Note the lifetime of the key setter strings

Co-authored-by: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>

.agents/skills/hardware-test/SKILL.md

@@ -93,13 +93,15 @@ ESP-IDF OTA image: `.esphome/build/<name>/build/firmware.ota.bin`. LibreTiny OTA
 - `ports.py`: list ports with VID:PID, product, serial and a board guess; `--wait VID[:PID]`,
   `--product NAME`, `--serial SN` (one specific board, whatever path it comes back under) and
   `--serial-of PORT` (the serial number behind a path).
-- `serial_capture.py PORT SECONDS OUT [--baud] [--released] [--reset] [--append]`: bounded timestamped
-  capture, ANSI stripped, `LOG_SECRET` text written as `<secret>`, reopens a vanished port, exits at the
+- `serial_capture.py PORT SECONDS OUT [--baud] [--released] [--reset] [--append] [--ms]`: bounded timestamped
+  capture (`--ms` adds milliseconds for timing work), ANSI stripped, `LOG_SECRET` text written as `<secret>`, reopens a vanished port, exits at the
   deadline. OUT is truncated unless `--append` is given, so counts over it cover one run.
 - `flash_rtl87xx_kit.py`: ltchiptool wrapper for the BW15 kit whose CH340 drives CEN (RTS) and the boot
   strap (DTR). `flash read` needs the family `realtek-ambz2`; `flash write` does not.
 - `flash_bk72xx.py`: ltchiptool wrapper for BK72xx boards whose RTS drives CEN. It misses the link now
   and then; retry up to three times.
+- `api_button.py HOST KEY list|press NAME [...]`: list a device's template buttons or press them over the API; the
+  recipes drive their test configs with it.
 - `wifisave_hammer.sh KIND DUT_PORT DUT_YAML DUT_TREE CLIENT_PORT CLIENT_YAML CLIENT_TREE [SETTLE]`:
   the fallback AP plus captive portal hammer end to end (compile, flash, capture, counts) with the
   templates below. KIND is `esp`, `pico`, `bw15` or `bk`. It ends with `RESULT PASS` (exit 0),
@@ -113,7 +115,7 @@ Per-topic scripts, each described in the matching `reference/recipes/<component>
 (host driver, Zephyr driver probe), `rtsp_server/` (protocol client, raw rate reader, measurement set,
 API image grab), `cse7766/` (API observer with ping), `zephyr_coredump/` (reader flow, decode with the
 Zephyr tools), `libretiny_prefs/` (rtc preference harness header), `libretiny_crash/` (BK72xx crash probe header and
-capture decoder).
+capture decoder), `api_outgoing/` (wake cycle and Wi-Fi drop timing readers), `ld2450/` (zone number driver), `dfrobot_sen0395/` (API driver and case runner), `homeassistant_light/` (direct bulb driver, held-report case driver), `usb_audio/` (URL player).
 
 ## Templates in `$SKILL/templates`
 
@@ -125,7 +127,11 @@ capture decoder).
 - Per-topic device configs, each described in `reference/recipes/<component>.md`: `online-image-dut.yaml`,
   `usb-cdc-acm-dongle-dut.yaml`, `nrf52-preferences-dut.yaml`, `rtsp-waveshare-s3-eth-dut.yaml`,
   `waveshare-s3-eth-camdiag.yaml`, `s31-cse7766-dut.yaml`, `nrf52-coredump-crash-dut.yaml`,
-  `bk72xx-rtc-prefs-dut.yaml`, `bk72xx-crash-probe-dut.yaml`, `dut-ap-only-wipe-once-bk72xx.yaml`.
+  `bk72xx-rtc-prefs-dut.yaml`, `bk72xx-crash-probe-dut.yaml`, `dut-ap-only-wipe-once-bk72xx.yaml`,
+  `homeassistant-light-dut.yaml`, `deep-sleep-outgoing-dut.yaml`, `outgoing-wifi-drop-dut.yaml`,
+  `globals-storage-dut.yaml`, `usb-audio-waveshare-s3-eth-dut.yaml`, `usb-audio-sendspin-s3-eth-dut.yaml`,
+  `cast-pro-1-sendspin-control.yaml`, `aux-2-preprod-stock-dut.yaml`, `aux-2-preprod-usb-audio-dut.yaml`,
+  `dfrobot-sen0395-dut.yaml`.
 
 ## When something looks wrong
 

.agents/skills/hardware-test/reference/recipes/README.md

@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ Each flow names the pull requests it was used on, so their result tables show wh
 
 One file per component, named after it:
 
-- [`api.md`](api.md): noise handshake and OTA encryption on the ESP8266
+- [`api.md`](api.md): noise handshake and OTA encryption on the ESP8266, outgoing connection wake timing on deep sleep and after a Wi-Fi drop
 - [`captive_portal.md`](captive_portal.md): fallback AP and /wifisave hammer
 - [`cse7766.md`](cse7766.md): Sonoff S31 parser check over the API
 - [`espnow.md`](espnow.md): ESP8266 broadcast receive
 - [`hdmi_cec.md`](hdmi_cec.md): two-board wire
-- [`ld2450.md`](ld2450.md): polygon zones
+- [`ld2450.md`](ld2450.md): polygon zones, zone number round trip through the radar's readback
 - [`libretiny.md`](libretiny.md): rtc preference emulation, BK72xx crash report on the next boot
 - [`mqtt.md`](mqtt.md): broker bench, QoS, reconnect, crash log over MQTT
 - [`nrf52.md`](nrf52.md): dongle board support
@@ -24,3 +24,7 @@ One file per component, named after it:
 - [`zephyr.md`](zephyr.md): preferences on the nRF52840 dongle
 - [`zephyr_coredump.md`](zephyr_coredump.md): crash and decode on nRF52 boards
 - [`zwave_proxy.md`](zwave_proxy.md): frame checksums on a live proxy
+- [`globals.md`](globals.md): restoring globals with storage rtc and flash across every reset kind
+- [`homeassistant.md`](homeassistant.md): light platform mirrored from a local Home Assistant, held reports versus later calls
+- [`usb_audio.md`](usb_audio.md): USB audio speaker and microphone, the usb_host FIFO split, and Music Assistant playback through sendspin
+- [`dfrobot_sen0395.md`](dfrobot_sen0395.md): SEN0395 mmWave command flow, module quirks and overlong lines through its error reply

.agents/skills/hardware-test/reference/recipes/api.md

@@ -5,3 +5,26 @@
 Host side timing is useless on a weak link; use an on-device bench with the minimum of five runs over
 two boots. Provision a key with `noise_encryption_set_key` through aioesphomeapi and upload with
 `espota2.run_ota(host, 8266, None, bin, noise_psk=key)` when the key is not in the yaml.
+
+## Outgoing connection wake timing on a deep sleep build (#21077)
+
+`templates/deep-sleep-outgoing-dut.yaml`: classic ESP32 ESP-IDF, `wifi: fast_connect`, `api: encryption` with a bare
+`outgoing_connection:`, `deep_sleep` 15 s run and 15 s sleep, a `homeassistant` text sensor, and `millis()` logged
+from `wifi: on_connect`, `api: on_client_connected` and the sensor's first `on_value`. Home Assistant's dial-in
+listener is on 6054; reuse a device name it already has. Flash by USB, `serial_capture.py PORT 360 OUT --reset` for
+12 cycles, then `scripts/api_outgoing/cycles.py OUT LABEL` prints per cycle the wifi, client and state millis with
+the client-wifi and state-client gaps. Wi-Fi takes 4 to 8 s after a wake, so compare the client-wifi gap, and run
+the PR twice around one base run because the spread is a few hundred ms.
+Results: https://github.com/esphome/esphome/pull/21077#issuecomment-6254098014
+
+## Outgoing connection on a mains build after a Wi-Fi drop (#21085)
+
+`templates/outgoing-wifi-drop-dut.yaml`: classic ESP32, `outgoing_connection: delay: 2s`, a "Wifi cycle" button doing
+`wifi.disable`, 4 s, `wifi.enable`, a `debug` loop-time sensor, millis from the wifi and api triggers. Flash by USB,
+`serial_capture.py PORT SECONDS OUT --ms`, press the button N times 40 s apart with `api_button.py DEV_IP KEY press
+"Wifi cycle"`, then `wificycles.py CAPTURE LABEL` prints per drop the Wi-Fi-to-dial gap, dials and dials closed, who
+connected first, and the loop-time maxima. For the loop cost of polling, repeat with an unreachable
+`host: 192.0.2.1`. Home Assistant refuses a dial-in while its own session is READY (`Refusing dial-in adoption`),
+so after a drop every dial is closed and HA's incoming reconnect wins 11 to 33 s later; the measurable effect is the
+first dial landing in the loop the network flag flips.
+Results: https://github.com/esphome/esphome/pull/21085#issuecomment-6254742791

.agents/skills/hardware-test/reference/recipes/dfrobot_sen0395.md

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# dfrobot_sen0395
+
+## DFRobot SEN0395 mmWave on an ESP32 DevKit V1 (#20906, #20979)
+
+Wiring: V to VIN (5 V, the module wants 3.6 to 5 V), G to GND, sensor TX to GPIO16 (RX2), sensor RX to GPIO17
+(TX2), IO2 to GPIO18 (presence output, a gpio binary sensor), I1 unconnected. `templates/dfrobot-sen0395-dut.yaml`
+has the hub, both detection binary sensors, the four switches, settings buttons and junk-line buttons.
+`scripts/dfrobot_sen0395/ctl.py HOST KEY press:NAME sw:NAME=on|off wait:S` drives it and prints binary sensor and
+switch updates; `cases.sh DEV_IP KEY CAPTURE LABEL` runs the whole flow against a running serial capture. Flash by
+USB, `serial_capture.py PORT 540 CAPTURE --reset`, then the cases; compare the `Sending command` and `Message:` lines
+and the counts of `Done`, `Error`, prompts and frames between builds. The module echoes every command, so the echoed
+lines are the bytes the component sent and can be compared between builds as a set.
+
+Module facts: it answers `Done` or `Error` and then the `leapMMW:/>` prompt without a line end; a junk line gets
+`<line> is not recognized as a CLI command` (36 chars longer than the line, so 220 and 240 byte junk gives 256 and
+276 char replies); input lines of 256 bytes or more make the module assert (`..\User_code\main.c line:232`) and
+restart, after which the sensor is stopped; a factory reset restarts the module about 7 s later; `sensorStop` on a
+stopped sensor answers `sensor stopped already` then `Error`; a settings press takes 5 to 6 s (stop, change, save,
+start). Free heap on the ESP32 is Wi-Fi noise (192 to 198 kB) and says nothing about the component.
+Results: https://github.com/esphome/esphome/pull/20979#issuecomment-6279129146 and
+https://github.com/esphome/esphome/pull/20906#issuecomment-6279129604

.agents/skills/hardware-test/reference/recipes/globals.md

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# globals
+
+## Restoring globals with storage: rtc and flash (#13954)
+
+`templates/globals-storage-dut.yaml` is the shared package: five restoring globals (rtc int, flash int, default int,
+rtc `std::string`, rtc `uint8_t[2]`), bumped and logged with the reset reason on every boot, saved and synced after
+2 s, odd boots `App.safe_reboot()`. Platform files add the board (`packages: dut: !include globals-storage-dut.yaml`), the `debug` reset-reason text sensor and, on the
+ESP32, `deep_sleep: run_duration: 12s, sleep_duration: 8s` (even boots sleep). No network needed: flash by USB,
+`serial_capture.py PORT 110 OUT --reset` gives the reset pulse plus a run of soft restarts and sleeps; the ESP32's
+EN pulse is a `POWERON_RESET` that empties RTC memory, the D1 mini's RST pulse (`rst cause:2`) keeps it, so the
+ESP8266 needs a real power cut by hand; arm long `--released` captures on both ports first (the capture
+reopens the port when it comes back, the very first boot lines are still lost, read the next boot's restored
+values). Unchanged-build check: the config with every `storage:` removed, built on the PR and on the dev merge
+commit under the PR's own commits (not the merge base, which is older dev), `cmp -l` plus an `nm -S` symbol diff;
+only the template names differ. Results: https://github.com/esphome/esphome/pull/13954#issuecomment-6254794712

.agents/skills/hardware-test/reference/recipes/homeassistant.md

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# homeassistant
+
+## homeassistant light platform against a local Home Assistant (#11354)
+
+A local Home Assistant dev install (`hass -c config`, https://127.0.0.1:8123 with a self-signed cert); its ESPHome
+entries and entity ids are in `config/.storage/`. Two ESPHome RGBCW bulbs with a plaintext API are the lights, so an
+"HA side" change is made directly on a bulb with `scripts/homeassistant_light/bulb.py BULB_IP - on|off|state|restart`.
+Add the test devices to HA by hand with the shared `api_key` and "Allow the device to perform Home Assistant actions".
+
+`templates/homeassistant-light-dut.yaml` is a package: two mirrors, buttons for each change, a "Log state" button, a
+30 s alive line, an `on_boot` `light.turn_on` for the change-before-first-write path, and VERBOSE logging with the
+noisy tags at DEBUG (a tag cannot exceed the global level). A platform file sets the board and includes it:
+
+```yaml
+esphome:
+  name: ha-light-dut
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+packages:
+  dut: !include homeassistant-light-dut.yaml
+```
+
+Flash by USB, start a bounded `esphome logs` capture per device, then press buttons with
+`scripts/api_button.py DEV_IP KEY press "Button"` and read the bulb with `bulb.py`. Cases: each
+button against the bulb and the device log; a direct bulb change that both mirrors follow; restart the bulb, send a
+change, expect the 5 s `did not report the change back` and the fallback (with an off and with an on last report);
+OTA reboot with a serial capture running to see the boot-time change (the API log client reconnects too late).
+
+Lessons: the light core clamps mireds to the range HA reported; a flash sends nothing; a change sent while HA is
+connected but not yet subscribed is dropped by the api server (`client has not subscribed to actions (yet)`); after a
+fallback to an off report the mirror keeps the unsent brightness; a mirror that never saw its light on since boot has
+no levels to restore. Results: https://github.com/esphome/esphome/pull/11354#issuecomment-6253630336 and
+https://github.com/esphome/esphome/pull/11354#issuecomment-6254161409
+
+## Held report versus a later call (#21144)
+
+A report that arrives during a transition is held and applied when the transition ends, unless a call came after
+it. `scripts/homeassistant_light/heldcase.py DEV_IP KEY BULB_IP same|many [BULB_KEY]` (a key of `-` is plaintext) keeps one API connection to the mirror
+device and one to the bulb so the steps land inside a 3 s fade: press "A 50 fade 3s", 0.7 s later set the bulb to
+90% directly (the report is held), 1.4 s in press the same fade again (or "A many calls", 16 calls in one loop
+pass). Pass: the mirror and the bulb end at the second call's target. Only `same` reproduces the bug: a build
+without the fix logs `Applying the report that arrived during the transition` and the bulb stays at 90%. `many`
+ends at 100% on both builds because the last call's target differs from the held report, so it is a regression
+check only, not a reproduction. Separate button presses are too slow (about 1.5 s each) to land inside the fade.
+The mirrors are not API entities, so read their state from the "Log state" button's line. Results: https://github.com/esphome/esphome/pull/21144#issuecomment-6278257695

.agents/skills/hardware-test/reference/recipes/ld2450.md

@@ -5,3 +5,11 @@
 To make a target "leave" without anyone moving, set the radar's Zone-1 numbers over the target and
 switch the zone type to `Filter` (the count drops to 0 within 0.5 s); set it back to `Disabled` after.
 Writing those numbers blocks the ld2450 loop about 50 ms.
+
+## Zone numbers round trip (#21146)
+
+`scripts/ld2450/zonedrive.py HOST KEY(- for plaintext) set:NAME=VALUE sel:NAME=OPTION wait:S list` sets numbers and
+selects over the API and prints every LD2450 state update. After each set the hub sends the set zone command, queries
+the radar and republishes all twelve coordinates from the answer, so set each coordinate of each zone to a distinct
+value and check the readbacks; no target is needed. Readbacks can arrive late over Wi-Fi, so match them by content.
+Results: https://github.com/esphome/esphome/pull/21146#issuecomment-6278026922

.agents/skills/hardware-test/reference/recipes/usb_audio.md

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# usb_audio
+
+## USB audio on the Waveshare ESP32-S3-ETH (#21081, #11728)
+
+`templates/usb-audio-waveshare-s3-eth-dut.yaml`: ESP-IDF, PoE, logs over the API on Ethernet (the native USB port is
+the host port, so there is no console), `usb_audio` hub, a 48 kHz 16-bit microphone, a 48 kHz 24-bit speaker (many
+speakerphones offer only 24-bit; a wrong format logs the device's alternates), buttons for capture start and stop,
+a non-blocking beep fed from an 8 ms interval with `play(buf, len, 0)` (a blocking `play()` on the main loop trips
+the task watchdog), and a status interval with mic bytes, speaker state and heap. Drive the buttons with
+`scripts/api_button.py IP KEY press "Beep"`. Expect 192 kB/s microphone bytes and the FIFO split
+RX 80 / NPTX 16 / PTX 104 in the build's `defines.h`; with the balanced split the 294-byte OUT pipe is refused
+(`EP MPS (294) exceeds supported limit (128)`). A device whose OUT endpoint is larger than 600 bytes cannot be
+claimed on an S3 at all.
+
+## Music Assistant through sendspin
+
+`templates/usb-audio-sendspin-s3-eth-dut.yaml` overlays the template above with the Apollo CAST-1 wiring: resampler
+speakers into a mixer whose inputs never time out, `speaker_source` media player with the sendspin source, and
+`sendspin: unpaired_access: true`. A `media_player: platform: speaker` is not a media-source consumer and gives
+"Player over its buffer", no audio. Music Assistant finds the device by mDNS within 15 s of boot.
+
+Read the result from the device, not only by ear: sendspin's sync task logs `Lost sync (N us off)` (DEBUG, tag
+`SsSync`) for every correction over 5 ms, a positive N inserts that much silence, and each one is an audible click.
+For the chunk lead histogram, edit the managed library in the build directory,
+`.esphome/build/<name>/managed_components/sendspin__sendspin-cpp/src/sync_task.cpp` (an `SS_LOGD` before the
+late-chunk skip in `decode_chunk()` printing the chunk's lead against `new_audio_client_playtime`), update only that
+file's `size` and sha256 `hash` in the component's `CHECKSUMS.json`, and compile again; deleting `.component_hash` or
+recomputing it makes the manager refuse or refetch. Check the edit is in the image with `strings firmware.ota.bin`.
+A lead below -5 ms makes the library skip the whole chunk; an I2S speaker keeps it within 0.1 ms of zero, which is
+the figure a USB speaker has to match.
+
+Gotchas: wait two minutes after a reboot before the measured stream (safe mode's boot counter write stalls the cores
+for about 140 ms once, 60 to 75 s after boot); with the serial console on, a DEBUG log line per report saturates
+UART0 and trips the task watchdog, so use `logger: baud_rate: 0` and the API log; two overlapping `esphome logs`
+captures double every count; and every audio test must include a pause and resume cycle, since a stream end that
+leaves less than one transfer parked in the driver was what hung the speaker after #11728 merged.
+
+## Controls
+
+Apollo CAST PRO-1 (`templates/cast-pro-1-sendspin-control.yaml`): `Core.yaml` next to it is
+`Integrations/ESPHome/Core.yaml` from ApolloAutomation/CAST_PRO-1, which also defines the `version` substitution.
+Keep its framework log level at ERROR (DEBUG floods driver output and trips the watchdog); the package reboots itself
+into Ethernet-only once it sees a link and appends the MAC suffix to the name. `wifi: enable_on_boot: false` keeps
+sendspin off Wi-Fi.
+
+Nabu Casa Connect AUX-2 (a pre-production unit): build from `packages/aux-2-pre-prod.yaml` at NabuCasa/aux-2 commit
+283f2e64 (dropped in bde41e01), not the public `aux-2.yaml`, whose W5500, codec and I2S pins differ (the public one
+reads W5500 chip ID 0x00 and fails the codec's I2C writes). Point its local `external_components` source at
+`github://NabuCasa/aux-2@main`. Templates `aux-2-preprod-stock-dut.yaml` (I2S codec) and
+`aux-2-preprod-usb-audio-dut.yaml` (the USB speaker as the mixer output via `!extend mixing_speaker`). The console is
+the CH343 (1a86:55d3); first flash over it, OTA after. Forcing the Wi-Fi flag off with `restore_value: no` boot-loops
+when Ethernet fails, so let the package switch itself.

