Files
esphome/esphome/core/application.h
T
2026-04-21 04:53:01 +02:00

719 lines
31 KiB
C++
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters
This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.
#pragma once
#include <algorithm>
#include <ctime>
#include <limits>
#include <span>
#include <string>
#include <type_traits>
#include <vector>
#include "esphome/core/component.h"
#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
#include "esphome/core/preferences.h"
#include "esphome/core/progmem.h"
#include "esphome/core/scheduler.h"
#include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
#include "esphome/core/version.h"
#ifdef USE_DEVICES
#include "esphome/core/device.h"
#endif
#ifdef USE_AREAS
#include "esphome/core/area.h"
#endif
#ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
#include "esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h"
#endif
#ifdef USE_HOST
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#endif
#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_STATS
#include "esphome/components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.h"
#endif
#include "esphome/core/wake.h"
#include "esphome/core/entity_includes.h"
namespace esphome::socket {
#ifdef USE_HOST
/// Shared ready() helper for fd-based socket implementations.
bool socket_ready_fd(int fd, bool loop_monitored); // NOLINT(readability-redundant-declaration)
#endif
} // namespace esphome::socket
#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_STATS
namespace esphome::runtime_stats {
class RuntimeStatsCollector;
} // namespace esphome::runtime_stats
#endif
// Forward declarations for friend access from codegen-generated setup()
void setup(); // NOLINT(readability-redundant-declaration) - may be declared in Arduino.h
void original_setup(); // NOLINT(readability-redundant-declaration) - used by cpp unit tests
namespace esphome {
/// SFINAE helper: detects whether T overrides Component::loop().
/// When &T::loop is ambiguous (multiple inheritance with separate loop() methods),
/// the ambiguity itself proves an override exists, so the true_type default is correct.
template<typename T, typename = void> struct HasLoopOverride : std::true_type {};
template<typename T>
struct HasLoopOverride<T, std::void_t<decltype(&T::loop)>>
: std::bool_constant<!std::is_same_v<decltype(&T::loop), decltype(&Component::loop)>> {};
// Teardown timeout constant (in milliseconds)
// For reboots, it's more important to shut down quickly than disconnect cleanly
// since we're not entering deep sleep. The only consequence of not shutting down
// cleanly is a warning in the log.
static constexpr uint32_t TEARDOWN_TIMEOUT_REBOOT_MS = 1000; // 1 second for quick reboot
class Application {
public:
#ifdef ESPHOME_NAME_ADD_MAC_SUFFIX
// Called before Logger::pre_setup() — must not log (global_logger is not yet set).
/// Pre-setup with MAC suffix: overwrites placeholder in mutable static buffers with actual MAC.
void pre_setup(char *name, size_t name_len, char *friendly_name, size_t friendly_name_len) {
arch_init();
this->name_add_mac_suffix_ = true;
// MAC address length: 12 hex chars + null terminator
constexpr size_t mac_address_len = 13;
// MAC address suffix length (last 6 characters of 12-char MAC address string)
constexpr size_t mac_address_suffix_len = 6;
char mac_addr[mac_address_len];
get_mac_address_into_buffer(mac_addr);
// Overwrite the placeholder suffix in the mutable static buffers with actual MAC
// name is always non-empty (validated by validate_hostname in Python config)
memcpy(name + name_len - mac_address_suffix_len, mac_addr + mac_address_suffix_len, mac_address_suffix_len);
if (friendly_name_len > 0) {
memcpy(friendly_name + friendly_name_len - mac_address_suffix_len, mac_addr + mac_address_suffix_len,
mac_address_suffix_len);
}
this->name_ = StringRef(name, name_len);
this->friendly_name_ = StringRef(friendly_name, friendly_name_len);
}
#else
// Called before Logger::pre_setup() — must not log (global_logger is not yet set).
