Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/on-boot-direct-callback' into HEAD

# Conflicts:
#	esphome/cpp_generator.py
#	tests/unit_tests/test_cpp_generator.py

.agents/skills/automations/SKILL.md

@@ -123,17 +123,10 @@ Both live in `esphome/core/helpers.h` and accept `std::function`, lambdas and fo
 their templatized `add()` method. `LazyCallbackManager` is a drop-in replacement for `CallbackManager` that defers allocation until the first
 callback is added. Prefer it for entity-level callbacks where most instances have no subscribers.
 
-A filter that keeps state between calls (timing, edges) still needs no Trigger class: give each automation a
-small object with constant initializers, created from its `CONF_TRIGGER_ID` before the automations are built,
-and let `when` ask it, e.g. `ApplyCall("{}->check(state, {}, {})", ((CONF_TRIGGER_ID, ...), ...))`. An `ID`
-value in an `ApplyCall` is written as `::id`, so a callback parameter cannot hide it. `on_click` in
-`esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py` is the in-tree example; once a second component needs this,
-move the object creation into `CallbackAutomation`.
-
 ## Triggers: Trigger class method
 
-Use `build_automation()` with a `Trigger<Ts...>` subclass only when the state must be set up from the
-parent (in the constructor or in `setup()`), or the trigger needs its own timers.
+Use `build_automation()` with a `Trigger<Ts...>` subclass only when the forwarder needs **mutable state
+beyond a single `Automation*` pointer** (e.g. edge detection tracking previous state, timing logic).
 
 **Python:**
 ```python

esphome/automation.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import logging
 import math
 import re
 import string
+import struct
 from typing import Any
 
 import voluptuous as vol
@@ -2123,6 +2124,17 @@ def _direct_function(
     )
 
 
+def _call_target(
+    plan: list[MockObj | list[_InlineAction]],
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+    config: ConfigType,
+) -> MockObj | str:
+    """What a generated callback calls: the direct function, else ``<automation>->trigger``."""
+    if (target := _direct_function(plan, args, config)) is None:
+        target = parent_ref(_automation_from_plan(plan, args, config)).trigger
+    return target
+
+
 def _when_call(
     when: str | ApplyCall | None, parent: MockObj | None
 ) -> ApplyCall | None:
@@ -2140,6 +2152,40 @@ async def build_automation(
     return await new_automation(args, config, trigger)
 
 
+async def build_component_automation(
+    config: ConfigType, component_class: MockObjClass, priority: float | None = None
+) -> MockObj:
+    """Create and register the Component that runs a no-argument automation.
+
+    That is ``component_class<function[, priority bits]>``, whose function runs the actions
+    directly when they are all inline, else triggers their Automation. A ``trigger_id`` set
+    by hand keeps its Trigger, built with ``priority`` if given.
+    """
+    trigger_id: ID = config[CONF_TRIGGER_ID]
+    if trigger_id.is_manual:
+        var = cg.new_Pvariable(trigger_id, *([] if priority is None else [priority]))
+        await cg.register_component(var, config)
+        await build_automation(var, [], config)
+        return var
+    # Declared and registered before the actions are built, which can wait for other ids
+    name = _apply_function_name(trigger_id)
+    define = cg.declare_static_function(name, cg.void, [])
+    id_ = trigger_id.copy()
+    id_.type = component_class
+    bits = [] if priority is None else [_float_bits(priority)]
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(id_, cg.TemplateArguments(cg.RawExpression(name), *bits))
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    plan = await _build_automation_plan([], config)
+    define([str(cg.statement(CallExpression(_call_target(plan, [], config))))])
+    return var
+
+
+def _float_bits(value: float) -> HexInt:
+    """``value`` as a C++ float's bit pattern, for a template argument."""
+    (bits,) = struct.unpack("<I", struct.pack("<f", value))
+    return HexInt(bits)
+
+
 async def build_trigger_callback(
     args: TemplateArgsType,
     config: ConfigType,
@@ -2173,8 +2219,7 @@ async def _trigger_callback(
     call: ApplyCall | None,
     parent: MockObj | None,
 ) -> LambdaExpression:
-    if (target := _direct_function(plan, args, config)) is None:
-        target = f"{parent_ref(_automation_from_plan(plan, args, config))}->trigger"
+    target = _call_target(plan, args, config)
     statements: list[str] = []
     if call is not None:
         members = call.members

esphome/codegen.py

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ from esphome.cpp_generator import (  # noqa: F401
     add_global,
     add_library,
     add_platformio_option,
+    declare_static_function,
     extern_progmem_array,
     get_variable,
     get_variable_with_full_id,

esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py

@@ -134,8 +134,10 @@ BinarySensorInitiallyOff = binary_sensor_ns.class_(
 BinarySensorPtr = BinarySensor.operator("ptr")
 
 # Triggers
-ClickDetector = binary_sensor_ns.class_("ClickDetector")
-DoubleClickDetector = binary_sensor_ns.class_("DoubleClickDetector")
+ClickTrigger = binary_sensor_ns.class_("ClickTrigger", automation.Trigger.template())
+DoubleClickTrigger = binary_sensor_ns.class_(
+    "DoubleClickTrigger", automation.Trigger.template()
+)
 MultiClickTrigger = binary_sensor_ns.class_(
     "MultiClickTrigger", automation.Trigger.template(), cg.Component
 )
@@ -448,23 +450,6 @@ def validate_click_timing(value):
     return value
 
 
-def _click_automation_schema(detector: MockObjClass) -> cv.All:
-    return cv.All(
-        automation.validate_automation(
-            {
-                cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(detector),
-                cv.Optional(
-                    CONF_MIN_LENGTH, default="50ms"
-                ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
-                cv.Optional(
-                    CONF_MAX_LENGTH, default="350ms"
-                ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
-            }
-        ),
-        validate_click_timing,
-    )
-
-
 def validate_publish_initial_state(value):
