Merge branch 'dev' into store-yaml-firmware

2026-10-01 17:00:21 +00:00 · 2026-07-03 19:04:12 -05:00
parent 5f155c90b7 5738c60206
commit d6019ca2c0
1326 changed files with 27006 additions and 16857 deletions
@@ -109,6 +109,34 @@ api:
              - name.c_str()
              - int_arr.size()
              - string_arr.size()
+    # Test string + array args used by homeassistant.action's deferred
+    # on_success/on_error response callback.  homeassistant.action registers
+    # synchronous=False, so the api codegen must fall back to owning
+    # std::string / std::vector args here: the non-owning defaults would
+    # dangle once rx_buf_ is reused before the response arrives, and the
+    # non-copyable FixedVector would fail to compile when captured into
+    # the response callback.
+    - action: action_response_args
+      variables:
+        name: string
+        int_arr: int[]
+      then:
+        - homeassistant.action:
+            action: notify.notify
+            data:
+              message: !lambda 'return name;'
+            on_success:
+              - logger.log:
+                  format: "Notified %s (%u ints)"
+                  args:
+                    - name.c_str()
+                    - int_arr.size()
+            on_error:
+              - logger.log:
+                  format: "Notify failed (%s): %s"
+                  args:
+                    - error.c_str()
+                    - name.c_str()
    # Test ContinuationAction (IfAction with then/else branches)
    - action: test_if_action
      variables:
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<<: !include common.yaml
+
+network:
+  enable_ipv6: true
+
+openthread:
+  tlv: 0E080000000000010000
@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ substitutions:
  rx_pin: GPIO14

 packages:
-  uart: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart/esp32-idf.yaml
+  uart_4800: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_4800/esp32-idf.yaml

 <<: !include common.yaml
@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ substitutions:
  rx_pin: GPIO3

 packages:
-  uart: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart/esp8266-ard.yaml
+  uart_4800: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_4800/esp8266-ard.yaml

 <<: !include common.yaml
@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ substitutions:
  rx_pin: GPIO5

 packages:
-  uart: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart/rp2040-ard.yaml
+  uart_4800: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_4800/rp2040-ard.yaml

 <<: !include common.yaml
@@ -3,52 +3,64 @@ sensor:
    name: "BMI270 Temperature"

  - platform: motion
+    motion_id: bmi270_motion
    type: acceleration_x
-    name: "Accel X"
+    name: "BMI270 Accel X"
    accuracy_decimals: 4
    filters:
      - sliding_window_moving_average:
          window_size: 4
          send_every: 1
  - platform: motion
+    motion_id: bmi270_motion
    type: acceleration_y
-    name: "Accel Y"
+    name: "BMI270 Accel Y"
    accuracy_decimals: 4
  - platform: motion
+    motion_id: bmi270_motion
    type: acceleration_z
-    name: "Accel Z"
+    name: "BMI270 Accel Z"
    accuracy_decimals: 4

    # Gyroscope axes (unit: °/s)
  - platform: motion
+    motion_id: bmi270_motion
    type: gyroscope_x
-    name: "Gyro X"
+    name: "BMI270 Gyro X"
  - platform: motion
+    motion_id: bmi270_motion
    type: gyroscope_y
-    name: "Gyro Y"
+    name: "BMI270 Gyro Y"
  - platform: motion
+    motion_id: bmi270_motion
    type: gyroscope_z
-    name: "Gyro Z"
+    name: "BMI270 Gyro Z"

  - platform: motion
+    motion_id: bmi270_motion
    type: angular_rate_x
-    name: "Angular Rate X"
+    name: "BMI270 Angular Rate X"
  - platform: motion
+    motion_id: bmi270_motion
    type: angular_rate_y
-    name: "Angular Rate Y"
+    name: "BMI270 Angular Rate Y"
  - platform: motion
+    motion_id: bmi270_motion
    type: angular_rate_z
-    name: "Angular Rate Z"
+    name: "BMI270 Angular Rate Z"

  - platform: motion
+    motion_id: bmi270_motion
    type: pitch
-    name: "Pitch"
+    name: "BMI270 Pitch"
  - platform: motion
+    motion_id: bmi270_motion
    type: roll
-    name: "Roll"
+    name: "BMI270 Roll"

 motion:
  - platform: bmi270
+    id: bmi270_motion
  # Accelerometer full-scale range: 2G | 4G | 8G | 16G
    accelerometer_range: 4G

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+display:
+  - id: cst9220_display
+    platform: ili9xxx
+    model: ili9342
+    cs_pin: ${cs_pin}
+    dc_pin: ${dc_pin}
+    reset_pin: ${disp_reset_pin}
+    invert_colors: false
+
+touchscreen:
+  - id: ts_cst9220
+    i2c_id: i2c_bus
+    platform: cst9220
+    display: cst9220_display
+    interrupt_pin: ${interrupt_pin}
+    reset_pin: ${reset_pin}
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+substitutions:
+  cs_pin: GPIO4
+  dc_pin: GPIO5
+  disp_reset_pin: GPIO12
+  interrupt_pin: GPIO15
+  reset_pin: GPIO25
+
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-idf.yaml
+  spi: !include ../../test_build_components/common/spi/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+substitutions:
+  wakeup_pin: GPIO4
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
+<<: !include common-esp32-ext1.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+substitutions:
+  wakeup_pin: GPIO4
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
+<<: !include common-esp32-ext1.yaml
@@ -161,3 +161,66 @@ display:
    busy_pin:
      allow_other_uses: true
      number: GPIO4
+
+  # Waveshare 2.13" V4 B series 3-color e-paper (122x250, BWR, SSD1680)
+  - platform: epaper_spi
+    spi_id: spi_bus
+    model: waveshare-2.13in-bv4
+    cs_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO5
+    dc_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO17
+    reset_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO16
+    busy_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO4
+    lambda: |-
+      it.filled_rectangle(0, 0, it.get_width(), it.get_height(), Color::WHITE);
+      it.circle(it.get_width() / 2, it.get_height() / 2, 20, Color::BLACK);
+      it.circle(it.get_width() / 2, it.get_height() / 2, 15, Color(255, 0, 0));
+
+  # Soldered Inkplate 2 3-color e-paper (104x212, BWR)
+  - platform: epaper_spi
+    spi_id: spi_bus
+    model: inkplate2
+    cs_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO5
+    dc_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO17
+    reset_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO16
+    busy_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO4
+    lambda: |-
+      it.filled_rectangle(0, 0, it.get_width(), it.get_height(), Color::WHITE);
+      it.circle(it.get_width() / 2, it.get_height() / 2, 20, Color::BLACK);
+      it.circle(it.get_width() / 2, it.get_height() / 2, 15, Color(255, 0, 0));
+
+  # Waveshare 7.5" V2 BWR (800x480, UC8179 controller, EDP_7in5b_V2)
+  - platform: epaper_spi
+    spi_id: spi_bus
+    model: waveshare-7.5in-bv2-bwr
+    cs_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO5
+    dc_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO17
+    reset_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO16
+    busy_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO4
+    lambda: |-
+      it.filled_rectangle(0, 0, it.get_width(), it.get_height(), Color::WHITE);
+      it.circle(it.get_width() / 2, it.get_height() / 2, 100, Color::BLACK);
+      it.circle(it.get_width() / 2, it.get_height() / 2, 60, Color(255, 0, 0));
@@ -77,3 +77,34 @@ esp32_ble_server:
                  id: test_change_descriptor
                  value:
                    data: [0x01, 0x02, 0x03]
+
+# Regression test for #17142: the set_value action used from a trigger that passes
+# its argument by reference (climate on_control supplies ClimateCall&) previously
+# failed to compile.
+sensor:
+  - platform: template
+    id: ble_test_temp
+    lambda: "return 20.0;"
+
+output:
+  - platform: template
+    id: ble_test_output
+    type: float
+    write_action:
+      - logger.log: "out"
+
+climate:
+  - platform: pid
+    name: "BLE Test Climate"
+    id: ble_test_climate
+    sensor: ble_test_temp
+    default_target_temperature: 20
+    heat_output: ble_test_output
+    control_parameters:
+      kp: 0.1
+      ki: 0.001
+      kd: 0.1
+    on_control:
+      - ble_server.characteristic.set_value:
+          id: test_notify_characteristic
+          value: !lambda "return std::vector<uint8_t>{0, 1, 2};"
@@ -1,7 +1,31 @@
+# P0.2, P0.4 and P0.5 all live on the same Zephyr port device (gpio0) and each
+# attaches its own interrupt. This locks in shared-port behavior: every pin owns
+# a separate gpio_callback initialized with its own BIT(pin) mask, so Zephyr
+# dispatches to each pin independently even though the port device is shared.
 binary_sensor:
  - platform: gpio
    pin: 2
    id: gpio_binary_sensor
+    use_interrupt: true
+    interrupt_type: ANY
+
+  # Inverted pin with an edge-specific interrupt: exercises the inversion-aware
+  # interrupt-arming path (logical RISING must arm on the physical falling edge).
+  - platform: gpio
+    pin:
+      number: P0.4
+      inverted: true
+    id: gpio_binary_sensor_inverted
+    use_interrupt: true
+    interrupt_type: RISING
+
+  # Second non-inverted interrupt on the same port (gpio0) as P0.2 above: verifies
+  # multiple pins sharing one port device each get their own callback/pin_mask.
+  - platform: gpio
+    pin: P0.5
+    id: gpio_binary_sensor_shared_port
+    use_interrupt: true
+    interrupt_type: FALLING