/// Pre-setup without MAC suffix: StringRef points directly at const string literals in flash.
void pre_setup(const char *name, size_t name_len, const char *friendly_name, size_t friendly_name_len) {
arch_init();
this->name_add_mac_suffix_ = false;
this->name_ = StringRef(name, name_len);
this->friendly_name_ = StringRef(friendly_name, friendly_name_len);
}
#endif
#ifdef USE_DEVICES
void register_device(Device *device) { this->devices_.push_back(device); }
#endif
#ifdef USE_AREAS
void register_area(Area *area) { this->areas_.push_back(area); }
#endif
void set_current_component(Component *component) { this->current_component_ = component; }
Component *get_current_component() { return this->current_component_; }
// Entity register methods (generated from entity_types.h)
// NOLINTBEGIN(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
#define ENTITY_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper) \
void register_##singular(type *obj) { this->plural##_.push_back(obj); }
#define ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper, callback) \
ENTITY_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper)
#include "esphome/core/entity_types.h"
#undef ENTITY_TYPE_
#undef ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_
// NOLINTEND(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
void register_serial_proxy(serial_proxy::SerialProxy *proxy) {
proxy->set_instance_index(this->serial_proxies_.size());
this->serial_proxies_.push_back(proxy);
}
#endif
/// Reserve space for components to avoid memory fragmentation
/// Set up all the registered components. Call this at the end of your setup() function.
void setup();
/// Make a loop iteration. Call this in your loop() function.
inline void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE loop();
/// Get the name of this Application set by pre_setup().
const StringRef &get_name() const { return this->name_; }
/// Get the friendly name of this Application set by pre_setup().
const StringRef &get_friendly_name() const { return this->friendly_name_; }
/// Get the area of this Application set by pre_setup().
const char *get_area() const {
#ifdef USE_AREAS
// If we have areas registered, return the name of the first one (which is the top-level area)
if (!this->areas_.empty() && this->areas_[0] != nullptr) {
return this->areas_[0]->get_name();
}
#endif
return "";
}
/// Maximum size of the comment buffer (including null terminator)
static constexpr size_t ESPHOME_COMMENT_SIZE_MAX = 256;
/// Copy the comment string into the provided buffer
void get_comment_string(std::span<char, ESPHOME_COMMENT_SIZE_MAX> buffer);
/// Get the comment of this Application as a string
std::string get_comment() {
char buffer[ESPHOME_COMMENT_SIZE_MAX];
this->get_comment_string(buffer);
return std::string(buffer);
}
bool is_name_add_mac_suffix_enabled() const { return this->name_add_mac_suffix_; }
/// Size of buffer required for build time string (including null terminator)
static constexpr size_t BUILD_TIME_STR_SIZE = 26;
/// Get the config hash as a 32-bit integer
uint32_t get_config_hash();
/// Get the config hash extended with ESPHome version
uint32_t get_config_version_hash();
/// Get the build time as a Unix timestamp
time_t get_build_time();
/// Copy the build time string into the provided buffer
/// Buffer must be BUILD_TIME_STR_SIZE bytes (compile-time enforced)
void get_build_time_string(std::span<char, BUILD_TIME_STR_SIZE> buffer);
/// Get the build time as a string (deprecated, use get_build_time_string() instead)
// Remove before 2026.7.0
ESPDEPRECATED("Use get_build_time_string() instead. Removed in 2026.7.0", "2026.1.0")
std::string get_compilation_time() {
char buf[BUILD_TIME_STR_SIZE];
this->get_build_time_string(buf);
return std::string(buf);
}
/// Get the cached time in milliseconds from when the current component started its loop execution
inline uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT get_loop_component_start_time() const { return this->loop_component_start_time_; }
/** Set the target interval with which to run the loop() calls.
* If the loop() method takes longer than the target interval, ESPHome won't
* sleep in loop(), but if the time spent in loop() is small than the target, ESPHome
* will delay at the end of the App.loop() method.
*
* This is done to conserve power: In most use-cases, high-speed loop() calls are not required
* and degrade power consumption.
*
* Each component can request a high frequency loop execution by using the HighFrequencyLoopRequester
* helper in helpers.h
*
* Note: This method is not called by ESPHome core code. It is only used by lambda functions
* in YAML configurations or by external components.
*
* @param loop_interval The interval in milliseconds to run the core loop at. Defaults to 16 milliseconds.
*/
void set_loop_interval(uint32_t loop_interval) {
this->loop_interval_ = std::min(loop_interval, static_cast<uint32_t>(std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max()));
}
uint32_t get_loop_interval() const { return static_cast<uint32_t>(this->loop_interval_); }
void schedule_dump_config() { this->dump_config_at_ = 0; }
/// Minimum interval between real arch_feed_wdt() calls. Sized so the outer
/// feed in Application::loop() is effectively rate-limited across both the
/// normal ~62 Hz cadence and worst-case wake-storm scenarios (e.g. external
/// stacks like OpenThread posting frequent wake notifications). Component
/// loops and scheduler items still feed after every op, so any op exceeding
/// this threshold triggers a real feed naturally.
/// Safety margins vs. platform watchdog timeouts:
/// - ESP32 task WDT default (5 s): ~16x
/// - ESP8266 soft WDT (~1.6 s): ~5x <-- floor case; any future change
/// must keep comfortable margin here
/// - ESP8266 HW WDT (~6 s): ~20x
static constexpr uint32_t WDT_FEED_INTERVAL_MS = 300;
/// Feed the task watchdog. Cold entry — callers without a millis()
/// timestamp in hand. Out of line to keep call sites tiny.
void feed_wdt();
#ifdef USE_STATUS_LED
/// Dispatch interval for the status LED update. Deliberately shorter than
/// WDT_FEED_INTERVAL_MS because the status LED error blink has a 250 ms
/// period (status_led.cpp:ERROR_PERIOD_MS) and a 150 ms on-window; the
/// dispatch cadence must be short enough to render that blink without
/// aliasing. Sampling every 100 ms yields an on/off observation inside
/// every error period with headroom for the 250 ms warning on-window.
static constexpr uint32_t STATUS_LED_DISPATCH_INTERVAL_MS = 100;
#endif
/// Feed the task watchdog, hot entry. Callers that already have a
/// millis() timestamp pay only a load + sub + branch on the common
/// (no-op) path. The actual arch feed lives in feed_wdt_slow_.
/// When USE_STATUS_LED is compiled in, also gates a separate (shorter)
/// interval for dispatching status_led so the LED blink pattern stays
/// readable even though arch_feed_wdt pokes are now rate-limited at
/// WDT_FEED_INTERVAL_MS. The two rate limits are independent so raising
/// WDT_FEED_INTERVAL_MS does not distort the LED cadence.
void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE feed_wdt_with_time(uint32_t time) {
if (static_cast<uint32_t>(time - this->last_wdt_feed_) > WDT_FEED_INTERVAL_MS) [[unlikely]] {
this->feed_wdt_slow_(time);
}
#ifdef USE_STATUS_LED
if (static_cast<uint32_t>(time - this->last_status_led_service_) > STATUS_LED_DISPATCH_INTERVAL_MS) [[unlikely]] {
this->service_status_led_slow_(time);
}
#endif
}
void reboot();
void safe_reboot();
void run_safe_shutdown_hooks();
void run_powerdown_hooks();
/** Teardown all components with a timeout.
*
* @param timeout_ms Maximum time to wait for teardown in milliseconds
*/
void teardown_components(uint32_t timeout_ms);
/// Return the public app state status bits (STATUS_LED_* only).
/// Internal bookkeeping bits like APP_STATE_SETUP_COMPLETE are masked
/// out so external readers (status_led components, etc.) never see them.
uint8_t get_app_state() const { return this->app_state_ & ~APP_STATE_SETUP_COMPLETE; }
/// True once Application::setup() has finished walking all components
/// and finalized the initial status flags. Before this point, the
/// slow-setup busy-wait may be forcing STATUS_LED_WARNING on, and
/// status_clear_* intentionally skips its walk-and-clear step so the
/// forced bit doesn't get wiped. Stored as a free bit on app_state_
/// (bit 6) to avoid costing additional RAM.
