Simulate the unreadable partitions.csv instead of chmod

esphome/build_gen/espidf.py

@@ -90,9 +90,10 @@ def get_project_cmakelists(
     """
     idf_target = variant_to_idf_target(get_esp32_variant())
 
-    # esp_idf_size 2.x (bundled with IDF >=6.0) made NG the default and
+    # esp_idf_size 2.x (IDF >=6.0) made NG the default and removed --ng;
-    # removed the --ng flag; on 1.x (IDF 5.5) --ng is required to get
+    # 1.x (IDF 5.5) needs --ng for --format=json2. 1.x json2 also lacks
-    # --format=raw because the legacy mode doesn't support it.
+    # total_size, hence the ELF fallback in espidf/size_summary.py; both
+    # go away together when 1.x support is dropped.
     size_ng_flag = "--ng" if idf_version() < cv.Version(6, 0, 0) else ""
 
     # Project-wide compile options: -D defines and -W warning flags (skip
@@ -211,10 +212,12 @@ include($ENV{{IDF_PATH}}/tools/cmake/project.cmake)
 
 project({CORE.name})
 
-# Emit raw JSON size data for ESPHome to read post-build.
+# Emit per-memory-type JSON size data for ESPHome to read post-build.
+# json2 stays small; raw dumps every symbol (~2s on a large map) and
+# this command runs inside the link edge, blocking everything downstream.
 add_custom_command(
     TARGET ${{CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}}.elf POST_BUILD
-    COMMAND ${{PYTHON}} -m esp_idf_size {size_ng_flag} --format=raw
+    COMMAND ${{PYTHON}} -m esp_idf_size {size_ng_flag} --format=json2
             -o ${{CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}}/esp_idf_size.json
             ${{CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME}}.map
     WORKING_DIRECTORY ${{CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}}

esphome/espidf/size_summary.py

@@ -9,16 +9,19 @@ byte-identical to PlatformIO's output:
     Flash: [===       ]  48.4% (used 888511 bytes from 1835008 bytes)
 
 The format matches ``script/ci_memory_impact_extract.py`` so CI memory
-analysis works unchanged on native ESP-IDF builds. RAM total is the
+analysis works unchanged on native ESP-IDF builds. RAM usage comes from
-DRAM region size from the linker map; Flash total is taken from
+the DRAM (or unified DIRAM) region of the linker map. Flash used is the
+exact image size matching the ``Total image size`` line: json2
+``total_size`` when present, otherwise derived from the ELF (see
+``_image_size_from_elf``). Flash total is taken from
 ``partitions.csv`` using PlatformIO's rule (first app partition whose
 subtype is ``factory`` or ``ota_0``; see
 ``platform-espressif32/builder/main.py::_update_max_upload_size``).
 
 Structured size data is produced at link time by a CMake POST_BUILD
 custom command (see ``build_gen/espidf.py``) which writes
-``esp_idf_size.json`` next to the ELF. We read that file here rather
+``esp_idf_size.json`` (``--format=json2``, a per-memory-type summary)
-than re-running ``esp_idf_size`` from Python.
+next to the ELF; we read that rather than re-running ``esp_idf_size``.
 """
 
 from __future__ import annotations
@@ -27,6 +30,7 @@ import csv
 import json
 import logging
 from pathlib import Path
+import struct
 
 from esphome.build_helpers.size_summary import print_size_line
 
@@ -69,11 +73,43 @@ def _find_app_partition_size(partitions_csv: Path) -> int:
     raise ValueError(f"No app+factory or app+ota_0 partition in {partitions_csv}")
 
