::array` instead of `std::vector` when size is known at compile
+   time.
+   ```cpp
+   // Bad - generates STL realloc code
+   std::vector<int> values;
+
+   // Good - no dynamic allocation
+   std::array<int, MAX_VALUES> values;
+   ```
+   Use `cg.add_define("MAX_VALUES", count)` to set the size from Python configuration.
+
+   **For byte buffers:** avoid `std::vector<uint8_t>` unless the buffer needs to grow. Use
+   `std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]>` instead. It does **not** provide bounds checking or iterator support like
+   `std::vector<uint8_t>`; use it only when you do not need these features.
+   ```cpp
+   // Bad - STL overhead for simple byte buffer
+   std::vector<uint8_t> buffer;
+   buffer.resize(256);
+
+   // Good - minimal overhead, single allocation
+   std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> buffer = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(256);
+   // Or if size is constant:
+   std::array<uint8_t, 256> buffer;
+   ```
+
+2. **Compile-time-known fixed sizes with vector-like API:** use `StaticVector` from
+   `esphome/core/helpers.h` for compile-time fixed size with a `push_back()` interface (no dynamic
+   allocation).
+   ```cpp
+   // Bad - generates STL realloc code (_M_realloc_insert)
+   std::vector<ServiceRecord> services;
+   services.reserve(5);  // Still includes reallocation machinery
+
+   // Good - compile-time fixed size, no dynamic allocation
+   StaticVector<ServiceRecord, MAX_SERVICES> services;
+   services.push_back(record1);
+   ```
+   Use `cg.add_define("MAX_SERVICES", count)` to set the size from Python configuration.
+
+   **Listener and child-entity registration lists are the most common case, and the most commonly
+   missed.** A `register_*()` method called once per child at code generation time has a count that is
+   known at compile time, so it should never be a `std::vector`. Use `cg.slot_counter()`: it returns a
+   function that each consumer calls once per slot it will occupy, and after every `to_code` has run it
+   emits the define with the final count. When nothing registers, no define is emitted and the storage plus
+   its registration method compile out entirely.
+   ```python
+   # hub component's __init__.py
+   _request_listener_slot = cg.slot_counter("MY_COMPONENT_LISTENER_COUNT")
+
+
+   async def register_listener(hub: MockObj, var: MockObj) -> None:
+       _request_listener_slot()
+       cg.add(hub.register_listener(var))
+   ```
+   When several instances each own a list declared at the same size (one per hub of a `MULTI_CONF`
+   component), pass the owning object as the key, `_request_listener_slot(str(hub))`; the define is then
+   the largest count any one key requested instead of the total.
+   ```cpp
+   #ifdef MY_COMPONENT_LISTENER_COUNT
+     void register_listener(MyComponentListener *listener);
+   #endif
+    protected:
+   #ifdef MY_COMPONENT_LISTENER_COUNT
+     StaticVector<MyComponentListener *, MY_COMPONENT_LISTENER_COUNT> listeners_;
+   #endif
+   ```
+   Request slots from `to_code`, not from a job that runs after `CoroPriority.FINAL`; a late request
+   raises rather than silently undercounting.
+
+3. **Runtime-known sizes:** use `FixedVector` from `esphome/core/helpers.h` when the size is only known at
+   runtime initialization.
+   ```cpp
+   // Bad - generates STL realloc code (_M_realloc_insert)
+   std::vector<TxtRecord> txt_records;
+   txt_records.reserve(5);  // Still includes reallocation machinery
+
+   // Good - runtime size, single allocation, no reallocation machinery
+   FixedVector<TxtRecord> txt_records;
+   txt_records.init(record_count);  // Initialize with exact size at runtime
+   ```
+   This eliminates `_M_realloc_insert` and `_M_default_append` template instantiations (200-500 bytes per
+   instance), needs no upper bound, and is compatible with protobuf code generation when using
+   `[(fixed_vector) = true]`.
+
+4. **Small datasets (1-16 elements):** use `std::vector` or `std::array` with simple structs instead of
+   `std::map`/`std::set`/`std::unordered_map`.
+   ```cpp
+   // Bad - 2KB+ overhead for red-black tree/hash table
+   std::map<std::string, int> small_lookup;
+   std::unordered_map<int, std::string> tiny_map;
+
+   // Good - simple struct with linear search (std::vector is fine)
+   struct LookupEntry {
+     const char *key;
+     int value;
+   };
+   std::vector<LookupEntry> small_lookup = {
+     {"key1", 10},
+     {"key2", 20},
+     {"key3", 30},
+   };
+   // Or std::array if size is compile-time constant:
+   // std::array<LookupEntry, 3> small_lookup = {{ ... }};
+   ```
+   Linear search on small datasets is often faster than hashing or tree overhead, but this depends on
+   lookup frequency; in hot paths the O(1) vs O(n) difference may still matter. It is the heavy containers
+   (`map`, `set`, `unordered_map`) that should be avoided for small datasets unless profiling shows
+   otherwise.
+
+5. **Strings set once from configuration:** use `StringRef` (`esphome/core/string_ref.h`) rather than
+   `std::string`. Code generation passes a string literal that lives in flash for the life of the program,
+   so storing a `std::string` copies it onto the heap for nothing. `StringRef` is a non-owning pointer plus
+   length; it does not copy, and it must only ever refer to storage that outlives it (a string literal, or
+   a buffer owned elsewhere).
+   ```cpp
+   // Bad - heap copy of a literal that is already in flash
+   void set_keys(std::string keys) { this->keys_ = std::move(keys); }
+   std::string keys_;
+   ```
+   ```cpp
+   // Good - no allocation
+   void set_keys(const char *keys) { this->keys_ = StringRef(keys); }
+   StringRef keys_;
+   ```
+
+6. **Avoid `std::deque`:** it allocates in 512-byte blocks regardless of element size, guaranteeing at
+   least 512 bytes of RAM usage immediately. This is a major source of crashes on memory-constrained
+   devices.
+
+7. **Never use `new (std::nothrow)`:** on ESP-IDF exceptions are disabled, so a failed nothrow allocation
+   aborts instead of returning `nullptr`. Use `RAMAllocator` from `esphome/core/helpers.h`; CI rejects
+   `std::nothrow`.
+
+8. **Detection:** look for these patterns in compiler output:
+   - Large code sections with STL symbols (vector, map, set)
+   - `alloc`, `realloc`, `dealloc` in symbol names
+   - `_M_realloc_insert`, `_M_default_append` (vector reallocation)
+   - Red-black tree code (`rb_tree`, `_Rb_tree`)
+   - Hash table infrastructure (`unordered_map`, `hash`)
+
+Callback storage (`CallbackManager` vs `LazyCallbackManager`) and templated registration methods are
+covered in the `automations` skill.
+
+## Where to spend effort
+
+Prioritize container optimization for core components (API, network, logger), widely used components
+(mdns, wifi, ble), and components causing flash size complaints. Avoiding heap allocation after `setup()`
+is always required regardless of component type; the priority list is about effort spent on container
+migration (e.g. `std::vector` to `StaticVector`).

.github/actions/apt-packages/action.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+name: Install apt packages (cached)
+description: >-
+  Installs libsdl2-dev, libmbedtls-dev and ccache from one shared cache. The cache key comes
+  only from the package list and version, so both live here and nowhere else.
+runs:
+  using: "composite"
+  steps:
+    - name: Keep a failed install out of the cache
+      # cache-apt-pkgs ignores install failures and saved an empty cache when a stale package
+      # list got a 404 (upstream awalsh128/cache-apt-pkgs-action#221). It uses an apt-fast
+      # already on PATH: this one refreshes the lists and retries when the install fails and,
+      # if that fails too, removes the folder the action would save. Only a cache miss installs.
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        sudo tee /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99ci-acquire-timeouts >/dev/null <<'EOF'
+        Acquire::Retries "1";
+        Acquire::http::Timeout "15";
+        Acquire::https::Timeout "15";
+        EOF
+        sudo tee /usr/local/bin/apt-fast > /dev/null <<'EOF'
+        #!/bin/bash
+        if [[ " $* " != *" install "* ]]; then
+          exec apt-get "$@"
+        fi
+        touch /tmp/apt-fast-standin-ran
+        apt-get "$@" && exit 0
+        apt-get update -qq >&2
+        # The action pins each package to the version the stale lists named
+        args=()
+        for arg in "$@"; do
+          if [[ "${arg}" == -* ]]; then args+=("${arg}"); else args+=("${arg%%=*}"); fi
+        done
+        apt-get "${args[@]}" && exit 0
+        # The action writes our output to install.log inside the folder it saves
+        log="$(readlink -f "/proc/$$/fd/1")"
+        if [ "$(basename "${log}")" = install.log ]; then
+          rm -rf "$(dirname "${log}")"
+        else
+          touch /tmp/apt-fast-cleanup-missed
+        fi
+        exit 1
+        EOF
+        sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/apt-fast
+    - name: Install apt packages (cached)
+      id: apt
+      # Pinned on purpose and not watched by Dependabot: the step above relies on how this
+      # release calls apt-fast and where it writes install.log.
+      uses: awalsh128/cache-apt-pkgs-action@553a35bb8ebd9fcabcb1c9451aa4c98e1b4ca8a9 # v1.6.3
+      with:
+        packages: libsdl2-dev libmbedtls-dev ccache
+        # 1.3 drops the empty caches saved before the step above existed
+        version: 1.3
+    - name: Check the packages are installed
+      shell: bash
+      env:
+        CACHE_HIT: ${{ steps.apt.outputs.cache-hit }}
+      run: |
+        if [ "${CACHE_HIT}" != "true" ] && [ ! -e /tmp/apt-fast-standin-ran ]; then
+          echo "::error::cache-apt-pkgs did not use the apt-fast stand-in; check the pinned release"
+          exit 1
+        fi
+        if [ -e /tmp/apt-fast-cleanup-missed ]; then
+          echo "::error::the failed install may have been cached; check the pinned release and bump the version"
+          exit 1
+        fi
+        # The action restores files without registering them with dpkg
+        for cmd in ccache sdl2-config; do
+          if ! command -v "${cmd}" > /dev/null; then
+            echo "::error::${cmd} is missing after the cached install"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+        done
+        if [ ! -f /usr/include/mbedtls/version.h ]; then
+          echo "::error::libmbedtls-dev is missing after the cached install"
+          exit 1
+        fi

.github/actions/restore-python/action.yml

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ runs:
   steps:
     - name: Set up Python ${{ inputs.python-version }}
       id: python
-      uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
+      uses: actions/setup-python@6d4fd22b20465ccc0f7354476588e8df7c9ca0e0 # v7.1.0
       with:
         python-version: ${{ inputs.python-version }}
     - name: Restore Python virtual environment
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ runs:
       # detects the activated venv via ``VIRTUAL_ENV`` so the venv layout
       # downstream jobs rely on is preserved.
       if: steps.cache-venv.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-      uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@1c37ad07a6a961277cf70c0d37d6f313000f5884 # v10.3.0
+      uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@07a047e608db84b3d8c06cd9a7c7dcc9c355c18e # v10.3.2
       with:
         enable-cache: true
         # Pull request saves land in per-PR scopes nothing else can

.github/workflows/ci-api-proto.yml

@@ -23,13 +23,13 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@6d4fd22b20465ccc0f7354476588e8df7c9ca0e0 # v7.1.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.12"
       - name: Set up uv
         # ``--system`` (below) installs into the setup-python interpreter;
         # no venv is created or restored by this workflow.
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@1c37ad07a6a961277cf70c0d37d6f313000f5884 # v10.3.0
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@07a047e608db84b3d8c06cd9a7c7dcc9c355c18e # v10.3.2
         with:
           enable-cache: true
           # Pull-request-only workflow: a save could never be shared and

.github/workflows/ci-docker.yml

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@6d4fd22b20465ccc0f7354476588e8df7c9ca0e0 # v7.1.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.12"
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Log in to the GitHub container registry
         if: steps.tag.outputs.push == 'true'
-        uses: docker/login-action@dbcb813823bdd20940b903addbd779551569679f # v4.6.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@81c6f93d4bc991e510b342a00b419b3bb4efc5c6 # v4.7.0
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.actor }}
@@ -154,14 +154,14 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@6d4fd22b20465ccc0f7354476588e8df7c9ca0e0 # v7.1.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.12"
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
         uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@594f3bf4285d9ea8dc53c9a0c9c4092420091003 # v4.4.0
 
       - name: Log in to the GitHub container registry
-        uses: docker/login-action@dbcb813823bdd20940b903addbd779551569679f # v4.6.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@81c6f93d4bc991e510b342a00b419b3bb4efc5c6 # v4.7.0
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.actor }}

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
         run: echo key="${{ hashFiles('requirements.txt', 'requirements_dev.txt', 'requirements_test.txt', '.pre-commit-config.yaml') }}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
       - name: Set up Python ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
         id: python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@6d4fd22b20465ccc0f7354476588e8df7c9ca0e0 # v7.1.0
         with:
           python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
       - name: Restore Python virtual environment
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ jobs:
         # detects the activated venv via ``VIRTUAL_ENV`` so downstream jobs
         # that ``. venv/bin/activate`` see an identical layout.
         if: steps.cache-venv.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@1c37ad07a6a961277cf70c0d37d6f313000f5884 # v10.3.0
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@07a047e608db84b3d8c06cd9a7c7dcc9c355c18e # v10.3.2
         with:
           enable-cache: true
           # Pull request saves land in per-PR scopes nothing else can
@@ -73,16 +73,17 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     # PR-branch cache saves are invisible to other PRs, so dev/beta/release
     # pushes seed the one shared entry PR jobs restore. The key is derived
-    # only from the package list and version; keep both identical in every
-    # step that restores it. In ci-status needs so a broken seed fails dev.
+    # only from the package list and version, kept in the apt-packages action.
+    # In ci-status needs so a broken seed fails dev.
     if: github.event_name == 'push'
     timeout-minutes: 10
     steps:
-      - name: Install apt packages (cached)
-        uses: awalsh128/cache-apt-pkgs-action@553a35bb8ebd9fcabcb1c9451aa4c98e1b4ca8a9 # v1.6.3
+      - name: Check out code from GitHub
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
         with:
-          packages: libsdl2-dev libmbedtls-dev ccache
-          version: 1.2
+          sparse-checkout: .github
+      - name: Install apt packages (cached)
+        uses: ./.github/actions/apt-packages
 
   determine-jobs:
     name: Determine which jobs to run
@@ -412,17 +413,13 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install apt packages (cached)
         # ccache speeds up the host compiles. A cache hit never touches apt
         # (mirror outages cannot hang the job); the timeout bounds the cold
-        # path. Packages and version must match seed-apt-cache exactly.
-        # libsdl2-dev is needed by the headless display tests, which capture
-        # screenshots.
+        # path. libsdl2-dev is needed by the headless display tests, which
+        # capture screenshots.
         timeout-minutes: 10
-        uses: awalsh128/cache-apt-pkgs-action@553a35bb8ebd9fcabcb1c9451aa4c98e1b4ca8a9 # v1.6.3
-        with:
-          packages: libsdl2-dev libmbedtls-dev ccache
-          version: 1.2
+        uses: ./.github/actions/apt-packages
       - name: Set up Python 3.13
         id: python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@6d4fd22b20465ccc0f7354476588e8df7c9ca0e0 # v7.1.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.13"
       - name: Restore integration library cache
@@ -441,7 +438,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up uv
         # Only needed on cache miss to populate the venv.
         if: steps.cache-venv.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@1c37ad07a6a961277cf70c0d37d6f313000f5884 # v10.3.0
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@07a047e608db84b3d8c06cd9a7c7dcc9c355c18e # v10.3.2
         with:
           enable-cache: true
           # Pull request saves land in per-PR scopes nothing else can
@@ -630,7 +627,7 @@ jobs:
             apt-get install -y libc6-dbg
 
       - name: Run CodSpeed benchmarks
-        uses: CodSpeedHQ/action@821a40cd6c80e3cfe387caf55668287addd808da # v5.5.0
+        uses: CodSpeedHQ/action@78102a468f96d8e0ccb92d0ec49425753fc42062 # v5.6.0
         with:
           run: |
             . venv/bin/activate
@@ -718,13 +715,9 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install apt packages (cached)
         if: matrix.pio_cache_key == 'tidyhost'
         # libsdl2-dev is needed by the sdl component on the host, libmbedtls-dev
-        # by dsmr and dlms_meter. Packages and version must match seed-apt-cache
-        # exactly.
+        # by dsmr and dlms_meter.
         timeout-minutes: 10
-        uses: awalsh128/cache-apt-pkgs-action@553a35bb8ebd9fcabcb1c9451aa4c98e1b4ca8a9 # v1.6.3
-        with:
-          packages: libsdl2-dev libmbedtls-dev ccache
-          version: 1.2
+        uses: ./.github/actions/apt-packages
 
       - name: Restore Python
         id: restore-python
@@ -1111,20 +1104,16 @@ jobs:
       - name: List components
         run: echo ${{ matrix.batch.components }}
 
+      - name: Check out code from GitHub
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+
       - name: Install apt packages (cached)
         # A cache hit (seeded on dev by seed-apt-cache) never touches apt,
         # so mirror outages cannot hang this PR-only job; the timeout bounds
-        # the cold path. Packages and version must match seed-apt-cache
-        # exactly. The action has no --no-install-recommends; same package
-        # set this job used before #17463.
+        # the cold path. The action has no --no-install-recommends; same
+        # package set this job used before #17463.
         timeout-minutes: 10
-        uses: awalsh128/cache-apt-pkgs-action@553a35bb8ebd9fcabcb1c9451aa4c98e1b4ca8a9 # v1.6.3
-        with:
-          packages: libsdl2-dev libmbedtls-dev ccache
-          version: 1.2
-
-      - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+        uses: ./.github/actions/apt-packages
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:
@@ -1457,7 +1446,7 @@ jobs:
           ref: main
           path: device-builder
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@6d4fd22b20465ccc0f7354476588e8df7c9ca0e0 # v7.1.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.13"
       - name: Set up uv
@@ -1466,7 +1455,7 @@ jobs:
         # install step (order-of-magnitude faster on cold boots,
         # with its own wheel cache). actions/setup-python still
         # provides the interpreter.
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@1c37ad07a6a961277cf70c0d37d6f313000f5884 # v10.3.0
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@07a047e608db84b3d8c06cd9a7c7dcc9c355c18e # v10.3.2
         with:
           enable-cache: true
           # Pull request saves land in per-PR scopes nothing else can

.github/workflows/codeql.yml

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ jobs:
 
       # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
       - name: Initialize CodeQL
-        uses: github/codeql-action/init@6f2ac81f5cd81fe351a197ba0b00d91d03cd2aee # v4.39.0
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@9b3254085494b55a0f7c4c2b3d2d52cc712ce370 # v4.39.1
         with:
           languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
           build-mode: ${{ matrix.build-mode }}
@@ -84,6 +84,6 @@ jobs:
           exit 1
 
       - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@6f2ac81f5cd81fe351a197ba0b00d91d03cd2aee # v4.39.0
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@9b3254085494b55a0f7c4c2b3d2d52cc712ce370 # v4.39.1
         with:
           category: "/language:${{matrix.language}}"

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@6d4fd22b20465ccc0f7354476588e8df7c9ca0e0 # v7.1.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.x"
       - name: Build
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@6d4fd22b20465ccc0f7354476588e8df7c9ca0e0 # v7.1.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.12"
 
@@ -126,12 +126,12 @@ jobs:
         uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@594f3bf4285d9ea8dc53c9a0c9c4092420091003 # v4.4.0
 
       - name: Log in to docker hub
-        uses: docker/login-action@dbcb813823bdd20940b903addbd779551569679f # v4.6.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@81c6f93d4bc991e510b342a00b419b3bb4efc5c6 # v4.7.0
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USER }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASSWORD }}
       - name: Log in to the GitHub container registry
-        uses: docker/login-action@dbcb813823bdd20940b903addbd779551569679f # v4.6.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@81c6f93d4bc991e510b342a00b419b3bb4efc5c6 # v4.7.0
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.actor }}
@@ -206,13 +206,13 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Log in to docker hub
         if: matrix.registry == 'dockerhub'
-        uses: docker/login-action@dbcb813823bdd20940b903addbd779551569679f # v4.6.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@81c6f93d4bc991e510b342a00b419b3bb4efc5c6 # v4.7.0
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USER }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASSWORD }}
       - name: Log in to the GitHub container registry
         if: matrix.registry == 'ghcr'
-        uses: docker/login-action@dbcb813823bdd20940b903addbd779551569679f # v4.6.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@81c6f93d4bc991e510b342a00b419b3bb4efc5c6 # v4.7.0
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.actor }}

.github/workflows/sync-dependency-versions.yml

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ jobs:
           token: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
 
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@6d4fd22b20465ccc0f7354476588e8df7c9ca0e0 # v7.1.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.12"
 

.github/workflows/sync-device-classes.yml

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ jobs:
           path: lib/home-assistant
 
       - name: Setup Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@6d4fd22b20465ccc0f7354476588e8df7c9ca0e0 # v7.1.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.14"
 
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ jobs:
         # setup-python interpreter so subsequent ``prek`` /
         # ``script/run-in-env.py`` steps find the deps without a
         # ``uv run`` prefix.
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@1c37ad07a6a961277cf70c0d37d6f313000f5884 # v10.3.0
+        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@07a047e608db84b3d8c06cd9a7c7dcc9c355c18e # v10.3.2
         with:
           enable-cache: true
           # Pin uv version so the action does not have to fetch the

.github/workflows/sync-integration-durations.yml

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
 
       - name: Setup Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@5fda3b95a4ea91299a34e894583c3862153e4b97 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@6d4fd22b20465ccc0f7354476588e8df7c9ca0e0 # v7.1.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.13"
 

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ ci:
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
     # Ruff version.
-    rev: v0.17.1
+    rev: v0.17.2
     hooks:
       # Run the linter.
       - id: ruff

AGENTS.md

@@ -54,6 +54,19 @@ file does, and it is the authority when they disagree. The most useful starting
     `set_interval`, `set_timeout` and `defer`; waking the loop from another thread; the RAM cost of each.
 *   https://developers.esphome.io/contributing/code/ - contribution rules, public API and breaking changes.
 
+*   **Skills:** detailed recipes live in skills under `.agents/skills/` (also reachable as `.claude/skills/` and
+    `.github/skills/`). Load the matching skill before doing that kind of work; agents without skill support
+    should read the `SKILL.md` file directly.
+    *   `component-codegen`: component files and metadata, `to_code`, hub child entities, codegen helpers,
+        `CORE.data` state.
+    *   `config-validation`: schemas, validators, `CONF_` constants, and keeping schema extraction working.
+    *   `automations`: triggers, actions, conditions and callback registration.
+    *   `embedded-memory`: container and string choices that avoid heap use after `setup()`.
+    *   `component-tests`: YAML build tests, bus packages and CI grouping, C++ unit tests, integration tests.
+    *   `breaking-changes`: what is public API, deprecation patterns and migration notes.
+    *   `pr-workflow`, `code-review`, `hardware-test`, `display-test`: creating PRs, reviewing them, and testing
+        on real boards and panels.
+
 *   **Formatting:**
     *   **Python:** Uses `ruff` for linting and formatting. Configuration is in `pyproject.toml`.
     *   **C++:** Uses `clang-format` for formatting. Configuration is in `.clang-format`.
@@ -226,9 +239,6 @@ file does, and it is the authority when they disagree. The most useful starting
         end of `setup()` when the entities need a state at boot.
     *   **A multi-step command sequence** leaves the step pending when the answer is malformed, so the existing
         resend and give-up logic handles it; never advance on an answer that was only logged.
-    *   **Entities that each watch a register field:** one class taking register, shift, mask and match from a Python
-        tuple table, in typed `StaticVector`s sized by `cg.slot_counter`; not a template per bit, not a virtual
-        listener base (a second vptr per entity).
     *   **A global feature define** says the code is compiled in, not that this instance uses it: keep the
         per-instance check (`if (this->aux_device_ == ...)`) inside the `#ifdef`.
     *   **Model-specific code** sits behind a define the Python side emits only for configs that use that model
@@ -279,398 +289,28 @@ file does, and it is the authority when they disagree. The most useful starting
         };
         ```
 
-*   **Component Structure:**
-    *   **Standard Files:**
-        ```
-        components/[component_name]/
-        ├── __init__.py          # Component configuration schema and code generation
-        ├── [component].h        # C++ header file (if needed)
-        ├── [component].cpp      # C++ implementation (if needed)
-        └── [platform]/          # Platform-specific implementations
-            ├── __init__.py      # Platform-specific configuration
-            ├── [platform].h     # Platform C++ header
-            └── [platform].cpp   # Platform C++ implementation
-        ```
+*   **Component Code Generation:** every component's `__init__.py` defines `DOMAIN` (its own name, checked by
+    CI). Hub entities go in platform files (`sensor.py`, ...) that take the hub's id, not under the hub's own
+    key. File layout, metadata, the `to_code` pattern, `sub_sensors` and the other codegen helpers are in the
+    `component-codegen` skill.
 
