diff --git a/CODEOWNERS b/CODEOWNERS
index c69f8bccd4..a64d6f3daf 100644
--- a/CODEOWNERS
+++ b/CODEOWNERS
@@ -596,6 +596,7 @@ esphome/components/wk2212_spi/* @DrCoolZic
 esphome/components/wl_134/* @hobbypunk90
 esphome/components/wts01/* @alepee
 esphome/components/x9c/* @EtienneMD
+esphome/components/xdb401/* @RT530
 esphome/components/xgzp68xx/* @gcormier
 esphome/components/xiaomi_hhccjcy10/* @fariouche
 esphome/components/xiaomi_lywsd02mmc/* @juanluss31
diff --git a/esphome/components/xdb401/__init__.py b/esphome/components/xdb401/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..943139e19a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/xdb401/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+CODEOWNERS = ["@RT530"]
diff --git a/esphome/components/xdb401/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xdb401/sensor.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7545343f02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/xdb401/sensor.py
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_PRESSURE,
+    CONF_TEMPERATURE,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_PRESSURE,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
+    STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+    UNIT_CELSIUS,
+    UNIT_PASCAL,
+)
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
+
+CONF_PRESSURE_RANGE_BAR = "pressure_range_bar"
+
+xdb401_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("xdb401")
+
+XDB401Component = xdb401_ns.class_(
+    "XDB401Component", cg.PollingComponent, i2c.I2CDevice
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(XDB401Component),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TEMPERATURE): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                unit_of_measurement=UNIT_CELSIUS,
+                accuracy_decimals=2,
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PRESSURE): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PASCAL,
+                accuracy_decimals=0,
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_PRESSURE,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PRESSURE_RANGE_BAR, default=10): cv.one_of(
+                1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, int=True
+            ),
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
+    .extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x7F))
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
+
+    cg.add(var.set_pressure_range_bar(config[CONF_PRESSURE_RANGE_BAR]))
+
+    if temperature_config := config.get(CONF_TEMPERATURE):
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(temperature_config)
+        cg.add(var.set_temperature_sensor(sens))
+
+    if pressure_config := config.get(CONF_PRESSURE):
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(pressure_config)
+        cg.add(var.set_pressure_sensor(sens))
diff --git a/esphome/components/xdb401/xdb401.cpp b/esphome/components/xdb401/xdb401.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3a24d63760
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/xdb401/xdb401.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "xdb401.h"
+
+namespace esphome::xdb401 {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "xdb401";
+
+static const uint8_t REG_PRESSURE = 0x06;
+static const uint8_t REG_TEMPERATURE = 0x09;
+static const uint8_t REG_MAKE_MEASURE = 0x30;
+static const uint8_t CMD_MAKE_MEASURE = 0x0A;
+static const uint8_t MASK_MEASURE_READY = 0x08;
+static const float CONVERT_PRESSURE = 8388608.0f;  // 0x800000
+
+static const uint32_t CHECK_DELAY = 5;
+static const uint8_t CHECK_ATTEMPTS = 6;
+static const uint8_t MARK_FAIL_AFTER = 5;
+
+void XDB401Component::setup() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Running setup");
+
+  uint8_t meas_resp[1] = {};
+  i2c::ErrorCode err_code = this->read_register(REG_MAKE_MEASURE, meas_resp, sizeof(meas_resp));
+  if (err_code != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR("I2C communication failed"));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  this->comm_err_counter_ = 0;
+}
+
+void XDB401Component::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "XDB401:");
+  LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this);
+  LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Pressure Range: %u bar", this->pressure_range_bar_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Pressure", this->pressure_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Temperature", this->temperature_sensor_);
+}
+
+void XDB401Component::handle_comm_failure_(const char *message) {
+  this->status_set_warning(message);
+
+  if (this->comm_err_counter_ >= MARK_FAIL_AFTER) {
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR("Too many consecutive I2C communication errors"));
+  } else {
+    this->comm_err_counter_++;
+  }
+
+  this->measurement_in_progress_ = false;
+}
+
+i2c::ErrorCode XDB401Component::start_measurement_() {
+  i2c::ErrorCode err_code = this->write_register(REG_MAKE_MEASURE, &CMD_MAKE_MEASURE, sizeof(CMD_MAKE_MEASURE));
+  if (err_code != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error starting measurement, code: %u", err_code);
+    return err_code;
+  }
+
+  return i2c::ERROR_OK;
+}
+
+void XDB401Component::check_measurement_ready_(uint8_t attempt) {
+  uint8_t meas_resp[1] = {};
+  i2c::ErrorCode err_code = this->read_register(REG_MAKE_MEASURE, meas_resp, sizeof(meas_resp));
+  if (err_code != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error reading measurement status, code: %u", err_code);
+    this->handle_comm_failure_("I2C communication failed");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Config response %02X", meas_resp[0]);
+
+  // Bit 3 shall be 0 when measurement is ready
+  if ((meas_resp[0] & MASK_MEASURE_READY) == 0) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Meas mode entered after %u ms", attempt * CHECK_DELAY);
+    this->read_measurement_();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (attempt >= CHECK_ATTEMPTS) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Device not in measurement mode after timeout of %u ms", CHECK_DELAY * CHECK_ATTEMPTS);