 
-def print_summary(size_json: Path, partitions_csv: Path | None) -> None:
+def _image_size_from_elf(elf: Path) -> int:
+    """Sum the allocated PROGBITS section sizes from an ELF32 file.
+
+    Matches ``esp_idf_size.ng.memorymap._get_image_size`` byte for byte;
+    esptool's ``ELFFile`` filters sections differently and would not.
+    Raises ``ValueError`` for anything but a well-formed ELF32 LE file.
+    """
+    with elf.open("rb") as f:
+        header = f.read(52)  # ELF32 header
+        if len(header) < 52 or header[:6] != b"\x7fELF\x01\x01":
+            raise ValueError(f"{elf} is not a 32-bit little-endian ELF")
+        (e_shoff,) = struct.unpack_from("<I", header, 0x20)  # e_shoff
+        e_shentsize, e_shnum = struct.unpack_from("<HH", header, 0x2E)
+        if e_shentsize < 40:  # sizeof(Elf32_Shdr)
+            raise ValueError(f"{elf} has an invalid section header size")
+        f.seek(e_shoff)
+        table = f.read(e_shnum * e_shentsize)
+    if len(table) < e_shnum * e_shentsize:
+        raise ValueError(f"{elf} has a truncated section header table")
+    total = 0
+    for off in range(0, e_shnum * e_shentsize, e_shentsize):
+        sh_type, sh_flags = struct.unpack_from("<II", table, off + 4)
+        (sh_size,) = struct.unpack_from("<I", table, off + 20)
+        if sh_type == 1 and sh_flags & 0x2:  # SHT_PROGBITS with SHF_ALLOC
+            total += sh_size
+    if total == 0:
+        # A used-0-bytes Flash line would read as a real measurement
+        raise ValueError(f"{elf} has no allocated PROGBITS sections")
+    return total
+
+
+def print_summary(size_json: Path, partitions_csv: Path, firmware_elf: Path) -> None:
     """Print PlatformIO-shaped RAM and Flash one-liners.
 
     Failures are non-fatal: the build has already succeeded, we just couldn't
-    summarize. Logs the cause at debug level.
+    summarize. Anomalies (missing region, unreadable ELF) warn; expected
+    optional inputs (no size json, no partitions.csv) log at debug.
     """
     if not size_json.is_file():
         _LOGGER.debug("Skipping size summary: %s not found", size_json)
@@ -83,20 +119,49 @@ def print_summary(size_json: Path, partitions_csv: Path | None) -> None:
     except (OSError, json.JSONDecodeError) as e:
         _LOGGER.debug("Skipping size summary: %s", e)
         return
-
+    if not isinstance(data, dict):
-    memory_types = data.get("memory_types", {})
+        _LOGGER.warning("Skipping size summary: unexpected json shape in %s", size_json)
-    ram_region = memory_types.get("DRAM") or memory_types.get("DIRAM") or {}
-    ram_used = ram_region.get("used")
-    ram_total = ram_region.get("size")
-    if ram_total and ram_used is not None:
-        print_size_line("RAM", ram_used, ram_total)
-
-    image_size = data.get("image_size")
-    if image_size is None or partitions_csv is None:
         return
+
+    layout = data.get("layout")
+    regions = {
+        entry.get("name"): entry
+        for entry in (layout if isinstance(layout, list) else [])
+        if isinstance(entry, dict)
+    }
+    # Every chip has a DRAM or DIRAM region, so a warning here usually
+    # means the esp_idf_size json schema changed
+    ram_region = regions.get("DRAM") or regions.get("DIRAM")
+    if ram_region is None:
+        _LOGGER.warning("Skipping RAM summary: no DRAM/DIRAM region in %s", size_json)
+    elif (
+        isinstance(ram_total := ram_region.get("total"), int)
+        and ram_total > 0
+        and isinstance(ram_used := ram_region.get("used"), int)
+    ):
+        print_size_line("RAM", ram_used, ram_total)
+    else:
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "Skipping RAM summary: unusable region %s in %s", ram_region, size_json
+        )
+
+    # esp-idf-size >= 2.1 (IDF >= 6.0) reports the exact image size in
+    # json2; older 1.x omits it, so derive the same figure from the ELF.
+    flash_used = data.get("total_size")
+    if not (isinstance(flash_used, int) and flash_used > 0):
+        _LOGGER.debug("No total_size in %s, deriving from %s", size_json, firmware_elf)
+        try:
+            flash_used = _image_size_from_elf(firmware_elf)
+        except (OSError, ValueError) as e:
+            # The ELF must be present and well formed after a successful build
+            _LOGGER.warning("Skipping Flash summary: %s", e)
+            return
     try:
         app_size = _find_app_partition_size(partitions_csv)
-    except ValueError as e:
+    except (OSError, ValueError) as e:
         _LOGGER.debug("Skipping Flash summary: %s", e)
         return
-    print_size_line("Flash", image_size, app_size)
+    if app_size <= 0:
+        _LOGGER.debug("Skipping Flash summary: app partition size is 0")
+        return
+    print_size_line("Flash", flash_used, app_size)