-    *   **Component Metadata:**
-        - `DOMAIN`: Required in every component's `__init__.py`, set to the component's own name as a plain
-          string (e.g. `DOMAIN = "my_component"`). Other code refers to the component through it, e.g.
-          `from esphome.components.my_component import DOMAIN`. Keep it in alphabetical order with the other
-          metadata constants. CI (`lint_component_domain`) fails without it.
-        - `DEPENDENCIES`: List of required components
-        - `AUTO_LOAD`: Components to automatically load. Not a way to put entities under the component's
-          own key; see "Entities of a hub" below.
-        - `CONFLICTS_WITH`: Incompatible components
-        - `CODEOWNERS`: GitHub usernames responsible for maintenance
-        - `MULTI_CONF`: Whether multiple instances are allowed
-
-*   **Code Generation & Common Patterns:**
-    *   **Configuration Schema Pattern:**
-        ```python
-        import esphome.codegen as cg
-        import esphome.config_validation as cv
-        from esphome.const import CONF_KEY, CONF_ID
-
-        DOMAIN = "my_component"
-        CONF_PARAM = "param"  # A constant that does not yet exist in esphome/const.py
-
-        my_component_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("my_component")
-        MyComponent = my_component_ns.class_("MyComponent", cg.Component)
-
-        CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
-            {
-                cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(MyComponent),
-                cv.Required(CONF_KEY): cv.string,
-                cv.Optional(CONF_PARAM, default=42): cv.int_,
-            }
-        ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
-
-
-        async def to_code(config):
-            var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-            await cg.register_component(var, config)
-            cg.add(var.set_key(config[CONF_KEY]))
-            cg.add(var.set_param(config[CONF_PARAM]))
-        ```
-
-    *   **C++ Class Pattern:**
-        ```cpp
-        namespace esphome::my_component {
-
-        class MyComponent : public Component {
-         public:
-          void setup() override;
-          void loop() override;
-          void dump_config() override;
-
-          void set_key(const std::string &key) { this->key_ = key; }
-          void set_param(int param) { this->param_ = param; }
-
-         protected:
-          std::string key_;
-          int param_{0};
-        };
-
-        }  // namespace esphome::my_component
-        ```
-
-    *   **Common Component Examples:**
-        - **Sensor:**
-          ```python
-          from esphome.components import sensor
-
-          CONFIG_SCHEMA = sensor.sensor_schema(MySensor).extend(
-              cv.polling_component_schema("60s")
-          )
-
-
-          async def to_code(config):
-              var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
-              await cg.register_component(var, config)
-          ```
-
-        - **Binary Sensor:**
-          ```python
-          from esphome.components import binary_sensor
-
-          CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema().extend({...})
-
-
-          async def to_code(config):
-              var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
-          ```
-
-        - **Switch:**
-          ```python
-          from esphome.components import switch
-
-          CONFIG_SCHEMA = switch.switch_schema().extend({...})
-
-
-          async def to_code(config):
-              var = await switch.new_switch(config)
-          ```
-
-        - **Entities of a hub:** a new component's entities go in platform files (`sensor.py`,
-          `binary_sensor.py`, ...) that take the hub's id, never under the hub's own key with their platforms
-          added to `AUTO_LOAD` to make that work. Auto loading a platform because the C++ uses its type is
-          fine. See https://developers.esphome.io/architecture/components/#exposing-multiple-entities.
-          ```yaml
-          # Bad - entities under the hub's key
-          my_hub:
-            connected:
-              name: Connected
-
-          # Good - the hub, then one platform entry that holds its entities
-          my_hub:
-            id: hub1
-          binary_sensor:
-            - platform: my_hub
-              my_hub_id: hub1  # optional with a single hub
-              connected:
-                name: Connected
-          ```
-
-        - **Optional child entities of a hub:** bind the config once with `sensor.sub_sensors(config)` (or
-          `sub_binary_sensors`, `sub_text_sensors`, `sub_buttons`, `sub_switches`, `sub_numbers`,
-          `sub_selects` in their domains), adding `parent=hub` for entities that derive from `Parented<T>`,
-          then make one call per key, even when there is only one. A call creates the entity only when its key
-          is configured, passes it to the setter and returns it (or `None`); extra arguments such as
-          `min_value` or `options` go on the call. Always name the setter explicitly on the object that owns
-          it, never with `getattr` and an f-string, and keep that variable short (`var` for the component
-          itself, `hub` for one fetched with `cg.get_variable`) so the calls fit on one line. Loops whose
-          setter also takes an index, such as `set_gate_threshold(x, n)`, stay as they are.
-          ```python
-          # my_hub/sensor.py
-          async def to_code(config):
-              hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MY_HUB_ID])
-              sensors = sensor.sub_sensors(config)
-              await sensors(CONF_TEMPERATURE, hub.set_temperature_sensor)
-              await sensors(CONF_HUMIDITY, hub.set_humidity_sensor)
-
-
-          # my_hub/button.py
-          async def to_code(config):
-              hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MY_HUB_ID])
-              buttons = button.sub_buttons(config, parent=hub)
-              await buttons(CONF_RESTART, hub.set_restart_button)
-          ```
-
-        - **Pins and referenced components:** set them with `await cg.add_pin(var.set_cs_pin, config[CONF_CS_PIN])`
-          and `await cg.add_variable(var.set_bus, config[CONF_BUS_ID])`; both skip a `None` value, so pass
-          `config.get(KEY)` for an optional key, and return what they created. Use `cg.register_parented` for `set_parent`.
-
-        - **Hub forwarding entities need no C++ class:** a button, switch, number or select that only calls its hub
-          uses `button.ApplyButton` (`switch.ApplySwitch`, `number.ApplyNumber`, `select.ApplySelect`) in its schema
-          and `apply=` on the `sub_*` call. The body is a call on the hub with `entity` and `state`, `value` or
-          `index`/`option` in scope; on a switch, number or select `publish="before"` or `"after"` publishes the state.
-          `publish="momentary"` is only for legacy action switches (restart, factory reset): it publishes off and runs
-          the body only when turned on. Never use it for a new entity; an action is a button.
-          ```python
-          switches = switch.sub_switches(config, parent=hub)
-          await switches(CONF_BLUETOOTH, None, apply="set_bluetooth(state)", publish="after")
-          ```
-          Restore an owned or standalone switch in `setup()` with `sw->restore()`, or `restore(default)`
-          to still drive a state when the restore mode is disabled.
-          A hub that applies its switches' restored states itself reads `sw->get_initial_write_state()`, which
-          already applies `inverted`.
-
-        - **Other codegen helpers:** `uart.new_uart_component(config, *ctor_args)` (and `i2c.new_i2c_component`,
-          `spi.new_spi_component`, `modbus.new_modbus_client_component`, `ble_client.new_ble_node_component`)
-          constructs, registers and attaches in one call; `display.add_writer(var, config)` sets the lambda;
-          `MyEnum.options("on", prefix="MY_ENUM_")` builds an enum dict; `button.restart_button_schema(cls)` (and
-          `factory_reset_`, `query_`) are button presets; `fv.get_declaring_config(id)` finds a hub's config in
-          final validation.
-
-*   **Automations (Triggers, Actions, Conditions):**
-
-    Automations have three building blocks: **Triggers** (fire when something happens), **Actions** (do something), and **Conditions** (check if something is true).
-
-    *   **Triggers -- Callback method (preferred):**
-
-        Use `build_callback_automation()` for simple triggers. This eliminates the need for a C++ Trigger class by using a lightweight pointer-sized forwarder struct registered directly as a callback. No `CONF_TRIGGER_ID` in the schema.
-
-        **Python:**
-        ```python
-        from esphome import automation
-
-        CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
-            {
-                cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(MyComponent),
-                cv.Optional(CONF_ON_STATE): automation.validate_automation({}),
-            }
-        ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
-
-
-        async def to_code(config):
-            var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-            await cg.register_component(var, config)
-            for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_STATE, []):
-                await automation.build_callback_automation(
-                    var, "add_on_state_callback", [(bool, "x")], conf
-                )
-        ```
-
-        `build_callback_automation` arguments: `parent`, `callback_method` (C++ method name), `args` (template args as `[(type, name)]` tuples), `config`, and optional `forwarder` (defaults to `TriggerForwarder<Ts...>`).
-
-        For boolean filtering (e.g. `on_press`/`on_release`), use built-in forwarders with `args=[]`:
-        ```python
-        for conf_key, forwarder in (
-            (CONF_ON_PRESS, automation.TriggerOnTrueForwarder),
-            (CONF_ON_RELEASE, automation.TriggerOnFalseForwarder),
-        ):
-            for conf in config.get(conf_key, []):
-                await automation.build_callback_automation(
-                    var, "add_on_state_callback", [], conf, forwarder=forwarder
-                )
-        ```
-
-        When the callback's parameters differ from the automation's arguments, or the trigger should only
-        fire for some values, pass `params`, `forward` and `when`; the helper then generates a capture-less
-        lambda (stored inline, nothing allocated). Name the parent with `automation.parent_ref(var)` and build
-        `forward` from `MockObj` calls, not f-strings of C++:
-        ```python
-        parent = automation.parent_ref(var)
-        index = cg.RawExpression("index")
-        await automation.build_callback_automation(
-            var,
-            "add_on_state_callback",
-            [(cg.StringRef, "x"), (cg.size_t, "i")],
-            conf,
-            params=[(cg.size_t, "index")],
-            forward=[cg.StringRef(parent.option_at(index)), index],
-        )
-        ```
-        `build_parent_callback_automation`, `build_trigger_callback`, `build_callback_automations` and
-        `build_trigger_automations` cover the other shapes; see their docstrings in `esphome/automation.py`.
-
-        **C++ -- no trigger class needed.** The callback registration method must be templatized to accept both `std::function` and lightweight forwarder structs (which avoid heap allocation):
-        ```cpp
-        class MyComponent : public Component {
-         public:
-          // Must be a template -- accepts both std::function and pointer-sized forwarder structs
-          template<typename F> void add_on_state_callback(F &&callback) {
-            this->state_callback_.add(std::forward<F>(callback));
-          }
-         protected:
-          // Use CallbackManager when callbacks are always registered (e.g. core components)
-          CallbackManager<void(bool)> state_callback_;
-          // Use LazyCallbackManager when callbacks are often not registered -- saves 8 bytes
-          // (nullptr vs empty std::vector) per instance when no callbacks are added
-          // LazyCallbackManager<void(bool)> state_callback_;
-        };
-        ```
-
-    *   **Triggers -- Trigger class method:**
-
-        Use `build_automation()` with a `Trigger<Ts...>` subclass only when the forwarder needs **mutable state beyond a single `Automation*` pointer** (e.g. edge detection tracking previous state, timing logic).
-
-        **Python:**
-        ```python
-        TurnOnTrigger = my_ns.class_("TurnOnTrigger", automation.Trigger.template())
-
-        CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
-            {
-                cv.Optional(CONF_ON_TURN_ON): automation.validate_automation(
-                    {cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(TurnOnTrigger)}
-                ),
-            }
-        )
-
-
-        async def to_code(config):
-            for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_TURN_ON, []):
-                trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
-                await automation.build_automation(trigger, [], conf)
-        ```
-
-        **C++:**
-        ```cpp
-        class TurnOnTrigger : public Trigger<> {
-         public:
-          explicit TurnOnTrigger(MyComponent *parent) : last_on_{false} {
-            parent->add_on_state_callback([this](bool state) {
-              if (state && !this->last_on_)
-                this->trigger();
-              this->last_on_ = state;
-            });
-          }
-         protected:
-          bool last_on_;
-        };
-        ```
-
-    *   **Actions:**
-        ```cpp
-        template<typename... Ts> class MyAction : public Action<Ts...> {
-         public:
-          explicit MyAction(MyComponent *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
-          void play(const Ts &...) override { this->parent_->do_something(); }
-         protected:
-          MyComponent *parent_;
-        };
-        ```
-        Register it without writing a builder:
-        ```python
-        automation.register_simple_action(
-            "my_component.do_something", MyAction, schema, synchronous=True
-        )
-        ```
-        The constructor receives the object named by `config[CONF_ID]`. Use `register_bare_action` for a
-        no-argument constructor, `register_parented_action` for a class deriving from `Parented<T>`, and
-        the `@automation.register_action(...)` decorator only when the builder must also set fields.
-
-        Use `synchronous=True` for actions that run to completion inside `play()` without deferring. Use `synchronous=False` if the action may suspend/defer execution (e.g. `delay`, `wait_until`, `script.wait`) or store trigger arguments for later use.
-
-        **Actions that only forward templatable values to their parent need no C++ class.** Register them
-        with `register_apply_action`; do not write a `TEMPLATABLE_VALUE` class or a builder for this shape.
-        ```python
-        automation.register_apply_action(
-            "my_component.set_gains",
-            schema,
-            automation.ApplyField(CONF_KP, "set_kp", cg.float_),
-            automation.ApplyField(CONF_KI, "set_ki", cg.float_),
-        )
-        ```
-        The `ApplyField`, `ApplyCall` and `register_apply_action` docstrings in `esphome/automation.py` cover
-        the rest; `cover.control` and `cover.template.publish` are in-tree examples. An action whose input is a
-        byte payload passes `automation.ApplyBytes(CONF_DATA, "send({})")` in the same call; a constant payload
-        stays in flash and a lambda's vector is forwarded as data and size. `TEMPLATABLE_VALUE` with
-        `cg.templatable` stays for actions whose `play()` has real logic beyond forwarding values.
-
-    *   **Conditions:**
-        ```cpp
-        template<typename... Ts> class MyCondition : public Condition<Ts...> {
-         public:
-          explicit MyCondition(MyComponent *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
-          bool check(const Ts &...) override { return this->parent_->is_active(); }
-         protected:
-          MyComponent *parent_;
-        };
-        ```
-        Register with `automation.register_simple_condition("my_component.is_active", MyCondition, schema)`;
-        `register_bare_condition`, `register_parented_condition` and the decorator follow the action rules.
-
-        **Conditions that only test their parent need no C++ class either.** Register them with
-        `register_apply_condition`; the expression is applied to the parent, and an `ApplyCall` compares
-        against config values.
-        ```python
-        automation.register_apply_condition("my_component.is_active", schema, "is_active()")
-        automation.register_apply_condition(
-            "my_component.state_is",
-            schema,
-            automation.ApplyCall("state == {}", ((CONF_STATE, cg.bool_),)),
-        )
-        ```
-        `cover.is_open`, `rtttl.is_playing` and `component.is_idle` are in-tree examples.
+*   **Automations (Triggers, Actions, Conditions):** prefer `build_callback_automation()` over a `Trigger`
+    class, and `register_apply_action` / `register_apply_condition` over a C++ class that only forwards to its
+    parent. Callback registration methods are always `template<typename F>`, never `std::function`. Details
+    and examples are in the `automations` skill.
 
 *   **Type Hints:** Type-hint all function signatures, including test functions and config validators (e.g. `def validate_x(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:`, `def test_x() -> None:`). Import `ConfigType` from `esphome.types`.
     An intentionally empty body (an unused `register_dumper` builder, for example) gets a one-line docstring, not `pass`.
 
-*   **Configuration Validation:**
-    *   **One schema per model:** when a component's options depend on a `model` key, use `cv.typed_schema({...},
-        key=CONF_MODEL, default_type=...)` with each model's own keys and defaults, not one schema plus a validator
-        that rejects keys and fills defaults afterwards.
-    *   **Reuse existing validators:** Before writing a custom validator, check for an existing one in `config_validation.py` and compose it in `cv.All(...)` rather than duplicating logic across components. For example, rename a config key with `cv.rename_key(CONF_OLD, CONF_NEW, removed_in="2026.6.0")`, and reject mutually-exclusive keys with `cv.has_at_most_one_key(...)` / `cv.has_exactly_one_key(...)`. See how `api` composes `cv.has_exactly_one_key` + `cv.rename_key`.
-    *   **Common Validators:** `cv.int_`, `cv.float_`, `cv.string`, `cv.boolean`, `cv.int_range(min=0, max=100)`, `cv.positive_int`, `cv.percentage`.
-    *   **Complex Validation:** `cv.All(cv.string, cv.Length(min=1, max=50))`, `cv.Any(cv.int_, cv.string)`.
-    *   **Platform-Specific:** `cv.only_on(["esp32", "esp8266"])`, `esp32.only_on_variant(...)`, `cv.only_on_esp32`, `cv.only_on_esp8266`, `cv.only_on_rp2040`.
-    *   **Framework-Specific:** `cv.only_with_framework(...)`, `cv.only_with_arduino`. On the ESP32, Arduino is
-        built as a component of ESP-IDF, so an ESP-IDF API, sdkconfig option or version floor is there on both
-        frameworks: gate on `esp32.require_idf_version(cv.Version(5, 5, 3), "psram_dma")`, which checks the
-        platform and the ESP-IDF under either framework, as `spi`, `usb_host` and `wifi` do. Reserve
-        `cv.only_with_framework("esp-idf")` for a build that has been tried on Arduino and fails there, and write
-        the actual failure next to it (`sendspin`: arduino-esp32 below ESP-IDF 6.0 bundles a second libsodium,
-        and from 6.0 sendspin-cpp's enumerators collide with `Arduino.h` macros such as `DISPLAY`).
-    *   **Schema Extensions:**
-        ```python
-        CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema({ ... })
-         .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
-         .extend(uart.UART_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
-         .extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x48))
-         .extend(spi.spi_device_schema(cs_pin_required=True))
-        ```
-    *   **Constants:** `esphome/const.py` is frozen — do not add new `CONF_` constants there. Define a component-local constant in the component's own `.py` (as with `CONF_PARAM` above); for a constant shared by multiple components, add it to `esphome/components/const/__init__.py`. CI (`lint_constants_usage`) fails if the same constant is defined in three or more component files. Constants used in core files (i.e. those not under `esphome/components`) may be added to `esphome/const.py` but will require adjustment to the CI validation check.
+*   **Configuration Validation:** follow the `config-validation` skill. In short: one `cv.typed_schema` per
+    model, reuse validators from `config_validation.py`, and never add `CONF_` constants to the frozen
+    `esphome/const.py`.
+    *   **Schema extraction:** whenever config validation code is added or changed, make sure
+        `script/build_language_schema.py` still extracts the full schema. The dumper cannot see inside a plain
+        function, so a validator function that wraps, chooses or builds a schema must be decorated with
+        `@schema_extractor(...)` and return the schema data when called with `SCHEMA_EXTRACT` (both from
+        `esphome.schema_extractors`). CI does not catch a missing schema; build the schema and check the
+        component's JSON as the `config-validation` skill describes.
 
 ## 5. Key Files & Entrypoints
 
@@ -690,71 +330,12 @@ file does, and it is the authority when they disagree. The most useful starting
 *   **Testing:**
     *   **Python:** Run unit tests with `pytest`.
     *   **C++:** Use `clang-tidy` for static analysis.
-    *   **C++ unit tests:** gtests in `tests/components/<component>/*.cpp`, run with
-        `script/cpp_unit_test.py <component>`; see `tests/components/README.md`. Set the loop clock in a test
-        with `LoopBlockingGuard{nullptr, nullptr, now_ms}`; the runner resets it before every test.
-    *   **Integration tests:** `tests/integration/` runs real firmware on the host. Serial components prove
-        timeouts and recovery with the `uart_mock` fixture (`tests/integration/test_uart_mock_*.py`). Its
-        `responses` match on content every time they see it; to answer a repeated request differently, use an
-        `on_tx` lambda with a static counter and `inject_to_rx_buffer` (see `uart_mock_ld2412_requery_after_giveup.yaml`).
-    *   **Keep build-test variants few:** one `test.<platform>.yaml` per platform the code actually differs
-        on. A variant per board for platform-identical code only adds CI time.
-    *   **A test that needs a shared component in a particular state** (`esp32_ble` security settings, an option
-        that PSRAM rejects) cannot be grouped: the merged block wins and the whole batch fails. Add the component to
-        `ISOLATED_COMPONENTS` in `script/analyze_component_buses.py`, or move the option to a `test-<variant>` file.
-    *   **Component Tests:** YAML-based compilation tests are located in `tests/`. The structure is as follows:
-        ```
-        tests/
-        ├── test_build_components/
-        │   └── common/          # Shared bus packages (uart, i2c, spi, etc.)
-        │       ├── uart/        # UART at default baud rate
-        │       ├── uart_115200/ # UART at 115200 baud
-        │       ├── i2c/         # I2C bus
-        │       └── spi/         # SPI bus
-        └── components/[component]/
-            ├── common.yaml          # Component-only config (no bus definitions)
-            ├── test.esp32-idf.yaml      # config + compile
-            ├── test.esp8266-ard.yaml    # config + compile
-            ├── test-variant.esp32-idf.yaml  # variant test, config + compile
-            ├── validate.esp32-idf.yaml      # config-only (never compiled)
-            └── validate-legacy.esp32-idf.yaml  # config-only variant
-        ```
-        Run them using `script/test_build_components`. Use `-c <component>` to test specific components and `-t <target>` for specific platforms.
+    *   **Component tests:** YAML build tests live in `tests/components/<component>/` and run with
+        `script/test_build_components -c <component>`. Never define buses directly in test YAML: include the
+        shared packages from `tests/test_build_components/common/` with dict-style `packages:`. Test file naming,
+        `validate.*.yaml` config-only tests, CI grouping, C++ unit tests and integration tests are in the
+        `component-tests` skill.
 
-    *   **Config-only test files (`validate.*.yaml`):** Use this prefix when a YAML file only needs to exercise schema/validation paths and does not need to be compiled. CI runs `validate.*.yaml` files with `esphome config` only and skips them during compile. The grammar mirrors `test.*.yaml`:
-        - `validate.<platform>.yaml` — base config-only test
-        - `validate-<variant>.<platform>.yaml` — config-only variant
-
-        Use this for things like deprecated-syntax migration tests, schema edge cases, or platform-specific validation branches where building firmware adds no signal. A component may have any mix of `test.*.yaml` and `validate.*.yaml` files. Validate files never participate in bus-grouping; each one runs as its own `esphome config` invocation.
-
-        When a PR's only edits to a component are `validate.*.yaml` files (no source changes, no `test.*.yaml` changes, and the component isn't pulled in as a dependency of another changed component), CI skips the compile stage for that component entirely and only runs config validation. This is decided in `script/determine-jobs.py` via `_component_change_is_validate_only` and surfaced as the `validate_only_components` output that the `test-build-components-split` job consumes.
-
-    *   **Test Grouping with Packages:** Components that use shared bus packages can be grouped together in CI to reduce build count. **Never define buses (uart, i2c, spi, modbus) directly in test YAML files** — always use packages from `test_build_components/common/`.
-
-        All includes in test files must go through dict-style `packages:` so that batch grouping works correctly — the grouping scripts only understand dict-style packages. Never use list-style packages (`packages: [- !include ...]`) or top-level merge keys (`<<: !include common.yaml`). Bus packages are keyed by the bus name; the component's `common.yaml` is keyed by the component name (e.g. `cst328: !include common.yaml`):
-        ```yaml
-        # test.esp32-idf.yaml — everything included via named packages
-        packages:
-          uart: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_115200/esp32-idf.yaml
-          my_component: !include common.yaml
-        ```
-        ```yaml
-        # common.yaml — component config only, NO bus definitions
-        my_component:
-          id: my_instance
-
-        sensor:
-          - platform: my_component
-            name: My Sensor
-        ```
-        Components that define buses directly are flagged as "NEEDS MIGRATION" and cannot be grouped, increasing CI build time.
-        `!extend` and `!remove` in a `test.*.yaml` also make the component ungroupable; add a standalone entity with its own id instead.
-
-    *   **Testing All Components Together:** To verify that all components can be tested together without ID conflicts or configuration issues, use:
-        ```bash
-        ./script/test_component_grouping.py -e config --all
-        ```
-        This tests all components in a single build to catch conflicts that might not appear when testing components individually. Use `-e config` for fast configuration validation, or `-e compile` for full compilation testing.
 *   **Debugging and Troubleshooting:**
     *   **Debug Tools:**
         - `esphome config <file>.yaml` to validate configuration.
@@ -768,7 +349,7 @@ file does, and it is the authority when they disagree. The most useful starting
 
 ## 7. Specific Instructions for AI Collaboration
 
-*   **Contribution Workflow (Pull Request Process):**
+*   **Contribution Workflow (Pull Request Process):** the `pr-workflow` skill walks through these steps.
     1.  **Fork & Branch:** Create a new branch based on the `dev` branch (always use `git checkout -b <branch-name> dev` to ensure you're branching from `dev`, not the currently checked out branch).
     2.  **Make Changes:** Adhere to all coding conventions and patterns.
     3.  **Test:** Create component tests for all supported platforms and run the full test suite locally.
@@ -788,236 +369,15 @@ file does, and it is the authority when they disagree. The most useful starting
     *   **Configuration Design:** Aim for simplicity with sensible defaults, while allowing for advanced customization.
     *   **Embedded Systems Optimization:** ESPHome targets resource-constrained microcontrollers. Be mindful of flash size and RAM usage.
 
-        **Why Heap Allocation Matters:**
+        **Heap allocation after `setup()` should be avoided unless absolutely unavoidable.** ESP devices run for
+        months with small shared heaps, and repeated allocations fragment them until a large allocation fails; we
+        have seen field crashes caused by this. ESPHome treats runtime heap allocation as a long-term reliability
+        bug, not a performance issue. Prefer `std::array`, `StaticVector` (sized with `cg.slot_counter()` for
+        registration lists), `FixedVector` and `StringRef` over growing `std::vector`, `std::map`, `std::deque`
+        and `std::string`. The `embedded-memory` skill has the full container guidelines.
 
-        ESP devices run for months with small heaps shared between Wi-Fi, BLE, LWIP, and application code. Over time, repeated allocations of different sizes fragment the heap. Failures happen when the largest contiguous block shrinks, even if total free heap is still large. We have seen field crashes caused by this.
-
-        **Heap allocation after `setup()` should be avoided unless absolutely unavoidable.** Every allocation/deallocation cycle contributes to fragmentation. ESPHome treats runtime heap allocation as a long-term reliability bug, not a performance issue. Helpers that hide allocation (`std::string`, `std::to_string`, string-returning helpers) are being deprecated and replaced with buffer and view based APIs.
-
-        **STL Container Guidelines:**
-
-        ESPHome runs on embedded systems with limited resources. Choose containers carefully:
-
-        1. **Compile-time-known sizes:** Use `std::array` instead of `std::vector` when size is known at compile time.
-           ```cpp
-           // Bad - generates STL realloc code
-           std::vector<int> values;
-
-           // Good - no dynamic allocation
-           std::array<int, MAX_VALUES> values;
-           ```
-           Use `cg.add_define("MAX_VALUES", count)` to set the size from Python configuration.
-
-           **For byte buffers:** Avoid `std::vector<uint8_t>` unless the buffer needs to grow. Use `std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]>` instead.
-
-           > **Note:** `std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]>` does **not** provide bounds checking or iterator support like `std::vector<uint8_t>`. Use it only when you do not need these features and want minimal overhead.
-
-           ```cpp
-           // Bad - STL overhead for simple byte buffer
-           std::vector<uint8_t> buffer;
-           buffer.resize(256);
-
-           // Good - minimal overhead, single allocation
-           std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> buffer = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(256);
-           // Or if size is constant:
-           std::array<uint8_t, 256> buffer;
-           ```
-
-        2. **Compile-time-known fixed sizes with vector-like API:** Use `StaticVector` from `esphome/core/helpers.h` for compile-time fixed size with `push_back()` interface (no dynamic allocation).
-           ```cpp
-           // Bad - generates STL realloc code (_M_realloc_insert)
-           std::vector<ServiceRecord> services;
-           services.reserve(5);  // Still includes reallocation machinery
-
-           // Good - compile-time fixed size, no dynamic allocation
-           StaticVector<ServiceRecord, MAX_SERVICES> services;
-           services.push_back(record1);
-           ```
-           Use `cg.add_define("MAX_SERVICES", count)` to set the size from Python configuration.
-           Like `std::array` but with vector-like API (`push_back()`, `size()`) and no STL reallocation code.
-
-           **Listener and child-entity registration lists are the most common case, and the most commonly
-           missed.** A `register_*()` method called once per child at code generation time has a count that
-           is known at compile time, so it should never be a `std::vector`. Use `cg.slot_counter()`: it
-           returns a function that each consumer calls once per slot it will occupy, and after every
-           `to_code` has run it emits the define with the final count. When nothing registers, no define is
-           emitted and the storage plus its registration method compile out entirely.
-           ```python
-           # hub component's __init__.py
-           _request_listener_slot = cg.slot_counter("MY_COMPONENT_LISTENER_COUNT")
-
-
-           async def register_listener(hub: MockObj, var: MockObj) -> None:
-               _request_listener_slot()
-               cg.add(hub.register_listener(var))
-           ```
-           When several instances each own a list declared at the same size (one per hub of a
-           `MULTI_CONF` component), pass the owning object as the key, `_request_listener_slot(str(hub))`;
-           the define is then the largest count any one key requested instead of the total.
-           ```cpp
-           #ifdef MY_COMPONENT_LISTENER_COUNT
-             void register_listener(MyComponentListener *listener);
-           #endif
-            protected:
-           #ifdef MY_COMPONENT_LISTENER_COUNT
-             StaticVector<MyComponentListener *, MY_COMPONENT_LISTENER_COUNT> listeners_;
-           #endif
-           ```
-           Request slots from `to_code`, not from a job that runs after `CoroPriority.FINAL` - a late
-           request raises rather than silently undercounting.
-
-        3. **Runtime-known sizes:** Use `FixedVector` from `esphome/core/helpers.h` when the size is only known at runtime initialization.
-           ```cpp
-           // Bad - generates STL realloc code (_M_realloc_insert)
-           std::vector<TxtRecord> txt_records;
-           txt_records.reserve(5);  // Still includes reallocation machinery
-
-           // Good - runtime size, single allocation, no reallocation machinery
-           FixedVector<TxtRecord> txt_records;
-           txt_records.init(record_count);  // Initialize with exact size at runtime
-           ```
-           **Benefits:**
-           - Eliminates `_M_realloc_insert`, `_M_default_append` template instantiations (saves 200-500 bytes per instance)
-           - Single allocation, no upper bound needed
-           - No reallocation overhead
-           - Compatible with protobuf code generation when using `[(fixed_vector) = true]` option
-
-        4. **Small datasets (1-16 elements):** Use `std::vector` or `std::array` with simple structs instead of `std::map`/`std::set`/`std::unordered_map`.
-           ```cpp
-           // Bad - 2KB+ overhead for red-black tree/hash table
-           std::map<std::string, int> small_lookup;
-           std::unordered_map<int, std::string> tiny_map;
-
-           // Good - simple struct with linear search (std::vector is fine)
-           struct LookupEntry {
-             const char *key;
-             int value;
-           };
-           std::vector<LookupEntry> small_lookup = {
-             {"key1", 10},
-             {"key2", 20},
-             {"key3", 30},
-           };
-           // Or std::array if size is compile-time constant:
-           // std::array<LookupEntry, 3> small_lookup = {{ ... }};
-           ```
-           Linear search on small datasets (1-16 elements) is often faster than hashing/tree overhead, but this depends on lookup frequency and access patterns. For frequent lookups in hot code paths, the O(1) vs O(n) complexity difference may still matter even for small datasets. `std::vector` with simple structs is usually fine—it's the heavy containers (`map`, `set`, `unordered_map`) that should be avoided for small datasets unless profiling shows otherwise.
-
-        5. **Strings set once from configuration:** Use `StringRef` (`esphome/core/string_ref.h`) rather than
-           `std::string`. Code generation passes a string literal that lives in flash for the life of the
-           program, so storing a `std::string` copies it onto the heap for nothing. `StringRef` is a
-           non-owning pointer plus length; it does not copy, and it must only ever refer to storage that
-           outlives it (a string literal, or a buffer owned elsewhere).
-           ```cpp
-           // Bad - heap copy of a literal that is already in flash
-           void set_keys(std::string keys) { this->keys_ = std::move(keys); }
-           std::string keys_;
-           ```
-           ```cpp
-           // Good - no allocation
-           void set_keys(const char *keys) { this->keys_ = StringRef(keys); }
-           StringRef keys_;
-           ```
-
-        6. **Avoid `std::deque`:** It allocates in 512-byte blocks regardless of element size, guaranteeing at least 512 bytes of RAM usage immediately. This is a major source of crashes on memory-constrained devices.
-
-        7. **Never use `new (std::nothrow)`:** On ESP-IDF exceptions are disabled, so a failed nothrow allocation aborts instead of returning `nullptr`. Use `RAMAllocator` from `esphome/core/helpers.h`; CI rejects `std::nothrow`.
-
-        8. **Detection:** Look for these patterns in compiler output:
-           - Large code sections with STL symbols (vector, map, set)
-           - `alloc`, `realloc`, `dealloc` in symbol names
-           - `_M_realloc_insert`, `_M_default_append` (vector reallocation)
-           - Red-black tree code (`rb_tree`, `_Rb_tree`)
-           - Hash table infrastructure (`unordered_map`, `hash`)
-
-        **Prioritize optimization effort for:**
-        - Core components (API, network, logger)
-        - Widely-used components (mdns, wifi, ble)
-        - Components causing flash size complaints
-
-        Note: Avoiding heap allocation after `setup()` is always required regardless of component type. The prioritization above is about the effort spent on container optimization (e.g., migrating from `std::vector` to `StaticVector`).
-
-        **Callback Managers:**
-
-        ESPHome provides two callback manager types in `esphome/core/helpers.h` for the observer pattern. Both support `std::function`, lambdas, and lightweight forwarder structs via their templatized `add()` method.
-
-        | Type | Idle overhead (32-bit) | When to use |
-        |------|----------------------|-------------|
-        | `CallbackManager<void(Ts...)>` | 12 bytes (empty `std::vector`) | Callbacks are always or almost always registered |
-        | `LazyCallbackManager<void(Ts...)>` | 4 bytes (`nullptr`) | Callbacks are often not registered (common case) |
-
-        `LazyCallbackManager` is a drop-in replacement for `CallbackManager` that defers allocation until the first callback is added. Prefer it for entity-level callbacks where most instances have no subscribers.
-
-        **Important:** Registration methods that add to a callback manager **must always be templatized** to accept both `std::function` and pointer-sized forwarder structs (used by `build_callback_automation`). Never use `std::function` in the method signature:
-        ```cpp
-        // Bad -- forces heap allocation for forwarder structs
-        void add_on_state_callback(std::function<void(bool)> &&callback) {
-          this->state_callback_.add(std::move(callback));
-        }
-
-        // Good -- accepts any callable without forcing std::function wrapping
-        template<typename F> void add_on_state_callback(F &&callback) {
-          this->state_callback_.add(std::forward<F>(callback));
-        }
-        ```
-
-    *   **State Management:** Use `CORE.data` for component state that needs to persist during configuration generation. Avoid module-level mutable globals.
-
-        **Bad Pattern (Module-Level Globals):**
-        ```python
-        # Don't do this - state persists between compilation runs
-        _component_state = []
-        _use_feature = None
-
-
-        def enable_feature():
-            global _use_feature
-            _use_feature = True
-        ```
-
-        **Bad Pattern (Flat Keys):**
-        ```python
-        # Don't do this - keys should be namespaced under component domain
-        MY_FEATURE_KEY = "my_component_feature"
-        CORE.data[MY_FEATURE_KEY] = True
-        ```
-
-        **Good Pattern (dataclass):**
-        ```python
-        from dataclasses import dataclass, field
-        from esphome.core import CORE
-
-        DOMAIN = "my_component"
-
-
-        @dataclass
-        class MyComponentData:
-            feature_enabled: bool = False
-            item_count: int = 0
-            items: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
-
-
-        def _get_data() -> MyComponentData:
-            if DOMAIN not in CORE.data:
-                CORE.data[DOMAIN] = MyComponentData()
-            return CORE.data[DOMAIN]
-
-
-        def request_feature() -> None:
-            _get_data().feature_enabled = True
-
-
-        def add_item(item: str) -> None:
-            _get_data().items.append(item)
-        ```
-
-        If you need a real-world example, search for components that use `@dataclass` with `CORE.data` in the codebase. Note: Some components may use `TypedDict` for dictionary-based storage; both patterns are acceptable depending on your needs.
-
-        **Why this matters:**
-        - Module-level globals persist between compilation runs if the host process (e.g. device-builder) doesn't fork/exec
-        - `CORE.data` automatically clears between runs
-        - Namespacing under `DOMAIN` prevents key collisions between components
-        - `@dataclass` provides type safety and cleaner attribute access
+    *   **State Management:** keep code generation state in `CORE.data`, namespaced under the component's
+        `DOMAIN` in a `@dataclass`, never in module-level mutable globals (see the `component-codegen` skill).
 
 *   **Security:** Be mindful of security when making changes to the API, web server, or any other network-related code. Do not hardcode secrets or keys.
 
@@ -1028,57 +388,11 @@ file does, and it is the authority when they disagree. The most useful starting
 
 ## 8. Public API and Breaking Changes
 
-*   **Public C++ API:**
-    *   **Components**: Only documented features at [esphome.io](https://esphome.io) are public API. Undocumented `public` members are internal.
-    *   **Core/Base Classes** (`esphome/core/`, `Component`, `Sensor`, etc.): All `public` members are public API.
-    *   **Components with Global Accessors** (`global_api_server`, etc.): All `public` members are public API (except config setters).
+*   Only features documented at [esphome.io](https://esphome.io) are public API for components; all `public`
+    members of `esphome/core/` and base classes are public API. Aim for a 6-month deprecation window
+    (`ESPDEPRECATED` in C++, `cv.rename_key(..., removed_in=...)` for config keys) and document the migration
+    path in the PR description. The `breaking-changes` skill has the full policy, checklist and patterns.
 
-*   **Public Python API:**
-    *   All documented configuration options at [esphome.io](https://esphome.io) are public API.
-    *   Python code in `esphome/core/` actively used by existing core components is considered stable API.
-    *   Other Python code is internal unless explicitly documented for external component use.
-
-*   **Breaking Changes Policy:**
-    *   Aim for **6-month deprecation window** when possible
-    *   Clean breaks allowed for: signature changes, deep refactorings, resource constraints
-    *   Must document migration path in PR description (generates release notes)
-    *   Blog post required for core/base class changes or significant architectural changes
-    *   Full details: https://developers.esphome.io/contributing/code/#public-api-and-breaking-changes
-
-*   **Breaking Change Checklist:**
-    - [ ] Clear justification (RAM/flash savings, architectural improvement)
-    - [ ] Explored non-breaking alternatives
-    - [ ] Added deprecation warnings if possible (use `ESPDEPRECATED` macro for C++)
-    - [ ] Documented migration path in PR description with before/after examples
-    - [ ] Updated all internal usage and esphome.io
-    - [ ] Tested backward compatibility during deprecation period
-
-*   **Deprecation Pattern (C++):**
-    ```cpp
-    // Remove before 2026.6.0
-    ESPDEPRECATED("Use new_method() instead. Removed in 2026.6.0", "2025.12.0")
-    void old_method() { this->new_method(); }
-    ```
-
-*   **Deprecation Pattern (Python):**
-    For a renamed config key, use the shared `cv.rename_key` validator with `removed_in` (and `component` for context) — it warns and auto-migrates:
-    ```python
-    CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
-        cv.rename_key(
-            CONF_OLD_KEY, CONF_NEW_KEY, removed_in="2026.6.0", component="my_component"
-        ),
-        cv.Schema({...}),
-    )
-    ```
-    For other deprecations, warn manually during validation:
-    ```python
-    # Remove before 2026.6.0
-    if CONF_OLD_KEY in config:
-        _LOGGER.warning(
-            f"'{CONF_OLD_KEY}' deprecated, use '{CONF_NEW_KEY}'. Removed in 2026.6.0"
-        )
-        config[CONF_NEW_KEY] = config.pop(CONF_OLD_KEY)  # Auto-migrate
-    ```
 ## 9. English Language
 
 The project uses English for non-code content. When drafting documentation, code comments, commit messages,

CODEOWNERS

@@ -439,6 +439,7 @@ esphome/components/modbus_controller/select/* @martgras @stegm
 esphome/components/modbus_controller/sensor/* @martgras
 esphome/components/modbus_controller/switch/* @martgras
 esphome/components/modbus_controller/text_sensor/* @martgras
+esphome/components/modbus_monitor/* @Bascht74
 esphome/components/modbus_server/* @exciton
 esphome/components/modem/* @oarcher
 esphome/components/mopeka_ble/* @Fabian-Schmidt @spbrogan

esphome/__main__.py

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Protocol
 # cause them to be loaded before external components are processed, resulting
 # in the built-in version being used instead of the external component one.
 from esphome import const, platform_hooks
-from esphome.build_helpers.native import analysis_backend, native_backend
+from esphome.build_helpers.native import native_backend
 from esphome.const import (
     ARGUMENT_HELP_DEVICE,
     BUNDLE_EXTENSION,
@@ -1305,10 +1305,7 @@ def upload_program(
                 f"{option_string} is only supported with the esphome OTA platform; "
                 "the web_server OTA path can only update the firmware image."
             )
-        binary = CORE.firmware_bin
-        if getattr(args, "file", None) is not None:
-            binary = Path(args.file)
-        return _upload_via_web_server(config, network_devices, binary)
+        return _upload_via_web_server(config, network_devices, _app_ota_image(args))
 
     return _upload_via_native_api(config, network_devices, args)
 
@@ -1364,6 +1361,16 @@ def _esphome_ota_conf(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType | None:
     return next(iter(esphome_ota_items(config)), None)
 
 
+def _app_ota_image(args: ArgsProtocol) -> Path:
+    """The file an app update sends: ``--file`` or the build output, as the
+    target platform's ota_image hook picks it."""
+    binary = CORE.firmware_bin
+    if (file := getattr(args, "file", None)) is not None:
+        binary = Path(file)
+    ota_image = platform_hooks.get_platform_hook(CORE.target_platform, "ota_image")
+    return ota_image(binary) if ota_image is not None else binary
+
+
 def _upload_via_native_api(
     config: ConfigType, network_devices: list[str], args: ArgsProtocol
 ) -> tuple[int, str | None]:
@@ -1413,27 +1420,27 @@ def _upload_via_native_api(
                 f"flash a build with the option enabled, and then retry {option_string}."
             )
 
-    binary = CORE.firmware_bin
     ota_type = espota2.OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_APP
+    file = getattr(args, "file", None)
     if getattr(args, "partition_table", False):
         # Fail fast if the resolved ESPHome OTA config does not enable allow_partition_access.
         # The device-side handshake also rejects this with "Device only supports app updates",
         # but checking here surfaces the misconfiguration before opening a network connection.
         check_partition_access("--partition-table")
-        binary = CORE.partition_table_bin
+        binary = Path(file) if file is not None else CORE.partition_table_bin
         ota_type = espota2.OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_PARTITION_TABLE
     elif getattr(args, "bootloader", False):
         check_partition_access("--bootloader")
         if (
-            getattr(args, "file", None) is None
+            file is None
             and (native := native_backend())
             and (hint := getattr(native, "missing_image_hint", lambda: None)())
         ):
             raise EsphomeError(hint)
-        binary = CORE.bootloader_bin
+        binary = Path(file) if file is not None else CORE.bootloader_bin
         ota_type = espota2.OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_BOOTLOADER
-    if getattr(args, "file", None) is not None:
-        binary = Path(args.file)
+    else:
+        binary = _app_ota_image(args)
 
     if ota_type == espota2.OTA_TYPE_UPDATE_PARTITION_TABLE:
         _validate_partition_table_binary(binary)
@@ -2131,7 +2138,7 @@ def command_analyze_memory(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int:
     from esphome.analyze_memory.ram_strings import RamStringsAnalyzer
 
     # Refuse an unsupported toolchain before paying for a full compile
-    analysis_toolchain = analysis_backend()
+    analysis_toolchain = native_backend()
     if analysis_toolchain is None and not CORE.using_toolchain_platformio:
         _LOGGER.error(
             "analyze-memory is not supported with the '%s' toolchain on %s; "
@@ -2140,11 +2147,9 @@ def command_analyze_memory(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int:
             CORE.target_platform,
         )
         return 1
-    if (
-        check_supported := getattr(analysis_toolchain, "check_analysis_supported", None)
-    ) is not None:
+    if hasattr(analysis_toolchain, "check_analysis_supported"):
         # Raises with the reason; before the compile, not after it
-        check_supported()
+        analysis_toolchain.check_analysis_supported()
 
     # Always compile to ensure fresh data (fast if no changes - just relinks)
     exit_code = write_cpp(config)

esphome/build_gen/espidf.py

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ from esphome.framework_helpers import (
     get_project_link_flags,
 )
 from esphome.helpers import get_bool_env, mkdir_p, write_file_if_changed
+from esphome.platformio.library import lex_build_flags
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -154,6 +155,47 @@ def has_discovered_components() -> bool:
     return bool(get_available_components())
 
 
+_KEY_WARNED_BUILD_FLAGS = "warned_build_flags"
+
+
+def _lexed_build_flags() -> list[str]:
+    """Shell-lex the build flag entries as the other generators do, so an
+    entry holding several flags is classified flag by flag. Warns once per
+    entry about a flag that native ESP-IDF builds do not pass on."""
+    warned: set[tuple[str, str]] = CORE.data.setdefault(KEY_ESP32, {}).setdefault(
+        _KEY_WARNED_BUILD_FLAGS, set()
+    )
+    flags: list[str] = []
+    for entry in sorted(CORE.build_flags):
+        tokens = lex_build_flags(entry, "esphome build_flags")
+        for token in tokens:
+            if (
+                (token, entry) not in warned
+                and not get_project_compile_flags([token])
+                and not get_project_link_flags([token])
+            ):
+                warned.add((token, entry))
+                _LOGGER.warning(
+                    "Build flag '%s'%s is ignored: native ESP-IDF builds only "
+                    "pass -D, -W and -Wl, flags",
+                    token,
+                    "" if token == entry else f" in '{entry}'",
+                )
+        flags += tokens
+    return flags
+
+
+def _cmake_args(flags: list[str]) -> list[str]:
+    """Quote each flag as a CMake argument so quotes, backslashes and $
+    survive."""
+    return [
+        '"{}"'.format(
+            flag.replace("\\", "\\\\").replace('"', '\\"').replace("$", "\\$")
+        )
+        for flag in flags
+    ]
+
+
 def _cmake_quote(value: str) -> str:
     """Quote a cmake arg value for a set() line. add_cmake_arg rejects
     whitespace, quotes, and '$', so only backslashes need escaping."""
@@ -294,18 +336,24 @@ def get_project_cmakelists(
     # esphome__micro-mp3) rather than just src/. Required so suppressions
     # like ``-Wno-error=maybe-uninitialized`` actually silence warnings in
     # third-party components we don't author.
-    project_compile_opts = get_project_compile_flags()
+    # CMake keeps only the first copy of a repeated option; drop all but the
+    # last copy instead so the last definition wins, as on the command line.
+    project_compile_opts = list(
+        reversed(
+            dict.fromkeys(reversed(get_project_compile_flags(_lexed_build_flags())))
+        )
+    )
     extra_compile_options = "\n".join(
-        f'idf_build_set_property(COMPILE_OPTIONS "{flag}" APPEND)'
-        for flag in project_compile_opts
+        f"idf_build_set_property(COMPILE_OPTIONS {flag} APPEND)"
+        for flag in _cmake_args(project_compile_opts)
     )
 
     # Flags registered via cg.add_cxx_build_flag() go on CXX_COMPILE_OPTIONS
     # (not COMPILE_OPTIONS) because GCC warns when a C++-only flag such as
     # -Wno-volatile is passed on a C compile.
     cxx_compile_options = "\n".join(
-        f'idf_build_set_property(CXX_COMPILE_OPTIONS "{flag}" APPEND)'
-        for flag in get_project_cxx_compile_flags()
+        f"idf_build_set_property(CXX_COMPILE_OPTIONS {flag} APPEND)"
+        for flag in _cmake_args(get_project_cxx_compile_flags())
     )
 
     cpp_standard_options = (
@@ -461,7 +509,7 @@ def get_component_cmakelists() -> str:
     # Extract linker options (-Wl, flags). Compile flags (-D, -W) are
     # emitted project-wide via idf_build_set_property in
     # get_project_cmakelists so they reach every component, not just src/.
-    link_opts = get_project_link_flags()
+    link_opts = _cmake_args(get_project_link_flags(_lexed_build_flags()))
     link_opts_str = "\n    ".join(link_opts) if link_opts else ""
     src_cmake = "\n".join(CORE.data[KEY_ESP32].get(KEY_SRC_CMAKE, []))
 

esphome/build_helpers/idedata.py

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ def _split_command(command: str) -> list[str]:
     CommandLineToArgvW = ctypes.windll.shell32.CommandLineToArgvW
     CommandLineToArgvW.argtypes = [wintypes.LPCWSTR, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_int)]
     CommandLineToArgvW.restype = ctypes.POINTER(wintypes.LPWSTR)
-    argc = ctypes.c_int()
+    argc = ctypes.c_int(0)
     argv = CommandLineToArgvW(command, ctypes.byref(argc))
     if not argv:  # pragma: no cover
         raise ctypes.WinError()
@@ -296,10 +296,10 @@ def load_or_build_idedata(
 ) -> dict | None:
     """Return idedata for a compile_commands.json build, cached on mtime.
 
-    Shared by the native ESP-IDF and ESP8266 Arduino toolchains. Returns None
-    when the compile DB doesn't exist yet (nothing was built). ``launcher``
-    is the compiler-launcher path (ccache) the build was generated with, if
-    any; commands in the compile DB are prefixed with it.
+    Shared by the native toolchains. Returns None when the compile DB
+    doesn't exist yet (nothing was built). ``launcher`` is the
+    compiler-launcher path (ccache) the build was generated with, if any;
+    commands in the compile DB are prefixed with it.
     """
     if not compile_commands.is_file():
         _LOGGER.debug("No %s yet; skipping idedata generation", compile_commands)

esphome/build_helpers/native.py

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ NATIVE_TOOLCHAIN_MODULES = {
     ("esp32", Toolchain.ESP_IDF): "esphome.espidf.toolchain",
     ("esp8266", Toolchain.ARDUINO): "esphome.arduino8266.toolchain",
     ("host", Toolchain.HOST): "esphome.host.toolchain",
+    ("nrf52", Toolchain.SDK_NRF): "esphome.components.nrf52.toolchain",
 }
 
 
@@ -39,24 +40,6 @@ def native_backend() -> ModuleType | None:
     return importlib.import_module(module_path)
 
 
-# Binutils and the linked image for memory analysis, for toolchains that build
-# without PlatformIO but have no native build backend (which supplies them)
-ANALYSIS_TOOLCHAIN_MODULES = {
-    ("nrf52", Toolchain.SDK_NRF): "esphome.components.nrf52.toolchain",
-}
-
-
-def analysis_backend() -> ModuleType | None:
-    """The module giving objdump, readelf and the ELF of a non-PlatformIO build.
-
-    None means PlatformIO's idedata supplies them (or nothing can).
-    """
-    if (native := native_backend()) is not None:
-        return native
-    module_path = ANALYSIS_TOOLCHAIN_MODULES.get((CORE.target_platform, CORE.toolchain))
-    return importlib.import_module(module_path) if module_path else None
-
-
 def warn_ignored_platformio_options(consumed: Collection[str]) -> None:
     """Warn for component-added platformio options a native build drops.
 

esphome/compiled_config.py

@@ -33,9 +33,35 @@ _CACHE_VERSION = 1
 _LAMBDA_KEY = "__esphome_lambda__"
 
 
+_CACHE_SUFFIX = ".validated.json"
+
+
 def compiled_config_path(config_filename: str) -> Path:
     """Path to the cached validated config alongside the storage sidecar."""
-    return CORE.data_dir / "storage" / f"{config_filename}.validated.json"
+    return CORE.data_dir / "storage" / f"{config_filename}{_CACHE_SUFFIX}"
+
+
+def invalidate_compiled_config() -> None:
+    """Drop every cache in the storage dir after a change to a file the
+    mtime check cannot see, such as secrets.yaml or an include; other
+    configurations may share that file."""
+    storage = compiled_config_path(CORE.config_filename).parent
+    try:
+        caches = [p for p in storage.iterdir() if p.name.endswith(_CACHE_SUFFIX)]
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        return
+    except OSError as err:
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"Could not list the validated config caches in {storage}: {err}"
+        ) from err
+    for path in caches:
+        try:
+            path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+        except OSError as err:
+            # A stale cache would present the old key on the next upload
+            raise EsphomeError(
+                f"Could not remove the validated config cache {path}: {err}"
+            ) from err
 
 
 def save_compiled_config(config: ConfigType) -> None:

esphome/components/adafruit_ble/ota/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import logging
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_ON_NUMERIC_COMPARISON_REQUEST
 from esphome.components.nrf52.const import BOOTLOADER_ADAFRUIT
 from esphome.components.ota import (
     BASE_OTA_SCHEMA,
@@ -12,10 +13,7 @@ from esphome.components.ota import (
 )
 from esphome.components.zephyr import zephyr_data
 from esphome.components.zephyr.const import KEY_BOOTLOADER
-from esphome.components.zephyr_ble_server import (
-    CONF_ON_NUMERIC_COMPARISON_REQUEST,
-    DOMAIN as ZEPHYR_BLE_SERVER_DOMAIN,
-)
+from esphome.components.zephyr_ble_server import DOMAIN as ZEPHYR_BLE_SERVER_DOMAIN
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_ON_ERROR, Framework
 from esphome.core import CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority

esphome/components/ade7880/ade7880.cpp

@@ -297,9 +297,7 @@ void ADE7880::init_device_() {
 void ADE7880::reset_device_() {
   if (this->reset_pin_ != nullptr) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Reset device using RESET pin");
-    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(false);
-    delay(1);
-    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(true);
+    pulse_reset(this->reset_pin_, {.low_ms = 1});
   } else {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Reset device using SWRST command");
     this->write_u16_register16_(CONFIG, CONFIG_SWRST);

esphome/components/aic3204/aic3204.cpp

@@ -14,80 +14,80 @@ ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "aic3204");
     return; \
   }
 
+static constexpr i2c::I2CRegValue AIC3204_INIT[] PROGMEM = {
+    // Set register page to 0
+    {AIC3204_PAGE_CTRL, 0x00},
+    // Initiate SW reset (PLL is powered off as part of reset)
+    {AIC3204_SW_RST, 0x01},
+    // *** Program clock settings ***
+    // Default is CODEC_CLKIN is from MCLK pin. Don't need to change this.
+    // MDAC*NDAC*FOSR*48Khz = mClk (24.576 MHz when the XMOS is expecting 48kHz audio)
+    // (See page 51 of https://www.ti.com/lit/ml/slaa557/slaa557.pdf)
+    // We do need MDAC*DOSR/32 >= the resource compute level for the processing block
+    // So here 2*128/32 = 8, which is equal to processing block 1 's resource compute
+    // See page 5 of https://www.ti.com/lit/an/slaa404c/slaa404c.pdf for the workflow
+    // for determining these settings.
+    // Power up NDAC and set to 2
+    {AIC3204_NDAC, 0x82},
+    // Power up MDAC and set to 2
+    {AIC3204_MDAC, 0x82},
+    // Program DOSR = 128
+    {AIC3204_DOSR, 0x80},
+    // Set Audio Interface Config: I2S, 32 bits, DOUT always driving
+    {AIC3204_CODEC_IF, 0x30},
+    // For I2S Firmware only, set SCLK/MFP3 pin as Audio Data In
+    {AIC3204_SCLK_MFP3, 0x02},
+    {AIC3204_AUDIO_IF_4, 0x01},
+    {AIC3204_AUDIO_IF_5, 0x01},
+    // Program the DAC processing block to be used - PRB_P1
+    {AIC3204_DAC_SIG_PROC, 0x01},
+    // *** Select Page 1 ***
+    {AIC3204_PAGE_CTRL, 0x01},
+    // Enable the internal AVDD_LDO:
+    {AIC3204_LDO_CTRL, 0x09},
+    // *** Program Analog Blocks ***
+    // Disable Internal Crude AVdd in presence of external AVdd supply or before powering up internal AVdd LDO
+    {AIC3204_PWR_CFG, 0x08},
+    // Enable Master Analog Power Control
+    {AIC3204_LDO_CTRL, 0x01},
+    // Page 125: Common mode control register, set d6 to 1 to make the full chip common mode = 0.75 v
+    // We are using the internal AVdd regulator with a nominal output of 1.72 V (see LDO_CTRL_REGISTER on page 123)
+    // Page 86 says to only set the common mode voltage to 0.9 v if AVdd >= 1.8... but it isn't on our hardware
+    // We also adjust the HPL and HPR gains to -2dB gian later in this config flow compensate (see page 47)
+    // (All pages refer to the TLV320AIC3204 Application Reference Guide)
+    {AIC3204_CM_CTRL, 0x40},
+    // *** Set PowerTune Modes ***
+    // Set the Left & Right DAC PowerTune mode to PTM_P3/4. Use Class-AB driver.
+    {AIC3204_PLAY_CFG1, 0x00},
+    {AIC3204_PLAY_CFG2, 0x00},
+    // Set the REF charging time to 40ms
+    {AIC3204_REF_STARTUP, 0x01},
+    // HP soft stepping settings for optimal pop performance at power up
+    // Rpop used is 6k with N = 6 and soft step = 20usec. This should work with 47uF coupling
+    // capacitor. Can try N=5,6 or 7 time constants as well. Trade-off delay vs “pop” sound.
+    {AIC3204_HP_START, 0x25},
+    // Route Left DAC to HPL
+    {AIC3204_HPL_ROUTE, 0x08},
+    // Route Right DAC to HPR
+    {AIC3204_HPR_ROUTE, 0x08},
+    // Route Left DAC to LOL
+    {AIC3204_LOL_ROUTE, 0x08},
+    // Route Right DAC to LOR
+    {AIC3204_LOR_ROUTE, 0x08},
+    // Unmute HPL and set gain to -2dB (see comment before configuring the AIC3204_CM_CTRL register)
+    {AIC3204_HPL_GAIN, 0x3e},
+    // Unmute HPR and set gain to -2dB (see comment before configuring the AIC3204_CM_CTRL register)
+    {AIC3204_HPR_GAIN, 0x3e},
+    // Unmute LOL and set gain to 0dB
+    {AIC3204_LOL_DRV_GAIN, 0x00},
+    // Unmute LOR and set gain to 0dB
+    {AIC3204_LOR_DRV_GAIN, 0x00},
+    // Power up HPL and HPR, LOL and LOR drivers
+    {AIC3204_OP_PWR_CTRL, 0x3C},
+};
+
 void AIC3204::setup() {
-  // Set register page to 0
-  ERROR_CHECK(this->write_byte(AIC3204_PAGE_CTRL, 0x00), "Set page 0 failed");
-  // Initiate SW reset (PLL is powered off as part of reset)
-  ERROR_CHECK(this->write_byte(AIC3204_SW_RST, 0x01), "Software reset failed");
-  // *** Program clock settings ***
-  // Default is CODEC_CLKIN is from MCLK pin. Don't need to change this.
-  // MDAC*NDAC*FOSR*48Khz = mClk (24.576 MHz when the XMOS is expecting 48kHz audio)
-  // (See page 51 of https://www.ti.com/lit/ml/slaa557/slaa557.pdf)
-  // We do need MDAC*DOSR/32 >= the resource compute level for the processing block
-  // So here 2*128/32 = 8, which is equal to processing block 1 's resource compute
-  // See page 5 of https://www.ti.com/lit/an/slaa404c/slaa404c.pdf for the workflow
-  // for determining these settings.
-
-  // Power up NDAC and set to 2
-  ERROR_CHECK(this->write_byte(AIC3204_NDAC, 0x82), "Set NDAC failed");
-  // Power up MDAC and set to 2
-  ERROR_CHECK(this->write_byte(AIC3204_MDAC, 0x82), "Set MDAC failed");
-  // Program DOSR = 128
-  ERROR_CHECK(this->write_byte(AIC3204_DOSR, 0x80), "Set DOSR failed");
-  // Set Audio Interface Config: I2S, 32 bits, DOUT always driving
-  ERROR_CHECK(this->write_byte(AIC3204_CODEC_IF, 0x30), "Set CODEC_IF failed");
-  // For I2S Firmware only, set SCLK/MFP3 pin as Audio Data In
-  ERROR_CHECK(this->write_byte(AIC3204_SCLK_MFP3, 0x02), "Set SCLK/MFP3 failed");
-  ERROR_CHECK(this->write_byte(AIC3204_AUDIO_IF_4, 0x01), "Set AUDIO_IF_4 failed");
-  ERROR_CHECK(this->write_byte(AIC3204_AUDIO_IF_5, 0x01), "Set AUDIO_IF_5 failed");
-  // Program the DAC processing block to be used - PRB_P1
-  ERROR_CHECK(this->write_byte(AIC3204_DAC_SIG_PROC, 0x01), "Set DAC_SIG_PROC failed");
-
-  // *** Select Page 1 ***
-  ERROR_CHECK(this->write_byte(AIC3204_PAGE_CTRL, 0x01), "Set page 1 failed");
-  // Enable the internal AVDD_LDO:
-  ERROR_CHECK(this->write_byte(AIC3204_LDO_CTRL, 0x09), "Set LDO_CTRL failed");
-  // *** Program Analog Blocks ***
-  // Disable Internal Crude AVdd in presence of external AVdd supply or before powering up internal AVdd LDO
-  ERROR_CHECK(this->write_byte(AIC3204_PWR_CFG, 0x08), "Set PWR_CFG failed");
-  // Enable Master Analog Power Control
-  ERROR_CHECK(this->write_byte(AIC3204_LDO_CTRL, 0x01), "Set LDO_CTRL failed");
-  // Page 125: Common mode control register, set d6 to 1 to make the full chip common mode = 0.75 v
-  // We are using the internal AVdd regulator with a nominal output of 1.72 V (see LDO_CTRL_REGISTER on page 123)
-  // Page 86 says to only set the common mode voltage to 0.9 v if AVdd >= 1.8... but it isn't on our hardware
-  // We also adjust the HPL and HPR gains to -2dB gian later in this config flow compensate (see page 47)
-  // (All pages refer to the TLV320AIC3204 Application Reference Guide)
-  ERROR_CHECK(this->write_byte(AIC3204_CM_CTRL, 0x40), "Set CM_CTRL failed");
-  // *** Set PowerTune Modes ***
-  // Set the Left & Right DAC PowerTune mode to PTM_P3/4. Use Class-AB driver.
-  ERROR_CHECK(this->write_byte(AIC3204_PLAY_CFG1, 0x00), "Set PLAY_CFG1 failed");
-  ERROR_CHECK(this->write_byte(AIC3204_PLAY_CFG2, 0x00), "Set PLAY_CFG2 failed");
-  // Set the REF charging time to 40ms
-  ERROR_CHECK(this->write_byte(AIC3204_REF_STARTUP, 0x01), "Set REF_STARTUP failed");
-  // HP soft stepping settings for optimal pop performance at power up
-  // Rpop used is 6k with N = 6 and soft step = 20usec. This should work with 47uF coupling
-  // capacitor. Can try N=5,6 or 7 time constants as well. Trade-off delay vs “pop” sound.
-  ERROR_CHECK(this->write_byte(AIC3204_HP_START, 0x25), "Set HP_START failed");
-  // Route Left DAC to HPL
-  ERROR_CHECK(this->write_byte(AIC3204_HPL_ROUTE, 0x08), "Set HPL_ROUTE failed");
-  // Route Right DAC to HPR
-  ERROR_CHECK(this->write_byte(AIC3204_HPR_ROUTE, 0x08), "Set HPR_ROUTE failed");
-  // Route Left DAC to LOL
-  ERROR_CHECK(this->write_byte(AIC3204_LOL_ROUTE, 0x08), "Set LOL_ROUTE failed");
-  // Route Right DAC to LOR
-  ERROR_CHECK(this->write_byte(AIC3204_LOR_ROUTE, 0x08), "Set LOR_ROUTE failed");
-
-  // Unmute HPL and set gain to -2dB (see comment before configuring the AIC3204_CM_CTRL register)
-  ERROR_CHECK(this->write_byte(AIC3204_HPL_GAIN, 0x3e), "Set HPL_GAIN failed");
-  // Unmute HPR and set gain to -2dB (see comment before configuring the AIC3204_CM_CTRL register)
-  ERROR_CHECK(this->write_byte(AIC3204_HPR_GAIN, 0x3e), "Set HPR_GAIN failed");
-  // Unmute LOL and set gain to 0dB
-  ERROR_CHECK(this->write_byte(AIC3204_LOL_DRV_GAIN, 0x00), "Set LOL_DRV_GAIN failed");
-  // Unmute LOR and set gain to 0dB
-  ERROR_CHECK(this->write_byte(AIC3204_LOR_DRV_GAIN, 0x00), "Set LOR_DRV_GAIN failed");
-
-  // Power up HPL and HPR, LOL and LOR drivers
-  ERROR_CHECK(this->write_byte(AIC3204_OP_PWR_CTRL, 0x3C), "Set OP_PWR_CTRL failed");
+  ERROR_CHECK(this->write_registers(AIC3204_INIT), "Failed to initialize");
 
   // Wait for 2.5 sec for soft stepping to take effect before attempting power-up
   this->set_timeout(2500, [this]() {

esphome/components/api/__init__.py

@@ -174,14 +174,10 @@ def _register_provisioning_source(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
 
 CONF_SUPPORTS_RESPONSE = "supports_response"
 
-# Enum values in api::enums namespace
-enums_ns = api_ns.namespace("enums")
-SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_OPTIONS = {
-    "none": enums_ns.SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_NONE,
-    "optional": enums_ns.SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_OPTIONAL,
-    "only": enums_ns.SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_ONLY,
-    "status": enums_ns.SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_STATUS,
-}
+SupportsResponseType = api_ns.namespace("enums").enum("SupportsResponseType")
+SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_OPTIONS = SupportsResponseType.options(
+    "none", "optional", "only", "status", prefix="SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_"
+)
 
 
 def _auto_detect_supports_response(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:

esphome/components/api/user_services.h

@@ -253,8 +253,9 @@ template<typename... Ts> class APIRespondAction final : public Action<Ts...> {
 #endif
 
   void play(const Ts &...x) override {
-    // Extract call_id from first argument - it's always first for optional/only/status modes
-    auto args = std::make_tuple(x...);
+    // Extract call_id from first argument - it's always first for optional/only/status modes.
+    // By reference: array args are non-copyable FixedVector views.
+    auto args = std::forward_as_tuple(x...);
     uint32_t call_id = std::get<0>(args);
 
     bool success = this->success_.value(x...);
@@ -308,7 +309,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class APIUnregisterServiceCallAction final : public Act
 
   void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     // Extract call_id from first argument - same convention as APIRespondAction
-    auto args = std::make_tuple(x...);
+    auto args = std::forward_as_tuple(x...);
     uint32_t call_id = std::get<0>(args);
     if (call_id != 0) {
       this->parent_->unregister_active_action_call(call_id);

esphome/components/as734x/as734x.cpp

@@ -54,7 +54,8 @@ static const char AS7341_NAME[] PROGMEM = "AS7341";
 static constexpr uint8_t AS7341_ADC_SLOTS = 6;
 static constexpr uint8_t AS7341_SMUX_LEN = 20;
 static constexpr uint8_t AS7341_SMUX_STEPS = 2;
-static const RegValue AS7341_INIT[] PROGMEM = {{0x70, 0x00}};  // CONFIG: SPM mode, INT_SEL and LED_SEL cleared
+static constexpr i2c::I2CRegValue AS7341_INIT[] PROGMEM = {
+    {0x70, 0x00}};  // CONFIG: SPM mode, INT_SEL and LED_SEL cleared
 static const uint8_t AS7341_SMUX[] PROGMEM = {
     0x30, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x42, 0x00, 0x00, 0x50, 0x00,  // step 0: F1 to F4, NIR, Clear
     0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x04, 0x00, 0x30, 0x01, 0x50, 0x00, 0x06,  // step 0, continued
@@ -150,8 +151,8 @@ static constexpr uint8_t AS7343_ADC_SLOTS = 18;
 static constexpr uint8_t AS7343_SMUX_LEN = 10;
 static const char TCS3448_NAME[] PROGMEM = "TCS3448";
 // CFG6, FD_CFG0, CFG10, CFG8, CFG20 (auto_smux, 18 channels in 3 cycles), AGC_GAIN_MAX, FD_TIME_1, FD_TIME_2
-static const RegValue AS7343_INIT[] PROGMEM = {{0xF5, 0x00}, {0xDF, 0xA1}, {0x65, 0xF2}, {0xC9, 0xC8},
-                                               {0xD6, 0x62}, {0xD7, 0x99}, {0xE0, 0x64}, {0xE2, 0x21}};
+static constexpr i2c::I2CRegValue AS7343_INIT[] PROGMEM = {{0xF5, 0x00}, {0xDF, 0xA1}, {0x65, 0xF2}, {0xC9, 0xC8},
+                                                           {0xD6, 0x62}, {0xD7, 0x99}, {0xE0, 0x64}, {0xE2, 0x21}};
 static const uint8_t AS7343_SMUX[] PROGMEM = {0x00, 0x04, 0x65, 0x02, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x30,
                                               0x00, 0x00, 0x60, 0x20, 0x04, 0x50, 0x03, 0x00, 0x01, 0x05,
                                               0x05, 0x00, 0x60, 0x00, 0x30, 0x00, 0x40, 0x10, 0x20, 0x00};
@@ -230,7 +231,7 @@ static constexpr ChipInfo as7343_chip(const char *name) {
       .gain_correction = AS7343_GAIN_CORRECTION,
       .contributions = AS7343_CONTRIBUTIONS,
       .tristimulus = AS7343_TRISTIMULUS,
-      .init_count = sizeof(AS7343_INIT) / sizeof(RegValue),
+      .init_count = sizeof(AS7343_INIT) / sizeof(i2c::I2CRegValue),
       .astep_reg = 0xD4,
       .cfg0_reg = 0xBF,
       .cfg1_reg = 0xC6,
@@ -298,9 +299,9 @@ void AS734XComponent::setup() {
     this->mark_failed(LOG_STR("Wrong chip ID"));
     return;
   }
-  const RegValue *init = pgm(chip->init);
+  const i2c::I2CRegValue *init = pgm(chip->init);
   for (uint8_t i = 0, n = pgm(chip->init_count); ok && i < n; i++) {
-    RegValue rv;
+    i2c::I2CRegValue rv;
     progmem_memcpy(&rv, &init[i], sizeof(rv));
     ok = this->select_bank_(rv.reg) && this->write_byte(rv.reg, rv.value);
   }

esphome/components/as734x/as734x.h

@@ -68,15 +68,10 @@ struct ChannelTristimulus {
   float z;
 };
 
-struct RegValue {
-  uint8_t reg;
-  uint8_t value;
-};
-
 /// Per-chip constants, stored in flash. The pointed-to tables are in flash too.
 struct ChipInfo {
   const char *name;
-  const RegValue *init;                      // written in order; the bank is selected per register address
+  const i2c::I2CRegValue *init;              // written in order; the bank is selected per register address
   const uint8_t *smux;                       // AS7341: SMUX RAM image per step; AS7343: the three chain images
   const uint8_t *readout;                    // per step, the ADC slot of each band (0xFF: not read in this step)
   const uint16_t *wavelengths;               // per band, WIDEBAND_NM for clear and ABSENT_NM for a missing band

esphome/components/axs15231/touchscreen/axs15231_touchscreen.cpp

@@ -16,13 +16,7 @@ constexpr static const uint8_t AXS_READ_TOUCHPAD[11] = {0xb5, 0xab, 0xa5, 0x5a,
   }
 
 void AXS15231Touchscreen::setup() {
-  if (this->reset_pin_ != nullptr) {
-    this->reset_pin_->setup();
-    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(false);
-    delay(5);
-    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(true);
-    delay(10);
-  }
+  pulse_reset(this->reset_pin_, {.low_ms = 5, .high_after_ms = 10});
   if (this->interrupt_pin_ != nullptr) {
     this->interrupt_pin_->pin_mode(gpio::FLAG_INPUT);
     this->interrupt_pin_->setup();

esphome/components/bk72xx/__init__.py

@@ -78,3 +78,7 @@ async def pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
 # Called by writer.py; delegates to the shared libretiny implementation.
 def copy_files() -> None:
     libretiny.copy_files()
+
+
+# Called by the OTA upload; the shared libretiny implementation.
+ota_image = libretiny.device_ota_image

esphome/components/ble_client/__init__.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from esphome import automation
 from esphome.automation import maybe_simple_id
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import esp32_ble, esp32_ble_client, esp32_ble_tracker
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_ACCEPT, CONF_ON_NUMERIC_COMPARISON_REQUEST
 from esphome.components.esp32_ble import BTLoggers
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
@@ -101,10 +102,8 @@ BLERemoveBondAction = ble_client_ns.class_(
 )
 
 CONF_PASSKEY = "passkey"
-CONF_ACCEPT = "accept"
 CONF_ON_PASSKEY_REQUEST = "on_passkey_request"
 CONF_ON_PASSKEY_NOTIFICATION = "on_passkey_notification"
-CONF_ON_NUMERIC_COMPARISON_REQUEST = "on_numeric_comparison_request"
 CONF_AUTO_CONNECT = "auto_connect"
 
 MULTI_CONF = True

esphome/components/bme680_bsec/bme680_bsec.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include "bme680_bsec.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
-#include <string>
+#include "esphome/core/progmem.h"
 
 namespace esphome::bme680_bsec {
 #ifdef USE_BSEC
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "bme680_bsec.sensor");
 
 static constexpr uint32_t READ_TIMEOUT_ID = 0;
 
-static const std::string IAQ_ACCURACY_STATES[4] = {"Stabilizing", "Uncertain", "Calibrating", "Calibrated"};
+PROGMEM_STRING_TABLE(IaqAccuracyStrings, "Stabilizing", "Uncertain", "Calibrating", "Calibrated");
 
 std::vector<BME680BSECComponent *>
     BME680BSECComponent::instances;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
@@ -386,10 +386,11 @@ void BME680BSECComponent::publish_(const bsec_output_t *outputs, uint8_t num_out
     switch (outputs[i].sensor_id) {
       case BSEC_OUTPUT_IAQ:
       case BSEC_OUTPUT_STATIC_IAQ: {
-        uint8_t accuracy = std::min<uint8_t>(outputs[i].accuracy, std::size(IAQ_ACCURACY_STATES) - 1);
+        uint8_t accuracy = std::min<uint8_t>(outputs[i].accuracy, IaqAccuracyStrings::LAST_INDEX);
         this->queue_push_([this, signal]() { this->publish_sensor_(this->iaq_sensor_, signal); });
         this->queue_push_([this, accuracy]() {
-          this->publish_sensor_(this->iaq_accuracy_text_sensor_, IAQ_ACCURACY_STATES[accuracy]);
+          this->publish_sensor_(this->iaq_accuracy_text_sensor_,
+                                IaqAccuracyStrings::get_progmem_str(accuracy, IaqAccuracyStrings::LAST_INDEX));
         });
         this->queue_push_([this, accuracy]() { this->publish_sensor_(this->iaq_accuracy_sensor_, accuracy, true); });
 
@@ -435,8 +436,9 @@ void BME680BSECComponent::publish_sensor_(sensor::Sensor *sensor, float value, b
   sensor->publish_state(value);
 }
 
-void BME680BSECComponent::publish_sensor_(text_sensor::TextSensor *sensor, const std::string &value) {
-  if (!sensor || (sensor->has_state() && sensor->state == value)) {
+void BME680BSECComponent::publish_sensor_(text_sensor::TextSensor *sensor, ProgmemStr value) {
+  if (!sensor ||
+      (sensor->has_state() && ESPHOME_strcmp_P(sensor->state.c_str(), reinterpret_cast<ESPHOME_PGM_P>(value)) == 0)) {
     return;
   }
   sensor->publish_state(value);

esphome/components/bme680_bsec/bme680_bsec.h

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ class BME680BSECComponent final : public Component, public i2c::I2CDevice {
   int64_t get_time_ns_();
 
   void publish_sensor_(sensor::Sensor *sensor, float value, bool change_only = false);
-  void publish_sensor_(text_sensor::TextSensor *sensor, const std::string &value);
+  void publish_sensor_(text_sensor::TextSensor *sensor, ProgmemStr value);
 
   void snapshot_state_();  // Fetch the current BSEC library state and save it in the bsec_state_data_ member (volatile
                            // memory)

esphome/components/cc1101/cc1101.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #include "cc1101pa.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/progmem.h"
 #include <cmath>
 #include <cstring>
 
@@ -14,6 +15,9 @@ namespace esphome::cc1101 {
 ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "cc1101");
 static constexpr size_t TX_FIFO_SIZE = 64;
 
