From 9355bdc3c5472560566763ec7ed5949b43c8fdf0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Patrick Date: Sun, 11 Oct 2026 21:12:28 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] [canbus] Bus error logging, Auto-recover bus-off on ESP32 (#10953) Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston --- esphome/components/canbus/__init__.py | 17 ++++- esphome/components/canbus/canbus.cpp | 58 +++++++++++++++ esphome/components/canbus/canbus.h | 44 ++++++++++++ esphome/components/esp32_can/canbus.py | 2 +- esphome/components/esp32_can/esp32_can.cpp | 82 ++++++++++++++++++++++ esphome/components/esp32_can/esp32_can.h | 5 ++ esphome/components/mcp2515/canbus.py | 2 +- esphome/components/mcp2515/mcp2515.cpp | 53 +++++++++++--- esphome/components/mcp2515/mcp2515.h | 5 ++ tests/components/esp32_can/common.yaml | 9 +++ tests/components/mcp2515/common.yaml | 11 +++ 11 files changed, 273 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-) diff --git a/esphome/components/canbus/__init__.py b/esphome/components/canbus/__init__.py index 23dc41d509..56733870dc 100644 --- a/esphome/components/canbus/__init__.py +++ b/esphome/components/canbus/__init__.py @@ -1,14 +1,17 @@ +import logging import re from typing import Any from esphome import automation import esphome.codegen as cg import esphome.config_validation as cv -from esphome.const import CONF_DATA, CONF_ID, CONF_TRIGGER_ID +from esphome.const import CONF_DATA, CONF_ID, CONF_PLATFORM, CONF_TRIGGER_ID from esphome.core import CORE, ID from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType from esphome.types import ConfigType +_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__) + CODEOWNERS = ["@mvturnho", "@danielschramm"] DOMAIN = "canbus" IS_PLATFORM_COMPONENT = True @@ -150,9 +153,19 @@ async def setup_canbus_core_(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None: ) -async def register_canbus(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None: +async def register_canbus( + var: MockObj, config: ConfigType, *, reports_status: bool | None = None +) -> None: if not CORE.has_id(config[CONF_ID]): var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], var) + if reports_status is None: + _LOGGER.warning( + "CAN bus platform '%s' does not report bus state, so bus-off recovery and " + "error-state logging are disabled. Platform authors should either override " + "get_status() and get_events() and call register_canbus(..., reports_status=True) " + "or pass reports_status=False if the hardware cannot report it", + config[CONF_PLATFORM], + ) await setup_canbus_core_(var, config) diff --git a/esphome/components/canbus/canbus.cpp b/esphome/components/canbus/canbus.cpp index 88eed2246f..dfe3ab9fd3 100644 --- a/esphome/components/canbus/canbus.cpp +++ b/esphome/components/canbus/canbus.cpp @@ -1,5 +1,6 @@ #include "canbus.h" #include +#include "esphome/core/application.h" #include "esphome/core/log.h" namespace esphome::canbus { @@ -65,6 +66,12 @@ void Canbus::add_trigger(CanbusTrigger *trigger) { }; void Canbus::loop() { + uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time(); + if ((now - this->last_event_check_time_) >= EVENT_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS) { + this->log_events_(this->get_events(), now); + this->last_event_check_time_ = now; + } + struct CanFrame can_message; uint32_t message_counter = 0; for (; message_counter < this->max_frames_per_loop_; message_counter++) { @@ -109,4 +116,55 @@ void Canbus::loop() { } } +void Canbus::log_events_(CanEventFlags events, uint32_t now) { + // Bus-off gets its own handling because automatic recovery can make it