esphome/espidf/toolchain.py

@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ def run_compile(config, verbose: bool) -> int:
     if rc == 0:
         size_json = CORE.relative_build_path("build", "esp_idf_size.json")
         partitions = CORE.relative_build_path("partitions.csv")
-        print_summary(size_json, partitions if partitions.is_file() else None)
+        print_summary(size_json, partitions, get_built_elf_path())
     return rc
 
 
@@ -579,6 +579,16 @@ def get_ota_firmware_path() -> Path:
     return build_dir / "firmware.ota.bin"
 
 
+def get_built_elf_path() -> Path:
+    """Path to the ELF idf.py writes directly, ``<build>/<name>.elf``.
+
+    Exists as soon as the build finishes, unlike the ``firmware.elf``
+    copy that ``create_elf_copy`` makes later.
+    """
+    build_dir = CORE.relative_build_path("build")
+    return build_dir / f"{CORE.name}.elf"
+
+
 def get_elf_path() -> Path:
     """Get the path to the firmware ELF file.
 
@@ -706,8 +716,7 @@ def create_elf_copy() -> bool:
     "download ELF" link requests the literal filename ``firmware.elf``
     (PlatformIO convention), so copy it to that name.
     """
-    build_dir = CORE.relative_build_path("build")
+    src_elf = get_built_elf_path()
-    src_elf = build_dir / f"{CORE.name}.elf"
     dst_elf = get_elf_path()
 
     if not src_elf.is_file():

tests/unit_tests/build_gen/test_espidf.py

@@ -163,6 +163,18 @@ def test_has_discovered_components_after_configure(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     assert has_discovered_components()
 
 
+def test_get_project_cmakelists_size_command_uses_json2() -> None:
+    """The POST_BUILD size command uses the cheap json2 format, with --ng
+    only on the 1.x tool bundled with IDF < 6."""
+    content = _render()
+    assert "-m esp_idf_size --ng --format=json2" in content
+
+    CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_IDF_VERSION] = cv.Version(6, 0, 0)
+    content = _render()
+    assert "--ng" not in content
+    assert "--format=json2" in content
+
+
 def test_get_project_cmakelists_uses_supplied_builtin_components() -> None:
     """A cached list replaces project_description.json and is still filtered
     by EXCLUDE_COMPONENTS."""

tests/unit_tests/test_espidf_toolchain.py

@@ -638,6 +638,43 @@ def test_run_compile_passes_compile_process_limit(setup_core: Path) -> None:
     mock_run.assert_called_once_with("build", "size", jobs=1)
 
