[web_server_base] Drop the heap list of web handlers

Only web OTA's handler ever waits for the server, and only when no web_server or prometheus creates it first, so it waits in a single pointer compiled in for those configs. A handler with nowhere to wait creates the server early, keeping registration order for external components.

.github/actions/apt-packages/action.yml

@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-name: Install apt packages (cached)
-description: >-
-  Installs libsdl2-dev, libmbedtls-dev and ccache from one shared cache. The cache key comes
-  only from the package list and version, so both live here and nowhere else.
-runs:
-  using: "composite"
-  steps:
-    - name: Keep a failed install out of the cache
-      # cache-apt-pkgs ignores install failures and saved an empty cache when a stale package
-      # list got a 404 (upstream awalsh128/cache-apt-pkgs-action#221). It uses an apt-fast
-      # already on PATH: this one refreshes the lists and retries when the install fails and,
-      # if that fails too, removes the folder the action would save. Only a cache miss installs.
-      shell: bash
-      run: |
-        sudo tee /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99ci-acquire-timeouts >/dev/null <<'EOF'
-        Acquire::Retries "1";
-        Acquire::http::Timeout "15";
-        Acquire::https::Timeout "15";
-        EOF
-        sudo tee /usr/local/bin/apt-fast > /dev/null <<'EOF'
-        #!/bin/bash
-        if [[ " $* " != *" install "* ]]; then
-          exec apt-get "$@"
-        fi
-        touch /tmp/apt-fast-standin-ran
-        apt-get "$@" && exit 0
-        apt-get update -qq >&2
-        # The action pins each package to the version the stale lists named
-        args=()
-        for arg in "$@"; do
-          if [[ "${arg}" == -* ]]; then args+=("${arg}"); else args+=("${arg%%=*}"); fi
-        done
-        apt-get "${args[@]}" && exit 0
-        # The action writes our output to install.log inside the folder it saves
-        log="$(readlink -f "/proc/$$/fd/1")"
-        if [ "$(basename "${log}")" = install.log ]; then
-          rm -rf "$(dirname "${log}")"
-        else
-          touch /tmp/apt-fast-cleanup-missed
-        fi
-        exit 1
-        EOF
-        sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/apt-fast
-    - name: Install apt packages (cached)
-      id: apt
-      # Pinned on purpose and not watched by Dependabot: the step above relies on how this
-      # release calls apt-fast and where it writes install.log.
-      uses: awalsh128/cache-apt-pkgs-action@553a35bb8ebd9fcabcb1c9451aa4c98e1b4ca8a9 # v1.6.3
-      with:
-        packages: libsdl2-dev libmbedtls-dev ccache
-        # 1.3 drops the empty caches saved before the step above existed
-        version: 1.3
-    - name: Check the packages are installed
-      shell: bash
-      env:
-        CACHE_HIT: ${{ steps.apt.outputs.cache-hit }}
-      run: |
-        if [ "${CACHE_HIT}" != "true" ] && [ ! -e /tmp/apt-fast-standin-ran ]; then
-          echo "::error::cache-apt-pkgs did not use the apt-fast stand-in; check the pinned release"
-          exit 1
-        fi
-        if [ -e /tmp/apt-fast-cleanup-missed ]; then
-          echo "::error::the failed install may have been cached; check the pinned release and bump the version"
-          exit 1
-        fi
-        # The action restores files without registering them with dpkg
-        for cmd in ccache sdl2-config; do
-          if ! command -v "${cmd}" > /dev/null; then
-            echo "::error::${cmd} is missing after the cached install"
-            exit 1
-          fi
-        done
-        if [ ! -f /usr/include/mbedtls/version.h ]; then
-          echo "::error::libmbedtls-dev is missing after the cached install"
-          exit 1
-        fi

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -73,17 +73,16 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     # PR-branch cache saves are invisible to other PRs, so dev/beta/release
     # pushes seed the one shared entry PR jobs restore. The key is derived
-    # only from the package list and version, kept in the apt-packages action.
-    # In ci-status needs so a broken seed fails dev.
+    # only from the package list and version; keep both identical in every
+    # step that restores it. In ci-status needs so a broken seed fails dev.
     if: github.event_name == 'push'
     timeout-minutes: 10
     steps:
-      - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
-        with:
-          sparse-checkout: .github
       - name: Install apt packages (cached)
-        uses: ./.github/actions/apt-packages
+        uses: awalsh128/cache-apt-pkgs-action@553a35bb8ebd9fcabcb1c9451aa4c98e1b4ca8a9 # v1.6.3
+        with:
+          packages: libsdl2-dev libmbedtls-dev ccache
+          version: 1.2
 
   determine-jobs:
     name: Determine which jobs to run
@@ -413,10 +412,14 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install apt packages (cached)
         # ccache speeds up the host compiles. A cache hit never touches apt
         # (mirror outages cannot hang the job); the timeout bounds the cold
-        # path. libsdl2-dev is needed by the headless display tests, which
-        # capture screenshots.
+        # path. Packages and version must match seed-apt-cache exactly.
+        # libsdl2-dev is needed by the headless display tests, which capture
+        # screenshots.
         timeout-minutes: 10
-        uses: ./.github/actions/apt-packages
+        uses: awalsh128/cache-apt-pkgs-action@553a35bb8ebd9fcabcb1c9451aa4c98e1b4ca8a9 # v1.6.3
+        with:
+          packages: libsdl2-dev libmbedtls-dev ccache
+          version: 1.2
       - name: Set up Python 3.13
         id: python
         uses: actions/setup-python@6d4fd22b20465ccc0f7354476588e8df7c9ca0e0 # v7.1.0
@@ -715,9 +718,13 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install apt packages (cached)
         if: matrix.pio_cache_key == 'tidyhost'
         # libsdl2-dev is needed by the sdl component on the host, libmbedtls-dev
-        # by dsmr and dlms_meter.
+        # by dsmr and dlms_meter. Packages and version must match seed-apt-cache
+        # exactly.
         timeout-minutes: 10
-        uses: ./.github/actions/apt-packages
+        uses: awalsh128/cache-apt-pkgs-action@553a35bb8ebd9fcabcb1c9451aa4c98e1b4ca8a9 # v1.6.3
+        with:
+          packages: libsdl2-dev libmbedtls-dev ccache
+          version: 1.2
 
       - name: Restore Python
         id: restore-python
@@ -1104,16 +1111,20 @@ jobs:
       - name: List components
         run: echo ${{ matrix.batch.components }}
 
-      - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
-
       - name: Install apt packages (cached)
         # A cache hit (seeded on dev by seed-apt-cache) never touches apt,
         # so mirror outages cannot hang this PR-only job; the timeout bounds
-        # the cold path. The action has no --no-install-recommends; same
-        # package set this job used before #17463.
+        # the cold path. Packages and version must match seed-apt-cache
+        # exactly. The action has no --no-install-recommends; same package
+        # set this job used before #17463.
         timeout-minutes: 10
-        uses: ./.github/actions/apt-packages
+        uses: awalsh128/cache-apt-pkgs-action@553a35bb8ebd9fcabcb1c9451aa4c98e1b4ca8a9 # v1.6.3
+        with:
+          packages: libsdl2-dev libmbedtls-dev ccache
+          version: 1.2
+
+      - name: Check out code from GitHub
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:

esphome/components/adafruit_ble/ota/__init__.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import logging
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components.const import CONF_ON_NUMERIC_COMPARISON_REQUEST
 from esphome.components.nrf52.const import BOOTLOADER_ADAFRUIT
 from esphome.components.ota import (
     BASE_OTA_SCHEMA,
@@ -13,7 +12,10 @@ from esphome.components.ota import (
 )
 from esphome.components.zephyr import zephyr_data
 from esphome.components.zephyr.const import KEY_BOOTLOADER
-from esphome.components.zephyr_ble_server import DOMAIN as ZEPHYR_BLE_SERVER_DOMAIN
+from esphome.components.zephyr_ble_server import (
+    CONF_ON_NUMERIC_COMPARISON_REQUEST,
+    DOMAIN as ZEPHYR_BLE_SERVER_DOMAIN,
+)
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_ON_ERROR, Framework
 from esphome.core import CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority

esphome/components/ble_client/__init__.py

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ from esphome import automation
 from esphome.automation import maybe_simple_id
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import esp32_ble, esp32_ble_client, esp32_ble_tracker
-from esphome.components.const import CONF_ACCEPT, CONF_ON_NUMERIC_COMPARISON_REQUEST
 from esphome.components.esp32_ble import BTLoggers
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
@@ -102,8 +101,10 @@ BLERemoveBondAction = ble_client_ns.class_(
 )
 
