Merge branch 'esp8266-native-ninja-emission' into esp8266-arduino-toolchain

# Conflicts:
#	esphome/components/esp8266/__init__.py

tests/component_tests/remote_transmitter/test_non_blocking_gate.py

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ from ..types import SetCoreConfigCallable
         (PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF, None, True),
         (PlatformFramework.RTL87XX_ARDUINO, FAMILY_RTL8720C, True),
         (PlatformFramework.RTL87XX_ARDUINO, FAMILY_RTL8710B, False),
-        (PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO, FAMILY_BK7231N, True),
+        (PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO, FAMILY_BK7231N, False),
         (PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO, FAMILY_BK7238, True),
         (PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO, FAMILY_BK7231T, False),
         (PlatformFramework.ESP8266_ARDUINO, None, False),

tests/component_tests/sdl/test_sdl.py

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+"""Tests for the sdl display schema, in particular the headless option."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components.sdl.display import (
+    CONF_SDL_ID,
+    CONFIG_SCHEMA,
+    headless_final_validate,
+)
+from esphome.config import Config
+from esphome.const import PlatformFramework
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.final_validate import full_config
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+from tests.component_tests.types import SetCoreConfigCallable
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def _host_platform(set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable) -> None:
+    set_core_config(PlatformFramework.HOST_NATIVE)
+
+
+def _config(**extra: object) -> ConfigType:
+    config: ConfigType = {
+        "dimensions": {"width": 320, "height": 240},
+        # sdl2-config is not necessarily installed in the test environment
+        "sdl_options": "-lSDL2",
+    }
+    config.update(extra)
+    return config
+
+
+def test_defaults_to_windowed() -> None:
+    """A display without the option is not headless."""
+    assert CONFIG_SCHEMA(_config())["headless"] is False
+
+
+def test_headless_accepted() -> None:
+    """A headless display needs nothing beyond the dimensions."""
+    assert CONFIG_SCHEMA(_config(headless=True))["headless"] is True
+
+
+def test_headless_rejects_window_options() -> None:
+    """Window options are meaningless without a window."""
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="has no effect"):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA(
+            _config(headless=True, window_options={"position": {"x": 0, "y": 0}})
+        )
+
+
+def test_headless_rejects_snapshot_key() -> None:
+    """A headless display has no keyboard, so the action is the only way in."""
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="snapshot.take"):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA(_config(headless=True, snapshot_key="SDLK_F12"))
+
+
+def test_snapshot_key_accepted_when_windowed() -> None:
+    """The key is only valid alongside a window."""
+    config = CONFIG_SCHEMA(_config(snapshot_key="SDLK_F12"))
+    assert str(config["snapshot_key"]) == "SDLK_F12"
+
+
+def _declare_sdl_display(headless: bool) -> ID:
+    """Register a full_config with a single sdl display declaration and return a reference to it.
+
+    Mirrors what the real config pipeline leaves behind: a "display" domain entry plus a
+    declare_ids record id_declaration_match_schema uses to find it again.
+    """
+    declared_id = ID("my_sdl", is_declaration=True)
+    fc = Config()
+    fc["display"] = [
+        {
+            "platform": "sdl",
+            "id": declared_id,
+            "headless": headless,
+            "dimensions": {"width": 320, "height": 240},
+        }
+    ]
+    fc.declare_ids.append((declared_id, ["display", 0, "id"]))
+    full_config.set(fc)
+    return ID("my_sdl")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("platform", ["binary_sensor", "touchscreen"])
+def test_headless_final_validate_rejects_headless_display(platform: str) -> None:
+    """binary_sensor and touchscreen both need a window, so a headless display is rejected."""
+    sdl_ref = _declare_sdl_display(headless=True)
+    schema = headless_final_validate(platform)
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="needs a window"):
+        schema({CONF_SDL_ID: sdl_ref})
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("platform", ["binary_sensor", "touchscreen"])
+def test_headless_final_validate_accepts_windowed_display(platform: str) -> None:
+    """The same platforms are accepted once the display has a window."""
+    sdl_ref = _declare_sdl_display(headless=False)
+    schema = headless_final_validate(platform)
+    schema({CONF_SDL_ID: sdl_ref})  # Should not raise.

tests/components/cse7761/test.esp32-idf.yaml

@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ substitutions:
   rx_pin: GPIO14
 
 packages:
-  uart_38400: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_38400/esp32-idf.yaml
+  uart_38400_even: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_38400_even/esp32-idf.yaml
 
 <<: !include common.yaml

tests/components/cse7761/test.esp8266-ard.yaml

@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ substitutions:
   rx_pin: GPIO3
 
 packages:
-  uart_38400: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_38400/esp8266-ard.yaml
+  uart_38400_even: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_38400_even/esp8266-ard.yaml
 
 <<: !include common.yaml

tests/components/cse7761/test.rp2040-ard.yaml

@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ substitutions:
   rx_pin: GPIO5
 
 packages:
-  uart_38400: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_38400/rp2040-ard.yaml
+  uart_38400_even: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_38400_even/rp2040-ard.yaml
 
 <<: !include common.yaml

tests/components/kamstrup_kmp/test.esp32-idf.yaml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 packages:
-  uart_1200: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_1200/esp32-idf.yaml
+  uart_1200_none_2stopbits: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_1200_none_2stopbits/esp32-idf.yaml
 
 <<: !include common.yaml

tests/components/kamstrup_kmp/test.esp8266-ard.yaml

@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ substitutions:
   uart_rx_pin: GPIO3
 
 packages:
-  uart_1200: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_1200/esp8266-ard.yaml
+  uart_1200_none_2stopbits: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_1200_none_2stopbits/esp8266-ard.yaml
 
 <<: !include common.yaml

tests/components/pylontech/test.esp32-idf.yaml

@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ substitutions:
   rx_pin: GPIO5
 
 packages:
-  uart: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart/esp32-idf.yaml
+  uart_115200: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_115200/esp32-idf.yaml
 
 <<: !include common.yaml

tests/components/pylontech/test.esp8266-ard.yaml

@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ substitutions:
   rx_pin: GPIO2
 
 packages:
-  uart: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart/esp8266-ard.yaml
+  uart_115200: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_115200/esp8266-ard.yaml
 
 <<: !include common.yaml

tests/components/pylontech/test.rp2040-ard.yaml

@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ substitutions:
   rx_pin: GPIO5
 
 packages:
-  uart: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart/rp2040-ard.yaml
+  uart_115200: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_115200/rp2040-ard.yaml
 
 <<: !include common.yaml

tests/components/remote_transmitter/test.bk72xx-ard.yaml

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ remote_transmitter:
   id: xmitr
   pin: GPIO26
   carrier_duty_percent: 50%
-  # non_blocking is bk7231n/bk7238-only; the CI board is a BK7252
+  # non_blocking is bk7238-only; the CI board is a BK7252, so this builds the bit-bang path
 
 packages:
   buttons: !include common-buttons.yaml

tests/components/sdl/common.yaml

@@ -14,6 +14,15 @@ display:
       position:
         x: 100
         y: 100
+    snapshot_key: SDLK_F12
+
+  - platform: sdl
+    id: headless_display
+    headless: true
+    show_test_card: true
+    dimensions:
+      width: 320
+      height: 240
 
   - platform: sdl
     id: second_display
@@ -46,3 +55,21 @@ binary_sensor:
     sdl_id: sdl_sdl_display
     id: key_enter
     key: SDLK_RETURN
+
+esphome:
+  # A name of your own is only good for one snapshot - a second one under the same name fails
+  # rather than writing over the first - so these run once rather than on a repeating interval.
+  on_boot:
+    - delay: 2s
+    - snapshot.take:
+        id: headless_display
+        filename: test_card.bmp
+    - snapshot.take:
+        id: headless_display
+        filename: !lambda 'return "shot.bmp";'
+
+interval:
+  # A generated name has the time in it, so this one can repeat.
+  - interval: 10s
+    then:
+      - snapshot.take: sdl_sdl_display

tests/components/sdl/validate.host.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# Config-only test for the headless and screenshot options. The combinations that must be
+# rejected are covered by tests/component_tests/sdl/test_sdl.py; this file checks that the
+# accepted forms validate together.
+host:
+  mac_address: "62:23:45:AF:B3:DD"
+
+display:
+  - platform: sdl
+    id: headless_display
+    headless: true
+    dimensions: 320x240
+
+  - platform: sdl
+    id: windowed_display
+    dimensions: 320x240
+    snapshot_key: SDLK_F12
+
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: sdl
+    sdl_id: windowed_display
+    id: key_up
+    key: SDLK_UP
+
+interval:
+  - interval: 10s
+    then:
+      - snapshot.take:
+          id: headless_display
+          filename: periodic.bmp

tests/components/snapshot/common.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+display:
+  - platform: snapshot
+    id: snapshot_display
+    update_interval: 1s
+    show_test_card: true
+    # An odd width exercises the row padding in the BMP writer
+    dimensions:
+      width: 101
+      height: 64
+
+  - platform: snapshot
+    id: snapshot_rotated
+    rotation: 90
+    dimensions: 320x240
+    lambda: |-
+      it.filled_rectangle(0, 0, 40, 20, Color(0xFF, 0x80, 0x00));
+
+esphome:
+  # A name of your own is only good for one snapshot - a second one under the same name fails
+  # rather than writing over the first - so these run once rather than on a repeating interval.
+  on_boot:
+    - delay: 2s
+    - snapshot.take:
+        id: snapshot_display
+        filename: test_card.bmp
+    - snapshot.take:
+        id: snapshot_rotated
+        filename: !lambda 'return "rotated.bmp";'
+
+interval:
+  # A generated name has the time in it, so this one can repeat.
+  - interval: 10s
+    then:
+      - snapshot.take: snapshot_display

tests/components/snapshot/test.host.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+host:
+  mac_address: "62:23:45:AF:B3:DE"
+
+packages:
+  snapshot: !include common.yaml

tests/components/teleinfo/test.esp32-idf.yaml

@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ substitutions:
   rx_pin: GPIO5
 
 packages:
-  uart: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart/esp32-idf.yaml
+  uart_1200_even_7bits: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_1200_even_7bits/esp32-idf.yaml
 
 <<: !include common.yaml

tests/components/teleinfo/test.esp8266-ard.yaml

@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ substitutions:
   rx_pin: GPIO2
 
 packages:
-  uart: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart/esp8266-ard.yaml
+  uart_1200_even_7bits: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_1200_even_7bits/esp8266-ard.yaml
 
 <<: !include common.yaml

tests/components/teleinfo/test.rp2040-ard.yaml

@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ substitutions:
   rx_pin: GPIO5
 
 packages:
-  uart: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart/rp2040-ard.yaml
+  uart_1200_even_7bits: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_1200_even_7bits/rp2040-ard.yaml
 
 <<: !include common.yaml

tests/components/teleinfo/validate-standard.esp32-idf.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+packages:
+  uart_9600_even_7bits: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_9600_even_7bits/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+teleinfo:
+  id: test_teleinfo_standard
+  historical_mode: false
+  update_interval: 60s
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: teleinfo
+    name: sinsts
+    tag_name: SINSTS
+    teleinfo_id: test_teleinfo_standard
+    unit_of_measurement: VA

tests/integration/artifact_utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+"""Shared utilities for ESPHome integration tests - keeping output from failing tests."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+#: Where a failing test leaves output for someone to look at afterwards. pytest's own
+#: temporary folder is no use on a CI runner, which throws the whole workspace away when
+#: the job ends; the workflow uploads this folder instead when a job fails.
+ARTIFACT_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[2] / "test_artifacts"
+
+
+def keep_artifact(name: str, data: bytes) -> Path:
+    """Write ``data`` where it can still be read after the run, and return the path.
+
+    Args:
+        name: File name to write under the artifact folder.
+        data: Contents to write.
+
+    Returns:
+        The full path written.
+    """
+    ARTIFACT_DIR.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    path = ARTIFACT_DIR / name
+    path.write_bytes(data)
+    return path

tests/integration/bmp_utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+"""Shared utilities for ESPHome integration tests - reading BMP snapshots."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from pathlib import Path
+import struct
+
+# Size of the smallest BMP header pair (file header plus BITMAPINFOHEADER).
+_MIN_HEADER_SIZE = 54
+
+# How long capture_when_drawn() keeps asking for a picture with something on it.
+DRAW_TIMEOUT = 15.0
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class Bmp:
+    """A decoded BMP image."""
+
+    width: int
+    height: int
+    bits: int
+    #: Pixel data with the per row padding stripped, so it depends only on the image itself.
+    pixels: bytes
+
+
+class NotABmpError(Exception):
+    """The data is not a BMP at all, as opposed to a BMP that is still being written."""
+
+
+def parse_bmp(data: bytes) -> Bmp | None:
+    """Decode a BMP, or return None if the data is not a complete image yet.
+
+    Raises:
+        NotABmpError: If the data cannot become a valid BMP however much more is appended.
+    """
+    # Writes go to the file in order, so a short read is always a prefix of what will be there.
+    # Anything wrong in a prefix we have already read is wrong for good, and worth saying now
+    # rather than reporting as a timeout later.
+    if len(data) >= 2 and data[:2] != b"BM":
+        raise NotABmpError(f"expected a BMP, got {data[:2]!r}")
+    if len(data) < _MIN_HEADER_SIZE:
+        return None
+    file_size = struct.unpack_from("<I", data, 2)[0]
+    offset = struct.unpack_from("<I", data, 10)[0]
+    width, height = struct.unpack_from("<ii", data, 18)
+    bits = struct.unpack_from("<H", data, 28)[0]
+    rows = abs(height)
+    row_size = ((width * bits + 31) // 32) * 4
+    if width <= 0 or rows == 0 or bits == 0 or offset < _MIN_HEADER_SIZE:
+        raise NotABmpError(
+            f"BMP header makes no sense: {width}x{height}, {bits} bits, "
+            f"pixels at offset {offset}"
+        )
+    if file_size < offset + row_size * rows:
+        raise NotABmpError(
+            f"BMP header claims {file_size} bytes, too few for {width}x{rows} "
+            f"at {bits} bits"
+        )
+    if len(data) < file_size:
+        return None
+    used = width * bits // 8
+    pixels = b"".join(
+        data[offset + row * row_size : offset + row * row_size + used]
+        for row in range(rows)
+    )
+    return Bmp(width=width, height=rows, bits=bits, pixels=pixels)
+
+
+async def wait_for_bmp(path: Path, timeout: float = 5.0) -> Bmp:
+    """Wait for a complete BMP file to appear at ``path`` and return it.
+
+    The file is created before any of its contents are written, so waiting for it to exist is
+    not enough - a read that wins the race sees a truncated image. Keep reading until the
+    headers say the whole image is there.
+
+    Args:
+        path: The file to wait for.
+        timeout: Maximum time to wait in seconds.
+
+    Returns:
+        The decoded image.
+
+    Raises:
+        AssertionError: If no complete image is readable within ``timeout``.
+        NotABmpError: If what was written is not a BMP. This is reported as soon as it is
+            seen, so a device that writes the wrong thing is named for what it did rather
+            than waiting out the timeout.
+    """
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    deadline = loop.time() + timeout
+    while True:
+        try:
+            data = path.read_bytes()
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            data = b""
+        if (image := parse_bmp(data)) is not None:
+            return image
+        if loop.time() >= deadline:
+            break
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.05)
+    if not data:
+        raise AssertionError(f"no snapshot appeared at {path} within {timeout}s")
+    raise AssertionError(
+        f"{path} was still incomplete after {timeout}s ({len(data)} bytes)"
+    )
+
+
+def is_blank(image: Bmp) -> bool:
+    """True if every pixel of the image is the same colour.
+
+    Whole pixels are counted rather than byte values: a plain background is usually made of more
+    than one distinct byte, so counting bytes would find several of them in a blank screen.
+    """
+    return len({image.pixels[i : i + 3] for i in range(0, len(image.pixels), 3)}) <= 1
+
+
+async def capture_when_drawn(
+    take: Callable[[str], Awaitable[None]],
+    directory: Path,
+    prefix: str = "drawn",
+    timeout: float = DRAW_TIMEOUT,
+) -> tuple[Bmp, Path]:
+    """Ask for snapshots until one has something drawn on it, and return it and where it went.
+
+    A display holds one flat colour until it first draws, which is one update interval after it
+    starts - long enough that a test connecting over the API can easily get in first. Capturing
+    once and hoping would compare a blank screen against whatever the test expects, reporting a
+    drawing fault where the real trouble was timing.
+
+    Args:
+        take: Asks the device for a snapshot under the name it is given.
+        directory: Where the device writes them.
+        prefix: Start of the names asked for. Each attempt needs its own, because a snapshot never
+            writes over a file that is already there.
+        timeout: How long to keep asking.
+
+    Returns:
+        The first image that is not one flat colour, and the path it was read from.
+
+    Raises:
+        AssertionError: If nothing had been drawn within ``timeout``.
+    """
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    deadline = loop.time() + timeout
+    attempt = 0
+    while True:
+        attempt += 1
+        path = directory / f"{prefix}-{attempt}.bmp"
+        await take(path.name)
+        image = await wait_for_bmp(path)
+        if not is_blank(image):
+            return image, path
+        if loop.time() >= deadline:
+            raise AssertionError(
+                f"the screen was still a single flat colour after {timeout}s and "
+                f"{attempt} captures - nothing was drawn"
+            )
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.5)

tests/integration/fixtures/lvgl_headless_render.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+esphome:
+  name: lvgl-headless-render-test
+host:
+
+api:
+  actions:
+    # The name comes from the test so it can capture more than once: a snapshot never writes over
+    # a file that is already there, so a fixed name could only ever be captured once.
+    - action: take_screenshot
+      variables:
+        name: string
+      then:
+        - snapshot.take:
+            id: lvgl_display
+            filename: !lambda return name;
+
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
+
+display:
+  # A display with no screen, so what LVGL draws depends on LVGL alone - nothing about the machine
+  # running the test, and no graphics library outside this repository, can move the result.
+  - platform: snapshot
+    id: lvgl_display
+    auto_clear_enabled: false
+    dimensions:
+      width: 300
+      height: 300
+
+# The widgets are spelled out here rather than left to the built in "Hello World" screen, which
+# LVGL builds when nothing is configured: that screen contains a spinner, and an animation cannot
+# produce the same picture twice.
+#
+# Everything that affects the rendered pixels is set explicitly, so the expected hash in the test
+# depends only on the drawing code and the built in font. In particular the background comes from a
+# full screen object rather than from the theme, so adjusting a theme default does not break this.
+lvgl:
+  displays: lvgl_display
+  default_font: montserrat_14
+  widgets:
+    - obj:
+        width: 100%
+        height: 100%
+        bg_color: 0x000080
+        bg_opa: cover
+        border_width: 0
+        radius: 0
+        pad_all: 0
+        widgets:
+          - label:
+              align: center
+              text: "Hello World!"
+              text_color: 0xFFFFFF

tests/integration/fixtures/sdl_headless_screenshot.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+esphome:
+  name: sdl-headless-screenshot-test
+host:
+
+api:
+  actions:
+    # The name comes from the test so it can capture more than once while it waits for the first
+    # frame: a snapshot never writes over a file that is already there.
+    - action: take_screenshot
+      variables:
+        name: string
+      then:
+        - snapshot.take:
+            id: sdl_display
+            filename: !lambda return name;
+
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
+
+display:
+  - platform: sdl
+    id: sdl_display
+    headless: true
+    show_test_card: true
+    update_interval: 100ms
+    # An odd width exercises the row padding in the BMP writer
+    dimensions:
+      width: 101
+      height: 64

tests/integration/fixtures/snapshot_display.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+esphome:
+  name: snapshot-display-test
+host:
+
+api:
+  actions:
+    # The name comes from the test so it can ask for several in a row and check what each one
+    # does with it.
+    - action: take_snapshot
+      variables:
+        name: string
+      then:
+        - snapshot.take:
+            id: snapshot_display
+            filename: !lambda return name;
+
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
+
+display:
+  - platform: snapshot
+    id: snapshot_display
+    show_test_card: true
+    update_interval: 100ms
+    # An odd width exercises the row padding in the BMP writer
+    dimensions:
+      width: 101
+      height: 64

tests/integration/integration_test_durations.json

@@ -1,142 +1,143 @@
 {
-  "tests/integration/test_action_concurrent_reentry.py": 45.23,
-  "tests/integration/test_addressable_light_transition.py": 74.47,
-  "tests/integration/test_alarm_control_panel_state_transitions.py": 74.1,
-  "tests/integration/test_api_action_metadata.py": 62.1,
-  "tests/integration/test_api_action_responses.py": 71.08,
-  "tests/integration/test_api_action_timeout.py": 21.64,
-  "tests/integration/test_api_conditional_memory.py": 13.72,
-  "tests/integration/test_api_custom_services.py": 24.16,
-  "tests/integration/test_api_get_time_response_timezone.py": 23.48,
-  "tests/integration/test_api_homeassistant.py": 37.87,
-  "tests/integration/test_api_homeassistant_action_no_subscriber.py": 14.38,
-  "tests/integration/test_api_list_entities_backpressure.py": 26.85,
-  "tests/integration/test_api_message_size_batching.py": 33.36,
-  "tests/integration/test_api_reboot_timeout.py": 13.63,
-  "tests/integration/test_api_string_lambda.py": 25.04,
-  "tests/integration/test_api_vv_logging.py": 16.6,
-  "tests/integration/test_api_zero_psk_provisioning.py": 43.14,
-  "tests/integration/test_areas_and_devices.py": 25.98,
-  "tests/integration/test_automation_wait_actions.py": 21.91,
-  "tests/integration/test_automations.py": 42.43,
-  "tests/integration/test_batch_delay_zero_rapid_transitions.py": 16.65,
-  "tests/integration/test_binary_sensor_autorepeat_filter.py": 28.67,
-  "tests/integration/test_binary_sensor_invalidate_state.py": 23.69,
-  "tests/integration/test_blocking_warning_log_time_not_charged_to_next_operation.py": 22.99,
-  "tests/integration/test_build_info.py": 24.96,
-  "tests/integration/test_camera_mock.py": 14.47,
-  "tests/integration/test_climate_control_action.py": 31.07,
-  "tests/integration/test_climate_custom_modes.py": 28.59,
-  "tests/integration/test_continuation_actions.py": 14.96,
-  "tests/integration/test_cover_control_action.py": 26.14,
-  "tests/integration/test_crc8_helper.py": 10.92,
-  "tests/integration/test_device_id_in_state.py": 64.97,
-  "tests/integration/test_duplicate_entities.py": 30.81,
-  "tests/integration/test_entity_icon.py": 32.85,
-  "tests/integration/test_fan_turn_on_action.py": 24.91,
-  "tests/integration/test_fnv1_hash_object_id.py": 12.54,
-  "tests/integration/test_fnv1a_hash.py": 21.8,
-  "tests/integration/test_gpio_expander_cache.py": 5.2,
-  "tests/integration/test_host_logger_thread_safety.py": 21.7,
-  "tests/integration/test_host_mode_basic.py": 13.62,
-  "tests/integration/test_host_mode_batch_delay.py": 14.56,
-  "tests/integration/test_host_mode_climate_basic_state.py": 30.95,
-  "tests/integration/test_host_mode_climate_control.py": 29.06,
-  "tests/integration/test_host_mode_empty_string_options.py": 27.22,
-  "tests/integration/test_host_mode_entity_fields.py": 30.95,
-  "tests/integration/test_host_mode_fan_preset.py": 14.44,
-  "tests/integration/test_host_mode_many_entities.py": 54.13,
-  "tests/integration/test_host_mode_many_entities_multiple_connections.py": 32.17,
-  "tests/integration/test_host_mode_noise_encryption.py": 42.77,
-  "tests/integration/test_host_mode_reconnect.py": 4.06,
-  "tests/integration/test_host_mode_sensor.py": 13.47,
-  "tests/integration/test_host_ota.py": 21.4,
-  "tests/integration/test_host_preferences.py": 25.43,
-  "tests/integration/test_host_preferences_suspend_resume.py": 19.2,
-  "tests/integration/test_improv_serial_uart.py": 31.52,
-  "tests/integration/test_large_message_batching.py": 15.64,
-  "tests/integration/test_legacy_area.py": 22.63,
-  "tests/integration/test_legacy_climate_compat.py": 26.13,
-  "tests/integration/test_legacy_fan_compat.py": 24.05,
-  "tests/integration/test_light_automations.py": 30.86,
-  "tests/integration/test_light_binary_effect_off_phase.py": 23.19,
-  "tests/integration/test_light_calls.py": 32.35,
-  "tests/integration/test_light_constant_brightness.py": 29.89,
-  "tests/integration/test_light_control_action.py": 29.06,
-  "tests/integration/test_light_dim_relative_action.py": 29.61,
-  "tests/integration/test_light_effect_zero_brightness.py": 18.68,
-  "tests/integration/test_light_initial_state.py": 24.49,
-  "tests/integration/test_light_toggle_action.py": 26.46,
-  "tests/integration/test_lock_automations.py": 23.28,
-  "tests/integration/test_logger_buffered_recursion_guard.py": 24.29,
-  "tests/integration/test_loop_disable_enable.py": 45.28,
-  "tests/integration/test_loop_interval_decoupling.py": 28.35,
-  "tests/integration/test_loop_interval_default_not_pulled_forward.py": 21.97,
-  "tests/integration/test_micros_to_millis.py": 20.79,
-  "tests/integration/test_multi_click_trigger.py": 26.2,
-  "tests/integration/test_multi_device_preferences.py": 16.87,
-  "tests/integration/test_noise_encryption_key_protection.py": 77.05,
-  "tests/integration/test_object_id_api_verification.py": 73.51,
-  "tests/integration/test_object_id_friendly_name_no_mac_suffix.py": 62.33,
-  "tests/integration/test_object_id_no_friendly_name.py": 43.47,
-  "tests/integration/test_online_image_auto_detects_image_bmp_mime.py": 32.21,
-  "tests/integration/test_online_image_auto_detects_redirected_image_bmp_mime.py": 56.86,
-  "tests/integration/test_online_image_bmp.py": 50.9,
-  "tests/integration/test_oversized_payloads.py": 53.2,
-  "tests/integration/test_preference_key_stability.py": 26.09,
-  "tests/integration/test_runtime_stats.py": 18.34,
-  "tests/integration/test_safe_mode_loop_runs.py": 10.07,
-  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_blocking_warning.py": 40.91,
-  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_bulk_cleanup.py": 23.14,
-  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_defer_cancel.py": 24.54,
-  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_defer_cancel_regular.py": 13.48,
-  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_defer_fifo_simple.py": 26.86,
-  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_defer_stress.py": 27.23,
-  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_heap_stress.py": 24.02,
-  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_internal_id_no_collision.py": 24.57,
-  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_interval_reschedule.py": 13.12,
-  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_interval_zero_coerced.py": 22.91,
-  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_null_name.py": 23.46,
-  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_numeric_id_test.py": 24.54,
-  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_pool.py": 25.0,
-  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_rapid_cancellation.py": 14.68,
-  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_recursive_timeout.py": 25.35,
-  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_removed_item_race.py": 26.19,
-  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_self_keyed.py": 23.43,
-  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_simultaneous_callbacks.py": 22.16,
-  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_string_test.py": 15.22,
-  "tests/integration/test_script_array_params.py": 14.67,
-  "tests/integration/test_script_delay_params.py": 15.65,
-  "tests/integration/test_script_queued.py": 24.93,
-  "tests/integration/test_script_queued_idle_loop.py": 5.04,
-  "tests/integration/test_script_wait_on_boot.py": 13.08,
-  "tests/integration/test_select_stringref_trigger.py": 29.6,
-  "tests/integration/test_sensor_filters_delta.py": 28.01,
-  "tests/integration/test_sensor_filters_ring_buffer.py": 25.04,
-  "tests/integration/test_sensor_filters_sliding_window.py": 71.5,
-  "tests/integration/test_sensor_filters_value_list.py": 16.94,
-  "tests/integration/test_sensor_timeout_filter.py": 29.48,
-  "tests/integration/test_socket_wake_gate_tcp.py": 20.36,
-  "tests/integration/test_status_flags.py": 37.42,
-  "tests/integration/test_strftime_to.py": 22.61,
-  "tests/integration/test_syslog.py": 16.34,
-  "tests/integration/test_template_alarm_control_panel_many_sensors.py": 29.81,
-  "tests/integration/test_template_text_save.py": 25.43,
-  "tests/integration/test_text_command.py": 23.34,
-  "tests/integration/test_text_sensor_raw_state.py": 69.57,
-  "tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2410.py": 37.95,
-  "tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2412.py": 93.22,
-  "tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2420.py": 43.24,
-  "tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2450.py": 31.75,
-  "tests/integration/test_uart_mock_modbus.py": 667.4,
-  "tests/integration/test_udp.py": 9.38,
-  "tests/integration/test_use_address_runtime.py": 37.05,
-  "tests/integration/test_valve_control_action.py": 24.47,
-  "tests/integration/test_varint_five_byte_device_id.py": 25.03,
-  "tests/integration/test_wait_until_mid_loop_timing.py": 23.73,
-  "tests/integration/test_wait_until_on_boot.py": 9.16,
-  "tests/integration/test_wait_until_ordering.py": 13.3,
-  "tests/integration/test_wait_until_reentrant_restart.py": 25.23,
-  "tests/integration/test_wake_loop_forces_phase_b.py": 23.34,
-  "tests/integration/test_water_heater_template.py": 17.67