.agents/skills/hardware-test/scripts/api_button.py

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+"""Press a template button on the test device over the API, or list its buttons.
+
+usage: api_button.py HOST KEY list | press "Button name" [...]
+"""
+
+import asyncio
+import sys
+
+from aioesphomeapi import APIClient, ButtonInfo
+
+HOST, KEY = sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2]
+CMD, ARGS = sys.argv[3], sys.argv[4:]
+
+
+async def main() -> None:
+    c = APIClient(HOST, 6053, None, noise_psk=KEY)
+    await c.connect(login=True)
+    ents, _ = await c.list_entities_services()
+    buttons = {e.name: e for e in ents if isinstance(e, ButtonInfo)}
+    if CMD == "list":
+        print("\n".join(sorted(buttons)))
+    else:
+        for name in ARGS:
+            if name not in buttons:
+                sys.exit(f"no button named {name!r}; have {sorted(buttons)}")
+            c.button_command(buttons[name].key)
+            print("pressed", name)
+            await asyncio.sleep(0.3)
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
+    await c.disconnect()
+
+
+asyncio.run(main())

.agents/skills/hardware-test/scripts/api_outgoing/cycles.py

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+"""Per wake cycle timings from a serial capture of the deep sleep timing config.
+
+usage: cycles.py CAPTURE [LABEL]
+A cycle starts at the boot banner; the numbers are the device's millis() from the timing lines, and the
+capture clock gap from the first line of the cycle to the "Dialing" line.
+"""
+
+import pathlib
+import re
+import statistics
+import sys
+
+cap = (
+    pathlib.Path(sys.argv[1]).read_text(encoding="utf-8", errors="replace").splitlines()
+)
+label = sys.argv[2] if len(sys.argv) > 2 else ""
+TS = re.compile(r"^\[(\d\d):(\d\d):(\d\d)(?:\.(\d+))?\]")
+
+
+def secs(line):
+    m = TS.match(line)
+    if not m:
+        return None
+    h, mi, s, f = m.groups()
+    return int(h) * 3600 + int(mi) * 60 + int(s) + (int(f) / 10 ** len(f) if f else 0)
+
+
+cycles = []
+cur = None
+for line in cap:
+    if "rst:0x" in line or (cur is None and "Log initialized" in line):
+        cur = {"start": secs(line), "reset": line.split("]", 1)[-1].strip()[:60]}
+        cycles.append(cur)
+        continue
+    if cur is None:
+        continue
+    if "Dialing" in line:
+        cur.setdefault("dial_cap", secs(line))
+    m = re.search(r"wifi connected at (\d+) ms", line)
+    if m:
+        cur.setdefault("wifi", int(m.group(1)))
+    m = re.search(r"client connected at (\d+) ms \((.*?)\)", line)
+    if m and "client" not in cur:
+        cur["client"] = int(m.group(1))
+        cur["who"] = m.group(2)
+    m = re.search(r"first HA state '(.*?)' at (\d+) ms", line)
+    if m and "state" not in cur:
+        cur["state"] = int(m.group(2))
+
+print(f"{label} cycles: {len(cycles)}")
+print(
+    f"{'n':>2} {'wifi ms':>8} {'dial +ms':>9} {'client ms':>10} {'state ms':>9} {'client-wifi':>11} {'state-client':>12}  client  reset"
+)
+for i, c in enumerate(cycles, 1):
+    dial = ""
+    if c.get("dial_cap") is not None and c.get("start") is not None:
+        dial = f"{(c['dial_cap'] - c['start']) * 1000:.0f}"
+    cw = c["client"] - c["wifi"] if "client" in c and "wifi" in c else ""
+    sc = c["state"] - c["client"] if "state" in c and "client" in c else ""
+    print(
+        f"{i:>2} {c.get('wifi', ''):>8} {dial:>9} {c.get('client', ''):>10} {c.get('state', ''):>9} {cw:>11} {sc:>12}  {c.get('who', '')}  {c.get('reset', '')[:28]}"
+    )
+for c in cycles:
+    if "client" in c and "wifi" in c:
+        c["client-wifi"] = c["client"] - c["wifi"]
+    if "state" in c and "client" in c:
+        c["state-client"] = c["state"] - c["client"]
+for key in ("wifi", "client", "state", "client-wifi", "state-client"):
+    vals = [c[key] for c in cycles if key in c]
+    if vals:
+        print(
+            f"{key}: n={len(vals)} min={min(vals)} median={statistics.median(vals):.0f} max={max(vals)}"
+        )

.agents/skills/hardware-test/scripts/api_outgoing/wificycles.py

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+"""Per Wi-Fi drop timings from a serial capture of the outgoing connection timing config.
+
+usage: wificycles.py CAPTURE [LABEL]
+A cycle starts at "wifi cycle disabling"; the numbers are the device's millis() from the timing lines.
+"dial" says whether the client that connected first came from the device's own dial ("Dialing" seen after the
+reconnect and before the hello) or from an incoming connection ("Accept" seen first).
+"""
+
+import pathlib
+import re
+import statistics
+import sys
+
+cap = (
+    pathlib.Path(sys.argv[1]).read_text(encoding="utf-8", errors="replace").splitlines()
+)
+label = sys.argv[2] if len(sys.argv) > 2 else ""
+TS = re.compile(r"^\[(\d\d):(\d\d):(\d\d)(?:\.(\d+))?\]")
+
+
+def secs(line):
+    m = TS.match(line)
+    if not m:
+        return None
+    h, mi, se, f = m.groups()
+    return int(h) * 3600 + int(mi) * 60 + int(se) + (int(f) / 10 ** len(f) if f else 0)
+
+
+cycles = []
+cur = None
+loop_max = []
+for line in cap:
+    m = re.search(r"loop time max (\d+) ms", line)
+    if m:
+        loop_max.append(int(m.group(1)))
+    if "wifi cycle disabling" in line:
+        cur = {"order": []}
+        cycles.append(cur)
+        continue
+    if cur is None:
+        continue
+    m = re.search(r"wifi connected at (\d+) ms", line)
+    if m and "wifi" not in cur:
+        cur["wifi"] = int(m.group(1))
+        cur["wifi_cap"] = secs(line)
+    if "Dialing" in line:
+        cur["order"].append("dial")
+        cur["dials"] = cur.get("dials", 0) + 1
+        if "dial_cap" not in cur and "wifi_cap" in cur:
+            cur["dial_cap"] = secs(line)
+        elif "dial_cap" not in cur and "dial_before_wifi_cap" not in cur:
+            cur["dial_before_wifi_cap"] = secs(line)
+    if (
+        re.search(r"client disconnected at \d+ ms \(\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+\)", line)
+        and "wifi" in cur
+        and "client" not in cur
+    ):
+        cur["dial_closed"] = cur.get("dial_closed", 0) + 1
+    if "Accept " in line and "wifi" in cur:
+        cur["order"].append("accept")
+    m = re.search(r"client connected at (\d+) ms \((.*?)\)", line)
+    if m and "wifi" in cur and "client" not in cur:
+        cur["client"] = int(m.group(1))
+        cur["who"] = m.group(2).split(" ")[0]
+        cur["via"] = cur["order"][0] if cur["order"] else "?"
+    m = re.search(r"Connect (failed|timeout)", line)
+    if m:
+        cur.setdefault("connect_errors", 0)
+        cur["connect_errors"] += 1
+
+print(f"{label} cycles: {len(cycles)}")
+print(
+    f"{'n':>2} {'wifi ms':>8} {'dial-wifi cap ms':>16} {'client ms':>10} {'client-wifi':>11}  via     dials closed  client"
+)
+for i, c in enumerate(cycles, 1):
+    cw = c["client"] - c["wifi"] if "client" in c and "wifi" in c else ""
+    c["client-wifi"] = cw
+    dw = ""
+    if "wifi_cap" in c and c.get("wifi_cap") is not None:
+        # the first dial of the cycle, whether it was logged before or after the Wi-Fi line
+        if c.get("dial_before_wifi_cap") is not None:
+            dw = f"{(c['dial_before_wifi_cap'] - c['wifi_cap']) * 1000:.0f}"
+        elif "dial_cap" in c and c["dial_cap"] is not None:
+            dw = f"{(c['dial_cap'] - c['wifi_cap']) * 1000:.0f}"
+    c["dial-wifi"] = dw
+    print(
+        f"{i:>2} {c.get('wifi', ''):>8} {dw:>16} {c.get('client', ''):>10} {cw:>11}  {c.get('via', ''):7s} {c.get('dials', 0):>5} {c.get('dial_closed', 0):>6}  {c.get('who', '')}"
+    )
+for via in ("dial", "accept"):
+    vals = [
+        c["client-wifi"]
+        for c in cycles
+        if c.get("via") == via and c["client-wifi"] != ""
+    ]
+    if vals:
+        print(
+            f"client-wifi via {via}: n={len(vals)} min={min(vals)} median={statistics.median(vals):.0f} max={max(vals)}"
+        )
+dws = [float(c["dial-wifi"]) for c in cycles if c.get("dial-wifi") not in ("", None)]
+if dws:
+    print(
+        f"dial after wifi connected (capture clock): n={len(dws)} min={min(dws):.0f} median={statistics.median(dws):.0f} max={max(dws):.0f}"
+    )
+if loop_max:
+    print(
+        f"loop time max per 5 s: n={len(loop_max)} min={min(loop_max)} median={statistics.median(loop_max):.0f} max={max(loop_max)}"
+    )

.agents/skills/hardware-test/scripts/dfrobot_sen0395/cases.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# cases.sh DEV_IP KEY CAPTURE LABEL : the SEN0395 flow (settings, switches, junk lines, factory reset, reset) against
+# templates/dfrobot-sen0395-dut.yaml, with a serial capture of the device running into CAPTURE
+D=$1; K=$2; LOG=$3; LABEL=$4; PY=${PYTHON:-python3}; CTL="$(dirname "$0")/ctl.py"
+show() { tail -n +$(($1+1)) "$LOG" | sed 's/\x1b\[[0-9;]*m//g' | grep -a 'dfrobot\|Detected\|\[W\]\|\[E\]\|sen\]' | grep -a -v 'JYBSS\|took a long time' | cut -c1-200; }
+step() { n0=$(wc -l < "$LOG"); echo "=== $LABEL: $1 ($(date +%T))"; shift; $PY "$CTL" "$D" "$K" "$@" || { rc=$?; echo "driver failed ($rc), aborting"; exit $rc; }; echo "--- device log:"; show "$n0"; }
+frames() { echo "frames: $(tail -n +$(($1+1)) "$LOG" | grep -a -c 'JYBSS,1') present, $(tail -n +$(($1+1)) "$LOG" | grep -a -c 'JYBSS,0') absent"; }
+n0=$(wc -l < "$LOG"); echo "=== $LABEL: 20 s of frames ($(date +%T))"; sleep 20; frames "$n0"
+step "range 0 to 3 m" "press:Range 0 to 3m" wait:12
+step "range 0 to 9 m" "press:Range 0 to 9m" wait:12
+step "latency 1 s / 2 s" "press:Latency 1s 2s" wait:12
+step "latency 0 / 0" "press:Latency 0 0" wait:12
+step "sensitivity 7" "press:Sensitivity 7" wait:12
+step "LED off then on" "sw:LED=off" wait:10 "sw:LED=on" wait:10
+step "sensor active off then on" "sw:Sensor active=off" wait:10 "sw:Sensor active=on" wait:10
+step "presence via UART off then on" "sw:Presence via UART=off" wait:10 "sw:Presence via UART=on" wait:10
+step "start after boot off then on" "sw:Start after boot=off" wait:10 "sw:Start after boot=on" wait:10
+for n in 100 160 200 220 240 256; do step "junk line of $n bytes" "press:Junk $n" wait:7; done
+step "junk 220 then a command" "press:Junk 220" wait:6 "press:Range 0 to 9m" wait:12
+step "factory reset" "press:Factory reset" wait:15
+step "reset" "press:Reset" wait:15
+n0=$(wc -l < "$LOG"); echo "=== $LABEL: 20 s of frames after ($(date +%T))"; sleep 20; frames "$n0"

.agents/skills/hardware-test/scripts/dfrobot_sen0395/ctl.py

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+"""Drive the SEN0395 test device over the API and print its binary sensor and switch updates.
+usage: ctl.py HOST KEY(- for plaintext) OP [OP ...]   OP: press:NAME | sw:NAME=on|off | wait:SECONDS
+"""
+
+import asyncio
+import sys
+import time
+
+from aioesphomeapi import (
+    APIClient,
+    BinarySensorState,
+    ButtonInfo,
+    SwitchInfo,
+    SwitchState,
+)
+
+HOST, KEY = sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2]
+OPS = sys.argv[3:]
+T0 = time.time()
+
+
+async def main() -> None:
+    c = APIClient(HOST, 6053, None, noise_psk=None if KEY == "-" else KEY)
+    await c.connect(login=True)
+    ents, _ = await c.list_entities_services()
+    by_key = {e.key: e for e in ents}
+    buttons = {e.name: e for e in ents if isinstance(e, ButtonInfo)}
+    switches = {e.name: e for e in ents if isinstance(e, SwitchInfo)}
+
+    def on_state(s) -> None:
+        e = by_key.get(s.key)
+        if isinstance(s, BinarySensorState):
+            print(
+                f"{time.time() - T0:7.3f} BIN {e.name} = {'ON' if s.state else 'off'}"
+            )
+        elif isinstance(s, SwitchState):
+            print(
+                f"{time.time() - T0:7.3f} SW  {e.name} = {'on' if s.state else 'off'}"
+            )
+
+    c.subscribe_states(on_state)
+    await asyncio.sleep(1.0)
+    for op in OPS:
+        kind, _, rest = op.partition(":")
+        if kind == "wait":
+            await asyncio.sleep(float(rest))
+        elif kind == "press":
+            if rest not in buttons:
+                sys.exit(f"no button {rest!r}; have {sorted(buttons)}")
+            print(f"{time.time() - T0:7.3f} >>> press {rest}")
+            c.button_command(buttons[rest].key)
+        elif kind == "sw":
+            name, _, val = rest.partition("=")
+            if name not in switches:
+                sys.exit(f"no switch {name!r}; have {sorted(switches)}")
+            print(f"{time.time() - T0:7.3f} >>> switch {name} {val}")
+            c.switch_command(switches[name].key, val == "on")
+        else:
+            sys.exit(f"unknown op {op!r}")
+    await c.disconnect()
+
+
+asyncio.run(main())

.agents/skills/hardware-test/scripts/homeassistant_light/bulb.py

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+"""Read or drive a bulb directly over its own ESPHome API (an HA-side change, independent of the mirror).
+
+usage: bulb.py HOST KEY state | on [brightness 0-1] [ct_mireds|rgb r,g,b] | off | restart
+"""
+
+import asyncio
+import sys
+
+from aioesphomeapi import APIClient, ButtonInfo, LightColorCapability, LightInfo
+
+HOST, KEY, CMD = sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2], sys.argv[3]
+ARGS = sys.argv[4:]
+
+
+async def main() -> None:
+    c = APIClient(HOST, 6053, None, noise_psk=None if KEY == "-" else KEY)
+    await c.connect(login=True)
+    ents, _ = await c.list_entities_services()
+    light = next((e for e in ents if isinstance(e, LightInfo)), None)
+    if light is None:
+        sys.exit("no light entity on this device; is HOST a bulb?")
+    if CMD == "state":
+        fut = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_future()
+
+        def on_state(st):
+            if getattr(st, "key", None) == light.key and not fut.done():
+                fut.set_result(st)
+
+        c.subscribe_states(on_state)
+        st = await asyncio.wait_for(fut, 5)
+        print(
+            f"{light.name}: on={st.state} mode={st.color_mode} bri={st.brightness:.2f} "
+            f"ct={st.color_temperature:.1f} rgb={st.red:.2f}/{st.green:.2f}/{st.blue:.2f} "
+            f"white={st.white:.2f} cold={st.cold_white:.2f} warm={st.warm_white:.2f}"
+        )
+    elif CMD == "on":
+        kw = {"state": True}
+        if ARGS:
+            kw["brightness"] = float(ARGS[0])
+        if len(ARGS) > 1:
+            if "," in ARGS[1]:
+                r, g, b = (float(x) for x in ARGS[1].split(","))
+                kw["rgb"] = (r, g, b)
+                kw["color_mode"] = (
+                    LightColorCapability.RGB
+                    | LightColorCapability.ON_OFF
+                    | LightColorCapability.BRIGHTNESS
+                )
+            else:
+                kw["color_temperature"] = float(ARGS[1])
+                kw["color_mode"] = (
+                    LightColorCapability.COLOR_TEMPERATURE
+                    | LightColorCapability.ON_OFF
+                    | LightColorCapability.BRIGHTNESS
+                )
+        c.light_command(light.key, **kw)
+        print("bulb on", kw)
+    elif CMD == "off":
+        c.light_command(light.key, state=False)
+        print("bulb off")
+    elif CMD == "restart":
+        btn = next(
+            (
+                e
+                for e in ents
+                if isinstance(e, ButtonInfo) and "restart" in e.name.lower()
+            ),
+            None,
+        )
+        if btn is None:
+            sys.exit("no restart button on this device")
+        c.button_command(btn.key)
+        print("bulb restart pressed")
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
+    await c.disconnect()
+
+
+asyncio.run(main())

.agents/skills/hardware-test/scripts/homeassistant_light/heldcase.py

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+"""Held-report cases for esphome#21144 with persistent API connections, so the steps land inside the 3 s fade.
+usage: heldcase.py DEV_IP KEY BULB_IP same|many [BULB_KEY]   (KEY or BULB_KEY of - means plaintext)
+  t0      press "A 50 fade 3s" on the mirror device (3 s fade to 50%)
+  t0+0.7  set the bulb directly to 90% (Home Assistant reports it to the mirror during the fade: held)
+  t0+1.4  same:  press "A 50 fade 3s" again (same target as the running fade)
+          many:  press "A many calls" (16 calls in one loop pass, the last one 100% with a 1 s fade)
+  t0+6.5  read the bulb, press Log state so the mirror prints its state
+"""
+
+import asyncio
+import sys
+import time
+
+from aioesphomeapi import APIClient, ButtonInfo, LightInfo, LightState
+
+DEV, KEY, BULB, CASE = sys.argv[1:5]
+BULB_KEY = sys.argv[5] if len(sys.argv) > 5 else "-"
+if CASE not in ("same", "many"):
+    sys.exit(f"case must be same or many, got {CASE!r}")
+T0 = time.time()
+
+
+def stamp() -> str:
+    return f"{time.time() - T0:6.3f}"
+
+
+async def main() -> None:
+    dev = APIClient(DEV, 6053, None, noise_psk=None if KEY == "-" else KEY)
+    bulb = APIClient(BULB, 6053, None, noise_psk=None if BULB_KEY == "-" else BULB_KEY)
+    await dev.connect(login=True)
+    await bulb.connect(login=True)
+    dents, _ = await dev.list_entities_services()
+    bents, _ = await bulb.list_entities_services()
+    buttons = {e.name: e for e in dents if isinstance(e, ButtonInfo)}
+    blight = next(e for e in bents if isinstance(e, LightInfo))
+    states = {}
+
+    def on_bulb(s) -> None:
+        if isinstance(s, LightState) and s.key == blight.key:
+            states["bulb"] = s
+            print(f"{stamp()} bulb state: on={s.state} bri={s.brightness:.2f}")
+
+    bulb.subscribe_states(on_bulb)
+    await asyncio.sleep(1.0)
+    print(f"{stamp()} >>> bulb to 100% (precondition)")
+    bulb.light_command(blight.key, state=True, brightness=1.0)
+    await asyncio.sleep(4.0)
+    t = time.time()
+    print(f"{stamp()} >>> t0 press A 50 fade 3s")
+    dev.button_command(buttons["A 50 fade 3s"].key)
+    await asyncio.sleep(0.7 - (time.time() - t))
+    print(f"{stamp()} >>> bulb direct to 90%")
+    bulb.light_command(blight.key, state=True, brightness=0.9)
+    await asyncio.sleep(1.4 - (time.time() - t))
+    name = "A 50 fade 3s" if CASE == "same" else "A many calls"
+    print(f"{stamp()} >>> press {name}")
+    dev.button_command(buttons[name].key)
+    await asyncio.sleep(6.5 - (time.time() - t))
+    print(f"{stamp()} >>> press Log state (the mirror's state is in the device log)")
+    dev.button_command(buttons["Log state"].key)
+    await asyncio.sleep(1.0)
+    b = states.get("bulb")
+    print(
+        f"{stamp()} RESULT bulb "
+        + (f"bri={b.brightness:.2f}" if b is not None else "no state")
+    )
+    await dev.disconnect()
+    await bulb.disconnect()
+
+
+asyncio.run(main())

.agents/skills/hardware-test/scripts/ld2450/zonedrive.py

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+"""Drive LD2450 numbers and selects over the API while printing every LD2450 state update.
+usage: zonedrive.py HOST KEY(- for plaintext) OP [OP ...]
+  OP: set:NAME=VALUE | sel:NAME=OPTION | wait:SECONDS | list
+Every state update of an entity whose name contains "LD2450" is printed with a timestamp.
+"""
+
+import asyncio
+import sys
+import time
+
+from aioesphomeapi import (
+    APIClient,
+    NumberInfo,
+    NumberState,
+    SelectInfo,
+    SelectState,
+    SensorInfo,
+    SensorState,
+)
+
+HOST, KEY = sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2]
+OPS = sys.argv[3:]
+T0 = time.time()
+
+
+def stamp() -> str:
+    return f"{time.time() - T0:7.3f}"
+
+
+async def main() -> None:
+    c = APIClient(HOST, 6053, None, noise_psk=None if KEY == "-" else KEY)
+    await c.connect(login=True)
+    ents, _ = await c.list_entities_services()
+    by_key = {e.key: e for e in ents}
+    numbers = {e.name: e for e in ents if isinstance(e, NumberInfo)}
+    selects = {e.name: e for e in ents if isinstance(e, SelectInfo)}
+    sensors = {e.name: e for e in ents if isinstance(e, SensorInfo)}
+
+    def on_state(s) -> None:
+        e = by_key.get(s.key)
+        if e is None or "LD2450" not in e.name:
+            return
+        if isinstance(s, NumberState):
+            print(
+                f"{stamp()} NUM {e.name} = {s.state:.0f}{' (missing)' if s.missing_state else ''}"
+            )
+        elif isinstance(s, SelectState):
+            print(f"{stamp()} SEL {e.name} = {s.state}")
+        elif isinstance(s, SensorState) and "Count" in e.name:
+            print(f"{stamp()} CNT {e.name} = {s.state:.0f}")
+
+    c.subscribe_states(on_state)
+    await asyncio.sleep(1.5)
+    for op in OPS:
+        if op == "list":
+            for n in sorted(numbers):
+                print("number:", n)
+            for n in sorted(selects):
+                print("select:", n, selects[n].options)
+            for n in sorted(sensors):
+                if "Count" in n:
+                    print("sensor:", n)
+            continue
+        kind, _, rest = op.partition(":")
+        if kind == "wait":
+            await asyncio.sleep(float(rest))
+            continue
+        name, _, value = rest.partition("=")
+        if kind == "set":
+            if name not in numbers:
+                sys.exit(f"no number named {name!r}; have {sorted(numbers)}")
+            print(f"{stamp()} >>> set {name} = {value}")
+            c.number_command(numbers[name].key, float(value))
+        elif kind == "sel":
+            if name not in selects:
+                sys.exit(f"no select named {name!r}; have {sorted(selects)}")
+            print(f"{stamp()} >>> select {name} = {value}")
+            c.select_command(selects[name].key, value)
+        else:
+            sys.exit(f"unknown op {op!r}")
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.3)
+    await c.disconnect()
+
+
+asyncio.run(main())

.agents/skills/hardware-test/scripts/serial_capture.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """Bounded, timestamped serial capture that always exits and closes the port.
 
