[esp32] Redefine __FILE__ to the basename so assert paths stay out of RAM (#19106)

tests/component_tests/esp32/config/file_macro_idf_5_0.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+    version: 5.0.6

tests/component_tests/esp32/test_esp32.py

@@ -658,6 +658,27 @@ def test_platformio_arduino_enables_reproducible_build(
     assert sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_APP_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD") is True
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("config_file", "expected"),
+    [
+        ("reproducible_build.yaml", True),
+        ("reproducible_build_arduino.yaml", True),
+        ("file_macro_idf_5_0.yaml", False),
+    ],
+)
+def test_file_macro_is_basename_only(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+    config_file: str,
+    expected: bool,
+) -> None:
+    """__FILE__ becomes the basename on GCC 12 toolchains; IDF 5.0 (GCC 11) is skipped."""
+    generate_main(component_config_path(config_file))
+
+    assert ("-D__FILE__=__FILE_NAME__" in CORE.build_flags) is expected
+    assert ("-Wno-builtin-macro-redefined" in CORE.build_flags) is expected
+
+
 def test_native_idf_enables_reproducible_build(
     component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
 ) -> None: