[core] Devirtualize PollingComponent::set_update_interval

Remove the virtual keyword from set_update_interval and inline the
trivial setter in the header. No component in the tree actually
overrides this on PollingComponent — the only apparent override was
in sds011 which extends Component (not PollingComponent), so it was
just a name-hiding no-op that is also removed here.

This allows the compiler to inline the setter at all 8 call sites
generated by register_component, eliminating function call overhead
and removing a vtable entry.

esphome/components/sds011/sds011.h

@@ -21,8 +21,6 @@ class SDS011Component : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
   void dump_config() override;
   void loop() override;
 
-  void set_update_interval(uint32_t val) { /* ignore */
-  }
   void set_update_interval_min(uint8_t update_interval_min);
   void set_working_state(bool working_state);
 

esphome/core/component.cpp

@@ -508,7 +508,6 @@ void PollingComponent::stop_poller() {
 }
 
 uint32_t PollingComponent::get_update_interval() const { return this->update_interval_; }
-void PollingComponent::set_update_interval(uint32_t update_interval) { this->update_interval_ = update_interval; }
 
 void __attribute__((noinline, cold))
 WarnIfComponentBlockingGuard::warn_blocking(Component *component, uint32_t blocking_time) {

esphome/core/component.h

@@ -548,12 +548,10 @@ class PollingComponent : public Component {
   explicit PollingComponent(uint32_t update_interval);
 
   /** Manually set the update interval in ms for this polling object.
-   *
-   * Override this if you want to do some validation for the update interval.
    *
    * @param update_interval The update interval in ms.
    */
-  virtual void set_update_interval(uint32_t update_interval);
+  void set_update_interval(uint32_t update_interval) { this->update_interval_ = update_interval; }
 
   // ========== OVERRIDE METHODS ==========
   // (You'll only need this when creating your own custom sensor)