     value = cv.boolean(value)
     _LOGGER.warning(
@@ -497,9 +482,35 @@ _BINARY_SENSOR_SCHEMA = (
             ): validate_filters,
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_PRESS): automation.validate_automation({}),
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_RELEASE): automation.validate_automation({}),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_CLICK): _click_automation_schema(ClickDetector),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_DOUBLE_CLICK): _click_automation_schema(
-                DoubleClickDetector
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_CLICK): cv.All(
+                automation.validate_automation(
+                    {
+                        cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(ClickTrigger),
+                        cv.Optional(
+                            CONF_MIN_LENGTH, default="50ms"
+                        ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+                        cv.Optional(
+                            CONF_MAX_LENGTH, default="350ms"
+                        ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+                    }
+                ),
+                validate_click_timing,
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_DOUBLE_CLICK): cv.All(
+                automation.validate_automation(
+                    {
+                        cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(
+                            DoubleClickTrigger
+                        ),
+                        cv.Optional(
+                            CONF_MIN_LENGTH, default="50ms"
+                        ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+                        cv.Optional(
+                            CONF_MAX_LENGTH, default="350ms"
+                        ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+                    }
+                ),
+                validate_click_timing,
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_MULTI_CLICK): automation.validate_automation(
                 {
@@ -553,11 +564,6 @@ def binary_sensor_schema(
     return _BINARY_SENSOR_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
 
 
-_CLICK_DETECTORS = (
-    (CONF_ON_CLICK, ClickDetector),
-    (CONF_ON_DOUBLE_CLICK, DoubleClickDetector),
-)
-
 _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
     automation.CallbackAutomation(
         CONF_ON_PRESS,
@@ -580,40 +586,32 @@ _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
         "add_full_state_callback",
         [(cg.optional.template(bool), "x_previous"), (cg.optional.template(bool), "x")],
     ),
-    *(
-        automation.CallbackAutomation(
-            conf_key,
-            "add_on_state_callback",
-            params=[(bool, "state")],
-            forward=[],
-            when=automation.ApplyCall(
-                "{}->check(state, {}, {})",
-                (
-                    (CONF_TRIGGER_ID, detector.operator("ptr")),
-                    (CONF_MIN_LENGTH, cg.uint32),
-                    (CONF_MAX_LENGTH, cg.uint32),
-                ),
-            ),
-        )
-        for conf_key, detector in _CLICK_DETECTORS
-    ),
 )
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.AUTOMATION)
 async def _build_binary_sensor_automations(var, config):
-    # The detectors must exist before the automations that name them are built
-    if clicks := [c for key, _ in _CLICK_DETECTORS for c in config.get(key, ())]:
-        cg.add_define("USE_BINARY_SENSOR_CLICK_TRIGGER")
-    for conf in clicks:
-        cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID])
     await automation.build_callback_automations(var, config, _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS)
 
+    if config.get(CONF_ON_CLICK) or config.get(CONF_ON_DOUBLE_CLICK):
+        cg.add_define("USE_BINARY_SENSOR_CLICK_TRIGGER")
     if config.get(CONF_ON_MULTI_CLICK):
         cg.add_define("USE_BINARY_SENSOR_MULTI_CLICK_TRIGGER")
     if config.get(CONF_ON_RAW_VALUE):
         cg.add_define("USE_BINARY_SENSOR_RAW_CALLBACK")
 
+    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_CLICK, []):
+        trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(
+            conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var, conf[CONF_MIN_LENGTH], conf[CONF_MAX_LENGTH]
+        )
+        await automation.build_automation(trigger, [], conf)
+
+    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_DOUBLE_CLICK, []):
+        trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(
+            conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var, conf[CONF_MIN_LENGTH], conf[CONF_MAX_LENGTH]
+        )
+        await automation.build_automation(trigger, [], conf)
+
     for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_MULTI_CLICK, []):
         timings = [
             cg.StructInitializer(

esphome/components/binary_sensor/automation.cpp

@@ -136,28 +136,6 @@ bool match_interval(uint32_t min_length, uint32_t max_length, uint32_t length) {
     return length >= min_length && length <= max_length;
   }
 }
-
-bool ClickDetector::check(bool state, uint32_t min_length, uint32_t max_length) {
-  if (state) {
-    this->start_time_ = millis();
-    return false;
-  }
-  return match_interval(min_length, max_length, millis() - this->start_time_);
-}
-
-bool DoubleClickDetector::check(bool state, uint32_t min_length, uint32_t max_length) {
-  const uint32_t now = millis();
-  if (state && this->start_time_ != 0 && this->end_time_ != 0 &&
-      match_interval(min_length, max_length, this->end_time_ - this->start_time_) &&
-      match_interval(min_length, max_length, now - this->end_time_)) {
-    this->start_time_ = 0;
-    this->end_time_ = 0;
-    return true;
-  }
-  this->start_time_ = this->end_time_;
-  this->end_time_ = now;
-  return false;
-}
 #endif  // USE_BINARY_SENSOR_CLICK_TRIGGER
 
 }  // namespace esphome::binary_sensor

esphome/components/binary_sensor/automation.h

@@ -24,25 +24,54 @@ static_assert(std::is_same_v<decltype(MultiClickTriggerEvent::state), uint32_t>
 
 bool match_interval(uint32_t min_length, uint32_t max_length, uint32_t length);
 
-/// Times the presses of one on_click automation.