 CONF_PASSKEY = "passkey"
+CONF_ACCEPT = "accept"
 CONF_ON_PASSKEY_REQUEST = "on_passkey_request"
 CONF_ON_PASSKEY_NOTIFICATION = "on_passkey_notification"
+CONF_ON_NUMERIC_COMPARISON_REQUEST = "on_numeric_comparison_request"
 CONF_AUTO_CONNECT = "auto_connect"
 
 MULTI_CONF = True

esphome/components/const/__init__.py

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ BYTE_ORDER_BIG = "big_endian"
 
 CONF_ACCELEROMETER_ODR = "accelerometer_odr"
 CONF_ACCELEROMETER_RANGE = "accelerometer_range"
-CONF_ACCEPT = "accept"
 CONF_ADC_AVERAGING = "adc_averaging"
 CONF_ADC_TIME = "adc_time"
 CONF_ALLOWED_IPS = "allowed_ips"
@@ -59,7 +58,6 @@ CONF_MAX_PACKET_SIZE = "max_packet_size"
 CONF_MODEM = "modem"
 CONF_MODULATION = "modulation"
 CONF_NOX_INDEX = "nox_index"
-CONF_ON_NUMERIC_COMPARISON_REQUEST = "on_numeric_comparison_request"
 CONF_ON_PACKET = "on_packet"
 CONF_ON_RECEIVE = "on_receive"
 CONF_ON_SCAN_END = "on_scan_end"

esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp

@@ -25,86 +25,16 @@ extern "C" {
 #include <freertos/FreeRTOSConfig.h>
 #include <freertos/task.h>
 
-#include <cstring>
-
 #ifdef USE_ARDUINO
 // Prevent Arduino from releasing BT memory at startup (esp32-hal-misc.c).
 // Without this, esp_bt_controller_init() fails with ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE.
 extern "C" bool btInUse() { return true; }  // NOLINT(readability-identifier-naming)
 #endif
 
-#if !defined(CONFIG_BT_CONTROLLER_DISABLED) && \
-    (defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C3) || defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S3))
-// The ESP32-C3 and ESP32-S3 share one controller (lib_esp32c3_family, RivieraWaves link layer).
-#define USE_ESP32_BLE_TERMINATE_PATCH
-// Controller internals, reached through r_ip_funcs_p: a table btdm_controller_init() copies into RAM.
-extern "C" {
-extern void *r_ip_funcs_p;
-const char *btdm_controller_get_compile_version();
-uint8_t r_lld_con_terminate_max_evt_update(uint8_t link_id, uint8_t acked);
-uint8_t *r_lld_con_cntl_pkt_info_get();
-}
-#endif
-
 namespace esphome::esp32_ble {
 
 ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "esp32_ble");
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_TERMINATE_PATCH
-// The controller ends its terminate procedure after 6 connection events without an acknowledgement and reports
-// the link closed. A peer using peripheral latency listens only every (latency + 1) events, so it can miss all
-// six LL_TERMINATE_IND: it keeps the link and searches for the central at full receive current until its own
-// supervision timeout. The Core spec keeps the procedure going until the acknowledgement or the supervision
-// timeout; this does that, by holding the controller's no-acknowledgement count below its limit. A peer that
-// never answers still ends the link at the supervision timeout.
-static constexpr size_t TERMINATE_MAX_EVT_SLOT = 0x7dc / sizeof(void *);
-static constexpr uint8_t TERMINATE_MAX_EVT = 5;  // the controller gives up once its count exceeds this
-
-static uint8_t IRAM_ATTR terminate_until_acked(uint8_t link_id, uint8_t acked) {
-  // Per link: [2] terminate in progress, [3] connection events without an acknowledgement.
-  uint8_t *info = r_lld_con_cntl_pkt_info_get() + link_id * 4;
-  if (!acked && info[2] != 0 && info[3] >= TERMINATE_MAX_EVT)
-    info[3] = TERMINATE_MAX_EVT - 1;
-  return r_lld_con_terminate_max_evt_update(link_id, acked);
-}
-
-// The controller builds whose r_lld_con_terminate_max_evt_update and r_lld_con_cntl_pkt_info_get the wrapper was
-// checked against. The table slot alone does not prove the pkt_info layout, so an unknown build is left alone.
-// btdm_controller_get_compile_version() is what ESP-IDF logs at init as "BT controller compile version [...]".
-// Recheck on every ESP-IDF bump: add the new build once both functions are confirmed unchanged, or drop the patch once
-// espressif/esp-idf#19189 is fixed.
-static const char *const TERMINATE_PATCH_CONTROLLER_BUILDS[] = {
-    "51d9dfd",  // ESP-IDF 5.5.5-5.5.6, Arduino 3.3.10-3.3.12
-    "b7de11e",  // ESP-IDF 5.5.4, Arduino 3.3.8-3.3.9: both functions identical to 51d9dfd's
-};
-
-static void patch_terminate_until_acked() {
-  auto **table = static_cast<void **>(r_ip_funcs_p);
-  if (table == nullptr) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Controller layout not recognised; disconnects keep the controller's 6-event limit");
-    return;
-  }
-  const char *build = btdm_controller_get_compile_version();
-  bool known_build = false;
-  for (const char *known : TERMINATE_PATCH_CONTROLLER_BUILDS)
-    known_build = known_build || strcmp(build, known) == 0;
-  if (!known_build) {
-    // Expected after an ESP-IDF bump, and nothing a user can act on
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG,
-             "Controller build %s not checked for the terminate patch; disconnects keep the controller's 6-event limit",
-             build);
-    return;
-  }
-  if (table[TERMINATE_MAX_EVT_SLOT] == reinterpret_cast<void *>(&terminate_until_acked))
-    return;  // already patched: the controller stayed enabled across a setup
-  if (table[TERMINATE_MAX_EVT_SLOT] != reinterpret_cast<void *>(&r_lld_con_terminate_max_evt_update)) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Controller build %s has an unexpected terminate handler; terminate patch skipped", build);
-    return;
-  }
-  table[TERMINATE_MAX_EVT_SLOT] = reinterpret_cast<void *>(&terminate_until_acked);
-}
-#endif
-
 #ifdef CONFIG_BT_CONTROLLER_DISABLED
 // Bringing up the remote BT controller issues synchronous RPCs to the
 // co-processor with 5 second response timeouts, and the default task watchdog
@@ -293,9 +223,6 @@ bool ESP32BLE::ble_setup_() {
       return false;
     }
   }
-#ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_TERMINATE_PATCH
-  patch_terminate_until_acked();
-#endif
 
   esp_bt_controller_mem_release(ESP_BT_MODE_CLASSIC_BT);
 #else

esphome/components/i2c/i2c.cpp

@@ -21,23 +21,6 @@ void I2CBus::i2c_scan_() {
   }
 }
 
-void I2CBus::dump_scan_results_() {
-  if (!this->scan_)
-    return;
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Results from bus scan:");
-  if (this->scan_results_.empty()) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Found no devices");
-    return;
-  }
-  for (const auto &s : this->scan_results_) {
-    if (s.second) {
-      ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Found device at address 0x%02X", s.first);
-    } else {
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unknown error at address 0x%02X", s.first);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
 void log_wrong_chip_id(uint8_t id, uint8_t expected) {
   ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Wrong chip ID 0x%02X, expected 0x%02X", id, expected);
 }

esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus.h

@@ -67,8 +67,6 @@ class I2CBus {
   /// @brief Scans the I2C bus for devices. Devices presence is kept in an array of std::pair
   /// that contains the address and the corresponding bool presence flag.
   void i2c_scan_();
-  /// @brief Logs the scan results at config level, if the bus was scanned
-  void dump_scan_results_();
   std::vector<std::pair<uint8_t, bool>> scan_results_;  ///< array containing scan results
   bool scan_{false};                                    ///< Should we scan ? Can be set in the yaml
 };

esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_arduino.cpp

@@ -85,7 +85,20 @@ void ArduinoI2CBus::dump_config() {
       ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Recovery: failed, SDA is held low on the bus");
       break;
   }
-  this->dump_scan_results_();
+  if (this->scan_) {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Results from bus scan:");
+    if (this->scan_results_.empty()) {
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Found no devices");
+    } else {
+      for (const auto &s : this->scan_results_) {
+        if (s.second) {
+          ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Found device at address 0x%02X", s.first);
+        } else {
+          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unknown error at address 0x%02X", s.first);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 ErrorCode ArduinoI2CBus::write_readv(uint8_t address, const uint8_t *write_buffer, size_t write_count,

esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_esp_idf.cpp

@@ -127,7 +127,20 @@ void IDFI2CBus::dump_config() {
       ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Recovery: failed, SDA is held low on the bus");
       break;
   }
-  this->dump_scan_results_();
+  if (this->scan_) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Results from bus scan:");
+    if (this->scan_results_.empty()) {
+      ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Found no devices");
+    } else {
+      for (const auto &s : this->scan_results_) {
+        if (s.second) {
+          ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Found device at address 0x%02X", s.first);
+        } else {
+          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unknown error at address 0x%02X", s.first);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 ErrorCode IDFI2CBus::write_readv(uint8_t address, const uint8_t *write_buffer, size_t write_count, uint8_t *read_buffer,

esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_host.cpp

@@ -62,7 +62,14 @@ void HostI2CBus::dump_config() {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "  Setup Error: %s", this->first_error_.c_str());
   }
 
-  this->dump_scan_results_();
+  if (this->scan_) {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "  Scan Results:");
+    for (const auto &s : this->scan_results_) {
+      if (s.second) {
+        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "    0x%02X: Found", s.first);
+      }
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 ErrorCode HostI2CBus::write_readv(uint8_t address, const uint8_t *write_buffer, size_t write_count,

esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_software.cpp

@@ -51,7 +51,20 @@ void SoftwareI2CBus::dump_config() {
   if (this->recovered_) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Recovery: bus successfully recovered");
   }
-  this->dump_scan_results_();
+  if (this->scan_) {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Results from bus scan:");
+    if (this->scan_results_.empty()) {
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Found no devices");
+    } else {
+      for (const auto &s : this->scan_results_) {
+        if (s.second) {
+          ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Found device at address 0x%02X", s.first);
+        } else {
+          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unknown error at address 0x%02X", s.first);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 // Half of one clock period in microseconds, rounded up. The frequency is validated to be non-zero.

esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_zephyr.cpp

@@ -60,7 +60,20 @@ void ZephyrI2CBus::dump_config() {
   } else {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Recovery: bus successfully recovered");
   }
-  this->dump_scan_results_();
+  if (this->scan_) {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Results from I2C bus scan:");
+    if (scan_results_.empty()) {
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Found no I2C devices!");
+    } else {
+      for (const auto &s : scan_results_) {
+        if (s.second) {
+          ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Found I2C device at address 0x%02X", s.first);
+        } else {
+          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unknown error at address 0x%02X", s.first);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 ErrorCode ZephyrI2CBus::write_readv(uint8_t address, const uint8_t *write_buffer, size_t write_count,

esphome/components/ld2410s/ld2410s.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "ld2410s.h"
+#include "ld2410s_number.h"
 #include <cstring>
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
@@ -39,11 +40,6 @@ static constexpr uint8_t CMD_FRAME_MAX_SIZE = LONG_PAYLOAD_POS + 2 + PARAMETERS_
 #ifdef USE_LD2410S_PARAMETERS
 static constexpr uint16_t PARAMETER_KEYS[] PROGMEM = {0x0005, 0x000A, 0x0006, 0x0002, 0x000C, 0x000B};
 static_assert(sizeof(PARAMETER_KEYS) / sizeof(PARAMETER_KEYS[0]) == PARAMETER_COUNT, "one key per parameter");
-#ifdef USE_NUMBER
-// Module units to number units: 0.7 m gates, seconds, tenths of a hertz (number.py uses the same)
-static constexpr float PARAMETER_SCALES[] PROGMEM = {0.7f, 0.7f, 1.0f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.0f};
-static_assert(sizeof(PARAMETER_SCALES) / sizeof(PARAMETER_SCALES[0]) == PARAMETER_COUNT, "one scale per parameter");
-#endif
 #endif
 // The version answer: 4 bytes device type, then major, minor and patch as 16-bit words
 static constexpr uint8_t VERSION_TYPE_SIZE = 4;
@@ -140,27 +136,6 @@ bool LD2410SComponent::set_parameter(Parameter parameter, uint8_t value) {
   this->parameters_dirty_ = true;  // written by loop() once no sequence is running
   return true;
 }
-
-#ifdef USE_NUMBER
-void LD2410SComponent::control_number(number::Number *number, float value) {
-  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < PARAMETER_COUNT; i++) {
-    if (this->numbers_[i] != number)
-      continue;
-    // Show the step the module got, not a value between two steps
-    const uint8_t raw = lroundf(value / PARAMETER_SCALES[i]);  // the schema keeps every parameter within a byte
-    if (this->set_parameter(static_cast<Parameter>(i), raw))
-      number->publish_state(raw * PARAMETER_SCALES[i]);
-    return;
-  }
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_SELECT
-void LD2410SComponent::control_response_speed(select::Select *select, size_t index) {
-  if (this->set_parameter(Parameter::PARAMETER_RESPONSE_SPEED, progmem_read_byte(&RESPONSE_SPEEDS[index])))
-    select->publish_state(index);
-}
-#endif
 #endif
 
 void LD2410SComponent::restart_init_(uint32_t at) {
@@ -527,7 +502,7 @@ void LD2410SComponent::publish_parameters_() {
 #ifdef USE_NUMBER
   for (uint8_t i = 0; i < PARAMETER_COUNT; i++) {
     if (this->numbers_[i] != nullptr) {
-      this->numbers_[i]->publish_state(this->parameters_[i] * PARAMETER_SCALES[i]);
+      this->numbers_[i]->publish_raw(this->parameters_[i]);
     }
   }
 #endif

esphome/components/ld2410s/ld2410s.h

@@ -14,9 +14,6 @@
 #ifdef USE_LD2410S_VERSION
 #include "esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h"
 #endif
-#if defined(USE_NUMBER) && defined(USE_LD2410S_PARAMETERS)
-#include "esphome/components/number/number.h"
-#endif
 #if defined(USE_SELECT) && defined(USE_LD2410S_PARAMETERS)
 #include "esphome/components/select/select.h"
 #endif
@@ -42,6 +39,10 @@ static constexpr uint8_t PARAMETER_COUNT = static_cast<uint8_t>(Parameter::PARAM
 static constexpr uint8_t RESPONSE_SPEEDS[] PROGMEM = {5, 10};
 static constexpr uint8_t RESPONSE_SPEED_COUNT = sizeof(RESPONSE_SPEEDS);
 
+#if defined(USE_NUMBER) && defined(USE_LD2410S_PARAMETERS)
+class LD2410SNumber;
+#endif
+
 class LD2410SComponent final : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
   SUB_BINARY_SENSOR(target)
@@ -66,14 +67,9 @@ class LD2410SComponent final : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
 #ifdef USE_LD2410S_PARAMETERS
   bool set_parameter(Parameter parameter, uint8_t value);
 #ifdef USE_NUMBER
-  void set_number(Parameter parameter, number::Number *number) {
+  void set_number(Parameter parameter, LD2410SNumber *number) {
     this->numbers_[static_cast<uint8_t>(parameter)] = number;
   }
-  /// Writes the number's parameter and publishes the step the module got.
-  void control_number(number::Number *number, float value);
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_SELECT
-  void control_response_speed(select::Select *select, size_t index);
 #endif
 #endif
 
@@ -113,7 +109,7 @@ class LD2410SComponent final : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
 #endif
 
 #if defined(USE_NUMBER) && defined(USE_LD2410S_PARAMETERS)
-  number::Number *numbers_[PARAMETER_COUNT]{};  // null for parameters without a number
+  LD2410SNumber *numbers_[PARAMETER_COUNT]{};  // null for parameters without a number
 #endif
 
   const uint16_t *sequence_{nullptr};  // PROGMEM; null while nothing is being sent

esphome/components/ld2410s/ld2410s_number.h

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#if defined(USE_NUMBER) && defined(USE_LD2410S_PARAMETERS)
+
+#include "ld2410s.h"
+#include "esphome/components/number/number.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ld2410s {
+
+/// Edits one common parameter; scale converts the module's units to the number's.
+class LD2410SNumber final : public number::Number, public Parented<LD2410SComponent> {
+ public:
+  LD2410SNumber(Parameter parameter, float scale) : parameter_(parameter), scale_(scale) {}
+
+  void publish_raw(uint8_t raw) { this->publish_state(raw * this->scale_); }
+
+ protected:
+  void control(float value) override {
+    // Show the step the module got, not a value between two steps
+    const uint8_t raw = lroundf(value / this->scale_);  // the schema keeps every parameter within a byte
+    if (this->parent_->set_parameter(this->parameter_, raw))
+      this->publish_raw(raw);
+  }
+
+  const Parameter parameter_;
+  const float scale_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ld2410s
+
+#endif  // USE_NUMBER && USE_LD2410S_PARAMETERS

esphome/components/ld2410s/ld2410s_select.h

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#if defined(USE_SELECT) && defined(USE_LD2410S_PARAMETERS)
+
+#include "ld2410s.h"
+#include "esphome/components/select/select.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ld2410s {
+
+class LD2410SSelect final : public select::Select, public Parented<LD2410SComponent> {
+ protected:
+  void control(size_t index) override {
+    if (this->parent_->set_parameter(Parameter::PARAMETER_RESPONSE_SPEED, progmem_read_byte(&RESPONSE_SPEEDS[index])))
+      this->publish_state(index);
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ld2410s
+
+#endif  // USE_SELECT && USE_LD2410S_PARAMETERS

esphome/components/ld2410s/number.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-from . import CONF_LD2410S_ID, LD2410SComponent, Parameter
+from . import CONF_LD2410S_ID, LD2410SComponent, Parameter, ld2410s_ns
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["ld2410s"]
 
@@ -26,8 +26,9 @@ CONF_MIN_DISTANCE = "min_distance"
 CONF_NO_DELAY = "no_delay"
 CONF_STATUS_REPORTING_FREQUENCY = "status_reporting_frequency"
 
-# The module counts distances in 0.7 m gates and frequencies in tenths of a hertz;
-# PARAMETER_SCALES in ld2410s.cpp converts with the same factors
+LD2410SNumber = ld2410s_ns.class_("LD2410SNumber", number.Number)
+
+# The module counts distances in 0.7 m gates and frequencies in tenths of a hertz
 GATE_WIDTH_M = 0.7
 FREQUENCY_SCALE = 0.1
 _DISTANCE_RANGE = {"min_value": 0, "max_value": 16 * GATE_WIDTH_M, "step": GATE_WIDTH_M}
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ _FREQUENCY_RANGE = {"min_value": 0.5, "max_value": 8, "step": 0.5}
 
 def _number_schema(device_class: str, unit: str, icon: str) -> cv.Schema:
     return number.number_schema(
-        number.ApplyNumber,
+        LD2410SNumber,
         device_class=device_class,
         entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
         unit_of_measurement=unit,
@@ -71,19 +72,22 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await numbers(
         CONF_MAX_DISTANCE,
         partial(hub.set_number, Parameter.PARAMETER_MAX_DISTANCE),
-        apply="control_number(entity, value)",
+        Parameter.PARAMETER_MAX_DISTANCE,
+        GATE_WIDTH_M,
         **_DISTANCE_RANGE,
     )
     await numbers(
         CONF_MIN_DISTANCE,
         partial(hub.set_number, Parameter.PARAMETER_MIN_DISTANCE),
-        apply="control_number(entity, value)",
+        Parameter.PARAMETER_MIN_DISTANCE,
+        GATE_WIDTH_M,
         **_DISTANCE_RANGE,
     )
     await numbers(
         CONF_NO_DELAY,
         partial(hub.set_number, Parameter.PARAMETER_NO_DELAY),
-        apply="control_number(entity, value)",
+        Parameter.PARAMETER_NO_DELAY,
+        1,
         min_value=1,
         max_value=120,
         step=1,
@@ -91,12 +95,14 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await numbers(
         CONF_STATUS_REPORTING_FREQUENCY,
         partial(hub.set_number, Parameter.PARAMETER_STATUS_FREQUENCY),
-        apply="control_number(entity, value)",
+        Parameter.PARAMETER_STATUS_FREQUENCY,
+        FREQUENCY_SCALE,
         **_FREQUENCY_RANGE,
     )
     await numbers(
         CONF_DISTANCE_REPORTING_FREQUENCY,
         partial(hub.set_number, Parameter.PARAMETER_DISTANCE_FREQUENCY),
-        apply="control_number(entity, value)",
+        Parameter.PARAMETER_DISTANCE_FREQUENCY,
+        FREQUENCY_SCALE,
         **_FREQUENCY_RANGE,
     )

esphome/components/ld2410s/select.py

@@ -4,16 +4,18 @@ import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-from . import CONF_LD2410S_ID, LD2410SComponent
+from . import CONF_LD2410S_ID, LD2410SComponent, ld2410s_ns
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["ld2410s"]
 
 CONF_RESPONSE_SPEED = "response_speed"
 
+LD2410SSelect = ld2410s_ns.class_("LD2410SSelect", select.Select)
+
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
     cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD2410S_ID): cv.use_id(LD2410SComponent),
     cv.Required(CONF_RESPONSE_SPEED): select.select_schema(
-        select.ApplySelect,
+        LD2410SSelect,
         entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
         icon="mdi:speedometer",
     ),
@@ -25,8 +27,5 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2410S_ID])
     selects = select.sub_selects(config, parent=hub)
     await selects(
-        CONF_RESPONSE_SPEED,
-        hub.set_response_speed_select,
-        options=["Normal", "Fast"],
-        apply="control_response_speed(entity, index)",
+        CONF_RESPONSE_SPEED, hub.set_response_speed_select, options=["Normal", "Fast"]
     )

esphome/components/pipsolar/output/pipsolar_output.cpp

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ void PipsolarOutput::write_state(float state) {
 
   if (std::find(this->possible_values_.begin(), this->possible_values_.end(), state) != this->possible_values_.end()) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Will write: %s out of value %f / %02.0f", tmp, state, state);
-    this->parent_->queue_command(tmp);
+    this->parent_->queue_command(std::string(tmp));
   } else {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Will not write: %s as it is not in list of allowed values", tmp);
   }

esphome/components/pipsolar/pipsolar.cpp

@@ -224,23 +224,17 @@ bool Pipsolar::send_next_poll_() {
   return false;
 }
 
-void Pipsolar::write_switch(bool state, const char *on, const char *off) {
-  const char *command = state ? on : off;
-  if (command != nullptr)
-    this->queue_command(command);
-}
-
-void Pipsolar::queue_command(const char *command) {
+void Pipsolar::queue_command(const std::string &command) {
   uint8_t next_position = command_queue_position_;
   for (uint8_t i = 0; i < COMMAND_QUEUE_LENGTH; i++) {
     uint8_t testposition = (next_position + i) % COMMAND_QUEUE_LENGTH;
     if (command_queue_[testposition].empty()) {
       command_queue_[testposition] = command;
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Command queued successfully: %s at position %d", command, testposition);
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Command queued successfully: %s at position %d", command.c_str(), testposition);
       return;
     }
   }
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Command queue full dropping command: %s", command);
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Command queue full dropping command: %s", command.c_str());
 }
 
 void Pipsolar::handle_poll_response_(ENUMPollingCommand polling_command, const char *message) {

esphome/components/pipsolar/pipsolar.h

@@ -194,10 +194,7 @@ class Pipsolar final : public uart::UARTDevice, public PollingComponent {
   PIPSOLAR_SWITCH(pv_ok_condition_for_parallel_switch, QPIRI)
   PIPSOLAR_SWITCH(pv_power_balance_switch, QPIRI)
 
-  void queue_command(const char *command);
-  void queue_command(const std::string &command) { this->queue_command(command.c_str()); }
-  // A switch write; off is nullptr when the inverter has no off command
-  void write_switch(bool state, const char *on, const char *off);
+  void queue_command(const std::string &command);
   void setup() override;
   void loop() override;
   void dump_config() override;

esphome/components/pipsolar/switch/__init__.py

@@ -1,14 +1,10 @@
-from collections.abc import Callable
-from typing import NamedTuple
-
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import switch
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import ICON_POWER
-from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-from .. import CONF_PIPSOLAR_ID, PIPSOLAR_COMPONENT_SCHEMA
+from .. import CONF_PIPSOLAR_ID, PIPSOLAR_COMPONENT_SCHEMA, pipsolar_ns
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 
@@ -20,55 +16,21 @@ CONF_INPUT_VOLTAGE_RANGE = "input_voltage_range"
 CONF_PV_OK_CONDITION_FOR_PARALLEL = "pv_ok_condition_for_parallel"
 CONF_PV_POWER_BALANCE = "pv_power_balance"
 
-
-class _PipSwitch(NamedTuple):
-    setter: Callable[[MockObj], MockObj]
-    on: str
-    off: str | None  # None when the inverter has no off command
-
-
-# Each switch's hub setter and its on and off commands
 TYPES = {
-    CONF_OUTPUT_SOURCE_PRIORITY_UTILITY: _PipSwitch(
-        lambda hub: hub.set_output_source_priority_utility_switch,
-        "POP00",
-        None,
-    ),
-    CONF_OUTPUT_SOURCE_PRIORITY_SOLAR: _PipSwitch(
-        lambda hub: hub.set_output_source_priority_solar_switch,
-        "POP01",
-        None,
-    ),
-    CONF_OUTPUT_SOURCE_PRIORITY_BATTERY: _PipSwitch(
-        lambda hub: hub.set_output_source_priority_battery_switch,
-        "POP02",
-        None,
-    ),
-    CONF_OUTPUT_SOURCE_PRIORITY_HYBRID: _PipSwitch(
-        lambda hub: hub.set_output_source_priority_hybrid_switch,
-        "POP03",
-        None,
-    ),
-    CONF_INPUT_VOLTAGE_RANGE: _PipSwitch(
-        lambda hub: hub.set_input_voltage_range_switch,
-        "PGR01",
-        "PGR00",
-    ),
-    CONF_PV_OK_CONDITION_FOR_PARALLEL: _PipSwitch(
-        lambda hub: hub.set_pv_ok_condition_for_parallel_switch,
-        "PPVOKC1",
-        "PPVOKC0",
-    ),
-    CONF_PV_POWER_BALANCE: _PipSwitch(
-        lambda hub: hub.set_pv_power_balance_switch,
-        "PSPB1",
-        "PSPB0",
-    ),
+    CONF_OUTPUT_SOURCE_PRIORITY_UTILITY: ("POP00", None),
+    CONF_OUTPUT_SOURCE_PRIORITY_SOLAR: ("POP01", None),
+    CONF_OUTPUT_SOURCE_PRIORITY_BATTERY: ("POP02", None),
+    CONF_OUTPUT_SOURCE_PRIORITY_HYBRID: ("POP03", None),
+    CONF_INPUT_VOLTAGE_RANGE: ("PGR01", "PGR00"),
+    CONF_PV_OK_CONDITION_FOR_PARALLEL: ("PPVOKC1", "PPVOKC0"),
+    CONF_PV_POWER_BALANCE: ("PSPB1", "PSPB0"),
 }
 
+PipsolarSwitch = pipsolar_ns.class_("PipsolarSwitch", switch.Switch, cg.Component)
+
 PIPSWITCH_SCHEMA = switch.switch_schema(
-    switch.ApplySwitch, icon=ICON_POWER, block_inverted=True
-)
+    PipsolarSwitch, icon=ICON_POWER, block_inverted=True
+).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = PIPSOLAR_COMPONENT_SCHEMA.extend(
     {cv.Optional(type): PIPSWITCH_SCHEMA for type in TYPES}
@@ -76,11 +38,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = PIPSOLAR_COMPONENT_SCHEMA.extend(
 
 
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
-    hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_PIPSOLAR_ID])
-    switches = switch.sub_switches(config, parent=hub)
-    # The hub polls the inverter and publishes each switch's state
-    for key, sw in TYPES.items():
-        off_arg = "nullptr" if sw.off is None else f'"{sw.off}"'
-        await switches(
-            key, sw.setter(hub), apply=f'write_switch(state, "{sw.on}", {off_arg})'
-        )
+    paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_PIPSOLAR_ID])
+
+    for type, (on, off) in TYPES.items():
+        if type in config:
+            conf = config[type]
+            var = await switch.new_switch(conf)
+            await cg.register_component(var, conf)
+            cg.add(getattr(paren, f"set_{type}_switch")(var))
+            cg.add(var.set_parent(paren))
+            cg.add(var.set_on_command(on))
+            if off is not None:
+                cg.add(var.set_off_command(off))

esphome/components/pipsolar/switch/pipsolar_switch.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#include "pipsolar_switch.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
+
+namespace esphome::pipsolar {
+
+ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "pipsolar.switch");
+
+void PipsolarSwitch::dump_config() { LOG_SWITCH("", "Pipsolar Switch", this); }
+void PipsolarSwitch::write_state(bool state) {
+  const char *command = state ? this->on_command_ : this->off_command_;
+  if (command != nullptr) {
+    this->parent_->queue_command(command);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::pipsolar

esphome/components/pipsolar/switch/pipsolar_switch.h

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../pipsolar.h"
+#include "esphome/components/switch/switch.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+
+namespace esphome::pipsolar {
+class Pipsolar;
+class PipsolarSwitch final : public switch_::Switch, public Component {
+ public:
+  void set_parent(Pipsolar *parent) { this->parent_ = parent; }
+  void set_on_command(const char *command) { this->on_command_ = command; }
+  void set_off_command(const char *command) { this->off_command_ = command; }
+  /// Prevent accidental use of std::string which would dangle
+  void set_on_command(const std::string &command) = delete;
+  void set_off_command(const std::string &command) = delete;
+  void dump_config() override;
+
+ protected:
+  void write_state(bool state) override;
+  const char *on_command_{nullptr};
+  const char *off_command_{nullptr};
+  Pipsolar *parent_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::pipsolar