-  serial_capture.py PORT SECONDS OUTFILE [--baud 115200] [--released] [--reset] [--append]
+  serial_capture.py PORT SECONDS OUTFILE [--baud 115200] [--released] [--reset] [--append] [--ms]
 
   default      open with DTR/RTS as pyserial leaves them (asserted); fine for ESP devkits and the Pico.
   --released   drive DTR and RTS low before opening: the BW15 and BK7238 CH340 kits strap the boot pin
@@ -76,14 +76,21 @@ def open_port(args: argparse.Namespace, path: str) -> serial.Serial:
     return s
 
 
-def write_line(out, tag: bytes, data: bytes) -> None:
-    stamp = time.strftime("[%H:%M:%S]").encode()
+def write_line(out, tag: bytes, data: bytes, ms: bool = False) -> None:
+    if ms:
+        now = time.time()
+        stamp = (
+            time.strftime("[%H:%M:%S", time.localtime(now))
+            + f".{int(now * 1000) % 1000:03d}]"
+        ).encode()
+    else:
+        stamp = time.strftime("[%H:%M:%S]").encode()
     out.write(stamp + tag + ANSI.sub(b"", SECRET.sub(b"<secret>", data)) + b"\n")
     out.flush()
 
 
-def note(out, text: str) -> None:
-    write_line(out, b"[capture] ", text.encode())
+def note(out, text: str, ms: bool = False) -> None:
+    write_line(out, b"[capture] ", text.encode(), ms)
 
 
 def capture(args: argparse.Namespace, out) -> int:
@@ -102,18 +109,18 @@ def capture(args: argparse.Namespace, out) -> int:
                 if serial_number is None:
                     serial_number, index = identify(path)
                 if path != args.port:
-                    note(out, f"reopened as {path}")
+                    note(out, f"reopened as {path}", args.ms)
             except PORT_ERRORS as err:
-                note(out, f"open failed: {err}")
+                note(out, f"open failed: {err}", args.ms)
                 time.sleep(1)
                 continue
         try:
             data = s.read(4096)
         except PORT_ERRORS as err:
             if buf:  # keep the cut-off line apart from the next boot's first line
-                write_line(out, b"[partial]", buf)
+                write_line(out, b"[partial]", buf, args.ms)
                 buf = b""
-            note(out, f"port lost: {err}")
+            note(out, f"port lost: {err}", args.ms)
             with contextlib.suppress(*PORT_ERRORS):
                 s.close()
             s = None
@@ -125,9 +132,9 @@ def capture(args: argparse.Namespace, out) -> int:
         buf += data
         while b"\n" in buf:
             line, buf = buf.split(b"\n", 1)
-            write_line(out, b"", line.rstrip(b"\r"))
+            write_line(out, b"", line.rstrip(b"\r"), args.ms)
     if buf:
-        write_line(out, b"[partial]", buf)
+        write_line(out, b"[partial]", buf, args.ms)
     if s is not None:
         s.close()
     return received
@@ -144,6 +151,7 @@ def main() -> int:
     ap.add_argument("--released", action="store_true")
     ap.add_argument("--reset", action="store_true")
     ap.add_argument("--append", action="store_true")
+    ap.add_argument("--ms", action="store_true", help="millisecond timestamps")
     args = ap.parse_args()
     with pathlib.Path(args.outfile).open("ab" if args.append else "wb") as out:
         received = capture(args, out)

.agents/skills/hardware-test/scripts/usb_audio/playurl.py

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+"""Play a URL on the speaker_source media player over the API (no sync task involved).
+
+usage: playurl.py HOST KEY URL [PLAYER_NAME]
+"""
+
+import asyncio
+import sys
+
+from aioesphomeapi import APIClient, MediaPlayerInfo
+
+HOST, KEY, URL = sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2], sys.argv[3]
+PLAYER = sys.argv[4] if len(sys.argv) > 4 else "Player"
+
+
+async def main() -> None:
+    c = APIClient(HOST, 6053, None, noise_psk=KEY)
+    await c.connect(login=True)
+    ents, _ = await c.list_entities_services()
+    players = {e.name: e for e in ents if isinstance(e, MediaPlayerInfo)}
+    print("media players:", sorted(players))
+    if PLAYER not in players:
+        sys.exit(f"no media player named {PLAYER!r}; have {sorted(players)}")
+    p = players[PLAYER]
+    c.media_player_command(p.key, media_url=URL)
+    print("sent play_media to", PLAYER)
+    await asyncio.sleep(1)
+    await c.disconnect()
+
+
+asyncio.run(main())

.agents/skills/hardware-test/templates/aux-2-preprod-stock-dut.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# Needs packages/aux-2-pre-prod.yaml from NabuCasa/aux-2 at commit 283f2e64 next to this file, with its local
+# external_components source pointed at github://NabuCasa/aux-2@main (see reference/recipes/usb_audio.md).
+# Nabu Casa Connect AUX-2 on the usb_audio PR tree: stock package (I2S PCM5122 output) as a control.
+packages:
+  core: !include aux-2-pre-prod.yaml
+
+esphome:
+  name: aux-2-dut
+  name_add_mac_suffix: false
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: !secret wifi_ssid
+  password: !secret wifi_password
+
+api:
+  encryption:
+    key: !secret api_key
+
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
+
+sendspin:
+  unpaired_access: true

.agents/skills/hardware-test/templates/aux-2-preprod-usb-audio-dut.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# Needs packages/aux-2-pre-prod.yaml from NabuCasa/aux-2 at commit 283f2e64 next to this file, with its local
+# external_components source pointed at github://NabuCasa/aux-2@main (see reference/recipes/usb_audio.md).
+# Nabu Casa Connect AUX-2 on the usb_audio PR tree: the Anker S330 on the USB host port as the mixer output.
+packages:
+  core: !include aux-2-pre-prod.yaml
+
+esphome:
+  name: aux-2-usb-dut
+  name_add_mac_suffix: false
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: !secret wifi_ssid
+  password: !secret wifi_password
+
+api:
+  encryption:
+    key: !secret api_key
+
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
+  baud_rate: 0
+
+sendspin:
+  unpaired_access: true
+
+usb_audio:
+  id: usb_audio_id
+
+speaker:
+  - platform: usb_audio
+    id: usb_speaker
+    usb_audio_id: usb_audio_id
+    sample_rate: 48000
+    bits_per_sample: 24bit
+    num_channels: 2
+    buffer_size: 28800
+    write_timeout: 50ms
+  - id: !extend mixing_speaker
+    output_speaker: usb_speaker

.agents/skills/hardware-test/templates/cast-pro-1-sendspin-control.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# CAST PRO-1 control for the sendspin sync comparison: Apollo's current package, DEBUG logging as on the S3.
+esphome:
+  name: "cast-pro-1-dut"
+  friendly_name: CAST PRO-1 test
+  project:
+    name: "ApolloAutomation.CAST_PRO-1"
+    version: ${version}
+
+packages:
+  core: !include Core.yaml
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: !secret wifi_ssid
+  password: !secret wifi_password
+  enable_on_boot: false
+
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
+
+api:
+  encryption:
+    key: !secret api_key
+
+sendspin:
+  manufacturer: Apollo
+  model: CAST PRO-1 control
+  unpaired_access: true

.agents/skills/hardware-test/templates/deep-sleep-outgoing-dut.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# Deep sleep wake timing for the outgoing API connection: boot -> dial -> client hello -> first HA state.
+esphome:
+  name: deep-sleep-dut
+  on_boot:
+    priority: -100
+    then:
+      - lambda: ESP_LOGI("timing", "setup done at %u ms", (unsigned) millis());
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: !secret wifi_ssid
+  password: !secret wifi_password
+  fast_connect: true
+  on_connect:
+    - lambda: ESP_LOGI("timing", "wifi connected at %u ms", (unsigned) millis());
+
+api:
+  encryption:
+    key: !secret api_key
+  outgoing_connection:
+  on_client_connected:
+    - lambda: ESP_LOGI("timing", "client connected at %u ms (%s %s)", (unsigned) millis(), client_info.c_str(), client_address.c_str());
+  on_client_disconnected:
+    - lambda: ESP_LOGI("timing", "client disconnected at %u ms", (unsigned) millis());
+
+ota:
+  - platform: esphome
+
+text_sensor:
+  - platform: homeassistant
+    id: ha_state
+    entity_id: light.ENTITY
+    on_value:
+      - lambda: ESP_LOGI("timing", "first HA state '%s' at %u ms", x.c_str(), (unsigned) millis());
+
+deep_sleep:
+  id: ds
+  run_duration: 15s
+  sleep_duration: 15s

.agents/skills/hardware-test/templates/dfrobot-sen0395-dut.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+# DFRobot SEN0395 on an ESP32 DevKit V1: V to VIN (5 V), G to GND, sensor TX to GPIO16 (RX2), sensor RX to GPIO17 (TX2),
+# IO2 to GPIO18, I1 unconnected. Settings buttons, the four switches and junk-line buttons whose echo and
+# "is not recognized" reply come back as lines of known length (220 and 240 bytes give replies over 252 chars).
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+  logs:
+    api: DEBUG
+    api.connection: DEBUG
+    api.service: DEBUG
+    wifi: DEBUG
+    mdns: DEBUG
+    scheduler: DEBUG
+    component: DEBUG
+    esp32: DEBUG
+    uart: DEBUG
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: !secret wifi_ssid
+  password: !secret wifi_password
+
+api:
+  encryption:
+    key: !secret api_key
+  reboot_timeout: 0s
+
+ota:
+  - platform: esphome
+
+uart:
+  id: mmwave_uart
+  tx_pin: GPIO17
+  rx_pin: GPIO16
+  baud_rate: 115200
+
+dfrobot_sen0395:
+  id: mmwave
+  uart_id: mmwave_uart
+
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: dfrobot_sen0395
+    dfrobot_sen0395_id: mmwave
+    name: Detected via UART
+    id: uart_detected
+  - platform: gpio
+    name: Detected via GPIO
+    device_class: motion
+    pin:
+      number: GPIO18
+      mode: INPUT_PULLDOWN
+
+switch:
+  - platform: dfrobot_sen0395
+    dfrobot_sen0395_id: mmwave
+    type: sensor_active
+    name: Sensor active
+  - platform: dfrobot_sen0395
+    dfrobot_sen0395_id: mmwave
+    type: presence_via_uart
+    name: Presence via UART
+  - platform: dfrobot_sen0395
+    dfrobot_sen0395_id: mmwave
+    type: turn_on_led
+    name: LED
+  - platform: dfrobot_sen0395
+    dfrobot_sen0395_id: mmwave
+    type: start_after_boot
+    name: Start after boot
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: Range 0 to 3m
+    on_press:
+      - dfrobot_sen0395.settings:
+          id: mmwave
+          detection_segments:
+            - [0cm, 3m]
+  - platform: template
+    name: Range 0 to 9m
+    on_press:
+      - dfrobot_sen0395.settings:
+          id: mmwave
+          detection_segments:
+            - [0cm, 9m]
+  - platform: template
+    name: Latency 1s 2s
+    on_press:
+      - dfrobot_sen0395.settings:
+          id: mmwave
+          output_latency:
+            delay_after_detect: 1s
+            delay_after_disappear: 2s
+  - platform: template
+    name: Latency 0 0
+    on_press:
+      - dfrobot_sen0395.settings:
+          id: mmwave
+          output_latency:
+            delay_after_detect: 0s
+            delay_after_disappear: 0s
+  - platform: template
+    name: Sensitivity 7
+    on_press:
+      - dfrobot_sen0395.settings:
+          id: mmwave
+          sensitivity: 7
+  - platform: template
+    name: Factory reset
+    on_press:
+      - dfrobot_sen0395.settings:
+          id: mmwave
+          factory_reset: true
+  - platform: template
+    name: Reset
+    on_press:
+      - dfrobot_sen0395.reset:
+          id: mmwave
+  - platform: template
+    name: Junk 100
+    on_press:
+      - uart.write:
+          id: mmwave_uart
+          data: !lambda |-
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v(100, 'x');
+            v.push_back('\r');
+            v.push_back('\n');
+            return v;
+  - platform: template
+    name: Junk 160
+    on_press:
+      - uart.write:
+          id: mmwave_uart
+          data: !lambda |-
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v(160, 'x');
+            v.push_back('\r');
+            v.push_back('\n');
+            return v;
+  - platform: template
+    name: Junk 200
+    on_press:
+      - uart.write:
+          id: mmwave_uart
+          data: !lambda |-
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v(200, 'x');
+            v.push_back('\r');
+            v.push_back('\n');
+            return v;
+  - platform: template
+    name: Junk 220
+    on_press:
+      - uart.write:
+          id: mmwave_uart
+          data: !lambda |-
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v(220, 'x');
+            v.push_back('\r');
+            v.push_back('\n');
+            return v;
+  - platform: template
+    name: Junk 240
+    on_press:
+      - uart.write:
+          id: mmwave_uart
+          data: !lambda |-
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v(240, 'x');
+            v.push_back('\r');
+            v.push_back('\n');
+            return v;
+  - platform: template
+    name: Junk 256
+    on_press:
+      - uart.write:
+          id: mmwave_uart
+          data: !lambda |-
+            std::vector<uint8_t> v(256, 'x');
+            v.push_back('\r');
+            v.push_back('\n');
+            return v;
+
+interval:
+  - interval: 30s
+    then:
+      - lambda: 'ESP_LOGI("sen", "alive uart_detected=%d heap=%u", id(uart_detected).state, (unsigned) esp_get_free_heap_size());'

.agents/skills/hardware-test/templates/globals-storage-dut.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+# Restoring globals with every storage choice; each boot bumps the counters, logs them with the reset reason, saves
+# and syncs; odd boots soft restart, even boots deep sleep (ESP32) or idle (D1 mini). The host's reset pulse and a
+# power cut give the other reset kinds.
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
+
+preferences:
+  flash_write_interval: 1s
+
+globals:
+  - id: cnt_rtc
+    type: int
+    restore_value: true
+    storage: rtc
+    initial_value: "0"
+  - id: cnt_flash
+    type: int
+    restore_value: true
+    storage: flash
+    initial_value: "0"
+  - id: cnt_default
+    type: int
+    restore_value: true
+    initial_value: "0"
+  - id: str_rtc
+    type: std::string
+    restore_value: true
+    storage: rtc
+    max_restore_data_length: 24
+    initial_value: '"fresh"'
+  - id: arr_rtc
+    type: uint8_t[2]
+    restore_value: true
+    storage: rtc
+    initial_value: "{0, 0}"
+
+esphome:
+  on_boot:
+    priority: -100
+    then:
+      - lambda: |-
+          id(cnt_rtc) += 1;
+          id(cnt_flash) += 1;
+          id(cnt_default) += 1;
+          id(arr_rtc)[0] += 1;
+          id(arr_rtc)[1] += 2;
+          char buf[24];
+          snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "boot%d", id(cnt_rtc));
+          ESP_LOGI("gl", "restored rtc=%d flash=%d default=%d str='%s' arr=%u/%u (values before this boot's bump: one less)",
+                   id(cnt_rtc) - 1, id(cnt_flash) - 1, id(cnt_default) - 1, id(str_rtc).c_str(), id(arr_rtc)[0] - 1, id(arr_rtc)[1] - 2);
+          id(str_rtc) = buf;
+      - delay: 2s
+      - lambda: |-
+          global_preferences->sync();
+          ESP_LOGI("gl", "saved rtc=%d flash=%d default=%d str='%s' arr=%u/%u", id(cnt_rtc), id(cnt_flash), id(cnt_default),
+                   id(str_rtc).c_str(), id(arr_rtc)[0], id(arr_rtc)[1]);
+      - if:
+          condition:
+            lambda: 'return id(cnt_rtc) % 2 == 1;'
+          then:
+            - delay: 3s
+            - lambda: 'ESP_LOGI("gl", "odd boot, soft restart now"); App.safe_reboot();'
+
+button:
+  - platform: restart
+    name: Restart

.agents/skills/hardware-test/templates/homeassistant-light-dut.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+# shared part: two Home Assistant lights mirrored on the device plus buttons that drive them
+esphome:
+  # A local change made before the light core's first write (b19a776 sends it instead of merging it).
+  on_boot:
+    priority: -100
+    then:
+      - lambda: 'ESP_LOGI("halight", "on_boot turning B on at 35 percent before the first write");'
+      - light.turn_on:
+          id: bulb_b
+          brightness: 35%
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+  logs:
+    api: DEBUG
+    api.connection: DEBUG
+    api.service: DEBUG
+    wifi: DEBUG
+    scheduler: DEBUG
+    component: DEBUG
+    sensor: DEBUG
+    mdns: DEBUG
+    ota: DEBUG
+    socket: DEBUG
+    esp-idf: DEBUG
+    preferences: DEBUG
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: !secret wifi_ssid
+  password: !secret wifi_password
+
+api:
+  encryption:
+    key: !secret api_key
+  reboot_timeout: 0s
+
+ota:
+  - platform: esphome
+
+light:
+  - platform: homeassistant
+    id: bulb_a
+    name: Mirror A
+    entity_id: light.ENTITY_A
+    report_timeout: 5s
+    on_turn_on:
+      - logger.log: "bulb_a on_turn_on"
+    on_turn_off:
+      - logger.log: "bulb_a on_turn_off"
+  - platform: homeassistant
+    id: bulb_b
+    name: Mirror B
+    entity_id: light.ENTITY_B
+    report_timeout: 5s
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: A warm 40
+    id: a_warm_40
+    on_press:
+      - light.turn_on:
+          id: bulb_a
+          brightness: 40%
+          color_temperature: 370 mireds
+  - platform: template
+    name: A cool 100
+    on_press:
+      - light.turn_on:
+          id: bulb_a
+          brightness: 100%
+          color_temperature: 153 mireds
+  - platform: template
+    name: A red
+    on_press:
+      - light.turn_on:
+          id: bulb_a
+          brightness: 80%
+          red: 100%
+          green: 0%
+          blue: 0%
+  - platform: template
+    name: A green dim
+    on_press:
+      - light.turn_on:
+          id: bulb_a
+          brightness: 20%
+          red: 0%
+          green: 100%
+          blue: 0%
+  - platform: template
+    name: A brightness only 60
+    on_press:
+      - light.turn_on:
+          id: bulb_a
+          brightness: 60%
+  - platform: template
+    name: A transition 100
+    on_press:
+      - light.turn_on:
+          id: bulb_a
+          brightness: 100%
+          transition_length: 3s
+  - platform: template
+    name: A flash
+    on_press:
+      - light.turn_on:
+          id: bulb_a
+          flash_length: 1s
+  - platform: template
+    name: A off
+    on_press:
+      - light.turn_off: bulb_a
+  - platform: template
+    name: A toggle
+    on_press:
+      - light.toggle: bulb_a
+  - platform: template
+    name: B warm 50
+    on_press:
+      - light.turn_on:
+          id: bulb_b
+          brightness: 50%
+          color_temperature: 300 mireds
+  - platform: template
+    name: B off
+    on_press:
+      - light.turn_off: bulb_b
+  - platform: template
+    name: A 50 fade 3s
+    on_press:
+      - light.turn_on:
+          id: bulb_a
+          brightness: 50%
+          transition_length: 3s
+  - platform: template
+    name: A many calls
+    on_press:
+      - lambda: |-
+          for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+            id(bulb_a).make_call().set_brightness(i == 15 ? 1.0f : 0.6f).set_transition_length(1000).perform();
+          }
+  - platform: template
+    name: Log state
+    on_press:
+      - lambda: |-
+          auto v = id(bulb_a).current_values;
+          ESP_LOGI("halight", "A: on=%d mode=%d bri=%.2f ct=%.1f rgb=%.2f/%.2f/%.2f  B: on=%d bri=%.2f",
+                   v.is_on(), (int) v.get_color_mode(), v.get_brightness(), v.get_color_temperature(),
+                   v.get_red(), v.get_green(), v.get_blue(), id(bulb_b).current_values.is_on(),
+                   id(bulb_b).current_values.get_brightness());
+
+interval:
+  - interval: 30s
+    then:
+      - lambda: |-
+          auto v = id(bulb_a).current_values;
+          ESP_LOGI("halight", "alive A: on=%d mode=%d bri=%.2f ct=%.1f rgb=%.2f/%.2f/%.2f  B: on=%d bri=%.2f",
+                   v.is_on(), (int) v.get_color_mode(), v.get_brightness(), v.get_color_temperature(),
+                   v.get_red(), v.get_green(), v.get_blue(), id(bulb_b).current_values.is_on(),
+                   id(bulb_b).current_values.get_brightness());

.agents/skills/hardware-test/templates/outgoing-wifi-drop-dut.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# Mains build (no deep sleep): outgoing API connection timing after a Wi-Fi drop, and the loop cost while a
+# connect is pending or the network is down.
+esphome:
+  name: wifi-drop-dut
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: !secret wifi_ssid
+  password: !secret wifi_password
+  fast_connect: true
+  on_connect:
+    - lambda: ESP_LOGI("timing", "wifi connected at %u ms", (unsigned) millis());
+  on_disconnect:
+    - lambda: ESP_LOGI("timing", "wifi disconnected at %u ms", (unsigned) millis());
+
+api:
+  encryption:
+    key: !secret api_key
+  reboot_timeout: 0s
+  outgoing_connection:
+    delay: 2s
+  on_client_connected:
+    - lambda: ESP_LOGI("timing", "client connected at %u ms (%s %s)", (unsigned) millis(), client_info.c_str(), client_address.c_str());
+  on_client_disconnected:
+    - lambda: ESP_LOGI("timing", "client disconnected at %u ms (%s)", (unsigned) millis(), client_info.c_str());
+
+ota:
+  - platform: esphome
+
+debug:
+  update_interval: 5s
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: debug
+    loop_time:
+      name: Loop Time
+      on_value:
+        - lambda: ESP_LOGI("timing", "loop time max %.0f ms over the last 5 s at %u ms", x, (unsigned) millis());
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: Wifi cycle
+    on_press:
+      - lambda: ESP_LOGI("timing", "wifi cycle disabling at %u ms", (unsigned) millis());
+      - wifi.disable:
+      - delay: 4s
+      - lambda: ESP_LOGI("timing", "wifi cycle enabling at %u ms", (unsigned) millis());
+      - wifi.enable:

.agents/skills/hardware-test/templates/usb-audio-sendspin-s3-eth-dut.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# Music Assistant target: the plain USB audio template plus the CAST-1 style sendspin wiring (resampler speakers
+# into a mixer whose inputs never time out, speaker_source media player, sendspin hub and sources).
+packages:
+  base: !include usb-audio-waveshare-s3-eth-dut.yaml
+
+# Logs over the API only: a DEBUG line per report would saturate UART0 and trip the task watchdog.
+logger:
+  baud_rate: 0
+
+speaker:
+  - id: !extend usb_speaker
+    buffer_size: 28800
+    write_timeout: 50ms
+  - platform: mixer
+    id: mixer_speaker_id
+    output_speaker: usb_speaker
+    num_channels: 2
+    task_stack_in_psram: true
+    source_speakers:
+      - id: announcement_mixer_input
+        timeout: never
+      - id: media_mixer_input
+        timeout: never
+  - platform: resampler
+    id: announcement_resampling_speaker
+    output_speaker: announcement_mixer_input
+    sample_rate: 48000
+    bits_per_sample: 16
+  - platform: resampler
+    id: media_resampling_speaker
+    output_speaker: media_mixer_input
+    sample_rate: 48000
+    bits_per_sample: 16
+
+sendspin:
+  id: sendspin_hub
+  # PSRAM stack skews time sync; keep internal
+  task_stack_in_psram: false
+  manufacturer: Waveshare
+  model: ESP32-S3-ETH USB audio
+  firmware_version: "0.1"
+  unpaired_access: true
+
+media_source:
+  - platform: sendspin
+    id: sendspin_source
+  - platform: audio_http
+    id: http_media_source
+    buffer_size: 500000
+  - platform: audio_http
+    id: http_announcement_source
+    buffer_size: 250000
+
+media_player:
+  - platform: sendspin
+    id: sendspin_group_media_player
+    name: Sendspin Player
+  - platform: speaker_source
+    id: external_media_player
+    name: Player
+    volume_increment: 0.05
+    announcement_pipeline:
+      format: FLAC
+      num_channels: 1
+      sample_rate: 48000
+      speaker: announcement_resampling_speaker
+      sources:
+        - http_announcement_source
+    media_pipeline:
+      speaker: media_resampling_speaker
+      format: FLAC
+      num_channels: 2
+      sample_rate: 48000
+      sources:
+        - sendspin_source
+        - http_media_source

.agents/skills/hardware-test/templates/usb-audio-waveshare-s3-eth-dut.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+# Waveshare ESP32-S3-ETH: USB host for a speakerphone (usb_audio), logs over Ethernet, the USB port is the host port
+esphome:
+  name: usb-audio-dut
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32-s3-devkitc-1
+  variant: esp32s3
+  flash_size: 16MB
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+psram:
+  mode: octal
+  speed: 80MHz
+
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
+  hardware_uart: UART0
+  logs:
+    usb_host: DEBUG
+
+ethernet:
+  type: W5500
+  clk_pin: GPIO13
+  mosi_pin: GPIO11
+  miso_pin: GPIO12
+  cs_pin: GPIO14
+  interrupt_pin: GPIO10
+  reset_pin: GPIO9
+
+api:
+  encryption:
+    key: !secret api_key
+  reboot_timeout: 0s
+
+ota:
+  - platform: esphome
+
+usb_audio:
+  id: usb_audio_id
+
+microphone:
+  - platform: usb_audio
+    id: usb_mic
+    usb_audio_id: usb_audio_id
+    sample_rate: 48000
+    bits_per_sample: 16bit
+    num_channels: 2
+    buffer_size: 9600
+    on_data:
+      - lambda: |-
+          id(mic_bytes) += x.size();
+          id(mic_chunks) += 1;
+
+speaker:
+  - platform: usb_audio
+    id: usb_speaker
+    usb_audio_id: usb_audio_id
+    sample_rate: 48000
+    bits_per_sample: 24bit
+    num_channels: 2
+    buffer_size: 9600
+    write_timeout: 20ms
+
+globals:
+  - id: beep_left
+    type: int
+    initial_value: "0"
+  - id: beep_written
+    type: uint32_t
+    initial_value: "0"
+  - id: beep_short
+    type: uint32_t
+    initial_value: "0"
+  - id: beep_phase
+    type: float
+    initial_value: "0"
+  - id: mic_bytes
+    type: uint32_t
+    initial_value: "0"
+  - id: mic_chunks
+    type: uint32_t
+    initial_value: "0"
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: Mic start
+    on_press:
+      - microphone.capture: usb_mic
+  - platform: template
+    name: Mic stop
+    on_press:
+      - microphone.stop_capture: usb_mic
+  - platform: template
+    name: Beep
+    on_press:
+      - lambda: |-
+          // 2 s of a 1 kHz tone at 48 kHz 24-bit stereo, fed 10 ms at a time from the interval below
+          id(beep_left) = 200;
+          id(beep_written) = 0;
+          id(beep_short) = 0;
+          id(beep_phase) = 0.0f;
+          id(usb_speaker).start();
+          ESP_LOGI("uatest", "beep started");
+  - platform: template
+    name: Speaker stop
+    on_press:
+      - speaker.stop: usb_speaker
+  - platform: template
+    name: Restart
+    on_press:
+      - lambda: App.safe_reboot();
+
+interval:
+  - interval: 8ms
+    then:
+      - lambda: |-
+          if (id(beep_left) <= 0) return;
+          // 10 ms of 48 kHz stereo 24-bit samples, 3 bytes little-endian per sample
+          static uint8_t buf[480 * 2 * 3];
+          float phase = id(beep_phase);
+          for (int i = 0; i < 480; i++) {
+            int32_t s = (int32_t) (1500000.0f * sinf(phase));
+            phase += 2.0f * 3.14159265f * 1000.0f / 48000.0f;
+            if (phase > 6.2831853f) phase -= 6.2831853f;
+            for (int c = 0; c < 2; c++) {
+              uint8_t *o = buf + (i * 2 + c) * 3;
+              o[0] = s & 0xFF; o[1] = (s >> 8) & 0xFF; o[2] = (s >> 16) & 0xFF;
+            }
+          }
+          size_t n = id(usb_speaker).play(buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
+          if (n == 0) { id(beep_short) += 1; return; }  // not accepted yet, try the same chunk next time
+          id(beep_phase) = phase;
+          id(beep_written) += n;
+          id(beep_left) -= 1;
+          if (id(beep_left) == 0) ESP_LOGI("uatest", "beep done: %u bytes queued, %u retries", (unsigned) id(beep_written), (unsigned) id(beep_short));
+  - interval: 5s
+    then:
+      - lambda: |-
+          ESP_LOGI("uatest", "mic capturing=%d bytes=%u chunks=%u | speaker running=%d | heap free %u",
+                   id(usb_mic).is_running(), (unsigned) id(mic_bytes), (unsigned) id(mic_chunks),
+                   id(usb_speaker).is_running(), (unsigned) heap_caps_get_free_size(MALLOC_CAP_INTERNAL));

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -313,6 +313,7 @@ jobs:
           - "3.12"
           - "3.13"
           - "3.14"
+          - "3.15"
         os:
           - ubuntu-latest
           - macOS-latest
@@ -629,7 +630,7 @@ jobs:
             apt-get install -y libc6-dbg
 
       - name: Run CodSpeed benchmarks
-        uses: CodSpeedHQ/action@f842b9a3ffe213dbb81768fd7f7eeb4dfcf1c369 # v5.4.2
+        uses: CodSpeedHQ/action@821a40cd6c80e3cfe387caf55668287addd808da # v5.5.0
         with:
           run: |
             . venv/bin/activate

.github/workflows/codeql.yml

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ jobs:
 
       # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
       - name: Initialize CodeQL
-        uses: github/codeql-action/init@24c54180a607b1449ed407dd24f251e4e9147c8d # v4.38.3
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@6f2ac81f5cd81fe351a197ba0b00d91d03cd2aee # v4.39.0
         with:
           languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
           build-mode: ${{ matrix.build-mode }}
@@ -84,6 +84,6 @@ jobs:
           exit 1
 
       - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@24c54180a607b1449ed407dd24f251e4e9147c8d # v4.38.3
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@6f2ac81f5cd81fe351a197ba0b00d91d03cd2aee # v4.39.0
         with:
           category: "/language:${{matrix.language}}"

.github/workflows/lock.yml

@@ -14,4 +14,4 @@ jobs:
     permissions:
       issues: write         # issues.lock on closed issues
       pull-requests: write  # issues.lock on closed pull requests
-    uses: esphome/workflows/.github/workflows/lock.yml@cc3e76de337dc59bc1cba8da58d963cd23b873f1  # 2026.9.0
+    uses: esphome/workflows/.github/workflows/lock.yml@31d160e5f0ffa0ee65d5b27cb55c153d415f2abe  # 2026.10.2

.github/workflows/stale.yml

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ jobs:
     # No GITHUB_TOKEN permissions: the reusable workflow mints an ESPHome
     # GitHub App token so the labels, comments and closures come from
     # esphome[bot] instead of github-actions[bot].
-    uses: esphome/workflows/.github/workflows/stale.yml@4fbce13026c393d6eb6b247e394dcd9ef1af76c2  # main
+    uses: esphome/workflows/.github/workflows/stale.yml@31d160e5f0ffa0ee65d5b27cb55c153d415f2abe  # main
     secrets:
       ESPHOME_GITHUB_APP_PRIVATE_KEY: ${{ secrets.ESPHOME_GITHUB_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}
     with:

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ ci:
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
     # Ruff version.
-    rev: v0.17.0
+    rev: v0.17.1
     hooks:
       # Run the linter.
       - id: ruff

AGENTS.md

@@ -80,13 +80,15 @@ file does, and it is the authority when they disagree. The most useful starting
         ```python
         # Bad - looks up CONF_BLAH twice
         if CONF_BLAH in config:
-            cg.add(var.set_blah(config[CONF_BLAH]))
+            cg.add(var.set_blah_ms(config[CONF_BLAH].total_milliseconds))
 
         # Good - single lookup, value bound inline
         if (blah := config.get(CONF_BLAH)) is not None:
-            cg.add(var.set_blah(blah))
+            cg.add(var.set_blah_ms(blah.total_milliseconds))
         ```
         The same applies to `while` loops and comprehensions where it avoids recomputing a value. Don't contort code to use it — reach for `:=` only when it genuinely cuts repetition or an extra assignment line.
+        When the setter takes the value unchanged, use `cg.add_optional(var.set_blah, config.get(CONF_BLAH))`
+        instead; it is not awaited, and it skips only `None`, so `0` and `False` are still set.
 
 *   **C++ Field Visibility:**
     *   **Prefer `protected`:** Use `protected` for most class fields to enable extensibility and testing. Fields should be `lower_snake_case_with_trailing_underscore_`.
@@ -208,8 +210,14 @@ file does, and it is the authority when they disagree. The most useful starting
     *   **Fixed sets of names** (status words, model names): a `PROGMEM_STRING_TABLE` (`esphome/core/progmem.h`),
         logged with `get_log_str` and `LOG_STR_ARG`, copied out with `ESPHOME_strncpy_P` before `publish_state`.
         A `dump_config` helper that picks a name returns `const LogString *` from `LOG_STR(...)`.
-    *   **CRCs and bit tricks** come from `esphome/core/helpers.h` (`crc8`, `crc16`, `reverse_bits`, `encode_uint16`);
-        pick the helper's polynomial and bit-order arguments instead of writing a CRC loop.
+    *   **CRCs and bit tricks** come from `esphome/core/helpers.h` (`crc8`, `crc16`, `xor_bytes`, `sum16_bytes`,
+        `reverse_bits`, `encode_uint16`, `encode_value_le`, `sign_extend<BITS>`, `bcd_to_uint8`); pick the helper's
+        arguments instead of writing a loop. Epson style 7-byte RTC calendars (one-hot weekday) use
+        `time::decode_bcd_calendar`.
+    *   **Bus helpers:** UART drains with `read_available(on_byte)` and `discard_available()`, text lines with
+        `LineReader<N>`; I2C has `update_register`, `write_registers` (PROGMEM `I2CRegValue` table), `check_chip_id`
+        and `read_bytes_16_le`. `if (!this->status_comm_result(ok)) return;` sets or clears the warning.
+        A child sensor that skips repeated values is `SUB_SENSOR_WITH_DEDUP(name, type)`.
     *   **An unset float is `NAN`**, not `optional<float>`; the optional costs 4 to 8 bytes of padding per member.
     *   **`PollingComponent` first runs `update()`** after a random share of the interval; call `this->update()` at the
         end of `setup()` when the entities need a state at boot.
@@ -429,6 +437,22 @@ file does, and it is the authority when they disagree. The most useful starting
           and `await cg.add_variable(var.set_bus, config[CONF_BUS_ID])`; both skip a `None` value, so pass
           `config.get(KEY)` for an optional key, and return what they created. Use `cg.register_parented` for `set_parent`.
 
+        - **Hub forwarding entities need no C++ class:** a button, switch, number or select that only calls its hub
+          uses `button.ApplyButton` (`switch.ApplySwitch`, `number.ApplyNumber`, `select.ApplySelect`) in its schema
+          and `apply=` on the `sub_*` call. The body is a call on the hub with `entity` and `state`, `value` or
+          `index`/`option` in scope; on a switch, number or select `publish="before"` or `"after"` publishes the state.
+          ```python
+          switches = switch.sub_switches(config, parent=hub)
+          await switches(CONF_BLUETOOTH, None, apply="set_bluetooth(state)", publish="after")
+          ```
+
+        - **Other codegen helpers:** `uart.new_uart_component(config, *ctor_args)` (and `i2c.new_i2c_component`,
+          `spi.new_spi_component`, `modbus.new_modbus_client_component`, `ble_client.new_ble_node_component`)
+          constructs, registers and attaches in one call; `display.add_writer(var, config)` sets the lambda;
+          `MyEnum.options("on", prefix="MY_ENUM_")` builds an enum dict; `button.restart_button_schema(cls)` (and
+          `factory_reset_`, `query_`) are button presets; `fv.get_declaring_config(id)` finds a hub's config in
+          final validation.
+
 *   **Automations (Triggers, Actions, Conditions):**
 
     Automations have three building blocks: **Triggers** (fire when something happens), **Actions** (do something), and **Conditions** (check if something is true).

CODEOWNERS

@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ esphome/components/climate/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/climate_ir/* @glmnet
 esphome/components/cm1106/* @andrewjswan
 esphome/components/color_temperature/* @jesserockz
-esphome/components/combination/* @Cat-Ion @kahrendt
+esphome/components/combination/* @kahrendt
 esphome/components/const/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/coolix/* @glmnet
 esphome/components/copy/* @OttoWinter
@@ -601,7 +601,10 @@ esphome/components/ssd1331_base/* @kbx81
 esphome/components/ssd1331_spi/* @kbx81
 esphome/components/ssd1351_base/* @kbx81
 esphome/components/ssd1351_spi/* @kbx81
+esphome/components/st25r/* @JohnMcLear
+esphome/components/st25r_spi/* @JohnMcLear
 esphome/components/st7123/* @miniskipper
+esphome/components/st7305/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/st7567_base/* @latonita
 esphome/components/st7567_i2c/* @latonita
 esphome/components/st7567_spi/* @latonita
@@ -684,6 +687,7 @@ esphome/components/ultrasonic/* @ssieb @swoboda1337
 esphome/components/unicode/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/update/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/* @kroimon
+esphome/components/usb_audio/* @ab-tools
 esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/* @kbx81
 esphome/components/usb_host/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/usb_uart/* @clydebarrow

docker/Dockerfile

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ RUN \
     -r /requirements.txt
 
 # Install the ESPHome Device Builder dashboard.
-RUN uv pip install --no-cache-dir esphome-device-builder==1.24.0
+RUN uv pip install --no-cache-dir esphome-device-builder==1.25.0
 
 RUN \
     platformio settings set enable_telemetry No \

esphome/__main__.py

@@ -791,6 +791,7 @@ def write_cpp(config: ConfigType) -> int:
 
     if not get_bool_env(ENV_NOGITIGNORE):
         writer.write_gitignore()
+    writer.check_build_tree_not_tracked()
 
     generate_cpp_contents(config)
     return write_cpp_file()

esphome/automation.py

@@ -430,12 +430,20 @@ def _apply_function(
 ) -> MockObj:
     """Emit the generated function and declare ``id_`` as the ``ApplyAction`` or
     ``ApplyCondition`` templated on it, so ``play()`` calls it directly."""
-    fn = cg.static_function(
-        f"esphome__{id_.id}__fn", return_type, lambda_args, statements
-    )
+    fn = apply_static_function(id_, return_type, lambda_args, statements)
     return cg.new_Pvariable(id_, cg.TemplateArguments(fn, *template_arg))
 
 
+def apply_static_function(
+    id_: ID,
+    return_type: SafeExpType,
+    params: TemplateArgsType,
+    statements: list[str],
+) -> MockObj:
+    """Emit the static function generated for ``id_`` and return an expression naming it."""
+    return cg.static_function(f"esphome__{id_.id}__fn", return_type, params, statements)
+
+
 async def _render_values(
     name: str,
     target: str,

esphome/codegen.py

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ from esphome.cpp_generator import (  # noqa: F401
     with_local_variable,
 )
 from esphome.cpp_helpers import (  # noqa: F401
+    add_optional,
     add_pin,
     add_variable,
     build_registry_entry,

esphome/components/airton/airton.cpp

@@ -136,13 +136,7 @@ void AirtonClimate::transmit_state() {
   data->set_carrier_frequency(AIRTON_IR_FREQUENCY);
   data->mark(AIRTON_HEADER_MARK);
   data->space(AIRTON_HEADER_SPACE);
-  for (uint8_t payload_byte : remote_state) {
-    for (uint8_t payload_bit_cursor = 0; payload_bit_cursor < 8; payload_bit_cursor++) {
-      data->mark(AIRTON_BIT_MARK);
-      bool bit = payload_byte & (1 << payload_bit_cursor);
-      data->space(bit ? AIRTON_ONE_SPACE : AIRTON_ZERO_SPACE);
-    }
-  }
+  data->item_bytes<AIRTON_BIT_TIMINGS>(remote_state, AIRTON_STATE_FRAME_SIZE);
 
   data->mark(AIRTON_BIT_MARK);
   data->space(AIRTON_MESSAGE_SPACE);
@@ -284,20 +278,14 @@ void AirtonClimate::parse_state_frame_(const uint8_t *frame) {
 }
 
 bool AirtonClimate::on_receive(remote_base::RemoteReceiveData data) {
-  uint8_t remote_state[AIRTON_STATE_FRAME_SIZE] = {};
+  uint8_t remote_state[AIRTON_STATE_FRAME_SIZE];
   if (!data.expect_item(AIRTON_HEADER_MARK, AIRTON_HEADER_SPACE)) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Wrong header encoding detected!");
     return false;
   }
-  for (int i = 0; i < AIRTON_STATE_FRAME_SIZE; i++) {
-    for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
-      if (data.expect_item(AIRTON_BIT_MARK, AIRTON_ONE_SPACE)) {
-        remote_state[i] |= 1 << j;
-      } else if (!data.expect_item(AIRTON_BIT_MARK, AIRTON_ZERO_SPACE)) {
-        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Wrong modulation encoding for: Byte %d, bit %d", i, j);
-        return false;
-      }
-    }
+  if (!data.expect_bytes<AIRTON_BIT_TIMINGS>(remote_state, AIRTON_STATE_FRAME_SIZE)) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Wrong modulation encoding");
+    return false;
   }
 
   if (remote_state[0] != AIRTON_HEADER_BYTE0 || remote_state[1] != AIRTON_HEADER_BYTE1) {

esphome/components/airton/airton.h

@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ static constexpr uint32_t AIRTON_IR_FREQUENCY = 38000;
 static constexpr uint32_t AIRTON_HEADER_MARK = 6630;
 static constexpr uint32_t AIRTON_HEADER_SPACE = 3350;
 static constexpr uint32_t AIRTON_BIT_MARK = 400;
-static constexpr uint32_t AIRTON_ONE_SPACE = 1260;
-static constexpr uint32_t AIRTON_ZERO_SPACE = 430;
+static constexpr remote_base::BitTimings AIRTON_BIT_TIMINGS{
+    .bit_mark = AIRTON_BIT_MARK, .one_space = 1260, .zero_space = 430};
 static constexpr uint32_t AIRTON_MESSAGE_SPACE = 100000;
 
 static constexpr uint8_t AIRTON_STATE_FRAME_SIZE = 7;

esphome/components/airton/switch/__init__.py

@@ -8,19 +8,18 @@ from ..climate import CONF_AIRTON_ID, CONF_SLEEP_MODE, AirtonClimate, airton_ns
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Procsiab"]
 