+// MDMCFG2 MOD_FORMAT values
+PROGMEM_STRING_TABLE(ModulationStrings, "2-FSK", "GFSK", "UNUSED", "ASK/OOK", "4-FSK", "UNUSED", "UNUSED", "MSK");
+
 static void split_float(float value, int mbits, uint8_t &e, uint32_t &m) {
   int e_tmp;
   float m_tmp = std::frexp(value, &e_tmp);
@@ -238,8 +242,6 @@ void CC1101Component::loop() {
 }
 
 void CC1101Component::dump_config() {
-  static const char *const MODULATION_NAMES[] = {"2-FSK", "GFSK",   "UNUSED", "ASK/OOK",
-                                                 "4-FSK", "UNUSED", "UNUSED", "MSK"};
   int32_t freq = static_cast<int32_t>(this->state_.FREQ2 << 16 | this->state_.FREQ1 << 8 | this->state_.FREQ0) *
                  XTAL_FREQUENCY / (1 << 16);
   float symbol_rate = (((256.0f + this->state_.DRATE_M) * (1 << this->state_.DRATE_E)) / (1 << 28)) * XTAL_FREQUENCY;
@@ -253,8 +255,9 @@ void CC1101Component::dump_config() {
                 "  Symbol Rate: %.0f baud\n"
                 "  Filter Bandwidth: %.1f Hz\n"
                 "  Output Power: %.1f dBm",
-                this->chip_id_, freq, this->state_.CHANNR, MODULATION_NAMES[this->state_.MOD_FORMAT & 0x07],
-                symbol_rate, bw, this->output_power_effective_);
+                this->chip_id_, freq, this->state_.CHANNR,
+                LOG_STR_ARG(ModulationStrings::get_log_str(this->state_.MOD_FORMAT & 0x07, 0)), symbol_rate, bw,
+                this->output_power_effective_);
   LOG_PIN("  CS Pin: ", this->cs_);
 }
 

esphome/components/const/__init__.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ BYTE_ORDER_BIG = "big_endian"
 
 CONF_ACCELEROMETER_ODR = "accelerometer_odr"
 CONF_ACCELEROMETER_RANGE = "accelerometer_range"
+CONF_ACCEPT = "accept"
 CONF_ADC_AVERAGING = "adc_averaging"
 CONF_ADC_TIME = "adc_time"
 CONF_ALLOWED_IPS = "allowed_ips"
@@ -58,6 +59,7 @@ CONF_MAX_PACKET_SIZE = "max_packet_size"
 CONF_MODEM = "modem"
 CONF_MODULATION = "modulation"
 CONF_NOX_INDEX = "nox_index"
+CONF_ON_NUMERIC_COMPARISON_REQUEST = "on_numeric_comparison_request"
 CONF_ON_PACKET = "on_packet"
 CONF_ON_RECEIVE = "on_receive"
 CONF_ON_SCAN_END = "on_scan_end"

esphome/components/copy/cover/copy_cover.cpp

@@ -45,9 +45,8 @@ void CopyCover::control(const cover::CoverCall &call) {
   auto position = call.get_position();
   if (position.has_value())
     call2.set_position(*position);
-  auto tilt2 = call.get_tilt();
-  if (tilt2.has_value())
-    call2.set_tilt(*tilt2);
+  if (call.get_toggle().has_value())
+    call2.set_command_toggle();
   call2.perform();
 }
 

esphome/components/copy/lock/copy_lock.cpp

@@ -21,4 +21,6 @@ void CopyLock::control(const lock::LockCall &call) {
   call2.perform();
 }
 
+void CopyLock::open_latch() { this->source_->open(); }
+
 }  // namespace esphome::copy

esphome/components/copy/lock/copy_lock.h

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ class CopyLock final : public lock::Lock, public Component {
 
  protected:
   void control(const lock::LockCall &call) override;
+  void open_latch() override;
 
   lock::Lock *source_;
 };

esphome/components/cst226/touchscreen/cst226_touchscreen.cpp

@@ -6,12 +6,7 @@ ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "cst226.touchscreen");
 
 void CST226Touchscreen::setup() {
   if (this->reset_pin_ != nullptr) {
-    this->reset_pin_->setup();
-    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(true);
-    delay(5);
-    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(false);
-    delay(5);
-    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(true);
+    pulse_reset(this->reset_pin_, {.high_before_ms = 5, .low_ms = 5});
     this->set_timeout(30, [this] { this->continue_setup_(); });
   } else {
     this->continue_setup_();

esphome/components/cst328/touchscreen/cst328_touchscreen.cpp

@@ -43,9 +43,7 @@ void CST328Touchscreen::setup() {
 }
 
 void CST328Touchscreen::reset_device_() {
-  this->reset_pin_->digital_write(false);
-  delay(5);
-  this->reset_pin_->digital_write(true);
+  pulse_reset(this->reset_pin_, {.low_ms = 5});
   this->set_timeout(CST328_TRANSITION_TIMEOUT, [this] { this->continue_setup_(); });
 }
 

esphome/components/cst816/touchscreen/cst816_touchscreen.cpp

@@ -52,12 +52,7 @@ void CST816Touchscreen::continue_setup_() {
 
 void CST816Touchscreen::setup() {
   if (this->reset_pin_ != nullptr) {
-    this->reset_pin_->setup();
-    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(true);
-    delay(5);
-    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(false);
-    delay(5);
-    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(true);
+    pulse_reset(this->reset_pin_, {.high_before_ms = 5, .low_ms = 5});
     this->set_timeout(30, [this] { this->continue_setup_(); });
   } else {
     this->continue_setup_();

esphome/components/cst9220/touchscreen/cst9220_touchscreen.cpp

@@ -10,14 +10,7 @@ static constexpr uint32_t REREAD_TIMEOUT_ID = 1;
 static constexpr uint32_t REREAD_DELAY_MS = 20;
 
 void CST9220Touchscreen::setup() {
-  if (this->reset_pin_ != nullptr) {
-    this->reset_pin_->setup();
-    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(true);
-    delay(5);
-    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(false);
-    delay(10);
-    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(true);
-  }
+  pulse_reset(this->reset_pin_, {.high_before_ms = 5, .low_ms = 10});
   // Wait for the controller to leave its bootloader before talking to it.
   this->set_timeout(30, [this] { this->continue_setup_(); });
 }

esphome/components/demo/demo_cover.h

@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ class DemoCover final : public cover::Cover, public Component {
     }
     if (call.get_stop()) {
       this->cancel_timeout(MOVE_TIMEOUT_ID);
+      this->current_operation = cover::COVER_OPERATION_IDLE;
     }
 
     this->publish_state();

esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/__init__.py

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    cg.add_define("USE_LINE_READER")
     await uart.new_uart_component(config)
 
 

esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/dfrobot_sen0395.cpp

@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@
 namespace esphome::dfrobot_sen0395 {
 
 ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "dfrobot_sen0395");
-static constexpr char ASCII_CR = 0x0D;
-static constexpr char ASCII_LF = 0x0A;
 static constexpr float DET_RANGE_STEP_M = 0.15f;
 static constexpr float LATENCY_STEP_S = 0.025f;
+// Sent after a reset with no line end
+static constexpr char PROMPT[] PROGMEM = "leapMMW:/>";
 
 // What each CommandType cannot do while the sensor runs; empty for commands that do not need it stopped
 PROGMEM_STRING_TABLE(BusyActions, "", "configure range config", "configure output latency",
@@ -121,9 +121,9 @@ bool DfrobotSen0395Component::run_command_(const Command &cmd, uint32_t now) {
     return false;  // Command not done yet
   }
 
-  if (this->read_message_()) {
-    if (ESPHOME_strstr_P(this->read_buffer_, ESPHOME_PSTR("is not recognized as a CLI command")) == nullptr) {
-      if (!this->handle_reply_(cmd))
+  if (const char *message = this->read_message_()) {
+    if (ESPHOME_strstr_P(message, ESPHOME_PSTR("is not recognized as a CLI command")) == nullptr) {
+      if (!this->handle_reply_(cmd, message))
         return false;         // Command not done yet
       this->read_message_();  // Skip the prompt
       return true;
@@ -146,12 +146,13 @@ bool DfrobotSen0395Component::run_command_(const Command &cmd, uint32_t now) {
 }
 
 void DfrobotSen0395Component::read_state_() {
-  if (!this->read_message_())
+  const char *message = this->read_message_();
+  if (message == nullptr)
     return;
-  if (ESPHOME_strstr_P(this->read_buffer_, ESPHOME_PSTR("$JYBSS,0, , , *")) != nullptr) {
+  if (ESPHOME_strstr_P(message, ESPHOME_PSTR("$JYBSS,0, , , *")) != nullptr) {
     this->set_detected_(false);
     this->set_active(true);
-  } else if (ESPHOME_strstr_P(this->read_buffer_, ESPHOME_PSTR("$JYBSS,1, , , *")) != nullptr) {
+  } else if (ESPHOME_strstr_P(message, ESPHOME_PSTR("$JYBSS,1, , , *")) != nullptr) {
     this->set_detected_(true);
     this->set_active(true);
   }
@@ -206,8 +207,7 @@ void DfrobotSen0395Component::format_command(const Command &cmd, char *buf, size
   }
 }
 
-bool DfrobotSen0395Component::handle_reply_(const Command &cmd) {
-  const char *message = this->read_buffer_;
+bool DfrobotSen0395Component::handle_reply_(const Command &cmd, const char *message) {
   auto is = [message](ESPHOME_PGM_P text) { return ESPHOME_strcmp_P(message, text) == 0; };
 
   // Commands with their own replies
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ bool DfrobotSen0395Component::handle_reply_(const Command &cmd) {
       }
       return true;
     case CommandType::COMMAND_TYPE_RESET_SYSTEM:
-      if (!is(ESPHOME_PSTR("leapMMW:/>")))
+      if (!is(PROMPT))
         return false;
       ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Restarted sensor.");
       return true;
@@ -300,34 +300,24 @@ bool DfrobotSen0395Component::handle_reply_(const Command &cmd) {
   return true;
 }
 
-bool DfrobotSen0395Component::read_message_() {
+const char *DfrobotSen0395Component::read_message_() {
   while (this->available()) {
     uint8_t byte;
     this->read_byte(&byte);
-
-    if (this->read_pos_ == MMWAVE_READ_BUFFER_LENGTH)
-      this->read_pos_ = 0;
-
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Buffer pos: %u %d", this->read_pos_, byte);
-
-    if (byte == ASCII_CR)
-      continue;
     if (byte >= 0x7F)
       byte = '?';  // needs to be valid utf8 string for log functions.
-    this->read_buffer_[this->read_pos_] = byte;
-
-    if (this->read_pos_ == 9 && byte == '>')
-      this->read_buffer_[++this->read_pos_] = ASCII_LF;
-
-    if (this->read_buffer_[this->read_pos_] == ASCII_LF) {
-      this->read_buffer_[this->read_pos_] = 0;
-      this->read_pos_ = 0;
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Message: %s", this->read_buffer_);
-      return true;  // Full message in buffer
+    const char *line = this->line_reader_.feed(byte);
+    if (line == nullptr && byte == '>' && this->line_reader_.length() == sizeof(PROMPT) - 1) {
+      line = this->line_reader_.partial();
+      this->line_reader_.reset();
     }
-    this->read_pos_++;
+    if (line != nullptr) {
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Message: %s", line);
+      return line;
+    }
+    this->line_reader_.log_if_overflowed(TAG);
   }
-  return false;  // No full message yet
+  return nullptr;
 }
 
 void DfrobotSen0395Component::set_detected_(bool detected) {

esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/dfrobot_sen0395.h

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/line_reader.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
 #include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::dfrobot_sen0395 {
 
-static constexpr uint8_t MMWAVE_READ_BUFFER_LENGTH = 255;
+static constexpr uint8_t MMWAVE_READ_BUFFER_LENGTH = 253;  // largest LineReader size with a one byte position
 static constexpr uint8_t COMMAND_QUEUE_SIZE = 20;
 
 // Keep in sync with the BusyActions table in dfrobot_sen0395.cpp
@@ -121,8 +122,7 @@ class DfrobotSen0395Component final : public uart::UARTDevice, public Component
   bool led_active_{false};
   bool uart_presence_active_{false};
   bool start_after_boot_{false};
-  char read_buffer_[MMWAVE_READ_BUFFER_LENGTH];
-  size_t read_pos_{0};
+  LineReader<MMWAVE_READ_BUFFER_LENGTH> line_reader_;
   bool cmd_sent_{false};
   uint8_t retries_left_{2};
   StaticRingBuffer<Command, COMMAND_QUEUE_SIZE> cmd_queue_;
@@ -131,12 +131,13 @@ class DfrobotSen0395Component final : public uart::UARTDevice, public Component
   int16_t det_range_steps_[8]{};
   uint16_t latency_steps_[2]{};
 
-  bool read_message_();
+  /// The next complete line, valid until the next call, or nullptr
+  const char *read_message_();
   void read_state_();
   /// Run the command at the front of the queue; true when it is done
   bool run_command_(const Command &cmd, uint32_t now);
   /// Handle a reply to a sent command; true when the command is done
-  bool handle_reply_(const Command &cmd);
+  bool handle_reply_(const Command &cmd, const char *message);
 
   void set_detected_(bool detected);
 };

esphome/components/display/__init__.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from dataclasses import dataclass
+import logging
 from typing import Any, Protocol
 
 from esphome import automation, core, pins
@@ -34,6 +35,8 @@ from esphome.types import ConfigType
 DOMAIN = "display"
 IS_PLATFORM_COMPONENT = True
 
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 display_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("display")
 Display = display_ns.class_("Display", cg.PollingComponent)
 DisplayBuffer = display_ns.class_("DisplayBuffer", Display)
@@ -102,13 +105,21 @@ BASIC_DISPLAY_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("1s"))
 
 
-def _validate_test_card(config):
+def _validate_test_card(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if (
         config.get(CONF_SHOW_TEST_CARD, False)
-        and config.get(CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL, False) == SCHEDULER_DONT_RUN
+        and (update_interval := config.get(CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL)) is not None
+        and update_interval.total_milliseconds == SCHEDULER_DONT_RUN
     ):
-        raise cv.Invalid(
-            f"`{CONF_SHOW_TEST_CARD}: True` cannot be used with `{CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL}: never` because this combination will not show a test_card."
+        # Only a warning: something else can still update the display, for example
+        # component.update, and the test card is drawn then.
+        display_id = config.get(CONF_ID)
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "%s`%s: True` is used with `%s: never`, so the test card is only drawn "
+            "when something updates the display (for example component.update)",
+            f"{display_id.id}: " if display_id is not None and display_id.id else "",
+            CONF_SHOW_TEST_CARD,
+            CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL,
         )
     return config
 

esphome/components/dlms_meter/__init__.py

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ CONF_CUSTOM_PATTERNS = "custom_patterns"
 CONF_SKIP_CRC = "skip_crc"
 CONF_DEFAULT_OBIS = "default_obis"
 
-DLMS_PARSER_VERSION = "2.2.0"
+DLMS_PARSER_VERSION = "2.2.2"
 
 dlms_meter_component_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("dlms_meter")
 DlmsMeterComponent = dlms_meter_component_ns.class_(

esphome/components/ds248x/ds248x_one_wire_bus.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "ds248x_one_wire_bus.h"
 #include "ds248x.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome::ds248x {
@@ -151,11 +152,7 @@ uint64_t DS248xOneWireBus::search_int() {
     }
 
     // Update address based on direction taken
-    if (dir_taken) {
-      address |= bit_mask;
-    } else {
-      address &= ~bit_mask;
-    }
+    assign_bits(address, bit_mask, dir_taken);
   }
 
   // Search successful

esphome/components/e131/__init__.py

@@ -18,13 +18,11 @@ E131AddressableLightEffect = e131_ns.class_(
 )
 E131Component = e131_ns.class_("E131Component", cg.Component)
 
-METHODS = {"UNICAST": e131_ns.E131_UNICAST, "MULTICAST": e131_ns.E131_MULTICAST}
+E131ListenMethod = e131_ns.enum("E131ListenMethod")
+METHODS = E131ListenMethod.options("UNICAST", "MULTICAST", prefix="E131_")
 
-CHANNELS = {
-    "MONO": e131_ns.E131_MONO,
-    "RGB": e131_ns.E131_RGB,
-    "RGBW": e131_ns.E131_RGBW,
-}
+E131LightChannels = e131_ns.enum("E131LightChannels")
+CHANNELS = E131LightChannels.options("MONO", "RGB", "RGBW", prefix="E131_")
 
 CONF_UNIVERSE = "universe"
 CONF_E131_ID = "e131_id"

esphome/components/ektf2232/touchscreen/ektf2232.cpp

@@ -20,9 +20,7 @@ void EKTF2232Touchscreen::setup() {
 
   this->attach_interrupt_(this->interrupt_pin_, gpio::INTERRUPT_FALLING_EDGE);
 
-  this->reset_pin_->setup();
-
-  this->hard_reset_();
+  pulse_reset(this->reset_pin_, {.low_ms = 15, .high_after_ms = 15});
   if (!this->soft_reset_()) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to soft reset EKT2232!");
     this->interrupt_pin_->detach_interrupt();
@@ -96,13 +94,6 @@ bool EKTF2232Touchscreen::get_power_state() {
   return (received[1] >> 3) & 1;
 }
 
-void EKTF2232Touchscreen::hard_reset_() {
-  this->reset_pin_->digital_write(false);
-  delay(15);
-  this->reset_pin_->digital_write(true);
-  delay(15);
-}
-
 bool EKTF2232Touchscreen::soft_reset_() {
   auto err = this->write(SOFT_RESET_CMD, 4);
   if (err != i2c::ERROR_OK)

esphome/components/ektf2232/touchscreen/ektf2232.h

@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ class EKTF2232Touchscreen final : public Touchscreen, public i2c::I2CDevice {
   bool get_power_state();
 
  protected:
-  void hard_reset_();
   bool soft_reset_();
   void update_touches() override;
 

esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi.cpp

@@ -4,21 +4,18 @@
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/progmem.h"
 
 namespace esphome::epaper_spi {
 
 ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "epaper_spi");
 static constexpr size_t EPAPER_MAX_CMD_LOG_BYTES = 128;
 
-static constexpr const char *const EPAPER_STATE_STRINGS[] = {
-    "IDLE",          "UPDATE",   "RESET",          "RESET_END", "SHOULD_WAIT", "INITIALISE",
-    "TRANSFER_DATA", "POWER_ON", "REFRESH_SCREEN", "POWER_OFF", "DEEP_SLEEP",
-};
+PROGMEM_STRING_TABLE(EPaperStateStrings, "IDLE", "UPDATE", "RESET", "RESET_END", "SHOULD_WAIT", "INITIALISE",
+                     "TRANSFER_DATA", "POWER_ON", "REFRESH_SCREEN", "POWER_OFF", "DEEP_SLEEP", "Unknown");
 
-const char *EPaperBase::epaper_state_to_string_() {
-  if (auto idx = static_cast<unsigned>(this->state_); idx < std::size(EPAPER_STATE_STRINGS))
-    return EPAPER_STATE_STRINGS[idx];
-  return "Unknown";
+const LogString *EPaperBase::epaper_state_to_string_() {
+  return EPaperStateStrings::get_log_str(static_cast<uint8_t>(this->state_), EPaperStateStrings::LAST_INDEX);
 }
 
 void EPaperBase::setup() {
@@ -159,7 +156,7 @@ void EPaperBase::update_effective_transform_() {
 
 void EPaperBase::update() {
   if (this->state_ != EPaperState::IDLE) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Display already in state %s", epaper_state_to_string_());
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Display already in state %s", LOG_STR_ARG(epaper_state_to_string_()));
     return;
   }
   this->set_state_(EPaperState::UPDATE);
@@ -212,7 +209,7 @@ void EPaperBase::loop() {
         this->high_frequency_loop_.stop();
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
       if (now - this->waiting_for_idle_last_print_ >= 1000) {
-        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Waiting for idle in state %s", this->epaper_state_to_string_());
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Waiting for idle in state %s", LOG_STR_ARG(this->epaper_state_to_string_()));
         this->waiting_for_idle_last_print_ = millis();
       }
 #endif
@@ -227,7 +224,7 @@ void EPaperBase::loop() {
 // The busy pin never cleared: give up on this update so later ones are not refused, and make the next one full
 void EPaperBase::abandon_update_() {
   ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Display stayed busy for %u s in state %s; check the busy pin", (unsigned) this->busy_timeout_seconds_,
-           this->epaper_state_to_string_());
+           LOG_STR_ARG(this->epaper_state_to_string_()));
   this->status_set_warning(LOG_STR("Busy pin timeout"));
   if (this->state_ == EPaperState::TRANSFER_DATA)
     this->abort_transfer();
@@ -247,10 +244,10 @@ void EPaperBase::abandon_update_() {
  * Should a subclassed class need to override this, the method will need to be made virtual.
  */
 void EPaperBase::process_state_() {
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Process state entered in state %s", epaper_state_to_string_());
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Process state entered in state %s", LOG_STR_ARG(epaper_state_to_string_()));
   switch (this->state_) {
     default:
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Display is in unhandled state %s", epaper_state_to_string_());
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Display is in unhandled state %s", LOG_STR_ARG(epaper_state_to_string_()));
       this->set_state_(EPaperState::IDLE);
       break;
     case EPaperState::IDLE:
@@ -342,7 +339,7 @@ void EPaperBase::process_state_() {
 }
 
 void EPaperBase::set_state_(EPaperState state, uint16_t delay) {
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Exit state %s", this->epaper_state_to_string_());
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Exit state %s", LOG_STR_ARG(this->epaper_state_to_string_()));
   this->state_ = state;
   // allow subclasses to nominate delays
   if (delay == 0)
@@ -350,7 +347,7 @@ void EPaperBase::set_state_(EPaperState state, uint16_t delay) {
   this->next_delay_ = 0;
   this->delay_until_ = millis() + delay;
   this->wait_for_idle_(state > EPaperState::SHOULD_WAIT);
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Enter state %s, delay %u, wait_for_idle=%s", this->epaper_state_to_string_(), delay,
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Enter state %s, delay %u, wait_for_idle=%s", LOG_STR_ARG(this->epaper_state_to_string_()), delay,
            TRUEFALSE(this->waiting_for_idle_));
   // Each step of an update otherwise waits for the next loop iteration; loop() slows down again for long waits
   if (state == EPaperState::IDLE) {

esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi.h

@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ class EPaperBase : public Display,
   bool is_using_partial_update_() const { return this->full_update_every_ > 1; }
   void process_state_();
 
-  const char *epaper_state_to_string_();
+  const LogString *epaper_state_to_string_();
   bool is_idle_() const;
   void setup_pins_() const;
   virtual bool reset();

esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_jd79660.cpp

@@ -72,9 +72,7 @@ bool EPaperJD79660::reset() {
 
       // As commented on SLEEP_MS_RESET1: Reset pulse must happen within time window.
       // So do not use FSM loop, and avoid other calls/logs during pulse below.
-      this->reset_pin_->digital_write(false);
-      delay(SLEEP_MS_RESET1);
-      this->reset_pin_->digital_write(true);
+      pulse_reset(this->reset_pin_, {.low_ms = SLEEP_MS_RESET1});
 
       this->reset_duration_ = SLEEP_MS_RESET2;
       this->step_ = FSMState::RESET_STEP2_IDLECHECK;

esphome/components/es7210/es7210.cpp

@@ -33,53 +33,59 @@ void ES7210::dump_config() {
                 this->channel_gains_[2], this->channel_gains_[3]);
 }
 
+static constexpr i2c::I2CRegValue ES7210_RESET[] PROGMEM = {
+    // Software reset
+    {ES7210_RESET_REG00, 0xff},
+    {ES7210_RESET_REG00, 0x32},
+    {ES7210_CLOCK_OFF_REG01, 0x3f},
+    // Set initialization time when device powers up
+    {ES7210_TIME_CONTROL0_REG09, 0x30},
+    {ES7210_TIME_CONTROL1_REG0A, 0x30},
+    // Configure HFP for all ADC channels
+    {ES7210_ADC12_HPF2_REG23, 0x2a},
+    {ES7210_ADC12_HPF1_REG22, 0x0a},
+    {ES7210_ADC34_HPF2_REG20, 0x0a},
+    {ES7210_ADC34_HPF1_REG21, 0x2a},
+};
+
+static constexpr i2c::I2CRegValue ES7210_ANALOG[] PROGMEM = {
+    // Configure analog power
+    {ES7210_ANALOG_REG40, 0xC3},
+    // Set mic bias
+    {ES7210_MIC12_BIAS_REG41, 0x70},
+    {ES7210_MIC34_BIAS_REG42, 0x70},
+};
+
+static constexpr i2c::I2CRegValue ES7210_POWER_ON[] PROGMEM = {
+    // Power on mics 1 through 4
+    {ES7210_MIC1_POWER_REG47, 0x08},
+    {ES7210_MIC2_POWER_REG48, 0x08},
+    {ES7210_MIC3_POWER_REG49, 0x08},
+    {ES7210_MIC4_POWER_REG4A, 0x08},
+    // Power down DLL
+    {ES7210_POWER_DOWN_REG06, 0x04},
+    // Power on MIC1-4 bias & ADC1-4 & PGA1-4 Power
+    {ES7210_MIC12_POWER_REG4B, 0x0F},
+    {ES7210_MIC34_POWER_REG4C, 0x0F},
+    // Enable device
+    {ES7210_RESET_REG00, 0x71},
+    {ES7210_RESET_REG00, 0x41},
+};
+
 void ES7210::setup() {
-  // Software reset
-  ES7210_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7210_RESET_REG00, 0xff));
-  ES7210_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7210_RESET_REG00, 0x32));
-  ES7210_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7210_CLOCK_OFF_REG01, 0x3f));
-
-  // Set initialization time when device powers up
-  ES7210_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7210_TIME_CONTROL0_REG09, 0x30));
-  ES7210_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7210_TIME_CONTROL1_REG0A, 0x30));
-
-  // Configure HFP for all ADC channels
-  ES7210_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7210_ADC12_HPF2_REG23, 0x2a));
-  ES7210_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7210_ADC12_HPF1_REG22, 0x0a));
-  ES7210_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7210_ADC34_HPF2_REG20, 0x0a));
-  ES7210_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7210_ADC34_HPF1_REG21, 0x2a));
+  ES7210_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_registers(ES7210_RESET));
 
   // Secondary I2S mode settings
   ES7210_ERROR_FAILED(this->update_register(ES7210_MODE_CONFIG_REG08, 0x01, 0x00));
 
-  // Configure analog power
-  ES7210_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7210_ANALOG_REG40, 0xC3));
-
-  // Set mic bias
-  ES7210_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7210_MIC12_BIAS_REG41, 0x70));
-  ES7210_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7210_MIC34_BIAS_REG42, 0x70));
+  ES7210_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_registers(ES7210_ANALOG));
 
   // Configure I2S settings, sample rate, and microphone gains
   ES7210_ERROR_FAILED(this->configure_i2s_format_());
   ES7210_ERROR_FAILED(this->configure_sample_rate_());
   ES7210_ERROR_FAILED(this->configure_mic_gain_());
 
-  // Power on mics 1 through 4
-  ES7210_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7210_MIC1_POWER_REG47, 0x08));
-  ES7210_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7210_MIC2_POWER_REG48, 0x08));
-  ES7210_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7210_MIC3_POWER_REG49, 0x08));
-  ES7210_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7210_MIC4_POWER_REG4A, 0x08));
-
-  // Power down DLL
-  ES7210_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7210_POWER_DOWN_REG06, 0x04));
-
-  // Power on MIC1-4 bias & ADC1-4 & PGA1-4 Power
-  ES7210_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7210_MIC12_POWER_REG4B, 0x0F));
-  ES7210_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7210_MIC34_POWER_REG4C, 0x0F));
-
-  // Enable device
-  ES7210_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7210_RESET_REG00, 0x71));
-  ES7210_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7210_RESET_REG00, 0x41));
+  ES7210_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_registers(ES7210_POWER_ON));
 
   this->setup_complete_ = true;
 }

esphome/components/es7243e/es7243e.cpp

@@ -25,56 +25,62 @@ ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "es7243e");
 
 void ES7243E::dump_config() { ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "ES7243E audio ADC:"); }
 
+// clang-format off
+static constexpr i2c::I2CRegValue ES7243E_INIT[] PROGMEM = {
+    {ES7243E_CLOCK_MGR_REG01, 0x3A},
+    {ES7243E_RESET_REG00, 0x80},
+    {ES7243E_TEST_MODE_REGF9, 0x00},
+    {ES7243E_CLOCK_MGR_REG04, 0x02},
+    {ES7243E_CLOCK_MGR_REG04, 0x01},
+    {ES7243E_TEST_MODE_REGF9, 0x01},
+    {ES7243E_RESET_REG00, 0x1E},
+    {ES7243E_CLOCK_MGR_REG01, 0x00},
+    {ES7243E_CLOCK_MGR_REG02, 0x00},
+    {ES7243E_CLOCK_MGR_REG03, 0x20},
+    {ES7243E_CLOCK_MGR_REG04, 0x01},
+    {ES7243E_ADC_CTRL_REG0D, 0x00},
+    {ES7243E_CLOCK_MGR_REG05, 0x00},
+    {ES7243E_CLOCK_MGR_REG06, 0x03},  // SCLK=MCLK/4
+    {ES7243E_CLOCK_MGR_REG07, 0x00},  // LRCK=MCLK/256
+    {ES7243E_CLOCK_MGR_REG08, 0xFF},  // LRCK=MCLK/256
+    {ES7243E_CLOCK_MGR_REG09, 0xCA},
+    {ES7243E_SDP_REG0A, 0x85},
+    {ES7243E_SDP_REG0B, 0x00},
+    {ES7243E_ADC_CTRL_REG0E, 0xBF},
+    {ES7243E_ADC_CTRL_REG0F, 0x80},
+    {ES7243E_ADC_CTRL_REG14, 0x0C},
+    {ES7243E_ADC_CTRL_REG15, 0x0C},
+    {ES7243E_ANALOG_REG17, 0x02},
+    {ES7243E_ANALOG_REG18, 0x26},
+    {ES7243E_ANALOG_REG19, 0x77},
+    {ES7243E_ANALOG_REG1A, 0xF4},
+    {ES7243E_ANALOG_REG1B, 0x66},
+    {ES7243E_ANALOG_REG1C, 0x44},
+    {ES7243E_ANALOG_REG1E, 0x00},
+    {ES7243E_ANALOG_REG1F, 0x0C},
+    {ES7243E_ANALOG_REG20, 0x1A},  // PGA gain +30dB
+    {ES7243E_ANALOG_REG21, 0x1A},
+    {ES7243E_RESET_REG00, 0x80},
+    {ES7243E_CLOCK_MGR_REG01, 0x3A},
+    {ES7243E_ANALOG_REG16, 0x3F},
+    {ES7243E_ANALOG_REG16, 0x00},
+    {ES7243E_TEST_MODE_REGF9, 0x00},
+    {ES7243E_CLOCK_MGR_REG04, 0x01},
+    {ES7243E_ANALOG_REG17, 0x01},
+};
+// clang-format on
+
+static constexpr i2c::I2CRegValue ES7243E_START[] PROGMEM = {
+    {ES7243E_RESET_REG00, 0x80},
+    {ES7243E_CLOCK_MGR_REG01, 0x3A},
+    {ES7243E_ANALOG_REG16, 0x3F},
+    {ES7243E_ANALOG_REG16, 0x00},
+};
+
 void ES7243E::setup() {
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_CLOCK_MGR_REG01, 0x3A));
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_RESET_REG00, 0x80));
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_TEST_MODE_REGF9, 0x00));
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_CLOCK_MGR_REG04, 0x02));
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_CLOCK_MGR_REG04, 0x01));
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_TEST_MODE_REGF9, 0x01));
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_RESET_REG00, 0x1E));
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_CLOCK_MGR_REG01, 0x00));
-
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_CLOCK_MGR_REG02, 0x00));
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_CLOCK_MGR_REG03, 0x20));
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_CLOCK_MGR_REG04, 0x01));
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_ADC_CTRL_REG0D, 0x00));
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_CLOCK_MGR_REG05, 0x00));
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_CLOCK_MGR_REG06, 0x03));  // SCLK=MCLK/4
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_CLOCK_MGR_REG07, 0x00));  // LRCK=MCLK/256
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_CLOCK_MGR_REG08, 0xFF));  // LRCK=MCLK/256
-
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_CLOCK_MGR_REG09, 0xCA));
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_SDP_REG0A, 0x85));
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_SDP_REG0B, 0x00));
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_ADC_CTRL_REG0E, 0xBF));
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_ADC_CTRL_REG0F, 0x80));
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_ADC_CTRL_REG14, 0x0C));
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_ADC_CTRL_REG15, 0x0C));
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_ANALOG_REG17, 0x02));
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_ANALOG_REG18, 0x26));
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_ANALOG_REG19, 0x77));
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_ANALOG_REG1A, 0xF4));
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_ANALOG_REG1B, 0x66));
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_ANALOG_REG1C, 0x44));
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_ANALOG_REG1E, 0x00));
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_ANALOG_REG1F, 0x0C));
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_ANALOG_REG20, 0x1A));  // PGA gain +30dB
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_ANALOG_REG21, 0x1A));
-
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_RESET_REG00, 0x80));
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_CLOCK_MGR_REG01, 0x3A));
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_ANALOG_REG16, 0x3F));
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_ANALOG_REG16, 0x00));
-
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_TEST_MODE_REGF9, 0x00));
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_CLOCK_MGR_REG04, 0x01));
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_ANALOG_REG17, 0x01));
+  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_registers(ES7243E_INIT));
   ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->configure_mic_gain_());
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_RESET_REG00, 0x80));
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_CLOCK_MGR_REG01, 0x3A));
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_ANALOG_REG16, 0x3F));
-  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES7243E_ANALOG_REG16, 0x00));
+  ES7243E_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_registers(ES7243E_START));
 
   this->setup_complete_ = true;
 }

esphome/components/es8156/es8156.cpp

@@ -9,70 +9,54 @@ namespace esphome::es8156 {
 
 ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "es8156");
 
-// Mark the component as failed; use only in setup
-#define ES8156_ERROR_FAILED(func) \
-  if (!(func)) { \
-    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR("Failed to initialize")); \
-    return; \
-  }
+static constexpr i2c::I2CRegValue ES8156_INIT[] PROGMEM = {
+    // REG02 MODE CONFIG 1: Enable software mode for I2C control of volume/mute
+    // Bit 2: SOFT_MODE_SEL=1 (software mode enabled)
+    {ES8156_REG02_SCLK_MODE, 0x04},
+    // Analog system configuration (active-low power down bits, active-high enables)
+    // REG20 ANALOG SYSTEM: Configure analog signal path
+    {ES8156_REG20_ANALOG_SYS1, 0x2A},
+    // REG21 ANALOG SYSTEM: VSEL=0x1C (bias level ~120%), normal VREF ramp speed
+    {ES8156_REG21_ANALOG_SYS2, 0x3C},
+    // REG22 ANALOG SYSTEM: Line out mode (HPSW=0), OUT_MUTE=0 (not muted)
+    {ES8156_REG22_ANALOG_SYS3, 0x00},
+    // REG24 ANALOG SYSTEM: Low power mode for VREFBUF, HPCOM, DACVRP; DAC normal power
+    // Bits 2:0 = 0x07: LPVREFBUF=1, LPHPCOM=1, LPDACVRP=1, LPDAC=0
+    {ES8156_REG24_ANALOG_LP, 0x07},
+    // REG23 ANALOG SYSTEM: Lowest bias (IBIAS_SW=0), VMIDLVL=VDDA/2, normal impedance
+    {ES8156_REG23_ANALOG_SYS4, 0x00},
+    // Timing and interface configuration
+    // REG0A/0B TIME CONTROL: Fast state machine transitions
+    {ES8156_REG0A_TIME_CONTROL1, 0x01},
+    {ES8156_REG0B_TIME_CONTROL2, 0x01},
+    // REG11 SDP INTERFACE CONFIG: Default I2S format (24-bit, I2S mode)
+    {ES8156_REG11_DAC_SDP, 0x00},
+    // REG19 EQ CONTROL 1: EQ disabled (EQ_ON=0), EQ_BAND_NUM=2
+    {ES8156_REG19_EQ_CONTROL1, 0x20},
+    // REG0D P2S CONTROL: Parallel-to-serial converter settings
+    {ES8156_REG0D_P2S_CONTROL, 0x14},
+    // REG09 MISC CONTROL 2: Default settings
+    {ES8156_REG09_MISC_CONTROL2, 0x00},
+    // REG18 MISC CONTROL 3: Stereo channel routing, no inversion
+    // Bits 5:4 CHN_CROSS: 0=L→L/R→R, 1=L to both, 2=R to both, 3=swap L/R
+    // Bits 3:2: LCH_INV/RCH_INV channel inversion
+    {ES8156_REG18_MISC_CONTROL3, 0x00},
+    // REG08 CLOCK OFF: Enable all internal clocks (0x3F = all clock gates open)
+    {ES8156_REG08_CLOCK_ON_OFF, 0x3F},
+    // REG00 RESET CONTROL: Reset sequence
+    // First: RST_DIG=1 (assert digital reset)
+    {ES8156_REG00_RESET, 0x02},
+    // Then: CSM_ON=1 (enable chip state machine), RST_DIG=1
+    {ES8156_REG00_RESET, 0x03},
+    // REG25 ANALOG SYSTEM: Power up analog blocks
+    // VMIDSEL=2 (normal VMID operation), PDN_ANA=0, ENREFR=0, ENHPCOM=0
+    // PDN_DACVREFGEN=0, PDN_VREFBUF=0, PDN_DAC=0 (all enabled)
+    {ES8156_REG25_ANALOG_SYS5, 0x20},
+};
 
 void ES8156::setup() {
-  // REG02 MODE CONFIG 1: Enable software mode for I2C control of volume/mute
-  // Bit 2: SOFT_MODE_SEL=1 (software mode enabled)
-  ES8156_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8156_REG02_SCLK_MODE, 0x04));
-
-  // Analog system configuration (active-low power down bits, active-high enables)
-  // REG20 ANALOG SYSTEM: Configure analog signal path
-  ES8156_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8156_REG20_ANALOG_SYS1, 0x2A));
-
-  // REG21 ANALOG SYSTEM: VSEL=0x1C (bias level ~120%), normal VREF ramp speed
-  ES8156_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8156_REG21_ANALOG_SYS2, 0x3C));
-
-  // REG22 ANALOG SYSTEM: Line out mode (HPSW=0), OUT_MUTE=0 (not muted)
-  ES8156_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8156_REG22_ANALOG_SYS3, 0x00));
-
-  // REG24 ANALOG SYSTEM: Low power mode for VREFBUF, HPCOM, DACVRP; DAC normal power
-  // Bits 2:0 = 0x07: LPVREFBUF=1, LPHPCOM=1, LPDACVRP=1, LPDAC=0
-  ES8156_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8156_REG24_ANALOG_LP, 0x07));
-
-  // REG23 ANALOG SYSTEM: Lowest bias (IBIAS_SW=0), VMIDLVL=VDDA/2, normal impedance
-  ES8156_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8156_REG23_ANALOG_SYS4, 0x00));
-
-  // Timing and interface configuration
-  // REG0A/0B TIME CONTROL: Fast state machine transitions
-  ES8156_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8156_REG0A_TIME_CONTROL1, 0x01));
-  ES8156_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8156_REG0B_TIME_CONTROL2, 0x01));
-
-  // REG11 SDP INTERFACE CONFIG: Default I2S format (24-bit, I2S mode)
-  ES8156_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8156_REG11_DAC_SDP, 0x00));
-
-  // REG19 EQ CONTROL 1: EQ disabled (EQ_ON=0), EQ_BAND_NUM=2
-  ES8156_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8156_REG19_EQ_CONTROL1, 0x20));
-
-  // REG0D P2S CONTROL: Parallel-to-serial converter settings
-  ES8156_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8156_REG0D_P2S_CONTROL, 0x14));
-
-  // REG09 MISC CONTROL 2: Default settings
-  ES8156_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8156_REG09_MISC_CONTROL2, 0x00));
-
-  // REG18 MISC CONTROL 3: Stereo channel routing, no inversion
-  // Bits 5:4 CHN_CROSS: 0=L→L/R→R, 1=L to both, 2=R to both, 3=swap L/R
-  // Bits 3:2: LCH_INV/RCH_INV channel inversion
-  ES8156_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8156_REG18_MISC_CONTROL3, 0x00));
-
-  // REG08 CLOCK OFF: Enable all internal clocks (0x3F = all clock gates open)
-  ES8156_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8156_REG08_CLOCK_ON_OFF, 0x3F));
-
-  // REG00 RESET CONTROL: Reset sequence
-  // First: RST_DIG=1 (assert digital reset)
-  ES8156_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8156_REG00_RESET, 0x02));
-  // Then: CSM_ON=1 (enable chip state machine), RST_DIG=1
-  ES8156_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8156_REG00_RESET, 0x03));
-
-  // REG25 ANALOG SYSTEM: Power up analog blocks
-  // VMIDSEL=2 (normal VMID operation), PDN_ANA=0, ENREFR=0, ENHPCOM=0
-  // PDN_DACVREFGEN=0, PDN_VREFBUF=0, PDN_DAC=0 (all enabled)
-  ES8156_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8156_REG25_ANALOG_SYS5, 0x20));
+  if (!this->write_registers(ES8156_INIT))
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR("Failed to initialize"));
 }
 
 void ES8156::dump_config() { ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "ES8156 Audio Codec:"); }

esphome/components/es8388/es8388.cpp

@@ -22,79 +22,76 @@ ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "es8388");
     return false; \
   }
 
+static constexpr i2c::I2CRegValue ES8388_INIT[] PROGMEM = {
+    // I2S worker mode
+    {ES8388_MASTERMODE, 0x00},
+    /* Chip Control and Power Management */
+    {ES8388_CONTROL2, 0x50},
+    // normal all and power up all
+    {ES8388_CHIPPOWER, 0x00},
+    // vmidsel/500k
+    // EnRef=0,Play&Record Mode,(0x17-both of mic&play)
+    {ES8388_CONTROL1, 0x12},
+    // i2s 16 bits
+    {ES8388_DACCONTROL1, 0x18},
+    // sample freq 256
+    // DACFsMode,SINGLE SPEED; DACFsRatio,256
+    {ES8388_DACCONTROL2, 0x02},
+    // 0x00 audio on LIN1&RIN1,  0x09 LIN2&RIN2
+    {ES8388_DACCONTROL16, 0x00},
+    // only left DAC to left mixer enable 0db
+    {ES8388_DACCONTROL17, 0x90},
+    // only right DAC to right mixer enable 0db
+    {ES8388_DACCONTROL20, 0x90},
+    // set internal ADC and DAC use the same LRCK clock, ADC LRCK as internal LRCK
+    {ES8388_DACCONTROL21, 0x80},
+    // vroi=0 - 1.5k VREF to analog output resistance (default)
+    {ES8388_DACCONTROL23, 0x00},
+    // power down adc and line in
+    {ES8388_ADCPOWER, 0xFF},
+    //@nightdav
+    {ES8388_ADCCONTROL1, 0x00},  // +21dB : recommended value for ALC & voice recording
+    // set to Mono Right
+    {ES8388_ADCCONTROL3, 0x02},
+    // I2S 16 Bits length and I2S serial audio data format
+    {ES8388_ADCCONTROL4, 0x0d},
+    // ADCFsMode,singel SPEED,RATIO=256
+    {ES8388_ADCCONTROL5, 0x02},
+    // ADC Volume
+    {ES8388_ADCCONTROL8, 0x00},
+    {ES8388_ADCCONTROL9, 0x00},
+    //@nightDav
+    // ALC Config (as recommended by ES8388 user guide for voice recording)
+    // Reg 0x12 = 0xe2 (ALC enable, PGA Max. Gain=23.5dB, Min. Gain=0dB)
+    {ES8388_ADCCONTROL10, 0xe2},
+    // Reg 0x13 = 0xa0 (ALC Target=-1.5dB, ALC Hold time =0 mS)
+    {ES8388_ADCCONTROL11, 0xa0},
+    // Reg 0x14 = 0x12(Decay time =820uS , Attack time = 416 uS)
+    {ES8388_ADCCONTROL12, 0x12},
+    // Reg 0x15 = 0x06(ALC mode)
+    {ES8388_ADCCONTROL13, 0x06},
+    // Reg 0x16 = 0xc3(nose gate = -40.5dB, NGG = 0x01(mute ADC))
+    {ES8388_ADCCONTROL14, 0xc3},
+    // Power on ADC
+    {ES8388_DACCONTROL21, 0x80},
+    // Start state machine
+    {ES8388_CHIPPOWER, 0xF0},
+};
+
+static constexpr i2c::I2CRegValue ES8388_UNMUTE[] PROGMEM = {
+    // unmute ADC with fade in
+    {ES8388_ADCCONTROL7, 0x60},
+    // unmute DAC with fade in
+    {ES8388_DACCONTROL3, 0x20},
+    // Power on ADC, Enable LIN&RIN, Power off MICBIAS, set int1lp to low power mode
+    {ES8388_ADCPOWER, 0x09},
+};
+
 void ES8388::setup() {
   // mute DAC
   this->set_mute_state_(true);
 
-  // I2S worker mode
-  ES8388_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8388_MASTERMODE, 0x00));
-
-  /* Chip Control and Power Management */
-  ES8388_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8388_CONTROL2, 0x50));
-  // normal all and power up all
-  ES8388_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8388_CHIPPOWER, 0x00));
-
-  // vmidsel/500k
-  // EnRef=0,Play&Record Mode,(0x17-both of mic&play)
-  ES8388_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8388_CONTROL1, 0x12));
-
-  // i2s 16 bits
-  ES8388_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8388_DACCONTROL1, 0x18));
-  // sample freq 256
-  // DACFsMode,SINGLE SPEED; DACFsRatio,256
-  ES8388_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8388_DACCONTROL2, 0x02));
-  // 0x00 audio on LIN1&RIN1,  0x09 LIN2&RIN2
-  ES8388_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8388_DACCONTROL16, 0x00));
-  // only left DAC to left mixer enable 0db
-  ES8388_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8388_DACCONTROL17, 0x90));
-  // only right DAC to right mixer enable 0db
-  ES8388_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8388_DACCONTROL20, 0x90));
-  // set internal ADC and DAC use the same LRCK clock, ADC LRCK as internal LRCK
-  ES8388_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8388_DACCONTROL21, 0x80));
-  // vroi=0 - 1.5k VREF to analog output resistance (default)
-  ES8388_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8388_DACCONTROL23, 0x00));
-
-  // power down adc and line in
-  ES8388_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8388_ADCPOWER, 0xFF));
-
-  //@nightdav
-  ES8388_ERROR_FAILED(
-      this->write_byte(ES8388_ADCCONTROL1, 0x00));  // +21dB : recommended value for ALC & voice recording
-
-  // set to Mono Right
-  ES8388_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8388_ADCCONTROL3, 0x02));
-
-  // I2S 16 Bits length and I2S serial audio data format
-  ES8388_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8388_ADCCONTROL4, 0x0d));
-  // ADCFsMode,singel SPEED,RATIO=256
-  ES8388_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8388_ADCCONTROL5, 0x02));
-
-  // ADC Volume
-  ES8388_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8388_ADCCONTROL8, 0x00));
-  ES8388_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8388_ADCCONTROL9, 0x00));
-
-  //@nightDav
-  // ALC Config (as recommended by ES8388 user guide for voice recording)
-
-  // Reg 0x12 = 0xe2 (ALC enable, PGA Max. Gain=23.5dB, Min. Gain=0dB)
-  ES8388_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8388_ADCCONTROL10, 0xe2));
-
-  // Reg 0x13 = 0xa0 (ALC Target=-1.5dB, ALC Hold time =0 mS)
-  ES8388_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8388_ADCCONTROL11, 0xa0));
-  // Reg 0x14 = 0x12(Decay time =820uS , Attack time = 416 uS)
-  ES8388_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8388_ADCCONTROL12, 0x12));
-
-  // Reg 0x15 = 0x06(ALC mode)
-  ES8388_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8388_ADCCONTROL13, 0x06));
-
-  // Reg 0x16 = 0xc3(nose gate = -40.5dB, NGG = 0x01(mute ADC))
-  ES8388_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8388_ADCCONTROL14, 0xc3));
-
-  // Power on ADC
-  ES8388_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8388_DACCONTROL21, 0x80));
-
-  // Start state machine
-  ES8388_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8388_CHIPPOWER, 0xF0));
+  ES8388_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_registers(ES8388_INIT));
   delay(1);
   ES8388_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8388_CHIPPOWER, 0x00));
 
@@ -104,13 +101,7 @@ void ES8388::setup() {
 
   this->set_mute_state_(false);
 
-  // unmute ADC with fade in
-  ES8388_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8388_ADCCONTROL7, 0x60));
-  // unmute DAC with fade in
-  ES8388_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8388_DACCONTROL3, 0x20));
-
-  // Power on ADC, Enable LIN&RIN, Power off MICBIAS, set int1lp to low power mode
-  ES8388_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_byte(ES8388_ADCPOWER, 0x09));
+  ES8388_ERROR_FAILED(this->write_registers(ES8388_UNMUTE));
 
 #ifdef USE_ES8388_SELECT
   if (this->dac_output_select_ != nullptr) {
@@ -152,8 +143,8 @@ void ES8388::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "ES8388 Audio Codec:");
   LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this);
 #ifdef USE_ES8388_SELECT
-  LOG_SELECT("  ", "DacOutputSelect", this->dac_output_select_);
-  LOG_SELECT("  ", "ADCInputMicSelect", this->adc_input_mic_select_);
+  LOG_SELECT("  ", "DAC Output", this->dac_output_select_);
+  LOG_SELECT("  ", "ADC Input Mic", this->adc_input_mic_select_);
 #endif
 }
 

esphome/components/es8388/select/__init__.py

@@ -24,14 +24,12 @@ ADC_INPUT_MIC_OPTIONS = AdcInputMicLine.options(
 )
 ADC_INPUT_MIC_OPTION_NAMES = list(ADC_INPUT_MIC_OPTIONS)
 