esphome/components/web_server/ota/__init__.py

@@ -92,5 +92,9 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await ota_to_code(var, config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     cg.add_define("USE_WEBSERVER_OTA")
+    # web_server and prometheus create the server in an earlier setup(); without them
+    # the handler waits until captive_portal starts it
+    if not {"web_server", "prometheus"} & CORE.config.keys():
+        cg.add_define("USE_WEBSERVER_BASE_PENDING_HANDLER")
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         add_idf_component(name="zorxx/multipart-parser", ref="1.0.1")

esphome/components/web_server_base/__init__.py

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add(cg.RawExpression(f"{web_server_base_ns}::global_web_server_base = {var}"))
 
     if CORE.is_esp32:
-        # Count for StaticVector in web_server_idf - matches headers added in init()
+        # Count for StaticVector in web_server_idf - matches headers added in create_server_()
         cg.add_define("WEB_SERVER_DEFAULT_HEADERS_COUNT", 1)
         return
 

esphome/components/web_server_base/web_server_base.cpp

@@ -15,10 +15,29 @@ void WebServerBase::add_handler(AsyncWebHandler *handler) {
 }
 
 void WebServerBase::add_handler_without_auth(AsyncWebHandler *handler) {
-  this->handlers_.push_back(handler);
-  if (this->server_ != nullptr) {
-    this->server_->addHandler(handler);
+  if (this->server_ == nullptr) {
+#ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_BASE_PENDING_HANDLER
+    if (this->pending_handler_ == nullptr) {
+      this->pending_handler_ = handler;
+      return;
+    }
+#endif
+    // Nowhere for it to wait: create the server now, after the waiting handler to keep the order
+    this->create_server_();
   }
+  this->server_->addHandler(handler);
+}
+
+void WebServerBase::create_server_() {
+  this->server_ = new AsyncWebServer(this->port_);
+  // All content is controlled and created by user - so allowing all origins is fine here.
+  // NOTE: Currently 1 header. If more are added, update in __init__.py:
+  //   cg.add_define("WEB_SERVER_DEFAULT_HEADERS_COUNT", 1)
+  DefaultHeaders::Instance().addHeader(ESPHOME_F("Access-Control-Allow-Origin"), ESPHOME_F("*"));
+#ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_BASE_PENDING_HANDLER
+  if (this->pending_handler_ != nullptr)
+    this->server_->addHandler(this->pending_handler_);
+#endif
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::web_server_base

esphome/components/web_server_base/web_server_base.h

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #if defined(USE_NETWORK) && !defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && !defined(USE_HOST)
-#include <vector>
-
 #include "esphome/core/progmem.h"
 
 #if USE_ESP32
@@ -115,26 +113,14 @@ class WebServerBase final {
   // The AsyncWebServer is created once and intentionally never deleted: on Arduino
   // platforms ESPAsyncWebServer owns its registered handlers, so destroying it would
   // also destroy live components (e.g. the captive portal) out from under us.
-  // init()/deinit() refcount users and start/stop the listener; handlers are
-  // registered once at creation and survive listener restarts.
+  // init()/deinit() refcount users and start/stop the listener; handlers stay
+  // registered across listener restarts.
   void init() {
-    this->initialized_++;
-    if (this->server_ != nullptr) {
-      if (this->initialized_ == 1) {
-        // Restart the listener after a previous deinit()
-        this->server_->begin();
-      }
+    if (++this->initialized_ != 1)
       return;
-    }
-    this->server_ = new AsyncWebServer(this->port_);
-    // All content is controlled and created by user - so allowing all origins is fine here.
-    // NOTE: Currently 1 header. If more are added, update in __init__.py:
-    //   cg.add_define("WEB_SERVER_DEFAULT_HEADERS_COUNT", 1)
-    DefaultHeaders::Instance().addHeader(ESPHOME_F("Access-Control-Allow-Origin"), ESPHOME_F("*"));
+    if (this->server_ == nullptr)
+      this->create_server_();
     this->server_->begin();
-
-    for (auto *handler : this->handlers_)
-      this->server_->addHandler(handler);
   }
   void deinit() {
     if (this->initialized_ == 0)
@@ -169,10 +155,15 @@ class WebServerBase final {
   uint16_t get_port() const { return port_; }
 
  protected:
+  void create_server_();
+
   uint8_t initialized_{0};
   uint16_t port_{80};  // Keep in sync with DEFAULT_PORT in web_server/__init__.py
   AsyncWebServer *server_{nullptr};
-  std::vector<AsyncWebHandler *> handlers_;
+#ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_BASE_PENDING_HANDLER
+  // Web OTA's handler when it is added before any component created the server
+  AsyncWebHandler *pending_handler_{nullptr};
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH
   internal::Credentials credentials_;
 #endif

esphome/components/zephyr_ble_server/__init__.py

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ from dataclasses import dataclass
 
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components.const import CONF_ACCEPT, CONF_ON_NUMERIC_COMPARISON_REQUEST
 from esphome.components.nrf52.framework import (
     bluetooth_west_projects,
     include_west_project,
@@ -55,6 +54,8 @@ def request_ble_l2cap_mtu(l2cap_mtu: int) -> None:
 zephyr_ble_server_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("zephyr_ble_server")
 BLEServer = zephyr_ble_server_ns.class_("BLEServer", cg.Component)
 
+CONF_ON_NUMERIC_COMPARISON_REQUEST = "on_numeric_comparison_request"
+CONF_ACCEPT = "accept"
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.Schema(

esphome/core/defines.h

@@ -561,6 +561,7 @@
 #define USE_WEBSERVER_PRIVATE_NETWORK_ACCESS
 #define USE_WEBSERVER_VERSION 3
 #define WEB_SERVER_DEFAULT_HEADERS_COUNT 1
+#define USE_WEBSERVER_BASE_PENDING_HANDLER
 #define USE_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_GZIP
 #endif
 #define USE_WIFI_11KV_SUPPORT
@@ -740,6 +741,7 @@
 #define USE_WEBSERVER_VERSION 2
 #define USE_WEBSERVER_LOCAL
 #define USE_WEBSERVER_OTA
+#define USE_WEBSERVER_BASE_PENDING_HANDLER
 #define USE_WEBSERVER_OTA_DISABLED
 #endif
 

tests/component_tests/sendspin/config/switch_enabled.yaml

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-esphome:
-  name: test
-
-esp32:
-  board: esp32dev
-  framework:
-    type: esp-idf
-
-wifi:
-  ap:
-
-sendspin:
-
-switch:
-  - platform: sendspin
-    type: enabled
-    id: sendspin_enabled
-    name: Sendspin Enabled

tests/component_tests/sendspin/config/switch_enabled_disabled_restore.yaml

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-esphome:
-  name: test
-
-esp32:
-  board: esp32dev
-  framework:
-    type: esp-idf
-
-wifi:
-  ap:
-
-sendspin:
-
-switch:
-  - platform: sendspin
-    type: enabled
-    id: sendspin_enabled
-    name: Sendspin Enabled
-    restore_mode: DISABLED

tests/component_tests/sendspin/test_enabled_switch.py

@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-"""Code generation tests for the enabled switch.
-
-The client stays stopped until the hub has an enabled state: codegen sets it when
-no enabled switch is configured, and the switch answers from its restore otherwise.
-"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-from collections.abc import Callable
-from pathlib import Path
-
-import pytest
-
-GenerateMain = Callable[[str | Path], str]
-ConfigPath = Callable[[str], Path]
-
-
-def test_without_switch_codegen_enables_the_client(
-    generate_main: GenerateMain, component_config_path: ConfigPath
-) -> None:
-    """With no enabled switch, nothing else would start the client."""
-    main_cpp = generate_main(component_config_path("device_info_default.yaml"))
-
-    assert "->set_enabled(true);" in main_cpp
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    ("config", "restore_mode"),
-    [
-        ("switch_enabled.yaml", "SWITCH_RESTORE_DEFAULT_ON"),
-        ("switch_enabled_disabled_restore.yaml", "SWITCH_RESTORE_DISABLED"),
-    ],
-)
-def test_switch_answers_the_hub(
-    generate_main: GenerateMain,
-    component_config_path: ConfigPath,
-    config: str,
-    restore_mode: str,
-) -> None:
-    """The hub waits for the switch's restore instead of being enabled by codegen."""
-    main_cpp = generate_main(component_config_path(config))
-
-    assert "->set_enabled(true);" not in main_cpp
-    assert f"sendspin_enabled->set_restore_mode(switch_::{restore_mode});" in main_cpp
-    assert "App.register_switch(sendspin_enabled," in main_cpp

tests/component_tests/web_server/config/pending_handler_captive_portal.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp8266:
+  board: d1_mini
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: test
+  password: testtest
+  ap:
+    password: testtest
+
+captive_portal:

tests/component_tests/web_server/config/pending_handler_prometheus.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp8266:
+  board: d1_mini
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: test
+  password: testtest
+  ap:
+    password: testtest
+
+captive_portal:
+
+prometheus:

tests/component_tests/web_server/config/pending_handler_web_server.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp8266:
+  board: d1_mini
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: test
+  password: testtest
+  ap:
+    password: testtest
+
+captive_portal:
+
+web_server:

tests/component_tests/web_server/test_pending_handler.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+"""Tests for when web OTA's handler waits in WebServerBase for the server to be created."""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.core import CORE
+
+_PENDING = "USE_WEBSERVER_BASE_PENDING_HANDLER"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("config_file", "pending"),
+    [
+        # captive_portal loads web OTA, and with it the web_server package, but only
+        # creates the server when the AP starts
+        ("pending_handler_captive_portal.yaml", True),
+        ("pending_handler_web_server.yaml", False),
+        ("pending_handler_prometheus.yaml", False),
+    ],
+)
+def test_pending_handler_define(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+    config_file: str,
+    pending: bool,
+) -> None:
+    """Only configs where nothing creates the server before web OTA's setup() keep the pointer."""
+    generate_main(component_config_path(config_file))
+    defines = {define.name for define in CORE.defines}
+
+    assert "USE_WEBSERVER_OTA" in defines
+    assert (_PENDING in defines) is pending

tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2410s.yaml

@@ -74,22 +74,6 @@ uart_mock:
       inject_rx: [0xFD, 0xFC, 0xFB, 0xFA, 0x04, 0x00, 0x70, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01]
     - expect_tx: [0xFD, 0xFC, 0xFB, 0xFA, 0x02, 0x00, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01]
       inject_rx: [0xFD, 0xFC, 0xFB, 0xFA, 0x04, 0x00, 0xFE, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01]
-    # Then the response speed Fast: the same values with speed 10, acknowledged
-    - expect_tx:
-        [
-          0xFD, 0xFC, 0xFB, 0xFA, 0x26, 0x00, 0x70, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x00,
-          0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x50, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-          0x0C, 0x00, 0x50, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01,
-        ]
-      inject_rx: [0xFD, 0xFC, 0xFB, 0xFA, 0x04, 0x00, 0x70, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01]
-    # Then no delay 20 s, rejected with ack 1: the component reads the module's values back
-    - expect_tx:
-        [
-          0xFD, 0xFC, 0xFB, 0xFA, 0x26, 0x00, 0x70, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x00,
-          0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00, 0x14, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x50, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-          0x0C, 0x00, 0x50, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01,
-        ]
-      inject_rx: [0xFD, 0xFC, 0xFB, 0xFA, 0x04, 0x00, 0x70, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01]
   injections:
     # Short frame, state 2 (target), distance 300 -> presence on
     - delay: 100ms
@@ -153,14 +137,6 @@ number:
       name: "Max Distance"
     no_delay:
       name: "No Delay"
-    status_reporting_frequency:
-      name: "Status Reporting Frequency"
-
-select:
-  - platform: ld2410s
-    ld2410s_id: ld2410s_dev
-    response_speed:
-      name: "Response Speed"
 
 button:
   - platform: template

tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2410s_recovery.yaml

@@ -92,19 +92,6 @@ binary_sensor:
     has_target:
       name: "Has Target"
 
-# Commanded before the module answered: the changes are ignored and nothing is published
-number:
-  - platform: ld2410s
-    ld2410s_id: ld2410s_dev
-    max_distance:
-      name: "Max Distance"
-
-select:
-  - platform: ld2410s
-    ld2410s_id: ld2410s_dev
-    response_speed:
-      name: "Response Speed"
-
 button:
   - platform: template
     name: "Start Scenario"

tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2410s.py

@@ -5,15 +5,9 @@ test_uart_mock_ld2410s:
      switch and config-mode end go out in order, each after the previous one is
      acknowledged, then the component logs "Setup done" and clears its warning;
      the version and parameter answers are parsed and logged
-  1a. The numbers show the values read at init in their own units (gates of 0.7 m,
-     seconds, tenths of a hertz) and the response speed select shows Normal
-  1b. Setting the max distance number to 7.3 m writes all six parameters (gate 10
+  1b. Setting the max distance number to 7 m writes all six parameters (gate 10
      plus the values read at init) inside a configuration-mode session, and the
-     number reports the 7 m the module got, not 7.3 m
-  1c. Selecting the Fast response speed writes speed 10 with the same values and
-     the select reports Fast
-  1d. Setting no delay to 20 s reports 20 s at once; the module rejects the write,
-     so the values are read back and every entity shows the module's own value again
+     number reports 7 m
   2. Presence from short frames (states 0/1 off, 2/3 on) and from a standard
      data frame
   3. Resync - a noise byte or a partial header directly before a short frame
@@ -22,8 +16,6 @@ test_uart_mock_ld2410s:
      dropped without publishing, and the short frame after each still publishes
 
 test_uart_mock_ld2410s_recovery (the mock never answers the init commands):
-  0. A number or select changed before the module answered logs that the change
-     is ignored and publishes nothing
   1. Config-mode start is resent after the acknowledgement timeout
   2. Once the retries run out, config-mode end is sent and the component warns
      that it is starting over
@@ -44,19 +36,9 @@ test_uart_mock_ld2410s_link_lost:
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import asyncio
-from collections.abc import Callable
 import re
 
-from aioesphomeapi import (
-    APIClient,
-    ButtonInfo,
-    EntityInfo,
-    EntityState,
-    NumberInfo,
-    NumberState,
-    SelectInfo,
-    SelectState,
-)
+from aioesphomeapi import APIClient, ButtonInfo, EntityState, NumberInfo, NumberState
 import pytest
 
 from .log_utils import LineWaiter
@@ -84,20 +66,12 @@ INIT_TX = [
     OUTPUT_MODE_TX,
     CONFIG_END_TX,
 ]
-
-
-def _parameters_write_tx(no_delay: int, speed: int) -> str:
-    """The 0x0070 write with max gate 10, min gate 0 and both frequencies 80."""
-    values = [(0x05, 10), (0x0A, 0), (0x06, no_delay), (0x02, 80), (0x0C, 80)]
-    body = "".join(f"{key:02X}:00:{value:02X}:00:00:00:" for key, value in values)
-    return f"FD:FC:FB:FA:26:00:70:00:{body}0B:00:{speed:02X}:00:00:00:04:03:02:01"
-
-
-WRITE_TX = [CONFIG_START_TX, _parameters_write_tx(10, 5), CONFIG_END_TX]
-# The same values with response speed 10 (Fast)
-SPEED_WRITE_TX = [CONFIG_START_TX, _parameters_write_tx(10, 10), CONFIG_END_TX]
-# No delay 20 s; the fixture rejects it
-REJECTED_WRITE_TX = [CONFIG_START_TX, _parameters_write_tx(20, 10), CONFIG_END_TX]
+# All six parameters: max gate 10, min gate 0, no delay 10, both frequencies 80, speed 5
+PARAMETERS_WRITE_TX = (
+    "FD:FC:FB:FA:26:00:70:00:05:00:0A:00:00:00:0A:00:00:00:00:00:06:00:0A:00:00:00:02:00:50:00:00:00:"
+    "0C:00:50:00:00:00:0B:00:05:00:00:00:04:03:02:01"
+)
+WRITE_TX = [CONFIG_START_TX, PARAMETERS_WRITE_TX, CONFIG_END_TX]
 # Logged once the version and parameter answers are parsed
 PARSED_ANSWERS = [
     "Firmware 1.2.3",
@@ -143,20 +117,13 @@ def _tx_frame(line: str) -> str | None:
     return ANSI_ESCAPE.sub("", line.split("bytes: ", 1)[1]).strip()
 
