[libretiny] Update LibreTiny to v1.13.0 (#17288)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

.github/actions/restore-python/action.yml

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ runs:
         python-version: ${{ inputs.python-version }}
     - name: Restore Python virtual environment
       id: cache-venv
-      uses: actions/cache/restore@2c8a9bd7457de244a408f35966fab2fb45fda9c8 # v6.0.0
+      uses: actions/cache/restore@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9 # v6.1.0
       with:
         path: venv
         # yamllint disable-line rule:line-length

.github/workflows/ci-api-proto.yml

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@ece7cb06caefa5fff74198d8649806c4678c61a1 # v6.3.0
         with:
-          python-version: "3.11"
+          python-version: "3.12"
       - name: Set up uv
         # ``--system`` (below) installs into the setup-python interpreter;
         # no venv is created or restored by this workflow.

.github/workflows/ci-docker.yml

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@ece7cb06caefa5fff74198d8649806c4678c61a1 # v6.3.0
         with:
-          python-version: "3.11"
+          python-version: "3.12"
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
         uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@d7f5e7f509e45cec5c76c4d5afdd7de93d0b3df5 # v4.1.0
 
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@ece7cb06caefa5fff74198d8649806c4678c61a1 # v6.3.0
         with:
-          python-version: "3.11"
+          python-version: "3.12"
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
         uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@d7f5e7f509e45cec5c76c4d5afdd7de93d0b3df5 # v4.1.0
 

.github/workflows/ci-memory-impact-comment.yml

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ jobs:
         if: steps.pr.outputs.skip != 'true'
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:
-          python-version: "3.11"
+          python-version: "3.12"
           cache-key: ${{ hashFiles('.cache-key') }}
 
       - name: Download memory analysis artifacts

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ permissions:
   contents: read  # actions/checkout for all jobs; individual jobs add their own scopes when they need to write
 
 env:
-  DEFAULT_PYTHON: "3.11"
-  PYUPGRADE_TARGET: "--py311-plus"
+  DEFAULT_PYTHON: "3.12"
+  PYUPGRADE_TARGET: "--py312-plus"
 
 concurrency:
   # yamllint disable-line rule:line-length
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:
           python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
       - name: Restore Python virtual environment
         id: cache-venv
-        uses: actions/cache@2c8a9bd7457de244a408f35966fab2fb45fda9c8 # v6.0.0
+        uses: actions/cache@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9 # v6.1.0
         with:
           path: venv
           # yamllint disable-line rule:line-length
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         python-version:
-          - "3.11"
+          - "3.12"
           - "3.13"
           - "3.14"
         os:
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ jobs:
           token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
       - name: Save Python virtual environment cache
         if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev'
-        uses: actions/cache/save@2c8a9bd7457de244a408f35966fab2fb45fda9c8 # v6.0.0
+        uses: actions/cache/save@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9 # v6.1.0
         with:
           path: venv
           key: ${{ runner.os }}-${{ steps.restore-python.outputs.python-version }}-venv-${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ jobs:
           python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
           cache-key: ${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
       - name: Restore components graph cache
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@2c8a9bd7457de244a408f35966fab2fb45fda9c8 # v6.0.0
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9 # v6.1.0
         with:
           path: .temp/components_graph.json
           key: components-graph-${{ hashFiles('esphome/components/**/*.py') }}
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ jobs:
           echo "benchmarks=$(echo "$output" | jq -r '.benchmarks')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
       - name: Save components graph cache
         if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev'
-        uses: actions/cache/save@2c8a9bd7457de244a408f35966fab2fb45fda9c8 # v6.0.0
+        uses: actions/cache/save@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9 # v6.1.0
         with:
           path: .temp/components_graph.json
           key: components-graph-${{ hashFiles('esphome/components/**/*.py') }}
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ jobs:
           python-version: "3.13"
       - name: Restore Python virtual environment
         id: cache-venv
-        uses: actions/cache@2c8a9bd7457de244a408f35966fab2fb45fda9c8 # v6.0.0
+        uses: actions/cache@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9 # v6.1.0
         with:
           path: venv
           key: ${{ runner.os }}-${{ steps.python.outputs.python-version }}-venv-${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
@@ -509,14 +509,14 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Cache platformio
         if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev' && matrix.pio_cache_key
-        uses: actions/cache@2c8a9bd7457de244a408f35966fab2fb45fda9c8 # v6.0.0
+        uses: actions/cache@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9 # v6.1.0
         with:
           path: ~/.platformio
           key: platformio-${{ matrix.pio_cache_key }}-${{ hashFiles('platformio.ini') }}
 
       - name: Cache platformio
         if: github.ref != 'refs/heads/dev' && matrix.pio_cache_key
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@2c8a9bd7457de244a408f35966fab2fb45fda9c8 # v6.0.0
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9 # v6.1.0
         with:
           path: ~/.platformio
           key: platformio-${{ matrix.pio_cache_key }}-${{ hashFiles('platformio.ini') }}
@@ -820,7 +820,7 @@ jobs:
         run: echo ${{ matrix.components }}
 
       - name: Cache apt packages
-        uses: awalsh128/cache-apt-pkgs-action@acb598e5ddbc6f68a970c5da0688d2f3a9f04d05 # v1.5.3
+        uses: awalsh128/cache-apt-pkgs-action@acb598e5ddbc6f68a970c5da0688d2f3a9f04d05 # v1.6.0
         with:
           packages: libsdl2-dev ccache
           version: 1.1
@@ -1098,7 +1098,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Restore cached memory analysis
         id: cache-memory-analysis
         if: steps.check-script.outputs.skip != 'true' && steps.check-tests.outputs.skip != 'true'
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@2c8a9bd7457de244a408f35966fab2fb45fda9c8 # v6.0.0
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9 # v6.1.0
         with:
           path: memory-analysis-target.json
           key: ${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.cache-key }}
@@ -1122,7 +1122,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Cache platformio
         if: steps.check-script.outputs.skip != 'true' && steps.check-tests.outputs.skip != 'true' && steps.cache-memory-analysis.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@2c8a9bd7457de244a408f35966fab2fb45fda9c8 # v6.0.0
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9 # v6.1.0
         with:
           path: ~/.platformio
           key: platformio-memory-${{ fromJSON(needs.determine-jobs.outputs.memory_impact).platform }}-${{ hashFiles('platformio.ini') }}
@@ -1164,7 +1164,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Save memory analysis to cache
         if: steps.check-script.outputs.skip != 'true' && steps.check-tests.outputs.skip != 'true' && steps.cache-memory-analysis.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' && steps.build.outcome == 'success'
-        uses: actions/cache/save@2c8a9bd7457de244a408f35966fab2fb45fda9c8 # v6.0.0
+        uses: actions/cache/save@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9 # v6.1.0
         with:
           path: memory-analysis-target.json
           key: ${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.cache-key }}
@@ -1211,7 +1211,7 @@ jobs:
           python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
           cache-key: ${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
       - name: Cache platformio
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@2c8a9bd7457de244a408f35966fab2fb45fda9c8 # v6.0.0
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@55cc8345863c7cc4c66a329aec7e433d2d1c52a9 # v6.1.0
         with:
           path: ~/.platformio
           key: platformio-memory-${{ fromJSON(needs.determine-jobs.outputs.memory_impact).platform }}-${{ hashFiles('platformio.ini') }}

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@ece7cb06caefa5fff74198d8649806c4678c61a1 # v6.3.0
         with:
-          python-version: "3.11"
+          python-version: "3.12"
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
         uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@d7f5e7f509e45cec5c76c4d5afdd7de93d0b3df5 # v4.1.0

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ repos:
     rev: v3.21.2
     hooks:
       - id: pyupgrade
-        args: [--py311-plus]
+        args: [--py312-plus]
   - repo: https://github.com/adrienverge/yamllint.git
     rev: v1.37.1
     hooks:

AGENTS.md

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ This document provides essential context for AI models interacting with this pro
 
 ## 2. Core Technologies & Stack
 
-*   **Languages:** Python (>=3.11), C++ (gnu++20)
+*   **Languages:** Python (>=3.12), C++ (gnu++20)
 *   **Frameworks & Runtimes:** PlatformIO, Arduino, ESP-IDF.
 *   **Build Systems:** PlatformIO is the primary build system. CMake is used as an alternative.
 *   **Configuration:** YAML.
@@ -709,3 +709,9 @@ This document provides essential context for AI models interacting with this pro
         _LOGGER.warning(f"'{CONF_OLD_KEY}' deprecated, use '{CONF_NEW_KEY}'. Removed in 2026.6.0")
         config[CONF_NEW_KEY] = config.pop(CONF_OLD_KEY)  # Auto-migrate
     ```
+## 9. English Language
+
+The project uses English for non-code content. When drafting documentation, code comments, commit messages,
+PR descriptions, and similar text, avoid technical jargon. Instead, express concepts in plain English,
+using standard technical terms only when required. Ensure the text is readily comprehensible to a wide
+audience, including non-native English speakers.

CODEOWNERS

@@ -123,6 +123,7 @@ esphome/components/cs5460a/* @balrog-kun
 esphome/components/cse7761/* @berfenger
 esphome/components/cst226/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/cst816/* @clydebarrow
+esphome/components/cst9220/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/ct_clamp/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/current_based/* @djwmarcx
 esphome/components/dac7678/* @NickB1
@@ -266,6 +267,7 @@ esphome/components/integration/* @OttoWinter
 esphome/components/internal_temperature/* @Mat931
 esphome/components/interval/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/ir_rf_proxy/* @kbx81
+esphome/components/it8951/* @koosoli @limengdu @Passific
 esphome/components/jsn_sr04t/* @Mafus1
 esphome/components/json/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/kamstrup_kmp/* @cfeenstra1024
@@ -385,6 +387,7 @@ esphome/components/pcm5122/* @remcom
 esphome/components/pi4ioe5v6408/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/pid/* @OttoWinter
 esphome/components/pipsolar/* @andreashergert1984
+esphome/components/pixoo/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/pm1006/* @habbie
 esphome/components/pm2005/* @andrewjswan
 esphome/components/pmsa003i/* @sjtrny
@@ -404,6 +407,7 @@ esphome/components/psram/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/pulse_meter/* @cstaahl @stevebaxter @TrentHouliston
 esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/* @pasiz
 esphome/components/pylontech/* @functionpointer
+esphome/components/qmi8658/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/qmp6988/* @andrewpc
 esphome/components/qr_code/* @wjtje
 esphome/components/qspi_dbi/* @clydebarrow

docker/Dockerfile

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ RUN \
     -r /requirements.txt
 
 # Install the ESPHome Device Builder dashboard.
-RUN uv pip install --no-cache-dir esphome-device-builder==1.0.19
+RUN uv pip install --no-cache-dir esphome-device-builder==1.0.22
 
 RUN \
     platformio settings set enable_telemetry No \

docker/test_configs/ln882x-arduino.yaml

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ esphome:
   name: docker-test-ln882x-arduino
 
 ln882x:
-  board: generic-ln882hki
+  board: generic-ln882h
 
 logger:

esphome/__main__.py

@@ -1488,12 +1488,29 @@ _LEGACY_REDACTION_REMOVAL = "2026.12.0"
 
 def _redact_with_legacy_fallback(output: str) -> str:
     unmarked: set[str] = set()
+    # Track the top-level ``substitutions:`` block. Its keys are arbitrary
+    # user-chosen names with no schema validator, so the ``cv.sensitive(...)``
+    # migration named in the warning can't be applied to them. Their values are
+    # still redacted, but emitting the (unactionable) deprecation warning would
+    # only confuse users.
+    in_substitutions = False
 
-    def _replace(m: re.Match[str]) -> str:
-        unmarked.add(m.group("key"))
-        return f"{m.group('key')}: \\033[8m{m.group('val')}\\033[28m"
-
-    output = _LEGACY_REDACTION_RE.sub(_replace, output)
+    lines = output.split("\n")
+    for i, line in enumerate(lines):
+        # A non-indented, non-blank line is a top-level key that opens or
+        # closes the substitutions block.
+        if line and not line[0].isspace():
+            in_substitutions = line.startswith(f"{CONF_SUBSTITUTIONS}:")
+        m = _LEGACY_REDACTION_RE.search(line)
+        if m is None:
+            continue
+        if not in_substitutions:
+            unmarked.add(m.group("key"))
+        lines[i] = (
+            f"{line[: m.start()]}{m.group('key')}: "
+            f"\\033[8m{m.group('val')}\\033[28m{line[m.end() :]}"
+        )
+    output = "\n".join(lines)
     for key in sorted(unmarked):
         _LOGGER.warning(
             "Field '%s' is being redacted by a legacy substring heuristic. "

esphome/async_thread.py

@@ -12,12 +12,9 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import asyncio
 from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable
 import threading
-from typing import Generic, TypeVar
-
-_T = TypeVar("_T")
 
 
-class AsyncThreadRunner(threading.Thread, Generic[_T]):
+class AsyncThreadRunner[T](threading.Thread):
     """Run an async coroutine in a daemon thread and expose its result.
 
     The runner catches all exceptions from the coroutine and stores them in
@@ -35,10 +32,10 @@ class AsyncThreadRunner(threading.Thread, Generic[_T]):
         result = runner.result
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, coro_factory: Callable[[], Awaitable[_T]]) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, coro_factory: Callable[[], Awaitable[T]]) -> None:
         super().__init__(daemon=True)
         self._coro_factory = coro_factory
-        self.result: _T | None = None
+        self.result: T | None = None
         self.exception: BaseException | None = None
         self.event = threading.Event()
 

esphome/components/a01nyub/a01nyub.cpp

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ void A01nyubComponent::check_buffer_() {
   if (this->buffer_[3] == checksum) {
     float distance = (this->buffer_[1] << 8) + this->buffer_[2];
     if (distance > 280) {
-      float meters = distance / 1000.0;
+      float meters = distance / 1000.0f;
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Distance from sensor: %f mm, %f m", distance, meters);
       this->publish_state(meters);
     } else {

esphome/components/ac_dimmer/ac_dimmer.cpp

@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ void AcDimmer::setup() {
 }
 
 void AcDimmer::write_state(float state) {
-  state = std::acos(1 - (2 * state)) / std::numbers::pi;  // RMS power compensation
+  state = std::acos(1 - (2 * state)) / std::numbers::pi_v<float>;  // RMS power compensation
   auto new_value = static_cast<uint16_t>(roundf(state * 65535));
   if (new_value != 0 && this->store_.value == 0)
     this->store_.init_cycle = this->init_with_half_cycle_;

esphome/components/am43/cover/am43_cover.cpp

@@ -114,13 +114,13 @@ void Am43Component::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
       this->decoder_->decode(param->notify.value, param->notify.value_len);
 
       if (this->decoder_->has_position()) {
-        this->position = ((float) this->decoder_->position_ / 100.0);
+        this->position = ((float) this->decoder_->position_ / 100.0f);
         if (!this->invert_position_)
           this->position = 1 - this->position;
-        if (this->position > 0.97)
-          this->position = 1.0;
-        if (this->position < 0.02)
-          this->position = 0.0;
+        if (this->position > 0.97f)
+          this->position = 1.0f;
+        if (this->position < 0.02f)
+          this->position = 0.0f;
         this->publish_state();
       }
 

esphome/components/anova/anova_base.cpp

@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
 
 namespace esphome::anova {
 
-float ftoc(float f) { return (f - 32.0) * (5.0f / 9.0f); }
+float ftoc(float f) { return (f - 32.0f) * (5.0f / 9.0f); }
 
-float ctof(float c) { return (c * 9.0f / 5.0f) + 32.0; }
+float ctof(float c) { return (c * 9.0f / 5.0f) + 32.0f; }
 
 AnovaPacket *AnovaCodec::clean_packet_() {
   this->packet_.length = strlen((char *) this->packet_.data);

esphome/components/api/__init__.py

@@ -305,6 +305,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 rtl87xx=4,  # Moderate RAM, BSD-style sockets
                 host=4,  # Abundant resources
                 ln882x=4,  # Moderate RAM
+                nrf52=4,  # ~256KB RAM, BSD sockets
             ): cv.int_range(min=1, max=10),
             cv.SplitDefault(
                 CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS,
@@ -315,6 +316,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 rtl87xx=5,  # Moderate RAM
                 host=8,  # Abundant resources
                 ln882x=5,  # Moderate RAM
+                nrf52=4,  # ~256KB RAM, BSD sockets, Thread (single HA controller)
             ): cv.int_range(min=1, max=20),
             # Maximum queued send buffers per connection before dropping connection
             # Each buffer uses ~8-12 bytes overhead plus actual message size

esphome/components/api/api_pb2_includes.h

@@ -31,6 +31,13 @@
 #include <vector>
 #include <string>
 
+#if defined(LOG_LEVEL_NONE)
+// Zephyr defines LOG_LEVEL_NONE as a logging macro that collides with the LogLevel enum value of
+// the same name in the generated api_pb2.h. Undefine it for the rest of this translation unit so
+// the enum parses; nothing below needs Zephyr's logging macro.
+#undef LOG_LEVEL_NONE
+#endif
+
 namespace esphome::api {
 
 // This file only provides includes, no actual code

esphome/components/audio/__init__.py

@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         )
     if data.mp3_support:
         cg.add_define("USE_AUDIO_MP3_SUPPORT")
-        add_idf_component(name="esphome/micro-mp3", ref="0.3.0")
+        add_idf_component(name="esphome/micro-mp3", ref="0.4.0")
         _emit_memory_pair(
             data.mp3.buffer_memory,
             "CONFIG_MICRO_MP3_PREFER_PSRAM",

esphome/components/binary_sensor_map/binary_sensor_map.cpp

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ float BinarySensorMap::bayesian_predicate_(bool sensor_state, float prior, float
     prob_state_source_false = 1 - prob_given_false;
   }
 
-  return prob_state_source_true / (prior * prob_state_source_true + (1.0 - prior) * prob_state_source_false);
+  return prob_state_source_true / (prior * prob_state_source_true + (1.0f - prior) * prob_state_source_false);
 }
 
 void BinarySensorMap::add_channel(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *sensor, float value) {

esphome/components/bl0906/bl0906.cpp

@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ void BL0906::read_data_(const uint8_t address, const float reference, sensor::Se
   // Chip temperature
   if (reference == BL0906_TREF) {
     value = (float) to_int32_t(data_s24);
-    value = (value - 64) * 12.5 / 59 - 40;
+    value = (value - 64) * 12.5f / 59 - 40;
   }
   sensor->publish_state(value);
 }

esphome/components/bl0940/bl0940.cpp

@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ float BL0940::calculate_power_reference_() {
 float BL0940::calculate_energy_reference_() {
   // formula: 3600000 * 4046 * RL * R1 * 1000 / (1638.4 * 256) / Vref² / (R1 + R2)
   // or:  power_reference_ * 3600000 / (1638.4 * 256)
-  return this->power_reference_cal_ * 3600000 / (1638.4 * 256);
+  return this->power_reference_cal_ * 3600000 / (1638.4f * 256);
 }
 
 float BL0940::calculate_calibration_value_(float state) { return (100 + state) / 100; }

esphome/components/bl0942/bl0942.cpp

@@ -124,14 +124,14 @@ void BL0942::setup() {
   // If either current or voltage references are set explicitly by the user,
   // calculate the power reference from it unless that is also explicitly set.
   if ((this->current_reference_set_ || this->voltage_reference_set_) && !this->power_reference_set_) {
-    this->power_reference_ = (this->voltage_reference_ * this->current_reference_ * 3537.0 / 305978.0) / 73989.0;
+    this->power_reference_ = (this->voltage_reference_ * this->current_reference_ * 3537.0f / 305978.0f) / 73989.0f;
     this->power_reference_set_ = true;
   }
 
   // Similarly for energy reference, if the power reference was set by the user
   // either implicitly or explicitly.
   if (this->power_reference_set_ && !this->energy_reference_set_) {
-    this->energy_reference_ = this->power_reference_ * 3600000 / 419430.4;
+    this->energy_reference_ = this->power_reference_ * 3600000 / 419430.4f;
     this->energy_reference_set_ = true;
   }
 

esphome/components/combination/combination.cpp

@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ void MedianCombinationComponent::handle_new_value(float value) {
       median = sensor_states[sensor_states_size / 2];
     } else {
       // Even number of measurements, use the average of the two middle measurements
-      median = (sensor_states[sensor_states_size / 2] + sensor_states[sensor_states_size / 2 - 1]) / 2.0;
+      median = (sensor_states[sensor_states_size / 2] + sensor_states[sensor_states_size / 2 - 1]) / 2.0f;
     }
   }
 

esphome/components/cst9220/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@clydebarrow"]
+DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
+
+cst9220_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("cst9220")

esphome/components/cst9220/touchscreen/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+from esphome import pins
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import i2c, touchscreen
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN, CONF_RESET_PIN
+
+from .. import cst9220_ns
+
+CST9220Touchscreen = cst9220_ns.class_(
+    "CST9220Touchscreen",
+    touchscreen.Touchscreen,
+    i2c.I2CDevice,
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    touchscreen.touchscreen_schema("100ms")
+    .extend(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(CST9220Touchscreen),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_RESET_PIN): pins.gpio_output_pin_schema,
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x5A))
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await touchscreen.register_touchscreen(var, config)
+    await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
+
+    if interrupt_pin := config.get(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN):
+        cg.add(var.set_interrupt_pin(await cg.gpio_pin_expression(interrupt_pin)))
+    if reset_pin := config.get(CONF_RESET_PIN):
+        cg.add(var.set_reset_pin(await cg.gpio_pin_expression(reset_pin)))

esphome/components/cst9220/touchscreen/cst9220_touchscreen.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+#include "cst9220_touchscreen.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+#include <cinttypes>
+
+namespace esphome::cst9220 {
+
+void CST9220Touchscreen::setup() {
+  if (this->reset_pin_ != nullptr) {
+    this->reset_pin_->setup();
+    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(true);
+    delay(5);
+    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(false);
+    delay(10);
+    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(true);
+  }
+  // Wait for the controller to leave its bootloader before talking to it.
+  this->set_timeout(30, [this] { this->continue_setup_(); });
+}
+
+void CST9220Touchscreen::continue_setup_() {
+  uint8_t buffer[4];
+
+  if (this->interrupt_pin_ != nullptr) {
+    this->interrupt_pin_->setup();
+    this->attach_interrupt_(this->interrupt_pin_, gpio::INTERRUPT_FALLING_EDGE);
+  }
+
+  // Enter command mode so the configuration registers can be read.
+  if (this->write_register16(REG_CMD_MODE, buffer, 0) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    this->status_set_error(LOG_STR("Failed to enter command mode"));
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+  delay(10);
+
+  // The firmware check code confirms that valid firmware is loaded.
+  if (this->read_register16(REG_CHECKCODE, buffer, 4) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    this->status_set_error(LOG_STR("Failed to read check code"));
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+  uint32_t checkcode = encode_uint32(buffer[3], buffer[2], buffer[1], buffer[0]);
+  if ((checkcode & 0xFFFF0000) != 0xCACA0000) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid firmware check code: 0x%08" PRIX32, checkcode);
+    this->status_set_error(LOG_STR("Invalid firmware check code"));
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Read the panel resolution unless the user supplied calibration values.
+  if (this->read_register16(REG_RESOLUTION, buffer, 4) == i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    if (this->x_raw_max_ == this->x_raw_min_)
+      this->x_raw_max_ = encode_uint16(buffer[1], buffer[0]);
+    if (this->y_raw_max_ == this->y_raw_min_)
+      this->y_raw_max_ = encode_uint16(buffer[3], buffer[2]);
+  }
+
+  // Read the chip type and project id and validate the controller.
+  if (this->read_register16(REG_CHIP_INFO, buffer, 4) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    this->status_set_error(LOG_STR("Failed to read chip ID"));
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->chip_id_ = encode_uint16(buffer[3], buffer[2]);
+  this->project_id_ = encode_uint16(buffer[1], buffer[0]);
+  if (this->chip_id_ != CST9220_CHIP_ID && this->chip_id_ != CST9217_CHIP_ID) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unknown chip ID: 0x%04X", this->chip_id_);
+    this->status_set_error(LOG_STR("Unknown chip ID"));
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Fall back to the display dimensions if the resolution read failed.
+  if (this->x_raw_max_ == this->x_raw_min_)
+    this->x_raw_max_ = this->display_->get_native_width();
+  if (this->y_raw_max_ == this->y_raw_min_)
+    this->y_raw_max_ = this->display_->get_native_height();
+
+  this->setup_complete_ = true;
+}
+
+void CST9220Touchscreen::update_touches() {
+  if (!this->setup_complete_)
+    return;
+  uint8_t data[CST9220_DATA_LENGTH];
+  // Only an actual I2C failure should skip the update; a successful read with no
+  // touches is a real "all fingers lifted" state that must flow through so the
+  // base class can generate the release event.
+  if (this->read_register16(REG_TOUCH_DATA, data, sizeof(data)) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    this->status_set_warning();
+    this->skip_update_ = true;
+    return;
+  }
+  this->status_clear_warning();
+
+  // Acknowledge the report so the controller can prepare the next one.
+  uint8_t ack = TOUCH_ACK;
+  this->write_register16(REG_TOUCH_DATA, &ack, 1);
+
+  // A valid report carries the ACK marker at offset 6; offset 0 holds the first
+  // point and must be neither the ACK marker nor empty. Anything else means no
+  // valid touch data this cycle, which we report as zero touches (not a skip).
+  if (data[0] == TOUCH_ACK || data[0] == 0x00 || data[6] != TOUCH_ACK)
+    return;
+
+  uint8_t num_touches = data[5] & 0x7F;
+  if (num_touches > CST9220_MAX_TOUCHES)
+    num_touches = CST9220_MAX_TOUCHES;
+
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < num_touches; i++) {
+    // The first point starts at offset 0; subsequent points are offset by the
+    // two status bytes that follow it.
+    const uint8_t *p = data + i * 5 + (i == 0 ? 0 : 2);
+    uint8_t id = p[0] >> 4;
+    uint8_t event = p[0] & 0x0F;
+    if (event != TOUCH_EVENT_DOWN)
+      continue;
+    // p[3] is shared: high nibble holds the X LSBs, low nibble the Y LSBs.
+    uint16_t x = (p[1] << 4) | (p[3] >> 4);
+    uint16_t y = (p[2] << 4) | (p[3] & 0x0F);
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Read touch %d: %d/%d", id, x, y);
+    this->add_raw_touch_position_(id, x, y);
+  }
+}
+
+void CST9220Touchscreen::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "CST9220 Touchscreen:\n"
+                "  Chip ID: 0x%04X\n"
+                "  Project ID: 0x%04X\n"
+                "  X Raw Min: %d, X Raw Max: %d\n"
+                "  Y Raw Min: %d, Y Raw Max: %d",
+                this->chip_id_, this->project_id_, this->x_raw_min_, this->x_raw_max_, this->y_raw_min_,
+                this->y_raw_max_);
+  LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this);
+  LOG_PIN("  Interrupt Pin: ", this->interrupt_pin_);
+  LOG_PIN("  Reset Pin: ", this->reset_pin_);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::cst9220