-class ClickDetector {
+class ClickTrigger final : public Trigger<> {
  public:
-  /// Whether `state` ends a press of min_length to max_length ms; a max_length of 0 means no maximum.
-  bool check(bool state, uint32_t min_length, uint32_t max_length);
+  explicit ClickTrigger(BinarySensor *parent, uint32_t min_length, uint32_t max_length)
+      : min_length_(min_length), max_length_(max_length) {
+    parent->add_on_state_callback([this](bool state) {
+      if (state) {
+        this->start_time_ = millis();
+      } else {
+        const uint32_t length = millis() - this->start_time_;
+        if (match_interval(this->min_length_, this->max_length_, length))
+          this->trigger();
+      }
+    });
+  }
 
  protected:
-  uint32_t start_time_{0};  ///< The millis() time when the press started.
+  uint32_t start_time_{0};  /// The millis() time when the click started.
+  uint32_t min_length_;     /// Minimum length of click. 0 means no minimum.
+  uint32_t max_length_;     /// Maximum length of click. 0 means no maximum.
 };
 
-/// Times the presses of one on_double_click automation.
-class DoubleClickDetector {
+class DoubleClickTrigger final : public Trigger<> {
  public:
-  /// Whether `state` is the second press, with the first press and the gap both in the window.
-  bool check(bool state, uint32_t min_length, uint32_t max_length);
+  explicit DoubleClickTrigger(BinarySensor *parent, uint32_t min_length, uint32_t max_length)
+      : min_length_(min_length), max_length_(max_length) {
+    parent->add_on_state_callback([this](bool state) {
+      const uint32_t now = millis();
+
+      if (state && this->start_time_ != 0 && this->end_time_ != 0) {
+        if (match_interval(this->min_length_, this->max_length_, this->end_time_ - this->start_time_) &&
+            match_interval(this->min_length_, this->max_length_, now - this->end_time_)) {
+          this->trigger();
+          this->start_time_ = 0;
+          this->end_time_ = 0;
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+
+      this->start_time_ = this->end_time_;
+      this->end_time_ = now;
+    });
+  }
 
  protected:
-  uint32_t start_time_{0};  ///< The millis() time of the edge before the last one.
-  uint32_t end_time_{0};    ///< The millis() time of the last edge.
+  uint32_t start_time_{0};
+  uint32_t end_time_{0};
+  uint32_t min_length_;  /// Minimum length of click. 0 means no minimum.
+  uint32_t max_length_;  /// Maximum length of click. 0 means no maximum.
 };
 
 class MultiClickTrigger final : public Trigger<>, public Component {

esphome/core/base_automation.h

@@ -171,6 +171,41 @@ class LoopTrigger : public Trigger<>, public Component {
   float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::DATA; }
 };
 
+/// Component whose setup priority is the float with bit pattern PRIORITY_BITS, since GCC 10 (ESP8266)
+/// has no float template parameters. Templated on the priority only, so each priority has one copy.
+template<uint32_t PRIORITY_BITS> class PriorityComponent : public Component {
+ public:
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return bit_cast<float>(PRIORITY_BITS); }
+};
+
+/// Bit pattern of setup_priority::DATA (600.0f), the Component default.
+static constexpr uint32_t SETUP_PRIORITY_DATA_BITS = 0x44160000;
+// bit_cast is constexpr only where std::bit_cast exists, which GCC 10 (ESP8266) lacks
+#if __cpp_lib_bit_cast >= 201806
+static_assert(bit_cast<uint32_t>(setup_priority::DATA) == SETUP_PRIORITY_DATA_BITS);
+#endif
+
+/// The default priority needs no override.
+template<> class PriorityComponent<SETUP_PRIORITY_DATA_BITS> : public Component {};
+
+/// Calls Fn from setup(), for on_boot.
+template<auto Fn, uint32_t PRIORITY_BITS> class StartupCallback final : public PriorityComponent<PRIORITY_BITS> {
+ public:
+  void setup() override { Fn(); }
+};
+
+/// Calls Fn from on_shutdown(), for on_shutdown.
+template<auto Fn, uint32_t PRIORITY_BITS> class ShutdownCallback final : public PriorityComponent<PRIORITY_BITS> {
+ public:
+  void on_shutdown() override { Fn(); }
+};
+
+/// Calls Fn from loop(), for on_loop.