bool is_setup_complete() const { return (this->app_state_ & APP_STATE_SETUP_COMPLETE) != 0; }
// Helper macro for entity getter method declarations
#ifdef USE_DEVICES
#define GET_ENTITY_METHOD(entity_type, entity_name, entities_member) \
entity_type *get_##entity_name##_by_key(uint32_t key, uint32_t device_id, bool include_internal = false) { \
for (auto *obj : this->entities_member##_) { \
if (obj->get_object_id_hash() == key && obj->get_device_id() == device_id && \
(include_internal || !obj->is_internal())) \
return obj; \
} \
return nullptr; \
}
const auto &get_devices() { return this->devices_; }
#else
#define GET_ENTITY_METHOD(entity_type, entity_name, entities_member) \
entity_type *get_##entity_name##_by_key(uint32_t key, bool include_internal = false) { \
for (auto *obj : this->entities_member##_) { \
if (obj->get_object_id_hash() == key && (include_internal || !obj->is_internal())) \
return obj; \
} \
return nullptr; \
}
#endif // USE_DEVICES
#ifdef USE_AREAS
const auto &get_areas() { return this->areas_; }
#endif
// Entity getter methods (generated from entity_types.h)
// NOLINTBEGIN(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
#define ENTITY_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper) \
auto &get_##plural() const { return this->plural##_; } \
GET_ENTITY_METHOD(type, singular, plural)
#define ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper, callback) \
ENTITY_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper)
#include "esphome/core/entity_types.h"
#undef ENTITY_TYPE_
#undef ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_
// NOLINTEND(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
auto &get_serial_proxies() const { return this->serial_proxies_; }
#endif
Scheduler scheduler;
#ifdef USE_HOST
/// Register/unregister a socket file descriptor with the host select() fallback loop.
/// USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT builds do not use this API — sockets hook the lwIP netconn
/// event_callback directly (see socket.h hook_fd_for_fast_select) and rely on FreeRTOS
/// task notifications for wake-up.
/// NOTE: File descriptors >= FD_SETSIZE (typically 10 on ESP) will be rejected with an error.
/// WARNING: These functions are NOT thread-safe. They must only be called from the main loop.
/// @return true if registration was successful, false if fd exceeds limits
bool register_socket_fd(int fd);
void unregister_socket_fd(int fd);
#endif
/// Wake the main event loop from another thread or callback.
/// @see esphome::wake_loop_threadsafe() in wake.h for platform details.
void wake_loop_threadsafe() { esphome::wake_loop_threadsafe(); }
#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
/// Wake from ISR (ESP32 and LibreTiny).
static void IRAM_ATTR wake_loop_isrsafe(BaseType_t *px) { esphome::wake_loop_isrsafe(px); }
#elif defined(USE_ESP8266)
/// Wake from ISR (ESP8266). No task_woken arg — no FreeRTOS. Caller must be IRAM_ATTR.
static void IRAM_ATTR ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE wake_loop_isrsafe() { esphome::wake_loop_isrsafe(); }
#endif
/// Wake from any context (ISR, thread, callback).
static void IRAM_ATTR wake_loop_any_context() { esphome::wake_loop_any_context(); }
protected:
friend Component;
#ifdef USE_HOST
friend bool socket::socket_ready_fd(int fd, bool loop_monitored);
#endif
#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_STATS
friend class runtime_stats::RuntimeStatsCollector;
#endif
friend void ::setup();
friend void ::original_setup();
#ifdef USE_HOST
friend void wake_loop_threadsafe(); // Host platform accesses wake_socket_fd_
#endif
#ifdef USE_HOST
bool is_socket_ready_(int fd) const { return FD_ISSET(fd, &this->read_fds_); }
#endif
/// Walk all registered components looking for any whose component_state_
/// has the given flag set. Used by Component::status_clear_*_slow_path_()
/// (which is a friend) to decide whether to clear the corresponding bit on
/// this->app_state_ (the app-wide "any component has this status" indicator).
bool any_component_has_status_flag_(uint8_t flag) const;
/// Register a component, detecting loop() override at compile time.
/// Uses HasLoopOverride<T> which handles ambiguous &T::loop from multiple inheritance.
template<typename T> void register_component_(T *comp) {
this->register_component_impl_(comp, HasLoopOverride<T>::value);
}
void register_component_impl_(Component *comp, bool has_loop);
void calculate_looping_components_() {
// FixedVector capacity was pre-initialized by codegen with the exact count
// of components that override loop(), computed at C++ compile time.