esphome/components/cst9220/touchscreen/cst9220_touchscreen.h

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h"
+#include "esphome/components/touchscreen/touchscreen.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::cst9220 {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "cst9220.touchscreen";
+
+// The CST92xx family uses 16-bit (big-endian) register addresses.
+static const uint16_t REG_TOUCH_DATA = 0xD000;  // touch report
+static const uint16_t REG_CMD_MODE = 0xD101;    // enter command mode
+static const uint16_t REG_CHECKCODE = 0xD1FC;   // firmware check code
+static const uint16_t REG_RESOLUTION = 0xD1F8;  // panel resolution
+static const uint16_t REG_CHIP_INFO = 0xD204;   // chip type + project id
+
+static const uint8_t TOUCH_ACK = 0xAB;
+static const uint8_t TOUCH_EVENT_DOWN = 0x06;
+
+static const uint16_t CST9220_CHIP_ID = 0x9220;
+static const uint16_t CST9217_CHIP_ID = 0x9217;
+
+// Maximum simultaneous touch points reported by the family.
+static const uint8_t CST9220_MAX_TOUCHES = 5;
+// Report layout: 5 bytes per touch point plus 5 bytes of status/ack overhead.
+static const size_t CST9220_DATA_LENGTH = CST9220_MAX_TOUCHES * 5 + 5;
+
+class CST9220Touchscreen : public touchscreen::Touchscreen, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+
+  void set_interrupt_pin(InternalGPIOPin *pin) { this->interrupt_pin_ = pin; }
+  void set_reset_pin(GPIOPin *pin) { this->reset_pin_ = pin; }
+
+ protected:
+  void update_touches() override;
+  void continue_setup_();
+
+  InternalGPIOPin *interrupt_pin_{};
+  GPIOPin *reset_pin_{};
+  uint16_t chip_id_{};
+  uint16_t project_id_{};
+  bool setup_complete_{};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::cst9220

esphome/components/current_based/current_based_cover.cpp

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ void CurrentBasedCover::control(const CoverCall &call) {
   auto opt_pos = call.get_position();
   if (opt_pos.has_value()) {
     auto pos = *opt_pos;
-    if (fabsf(this->position - pos) < 0.01) {
+    if (fabsf(this->position - pos) < 0.01f) {
       // already at target
     } else {
       auto op = pos < this->position ? COVER_OPERATION_CLOSING : COVER_OPERATION_OPENING;

esphome/components/daikin_brc/daikin_brc.cpp

@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ uint8_t DaikinBrcClimate::temperature_() {
       // Temperature in remote is in F
       if (this->fahrenheit_) {
         temperature = (uint8_t) roundf(
-            clamp<float>(((this->target_temperature * 1.8) + 32), DAIKIN_BRC_TEMP_MIN_F, DAIKIN_BRC_TEMP_MAX_F));
+            clamp<float>(((this->target_temperature * 1.8f) + 32), DAIKIN_BRC_TEMP_MIN_F, DAIKIN_BRC_TEMP_MAX_F));
       } else {
         temperature = ((uint8_t) roundf(this->target_temperature) - 9) << 1;
       }

esphome/components/dallas_temp/dallas_temp.cpp

@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ float DallasTemperatureSensor::get_temp_c_() {
     if (this->scratch_pad_[7] == 0) {
       return NAN;
     }
-    return (temp >> 1) + (this->scratch_pad_[7] - this->scratch_pad_[6]) / float(this->scratch_pad_[7]) - 0.25;
+    return (temp >> 1) + (this->scratch_pad_[7] - this->scratch_pad_[6]) / float(this->scratch_pad_[7]) - 0.25f;
   }
   switch (this->resolution_) {
     case 9:

esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_component.h

@@ -96,7 +96,8 @@ class DeepSleepComponent final : public Component {
 #endif
 
 #if !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C2) && !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3) && \
-    !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6) && !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61) && !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2)
+    !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5) && !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6) && \
+    !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61) && !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2)
   void set_touch_wakeup(bool touch_wakeup);
 #endif
 

esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_esp32.cpp

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ namespace esphome::deep_sleep {
 // | ESP32-S3  | ✓    | ✓    | ✓     |             |
 // | ESP32-C2  |      |      |       | ✓           |
 // | ESP32-C3  |      |      |       | ✓           |
-// | ESP32-C5  |      | (✓)  |       | (✓)         |
+// | ESP32-C5  |      | ✓    |       | ✓           |
 // | ESP32-C6  |      | ✓    |       | ✓           |
 // | ESP32-C61 |      | ✓    |       | ✓           |
 // | ESP32-H2  |      | ✓    |       |             |
@@ -56,7 +56,8 @@ void DeepSleepComponent::set_ext1_wakeup(Ext1Wakeup ext1_wakeup) { this->ext1_wa
 #endif
 
 #if !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C2) && !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3) && \
-    !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6) && !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61) && !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2)
+    !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5) && !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6) && \
+    !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61) && !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2)
 void DeepSleepComponent::set_touch_wakeup(bool touch_wakeup) { this->touch_wakeup_ = touch_wakeup; }
 #endif
 
@@ -99,7 +100,8 @@ void DeepSleepComponent::deep_sleep_() {
 
     // Single pin wakeup (ext0) - ESP32, S2, S3 only
 #if !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C2) && !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3) && \
-    !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6) && !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2)
+    !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5) && !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6) && \
+    !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61) && !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2)
   if (this->wakeup_pin_ != nullptr) {
     const auto gpio_pin = gpio_num_t(this->wakeup_pin_->get_pin());
     if (this->wakeup_pin_->get_flags() & gpio::FLAG_PULLUP) {
@@ -122,9 +124,9 @@ void DeepSleepComponent::deep_sleep_() {
   }
 #endif
 
-  // GPIO wakeup - C2, C3, C6, C61 only
-#if defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C2) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6) || \
-    defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61)
+  // GPIO wakeup - C2, C3, C5, C6, C61 only
+#if defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C2) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5) || \
+    defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61)
   if (this->wakeup_pin_ != nullptr) {
     const auto gpio_pin = gpio_num_t(this->wakeup_pin_->get_pin());
     // Make sure GPIO is in input mode, not all RTC GPIO pins are input by default
@@ -154,7 +156,8 @@ void DeepSleepComponent::deep_sleep_() {
 
   // Touch wakeup - ESP32, S2, S3 only
 #if !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C2) && !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3) && \
-    !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6) && !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61) && !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2)
+    !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5) && !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6) && \
+    !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61) && !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2)
   if (this->touch_wakeup_.has_value() && *(this->touch_wakeup_)) {
     esp_sleep_enable_touchpad_wakeup();
     esp_sleep_pd_config(ESP_PD_DOMAIN_RTC_PERIPH, ESP_PD_OPTION_ON);

esphome/components/demo/demo_sensor.h

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class DemoSensor final : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent {
       float base = std::isnan(this->state) ? 0.0f : this->state;
       this->publish_state(base + val * 10);
     } else {
-      if (val < 0.1) {
+      if (val < 0.1f) {
         this->publish_state(NAN);
       } else {
         this->publish_state(val * 100);

esphome/components/demo/demo_switch.h

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ namespace esphome::demo {
 class DemoSwitch final : public switch_::Switch, public Component {
  public:
   void setup() override {
-    bool initial = random_float() < 0.5;
+    bool initial = random_float() < 0.5f;
     this->publish_state(initial);
   }
 

esphome/components/demo/demo_text_sensor.h

@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ class DemoTextSensor final : public text_sensor::TextSensor, public PollingCompo
  public:
   void update() override {
     float val = random_float();
-    if (val < 0.33) {
+    if (val < 0.33f) {
       this->publish_state("foo");
-    } else if (val < 0.66) {
+    } else if (val < 0.66f) {
       this->publish_state("bar");
     } else {
       this->publish_state("foobar");

esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/commands.cpp

@@ -121,51 +121,51 @@ DetRangeCfgCommand::DetRangeCfgCommand(float min1, float max1, float min2, float
 
     this->cmd_ = "detRangeCfg -1 0 0";
   } else if (min2 < 0 || max2 < 0) {
-    this->min1_ = min1 = round(min1 / 0.15) * 0.15;
-    this->max1_ = max1 = round(max1 / 0.15) * 0.15;
+    this->min1_ = min1 = roundf(min1 / 0.15f) * 0.15f;
+    this->max1_ = max1 = roundf(max1 / 0.15f) * 0.15f;
     this->min2_ = min2 = this->max2_ = max2 = this->min3_ = min3 = this->max3_ = max3 = this->min4_ = min4 =
         this->max4_ = max4 = -1;
 
     char buf[72];  // max 72: "detRangeCfg -1 "(15) + 8 * (float(5) + space(1)) + null
-    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "detRangeCfg -1 %.0f %.0f", min1 / 0.15, max1 / 0.15);
+    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "detRangeCfg -1 %.0f %.0f", min1 / 0.15f, max1 / 0.15f);
     this->cmd_ = buf;
   } else if (min3 < 0 || max3 < 0) {
-    this->min1_ = min1 = round(min1 / 0.15) * 0.15;
-    this->max1_ = max1 = round(max1 / 0.15) * 0.15;
-    this->min2_ = min2 = round(min2 / 0.15) * 0.15;
-    this->max2_ = max2 = round(max2 / 0.15) * 0.15;
+    this->min1_ = min1 = roundf(min1 / 0.15f) * 0.15f;
+    this->max1_ = max1 = roundf(max1 / 0.15f) * 0.15f;
+    this->min2_ = min2 = roundf(min2 / 0.15f) * 0.15f;
+    this->max2_ = max2 = roundf(max2 / 0.15f) * 0.15f;
     this->min3_ = min3 = this->max3_ = max3 = this->min4_ = min4 = this->max4_ = max4 = -1;
 
     char buf[72];  // max 72: "detRangeCfg -1 "(15) + 8 * (float(5) + space(1)) + null
-    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "detRangeCfg -1 %.0f %.0f %.0f %.0f", min1 / 0.15, max1 / 0.15, min2 / 0.15,
-             max2 / 0.15);
+    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "detRangeCfg -1 %.0f %.0f %.0f %.0f", min1 / 0.15f, max1 / 0.15f, min2 / 0.15f,
+             max2 / 0.15f);
     this->cmd_ = buf;
   } else if (min4 < 0 || max4 < 0) {
-    this->min1_ = min1 = round(min1 / 0.15) * 0.15;
-    this->max1_ = max1 = round(max1 / 0.15) * 0.15;
-    this->min2_ = min2 = round(min2 / 0.15) * 0.15;
-    this->max2_ = max2 = round(max2 / 0.15) * 0.15;
-    this->min3_ = min3 = round(min3 / 0.15) * 0.15;
-    this->max3_ = max3 = round(max3 / 0.15) * 0.15;
+    this->min1_ = min1 = roundf(min1 / 0.15f) * 0.15f;
+    this->max1_ = max1 = roundf(max1 / 0.15f) * 0.15f;
+    this->min2_ = min2 = roundf(min2 / 0.15f) * 0.15f;
+    this->max2_ = max2 = roundf(max2 / 0.15f) * 0.15f;
+    this->min3_ = min3 = roundf(min3 / 0.15f) * 0.15f;
+    this->max3_ = max3 = roundf(max3 / 0.15f) * 0.15f;
     this->min4_ = min4 = this->max4_ = max4 = -1;
 
     char buf[72];  // max 72: "detRangeCfg -1 "(15) + 8 * (float(5) + space(1)) + null
-    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "detRangeCfg -1 %.0f %.0f %.0f %.0f %.0f %.0f", min1 / 0.15, max1 / 0.15, min2 / 0.15,
-             max2 / 0.15, min3 / 0.15, max3 / 0.15);
+    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "detRangeCfg -1 %.0f %.0f %.0f %.0f %.0f %.0f", min1 / 0.15f, max1 / 0.15f, min2 / 0.15f,
+             max2 / 0.15f, min3 / 0.15f, max3 / 0.15f);
     this->cmd_ = buf;
   } else {
-    this->min1_ = min1 = round(min1 / 0.15) * 0.15;
-    this->max1_ = max1 = round(max1 / 0.15) * 0.15;
-    this->min2_ = min2 = round(min2 / 0.15) * 0.15;
-    this->max2_ = max2 = round(max2 / 0.15) * 0.15;
-    this->min3_ = min3 = round(min3 / 0.15) * 0.15;
-    this->max3_ = max3 = round(max3 / 0.15) * 0.15;
-    this->min4_ = min4 = round(min4 / 0.15) * 0.15;
-    this->max4_ = max4 = round(max4 / 0.15) * 0.15;
+    this->min1_ = min1 = roundf(min1 / 0.15f) * 0.15f;
+    this->max1_ = max1 = roundf(max1 / 0.15f) * 0.15f;
+    this->min2_ = min2 = roundf(min2 / 0.15f) * 0.15f;
+    this->max2_ = max2 = roundf(max2 / 0.15f) * 0.15f;
+    this->min3_ = min3 = roundf(min3 / 0.15f) * 0.15f;
+    this->max3_ = max3 = roundf(max3 / 0.15f) * 0.15f;
+    this->min4_ = min4 = roundf(min4 / 0.15f) * 0.15f;
+    this->max4_ = max4 = roundf(max4 / 0.15f) * 0.15f;
 
     char buf[72];  // max 72: "detRangeCfg -1 "(15) + 8 * (float(5) + space(1)) + null
-    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "detRangeCfg -1 %.0f %.0f %.0f %.0f %.0f %.0f %.0f %.0f", min1 / 0.15, max1 / 0.15,
-             min2 / 0.15, max2 / 0.15, min3 / 0.15, max3 / 0.15, min4 / 0.15, max4 / 0.15);
+    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "detRangeCfg -1 %.0f %.0f %.0f %.0f %.0f %.0f %.0f %.0f", min1 / 0.15f, max1 / 0.15f,
+             min2 / 0.15f, max2 / 0.15f, min3 / 0.15f, max3 / 0.15f, min4 / 0.15f, max4 / 0.15f);
     this->cmd_ = buf;
   }
 

esphome/components/display/display.cpp

@@ -42,10 +42,10 @@ void Display::line_at_angle(int x, int y, int angle, int length, Color color) {
 
 void Display::line_at_angle(int x, int y, int angle, int start_radius, int stop_radius, Color color) {
   // Calculate start and end points
-  int x1 = (start_radius * cos(angle * M_PI / 180)) + x;
-  int y1 = (start_radius * sin(angle * M_PI / 180)) + y;
-  int x2 = (stop_radius * cos(angle * M_PI / 180)) + x;
-  int y2 = (stop_radius * sin(angle * M_PI / 180)) + y;
+  int x1 = (start_radius * std::cos(angle * std::numbers::pi_v<float> / 180)) + x;
+  int y1 = (start_radius * std::sin(angle * std::numbers::pi_v<float> / 180)) + y;
+  int x2 = (stop_radius * std::cos(angle * std::numbers::pi_v<float> / 180)) + x;
+  int y2 = (stop_radius * std::sin(angle * std::numbers::pi_v<float> / 180)) + y;
 
   // Draw line
   this->line(x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ void Display::filled_gauge(int center_x, int center_y, int radius1, int radius2,
   int e2max, e2min;
   progress = std::max(0, std::min(progress, 100));  // 0..100
   int draw_progress = progress > 50 ? (100 - progress) : progress;
-  float tan_a = (progress == 50) ? 65535 : tan(float(draw_progress) * M_PI / 100);  // slope
+  float tan_a = (progress == 50) ? 65535 : tanf(float(draw_progress) * std::numbers::pi_v<float> / 100);  // slope
 
   do {
     // outer dots
@@ -444,15 +444,15 @@ void HOT Display::get_regular_polygon_vertex(int vertex_id, int *vertex_x, int *
     // hence we rotate the shape by 270° to orient the polygon up.
     rotation_degrees += ROTATION_270_DEGREES;
     // Convert the rotation to radians, easier to use in trigonometrical calculations
-    float rotation_radians = rotation_degrees * std::numbers::pi / 180;
+    float rotation_radians = rotation_degrees * std::numbers::pi_v<float> / 180;
     // A pointy top variation means the first vertex of the polygon is at the top center of the shape, this requires no
     // additional rotation of the shape.
     // A flat top variation means the first point of the polygon has to be rotated so that the first edge is horizontal,
     // this requires to rotate the shape by π/edges radians counter-clockwise so that the first point is located on the
     // left side of the first horizontal edge.
-    rotation_radians -= (variation == VARIATION_FLAT_TOP) ? std::numbers::pi / edges : 0.0;
+    rotation_radians -= (variation == VARIATION_FLAT_TOP) ? std::numbers::pi_v<float> / edges : 0.0f;
 
-    float vertex_angle = ((float) vertex_id) / edges * 2 * std::numbers::pi + rotation_radians;
+    float vertex_angle = ((float) vertex_id) / edges * 2 * std::numbers::pi_v<float> + rotation_radians;
     *vertex_x = (int) std::round(std::cos(vertex_angle) * radius) + center_x;
     *vertex_y = (int) std::round(std::sin(vertex_angle) * radius) + center_y;
   }

esphome/components/ds2484/ds2484.h

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ class DS2484OneWireBus final : public one_wire::OneWireBus, public i2c::I2CDevic
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
-  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::BUS - 1.0; }
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::BUS - 1.0f; }
 
   bool reset_device();
   int reset_int() override;

esphome/components/es7210/es7210.cpp

@@ -169,14 +169,14 @@ bool ES7210::configure_mic_gain_() {
 
 uint8_t ES7210::es7210_gain_reg_value_(float mic_gain) {
   // reg: 12 - 34.5dB, 13 - 36dB, 14 - 37.5dB
-  mic_gain += 0.5;
-  if (mic_gain <= 33.0) {
+  mic_gain += 0.5f;
+  if (mic_gain <= 33.0f) {
     return (uint8_t) (mic_gain / 3);
   }
-  if (mic_gain < 36.0) {
+  if (mic_gain < 36.0f) {
     return 12;
   }
-  if (mic_gain < 37.0) {
+  if (mic_gain < 37.0f) {
     return 13;
   }
   return 14;

esphome/components/es7243e/es7243e.cpp

@@ -105,14 +105,14 @@ bool ES7243E::configure_mic_gain_() {
 
 uint8_t ES7243E::es7243e_gain_reg_value_(float mic_gain) {
   // reg: 12 - 34.5dB, 13 - 36dB, 14 - 37.5dB
-  mic_gain += 0.5;
-  if (mic_gain <= 33.0) {
+  mic_gain += 0.5f;
+  if (mic_gain <= 33.0f) {
     return (uint8_t) mic_gain / 3;
   }
-  if (mic_gain < 36.0) {
+  if (mic_gain < 36.0f) {
     return 12;
   }
-  if (mic_gain < 37.0) {
+  if (mic_gain < 37.0f) {
     return 13;
   }
   return 14;

esphome/components/es8388/es8388.cpp

@@ -173,8 +173,14 @@ bool ES8388::set_mute_state_(bool mute_state) {
   ES8388_ERROR_CHECK(this->read_byte(ES8388_DACCONTROL3, &value));
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Read ES8388_DACCONTROL3: 0x%02X", value);
 
+  // Only toggle the DACMute bit; the other bits of this register hold unrelated
+  // DAC settings that must be preserved. Previously muting overwrote the whole
+  // register with 0x3C and unmuting never cleared the bit, so once muted the DAC
+  // could not be unmuted again.
   if (mute_state) {
-    value = 0x3C;
+    value |= ES8388_DACCONTROL3_DAC_MUTE;
+  } else {
+    value &= ~ES8388_DACCONTROL3_DAC_MUTE;
   }
 
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Setting ES8388_DACCONTROL3 to 0x%02X (muted: %s)", value, YESNO(mute_state));

esphome/components/es8388/es8388_const.h

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ static const uint8_t ES8388_ADCCONTROL14 = 0x16;
 static const uint8_t ES8388_DACCONTROL1 = 0x17;
 static const uint8_t ES8388_DACCONTROL2 = 0x18;
 static const uint8_t ES8388_DACCONTROL3 = 0x19;
+static const uint8_t ES8388_DACCONTROL3_DAC_MUTE = 0x04;  // DACMute, bit 2 of DACCONTROL3
 static const uint8_t ES8388_DACCONTROL4 = 0x1a;
 static const uint8_t ES8388_DACCONTROL5 = 0x1b;
 static const uint8_t ES8388_DACCONTROL6 = 0x1c;

esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py

@@ -1102,6 +1102,8 @@ def final_validate(config):
     # Imported locally to avoid circular import issues
     from esphome.components.psram import DOMAIN as PSRAM_DOMAIN
 
+    from .gpio import final_validate_pins
+
     errs = []
     conf_fw = config[CONF_FRAMEWORK]
     advanced = conf_fw[CONF_ADVANCED]
@@ -1185,6 +1187,8 @@ def final_validate(config):
                 )
             )
 
+    final_validate_pins(full_config)
+
     if (
         config[CONF_FLASH_SIZE] == "32MB"
         and "ota" in full_config

esphome/components/esp32/gpio.py

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PLATFORM_ESP32,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import boards
 from .const import (
@@ -50,7 +51,11 @@ from .gpio_esp32_h4 import esp32_h4_validate_gpio_pin, esp32_h4_validate_support
 from .gpio_esp32_h21 import esp32_h21_validate_gpio_pin, esp32_h21_validate_supports
 from .gpio_esp32_p4 import esp32_p4_validate_gpio_pin, esp32_p4_validate_supports
 from .gpio_esp32_s2 import esp32_s2_validate_gpio_pin, esp32_s2_validate_supports
-from .gpio_esp32_s3 import esp32_s3_validate_gpio_pin, esp32_s3_validate_supports
+from .gpio_esp32_s3 import (
+    esp32_s3_final_validate_pins,
+    esp32_s3_validate_gpio_pin,
+    esp32_s3_validate_supports,
+)
 from .gpio_esp32_s31 import esp32_s31_validate_gpio_pin, esp32_s31_validate_supports
 
 ESP32InternalGPIOPin = esp32_ns.class_("ESP32InternalGPIOPin", cg.InternalGPIOPin)
@@ -96,6 +101,7 @@ def _translate_pin(value):
 class ESP32ValidationFunctions:
     pin_validation: Callable[[int], int]
     usage_validation: Callable[[dict[str, Any]], dict[str, Any]]
+    final_validate: Callable[[ConfigType], None] | None = None
 