 output:
  - platform: gpio
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+#ifdef USE_HOST
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <filesystem>
+#include "esphome/components/host/preferences.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
+
+namespace esphome::host::testing {
+namespace fs = std::filesystem;
+
+/// RAII helper to save and restore an environment variable.
+class ScopedEnvVar {
+ public:
+  explicit ScopedEnvVar(const char *name) : name_(name) {
+    const char *val = getenv(name);
+    if (val != nullptr) {
+      saved_value_ = val;
+      was_set_ = true;
+    }
+  }
+  ~ScopedEnvVar() {
+    if (this->was_set_) {
+      setenv(this->name_.c_str(), this->saved_value_.c_str(), 1);
+    } else {
+      unsetenv(this->name_.c_str());
+    }
+  }
+  ScopedEnvVar(const ScopedEnvVar &) = delete;
+  ScopedEnvVar &operator=(const ScopedEnvVar &) = delete;
+
+ private:
+  std::string name_;
+  std::string saved_value_;
+  bool was_set_{false};
+};
+
+class HostPreferencesTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  void SetUp() override {
+    // Create a unique temp directory for this test
+    this->temp_dir_ = fs::temp_directory_path() / "esphome_prefs_test";
+    fs::create_directories(this->temp_dir_);
+
+    // Set up App name — string literal has static storage so StringRef is safe
+    App.pre_setup("test_prefs", 10, "", 0);
+  }
+
+  void TearDown() override {
+    std::error_code ec;
+    fs::remove_all(this->temp_dir_, ec);
+  }
+
+  fs::path temp_dir_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(HostPreferencesTest, BothVarsUnset_SyncReturnsFalse) {
+  ScopedEnvVar home_guard("HOME");
+  ScopedEnvVar prefdir_guard("ESPHOME_PREFDIR");
+  unsetenv("HOME");
+  unsetenv("ESPHOME_PREFDIR");
+
+  HostPreferences prefs;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(prefs.sync());
+}
+
+TEST_F(HostPreferencesTest, BothVarsUnset_SaveSucceedsInMemory) {
+  ScopedEnvVar home_guard("HOME");
+  ScopedEnvVar prefdir_guard("ESPHOME_PREFDIR");
+  unsetenv("HOME");
+  unsetenv("ESPHOME_PREFDIR");
+
+  HostPreferences prefs;
+  uint32_t value = 42;
+  // save() stores in memory even without a valid file path
+  EXPECT_TRUE(prefs.save(0x1234, reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(&value), sizeof(value)));
+
+  // But sync to disk should fail
+  EXPECT_FALSE(prefs.sync());
+}
+
+TEST_F(HostPreferencesTest, PrefDirSet_SaveAndSync) {
+  ScopedEnvVar home_guard("HOME");
+  ScopedEnvVar prefdir_guard("ESPHOME_PREFDIR");
+
+  auto prefdir = this->temp_dir_ / "prefdir";
+  setenv("ESPHOME_PREFDIR", prefdir.c_str(), 1);
+  unsetenv("HOME");
+
+  HostPreferences prefs;
+  uint32_t value = 42;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(prefs.save(0x1234, reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(&value), sizeof(value)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(prefs.sync());
+
+  // Verify file was created in ESPHOME_PREFDIR
+  auto expected_file = prefdir / "test_prefs.prefs";
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fs::exists(expected_file));
+}
+
+TEST_F(HostPreferencesTest, HomeSet_SaveAndSync) {
+  ScopedEnvVar home_guard("HOME");
+  ScopedEnvVar prefdir_guard("ESPHOME_PREFDIR");
+
+  auto home = this->temp_dir_ / "home";
+  setenv("HOME", home.c_str(), 1);
+  unsetenv("ESPHOME_PREFDIR");
+
+  HostPreferences prefs;
+  uint32_t value = 42;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(prefs.save(0x1234, reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(&value), sizeof(value)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(prefs.sync());
+
+  // Verify file was created in HOME/.esphome/prefs
+  auto expected_file = home / ".esphome" / "prefs" / "test_prefs.prefs";
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fs::exists(expected_file));
+}
+
+TEST_F(HostPreferencesTest, PrefDirTakesPrecedenceOverHome) {
+  ScopedEnvVar home_guard("HOME");
+  ScopedEnvVar prefdir_guard("ESPHOME_PREFDIR");
+
+  auto prefdir = this->temp_dir_ / "prefdir";
+  auto home = this->temp_dir_ / "home";
+  setenv("ESPHOME_PREFDIR", prefdir.c_str(), 1);
+  setenv("HOME", home.c_str(), 1);
+
+  HostPreferences prefs;
+  uint32_t value = 42;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(prefs.save(0x1234, reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(&value), sizeof(value)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(prefs.sync());
+
+  // File should be in ESPHOME_PREFDIR, not HOME
+  auto prefdir_file = prefdir / "test_prefs.prefs";
+  auto home_file = home / ".esphome" / "prefs" / "test_prefs.prefs";
+  EXPECT_TRUE(fs::exists(prefdir_file));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(fs::exists(home_file));
+}
+
+TEST_F(HostPreferencesTest, SaveAndLoadRoundTrip) {
+  ScopedEnvVar prefdir_guard("ESPHOME_PREFDIR");
+
+  auto prefdir = this->temp_dir_ / "roundtrip";
+  setenv("ESPHOME_PREFDIR", prefdir.c_str(), 1);
+
+  // Save data with one instance
+  {
+    HostPreferences prefs;
+    uint32_t value = 0xDEADBEEF;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(prefs.save(0xABCD, reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(&value), sizeof(value)));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(prefs.sync());
+  }
+
+  // Load with a fresh instance (reads from file)
+  {
+    HostPreferences prefs;
+    uint32_t loaded = 0;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(prefs.load(0xABCD, reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(&loaded), sizeof(loaded)));
+    EXPECT_EQ(loaded, 0xDEADBEEFu);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(HostPreferencesTest, LoadNonExistentKeyReturnsFalse) {
+  ScopedEnvVar prefdir_guard("ESPHOME_PREFDIR");
+
+  auto prefdir = this->temp_dir_ / "nokey";
+  setenv("ESPHOME_PREFDIR", prefdir.c_str(), 1);
+
+  HostPreferences prefs;
+  uint32_t loaded = 0;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(prefs.load(0x9999, reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(&loaded), sizeof(loaded)));
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::host::testing
+
+#endif
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+packages:
+  spi: !include ../../test_build_components/common/spi/esp32-s3-idf.yaml
+
+display:
+  # Generic IT8951 with explicit dimensions
+  - platform: it8951
+    spi_id: spi_bus
+    model: it8951
+    dimensions:
+      width: 1872
+      height: 1404
+    cs_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO5
+    reset_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO16
+    busy_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO4
+    enable_pin:
+      - GPIO17
+      - GPIO18
+    vcom: 1500
+    update_interval: 60s
+    # Exercise an alias for the update_mode config option.
+    update_mode: fast
+    lambda: |-
+      it.circle(64, 64, 50, Color::BLACK);
+
+  # m5stack-m5paper (960x540) — model supplies pin defaults
+  - platform: it8951
+    id: m5epd_display
+    spi_id: spi_bus
+    model: m5stack-m5paper
+    cs_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO5
+    reset_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO16
+    busy_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO4
+    full_update_every: 30
+    invert_colors: false
+    sleep_when_done: true
+    grayscale: true
+    update_mode: GC16
+    rotation: 270
+    transform:
+      mirror_x: false
+      mirror_y: false
+    lambda: |-
+      it.filled_rectangle(0, 0, it.get_width(), it.get_height(), Color::WHITE);
+      it.circle(it.get_width() / 2, it.get_height() / 2, 30, Color::BLACK);
+
+  # seeed-reterminal-e1003 (1872x1404)
+  - platform: it8951
+    spi_id: spi_bus
+    model: seeed-reterminal-e1003
+    cs_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO5
+    reset_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO16
+    busy_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO4
+    vcom: 1400
+    sleep_when_done: false
+    lambda: |-
+      it.filled_rectangle(0, 0, 128, 128, Color::BLACK);
+
+  # seeed-ee03 (1872x1404), monochrome fast path
+  - platform: it8951
+    spi_id: spi_bus
+    model: seeed-ee03
+    cs_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO5
+    reset_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO16
+    busy_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO4
+    grayscale: false
+    dithering: false
+    update_mode: DU
+    lambda: |-
+      it.circle(128, 128, 64, Color::BLACK);
+
+# Exercise the it8951.update automation: alias modes, a direct enum-name mode,
+# and the bare (default-mode) form.
+interval:
+  - interval: 30s
+    then:
+      - it8951.update:
+          id: m5epd_display
+          mode: fast
+      - it8951.update:
+          id: m5epd_display
+          mode: full
+      - it8951.update:
+          id: m5epd_display
+          mode: A2
+      - it8951.update: m5epd_display
@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@ class MockUARTComponent : public uart::UARTComponent {
  MOCK_METHOD(size_t, available, (), (override));
  MOCK_METHOD(uart::UARTFlushResult, flush, (), (override));
  MOCK_METHOD(void, check_logger_conflict, (), (override));
+#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_ESP32)
+  void load_settings(bool dump_config) override {}
+#endif  // USE_ESP8266 || USE_ESP32
 };