// Add all components with loop override that aren't already LOOP_DONE
// Some components (like logger) may call disable_loop() during initialization
// before setup runs, so we need to respect their LOOP_DONE state
this->add_looping_components_by_state_(false);
this->looping_components_active_end_ = this->looping_components_.size();
// Then add any components that are already LOOP_DONE to the inactive section
// This handles components that called disable_loop() during initialization
this->add_looping_components_by_state_(true);
}
void add_looping_components_by_state_(bool match_loop_done);
// These methods are called by Component::disable_loop() and Component::enable_loop()
// Components should not call these directly - use this->disable_loop() or this->enable_loop()
// to ensure component state is properly updated along with the loop partition
void disable_component_loop_(Component *component);
void enable_component_loop_(Component *component);
void enable_pending_loops_();
void activate_looping_component_(uint16_t index);
inline uint32_t ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE before_loop_tasks_(uint32_t loop_start_time);
inline void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE after_loop_tasks_() { this->in_loop_ = false; }
/// Process dump_config output one component per loop iteration.
/// Extracted from loop() to keep cold startup/reconnect logging out of the hot path.
/// Caller must ensure dump_config_at_ < components_.size().
void __attribute__((noinline)) process_dump_config_();
/// Slow path for feed_wdt(): actually calls arch_feed_wdt() and updates
/// last_wdt_feed_. Out of line so the inline wrapper stays tiny. Does NOT
/// touch status_led — that's gated separately via service_status_led_slow_
/// because the two rate limits have very different safe ranges (~ seconds
/// for WDT, < 250 ms for LED blink rendering).
void feed_wdt_slow_(uint32_t time);
#ifdef USE_STATUS_LED
/// Slow path for the status_led dispatch rate limit. Runs the status_led
/// component's loop() based on its state (LOOP / LOOP_DONE with status
/// bits set), and updates last_status_led_service_. Out of line to keep
/// the feed_wdt_with_time hot path a couple of load+branch sequences.
void service_status_led_slow_(uint32_t time);
#endif
/// Perform a delay while also monitoring socket file descriptors for readiness
#ifdef USE_HOST
// select() fallback path is too complex to inline (host platform)
void yield_with_select_(uint32_t delay_ms);
#else
inline void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE yield_with_select_(uint32_t delay_ms);
#endif
#ifdef USE_HOST
void setup_wake_loop_threadsafe_(); // Create wake notification socket
inline void drain_wake_notifications_(); // Read pending wake notifications in main loop (hot path - inlined)
#endif
// === Member variables ordered by size to minimize padding ===
// Pointer-sized members first
Component *current_component_{nullptr};
// std::vector (3 pointers each: begin, end, capacity)
// Partitioned vector design for looping components
// =================================================
// Components are partitioned into [active | inactive] sections:
//
// looping_components_: [A, B, C, D | E, F]
// ^
// looping_components_active_end_ (4)
//
// - Components A,B,C,D are active and will be called in loop()
// - Components E,F are inactive (disabled/failed) and won't be called
// - No flag checking needed during iteration - just loop 0 to active_end_
// - When a component is disabled, it's swapped with the last active component
// and active_end_ is decremented
// - When a component is enabled, it's swapped with the first inactive component
// and active_end_ is incremented
// - This eliminates branch mispredictions from flag checking in the hot loop
FixedVector<Component *> looping_components_{};
#ifdef USE_HOST
std::vector<int> socket_fds_; // Vector of all monitored socket file descriptors
#endif
#ifdef USE_HOST
int wake_socket_fd_{-1}; // Shared wake notification socket for waking main loop from tasks
#endif
// StringRef members (8 bytes each: pointer + size)
StringRef name_;
StringRef friendly_name_;
// 4-byte members
uint32_t last_loop_{0};
uint32_t loop_component_start_time_{0};
uint32_t last_wdt_feed_{0}; // millis() of most recent arch_feed_wdt(); rate-limits feed_wdt() hot path
#ifdef USE_STATUS_LED
// millis() of most recent status_led dispatch; rate-limits independently of last_wdt_feed_
uint32_t last_status_led_service_{0};
#endif
#ifdef USE_HOST
int max_fd_{-1}; // Highest file descriptor number for select()
#endif
// 2-byte members (grouped together for alignment)