 
 _esp32_validations = {
@@ -145,6 +151,7 @@ _esp32_validations = {
     VARIANT_ESP32S3: ESP32ValidationFunctions(
         pin_validation=esp32_s3_validate_gpio_pin,
         usage_validation=esp32_s3_validate_supports,
+        final_validate=esp32_s3_final_validate_pins,
     ),
     VARIANT_ESP32S31: ESP32ValidationFunctions(
         pin_validation=esp32_s31_validate_gpio_pin,
@@ -261,3 +268,10 @@ async def esp32_pin_to_code(config):
         cg.add(var.set_drive_strength(config[CONF_DRIVE_STRENGTH]))
     cg.add(var.set_flags(pins.gpio_flags_expr(config[CONF_MODE])))
     return var
+
+
+def final_validate_pins(full_config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    """Run the active variant's pin final-validation, if it defines one."""
+    funcs = _esp32_validations.get(CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_VARIANT])
+    if funcs is not None and funcs.final_validate is not None:
+        funcs.final_validate(full_config)

esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_s3.py

@@ -2,8 +2,15 @@ import logging
 from typing import Any
 
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_INPUT, CONF_MODE, CONF_NUMBER
-from esphome.pins import check_strapping_pin
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_DISABLED,
+    CONF_INPUT,
+    CONF_MODE,
+    CONF_NUMBER,
+    PLATFORM_ESP32,
+)
+from esphome.pins import PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY, check_strapping_pin
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 _ESP32S3_SPI_PSRAM_PINS = {
     26: "SPICS1",
@@ -38,11 +45,9 @@ def esp32_s3_validate_gpio_pin(value: int) -> int:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             f"This pin cannot be used on ESP32-S3s and is already used by the SPI/PSRAM interface(function: {_ESP32S3_SPI_PSRAM_PINS[value]})"
         )
-    if value in _ESP32S3R8_PSRAM_PINS:
-        _LOGGER.warning(
-            "GPIO%d is used by the PSRAM interface on ESP32-S3R8 / ESP32-S3R8V and should be avoided on these models",
-            value,
-        )
+    # GPIO33-37 (_ESP32S3R8_PSRAM_PINS) are only taken by the PSRAM interface in
+    # octal mode -- whether that applies isn't known here, so the warning is
+    # deferred to final_validate_pins() in gpio.py once the PSRAM mode is resolved.
 
     if value in (22, 23, 24, 25):
         # These pins are not exposed in GPIO mux (reason unknown)
@@ -71,3 +76,29 @@ def esp32_s3_validate_supports(value: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
 
     check_strapping_pin(value, _ESP32S3_STRAPPING_PINS, _LOGGER)
     return value
+
+
+def esp32_s3_final_validate_pins(full_config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    """Warn about GPIO33-37 usage, but only when octal PSRAM (which uses them) is set.
+
+    These pins are only taken by the PSRAM interface in octal mode (ESP32-S3R8 /
+    S3R8V); on quad-PSRAM variants -- or when the psram block is disabled, so the
+    octal interface is never configured -- they are free. The per-pin validator
+    can't know the PSRAM mode, so the check is deferred here, where
+    PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.pins_used already lists every used pin.
+    """
+    # Imported locally to avoid circular import issues
+    from esphome.components.psram import DOMAIN as PSRAM_DOMAIN, TYPE_OCTAL
+
+    psram_config = full_config.get(PSRAM_DOMAIN, {})
+    if psram_config.get(CONF_DISABLED) or psram_config.get(CONF_MODE) != TYPE_OCTAL:
+        return
+    for number in sorted(
+        number
+        for key, _client_id, number in PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.pins_used
+        if key == PLATFORM_ESP32 and number in _ESP32S3R8_PSRAM_PINS
+    ):
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "GPIO%d is used by the PSRAM interface in octal mode and should be avoided",
+            number,
+        )

esphome/components/espnow/espnow_component.cpp

@@ -28,9 +28,6 @@ namespace esphome::espnow {
 
 static constexpr const char *TAG = "espnow";
 
-static const esp_err_t CONFIG_ESPNOW_WAKE_WINDOW = 50;
-static const esp_err_t CONFIG_ESPNOW_WAKE_INTERVAL = 100;
-
 ESPNowComponent *global_esp_now = nullptr;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
 static const LogString *espnow_error_to_str(esp_err_t error) {
@@ -204,11 +201,6 @@ void ESPNowComponent::enable_() {
 
   esp_wifi_get_mac(WIFI_IF_STA, this->own_address_);
 
-#ifdef USE_DEEP_SLEEP
-  esp_now_set_wake_window(CONFIG_ESPNOW_WAKE_WINDOW);
-  esp_wifi_connectionless_module_set_wake_interval(CONFIG_ESPNOW_WAKE_INTERVAL);
-#endif
-
   this->state_ = ESPNOW_STATE_ENABLED;
 
   for (auto peer : this->peers_) {
@@ -311,7 +303,9 @@ void ESPNowComponent::loop() {
         ESP_LOGV(TAG, ">>> [%s] %s", addr_buf, LOG_STR_ARG(espnow_error_to_str(packet->packet_.sent.status)));
 #endif
         if (this->current_send_packet_ != nullptr) {
-          this->current_send_packet_->callback_(packet->packet_.sent.status);
+          if (this->current_send_packet_->callback_ != nullptr) {
+            this->current_send_packet_->callback_(packet->packet_.sent.status);
+          }
           this->send_packet_pool_.release(this->current_send_packet_);
           this->current_send_packet_ = nullptr;  // Reset current packet after sending
         }

esphome/components/ethernet/__init__.py

@@ -126,6 +126,8 @@ ETHERNET_TYPES = {
     "ENC28J60": EthernetType.ETHERNET_TYPE_ENC28J60,
     "W6100": EthernetType.ETHERNET_TYPE_W6100,
     "W6300": EthernetType.ETHERNET_TYPE_W6300,
+    "GENERIC": EthernetType.ETHERNET_TYPE_GENERIC,
+    "YT8531": EthernetType.ETHERNET_TYPE_YT8531,
 }
 
 # PHY types that need compile-time defines for conditional compilation
@@ -145,6 +147,8 @@ _PHY_TYPE_TO_DEFINE = {
     "ENC28J60": "USE_ETHERNET_ENC28J60",
     "W6100": "USE_ETHERNET_W6100",
     "W6300": "USE_ETHERNET_W6300",
+    "GENERIC": "USE_ETHERNET_GENERIC",
+    "YT8531": "USE_ETHERNET_YT8531",
 }
 
 
@@ -309,6 +313,24 @@ def _validate(config):
                         f"({CORE.target_framework} {CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION]}), "
                         f"'{CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN}' is a required option for [ethernet]."
                     )
+        elif config[CONF_TYPE] in ("GENERIC", "YT8531"):
+            from esphome.components.esp32 import (
+                VARIANT_ESP32S31,
+                get_esp32_variant,
+                idf_version,
+            )
+
+            eth_type = config[CONF_TYPE]
+            variant = get_esp32_variant()
+            if variant != VARIANT_ESP32S31:
+                raise cv.Invalid(
+                    f"The '{eth_type}' (RGMII) PHY is only supported on gigabit-capable "
+                    f"variants (ESP32-S31), not {variant}"
+                )
+            if idf_version() < cv.Version(6, 0, 0):
+                raise cv.Invalid(
+                    f"The '{eth_type}' (RGMII) PHY requires ESP-IDF 6.0 or newer."
+                )
         elif config[CONF_TYPE] != "OPENETH":
             from esphome.components.esp32 import (
                 VARIANT_ESP32,
@@ -392,6 +414,23 @@ RMII_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.only_on([Platform.ESP32]),
 )
 
+# Generic IEEE 802.3 PHY over the internal EMAC RGMII interface (e.g. ESP32-S31).
+# RGMII data pins come from the IDF per-target default config.
+GENERIC_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    BASE_SCHEMA.extend(
+        cv.Schema(
+            {
+                cv.Required(CONF_MDC_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_number,
+                cv.Required(CONF_MDIO_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_number,
+                cv.Optional(CONF_PHY_ADDR, default=0): cv.int_range(min=0, max=31),
+                cv.Optional(CONF_POWER_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_number,
+                cv.Optional(CONF_PHY_REGISTERS): cv.ensure_list(PHY_REGISTER_SCHEMA),
+            }
+        )
+    ),
+    cv.only_on([Platform.ESP32]),
+)
+
 SPI_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     BASE_SCHEMA.extend(
         cv.Schema(
@@ -442,6 +481,8 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             "W6100": cv.All(SPI_SCHEMA, cv.only_on([Platform.RP2040])),
             "W6300": cv.All(SPI_SCHEMA, cv.only_on([Platform.RP2040])),
             "LAN8670": RMII_SCHEMA,
+            "GENERIC": GENERIC_SCHEMA,
+            "YT8531": GENERIC_SCHEMA,
         },
         upper=True,
     ),
@@ -571,6 +612,20 @@ async def _to_code_esp32(var: cg.Pvariable, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     elif config[CONF_TYPE] == "OPENETH":
         cg.add_define("USE_ETHERNET_OPENETH")
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ETH_USE_OPENETH", True)
+    elif config[CONF_TYPE] in ("GENERIC", "YT8531"):
+        # RGMII data pins come from the IDF default config; set MDC/MDIO + PHY addr.
+        cg.add(var.set_phy_addr(config[CONF_PHY_ADDR]))
+        cg.add(var.set_mdc_pin(config[CONF_MDC_PIN]))
+        cg.add(var.set_mdio_pin(config[CONF_MDIO_PIN]))
+        if CONF_POWER_PIN in config:
+            cg.add(var.set_power_pin(config[CONF_POWER_PIN]))
+        for register_value in config.get(CONF_PHY_REGISTERS, []):
+            reg = phy_register(
+                register_value.get(CONF_ADDRESS),
+                register_value.get(CONF_VALUE),
+                register_value.get(CONF_PAGE_ID),
+            )
+            cg.add(var.add_phy_register(reg))
     else:
         cg.add(var.set_phy_addr(config[CONF_PHY_ADDR]))
         cg.add(var.set_mdc_pin(config[CONF_MDC_PIN]))

esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h

@@ -86,6 +86,8 @@ enum EthernetType : uint8_t {
   ETHERNET_TYPE_ENC28J60,
   ETHERNET_TYPE_W6100,
   ETHERNET_TYPE_W6300,
+  ETHERNET_TYPE_GENERIC,
+  ETHERNET_TYPE_YT8531,
 };
 
 struct ManualIP {
@@ -229,6 +231,11 @@ class EthernetComponent final : public Component {
 #ifdef USE_ETHERNET_KSZ8081
   /// @brief Set `RMII Reference Clock Select` bit for KSZ8081.
   void ksz8081_set_clock_reference_(esp_eth_mac_t *mac);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ETHERNET_YT8531
+  /// @brief Apply YT8531-specific config: re-enable auto-negotiation (disabled on
+  /// reset) and set the RGMII Tx/Rx clock delays needed for reliable data sampling.
+  void yt8531_phy_init_();
 #endif
   /// @brief Set arbitratry PHY registers from config.
   void write_phy_register_(esp_eth_mac_t *mac, PHYRegister register_data);

esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component_esp32.cpp

@@ -254,9 +254,14 @@ void EthernetComponent::ethernet_lazy_init_() {
   esp32_emac_config.smi_mdc_gpio_num = this->mdc_pin_;
   esp32_emac_config.smi_mdio_gpio_num = this->mdio_pin_;
 #endif
-  esp32_emac_config.clock_config.rmii.clock_mode = this->clk_mode_;
-  esp32_emac_config.clock_config.rmii.clock_gpio =
-      static_cast<decltype(esp32_emac_config.clock_config.rmii.clock_gpio)>(this->clk_pin_);
+  // The RGMII types (GENERIC, YT8531) use the RGMII interface and default GPIO map from
+  // eth_esp32_emac_default_config(); writing the RMII clock config would clobber that
+  // union, so skip the RMII clock override for them.
+  if (this->type_ != ETHERNET_TYPE_GENERIC && this->type_ != ETHERNET_TYPE_YT8531) {
+    esp32_emac_config.clock_config.rmii.clock_mode = this->clk_mode_;
+    esp32_emac_config.clock_config.rmii.clock_gpio =
+        static_cast<decltype(esp32_emac_config.clock_config.rmii.clock_gpio)>(this->clk_pin_);
+  }
 
   esp_eth_mac_t *mac = esp_eth_mac_new_esp32(&esp32_emac_config, &mac_config);
 #endif
@@ -319,6 +324,20 @@ void EthernetComponent::ethernet_lazy_init_() {
       break;
     }
 #endif
+#if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(6, 0, 0)
+    // GENERIC and YT8531 both use the built-in generic 802.3 PHY driver; YT8531 gets
+    // extra chip-specific tuning applied later in ethernet_lazy_init_().
+#ifdef USE_ETHERNET_GENERIC
+    case ETHERNET_TYPE_GENERIC:
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ETHERNET_YT8531
+    case ETHERNET_TYPE_YT8531:
+#endif
+#if defined(USE_ETHERNET_GENERIC) || defined(USE_ETHERNET_YT8531)
+      this->phy_ = esp_eth_phy_new_generic(&phy_config);
+      break;
+#endif
+#endif
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ETHERNET_SPI
 #if defined(USE_ETHERNET_W5500)
@@ -363,7 +382,30 @@ void EthernetComponent::ethernet_lazy_init_() {
   for (const auto &phy_register : this->phy_registers_) {
     this->write_phy_register_(mac, phy_register);
   }
+
+#if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(6, 0, 0)
+#ifdef USE_ETHERNET_GENERIC
+  // The generic 802.3 PHY driver only resets the PHY in its init; it never enables
+  // auto-negotiation. A PHY that resets into a forced-speed mode (BMCR auto-nego bit
+  // clear) therefore stays there, and esp_eth_start() skips negotiation because the
+  // driver cached auto_nego_en=false at install time. Force auto-negotiation on here
+  // (which also updates that cached state) so esp_eth_start() restarts a proper
+  // negotiation. (YT8531 does this as part of its own chip-specific init below.)
+  if (this->type_ == ETHERNET_TYPE_GENERIC) {
+    bool autoneg_enable = true;
+    err = esp_eth_ioctl(this->eth_handle_, ETH_CMD_S_AUTONEGO, &autoneg_enable);
+    ESPHL_ERROR_CHECK(err, "Enable auto-negotiation failed");
+  }
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_ETHERNET_YT8531
+  if (this->type_ == ETHERNET_TYPE_YT8531) {
+    this->yt8531_phy_init_();
+    if (this->is_failed())
+      return;
+  }
+#endif
+#endif  // ESP_IDF_VERSION >= 6.0.0
+#endif  // !USE_ETHERNET_SPI
 
   // use ESP internal eth mac
   uint8_t mac_addr[6];
@@ -486,6 +528,16 @@ void EthernetComponent::dump_config() {
       eth_type = "LAN8670";
       break;
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_ETHERNET_GENERIC
+    case ETHERNET_TYPE_GENERIC:
+      eth_type = "Generic (RGMII)";
+      break;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ETHERNET_YT8531
+    case ETHERNET_TYPE_YT8531:
+      eth_type = "YT8531 (RGMII)";
+      break;
+#endif
 
     default:
       eth_type = "Unknown";
@@ -782,6 +834,19 @@ void EthernetComponent::dump_connect_params_() {
   char dns1_buf[network::IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
   char dns2_buf[network::IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
   char mac_buf[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  uint16_t link_speed = 10;
+  switch (this->get_link_speed()) {
+    case ETH_SPEED_100M:
+      link_speed = 100;
+      break;
+#if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(6, 0, 0)
+    case ETH_SPEED_1000M:
+      link_speed = 1000;
+      break;
+#endif
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "  IP Address: %s\n"
                 "  Hostname: '%s'\n"
@@ -796,7 +861,7 @@ void EthernetComponent::dump_connect_params_() {
                 network::IPAddress(&ip.netmask).str_to(subnet_buf), network::IPAddress(&ip.gw).str_to(gateway_buf),
                 network::IPAddress(dns_ip1).str_to(dns1_buf), network::IPAddress(dns_ip2).str_to(dns2_buf),
                 this->get_eth_mac_address_pretty_into_buffer(mac_buf),
-                YESNO(this->get_duplex_mode() == ETH_DUPLEX_FULL), this->get_link_speed() == ETH_SPEED_100M ? 100 : 10);
+                YESNO(this->get_duplex_mode() == ETH_DUPLEX_FULL), link_speed);
 
 #if USE_NETWORK_IPV6
   struct esp_ip6_addr if_ip6s[CONFIG_LWIP_IPV6_NUM_ADDRESSES];
@@ -958,6 +1023,50 @@ void EthernetComponent::write_phy_register_(esp_eth_mac_t *mac, PHYRegister regi
 #endif
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_ETHERNET_YT8531
+void EthernetComponent::yt8531_phy_init_() {
+  esp_err_t err;
+
+  // The YT8531 disables auto-negotiation on hardware reset (undocumented behavior), and the
+  // generic 802.3 driver only resets the PHY, so re-enable it (this also updates the driver's
+  // cached auto-nego state used by esp_eth_start()).
+  bool autoneg_enable = true;
+  err = esp_eth_ioctl(this->eth_handle_, ETH_CMD_S_AUTONEGO, &autoneg_enable);
+  ESPHL_ERROR_CHECK(err, "YT8531 enable auto-negotiation failed");
+
+  // RGMII needs ~2 ns Tx and Rx clock delays for reliable data sampling. These are set through
+  // the YT8531 extended-register interface: write the ext-register address to 0x1E, then
+  // read/modify/write its value via 0x1F.
+  esp_eth_phy_reg_rw_data_t phy_reg;
+  uint32_t reg_val;
+  phy_reg.reg_value_p = &reg_val;
+
+  // RX ~2 ns coarse delay: EXT_CHIP_CONFIG (0xA001), set rxc_dly_en (bit 8).
+  reg_val = 0xA001;
+  phy_reg.reg_addr = 0x1E;
+  err = esp_eth_ioctl(this->eth_handle_, ETH_CMD_WRITE_PHY_REG, &phy_reg);
+  ESPHL_ERROR_CHECK(err, "YT8531 select Chip_Config failed");
+  phy_reg.reg_addr = 0x1F;
+  err = esp_eth_ioctl(this->eth_handle_, ETH_CMD_READ_PHY_REG, &phy_reg);
+  ESPHL_ERROR_CHECK(err, "YT8531 read Chip_Config failed");
+  reg_val |= (1U << 8);
+  err = esp_eth_ioctl(this->eth_handle_, ETH_CMD_WRITE_PHY_REG, &phy_reg);
+  ESPHL_ERROR_CHECK(err, "YT8531 write Chip_Config failed");
+
+  // TX ~2 ns delay: EXT_RGMII_CONFIG1 (0xA003), tx_delay_sel[3:0] and tx_delay_sel_fe[7:4] = 13.
+  reg_val = 0xA003;
+  phy_reg.reg_addr = 0x1E;
+  err = esp_eth_ioctl(this->eth_handle_, ETH_CMD_WRITE_PHY_REG, &phy_reg);
+  ESPHL_ERROR_CHECK(err, "YT8531 select RGMII_Config1 failed");
+  phy_reg.reg_addr = 0x1F;
+  err = esp_eth_ioctl(this->eth_handle_, ETH_CMD_READ_PHY_REG, &phy_reg);
+  ESPHL_ERROR_CHECK(err, "YT8531 read RGMII_Config1 failed");
+  reg_val = (reg_val & ~0x00FFU) | (13U << 4) | (13U << 0);
+  err = esp_eth_ioctl(this->eth_handle_, ETH_CMD_WRITE_PHY_REG, &phy_reg);
+  ESPHL_ERROR_CHECK(err, "YT8531 write RGMII_Config1 failed");
+}
+#endif
+
 #endif
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ethernet

esphome/components/graph/graph.cpp

@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ void Graph::draw(Display *buff, uint16_t x_offset, uint16_t y_offset, Color colo
   /// Draw grid
   if (!std::isnan(this->gridspacing_y_)) {
     for (int y = yn; y <= ym; y++) {
-      int16_t py = (int16_t) roundf((this->height_ - 1) * (1.0 - (float) (y - yn) / (ym - yn)));
+      int16_t py = (int16_t) roundf((this->height_ - 1) * (1.0f - (float) (y - yn) / (ym - yn)));
       for (uint32_t x = 0; x < this->width_; x += 2) {
         buff->draw_pixel_at(x_offset + x, y_offset + py, color);
       }
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ void Graph::draw(Display *buff, uint16_t x_offset, uint16_t y_offset, Color colo
         uint8_t bit = 1 << ((i % (thick * LineType::PATTERN_LENGTH)) / thick);
         bool b = (trace->get_line_type() & bit) == bit;
         if (b) {
-          int16_t y = (int16_t) roundf((this->height_ - 1) * (1.0 - v)) - thick / 2 + y_offset;
+          int16_t y = (int16_t) roundf((this->height_ - 1) * (1.0f - v)) - thick / 2 + y_offset;
           auto draw_pixel_at = [&buff, c, y_offset, this](int16_t x, int16_t y) {
             if (y >= y_offset && static_cast<uint32_t>(y) < y_offset + this->height_)
               buff->draw_pixel_at(x, y, c);

esphome/components/grove_tb6612fng/grove_tb6612fng.cpp

@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ void GroveMotorDriveTB6612FNG::stepper_run(StepperModeTypeT mode, int16_t steps,
 
   rpm = clamp<uint16_t>(rpm, 1, 300);
 
-  ms_per_step = (uint16_t) (3000.0 / (float) rpm);
+  ms_per_step = (uint16_t) (3000.0f / (float) rpm);
   buffer_[0] = mode;
   buffer_[1] = cw;  //(cw=1) => cw; (cw=0) => ccw
   buffer_[2] = steps;
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ void GroveMotorDriveTB6612FNG::stepper_keep_run(StepperModeTypeT mode, uint16_t
   uint16_t ms_per_step = 0;
 
   rpm = clamp<uint16_t>(rpm, 1, 300);
-  ms_per_step = (uint16_t) (3000.0 / (float) rpm);
+  ms_per_step = (uint16_t) (3000.0f / (float) rpm);
 
   buffer_[0] = mode;
   buffer_[1] = cw;  //(cw=1) => cw; (cw=0) => ccw

esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.cpp

@@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ haier_protocol::HaierMessage HonClimate::get_control_message() {
     if (climate_control.target_temperature.has_value()) {
       float target_temp = climate_control.target_temperature.value();
       out_data->set_point = ((int) target_temp) - 16;  // set the temperature with offset 16
-      out_data->half_degree = (target_temp - ((int) target_temp) >= 0.49) ? 1 : 0;
+      out_data->half_degree = (target_temp - ((int) target_temp) >= 0.49f) ? 1 : 0;
     }
     if (out_data->ac_power == 0) {
       // If AC is off - no presets allowed

esphome/components/haier/smartair2_climate.cpp

@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ haier_protocol::HaierMessage Smartair2Climate::get_control_message() {
     if (climate_control.target_temperature.has_value()) {
       float target_temp = climate_control.target_temperature.value();
       out_data->set_point = ((int) target_temp) - 16;  // set the temperature with offset 16
-      out_data->half_degree = (target_temp - ((int) target_temp) >= 0.49) ? 1 : 0;
+      out_data->half_degree = (target_temp - ((int) target_temp) >= 0.49f) ? 1 : 0;
     }
     if (out_data->ac_power == 0) {
       // If AC is off - no presets allowed

esphome/components/hmc5883l/hmc5883l.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 
+#include <numbers>
+
 namespace esphome::hmc5883l {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "hmc5883l";
@@ -126,7 +128,7 @@ void HMC5883LComponent::update() {
   const float y = int16_t(raw_y) * mg_per_bit * 0.1f;
   const float z = int16_t(raw_z) * mg_per_bit * 0.1f;
 
-  float heading = atan2f(0.0f - x, y) * 180.0f / M_PI;
+  float heading = atan2f(0.0f - x, y) * 180.0f / std::numbers::pi_v<float>;
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Got x=%0.02fµT y=%0.02fµT z=%0.02fµT heading=%0.01f°", x, y, z, heading);
 
   if (this->x_sensor_ != nullptr)

esphome/components/honeywellabp/honeywellabp.cpp

@@ -55,7 +55,9 @@ float HONEYWELLABPSensor::countstopressure_(const int counts, const float min_pr
 
 // Converts a digital temperature measurement in counts to temperature in C
 // This will be invalid if sensore daoes not have temperature measurement capability
-float HONEYWELLABPSensor::countstotemperatures_(const int counts) { return (((float) counts / 2047.0) * 200.0) - 50.0; }
+float HONEYWELLABPSensor::countstotemperatures_(const int counts) {
+  return (((float) counts / 2047.0f) * 200.0f) - 50.0f;
+}
 