 
+def test_run_compile_passes_size_summary_paths(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """print_summary receives the size json, partitions.csv, and the built
+    ELF from get_built_elf_path, which must stay in lockstep with the
+    project() name in the generated CMakeLists."""
+    _setup_build(setup_core)
+    config = {CONF_ESPHOME: {}}
+
+    with (
+        patch.object(toolchain, "need_reconfigure", return_value=False),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "run_idf_py", return_value=0),
+        patch.object(toolchain, "print_summary") as mock_summary,
+    ):
+        assert toolchain.run_compile(config, verbose=False) == 0
+
+    mock_summary.assert_called_once_with(
+        CORE.relative_build_path("build", "esp_idf_size.json"),
+        CORE.relative_build_path("partitions.csv"),
+        CORE.relative_build_path("build", f"{CORE.name}.elf"),
+    )
+
+
+def test_create_elf_copy(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """The built <name>.elf is copied to the firmware.elf dashboard name."""
+    _setup_build(setup_core)
+    src = toolchain.get_built_elf_path()
+    src.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    src.write_bytes(b"elf")
+    assert toolchain.create_elf_copy() is True
+    assert toolchain.get_elf_path().read_bytes() == b"elf"
+
+
+def test_create_elf_copy_missing_source(setup_core: Path) -> None:
+    """A missing built ELF is a warning and False, not a crash."""
+    _setup_build(setup_core)
+    assert toolchain.create_elf_copy() is False
+
+
 def test_run_compile_without_compile_process_limit(setup_core: Path) -> None:
     """When no compile_process_limit is set, no job limit is passed to idf.py."""
     _setup_build(setup_core)

tests/unit_tests/test_size_summary.py

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import json
 from pathlib import Path
+import struct
+from unittest.mock import patch
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -17,64 +19,106 @@ def _write_size_json(tmp_path: Path, data: dict) -> Path:
     return out
 
 
+def _write_partitions(tmp_path: Path) -> Path:
+    """Drop a partitions.csv with a 0x1C0000 (1835008 byte) app slot."""
+    out = tmp_path / "partitions.csv"
+    out.write_text(
+        "# name, type, subtype, offset, size, flags\n"
+        "app0, app, ota_0, 0x10000, 0x1C0000,\n"
+    )
+    return out
+
+
+def _elf_bytes(sections: list[tuple[int, int, int]], shentsize: int = 40) -> bytes:
+    """Build a minimal ELF32 LE whose section headers carry the given
+    (sh_type, sh_flags, sh_size) triples."""
+    out = bytearray(52)
+    out[0:4] = b"\x7fELF"
+    out[4] = out[5] = 1  # 32-bit, little-endian
+    struct.pack_into("<I", out, 0x20, 52)  # e_shoff
+    struct.pack_into("<HH", out, 0x2E, shentsize, len(sections))
+    for sh_type, sh_flags, sh_size in sections:
+        shdr = bytearray(40)
+        struct.pack_into("<II", shdr, 4, sh_type, sh_flags)
+        struct.pack_into("<I", shdr, 20, sh_size)
+        out += shdr
+    return bytes(out)
+
+
 def _esp32_size_data() -> dict:
-    """Synthetic esp_idf_size.json for the original ESP32 (split IRAM/DRAM)."""
+    """Synthetic json2 for the original ESP32 (split IRAM/DRAM), in the
+    esp-idf-size >= 2.1 shape that carries ``total_size``."""
     return {
-        "image_size": 827455,
+        "version": "1.1",
-        "memory_types": {
+        "total_size": 827455,
-            "DRAM": {
+        "layout": [
-                "size": 180736,
+            {
+                "name": "DRAM",
+                "total": 180736,
                 "used": 47332,
-                "sections": {
+                "free": 133404,
-                    ".dram0.bss": {"abbrev_name": ".bss", "size": 30616},
+                "parts": {
-                    ".dram0.data": {"abbrev_name": ".data", "size": 16716},
+                    ".bss": {"size": 30616},
+                    ".data": {"size": 16716},
                 },
             },
-            "IRAM": {
+            {
-                "size": 131072,
+                "name": "IRAM",
+                "total": 131072,
                 "used": 80351,
-                "sections": {
+                "free": 50721,
-                    ".iram0.text": {"abbrev_name": ".text", "size": 79323},
+                "parts": {
-                    ".iram0.vectors": {"abbrev_name": ".vectors", "size": 1028},
+                    ".text": {"size": 79323},
+                    ".vectors": {"size": 1028},
                 },
             },
-        },
+        ],
     }
 
 
 def _s3_size_data() -> dict:
-    """Synthetic esp_idf_size.json for ESP32-S3 (unified DIRAM)."""
+    """Synthetic json2 for ESP32-S3 (unified DIRAM), in the esp-idf-size 1.x
+    shape without ``total_size``."""
     return {
-        "image_size": 724215,
+        "version": "1.1",
-        "memory_types": {
+        "layout": [
-            "DIRAM": {
+            {
-                "size": 341760,
+                "name": "DIRAM",
+                "total": 341760,
                 "used": 104999,
-                "sections": {
+                "free": 236761,
-                    ".iram0.text": {"abbrev_name": ".text", "size": 58051},
+                "parts": {
-                    ".dram0.bss": {"abbrev_name": ".bss", "size": 27088},
+                    ".text": {"size": 58051},
-                    ".dram0.data": {"abbrev_name": ".data", "size": 19708},
+                    ".bss": {"size": 27088},
-                    ".noinit": {"abbrev_name": ".noinit", "size": 152},
+                    ".data": {"size": 19708},
+                    ".noinit": {"size": 152},
                 },
             },
-            "IRAM": {
+            {
-                "size": 16384,
+                "name": "IRAM",
+                "total": 16384,
                 "used": 16384,
-                "sections": {
+                "free": 0,
-                    ".iram0.text": {"abbrev_name": ".text", "size": 15356},
+                "parts": {
-                    ".iram0.vectors": {"abbrev_name": ".vectors", "size": 1028},
+                    ".text": {"size": 15356},
+                    ".vectors": {"size": 1028},
                 },
             },
-        },
+        ],
     }
 
 
+def _print_summary_ram_only(tmp_path: Path, size_json: Path) -> None:
+    """Call print_summary with no partitions.csv or ELF on disk."""
+    print_summary(size_json, tmp_path / "partitions.csv", tmp_path / "firmware.elf")
+
+
 def test_print_summary_esp32_uses_dram(
     tmp_path: Path, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
 ) -> None:
-    """Original ESP32: DRAM has no ``.text``, so RAM = DRAM.used / DRAM.size unchanged."""
+    """Original ESP32: RAM = DRAM.used / DRAM.total."""
     size_json = _write_size_json(tmp_path, _esp32_size_data())
-    print_summary(size_json, partitions_csv=None)
+    _print_summary_ram_only(tmp_path, size_json)
     out = capsys.readouterr().out
     assert "RAM:" in out
     assert "used 47332 bytes from 180736 bytes" in out
@@ -83,63 +127,193 @@ def test_print_summary_esp32_uses_dram(
 def test_print_summary_s3_falls_back_to_diram(
     tmp_path: Path, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
 ) -> None:
-    """ESP32-S3 with no DRAM key falls back to DIRAM and reports raw region usage."""
+    """ESP32-S3 with no DRAM entry falls back to DIRAM and reports raw region usage."""
     size_json = _write_size_json(tmp_path, _s3_size_data())
-    print_summary(size_json, partitions_csv=None)
+    _print_summary_ram_only(tmp_path, size_json)
     out = capsys.readouterr().out
     assert "used 104999 bytes from 341760 bytes" in out
 
 
 def test_print_summary_skips_when_diram_total_collapses(
-    tmp_path: Path, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str],
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
 ) -> None:
     """A zero-size region drops the RAM line rather than divide by zero."""
     size_json = _write_size_json(
         tmp_path,
         {
-            "memory_types": {
+            "version": "1.1",
-                "DIRAM": {
+            "layout": [{"name": "DIRAM", "total": 0, "used": 0}],
-                    "size": 0,
-                    "used": 0,
-                    "sections": {},
-                },
-            },
         },
     )
-    print_summary(size_json, partitions_csv=None)
+    _print_summary_ram_only(tmp_path, size_json)
     out = capsys.readouterr().out
     assert "RAM:" not in out
+    assert "unusable region" in caplog.text
 
 
 def test_print_summary_handles_missing_json(
     tmp_path: Path, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
 ) -> None:
     """Missing size json is non-fatal and prints nothing."""
-    print_summary(tmp_path / "does_not_exist.json", partitions_csv=None)
+    _print_summary_ram_only(tmp_path, tmp_path / "does_not_exist.json")
     assert capsys.readouterr().out == ""
 
 
-def test_print_summary_handles_no_memory_types(
+def test_print_summary_handles_no_layout(
-    tmp_path: Path, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str],
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
 ) -> None:
-    """A size json without ``memory_types`` still doesn't crash."""
+    """A size json without ``layout`` warns so schema drift is visible."""
-    size_json = _write_size_json(tmp_path, {"image_size": 0})
+    size_json = _write_size_json(tmp_path, {"version": "1.1"})
-    print_summary(size_json, partitions_csv=None)
+    _print_summary_ram_only(tmp_path, size_json)
     assert capsys.readouterr().out == ""
-
+    assert any(
-
+        r.levelname == "WARNING" and "no DRAM/DIRAM region" in r.message
-def test_print_summary_flash_line(
+        for r in caplog.records
-    tmp_path: Path, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
-) -> None:
-    """A partition table with an app row yields the Flash line in the exact
-    padded shape script/ci_memory_impact_extract.py greps."""
-    size_json = _write_size_json(tmp_path, _esp32_size_data())
-    partitions = tmp_path / "partitions.csv"
-    partitions.write_text(
-        "# name, type, subtype, offset, size, flags\n"
-        "app0, app, ota_0, 0x10000, 0x1C0000,\n"
     )
-    print_summary(size_json, partitions)
+
+
+def test_print_summary_flash_line_prefers_total_size(
+    tmp_path: Path, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
+) -> None:
+    """With ``total_size`` in the json, that figure wins without reading the
+    ELF, in the exact shape script/ci_memory_impact_extract.py greps."""
+    size_json = _write_size_json(tmp_path, _esp32_size_data())
+    partitions = _write_partitions(tmp_path)
+    print_summary(size_json, partitions, tmp_path / "firmware.elf")
     out = capsys.readouterr().out
     assert "Flash: " in out
     assert "(used 827455 bytes from 1835008 bytes)" in out
+
+
+def test_print_summary_flash_line_derives_from_elf(
+    tmp_path: Path, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
+) -> None:
+    """A 1.x json without ``total_size`` sums the ELF's loadable PROGBITS
+    sections; NOBITS and non-alloc sections are excluded."""
+    size_json = _write_size_json(tmp_path, _s3_size_data())
+    partitions = _write_partitions(tmp_path)
+    firmware_elf = tmp_path / "firmware.elf"
+    firmware_elf.write_bytes(
+        _elf_bytes(
+            [
+                (1, 0x6, 700000),  # PROGBITS, alloc+exec: counted
+                (1, 0x2, 24215),  # PROGBITS, alloc: counted
+                (8, 0x2, 50000),  # NOBITS (.bss): excluded
+                (1, 0x0, 12345),  # PROGBITS, no alloc (.debug_*): excluded
+            ]
+        )
+    )
+    print_summary(size_json, partitions, firmware_elf)
+    out = capsys.readouterr().out
+    assert "(used 724215 bytes from 1835008 bytes)" in out
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "data",
+    [
+        pytest.param([1, 2], id="top_level_list"),
+        pytest.param({"version": "1.1", "layout": None}, id="layout_null"),
+        pytest.param({"version": "1.1", "layout": 7}, id="layout_scalar"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_print_summary_handles_unexpected_shapes(
+    data: object, tmp_path: Path, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
+) -> None:
+    """A foreign-schema size json degrades to a warning, never a traceback."""
+    size_json = _write_size_json(tmp_path, data)
+    _print_summary_ram_only(tmp_path, size_json)
+    assert capsys.readouterr().out == ""
+
+
+def test_print_summary_skips_flash_on_zero_app_partition(