-AirtonSwitch = airton_ns.class_("AirtonSwitch", switch.Switch)
 AirtonSetting = airton_ns.enum("AirtonSetting", is_class=True)
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
         cv.GenerateID(CONF_AIRTON_ID): cv.use_id(AirtonClimate),
         cv.Optional(CONF_DISPLAY): switch.switch_schema(
-            AirtonSwitch,
+            switch.ApplySwitch,
             entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
             default_restore_mode="DISABLED",
         ),
         cv.Optional(CONF_SLEEP_MODE): switch.switch_schema(
-            AirtonSwitch,
+            switch.ApplySwitch,
             entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
             default_restore_mode="DISABLED",
         ),
@@ -32,10 +31,12 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     hub = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_AIRTON_ID])
     switches = switch.sub_switches(config, parent=hub)
     await switches(
-        CONF_DISPLAY, hub.set_display_switch, AirtonSetting.AIRTON_SETTING_DISPLAY
+        CONF_DISPLAY,
+        hub.set_display_switch,
+        apply=f"set_setting({AirtonSetting.AIRTON_SETTING_DISPLAY}, state)",
     )
     await switches(
         CONF_SLEEP_MODE,
         hub.set_sleep_mode_switch,
-        AirtonSetting.AIRTON_SETTING_SLEEP_MODE,
+        apply=f"set_setting({AirtonSetting.AIRTON_SETTING_SLEEP_MODE}, state)",
     )

esphome/components/airton/switch/airton_switch.h

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "esphome/components/switch/switch.h"
-#include "../airton.h"
-
-namespace esphome::airton {
-
-// One of the unit's on/off settings; the parent sends the state and publishes it back
-class AirtonSwitch : public switch_::Switch, public Parented<AirtonClimate> {
- public:
-  explicit AirtonSwitch(AirtonSetting setting) : setting_(setting) {}
-
- protected:
-  void write_state(bool state) override { this->parent_->set_setting(this->setting_, state); }
-
-  AirtonSetting setting_;
-};
-
-}  // namespace esphome::airton

esphome/components/api/api.proto

@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ message HelloResponse {
   // A string identifying the server (ESP); like client info this may be empty
   // and only exists for debugging/logging purposes.
   // Currently set to ESPHOME_VERSION string literal.
-  string server_info = 3 [(max_data_length) = 32, (force) = true];
+  string server_info = 3 [(max_data_length) = 32, (force) = true, (progmem) = true];
 
   // The name of the server (App.get_name() - device hostname)
   // max_data_length matches ESPHOME_DEVICE_NAME_MAX_LEN (validated by validate_hostname)
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ message DeviceInfoResponse {
   string mac_address = 3 [(max_data_length) = 17, (force) = true];
 
   // A string describing the ESPHome version. For example "1.10.0"
-  string esphome_version = 4 [(max_data_length) = 32, (force) = true];
+  string esphome_version = 4 [(max_data_length) = 32, (force) = true, (progmem) = true];
 
   // A string describing the date of compilation, this is generated by the compiler
   // and therefore may not be in the same format all the time.
@@ -287,14 +287,14 @@ message DeviceInfoResponse {
 
   // The model of the board. For example NodeMCU
   // max_data_length matches core/config.BOARD_MAX_LENGTH (validated in platform schemas)
-  string model = 6 [(max_data_length) = 127, (force) = true];
+  string model = 6 [(max_data_length) = 127, (force) = true, (progmem) = true];
 
   bool has_deep_sleep = 7 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_DEEP_SLEEP"];
 
   // The esphome project details if set
   // max_data_length matches core/config.PROJECT_MAX_LENGTH
-  string project_name = 8 [(max_data_length) = 127, (force) = true, (field_ifdef) = "ESPHOME_PROJECT_NAME"];
-  string project_version = 9 [(max_data_length) = 127, (force) = true, (field_ifdef) = "ESPHOME_PROJECT_NAME"];
+  string project_name = 8 [(max_data_length) = 127, (force) = true, (field_ifdef) = "ESPHOME_PROJECT_NAME", (progmem) = true];
+  string project_version = 9 [(max_data_length) = 127, (force) = true, (field_ifdef) = "ESPHOME_PROJECT_NAME", (progmem) = true];
 
   uint32 webserver_port = 10 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_WEBSERVER"];
 
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ message DeviceInfoResponse {
   // Superseded by DeviceCapabilitiesResponse.bluetooth_proxy as of API 1.15.
   uint32 bluetooth_proxy_feature_flags = 15 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY"];
 
-  string manufacturer = 12 [(max_data_length) = 20, (force) = true];
+  string manufacturer = 12 [(max_data_length) = 20, (force) = true, (progmem) = true];
 
   string friendly_name = 13 [(max_data_length) = 120, (force) = true];
 

esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/progmem.h"
 #include "esphome/core/version.h"
 #ifdef USE_PROVISIONING
 #include "esphome/components/provisioning/provisioning.h"
@@ -84,8 +85,6 @@ static constexpr uint32_t KEEPALIVE_DISCONNECT_TIMEOUT = (KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_MS *
 // 28-30s. See https://github.com/esphome/esphome/issues/14999
 static constexpr uint32_t HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT_MS = 60000;
 
-static constexpr auto ESPHOME_VERSION_REF = StringRef::from_lit(ESPHOME_VERSION);
-
 // Cross-validate C++ constants against proto max_data_length annotations in api.proto
 static_assert(MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE - 1 == 17,
               "Update max_data_length for mac_address/bluetooth_mac_address in api.proto");
@@ -1899,6 +1898,11 @@ void APIConnection::complete_authentication_() {
 #endif
 }
 
+// A flash string on ESP8266, a mergeable literal elsewhere; #undef after the device info reply
+#define PROGMEM_STRING_REF(s) ProgmemStringRef(ESPHOME_PSTR(s), sizeof(s) - 1)
+// One flash copy for the hello and device info replies
+static ProgmemStringRef esphome_version_ref() { return PROGMEM_STRING_REF(ESPHOME_VERSION); }
+
 bool APIConnection::send_hello_response_(const HelloRequest &msg) {
   // Copy client name with truncation if needed (set_client_name handles truncation)
   this->helper_->set_client_name(msg.client_info.c_str(), msg.client_info.size());
@@ -1914,7 +1918,7 @@ bool APIConnection::send_hello_response_(const HelloRequest &msg) {
   resp.api_version_major = 1;
   resp.api_version_minor = 19;
   // Send only the version string - the client only logs this for debugging and doesn't use it otherwise
-  resp.server_info = ESPHOME_VERSION_REF;
+  resp.server_info = esphome_version_ref();
   resp.name = StringRef(App.get_name());
 
 #ifdef USE_PROVISIONING
@@ -1969,14 +1973,13 @@ bool APIConnection::send_device_info_response_() {
   format_mac_addr_upper(mac, mac_address);
   resp.mac_address = StringRef(mac_address);
 
-  resp.esphome_version = ESPHOME_VERSION_REF;
+  resp.esphome_version = esphome_version_ref();
 
   // Stack buffer for build time string
   char build_time_str[Application::BUILD_TIME_STR_SIZE];
   App.get_build_time_string(build_time_str);
   resp.compilation_time = StringRef(build_time_str);
 
-  // Manufacturer string - define once, handle ESP8266 PROGMEM separately
 #if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_ESP32)
 #define ESPHOME_MANUFACTURER "Espressif"
 #elif defined(USE_RP2)
@@ -1993,48 +1996,19 @@ bool APIConnection::send_device_info_response_() {
 #define ESPHOME_MANUFACTURER "Host"
 #endif
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP8266
-  // ESP8266 requires PROGMEM for flash storage, copy to stack for memcpy compatibility
-  static const char MANUFACTURER_PROGMEM[] PROGMEM = ESPHOME_MANUFACTURER;
-  char manufacturer_buf[sizeof(MANUFACTURER_PROGMEM)];
-  memcpy_P(manufacturer_buf, MANUFACTURER_PROGMEM, sizeof(MANUFACTURER_PROGMEM));
-  resp.manufacturer = StringRef(manufacturer_buf, sizeof(MANUFACTURER_PROGMEM) - 1);
-#else
-  static constexpr auto MANUFACTURER = StringRef::from_lit(ESPHOME_MANUFACTURER);
-  resp.manufacturer = MANUFACTURER;
-#endif
+  resp.manufacturer = PROGMEM_STRING_REF(ESPHOME_MANUFACTURER);
   static_assert(sizeof(ESPHOME_MANUFACTURER) - 1 <= 20, "Update max_data_length for manufacturer in api.proto");
 #undef ESPHOME_MANUFACTURER
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP8266
-  static const char MODEL_PROGMEM[] PROGMEM = ESPHOME_BOARD;
-  char model_buf[sizeof(MODEL_PROGMEM)];
-  memcpy_P(model_buf, MODEL_PROGMEM, sizeof(MODEL_PROGMEM));
-  resp.model = StringRef(model_buf, sizeof(MODEL_PROGMEM) - 1);
-#else
-  static constexpr auto MODEL = StringRef::from_lit(ESPHOME_BOARD);
-  resp.model = MODEL;
-#endif
+  resp.model = PROGMEM_STRING_REF(ESPHOME_BOARD);
 #ifdef USE_DEEP_SLEEP
   resp.has_deep_sleep = deep_sleep::global_has_deep_sleep;
 #endif
 #ifdef ESPHOME_PROJECT_NAME
-#ifdef USE_ESP8266
-  static const char PROJECT_NAME_PROGMEM[] PROGMEM = ESPHOME_PROJECT_NAME;
-  static const char PROJECT_VERSION_PROGMEM[] PROGMEM = ESPHOME_PROJECT_VERSION;
-  char project_name_buf[sizeof(PROJECT_NAME_PROGMEM)];
-  char project_version_buf[sizeof(PROJECT_VERSION_PROGMEM)];
-  memcpy_P(project_name_buf, PROJECT_NAME_PROGMEM, sizeof(PROJECT_NAME_PROGMEM));
-  memcpy_P(project_version_buf, PROJECT_VERSION_PROGMEM, sizeof(PROJECT_VERSION_PROGMEM));
-  resp.project_name = StringRef(project_name_buf, sizeof(PROJECT_NAME_PROGMEM) - 1);
-  resp.project_version = StringRef(project_version_buf, sizeof(PROJECT_VERSION_PROGMEM) - 1);
-#else
-  static constexpr auto PROJECT_NAME = StringRef::from_lit(ESPHOME_PROJECT_NAME);
-  static constexpr auto PROJECT_VERSION = StringRef::from_lit(ESPHOME_PROJECT_VERSION);
-  resp.project_name = PROJECT_NAME;
-  resp.project_version = PROJECT_VERSION;
-#endif
+  resp.project_name = PROGMEM_STRING_REF(ESPHOME_PROJECT_NAME);
+  resp.project_version = PROGMEM_STRING_REF(ESPHOME_PROJECT_VERSION);
 #endif
+#undef PROGMEM_STRING_REF
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER
   resp.webserver_port = USE_WEBSERVER_PORT;
 #endif

esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ uint8_t *HelloResponse::encode_msg(const void *self, uint8_t *__restrict__ pos P
   const auto &msg = *static_cast<const HelloResponse *>(self);
   pos = ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 1, msg.api_version_major);
   pos = ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 2, msg.api_version_minor);
-  pos = ProtoEncode::encode_short_string_force(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 26, msg.server_info);
+  pos = ProtoEncode::encode_short_progmem_string_force(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 26, msg.server_info);
   pos = ProtoEncode::encode_short_string_force(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 34, msg.name);
   return pos;
 }
@@ -117,17 +117,17 @@ uint8_t *DeviceInfoResponse::encode_msg(const void *self, uint8_t *__restrict__
   const auto &msg = *static_cast<const DeviceInfoResponse *>(self);
   pos = ProtoEncode::encode_short_string_force(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 18, msg.name);
   pos = ProtoEncode::encode_short_string_force(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 26, msg.mac_address);
-  pos = ProtoEncode::encode_short_string_force(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 34, msg.esphome_version);
+  pos = ProtoEncode::encode_short_progmem_string_force(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 34, msg.esphome_version);
   pos = ProtoEncode::encode_short_string_force(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 42, msg.compilation_time);
-  pos = ProtoEncode::encode_short_string_force(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 50, msg.model);
+  pos = ProtoEncode::encode_short_progmem_string_force(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 50, msg.model);
 #ifdef USE_DEEP_SLEEP
   pos = ProtoEncode::encode_bool(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 7, msg.has_deep_sleep);
 #endif
 #ifdef ESPHOME_PROJECT_NAME
-  pos = ProtoEncode::encode_short_string_force(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 66, msg.project_name);
+  pos = ProtoEncode::encode_short_progmem_string_force(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 66, msg.project_name);
 #endif
 #ifdef ESPHOME_PROJECT_NAME
-  pos = ProtoEncode::encode_short_string_force(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 74, msg.project_version);
+  pos = ProtoEncode::encode_short_progmem_string_force(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 74, msg.project_version);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER
   pos = ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 10, msg.webserver_port);
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ uint8_t *DeviceInfoResponse::encode_msg(const void *self, uint8_t *__restrict__
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
   pos = ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 15, msg.bluetooth_proxy_feature_flags);
 #endif
-  pos = ProtoEncode::encode_short_string_force(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 98, msg.manufacturer);
+  pos = ProtoEncode::encode_short_progmem_string_force(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 98, msg.manufacturer);
   pos = ProtoEncode::encode_short_string_force(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 106, msg.friendly_name);
 #ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
   pos = ProtoEncode::encode_uint32(pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_ARG, 17, msg.voice_assistant_feature_flags);

esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h

@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ class HelloResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 #endif
   uint32_t api_version_major{0};
   uint32_t api_version_minor{0};
-  StringRef server_info{};
+  ProgmemStringRef server_info{};
   StringRef name{};
   static uint8_t *encode_msg(const void *self, uint8_t *pos PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM);
   uint8_t *encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer PROTO_ENCODE_DEBUG_PARAM) const {
@@ -608,17 +608,17 @@ class DeviceInfoResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 #endif
   StringRef name{};
   StringRef mac_address{};
-  StringRef esphome_version{};
+  ProgmemStringRef esphome_version{};
   StringRef compilation_time{};
-  StringRef model{};
+  ProgmemStringRef model{};
 #ifdef USE_DEEP_SLEEP
   bool has_deep_sleep{false};
 #endif
 #ifdef ESPHOME_PROJECT_NAME
-  StringRef project_name{};
+  ProgmemStringRef project_name{};
 #endif
 #ifdef ESPHOME_PROJECT_NAME
-  StringRef project_version{};
+  ProgmemStringRef project_version{};
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER
   uint32_t webserver_port{0};
@@ -626,7 +626,7 @@ class DeviceInfoResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
   uint32_t bluetooth_proxy_feature_flags{0};
 #endif
-  StringRef manufacturer{};
+  ProgmemStringRef manufacturer{};
   StringRef friendly_name{};
 #ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
   uint32_t voice_assistant_feature_flags{0};

esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp

@@ -970,7 +970,7 @@ const char *HelloResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("HelloResponse"));
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("api_version_major"), this->api_version_major);
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("api_version_minor"), this->api_version_minor);
-  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("server_info"), this->server_info);
+  dump_progmem_string_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("server_info"), this->server_info);
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("name"), this->name);
   return out.c_str();
 }
@@ -1021,17 +1021,17 @@ const char *DeviceInfoResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("DeviceInfoResponse"));
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("name"), this->name);
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("mac_address"), this->mac_address);
-  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("esphome_version"), this->esphome_version);
+  dump_progmem_string_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("esphome_version"), this->esphome_version);
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("compilation_time"), this->compilation_time);
-  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("model"), this->model);
+  dump_progmem_string_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("model"), this->model);
 #ifdef USE_DEEP_SLEEP
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("has_deep_sleep"), this->has_deep_sleep);
 #endif
 #ifdef ESPHOME_PROJECT_NAME
-  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("project_name"), this->project_name);
+  dump_progmem_string_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("project_name"), this->project_name);
 #endif
 #ifdef ESPHOME_PROJECT_NAME
-  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("project_version"), this->project_version);
+  dump_progmem_string_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("project_version"), this->project_version);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("webserver_port"), this->webserver_port);
@@ -1039,7 +1039,7 @@ const char *DeviceInfoResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("bluetooth_proxy_feature_flags"), this->bluetooth_proxy_feature_flags);
 #endif
-  dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("manufacturer"), this->manufacturer);
+  dump_progmem_string_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("manufacturer"), this->manufacturer);
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("friendly_name"), this->friendly_name);
 #ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
   dump_field(out, ESPHOME_PSTR("voice_assistant_feature_flags"), this->voice_assistant_feature_flags);

esphome/components/atm90e32/atm90e32.cpp

@@ -637,6 +637,18 @@ float ATM90E32Component::get_chip_temperature_() {
   return (float) ctemp;
 }
 
+void ATM90E32Component::press_calibration_button(EntityBase *entity, void (ATM90E32Component::*action)(),
+                                                 const LogString *hint, const LogString *hint2) {
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "%s", entity->get_name().c_str());
+  if (hint != nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "%s", LOG_STR_ARG(hint));
+  }
+  if (hint2 != nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "%s", LOG_STR_ARG(hint2));
+  }
+  (this->*action)();
+}
+
 void ATM90E32Component::run_gain_calibrations() {
   const char *cs = this->get_calibration_id_();
   if (!this->enable_gain_calibration_) {

esphome/components/atm90e32/atm90e32.h

@@ -139,6 +139,9 @@ class ATM90E32Component final : public PollingComponent,
   int16_t calibrate_offset(uint8_t phase, bool voltage);
   int16_t calibrate_power_offset(uint8_t phase, bool reactive);
   void run_gain_calibrations();
+  // Body of the calibration buttons: logs the button name and the hint lines, then runs action.
+  void press_calibration_button(EntityBase *entity, void (ATM90E32Component::*action)(),
+                                const LogString *hint = nullptr, const LogString *hint2 = nullptr);
 #ifdef USE_NUMBER
   void set_reference_voltage(uint8_t phase, number::Number *ref_voltage) { ref_voltages_[phase] = ref_voltage; }
   void set_reference_current(uint8_t phase, number::Number *ref_current) { ref_currents_[phase] = ref_current; }

esphome/components/atm90e32/button/__init__.py

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG, ICON_SCALE
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-from .. import atm90e32_ns
 from ..sensor import ATM90E32Component
 
 CONF_RUN_GAIN_CALIBRATION = "run_gain_calibration"
@@ -14,83 +13,68 @@ CONF_CLEAR_OFFSET_CALIBRATION = "clear_offset_calibration"
 CONF_RUN_POWER_OFFSET_CALIBRATION = "run_power_offset_calibration"
 CONF_CLEAR_POWER_OFFSET_CALIBRATION = "clear_power_offset_calibration"
 
-ATM90E32GainCalibrationButton = atm90e32_ns.class_(
-    "ATM90E32GainCalibrationButton", button.Button
-)
-ATM90E32ClearGainCalibrationButton = atm90e32_ns.class_(
-    "ATM90E32ClearGainCalibrationButton", button.Button
-)
-ATM90E32OffsetCalibrationButton = atm90e32_ns.class_(
-    "ATM90E32OffsetCalibrationButton", button.Button
-)
-ATM90E32ClearOffsetCalibrationButton = atm90e32_ns.class_(
-    "ATM90E32ClearOffsetCalibrationButton", button.Button
-)
-ATM90E32PowerOffsetCalibrationButton = atm90e32_ns.class_(
-    "ATM90E32PowerOffsetCalibrationButton", button.Button
-)
-ATM90E32ClearPowerOffsetCalibrationButton = atm90e32_ns.class_(
-    "ATM90E32ClearPowerOffsetCalibrationButton", button.Button
-)
+
+def _calibration_button(icon: str) -> cv.Schema:
+    return button.button_schema(
+        button.ApplyButton, entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG, icon=icon
+    )
+
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
     cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(ATM90E32Component),
-    cv.Optional(CONF_RUN_GAIN_CALIBRATION): button.button_schema(
-        ATM90E32GainCalibrationButton,
-        entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
-        icon="mdi:scale-balance",
-    ),
-    cv.Optional(CONF_CLEAR_GAIN_CALIBRATION): button.button_schema(
-        ATM90E32ClearGainCalibrationButton,
-        entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
-        icon="mdi:delete",
-    ),
-    cv.Optional(CONF_RUN_OFFSET_CALIBRATION): button.button_schema(
-        ATM90E32OffsetCalibrationButton,
-        entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
-        icon=ICON_SCALE,
-    ),
-    cv.Optional(CONF_CLEAR_OFFSET_CALIBRATION): button.button_schema(
-        ATM90E32ClearOffsetCalibrationButton,
-        entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
-        icon="mdi:delete",
-    ),
-    cv.Optional(CONF_RUN_POWER_OFFSET_CALIBRATION): button.button_schema(
-        ATM90E32PowerOffsetCalibrationButton,
-        entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
-        icon=ICON_SCALE,
-    ),
-    cv.Optional(CONF_CLEAR_POWER_OFFSET_CALIBRATION): button.button_schema(
-        ATM90E32ClearPowerOffsetCalibrationButton,
-        entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
-        icon="mdi:delete",
-    ),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_RUN_GAIN_CALIBRATION): _calibration_button("mdi:scale-balance"),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_CLEAR_GAIN_CALIBRATION): _calibration_button("mdi:delete"),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_RUN_OFFSET_CALIBRATION): _calibration_button(ICON_SCALE),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_CLEAR_OFFSET_CALIBRATION): _calibration_button("mdi:delete"),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_RUN_POWER_OFFSET_CALIBRATION): _calibration_button(ICON_SCALE),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_CLEAR_POWER_OFFSET_CALIBRATION): _calibration_button("mdi:delete"),
 }
 