 // Pressure value from the most recent reading in units
 float HONEYWELLABPSensor::read_pressure_() {
@@ -69,9 +71,9 @@ void HONEYWELLABPSensor::update() {
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Update Honeywell ABP Sensor");
   if (readsensor_() == 0) {
     if (this->pressure_sensor_ != nullptr)
-      this->pressure_sensor_->publish_state(read_pressure_() * 1.0);
+      this->pressure_sensor_->publish_state(read_pressure_() * 1.0f);
     if (this->temperature_sensor_ != nullptr)
-      this->temperature_sensor_->publish_state(read_temperature_() * 1.0);
+      this->temperature_sensor_->publish_state(read_temperature_() * 1.0f);
   }
 }
 

esphome/components/hrxl_maxsonar_wr/hrxl_maxsonar_wr.cpp

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ void HrxlMaxsonarWrComponent::check_buffer_() {
         millimeters = millimeters * 10;
       }
 
-      float meters = float(millimeters) / 1000.0;
+      float meters = float(millimeters) / 1000.0f;
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Distance from sensor: %d mm, %f m", millimeters, meters);
       this->publish_state(meters);
     } else {

esphome/components/i2s_audio/speaker/i2s_audio_speaker.cpp

@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ void I2SAudioSpeakerBase::set_volume(float volume) {
   this->volume_ = volume;
 #ifdef USE_AUDIO_DAC
   if (this->audio_dac_ != nullptr) {
-    if (volume > 0.0) {
+    if (volume > 0.0f) {
       this->audio_dac_->set_mute_off();
     }
     this->audio_dac_->set_volume(volume);

esphome/components/ina219/ina219.cpp

@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ void INA219Component::setup() {
   }
 
   this->calibration_lsb_ = lsb;
-  auto calibration = uint32_t(0.04096f / (0.000001 * lsb * this->shunt_resistance_ohm_));
+  auto calibration = uint32_t(0.04096f / (0.000001f * lsb * this->shunt_resistance_ohm_));
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "    Using LSB=%" PRIu32 " calibration=%" PRIu32, lsb, calibration);
   if (!this->write_byte_16(INA219_REGISTER_CALIBRATION, calibration)) {
     this->mark_failed();

esphome/components/ina226/ina226.cpp

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ void INA226Component::setup() {
 
   this->calibration_lsb_ = lsb;
 
-  auto calibration = uint32_t(0.00512 / (lsb * this->shunt_resistance_ohm_ / 1000000.0f));
+  auto calibration = uint32_t(0.00512f / (lsb * this->shunt_resistance_ohm_ / 1000000.0f));
 
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "    Using LSB=%" PRIu32 " calibration=%" PRIu32, lsb, calibration);
 

esphome/components/it8951/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+CODEOWNERS = ["@Passific", "@koosoli", "@limengdu"]

esphome/components/it8951/display.py

@@ -0,0 +1,433 @@
+"""
+ESPHome configuration for the IT8951 e-paper controller.
+"""
+
+from esphome import automation, core, pins
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import display, spi
+from esphome.components.display import CONF_SHOW_TEST_CARD, validate_rotation
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.config_validation import update_interval
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_BUSY_PIN,
+    CONF_CS_PIN,
+    CONF_DATA_RATE,
+    CONF_DIMENSIONS,
+    CONF_ENABLE_PIN,
+    CONF_FULL_UPDATE_EVERY,
+    CONF_HEIGHT,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_INVERT_COLORS,
+    CONF_LAMBDA,
+    CONF_MIRROR_X,
+    CONF_MIRROR_Y,
+    CONF_MODE,
+    CONF_MODEL,
+    CONF_PAGES,
+    CONF_RESET_DURATION,
+    CONF_RESET_PIN,
+    CONF_ROTATION,
+    CONF_SLEEP_WHEN_DONE,
+    CONF_SWAP_XY,
+    CONF_TRANSFORM,
+    CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL,
+    CONF_WIDTH,
+)
+from esphome.cpp_generator import RawExpression
+from esphome.final_validate import full_config
+
+AUTO_LOAD = ["split_buffer"]
+DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
+
+CONF_VCOM = "vcom"
+CONF_VCOM_REGISTER = "vcom_register"
+CONF_FORCE_TEMPERATURE = "force_temperature"
+CONF_GRAYSCALE = "grayscale"
+CONF_DITHERING = "dithering"
+CONF_UPDATE_MODE = "update_mode"
+CONF_USE_LEGACY_DPY_AREA = "use_legacy_dpy_area"
+
+# VCOM SET sub-command selectors. The IT8951 firmware accepts different
+# values across panels; most respond to 0x0001, but a few — e.g. the Seeed
+# reTerminal E1003 — only respond to 0x0002 and silently drop 0x0001.
+VCOM_REGISTER_DEFAULT = 0x0001
+VCOM_REGISTER_ALT = 0x0002
+VCOM_REGISTER_OPTIONS = (VCOM_REGISTER_DEFAULT, VCOM_REGISTER_ALT)
+
+it8951_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("it8951")
+IT8951Display = it8951_ns.class_("IT8951Display", display.Display, spi.SPIDevice)
+IT8951UpdateAction = it8951_ns.class_("IT8951UpdateAction", automation.Action)
+
+# Hardware waveform modes exposed to YAML. Strings are mapped to the C++
+# UpdateMode enum so the runtime can store the mode as a uint16_t rather
+# than a std::string (avoiding a heap-resident member; see ESPHome
+# CLAUDE.md "STL Container Guidelines"). "fast" and "full" are
+# convenience aliases for DU and GC16 respectively.
+UpdateMode = it8951_ns.enum("UpdateMode")
+UPDATE_MODE_OPTIONS = {
+    "INIT": UpdateMode.UPDATE_MODE_INIT,
+    "DU": UpdateMode.UPDATE_MODE_DU,
+    "GC16": UpdateMode.UPDATE_MODE_GC16,
+    "GL16": UpdateMode.UPDATE_MODE_GL16,
+    "GLR16": UpdateMode.UPDATE_MODE_GLR16,
+    "GLD16": UpdateMode.UPDATE_MODE_GLD16,
+    "DU4": UpdateMode.UPDATE_MODE_DU4,
+    "A2": UpdateMode.UPDATE_MODE_A2,
+    "FAST": UpdateMode.UPDATE_MODE_DU,
+    "FULL": UpdateMode.UPDATE_MODE_GC16,
+}
+# Maps the YAML mode string directly to the C++ UpdateMode enum value, so the
+# config option and the it8951.update action share one validator.
+update_mode = cv.enum(UPDATE_MODE_OPTIONS, upper=True)
+
+# Transform flag values mirror the C++ TRANSFORM_* constants.
+_TRANSFORM_NONE = 0
+_TRANSFORM_MIRROR_X = 1
+_TRANSFORM_MIRROR_Y = 2
+_TRANSFORM_SWAP_XY = 4
+_TRANSFORM_FLAGS = {
+    CONF_MIRROR_X: _TRANSFORM_MIRROR_X,
+    CONF_MIRROR_Y: _TRANSFORM_MIRROR_Y,
+    CONF_SWAP_XY: _TRANSFORM_SWAP_XY,
+}
+
+
+class IT8951Model:
+    """A specific board / panel preset for the IT8951 controller."""
+
+    models: dict[str, "IT8951Model"] = {}
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, **defaults):
+        name = name.upper()
+        self.name = name
+        self.defaults = defaults
+        IT8951Model.models[name] = self
+
+    def get_default(self, key, fallback=None):
+        return self.defaults.get(key, fallback)
+
+    def get_dimensions(self, config) -> tuple[int, int]:
+        # If dimensions are in config, use them; otherwise fall back to model defaults.
+        if CONF_DIMENSIONS in config:
+            dimensions = config[CONF_DIMENSIONS]
+            if isinstance(dimensions, dict):
+                return dimensions[CONF_WIDTH], dimensions[CONF_HEIGHT]
+            return tuple(dimensions)
+        # Model must have defaults if dimensions not in config.
+        return self.get_default(CONF_WIDTH), self.get_default(CONF_HEIGHT)
+
+
+# --- Model presets ----------------------------------------------------------
+# The generic model leaves dimensions and pin choices up to the user.
+IT8951Model("it8951", vcom=2300, sleep_when_done=True, data_rate=12_000_000)
+
+IT8951Model(
+    "m5stack-m5paper",
+    width=960,
+    height=540,
+    busy_pin=27,
+    reset_pin=23,
+    cs_pin=15,
+    vcom=2300,
+    sleep_when_done=True,
+    data_rate=20_000_000,
+)
+
+IT8951Model(
+    "seeed-reterminal-e1003",
+    width=1872,
+    height=1404,
+    busy_pin=13,
+    reset_pin=12,
+    cs_pin=10,
+    # Board power-enable rails: 1.8V logic supply (GPIO21) and the EPD supply
+    # (GPIO11). Driven high during setup so no separate power_supply is needed.
+    enable_pin=[21, 11],
+    vcom=1400,
+    # reTerminal E1003 panel firmware only accepts the 0x0002 VCOM SET
+    # selector; using the default 0x0001 leaves VCOM unchanged and breaks
+    # grayscale waveforms (GC16/GL16) — INIT still works because it does
+    # not depend on VCOM accuracy.
+    vcom_register=VCOM_REGISTER_ALT,
+    # The reTerminal E1003 ships with on-die temperature sensing disabled,
+    # so the host must declare an operating temperature; otherwise the
+    # waveform LUT defaults to a value that produces no visible change
+    # for grayscale modes.
+    force_temperature=25,
+    sleep_when_done=False,
+    data_rate=20_000_000,
+    mirror_x=True,
+)
+
+IT8951Model(
+    "seeed-ee03",
+    width=1872,
+    height=1404,
+    busy_pin=4,
+    reset_pin=38,
+    cs_pin=44,
+    vcom=1400,
+    sleep_when_done=False,
+    data_rate=4_000_000,
+)
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+DIMENSION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Required(CONF_WIDTH): cv.int_,
+        cv.Required(CONF_HEIGHT): cv.int_,
+    }
+)
+
+
+def _model_pin_option(model, key, schema):
+    default = model.get_default(key)
+    if default is None:
+        return cv.Required(key), schema
+    return cv.Optional(key, default=default), schema
+
+
+def _model_schema(config):
+    model = IT8951Model.models[config[CONF_MODEL]]
+    has_default_dimensions = (
+        model.get_default(CONF_WIDTH) is not None
+        and model.get_default(CONF_HEIGHT) is not None
+    )
+    dimensions_key = (
+        cv.Optional(
+            CONF_DIMENSIONS,
+            default={
+                CONF_WIDTH: model.get_default(CONF_WIDTH),
+                CONF_HEIGHT: model.get_default(CONF_HEIGHT),
+            },
+        )
+        if has_default_dimensions
+        else cv.Required(CONF_DIMENSIONS)
+    )
+
+    schema = display.FULL_DISPLAY_SCHEMA.extend(
+        spi.spi_device_schema(
+            cs_pin_required=False,
+            default_mode="MODE0",
+            default_data_rate=model.get_default(CONF_DATA_RATE, 10_000_000),
+        )
+    ).extend(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(IT8951Display),
+            cv.Required(CONF_MODEL): cv.one_of(model.name, upper=True, space="-"),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ROTATION, default=0): validate_rotation,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL, default=cv.UNDEFINED): update_interval,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_FULL_UPDATE_EVERY, default=30): cv.int_range(1, 255),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TRANSFORM): cv.Schema(
+                {
+                    cv.Required(CONF_MIRROR_X): cv.boolean,
+                    cv.Required(CONF_MIRROR_Y): cv.boolean,
+                    cv.Optional(CONF_SWAP_XY, default=False): cv.boolean,
+                }
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_INVERT_COLORS, default=model.get_default(CONF_INVERT_COLORS, False)
+            ): cv.boolean,
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_SLEEP_WHEN_DONE,
+                default=model.get_default(CONF_SLEEP_WHEN_DONE, False),
+            ): cv.boolean,
+            # Pixel format: true = 4bpp grayscale, false = packed 1bpp
+            # monochrome. Monochrome halves the framebuffer and enables fast DU
+            # partial refreshes; grayscale gives 16 levels but always uses GC16.
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_GRAYSCALE, default=model.get_default(CONF_GRAYSCALE, True)
+            ): cv.boolean,
+            # Monochrome only: ordered-dither pale colours so they render as
+            # visible stipple. Disable for a crisp hard black/white threshold
+            # (better for purely black/white text). No effect in grayscale mode.
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_DITHERING, default=model.get_default(CONF_DITHERING, True)
+            ): cv.boolean,
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_VCOM, default=model.get_default(CONF_VCOM, 2300)
+            ): cv.int_range(0, 5000),
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_VCOM_REGISTER,
+                default=model.get_default(CONF_VCOM_REGISTER, VCOM_REGISTER_DEFAULT),
+            ): cv.one_of(*VCOM_REGISTER_OPTIONS, int=True),
+            **(
+                {
+                    cv.Optional(
+                        CONF_FORCE_TEMPERATURE,
+                        default=model.get_default(CONF_FORCE_TEMPERATURE),
+                    ): cv.int_range(min=-40, max=85)
+                }
+                if model.get_default(CONF_FORCE_TEMPERATURE) is not None
+                else {}
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_USE_LEGACY_DPY_AREA,
+                default=model.get_default(CONF_USE_LEGACY_DPY_AREA, False),
+            ): cv.boolean,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_UPDATE_MODE): update_mode,
+            # One or more GPIOs driven high during setup to power on the panel
+            # (e.g. board power-enable rails), before reset and init.
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_ENABLE_PIN, default=model.get_default(CONF_ENABLE_PIN, [])
+            ): cv.ensure_list(pins.gpio_output_pin_schema),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_RESET_DURATION): cv.All(
+                cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+                cv.Range(max=core.TimePeriod(milliseconds=500)),
+            ),
+            dimensions_key: DIMENSION_SCHEMA,
+        }
+    )
+
+    # Pin options: required if the model doesn't supply a default.
+    pin_specs = (
+        (CONF_BUSY_PIN, pins.gpio_input_pin_schema),
+        (CONF_RESET_PIN, pins.gpio_output_pin_schema),
+        (CONF_CS_PIN, pins.gpio_output_pin_schema),
+    )
+    pin_extra = {}
+    for key, schema_value in pin_specs:
+        opt, sv = _model_pin_option(model, key, schema_value)
+        pin_extra[opt] = sv
+    return schema.extend(pin_extra)
+
+
+def _customise_schema(config):
+    config = cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_MODEL): cv.one_of(
+                *IT8951Model.models, upper=True, space="-"
+            )
+        },
+        extra=cv.ALLOW_EXTRA,
+    )(config)
+
+    model_config = _model_schema(config)(config)
+
+    model = IT8951Model.models[config[CONF_MODEL].upper()]
+    width, height = model.get_dimensions(model_config)
+
+    display.add_metadata(
+        model_config[CONF_ID],
+        width,
+        height,
+        # Rotation is applied per-pixel in draw_pixel_at at no extra cost, so we
+        # advertise hardware rotation: LVGL routes its rotation to the driver via
+        # set_rotation rather than rotating the framebuffer in software.
+        has_hardware_rotation=True,
+        has_writer=any(
+            model_config.get(key)
+            for key in (CONF_LAMBDA, CONF_PAGES, CONF_SHOW_TEST_CARD)
+        ),
+        # Report the configured rotation so LVGL can detect (and reject) a
+        # rotation set in the display config instead of the LVGL config.
+        rotation=model_config.get(CONF_ROTATION, 0),
+        # The IT8951 snaps partial display refreshes to a 32-pixel X boundary
+        # (see prepare_update_region_), so have LVGL round its redraw areas to
+        # 32px too — this keeps flush rectangles aligned with what the panel
+        # actually refreshes and avoids redundant re-rounding/over-draw.
+        draw_rounding=32,
+    )
+
+    return model_config
+
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = _customise_schema
+
+
+def _final_validate(config):
+    # IT8951 reads from SPI (DevInfo, VCOM, register reads) so MISO is required.
+    spi.final_validate_device_schema("it8951", require_miso=True, require_mosi=True)(
+        config
+    )
+
+    global_config = full_config.get()
+    from esphome.components.lvgl import DOMAIN as LVGL_DOMAIN
+
+    if CONF_LAMBDA not in config and CONF_PAGES not in config:
+        if LVGL_DOMAIN in global_config:
+            if CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL not in config:
+                config[CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL] = update_interval("never")
+        else:
+            config[CONF_SHOW_TEST_CARD] = True
+    return config
+
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    model = IT8951Model.models[config[CONF_MODEL]]
+    width, height = model.get_dimensions(config)
+
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], model.name, width, height)
+    await display.register_display(var, config)
+    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=False)
+
+    if lambda_config := config.get(CONF_LAMBDA):
+        lambda_ = await cg.process_lambda(
+            lambda_config, [(display.DisplayRef, "it")], return_type=cg.void
+        )
+        cg.add(var.set_writer(lambda_))
+    if reset_pin := config.get(CONF_RESET_PIN):
+        cg.add(var.set_reset_pin(await cg.gpio_pin_expression(reset_pin)))
+    if busy_pin := config.get(CONF_BUSY_PIN):
+        cg.add(var.set_busy_pin(await cg.gpio_pin_expression(busy_pin)))
+    if enable_pins := config.get(CONF_ENABLE_PIN):
+        cg.add(
+            var.set_enable_pins(
+                [await cg.gpio_pin_expression(pin) for pin in enable_pins]
+            )
+        )
+    cg.add(var.set_full_update_every(config[CONF_FULL_UPDATE_EVERY]))
+    if (reset_duration := config.get(CONF_RESET_DURATION)) is not None:
+        cg.add(var.set_reset_duration(reset_duration))
+    if config.get(CONF_INVERT_COLORS):
+        cg.add(var.set_invert_colors(True))
+    if config.get(CONF_SLEEP_WHEN_DONE):
+        cg.add(var.set_sleep_when_done(True))
+    cg.add(var.set_vcom(config[CONF_VCOM]))
+    cg.add(var.set_vcom_register(config[CONF_VCOM_REGISTER]))
+    if CONF_FORCE_TEMPERATURE in config:
+        cg.add(var.set_force_temperature(config[CONF_FORCE_TEMPERATURE]))
+    if config.get(CONF_USE_LEGACY_DPY_AREA):
+        cg.add(var.set_use_legacy_dpy_area(True))
+    cg.add(var.set_grayscale(config[CONF_GRAYSCALE]))
+    cg.add(var.set_dithering(config[CONF_DITHERING]))
+    if (mode := config.get(CONF_UPDATE_MODE)) is not None:
+        cg.add(var.set_update_mode(mode))
+
+    transform = config.get(
+        CONF_TRANSFORM,
+        {
+            CONF_MIRROR_X: model.get_default(CONF_MIRROR_X),
+            CONF_MIRROR_Y: model.get_default(CONF_MIRROR_Y),
+        },
+    )
+
+    transform_value = sum(
+        flag for key, flag in _TRANSFORM_FLAGS.items() if transform.get(key)
+    )
+    if transform_value:
+        cg.add(var.set_transform(RawExpression(str(transform_value))))
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "it8951.update",
+    IT8951UpdateAction,
+    automation.maybe_simple_id(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(IT8951Display),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MODE): cv.templatable(update_mode),
+        }
+    ),
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def it8951_update_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    display_var = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, display_var)
+    if mode := config.get(CONF_MODE):
+        mode = await cg.templatable(mode, args, UpdateMode)
+        cg.add(var.set_mode(mode))
+    return var

