Add Clipping to displaybuffer (#4271)

* adding Clipping support to the displaybuffer
- add rect structure

* removed unused define

* add missing property for storing the clipped areas

* include log header

* Move Rect method's code to cpp file
- removed obsolete remarks

* fixed reported issues

* make Rect class methods public

* clang fix

* Remove commented code

* Renaming clipping methods

* Multiple changes:
- replaced 32766 with VALUE_NO_SET
- fixed the way *_clipping(left, top, right, bottom) is stored
- add `is_clipping();`
- make sure that all clipped region are closed after `do_update_()`
- rename de parameters for `Rect::expand();`

* remove unneeded space

* replace define with static const uint8_t

* correcting my copy paste mistake

---------

Co-authored-by: Jesse Hills <3060199+jesserockz@users.noreply.github.com>

esphome/components/display/display_buffer.cpp

@@ -15,6 +15,84 @@ static const char *const TAG = "display";
 const Color COLOR_OFF(0, 0, 0, 0);
 const Color COLOR_ON(255, 255, 255, 255);
 
+void Rect::expand(int16_t horizontal, int16_t vertical) {
+  if ((*this).is_set() && ((*this).w >= (-2 * horizontal)) && ((*this).h >= (-2 * vertical))) {
+    (*this).x = (*this).x - horizontal;
+    (*this).y = (*this).y - vertical;
+    (*this).w = (*this).w + (2 * horizontal);
+    (*this).h = (*this).h + (2 * vertical);
+  }
+}
+
+void Rect::extend(Rect rect) {
+  if (!this->is_set()) {
+    this->x = rect.x;
+    this->y = rect.y;
+    this->w = rect.w;
+    this->h = rect.h;
+  } else {
+    if (this->x > rect.x) {
+      this->x = rect.x;
+    }
+    if (this->y > rect.y) {
+      this->y = rect.y;
+    }
+    if (this->x2() < rect.x2()) {
+      this->w = rect.x2() - this->x;
+    }
+    if (this->y2() < rect.y2()) {
+      this->h = rect.y2() - this->y;
+    }
+  }
+}
+void Rect::shrink(Rect rect) {
+  if (!this->inside(rect)) {
+    (*this) = Rect();
+  } else {
+    if (this->x < rect.x) {
+      this->x = rect.x;
+    }
+    if (this->y < rect.y) {
+      this->y = rect.y;
+    }
+    if (this->x2() > rect.x2()) {
+      this->w = rect.x2() - this->x;
+    }
+    if (this->y2() > rect.y2()) {
+      this->h = rect.y2() - this->y;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool Rect::inside(int16_t x, int16_t y, bool absolute) {  // NOLINT
+  if (!this->is_set()) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (absolute) {
+    return ((x >= 0) && (x <= this->w) && (y >= 0) && (y <= this->h));
+  } else {
+    return ((x >= this->x) && (x <= this->x2()) && (y >= this->y) && (y <= this->y2()));
+  }
+}
+
+bool Rect::inside(Rect rect, bool absolute) {
+  if (!this->is_set() || !rect.is_set()) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (absolute) {
+    return ((rect.x <= this->w) && (rect.w >= 0) && (rect.y <= this->h) && (rect.h >= 0));
+  } else {
+    return ((rect.x <= this->x2()) && (rect.x2() >= this->x) && (rect.y <= this->y2()) && (rect.y2() >= this->y));
+  }
+}
+
+void Rect::info(const std::string &prefix) {
+  if (this->is_set()) {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "%s [%3d,%3d,%3d,%3d]", prefix.c_str(), this->x, this->y, this->w, this->h);
+  } else
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "%s ** IS NOT SET **", prefix.c_str());
+}
+
 void DisplayBuffer::init_internal_(uint32_t buffer_length) {
   ExternalRAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator(ExternalRAMAllocator<uint8_t>::ALLOW_FAILURE);
   this->buffer_ = allocator.allocate(buffer_length);
@@ -24,6 +102,7 @@ void DisplayBuffer::init_internal_(uint32_t buffer_length) {
   }
   this->clear();
 }
+
 void DisplayBuffer::fill(Color color) { this->filled_rectangle(0, 0, this->get_width(), this->get_height(), color); }
 void DisplayBuffer::clear() { this->fill(COLOR_OFF); }
 int DisplayBuffer::get_width() {
@@ -50,6 +129,9 @@ int DisplayBuffer::get_height() {
 }
 void DisplayBuffer::set_rotation(DisplayRotation rotation) { this->rotation_ = rotation; }
 void HOT DisplayBuffer::draw_pixel_at(int x, int y, Color color) {
+  if (!this->get_clipping().inside(x, y))
+    return;  // NOLINT
+
   switch (this->rotation_) {
     case DISPLAY_ROTATION_0_DEGREES:
       break;
@@ -368,6 +450,10 @@ void DisplayBuffer::do_update_() {
   } else if (this->writer_.has_value()) {
     (*this->writer_)(*this);
   }
+  // remove all not ended clipping regions
+  while (is_clipping()) {
+    end_clipping();
+  }
 }
 void DisplayOnPageChangeTrigger::process(DisplayPage *from, DisplayPage *to) {
   if ((this->from_ == nullptr || this->from_ == from) && (this->to_ == nullptr || this->to_ == to))
@@ -392,6 +478,41 @@ void DisplayBuffer::strftime(int x, int y, Font *font, const char *format, time:
 }
 #endif
 
+void DisplayBuffer::start_clipping(Rect rect) {
+  if (!this->clipping_rectangle_.empty()) {
+    Rect r = this->clipping_rectangle_.back();
+    rect.shrink(r);
+  }
+  this->clipping_rectangle_.push_back(rect);
+}
+void DisplayBuffer::end_clipping() {
+  if (this->clipping_rectangle_.empty()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "clear: Clipping is not set.");
+  } else {
+    this->clipping_rectangle_.pop_back();
+  }
+}
+void DisplayBuffer::extend_clipping(Rect add_rect) {
+  if (this->clipping_rectangle_.empty()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "add: Clipping is not set.");
+  } else {
+    this->clipping_rectangle_.back().extend(add_rect);
+  }
+}
+void DisplayBuffer::shrink_clipping(Rect add_rect) {
+  if (this->clipping_rectangle_.empty()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "add: Clipping is not set.");
+  } else {
+    this->clipping_rectangle_.back().shrink(add_rect);
+  }
+}
+Rect DisplayBuffer::get_clipping() {
+  if (this->clipping_rectangle_.empty()) {
+    return Rect();
+  } else {
+    return this->clipping_rectangle_.back();
+  }
+}
 bool Glyph::get_pixel(int x, int y) const {
   const int x_data = x - this->glyph_data_->offset_x;
   const int y_data = y - this->glyph_data_->offset_y;