From ecca240eef2b79baa85d3eca6665a333e11c0e62 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jesse Hills <3060199+jesserockz@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 21 Aug 2026 02:26:16 +1200
Subject: [PATCH] [core] Add type annotations to component Python (2/11)
 (#18339)

Co-authored-by: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/cm1106/sensor.py           | 12 +++++--
 esphome/components/esp_ldo/__init__.py        | 22 +++++++++----
 esphome/components/ili9xxx/display.py         | 13 ++++----
 esphome/components/it8951/display.py          | 32 +++++++++++++------
 esphome/components/mapping/__init__.py        | 17 ++++++----
 esphome/components/mipi_dsi/display.py        |  9 +++---
 esphome/components/mipi_rgb/display.py        | 14 ++++----
 esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/st7701s.py |  2 +-
 esphome/components/mipi_spi/display.py        | 15 +++++----
 esphome/components/online_image/image.py      | 10 ++++--
 .../components/packet_transport/__init__.py   | 27 +++++++++-------
 .../packet_transport/binary_sensor.py         |  5 +--
 esphome/components/packet_transport/sensor.py |  3 +-
 esphome/components/pca9554/__init__.py        | 12 ++++---
 esphome/components/qspi_dbi/display.py        | 16 ++++++----
 esphome/components/qspi_dbi/models.py         | 10 +++---
 esphome/components/rpi_dpi_rgb/display.py     |  9 ++++--
 esphome/components/sdl/binary_sensor.py       |  3 +-
 esphome/components/sdl/display.py             |  9 ++++--
 .../components/sdl/touchscreen/__init__.py    |  3 +-
 esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/__init__.py |  3 +-
 .../seeed_mr24hpc1/binary_sensor.py           |  3 +-
 .../seeed_mr24hpc1/button/__init__.py         |  3 +-
 .../seeed_mr24hpc1/number/__init__.py         |  3 +-
 .../seeed_mr24hpc1/select/__init__.py         |  3 +-
 esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/sensor.py   |  3 +-
 .../seeed_mr24hpc1/switch/__init__.py         |  3 +-
 .../components/seeed_mr24hpc1/text_sensor.py  |  3 +-
 esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/__init__.py |  3 +-
 .../seeed_mr60bha2/binary_sensor.py           |  3 +-
 esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/sensor.py   |  3 +-
 esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/__init__.py |  3 +-
 .../seeed_mr60fda2/binary_sensor.py           |  3 +-
 .../seeed_mr60fda2/button/__init__.py         |  3 +-
 .../seeed_mr60fda2/select/__init__.py         |  3 +-
 esphome/components/st7701s/display.py         | 11 ++++---
 esphome/components/st7701s/init_sequences.py  |  2 +-
 esphome/components/udp/__init__.py            | 22 +++++++++----
 .../udp/packet_transport/__init__.py          |  3 +-
 esphome/components/usb_uart/__init__.py       | 19 +++++------
 40 files changed, 220 insertions(+), 125 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/cm1106/sensor.py b/esphome/components/cm1106/sensor.py
index 3c82fac977..936c5fc673 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cm1106/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cm1106/sensor.py
@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@andrewjswan"]
@@ -44,7 +47,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config) -> None:
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Code generation entry point."""
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
@@ -67,7 +70,12 @@ CALIBRATION_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
     CALIBRATION_ACTION_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def cm1106_calibration_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args) -> None:
+async def cm1106_calibration_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     """Service code generation entry point."""
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp_ldo/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp_ldo/__init__.py
index a489651b59..46810d422d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp_ldo/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp_ldo/__init__.py
@@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome.automation import Action, register_action
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.esp32 import VARIANT_ESP32P4, only_on_variant
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ID, CONF_VOLTAGE
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 from esphome.final_validate import full_config
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@clydebarrow"]
 
@@ -22,7 +27,7 @@ CONF_PASSTHROUGH = "passthrough"
 adjusted_ids = set()
 
 
-def validate_ldo_voltage(value):
+def validate_ldo_voltage(value: Any) -> str | float:
     if isinstance(value, str) and value.lower() == CONF_PASSTHROUGH:
         return CONF_PASSTHROUGH
     value = cv.voltage(value)
@@ -33,7 +38,7 @@ def validate_ldo_voltage(value):
     )
 
 
-def validate_ldo_config(config):
+def validate_ldo_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     channel = config[CONF_CHANNEL]
     allow_internal = config[CONF_ALLOW_INTERNAL_CHANNEL]
     if allow_internal and channel not in CHANNELS_INTERNAL:
@@ -77,7 +82,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(configs):
+async def to_code(configs: list[ConfigType]) -> None:
     for config in configs:
         var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], config[CONF_CHANNEL])
         await cg.register_component(var, config)
@@ -89,7 +94,7 @@ async def to_code(configs):
         cg.add(var.set_adjustable(config[CONF_ADJUSTABLE]))
 
 
-def final_validate(configs):
+def final_validate(configs: list[ConfigType]) -> None:
     for channel in CHANNELS:
         used = [config for config in configs if config[CONF_CHANNEL] == channel]
         if len(used) > 1:
@@ -112,7 +117,7 @@ def final_validate(configs):
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = final_validate
 
 
-def adjusted_ldo_id(value):
+def adjusted_ldo_id(value: Any) -> ID:
     value = cv.use_id(EspLdo)(value)
     adjusted_ids.add(value)
     return value
@@ -131,7 +136,12 @@ def adjusted_ldo_id(value):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def ldo_voltage_adjust_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def ldo_voltage_adjust_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, parent)
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_VOLTAGE], args, cg.float_)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ili9xxx/display.py b/esphome/components/ili9xxx/display.py
index b1d332c1e5..64f87c167c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ili9xxx/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ili9xxx/display.py
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, HexInt
 from esphome.final_validate import full_config
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
 
@@ -91,7 +92,7 @@ CONF_INVERT_DISPLAY = "invert_display"
 CONF_PIXEL_MODE = "pixel_mode"
 
 
-def cmd(c, *args):
+def cmd(c: int, *args: int) -> list[int]:
     """
     Create a command sequence
     :param c: The command (8 bit)
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ def cmd(c, *args):
     return [c, len(args)] + list(args)
 
 
-def map_sequence(value):
+def map_sequence(value: list[int]) -> list[int]:
     """
     An initialisation sequence is a literal array of data bytes.
     The format is a repeated sequence of [CMD, <data>]
@@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ def map_sequence(value):
     return cmd(*value)
 
 
-def _validate(config):
+def _validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if (
         config.get(CONF_COLOR_PALETTE) == "IMAGE_ADAPTIVE"
         and CONF_COLOR_PALETTE_IMAGES not in config
@@ -196,7 +197,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def final_validate(config):
+def final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     global_config = full_config.get()
     # Ideally would calculate buffer size here, but that info is not available on the Python side
     needs_buffer = (
@@ -218,7 +219,7 @@ def final_validate(config):
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     LOGGER.warning(
         "The 'ili9xxx' component is deprecated, it is recommended to use 'mipi_spi' instead."
     )
@@ -278,7 +279,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add(var.set_buffer_color_mode(ILI9XXXColorMode.BITS_8_INDEXED))
         from PIL import Image
 
-        def load_image(filename):
+        def load_image(filename: str) -> Image.Image:
             path = CORE.relative_config_path(filename)
             try:
                 return Image.open(path)
diff --git a/esphome/components/it8951/display.py b/esphome/components/it8951/display.py
index bdc68b5257..57bf86c4c6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/it8951/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/it8951/display.py
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 ESPHome configuration for the IT8951 e-paper controller.
 """
 
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import automation, core, pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import display, spi
@@ -33,8 +36,10 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL,
     CONF_WIDTH,
 )
-from esphome.cpp_generator import RawExpression
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, RawExpression, TemplateArgsType
 from esphome.final_validate import full_config
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["split_buffer"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["spi"]
@@ -97,16 +102,16 @@ class IT8951Model:
 
     models: dict[str, "IT8951Model"] = {}
 
-    def __init__(self, name: str, **defaults):
+    def __init__(self, name: str, **defaults: Any) -> None:
         name = name.upper()
         self.name = name
         self.defaults = defaults
         IT8951Model.models[name] = self
 
-    def get_default(self, key, fallback=None):
+    def get_default(self, key: str, fallback: Any = None) -> Any:
         return self.defaults.get(key, fallback)
 
-    def get_dimensions(self, config) -> tuple[int, int]:
+    def get_dimensions(self, config: ConfigType) -> tuple[int, int]:
         # If dimensions are in config, use them; otherwise fall back to model defaults.
         if CONF_DIMENSIONS in config:
             dimensions = config[CONF_DIMENSIONS]
@@ -181,14 +186,16 @@ DIMENSION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-def _model_pin_option(model, key, schema):
+def _model_pin_option(
+    model: IT8951Model, key: str, schema: Callable[[Any], Any]
+) -> tuple[cv.Optional | cv.Required, Callable[[Any], Any]]:
     default = model.get_default(key)
     if default is None:
         return cv.Required(key), schema
     return cv.Optional(key, default=default), schema
 
 
-def _model_schema(config):
+def _model_schema(config: ConfigType) -> cv.Schema:
     model = IT8951Model.models[config[CONF_MODEL]]
     has_default_dimensions = (
         model.get_default(CONF_WIDTH) is not None
@@ -293,7 +300,7 @@ def _model_schema(config):
     return schema.extend(pin_extra)
 
 
-def _customise_schema(config):
+def _customise_schema(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     config = cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.Required(CONF_MODEL): cv.one_of(
@@ -336,7 +343,7 @@ def _customise_schema(config):
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = _customise_schema
 
 
-def _final_validate(config) -> None:
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # IT8951 reads from SPI (DevInfo, VCOM, register reads) so MISO is required.
     spi.final_validate_device_schema("it8951", require_miso=True, require_mosi=True)(
         config
@@ -356,7 +363,7 @@ def _final_validate(config) -> None:
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     model = IT8951Model.models[config[CONF_MODEL]]
     width, height = model.get_dimensions(config)
 
@@ -423,7 +430,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def it8951_update_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def it8951_update_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     display_var = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, display_var)
     if mode := config.get(CONF_MODE):
diff --git a/esphome/components/mapping/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mapping/__init__.py
index 3c7d78a27b..cd846877ae 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mapping/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mapping/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from collections.abc import Callable
 import difflib
+from typing import Any
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.const import KEY_METADATA
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ from esphome.cpp_generator import (
     add_global,
 )
 from esphome.loader import get_component
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@clydebarrow"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
@@ -32,13 +34,16 @@ class IndexType:
     """
 
     def __init__(
-        self, validator: Callable, data_type: MockObj, conversion: Callable = None
+        self,
+        validator: Callable,
+        data_type: MockObj,
+        conversion: Callable | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         self.validator = validator
         self.data_type = data_type
         self.conversion = conversion
 
-    async def convert_value(self, value):
+    async def convert_value(self, value: Any) -> Any:
         if self.conversion:
             return self.conversion(value)
         return await cg.get_variable(value)
@@ -60,7 +65,7 @@ class MappingMetaData:
         self.to_ = to_
 
 
-def to_schema(value):
+def to_schema(value: Any) -> str:
     """
     Generate a schema for the 'to' field of a map. This can be either one of the index types or a class name.
     :param value:
@@ -82,7 +87,7 @@ BASE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-def get_object_type(to_) -> MockObjClass | None:
+def get_object_type(to_: str) -> MockObjClass | None:
     """
     Get the object type from a string. Possible formats:
        xxx The name of a component which defines INSTANCE_TYPE
@@ -121,7 +126,7 @@ def add_metadata(
     get_all_mapping_metadata()[mapping_id.id] = MappingMetaData(from_, to_)
 
 
-def map_schema(config):
+def map_schema(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     config = BASE_SCHEMA(config)
     if CONF_ENTRIES not in config or not isinstance(config[CONF_ENTRIES], dict):
         raise cv.Invalid("an entries dictionary is required for a mapping")
@@ -163,7 +168,7 @@ def map_schema(config):
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = map_schema
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     varid = config[CONF_ID]
     metadata = get_mapping_metadata(varid.id)
     entries = {
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/display.py b/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/display.py
index 8c125a9606..b23982655a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/display.py
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_WIDTH,
 )
 from esphome.final_validate import full_config
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import mipi_dsi_ns, models
 from .models import DsiDriverChip
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ COLOR_DEPTHS = {
 }
 
 
-def model_schema(config):
+def model_schema(config: ConfigType) -> cv.All:
     model = MODELS[config[CONF_MODEL].upper()]
     transform = model.transform_schema()
     # CUSTOM model will need to provide a custom init sequence
@@ -148,7 +149,7 @@ def model_schema(config):
 
 
 @model_schema_extractor(MODELS, model_schema)
-def _config_schema(config):
+def _config_schema(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     config = cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.Required(CONF_MODEL): cv.one_of(*MODELS, upper=True),
@@ -175,7 +176,7 @@ def _config_schema(config):
     return config
 
 
-def _final_validate(config) -> None:
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     global_config = full_config.get()
 
     from esphome.components.lvgl import DOMAIN as LVGL_DOMAIN
@@ -189,7 +190,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = _config_schema
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     model = MODELS[config[CONF_MODEL].upper()]
     color_depth = COLOR_DEPTHS[get_color_depth(config)]
     pixel_mode = int(config[CONF_PIXEL_MODE].removesuffix("bit"))
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/display.py b/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/display.py
index 897088a257..e23e19a000 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/display.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import importlib
 import pkgutil
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -72,6 +73,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_WIDTH,
 )
 from esphome.final_validate import full_config
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import models
 from .models import RgbDriverChip
@@ -97,7 +99,7 @@ for module_info in pkgutil.iter_modules(models.__path__):
 MODELS = DriverChip.get_models()
 
 
-def data_pin_validate(value):
+def data_pin_validate(value: Any) -> ConfigType:
     """
     It is safe to use strapping pins as RGB output data bits, as they are outputs only,
     and not initialised until after boot.
@@ -112,14 +114,14 @@ def data_pin_validate(value):
     return DATA_PIN_SCHEMA(value)
 
 
-def data_pin_set(length):
+def data_pin_set(length: int) -> cv.All:
     return cv.All(
         [data_pin_validate],
         cv.Length(min=length, max=length, msg=f"Exactly {length} data pins required"),
     )
 
 
-def model_schema(config):
+def model_schema(config: ConfigType) -> cv.Schema:
     model = MODELS[config[CONF_MODEL].upper()]
     transform = model.transform_schema()
     # RPI model does not use an init sequence, indicates with empty list
@@ -213,7 +215,7 @@ def model_schema(config):
 
 
 @model_schema_extractor(MODELS, model_schema)
-def _config_schema(config):
+def _config_schema(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     config = cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.Required(CONF_MODEL): cv.one_of(*MODELS, upper=True),
@@ -248,7 +250,7 @@ def _config_schema(config):
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = _config_schema
 
 
-def _final_validate(config) -> None:
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     global_config = full_config.get()
 
     from esphome.components.lvgl import DOMAIN as LVGL_DOMAIN
@@ -265,7 +267,7 @@ def _final_validate(config) -> None:
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     model = MODELS[config[CONF_MODEL].upper()]
     width, height, _offset_width, _offset_height, _pad_width, _pad_height = (
         model.get_dimensions(config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/st7701s.py b/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/st7701s.py
index a20e9d1c01..cad5dc8e20 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/st7701s.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/st7701s.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ SDIR_CMD = 0xC7
 
 class ST7701S(RgbDriverChip):
     # The ST7701s does not use the standard MADCTL bits for x/y mirroring
-    def add_madctl(self, sequence: list, config: dict):
+    def add_madctl(self, sequence: list, config: dict) -> int:
         transform = self.get_transform(config)
         madctl = 0x00
         if config[CONF_COLOR_ORDER] == MODE_BGR:
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/display.py b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/display.py
index 246db237b1..e8b54da5c7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/display.py
@@ -53,8 +53,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TRANSFORM,
     CONF_WIDTH,
 )
-from esphome.cpp_generator import TemplateArguments
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass, TemplateArguments
 from esphome.final_validate import full_config
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_BUS_MODE, CONF_SPI_16, DOMAIN, models
 