 // Expose protected members for testing.
@@ -1,54 +1,66 @@
 sensor:
  - platform: lsm6ds
-    name: "lsm6ds Temperature"
+    name: "LSM6DS Temperature"

  - platform: motion
+    motion_id: lsm6ds_motion
    type: acceleration_x
-    name: "Accel X"
+    name: "LSM6DS Accel X"
    accuracy_decimals: 4
    filters:
      - sliding_window_moving_average:
          window_size: 4
          send_every: 1
  - platform: motion
+    motion_id: lsm6ds_motion
    type: acceleration_y
-    name: "Accel Y"
+    name: "LSM6DS Accel Y"
    accuracy_decimals: 4
  - platform: motion
+    motion_id: lsm6ds_motion
    type: acceleration_z
-    name: "Accel Z"
+    name: "LSM6DS Accel Z"
    accuracy_decimals: 4

    # Gyroscope axes (unit: °/s)
  - platform: motion
+    motion_id: lsm6ds_motion
    type: gyroscope_x
-    name: "Gyro X"
+    name: "LSM6DS Gyro X"
  - platform: motion
+    motion_id: lsm6ds_motion
    type: gyroscope_y
-    name: "Gyro Y"
+    name: "LSM6DS Gyro Y"
  - platform: motion
+    motion_id: lsm6ds_motion
    type: gyroscope_z
-    name: "Gyro Z"
+    name: "LSM6DS Gyro Z"

  - platform: motion
+    motion_id: lsm6ds_motion
    type: angular_rate_x
-    name: "Angular Rate X"
+    name: "LSM6DS Angular Rate X"
  - platform: motion
+    motion_id: lsm6ds_motion
    type: angular_rate_y
-    name: "Angular Rate Y"
+    name: "LSM6DS Angular Rate Y"
  - platform: motion
+    motion_id: lsm6ds_motion
    type: angular_rate_z
-    name: "Angular Rate Z"
+    name: "LSM6DS Angular Rate Z"

  - platform: motion
+    motion_id: lsm6ds_motion
    type: pitch
-    name: "Pitch"
+    name: "LSM6DS Pitch"
  - platform: motion
+    motion_id: lsm6ds_motion
    type: roll
-    name: "Roll"
+    name: "LSM6DS Roll"

 motion:
  - platform: lsm6ds
+    id: lsm6ds_motion
  # Accelerometer full-scale range: 2G | 4G | 8G | 16G
    accelerometer_range: 4G

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+network:
+  enable_ipv6: true
+
+openthread:
+  tlv: 0E080000000000010000
+
+mdns:
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 packages:
-  spi: !include ../../test_build_components/common/spi/esp32-s3-idf.yaml
+  - !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-s3-idf.yaml

 psram:
  mode: octal

-<<: !include common.yaml
+ch422g:
+
+display:
+  - platform: mipi_rgb
+    model: WAVESHARE-5-1024X600
@@ -4,6 +4,181 @@

 namespace esphome::modbus::helpers {

+using FC = ModbusFunctionCode;
+
+// --- server_frame_length ---------------------------------------------------
+// Frame layout: address(1) + function(1) + ... + CRC(2). Fixtures borrowed from
+// tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus.yaml.
+
+TEST(ModbusServerFrameLength, TooShortReturnsMinimum) {
+  const uint8_t frame[] = {0x01};
+  EXPECT_EQ(server_frame_length(frame, 1), MIN_FRAME_SIZE);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusServerFrameLength, ReadHoldingUsesByteCount) {
+  // inject_rx for basic_register: 2 data bytes -> 5 + 2 = 7
+  const uint8_t frame[] = {0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x03, 0xF9, 0xD5};
+  EXPECT_EQ(server_frame_length(frame, sizeof(frame)), 7);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusServerFrameLength, ReadByteCountCappedAtMax) {
+  const uint8_t frame[] = {0x01, 0x03, 0xFF};  // claim 255 bytes
+  EXPECT_EQ(server_frame_length(frame, sizeof(frame)), 5 + MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ * 2);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusServerFrameLength, ReadMissingByteCountReturnsHeaderOnly) {
+  const uint8_t frame[] = {0x01, 0x03};
+  EXPECT_EQ(server_frame_length(frame, sizeof(frame)), 5);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusServerFrameLength, ExceptionResponse) {
+  // exception_response fixture: function code 0x83 has the exception bit set
+  const uint8_t frame[] = {0x01, 0x83, 0x02, 0xC0, 0xF1};
+  EXPECT_EQ(server_frame_length(frame, sizeof(frame)), 5);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusServerFrameLength, WriteResponsesAreFixed) {
+  for (FC fc :
+       {FC::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL, FC::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER, FC::WRITE_MULTIPLE_COILS, FC::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS}) {
+    const uint8_t frame[] = {0x01, static_cast<uint8_t>(fc)};
+    EXPECT_EQ(server_frame_length(frame, sizeof(frame)), 8) << "fc=" << static_cast<int>(fc);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusServerFrameLength, MiscFixedAndUnknown) {
+  const uint8_t mask[] = {0x01, static_cast<uint8_t>(FC::MASK_WRITE_REGISTER)};
+  const uint8_t fifo[] = {0x01, static_cast<uint8_t>(FC::READ_FIFO_QUEUE)};
+  const uint8_t unknown[] = {0x01, 0x42};
+  EXPECT_EQ(server_frame_length(mask, sizeof(mask)), 10);
+  EXPECT_EQ(server_frame_length(fifo, sizeof(fifo)), 6);
+  EXPECT_EQ(server_frame_length(unknown, sizeof(unknown)), MIN_FRAME_SIZE);
+}
+
+// --- client_frame_length ---------------------------------------------------
+
+TEST(ModbusClientFrameLength, TooShortReturnsMinimum) {
+  const uint8_t frame[] = {0x01};
+  EXPECT_EQ(client_frame_length(frame, 1), MIN_FRAME_SIZE);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusClientFrameLength, ReadAndWriteSingleAreFixed) {
+  // basic_register request fixture is a read-holding request -> 8 bytes
+  const uint8_t read[] = {0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x01, 0x74, 0x0A};
+  EXPECT_EQ(client_frame_length(read, sizeof(read)), 8);
+  for (FC fc : {FC::READ_COILS, FC::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS, FC::READ_INPUT_REGISTERS, FC::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL,
+                FC::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER}) {
+    const uint8_t frame[] = {0x01, static_cast<uint8_t>(fc)};
+    EXPECT_EQ(client_frame_length(frame, sizeof(frame)), 8) << "fc=" << static_cast<int>(fc);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusClientFrameLength, WriteMultipleUsesByteCount) {
+  // write 2 registers (4 data bytes): addr(2)+qty(2)+count(1) then data; count is frame[6]
+  const uint8_t frame[] = {0x01, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x16};
+  EXPECT_EQ(client_frame_length(frame, sizeof(frame)), 9 + 4);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusClientFrameLength, WriteMultipleByteCountCapped) {
+  const uint8_t frame[] = {0x01, 0x0F, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0xFF};
+  EXPECT_EQ(client_frame_length(frame, sizeof(frame)), 9 + MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE * 2);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusClientFrameLength, WriteMultipleMissingByteCount) {
+  const uint8_t frame[] = {0x01, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02};
+  EXPECT_EQ(client_frame_length(frame, sizeof(frame)), 9);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusClientFrameLength, MiscFixedAndUnknown) {
+  const uint8_t mask[] = {0x01, static_cast<uint8_t>(FC::MASK_WRITE_REGISTER)};
+  const uint8_t fifo[] = {0x01, static_cast<uint8_t>(FC::READ_FIFO_QUEUE)};
+  const uint8_t unknown[] = {0x01, 0x42};
+  EXPECT_EQ(client_frame_length(mask, sizeof(mask)), 10);
+  EXPECT_EQ(client_frame_length(fifo, sizeof(fifo)), 6);
+  EXPECT_EQ(client_frame_length(unknown, sizeof(unknown)), MIN_FRAME_SIZE);
+}
+
+// --- create_client_pdu -----------------------------------------------------
+// PDU = function code + data (no address, no CRC).
+
+TEST(ModbusCreateClientPdu, ReadHolding) {
+  auto pdu = create_client_pdu(FC::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS, 0x0003, 1);
+  const std::vector<uint8_t> expected{0x03, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x01};
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::vector<uint8_t>(pdu.begin(), pdu.end()), expected);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusCreateClientPdu, WriteSingleOmitsQuantity) {
+  const uint8_t values[] = {0x00, 0x0B};
+  auto pdu = create_client_pdu(FC::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER, 0x0003, 1, values, sizeof(values));
+  const std::vector<uint8_t> expected{0x06, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x0B};
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::vector<uint8_t>(pdu.begin(), pdu.end()), expected);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusCreateClientPdu, WriteSingleTooFewValuesReturnsEmpty) {
+  const uint8_t values[] = {0x00};
+  auto pdu = create_client_pdu(FC::WRITE_SINGLE_COIL, 0x0003, 1, values, sizeof(values));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pdu.empty());
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusCreateClientPdu, WriteMultipleIncludesByteCount) {
+  const uint8_t values[] = {0x00, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x16};
+  auto pdu = create_client_pdu(FC::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS, 0x0000, 2, values, sizeof(values));
+  const std::vector<uint8_t> expected{0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x04, 0x00, 0x0B, 0x00, 0x16};
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::vector<uint8_t>(pdu.begin(), pdu.end()), expected);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusCreateClientPdu, WriteMultipleOverCapacityReturnsEmpty) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> values(MAX_PDU_SIZE - 6 + 1, 0xAA);
+  auto pdu = create_client_pdu(FC::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS, 0x0000, 1, values.data(), values.size());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pdu.empty());
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusCreateClientPdu, UnsupportedFunctionCodeReturnsEmpty) {
+  auto pdu = create_client_pdu(FC::READ_FIFO_QUEUE, 0x0000, 1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pdu.empty());
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusCreateClientPdu, ZeroEntitiesReturnsEmpty) {
+  auto pdu = create_client_pdu(FC::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS, 0x0000, 0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pdu.empty());
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusCreateClientPdu, WriteWithoutValuesReturnsEmpty) {
+  auto pdu = create_client_pdu(FC::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS, 0x0000, 1, nullptr, 0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pdu.empty());
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusCreateClientPdu, ReadHoldingOverMaxReturnsEmpty) {
+  auto pdu = create_client_pdu(FC::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS, 0x0000, MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ + 1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pdu.empty());
+}
+
+// Regression: coils allow up to 2000 entities, well above the 125 register limit.
+// A switch fall-through previously subjected coil/discrete reads to the register limit.
+TEST(ModbusCreateClientPdu, ReadCoilsAboveRegisterLimitIsValid) {
+  const uint16_t quantity = MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ + 1;  // 126: valid for coils, too many for registers
+  auto pdu = create_client_pdu(FC::READ_COILS, 0x0000, quantity);
+  const std::vector<uint8_t> expected{0x01, 0x00, 0x00, static_cast<uint8_t>(quantity >> 8),
+                                      static_cast<uint8_t>(quantity & 0xFF)};
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::vector<uint8_t>(pdu.begin(), pdu.end()), expected);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusCreateClientPdu, ReadCoilsOverMaxReturnsEmpty) {
+  auto pdu = create_client_pdu(FC::READ_COILS, 0x0000, MAX_NUM_OF_COILS_TO_READ + 1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pdu.empty());
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusCreateClientPdu, ReadDiscreteInputsOverMaxReturnsEmpty) {
+  auto pdu = create_client_pdu(FC::READ_DISCRETE_INPUTS, 0x0000, MAX_NUM_OF_DISCRETE_INPUTS_TO_READ + 1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pdu.empty());
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusCreateClientPdu, WriteMultipleOverEntityLimitReturnsEmpty) {
+  const uint8_t values[] = {0x00, 0x0B};
+  auto pdu = create_client_pdu(FC::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS, 0x0000, MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE + 1, values,
+                               sizeof(values));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(pdu.empty());
+}
+
 TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, PayloadToNumberRejectsOffsetAtEndOfBuffer) {
  const std::vector<uint8_t> data{0x12, 0x34};
  EXPECT_EQ(payload_to_number(data, SensorValueType::U_WORD, 2, 0xFFFFFFFF), 0);
@@ -19,4 +194,40 @@ TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, PayloadToNumberDecodesValidWord) {
  EXPECT_EQ(payload_to_number(data, SensorValueType::U_WORD, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF), 0x1234);
 }