esphome/components/it8951/it8951.h

@@ -0,0 +1,373 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "esphome/components/display/display.h"
+#include "esphome/components/spi/spi.h"
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+#include "it8951_defs.h"
+
+namespace esphome::it8951 {
+
+using namespace display;
+
+// --- Bounded op queue --------------------------------------------------------
+// Fixed-capacity ring buffer used by the loop scheduler. Replaces std::deque
+// to comply with ESPHome's STL container guidelines (std::deque allocates in
+// 512-byte blocks regardless of element size). Size analysis: the deepest
+// observed scenario is UPDATE_REFRESH (10 enqueued ops) + CHECK_LUT_IDLE's
+// 5 push_front rescheduling = 14 simultaneous entries. We use 32 for a
+// comfortable margin while keeping RAM cost low (~192 bytes per instance vs
+// 512+ bytes for std::deque).
+template<typename T, size_t N> class StaticOpQueue {
+ public:
+  bool empty() const { return this->count_ == 0; }
+  size_t size() const { return this->count_; }
+  static constexpr size_t capacity() { return N; }
+
+  bool push_back(const T &value) {
+    if (this->count_ >= N)
+      return false;
+    this->data_[(this->head_ + this->count_) % N] = value;
+    ++this->count_;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  bool push_front(const T &value) {
+    if (this->count_ >= N)
+      return false;
+    this->head_ = (this->head_ + N - 1) % N;
+    this->data_[this->head_] = value;
+    ++this->count_;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  void pop_front() {
+    if (this->count_ == 0)
+      return;
+    this->head_ = (this->head_ + 1) % N;
+    --this->count_;
+  }
+
+  const T &front() const { return this->data_[this->head_]; }
+  T &front() { return this->data_[this->head_]; }
+
+  void clear() {
+    this->head_ = 0;
+    this->count_ = 0;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  T data_[N]{};
+  size_t head_{0};
+  size_t count_{0};
+};
+
+// Op queue capacity. See StaticOpQueue comment for sizing analysis.
+static constexpr size_t OP_QUEUE_SIZE = 32;
+
+// --- Op queue ---------------------------------------------------------------
+// Each Op is a single CS-asserted SPI transaction (or a tiny bookkeeping
+// step). The loop processes one Op per iteration after gating on HW_RDY, so
+// the natural ESPHome loop cadence (~8-16 ms) provides inter-op pacing
+// without any blocking waits.
+//
+// Compound Ops (READ_DEV_INFO, XFER_*, DPY_BUF_AREA, ENABLE_1BPP, ...) are
+// short self-contained methods that do all their SPI work inside a single
+// CS cycle (or a small handful of cycles) and complete well under 2ms, so
+// they don't break the no-blocking budget.
+//
+// Each write-type op is a SINGLE CS-asserted transaction. The loop-level
+// HW_RDY gate ensures the controller is ready before dispatching any op, so
+// no blocking waits are needed within write ops.
+//
+// Read ops are decomposed: the command/address that triggers data preparation
+// is sent as write ops (CMD, WRITE_W), then a separate read op runs only
+// after the loop confirms HW_RDY is back HIGH (data ready). No blocking.
+enum class OpType : uint8_t {
+  CMD,              // single CS: CMD preamble + command word (a)
+  WRITE_W,          // single CS: WRITE preamble + data word (a)
+  WRITE_REG,        // single CS: WRITE preamble + addr(a) + value(b)
+                    //   (caller must enqueue CMD(TCON_REG_WR) before this)
+  READ_DEV_INFO,    // single CS: READ preamble + dummy + read DevInfo struct
+                    //   (caller enqueues CMD(GET_DEV_INFO) first; loop HW_RDY gate
+                    //    ensures data is ready before this op runs)
+  READ_WORD,        // single CS: READ preamble + dummy + read one 16-bit word
+                    //   into read_result_. Loop HW_RDY gate ensures data ready.
+  CHECK_LUT_IDLE,   // checks read_result_; if non-zero, re-enqueues read sequence
+  SET_1BPP,         // uses read_result_ to set UP1SR bit 2, enqueues writes
+  XFER_LISAR,       // set image-buffer target address (2× reg write: 4 CS transactions)
+  XFER_AREA_CMD,    // single CS: CMD preamble + TCON_LD_IMG_AREA
+  XFER_AREA_ARGS,   // single CS: WRITE preamble + 5 area-parameter words
+  XFER_ROWS,        // single CS: WRITE preamble + row pixel data (time-sliced)
+  XFER_AREA_END,    // single CS: CMD preamble + TCON_LD_IMG_END
+  DPY_BUF_CMD,      // single CS: CMD preamble + I80_CMD_DPY_BUF_AREA
+  DPY_BUF_ARGS,     // single CS: WRITE preamble + 7 display-area words
+  GPIO_RESET_LOW,   // drive RESET pin low
+  GPIO_RESET_HIGH,  // drive RESET pin high
+  DELAY_MS,         // park `delay_until_` for a few ms (no SPI)
+};
+
+struct Op {
+  OpType type;
+  uint16_t a{0};
+  uint16_t b{0};
+};
+
+// High-level controller phases. Each phase enqueues a sequence of Ops; when
+// the queue drains, advance_phase_() runs the next phase.
+// This separation keeps per-Op work tiny and predictable.
+enum class Phase : uint8_t {
+  IDLE,
+  // Initialisation
+  INIT_RESET,     // reset pulse + wake controller + packed-write enable
+  INIT_DEV_INFO,  // GET_DEV_INFO and validate
+  INIT_VCOM,      // write configured VCOM
+  INIT_TEMP,      // force temperature for waveform LUT selection
+  INIT_DONE,      // allocate framebuffer; transition to IDLE
+  // Update flow
+  UPDATE_PREPARE,   // do_update_, compute dirty region, decide 4bpp/1bpp
+  UPDATE_TRANSFER,  // one LD_IMG_AREA, time-sliced row streaming, one LD_IMG_END
+  UPDATE_REFRESH,   // wait LUT idle, optionally enable 1bpp, send DPY_BUF_AREA
+  UPDATE_SLEEP,     // optional deep sleep
+};
+
+class IT8951Display : public Display,
+                      public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_LOW, spi::CLOCK_PHASE_LEADING,
+                                            spi::DATA_RATE_2MHZ> {
+ public:
+  IT8951Display(const char *name, uint16_t width, uint16_t height) : name_(name), width_(width), height_(height) {
+    this->row_width_ = this->compute_row_width_();
+    this->buffer_length_ = static_cast<size_t>(this->row_width_) * static_cast<size_t>(height);
+  }
+
+  // --- Component lifecycle ---
+  void setup() override;
+  void loop() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  void on_safe_shutdown() override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::PROCESSOR; }
+
+  // --- Config setters (called from generated code) ---
+  void set_reset_pin(GPIOPin *pin) { this->reset_pin_ = pin; }
+  void set_busy_pin(GPIOPin *pin) { this->busy_pin_ = pin; }
+  void set_enable_pins(std::vector<GPIOPin *> pins) { this->enable_pins_ = std::move(pins); }
+  void set_reset_duration(uint32_t ms) { this->reset_duration_ = ms; }
+  void set_full_update_every(uint8_t n) {
+    this->full_update_every_ = n;
+    // Seed the counter so the very first update trips the full-update branch in
+    // prepare_update_region_, giving a freshly-booted panel a clean GC16 refresh
+    // before any partial (fast-waveform) updates begin.
+    this->partial_update_count_ = n;
+  }
+  void set_invert_colors(bool invert_colors) { this->invert_colors_ = invert_colors; }
+  void set_sleep_when_done(bool s) { this->sleep_when_done_ = s; }
+  void set_vcom(uint16_t vcom_mv) { this->vcom_ = vcom_mv; }
+  void set_vcom_register(uint16_t selector) { this->vcom_register_ = selector; }
+  void set_force_temperature(int16_t celsius) {
+    this->force_temperature_ = celsius;
+    this->force_temperature_set_ = true;
+  }
+  void set_use_legacy_dpy_area(bool use) { this->use_legacy_dpy_area_ = use; }
+  // Pixel format: true = 4bpp grayscale framebuffer, false = packed 1bpp
+  // monochrome framebuffer. Chosen at config time; the framebuffer is stored
+  // in this native format and every update uses the matching transfer path.
+  void set_grayscale(bool g) { this->grayscale_ = g; }
+  // Monochrome only: ordered-dither pale colours (true) vs a hard 50% threshold.
+  void set_dithering(bool d) { this->dithering_ = d; }
+  void set_update_mode(uint16_t m) { this->default_update_mode_ = static_cast<UpdateMode>(m); }
+  void set_transform(uint8_t t) {
+    this->transform_ = t;
+    this->update_effective_transform_();
+  }
+  void set_rotation(DisplayRotation rotation) override {
+    Display::set_rotation(rotation);
+    this->update_effective_transform_();
+  }
+
+  // --- Display API ---
+  void update() override;
+  void update_mode(UpdateMode mode);
+  DisplayType get_display_type() override { return this->grayscale_ ? DISPLAY_TYPE_GRAYSCALE : DISPLAY_TYPE_BINARY; }
+  void fill(Color color) override;
+  void clear() override { this->fill(Color::WHITE); }
+  void draw_pixel_at(int x, int y, Color color) override;
+  // Bulk pixel blit (used by LVGL and image rendering). Overridden to write
+  // straight into the framebuffer, avoiding the base class's per-pixel
+  // draw_pixel_at overhead (watchdog feed, clipping test, dirty-box clamps).
+  void draw_pixels_at(int x_start, int y_start, int w, int h, const uint8_t *ptr, ColorOrder order,
+                      ColorBitness bitness, bool big_endian, int x_offset, int y_offset, int x_pad) override;
+  int get_width() override { return (this->effective_transform_ & TRANSFORM_SWAP_XY) ? this->height_ : this->width_; }
+  int get_height() override { return (this->effective_transform_ & TRANSFORM_SWAP_XY) ? this->width_ : this->height_; }
+
+ protected:
+  int get_height_internal() override { return this->height_; }
+  int get_width_internal() override { return this->width_; }
+
+  // --- Coord transform / dirty region ---
+  void update_effective_transform_();
+  // Map display (logical) coordinates to native framebuffer coordinates by
+  // applying effective_transform_ (swap/mirror). Shared by rotate_coordinates_
+  // and the bulk draw_pixels_at path.
+  void apply_transform_(int &x, int &y) const;
+  bool rotate_coordinates_(int &x, int &y);
+  void reset_dirty_region_();
+
+  // --- Framebuffer geometry / monochrome packing ---
+  // Bytes per row for the configured pixel format: 4bpp grayscale packs two
+  // pixels per byte; monochrome packs eight bits per byte, rounded up to a
+  // whole 16-pixel group (matching the controller's 8bpp-load / 1bpp trick).
+  uint16_t compute_row_width_() const {
+    return this->grayscale_ ? static_cast<uint16_t>((static_cast<uint32_t>(this->width_) + 1) / 2)
+                            : static_cast<uint16_t>(((static_cast<uint32_t>(this->width_) + 15) / 16) * 2);
+  }
+  void set_mono_pixel_(uint16_t x, uint16_t y, bool value) const;
+  // Write a 4bpp grayscale nibble into the framebuffer (two pixels per byte).
+  void set_gray_pixel_(uint16_t x, uint16_t y, uint8_t nibble) const;
+  // Convert a color and write it at native framebuffer coordinates: a 4bpp
+  // nibble in grayscale mode, or an ordered-dithered bit in monochrome mode.
+  void write_pixel_native_(uint16_t x, uint16_t y, const Color &color) const;
+
+  // --- Op queue / loop machinery ---
+  void enqueue_(OpType type, uint16_t a = 0, uint16_t b = 0);
+  void prepend_(OpType type, uint16_t a = 0, uint16_t b = 0);
+  bool is_busy_() const;
+  void process_op_(const Op &op);
+  void advance_phase_();
+  void set_phase_(Phase next);
+  void start_update_(UpdateMode mode);
+
+  // --- SPI primitives (each is one CS-asserted burst, fully non-blocking) ---
+  void spi_cmd_(uint16_t cmd);
+  void spi_write_word_(uint16_t value);
+  void spi_write_reg_(uint16_t addr, uint16_t value);
+  void spi_write_args_(const uint16_t *args, uint16_t count);
+  uint16_t spi_read_word_();  // non-blocking: HW_RDY confirmed by loop gate
+  void spi_read_dev_info_();  // non-blocking: HW_RDY confirmed by loop gate
+
+  // --- Compound Ops (small bounded helpers) ---
+  void op_xfer_lisar_();
+  void op_xfer_area_args_();
+  void op_xfer_area_end_();
+  bool op_xfer_rows_();  // returns true when current update area fully sent
+  void op_dpy_buf_args_();
+  void op_check_lut_idle_();
+  void op_set_1bpp_();
+
+  // --- Phase enqueuers ---
+  void enqueue_init_reset_();
+  void enqueue_init_dev_info_();
+  void enqueue_init_vcom_();
+  void enqueue_init_temp_();
+  void enqueue_update_transfer_();
+  void enqueue_update_refresh_();
+  void enqueue_update_sleep_();
+
+  bool prepare_update_region_(UpdateMode &mode);
+
+  // --- Recovery ---
+  void recover_();
+
+  // --- State ---
+  static constexpr uint32_t BUSY_TIMEOUT_MS = 5000;
+
+  StaticOpQueue<Op, OP_QUEUE_SIZE> queue_;
+  Phase phase_{Phase::IDLE};
+  uint32_t delay_until_{0};
+  uint32_t phase_started_at_{0};
+  // Requests a continuous (non-throttled) main loop while streaming image data
+  // so 20ms transfer slices aren't separated by the ~16ms default loop interval.
+  HighFrequencyLoopRequester high_freq_;
+
+  // Pending update bookkeeping
+  bool update_pending_{false};
+  UpdateMode pending_update_mode_{UPDATE_MODE_NONE};
+  UpdateMode active_mode_{UPDATE_MODE_NONE};
+  uint16_t area_x_{0}, area_y_{0}, area_w_{0}, area_h_{0};
+  uint16_t transfer_row_{0};
+  bool initialised_{false};
+  // True once TCON_SLEEP has been sent and the controller has not been woken
+  // since. The next update must issue TCON_SYS_RUN before any SPI op.
+  bool asleep_{false};
+  uint32_t partial_update_count_{0};
+  uint32_t update_started_at_{0};
+
+  // Read result storage for decomposed read-modify-write op sequences
+  uint16_t read_result_{0};
+
+  // Device info
+  DevInfo dev_info_{};
+  uint16_t img_buf_addr_l_{0};
+  uint16_t img_buf_addr_h_{0};
+
+  // Configured properties
+  const char *name_;
+  uint16_t width_;
+  uint16_t height_;
+  uint16_t row_width_;
+  size_t buffer_length_{};
+  uint8_t *buffer_{};
+  uint8_t transform_{0};
+  uint8_t effective_transform_{0};
+  uint8_t full_update_every_{1};
+  uint32_t reset_duration_{10};
+  uint16_t vcom_{2300};
+  uint16_t vcom_register_{I80_CMD_VCOM_WRITE};
+  int16_t force_temperature_{DEFAULT_FORCE_TEMP_C};
+  bool force_temperature_set_{false};
+  bool use_legacy_dpy_area_{false};
+  bool invert_colors_{false};
+  bool sleep_when_done_{false};
+  // Pixel format selector (see set_grayscale): true = 4bpp grayscale,
+  // false = packed 1bpp monochrome.
+  bool grayscale_{true};
+  // Monochrome dithering (see set_dithering): true = ordered dither.
+  bool dithering_{true};
+  UpdateMode default_update_mode_{UPDATE_MODE_NONE};
+  GPIOPin *reset_pin_{nullptr};
+  GPIOPin *busy_pin_{nullptr};
+  // GPIOs driven high during setup to power on the panel (empty if unused).
+  std::vector<GPIOPin *> enable_pins_;
+
+  // Dirty region (pixel coordinates of bounding box of changes since last update)
+  uint16_t x_low_{0}, y_low_{0}, x_high_{0}, y_high_{0};
+
+  // Saved data rate so we can probe slow then run fast
+  uint32_t configured_data_rate_{0};
+
+  // Consecutive recovery attempts; used to give up rather than infinite-loop
+  // when the controller is unresponsive (e.g. wiring issue).
+  uint8_t recovery_attempts_{0};
+
+  // DevInfo read retry counter (controller often returns garbage on the first
+  // read after reset; the original driver retried up to 3 times with 100ms
+  // between attempts).
+  uint8_t dev_info_attempts_{0};
+};
+
+// --- Automation action ---
+template<typename... Ts> class IT8951UpdateAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  explicit IT8951UpdateAction(IT8951Display *display) : display_(display) {}
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(UpdateMode, mode)
+
+ protected:
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
+    if (!this->display_->is_ready())
+      return;
+    if (this->mode_.has_value()) {
+      this->display_->update_mode(this->mode_.value(x...));
+    } else {
+      this->display_->update();
+    }
+  }
+
+  IT8951Display *display_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::it8951

esphome/components/it8951/it8951_defs.h

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace esphome::it8951 {
+
+struct DevInfo {
+  uint16_t panel_width{0};
+  uint16_t panel_height{0};
+  uint16_t img_buf_addr_l{0};
+  uint16_t img_buf_addr_h{0};
+  uint16_t fw_version[8]{};
+  uint16_t lut_version[8]{};
+};
+
+// --- IT8951 SPI packet preambles ---
+static constexpr uint16_t PACKET_TYPE_CMD = 0x6000;
+static constexpr uint16_t PACKET_TYPE_WRITE = 0x0000;
+static constexpr uint16_t PACKET_TYPE_READ = 0x1000;
+
+// --- Built-in I80 commands ---
+static constexpr uint16_t TCON_SYS_RUN = 0x0001;
+static constexpr uint16_t TCON_STANDBY = 0x0002;
+static constexpr uint16_t TCON_SLEEP = 0x0003;
+static constexpr uint16_t TCON_REG_RD = 0x0010;
+static constexpr uint16_t TCON_REG_WR = 0x0011;
+
+static constexpr uint16_t TCON_LD_IMG = 0x0020;
+static constexpr uint16_t TCON_LD_IMG_AREA = 0x0021;
+static constexpr uint16_t TCON_LD_IMG_END = 0x0022;
+
+// --- I80 user-defined commands ---
+static constexpr uint16_t I80_CMD_DPY_AREA = 0x0034;
+static constexpr uint16_t I80_CMD_GET_DEV_INFO = 0x0302;
+static constexpr uint16_t I80_CMD_DPY_BUF_AREA = 0x0037;
+static constexpr uint16_t I80_CMD_VCOM = 0x0039;
+static constexpr uint16_t I80_CMD_VCOM_READ = 0x0000;
+// VCOM write selectors. Different IT8951-driven panels accept different
+// selector values for the VCOM SET sub-command. Most panels (m5stack-m5paper,
+// generic dev kits) accept 0x0001. Some panels — notably the Seeed
+// reTerminal E1003 — only respond to selector 0x0002 and silently ignore
+// 0x0001, leaving VCOM at its default and making grayscale waveforms
+// (GC16/GL16) ineffective even though INIT still works.
+static constexpr uint16_t I80_CMD_VCOM_WRITE = 0x0001;
+static constexpr uint16_t I80_CMD_VCOM_WRITE_ALT = 0x0002;
+
+// Force temperature command. The IT8951 selects waveform LUTs based on
+// panel temperature; if it is left at the controller default, panels with
+// auto-temperature disabled (notably the Seeed reTerminal E1003) will
+// run waveforms against a mismatched LUT, leaving pixels visually
+// unchanged even though the LUT engine completes a full cycle. The
+// selector word selects the operation (0x0001 = write); the value word
+// is the temperature in degrees Celsius.
+static constexpr uint16_t I80_CMD_FORCE_TEMP = 0x0040;
+static constexpr uint16_t I80_CMD_FORCE_TEMP_WRITE = 0x0001;
+static constexpr int16_t DEFAULT_FORCE_TEMP_C = 25;
+
+// --- Pixel mode (bits per pixel encoding) ---
+static constexpr uint8_t PIXEL_2BPP = 0;
+static constexpr uint8_t PIXEL_3BPP = 1;
+static constexpr uint8_t PIXEL_4BPP = 2;
+static constexpr uint8_t PIXEL_8BPP = 3;
+
+// --- Endian flags for LD_IMG_AREA ---
+static constexpr uint8_t LDIMG_L_ENDIAN = 0;
+static constexpr uint8_t LDIMG_B_ENDIAN = 1;
+
+// --- SPI probe frequency used for initial controller handshake ---
+static constexpr uint32_t SPI_PROBE_FREQUENCY = 1'000'000;
+
+// --- Refresh modes ---
+/*
+ INIT The initialization (INIT) mode is
+ used to completely erase the display and leave it in the white state. It is
+ useful for situations where the display information in memory is not a faithful
+ representation of the optical state of the display, for example, after the
+ device receives power after it has been fully powered down. This waveform
+ switches the display several times and leaves it in the white state.
+
+ DU
+ The direct update (DU) is a very fast, non-flashy update. This mode supports
+ transitions from any graytone to black or white only. It cannot be used to
+ update to any graytone other than black or white. The fast update time for this
+ mode makes it useful for response to touch sensor or pen input or menu selection
+ indictors.
+
+ GC16
+ The grayscale clearing (GC16) mode is used to update the full display and
+ provide a high image quality. When GC16 is used with Full Display Update the
+ entire display will update as the new image is written. If a Partial Update
+ command is used the only pixels with changing graytone values will update. The
+ GC16 mode has 16 unique gray levels.
+
+ GL16
+ The GL16 waveform is primarily used to update sparse content on a white
+ background, such as a page of anti-aliased text, with reduced flash. The
+ GL16 waveform has 16 unique gray levels.
+
+ GLR16
+ The GLR16 mode is used in conjunction with an image preprocessing algorithm to
+ update sparse content on a white background with reduced flash and reduced image
+ artifacts. The GLR16 mode supports 16 graytones. If only the even pixel states
+ are used (0, 2, 4, … 30), the mode will behave exactly as a traditional GL16
+ waveform mode. If a separately-supplied image preprocessing algorithm is used,
+ the transitions invoked by the pixel states 29 and 31 are used to improve
+ display quality. For the AF waveform, it is assured that the GLR16 waveform data
+ will point to the same voltage lists as the GL16 data and does not need to be
+ stored in a separate memory.
+
+ GLD16
+ The GLD16 mode is used in conjunction with an image preprocessing algorithm to
+ update sparse content on a white background with reduced flash and reduced image
+ artifacts. It is recommended to be used only with the full display update. The
+ GLD16 mode supports 16 graytones. If only the even pixel states are used (0, 2,
+ 4, … 30), the mode will behave exactly as a traditional GL16 waveform mode. If a
+ separately-supplied image preprocessing algorithm is used, the transitions
+ invoked by the pixel states 29 and 31 are used to refresh the background with a
+ lighter flash compared to GC16 mode following a predetermined pixel map as
+ encoded in the waveform file, and reduce image artifacts even more compared to
+ the GLR16 mode. For the AF waveform, it is assured that the GLD16 waveform data
+ will point to the same voltage lists as the GL16 data and does not need to be
+ stored in a separate memory.
+
+ DU4
+ The DU4 is a fast update time (similar to DU), non-flashy waveform. This mode
+ supports transitions from any gray tone to gray tones 1,6,11,16 represented by
+ pixel states [0 10 20 30]. The combination of fast update time and four gray
+ tones make it useful for anti-aliased text in menus. There is a moderate
+ increase in ghosting compared with GC16.
+
+ A2
+ The A2 mode is a fast, non-flash update mode designed for fast paging turning or
+ simple black/white animation. This mode supports transitions from and to black
+ or white only. It cannot be used to update to any graytone other than black or
+ white. The recommended update sequence to transition into repeated A2 updates is
+ shown in Figure 1. The use of a white image in the transition from 4-bit to
+ 1-bit images will reduce ghosting and improve image quality for A2 updates.
+ */
+enum UpdateMode : uint16_t {
+  UPDATE_MODE_INIT = 0,
+  UPDATE_MODE_DU = 1,
+  UPDATE_MODE_GC16 = 2,
+  UPDATE_MODE_GL16 = 3,
+  UPDATE_MODE_GLR16 = 4,
+  UPDATE_MODE_GLD16 = 5,
+  UPDATE_MODE_DU4 = 6,
+  UPDATE_MODE_A2 = 7,
+  UPDATE_MODE_NONE = 8,
+};
+
+// --- Registers ---
+static constexpr uint16_t DISPLAY_REG_BASE = 0x1000;
+static constexpr uint16_t UP1SR = DISPLAY_REG_BASE + 0x138;
+static constexpr uint16_t LUTAFSR = DISPLAY_REG_BASE + 0x224;
+static constexpr uint16_t BGVR = DISPLAY_REG_BASE + 0x250;
+
+static constexpr uint16_t I80CPCR = 0x0004;
+
+static constexpr uint16_t MCSR_BASE_ADDR = 0x0200;
+static constexpr uint16_t LISAR = MCSR_BASE_ADDR + 0x0008;
+
+// Display orientation flags
+static constexpr uint8_t TRANSFORM_NONE = 0;
+static constexpr uint8_t TRANSFORM_MIRROR_X = 1;
+static constexpr uint8_t TRANSFORM_MIRROR_Y = 2;
+static constexpr uint8_t TRANSFORM_SWAP_XY = 4;
+
+}  // namespace esphome::it8951

esphome/components/libretiny/__init__.py

@@ -211,14 +211,14 @@ def _notify_old_style(config):
 # The dev and latest branches will be at *least* this version, which is what matters.
 # Use GitHub releases directly to avoid PlatformIO moderation delays.
 ARDUINO_VERSIONS = {
-    "dev": (cv.Version(1, 12, 1), "https://github.com/libretiny-eu/libretiny.git"),
+    "dev": (cv.Version(1, 13, 0), "https://github.com/libretiny-eu/libretiny.git"),
     "latest": (
-        cv.Version(1, 12, 1),
-        "https://github.com/libretiny-eu/libretiny.git#v1.12.1",
+        cv.Version(1, 13, 0),
+        "https://github.com/libretiny-eu/libretiny.git#v1.13.0",
     ),
     "recommended": (
-        cv.Version(1, 12, 1),
-        "https://github.com/libretiny-eu/libretiny.git#v1.12.1",
+        cv.Version(1, 13, 0),
+        "https://github.com/libretiny-eu/libretiny.git#v1.13.0",
     ),
 }
 

esphome/components/libretiny/generate_components.py

@@ -359,7 +359,9 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     check_base_code(BASE_CODE_INIT)
     # list all boards from ltchiptool
     components_dir = Path(__file__).parent.parent
-    boards = [Board(b) for b in Board.get_list()]
+    # Board.get_list() returns glob (filesystem) order, which is non-deterministic
+    # and produces noisy diffs on regeneration; sort by board id for stable output.
+    boards = sorted((Board(b) for b in Board.get_list()), key=lambda b: b.name)
     # keep track of all supported root- and chip-families
     components = set()
     families = {}

esphome/components/light/light_color_values.h

@@ -315,14 +315,14 @@ class LightColorValues {
     if (this->color_temperature_ <= 0) {
       return this->color_temperature_;
     }
-    return 1000000.0 / this->color_temperature_;
+    return 1000000.0f / this->color_temperature_;
   }
   /// Set the color temperature property of these light color values in kelvin.
   void set_color_temperature_kelvin(float color_temperature) {
     if (color_temperature <= 0) {
       return;
     }
-    this->color_temperature_ = 1000000.0 / color_temperature;
+    this->color_temperature_ = 1000000.0f / color_temperature;
   }
 
   /// Get the cold white property of these light color values. In range 0.0 to 1.0.

esphome/components/light/transformers.h

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class LightTransitionTransformer : public LightTransformer {
     LightColorValues &start = this->changing_color_mode_ && p > 0.5f ? this->intermediate_values_ : this->start_values_;
     LightColorValues &end = this->changing_color_mode_ && p < 0.5f ? this->intermediate_values_ : this->end_values_;
     if (this->changing_color_mode_)
-      p = p < 0.5f ? p * 2 : (p - 0.5) * 2;
+      p = p < 0.5f ? p * 2 : (p - 0.5f) * 2;
 
     float v = LightTransformer::smoothed_progress(p);
     return LightColorValues::lerp(start, end, v);

esphome/components/ln882x/boards.py

@@ -15,26 +15,38 @@ Any manual changes WILL BE LOST on regeneration.
 from esphome.components.libretiny.const import FAMILY_LN882H
 
 LN882X_BOARDS = {
-    "generic-ln882hki": {
-        "name": "Generic - LN882HKI",
+    "generic-ln882h": {
+        "name": "Generic - LN882H",
         "family": FAMILY_LN882H,
     },
-    "wb02a": {
-        "name": "WB02A Wi-Fi/BLE Module",
-        "family": FAMILY_LN882H,
-    },
-    "wl2s": {
-        "name": "WL2S Wi-Fi/BLE Module",
+    "generic-ln882h-tuya": {
+        "name": "Generic - LN882H (Tuya)",
         "family": FAMILY_LN882H,
     },
     "ln-02": {
         "name": "LN-02 Wi-Fi/BLE Module",
         "family": FAMILY_LN882H,
     },
+    "ln-cb3s-v1.0": {
+        "name": "LN-CB3S V1.0",
+        "family": FAMILY_LN882H,
+    },
+    "wb02a": {
+        "name": "WB02A Wi-Fi/BLE Module",
+        "family": FAMILY_LN882H,
+    },
+    "wl2h-u": {
+        "name": "WL2H-U Wi-Fi/BLE Module",
+        "family": FAMILY_LN882H,
+    },
+    "wl2s": {
+        "name": "WL2S Wi-Fi/BLE Module",
+        "family": FAMILY_LN882H,
+    },
 }
 