+    tmp_path: Path, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
+) -> None:
+    """A zero-size app partition skips the Flash line rather than printing
+    a from-0-bytes figure CI would record."""
+    size_json = _write_size_json(tmp_path, _esp32_size_data())
+    partitions = tmp_path / "partitions.csv"
+    partitions.write_text(
+        "# name, type, subtype, offset, size, flags\napp0, app, ota_0, 0x10000, 0x0,\n"
+    )
+    print_summary(size_json, partitions, tmp_path / "firmware.elf")
+    out = capsys.readouterr().out
+    assert "Flash:" not in out
+
+
+def test_print_summary_skips_flash_on_unreadable_partitions(
+    tmp_path: Path, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
+) -> None:
+    """An unreadable partitions.csv is non-fatal (chmod tricks don't work
+    for root in CI containers, so simulate the OSError instead)."""
+    size_json = _write_size_json(tmp_path, _esp32_size_data())
+    partitions = _write_partitions(tmp_path)
+    with patch(
+        "esphome.espidf.size_summary._find_app_partition_size",
+        side_effect=PermissionError("denied"),
+    ):
+        print_summary(size_json, partitions, tmp_path / "firmware.elf")
+    assert "Flash:" not in capsys.readouterr().out
+
+
+def test_print_summary_flash_falls_back_on_bad_total_size(
+    tmp_path: Path, capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
+) -> None:
+    """A zero or non-int total_size falls back to the ELF instead of
+    printing a used-0-bytes line CI would read as a real measurement."""
+    data = _s3_size_data()
+    data["total_size"] = 0
+    size_json = _write_size_json(tmp_path, data)
+    partitions = _write_partitions(tmp_path)
+    firmware_elf = tmp_path / "firmware.elf"
+    firmware_elf.write_bytes(_elf_bytes([(1, 0x2, 4096)]))
+    print_summary(size_json, partitions, firmware_elf)
+    out = capsys.readouterr().out
+    assert "(used 4096 bytes from 1835008 bytes)" in out
+
+
+_GOOD_ELF = _elf_bytes([(1, 0x2, 1024)])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("elf_bytes", "with_partitions"),
+    [
+        pytest.param(None, True, id="missing_elf"),
+        pytest.param(b"junk", True, id="not_an_elf"),
+        pytest.param(
+            _elf_bytes([(1, 0x2, 1024)], shentsize=0), True, id="bad_shentsize"
+        ),
+        pytest.param(_GOOD_ELF[:60], True, id="truncated_table"),
+        pytest.param(_elf_bytes([]), True, id="no_sections"),
+        pytest.param(_elf_bytes([(8, 0x2, 50000)]), True, id="no_progbits"),
+        pytest.param(_GOOD_ELF, False, id="missing_partitions"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_print_summary_skips_flash_on_bad_input(
+    elf_bytes: bytes | None,
+    with_partitions: bool,
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str],
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """An unusable ELF or missing partitions.csv skips the Flash line, not the RAM line."""
+    size_json = _write_size_json(tmp_path, _s3_size_data())
+    firmware_elf = tmp_path / "firmware.elf"
+    if elf_bytes is not None:
+        firmware_elf.write_bytes(elf_bytes)
+    if with_partitions:
+        _write_partitions(tmp_path)
+    print_summary(size_json, tmp_path / "partitions.csv", firmware_elf)
+    out = capsys.readouterr().out
+    assert "RAM:" in out
+    assert "Flash:" not in out
+    # ELF problems warn (anomaly after a successful build); a missing
+    # partitions.csv stays at debug
+    warned = any(
+        r.levelname == "WARNING" and "Skipping Flash summary" in r.message
+        for r in caplog.records
+    )
+    assert warned == with_partitions