+template<auto Fn> class LoopCallback final : public Component {
+ public:
+  void loop() override { Fn(); }
+};
+
 #ifdef ESPHOME_PROJECT_NAME
 class ProjectUpdateTrigger : public Trigger<std::string>, public Component {
  public:

esphome/core/config.py

@@ -124,6 +124,9 @@ ShutdownTrigger = cg.esphome_ns.class_(
 LoopTrigger = cg.esphome_ns.class_(
     "LoopTrigger", cg.Component, automation.Trigger.template()
 )
+StartupCallback = cg.esphome_ns.class_("StartupCallback", cg.Component)
+ShutdownCallback = cg.esphome_ns.class_("ShutdownCallback", cg.Component)
+LoopCallback = cg.esphome_ns.class_("LoopCallback", cg.Component)
 ProjectUpdateTrigger = cg.esphome_ns.class_(
     "ProjectUpdateTrigger", cg.Component, automation.Trigger.template(cg.std_string)
 )
@@ -785,20 +788,15 @@ async def _add_environment_variables(env_vars: dict[str, str]) -> None:
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.AUTOMATION)
 async def _add_automations(config):
-    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_BOOT, []):
-        trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], conf.get(CONF_PRIORITY))
-        await cg.register_component(trigger, conf)
-        await automation.build_automation(trigger, [], conf)
-
-    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_SHUTDOWN, []):
-        trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], conf.get(CONF_PRIORITY))
-        await cg.register_component(trigger, conf)
-        await automation.build_automation(trigger, [], conf)
-
-    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_LOOP, []):
-        trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID])
-        await cg.register_component(trigger, conf)
-        await automation.build_automation(trigger, [], conf)
+    for key, component_class in (
+        (CONF_ON_BOOT, StartupCallback),
+        (CONF_ON_SHUTDOWN, ShutdownCallback),
+        (CONF_ON_LOOP, LoopCallback),
+    ):
+        for conf in config.get(key, []):
+            await automation.build_component_automation(
+                conf, component_class, conf.get(CONF_PRIORITY)
+            )
 
 
 # Datetime component has special subtypes that need additional defines

esphome/cpp_generator.py

@@ -883,14 +883,13 @@ def new_Pvariable(id_: ID, *args: SafeExpType) -> "MockObj":
     return Pvariable(id_, rhs)
 
 
-def static_function(
+def declare_static_function(
     name: str,
     return_type: SafeExpType,
     parameters: TemplateArgsType,
-    body: list[str | Statement],
-) -> RawExpression:
-    """Emit ``static <return_type> <name>(parameters) { body }`` at global scope and return an
-    expression naming it, for use as a template argument or a function pointer.
+) -> Callable[[list[str | Statement]], RawExpression]:
+    """Declare ``static <return_type> <name>(parameters)`` now and return the function that
+    emits its body, for a caller that names the function before the body is known.
 
     The declaration goes with the other globals, so a template argument can name the function
     at once; the body goes after the user includes, where every id and everything those
@@ -900,10 +899,24 @@ def static_function(
         f"static {safe_exp(return_type)} {name}({ParameterListExpression(*parameters)})"
     )
     add_global(RawStatement(f"{signature};"))
-    add_global_after_includes(
-        RawStatement(f"{signature} {{\n{indent(chr(10).join(map(str, body)))}\n}}")
-    )
-    return RawExpression(name)
+
+    def define(body: list[str | Statement]) -> RawExpression:
+        add_global_after_includes(
+            RawStatement(f"{signature} {{\n{indent(chr(10).join(map(str, body)))}\n}}")
+        )
+        return RawExpression(name)
+
+    return define
+
+
+def static_function(
+    name: str,
+    return_type: SafeExpType,
+    parameters: TemplateArgsType,
+    body: list[str | Statement],
+) -> RawExpression:
+    """``declare_static_function`` with the body known at once."""
+    return declare_static_function(name, return_type, parameters)(body)
 
 
 @dataclass

tests/component_tests/automation/test_core_automations.py

@@ -30,14 +30,6 @@ def _automation_of(main_cpp: str, trigger: str) -> str:
     return match.group(1)
 
 
-def _has_delay(main_cpp: str, trigger: str) -> bool:
-    automation = _automation_of(main_cpp, trigger)
-    return (
-        re.search(rf"{automation}->add_action\(delayaction_id\w*\);", main_cpp)
-        is not None
-    )
-
-
 def _registered(main_cpp: str) -> list[str]:
     return re.findall(r"App\.register_component_\((\w+), \d+\);", main_cpp)
 
@@ -56,18 +48,59 @@ def test_core_automations_registration_order(main_cpp: str) -> None:
     ]
 
 
+def _function_body(main_cpp: str, name: str) -> str:
+    match = re.search(rf"static void {name}\(\) \{{(.*?)\n\}}\n", main_cpp, re.DOTALL)
+    assert match is not None, name
+    return match.group(1)
+
+
+def _actions_body(main_cpp: str, function: str) -> str:
+    """The body of the function of inline actions that ``function`` calls."""
+    match = re.fullmatch(r"\n  (\w+)\(\);", _function_body(main_cpp, function))
+    assert match is not None, function
+    return _function_body(main_cpp, match.group(1))
+
+
+def _delayed_automation(main_cpp: str, function: str) -> str:
+    """The Automation that ``function`` triggers, checked to hold a delay; found through the
+    function rather than an id counter."""
+    match = re.fullmatch(
+        r"\n  ::(\w+)->trigger\(\);", _function_body(main_cpp, function)
+    )
+    assert match is not None, function
+    automation = match.group(1)
+    assert f"new({automation}) Automation<>();" in main_cpp
+    assert re.search(rf"{automation}->add_action\(delayaction_id\w*\);", main_cpp)
+    return automation
+
+
 def test_on_boot_inline_priorities(main_cpp: str) -> None:
-    """All-inline on_boot blocks keep their configured priority, default 600."""
-    assert _constructed(main_cpp, "startuptrigger_id") == "StartupTrigger(800.0f)"
-    assert _constructed(main_cpp, "startuptrigger_id_2") == "StartupTrigger(600.0f)"
-    _automation_of(main_cpp, "startuptrigger_id")
-    _automation_of(main_cpp, "startuptrigger_id_2")
+    """All-inline on_boot blocks call one function from setup() at their priority, default 600.
+
+    The priority is the float's bit pattern: 0x44480000 is 800.0f, 0x44160000 is 600.0f.
+    """
+    assert _constructed(main_cpp, "startuptrigger_id") == (
+        "StartupCallback<esphome__startuptrigger_id__fn, 0x44480000>()"
+    )
+    assert _constructed(main_cpp, "startuptrigger_id_2") == (
+        "StartupCallback<esphome__startuptrigger_id_2__fn, 0x44160000>()"
+    )
+    assert "Automation<>(startuptrigger_id" not in main_cpp
+    # Both actions of the first block run in the one function, with no stop checks
+    body = _actions_body(main_cpp, "esphome__startuptrigger_id__fn")
+    assert "boot high" in body
+    assert "boot high lambda" in body
+    assert "esphome__running" not in body
+    assert "Automation" not in body
+    assert "boot default" in _actions_body(main_cpp, "esphome__startuptrigger_id_2__fn")
 
 
-def test_on_boot_delay_keeps_trigger(main_cpp: str) -> None:
-    """A delay needs the Trigger and its Automation of separate actions."""
-    assert _constructed(main_cpp, "startuptrigger_id_3") == "StartupTrigger(-100.0f)"
-    assert _has_delay(main_cpp, "startuptrigger_id_3")
+def test_on_boot_delay_triggers_automation(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    """A delay keeps the Automation of separate actions, which the function triggers."""
+    assert _constructed(main_cpp, "startuptrigger_id_3") == (
+        "StartupCallback<esphome__startuptrigger_id_3__fn, 0xC2C80000>()"
+    )
+    _delayed_automation(main_cpp, "esphome__startuptrigger_id_3__fn")
 
 
 def test_on_boot_manual_trigger_id_keeps_trigger(main_cpp: str) -> None:
@@ -77,19 +110,30 @@ def test_on_boot_manual_trigger_id_keeps_trigger(main_cpp: str) -> None:
 
 
 def test_on_shutdown_priorities(main_cpp: str) -> None:
-    """on_shutdown blocks keep their priority; a delay keeps the Trigger."""
-    assert _constructed(main_cpp, "shutdowntrigger_id") == "ShutdownTrigger(700.0f)"
-    _automation_of(main_cpp, "shutdowntrigger_id")
-    assert _constructed(main_cpp, "shutdowntrigger_id_2") == "ShutdownTrigger(600.0f)"
-    assert _has_delay(main_cpp, "shutdowntrigger_id_2")
+    """on_shutdown calls its function at its priority; a delay keeps the Automation."""
+    assert _constructed(main_cpp, "shutdowntrigger_id") == (
+        "ShutdownCallback<esphome__shutdowntrigger_id__fn, 0x442F0000>()"
+    )
+    assert "shutdown inline" in _actions_body(
+        main_cpp, "esphome__shutdowntrigger_id__fn"
+    )
+    assert _constructed(main_cpp, "shutdowntrigger_id_2") == (
+        "ShutdownCallback<esphome__shutdowntrigger_id_2__fn, 0x44160000>()"
+    )
+    _delayed_automation(main_cpp, "esphome__shutdowntrigger_id_2__fn")
 
 
 def test_on_loop(main_cpp: str) -> None:
-    """on_loop blocks are looping components; a delay keeps the Trigger."""
-    assert _constructed(main_cpp, "looptrigger_id") == "LoopTrigger()"
-    _automation_of(main_cpp, "looptrigger_id")
-    assert _constructed(main_cpp, "looptrigger_id_2") == "LoopTrigger()"
-    assert _has_delay(main_cpp, "looptrigger_id_2")
+    """on_loop calls its function each loop; a delay keeps the Automation."""
+    assert _constructed(main_cpp, "looptrigger_id") == (
+        "LoopCallback<esphome__looptrigger_id__fn>()"
+    )
+    assert "loop inline" in _actions_body(main_cpp, "esphome__looptrigger_id__fn")
+    assert "HasLoopOverride<LoopCallback<esphome__looptrigger_id__fn>>" in main_cpp
+    assert _constructed(main_cpp, "looptrigger_id_2") == (
+        "LoopCallback<esphome__looptrigger_id_2__fn>()"
+    )
+    _delayed_automation(main_cpp, "esphome__looptrigger_id_2__fn")
 
 
 def test_on_boot_registered_before_its_actions_are_built(

tests/component_tests/binary_sensor/test_click.py

@@ -8,24 +8,18 @@ from esphome.core import CORE
 
 
 def test_click_triggers(generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str]) -> None:
-    """Each trigger gets a detector and a callback with its timing in milliseconds, defaults 50 and 350."""