+    this->handle_comm_failure_("Measurement timeout");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  this->set_timeout(CHECK_DELAY, [this, attempt]() { this->check_measurement_ready_(attempt + 1); });
+}
+
+void XDB401Component::read_measurement_() {
+  float temperature{};
+  float pressure{};
+
+  i2c::ErrorCode err_code = this->read_pressure_(pressure);
+  if (err_code != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    this->handle_comm_failure_("Could not read pressure data");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  err_code = this->read_temperature_(temperature);
+  if (err_code != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    this->handle_comm_failure_("Could not read temperature data");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Got pressure=%.1f Pa, temperature=%.2f°C", pressure, temperature);
+
+  if (this->temperature_sensor_ != nullptr)
+    this->temperature_sensor_->publish_state(temperature);
+  if (this->pressure_sensor_ != nullptr)
+    this->pressure_sensor_->publish_state(pressure);
+
+  this->comm_err_counter_ = 0;
+  this->status_clear_warning();
+  this->measurement_in_progress_ = false;
+}
+
+i2c::ErrorCode XDB401Component::read_pressure_(float &pressure) {
+  uint8_t p_data[3]{};
+  i2c::ErrorCode err_code = this->read_register(REG_PRESSURE, p_data, 3);
+  if (err_code != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error reading pressure register");
+    return err_code;
+  }
+  char pressure_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(3)];
+  format_hex_pretty_to(pressure_buf, sizeof(pressure_buf), p_data, 3);
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Got pressure data: %s", pressure_buf);
+
+  // Sign-extend 24-bit big-endian pressure value to int32_t.
+  int32_t raw_pressure = static_cast<int32_t>(encode_uint24(p_data[0], p_data[1], p_data[2]) << 8) >> 8;
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Pressure data raw %i", raw_pressure);
+
+  pressure = (static_cast<float>(raw_pressure) / CONVERT_PRESSURE) *
+             XDB401Component::full_scale_pressure_pa(this->pressure_range_bar_);
+
+  return err_code;
+}
+
+i2c::ErrorCode XDB401Component::read_temperature_(float &temperature) {
+  uint8_t t_data[2]{};
+  i2c::ErrorCode err_code = this->read_register(REG_TEMPERATURE, t_data, 2);
+  if (err_code != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error reading temperature register");
+    return err_code;
+  }
+
+  char temperature_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(2)];
+  format_hex_pretty_to(temperature_buf, sizeof(temperature_buf), t_data, 2);
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Got temperature data: %s", temperature_buf);
+
+  // Temperature is a signed 16-bit big-endian value in 1/256 °C (Q8.8 fixed point).
+  int16_t raw_temperature = static_cast<int16_t>(encode_uint16(t_data[0], t_data[1]));
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Temperature data raw %i", raw_temperature);
+
+  temperature = static_cast<float>(raw_temperature) / 256.0f;
+
+  return err_code;
+}
+
+void XDB401Component::update() {
+  if (this->measurement_in_progress_) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Skipping update, measurement already in progress");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  i2c::ErrorCode err_code = this->start_measurement_();
+  if (err_code != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    this->handle_comm_failure_("I2C communication failed");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  this->measurement_in_progress_ = true;
+  this->set_timeout(CHECK_DELAY, [this]() { this->check_measurement_ready_(1); });
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::xdb401
diff --git a/esphome/components/xdb401/xdb401.h b/esphome/components/xdb401/xdb401.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..674d26fe8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/xdb401/xdb401.h
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h"
+#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+
+namespace esphome::xdb401 {
+
+class XDB401Component : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+ public:
+  void set_temperature_sensor(sensor::Sensor *temperature_sensor) { this->temperature_sensor_ = temperature_sensor; }
+  void set_pressure_sensor(sensor::Sensor *pressure_sensor) { this->pressure_sensor_ = pressure_sensor; }
+  void set_pressure_range_bar(uint8_t pressure_range_bar) { this->pressure_range_bar_ = pressure_range_bar; }
+
+  void setup() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  void update() override;
+
+ protected:
+  void handle_comm_failure_(const char *message);
+  i2c::ErrorCode start_measurement_();
+  void check_measurement_ready_(uint8_t attempt);
+  void read_measurement_();
+  i2c::ErrorCode read_pressure_(float &pressure);
+  i2c::ErrorCode read_temperature_(float &temperature);
+
+  static constexpr float full_scale_pressure_pa(uint8_t pressure_range_bar) { return pressure_range_bar * 100000.0f; }
+
+  uint8_t comm_err_counter_{0};
+  bool measurement_in_progress_{false};
+  uint8_t pressure_range_bar_{10};
+
+  sensor::Sensor *temperature_sensor_{nullptr};
+  sensor::Sensor *pressure_sensor_{nullptr};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::xdb401
diff --git a/tests/components/xdb401/common.yaml b/tests/components/xdb401/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..feaa46010e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xdb401/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: xdb401
+    update_interval: 1s
+    i2c_id: i2c_bus
+
+    temperature:
+      name: water temperature
+
+    pressure:
+      name: water pressure
diff --git a/tests/components/xdb401/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/xdb401/test.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b47e39c389
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xdb401/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/xdb401/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/xdb401/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4a98b9388a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/xdb401/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp8266-ard.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml