[multiple] Fix wrong behavior in 5 components (#14647)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

esphome/components/anova/anova.cpp

@@ -144,9 +144,12 @@ void Anova::update() {
     return;
 
   if (this->current_request_ < 2) {
-    auto *pkt = this->codec_->get_read_device_status_request();
-    if (this->current_request_ == 0)
-      this->codec_->get_set_unit_request(this->fahrenheit_ ? 'f' : 'c');
+    AnovaPacket *pkt;
+    if (this->current_request_ == 0) {
+      pkt = this->codec_->get_set_unit_request(this->fahrenheit_ ? 'f' : 'c');
+    } else {
+      pkt = this->codec_->get_read_device_status_request();
+    }
     auto status =
         esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->parent_->get_gattc_if(), this->parent_->get_conn_id(), this->char_handle_,
                                  pkt->length, pkt->data, ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);

esphome/components/binary_sensor/filter.cpp

@@ -136,7 +136,6 @@ optional<bool> SettleFilter::new_value(bool value) {
     return {};
   } else {
     this->steady_ = false;
-    this->output(value);
     this->set_timeout(FILTER_TIMEOUT_ID, this->delay_.value(), [this]() { this->steady_ = true; });
     return value;
   }

esphome/components/bl0906/bl0906.cpp

@@ -190,11 +190,9 @@ void BL0906::bias_correction_(uint8_t address, float measurements, float correct
   float i_rms0 = measurements * ki;
   float i_rms = correction * ki;
   int32_t value = (i_rms * i_rms - i_rms0 * i_rms0) / 256;
-  data.l = value << 24 >> 24;
-  data.m = value << 16 >> 24;
-  if (value < 0) {
-    data.h = (value << 8 >> 24) | 0b10000000;
-  }
+  data.l = value & 0xFF;
+  data.m = (value >> 8) & 0xFF;
+  data.h = (value >> 16) & 0xFF;
   data.address = bl0906_checksum(address, &data);
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "RMSOS:%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X", BL0906_WRITE_COMMAND, address, data.l, data.m, data.h, data.address);
   this->write_byte(BL0906_WRITE_COMMAND);

esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.cpp

@@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ void ESPBTDevice::parse_adv_(const uint8_t *payload, uint8_t len) {
         // CSS 1.5 TX POWER LEVEL
         // "The TX Power Level data type indicates the transmitted power level of the packet containing the data type."
         // CSS 1: Optional in this context (may appear more than once in a block).
-        this->tx_powers_.push_back(*payload);
+        this->tx_powers_.push_back(*record);
         break;
       }
       case ESP_BLE_AD_TYPE_APPEARANCE: {

esphome/components/ledc/ledc_output.cpp

@@ -76,6 +76,9 @@ esp_err_t configure_timer_frequency(ledc_mode_t speed_mode, ledc_timer_t timer_n
     init_result = ledc_timer_config(&timer_conf);
     if (init_result != ESP_OK) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unable to initialize timer with frequency %.1f and bit depth of %u", frequency, bit_depth);
+      if (bit_depth <= 1) {
+        break;
+      }
       // try again with a lower bit depth
       timer_conf.duty_resolution = static_cast<ledc_timer_bit_t>(--bit_depth);
     }