[bridge] New component and cdc_acm_uart platform (#11689)

Co-authored-by: Jesse Hills <3060199+jesserockz@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci-lite[bot] <117423508+pre-commit-ci-lite[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@koston.org>

tests/components/cdc_acm_uart/common.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+tinyusb:
+  id: tinyusb_test
+  usb_lang_id: 0x0123
+  usb_manufacturer_str: ESPHomeTestManufacturer
+  usb_product_id: 0x1234
+  usb_product_str: ESPHomeTestProduct
+  usb_serial_str: ESPHomeTestSerialNumber
+  usb_vendor_id: 0x2345
+
+uart:
+  - id: uart_0
+    tx_pin: 14
+    rx_pin: 13
+    baud_rate: 115200
+
+usb_cdc_acm:
+  interfaces:
+    - id: cdc_acm_1

tests/components/cdc_acm_uart/common_dual.yaml

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+# Second UART/CDC pair for a two-bridge setup. Kept out of common.yaml because the
+# ESP32-S2 has only two UART controllers and the logger occupies one, so a second
+# uart there would fail at runtime.
+uart:
+  - id: uart_1
+    tx_pin: 15
+    rx_pin: 16
+    baud_rate: 115200
+
+usb_cdc_acm:
+  interfaces:
+    - id: cdc_acm_2

tests/components/cdc_acm_uart/test.esp32-p4-idf.yaml

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+packages:
+  cdc_acm_uart: !include common.yaml
+  cdc_acm_uart_dual: !include common_dual.yaml
+
+bridge:
+  - platform: cdc_acm_uart
+    uart_id: uart_0
+    usb_cdc_acm_id: cdc_acm_1
+    dtr_pin: 40
+    rts_pin: 41
+  - platform: cdc_acm_uart
+    uart_id: uart_1
+    usb_cdc_acm_id: cdc_acm_2
+    dtr_pin: 20
+    rts_pin: 21

tests/components/cdc_acm_uart/test.esp32-s2-idf.yaml

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+# ESP32-S2 has no USB_SERIAL_JTAG, so the logger defaults to USB_CDC, which shares
+# the USB OTG peripheral with tinyusb. Use a hardware UART for logging instead.
+logger:
+  hardware_uart: UART0
+
+packages:
+  cdc_acm_uart: !include common.yaml
+
+bridge:
+  - platform: cdc_acm_uart
+    uart_id: uart_0
+    usb_cdc_acm_id: cdc_acm_1
+    dtr_pin: 40
+    rts_pin: 41

tests/components/cdc_acm_uart/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml

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+packages:
+  cdc_acm_uart: !include common.yaml
+  cdc_acm_uart_dual: !include common_dual.yaml
+
+bridge:
+  - platform: cdc_acm_uart
+    uart_id: uart_0
+    usb_cdc_acm_id: cdc_acm_1
+    dtr_pin: 40
+    rts_pin: 41
+  - platform: cdc_acm_uart
+    uart_id: uart_1
+    usb_cdc_acm_id: cdc_acm_2
+    # GPIO19/20 are USB D-/D+ on the S3 (which the CDC side itself uses); use
+    # unrelated free pins here.
+    dtr_pin: 17
+    rts_pin: 18