 LN882X_BOARD_PINS = {
-    "generic-ln882hki": {
+    "generic-ln882h": {
         "WIRE0_SCL_0": 0,
         "WIRE0_SCL_1": 1,
         "WIRE0_SCL_2": 2,
@@ -153,27 +165,292 @@ LN882X_BOARD_PINS = {
         "A6": 20,
         "A7": 21,
     },
+    "generic-ln882h-tuya": {
+        "WIRE0_SCL_0": 0,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_1": 1,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_2": 2,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_3": 3,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_4": 4,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_5": 5,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_6": 6,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_7": 7,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_8": 8,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_9": 9,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_10": 10,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_11": 11,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_12": 12,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_13": 19,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_14": 20,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_15": 21,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_16": 22,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_17": 23,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_18": 24,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_19": 25,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_0": 0,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_1": 1,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_2": 2,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_3": 3,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_4": 4,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_5": 5,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_6": 6,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_7": 7,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_8": 8,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_9": 9,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_10": 10,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_11": 11,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_12": 12,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_13": 19,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_14": 20,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_15": 21,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_16": 22,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_17": 23,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_18": 24,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_19": 25,
+        "SERIAL0_RX": 3,
+        "SERIAL0_TX": 2,
+        "SERIAL1_RX": 24,
+        "SERIAL1_TX": 25,
+        "ADC2": 0,
+        "ADC3": 1,
+        "ADC4": 4,
+        "ADC5": 19,
+        "ADC6": 20,
+        "ADC7": 21,
+        "PA00": 0,
+        "PA0": 0,
+        "PA01": 1,
+        "PA1": 1,
+        "PA02": 2,
+        "PA2": 2,
+        "PA03": 3,
+        "PA3": 3,
+        "PA04": 4,
+        "PA4": 4,
+        "PA05": 5,
+        "PA5": 5,
+        "PA06": 6,
+        "PA6": 6,
+        "PA07": 7,
+        "PA7": 7,
+        "PA08": 8,
+        "PA8": 8,
+        "PA09": 9,
+        "PA9": 9,
+        "PA10": 10,
+        "PA11": 11,
+        "PA12": 12,
+        "PB03": 19,
+        "PB3": 19,
+        "PB04": 20,
+        "PB4": 20,
+        "PB05": 21,
+        "PB5": 21,
+        "PB06": 22,
+        "PB6": 22,
+        "PB07": 23,
+        "PB7": 23,
+        "PB08": 24,
+        "PB8": 24,
+        "PB09": 25,
+        "PB9": 25,
+        "RX0": 3,
+        "RX1": 24,
+        "TX0": 2,
+        "TX1": 25,
+        "D0": 0,
+        "D1": 1,
+        "D2": 2,
+        "D3": 3,
+        "D4": 4,
+        "D5": 5,
+        "D6": 6,
+        "D7": 7,
+        "D8": 8,
+        "D9": 9,
+        "D10": 10,
+        "D11": 11,
+        "D12": 12,
+        "D13": 19,
+        "D14": 20,
+        "D15": 21,
+        "D16": 22,
+        "D17": 23,
+        "D18": 24,
+        "D19": 25,
+        "A2": 0,
+        "A3": 1,
+        "A4": 4,
+        "A5": 19,
+        "A6": 20,
+        "A7": 21,
+    },
+    "ln-02": {
+        "WIRE0_SCL_0": 0,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_1": 1,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_2": 2,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_3": 3,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_4": 9,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_5": 11,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_6": 19,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_7": 24,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_8": 25,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_0": 0,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_1": 1,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_2": 2,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_3": 3,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_4": 9,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_5": 11,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_6": 19,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_7": 24,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_8": 25,
+        "SERIAL0_RX": 3,
+        "SERIAL0_TX": 2,
+        "SERIAL1_RX": 24,
+        "SERIAL1_TX": 25,
+        "ADC2": 0,
+        "ADC3": 1,
+        "ADC5": 19,
+        "PA00": 0,
+        "PA0": 0,
+        "PA01": 1,
+        "PA1": 1,
+        "PA02": 2,
+        "PA2": 2,
+        "PA03": 3,
+        "PA3": 3,
+        "PA09": 9,
+        "PA9": 9,
+        "PA11": 11,
+        "PB03": 19,
+        "PB3": 19,
+        "PB08": 24,
+        "PB8": 24,
+        "PB09": 25,
+        "PB9": 25,
+        "RX0": 3,
+        "RX1": 24,
+        "SCL0": 9,
+        "SDA0": 9,
+        "TX0": 2,
+        "TX1": 25,
+        "D0": 11,
+        "D1": 19,
+        "D2": 3,
+        "D3": 24,
+        "D4": 2,
+        "D5": 25,
+        "D6": 1,
+        "D7": 0,
+        "D8": 9,
+        "A0": 19,
+        "A1": 1,
+        "A2": 0,
+    },
+    "ln-cb3s-v1.0": {
+        "WIRE0_SCL_0": 0,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_1": 1,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_2": 2,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_3": 3,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_4": 4,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_5": 5,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_6": 6,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_7": 9,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_8": 11,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_9": 20,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_10": 21,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_11": 22,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_12": 25,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_0": 0,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_1": 1,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_2": 2,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_3": 3,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_4": 4,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_5": 5,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_6": 6,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_7": 9,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_8": 11,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_9": 20,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_10": 21,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_11": 22,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_12": 25,
+        "SERIAL0_RX": 3,
+        "SERIAL0_TX": 2,
+        "SERIAL1_TX": 25,
+        "ADC2": 0,
+        "ADC3": 1,
+        "ADC4": 4,
+        "ADC6": 20,
+        "ADC7": 21,
+        "PA00": 0,
+        "PA0": 0,
+        "PA01": 1,
+        "PA1": 1,
+        "PA02": 2,
+        "PA2": 2,
+        "PA03": 3,
+        "PA3": 3,
+        "PA04": 4,
+        "PA4": 4,
+        "PA05": 5,
+        "PA5": 5,
+        "PA06": 6,
+        "PA6": 6,
+        "PA09": 9,
+        "PA9": 9,
+        "PA11": 11,
+        "PB04": 20,
+        "PB4": 20,
+        "PB05": 21,
+        "PB5": 21,
+        "PB06": 22,
+        "PB6": 22,
+        "PB09": 25,
+        "PB9": 25,
+        "RX0": 3,
+        "TX0": 2,
+        "TX1": 25,
+        "D0": 0,
+        "D1": 1,
+        "D2": 4,
+        "D3": 5,
+        "D4": 6,
+        "D5": 20,
+        "D6": 25,
+        "D7": 9,
+        "D8": 21,
+        "D9": 22,
+        "D10": 3,
+        "D11": 2,
+        "D12": 11,
+        "A0": 0,
+        "A1": 1,
+        "A2": 4,
+        "A3": 20,
+        "A4": 21,
+    },
     "wb02a": {
         "WIRE0_SCL_0": 1,
         "WIRE0_SCL_1": 2,
         "WIRE0_SCL_2": 3,
         "WIRE0_SCL_3": 4,
         "WIRE0_SCL_4": 5,
-        "WIRE0_SCL_5": 7,
-        "WIRE0_SCL_6": 9,
-        "WIRE0_SCL_7": 10,
-        "WIRE0_SCL_8": 24,
-        "WIRE0_SCL_9": 25,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_5": 6,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_6": 7,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_7": 9,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_8": 10,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_9": 24,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_10": 25,
         "WIRE0_SDA_0": 1,
         "WIRE0_SDA_1": 2,
         "WIRE0_SDA_2": 3,
         "WIRE0_SDA_3": 4,
         "WIRE0_SDA_4": 5,
-        "WIRE0_SDA_5": 7,
-        "WIRE0_SDA_6": 9,
-        "WIRE0_SDA_7": 10,
-        "WIRE0_SDA_8": 24,
-        "WIRE0_SDA_9": 25,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_5": 6,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_6": 7,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_7": 9,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_8": 10,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_9": 24,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_10": 25,
         "SERIAL0_RX": 3,
         "SERIAL0_TX": 2,
         "SERIAL1_RX": 24,
@@ -190,6 +467,8 @@ LN882X_BOARD_PINS = {
         "PA4": 4,
         "PA05": 5,
         "PA5": 5,
+        "PA06": 6,
+        "PA6": 6,
         "PA07": 7,
         "PA7": 7,
         "PA09": 9,
@@ -206,18 +485,128 @@ LN882X_BOARD_PINS = {
         "TX0": 2,
         "TX1": 25,
         "D0": 7,
-        "D1": 5,
+        "D1": 6,
         "D2": 3,
         "D3": 10,
         "D4": 2,
         "D5": 1,
         "D6": 4,
-        "D7": 9,
-        "D8": 24,
-        "D9": 25,
+        "D7": 5,
+        "D8": 9,
+        "D9": 24,
+        "D10": 25,
         "A0": 1,
         "A1": 4,
     },
+    "wl2h-u": {
+        "WIRE0_SCL_0": 0,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_1": 1,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_2": 2,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_3": 3,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_4": 4,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_5": 5,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_6": 6,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_7": 7,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_8": 10,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_9": 11,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_10": 12,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_11": 19,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_12": 20,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_13": 21,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_14": 22,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_15": 23,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_16": 24,
+        "WIRE0_SCL_17": 25,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_0": 0,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_1": 1,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_2": 2,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_3": 3,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_4": 4,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_5": 5,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_6": 6,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_7": 7,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_8": 10,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_9": 11,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_10": 12,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_11": 19,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_12": 20,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_13": 21,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_14": 22,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_15": 23,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_16": 24,
+        "WIRE0_SDA_17": 25,
+        "SERIAL0_RX": 3,
+        "SERIAL0_TX": 2,
+        "SERIAL1_RX": 24,
+        "SERIAL1_TX": 25,
+        "ADC2": 0,
+        "ADC3": 1,
+        "ADC4": 4,
+        "ADC5": 19,
+        "ADC6": 20,
+        "ADC7": 21,
+        "PA00": 0,
+        "PA0": 0,
+        "PA01": 1,
+        "PA1": 1,
+        "PA02": 2,
+        "PA2": 2,
+        "PA03": 3,
+        "PA3": 3,
+        "PA04": 4,
+        "PA4": 4,
+        "PA05": 5,
+        "PA5": 5,
+        "PA06": 6,
+        "PA6": 6,
+        "PA07": 7,
+        "PA7": 7,
+        "PA10": 10,
+        "PA11": 11,
+        "PA12": 12,
+        "PB03": 19,
+        "PB3": 19,
+        "PB04": 20,
+        "PB4": 20,
+        "PB05": 21,
+        "PB5": 21,
+        "PB06": 22,
+        "PB6": 22,
+        "PB07": 23,
+        "PB7": 23,
+        "PB08": 24,
+        "PB8": 24,
+        "PB09": 25,
+        "PB9": 25,
+        "RX0": 3,
+        "RX1": 24,
+        "TX0": 2,
+        "TX1": 25,
+        "D0": 5,
+        "D1": 6,
+        "D2": 4,
+        "D3": 1,
+        "D4": 0,
+        "D5": 24,
+        "D6": 25,
+        "D7": 7,
+        "D8": 10,
+        "D9": 11,
+        "D10": 12,
+        "D11": 19,
+        "D12": 2,
+        "D13": 3,
+        "D14": 20,
+        "D15": 21,
+        "D16": 22,
+        "D17": 23,
+        "A0": 4,
+        "A1": 1,
+        "A2": 0,
+        "A3": 19,
+        "A4": 20,
+        "A5": 21,
+    },
     "wl2s": {
         "WIRE0_SCL_0": 0,
         "WIRE0_SCL_1": 1,
@@ -298,68 +687,6 @@ LN882X_BOARD_PINS = {
         "A1": 19,
         "A2": 1,
     },
-    "ln-02": {
-        "WIRE0_SCL_0": 0,
-        "WIRE0_SCL_1": 1,
-        "WIRE0_SCL_2": 2,
-        "WIRE0_SCL_3": 3,
-        "WIRE0_SCL_4": 9,
-        "WIRE0_SCL_5": 11,
-        "WIRE0_SCL_6": 19,
-        "WIRE0_SCL_7": 24,
-        "WIRE0_SCL_8": 25,
-        "WIRE0_SDA_0": 0,
-        "WIRE0_SDA_1": 1,
-        "WIRE0_SDA_2": 2,
-        "WIRE0_SDA_3": 3,
-        "WIRE0_SDA_4": 9,
-        "WIRE0_SDA_5": 11,
-        "WIRE0_SDA_6": 19,
-        "WIRE0_SDA_7": 24,
-        "WIRE0_SDA_8": 25,
-        "SERIAL0_RX": 3,
-        "SERIAL0_TX": 2,
-        "SERIAL1_RX": 24,
-        "SERIAL1_TX": 25,
-        "ADC2": 0,
-        "ADC3": 1,
-        "ADC5": 19,
-        "PA00": 0,
-        "PA0": 0,
-        "PA01": 1,
-        "PA1": 1,
-        "PA02": 2,
-        "PA2": 2,
-        "PA03": 3,
-        "PA3": 3,
-        "PA09": 9,
-        "PA9": 9,
-        "PA11": 11,
-        "PB03": 19,
-        "PB3": 19,
-        "PB08": 24,
-        "PB8": 24,
-        "PB09": 25,
-        "PB9": 25,
-        "RX0": 3,
-        "RX1": 24,
-        "SCL0": 9,
-        "SDA0": 9,
-        "TX0": 2,
-        "TX1": 25,
-        "D0": 11,
-        "D1": 19,
-        "D2": 3,
-        "D3": 24,
-        "D4": 2,
-        "D5": 25,
-        "D6": 1,
-        "D7": 0,
-        "D8": 9,
-        "A0": 19,
-        "A1": 1,
-        "A2": 0,
-    },
 }
 
 BOARDS = LN882X_BOARDS

esphome/components/ltr390/ltr390.cpp

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ void LTR390Component::read_als_() {
   uint32_t als = *val;
 
   if (this->light_sensor_ != nullptr) {
-    float lux = ((0.6 * als) / (GAINVALUES[this->gain_als_] * RESOLUTIONVALUE[this->res_als_])) * this->wfac_;
+    float lux = ((0.6f * als) / (GAINVALUES[this->gain_als_] * RESOLUTIONVALUE[this->res_als_])) * this->wfac_;
     this->light_sensor_->publish_state(lux);
   }
 

esphome/components/ltr501/ltr501.cpp

@@ -500,12 +500,12 @@ void LTRAlsPs501Component::apply_lux_calculation_(AlsReadings &data) {
   // method from
   // https://github.com/fards/Ainol_fire_kernel/blob/83832cf8a3082fd8e963230f4b1984479d1f1a84/customer/drivers/lightsensor/ltr501als.c#L295
 
-  if (ratio < 0.45) {
-    lux = 1.7743 * ch0 + 1.1059 * ch1;
-  } else if (ratio < 0.64) {
-    lux = 3.7725 * ch0 - 1.3363 * ch1;
-  } else if (ratio < 0.85) {
-    lux = 1.6903 * ch0 - 0.1693 * ch1;
+  if (ratio < 0.45f) {
+    lux = 1.7743f * ch0 + 1.1059f * ch1;
+  } else if (ratio < 0.64f) {
+    lux = 3.7725f * ch0 - 1.3363f * ch1;
+  } else if (ratio < 0.85f) {
+    lux = 1.6903f * ch0 - 0.1693f * ch1;
   } else {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Impossible ch1/(ch0 + ch1) ratio");
     lux = 0.0f;

esphome/components/ltr_als_ps/ltr_als_ps.cpp

@@ -480,12 +480,12 @@ void LTRAlsPsComponent::apply_lux_calculation_(AlsReadings &data) {
   float inv_pfactor = this->glass_attenuation_factor_;
   float lux = 0.0f;
 
-  if (ratio < 0.45) {
-    lux = (1.7743 * ch0 + 1.1059 * ch1);
-  } else if (ratio < 0.64 && ratio >= 0.45) {
-    lux = (4.2785 * ch0 - 1.9548 * ch1);
-  } else if (ratio < 0.85 && ratio >= 0.64) {
-    lux = (0.5926 * ch0 + 0.1185 * ch1);
+  if (ratio < 0.45f) {
+    lux = (1.7743f * ch0 + 1.1059f * ch1);
+  } else if (ratio < 0.64f && ratio >= 0.45f) {
+    lux = (4.2785f * ch0 - 1.9548f * ch1);
+  } else if (ratio < 0.85f && ratio >= 0.64f) {
+    lux = (0.5926f * ch0 + 0.1185f * ch1);
   } else {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Impossible ch1/(ch0 + ch1) ratio");
     lux = 0.0f;

esphome/components/max17043/max17043.cpp

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ void MAX17043Component::update() {
     if (!this->read_byte_16(MAX17043_VCELL, &raw_voltage)) {
       this->status_set_warning(LOG_STR("Unable to read MAX17043_VCELL"));
     } else {
-      float voltage = (1.25 * (float) (raw_voltage >> 4)) / 1000.0;
+      float voltage = (1.25f * (float) (raw_voltage >> 4)) / 1000.0f;
       this->voltage_sensor_->publish_state(voltage);
       this->status_clear_warning();
     }

esphome/components/mcp3204/mcp3204.cpp

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ float MCP3204::read_data(uint8_t pin, bool differential) {
   this->disable();
 
   uint16_t digital_value = encode_uint16(b0, b1) >> 4;
-  return float(digital_value) / 4096.000 * this->reference_voltage_;  // in V
+  return float(digital_value) / 4096.000f * this->reference_voltage_;  // in V
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::mcp3204

esphome/components/mcp4461/output/mcp4461_output.cpp

@@ -29,7 +29,9 @@ void Mcp4461Wiper::write_state(float state) {
   }
 }
 
-float Mcp4461Wiper::read_state() { return (static_cast<float>(this->parent_->get_wiper_level_(this->wiper_)) / 256.0); }
+float Mcp4461Wiper::read_state() {
+  return (static_cast<float>(this->parent_->get_wiper_level_(this->wiper_)) / 256.0f);
+}
 
 float Mcp4461Wiper::update_state() {
   this->state_ = this->read_state();

esphome/components/mcp4725/mcp4725.cpp

@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ void MCP4725::dump_config() {
 
 // https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/mcp4725-digital-to-analog-converter-hookup-guide?_ga=2.176055202.1402343014.1607953301-893095255.1606753886
 void MCP4725::write_state(float state) {
-  const uint16_t value = (uint16_t) round(state * (pow(2, MCP4725_RES) - 1));
+  constexpr uint16_t max_value = (1U << MCP4725_RES) - 1;
+  const uint16_t value = (uint16_t) roundf(state * max_value);
 
   this->write_byte_16(64, value << 4);
 }

esphome/components/mcp4725/mcp4725.h

@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h"
 
-static const uint8_t MCP4725_ADDR = 0x60;
-static const uint8_t MCP4725_RES = 12;
-
 namespace esphome::mcp4725 {
+
+static constexpr uint8_t MCP4725_ADDR = 0x60;
+static constexpr uint8_t MCP4725_RES = 12;
+
 class MCP4725 final : public Component, public output::FloatOutput, public i2c::I2CDevice {
  public:
   void setup() override;

esphome/components/mics_4514/mics_4514.cpp

@@ -71,10 +71,10 @@ void MICS4514Component::update() {
     float co = 0.0f;
     if (red_f > 3.4f) {
       co = 0.0;
-    } else if (red_f < 0.01) {
+    } else if (red_f < 0.01f) {
       co = 1000.0;
     } else {
-      co = 4.2 / pow(red_f, 1.2);
+      co = 4.2f / powf(red_f, 1.2f);
     }
     this->carbon_monoxide_sensor_->publish_state(co);
   }
@@ -84,47 +84,47 @@ void MICS4514Component::update() {
     if (ox_f < 0.3f) {
       nitrogendioxide = 0.0;
     } else {
-      nitrogendioxide = 0.164 * pow(ox_f, 0.975);
+      nitrogendioxide = 0.164f * powf(ox_f, 0.975f);
     }
     this->nitrogen_dioxide_sensor_->publish_state(nitrogendioxide);
   }
 
   if (this->methane_sensor_ != nullptr) {
     float methane = 0.0f;
-    if (red_f > 0.9f || red_f < 0.5) {  // outside the range->unlikely
+    if (red_f > 0.9f || red_f < 0.5f) {  // outside the range->unlikely
       methane = 0.0;
     } else {
-      methane = 630 / pow(red_f, 4.4);
+      methane = 630 / powf(red_f, 4.4f);
     }
     this->methane_sensor_->publish_state(methane);
   }
 
   if (this->ethanol_sensor_ != nullptr) {
     float ethanol = 0.0f;
-    if (red_f > 1.0f || red_f < 0.02) {  // outside the range->unlikely
+    if (red_f > 1.0f || red_f < 0.02f) {  // outside the range->unlikely
       ethanol = 0.0;
     } else {
-      ethanol = 1.52 / pow(red_f, 1.55);
+      ethanol = 1.52f / powf(red_f, 1.55f);
     }
     this->ethanol_sensor_->publish_state(ethanol);
   }
 
   if (this->hydrogen_sensor_ != nullptr) {
     float hydrogen = 0.0f;
-    if (red_f > 0.9f || red_f < 0.02) {  // outside the range->unlikely
+    if (red_f > 0.9f || red_f < 0.02f) {  // outside the range->unlikely
       hydrogen = 0.0;
     } else {
-      hydrogen = 0.85 / pow(red_f, 1.75);
+      hydrogen = 0.85f / powf(red_f, 1.75f);
     }
     this->hydrogen_sensor_->publish_state(hydrogen);
   }
 
   if (this->ammonia_sensor_ != nullptr) {
     float ammonia = 0.0f;
-    if (red_f > 0.98f || red_f < 0.2532) {  // outside the ammonia range->unlikely
+    if (red_f > 0.98f || red_f < 0.2532f) {  // outside the ammonia range->unlikely
       ammonia = 0.0;
     } else {
-      ammonia = 0.9 / pow(red_f, 4.6);
+      ammonia = 0.9f / powf(red_f, 4.6f);
     }
     this->ammonia_sensor_->publish_state(ammonia);
   }

esphome/components/mmc5603/mmc5603.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #include "mmc5603.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
+#include <numbers>
+
 namespace esphome::mmc5603 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "mmc5603";
@@ -143,7 +145,7 @@ void MMC5603Component::update() {
 
   const float z = 0.00625 * (raw_z - 524288);
 
-  const float heading = atan2f(0.0f - x, y) * 180.0f / M_PI;
+  const float heading = atan2f(0.0f - x, y) * 180.0f / std::numbers::pi_v<float>;
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Got x=%0.02fµT y=%0.02fµT z=%0.02fµT heading=%0.01f°", x, y, z, heading);
 
   if (this->x_sensor_ != nullptr)

esphome/components/modbus/__init__.py

@@ -124,7 +124,6 @@ async def register_modbus_client_device(var, config):
 
 async def register_modbus_server_device(var, config):
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MODBUS_ID])
-    cg.add(var.set_parent(parent))
     cg.add(var.set_address(config[CONF_ADDRESS]))
     cg.add(parent.register_device(var))
 

esphome/components/modbus/modbus.cpp

@@ -92,14 +92,10 @@ int32_t Modbus::tx_delay_remaining() {
 
 int32_t ModbusClientHub::tx_delay_remaining() {
   const uint32_t now = millis();
-  // Turnaround delay only applies after a broadcast: no response is expected, so we must give listening devices
-  // quiet time to process it before the next request. For normal unicast request/response the received reply already
-  // provides the inter-frame timing, so adding turnaround there just throttles throughput.
-  const uint16_t turnaround = this->last_send_was_broadcast_ ? this->turnaround_delay_ms_ : 0;
-  return std::max(
-      {(int32_t) 0,
-       (int32_t) (this->last_send_tx_offset_ + this->frame_delay_ms_ + turnaround - (now - this->last_send_)),
-       (int32_t) (this->frame_delay_ms_ + turnaround - (now - this->last_modbus_byte_))});
+  return std::max({(int32_t) 0,
+                   (int32_t) (this->last_send_tx_offset_ + this->frame_delay_ms_ + this->turnaround_delay_ms_ -
+                              (now - this->last_send_)),
+                   (int32_t) (this->frame_delay_ms_ + this->turnaround_delay_ms_ - (now - this->last_modbus_byte_))});
 }
 
 bool Modbus::tx_blocked() {
@@ -258,7 +254,7 @@ bool ModbusServerHub::parse_modbus_client_frame_() {
   std::memcpy(data, this->rx_buffer_.data() + data_offset, data_len);
   this->clear_rx_buffer_(LOG_STR("parse succeeded"), false, frame_length);
 
-  this->process_modbus_client_frame_(address, function_code, data, data_len);
+  this->process_modbus_client_frame_(address, function_code, data);
 
   return true;
 }
@@ -321,10 +317,8 @@ void ModbusClientHub::process_modbus_server_frame(uint8_t address, uint8_t funct
 }
 
 void ModbusServerHub::process_modbus_server_frame(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, const uint8_t *, uint16_t) {
-  for (auto *device : this->devices_) {
-    if (device->address_ == address) {
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unexpected response from address %" PRIu8 ", which is mapped to this device.", address);
-    }
+  if (this->find_device_(address) != nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unexpected response from address %" PRIu8 ", which is mapped to this device.", address);
   }
 
   if (this->expecting_peer_response_ == address) {
@@ -338,31 +332,124 @@ void ModbusServerHub::process_modbus_server_frame(uint8_t address, uint8_t funct
   this->expecting_peer_response_ = 0;
 }
 