uint16_t dump_config_at_{std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max()}; // Index into components_ for dump_config progress
uint16_t loop_interval_{16}; // Loop interval in ms (max 65535ms = 65.5 seconds)
uint16_t looping_components_active_end_{0}; // Index marking end of active components in looping_components_
uint16_t current_loop_index_{0}; // For safe reentrant modifications during iteration
// 1-byte members (grouped together to minimize padding)
uint8_t app_state_{0};
bool name_add_mac_suffix_;
bool in_loop_{false};
volatile bool has_pending_enable_loop_requests_{false};
#ifdef USE_HOST
bool socket_fds_changed_{false}; // Flag to rebuild base_read_fds_ when socket_fds_ changes
#endif
#ifdef USE_HOST
// Variable-sized members (not needed with fast select — is_socket_ready_ reads rcvevent directly)
fd_set read_fds_{}; // Working fd_set: populated by select()
fd_set base_read_fds_{}; // Cached fd_set rebuilt only when socket_fds_ changes
#endif
// StaticVectors (largest members - contain actual array data inline)
StaticVector<Component *, ESPHOME_COMPONENT_COUNT> components_{};
#ifdef USE_DEVICES
StaticVector<Device *, ESPHOME_DEVICE_COUNT> devices_{};
#endif
#ifdef USE_AREAS
StaticVector<Area *, ESPHOME_AREA_COUNT> areas_{};
#endif
// Entity StaticVector fields (generated from entity_types.h)
// NOLINTBEGIN(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
#define ENTITY_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper) StaticVector<type *, count> plural##_{};
#define ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper, callback) \
ENTITY_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper)
#include "esphome/core/entity_types.h"
#undef ENTITY_TYPE_
#undef ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_
// NOLINTEND(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
StaticVector<serial_proxy::SerialProxy *, SERIAL_PROXY_COUNT> serial_proxies_{};
#endif
};
/// Global storage of Application pointer - only one Application can exist.
extern Application App; // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
#ifdef USE_HOST
// Inline implementations for hot-path functions
// drain_wake_notifications_() is called on every loop iteration
// Small buffer for draining wake notification bytes (1 byte sent per wake)
// Size allows draining multiple notifications per recvfrom() without wasting stack
static constexpr size_t WAKE_NOTIFY_DRAIN_BUFFER_SIZE = 16;
inline void Application::drain_wake_notifications_() {
// Called from main loop to drain any pending wake notifications
// Must check is_socket_ready_() to avoid blocking on empty socket
if (this->wake_socket_fd_ >= 0 && this->is_socket_ready_(this->wake_socket_fd_)) {
char buffer[WAKE_NOTIFY_DRAIN_BUFFER_SIZE];
// Drain all pending notifications with non-blocking reads
// Multiple wake events may have triggered multiple writes, so drain until EWOULDBLOCK
// We control both ends of this loopback socket (always write 1 byte per wake),
// so no error checking needed - any errors indicate catastrophic system failure
while (::recvfrom(this->wake_socket_fd_, buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0, nullptr, nullptr) > 0) {
// Just draining, no action needed - wake has already occurred
}
}
}
#endif // USE_HOST
inline uint32_t ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE Application::before_loop_tasks_(uint32_t loop_start_time) {
#ifdef USE_HOST
// Drain wake notifications first to clear socket for next wake
this->drain_wake_notifications_();
#endif
// Scheduler::call feeds the WDT per item and returns the timestamp of the
// last fired item, or the input unchanged when nothing ran.
uint32_t last_op_end_time = this->scheduler.call(loop_start_time);
// Process any pending enable_loop requests from ISRs
// This must be done before marking in_loop_ = true to avoid race conditions
if (this->has_pending_enable_loop_requests_) {
// Clear flag BEFORE processing to avoid race condition
// If ISR sets it during processing, we'll catch it next loop iteration
// This is safe because:
// 1. Each component has its own pending_enable_loop_ flag that we check
// 2. If we can't process a component (wrong state), enable_pending_loops_()
// will set this flag back to true
// 3. Any new ISR requests during processing will set the flag again
this->has_pending_enable_loop_requests_ = false;
this->enable_pending_loops_();
}
// Mark that we're in the loop for safe reentrant modifications
this->in_loop_ = true;
return last_op_end_time;
}
inline void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE Application::loop() {
#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_STATS
// Capture the start of the active (non-sleeping) portion of this iteration.