+  "tests/integration/test_action_concurrent_reentry.py": 57.91,
+  "tests/integration/test_addressable_light_transition.py": 21.25,
+  "tests/integration/test_alarm_control_panel_state_transitions.py": 70.71,
+  "tests/integration/test_api_action_metadata.py": 66.6,
+  "tests/integration/test_api_action_responses.py": 36.1,
+  "tests/integration/test_api_action_timeout.py": 68.86,
+  "tests/integration/test_api_conditional_memory.py": 15.48,
+  "tests/integration/test_api_custom_services.py": 18.77,
+  "tests/integration/test_api_get_time_response_timezone.py": 21.08,
+  "tests/integration/test_api_homeassistant.py": 65.59,
+  "tests/integration/test_api_homeassistant_action_no_subscriber.py": 18.44,
+  "tests/integration/test_api_homeassistant_binary_sensor_initial_state.py": 15.05,
+  "tests/integration/test_api_list_entities_backpressure.py": 13.88,
+  "tests/integration/test_api_message_size_batching.py": 29.98,
+  "tests/integration/test_api_reboot_timeout.py": 16.05,
+  "tests/integration/test_api_string_lambda.py": 15.31,
+  "tests/integration/test_api_vv_logging.py": 19.28,
+  "tests/integration/test_api_zero_psk_provisioning.py": 31.5,
+  "tests/integration/test_areas_and_devices.py": 24.95,
+  "tests/integration/test_automation_wait_actions.py": 20.92,
+  "tests/integration/test_automations.py": 35.19,
+  "tests/integration/test_batch_delay_zero_rapid_transitions.py": 17.99,
+  "tests/integration/test_binary_sensor_autorepeat_filter.py": 20.39,
+  "tests/integration/test_binary_sensor_invalidate_state.py": 18.41,
+  "tests/integration/test_blocking_warning_log_time_not_charged_to_next_operation.py": 24.69,
+  "tests/integration/test_build_info.py": 18.7,
+  "tests/integration/test_camera_mock.py": 16.23,
+  "tests/integration/test_climate_control_action.py": 21.14,
+  "tests/integration/test_climate_custom_modes.py": 20.74,
+  "tests/integration/test_continuation_actions.py": 16.81,
+  "tests/integration/test_cover_control_action.py": 20.34,
+  "tests/integration/test_crc8_helper.py": 9.36,
+  "tests/integration/test_device_id_in_state.py": 44.67,
+  "tests/integration/test_duplicate_entities.py": 23.58,
+  "tests/integration/test_entity_icon.py": 34.35,
+  "tests/integration/test_fan_turn_on_action.py": 24.23,
+  "tests/integration/test_fnv1_hash_object_id.py": 16.21,
+  "tests/integration/test_fnv1a_hash.py": 13.38,
+  "tests/integration/test_gpio_expander_cache.py": 13.06,
+  "tests/integration/test_host_logger_thread_safety.py": 23.66,
+  "tests/integration/test_host_mode_basic.py": 8.01,
+  "tests/integration/test_host_mode_batch_delay.py": 21.0,
+  "tests/integration/test_host_mode_climate_basic_state.py": 22.14,
+  "tests/integration/test_host_mode_climate_control.py": 19.39,
+  "tests/integration/test_host_mode_empty_string_options.py": 21.76,
+  "tests/integration/test_host_mode_entity_fields.py": 29.61,
+  "tests/integration/test_host_mode_fan_preset.py": 20.01,
+  "tests/integration/test_host_mode_many_entities.py": 39.08,
+  "tests/integration/test_host_mode_many_entities_multiple_connections.py": 23.92,
+  "tests/integration/test_host_mode_noise_encryption.py": 42.42,
+  "tests/integration/test_host_mode_reconnect.py": 3.41,
+  "tests/integration/test_host_mode_sensor.py": 22.96,
+  "tests/integration/test_host_ota.py": 29.5,
+  "tests/integration/test_host_preferences.py": 16.06,
+  "tests/integration/test_host_preferences_suspend_resume.py": 18.71,
+  "tests/integration/test_improv_serial_uart.py": 20.22,
+  "tests/integration/test_large_message_batching.py": 26.56,
+  "tests/integration/test_legacy_area.py": 22.72,
+  "tests/integration/test_legacy_climate_compat.py": 14.13,
+  "tests/integration/test_legacy_fan_compat.py": 14.33,
+  "tests/integration/test_light_automations.py": 18.81,
+  "tests/integration/test_light_binary_effect_off_phase.py": 8.38,
+  "tests/integration/test_light_calls.py": 21.88,
+  "tests/integration/test_light_constant_brightness.py": 59.45,
+  "tests/integration/test_light_control_action.py": 31.91,
+  "tests/integration/test_light_dim_relative_action.py": 14.43,
+  "tests/integration/test_light_effect_zero_brightness.py": 25.05,
+  "tests/integration/test_light_initial_state.py": 18.97,
+  "tests/integration/test_light_toggle_action.py": 17.44,
+  "tests/integration/test_lock_automations.py": 18.9,
+  "tests/integration/test_logger_buffered_recursion_guard.py": 18.2,
+  "tests/integration/test_loop_disable_enable.py": 63.35,
+  "tests/integration/test_loop_interval_decoupling.py": 17.7,
+  "tests/integration/test_loop_interval_default_not_pulled_forward.py": 21.56,
+  "tests/integration/test_micros_to_millis.py": 15.89,
+  "tests/integration/test_multi_click_trigger.py": 17.23,
+  "tests/integration/test_multi_device_preferences.py": 19.4,
+  "tests/integration/test_noise_encryption_key_protection.py": 72.59,
+  "tests/integration/test_object_id_api_verification.py": 19.22,
+  "tests/integration/test_object_id_friendly_name_no_mac_suffix.py": 16.77,
+  "tests/integration/test_object_id_no_friendly_name.py": 45.8,
+  "tests/integration/test_online_image_auto_detects_image_bmp_mime.py": 86.73,
+  "tests/integration/test_online_image_auto_detects_redirected_image_bmp_mime.py": 40.4,
+  "tests/integration/test_online_image_bmp.py": 37.24,
+  "tests/integration/test_oversized_payloads.py": 55.75,
+  "tests/integration/test_preference_key_stability.py": 25.49,
+  "tests/integration/test_runtime_stats.py": 29.81,
+  "tests/integration/test_safe_mode_loop_runs.py": 6.26,
+  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_blocking_warning.py": 37.98,
+  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_bulk_cleanup.py": 18.67,
+  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_defer_cancel.py": 18.46,
+  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_defer_cancel_regular.py": 16.34,
+  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_defer_fifo_simple.py": 18.26,
+  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_defer_stress.py": 17.74,
+  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_heap_stress.py": 3.89,
+  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_internal_id_no_collision.py": 20.01,
+  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_interval_reschedule.py": 16.29,
+  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_interval_zero_coerced.py": 16.09,
+  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_null_name.py": 14.69,
+  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_numeric_id_test.py": 17.08,
+  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_pool.py": 19.88,
+  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_rapid_cancellation.py": 4.42,
+  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_recursive_timeout.py": 4.3,
+  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_removed_item_race.py": 15.49,
+  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_self_keyed.py": 25.77,
+  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_simultaneous_callbacks.py": 14.84,
+  "tests/integration/test_scheduler_string_test.py": 15.42,
+  "tests/integration/test_script_array_params.py": 12.73,
+  "tests/integration/test_script_delay_params.py": 12.69,
+  "tests/integration/test_script_queued.py": 20.38,
+  "tests/integration/test_script_queued_idle_loop.py": 25.06,
+  "tests/integration/test_script_wait_on_boot.py": 15.67,
+  "tests/integration/test_select_stringref_trigger.py": 19.48,
+  "tests/integration/test_sensor_filters_delta.py": 27.62,
+  "tests/integration/test_sensor_filters_ring_buffer.py": 20.27,
+  "tests/integration/test_sensor_filters_sliding_window.py": 56.28,
+  "tests/integration/test_sensor_filters_value_list.py": 20.6,
+  "tests/integration/test_sensor_timeout_filter.py": 22.21,
+  "tests/integration/test_socket_wake_gate_tcp.py": 16.37,
+  "tests/integration/test_status_flags.py": 29.68,
+  "tests/integration/test_strftime_to.py": 17.42,
+  "tests/integration/test_syslog.py": 18.39,
+  "tests/integration/test_template_alarm_control_panel_many_sensors.py": 25.61,
+  "tests/integration/test_template_text_save.py": 19.16,
+  "tests/integration/test_text_command.py": 16.43,
+  "tests/integration/test_text_sensor_raw_state.py": 17.19,
+  "tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2410.py": 37.0,
+  "tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2412.py": 40.82,
+  "tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2420.py": 32.7,
+  "tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2450.py": 32.84,
+  "tests/integration/test_uart_mock_modbus.py": 548.87,
+  "tests/integration/test_udp.py": 16.67,
+  "tests/integration/test_use_address_runtime.py": 27.26,
+  "tests/integration/test_valve_control_action.py": 24.58,
+  "tests/integration/test_varint_five_byte_device_id.py": 22.5,
+  "tests/integration/test_wait_until_mid_loop_timing.py": 22.05,
+  "tests/integration/test_wait_until_on_boot.py": 10.37,
+  "tests/integration/test_wait_until_ordering.py": 18.23,
+  "tests/integration/test_wait_until_reentrant_restart.py": 19.35,
+  "tests/integration/test_wake_loop_forces_phase_b.py": 17.83,
+  "tests/integration/test_water_heater_template.py": 25.7
 }