-void ModbusServerHub::process_modbus_client_frame_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, const uint8_t *data,
-                                                   uint16_t len) {
-  bool found = false;
-
+ModbusServerDevice *ModbusServerHub::find_device_(uint8_t address) {
   for (auto *device : this->devices_) {
-    if (device->address_ == address) {
-      found = true;
-
-      if (static_cast<ModbusFunctionCode>(function_code) == ModbusFunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS ||
-          static_cast<ModbusFunctionCode>(function_code) == ModbusFunctionCode::READ_INPUT_REGISTERS) {
-        device->on_modbus_read_registers(function_code, helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data, 0),
-                                         helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data, 2));
-      } else if (static_cast<ModbusFunctionCode>(function_code) == ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER ||
-                 static_cast<ModbusFunctionCode>(function_code) == ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS) {
-        device->on_modbus_write_registers(function_code, std::vector<uint8_t>(data, data + len));
-      } else {
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unsupported function code %" PRIu8, function_code);
-        device->send_error(function_code, ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_FUNCTION);
-      }
+    if (device->get_address() == address) {
+      return device;
     }
   }
+  return nullptr;
+}
 
-  if (!found) {
+bool ModbusServerHub::check_register_range_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, uint16_t start_address,
+                                            uint16_t number_of_registers) {
+  if ((uint32_t) start_address + number_of_registers > 0x10000u) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Register address out of range - start: %" PRIu16 " num: %" PRIu16, start_address,
+             number_of_registers);
+    this->send_exception_(address, function_code, ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void ModbusServerHub::process_modbus_client_frame_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, const uint8_t *data) {
+  ModbusServerDevice *device = this->find_device_(address);
+  if (device == nullptr) {
     this->expecting_peer_response_ = address;
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Request to peer %" PRIu8 " received", address);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ServerResponseStatus status;
+  uint8_t response_buffer[modbus::MAX_RAW_SIZE];
+  const uint8_t *response_data = response_buffer;
+  uint16_t response_len = 0;
+
+  switch (static_cast<ModbusFunctionCode>(function_code)) {
+    case ModbusFunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS:
+    case ModbusFunctionCode::READ_INPUT_REGISTERS: {
+      // PDU data: start address(2) + quantity(2).
+      uint16_t start_address = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data, 0);
+      uint16_t number_of_registers = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data, 2);
+      if (number_of_registers == 0 || number_of_registers > MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid number of registers %" PRIu16, number_of_registers);
+        this->send_exception_(address, function_code, ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE);
+        return;
+      }
+      if (!this->check_register_range_(address, function_code, start_address, number_of_registers)) {
+        return;
+      }
+      RegisterValues registers;
+      if (static_cast<ModbusFunctionCode>(function_code) == ModbusFunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS) {
+        status = device->on_modbus_read_holding_registers(start_address, number_of_registers, registers);
+      } else {
+        status = device->on_modbus_read_input_registers(start_address, number_of_registers, registers);
+      }
+
+      // A handler that returns an exception leaves registers partially filled, so check the exception
+      // first and forward it before validating the register count on the success path.
+      if (status.has_value()) {
+        this->send_exception_(address, function_code, status.value());
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (registers.size() != number_of_registers) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Incorrect response %" PRIu16 " requested, %zu returned", number_of_registers, registers.size());
+        this->send_exception_(address, function_code, ModbusExceptionCode::SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      response_buffer[response_len++] = static_cast<uint8_t>(number_of_registers * 2);  // actual byte count
+      for (auto r : registers) {
+        auto register_bytes = decode_value(r);
+        response_buffer[response_len++] = register_bytes[0];
+        response_buffer[response_len++] = register_bytes[1];
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER:
+    case ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS: {
+      // PDU data: start address(2) [+ quantity(2) + byte count(1)] + register values.
+      // A single-register write always targets one register; for a multiple-register write the
+      // quantity is in the frame and its byte count must equal quantity * 2. The register values are
+      // assembled into registers below so the handler doesn't have to know the request framing.
+      uint16_t start_address = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data, 0);
+      uint16_t number_of_registers = 1;
+      uint16_t values_offset = 2;  // single write: values follow the 2-byte start address
+      if (static_cast<ModbusFunctionCode>(function_code) == ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS) {
+        number_of_registers = helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data, 2);
+        uint8_t number_of_bytes = helpers::get_data<uint8_t>(data, 4);
+        values_offset = 5;  // multiple write: values follow start address(2) + quantity(2) + byte count(1)
+        if (number_of_registers == 0 || number_of_registers > MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE ||
+            number_of_registers * 2 != number_of_bytes) {
+          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid number of registers %" PRIu16 " or bytes %" PRIu8, number_of_registers,
+                   number_of_bytes);
+          this->send_exception_(address, function_code, ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE);
+          return;
+        }
+        if (!this->check_register_range_(address, function_code, start_address, number_of_registers)) {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+      // Assemble the register values (host byte order) so the handler never sees wire framing.
+      RegisterValues registers;
+      for (uint16_t i = 0; i < number_of_registers; i++) {
+        registers.push_back(helpers::get_data<uint16_t>(data, values_offset + i * 2));
+      }
+      status = device->on_modbus_write_registers(start_address, registers);
+      response_data = data;  // echo the request header per Modbus 6.6, 6.12
+      response_len = 4;
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unsupported function code %" PRIu8, function_code);
+      this->send_exception_(address, function_code, ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_FUNCTION);
+      return;
+  }
+  if (status.has_value()) {
+    this->send_exception_(address, function_code, status.value());
+  } else {
+    this->send_response_(address, function_code, response_data, response_len);
   }
 }
 
@@ -400,7 +487,6 @@ bool Modbus::send_frame_(const ModbusFrame &frame) {
            format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, frame.data.get(), frame.size), now - this->last_send_,
            now - this->last_modbus_byte_);
   this->last_send_ = now;
-  this->last_send_was_broadcast_ = frame.size > 0 && frame.data[0] == 0;
   return true;
 }
 
@@ -416,8 +502,7 @@ void ModbusClientHub::send_next_frame_() {
   ModbusDeviceCommand &command = this->tx_buffer_.front();
 
   if (this->send_frame_(command.frame)) {
-    if (!this->last_send_was_broadcast_)
-      this->waiting_for_response_ = std::move(command);
+    this->waiting_for_response_ = std::move(command);
   } else {
     if (command.device)
       command.device->on_modbus_not_sent();
@@ -455,17 +540,27 @@ float Modbus::get_setup_priority() const {
   return setup_priority::BUS - 1.0f;
 }
 
-void ModbusServerHub::send(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, const std::vector<uint8_t> &payload) {
-  const uint16_t len = static_cast<uint16_t>(2 + payload.size());
-  if (len > MAX_RAW_SIZE) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Server send frame too large (%" PRIu16 " bytes)", len);
+void ModbusServerHub::send_response_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, const uint8_t *payload,
+                                     uint16_t payload_len) {
+  // Build the raw frame (address + function code + payload) in a stack buffer; it's consumed
+  // immediately by send_raw_ and a full raw frame never exceeds MAX_RAW_SIZE.
+  if (payload_len + 2 > MAX_RAW_SIZE) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Server response too large (%" PRIu16 " bytes)", static_cast<uint16_t>(payload_len + 2));
     return;
   }
   uint8_t raw_frame[MAX_RAW_SIZE];
   raw_frame[0] = address;
   raw_frame[1] = function_code;
-  std::memcpy(raw_frame + 2, payload.data(), payload.size());
-  this->send_raw_(raw_frame, len);
+  std::memcpy(raw_frame + 2, payload, payload_len);
+  this->send_raw_(raw_frame, payload_len + 2);
+}
+
+void ModbusServerHub::send_exception_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, ModbusExceptionCode exception_code) {
+  uint8_t raw_frame[3];
+  raw_frame[0] = address;
+  raw_frame[1] = function_code | FUNCTION_CODE_EXCEPTION_MASK;
+  raw_frame[2] = static_cast<uint8_t>(exception_code);
+  this->send_raw_(raw_frame, 3);
 }
 
 // Raw send for client: pushes to tx queue. Everything except the CRC must be contained in payload.

esphome/components/modbus/modbus.h

@@ -63,7 +63,6 @@ class Modbus : public uart::UARTDevice, public Component {
   uint32_t last_receive_check_{0};
   uint32_t last_send_{0};
   uint32_t last_send_tx_offset_{0};
-  bool last_send_was_broadcast_{false};
   uint16_t frame_delay_ms_{5};
   uint16_t long_rx_buffer_delay_ms_{0};
 
@@ -130,22 +129,22 @@ class ModbusServerHub : public Modbus {
  public:
   ModbusServerHub() = default;
   void dump_config() override;
-  void send(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, const std::vector<uint8_t> &payload);
-  ESPDEPRECATED("Use ModbusServerDevice::send_raw instead. Removed in 2026.10.0", "2026.4.0")
-  void send_raw(const std::vector<uint8_t> &payload) {
-    this->send_raw_(payload.data(), static_cast<uint16_t>(payload.size()));
-  };
   void register_device(ModbusServerDevice *device) { this->devices_.push_back(device); }
 
  protected:
-  friend class ModbusServerDevice;
-
   void parse_modbus_frames() override;
   bool parse_modbus_client_frame_();
   // Parsers need to handle standard (ModbusFunctionCode) and custom (uint8_t) function codes, so we use uint8_t here.
   void process_modbus_server_frame(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) override;
-  void process_modbus_client_frame_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+  void process_modbus_client_frame_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, const uint8_t *data);
+  ModbusServerDevice *find_device_(uint8_t address);
+  // Returns true if [start_address, start_address + number_of_registers) fits in the 16-bit address space.
+  // On failure, logs and sends an ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS exception to the client.
+  bool check_register_range_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, uint16_t start_address,
+                             uint16_t number_of_registers);
   void send_raw_(const uint8_t *payload, uint16_t len);
+  void send_exception_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, ModbusExceptionCode exception_code);
+  void send_response_(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, const uint8_t *payload, uint16_t payload_len);
   uint8_t expecting_peer_response_{0};
   std::vector<ModbusServerDevice *> devices_;
 
@@ -200,35 +199,41 @@ class ModbusClientDevice {
 // This is for compatibility with external components using the former class name
 using ModbusDevice = ModbusClientDevice;
 
+// Result of a server register handler: std::nullopt means success, otherwise the Modbus exception code to return.
+using ServerResponseStatus = std::optional<ModbusExceptionCode>;
+// Register values exchanged with server handlers, in host byte order. Sized at the larger of the two protocol
+// maxima (read = 125 / 0x7D, write = 123 / 0x7B); the per-direction count limit is enforced by the hub, not by
+// the capacity of this type.
+using RegisterValues = StaticVector<uint16_t, MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ>;
+
 class ModbusServerDevice {
  public:
-  ModbusServerDevice() = default;
-  ModbusServerDevice(ModbusServerHub *parent, uint8_t address) : parent_(parent), address_(address) {}
   virtual ~ModbusServerDevice() = default;
+  ModbusServerDevice() = default;
+  // Polymorphic base: non-copyable and non-movable to prevent slicing (Rule of Five).
   ModbusServerDevice(const ModbusServerDevice &) = delete;
   ModbusServerDevice &operator=(const ModbusServerDevice &) = delete;
   ModbusServerDevice(ModbusServerDevice &&) = delete;
   ModbusServerDevice &operator=(ModbusServerDevice &&) = delete;
-  void set_parent(ModbusServerHub *parent) { this->parent_ = parent; }
   void set_address(uint8_t address) { this->address_ = address; }
-  virtual void on_modbus_read_registers(uint8_t function_code, uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_registers){};
-  virtual void on_modbus_write_registers(uint8_t function_code, const std::vector<uint8_t> &data){};
-  void send(uint8_t function, const std::vector<uint8_t> &payload) {
-    this->parent_->send(this->address_, function, payload);
-  }
-  void send_raw(const std::vector<uint8_t> &payload) {
-    this->parent_->send_raw_(payload.data(), static_cast<uint16_t>(payload.size()));
-  }
-  void send_error(uint8_t function_code, ModbusExceptionCode exception_code) {
-    uint8_t error_response[3] = {this->address_, uint8_t(function_code | FUNCTION_CODE_EXCEPTION_MASK),
-                                 static_cast<uint8_t>(exception_code)};
-    this->parent_->send_raw_(error_response, 3);
-  }
+  uint8_t get_address() const { return this->address_; }
+  virtual ServerResponseStatus on_modbus_read_registers(uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_registers,
+                                                        RegisterValues &registers) {
+    return ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_FUNCTION;
+  };
+  virtual ServerResponseStatus on_modbus_read_input_registers(uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_registers,
+                                                              RegisterValues &registers) {
+    return this->on_modbus_read_registers(start_address, number_of_registers, registers);
+  };
+  virtual ServerResponseStatus on_modbus_read_holding_registers(uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_registers,
+                                                                RegisterValues &registers) {
+    return this->on_modbus_read_registers(start_address, number_of_registers, registers);
+  };
+  virtual ServerResponseStatus on_modbus_write_registers(uint16_t start_address, const RegisterValues &registers) {
+    return ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_FUNCTION;
+  };
 
  protected:
-  friend ModbusServerHub;
-
-  ModbusServerHub *parent_{nullptr};
   uint8_t address_{0};
 };
 

esphome/components/modbus/modbus_definitions.h

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ static constexpr uint8_t MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ = 125;  // 0x7D
 // Smallest possible frame is 4 bytes (custom function with no data): address(1) + function(1) + CRC(2)
 static constexpr uint16_t MIN_FRAME_SIZE = 4;
 static constexpr uint16_t MAX_PDU_SIZE = 253;  // Max PDU size is 256 - address(1) - CRC(2) = 253
-static constexpr uint16_t MAX_RAW_SIZE = 254;  // Max RAW size is 255 - CRC(2) = 254
+static constexpr uint16_t MAX_RAW_SIZE = 254;  // Max RAW size is 256 - CRC(2) = 254
 static constexpr uint16_t MAX_FRAME_SIZE = 256;
 /// End of Modbus definitions
 }  // namespace esphome::modbus

esphome/components/modbus/modbus_helpers.cpp

@@ -101,53 +101,19 @@ static size_t required_payload_size(SensorValueType sensor_value_type) {
   }
 }
 
-void number_to_payload(std::vector<uint16_t> &data, int64_t value, SensorValueType value_type) {
-  switch (value_type) {
-    case SensorValueType::U_WORD:
-    case SensorValueType::S_WORD:
-      data.push_back(value & 0xFFFF);
-      break;
-    case SensorValueType::U_DWORD:
-    case SensorValueType::S_DWORD:
-    case SensorValueType::FP32:
-      data.push_back((value & 0xFFFF0000) >> 16);
-      data.push_back(value & 0xFFFF);
-      break;
-    case SensorValueType::U_DWORD_R:
-    case SensorValueType::S_DWORD_R:
-    case SensorValueType::FP32_R:
-      data.push_back(value & 0xFFFF);
-      data.push_back((value & 0xFFFF0000) >> 16);
-      break;
-    case SensorValueType::U_QWORD:
-    case SensorValueType::S_QWORD:
-      data.push_back((value & 0xFFFF000000000000) >> 48);
-      data.push_back((value & 0xFFFF00000000) >> 32);
-      data.push_back((value & 0xFFFF0000) >> 16);
-      data.push_back(value & 0xFFFF);
-      break;
-    case SensorValueType::U_QWORD_R:
-    case SensorValueType::S_QWORD_R:
-      data.push_back(value & 0xFFFF);
-      data.push_back((value & 0xFFFF0000) >> 16);
-      data.push_back((value & 0xFFFF00000000) >> 32);
-      data.push_back((value & 0xFFFF000000000000) >> 48);
-      break;
-    default:
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid data type for modbus number to payload conversion: %d", static_cast<uint16_t>(value_type));
-      break;
-  }
+void log_unsupported_value_type(SensorValueType value_type) {
+  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid data type for modbus number to payload conversion: %d", static_cast<uint16_t>(value_type));
 }
 
-int64_t payload_to_number(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, SensorValueType sensor_value_type, uint8_t offset,
+int64_t payload_to_number(const uint8_t *data, size_t size, SensorValueType sensor_value_type, uint8_t offset,
                           uint32_t bitmask, bool *error_return) {
   int64_t value = 0;  // int64_t because it can hold signed and unsigned 32 bits
 
   // Validate offset against the buffer for all types, including RAW/unsupported, so
   // a malformed or misconfigured frame still produces an error log.
-  if (static_cast<size_t>(offset) > data.size()) {
+  if (static_cast<size_t>(offset) > size) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "not enough data for value type=%u offset=%u size=%zu", static_cast<unsigned int>(sensor_value_type),
-             static_cast<unsigned int>(offset), data.size());
+             static_cast<unsigned int>(offset), size);
     if (error_return)
       *error_return = true;
     return value;
@@ -158,10 +124,9 @@ int64_t payload_to_number(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, SensorValueType sens
     return value;
   }
 
-  if (data.size() - offset < required_size) {
+  if (size - offset < required_size) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "not enough data for value type=%u offset=%u size=%zu required=%zu",
-             static_cast<unsigned int>(sensor_value_type), static_cast<unsigned int>(offset), data.size(),
-             required_size);
+             static_cast<unsigned int>(sensor_value_type), static_cast<unsigned int>(offset), size, required_size);
     if (error_return)
       *error_return = true;
     return value;
@@ -214,6 +179,31 @@ int64_t payload_to_number(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, SensorValueType sens
   return value;
 }
 
+int64_t registers_to_number(const uint16_t *registers, size_t count, SensorValueType sensor_value_type,
+                            bool *error_return) {
+  const size_t required_size = required_payload_size(sensor_value_type);
+  if (required_size == 0) {
+    return 0;  // RAW/unsupported: nothing to read
+  }
+  const size_t required_words = required_size / 2;
+  if (required_words > count) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "not enough registers for value type=%u count=%zu required=%zu",
+             static_cast<unsigned int>(sensor_value_type), count, required_words);
+    if (error_return)
+      *error_return = true;
+    return 0;
+  }
+  // Serialize the needed words back to big-endian bytes and reuse the audited byte decoder so the
+  // sign-extension behaviour stays identical to the wire path.
+  uint8_t bytes[8];  // at most 4 registers (QWORD)
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < required_words; i++) {
+    uint16_t reg = registers[i];
+    bytes[i * 2] = static_cast<uint8_t>(reg >> 8);
+    bytes[i * 2 + 1] = static_cast<uint8_t>(reg & 0xFF);
+  }
+  return payload_to_number(bytes, required_size, sensor_value_type, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF, error_return);
+}
+
 StaticVector<uint8_t, MAX_PDU_SIZE> create_client_pdu(ModbusFunctionCode function_code, uint16_t start_address,
                                                       uint16_t number_of_entities, const uint8_t *values,
                                                       size_t values_len) {

esphome/components/modbus/modbus_helpers.h

@@ -224,24 +224,77 @@ template<typename N> N mask_and_shift_by_rightbit(N data, uint32_t mask) {
   return 0;
 }
 
-/** Convert float value to vector<uint16_t> suitable for sending
- * @param data target for payload
- * @param value float value to convert
- * @param value_type defines if 16/32 or FP32 is used
- * @return vector containing the modbus register words in correct order
- */
-void number_to_payload(std::vector<uint16_t> &data, int64_t value, SensorValueType value_type);
+// Logs an error for an unsupported value type. Defined in the .cpp so logging stays out of headers.
+void log_unsupported_value_type(SensorValueType value_type);
 
-/** Convert vector<uint8_t> response payload to number.
+/** Append the Modbus register words for value to data.
+ * Works with any container exposing push_back(uint16_t) (e.g. std::vector or StaticVector).
+ */
+template<typename Container> void number_to_payload(Container &data, int64_t value, SensorValueType value_type) {
+  switch (value_type) {
+    case SensorValueType::U_WORD:
+    case SensorValueType::S_WORD:
+      data.push_back(value & 0xFFFF);
+      break;
+    case SensorValueType::U_DWORD:
+    case SensorValueType::S_DWORD:
+    case SensorValueType::FP32:
+      data.push_back((value & 0xFFFF0000) >> 16);
+      data.push_back(value & 0xFFFF);
+      break;
+    case SensorValueType::U_DWORD_R:
+    case SensorValueType::S_DWORD_R:
+    case SensorValueType::FP32_R:
+      data.push_back(value & 0xFFFF);
+      data.push_back((value & 0xFFFF0000) >> 16);
+      break;
+    case SensorValueType::U_QWORD:
+    case SensorValueType::S_QWORD:
+      data.push_back((value & 0xFFFF000000000000) >> 48);
+      data.push_back((value & 0xFFFF00000000) >> 32);
+      data.push_back((value & 0xFFFF0000) >> 16);
+      data.push_back(value & 0xFFFF);
+      break;
+    case SensorValueType::U_QWORD_R:
+    case SensorValueType::S_QWORD_R:
+      data.push_back(value & 0xFFFF);
+      data.push_back((value & 0xFFFF0000) >> 16);
+      data.push_back((value & 0xFFFF00000000) >> 32);
+      data.push_back((value & 0xFFFF000000000000) >> 48);
+      break;
+    default:
+      log_unsupported_value_type(value_type);
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+/** Convert a raw response payload to a number.
  * @param data payload with the data to convert
+ * @param size number of bytes available in data
  * @param sensor_value_type defines if 16/32/64 bits or FP32 is used
  * @param offset offset to the data in data
  * @param bitmask bitmask used for masking and shifting
  * @return 64-bit number of the payload
  */
-int64_t payload_to_number(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, SensorValueType sensor_value_type, uint8_t offset,
+int64_t payload_to_number(const uint8_t *data, size_t size, SensorValueType sensor_value_type, uint8_t offset,
                           uint32_t bitmask, bool *error_return = nullptr);
 
+/** Convert vector<uint8_t> response payload to number. */
+inline int64_t payload_to_number(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, SensorValueType sensor_value_type, uint8_t offset,
+                                 uint32_t bitmask, bool *error_return = nullptr) {
+  return payload_to_number(data.data(), data.size(), sensor_value_type, offset, bitmask, error_return);
+}
+
+/** Reconstruct a number from register words (host byte order). Inverse of number_to_payload.
+ * Decodes the value at the start of the given span; advance the pointer to read successive values.
+ * @param registers register values in host byte order
+ * @param count number of registers available in registers
+ * @param sensor_value_type defines if 16/32/64 bits or FP32 is used
+ * @return 64-bit number of the registers
+ */
+int64_t registers_to_number(const uint16_t *registers, size_t count, SensorValueType sensor_value_type,
+                            bool *error_return = nullptr);
+
 /** Create a modbus clinet pdu for reading/writing single/multiple coils/register/inputs.
  * @param function_code the modbus function code to use. One of:
  * READ_COILS

esphome/components/modbus_server/modbus_server.cpp

@@ -3,26 +3,18 @@
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome::modbus_server {
-using modbus::ModbusFunctionCode;
 using modbus::ModbusExceptionCode;
-using modbus::helpers::payload_to_number;
+using modbus::helpers::registers_to_number;
 
 static const char *const TAG = "modbus_server";
 
-void ModbusServer::on_modbus_read_registers(uint8_t function_code, uint16_t start_address,
-                                            uint16_t number_of_registers) {
+modbus::ServerResponseStatus ModbusServer::on_modbus_read_registers(uint16_t start_address,
+                                                                    uint16_t number_of_registers,
+                                                                    modbus::RegisterValues &registers) {
   ESP_LOGV(TAG,
-           "Received read holding/input registers for device 0x%X. FC: 0x%X. Start address: 0x%X. Number of registers: "
-           "0x%X.",
-           this->address_, function_code, start_address, number_of_registers);
+           "Received read holding/input registers for device 0x%X. Start address: 0x%X. Number of registers: 0x%X.",
+           this->address_, start_address, number_of_registers);
 
-  if (number_of_registers == 0 || number_of_registers > modbus::MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid number of registers %" PRIu16 ". Sending exception response.", number_of_registers);
-    this->send_error(function_code, ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  std::vector<uint16_t> sixteen_bit_response;
   for (uint16_t current_address = start_address; current_address < start_address + number_of_registers;) {
     bool found = false;
     for (auto *server_register : this->server_registers_) {
@@ -36,10 +28,7 @@ void ModbusServer::on_modbus_read_registers(uint8_t function_code, uint16_t star
                  server_register->address, static_cast<size_t>(server_register->value_type),
                  server_register->register_count, server_register->format_value(value, value_buf, sizeof(value_buf)));
 