+    """Each trigger gets its timing in milliseconds, defaults 50 and 350, and its own automation."""
     main_cpp = generate_main("tests/component_tests/binary_sensor/test_click.yaml")
 
-    kinds = dict(
-        re.findall(
-            r"new\((\w+)\) binary_sensor::(Click|DoubleClick)Detector\(\);", main_cpp
-        )
+    triggers = re.findall(
+        r"new\((\w+)\) binary_sensor::(Click|DoubleClick)Trigger\(button_a, (\d+), (\d+)\);",
+        main_cpp,
     )
-    calls = re.findall(r"if \(!\(::(\w+)->check\(state, (\d+), (\d+)\)\)\)", main_cpp)
-    assert [(kinds[detector_id], *timing) for detector_id, *timing in calls] == [
+    assert [trigger[1:] for trigger in triggers] == [
         ("Click", "50", "350"),
         ("Click", "1000", "3000"),
         ("DoubleClick", "20", "400"),
     ]
-    assert main_cpp.count("button_a->add_on_state_callback([](") == 3
-    # Only the automation with a delay keeps an Automation object
-    assert re.findall(r"new\((\w+)\) Automation<>\(\);", main_cpp) == [
-        "automation_id_2"
-    ]
-    assert "::automation_id_2->trigger();" in main_cpp
+    for trigger_id, *_ in triggers:
+        assert f"Automation<>({trigger_id});" in main_cpp
     assert "USE_BINARY_SENSOR_CLICK_TRIGGER" in {define.name for define in CORE.defines}

tests/component_tests/binary_sensor/test_click.yaml

@@ -21,9 +21,7 @@ binary_sensor:
           - delay: 1s
           - logger.log: a long click done
     on_double_click:
-      # Named like the callback parameter, which must not hide it
-      - trigger_id: state
-        min_length: 20ms
+      - min_length: 20ms
         max_length: 400ms
         then:
           - logger.log: a double click

tests/component_tests/interval/config/interval_codegen.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: nodemcu-32s
+
+logger:
+
+interval:
+  - interval: 1s
+    then:
+      - logger.log: inline tick
+      - lambda: ESP_LOGD("test", "inline lambda");
+  - interval: 2s
+    startup_delay: 5s
+    then:
+      - logger.log: delayed start tick
+  - interval: 3s
+    then:
+      - logger.log: before delay
+      - delay: 10ms
+      - logger.log: after delay
+  - id: named_interval
+    interval: 4s
+    startup_delay: 3s
+    then:
+      - logger.log: named tick
+  - interval: 5s
+    setup_priority: 250
+    then:
+      # The script is declared later, so building this action waits for it
+      - script.execute: later_script
+
+script:
+  - id: later_script
+    then:
+      - logger.log: script ran
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: template
+    id: some_sensor
+    lambda: return 1.0;

tests/component_tests/interval/test_interval_codegen.py

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+"""Tests for the code generated for interval blocks."""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+import re
+
+import pytest
+
+CONFIG = "interval_codegen.yaml"
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def main_cpp(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> str:
+    return generate_main(component_config_path(CONFIG))
+
+
+def _constructed(main_cpp: str, var: str) -> str:
+    match = re.search(rf"new\({var}\) ([^;]+);", main_cpp)
+    assert match is not None, var
+    return match.group(1)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("var", "expected", "update_interval"),
+    [
+        ("interval_intervaltrigger_id", "interval::IntervalTrigger()", 1000),
+        (
+            "interval_intervaltrigger_id_2",
+            "interval::DelayedIntervalTrigger(5000)",
+            2000,
+        ),
+        ("interval_intervaltrigger_id_3", "interval::IntervalTrigger()", 3000),
+        ("named_interval", "interval::DelayedIntervalTrigger(3000)", 4000),
+        ("interval_intervaltrigger_id_4", "interval::IntervalTrigger()", 5000),
+    ],
+)
+def test_interval_constructed(
+    main_cpp: str, var: str, expected: str, update_interval: int
+) -> None:
+    """Each interval is built with its startup delay, if any, and gets its update interval."""
+    assert _constructed(main_cpp, var) == expected
+    assert f"{var}->set_update_interval({update_interval});" in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_interval_delay_keeps_automation(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    """A delay needs the Automation of separate actions."""
+    automation = re.search(
+        r"new\((\w+)\) Automation<>\(interval_intervaltrigger_id_3\);", main_cpp
+    )
+    assert automation is not None
+    assert re.search(
+        rf"{automation.group(1)}->add_action\(delayaction_id\w*\);", main_cpp
+    )
+
+
+def test_interval_registration_order(main_cpp: str) -> None:
+    """Intervals register in config order; one waiting for a later id keeps its place."""