-DacOutputSelect = es8388_ns.class_("DacOutputSelect", select.Select)
-ADCInputMicSelect = es8388_ns.class_("ADCInputMicSelect", select.Select)
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     {
         cv.GenerateID(CONF_ES8388_ID): cv.use_id(ES8388),
         cv.Optional(CONF_DAC_OUTPUT): select.select_schema(
-            DacOutputSelect,
+            select.ApplySelect,
             entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
             icon=ICON_CHIP,
         ).extend(
@@ -42,7 +40,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             }
         ),
         cv.Optional(CONF_ADC_INPUT_MIC): select.select_schema(
-            ADCInputMicSelect,
+            select.ApplySelect,
             entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
             icon=ICON_CHIP,
         ).extend(
@@ -61,12 +59,18 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ES8388_ID])
     selects = select.sub_selects(config, parent=hub)
     await selects(
-        CONF_DAC_OUTPUT, hub.set_dac_output_select, options=DAC_OUTPUT_OPTION_NAMES
+        CONF_DAC_OUTPUT,
+        hub.set_dac_output_select,
+        options=DAC_OUTPUT_OPTION_NAMES,
+        apply="set_dac_output(static_cast<es8388::DacOutputLine>(index))",
+        publish="before",
     )
     await selects(
         CONF_ADC_INPUT_MIC,
         hub.set_adc_input_mic_select,
         options=ADC_INPUT_MIC_OPTION_NAMES,
+        apply="set_adc_input_mic(static_cast<es8388::AdcInputMicLine>(index))",
+        publish="before",
     )
     if (
         initial := config.get(CONF_DAC_OUTPUT, {}).get(CONF_INITIAL_OPTION)

esphome/components/es8388/select/adc_input_mic_select.cpp

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-#include "adc_input_mic_select.h"
-
-namespace esphome::es8388 {
-
-void ADCInputMicSelect::control(size_t index) {
-  this->publish_state(index);
-  this->parent_->set_adc_input_mic(static_cast<AdcInputMicLine>(index));
-}
-
-}  // namespace esphome::es8388

esphome/components/es8388/select/adc_input_mic_select.h

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "esphome/components/es8388/es8388.h"
-#include "esphome/components/select/select.h"
-
-namespace esphome::es8388 {
-
-class ADCInputMicSelect final : public select::Select, public Parented<ES8388> {
- protected:
-  void control(size_t index) override;
-};
-
-}  // namespace esphome::es8388

esphome/components/es8388/select/dac_output_select.cpp

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-#include "dac_output_select.h"
-
-namespace esphome::es8388 {
-
-void DacOutputSelect::control(size_t index) {
-  this->publish_state(index);
-  this->parent_->set_dac_output(static_cast<DacOutputLine>(index));
-}
-
-}  // namespace esphome::es8388

esphome/components/es8388/select/dac_output_select.h

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "esphome/components/es8388/es8388.h"
-#include "esphome/components/select/select.h"
-
-namespace esphome::es8388 {
-
-class DacOutputSelect final : public select::Select, public Parented<ES8388> {
- protected:
-  void control(size_t index) override;
-};
-
-}  // namespace esphome::es8388

esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py

@@ -2389,7 +2389,9 @@ FRAMEWORK_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
                     cv.Schema(
                         {
                             cv.Required(CONF_NAME): cv.string_strict,
-                            cv.Optional(CONF_SOURCE): cv.git_ref,
+                            cv.Optional(CONF_SOURCE): cv.All(
+                                cv.string_strict, cv.Length(min=1)
+                            ),
                             cv.Optional(CONF_REF): cv.string,
                             cv.Optional(CONF_PATH): cv.string,
                         }

esphome/components/esp32/gpio.cpp

@@ -17,8 +17,13 @@
 #include "hal/rtc_io_hal.h"
 #endif
 
-#ifndef SOC_GPIO_SUPPORT_RTC_INDEPENDENT
-#define SOC_GPIO_SUPPORT_RTC_INDEPENDENT 0  // NOLINT
+// some variants don't map rtcio to gpio 1:1
+#if defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H21)
+#define RTCIO_NEED_MAPPING 1  // NOLINT
+#endif
+
+#if defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32) || (SOC_RTCIO_PIN_COUNT > 0 && defined(USE_GPIO_HOLD))
+#define ISR_PIN_USE_RTC 1  // NOLINT
 #endif
 
 namespace esphome {
@@ -53,10 +58,12 @@ struct ISRPinArg {
 #ifdef USE_GPIO_HOLD
   bool hold;
 #endif
-#if defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32)
+#ifdef ISR_PIN_USE_RTC
   bool use_rtc;
+#ifdef RTCIO_NEED_MAPPING
   int rtc_pin;
 #endif
+#endif
 };
 
 #ifdef USE_GPIO_HOLD
@@ -69,17 +76,15 @@ static inline void refresh_hold(const ESP32InternalGPIOPin &pin) {
 static inline void IRAM_ATTR isr_refresh_hold(const ISRPinArg *arg) {
   if (!arg->hold)
     return;
-#if defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32)
+#if defined(ISR_PIN_USE_RTC) && defined(SOC_RTCIO_HOLD_SUPPORTED)
   if (arg->use_rtc) {
+#ifdef RTCIO_NEED_MAPPING
     rtcio_hal_hold_disable(arg->rtc_pin);
     rtcio_hal_hold_enable(arg->rtc_pin);
-    return;
-  }
-#elif defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S2) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3)
-  // GPIO0-21 are held from the RTC domain; the digital hold mask is zero for them
-  if (arg->pin < SOC_RTCIO_PIN_COUNT) {
+#else
     rtcio_hal_hold_disable(arg->pin);
     rtcio_hal_hold_enable(arg->pin);
+#endif
     return;
   }
 #endif
@@ -96,10 +101,12 @@ ISRInternalGPIOPin ESP32InternalGPIOPin::to_isr() const {
 #ifdef USE_GPIO_HOLD
   arg->hold = this->get_hold();
 #endif
-#if defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32)
+#ifdef ISR_PIN_USE_RTC
   arg->use_rtc = rtc_gpio_is_valid_gpio(this->get_pin_num());
+#ifdef RTCIO_NEED_MAPPING
   if (arg->use_rtc)
     arg->rtc_pin = rtc_io_number_get(this->get_pin_num());
+#endif
 #endif
   return ISRInternalGPIOPin((void *) arg);
 }
@@ -251,7 +258,8 @@ void IRAM_ATTR ISRInternalGPIOPin::pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) {
   if (diff & gpio::FLAG_INPUT) {
     if (flags & gpio::FLAG_INPUT) {
       gpio_hal_input_enable(&GPIO_HAL, arg->pin);
-#if defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32)
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32
+      // Only ESP32 uses the RTC registers for pullup/pulldown
       if (arg->use_rtc) {
         if (flags & gpio::FLAG_PULLUP) {
           rtcio_hal_pullup_enable(arg->rtc_pin);

esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp

@@ -25,16 +25,86 @@ extern "C" {
 #include <freertos/FreeRTOSConfig.h>
 #include <freertos/task.h>
 
+#include <cstring>
+
 #ifdef USE_ARDUINO
 // Prevent Arduino from releasing BT memory at startup (esp32-hal-misc.c).
 // Without this, esp_bt_controller_init() fails with ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE.
 extern "C" bool btInUse() { return true; }  // NOLINT(readability-identifier-naming)
 #endif
 
+#if !defined(CONFIG_BT_CONTROLLER_DISABLED) && \
+    (defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C3) || defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S3))
+// The ESP32-C3 and ESP32-S3 share one controller (lib_esp32c3_family, RivieraWaves link layer).
+#define USE_ESP32_BLE_TERMINATE_PATCH
+// Controller internals, reached through r_ip_funcs_p: a table btdm_controller_init() copies into RAM.
+extern "C" {
+extern void *r_ip_funcs_p;
+const char *btdm_controller_get_compile_version();
+uint8_t r_lld_con_terminate_max_evt_update(uint8_t link_id, uint8_t acked);
+uint8_t *r_lld_con_cntl_pkt_info_get();
+}
+#endif
+
 namespace esphome::esp32_ble {
 
 ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "esp32_ble");
 
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_TERMINATE_PATCH
+// The controller ends its terminate procedure after 6 connection events without an acknowledgement and reports
+// the link closed. A peer using peripheral latency listens only every (latency + 1) events, so it can miss all
+// six LL_TERMINATE_IND: it keeps the link and searches for the central at full receive current until its own
+// supervision timeout. The Core spec keeps the procedure going until the acknowledgement or the supervision
+// timeout; this does that, by holding the controller's no-acknowledgement count below its limit. A peer that
+// never answers still ends the link at the supervision timeout.
+static constexpr size_t TERMINATE_MAX_EVT_SLOT = 0x7dc / sizeof(void *);
+static constexpr uint8_t TERMINATE_MAX_EVT = 5;  // the controller gives up once its count exceeds this
+
+static uint8_t IRAM_ATTR terminate_until_acked(uint8_t link_id, uint8_t acked) {
+  // Per link: [2] terminate in progress, [3] connection events without an acknowledgement.
+  uint8_t *info = r_lld_con_cntl_pkt_info_get() + link_id * 4;
+  if (!acked && info[2] != 0 && info[3] >= TERMINATE_MAX_EVT)
+    info[3] = TERMINATE_MAX_EVT - 1;
+  return r_lld_con_terminate_max_evt_update(link_id, acked);
+}
+
+// The controller builds whose r_lld_con_terminate_max_evt_update and r_lld_con_cntl_pkt_info_get the wrapper was
+// checked against. The table slot alone does not prove the pkt_info layout, so an unknown build is left alone.
+// btdm_controller_get_compile_version() is what ESP-IDF logs at init as "BT controller compile version [...]".
+// Recheck on every ESP-IDF bump: add the new build once both functions are confirmed unchanged, or drop the patch once
+// espressif/esp-idf#19189 is fixed.
+static const char *const TERMINATE_PATCH_CONTROLLER_BUILDS[] = {
+    "51d9dfd",  // ESP-IDF 5.5.5-5.5.6, Arduino 3.3.10-3.3.12
+    "b7de11e",  // ESP-IDF 5.5.4, Arduino 3.3.8-3.3.9: both functions identical to 51d9dfd's
+};
+
+static void patch_terminate_until_acked() {
+  auto **table = static_cast<void **>(r_ip_funcs_p);
+  if (table == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Controller layout not recognised; disconnects keep the controller's 6-event limit");
+    return;
+  }
+  const char *build = btdm_controller_get_compile_version();
+  bool known_build = false;
+  for (const char *known : TERMINATE_PATCH_CONTROLLER_BUILDS)
+    known_build = known_build || strcmp(build, known) == 0;
+  if (!known_build) {
+    // Expected after an ESP-IDF bump, and nothing a user can act on
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG,
+             "Controller build %s not checked for the terminate patch; disconnects keep the controller's 6-event limit",
+             build);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (table[TERMINATE_MAX_EVT_SLOT] == reinterpret_cast<void *>(&terminate_until_acked))
+    return;  // already patched: the controller stayed enabled across a setup
+  if (table[TERMINATE_MAX_EVT_SLOT] != reinterpret_cast<void *>(&r_lld_con_terminate_max_evt_update)) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Controller build %s has an unexpected terminate handler; terminate patch skipped", build);
+    return;
+  }
+  table[TERMINATE_MAX_EVT_SLOT] = reinterpret_cast<void *>(&terminate_until_acked);
+}
+#endif
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_BT_CONTROLLER_DISABLED
 // Bringing up the remote BT controller issues synchronous RPCs to the
 // co-processor with 5 second response timeouts, and the default task watchdog
@@ -223,6 +293,9 @@ bool ESP32BLE::ble_setup_() {
       return false;
     }
   }
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_TERMINATE_PATCH
+  patch_terminate_until_acked();
+#endif
 
   esp_bt_controller_mem_release(ESP_BT_MODE_CLASSIC_BT);
 #else

esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/__init__.py

@@ -114,7 +114,8 @@ BLECharacteristicNotifyAction = esp32_ble_server_automations_ns.class_(
     "BLECharacteristicNotifyAction", automation.Action
 )
 bytebuffer_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("bytebuffer")
-Endianness_ns = bytebuffer_ns.namespace("Endian")
+# Unscoped in C++; is_class keeps the generated Endian::LITTLE spelling
+Endian = bytebuffer_ns.enum("Endian", is_class=True)
 
 
 PROPERTY_MAP = {
@@ -410,10 +411,7 @@ def value_schema(default_type=UNDEFINED, templatable=True):
                 ),
                 cv.Optional(CONF_STRING_ENCODING, default="utf_8"): validate_encoding,
                 cv.Optional(CONF_ENDIANNESS, default="LITTLE"): cv.enum(
-                    {
-                        "LITTLE": Endianness_ns.LITTLE,
-                        "BIG": Endianness_ns.BIG,
-                    }
+                    Endian.options("LITTLE", "BIG")
                 ),
             },
             validate_value_type,

esphome/components/esp32_can/canbus.py

@@ -54,25 +54,21 @@ CAN_MODES = {
 # The supported bit rates differ between ESP32 variants.
 # See ESP-IDF Programming Guide --> API Reference --> Two-Wire Automotive Interface (TWAI)
 
-CAN_SPEEDS_ESP32 = {
-    "20KBPS": CanSpeed.CAN_20KBPS,
-    "25KBPS": CanSpeed.CAN_25KBPS,
-    "50KBPS": CanSpeed.CAN_50KBPS,
-    "100KBPS": CanSpeed.CAN_100KBPS,
-    "125KBPS": CanSpeed.CAN_125KBPS,
-    "250KBPS": CanSpeed.CAN_250KBPS,
-    "500KBPS": CanSpeed.CAN_500KBPS,
-    "800KBPS": CanSpeed.CAN_800KBPS,
-    "1000KBPS": CanSpeed.CAN_1000KBPS,
-}
+CAN_SPEEDS_ESP32 = CanSpeed.options(
+    "20KBPS",
+    "25KBPS",
+    "50KBPS",
+    "100KBPS",
+    "125KBPS",
+    "250KBPS",
+    "500KBPS",
+    "800KBPS",
+    "1000KBPS",
+    prefix="CAN_",
+)
 
 CAN_SPEEDS_ESP32_S2 = {
-    "1KBPS": CanSpeed.CAN_1KBPS,
-    "5KBPS": CanSpeed.CAN_5KBPS,
-    "10KBPS": CanSpeed.CAN_10KBPS,
-    "12K5BPS": CanSpeed.CAN_12K5BPS,
-    "16KBPS": CanSpeed.CAN_16KBPS,
-    "20KBPS": CanSpeed.CAN_20KBPS,
+    **CanSpeed.options("1KBPS", "5KBPS", "10KBPS", "12K5BPS", "16KBPS", prefix="CAN_"),
     **CAN_SPEEDS_ESP32,
 }
 

esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/led_strip.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "led_strip.h"
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <cinttypes>
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
@@ -14,6 +15,8 @@ namespace esphome::esp32_rmt_led_strip {
 ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "esp32_rmt_led_strip");
 
 static const size_t RMT_SYMBOLS_PER_BYTE = 8;
+// Idle time the line must stay low between frames so the strip latches
+static constexpr uint32_t RESET_GAP_US = 50;
 
 // Query the RMT default clock source frequency. This varies by variant:
 // APB (80MHz) on ESP32/S2/S3/C3, PLL_F80M (80MHz) on C6/P4, XTAL (32MHz) on H2.
@@ -91,10 +94,20 @@ void ESP32RMTLEDStripLightOutput::setup() {
   this->rmt_buf_ = rmt_allocator.allocate(buffer_size * 8 + 1);
 #endif
 
+  const uint32_t resolution_hz = rmt_resolution_hz();
+  // Longest wire time of one frame; write_state() defers instead of blocking until it has elapsed
+  uint32_t bit_ticks = std::max(this->params_.bit0.duration0 + this->params_.bit0.duration1,
+                                this->params_.bit1.duration0 + this->params_.bit1.duration1);
+  uint64_t frame_ticks = (uint64_t) bit_ticks * buffer_size * RMT_SYMBOLS_PER_BYTE + this->params_.reset.duration0 +
+                         this->params_.reset.duration1;
+  this->frame_time_us_ = frame_ticks * 1000000 / resolution_hz + RESET_GAP_US;
+  // Seed with the interval write_state() gates on, so the first frame is not deferred
+  this->last_refresh_ = micros() - std::max(this->frame_time_us_, this->max_refresh_rate_);
+
   rmt_tx_channel_config_t channel;
   memset(&channel, 0, sizeof(channel));
   channel.clk_src = RMT_CLK_SRC_DEFAULT;
-  channel.resolution_hz = rmt_resolution_hz();
+  channel.resolution_hz = resolution_hz;
   channel.gpio_num = gpio_num_t(this->pin_);
   channel.mem_block_symbols = this->rmt_symbols_;
   channel.trans_queue_depth = 1;
@@ -157,22 +170,21 @@ void ESP32RMTLEDStripLightOutput::set_led_params(uint32_t bit0_high, uint32_t bi
 }
 
 void ESP32RMTLEDStripLightOutput::write_state(light::LightState *state) {
-  uint32_t now = micros();
-  if (this->throttle_show_(now, this->last_refresh_, this->max_refresh_rate_))
+  // Previous frame still on the wire, inside its reset gap, or refreshing too often: try again next loop
+  if (this->throttle_show_(micros(), this->last_refresh_, std::max(this->frame_time_us_, this->max_refresh_rate_)))
     return;
-  this->last_refresh_ = now;
+
+  // The gate above should always cover the previous frame; never overwrite rmt_buf_ while the RMT still reads it
+  if (rmt_tx_wait_all_done(this->channel_, 0) != ESP_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "RMT TX still busy");
+    this->status_set_warning();
+    this->schedule_show();
+    return;
+  }
   this->mark_shown_();
 
   ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Writing RGB values to bus");
 
-  esp_err_t error = rmt_tx_wait_all_done(this->channel_, 1000);
-  if (error != ESP_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "RMT TX timeout");
-    this->status_set_warning();
-    return;
-  }
-  delayMicroseconds(50);
-
 #if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 3, 0)
   memcpy(this->rmt_buf_, this->buf_, this->get_buffer_size_());
 #else
@@ -203,13 +215,19 @@ void ESP32RMTLEDStripLightOutput::write_state(light::LightState *state) {
   rmt_transmit_config_t config;
   memset(&config, 0, sizeof(config));
 #if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 3, 0)
-  error = rmt_transmit(this->channel_, this->encoder_, this->rmt_buf_, this->get_buffer_size_(), &config);
+  esp_err_t error = rmt_transmit(this->channel_, this->encoder_, this->rmt_buf_, this->get_buffer_size_(), &config);
 #else
-  error = rmt_transmit(this->channel_, this->encoder_, this->rmt_buf_, len * sizeof(rmt_symbol_word_t), &config);
+  esp_err_t error =
+      rmt_transmit(this->channel_, this->encoder_, this->rmt_buf_, len * sizeof(rmt_symbol_word_t), &config);
 #endif
   if (!this->status_comm_result(error == ESP_OK, nullptr)) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "RMT TX error");
+    // retry next loop iteration so the frame is not lost
+    this->schedule_show();
+    return;
   }
+  // Stamped after the transfer started so the gate above stays conservative
+  this->last_refresh_ = micros();
 }
 
 void ESP32RMTLEDStripLightOutput::dump_config() {

esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/led_strip.h

@@ -81,6 +81,8 @@ class ESP32RMTLEDStripLightOutput final : public light::AddressableLight {
 
   uint32_t last_refresh_{0};
   uint32_t max_refresh_rate_{0};
+  // Worst-case wire time of one frame plus the reset gap, computed in setup()
+  uint32_t frame_time_us_{0};
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::esp32_rmt_led_strip

esphome/components/espectre/select/__init__.py

@@ -9,24 +9,23 @@ from .. import (
     CONF_ESPECTRE_ID,
     DOMAIN,
     ESPectreComponent,
-    espectre_ns,
     supported_traffic_generator_modes,
 )
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["espectre"]
 
-TrafficModeSelect = espectre_ns.class_(
-    "TrafficModeSelect", select.Select, cg.Parented.template(ESPectreComponent)
-)
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = select.select_schema(
-    TrafficModeSelect, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+    select.ApplySelect, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
 ).extend({cv.GenerateID(CONF_ESPECTRE_ID): cv.use_id(ESPectreComponent)})
 
 
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     options = supported_traffic_generator_modes(CORE.config[DOMAIN])
-    var = await select.new_select(config, options=options)
-    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ESPECTRE_ID])
-    parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ESPECTRE_ID])
-    cg.add(parent.set_traffic_mode_select(var))
+    hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ESPECTRE_ID])
+    await select.sub_selects(config, parent=hub).create(
+        config,
+        hub.set_traffic_mode_select,
+        options=options,
+        apply="request_traffic_generator_mode(option)",
+    )

esphome/components/espectre/select/espectre_select.cpp

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-#include "espectre_select.h"
-
-#ifdef USE_ESPECTRE
-
-namespace esphome::espectre {
-
-void TrafficModeSelect::control(size_t index) { this->parent_->request_traffic_generator_mode(this->option_at(index)); }
-
-}  // namespace esphome::espectre
-
-#endif  // USE_ESPECTRE

esphome/components/espectre/select/espectre_select.h

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
-
-#ifdef USE_ESPECTRE
-
-#include "esphome/components/select/select.h"
-#include "../espectre.h"
-
-namespace esphome::espectre {
-
-class TrafficModeSelect final : public select::Select, public Parented<ESPectreComponent> {
- protected:
-  void control(size_t index) override;
-};
-
-}  // namespace esphome::espectre
-
-#endif  // USE_ESPECTRE

esphome/components/ezo/ezo.cpp

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 #include "ezo.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/progmem.h"
 
 namespace esphome::ezo {
 
-static const char *const EZO_COMMAND_TYPE_STRINGS[] = {"EZO_READ",  "EZO_LED",         "EZO_DEVICE_INFORMATION",
-                                                       "EZO_SLOPE", "EZO_CALIBRATION", "EZO_SLEEP",
-                                                       "EZO_I2C",   "EZO_T",           "EZO_CUSTOM"};
+PROGMEM_STRING_TABLE(EzoCommandTypeStrings, "EZO_READ", "EZO_LED", "EZO_DEVICE_INFORMATION", "EZO_SLOPE",
+                     "EZO_CALIBRATION", "EZO_SLEEP", "EZO_I2C", "EZO_T", "EZO_CUSTOM");
 
-static const char *const EZO_CALIBRATION_TYPE_STRINGS[] = {"LOW", "MID", "HIGH"};
+PROGMEM_STRING_TABLE(EzoCalibrationTypeStrings, "LOW", "MID", "HIGH");
 
 void EZOSensor::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("", "EZO", this);
@@ -103,7 +103,8 @@ void EZOSensor::loop() {
       break;
   }
 
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Received buffer \"%s\" for command type %s", &buf[1], EZO_COMMAND_TYPE_STRINGS[to_run->command_type]);
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Received buffer \"%s\" for command type %s", &buf[1],
+           LOG_STR_ARG(EzoCommandTypeStrings::get_log_str(to_run->command_type, EzoCommandTypeStrings::LAST_INDEX)));
 
   if (buf[0] == 1) {
     std::string payload = reinterpret_cast<char *>(&buf[1]);
@@ -168,7 +169,9 @@ void EZOSensor::add_command_(const char *command, EzoCommandType command_type, u
 void EZOSensor::set_calibration_point_(EzoCalibrationType type, float value) {
   // max 21: "Cal,"(4) + type(4) + ","(1) + float(11) + null; use 24 for safety
   char payload[24];
-  snprintf(payload, sizeof(payload), "Cal,%s,%0.2f", EZO_CALIBRATION_TYPE_STRINGS[type], value);
+  ESPHOME_snprintf_P(payload, sizeof(payload), ESPHOME_PSTR("Cal,%s,%0.2f"),
+                     LOG_STR_ARG(EzoCalibrationTypeStrings::get_log_str(type, EzoCalibrationTypeStrings::LAST_INDEX)),
+                     value);
   this->add_command_(payload, EzoCommandType::EZO_CALIBRATION, 900);
 }
 
@@ -176,7 +179,7 @@ void EZOSensor::set_address(uint8_t address) {
   if (address > 0 && address < 128) {
     // max 8: "I2C,"(4) + uint8(3) + null
     char payload[8];
-    snprintf(payload, sizeof(payload), "I2C,%u", address);
+    ESPHOME_snprintf_P(payload, sizeof(payload), ESPHOME_PSTR("I2C,%u"), address);
     this->new_address_ = address;
     this->add_command_(payload, EzoCommandType::EZO_I2C);
   } else {
@@ -197,7 +200,7 @@ void EZOSensor::get_t() { this->add_command_("T,?", EzoCommandType::EZO_T); }
 void EZOSensor::set_t(float value) {
   // max 14 bytes: "T,"(2) + float with "%0.2f" (up to 11 chars) + null(1); use 16 for alignment
   char payload[16];
-  snprintf(payload, sizeof(payload), "T,%0.2f", value);
+  ESPHOME_snprintf_P(payload, sizeof(payload), ESPHOME_PSTR("T,%0.2f"), value);
   this->add_command_(payload, EzoCommandType::EZO_T);
 }
 
@@ -220,7 +223,7 @@ void EZOSensor::set_calibration_point_high(float value) {
 void EZOSensor::set_calibration_generic(float value) {
   // exact 16 bytes: "Cal," (4) + float with "%0.2f" (up to 11 chars, e.g. "-9999999.99") + null (1) = 16
   char payload[16];
-  snprintf(payload, sizeof(payload), "Cal,%0.2f", value);
+  ESPHOME_snprintf_P(payload, sizeof(payload), ESPHOME_PSTR("Cal,%0.2f"), value);
   this->add_command_(payload, EzoCommandType::EZO_CALIBRATION, 900);
 }
 

esphome/components/ft63x6/ft63x6.cpp

@@ -34,10 +34,7 @@ void FT63X6Touchscreen::setup() {
     this->attach_interrupt_(this->interrupt_pin_, gpio::INTERRUPT_ANY_EDGE);
   }
 
-  if (this->reset_pin_ != nullptr) {
-    this->reset_pin_->setup();
-    this->hard_reset_();
-  }
+  pulse_reset(this->reset_pin_, {.low_ms = 10});
 
   // Get touch resolution
   if (this->x_raw_max_ == this->x_raw_min_) {
@@ -57,14 +54,6 @@ void FT63X6Touchscreen::setup() {
   this->write_byte(FT6X36_ADDR_TOUCHRATE_ACTIVE, 0x0E);
 }
 
-void FT63X6Touchscreen::hard_reset_() {
-  if (this->reset_pin_ != nullptr) {
-    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(false);
-    delay(10);
-    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(true);
-  }
-}
-
 void FT63X6Touchscreen::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "FT63X6 Touchscreen:");
   LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this);

esphome/components/ft63x6/ft63x6.h

@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ class FT63X6Touchscreen final : public Touchscreen, public i2c::I2CDevice {
   void set_threshold(uint8_t threshold) { this->threshold_ = threshold; }
 
  protected:
-  void hard_reset_();
   void update_touches() override;
 
   InternalGPIOPin *interrupt_pin_{nullptr};

esphome/components/gsl3670/gsl3670_touchscreen.cpp

@@ -83,13 +83,7 @@ void GSL3670Touchscreen::update_touches() {
 void GSL3670Touchscreen::clear_reg_() {
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "clear_reg");
 
-  // GPIO reset pulse
-  if (this->reset_pin_ != nullptr) {
-    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(false);
-    delay(1);
-    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(true);
-    delay(5);
-  }
+  pulse_reset(this->reset_pin_, {.low_ms = 1, .high_after_ms = 5});
 
   this->write_reg8_(0x88, 0x01);
   // delay(5);
@@ -106,12 +100,7 @@ void GSL3670Touchscreen::clear_reg_() {
 void GSL3670Touchscreen::reset_() {
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "reset");
 
-  if (this->reset_pin_ != nullptr) {
-    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(false);
-    delay(1);
-    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(true);
-    delay(5);
-  }
+  pulse_reset(this->reset_pin_, {.low_ms = 1, .high_after_ms = 5});
 
   this->write_reg8_(0xe4, 0x04);
 

esphome/components/haier/climate.py

@@ -3,7 +3,11 @@ import logging
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate, logger, uart
-from esphome.components.climate import ClimateMode, ClimatePreset, ClimateSwingMode
+from esphome.components.climate import (
+    CLIMATE_MODES,
+    CLIMATE_PRESETS,
+    CLIMATE_SWING_MODES,
+)
 from esphome.components.logger import DOMAIN as LOGGER_DOMAIN
 from esphome.components.wifi import DOMAIN as WIFI_DOMAIN
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -77,31 +81,19 @@ AIRFLOW_HORIZONTAL_DIRECTION_OPTIONS = AirflowHorizontalDirection.options(
 )
 
 SUPPORTED_SWING_MODES_OPTIONS = {
-    "OFF": ClimateSwingMode.CLIMATE_SWING_OFF,
-    "VERTICAL": ClimateSwingMode.CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL,
-    "HORIZONTAL": ClimateSwingMode.CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL,
-    "BOTH": ClimateSwingMode.CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH,
+    k: CLIMATE_SWING_MODES[k] for k in ("OFF", "VERTICAL", "HORIZONTAL", "BOTH")
 }
 
 SUPPORTED_CLIMATE_MODES_OPTIONS = {
-    "OFF": ClimateMode.CLIMATE_MODE_OFF,  # always available
-    "HEAT_COOL": ClimateMode.CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT_COOL,  # always available
-    "COOL": ClimateMode.CLIMATE_MODE_COOL,
-    "HEAT": ClimateMode.CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT,
-    "DRY": ClimateMode.CLIMATE_MODE_DRY,
-    "FAN_ONLY": ClimateMode.CLIMATE_MODE_FAN_ONLY,
+    k: CLIMATE_MODES[k] for k in ("OFF", "HEAT_COOL", "COOL", "HEAT", "DRY", "FAN_ONLY")
 }
 
 SUPPORTED_CLIMATE_PRESETS_SMARTAIR2_OPTIONS = {
-    "AWAY": ClimatePreset.CLIMATE_PRESET_AWAY,
-    "BOOST": ClimatePreset.CLIMATE_PRESET_BOOST,
-    "COMFORT": ClimatePreset.CLIMATE_PRESET_COMFORT,
+    k: CLIMATE_PRESETS[k] for k in ("AWAY", "BOOST", "COMFORT")
 }
 
 SUPPORTED_CLIMATE_PRESETS_HON_OPTIONS = {
-    "AWAY": ClimatePreset.CLIMATE_PRESET_AWAY,
-    "BOOST": ClimatePreset.CLIMATE_PRESET_BOOST,
-    "SLEEP": ClimatePreset.CLIMATE_PRESET_SLEEP,
+    k: CLIMATE_PRESETS[k] for k in ("AWAY", "BOOST", "SLEEP")
 }
 
 HonControlMethod = haier_ns.enum("HonControlMethod", True)

esphome/components/haier/haier_base.cpp

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h"
 #endif
 #include "haier_base.h"
+#include "esphome/core/progmem.h"
 
 using namespace esphome::climate;
 using namespace esphome::uart;
@@ -19,28 +20,16 @@ constexpr size_t PROTOCOL_INITIALIZATION_INTERVAL = 10000;
 constexpr size_t DEFAULT_MESSAGES_INTERVAL_MS = 2000;
 constexpr size_t CONTROL_MESSAGES_INTERVAL_MS = 400;
 
-const char *HaierClimateBase::phase_to_string_(ProtocolPhases phase) {
-  static const char *phase_names[] = {
-      "SENDING_INIT_1",
-      "SENDING_INIT_2",
-      "SENDING_FIRST_STATUS_REQUEST",
-      "SENDING_FIRST_ALARM_STATUS_REQUEST",
-      "IDLE",
-      "SENDING_STATUS_REQUEST",
-      "SENDING_UPDATE_SIGNAL_REQUEST",
-      "SENDING_SIGNAL_LEVEL",
-      "SENDING_CONTROL",
-      "SENDING_ACTION_COMMAND",
-      "SENDING_ALARM_STATUS_REQUEST",
-      "UNKNOWN"  // Should be the last!
-  };
-  static_assert(
-      (sizeof(phase_names) / sizeof(char *)) == (((int) ProtocolPhases::NUM_PROTOCOL_PHASES) + 1),
-      "Wrong phase_names array size. Please, make sure that this array is aligned with the enum ProtocolPhases");
-  int phase_index = (int) phase;
-  if ((phase_index > (int) ProtocolPhases::NUM_PROTOCOL_PHASES) || (phase_index < 0))
-    phase_index = (int) ProtocolPhases::NUM_PROTOCOL_PHASES;
-  return phase_names[phase_index];
+PROGMEM_STRING_TABLE(ProtocolPhaseStrings, "SENDING_INIT_1", "SENDING_INIT_2", "SENDING_FIRST_STATUS_REQUEST",
+                     "SENDING_FIRST_ALARM_STATUS_REQUEST", "IDLE", "SENDING_STATUS_REQUEST",
+                     "SENDING_UPDATE_SIGNAL_REQUEST", "SENDING_SIGNAL_LEVEL", "SENDING_CONTROL",
+                     "SENDING_ACTION_COMMAND", "SENDING_ALARM_STATUS_REQUEST", "UNKNOWN");
+
+const LogString *HaierClimateBase::phase_to_string_(ProtocolPhases phase) {
+  static_assert(ProtocolPhaseStrings::COUNT == ((int) ProtocolPhases::NUM_PROTOCOL_PHASES) + 1,
+                "ProtocolPhaseStrings must match the enum ProtocolPhases, with UNKNOWN last");
+  // UNKNOWN (-1) wraps past the table and reads as the last entry, "UNKNOWN"
+  return ProtocolPhaseStrings::get_log_str(static_cast<uint8_t>(phase), ProtocolPhaseStrings::LAST_INDEX);
 }
 
 bool check_timeout(std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point now, std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point tpoint,
@@ -71,7 +60,8 @@ HaierClimateBase::~HaierClimateBase() {}
 
 void HaierClimateBase::set_phase(ProtocolPhases phase) {
   if (this->protocol_phase_ != phase) {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Phase transition: %s => %s", phase_to_string_(this->protocol_phase_), phase_to_string_(phase));
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Phase transition: %s => %s", LOG_STR_ARG(phase_to_string_(this->protocol_phase_)),
+             LOG_STR_ARG(phase_to_string_(phase)));
     this->protocol_phase_ = phase;
   }
 }
@@ -225,7 +215,7 @@ haier_protocol::HandlerError HaierClimateBase::report_network_status_answer_hand
 
 haier_protocol::HandlerError HaierClimateBase::timeout_default_handler_(haier_protocol::FrameType request_type) {
   ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Answer timeout for command %02X, phase %s", (uint8_t) request_type,
-           phase_to_string_(this->protocol_phase_));
+           LOG_STR_ARG(phase_to_string_(this->protocol_phase_)));
   if (this->protocol_phase_ > ProtocolPhases::IDLE) {
     this->set_phase(ProtocolPhases::IDLE);
   } else {

esphome/components/haier/haier_base.h

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ class HaierClimateBase : public esphome::Component,
     SENDING_ALARM_STATUS_REQUEST,
     NUM_PROTOCOL_PHASES
   };
-  const char *phase_to_string_(ProtocolPhases phase);
+  const LogString *phase_to_string_(ProtocolPhases phase);
   virtual void set_handlers() = 0;
   virtual void process_phase(std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point now) = 0;
   virtual haier_protocol::HaierMessage get_control_message() = 0;          // NOLINT(readability-identifier-naming)

esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.cpp

@@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ void HonClimate::process_phase(std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point now) {
     default:
       // Shouldn't get here
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Wrong protocol handler state: %s (%d), resetting communication",
-               phase_to_string_(this->protocol_phase_), (int) this->protocol_phase_);
+               LOG_STR_ARG(phase_to_string_(this->protocol_phase_)), (int) this->protocol_phase_);
       this->set_phase(ProtocolPhases::SENDING_INIT_1);
       break;
   }

esphome/components/haier/select/__init__.py

@@ -9,12 +9,9 @@ from ..climate import (
     CONF_HORIZONTAL_AIRFLOW,
     CONF_VERTICAL_AIRFLOW,
     HonClimate,
-    haier_ns,
 )
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@paveldn"]
-VerticalAirflowSelect = haier_ns.class_("VerticalAirflowSelect", select.Select)
-HorizontalAirflowSelect = haier_ns.class_("HorizontalAirflowSelect", select.Select)
 
 # Same order as VERTICAL_SWING_MODES_ORDER and HORIZONTAL_SWING_MODES_ORDER in hon_climate.h
 AIRFLOW_VERTICAL_DIRECTION_OPTIONS = [
@@ -39,12 +36,12 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
         cv.GenerateID(CONF_HAIER_ID): cv.use_id(HonClimate),
         cv.Optional(CONF_VERTICAL_AIRFLOW): select.select_schema(
-            VerticalAirflowSelect,
+            select.ApplySelect,
             icon="mdi:arrow-expand-vertical",
             entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
         ),
         cv.Optional(CONF_HORIZONTAL_AIRFLOW): select.select_schema(
-            HorizontalAirflowSelect,
+            select.ApplySelect,
             icon="mdi:arrow-expand-horizontal",
             entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
         ),
@@ -59,9 +56,13 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         CONF_VERTICAL_AIRFLOW,
         hub.set_vertical_airflow_select,
         options=AIRFLOW_VERTICAL_DIRECTION_OPTIONS,
+        apply="set_vertical_airflow("
+        "haier::airflow_order_at(haier::VERTICAL_SWING_MODES_ORDER, index))",
     )
     await selects(
         CONF_HORIZONTAL_AIRFLOW,
         hub.set_horizontal_airflow_select,
         options=AIRFLOW_HORIZONTAL_DIRECTION_OPTIONS,
+        apply="set_horizontal_airflow("
+        "haier::airflow_order_at(haier::HORIZONTAL_SWING_MODES_ORDER, index))",
     )

esphome/components/haier/select/horizontal_airflow.h

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "esphome/components/select/select.h"
-#include "../hon_climate.h"
-
-namespace esphome::haier {
-
-class HorizontalAirflowSelect : public select::Select, public Parented<HonClimate> {
- protected:
-  void control(size_t index) override {
-    this->parent_->set_horizontal_airflow(airflow_order_at(HORIZONTAL_SWING_MODES_ORDER, index));
-  }
-};
-
-}  // namespace esphome::haier

esphome/components/haier/select/vertical_airflow.h

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "esphome/components/select/select.h"
-#include "../hon_climate.h"
-
-namespace esphome::haier {
-
-class VerticalAirflowSelect : public select::Select, public Parented<HonClimate> {
- protected:
-  void control(size_t index) override {
-    this->parent_->set_vertical_airflow(airflow_order_at(VERTICAL_SWING_MODES_ORDER, index));
-  }
-};
-
-}  // namespace esphome::haier

esphome/components/haier/smartair2_climate.cpp

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ haier_protocol::HandlerError Smartair2Climate::messages_timeout_handler_with_cyc
   if (this->protocol_phase_ >= ProtocolPhases::IDLE)
     return HaierClimateBase::timeout_default_handler_(message_type);
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Answer timeout for command %02X, phase %s", (uint8_t) message_type,
-           phase_to_string_(this->protocol_phase_));
+           LOG_STR_ARG(phase_to_string_(this->protocol_phase_)));
   ProtocolPhases new_phase = (ProtocolPhases) ((int) this->protocol_phase_ + 1);
   if (new_phase >= ProtocolPhases::SENDING_FIRST_ALARM_STATUS_REQUEST)
     new_phase = ProtocolPhases::SENDING_INIT_1;
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ void Smartair2Climate::process_phase(std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point now)
     default:
       // Shouldn't get here
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Wrong protocol handler state: %s (%d), resetting communication",
-               phase_to_string_(this->protocol_phase_), (int) this->protocol_phase_);
+               LOG_STR_ARG(phase_to_string_(this->protocol_phase_)), (int) this->protocol_phase_);
       this->set_phase(ProtocolPhases::SENDING_INIT_1);
       break;
   }

esphome/components/http_request/httplib.h

@@ -289,8 +289,12 @@ using socket_t = int;
 #elif defined(CPPHTTPLIB_USE_CERTS_FROM_MACOSX_KEYCHAIN) && defined(__APPLE__)
 #include <TargetConditionals.h>
 #if TARGET_OS_OSX
+// The precompiled header brings in ArduinoJson.h, whose `using namespace ArduinoJson` makes MacTypes.h's
+// global Ptr ambiguous with ArduinoJson's Ptr class; give the macOS one another name here
+#define Ptr esphome_mactypes_Ptr
 #include <CoreFoundation/CoreFoundation.h>
 #include <Security/Security.h>
+#undef Ptr
 #endif  // TARGET_OS_OSX
 #endif  // _WIN32
 

esphome/components/htu21d/htu21d.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "htu21d.h"
-#include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome::htu21d {
 
@@ -112,11 +113,7 @@ void HTU21DComponent::set_heater(bool status) {
     this->status_set_warning();
     return;
   }
-  if (status) {
-    raw_heater |= (1 << HTU21D_REG_HTRE_BIT);
-  } else {
-    raw_heater &= ~(1 << HTU21D_REG_HTRE_BIT);
-  }
+  assign_bits(raw_heater, 1 << HTU21D_REG_HTRE_BIT, status);
   if (this->write_register(HTU21D_WRITERHT_REG_CMD, &raw_heater, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
     this->status_set_warning();
     return;

esphome/components/hydreon_rgxx/sensor.py

@@ -40,10 +40,7 @@ RG_MODELS = {
     # 1.200 - https://rainsensors.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2022/03/2022.02.17-rev-1.200-rg-9_instructions.pdf
 }
 
-RG15_RESOLUTION = {
-    "low": RG15Resolution.FORCE_LOW,
-    "high": RG15Resolution.FORCE_HIGH,
-}
+RG15_RESOLUTION = RG15Resolution.options("low", "high", prefix="FORCE_")
 
 SUPPORTED_OPTIONS = {
     CONF_ACC: ["RG_15"],

esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/i2s_audio_microphone.cpp

@@ -270,21 +270,23 @@ void I2SAudioMicrophone::mic_task(void *params) {
 
   {  // Ensures the samples vector is freed when the task stops
 
-    const size_t bytes_to_read = this_microphone->audio_stream_info_.ms_to_bytes(READ_DURATION_MS);
+    // Copied so the format cannot change while the task runs
+    const audio::AudioStreamInfo stream_info = this_microphone->audio_stream_info_;
+    const size_t bytes_to_read = stream_info.ms_to_bytes(READ_DURATION_MS);
     std::vector<uint8_t> samples;
     samples.reserve(bytes_to_read);
 
     xEventGroupSetBits(this_microphone->event_group_, MicrophoneEventGroupBits::TASK_RUNNING);
 
     while (!(xEventGroupGetBits(this_microphone->event_group_) & MicrophoneEventGroupBits::COMMAND_STOP)) {
-      if (this_microphone->data_callbacks_.size() > 0) {
+      if (this_microphone->has_data_callbacks_()) {
         samples.resize(bytes_to_read);
         size_t bytes_read = this_microphone->read_(samples.data(), bytes_to_read, 2 * READ_DURATION_MS);
         samples.resize(bytes_read);
         if (this_microphone->correct_dc_offset_) {
           this_microphone->fix_dc_offset_(samples);
         }
-        this_microphone->data_callbacks_.call(samples);
+        this_microphone->publish_audio_(samples, stream_info);
       } else {
         vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(READ_DURATION_MS));
       }

esphome/components/icnt86/icnt86.cpp

@@ -19,12 +19,7 @@ void ICNT86Touchscreen::setup() {
   }
 
   // Perform reset if necessary
-  if (this->reset_pin_ != nullptr) {
-    this->reset_pin_->setup();
-    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(false);
-    delay(10);
-    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(true);
-  }
+  pulse_reset(this->reset_pin_, {.low_ms = 10});
 
   if (this->x_raw_max_ == this->x_raw_min_) {
     this->x_raw_max_ = this->display_->get_native_width();

esphome/components/ir_rf_base/__init__.py

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 """Shared base for the infrared and radio_frequency entity components."""
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import remote_base
-from esphome.components.api import DOMAIN as API_DOMAIN
+from esphome.const import CONF_API
 from esphome.core import CORE
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import queue_entity_register
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
@@ -24,8 +23,10 @@ async def attach_transmitter(var: cg.MockObj, config: ConfigType, key: str) -> N
     does. Without this call anywhere in the build a request is answered as
     soon as the frame is handed over.
     """
+    from esphome.components import remote_base
+
     await remote_base.register_transmittable(var, config, key)
-    if API_DOMAIN in CORE.config:
+    if CONF_API in CORE.config:
         cg.add_define("USE_IR_RF_TRANSMIT_COMPLETE")
 
 

esphome/components/kamstrup_kmp/kamstrup_kmp.cpp

@@ -2,11 +2,20 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/progmem.h"
 
 namespace esphome::kamstrup_kmp {
 
 ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "kamstrup_kmp");
 
+// KMP units indexed by unit code; the empty first entry doubles as the fallback for unknown codes
+PROGMEM_STRING_TABLE(KmpUnits, "", "Wh", "kWh", "MWh", "GWh", "J", "kJ", "MJ", "GJ", "Cal", "kCal", "Mcal", "Gcal",
+                     "varh", "kvarh", "Mvarh", "Gvarh", "VAh", "kVAh", "MVAh", "GVAh", "kW", "kW", "MW", "GW", "kvar",
+                     "kvar", "Mvar", "Gvar", "VA", "kVA", "MVA", "GVA", "V", "A", "kV", "kA", "C", "K", "l", "m3",
+                     "l/h", "m3/h", "m3xC", "ton", "ton/h", "h", "hh:mm:ss", "yy:mm:dd", "yyyy:mm:dd", "mm:dd", "",
+                     "bar", "RTC", "ASCII", "m3 x 10", "ton x 10", "GJ x 10", "minutes", "Bitfield", "s", "ms", "days",
+                     "RTC-Q", "Datetime");
+
 void KamstrupKMPComponent::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "kamstrup_kmp:");
   LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
@@ -237,8 +246,6 @@ void KamstrupKMPComponent::parse_command_message_(uint16_t command, const uint8_
 }
 
 void KamstrupKMPComponent::set_sensor_value_(uint16_t command, float value, uint8_t unit_idx) {
-  const char *unit = unit_idx < sizeof(UNITS) / sizeof(UNITS[0]) ? UNITS[unit_idx] : "";
-
   // Standard sensors
   if (command == CMD_HEAT_ENERGY && this->heat_energy_sensor_ != nullptr) {
     this->heat_energy_sensor_->publish_state(value);
@@ -263,7 +270,8 @@ void KamstrupKMPComponent::set_sensor_value_(uint16_t command, float value, uint
     }
   }
 
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Received value for command 0x%04X: %.3f [%s]", command, value, unit);
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Received value for command 0x%04X: %.3f [%s]", command, value,
+           LOG_STR_ARG(KmpUnits::get_log_str(unit_idx, 0)));
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::kamstrup_kmp

esphome/components/kamstrup_kmp/kamstrup_kmp.h

@@ -63,16 +63,6 @@ static const uint16_t CMD_TEMP_DIFF = 0x0059;
 static const uint16_t CMD_FLOW = 0x004A;
 static const uint16_t CMD_VOLUME = 0x0044;
 
-// KMP units
-static const char *const UNITS[] = {
-    "",      "Wh",   "kWh",  "MWh",   "GWh",     "J",       "kJ",       "MJ",       "GJ",       "Cal",
-    "kCal",  "Mcal", "Gcal", "varh",  "kvarh",   "Mvarh",   "Gvarh",    "VAh",      "kVAh",     "MVAh",
-    "GVAh",  "kW",   "kW",   "MW",    "GW",      "kvar",    "kvar",     "Mvar",     "Gvar",     "VA",
-    "kVA",   "MVA",  "GVA",  "V",     "A",       "kV",      "kA",       "C",        "K",        "l",
-    "m3",    "l/h",  "m3/h", "m3xC",  "ton",     "ton/h",   "h",        "hh:mm:ss", "yy:mm:dd", "yyyy:mm:dd",
-    "mm:dd", "",     "bar",  "RTC",   "ASCII",   "m3 x 10", "ton x 10", "GJ x 10",  "minutes",  "Bitfield",
-    "s",     "ms",   "days", "RTC-Q", "Datetime"};
-
 class KamstrupKMPComponent final : public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDevice {
  public:
   void set_heat_energy_sensor(sensor::Sensor *sensor) { this->heat_energy_sensor_ = sensor; }

esphome/components/ld2410/select/__init__.py

@@ -13,11 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-from .. import CONF_LD2410_ID, LD2410Component, ld2410_ns
-
-BaudRateSelect = ld2410_ns.class_("BaudRateSelect", select.Select)
-DistanceResolutionSelect = ld2410_ns.class_("DistanceResolutionSelect", select.Select)
-LightOutControlSelect = ld2410_ns.class_("LightOutControlSelect", select.Select)
+from .. import CONF_LD2410_ID, LD2410Component
 
 CONF_DISTANCE_RESOLUTION = "distance_resolution"
 CONF_LIGHT_FUNCTION = "light_function"
@@ -27,22 +23,22 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
     cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(cg.EntityBase),
     cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD2410_ID): cv.use_id(LD2410Component),
     cv.Optional(CONF_DISTANCE_RESOLUTION): select.select_schema(
-        DistanceResolutionSelect,
+        select.ApplySelect,
         entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
         icon=ICON_RULER,
     ),
     cv.Optional(CONF_LIGHT_FUNCTION): select.select_schema(
-        LightOutControlSelect,
+        select.ApplySelect,
         entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
         icon=ICON_LIGHTBULB,
     ),
     cv.Optional(CONF_OUT_PIN_LEVEL): select.select_schema(
-        LightOutControlSelect,
+        select.ApplySelect,
         entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
         icon=ICON_SCALE,
     ),
     cv.Optional(CONF_BAUD_RATE): select.select_schema(
-        BaudRateSelect,
+        select.ApplySelect,
         entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
         icon=ICON_THERMOMETER,
     ),
@@ -57,18 +53,30 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         CONF_DISTANCE_RESOLUTION,
         hub.set_distance_resolution_select,
         options=["0.2m", "0.75m"],
+        apply=(
+            "set_distance_resolution(static_cast<ld2410::DistanceResolution>("
+            "progmem_read_byte(&ld2410::DISTANCE_RESOLUTIONS[index])))"
+        ),
+        publish="before",
     )
+    light = {"apply": "set_light_out_control()", "publish": "before"}
     await selects(
-        CONF_OUT_PIN_LEVEL, hub.set_out_pin_level_select, options=["low", "high"]
+        CONF_OUT_PIN_LEVEL,
+        hub.set_out_pin_level_select,
+        options=["low", "high"],
+        **light,
     )
     await selects(
         CONF_LIGHT_FUNCTION,
         hub.set_light_function_select,
         options=["off", "below", "above"],
+        **light,
     )
     await selects(
         CONF_BAUD_RATE,
         hub.set_baud_rate_select,
+        apply="set_baud_rate(static_cast<ld2410::BaudRate>(index + 1))",
+        publish="before",
         options=[
             "9600",
             "19200",

esphome/components/ld2410/select/baud_rate_select.cpp

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-#include "baud_rate_select.h"
-
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
-
-void BaudRateSelect::control(size_t index) {
-  this->publish_state(index);
-  this->parent_->set_baud_rate(static_cast<BaudRate>(index + 1));
-}
-
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410