-        std::vector<uint16_t> payload;
-        payload.reserve(server_register->register_count * 2);
-        modbus::helpers::number_to_payload(payload, value, server_register->value_type);
-        sixteen_bit_response.insert(sixteen_bit_response.end(), payload.cbegin(), payload.cend());
+        modbus::helpers::number_to_payload(registers, value, server_register->value_type);
         current_address += server_register->register_count;
         found = true;
         break;
@@ -53,92 +42,37 @@ void ModbusServer::on_modbus_read_registers(uint8_t function_code, uint16_t star
                  "Could not match any register to address 0x%02X, but default allowed. "
                  "Returning default value: %" PRIu16 ".",
                  current_address, this->server_courtesy_response_.register_value);
-        sixteen_bit_response.push_back(this->server_courtesy_response_.register_value);
+        registers.push_back(this->server_courtesy_response_.register_value);
         current_address += 1;  // Just increment by 1, as the default response is a single register
       } else {
         ESP_LOGW(TAG,
                  "Could not match any register to address 0x%02X and default not allowed. Sending exception response.",
                  current_address);
-        this->send_error(function_code, ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
-        return;
+        return ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS;
       }
     }
   }
 
-  std::vector<uint8_t> response;
-  if (number_of_registers != sixteen_bit_response.size())
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Response size not matched to request register count.");
-  response.push_back(sixteen_bit_response.size() * 2);  // actual byte count
-  for (auto v : sixteen_bit_response) {
-    auto decoded_value = decode_value(v);
-    response.push_back(decoded_value[0]);
-    response.push_back(decoded_value[1]);
-  }
-  this->send(function_code, response);
+  return {};
 }
 
-void ModbusServer::on_modbus_write_registers(uint8_t function_code, const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
-  uint16_t number_of_registers;
-  uint16_t payload_offset;
+modbus::ServerResponseStatus ModbusServer::on_modbus_write_registers(uint16_t start_address,
+                                                                     const modbus::RegisterValues &registers) {
+  // registers holds the values to write in host byte order; its size is the register count.
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Received write registers for device 0x%X. Start address: 0x%X. Number of registers: 0x%zX.",
+           this->address_, start_address, registers.size());
 
-  if (static_cast<ModbusFunctionCode>(function_code) == ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS) {
-    if (data.size() < 5) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Write multiple registers data too short (%zu bytes)", data.size());
-      this->send_error(function_code, ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE);
-      return;
-    }
-    number_of_registers = uint16_t(data[3]) | (uint16_t(data[2]) << 8);
-    if (number_of_registers == 0 || number_of_registers > modbus::MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid number of registers %" PRIu16 ". Sending exception response.", number_of_registers);
-      this->send_error(function_code, ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE);
-      return;
-    }
-    uint16_t payload_size = data[4];
-    if (payload_size != number_of_registers * 2) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG,
-               "Payload size of %" PRIu16 " bytes is not 2 times the number of registers (%" PRIu16
-               "). Sending exception response.",
-               payload_size, number_of_registers);
-      this->send_error(function_code, ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE);
-      return;
-    }
-    if (data.size() < 5 + payload_size) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Write multiple registers payload truncated (%zu bytes, expected %u)", data.size(),
-               5 + payload_size);
-      this->send_error(function_code, ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE);
-      return;
-    }
-    payload_offset = 5;
-  } else if (static_cast<ModbusFunctionCode>(function_code) == ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER) {
-    if (data.size() < 4) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Write single register data too short (%zu bytes)", data.size());
-      this->send_error(function_code, ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE);
-      return;
-    }
-    number_of_registers = 1;
-    payload_offset = 2;
-  } else {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid function code 0x%X. Sending exception response.", function_code);
-    this->send_error(function_code, ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_FUNCTION);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  uint16_t start_address = uint16_t(data[1]) | (uint16_t(data[0]) << 8);
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG,
-           "Received write holding registers for device 0x%X. FC: 0x%X. Start address: 0x%X. Number of registers: "
-           "0x%X.",
-           this->address_, function_code, start_address, number_of_registers);
-
-  auto for_each_register = [this, start_address, number_of_registers, payload_offset](
-                               const std::function<bool(ServerRegister *, uint16_t offset)> &callback) -> bool {
-    uint16_t offset = payload_offset;
-    for (uint16_t current_address = start_address; current_address < start_address + number_of_registers;) {
+  auto for_each_register =
+      [this, start_address,
+       &registers](const std::function<bool(ServerRegister *, uint16_t register_offset)> &callback) -> bool {
+    uint16_t register_offset = 0;
+    for (uint32_t current_address = start_address; current_address < start_address + registers.size();) {
       bool ok = false;
       for (auto *server_register : this->server_registers_) {
         if (server_register->address == current_address) {
-          ok = callback(server_register, offset);
+          ok = callback(server_register, register_offset);
           current_address += server_register->register_count;
-          offset += server_register->register_count * sizeof(uint16_t);
+          register_offset += server_register->register_count;
           break;
         }
       }
@@ -150,36 +84,41 @@ void ModbusServer::on_modbus_write_registers(uint8_t function_code, const std::v
     return true;
   };
 
-  // check all registers are writable before writing to any of them:
-  if (!for_each_register([](ServerRegister *server_register, uint16_t offset) -> bool {
-        return server_register->write_lambda != nullptr;
-      })) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid register address. Sending exception response.");
-    this->send_error(function_code, ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // Actually write to the registers:
-  if (!for_each_register([&data](ServerRegister *server_register, uint16_t offset) {
-        bool error = false;
-        int64_t number = payload_to_number(data, server_register->value_type, offset, 0xFFFFFFFF, &error);
-        if (error) {
-          return false;
-        } else {
-          return server_register->write_lambda(number);
+  // Pre-flight: every targeted register must be writable AND have its full value present in the request,
+  // so we never apply a partial write before discovering a problem. The commit pass below re-runs
+  // registers_to_number rather than caching the decoded values: using the same function for the check and
+  // the write keeps a single source of truth for the decode bound, independent of how register_count was set.
+  ModbusExceptionCode precheck = ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS;  // unmatched or unwritable register
+  if (!for_each_register([&precheck, &registers](ServerRegister *server_register, uint16_t register_offset) -> bool {
+        if (server_register->write_lambda == nullptr) {
+          return false;  // unwritable -> ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS
         }
+        bool error = false;
+        registers_to_number(registers.data() + register_offset, registers.size() - register_offset,
+                            server_register->value_type, &error);
+        if (error) {
+          precheck = ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE;  // request doesn't supply the full value
+          return false;
+        }
+        return true;
       })) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Could not write all registers. Sending exception response.");
-    this->send_error(function_code, ModbusExceptionCode::SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE);
-    return;
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Write request rejected before applying any register. Sending exception response.");
+    return precheck;
   }
 
-  std::vector<uint8_t> response;
-  response.reserve(6);
-  response.push_back(this->address_);
-  response.push_back(function_code);
-  response.insert(response.end(), data.begin(), data.begin() + 4);
-  this->send_raw(response);
+  // Commit: every value is known writable and decodable, so the only failure now is a user write callback
+  // rejecting the value at runtime -- which cannot be rolled back.
+  if (!for_each_register([&registers](ServerRegister *server_register, uint16_t register_offset) {
+        int64_t number = registers_to_number(registers.data() + register_offset, registers.size() - register_offset,
+                                             server_register->value_type);
+        return server_register->write_lambda(number);
+      })) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "A register write callback failed mid-sequence; earlier writes were already applied.");
+    return ModbusExceptionCode::SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  // Success: the caller builds the write response (an echo of the request header).
+  return {};
 }
 
 void ModbusServer::dump_config() {

esphome/components/modbus_server/modbus_server.h

@@ -98,9 +98,11 @@ class ModbusServer : public Component, public modbus::ModbusServerDevice {
   /// Registers a server register with the controller. Called by esphomes code generator
   void add_server_register(ServerRegister *server_register) { server_registers_.push_back(server_register); }
   /// called when a modbus request (function code 0x03 or 0x04) was parsed without errors
-  void on_modbus_read_registers(uint8_t function_code, uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_registers) final;
+  modbus::ServerResponseStatus on_modbus_read_registers(uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_registers,
+                                                        modbus::RegisterValues &registers) final;
   /// called when a modbus request (function code 0x06 or 0x10) was parsed without errors
-  void on_modbus_write_registers(uint8_t function_code, const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) final;
+  modbus::ServerResponseStatus on_modbus_write_registers(uint16_t start_address,
+                                                         const modbus::RegisterValues &registers) final;
   /// Called by esphome generated code to set the server courtesy response object
   void set_server_courtesy_response(const ServerCourtesyResponse &server_courtesy_response) {
     this->server_courtesy_response_ = server_courtesy_response;

esphome/components/mpl3115a2/mpl3115a2.cpp

@@ -75,16 +75,16 @@ void MPL3115A2Component::update() {
   float altitude = 0, pressure = 0;
   if (this->altitude_ != nullptr) {
     int32_t alt = encode_uint32(buffer[0], buffer[1], buffer[2], 0);
-    altitude = float(alt) / 65536.0;
+    altitude = float(alt) / 65536.0f;
     this->altitude_->publish_state(altitude);
   } else {
     uint32_t p = encode_uint32(0, buffer[0], buffer[1], buffer[2]);
-    pressure = float(p) / 6400.0;
+    pressure = float(p) / 6400.0f;
     if (this->pressure_ != nullptr)
       this->pressure_->publish_state(pressure);
   }
   int16_t t = encode_uint16(buffer[3], buffer[4]);
-  float temperature = float(t) / 256.0;
+  float temperature = float(t) / 256.0f;
   if (this->temperature_ != nullptr)
     this->temperature_->publish_state(temperature);
 

esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_climate.cpp

@@ -115,9 +115,9 @@ void MQTTClimateComponent::send_discovery(JsonObject root, mqtt::SendDiscoveryCo
   // max_temp
   root[MQTT_MAX_TEMP] = traits.get_visual_max_temperature();
   // target_temp_step
-  root[MQTT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE_STEP] = roundf(traits.get_visual_target_temperature_step() * 10) * 0.1;
+  root[MQTT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE_STEP] = roundf(traits.get_visual_target_temperature_step() * 10) * 0.1f;
   // current_temp_step
-  root[MQTT_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE_STEP] = roundf(traits.get_visual_current_temperature_step() * 10) * 0.1;
+  root[MQTT_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE_STEP] = roundf(traits.get_visual_current_temperature_step() * 10) * 0.1f;
   // temperature units are always coerced to Celsius internally
   root[MQTT_TEMPERATURE_UNIT] = "C";
 

esphome/components/msa3xx/msa3xx.cpp

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ static const char *const TAG = "msa3xx";
 const uint8_t MSA_3XX_PART_ID = 0x13;
 
 const float GRAVITY_EARTH = 9.80665f;
-const float LSB_COEFF = 1000.0f / (GRAVITY_EARTH * 3.9);  // LSB to 1 LSB = 3.9mg = 0.0039g
+const float LSB_COEFF = 1000.0f / (GRAVITY_EARTH * 3.9f);  // LSB to 1 LSB = 3.9mg = 0.0039g
 const float G_OFFSET_MIN = -4.5f;  // -127...127 LSB = +- 0.4953g = +- 4.857 m/s^2 => +- 4.5 for the safe
 const float G_OFFSET_MAX = 4.5f;   // -127...127 LSB = +- 0.4953g = +- 4.857 m/s^2 => +- 4.5 for the safe
 

esphome/components/network/__init__.py

@@ -221,6 +221,27 @@ async def to_code(config):
         zephyr_add_prj_conf("NET_IPV6", True)
         zephyr_add_prj_conf("NET_TCP", True)
         zephyr_add_prj_conf("NET_UDP", True)
+        # The nRF Connect SDK replaces mbedTLS with PSA/Oberon crypto and does not provide the
+        # legacy mbedtls_md5() symbol that Zephyr's RFC 6528 TCP ISN generator links against
+        # (selecting MBEDTLS_MAC_MD5_ENABLED does not bring in the legacy C API here). Disable it so
+        # TCP links; Zephyr falls back to sys_rand32_get() for the ISN (randomized, but not the
+        # RFC 6528 keyed hash).
+        zephyr_add_prj_conf("NET_TCP_ISN_RFC6528", False)
+        # Enlarge the Zephyr network buffer pool and TCP windows for the Thread path.
+        # Zephyr's defaults are tiny: NET_BUF_TX_COUNT=16 * NET_BUF_DATA_SIZE=128 is only
+        # ~2 KB of TX data -- barely one 1280-byte IPv6 packet once 6LoWPAN fragments it.
+        # The ESPHome API entity-sync burst overruns that instantly, so socket writes fail
+        # with ENOBUFS ("Buffer full") and the connection is dropped. ESP32 sidesteps this
+        # by enlarging the lwIP TCP window (CONFIG_LWIP_TCP_* above); give Zephyr the
+        # equivalent headroom, sized to RAM and the Thread 1280-byte MTU (not ESP32's 64 KB).
+        # The bounded send window also provides flow control so TCP stops queueing past
+        # what the buffer pool can hold instead of erroring.
+        zephyr_add_prj_conf("NET_PKT_RX_COUNT", 24)
+        zephyr_add_prj_conf("NET_PKT_TX_COUNT", 24)
+        zephyr_add_prj_conf("NET_BUF_RX_COUNT", 48)
+        zephyr_add_prj_conf("NET_BUF_TX_COUNT", 48)
+        zephyr_add_prj_conf("NET_TCP_MAX_RECV_WINDOW_SIZE", 2280)
+        zephyr_add_prj_conf("NET_TCP_MAX_SEND_WINDOW_SIZE", 2280)
 
     if (enable_ipv6 := config.get(CONF_ENABLE_IPV6, None)) is not None:
         cg.add_define("USE_NETWORK_IPV6", enable_ipv6)

esphome/components/nextion/nextion_commands.cpp

@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ void Nextion::goto_page(const char *page) { this->add_no_result_to_queue_with_pr
 void Nextion::goto_page(uint8_t page) { this->add_no_result_to_queue_with_printf_("page", "page %i", page); }
 
 void Nextion::set_backlight_brightness(float brightness) {
-  if (brightness < 0 || brightness > 1.0) {
+  if (brightness < 0 || brightness > 1.0f) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Brightness out of bounds (0-1.0)");
     return;
   }

esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import asyncio
 import logging
 from pathlib import Path
 import re
+import shutil
 import subprocess
 
 from esphome import pins
@@ -486,6 +487,16 @@ def upload_program(config: ConfigType, args, host: str) -> bool:
     from esphome.__main__ import check_permissions
     from esphome.upload_targets import PortType, get_port_type
 
+    if KEY_ZEPHYR not in CORE.data:
+        platform_config = config.get(CORE.target_platform)
+        if not platform_config:
+            raise EsphomeError(
+                "nRF52 platform configuration is missing; "
+                "please re-validate and recompile."
+            )
+        set_core_data(platform_config)
+        set_framework(platform_config)
+
     mcumgr_device: str | None = None
 
     if get_port_type(host) == PortType.SERIAL:
@@ -494,17 +505,122 @@ def upload_program(config: ConfigType, args, host: str) -> bool:
             mcumgr_device = host
         else:
             if not CORE.using_toolchain_platformio:
-                raise EsphomeError("Not implemented yet")
-            result = _upload_using_platformio(config, host, ["-t", "upload"])
-            if result != 0:
-                raise EsphomeError(f"Upload failed with result: {result}")
-            return True  # Handled: platformio serial upload
+                bootloader = zephyr_data()[KEY_BOOTLOADER]
+                if bootloader not in (
+                    BOOTLOADER_ADAFRUIT,
+                    BOOTLOADER_ADAFRUIT_NRF52_SD132,
+                    BOOTLOADER_ADAFRUIT_NRF52_SD140_V6,
+                    BOOTLOADER_ADAFRUIT_NRF52_SD140_V7,
+                ):
+                    raise EsphomeError("Not implemented yet")
+                check_and_install()
+                paths = get_build_paths()
+                env = get_build_env()
+                build_dir = CORE.relative_pioenvs_path(CORE.name)
+                dfu_package = build_dir / "firmware.zip"
+                if not dfu_package.is_file():
+                    raise EsphomeError("Firmware not found. Please compile first.")
+                import time as _time
+
+                import serial as _serial
+                import serial.tools.list_ports as _list_ports
+
+                try:
+                    ser = _serial.Serial(host, baudrate=1200, timeout=1)
+                    ser.close()
+                except _serial.SerialException as err:
+                    raise EsphomeError(f"Failed to open {host}: {err}") from err
+
+                # Wait for device to reset (port disappears)
+                deadline = _time.monotonic() + 5
+                while _time.monotonic() < deadline:
+                    _time.sleep(0.1)
+                    if host not in {p.device for p in _list_ports.comports()}:
+                        break
+                else:
+                    _LOGGER.warning(
+                        "Device did not leave %s within 5 s; "
+                        "it may not have entered bootloader mode",
+                        host,
+                    )
+
+                # Wait for DFU port to reappear
+                deadline = _time.monotonic() + 10
+                while _time.monotonic() < deadline:
+                    _time.sleep(0.1)
+                    if host in {p.device for p in _list_ports.comports()}:
+                        break
+                else:
+                    raise EsphomeError(
+                        f"DFU port {host!r} did not reappear within 10 s. "
+                        "Check that the device entered DFU mode."
+                    )
+
+                # Wait for udev to finish setting up device permissions
+                deadline = _time.monotonic() + 5
+                while _time.monotonic() < deadline:
+                    try:
+                        check_permissions(host)
+                        break
+                    except EsphomeError:
+                        _time.sleep(0.05)
+                else:
+                    check_permissions(host)  # raises with helpful message
+
+                python = str(paths["python_executable"])
+                if not run_command_ok(
+                    [
+                        python,
+                        "-m",
+                        "nordicsemi.__main__",
+                        "dfu",
+                        "serial",
+                        "-pkg",
+                        str(dfu_package),
+                        "-p",
+                        host,
+                        "-b",
+                        "115200",
+                        "--singlebank",
+                    ],
+                    env=env,
+                    stream_output=True,
+                ):
+                    raise EsphomeError("nRF52 serial DFU upload failed")
+            else:
+                result = _upload_using_platformio(config, host, ["-t", "upload"])
+                if result != 0:
+                    raise EsphomeError(f"Upload failed with result: {result}")
+            return True  # Handled: serial upload
 
     if host == "PYOCD":
-        result = _upload_using_platformio(config, host, ["-t", "flash_pyocd"])
-        if result != 0:
-            raise EsphomeError(f"Upload failed with result: {result}")
-        return True  # Handled: platformio PYOCD upload
+        if not CORE.using_toolchain_platformio:
+            check_and_install()
+            paths = get_build_paths()
+            env = get_build_env()
+            build_dir = CORE.relative_pioenvs_path(CORE.name)
+            west_cmd = [
+                str(paths["python_executable"]),
+                "-m",
+                "west",
+                "flash",
+                "--runner",
+                "pyocd",
+                "-d",
+                str(build_dir),
+            ]
+            if not run_command_ok(
+                west_cmd,
+                env=env,
+                stream_output=True,
+                cwd=str(paths["framework_path"]),
+            ):
+                raise EsphomeError("nRF52 pyocd flash failed")
+        else:
+            result = _upload_using_platformio(config, host, ["-t", "flash_pyocd"])
+            if result != 0:
+                raise EsphomeError(f"Upload failed with result: {result}")
+        return True  # Handled: PYOCD upload
 
     # Deferred imports: bleak/smpclient are heavy, only load for BLE/mcumgr paths
     from .ble_logger import is_mac_address
@@ -662,4 +778,43 @@ def run_compile(args, config: ConfigType) -> bool:
     ):
         raise EsphomeError("nRF52 native build failed")
 
+    # Zephyr's cmake places kernel artifacts in build_dir/zephyr/zephyr/ and
+    # merged.hex at build_dir/. Normalize to build_dir/zephyr/ so paths match
+    # get_download_types (which mirrors the platformio build output layout).
+    zephyr_dir = build_dir / "zephyr"
+    west_out = zephyr_dir / "zephyr"
+    for filename in ["zephyr.uf2"]:
+        src = west_out / filename
+        if src.is_file():
+            shutil.copy2(src, zephyr_dir / filename)
+
+    # (dev_type, sd_req) per bootloader — values from Nordic SoftDevice release notes
+    _GENPKG_PARAMS = {
+        BOOTLOADER_ADAFRUIT_NRF52_SD132: ("0x0051", "0x009D"),
+        BOOTLOADER_ADAFRUIT_NRF52_SD140_V6: ("0x0052", "0x00B6"),
+        BOOTLOADER_ADAFRUIT_NRF52_SD140_V7: ("0x0052", "0x00CA"),
+    }
+    bootloader = zephyr_data()[KEY_BOOTLOADER]
+    if bootloader in (
+        BOOTLOADER_ADAFRUIT,
+        BOOTLOADER_ADAFRUIT_NRF52_SD132,
+        BOOTLOADER_ADAFRUIT_NRF52_SD140_V6,
+        BOOTLOADER_ADAFRUIT_NRF52_SD140_V7,
+    ):
+        hex_file = west_out / "zephyr.hex"
+        dfu_package = build_dir / "firmware.zip"
+        genpkg_cmd = [
+            str(paths["python_executable"]),
+            "-m",
+            "nordicsemi.__main__",
+            "dfu",
+            "genpkg",
+        ]
+        if bootloader in _GENPKG_PARAMS:
+            dev_type, sd_req = _GENPKG_PARAMS[bootloader]
+            genpkg_cmd += ["--dev-type", dev_type, "--sd-req", sd_req]
+        genpkg_cmd += ["--application", str(hex_file), str(dfu_package)]
+        if not run_command_ok(genpkg_cmd, env=env, stream_output=True):
+            raise EsphomeError("Failed to create adafruit DFU package")
+
     return True

esphome/components/nrf52/framework.py

@@ -54,22 +54,15 @@ def _get_toolchain_path(version: str) -> Path:
     return _get_tools_path() / "toolchains" / version
 
 
-# onexc/dir_fd were added to shutil.rmtree in 3.12; the 3.11 branch uses onerror.
 _SITECUSTOMIZE = """\
-import os, stat, shutil, sys
+import os, stat, shutil
 _orig = shutil.rmtree
 def _handler(func, path, exc):
     os.chmod(path, stat.S_IWRITE); func(path)
-if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
-    def _rmtree(path, ignore_errors=False, onerror=None, *, onexc=None, dir_fd=None):
-        if onerror is None and onexc is None:
-            onexc = _handler
-        return _orig(path, ignore_errors=ignore_errors, onerror=onerror, onexc=onexc, dir_fd=dir_fd)
-else:
-    def _rmtree(path, ignore_errors=False, onerror=None):
-        if onerror is None:
-            onerror = _handler
-        return _orig(path, ignore_errors=ignore_errors, onerror=onerror)
+def _rmtree(path, ignore_errors=False, onerror=None, *, onexc=None, dir_fd=None):
+    if onerror is None and onexc is None:
+        onexc = _handler
+    return _orig(path, ignore_errors=ignore_errors, onerror=onerror, onexc=onexc, dir_fd=dir_fd)
 shutil.rmtree = _rmtree
 """
 
@@ -111,10 +104,9 @@ def _get_version_str() -> str:
 
 def get_build_paths() -> dict:
     version = _get_version_str()
+    env_path = _get_python_env_path(version)
     return {
-        "python_executable": get_python_env_executable_path(
-            _get_python_env_path(version), "python"
-        ),
+        "python_executable": get_python_env_executable_path(env_path, "python"),
         "framework_path": _get_framework_path(version),
     }
 

esphome/components/nrf52/requirements.txt

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 west==1.5.0
 ninja==1.13.0
 cmake==4.3.2
+adafruit-nrfutil @ git+https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_nRF52_nrfutil.git@7fdfe15feee5f304fb7d9b031721dcefa1f72b58

esphome/components/opentherm/opentherm.cpp

@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ void OpenTherm::debug_error(OpenThermError &error) const {
            error.capture, error.bit_pos);
 }
 
-float OpenthermData::f88() { return ((float) this->s16()) / 256.0; }
+float OpenthermData::f88() { return ((float) this->s16()) / 256.0f; }
 
 void OpenthermData::f88(float value) { this->s16((int16_t) (value * 256)); }
 

esphome/components/opentherm/output/opentherm_output.cpp

@@ -12,8 +12,9 @@ void opentherm::OpenthermOutput::write_state(float state) {
 #else
   bool zero_means_zero = false;
 #endif
-  this->state =
-      state < 0.003 && zero_means_zero ? 0.0 : clamp(std::lerp(min_value_, max_value_, state), min_value_, max_value_);
+  this->state = state < 0.003f && zero_means_zero
+                    ? 0.0f
+                    : clamp(std::lerp(min_value_, max_value_, state), min_value_, max_value_);
   this->has_state_ = true;
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Output %s set to %.2f", this->id_, this->state);
 }