// Used to derive main-loop overhead = active time Σ(component time)
// before/tail splits recorded below.
uint32_t loop_active_start_us = micros();
// Snapshot the cumulative component-recorded time so we can subtract the
// slice that the scheduler spends inside its own WarnIfComponentBlockingGuard
// (scheduler.cpp) — that time is already counted in per-component stats,
// so charging it again to "before" would double-count.
uint64_t loop_recorded_snap = ComponentRuntimeStats::global_recorded_us;
#endif
// Get the initial loop time at the start
uint32_t last_op_end_time = MillisInternal::get();
// Returned timestamp keeps us monotonic with last_wdt_feed_ (advanced by
// the scheduler's per-item feeds) without an extra millis() call.
last_op_end_time = this->before_loop_tasks_(last_op_end_time);
// Guarantee a WDT touch every tick — covers configs with no looping
// components and no scheduler work, where the per-item / per-component
// feeds never fire. Rate-limited inline fast path, ~free when unneeded.
this->feed_wdt_with_time(last_op_end_time);
#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_STATS
uint32_t loop_before_end_us = micros();
uint64_t loop_before_scheduled_us = ComponentRuntimeStats::global_recorded_us - loop_recorded_snap;
#endif
for (this->current_loop_index_ = 0; this->current_loop_index_ < this->looping_components_active_end_;
this->current_loop_index_++) {
Component *component = this->looping_components_[this->current_loop_index_];
// Update the cached time before each component runs
this->loop_component_start_time_ = last_op_end_time;
{
this->set_current_component(component);
WarnIfComponentBlockingGuard guard{component, last_op_end_time};
component->loop();
// Use the finish method to get the current time as the end time
last_op_end_time = guard.finish();
}
this->feed_wdt_with_time(last_op_end_time);
}
#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_STATS
uint32_t loop_tail_start_us = micros();
#endif
this->after_loop_tasks_();
#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_STATS
// Process any pending runtime stats printing after all components have run
// This ensures stats printing doesn't affect component timing measurements
if (global_runtime_stats != nullptr) {
uint32_t loop_now_us = micros();
// Subtract scheduled-component time from the "before" bucket so it is
// not double-counted (it is already attributed to per-component stats).
uint32_t loop_before_wall_us = loop_before_end_us - loop_active_start_us;
uint32_t loop_before_overhead_us = loop_before_wall_us > loop_before_scheduled_us
? loop_before_wall_us - static_cast<uint32_t>(loop_before_scheduled_us)
: 0;
global_runtime_stats->record_loop_active(loop_now_us - loop_active_start_us, loop_before_overhead_us,
loop_now_us - loop_tail_start_us);
global_runtime_stats->process_pending_stats(last_op_end_time);
}
#endif
// Use the last component's end time instead of calling millis() again
uint32_t delay_time = 0;
auto elapsed = last_op_end_time - this->last_loop_;
if (elapsed < this->loop_interval_ && !HighFrequencyLoopRequester::is_high_frequency()) {
delay_time = this->loop_interval_ - elapsed;
uint32_t next_schedule = this->scheduler.next_schedule_in(last_op_end_time).value_or(delay_time);
// next_schedule is max 0.5*delay_time
// otherwise interval=0 schedules result in constant looping with almost no sleep
next_schedule = std::max(next_schedule, delay_time / 2);
delay_time = std::min(next_schedule, delay_time);
}
this->yield_with_select_(delay_time);
this->last_loop_ = last_op_end_time;
if (this->dump_config_at_ < this->components_.size()) {
this->process_dump_config_();
}
}
// Inline yield_with_select_ for all paths except the select() fallback
#ifndef USE_HOST
inline void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE Application::yield_with_select_(uint32_t delay_ms) {
#ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
// Fast path (ESP32/LibreTiny): FreeRTOS task notifications posted by the lwip
// event_callback wrapper (see lwip_fast_select.c) are the single source of truth for
// socket wake-ups. Every NETCONN_EVT_RCVPLUS posts an xTaskNotifyGive, so any notification
// that lands between wakes keeps the counter non-zero (next ulTaskNotifyTake returns
// immediately) or wakes a blocked Take directly. Additional wake sources:
// wake_loop_threadsafe() from background tasks, and the delay_ms timeout.
if (delay_ms == 0) [[unlikely]] {
yield();
return;
}
#endif
esphome::internal::wakeable_delay(delay_ms);
}
#endif // !USE_HOST
} // namespace esphome