 
-async def _start_scenario(
-    client: APIClient,
-    collector: SensorStateCollector,
-    on_state: Callable[[EntityState], None] | None = None,
-) -> list[EntityInfo]:
-    """Subscribe past the initial states, then start the mock scenario; returns the entities."""
+async def _start_scenario(client: APIClient, collector: SensorStateCollector) -> None:
+    """Subscribe the collector past the initial states, then start the mock scenario."""
     entities, _ = await client.list_entities_services()
     collector.build_key_mapping(entities)
-    await subscribe_after_initial_states(
-        client, entities, on_state=on_state or collector.on_state
-    )
+    await subscribe_after_initial_states(client, entities, on_state=collector.on_state)
     start_btn = require_entity(entities, "start_scenario", ButtonInfo)
     client.button_command(start_btn.key)
-    return entities
 
 
 async def _wait_for_presence(
@@ -189,15 +156,12 @@ async def test_uart_mock_ld2410s(
     collector = SensorStateCollector(
         sensor_names=["distance"], binary_sensor_names=["has_target"]
     )
-    number_states: dict[int, list[float]] = {}
-    select_states: list[str] = []
+    number_states: list[float] = []
 
     def on_state(state: EntityState) -> None:
         collector.on_state(state)
-        if isinstance(state, NumberState):
-            number_states.setdefault(state.key, []).append(state.state)
-        if isinstance(state, SelectState):
-            select_states.append(state.state)
+        if isinstance(state, NumberState) and state.key == max_distance_key:
+            number_states.append(state.state)
 
     all_presence = collector.add_waiter(
         lambda: len(collector.binary_states["has_target"]) >= len(EXPECTED_PRESENCE)
@@ -227,28 +191,16 @@ async def test_uart_mock_ld2410s(
         collector.build_key_mapping(entities)
         max_distance_key = require_entity(entities, "max_distance", NumberInfo).key
         sub = await subscribe_after_initial_states(client, entities, on_state=on_state)
-        # The values read from the module: gate 16, 10 s, 80 tenths of a hertz, speed 5
+        # The values read from the module: gate 16 and 10 s
         no_delay_key = require_entity(entities, "no_delay", NumberInfo).key
-        frequency_key = require_entity(
-            entities, "status_reporting_frequency", NumberInfo
-        ).key
-        speed_key = require_entity(entities, "response_speed", SelectInfo).key
         initial = sub.initial_states
         assert initial[max_distance_key].state == pytest.approx(11.2)
         assert initial[no_delay_key].state == pytest.approx(10)
-        assert initial[frequency_key].state == pytest.approx(8.0)
-        assert initial[speed_key].state == "Normal"
 
-        # 7.3 m is between gates 10 and 11: gate 10 is written and 7 m reported
-        client.number_command(max_distance_key, 7.3)
+        client.number_command(max_distance_key, 7.0)
         await waiter.wait_count(TX_LINE, 9, 5.0, "Parameter write not sent")
         assert tx_frames()[6:9] == WRITE_TX, tx_frames()
-        assert number_states[max_distance_key] == [pytest.approx(7.0)]
-
-        client.select_command(speed_key, "Fast")
-        await waiter.wait_count(TX_LINE, 12, 5.0, "Response speed write not sent")
-        assert tx_frames()[9:12] == SPEED_WRITE_TX, tx_frames()
-        assert select_states == ["Fast"]
+        assert number_states == [pytest.approx(7.0)]
 
         start_btn = require_entity(entities, "start_scenario", ButtonInfo)
         client.button_command(start_btn.key)
@@ -266,29 +218,7 @@ async def test_uart_mock_ld2410s(
         # A target 300 cm away, then none: the distance follows the presence
         assert collector.sensor_states["distance"][:2] == [300, 0]
         # Data frames must not restart the init sequence
-        assert len(tx_frames()) == 12, tx_frames()
-
-        # A rejected write leaves configuration mode and reads the module's values back
-        read_back = waiter.expect("Parameters: gates 0 to 16, no delay 10 s")
-        client.number_command(no_delay_key, 20)
-        await wait_or_fail(read_back, 5.0, "Values not read back", tx_frames=tx_frames)
-
-        async def republished() -> None:
-            while (
-                len(number_states.get(no_delay_key, ())) < 2
-                or len(number_states.get(max_distance_key, ())) < 2
-                or len(select_states) < 2
-            ):
-                await asyncio.sleep(0.01)
-
-        await wait_or_fail(republished(), 5.0, "Read-back values not published")
-        assert tx_frames()[12:15] == REJECTED_WRITE_TX, tx_frames()
-        assert number_states[no_delay_key] == [pytest.approx(20), pytest.approx(10)]
-        assert number_states[max_distance_key] == [
-            pytest.approx(7.0),
-            pytest.approx(11.2),
-        ]
-        assert select_states == ["Fast", "Normal"]
+        assert len(tx_frames()) == 9, tx_frames()
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -304,14 +234,10 @@ async def test_uart_mock_ld2410s_recovery(
     gave_up = loop.create_future()
     oversized_dropped = loop.create_future()
     footer_mismatches: list[str] = []
-    ignored_changes = 0
 
     def line_callback(line: str) -> None:
-        nonlocal ignored_changes
         if (frame := _tx_frame(line)) is not None:
             tx_frames.append((loop.time(), frame))
-        if "Parameters not read yet, change ignored" in line:
-            ignored_changes += 1
         if "No acknowledgement for command 00FF, resending" in line and not (
             resent.done()
         ):
@@ -341,25 +267,12 @@ async def test_uart_mock_ld2410s_recovery(
             >= len(EXPECTED_RECOVERY_PRESENCE)
         )
     )
-    setting_states: list[EntityState] = []
-
-    def on_state(state: EntityState) -> None:
-        collector.on_state(state)
-        if isinstance(state, (NumberState, SelectState)):
-            setting_states.append(state)
 
     async with (
         run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=line_callback),
         api_client_connected() as client,
     ):
-        entities = await _start_scenario(client, collector, on_state)
-        # The module never answered, so both changes are refused and nothing is published
-        client.number_command(
-            require_entity(entities, "max_distance", NumberInfo).key, 7.0
-        )
-        client.select_command(
-            require_entity(entities, "response_speed", SelectInfo).key, "Fast"
-        )
+        await _start_scenario(client, collector)
         await _wait_for_presence(collector, all_presence)
         await wait_or_fail(
             asyncio.gather(resent, gave_up),
@@ -373,8 +286,6 @@ async def test_uart_mock_ld2410s_recovery(
         # Recovery shows in the published states alone; the footer log below is
         # only a cross-check that needs the fixture's VERBOSE logger level
         assert collector.binary_states["has_target"] == EXPECTED_RECOVERY_PRESENCE
-        assert ignored_changes == 2
-        assert setting_states == []
         assert oversized_dropped.done(), "Oversized length field was not dropped"
         assert footer_mismatches == [TRUNCATED_FRAME_HEX, BAD_COMMAND_FRAME_HEX]