+// --- registers_to_number ---------------------------------------------------
+// Register words are host byte order; results must match the byte-based payload_to_number.
+
+TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, RegistersToNumberDecodesWord) {
+  const uint16_t registers[] = {0x1234};
+  EXPECT_EQ(registers_to_number(registers, 1, SensorValueType::U_WORD), 0x1234);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, RegistersToNumberDecodesDwordHighWordFirst) {
+  const uint16_t registers[] = {0x1234, 0x5678};
+  EXPECT_EQ(registers_to_number(registers, 2, SensorValueType::U_DWORD), 0x12345678);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, RegistersToNumberDecodesAtSpanStart) {
+  // The function decodes the value at the start of the span; the caller advances the pointer.
+  const uint16_t registers[] = {0xAAAA, 0x1234};
+  EXPECT_EQ(registers_to_number(registers + 1, 1, SensorValueType::U_WORD), 0x1234);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, RegistersToNumberMatchesPayloadToNumber) {
+  // Same value via both decoders: registers (host order) vs big-endian bytes.
+  const uint16_t registers[] = {0x8001, 0x0002};
+  const std::vector<uint8_t> bytes{0x80, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02};
+  for (auto value_type : {SensorValueType::S_DWORD, SensorValueType::U_DWORD, SensorValueType::S_DWORD_R}) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(registers_to_number(registers, 2, value_type), payload_to_number(bytes, value_type, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF))
+        << "value_type=" << static_cast<int>(value_type);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, RegistersToNumberRejectsTruncatedMultiRegisterValue) {
+  const uint16_t registers[] = {0x1234};
+  bool error = false;
+  EXPECT_EQ(registers_to_number(registers, 1, SensorValueType::U_DWORD, &error), 0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(error);
+}
+
 }  // namespace esphome::modbus::helpers
@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
-#include "esphome/components/modbus/modbus.h"
-#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
-
-namespace esphome::modbus {
-
-// Exposes protected methods for testing.
-class TestModbus : public Modbus {
- public:
-  bool test_parse_modbus_byte(uint8_t byte) { return this->parse_modbus_byte_(byte); }
-  void test_clear_rx_buffer() { this->rx_buffer_.clear(); }
-  void set_waiting(uint8_t addr) { this->waiting_for_response_ = addr; }
-};
-
-class MockDevice : public ModbusDevice {
- public:
-  void on_modbus_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) override { this->data_received = true; }
-  bool data_received{false};
-};
-
-TEST(ModbusTest, TwoByteRegressionTest) {
-  TestModbus modbus;
-  modbus.set_role(ModbusRole::CLIENT);
-  // First byte (at=0)
-  EXPECT_TRUE(modbus.test_parse_modbus_byte(0x01));
-  // Second byte (at=1)
-  // This used to reach raw[2] because it skipped the if(at==2) check, causing a
-  // buffer overflow.
-  EXPECT_TRUE(modbus.test_parse_modbus_byte(0x03));
-}
-
-TEST(ModbusTest, TestValidFrame) {
-  TestModbus modbus;
-  modbus.set_role(ModbusRole::CLIENT);
-
-  MockDevice device;
-  device.set_parent(&modbus);
-  device.set_address(0x01);
-  modbus.register_device(&device);
-  modbus.set_waiting(0x01);
-
-  // Address 1, Function 3, Length 2, Data 0x1234
-  uint8_t frame_data[] = {0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x12, 0x34};
-  uint16_t crc = esphome::crc16(frame_data, sizeof(frame_data));
-
-  std::vector<uint8_t> frame;
-  for (uint8_t b : frame_data)
-    frame.push_back(b);
-  frame.push_back(crc & 0xFF);
-  frame.push_back((crc >> 8) & 0xFF);
-
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < frame.size(); i++) {
-    bool result = modbus.test_parse_modbus_byte(frame[i]);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(result) << "Failed at byte " << i << " (0x" << std::hex << (int) frame[i] << ")";
-  }
-  EXPECT_TRUE(device.data_received);
-}
-
-}  // namespace esphome::modbus
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ modbus_server:
    registers:
      - address: 0x9
        value_type: S_DWORD
+        allow_partial_read: true
        read_lambda: |-
          return 31;
        write_lambda: |-
@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/modbus_server/modbus_server.h"
+
+namespace esphome::modbus_server {
+
+using modbus::ModbusExceptionCode;
+using modbus::RegisterValues;
+
+namespace {
+
+RegisterValues make_registers(std::initializer_list<uint16_t> values) {
+  RegisterValues registers;
+  for (uint16_t value : values)
+    registers.push_back(value);
+  return registers;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// A single writable WORD register is applied and the handler reports success (nullopt).
+TEST(ModbusServerWrite, SingleWordSucceeds) {
+  ModbusServer server;
+  int64_t written = -1;
+  ServerRegister reg(0x0000, SensorValueType::U_WORD, 1);
+  reg.write_lambda = [&written](int64_t value) {
+    written = value;
+    return true;
+  };
+  server.add_server_register(&reg);
+
+  auto status = server.on_modbus_write_registers(0x0000, make_registers({0x1234}));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(status.has_value());  // nullopt == success
+  EXPECT_EQ(written, 0x1234);
+}
+
+// A multi-register value is decoded high word first and applied as a single number.
+TEST(ModbusServerWrite, DwordSucceeds) {
+  ModbusServer server;
+  int64_t written = -1;
+  ServerRegister reg(0x0000, SensorValueType::U_DWORD, 2);
+  reg.write_lambda = [&written](int64_t value) {
+    written = value;
+    return true;
+  };
+  server.add_server_register(&reg);
+
+  auto status = server.on_modbus_write_registers(0x0000, make_registers({0x1234, 0x5678}));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(status.has_value());
+  EXPECT_EQ(written, 0x12345678);
+}
+
+// Regression: a request that under-supplies a multi-register value is rejected before any
+// write_lambda runs, so no register is partially written.
+TEST(ModbusServerWrite, UnderSuppliedValueAppliesNothing) {
+  ModbusServer server;
+  bool word_written = false;
+  ServerRegister word_reg(0x0000, SensorValueType::U_WORD, 1);
+  word_reg.write_lambda = [&word_written](int64_t) {
+    word_written = true;
+    return true;
+  };
+  bool dword_written = false;
+  ServerRegister dword_reg(0x0001, SensorValueType::U_DWORD, 2);  // needs two registers
+  dword_reg.write_lambda = [&dword_written](int64_t) {
+    dword_written = true;
+    return true;
+  };
+  server.add_server_register(&word_reg);
+  server.add_server_register(&dword_reg);
+
+  // Two words supplied: one for the WORD at 0x0000, but only one of the two the DWORD at 0x0001 needs.
+  auto status = server.on_modbus_write_registers(0x0000, make_registers({0x1111, 0x2222}));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(status.has_value());
+  if (status.has_value())
+    EXPECT_EQ(status.value(), ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(word_written);  // the writable WORD must NOT have been applied
+  EXPECT_FALSE(dword_written);
+}
+
+// A read-only register (no write_lambda) yields ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS and applies nothing.
+TEST(ModbusServerWrite, UnwritableRegisterRejected) {
+  ModbusServer server;
+  ServerRegister read_only(0x0000, SensorValueType::U_WORD, 1);  // no write_lambda set
+  server.add_server_register(&read_only);
+
+  auto status = server.on_modbus_write_registers(0x0000, make_registers({0x1234}));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(status.has_value());
+  if (status.has_value())
+    EXPECT_EQ(status.value(), ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
+}
+
+// An address with no registered register yields ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS.
+TEST(ModbusServerWrite, UnmatchedAddressRejected) {
+  ModbusServer server;
+  auto status = server.on_modbus_write_registers(0x0005, make_registers({0x1234}));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(status.has_value());
+  if (status.has_value())
+    EXPECT_EQ(status.value(), ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
+}
+
+// A write_lambda failing at runtime is the one non-atomic case: the earlier register is already
+// applied, and the handler reports SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE.
+TEST(ModbusServerWrite, CallbackFailureIsServiceDeviceFailure) {
+  ModbusServer server;
+  bool first_written = false;
+  ServerRegister first(0x0000, SensorValueType::U_WORD, 1);
+  first.write_lambda = [&first_written](int64_t) {
+    first_written = true;
+    return true;
+  };
+  ServerRegister second(0x0001, SensorValueType::U_WORD, 1);
+  second.write_lambda = [](int64_t) { return false; };  // rejects at runtime