 
+def _press(action: str, hint: str | None = None, hint2: str | None = None) -> str:
+    """press_calibration_button() logs at most two hint lines."""
+    args = "".join(
+        f", {cg.LogStringLiteral(h)}" for h in (hint, hint2) if h is not None
+    )
+    return f"press_calibration_button(entity, &{ATM90E32Component}::{action}{args})"
+
+
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
-    parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
-
-    if run_gain := config.get(CONF_RUN_GAIN_CALIBRATION):
-        b = await button.new_button(run_gain)
-        await cg.register_parented(b, parent)
-
-    if clear_gain := config.get(CONF_CLEAR_GAIN_CALIBRATION):
-        b = await button.new_button(clear_gain)
-        await cg.register_parented(b, parent)
-
-    if run_offset := config.get(CONF_RUN_OFFSET_CALIBRATION):
-        b = await button.new_button(run_offset)
-        await cg.register_parented(b, parent)
-
-    if clear_offset := config.get(CONF_CLEAR_OFFSET_CALIBRATION):
-        b = await button.new_button(clear_offset)
-        await cg.register_parented(b, parent)
-
-    if run_power := config.get(CONF_RUN_POWER_OFFSET_CALIBRATION):
-        b = await button.new_button(run_power)
-        await cg.register_parented(b, parent)
-
-    if clear_power := config.get(CONF_CLEAR_POWER_OFFSET_CALIBRATION):
-        b = await button.new_button(clear_power)
-        await cg.register_parented(b, parent)
+    buttons = button.sub_buttons(config, parent=config[CONF_ID])
+    await buttons(
+        CONF_RUN_GAIN_CALIBRATION,
+        None,
+        apply=_press(
+            "run_gain_calibrations",
+            "[CALIBRATION] Use gain_ct: & gain_voltage: under each phase_x: in your config file to save these values",
+        ),
+    )
+    await buttons(
+        CONF_CLEAR_GAIN_CALIBRATION, None, apply=_press("clear_gain_calibrations")
+    )
+    await buttons(
+        CONF_RUN_OFFSET_CALIBRATION,
+        None,
+        apply=_press(
+            "run_offset_calibrations",
+            "[CALIBRATION] **NOTE: CTs and ACVs must be 0 during this process. USB power only**",
+            "[CALIBRATION] Use offset_voltage: & offset_current: under each phase_x: in your config file to save these values",
+        ),
+    )
+    await buttons(
+        CONF_CLEAR_OFFSET_CALIBRATION, None, apply=_press("clear_offset_calibrations")
+    )
+    await buttons(
+        CONF_RUN_POWER_OFFSET_CALIBRATION,
+        None,
+        apply=_press(
+            "run_power_offset_calibrations",
+            "[CALIBRATION] **NOTE: CTs must be 0 during this process. Voltage reference should be present**",
+            "[CALIBRATION] Use offset_active_power: & offset_reactive_power: under each phase_x: in your config file to save these values",
+        ),
+    )
+    await buttons(
+        CONF_CLEAR_POWER_OFFSET_CALIBRATION,
+        None,
+        apply=_press("clear_power_offset_calibrations"),
+    )

esphome/components/atm90e32/button/atm90e32_button.cpp

@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-#include "atm90e32_button.h"
-#include "esphome/core/component.h"
-#include "esphome/core/log.h"
-
-namespace esphome::atm90e32 {
-
-ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "atm90e32.button");
-
-void ATM90E32GainCalibrationButton::press_action() {
-  if (this->parent_ == nullptr) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] No meters assigned to Gain Calibration button [%s]", this->get_name().c_str());
-    return;
-  }
-
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "%s", this->get_name().c_str());
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG,
-           "[CALIBRATION] Use gain_ct: & gain_voltage: under each phase_x: in your config file to save these values");
-  this->parent_->run_gain_calibrations();
-}
-
-void ATM90E32ClearGainCalibrationButton::press_action() {
-  if (this->parent_ == nullptr) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] No meters assigned to Clear Gain button [%s]", this->get_name().c_str());
-    return;
-  }
-
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "%s", this->get_name().c_str());
-  this->parent_->clear_gain_calibrations();
-}
-
-void ATM90E32OffsetCalibrationButton::press_action() {
-  if (this->parent_ == nullptr) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] No meters assigned to Offset Calibration button [%s]", this->get_name().c_str());
-    return;
-  }
-
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "%s", this->get_name().c_str());
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] **NOTE: CTs and ACVs must be 0 during this process. USB power only**");
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Use offset_voltage: & offset_current: under each phase_x: in your config file to save "
-                "these values");
-  this->parent_->run_offset_calibrations();
-}
-
-void ATM90E32ClearOffsetCalibrationButton::press_action() {
-  if (this->parent_ == nullptr) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] No meters assigned to Clear Offset button [%s]", this->get_name().c_str());
-    return;
-  }
-
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "%s", this->get_name().c_str());
-  this->parent_->clear_offset_calibrations();
-}
-
-void ATM90E32PowerOffsetCalibrationButton::press_action() {
-  if (this->parent_ == nullptr) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] No meters assigned to Power Calibration button [%s]", this->get_name().c_str());
-    return;
-  }
-
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "%s", this->get_name().c_str());
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] **NOTE: CTs must be 0 during this process. Voltage reference should be present**");
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Use offset_active_power: & offset_reactive_power: under each phase_x: in your config "
-                "file to save these values");
-  this->parent_->run_power_offset_calibrations();
-}
-
-void ATM90E32ClearPowerOffsetCalibrationButton::press_action() {
-  if (this->parent_ == nullptr) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] No meters assigned to Clear Power button [%s]", this->get_name().c_str());
-    return;
-  }
-
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "%s", this->get_name().c_str());
-  this->parent_->clear_power_offset_calibrations();
-}
-
-}  // namespace esphome::atm90e32

esphome/components/atm90e32/button/atm90e32_button.h

@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "esphome/core/component.h"
-#include "esphome/components/atm90e32/atm90e32.h"
-#include "esphome/components/button/button.h"
-
-namespace esphome::atm90e32 {
-
-class ATM90E32GainCalibrationButton final : public button::Button, public Parented<ATM90E32Component> {
- public:
-  ATM90E32GainCalibrationButton() = default;
-
- protected:
-  void press_action() override;
-};
-
-class ATM90E32ClearGainCalibrationButton final : public button::Button, public Parented<ATM90E32Component> {
- public:
-  ATM90E32ClearGainCalibrationButton() = default;
-
- protected:
-  void press_action() override;
-};
-
-class ATM90E32OffsetCalibrationButton final : public button::Button, public Parented<ATM90E32Component> {
- public:
-  ATM90E32OffsetCalibrationButton() = default;
-
- protected:
-  void press_action() override;
-};
-
-class ATM90E32ClearOffsetCalibrationButton final : public button::Button, public Parented<ATM90E32Component> {
- public:
-  ATM90E32ClearOffsetCalibrationButton() = default;
-
- protected:
-  void press_action() override;
-};
-
-class ATM90E32PowerOffsetCalibrationButton final : public button::Button, public Parented<ATM90E32Component> {
- public:
-  ATM90E32PowerOffsetCalibrationButton() = default;
-
- protected:
-  void press_action() override;
-};
-
-class ATM90E32ClearPowerOffsetCalibrationButton final : public button::Button, public Parented<ATM90E32Component> {
- public:
-  ATM90E32ClearPowerOffsetCalibrationButton() = default;
-
- protected:
-  void press_action() override;
-};
-
-}  // namespace esphome::atm90e32

esphome/components/ballu/ballu.cpp

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "ballu.climate");
 const uint16_t BALLU_HEADER_MARK = 9000;
 const uint16_t BALLU_HEADER_SPACE = 4500;
 const uint16_t BALLU_BIT_MARK = 575;
-const uint16_t BALLU_ONE_SPACE = 1675;
-const uint16_t BALLU_ZERO_SPACE = 550;
+static constexpr remote_base::BitTimings BALLU_BIT_TIMINGS{
+    .bit_mark = BALLU_BIT_MARK, .one_space = 1675, .zero_space = 550};
 
 const uint32_t BALLU_CARRIER_FREQUENCY = 38000;
 
@@ -104,13 +104,7 @@ void BalluClimate::transmit_state() {
   data->mark(BALLU_HEADER_MARK);
   data->space(BALLU_HEADER_SPACE);
   // Data
-  for (uint8_t i : remote_state) {
-    for (uint8_t j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
-      data->mark(BALLU_BIT_MARK);
-      bool bit = i & (1 << j);
-      data->space(bit ? BALLU_ONE_SPACE : BALLU_ZERO_SPACE);
-    }
-  }
+  data->item_bytes<BALLU_BIT_TIMINGS>(remote_state, BALLU_STATE_LENGTH);
   // Footer
   data->mark(BALLU_BIT_MARK);
 
@@ -124,21 +118,10 @@ bool BalluClimate::on_receive(remote_base::RemoteReceiveData data) {
     return false;
   }
 
-  uint8_t remote_state[BALLU_STATE_LENGTH] = {0};
-  // Read all bytes.
-  for (int i = 0; i < BALLU_STATE_LENGTH; i++) {
-    // Read bit
-    for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
-      if (data.expect_item(BALLU_BIT_MARK, BALLU_ONE_SPACE)) {
-        remote_state[i] |= 1 << j;
-
-      } else if (!data.expect_item(BALLU_BIT_MARK, BALLU_ZERO_SPACE)) {
-        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Byte %d bit %d fail", i, j);
-        return false;
-      }
-    }
-
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Byte %d %02X", i, remote_state[i]);
+  uint8_t remote_state[BALLU_STATE_LENGTH];
+  if (!data.expect_bytes<BALLU_BIT_TIMINGS>(remote_state, BALLU_STATE_LENGTH)) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Data fail");
+    return false;
   }
   // Validate footer
   if (!data.expect_mark(BALLU_BIT_MARK)) {

esphome/components/bedjet/__init__.py

@@ -43,5 +43,4 @@ async def register_bedjet_child(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await ble_client.new_ble_node_component(config)
     await cg.add_variable(var.set_time_id, config.get(CONF_TIME_ID))
-    if (receive_timeout := config.get(CONF_RECEIVE_TIMEOUT)) is not None:
-        cg.add(var.set_status_timeout(receive_timeout))
+    cg.add_optional(var.set_status_timeout, config.get(CONF_RECEIVE_TIMEOUT))

esphome/components/beken_spi_led_strip/light.py

@@ -111,8 +111,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add(var.set_num_leds(config[CONF_NUM_LEDS]))
     cg.add(var.set_pin(config[CONF_PIN]))
 
-    if CONF_MAX_REFRESH_RATE in config:
-        cg.add(var.set_max_refresh_rate(config[CONF_MAX_REFRESH_RATE]))
+    cg.add_optional(var.set_max_refresh_rate, config.get(CONF_MAX_REFRESH_RATE))
 
     chipset = CHIPSETS[config[CONF_CHIPSET]]
     cg.add(

esphome/components/bl0940/bl0940.cpp

@@ -122,6 +122,7 @@ float BL0940::calculate_energy_reference_() {
 float BL0940::calculate_calibration_value_(float state) { return (100 + state) / 100; }
 
 void BL0940::reset_calibration() {
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Resetting calibration defaults...");
 #ifdef USE_NUMBER
   if (this->current_calibration_number_ != nullptr && this->current_cal_ != 1) {
     this->current_calibration_number_->make_call().set_value(0).perform();

esphome/components/bl0940/button/__init__.py

@@ -1,28 +1,19 @@
-import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import button
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG, ICON_RESTART
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-from .. import CONF_BL0940_ID, bl0940_ns
+from .. import CONF_BL0940_ID
 from ..sensor import BL0940
 
-CalibrationResetButton = bl0940_ns.class_(
-    "CalibrationResetButton", button.Button, cg.Component
-)
-
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
-    button.button_schema(
-        CalibrationResetButton,
-        entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
-        icon=ICON_RESTART,
-    )
-    .extend({cv.GenerateID(CONF_BL0940_ID): cv.use_id(BL0940)})
-    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
-)
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = button.button_schema(
+    button.ApplyButton,
+    entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+    icon=ICON_RESTART,
+).extend({cv.GenerateID(CONF_BL0940_ID): cv.use_id(BL0940)})
 
 
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
-    var = await button.new_button(config)
-    await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_BL0940_ID])
+    await button.sub_buttons(config, parent=config[CONF_BL0940_ID]).create(
+        config, None, apply="reset_calibration()"
+    )

esphome/components/bl0940/button/calibration_reset_button.cpp

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-#include "calibration_reset_button.h"
-#include "../bl0940.h"
-#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
-#include "esphome/core/log.h"
-#include "esphome/core/application.h"
-
-namespace esphome::bl0940 {
-
-ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "bl0940.button.calibration_reset");
-
-void CalibrationResetButton::dump_config() { LOG_BUTTON("", "Calibration Reset Button", this); }
-
-void CalibrationResetButton::press_action() {
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Resetting calibration defaults...");
-  this->parent_->reset_calibration();
-}
-
-}  // namespace esphome::bl0940

esphome/components/bl0940/button/calibration_reset_button.h

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "esphome/core/component.h"
-#include "esphome/components/button/button.h"
-
-namespace esphome::bl0940 {
-
-class BL0940;  // Forward declaration of BL0940 class
-
-class CalibrationResetButton final : public button::Button, public Component, public Parented<BL0940> {
- public:
-  void dump_config() override;
-
-  void press_action() override;
-};
-
-}  // namespace esphome::bl0940

esphome/components/ble_presence/binary_sensor.py

@@ -83,8 +83,6 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         ibeacon_uuid = ble_device_base.as_reversed_hex_array(ibeacon_uuid)
         cg.add(var.set_ibeacon_uuid(ibeacon_uuid))
 
-        if (ibeacon_major := config.get(CONF_IBEACON_MAJOR)) is not None:
-            cg.add(var.set_ibeacon_major(ibeacon_major))
+        cg.add_optional(var.set_ibeacon_major, config.get(CONF_IBEACON_MAJOR))
 
-        if (ibeacon_minor := config.get(CONF_IBEACON_MINOR)) is not None:
-            cg.add(var.set_ibeacon_minor(ibeacon_minor))
+        cg.add_optional(var.set_ibeacon_minor, config.get(CONF_IBEACON_MINOR))

esphome/components/ble_rssi/sensor.py

@@ -79,8 +79,6 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         ibeacon_uuid = ble_device_base.as_reversed_hex_array(ibeacon_uuid)
         cg.add(var.set_ibeacon_uuid(ibeacon_uuid))
 
-        if (ibeacon_major := config.get(CONF_IBEACON_MAJOR)) is not None:
-            cg.add(var.set_ibeacon_major(ibeacon_major))
+        cg.add_optional(var.set_ibeacon_major, config.get(CONF_IBEACON_MAJOR))
 
-        if (ibeacon_minor := config.get(CONF_IBEACON_MINOR)) is not None:
-            cg.add(var.set_ibeacon_minor(ibeacon_minor))
+        cg.add_optional(var.set_ibeacon_minor, config.get(CONF_IBEACON_MINOR))

esphome/components/button/__init__.py

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
+    ApplyEntity,
     SubEntities,
     entity_duplicate_validator,
     queue_entity_register,
@@ -46,6 +47,7 @@ DEVICE_CLASSES = [
 button_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("button")
 Button = button_ns.class_("Button", cg.EntityBase)
 ButtonPtr = Button.operator("ptr")
+ApplyButton = button_ns.class_("ApplyButton", Button)
 
 validate_device_class = cv.one_of(*DEVICE_CLASSES, lower=True, space="_")
 
@@ -155,11 +157,14 @@ async def new_button(config: ConfigType, *args: SafeExpType) -> MockObj:
     return var
 
 
+APPLY_ENTITY = ApplyEntity(ApplyButton, ((ButtonPtr, "entity"),))
+
+
 def sub_buttons(
     config: ConfigType, *, parent: MockObj | ID | None = None
 ) -> SubEntities:
-    """Return a SubEntities bound to new_button."""
-    return SubEntities(new_button, config, parent)
+    """Return a SubEntities bound to new_button; ``apply`` statements can use ``entity``."""
+    return SubEntities(new_button, config, parent, APPLY_ENTITY)
 
 
 BUTTON_PRESS_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(

esphome/components/button/button.h

@@ -46,4 +46,14 @@ class Button : public EntityBase {
   LazyCallbackManager<void()> press_callback_{};
 };
 
+/// Calls the codegen-generated Fn(this) on a press; the hub and any publish are baked into Fn.
+template<auto Fn> class ApplyButton final : public Button {
+ public:
+  // Not "= default": placement new would zero-fill .bss that is already zero.
+  ApplyButton() {}
+
+ protected:
+  void press_action() override { Fn(this); }
+};
+
 }  // namespace esphome::button

esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_portal.cpp

@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ void CaptivePortal::handle_config(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
   request->send(stream);
 }
 void CaptivePortal::handle_wifisave(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
-  const auto &ssid = request->arg("ssid");
-  const auto &psk = request->arg("psk");
+  const auto &ssid = request->arg(ESPHOME_F("ssid"));
+  const auto &psk = request->arg(ESPHOME_F("psk"));
   ESP_LOGI(TAG,
            "Requested WiFi Settings Change:\n"
            "  SSID='%s'\n"
@@ -117,11 +117,7 @@ void CaptivePortal::handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest *req) {
   // All other requests get the captive portal page
   // This includes OS captive portal detection endpoints which will trigger
   // the captive portal when they don't receive their expected responses
-#ifndef USE_ESP8266
   auto *response = req->beginResponse(200, ESPHOME_F("text/html"), INDEX_GZ, sizeof(INDEX_GZ));
-#else
-  auto *response = req->beginResponse_P(200, ESPHOME_F("text/html"), INDEX_GZ, sizeof(INDEX_GZ));
-#endif
 #ifdef USE_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_GZIP
   response->addHeader(ESPHOME_F("Content-Encoding"), ESPHOME_F("gzip"));
 #else

esphome/components/ccs811/sensor.py

@@ -69,8 +69,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     text_sensors = text_sensor.sub_text_sensors(config)
     await text_sensors(CONF_VERSION, var.set_version)
 
-    if (baseline := config.get(CONF_BASELINE)) is not None:
-        cg.add(var.set_baseline(baseline))
+    cg.add_optional(var.set_baseline, config.get(CONF_BASELINE))
 
     await cg.add_variable(var.set_temperature, config.get(CONF_TEMPERATURE))
     await cg.add_variable(var.set_humidity, config.get(CONF_HUMIDITY))

esphome/components/combination/sensor.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_SOURCES
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ACCURACY_DECIMALS,
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-CODEOWNERS = ["@Cat-Ion", "@kahrendt"]
+CODEOWNERS = ["@kahrendt"]
 
 combination_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("combination")
 
@@ -59,7 +60,6 @@ CONF_MEDIAN = "median"
 CONF_MIN = "min"
 CONF_MOST_RECENTLY_UPDATED = "most_recently_updated"
 CONF_PROCESS_STD_DEV = "process_std_dev"
-CONF_SOURCES = "sources"
 CONF_STD_DEV = "std_dev"
 
 

esphome/components/const/__init__.py

@@ -65,10 +65,12 @@ CONF_REMOTE_ID = "remote_id"
 CONF_REQUEST_HEADERS = "request_headers"
 CONF_ROLE = "role"
 CONF_ROWS = "rows"
+CONF_RST_PIN = "rst_pin"
 CONF_SCAN_PARAMETERS = "scan_parameters"
 CONF_SERIAL_NUMBER = "serial_number"
 CONF_SHA256 = "sha256"
 CONF_SLOT = "slot"
+CONF_SOURCES = "sources"
 CONF_STATE_SAVE_INTERVAL = "state_save_interval"
 CONF_STOP_BITS = "stop_bits"
 CONF_TARGET_COUNT = "target_count"

esphome/components/copy/button/__init__.py

@@ -1,29 +1,18 @@
-import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import button
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_DEVICE_CLASS,
     CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY,
     CONF_ICON,
-    CONF_ID,
     CONF_SOURCE_ID,
 )
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-from .. import copy_ns
-
-CopyButton = copy_ns.class_("CopyButton", button.Button, cg.Component)
-
-
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
-    button.button_schema(CopyButton)
-    .extend(
-        {
-            cv.Required(CONF_SOURCE_ID): cv.use_id(button.Button),
-        }
-    )
-    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = button.button_schema(button.ApplyButton).extend(
+    {
+        cv.Required(CONF_SOURCE_ID): cv.use_id(button.Button),
+    }
 )
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
@@ -34,8 +23,6 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    await button.register_button(var, config)
-    await cg.register_component(var, config)
-
-    await cg.add_variable(var.set_source, config[CONF_SOURCE_ID])
+    await button.sub_buttons(config, parent=config[CONF_SOURCE_ID]).create(
+        config, None, apply="press()"
+    )

esphome/components/copy/button/copy_button.cpp

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-#include "copy_button.h"
-#include "esphome/core/log.h"
-
-namespace esphome::copy {
-
-ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "copy.button");
-
-void CopyButton::dump_config() { LOG_BUTTON("", "Copy Button", this); }
-
-void CopyButton::press_action() { source_->press(); }
-
-}  // namespace esphome::copy

esphome/components/copy/button/copy_button.h

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "esphome/core/component.h"
-#include "esphome/components/button/button.h"
-
-namespace esphome::copy {
-
-class CopyButton final : public button::Button, public Component {
- public:
-  void set_source(button::Button *source) { source_ = source; }
-  void dump_config() override;
-
- protected:
-  void press_action() override;
-
-  button::Button *source_;
-};
-
-}  // namespace esphome::copy

esphome/components/cst9220/touchscreen/cst9220_touchscreen.cpp

@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@
 
 namespace esphome::cst9220 {
 
+// Id 0 is the base Touchscreen class touch timeout.
+static constexpr uint32_t REREAD_TIMEOUT_ID = 1;
+static constexpr uint32_t REREAD_DELAY_MS = 20;
+
 void CST9220Touchscreen::setup() {
   if (this->reset_pin_ != nullptr) {
     this->reset_pin_->setup();
@@ -92,15 +96,15 @@ void CST9220Touchscreen::update_touches() {
     return;
   }
 
-  // Acknowledge the report so the controller can prepare the next one.
-  uint8_t ack = TOUCH_ACK;
-  this->write_register16(REG_TOUCH_DATA, &ack, 1);
-
-  // A valid report carries the ACK marker at offset 6; offset 0 holds the first
-  // point and must be neither the ACK marker nor empty. Anything else means no
-  // valid touch data this cycle, which we report as zero touches (not a skip).
-  if (data[0] == TOUCH_ACK || data[0] == 0x00 || data[6] != TOUCH_ACK)
+  // A valid report carries the marker at offset 6. Writing an acknowledge back makes the controller return
+  // invalid frames during a long press, so none is written. An invalid frame keeps the previous points; while
+  // a finger is down, read again shortly so a lost release frame does not leave the touch held.
+  if (data[6] != TOUCH_ACK) {
+    this->skip_update_ = true;
+    if (!this->touches_.empty())
+      this->set_timeout(REREAD_TIMEOUT_ID, REREAD_DELAY_MS, [this] { this->store_.touched = true; });
     return;
+  }
 
   uint8_t num_touches = data[5] & 0x7F;
   if (num_touches > CST9220_MAX_TOUCHES)

esphome/components/current_based/cover.py

@@ -117,8 +117,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     )
 
     cg.add(var.set_obstacle_rollback(config[CONF_OBSTACLE_ROLLBACK]))
-    if (max_duration := config.get(CONF_MAX_DURATION)) is not None:
-        cg.add(var.set_max_duration(max_duration))
+    cg.add_optional(var.set_max_duration, config.get(CONF_MAX_DURATION))
     cg.add(var.set_malfunction_detection(config[CONF_MALFUNCTION_DETECTION]))
     if malfunction_action := config.get(CONF_MALFUNCTION_ACTION):
         await automation.build_automation(

esphome/components/daikin/daikin.cpp

@@ -9,6 +9,14 @@ ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "daikin.climate");
 
 static constexpr uint32_t BOOST_TIMEOUT_ID = 0;
 
+static constexpr uint8_t DAIKIN_HEADER_BYTE0 = 0x11;
+static constexpr uint8_t DAIKIN_HEADER_BYTE1 = 0xDA;
+static constexpr uint8_t DAIKIN_HEADER_BYTE2 = 0x27;
+static constexpr uint8_t DAIKIN_HEADER_BYTE3 = 0x00;
+static constexpr uint8_t DAIKIN_FRAME_TYPE_INDEX = 4;
+static constexpr uint8_t DAIKIN_FRAME_HEADER_SIZE = DAIKIN_FRAME_TYPE_INDEX + 1;
+static constexpr uint8_t DAIKIN_STATE_FRAME_OFFSET = 2 * DAIKIN_COMFORT_FRAME_SIZE;
+
 void DaikinClimate::setup() {
   climate_ir::ClimateIR::setup();
   // A boost preset restored from flash gets its timer too
@@ -42,37 +50,19 @@ void DaikinClimate::transmit_state() {
 
   data->mark(DAIKIN_HEADER_MARK);
   data->space(DAIKIN_HEADER_SPACE);
-  for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-    for (uint8_t mask = 1; mask > 0; mask <<= 1) {  // iterate through bit mask
-      data->mark(DAIKIN_BIT_MARK);
-      bool bit = remote_state[i] & mask;
-      data->space(bit ? DAIKIN_ONE_SPACE : DAIKIN_ZERO_SPACE);
-    }
-  }
+  data->item_bytes<DAIKIN_BIT_TIMINGS>(remote_state, DAIKIN_COMFORT_FRAME_SIZE);
   data->mark(DAIKIN_BIT_MARK);
   data->space(DAIKIN_MESSAGE_SPACE);
   data->mark(DAIKIN_HEADER_MARK);
   data->space(DAIKIN_HEADER_SPACE);
 
-  for (int i = 8; i < 16; i++) {
-    for (uint8_t mask = 1; mask > 0; mask <<= 1) {  // iterate through bit mask
-      data->mark(DAIKIN_BIT_MARK);
-      bool bit = remote_state[i] & mask;
-      data->space(bit ? DAIKIN_ONE_SPACE : DAIKIN_ZERO_SPACE);
-    }
-  }
+  data->item_bytes<DAIKIN_BIT_TIMINGS>(remote_state + DAIKIN_COMFORT_FRAME_SIZE, DAIKIN_COMFORT_FRAME_SIZE);
   data->mark(DAIKIN_BIT_MARK);
   data->space(DAIKIN_MESSAGE_SPACE);
   data->mark(DAIKIN_HEADER_MARK);
   data->space(DAIKIN_HEADER_SPACE);
 
-  for (int i = 16; i < 35; i++) {
-    for (uint8_t mask = 1; mask > 0; mask <<= 1) {  // iterate through bit mask
-      data->mark(DAIKIN_BIT_MARK);
-      bool bit = remote_state[i] & mask;
-      data->space(bit ? DAIKIN_ONE_SPACE : DAIKIN_ZERO_SPACE);
-    }
-  }
+  data->item_bytes<DAIKIN_BIT_TIMINGS>(remote_state + DAIKIN_STATE_FRAME_OFFSET, DAIKIN_STATE_FRAME_SIZE);
   data->mark(DAIKIN_BIT_MARK);
   data->space(0);
 
@@ -284,46 +274,24 @@ bool DaikinClimate::parse_state_frame_(const uint8_t frame[]) {
 }
 
 bool DaikinClimate::on_receive(remote_base::RemoteReceiveData data) {
-  uint8_t frame[DAIKIN_STATE_FRAME_SIZE] = {};
+  uint8_t frame[DAIKIN_STATE_FRAME_SIZE];
   if (!data.expect_item(DAIKIN_HEADER_MARK, DAIKIN_HEADER_SPACE)) {
     return false;
   }
 
+  // Frame header, then the frame type that sets the frame size
+  if (!data.expect_bytes<DAIKIN_BIT_TIMINGS>(frame, DAIKIN_FRAME_HEADER_SIZE) || frame[0] != DAIKIN_HEADER_BYTE0 ||
+      frame[1] != DAIKIN_HEADER_BYTE1 || frame[2] != DAIKIN_HEADER_BYTE2 || frame[3] != DAIKIN_HEADER_BYTE3) {
+    return false;
+  }
   uint8_t frame_size = DAIKIN_STATE_FRAME_SIZE;
-  for (uint8_t pos = 0; pos < frame_size; pos++) {
-    uint8_t byte = 0;
-    for (int8_t bit = 0; bit < 8; bit++) {
-      if (data.expect_item(DAIKIN_BIT_MARK, DAIKIN_ONE_SPACE)) {
-        byte |= 1 << bit;
-      } else if (!data.expect_item(DAIKIN_BIT_MARK, DAIKIN_ZERO_SPACE)) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    }
-    frame[pos] = byte;
-    if (pos == 0) {
-      // frame header
-      if (byte != 0x11)
-        return false;
-    } else if (pos == 1) {
-      // frame header
-      if (byte != 0xDA)
-        return false;
-    } else if (pos == 2) {
-      // frame header
-      if (byte != 0x27)
-        return false;
-    } else if (pos == 3) {  // NOLINT(bugprone-branch-clone)
-      // frame header
-      if (byte != 0x00)
-        return false;
-    } else if (pos == 4) {
-      // frame type
-      if (byte == DAIKIN_FRAME_TYPE_COMFORT) {
-        frame_size = DAIKIN_COMFORT_FRAME_SIZE;
-      } else if (byte != DAIKIN_FRAME_TYPE_STATE) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    }
+  if (frame[DAIKIN_FRAME_TYPE_INDEX] == DAIKIN_FRAME_TYPE_COMFORT) {
+    frame_size = DAIKIN_COMFORT_FRAME_SIZE;
+  } else if (frame[DAIKIN_FRAME_TYPE_INDEX] != DAIKIN_FRAME_TYPE_STATE) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (!data.expect_bytes<DAIKIN_BIT_TIMINGS>(frame + DAIKIN_FRAME_HEADER_SIZE, frame_size - DAIKIN_FRAME_HEADER_SIZE)) {
+    return false;
   }
   if (frame[frame_size - 1] != sum_bytes(frame, frame_size - 1)) {
     return false;

esphome/components/daikin/daikin.h

@@ -45,6 +45,8 @@ const uint32_t DAIKIN_HEADER_SPACE = 1760;
 const uint32_t DAIKIN_BIT_MARK = 520;
 const uint32_t DAIKIN_ONE_SPACE = 1370;
 const uint32_t DAIKIN_ZERO_SPACE = 360;
+static constexpr remote_base::BitTimings DAIKIN_BIT_TIMINGS{
+    .bit_mark = DAIKIN_BIT_MARK, .one_space = DAIKIN_ONE_SPACE, .zero_space = DAIKIN_ZERO_SPACE};
 const uint32_t DAIKIN_MESSAGE_SPACE = 32300;
 
 // Frame types (byte 4) and sizes

esphome/components/daikin_arc/daikin_arc.cpp

@@ -39,13 +39,7 @@ void DaikinArcClimate::transmit_query_() {
   data->mark(DAIKIN_HEADER_MARK);
   data->space(DAIKIN_HEADER_SPACE);
 
-  for (uint8_t i : remote_header) {
-    for (uint8_t mask = 1; mask > 0; mask <<= 1) {  // iterate through bit mask
-      data->mark(DAIKIN_BIT_MARK);
-      bool bit = i & mask;
-      data->space(bit ? DAIKIN_ONE_SPACE : DAIKIN_ZERO_SPACE);
-    }
-  }
+  data->item_bytes<DAIKIN_BIT_TIMINGS>(remote_header, sizeof(remote_header));
   data->mark(DAIKIN_BIT_MARK);
   data->space(0);
 
@@ -119,26 +113,14 @@ void DaikinArcClimate::transmit_state() {
   data->mark(DAIKIN_HEADER_MARK);
   data->space(DAIKIN_HEADER_SPACE);
 
-  for (uint8_t i : remote_header) {
-    for (uint8_t mask = 1; mask > 0; mask <<= 1) {  // iterate through bit mask
-      data->mark(DAIKIN_BIT_MARK);
-      bool bit = i & mask;
-      data->space(bit ? DAIKIN_ONE_SPACE : DAIKIN_ZERO_SPACE);
-    }
-  }
+  data->item_bytes<DAIKIN_BIT_TIMINGS>(remote_header, sizeof(remote_header));
   data->mark(DAIKIN_BIT_MARK);
   data->space(DAIKIN_MESSAGE_SPACE);
 
   data->mark(DAIKIN_HEADER_MARK);
   data->space(DAIKIN_HEADER_SPACE);
 
-  for (uint8_t i : remote_state) {
-    for (uint8_t mask = 1; mask > 0; mask <<= 1) {  // iterate through bit mask
-      data->mark(DAIKIN_BIT_MARK);
-      bool bit = i & mask;
-      data->space(bit ? DAIKIN_ONE_SPACE : DAIKIN_ZERO_SPACE);
-    }
-  }
+  data->item_bytes<DAIKIN_BIT_TIMINGS>(remote_state, sizeof(remote_state));
   data->mark(DAIKIN_BIT_MARK);
   data->space(0);
 
@@ -339,7 +321,7 @@ bool DaikinArcClimate::parse_state_frame_(const uint8_t frame[]) {
 }
 
 bool DaikinArcClimate::on_receive(remote_base::RemoteReceiveData data) {
-  uint8_t state_frame[DAIKIN_STATE_FRAME_SIZE] = {};
+  uint8_t state_frame[DAIKIN_STATE_FRAME_SIZE];
 
   bool valid_daikin_frame = false;
   if (data.expect_item(DAIKIN_HEADER_MARK, DAIKIN_HEADER_SPACE)) {
@@ -418,16 +400,11 @@ bool DaikinArcClimate::on_receive(remote_base::RemoteReceiveData data) {
   }
 
   for (uint8_t pos = 0; pos < DAIKIN_STATE_FRAME_SIZE; pos++) {
-    uint8_t byte = 0;
-    for (int8_t bit = 0; bit < 8; bit++) {
-      if (data.expect_item(DAIKIN_BIT_MARK, DAIKIN_ONE_SPACE)) {
-        byte |= 1 << bit;
-      } else if (!data.expect_item(DAIKIN_BIT_MARK, DAIKIN_ZERO_SPACE)) {
-        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "non daikin_arc expect item pos: %d", pos);
-        return false;
-      }
+    if (!data.expect_bytes<DAIKIN_BIT_TIMINGS>(&state_frame[pos], 1)) {
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "non daikin_arc expect item pos: %d", pos);
+      return false;
     }
-    state_frame[pos] = byte;
+    const uint8_t byte = state_frame[pos];
     if (pos == 0) {
       // frame header
       if (byte != 0x11) {

esphome/components/daikin_arc/daikin_arc.h

@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ const uint32_t DAIKIN_HEADER_SPACE = 1760;
 const uint32_t DAIKIN_BIT_MARK = 400;
 const uint32_t DAIKIN_ONE_SPACE = 1300;
 const uint32_t DAIKIN_ZERO_SPACE = 480;
+static constexpr remote_base::BitTimings DAIKIN_BIT_TIMINGS{
+    .bit_mark = DAIKIN_BIT_MARK, .one_space = DAIKIN_ONE_SPACE, .zero_space = DAIKIN_ZERO_SPACE};
 const uint32_t DAIKIN_MESSAGE_SPACE = 35000;
 
 const uint8_t DAIKIN_DBG_TOLERANCE = 25;

esphome/components/daikin_brc/daikin_brc.cpp

@@ -6,6 +6,12 @@ namespace esphome::daikin_brc {
 
 ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "daikin_brc.climate");
 
+static constexpr uint8_t DAIKIN_BRC_HEADER_BYTE0 = 0x11;
+static constexpr uint8_t DAIKIN_BRC_HEADER_BYTE1 = 0xDA;
+static constexpr uint8_t DAIKIN_BRC_HEADER_BYTE2 = 0x17;
+static constexpr uint8_t DAIKIN_BRC_HEADER_BYTE3 = 0x18;
+static constexpr uint8_t DAIKIN_BRC_FRAME_TYPE_STATE = 0x00;
+
 void DaikinBrcClimate::control(const climate::ClimateCall &call) {
   this->mode_button_ = 0x00;
   if (call.get_mode().has_value()) {
@@ -42,25 +48,14 @@ void DaikinBrcClimate::transmit_state() {
 
   data->mark(DAIKIN_BRC_HEADER_MARK);
   data->space(DAIKIN_BRC_HEADER_SPACE);
-  for (int i = 0; i < DAIKIN_BRC_PREAMBLE_SIZE; i++) {
-    for (uint8_t mask = 1; mask > 0; mask <<= 1) {  // iterate through bit mask
-      data->mark(DAIKIN_BRC_BIT_MARK);
-      bool bit = remote_state[i] & mask;
-      data->space(bit ? DAIKIN_BRC_ONE_SPACE : DAIKIN_BRC_ZERO_SPACE);
-    }
-  }
+  data->item_bytes<DAIKIN_BRC_BIT_TIMINGS>(remote_state, DAIKIN_BRC_PREAMBLE_SIZE);
   data->mark(DAIKIN_BRC_BIT_MARK);
   data->space(DAIKIN_BRC_MESSAGE_SPACE);
   data->mark(DAIKIN_BRC_HEADER_MARK);
   data->space(DAIKIN_BRC_HEADER_SPACE);
 
-  for (int i = DAIKIN_BRC_PREAMBLE_SIZE; i < DAIKIN_BRC_TRANSMIT_FRAME_SIZE; i++) {
-    for (uint8_t mask = 1; mask > 0; mask <<= 1) {  // iterate through bit mask
-      data->mark(DAIKIN_BRC_BIT_MARK);
-      bool bit = remote_state[i] & mask;
-      data->space(bit ? DAIKIN_BRC_ONE_SPACE : DAIKIN_BRC_ZERO_SPACE);
-    }
-  }
+  data->item_bytes<DAIKIN_BRC_BIT_TIMINGS>(remote_state + DAIKIN_BRC_PREAMBLE_SIZE,
+                                           DAIKIN_BRC_TRANSMIT_FRAME_SIZE - DAIKIN_BRC_PREAMBLE_SIZE);
 
   data->mark(DAIKIN_BRC_BIT_MARK);
   data->space(0);
@@ -232,41 +227,16 @@ bool DaikinBrcClimate::parse_state_frame_(const uint8_t frame[]) {
 }
 
 bool DaikinBrcClimate::on_receive(remote_base::RemoteReceiveData data) {
-  uint8_t state_frame[DAIKIN_BRC_STATE_FRAME_SIZE] = {};
+  uint8_t state_frame[DAIKIN_BRC_STATE_FRAME_SIZE];
   if (!data.expect_item(DAIKIN_BRC_HEADER_MARK, DAIKIN_BRC_HEADER_SPACE)) {
     return false;
   }
-  for (uint8_t pos = 0; pos < DAIKIN_BRC_STATE_FRAME_SIZE; pos++) {
-    uint8_t byte = 0;
-    for (int8_t bit = 0; bit < 8; bit++) {
-      if (data.expect_item(DAIKIN_BRC_BIT_MARK, DAIKIN_BRC_ONE_SPACE)) {
-        byte |= 1 << bit;
-      } else if (!data.expect_item(DAIKIN_BRC_BIT_MARK, DAIKIN_BRC_ZERO_SPACE)) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    }
-    state_frame[pos] = byte;
-    if (pos == 0) {
-      // frame header
-      if (byte != 0x11)
-        return false;
-    } else if (pos == 1) {
-      // frame header
-      if (byte != 0xDA)
-        return false;
-    } else if (pos == 2) {
-      // frame header
-      if (byte != 0x17)
-        return false;
-    } else if (pos == 3) {
-      // frame header, with this unit's address in the low 3 bits
-      if (byte != (0x18 | this->sub_unit_))
-        return false;
-    } else if (pos == 4) {
-      // frame type
-      if (byte != 0x00)
-        return false;
-    }
+  // Frame header, with this unit's address in the low 3 bits of byte 3, then the frame type
+  if (!data.expect_bytes<DAIKIN_BRC_BIT_TIMINGS>(state_frame, DAIKIN_BRC_STATE_FRAME_SIZE) ||
+      state_frame[0] != DAIKIN_BRC_HEADER_BYTE0 || state_frame[1] != DAIKIN_BRC_HEADER_BYTE1 ||
+      state_frame[2] != DAIKIN_BRC_HEADER_BYTE2 || state_frame[3] != (DAIKIN_BRC_HEADER_BYTE3 | this->sub_unit_) ||
+      state_frame[4] != DAIKIN_BRC_FRAME_TYPE_STATE) {
+    return false;
   }
   return this->parse_state_frame_(state_frame);
 }

esphome/components/daikin_brc/daikin_brc.h

@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ const uint32_t DAIKIN_BRC_IR_FREQUENCY = 38000;
 const uint32_t DAIKIN_BRC_HEADER_MARK = 5070;
 const uint32_t DAIKIN_BRC_HEADER_SPACE = 2140;
 const uint32_t DAIKIN_BRC_BIT_MARK = 370;
-const uint32_t DAIKIN_BRC_ONE_SPACE = 1780;
-const uint32_t DAIKIN_BRC_ZERO_SPACE = 710;
+static constexpr remote_base::BitTimings DAIKIN_BRC_BIT_TIMINGS{
+    .bit_mark = DAIKIN_BRC_BIT_MARK, .one_space = 1780, .zero_space = 710};
 const uint32_t DAIKIN_BRC_MESSAGE_SPACE = 29410;
 
 const uint8_t DAIKIN_BRC_IR_DRY_FAN_TEMP_F = 72;            // Dry/Fan mode is always 17 Celsius.

esphome/components/deep_sleep/__init__.py

@@ -364,8 +364,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
-    if CONF_SLEEP_DURATION in config:
-        cg.add(var.set_sleep_duration(config[CONF_SLEEP_DURATION]))
+    cg.add_optional(var.set_sleep_duration, config.get(CONF_SLEEP_DURATION))
     if (wakeup_pins := config.get(CONF_WAKEUP_PIN)) is not None:
         if CORE.is_bk72xx:
             cg.add(var.init_wakeup_pins(len(wakeup_pins)))
@@ -380,8 +379,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
                 )
         else:
             await cg.add_pin(var.set_wakeup_pin, wakeup_pins[0][CONF_PIN])
-    if CONF_WAKEUP_PIN_MODE in config:
-        cg.add(var.set_wakeup_pin_mode(config[CONF_WAKEUP_PIN_MODE]))
+    cg.add_optional(var.set_wakeup_pin_mode, config.get(CONF_WAKEUP_PIN_MODE))
     if CONF_RUN_DURATION in config:
         run_duration_config = config[CONF_RUN_DURATION]
         if not isinstance(run_duration_config, dict):
@@ -427,8 +425,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         await automation.build_automation(trigger, [(WakeupCause, "cause")], wake_conf)
         cg.add_define("USE_DEEP_SLEEP_ON_WAKE")
 
-    if CONF_TOUCH_WAKEUP in config:
-        cg.add(var.set_touch_wakeup(config[CONF_TOUCH_WAKEUP]))
+    cg.add_optional(var.set_touch_wakeup, config.get(CONF_TOUCH_WAKEUP))
     if CORE.using_zephyr:
         # Devices are suspended when CPU is entering a low power state
         # https://github.com/nrfconnect/sdk-zephyr/blob/v3.7.99-ncs2-2/doc/services/pm/device.rst#system-managed-device-power-management

esphome/components/delonghi/delonghi.cpp

@@ -23,13 +23,7 @@ void DelonghiClimate::transmit_state() {
 
   data->mark(DELONGHI_HEADER_MARK);
   data->space(DELONGHI_HEADER_SPACE);
-  for (unsigned char b : remote_state) {
-    for (uint8_t mask = 1; mask > 0; mask <<= 1) {  // iterate through bit mask
-      data->mark(DELONGHI_BIT_MARK);
-      bool bit = b & mask;
-      data->space(bit ? DELONGHI_ONE_SPACE : DELONGHI_ZERO_SPACE);
-    }
-  }
+  data->item_bytes<DELONGHI_BIT_TIMINGS>(remote_state, DELONGHI_STATE_FRAME_SIZE);
   data->mark(DELONGHI_BIT_MARK);
   data->space(0);
 