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ DISPLAY_PIXEL_MODES = {
 }
 
 
-def denominator(config):
+def denominator(config: ConfigType) -> int:
     """
     Calculate the best denominator for a buffer size fraction.
     The denominator should be a number between 2 and 16 that divides the display height evenly,
@@ -132,7 +133,7 @@ def denominator(config):
         return next(x for x in range(2, 17) if frac >= 1 / x)
 
 
-def model_schema(config):
+def model_schema(config: ConfigType) -> cv.All | cv.Schema:
     model = MODELS[config[CONF_MODEL]]
     bus_mode = config[CONF_BUS_MODE]
     transform = model.transform_schema()
@@ -238,7 +239,7 @@ def model_schema(config):
 
 
 @model_schema_extractor(MODELS, model_schema, extra={CONF_BUS_MODE: TYPE_SINGLE})
-def customise_schema(config):
+def customise_schema(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """
     Create a customised config schema for a specific model and validate the configuration.
     :param config: The configuration dictionary to validate
@@ -305,7 +306,7 @@ def customise_schema(config):
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = customise_schema
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     global_config = full_config.get()
     model = MODELS[config[CONF_MODEL]]
 
@@ -341,7 +342,7 @@ def _final_validate(config):
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-def get_instance(config):
+def get_instance(config: ConfigType) -> tuple[MockObjClass, list]:
     """
     Get the type of MipiSpi instance to create based on the configuration,
     and the template arguments.
@@ -394,7 +395,7 @@ def get_instance(config):
     return MipiSpi, templateargs
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     model = MODELS[config[CONF_MODEL]]
     var_id = config[CONF_ID]
     init_sequence = model.get_sequence(config, add_madctl=False, add_reset=True)
diff --git a/esphome/components/online_image/image.py b/esphome/components/online_image/image.py
index cb86f93e29..ae785d17f9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/online_image/image.py
+++ b/esphome/components/online_image/image.py
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ from esphome.components.http_request import CONF_HTTP_REQUEST_ID, HttpRequestCom
 from esphome.components.image import CONF_TRANSPARENCY, add_metadata
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_BUFFER_SIZE, CONF_ID, CONF_ON_ERROR, CONF_TYPE, CONF_URL
-from esphome.core import Lambda
+from esphome.core import ID, Lambda
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["runtime_image"]
@@ -89,7 +90,12 @@ RELEASE_IMAGE_SCHEMA = automation.maybe_simple_id(
     RELEASE_IMAGE_SCHEMA,
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def online_image_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def online_image_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/packet_transport/__init__.py b/esphome/components/packet_transport/__init__.py
index 7beb13ca31..c36d421a35 100644
--- a/esphome/components/packet_transport/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/packet_transport/__init__.py
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 """ESPHome packet transport component."""
 
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterator
 import hashlib
 import logging
+from typing import Any
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.binary_sensor import BinarySensor
@@ -17,8 +19,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_PLATFORM,
     CONF_SENSORS,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE
-from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, MockObjClass
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@clydebarrow"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["xxtea"]
@@ -43,7 +46,7 @@ CONF_TRANSPORT_ID = "transport_id"
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-def sensor_validation(cls: MockObjClass):
+def sensor_validation(cls: MockObjClass) -> Callable[[Any], Any]:
     return cv.maybe_simple_value(
         cv.Schema(
             {
@@ -55,7 +58,7 @@ def sensor_validation(cls: MockObjClass):
     )
 
 
-def provider_name_validate(value):
+def provider_name_validate(value: Any) -> str:
     value = cv.valid_name(value)
     if "_" in value:
         _LOGGER.warning(
@@ -83,7 +86,7 @@ PROVIDER_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(ENCRYPTION_SCHEMA)
 
 
-def validate_(config):
+def validate_(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_ENCRYPTION in config:
         if CONF_SENSORS not in config and CONF_BINARY_SENSORS not in config:
             raise cv.Invalid("No sensors or binary sensors to encrypt")
@@ -117,11 +120,11 @@ TRANSPORT_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-def transport_schema(cls):
+def transport_schema(cls: MockObjClass) -> cv.Schema:
     return TRANSPORT_SCHEMA.extend({cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(cls)})
 
 
-def get_sensors(transport_id):
+def get_sensors(transport_id: ID) -> Iterator[ConfigType]:
     """Return the list of sensors for this platform."""
     return (
         sensor
@@ -130,7 +133,7 @@ def get_sensors(transport_id):
     )
 
 
-def validate_packet_transport_sensor(config):
+def validate_packet_transport_sensor(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if CONF_NAME in config and CONF_INTERNAL not in config:
         raise cv.Invalid("Must provide internal: config when using name:")
     conf_sensors = CORE.data.setdefault(DOMAIN, {}).setdefault(CONF_SENSORS, [])
@@ -138,7 +141,7 @@ def validate_packet_transport_sensor(config):
     return config
 
 
-def packet_transport_sensor_schema(base_schema):
+def packet_transport_sensor_schema(base_schema: cv.Schema) -> cv.Schema:
     return cv.All(
         base_schema.extend(
             {
@@ -152,11 +155,11 @@ def packet_transport_sensor_schema(base_schema):
     )
 
 
-def hash_encryption_key(config: dict):
+def hash_encryption_key(config: dict) -> list[int]:
     return list(hashlib.sha256(config[CONF_KEY].encode()).digest())
 
 
-async def register_packet_transport(var, config):
+async def register_packet_transport(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> set[str]:
     var = await cg.register_component(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_rolling_code_enable(config[CONF_ROLLING_CODE_ENABLE]))
     cg.add(var.set_ping_pong_enable(config[CONF_PING_PONG_ENABLE]))
@@ -203,7 +206,7 @@ async def register_packet_transport(var, config):
     return providers
 
 
-async def new_packet_transport(config):
+async def new_packet_transport(config: ConfigType) -> tuple[MockObj, set[str]]:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_platform_name(config[CONF_PLATFORM]))
     providers = await register_packet_transport(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/packet_transport/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/packet_transport/binary_sensor.py
index 3291ff2c59..37c4688242 100644
--- a/esphome/components/packet_transport/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/packet_transport/binary_sensor.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
 )
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import (
     CONF_ENCRYPTION,
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.typed_schema(
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config) -> None:
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     if config[CONF_TYPE] != CONF_STATUS:
         # Only run this validation if a status sensor is being configured
         return
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ def _final_validate(config) -> None:
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     comp = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_TRANSPORT_ID])
     if config[CONF_TYPE] == CONF_STATUS:
diff --git a/esphome/components/packet_transport/sensor.py b/esphome/components/packet_transport/sensor.py
index 15c0e33b30..018f1c3a9b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/packet_transport/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/packet_transport/sensor.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.sensor import new_sensor, sensor_schema
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import (
     CONF_PROVIDER,
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ from . import (
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = packet_transport_sensor_schema(sensor_schema())
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await new_sensor(config)
     comp = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_TRANSPORT_ID])
     remote_id = str(config.get(CONF_REMOTE_ID) or config.get(CONF_ID))
diff --git a/esphome/components/pca9554/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pca9554/__init__.py
index f49a68bc3f..5272df2b55 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pca9554/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pca9554/__init__.py
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_NUMBER,
     CONF_OUTPUT,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@hwstar", "@clydebarrow", "@bdraco"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["gpio_expander"]
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_pin_count(config[CONF_PIN_COUNT]))
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add(var.set_interrupt_pin(await cg.gpio_pin_expression(interrupt_pin)))
 
 
-def validate_mode(value):
+def validate_mode(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     if not (value[CONF_INPUT] or value[CONF_OUTPUT]):
         raise cv.Invalid("Mode must be either input or output")
     if value[CONF_INPUT] and value[CONF_OUTPUT]:
@@ -69,7 +71,9 @@ PCA9554_PIN_SCHEMA = pins.gpio_base_schema(
 )
 
 
-def pca9554_pin_final_validate(pin_config, parent_config):
+def pca9554_pin_final_validate(
+    pin_config: ConfigType, parent_config: ConfigType
+) -> None:
     count = parent_config[CONF_PIN_COUNT]
     if pin_config[CONF_NUMBER] >= count:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"Pin number must be in range 0-{count - 1}")
@@ -78,7 +82,7 @@ def pca9554_pin_final_validate(pin_config, parent_config):
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(
     CONF_PCA9554, PCA9554_PIN_SCHEMA, pca9554_pin_final_validate
 )
-async def pca9554_pin_to_code(config):
+async def pca9554_pin_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_PCA9554])
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/qspi_dbi/display.py b/esphome/components/qspi_dbi/display.py
index 48cd72ecdf..dce1a95687 100644
--- a/esphome/components/qspi_dbi/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/qspi_dbi/display.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import logging
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_WIDTH,
 )
 from esphome.core import TimePeriod
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_DRAW_FROM_ORIGIN
 from .models import DriverChip
@@ -49,14 +51,14 @@ DATA_PIN_SCHEMA = pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_schema
 DELAY_FLAG = 0xFF
 
 
-def validate_dimension(value):
+def validate_dimension(value: Any) -> int:
     value = cv.positive_int(value)
     if value % 2 != 0:
         raise cv.Invalid("Width/height/offset must be divisible by 2")
     return value
 
 
-def map_sequence(value):
+def map_sequence(value: Any) -> list[int]:
     """
     The format is a repeated sequence of [CMD, <data>] where <data> is s a sequence of bytes. The length is inferred
     from the length of the sequence and should not be explicit.
@@ -74,14 +76,14 @@ def map_sequence(value):
     return [value[0], len(params)] + list(params)
 
 
-def _validate(config):
+def _validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     chip = DriverChip.chips[config[CONF_MODEL]]
     if not chip.initsequence and CONF_INIT_SEQUENCE not in config:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"{chip.name} model requires init_sequence")
     return config
 