+  server.add_server_register(&first);
+  server.add_server_register(&second);
+
+  auto status = server.on_modbus_write_registers(0x0000, make_registers({0xAAAA, 0xBBBB}));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(status.has_value());
+  if (status.has_value())
+    EXPECT_EQ(status.value(), ModbusExceptionCode::SERVICE_DEVICE_FAILURE);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(first_written);  // pre-validation passed, so the first write applied before the failure
+}
+
+// --- on_modbus_read_registers --------------------------------------------------
+
+TEST(ModbusServerRead, SingleWordSucceeds) {
+  ModbusServer server;
+  ServerRegister reg(0x0000, SensorValueType::U_WORD, 1);
+  reg.read_lambda = []() -> int64_t { return 0x1234; };
+  server.add_server_register(&reg);
+
+  RegisterValues out;
+  auto status = server.on_modbus_read_registers(0x0000, 1, out);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(status.has_value());
+  ASSERT_EQ(out.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(out[0], 0x1234);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusServerRead, DwordReturnsTwoWordsHighFirst) {
+  ModbusServer server;
+  ServerRegister reg(0x0000, SensorValueType::U_DWORD, 2);
+  reg.read_lambda = []() -> int64_t { return 0x12345678; };
+  server.add_server_register(&reg);
+
+  RegisterValues out;
+  auto status = server.on_modbus_read_registers(0x0000, 2, out);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(status.has_value());
+  ASSERT_EQ(out.size(), 2u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(out[0], 0x1234);
+  EXPECT_EQ(out[1], 0x5678);
+}
+
+// Starting inside a multi-register value is rejected with ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS -- not masked by the courtesy
+// default -- and the read_lambda is never invoked.
+TEST(ModbusServerRead, StartInsideValueRejected) {
+  ModbusServer server;
+  bool read_called = false;
+  ServerRegister reg(0x0010, SensorValueType::U_DWORD, 2);  // occupies 0x0010 and 0x0011
+  reg.read_lambda = [&read_called]() -> int64_t {
+    read_called = true;
+    return 0;
+  };
+  server.set_server_courtesy_response(
+      ServerCourtesyResponse{.enabled = true, .register_last_address = 0xFFFF, .register_value = 0xABCD});
+  server.add_server_register(&reg);
+
+  RegisterValues out;
+  auto status = server.on_modbus_read_registers(0x0011, 1, out);  // the second cell of the DWORD
+  ASSERT_TRUE(status.has_value());
+  if (status.has_value())
+    EXPECT_EQ(status.value(), ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(read_called);
+}
+
+// A read that stops short of a value's end clips it -> ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS, and the read_lambda is not invoked.
+TEST(ModbusServerRead, ClippedTailRejected) {
+  ModbusServer server;
+  bool read_called = false;
+  ServerRegister reg(0x0000, SensorValueType::U_DWORD, 2);
+  reg.read_lambda = [&read_called]() -> int64_t {
+    read_called = true;
+    return 0;
+  };
+  server.add_server_register(&reg);
+
+  RegisterValues out;
+  auto status = server.on_modbus_read_registers(0x0000, 1, out);  // only 1 of the DWORD's 2 registers
+  ASSERT_TRUE(status.has_value());
+  if (status.has_value())
+    EXPECT_EQ(status.value(), ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(read_called);
+}
+
+// A write-only register (no read_lambda) is not readable -> ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS, not a courtesy default.
+TEST(ModbusServerRead, WriteOnlyRegisterRejected) {
+  ModbusServer server;
+  ServerRegister reg(0x0000, SensorValueType::U_WORD, 1);  // no read_lambda set
+  server.set_server_courtesy_response(
+      ServerCourtesyResponse{.enabled = true, .register_last_address = 0xFFFF, .register_value = 0xABCD});
+  server.add_server_register(&reg);
+
+  RegisterValues out;
+  auto status = server.on_modbus_read_registers(0x0000, 1, out);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(status.has_value());
+  if (status.has_value())
+    EXPECT_EQ(status.value(), ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
+}
+
+// An unregistered address with courtesy enabled returns the default value for each cell.
+TEST(ModbusServerRead, CourtesyDefaultForUnregistered) {
+  ModbusServer server;
+  server.set_server_courtesy_response(
+      ServerCourtesyResponse{.enabled = true, .register_last_address = 0xFFFF, .register_value = 0xABCD});
+
+  RegisterValues out;
+  auto status = server.on_modbus_read_registers(0x0005, 2, out);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(status.has_value());
+  ASSERT_EQ(out.size(), 2u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(out[0], 0xABCD);
+  EXPECT_EQ(out[1], 0xABCD);
+}
+
+// An unregistered address with courtesy disabled is rejected.
+TEST(ModbusServerRead, UnregisteredRejectedWithoutCourtesy) {
+  ModbusServer server;
+  RegisterValues out;
+  auto status = server.on_modbus_read_registers(0x0005, 1, out);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(status.has_value());
+  if (status.has_value())
+    EXPECT_EQ(status.value(), ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_ADDRESS);
+}
+
+// --- partial reads (opt-in) ----------------------------------------------------
+
+// With allow_partial_read, reading only the first register of a DWORD returns its high word.
+TEST(ModbusServerRead, PartialReadHighWord) {
+  ModbusServer server;
+  ServerRegister reg(0x0010, SensorValueType::U_DWORD, 2);
+  reg.allow_partial_read = true;
+  reg.read_lambda = []() -> int64_t { return 0x12345678; };
+  server.add_server_register(&reg);
+
+  RegisterValues out;
+  auto status = server.on_modbus_read_registers(0x0010, 1, out);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(status.has_value());
+  ASSERT_EQ(out.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(out[0], 0x1234);
+}
+
+// With allow_partial_read, starting at the interior cell returns the low word.
+TEST(ModbusServerRead, PartialReadLowWordFromInterior) {
+  ModbusServer server;
+  ServerRegister reg(0x0010, SensorValueType::U_DWORD, 2);
+  reg.allow_partial_read = true;
+  reg.read_lambda = []() -> int64_t { return 0x12345678; };
+  server.add_server_register(&reg);
+
+  RegisterValues out;
+  auto status = server.on_modbus_read_registers(0x0011, 1, out);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(status.has_value());
+  ASSERT_EQ(out.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(out[0], 0x5678);
+}
+
+// Slicing is in wire order, so a reversed value type partials correctly: U_DWORD_R emits the low word
+// first, so 0x0010 holds 0x5678 and 0x0011 holds 0x1234.
+TEST(ModbusServerRead, PartialReadReversedType) {
+  ModbusServer server;
+  ServerRegister reg(0x0010, SensorValueType::U_DWORD_R, 2);
+  reg.allow_partial_read = true;
+  reg.read_lambda = []() -> int64_t { return 0x12345678; };
+  server.add_server_register(&reg);
+
+  RegisterValues first;
+  ASSERT_FALSE(server.on_modbus_read_registers(0x0010, 1, first).has_value());
+  ASSERT_EQ(first.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(first[0], 0x5678);
+
+  RegisterValues second;
+  ASSERT_FALSE(server.on_modbus_read_registers(0x0011, 1, second).has_value());
+  ASSERT_EQ(second.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(second[0], 0x1234);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::modbus_server
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+packages:
+  common: !include common.yaml
@@ -1 +1,5 @@
 network:
+  enable_ipv6: true
+
+openthread:
+  tlv: 0E080000000000010000
@@ -1 +1,5 @@
 network:
+  enable_ipv6: true
+
+openthread:
+  tlv: 0E080000000000010000
@@ -1 +1,5 @@
 network:
+  enable_ipv6: true
+
+openthread:
+  tlv: 0E080000000000010000
@@ -19,5 +19,3 @@ nrf52:
  reg0:
    voltage: 2.1V
    uicr_erase: true
-  framework:
-    version: "2.6.1-b"
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+network:
+  enable_ipv6: true
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<<: !include common.yaml
+
+openthread:
+  device_type: MTD
+  force_dataset: false
+  use_address: open-thread-test.local
+  tlv: 0e080000000000010000000300001035060004001fffe00208e227ac6a7f24052f0708fdb753eb517cb4d3051062b2442a928d9ea3b947a1618fc4085a030f4f70656e5468726561642d393837330102987304105330d857354330133c05e1fd7ae81a910c0402a0f7f8
+  poll_period: 5s
+
+switch:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Radio Always On"
+    optimistic: true
+    restore_mode: ALWAYS_OFF
+    turn_on_action:
+      then:
+        - openthread.set_poll_period: 0s
+    turn_off_action:
+      then:
+        - openthread.set_poll_period: 5s
@@ -1,14 +1,6 @@
-esp32:
-  board: esp32-c6-devkitc-1
-  framework:
-    type: esp-idf
-    log_level: DEBUG
-
-network:
-  enable_ipv6: true
+<<: !include common.yaml

 openthread:
-  device_type: MTD
  channel: 13
  network_name: OpenThread-8f28
  network_key: 0xdfd34f0f05cad978ec4e32b0413038ff
@@ -16,7 +8,4 @@ openthread:
  ext_pan_id: 0xd63e8e3e495ebbc3
  pskc: 0xc23a76e98f1a6483639b1ac1271e2e27
  mesh_local_prefix: fd53:145f:ed22:ad81::/64
-  force_dataset: true
-  use_address: open-thread-test.local
-  poll_period: 20sec
  output_power: 1dBm
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+network:
+  enable_ipv6: true
+
+openthread:
+  tlv: 0E080000000000010000
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+display:
+  - platform: pixoo
+    id: pixoo_display
+    model: 64x64
+    cs_pin: GPIO5
+    data_rate: 10MHz
+    update_interval: 1s
+    lambda: |-
+      it.fill(Color(0, 0, 0));
+      it.filled_rectangle(0, 0, 16, 16, Color(255, 0, 0));
+      it.line(0, 0, 63, 63, Color(0, 255, 0));
+
+  - platform: pixoo
+    id: pixoo_display_pages
+    model: 64x64
+    cs_pin: GPIO21
+    rotation: 90
+    pages:
+      - id: pixoo_page
+        lambda: |-
+          it.rectangle(0, 0, it.get_width(), it.get_height(), Color(0, 0, 255));
+
+light:
+  - platform: pixoo
+    pixoo_id: pixoo_display
+    name: Pixoo Brightness
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  spi: !include ../../test_build_components/common/spi/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/power_supply/power_supply.h"
+#include "esphome/core/gpio.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+
+namespace esphome::power_supply::testing {
+
+// Minimal dummy internal GPIO pin implementation for testing
+class DummyInternalPin : public InternalGPIOPin {
+ public:
+  DummyInternalPin() = default;
+  void setup() override {}
+  void pin_mode(esphome::gpio::Flags) override {}
+  esphome::gpio::Flags get_flags() const override { return esphome::gpio::FLAG_NONE; }
+  bool digital_read() override { return false; }
+  void digital_write(bool) override {}
+  void detach_interrupt() const override {}
+  ISRInternalGPIOPin to_isr() const override { return ISRInternalGPIOPin(); }
+  uint8_t get_pin() const override { return 0; }
+  bool is_inverted() const override { return false; }
+
+ protected:
+  // Implement protected attach_interrupt required by InternalGPIOPin
+  void attach_interrupt(void (*func)(void *), void *arg, esphome::gpio::InterruptType type) const override {}
+};
+
+TEST(PowerSupply, HasHigherPriorityThanBusWhenInternalAndEnableOnBoot) {
+  power_supply::PowerSupply ps;
+  DummyInternalPin pin;
+  ps.set_pin(&pin);
+  ps.set_enable_on_boot(true);
+
+  // POWER priority should be greater than BUS priority
+  EXPECT_GT(ps.get_setup_priority(), setup_priority::BUS);
+}
+
+TEST(PowerSupply, FallsBackToIOWhenNotEnableOnBoot) {
+  power_supply::PowerSupply ps;
+  DummyInternalPin pin;
+  ps.set_pin(&pin);
+  ps.set_enable_on_boot(false);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(ps.get_setup_priority(), setup_priority::IO);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::power_supply::testing
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Config-only: the ESP32-S3 supports both quad and octal. The compile test uses
+# octal; this exercises the other branch of the per-variant mode enum (quad) and
+# lets speed fall back to its 40MHz default.
+psram:
+  mode: quad
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# Config-only: with no options the single-mode ESP32 resolves mode -> quad and
+# speed -> 40MHz from the per-variant defaults. Compiling adds no signal here,
+# so this only runs through `esphome config`.
+psram:
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# Config-only: the ESP32-P4 has a distinct value set (hex mode, 20/100/200MHz).
+# With no options it resolves mode -> hex and speed -> 20MHz, exercising the
+# P4-specific default branch of the per-variant enums.
+psram:
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: qmi8658
+    name: "QMI8658 Temperature"
+
+  - platform: motion
+    type: acceleration_x
+    name: "Accel X"
+    accuracy_decimals: 4
+    filters:
+      - sliding_window_moving_average:
+          window_size: 4
+          send_every: 1
+  - platform: motion
+    type: acceleration_y
+    name: "Accel Y"
+    accuracy_decimals: 4
+  - platform: motion
+    type: acceleration_z
+    name: "Accel Z"
+    accuracy_decimals: 4
+
+    # Gyroscope axes (unit: °/s)
+  - platform: motion
+    type: gyroscope_x
+    name: "Gyro X"
+  - platform: motion
+    type: gyroscope_y
+    name: "Gyro Y"
+  - platform: motion
+    type: gyroscope_z
+    name: "Gyro Z"
+
+  - platform: motion
+    type: angular_rate_x
+    name: "Angular Rate X"
+  - platform: motion
+    type: angular_rate_y
+    name: "Angular Rate Y"
+  - platform: motion
+    type: angular_rate_z
+    name: "Angular Rate Z"
+
+  - platform: motion
+    type: pitch
+    name: "Pitch"
+  - platform: motion
+    type: roll
+    name: "Roll"
+
+motion:
+  - platform: qmi8658
+    i2c_id: i2c_bus
+    # Accelerometer full-scale range: 2G | 4G | 8G | 16G
+    accelerometer_range: 4G
+
+    # Accelerometer output data rate: 31_25HZ | 62_5HZ | 125HZ | 250HZ |
+    #                                 500HZ | 1000HZ | 2000HZ | 4000HZ | 8000HZ
+    accelerometer_odr: 1000HZ
+
+    # Gyroscope full-scale range: 16DPS | 32DPS | 64DPS | 128DPS |
+    #                             256DPS | 512DPS | 1024DPS | 2048DPS
+    gyroscope_range: 2048DPS
+
+    # Gyroscope output data rate: 31_25HZ | 62_5HZ | 125HZ | 250HZ |
+    #                             500HZ | 1000HZ | 2000HZ | 4000HZ | 8000HZ
+    gyroscope_odr: 1000HZ
+    axis_map:
+      x: y
+      y: x
+      z: -z
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp8266-ard.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
@@ -7,3 +7,8 @@ speaker:
  - platform: resampler
    id: resampler_speaker_id
    output_speaker: resampler_i2s_speaker_id
+    bits_per_sample: 16
+  - platform: resampler
+    id: resampler_speaker_2_id
+    output_speaker: resampler_speaker_id
+    bits_per_sample: passthrough
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 packages:
-  uart: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart/esp32-idf.yaml
+  uart_19200: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_19200/esp32-idf.yaml

 <<: !include common.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 packages:
-  uart: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart/esp8266-ard.yaml
+  uart_19200: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_19200/esp8266-ard.yaml

 <<: !include common.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 packages:
-  uart: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart/rp2040-ard.yaml
+  uart_19200: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_19200/rp2040-ard.yaml

 <<: !include common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+socket:
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+socket:
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+socket:
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+display:
+  - platform: ssd1306_i2c
+    i2c_id: i2c_bus
+    id: st7123_ssd1306_i2c_display
+    model: SSD1306_128X64
+    reset_pin: ${display_reset_pin}
+    pages:
+      - id: st7123_page1
+        lambda: |-
+          it.rectangle(0, 0, it.get_width(), it.get_height());
+
+touchscreen:
+  - platform: st7123
+    i2c_id: i2c_bus
+    id: st7123_touchscreen
+    display: st7123_ssd1306_i2c_display
+    interrupt_pin: ${interrupt_pin}
+    reset_pin: ${reset_pin}
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+substitutions:
+  display_reset_pin: "10"
+  interrupt_pin: "20"
+  reset_pin: "21"
+
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ sx126x:
  coding_rate: CR_4_6
  tcxo_voltage: 1_8V
  tcxo_delay: 5ms
+  whitening_enable: false
+  whitening_initial: 0x1FF
  on_packet:
    then:
      - lambda: |-
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+ufm01:
+  id: ufm01_component
+  uart_id: uart_bus
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: ufm01
+    accumulated_flow:
+      id: accumulated_flow
+      name: "Accumulated flow"
+    flow:
+      id: flow
+      name: "Flow"
+    temperature:
+      id: temperature
+      name: "Temperature"
+
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: ufm01
+    ufc_chip_error:
+      id: ufc_chip_error
+      name: "UFC chip error"
+    flow_direction_wrong:
+      id: flow_direction_wrong
+      name: "Flow direction wrong"
+    empty_tube:
+      id: empty_tube
+      name: "Empty tube"
+    flow_rate_out_of_range:
+      id: flow_rate_out_of_range
+      name: "Flow rate out of range"
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  uart_2400_even: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_2400_even/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  uart_2400_even: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_2400_even/esp8266-ard.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  uart_2400_even: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_2400_even/rp2040-ard.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+waveshare_io_ch32v003:
+  - id: wave_io
+    i2c_id: i2c_bus
+    address: 0x24
+
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: gpio
+    id: wave_io_binary_sensor
+    pin:
+      waveshare_io_ch32v003: wave_io
+      number: 3
+      mode: INPUT
+      inverted: false
+
+output:
+  - platform: gpio
+    id: wave_io_output
+    pin:
+      waveshare_io_ch32v003: wave_io
+      number: 0
+      mode: OUTPUT
+      inverted: false
+
+  - platform: waveshare_io_ch32v003
+    id: wave_io_pwm_output
+    inverted: true
+    zero_means_zero: true
+    safe_pwm_levels:
+      min_value: 0
+      max_value: 247
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: waveshare_io_ch32v003
+    id: wave_io_adc
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
@@ -1,15 +1,19 @@
 psram:

-# Tests the high performance request and release; requires the USE_WIFI_RUNTIME_POWER_SAVE define
+# Tests the high performance and roaming suppression request/release APIs;
+# requires the USE_WIFI_RUNTIME_POWER_SAVE and USE_WIFI_RUNTIME_ROAMING_SUPPRESSION defines
 esphome:
  platformio_options:
    build_flags:
      - "-DUSE_WIFI_RUNTIME_POWER_SAVE"
+      - "-DUSE_WIFI_RUNTIME_ROAMING_SUPPRESSION"
  on_boot:
    - then:
        - lambda: |-
            esphome::wifi::global_wifi_component->request_high_performance();
            esphome::wifi::global_wifi_component->release_high_performance();
+            esphome::wifi::global_wifi_component->request_roaming_suppression();
+            esphome::wifi::global_wifi_component->release_roaming_suppression();

 wifi:
  use_psram: true
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ packages:
 binary_sensor:
  - platform: template
    name: "Garage Door Open 10"
-    report: "enable"
+    report: "default"
  - platform: template
    name: "Garage Door Open 12"
    report: "force"