Merge origin/inline-varint-fast-path into integration branch

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

esphome/components/api/proto.cpp

@@ -16,6 +16,19 @@ void ProtoByteBuffer::grow_(size_t n) {
   this->capacity_ = n;
 }
 
+uint32_t ProtoSize::varint_slow_(uint32_t value) {
+  // value is guaranteed >= 128 here (fast path handled inline)
+  if (value < 16384) {
+    return 2;  // 14 bits
+  } else if (value < 2097152) {
+    return 3;  // 21 bits
+  } else if (value < 268435456) {
+    return 4;  // 28 bits
+  } else {
+    return 5;  // 32 bits (maximum for uint32_t)
+  }
+}
+
 #ifdef USE_API_VARINT64
 optional<ProtoVarInt> ProtoVarInt::parse_wide(const uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t len, uint32_t *consumed,
                                               uint32_t result32) {

esphome/components/api/proto.h

@@ -553,23 +553,23 @@ class ProtoSize {
    * @param value The uint32_t value to calculate size for
    * @return The number of bytes needed to encode the value
    */
-  static constexpr uint32_t varint(uint32_t value) {
-    // Optimized varint size calculation using leading zeros
-    // Each 7 bits requires one byte in the varint encoding
+  static constexpr inline uint32_t ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE varint(uint32_t value) {
     if (value < 128)
-      return 1;  // 7 bits, common case for small values
-
-    // For larger values, count bytes needed based on the position of the highest bit set
-    if (value < 16384) {
-      return 2;  // 14 bits
-    } else if (value < 2097152) {
-      return 3;  // 21 bits
-    } else if (value < 268435456) {
-      return 4;  // 28 bits
-    } else {
-      return 5;  // 32 bits (maximum for uint32_t)
+      return 1;  // Fast path: 7 bits, most common case
+    if (__builtin_is_constant_evaluated()) {
+      // Compile-time: full cascade for constexpr callers
+      if (value < 16384)
+        return 2;
+      if (value < 2097152)
+        return 3;
+      if (value < 268435456)
+        return 4;
+      return 5;
     }
+    return varint_slow_(value);
   }
+  // Slow path for varint >= 128, outlined to keep fast path small
+  static uint32_t varint_slow_(uint32_t value) __attribute__((noinline));
 
   /**
    * @brief Calculates the size in bytes needed to encode a uint64_t value as a varint