[multiple] Fix reliability issues in 5 components (#14655)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@koston.org>

esphome/components/bme680_bsec/bme680_bsec.cpp

@@ -271,10 +271,16 @@ void BME680BSECComponent::read_() {
   int64_t curr_time_ns = this->get_time_ns_();
 
   if (this->bme680_settings_.trigger_measurement) {
+    uint32_t start = millis();
     while (this->bme680_.power_mode != BME680_SLEEP_MODE) {
+      if (millis() - start > 50) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Timeout waiting for BME680 to enter sleep mode");
+        return;
+      }
       this->bme680_status_ = bme680_get_sensor_mode(&this->bme680_);
       if (this->bme680_status_ != BME680_OK) {
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to get sensor mode (BME680 Error Code %d)", this->bme680_status_);
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to get sensor mode (BME680 Error Code %d)", this->bme680_status_);
+        return;
       }
     }
   }

esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/hlk_fm22x.cpp

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 namespace esphome::hlk_fm22x {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "hlk_fm22x";
+static constexpr uint32_t PAYLOAD_TIMEOUT_MS = 20;
 
 void HlkFm22xComponent::setup() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Setting up HLK-FM22X...");
@@ -133,6 +134,21 @@ void HlkFm22xComponent::recv_command_() {
   checksum ^= byte;
   length |= byte;
 
+  // Wait for remaining data (payload + checksum) to arrive.
+  // Header bytes are already consumed, so we must finish reading this message.
+  uint32_t start = millis();
+  while (this->available() < length + 1) {
+    if (millis() - start > PAYLOAD_TIMEOUT_MS) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Timeout waiting for payload (%u bytes)", length);
+      // Drain any partial payload bytes to resync the parser
+      while (this->available() > 0) {
+        this->read();
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    delay(1);
+  }
+
   // Read up to buffer size; discard excess bytes while still computing checksum
   // GET_ALL_FACE_IDS can return all enrolled face data (hundreds of bytes)
   // but handlers only need the first few bytes

esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp

@@ -163,8 +163,11 @@ void LvglComponent::show_page(size_t index, lv_scr_load_anim_t anim, uint32_t ti
 void LvglComponent::show_next_page(lv_scr_load_anim_t anim, uint32_t time) {
   if (this->pages_.empty() || (this->current_page_ == this->pages_.size() - 1 && !this->page_wrap_))
     return;
+  size_t start = this->current_page_;
   do {
     this->current_page_ = (this->current_page_ + 1) % this->pages_.size();
+    if (this->current_page_ == start)
+      return;  // all pages have skip=true (guaranteed not to happen by YAML validation)
   } while (this->pages_[this->current_page_]->skip);  // skip empty pages()
   this->show_page(this->current_page_, anim, time);
 }
@@ -172,8 +175,11 @@ void LvglComponent::show_next_page(lv_scr_load_anim_t anim, uint32_t time) {
 void LvglComponent::show_prev_page(lv_scr_load_anim_t anim, uint32_t time) {
   if (this->pages_.empty() || (this->current_page_ == 0 && !this->page_wrap_))
     return;
+  size_t start = this->current_page_;
   do {
     this->current_page_ = (this->current_page_ + this->pages_.size() - 1) % this->pages_.size();
+    if (this->current_page_ == start)
+      return;  // all pages have skip=true (guaranteed not to happen by YAML validation)
   } while (this->pages_[this->current_page_]->skip);  // skip empty pages()
   this->show_page(this->current_page_, anim, time);
 }

esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp

@@ -44,8 +44,10 @@ MQTTClientComponent::MQTTClientComponent() {
 void MQTTClientComponent::setup() {
   this->mqtt_backend_.set_on_message(
       [this](const char *topic, const char *payload, size_t len, size_t index, size_t total) {
-        if (index == 0)
+        if (index == 0) {
+          this->payload_buffer_.clear();
           this->payload_buffer_.reserve(total);
+        }
 
         // append new payload, may contain incomplete MQTT message
         this->payload_buffer_.append(payload, len);

esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp

@@ -106,10 +106,15 @@ std::vector<CdcEps> USBUartTypeCdcAcm::parse_descriptors(usb_device_handle_t dev
 }
 
 void RingBuffer::push(uint8_t item) {
+  if (this->get_free_space() == 0)
+    return;
   this->buffer_[this->insert_pos_] = item;
   this->insert_pos_ = (this->insert_pos_ + 1) % this->buffer_size_;
 }
 void RingBuffer::push(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+  size_t free = this->get_free_space();
+  if (len > free)
+    len = free;
   for (size_t i = 0; i != len; i++) {
     this->buffer_[this->insert_pos_] = *data++;
     this->insert_pos_ = (this->insert_pos_ + 1) % this->buffer_size_;