tests/integration/test_lvgl_headless_render.py

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+"""Integration test that checks what LVGL actually draws, using a display with no screen.
+
+The rendered screen is compared against a hash rather than a checked in reference image, so the
+repository does not have to carry a binary file. If a change to the drawing code or to the bundled
+LVGL alters the output, this test fails and prints the hash it saw; update EXPECTED_SHA256 once the
+new image has been looked at and found to be correct.
+
+The picture is drawn and encoded entirely by code in this repository, so nothing installed on the
+machine running the test takes part in the result.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import hashlib
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from .artifact_utils import keep_artifact
+from .bmp_utils import capture_when_drawn
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+WIDTH = 300
+HEIGHT = 300
+
+# sha256 of the pixel data of a 300x300 screen showing "Hello World!" centred in white on a dark
+# blue background, drawn with the built in montserrat_14 font. To regenerate, run this test and
+# take the hash it reports.
+EXPECTED_SHA256 = "a995b002dd1d183c47514da15ab9a60a3e7d788c2e24386a02fddd48655092ed"
+# Bundled LVGL version (esphome/components/lvgl/__init__.py, LVGL_VERSION) the hash above was
+# generated against. A version bump can shift anti-aliasing enough to change the hash even though
+# nothing is actually wrong -- if this test fails, check that first before regenerating the hash.
+EXPECTED_LVGL_VERSION = "9.5.0"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_lvgl_headless_render(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """LVGL draws the expected screen on a 300x300 display with no screen behind it."""
+    snapshot_dir = tmp_path / "snapshots"
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ESPHOME_SNAPSHOT_DIR", str(snapshot_dir))
+
+    async with run_compiled(yaml_config), api_client_connected() as client:
+        _, services = await client.list_entities_services()
+        service = next(s for s in services if s.name == "take_screenshot")
+
+        async def take(name: str) -> None:
+            await client.execute_service(service, {"name": name})
+
+        # The background is not the whole picture: LVGL must have drawn on it. Waiting for that
+        # rather than for a fixed time keeps a slow first frame from being reported as a hash
+        # mismatch, which would look like a drawing regression.
+        image, capture = await capture_when_drawn(take, snapshot_dir, prefix="render")
+        assert (image.width, image.height, image.bits) == (WIDTH, HEIGHT, 24)
+
+        digest = hashlib.sha256(image.pixels).hexdigest()
+        if digest != EXPECTED_SHA256:
+            # Kept outside the temporary folder so CI can upload it; see artifact_utils.
+            kept = keep_artifact(
+                "lvgl_headless_render_actual.bmp", capture.read_bytes()
+            )
+
+            from esphome.components.lvgl import LVGL_VERSION
+
+            version_hint = ""
+            if LVGL_VERSION != EXPECTED_LVGL_VERSION:
+                version_hint = (
+                    f"the bundled LVGL version changed ({EXPECTED_LVGL_VERSION} -> "
+                    f"{LVGL_VERSION}), which is the likely cause\n"
+                )
+            pytest.fail(
+                f"rendered screen does not match the expected hash\n"
+                f"{version_hint}"
+                f"  expected: {EXPECTED_SHA256}\n"
+                f"  actual:   {digest}\n"
+                f"the image that was rendered has been kept at {kept}\n"
+                f"on CI it is in the integration-test-artifacts upload for this job"
+            )

tests/integration/test_sdl_headless_screenshot.py

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+"""Integration test for headless SDL rendering and snapshot capture.
+
+How a file is named and written is the same for every display that can take a snapshot and is
+covered by test_snapshot_display; what is tested here is that SDL renders and can be read back
+with no display server present.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from .bmp_utils import capture_when_drawn
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+WIDTH = 101
+HEIGHT = 64
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_sdl_headless_screenshot(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """A headless SDL display renders with no display server and can be captured."""
+    snapshot_dir = tmp_path / "snapshots"
+    # The device reads this when it writes a file; the subprocess inherits our environment, so it
+    # must be set before the binary is launched.
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ESPHOME_SNAPSHOT_DIR", str(snapshot_dir))
+    # Make sure the run really is headless even when the test machine has a display.
+    monkeypatch.delenv("DISPLAY", raising=False)
+    monkeypatch.delenv("WAYLAND_DISPLAY", raising=False)
+
+    async with run_compiled(yaml_config), api_client_connected() as client:
+        _, services = await client.list_entities_services()
+        service = next(s for s in services if s.name == "take_screenshot")
+
+        async def take(name: str) -> None:
+            await client.execute_service(service, {"name": name})
+
+        # The test card is drawn in several colours, so once it is on the screen the picture is
+        # not one flat shade. Capturing until that is true waits out the first update rather than
+        # racing it.
+        image, _ = await capture_when_drawn(take, snapshot_dir)
+        assert (image.width, image.height, image.bits) == (WIDTH, HEIGHT, 24)

tests/integration/test_snapshot_display.py

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+"""Integration test for the snapshot display and the file writing shared with other displays."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from aioesphomeapi import LogLevel
+import pytest
+
+from .bmp_utils import capture_when_drawn, wait_for_bmp
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+WIDTH = 101
+HEIGHT = 64
+
+# Part of the message the writer logs when it will not write over a file that is already there.
+REFUSAL_MESSAGE = b"not overwriting"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_snapshot_display(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """A display with no screen draws into memory and writes what it drew to a file."""
+    snapshot_dir = tmp_path / "snapshots"
+    # The device reads this when it writes a file; the subprocess inherits our environment, so it
+    # must be set before the binary is launched.
+    monkeypatch.setenv("ESPHOME_SNAPSHOT_DIR", str(snapshot_dir))
+
+    async with run_compiled(yaml_config), api_client_connected() as client:
+        _, services = await client.list_entities_services()
+        service = next(s for s in services if s.name == "take_snapshot")
+
+        async def take(name: str) -> None:
+            await client.execute_service(service, {"name": name})
+
+        # The test card is drawn in several colours, so once it is on the screen the picture is
+        # not one flat shade. Capturing until that is true waits out the first update rather than
+        # racing it.
+        image, capture = await capture_when_drawn(take, snapshot_dir)
+        assert (image.width, image.height, image.bits) == (WIDTH, HEIGHT, 24)
+
+        # An extension is only added when there is not one already, whatever its case.
+        await take("UPPER.BMP")
+        await wait_for_bmp(snapshot_dir / "UPPER.BMP")
+
+        # A name that tries to lead somewhere else is cut back to one harmless name in the
+        # snapshot directory.
+        await take("../escape")
+        await wait_for_bmp(snapshot_dir / ".._escape.bmp")
+
+        # A second capture under a name already used must fail rather than write over the first.
+        # Wait for the device to report the refusal: on its own, an unchanged file cannot tell a
+        # refusal apart from a request the device has not got to yet, so a regression that wrote
+        # over the file could still pass on a busy machine.
+        refused = asyncio.Event()
+
+        def on_log(msg) -> None:
+            if REFUSAL_MESSAGE in msg.message:
+                refused.set()
+
+        client.subscribe_logs(on_log, log_level=LogLevel.LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG)
+
+        before = capture.read_bytes()
+        await take(capture.name)
+        await asyncio.wait_for(refused.wait(), timeout=10.0)
+        assert capture.read_bytes() == before
+        # Nothing beyond what was asked for, leaving out however many captures it took to wait
+        # for the first frame.
+        written = sorted(
+            p.name for p in snapshot_dir.iterdir() if not p.name.startswith("drawn-")
+        )
+        assert written == [".._escape.bmp", "UPPER.BMP"]

tests/test_build_components/common/uart_1200_even_7bits/esp32-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Common UART configuration for ESP32 Arduino tests - 1200 baud, EVEN parity, 7 data bits
+
+substitutions:
+  tx_pin: GPIO17
+  rx_pin: GPIO16
+
+uart:
+  - id: uart_bus
+    tx_pin: ${tx_pin}
+    rx_pin: ${rx_pin}
+    baud_rate: 1200
+    parity: EVEN
+    data_bits: 7
+    stop_bits: 1

tests/test_build_components/common/uart_1200_even_7bits/esp32-c3-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Common UART configuration for ESP32-C3 Arduino tests - 1200 baud, EVEN parity, 7 data bits
+
+substitutions:
+  tx_pin: GPIO20
+  rx_pin: GPIO21
+
+uart:
+  - id: uart_bus
+    tx_pin: ${tx_pin}
+    rx_pin: ${rx_pin}
+    baud_rate: 1200
+    parity: EVEN
+    data_bits: 7
+    stop_bits: 1

tests/test_build_components/common/uart_1200_even_7bits/esp32-c3-idf.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Common UART configuration for ESP32-C3 IDF tests - 1200 baud, EVEN parity, 7 data bits
+
+substitutions:
+  tx_pin: GPIO20
+  rx_pin: GPIO21
+
+uart:
+  - id: uart_bus
+    tx_pin: ${tx_pin}
+    rx_pin: ${rx_pin}
+    baud_rate: 1200
+    parity: EVEN
+    data_bits: 7
+    stop_bits: 1

tests/test_build_components/common/uart_1200_even_7bits/esp32-idf.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Common UART configuration for ESP32 IDF tests - 1200 baud, EVEN parity, 7 data bits
+
+substitutions:
+  tx_pin: GPIO17
+  rx_pin: GPIO16
+
+uart:
+  - id: uart_bus
+    tx_pin: ${tx_pin}
+    rx_pin: ${rx_pin}
+    baud_rate: 1200
+    parity: EVEN
+    data_bits: 7
+    stop_bits: 1

tests/test_build_components/common/uart_1200_even_7bits/esp8266-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Common UART configuration for ESP8266 Arduino tests - 1200 baud, EVEN parity, 7 data bits
+
+substitutions:
+  tx_pin: GPIO4
+  rx_pin: GPIO5
+
+uart:
+  - id: uart_bus
+    tx_pin: ${tx_pin}
+    rx_pin: ${rx_pin}
+    baud_rate: 1200
+    parity: EVEN
+    data_bits: 7
+    stop_bits: 1

tests/test_build_components/common/uart_1200_even_7bits/rp2040-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Common UART configuration for RP2040 Arduino tests - 1200 baud, EVEN parity, 7 data bits
+
+substitutions:
+  tx_pin: GPIO0
+  rx_pin: GPIO1
+
+uart:
+  - id: uart_bus
+    tx_pin: ${tx_pin}
+    rx_pin: ${rx_pin}
+    baud_rate: 1200
+    parity: EVEN
+    data_bits: 7
+    stop_bits: 1

tests/test_build_components/common/uart_38400_even/esp32-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Common UART configuration for ESP32 Arduino tests - 38400 baud, EVEN parity
+
+substitutions:
+  tx_pin: GPIO17
+  rx_pin: GPIO16
+
+uart:
+  - id: uart_bus
+    tx_pin: ${tx_pin}
+    rx_pin: ${rx_pin}
+    baud_rate: 38400
+    parity: EVEN

tests/test_build_components/common/uart_38400_even/esp32-c3-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Common UART configuration for ESP32-C3 Arduino tests - 38400 baud, EVEN parity
+
+substitutions:
+  tx_pin: GPIO20
+  rx_pin: GPIO21
+
+uart:
+  - id: uart_bus
+    tx_pin: ${tx_pin}
+    rx_pin: ${rx_pin}
+    baud_rate: 38400
+    parity: EVEN

tests/test_build_components/common/uart_38400_even/esp32-c3-idf.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Common UART configuration for ESP32-C3 IDF tests - 38400 baud, EVEN parity
+
+substitutions:
+  tx_pin: GPIO20
+  rx_pin: GPIO21
+
+uart:
+  - id: uart_bus
+    tx_pin: ${tx_pin}
+    rx_pin: ${rx_pin}
+    baud_rate: 38400
+    parity: EVEN

tests/test_build_components/common/uart_38400_even/esp32-idf.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Common UART configuration for ESP32 IDF tests - 38400 baud, EVEN parity
+
+substitutions:
+  tx_pin: GPIO17
+  rx_pin: GPIO16
+
+uart:
+  - id: uart_bus
+    tx_pin: ${tx_pin}
+    rx_pin: ${rx_pin}
+    baud_rate: 38400
+    parity: EVEN

tests/test_build_components/common/uart_38400_even/esp8266-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Common UART configuration for ESP8266 Arduino tests - 38400 baud, EVEN parity
+
+substitutions:
+  tx_pin: GPIO4
+  rx_pin: GPIO5
+
+uart:
+  - id: uart_bus
+    tx_pin: ${tx_pin}
+    rx_pin: ${rx_pin}
+    baud_rate: 38400
+    parity: EVEN

tests/test_build_components/common/uart_38400_even/rp2040-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Common UART configuration for RP2040 Arduino tests - 38400 baud, EVEN parity
+
+substitutions:
+  tx_pin: GPIO0
+  rx_pin: GPIO1
+
+uart:
+  - id: uart_bus
+    tx_pin: ${tx_pin}
+    rx_pin: ${rx_pin}
+    baud_rate: 38400
+    parity: EVEN

tests/unit_tests/components/esp8266/test_boards.py

@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
 """Tests for the per-board linker-script rule."""
 
-import pytest
-
 from esphome.components.esp8266 import _choose_ld_script
 from esphome.components.esp8266.boards import BOARDS, board_ld_script
-import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.core import EsphomeError
 
 
 def test_d1_wroom_02_keeps_its_shipped_layout() -> None:
@@ -21,13 +17,6 @@ def test_default_boards_use_the_flash_size_layout() -> None:
 
 
 def test_choose_ld_script_paths() -> None:
-    """Old cores get the size default, overriding boards hard-error there
-    (a substituted layout would wipe flash-backed state), modern cores
-    honor the override."""
-    assert _choose_ld_script("nodemcuv2", cv.Version(2, 3, 0)) is None
-    assert _choose_ld_script("nodemcuv2", cv.Version(2, 4, 2)) == "eagle.flash.4m.ld"
-    assert _choose_ld_script("d1_wroom_02", cv.Version(2, 7, 4)) == (
-        "eagle.flash.2m64.ld"
-    )
-    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="cannot honor"):
-        _choose_ld_script("d1_wroom_02", cv.Version(2, 4, 2))
+    """Default boards get the size layout, overriding boards keep theirs."""
+    assert _choose_ld_script("nodemcuv2") == "eagle.flash.4m.ld"
+    assert _choose_ld_script("d1_wroom_02") == "eagle.flash.2m64.ld"

tests/unit_tests/components/esp8266/test_framework_version.py

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+"""Tests for the Arduino framework version floor."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.components.esp8266 import _arduino_check_versions
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_PLATFORM_VERSION, CONF_VERSION
+
+
+def test_versions_before_3_are_rejected() -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="no longer supported") as excinfo:
+        _arduino_check_versions({CONF_VERSION: "2.7.4"})
+    assert excinfo.value.path == [CONF_VERSION]
+
+
+def test_supported_versions_pass() -> None:
+    value = _arduino_check_versions({CONF_VERSION: "3.0.2"})
+    assert value[CONF_VERSION] == "3.0.2"
+    assert "espressif8266@3.2.0" in value[CONF_PLATFORM_VERSION]
+
+    value = _arduino_check_versions({CONF_VERSION: "recommended"})
+    assert value[CONF_VERSION] == "3.1.2"
+    assert "espressif8266@4.2.1" in value[CONF_PLATFORM_VERSION]

tests/unit_tests/components/esp8266/test_toolchain_validation.py

@@ -63,8 +63,10 @@ def test_valid_config_passes() -> None:
 
 
 def test_platformio_toolchain_skips_checks() -> None:
+    # 3.0.2 is pio-legal (>= the global 3.0.0 floor) but below the native
+    # toolchain's own 3.1.1 floor; the bogus board only the native path checks
     CORE.toolchain = Toolchain.PLATFORMIO
-    config = _config(board="not_a_board", version="2.7.4")
+    config = _config(board="not_a_board", version="3.0.2")
     assert _validate_native_toolchain(config) is config
 
 

tests/unit_tests/test_arduino8266_framework.py

@@ -21,17 +21,12 @@ def _build_path(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 def test_framework_package_version() -> None:
     assert framework.framework_package_version(cv.Version(3, 1, 2)) == "3.30102.0"
     assert framework.framework_package_version(cv.Version(3, 2, 0)) == "3.30200.0"
-    # 2.6.3+ cores use the same package-major-3 encoding (PlatformIO path)
-    assert framework.framework_package_version(cv.Version(2, 7, 4)) == "3.20704.0"
     # A future major bump needs its own encoding, not a doomed registry lookup
     with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="not supported yet"):
         framework.framework_package_version(cv.Version(4, 0, 0))
-    # The boundary matches the PlatformIO era guard; a 2.6.2 pre-release
-    # keeps this encoding
-    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="older package encoding"):
-        framework.framework_package_version(cv.Version(2, 6, 2))
-    assert framework.framework_package_version(cv.Version(2, 6, 2, "b1")) == "3.20602.0"
-    assert framework.framework_package_version(cv.Version(2, 6, 3)) == "3.20603.0"
+    # Cores before 3.x cannot build ESPHome (C++20) and are rejected
+    with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="requires core 3"):
+        framework.framework_package_version(cv.Version(2, 7, 4))
 
 
 def test_format_framework_arduino_version_pins_all_series() -> None:
@@ -39,10 +34,10 @@ def test_format_framework_arduino_version_pins_all_series() -> None:
     era, including the 4.x rejection it now shares with the installer."""
     from esphome.components.esp8266 import _format_framework_arduino_version as fmt
 
-    assert fmt(cv.Version(2, 4, 1)) == "~1.20401.0"
-    assert fmt(cv.Version(2, 6, 2)) == "~2.20602.0"
-    assert fmt(cv.Version(2, 7, 4)) == "~3.20704.0"
     assert fmt(cv.Version(3, 1, 2)) == "~3.30102.0"
+    # Pre-3 cores are rejected with the version line anchored
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="requires core 3"):
+        fmt(cv.Version(2, 7, 4))
     # Anchored to the framework version line, not a bare EsphomeError
     with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="not supported yet") as excinfo:
         fmt(cv.Version(4, 0, 0))