@@ -155,27 +149,13 @@ bool DelonghiClimate::parse_state_frame_(const uint8_t frame[]) {
 }
 
 bool DelonghiClimate::on_receive(remote_base::RemoteReceiveData data) {
-  uint8_t state_frame[DELONGHI_STATE_FRAME_SIZE] = {};
+  uint8_t state_frame[DELONGHI_STATE_FRAME_SIZE];
   if (!data.expect_item(DELONGHI_HEADER_MARK, DELONGHI_HEADER_SPACE)) {
     return false;
   }
-  for (uint8_t pos = 0; pos < DELONGHI_STATE_FRAME_SIZE; pos++) {
-    uint8_t byte = 0;
-    for (int8_t bit = 0; bit < 8; bit++) {
-      if (data.expect_item(DELONGHI_BIT_MARK, DELONGHI_ONE_SPACE)) {
-        byte |= 1 << bit;
-      } else if (!data.expect_item(DELONGHI_BIT_MARK, DELONGHI_ZERO_SPACE)) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    }
-    state_frame[pos] = byte;
-    if (pos == 0) {
-      // frame header
-      if (byte != DELONGHI_ADDRESS) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    }
-  }
+  if (!data.expect_bytes<DELONGHI_BIT_TIMINGS>(state_frame, DELONGHI_STATE_FRAME_SIZE) ||
+      state_frame[0] != DELONGHI_ADDRESS)
+    return false;
   return this->parse_state_frame_(state_frame);
 }
 

esphome/components/delonghi/delonghi.h

@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ const uint32_t DELONGHI_IR_FREQUENCY = 38000;
 const uint32_t DELONGHI_HEADER_MARK = 9000;
 const uint32_t DELONGHI_HEADER_SPACE = 4500;
 const uint32_t DELONGHI_BIT_MARK = 465;
-const uint32_t DELONGHI_ONE_SPACE = 1750;
-const uint32_t DELONGHI_ZERO_SPACE = 670;
+static constexpr remote_base::BitTimings DELONGHI_BIT_TIMINGS{
+    .bit_mark = DELONGHI_BIT_MARK, .one_space = 1750, .zero_space = 670};
 
 // State Frame size
 const uint8_t DELONGHI_STATE_FRAME_SIZE = 8;

esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0609/select/__init__.py

@@ -5,15 +5,13 @@ import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG, ICON_SCALE
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-from .. import CONF_DFROBOT_SEN0609_ID, DFRobotSEN0609Component, dfrobot_sen0609_ns
-
-OutPinLevelSelect = dfrobot_sen0609_ns.class_("OutPinLevelSelect", select.Select)
+from .. import CONF_DFROBOT_SEN0609_ID, DFRobotSEN0609Component
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
     cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(cg.EntityBase),
     cv.GenerateID(CONF_DFROBOT_SEN0609_ID): cv.use_id(DFRobotSEN0609Component),
     cv.Optional(CONF_OUT_PIN_LEVEL): select.select_schema(
-        OutPinLevelSelect,
+        select.ApplySelect,
         entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
         icon=ICON_SCALE,
     ),
@@ -25,5 +23,8 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     selects = select.sub_selects(config, parent=hub)
     # The level the OUT pin has while a target is present; the index is the module's value
     await selects(
-        CONF_OUT_PIN_LEVEL, hub.set_out_pin_level_select, options=["low", "high"]
+        CONF_OUT_PIN_LEVEL,
+        hub.set_out_pin_level_select,
+        options=["low", "high"],
+        apply="control_out_pin_level(index)",
     )

esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0609/select/dfrobot_sen0609_select.h

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "esphome/components/select/select.h"
-#include "../dfrobot_sen0609.h"
-
-namespace esphome::dfrobot_sen0609 {
-
-class OutPinLevelSelect final : public select::Select, public Parented<DFRobotSEN0609Component> {
- public:
-  // User provided, not "= default": `new(p) OutPinLevelSelect()` would zero-fill .bss that is already zero.
-  OutPinLevelSelect() {}
-
- protected:
-  void control(size_t index) override { this->parent_->control_out_pin_level(index); }
-};
-
-}  // namespace esphome::dfrobot_sen0609

esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0609/switch/__init__.py

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ from .. import (
     final_validate_mode,
 )
 
-DFRobotSEN0609Switch = dfrobot_sen0609_ns.class_("DFRobotSEN0609Switch", switch.Switch)
 SwitchSetting = dfrobot_sen0609_ns.enum("SwitchSetting")
 
 CONF_MICRO_MOTION = "micro_motion"
@@ -29,7 +28,7 @@ CONF_RUN_LED = "run_led"
 def _led() -> cv.Schema:
     # The module forgets the LED state at power off, so it is restored from here
     return switch.switch_schema(
-        DFRobotSEN0609Switch,
+        switch.ApplySwitch,
         default_restore_mode="RESTORE_DEFAULT_ON",
         device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_SWITCH,
         entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
@@ -41,7 +40,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
     cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(cg.EntityBase),
     cv.GenerateID(CONF_DFROBOT_SEN0609_ID): cv.use_id(DFRobotSEN0609Component),
     cv.Optional(CONF_MICRO_MOTION): switch.switch_schema(
-        DFRobotSEN0609Switch,
+        switch.ApplySwitch,
         device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_SWITCH,
         entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
         icon=ICON_MOTION_SENSOR,
@@ -64,5 +63,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         (CONF_OUT_LED, SwitchSetting.SWITCH_OUT_LED),
     ):
         await switches(
-            key, lambda s, setting=setting: hub.set_switch(setting, s), setting
+            key,
+            lambda s, setting=setting: hub.set_switch(setting, s),
+            apply=f"control_switch({setting}, state)",
         )

esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0609/switch/dfrobot_sen0609_switch.h

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "esphome/components/switch/switch.h"
-#include "../dfrobot_sen0609.h"
-
-namespace esphome::dfrobot_sen0609 {
-
-class DFRobotSEN0609Switch final : public switch_::Switch, public Parented<DFRobotSEN0609Component> {
- public:
-  explicit DFRobotSEN0609Switch(SwitchSetting setting) : setting_(setting) {}
-
- protected:
-  void write_state(bool state) override { this->parent_->control_switch(this->setting_, state); }
-
-  SwitchSetting setting_;
-};
-
-}  // namespace esphome::dfrobot_sen0609

esphome/components/display_menu_base/__init__.py

@@ -277,8 +277,7 @@ async def menu_item_to_code(menu, config, parent):
     if CONF_ITEMS in config:
         for c in config[CONF_ITEMS]:
             await menu_item_to_code(menu, c, item)
-    if CONF_IMMEDIATE_EDIT in config:
-        cg.add(item.set_immediate_edit(config[CONF_IMMEDIATE_EDIT]))
+    cg.add_optional(item.set_immediate_edit, config.get(CONF_IMMEDIATE_EDIT))
     if config[CONF_TYPE] == CONF_SELECT:
         await cg.add_variable(item.set_select_variable, config[CONF_SELECT])
     if config[CONF_TYPE] == CONF_NUMBER:

esphome/components/ds248x/__init__.py

@@ -91,20 +91,13 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add(var.set_active_pullup(config[CONF_ACTIVE_PULLUP]))
     cg.add(var.set_channel_count(get_channel_count(config)))
 
-    if CONF_BUS_SLEEP in config:
-        cg.add(var.set_bus_sleep(config[CONF_BUS_SLEEP]))
-    if CONF_HUB_SLEEP in config:
-        cg.add(var.set_hub_sleep(config[CONF_HUB_SLEEP]))
+    cg.add_optional(var.set_bus_sleep, config.get(CONF_BUS_SLEEP))
+    cg.add_optional(var.set_hub_sleep, config.get(CONF_HUB_SLEEP))
 
-    if CONF_RESET_LOW_TIME in config:
-        cg.add(var.set_val_trstl(config[CONF_RESET_LOW_TIME]))
-    if CONF_MASTER_SAMPLE_TIME in config:
-        cg.add(var.set_val_tmsp(config[CONF_MASTER_SAMPLE_TIME]))
-    if CONF_WRITE_0_LOW_TIME in config:
-        cg.add(var.set_val_tw0l(config[CONF_WRITE_0_LOW_TIME]))
-    if CONF_RECOVERY_TIME in config:
-        cg.add(var.set_val_trec0(config[CONF_RECOVERY_TIME]))
-    if CONF_ACTIVE_PULLUP_RESISTANCE in config:
-        cg.add(var.set_val_rwpu(config[CONF_ACTIVE_PULLUP_RESISTANCE]))
+    cg.add_optional(var.set_val_trstl, config.get(CONF_RESET_LOW_TIME))
+    cg.add_optional(var.set_val_tmsp, config.get(CONF_MASTER_SAMPLE_TIME))
+    cg.add_optional(var.set_val_tw0l, config.get(CONF_WRITE_0_LOW_TIME))
+    cg.add_optional(var.set_val_trec0, config.get(CONF_RECOVERY_TIME))
+    cg.add_optional(var.set_val_rwpu, config.get(CONF_ACTIVE_PULLUP_RESISTANCE))
 
     await cg.add_pin(var.set_sleep_pin, config.get(CONF_SLEEP_PIN))

esphome/components/endstop/cover.py

@@ -55,5 +55,4 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         var.get_close_trigger(), [], config[CONF_CLOSE_ACTION]
     )
 
-    if CONF_MAX_DURATION in config:
-        cg.add(var.set_max_duration(config[CONF_MAX_DURATION]))
+    cg.add_optional(var.set_max_duration, config.get(CONF_MAX_DURATION))

esphome/components/epaper_spi/display.py

@@ -252,8 +252,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         enable = [await cg.gpio_pin_expression(pin) for pin in enable_pin]
         cg.add(var.set_enable_pins(enable))
     cg.add(var.set_full_update_every(config[CONF_FULL_UPDATE_EVERY]))
-    if CONF_RESET_DURATION in config:
-        cg.add(var.set_reset_duration(config[CONF_RESET_DURATION]))
+    cg.add_optional(var.set_reset_duration, config.get(CONF_RESET_DURATION))
     if transform := config.get(CONF_TRANSFORM):
         transform[CONF_SWAP_XY] = False
     else:

esphome/components/esp32/gpio.py

@@ -265,8 +265,7 @@ async def esp32_pin_to_code(config):
     # (inverted bit in pin_flags_ bitfield is zero-initialized to false)
     if config[CONF_INVERTED]:
         cg.add(var.set_inverted(True))
-    if CONF_DRIVE_STRENGTH in config:
-        cg.add(var.set_drive_strength(config[CONF_DRIVE_STRENGTH]))
+    cg.add_optional(var.set_drive_strength, config.get(CONF_DRIVE_STRENGTH))
     flags = pins.gpio_flags_expr(config[CONF_MODE])
     if config[CONF_HOLD_STATE]:
         flags = flags | cg.gpio_Flags.FLAG_HOLD

esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py

@@ -535,16 +535,12 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     ):
         cg.add_define("ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_EXTENDED_AUTH_PARAMS", None)
 
-    if CONF_AUTH_REQ_MODE in config:
-        cg.add(var.set_auth_req(config[CONF_AUTH_REQ_MODE]))
-    if CONF_MAX_KEY_SIZE in config:
-        cg.add(var.set_max_key_size(config[CONF_MAX_KEY_SIZE]))
-    if CONF_MIN_KEY_SIZE in config:
-        cg.add(var.set_min_key_size(config[CONF_MIN_KEY_SIZE]))
+    cg.add_optional(var.set_auth_req, config.get(CONF_AUTH_REQ_MODE))
+    cg.add_optional(var.set_max_key_size, config.get(CONF_MAX_KEY_SIZE))
+    cg.add_optional(var.set_min_key_size, config.get(CONF_MIN_KEY_SIZE))
 
     cg.add(var.set_advertising_cycle_time(config[CONF_ADVERTISING_CYCLE_TIME]))
-    if (name := config.get(CONF_NAME)) is not None:
-        cg.add(var.set_name(name))
+    cg.add_optional(var.set_name, config.get(CONF_NAME))
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
     # Define max connections for use in C++ code (e.g., ble_server.h)

esphome/components/esp32_ble_beacon/__init__.py

@@ -83,8 +83,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add(var.set_measured_power(config[CONF_MEASURED_POWER]))
 
     # TX power control only available on native Bluetooth (not ESP-Hosted)
-    if CONF_TX_POWER in config:
-        cg.add(var.set_tx_power(config[CONF_TX_POWER]))
+    cg.add_optional(var.set_tx_power, config.get(CONF_TX_POWER))
 
     cg.add_define("USE_ESP32_BLE_ADVERTISING")
 

esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/__init__.py

@@ -647,8 +647,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             )
         )
     )
-    if CONF_MANUFACTURER_DATA in config:
-        cg.add(var.set_manufacturer_data(config[CONF_MANUFACTURER_DATA]))
+    cg.add_optional(var.set_manufacturer_data, config.get(CONF_MANUFACTURER_DATA))
     for service_config in config[CONF_SERVICES]:
         # Calculate the optimal number of handles based on the number of characteristics and descriptors
         num_handles = calculate_num_handles(service_config)

esphome/components/esp32_can/canbus.py

@@ -157,10 +157,8 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add(var.set_rx(config[CONF_RX_PIN]))
     cg.add(var.set_tx(config[CONF_TX_PIN]))
     cg.add(var.set_mode(config[CONF_MODE]))
-    if (rx_queue_len := config.get(CONF_RX_QUEUE_LEN)) is not None:
-        cg.add(var.set_rx_queue_len(rx_queue_len))
-    if (tx_queue_len := config.get(CONF_TX_QUEUE_LEN)) is not None:
-        cg.add(var.set_tx_queue_len(tx_queue_len))
+    cg.add_optional(var.set_rx_queue_len, config.get(CONF_RX_QUEUE_LEN))
+    cg.add_optional(var.set_tx_queue_len, config.get(CONF_TX_QUEUE_LEN))
 
     if CONF_TX_ENQUEUE_TIMEOUT in config:
         tx_enqueue_timeout_ms = config[CONF_TX_ENQUEUE_TIMEOUT].total_milliseconds

esphome/components/esp32_power_management/power_management.py

@@ -170,10 +170,8 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     await power_management.register_power_management(var, config)
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_PM_ENABLE", True)
 
-    if (max_mhz := config.get(CONF_MAX_FREQUENCY)) is not None:
-        cg.add(var.set_max_freq_mhz(max_mhz))
-    if (min_mhz := config.get(CONF_MIN_FREQUENCY)) is not None:
-        cg.add(var.set_min_freq_mhz(min_mhz))
+    cg.add_optional(var.set_max_freq_mhz, config.get(CONF_MAX_FREQUENCY))
+    cg.add_optional(var.set_min_freq_mhz, config.get(CONF_MIN_FREQUENCY))
     if config[CONF_PROFILING]:
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_PM_PROFILING", True)
     if config[CONF_TRACE]:

esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/light.py

@@ -137,8 +137,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if config[CONF_PIN][CONF_INVERTED]:
         cg.add(var.set_inverted(True))
 
-    if CONF_MAX_REFRESH_RATE in config:
-        cg.add(var.set_max_refresh_rate(config[CONF_MAX_REFRESH_RATE]))
+    cg.add_optional(var.set_max_refresh_rate, config.get(CONF_MAX_REFRESH_RATE))
 
     if CONF_CHIPSET in config:
         chipset = CHIPSETS[config[CONF_CHIPSET]]
@@ -169,5 +168,4 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     )
     cg.add(var.set_use_psram(config[CONF_USE_PSRAM]))
     cg.add(var.set_rmt_symbols(config[CONF_RMT_SYMBOLS]))
-    if CONF_USE_DMA in config:
-        cg.add(var.set_use_dma(config[CONF_USE_DMA]))
+    cg.add_optional(var.set_use_dma, config.get(CONF_USE_DMA))

esphome/components/esp32_touch/__init__.py

@@ -366,20 +366,13 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         cg.add(touch.set_iir_filter(config[CONF_IIR_FILTER]))
 
     if variant in (VARIANT_ESP32S2, VARIANT_ESP32S3, VARIANT_ESP32P4):
-        if CONF_FILTER_MODE in config:
-            cg.add(touch.set_filter_mode(config[CONF_FILTER_MODE]))
-        if CONF_DEBOUNCE_COUNT in config:
-            cg.add(touch.set_debounce_count(config[CONF_DEBOUNCE_COUNT]))
-        if CONF_NOISE_THRESHOLD in config:
-            cg.add(touch.set_noise_threshold(config[CONF_NOISE_THRESHOLD]))
-        if CONF_JITTER_STEP in config:
-            cg.add(touch.set_jitter_step(config[CONF_JITTER_STEP]))
-        if CONF_SMOOTH_MODE in config:
-            cg.add(touch.set_smooth_level(config[CONF_SMOOTH_MODE]))
-        if CONF_DENOISE_GRADE in config:
-            cg.add(touch.set_denoise_grade(config[CONF_DENOISE_GRADE]))
-        if CONF_DENOISE_CAP_LEVEL in config:
-            cg.add(touch.set_denoise_cap(config[CONF_DENOISE_CAP_LEVEL]))
+        cg.add_optional(touch.set_filter_mode, config.get(CONF_FILTER_MODE))
+        cg.add_optional(touch.set_debounce_count, config.get(CONF_DEBOUNCE_COUNT))
+        cg.add_optional(touch.set_noise_threshold, config.get(CONF_NOISE_THRESHOLD))
+        cg.add_optional(touch.set_jitter_step, config.get(CONF_JITTER_STEP))
+        cg.add_optional(touch.set_smooth_level, config.get(CONF_SMOOTH_MODE))
+        cg.add_optional(touch.set_denoise_grade, config.get(CONF_DENOISE_GRADE))
+        cg.add_optional(touch.set_denoise_cap, config.get(CONF_DENOISE_CAP_LEVEL))
         if CONF_WATERPROOF_GUARD_RING in config:
             cg.add(
                 touch.set_waterproof_guard_ring_pad(config[CONF_WATERPROOF_GUARD_RING])

esphome/components/espectre/__init__.py

@@ -151,10 +151,8 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         cg.add(var.set_traffic_generator_target_ip(target_ip))
     if (group := config.get(CONF_CSI_TRAFFIC_MULTICAST_GROUP)) is not None:
         cg.add(var.set_csi_traffic_multicast_group(group))
-    if (on_hits := config.get(CONF_MOTION_ON_HITS)) is not None:
-        cg.add(var.set_motion_on_hits(on_hits))
-    if (off_hits := config.get(CONF_MOTION_OFF_HITS)) is not None:
-        cg.add(var.set_motion_off_hits(off_hits))
+    cg.add_optional(var.set_motion_on_hits, config.get(CONF_MOTION_ON_HITS))
+    cg.add_optional(var.set_motion_off_hits, config.get(CONF_MOTION_OFF_HITS))
     if esp32.get_esp32_variant() == VARIANT_ESP32C5:
         band = CORE.config[WIFI_DOMAIN].get(wifi.CONF_BAND_MODE, "AUTO")
         cg.add(

esphome/components/ethernet/__init__.py

@@ -724,8 +724,7 @@ async def _to_code_esp32(var: cg.MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
             cg.add(var.set_polling_interval(config[CONF_POLLING_INTERVAL]))
         if _is_framework_spi_polling_mode_supported():
             cg.add_define("USE_ETHERNET_SPI_POLLING_SUPPORT")
-        if CONF_RESET_PIN in config:
-            cg.add(var.set_reset_pin(config[CONF_RESET_PIN]))
+        cg.add_optional(var.set_reset_pin, config.get(CONF_RESET_PIN))
         cg.add(var.set_clock_speed(config[CONF_CLOCK_SPEED]))
 
         cg.add_define("USE_ETHERNET_SPI")
@@ -746,8 +745,7 @@ async def _to_code_esp32(var: cg.MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     elif config[CONF_TYPE] in ("GENERIC", "YT8531"):
         # RGMII data pins come from the IDF default config; set MDC/MDIO + PHY addr.
         _add_mdio_setters(var, config)
-        if CONF_POWER_PIN in config:
-            cg.add(var.set_power_pin(config[CONF_POWER_PIN]))
+        cg.add_optional(var.set_power_pin, config.get(CONF_POWER_PIN))
         _add_phy_registers(var, config)
     else:
         _add_mdio_setters(var, config)
@@ -755,8 +753,7 @@ async def _to_code_esp32(var: cg.MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
             cg.add(var.set_clk_mode(clk_mode))
         if (clk_pin := config[CONF_CLK][CONF_PIN]) != DEFAULT_CLK_PIN:
             cg.add(var.set_clk_pin(clk_pin))
-        if CONF_POWER_PIN in config:
-            cg.add(var.set_power_pin(config[CONF_POWER_PIN]))
+        cg.add_optional(var.set_power_pin, config.get(CONF_POWER_PIN))
         _add_phy_registers(var, config)
 
     # Register Ethernet with the esp32 sdkconfig reconciler. It disables the
@@ -782,10 +779,8 @@ async def _to_code_rp2040(var: cg.MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add(var.set_miso_pin(config[CONF_MISO_PIN]))
     cg.add(var.set_mosi_pin(config[CONF_MOSI_PIN]))
     cg.add(var.set_cs_pin(config[CONF_CS_PIN]))
-    if CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN in config:
-        cg.add(var.set_interrupt_pin(config[CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN]))
-    if CONF_RESET_PIN in config:
-        cg.add(var.set_reset_pin(config[CONF_RESET_PIN]))
+    cg.add_optional(var.set_interrupt_pin, config.get(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN))
+    cg.add_optional(var.set_reset_pin, config.get(CONF_RESET_PIN))
 
     cg.add_define("USE_ETHERNET_SPI")
     cg.add_library(_RP2_SPI_LIBRARIES[config[CONF_TYPE]], None)