+    registered = re.findall(r"App\.register_component_\((\w+), \d+\);", main_cpp)
+    assert registered[-6:] == [
+        "interval_intervaltrigger_id",
+        "interval_intervaltrigger_id_2",
+        "interval_intervaltrigger_id_3",
+        "named_interval",
+        "interval_intervaltrigger_id_4",
+        "some_sensor",
+    ]
+    assert main_cpp.index(
+        "App.register_component_(interval_intervaltrigger_id_4"
+    ) < main_cpp.index("new(later_script)")

tests/components/binary_sensor/click_trigger_test.cpp

@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
-#include <functional>
-#include <utility>
+#include <memory>
 
 #include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/filter.h"
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
+#include "esphome/core/base_automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 
 namespace esphome::binary_sensor::testing {
 
-// The click detectors read the real millis(), so every wait is at least 80 ms away from a window edge
+// The triggers read the real millis(), so every wait is at least 80 ms away from a window edge
 static constexpr uint32_t MIN_MS = 100;
 static constexpr uint32_t MAX_MS = 300;
 static constexpr uint32_t SHORT_MS = 20;
@@ -23,24 +24,18 @@ class ClickTriggerTest : public ::testing::Test {
   void SetUp() override {
     fired = 0;
     this->sensor_.publish_state(false);
+    this->automation_.add_action(&this->action_);
   }
 
   // As codegen builds on_click and on_double_click
   void add_click_(uint32_t min_length = MIN_MS, uint32_t max_length = MAX_MS, BinarySensor *sensor = nullptr) {
-    this->watch_(this->click_, min_length, max_length, sensor != nullptr ? *sensor : this->sensor_);
+    this->click_ = std::make_unique<ClickTrigger>(sensor != nullptr ? sensor : &this->sensor_, min_length, max_length);
+    this->click_->set_automation_parent(&this->automation_);
   }
-  void add_double_click_(std::function<void()> on_fire = count_fire) {
-    this->watch_(this->double_click_, MIN_MS, MAX_MS, this->sensor_, std::move(on_fire));
+  void add_double_click_() {
+    this->double_click_ = std::make_unique<DoubleClickTrigger>(&this->sensor_, MIN_MS, MAX_MS);
+    this->double_click_->set_automation_parent(&this->automation_);
   }
-  template<typename D>
-  void watch_(D &detector, uint32_t min_length, uint32_t max_length, BinarySensor &sensor,
-              std::function<void()> on_fire = count_fire) {
-    sensor.add_on_state_callback([&detector, min_length, max_length, on_fire = std::move(on_fire)](bool state) {
-      if (detector.check(state, min_length, max_length))
-        on_fire();
-    });
-  }
-  static void count_fire() { fired++; }
 
   void press_for_(uint32_t length) {
     this->sensor_.publish_state(true);
@@ -49,8 +44,10 @@ class ClickTriggerTest : public ::testing::Test {
   }
 
   BinarySensor sensor_;
-  ClickDetector click_;
-  DoubleClickDetector double_click_;
+  StatelessLambdaAction<> action_{[]() { fired++; }};
+  Automation<> automation_;
+  std::unique_ptr<ClickTrigger> click_;
+  std::unique_ptr<DoubleClickTrigger> double_click_;
 };
 
 TEST(ClickMatchInterval, BoundsAreInclusive) {
@@ -201,23 +198,4 @@ TEST_F(ClickTriggerTest, DoubleClickDoesNotFireTwiceWithoutReset) {
   EXPECT_EQ(fired, 1);
 }
 
-TEST_F(ClickTriggerTest, DoubleClickKeepsPressPublishedByItsActions) {
-  // The times reset before the actions run, so a press the first action publishes is kept
-  this->add_double_click_([this]() {
-    if (++fired == 1) {
-      this->sensor_.publish_state(false);
-      this->sensor_.publish_state(true);
-    }
-  });
-  this->press_for_(INSIDE_MS);
-  delay(INSIDE_MS);
-  this->sensor_.publish_state(true);
-  EXPECT_EQ(fired, 1);
-  delay(INSIDE_MS);
-  this->sensor_.publish_state(false);
-  delay(INSIDE_MS);
-  this->sensor_.publish_state(true);
-  EXPECT_EQ(fired, 2);
-}
-
 }  // namespace esphome::binary_sensor::testing

tests/components/core/test_core_automation_callbacks.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "esphome/core/base_automation.h"
+
+namespace esphome::core::testing {
+
+namespace {
+
+int calls = 0;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+
+void count_call() { calls++; }
+
+// Bit patterns of 800.0f, 600.0f, -100.0f and 250.5f, as the code generator writes them
+constexpr uint32_t PRIORITY_800 = 0x44480000;
+constexpr uint32_t PRIORITY_MINUS_100 = 0xC2C80000;
+constexpr uint32_t PRIORITY_250_5 = 0x437A8000;
+
+}  // namespace
+
+TEST(CoreAutomationCallbacks, StartupCallbackRunsFromSetupAtItsPriority) {
+  calls = 0;
+  StartupCallback<count_call, PRIORITY_800> high;
+  StartupCallback<count_call, PRIORITY_MINUS_100> late;
+  StartupCallback<count_call, PRIORITY_250_5> fractional;
+  EXPECT_EQ(high.get_setup_priority(), 800.0f);
+  EXPECT_EQ(late.get_setup_priority(), -100.0f);
+  EXPECT_EQ(fractional.get_setup_priority(), 250.5f);
+  StartupCallback<count_call, SETUP_PRIORITY_DATA_BITS> standard;
+  EXPECT_EQ(standard.get_setup_priority(), setup_priority::DATA);
+
+  high.loop();
+  high.on_shutdown();
+  EXPECT_EQ(calls, 0);
+  high.setup();
+  EXPECT_EQ(calls, 1);
+}
+
+TEST(CoreAutomationCallbacks, ShutdownCallbackRunsFromOnShutdownAtItsPriority) {
+  calls = 0;
+  ShutdownCallback<count_call, PRIORITY_MINUS_100> shutdown;
+  EXPECT_EQ(shutdown.get_setup_priority(), -100.0f);
+
+  shutdown.setup();
+  shutdown.loop();
+  EXPECT_EQ(calls, 0);
+  shutdown.on_shutdown();
+  EXPECT_EQ(calls, 1);
+}
+