 
-def power_of_two(value):
+def power_of_two(value: Any) -> int:
     value = cv.int_range(1, 128)(value)
     if value & (value - 1) != 0:
         raise cv.Invalid("value must be a power of two")
@@ -122,11 +124,11 @@ BASE_SCHEMA = display.FULL_DISPLAY_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-def model_property(name, defaults, fallback):
+def model_property(name: str, defaults: dict[str, Any], fallback: Any) -> cv.Optional:
     return cv.Optional(name, default=defaults.get(name, fallback))
 
 
-def model_schema(defaults):
+def model_schema(defaults: dict[str, Any]) -> cv.Schema:
     transform = cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.Optional(CONF_MIRROR_X, default=False): cv.boolean,
@@ -162,7 +164,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     LOGGER.warning(
         "The 'qspi_dbi' component is deprecated, it is recommended to use 'mipi_spi' instead."
     )
diff --git a/esphome/components/qspi_dbi/models.py b/esphome/components/qspi_dbi/models.py
index 8ce592e0cf..7611279509 100644
--- a/esphome/components/qspi_dbi/models.py
+++ b/esphome/components/qspi_dbi/models.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 # Commands
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome.components.const import CONF_DRAW_ROUNDING
 from esphome.const import CONF_INVERT_COLORS, CONF_SWAP_XY
 
@@ -26,16 +28,16 @@ PAGESEL = 0xFE
 
 
 class DriverChip:
-    chips = {}
+    chips: dict[str, "DriverChip"] = {}
 
-    def __init__(self, name: str, defaults=None):
+    def __init__(self, name: str, defaults: dict[str, Any] | None = None) -> None:
         name = name.upper()
         self.name = name
         self.chips[name] = self
         self.initsequence = []
         self.defaults = defaults or {}
 
-    def cmd(self, c, *args):
+    def cmd(self, c: int, *args: int) -> None:
         """
         Add a command sequence to the init sequence
         :param c: The command (8 bit)
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@ class DriverChip:
         """
         self.initsequence.extend([c, len(args)] + list(args))
 
-    def delay(self, ms):
+    def delay(self, ms: int) -> None:
         self.initsequence.extend([ms, 0xFF])
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/rpi_dpi_rgb/display.py b/esphome/components/rpi_dpi_rgb/display.py
index 314852832c..1ca29a3259 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rpi_dpi_rgb/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rpi_dpi_rgb/display.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
 import logging
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -38,6 +40,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_VSYNC_PIN,
     CONF_WIDTH,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32"]
 LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -53,7 +56,7 @@ COLOR_ORDERS = {
 DATA_PIN_SCHEMA = pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_schema
 
 
-def data_pin_validate(value):
+def data_pin_validate(value: Any) -> ConfigType:
     """
     It is safe to use strapping pins as RGB output data bits, as they are outputs only,
     and not initialised until after boot.
@@ -68,7 +71,7 @@ def data_pin_validate(value):
     return DATA_PIN_SCHEMA(value)
 
 
-def data_pin_set(length):
+def data_pin_set(length: int) -> Callable[[Any], Any]:
     return cv.All(
         [data_pin_validate],
         cv.Length(min=length, max=length, msg=f"Exactly {length} data pins required"),
@@ -128,7 +131,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     LOGGER.warning(
         "The 'rpi_dpi_rgb' component is deprecated, it is recommended to use 'mipi_rgb' instead."
     )
diff --git a/esphome/components/sdl/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/sdl/binary_sensor.py
index e19a488800..0fdda25ed3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sdl/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sdl/binary_sensor.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_KEY
 from esphome.core import Lambda
 from esphome.cpp_generator import ExpressionStatement, RawExpression
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .display import CONF_SDL_ID, Sdl
 
@@ -275,7 +276,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_SDL_ID])
     listener = Lambda(
diff --git a/esphome/components/sdl/display.py b/esphome/components/sdl/display.py
index 57266f33e2..5ced2edf5a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sdl/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sdl/display.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
 import subprocess
+from typing import Any
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import display
@@ -14,6 +16,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_Y,
     PLATFORM_HOST,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 sdl_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("sdl")
 Sdl = sdl_ns.class_("Sdl", display.Display, cg.Component)
@@ -35,7 +38,7 @@ WINDOW_OPTIONS = (
 SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED_MASK = 0x2FFF0000
 
 
-def get_sdl_options(value):
+def get_sdl_options(value: str) -> str:
     if value != "":
         return value
     try:
@@ -46,7 +49,7 @@ def get_sdl_options(value):
         raise cv.Invalid("Unable to run sdl2-config - have you installed sdl2?") from e
 
 
-def get_window_options():
+def get_window_options() -> dict[cv.Optional, Callable[[Any], Any]]:
     return {cv.Optional(option, default=False): cv.boolean for option in WINDOW_OPTIONS}
 
 
@@ -100,7 +103,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     for option in config[CONF_SDL_OPTIONS].split():
         cg.add_build_flag(option)
     cg.add_build_flag("-DSDL_BYTEORDER=4321")
diff --git a/esphome/components/sdl/touchscreen/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sdl/touchscreen/__init__.py
index 9f84f91c72..d7af8da403 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sdl/touchscreen/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sdl/touchscreen/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import touchscreen
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from ..display import CONF_SDL_ID, Sdl, sdl_ns
 
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = touchscreen.TOUCHSCREEN_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_SDL_ID])
     await touchscreen.register_touchscreen(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/__init__.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/__init__.py
index f71239d18c..56630f18f4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 # is the code owner of the relevant code base
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 
 # The async def keyword is used to define a concurrent function.
 # Concurrent functions are special functions designed to work with Python's asyncio library to support asynchronous I/O operations.
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # This line of code creates a new Pvariable (a Python object representing a C++ variable) with the variable's ID taken from the configuration.
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     # This line of code registers the newly created Pvariable as a component so that ESPHome can manage it at runtime.
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/binary_sensor.py
index 26de1e4ac1..121eb2b4b3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/binary_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_HAS_TARGET, DEVICE_CLASS_OCCUPANCY
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_MR24HPC1_ID, MR24HPC1Component
 
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mr24hpc1_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MR24HPC1_ID])
     if has_target_config := config.get(CONF_HAS_TARGET):
         sens = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(has_target_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/button/__init__.py
index 1e68d7e071..3386118bcf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/button/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/button/__init__.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
     ICON_RESTART_ALERT,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_MR24HPC1_ID, MR24HPC1Component, mr24hpc1_ns
 
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mr24hpc1_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MR24HPC1_ID])
     if restart_config := config.get(CONF_RESTART):
         b = await button.new_button(restart_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/number/__init__.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/number/__init__.py
index 4de3654e39..d01618b0e6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/number/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/number/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import number
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_SENSITIVITY, ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_MR24HPC1_ID, MR24HPC1Component, mr24hpc1_ns
 
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mr24hpc1_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MR24HPC1_ID])
     if sensitivity_config := config.get(CONF_SENSITIVITY):
         n = await number.new_number(
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/select/__init__.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/select/__init__.py
index 14854f0795..9d46dee6f6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/select/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/select/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import select
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_MR24HPC1_ID, MR24HPC1Component, mr24hpc1_ns
 
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mr24hpc1_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MR24HPC1_ID])
     if scenemode_config := config.get(CONF_SCENE_MODE):
         s = await select.new_select(
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/sensor.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/sensor.py
index ca15fd5be6..36ee2c0087 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/sensor.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_METER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_MR24HPC1_ID, MR24HPC1Component
 
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mr24hpc1_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MR24HPC1_ID])
     if custompresenceofdetection_config := config.get(
         CONF_CUSTOM_PRESENCE_OF_DETECTION
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/switch/__init__.py
index 741e7de3ca..f9588d783e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/switch/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import switch
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import DEVICE_CLASS_SWITCH, ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_MR24HPC1_ID, MR24HPC1Component, mr24hpc1_ns
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mr24hpc1_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MR24HPC1_ID])
     if underlying_open_function_config := config.get(CONF_UNDERLYING_OPEN_FUNCTION):
         s = await switch.new_switch(underlying_open_function_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/text_sensor.py
index fadd9c6dbc..8f284cb20a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/text_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/text_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_MR24HPC1_ID, MR24HPC1Component
 
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mr24hpc1_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MR24HPC1_ID])
     if heartbeat_config := config.get(CONF_HEART_BEAT):
         sens = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(heartbeat_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/__init__.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/__init__.py
index 87bdbbd003..6bf8657af9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@limengdu"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/binary_sensor.py
index 99940ebf6d..4130bac224 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/binary_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_HAS_TARGET, DEVICE_CLASS_OCCUPANCY
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_MR60BHA2_ID, MR60BHA2Component
 
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mr60bha2_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MR60BHA2_ID])
 
     if has_target_config := config.get(CONF_HAS_TARGET):
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/sensor.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/sensor.py
index d7f667d862..a2f41a90a8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/sensor.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_BEATS_PER_MINUTE,
     UNIT_CENTIMETER,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_MR60BHA2_ID, MR60BHA2Component
 
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mr60bha2_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MR60BHA2_ID])
     if breath_rate_config := config.get(CONF_BREATH_RATE):
         sens = await sensor.new_sensor(breath_rate_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/__init__.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/__init__.py
index e79134deec..de6e8ad57b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@limengdu"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/binary_sensor.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/binary_sensor.py
index 2860ac0100..63bd02acd0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/binary_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/binary_sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import DEVICE_CLASS_OCCUPANCY, DEVICE_CLASS_SAFETY
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import CONF_MR60FDA2_ID, MR60FDA2Component
 
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mr60fda2_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MR60FDA2_ID])
 
     if people_exist_config := config.get(CONF_PEOPLE_EXIST):
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/button/__init__.py
index 8236248b8c..82f0fc9aea 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/button/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/button/__init__.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_NONE,
 )
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_MR60FDA2_ID, MR60FDA2Component, mr60fda2_ns
 
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mr60fda2_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MR60FDA2_ID])
     if get_radar_parameters_config := config.get(CONF_GET_RADAR_PARAMETERS):
         b = await button.new_button(get_radar_parameters_config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/select/__init__.py b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/select/__init__.py
index 2fea150cd2..6d8864455f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/select/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/select/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import select
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_SENSITIVITY, ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG, ICON_ACCELERATION_Z
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import CONF_MR60FDA2_ID, MR60FDA2Component, mr60fda2_ns
 
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
 }
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     mr60fda2_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MR60FDA2_ID])
     if install_height_config := config.get(CONF_INSTALL_HEIGHT):
         s = await select.new_select(
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7701s/display.py b/esphome/components/st7701s/display.py
index 7f6492812f..16d7ef8e86 100644
--- a/esphome/components/st7701s/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/st7701s/display.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from typing import Any
+
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import display, spi
@@ -41,6 +43,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_WIDTH,
 )
 from esphome.core import TimePeriod
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .init_sequences import ST7701S_INITS, cmd
 
@@ -58,7 +61,7 @@ COLOR_ORDERS = {
 DATA_PIN_SCHEMA = pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_schema
 
 
-def data_pin_validate(value):
+def data_pin_validate(value: Any) -> ConfigType:
     """
     It is safe to use strapping pins as RGB output data bits, as they are outputs only,
     and not initialised until after boot.
@@ -73,14 +76,14 @@ def data_pin_validate(value):
     return DATA_PIN_SCHEMA(value)
 
 
-def data_pin_set(length):
+def data_pin_set(length: int) -> cv.Schema:
     return cv.All(
         [data_pin_validate],
         cv.Length(min=length, max=length, msg=f"Exactly {length} data pins required"),
     )
 
 
-def map_sequence(value):
+def map_sequence(value: Any) -> list:
     """
     An initialisation sequence can be selected from one of the pre-defined sequences in init_sequences.py,
     or can be a literal array of data bytes.
@@ -170,7 +173,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await display.register_display(var, config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7701s/init_sequences.py b/esphome/components/st7701s/init_sequences.py
index 4786731c78..a67f3f63fb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/st7701s/init_sequences.py
+++ b/esphome/components/st7701s/init_sequences.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # These are initialisation sequences for ST7701S displays. The contents are somewhat arcane.
 
 
-def cmd(c, *args):
+def cmd(c: int, *args: int) -> list[int]:
     """
     Create a command sequence
     :param c: The command (8 bit)
diff --git a/esphome/components/udp/__init__.py b/esphome/components/udp/__init__.py
index 5dfd188f0f..a782d875b9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/udp/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/udp/__init__.py
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Any, NoReturn
+
 from esphome import automation
 from esphome.automation import Trigger
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -13,7 +16,7 @@ from esphome.components.packet_transport import (
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DATA, CONF_ID, CONF_PORT, CONF_TRIGGER_ID
 from esphome.core import ID
-from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@clydebarrow"]
@@ -45,8 +48,8 @@ UDP_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-def is_relocated(option):
-    def validator(value):
+def is_relocated(option: str) -> Callable[[Any], NoReturn]:
+    def validator(value: Any) -> NoReturn:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             f"The '{option}' option should now be configured in the 'packet_transport' component"
         )
@@ -109,13 +112,13 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def register_udp_client(var, config):
+async def register_udp_client(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> MockObj:
     udp_var = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_UDP_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_parent(udp_var))
     return udp_var
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_define("USE_UDP")
     cg.add_global(udp_ns.using)
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -147,7 +150,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add(var.set_should_listen())
 
 
-def validate_raw_data(value):
+def validate_raw_data(value: Any) -> bytes | list[int]:
     if isinstance(value, str):
         return value.encode("utf-8")
     if isinstance(value, str):
@@ -171,7 +174,12 @@ def validate_raw_data(value):
     ),
     synchronous=True,
 )
-async def udp_write_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def udp_write_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     udp_var = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_parented(var, udp_var)
diff --git a/esphome/components/udp/packet_transport/__init__.py b/esphome/components/udp/packet_transport/__init__.py
index e725276717..f2c15289a9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/udp/packet_transport/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/udp/packet_transport/__init__.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.components.packet_transport import (
 )
 from esphome.const import CONF_BINARY_SENSORS, CONF_ENCRYPTION, CONF_SENSORS
 from esphome.cpp_types import PollingComponent
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import UDP_SCHEMA, register_udp_client, udp_ns
 
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ UDPTransport = udp_ns.class_("UDPTransport", PacketTransport, PollingComponent)
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = transport_schema(UDPTransport).extend(UDP_SCHEMA)
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var, providers = await new_packet_transport(config)
     udp_var = await register_udp_client(var, config)
     if CONF_ENCRYPTION in config or providers:
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/__init__.py b/esphome/components/usb_uart/__init__.py
index a921b6fbf0..edbf75f70f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/__init__.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
 from esphome.cpp_types import Component
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["uart", "usb_host", "bytebuffer"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@clydebarrow"]
@@ -48,14 +49,14 @@ DEFAULT_BAUD_RATE = 9600
 class Type:
     def __init__(
         self,
-        name,
-        vid,
-        pid,
-        cls,
-        max_channels=1,
-        baud_rate_required=True,
-        max_baud=1_000_000,
-    ):
+        name: str,
+        vid: int,
+        pid: int,
+        cls: str | None,
+        max_channels: int = 1,
+        baud_rate_required: bool = True,
+        max_baud: int = 1_000_000,
+    ) -> None:
         self.name = name
         cls = cls or name
         self.vid = vid
@@ -156,7 +157,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.ensure_list(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: list[ConfigType]) -> None:
     # The output chunk pool/queue are compile-time-sized templates shared by all
     # USBUartChannel instances, so use the largest buffer_size across every channel
     # of every device. Add one extra slot because LockFreeQueue<T,N> is a ring