diff --git a/esphome/components/sen5x/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sen5x/sensor.py
index 3ea526d931..761a1885ea 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sen5x/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sen5x/sensor.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from esphome import automation
 from esphome.automation import maybe_simple_id
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, sensirion_common, sensor
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_NOX_INDEX, CONF_VOC_INDEX
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ALGORITHM_TUNING,
@@ -122,7 +123,9 @@ def float_previously_pct(value):
     return value
 
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    cv.rename_key(CONF_VOC, CONF_VOC_INDEX, removed_in="2027.2.0", component="sen5x"),
+    cv.rename_key(CONF_NOX, CONF_NOX_INDEX, removed_in="2027.2.0", component="sen5x"),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(SEN5XComponent),
@@ -154,7 +157,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
                 state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_AUTO_CLEANING_INTERVAL): cv.update_interval,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_VOC): _gas_sensor(
+            cv.Optional(CONF_VOC_INDEX): _gas_sensor(
                 index_offset=100,
                 learning_time_offset=12,
                 learning_time_gain=12,
@@ -162,7 +165,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
                 std_initial=50,
                 gain_factor=230,
             ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_NOX): _gas_sensor(
+            cv.Optional(CONF_NOX_INDEX): _gas_sensor(
                 index_offset=1,
                 learning_time_offset=12,
                 learning_time_gain=12,
@@ -199,7 +202,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
         }
     )
     .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
-    .extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x69))
+    .extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x69)),
 )
 
 SENSOR_MAP = {
@@ -207,8 +210,8 @@ SENSOR_MAP = {
     CONF_PM_2_5: "set_pm_2_5_sensor",
     CONF_PM_4_0: "set_pm_4_0_sensor",
     CONF_PM_10_0: "set_pm_10_0_sensor",
-    CONF_VOC: "set_voc_sensor",
-    CONF_NOX: "set_nox_sensor",
+    CONF_VOC_INDEX: "set_voc_sensor",
+    CONF_NOX_INDEX: "set_nox_sensor",
     CONF_TEMPERATURE: "set_temperature_sensor",
     CONF_HUMIDITY: "set_humidity_sensor",
 }
@@ -237,7 +240,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
             sens = await sensor.new_sensor(cfg)
             cg.add(getattr(var, funcName)(sens))
 
-    if cfg := config.get(CONF_VOC, {}).get(CONF_ALGORITHM_TUNING):
+    if cfg := config.get(CONF_VOC_INDEX, {}).get(CONF_ALGORITHM_TUNING):
         cg.add(
             var.set_voc_algorithm_tuning(
                 cfg[CONF_INDEX_OFFSET],
@@ -248,7 +251,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
                 cfg[CONF_GAIN_FACTOR],
             )
         )
-    if cfg := config.get(CONF_NOX, {}).get(CONF_ALGORITHM_TUNING):
+    if cfg := config.get(CONF_NOX_INDEX, {}).get(CONF_ALGORITHM_TUNING):
         cg.add(
             var.set_nox_algorithm_tuning(
                 cfg[CONF_INDEX_OFFSET],
diff --git a/tests/components/sen5x/common.yaml b/tests/components/sen5x/common.yaml
index 20f3a1dfd8..5cfff15243 100644
--- a/tests/components/sen5x/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/sen5x/common.yaml
@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@ sensor:
       name: PM <10µm Weight concentration
       id: pm_10_0
       accuracy_decimals: 1
-    nox:
-      name: NOx
-    voc:
-      name: VOC
+    nox_index:
+      name: NOx Index
+    voc_index:
+      name: VOC Index
       algorithm_tuning:
         index_offset: 100
         learning_time_offset_hours: 12