+TEST(CoreAutomationCallbacks, LoopCallbackRunsEachLoopAtDataPriority) {
+  calls = 0;
+  LoopCallback<count_call> looping;
+  EXPECT_EQ(looping.get_setup_priority(), setup_priority::DATA);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(HasLoopOverride<LoopCallback<count_call>>::value);
+  EXPECT_FALSE((HasLoopOverride<StartupCallback<count_call, PRIORITY_800>>::value));
+
+  looping.setup();
+  EXPECT_EQ(calls, 0);
+  looping.loop();
+  looping.loop();
+  EXPECT_EQ(calls, 2);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::core::testing

tests/components/interval/test_interval_trigger.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/interval/interval.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
+
+namespace esphome::interval::testing {
+
+class CountAction : public Action<> {
+ public:
+  explicit CountAction(int *count) : count_(count) {}
+  void play() override { (*this->count_)++; }
+
+ protected:
+  int *count_;
+};
+
+TEST(IntervalTrigger, UpdateRunsTheAutomationAtDataPriority) {
+  IntervalTrigger trigger;
+  Automation<> automation{&trigger};
+  int count = 0;
+  CountAction action{&count};
+  automation.add_action(&action);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(trigger.get_setup_priority(), setup_priority::DATA);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(HasLoopOverride<IntervalTrigger>::value);
+  trigger.set_update_interval(1000);
+  EXPECT_EQ(trigger.get_update_interval(), 1000u);
+
+  trigger.update();
+  trigger.update();
+  EXPECT_EQ(count, 2);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::interval::testing

tests/integration/fixtures/interval_runs.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+esphome:
+  name: interval-runs
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
+
+globals:
+  - id: inline_count
+    type: int
+    initial_value: "0"
+  - id: action_count
+    type: int
+    initial_value: "0"
+  - id: startup_count
+    type: int
+    initial_value: "0"
+
+interval:
+  # All actions inline
+  - interval: 50ms
+    then:
+      - lambda: id(inline_count) += 1;
+      - lambda: |-
+          if (id(inline_count) == 1) {
+            ESP_LOGI("test", "INLINE first uptime=%u", (unsigned) millis());
+          } else if (id(inline_count) == 20) {
+            ESP_LOGI("test", "INLINE ran 20 times");
+          }
+  # A delay between the actions
+  - interval: 100ms
+    then:
+      - lambda: |-
+          id(action_count) += 1;
+          ESP_LOGI("test", "ACTION start %d", id(action_count));
+      - delay: 20ms
+      - lambda: ESP_LOGI("test", "ACTION end %d", id(action_count));
+  # First run waits for the startup delay
+  - interval: 50ms
+    startup_delay: 1000ms
+    then:
+      - lambda: |-
+          if (++id(startup_count) == 1) {
+            ESP_LOGI("test", "STARTUP first uptime=%u inline_count=%d", (unsigned) millis(), id(inline_count));
+          }

tests/integration/test_interval_runs.py

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+"""Integration test that intervals run repeatedly and honour their startup delay."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import re
+
+import pytest
+
+from .log_utils import LineWaiter
+from .types import RunCompiledFunction
+
+INLINE_FIRST = re.compile(r"INLINE first uptime=(\d+)")
+STARTUP_FIRST = re.compile(r"STARTUP first uptime=(\d+) inline_count=(\d+)")
+ACTION = re.compile(r"ACTION (start|end) (\d+)")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_interval_runs(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+) -> None:
+    """Inline and delayed actions repeat; the startup delay holds the first run back."""
+    waiter = LineWaiter()
+    inline_future = waiter.expect(INLINE_FIRST)
+    startup_future = waiter.expect(STARTUP_FIRST)
+
+    async with run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=waiter.callback):
+        inline = await waiter.wait(inline_future)
+        startup = await waiter.wait(startup_future)
+        await waiter.wait_for_each("INLINE ran 20 times", "ACTION end 3")
+
+    # The startup delay held the first run back while the inline interval kept running
+    assert int(startup.group(1)) - int(inline.group(1)) >= 800
+    assert int(startup.group(2)) >= 10
+    # Each run of the delayed actions finished before the next started
+    actions = [m.groups() for line in waiter.lines if (m := ACTION.search(line))]
+    assert actions[:6] == [
+        ("start", "1"),
+        ("end", "1"),
+        ("start", "2"),
+        ("end", "2"),
+        ("start", "3"),
+        ("end", "3"),
+    ]

tests/unit_tests/test_cpp_generator.py

@@ -1173,6 +1173,21 @@ def test_static_function_declares_early_and_defines_after_includes() -> None:
     ]
 
 
+def test_declare_static_function_defines_the_body_later() -> None:
+    """The declaration is emitted at once; the body only when define() is called."""
+    define = cg.declare_static_function("esphome__act__fn", ct.void, [])
+    assert [str(st) for st in CORE.global_statements] == [
+        "static void esphome__act__fn();"
+    ]
+    assert CORE.global_statements_after_includes == []
+
+    fn = define(["first();", "second();"])
+    assert str(fn) == "esphome__act__fn"
+    assert [str(st) for st in CORE.global_statements_after_includes] == [
+        "static void esphome__act__fn() {\n  first();\n  second();\n}"
+    ]
+
+
 def test_static_function_accepts_statements() -> None:
     call = cg.MockObj("foo")(cg.MockObj("x") >> 2)
     cg.static_function(