flap + if (events & CanEventFlags::CAN_EVENT_BUS_OFF) { + this->last_bus_off_time_ = now; + if (!this->bus_off_) { + this->bus_off_ = true; + this->status_set_warning(LOG_STR("Bus off")); + } + } else if (this->bus_off_) { + if ((now - this->last_bus_off_time_) >= EVENT_LOG_BUS_OFF_HOLDOFF_MS) { + // No bus-off event for the hold-off time, so ask whether it is really over + if (this->get_status().bus_off) { + this->last_bus_off_time_ = now; + } else { + this->bus_off_ = false; + this->status_clear_warning(); + // Events gathered while bus-off say nothing about the recovered bus + this->events_to_log_ = 0; + } + } + } else { + this->events_to_log_ |= events; + if (this->events_to_log_ != 0 && (now - this->last_event_log_time_) >= EVENT_LOG_THROTTLE_MS) { + if (this->events_to_log_ & (CanEventFlags::CAN_EVENT_PASSIVE | CanEventFlags::CAN_EVENT_ACTIVE)) { + bool error_passive = this->events_to_log_ & CanEventFlags::CAN_EVENT_PASSIVE; + if (error_passive && (this->events_to_log_ & CanEventFlags::CAN_EVENT_ACTIVE)) { + // Both edges within one throttle window, so the counters decide the current state + auto status = this->get_status(); + error_passive = status.rx_error_counter >= CAN_ERROR_PASSIVE_THRESHOLD || + status.tx_error_counter >= CAN_ERROR_PASSIVE_THRESHOLD; + } + ESP_LOGW(TAG, "entered %s", error_passive ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("error-passive") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("error-active")); + } + if (this->events_to_log_ & CanEventFlags::CAN_EVENT_RX_QUEUE_FULL) { + ESP_LOGD(TAG, "receive buffer overrun"); + } + this->events_to_log_ = 0; + this->last_event_log_time_ = now; + } + } + +#ifdef ESPHOME_LOG_HAS_VERBOSE + if ((now - this->last_state_log_time_) >= STATE_LOG_INTERVAL_MS) { + auto status = this->get_status(); + ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Status: bus_off %d, tx_err %d, rx_err %d", status.bus_off, status.tx_error_counter, + status.rx_error_counter); + this->last_state_log_time_ = now; + } +#endif +} + } // namespace esphome::canbus diff --git a/esphome/components/canbus/canbus.h b/esphome/components/canbus/canbus.h index 432eb77e13..077ac9d4cd 100644 --- a/esphome/components/canbus/canbus.h +++ b/esphome/components/canbus/canbus.h @@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ template class CanbusSendAction; /* CAN payload length definitions according to ISO 11898-1 */ static const uint8_t CAN_MAX_DATA_LENGTH = 8; +static const uint8_t CAN_ERROR_PASSIVE_THRESHOLD = 128; + /* Can Frame describes a normative CAN Frame The RTR = Remote Transmission Request is implemented in every CAN controller but rarely used @@ -61,6 +63,26 @@ struct CanFrame { uint8_t data[CAN_MAX_DATA_LENGTH] __attribute__((aligned(8))); }; +enum CanEventFlags : uint8_t { + CAN_EVENT_PASSIVE = 1 << 0, + CAN_EVENT_ACTIVE = 1 << 1, + CAN_EVENT_BUS_OFF = 1 << 2, + CAN_EVENT_RX_QUEUE_FULL = 1 << 3, +}; + +static constexpr uint32_t CAN_STATUS_UNSET = UINT32_MAX; + +struct CanStatus { + bool bus_off{false}; + uint8_t rx_error_counter{0}; + uint8_t tx_error_counter{0}; + uint32_t tx_failed_count{CAN_STATUS_UNSET}; + uint32_t rx_missed_count{CAN_STATUS_UNSET}; + uint32_t rx_overrun_count{CAN_STATUS_UNSET}; + uint32_t arb_lost_count{CAN_STATUS_UNSET}; + uint32_t bus_error_count{CAN_STATUS_UNSET}; +}; + class Canbus : public Component { public: Canbus(){}; @@ -83,6 +105,7 @@ class Canbus : public Component { void set_use_extended_id(bool use_extended_id) { this->use_extended_id_ = use_extended_id; } void set_bitrate(CanSpeed bit_rate) { this->bit_rate_ = bit_rate; } void set_max_frames_per_loop(uint32_t max_frames_per_loop) { this->max_frames_per_loop_ = max_frames_per_loop; } + virtual CanStatus get_status() { return {}; } void add_trigger(CanbusTrigger *trigger); /** @@ -104,12 +127,33 @@ class Canbus : public Component { uint32_t max_frames_per_loop_{50}; // Keep in sync with DEFAULT_MAX_FRAMES_PER_LOOP in __init__.py CanSpeed bit_rate_{CAN_125KBPS}; // Keep in sync with DEFAULT_BIT_RATE in __init__.py bool use_extended_id_{false}; + uint8_t events_to_log_{0}; + bool bus_off_{false}; CallbackManager &data)> callback_manager_{}; + // interval in which to check for new can bus events (bus-off, passive, active) + static constexpr uint32_t EVENT_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS = 100; + uint32_t last_event_check_time_{0}; + + // time to wait after logging an event before logging the next event(s) + static constexpr uint32_t EVENT_LOG_THROTTLE_MS = 1000; + uint32_t last_event_log_time_{0}; + + // time span without bus-off events before the bus is declared recovered + static constexpr uint32_t EVENT_LOG_BUS_OFF_HOLDOFF_MS = 1000; + uint32_t last_bus_off_time_{0}; + +#ifdef ESPHOME_LOG_HAS_VERBOSE + static constexpr uint32_t STATE_LOG_INTERVAL_MS = 1000; + uint32_t last_state_log_time_{0}; +#endif + + void log_events_(CanEventFlags events, uint32_t now); virtual bool setup_internal() = 0; virtual Error send_message(struct CanFrame *frame) = 0; virtual Error read_message(struct CanFrame *frame) = 0; + virtual CanEventFlags get_events() { return CanEventFlags{}; } }; template class CanbusSendAction final : public Action, public Parented { diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_can/canbus.py b/esphome/components/esp32_can/canbus.py index 2272459fb8..2713bae241 100644 --- a/esphome/components/esp32_can/canbus.py +++ b/esphome/components/esp32_can/canbus.py @@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None: # Also enable esp_driver_twai for future migration to new API include_builtin_idf_component("esp_driver_twai") var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID]) - await canbus.register_canbus(var, config) + await canbus.register_canbus(var, config, reports_status=True) cg.add(var.set_rx(config[CONF_RX_PIN])) cg.add(var.set_tx(config[CONF_TX_PIN])) diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_can/esp32_can.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_can/esp32_can.cpp index 083c97f8cf..b98ba853e7 100644 --- a/esphome/components/esp32_can/esp32_can.cpp +++ b/esphome/components/esp32_can/esp32_can.cpp @@ -84,6 +84,8 @@ bool ESP32Can::setup_internal() { twai_general_config_t g_config = TWAI_GENERAL_CONFIG_DEFAULT((gpio_num_t) this->tx_, (gpio_num_t) this->rx_, twai_mode); g_config.controller_id = next_twai_ctrl_num++; + g_config.alerts_enabled = TWAI_ALERT_ERR_PASS | TWAI_ALERT_ERR_ACTIVE | TWAI_ALERT_BUS_OFF | + TWAI_ALERT_BUS_RECOVERED | TWAI_ALERT_RX_QUEUE_FULL; if (this->tx_queue_len_.has_value()) { g_config.tx_queue_len = this->tx_queue_len_.value(); } @@ -116,6 +118,86 @@ bool ESP32Can::setup_internal() { return true; } +canbus::CanEventFlags ESP32Can::get_events() { + if (this->twai_handle_ == nullptr) { + return {}; // not set up yet, or setup failed + } + + uint32_t alerts; + esp_err_t err = twai_read_alerts_v2(this->twai_handle_, &alerts, 0); + if (err != ESP_OK) { + if (err != ESP_ERR_TIMEOUT) { + ESP_LOGD(TAG, "failed to get CAN events"); + } + alerts = 0; + } + + uint8_t events = 0; + if (alerts & TWAI_ALERT_ERR_PASS) { + events |= canbus::CAN_EVENT_PASSIVE; + } + if (alerts & TWAI_ALERT_ERR_ACTIVE) { + events |= canbus::CAN_EVENT_ACTIVE; + } + if (alerts & TWAI_ALERT_BUS_OFF) { + events |= canbus::CAN_EVENT_BUS_OFF; + // Start recovery at once, as the MCP2515 does in hardware + this->recovery_pending_ = true; + } + if (alerts & TWAI_ALERT_BUS_RECOVERED) { + // Recovery leaves the controller stopped + this->restart_pending_ = true; + } + if (this->recovery_pending_ || this->restart_pending_) { + this->handle_bus_off_recovery_(); + } + if (alerts & TWAI_ALERT_RX_QUEUE_FULL) { + events |= canbus::CAN_EVENT_RX_QUEUE_FULL; + } + return static_cast(events); +} + +void ESP32Can::handle_bus_off_recovery_() { + // These only fail with an invalid handle or outside the expected state; retry on the next pass + if (this->recovery_pending_) { + if (twai_initiate_recovery_v2(this->twai_handle_) != ESP_OK) { + this->status_set_error(LOG_STR("Recovery after bus off failed")); + return; + } + this->recovery_pending_ = false; + } + if (this->restart_pending_) { + if (twai_start_v2(this->twai_handle_) != ESP_OK) { + this->status_set_error(LOG_STR("Restart after bus off failed")); + return; + } + this->restart_pending_ = false; + } + this->status_clear_error(); +} + +canbus::CanStatus ESP32Can::get_status() { + canbus::CanStatus status = {}; + + twai_status_info_t twai_status; + + if (this->twai_handle_ != nullptr && twai_get_status_info_v2(this->twai_handle_, &twai_status) == ESP_OK) { + status.bus_off = (twai_status.state == TWAI_STATE_BUS_OFF) || (twai_status.state == TWAI_STATE_RECOVERING); + status.rx_error_counter = twai_status.rx_error_counter; + status.tx_error_counter = twai_status.tx_error_counter; + + status.tx_failed_count = twai_status.tx_failed_count; + status.rx_missed_count = twai_status.rx_missed_count; + status.rx_overrun_count = twai_status.rx_overrun_count; + status.arb_lost_count = twai_status.arb_lost_count; + status.bus_error_count = twai_status.bus_error_count; + } else { + ESP_LOGD(TAG, "failed to get CAN status"); + } + + return status; +} + canbus::Error ESP32Can::send_message(struct canbus::CanFrame *frame) { // In listen-only mode, we cannot transmit if (this->mode_ == CAN_MODE_LISTEN_ONLY) { diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_can/esp32_can.h b/esphome/components/esp32_can/esp32_can.h index f224e10be3..f9549bea34 100644 --- a/esphome/components/esp32_can/esp32_can.h +++ b/esphome/components/esp32_can/esp32_can.h @@ -24,16 +24,21 @@ class ESP32Can final : public canbus::Canbus { void set_tx_enqueue_timeout_ms(uint32_t tx_enqueue_timeout_ms) { this->tx_enqueue_timeout_ticks_ = pdMS_TO_TICKS(tx_enqueue_timeout_ms); } + canbus::CanStatus get_status() override; ESP32Can(){}; protected: bool setup_internal() override; + canbus::CanEventFlags get_events() override; canbus::Error send_message(struct canbus::CanFrame *frame) override; canbus::Error read_message(struct canbus::CanFrame *frame) override; + void handle_bus_off_recovery_(); int rx_{-1}; int tx_{-1}; CanMode mode_{CAN_MODE_NORMAL}; + bool recovery_pending_{false}; + bool restart_pending_{false}; TickType_t tx_enqueue_timeout_ticks_{}; optional tx_queue_len_{}; optional rx_queue_len_{}; diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp2515/canbus.py b/esphome/components/mcp2515/canbus.py index 8bb8918f96..eab9be0f70 100644 --- a/esphome/components/mcp2515/canbus.py +++ b/esphome/components/mcp2515/canbus.py @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = canbus.CANBUS_SCHEMA.extend( async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None: rhs = mcp2515.new() var = cg.Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], rhs) - await canbus.register_canbus(var, config) + await canbus.register_canbus(var, config, reports_status=True) if CONF_CLOCK in config: canclock = CAN_CLOCK[config[CONF_CLOCK]] cg.add(var.set_mcp_clock(canclock)) diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp2515/mcp2515.cpp b/esphome/components/mcp2515/mcp2515.cpp index 8a1973d022..599a864e54 100644 --- a/esphome/components/mcp2515/mcp2515.cpp +++ b/esphome/components/mcp2515/mcp2515.cpp @@ -43,6 +43,48 @@ bool MCP2515::setup_internal() { return true; } +canbus::CanEventFlags MCP2515::get_events() { + uint8_t events = 0; + uint8_t error_flags = this->get_error_flags_(); + + // Error-passive is one state for RX and TX together, so only a change of the combined flag is an event + bool was_passive = this->last_error_flags_ & (EFLG_RXEP | EFLG_TXEP); + bool is_passive = error_flags & (EFLG_RXEP | EFLG_TXEP); + if (was_passive != is_passive) { + events |= is_passive ? canbus::CAN_EVENT_PASSIVE : canbus::CAN_EVENT_ACTIVE; + } + if ((this->last_error_flags_ ^ error_flags) & EFLG_TXBO) { + events |= canbus::CAN_EVENT_BUS_OFF; + } + + // The receive flowchart in the datasheet says that if rollover is set (BUKT), RX1OVR flag will be set + // once both buffers are full. However, the RX0OVR flag is actually set instead. + // We can just check for both though because it doesn't break anything. + if (error_flags & (EFLG_RX0OVR | EFLG_RX1OVR)) { + events |= canbus::CAN_EVENT_RX_QUEUE_FULL; + this->clear_rx_n_ovr_flags_(); + } + + this->last_error_flags_ = error_flags; + return static_cast(events); +} + +canbus::CanStatus MCP2515::get_status() { + canbus::CanStatus status = {}; + + uint8_t error_flags = this->get_error_flags_(); + status.bus_off = error_flags & EFLG_TXBO; + + // Transmit Error Counter is followed by Receive Error Counter so we're reading both at once + uint8_t err_counters[2]; + this->read_registers_(MCP_TEC, err_counters, 2); + + status.rx_error_counter = err_counters[1]; + status.tx_error_counter = err_counters[0]; + + return status; +} + canbus::Error MCP2515::reset_() { this->enable(); this->transfer_byte(INSTRUCTION_RESET); @@ -331,17 +373,6 @@ canbus::Error MCP2515::read_message(struct canbus::CanFrame *frame) { rc = canbus::ERROR_NOMSG; } -#ifdef ESPHOME_LOG_HAS_DEBUG - uint8_t err = get_error_flags_(); - // The receive flowchart in the datasheet says that if rollover is set (BUKT), RX1OVR flag will be set - // once both buffers are full. However, the RX0OVR flag is actually set instead. - // We can just check for both though because it doesn't break anything. - if (err & (EFLG_RX0OVR | EFLG_RX1OVR)) { - ESP_LOGD(TAG, "receive buffer overrun"); - clear_rx_n_ovr_flags_(); - } -#endif - return rc; } diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp2515/mcp2515.h b/esphome/components/mcp2515/mcp2515.h index 960e150800..8d2fe4d51b 100644 --- a/esphome/components/mcp2515/mcp2515.h +++ b/esphome/components/mcp2515/mcp2515.h @@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ class MCP2515 final : public canbus::Canbus, MCP2515(){}; void set_mcp_clock(CanClock clock) { this->mcp_clock_ = clock; }; void set_mcp_mode(const CanctrlReqopMode mode) { this->mcp_mode_ = mode; } + canbus::CanStatus get_status() override; static const struct TxBnRegs { REGISTER CTRL; REGISTER SIDH; @@ -74,7 +75,11 @@ class MCP2515 final : public canbus::Canbus, protected: CanClock mcp_clock_{MCP_8MHZ}; CanctrlReqopMode mcp_mode_ = CANCTRL_REQOP_NORMAL; + + uint8_t last_error_flags_{0}; + bool setup_internal() override; + canbus::CanEventFlags get_events() override; canbus::Error set_mode_(CanctrlReqopMode mode); uint8_t read_register_(REGISTER reg); diff --git a/tests/components/esp32_can/common.yaml b/tests/components/esp32_can/common.yaml index f15b609d84..a26c5d35a3 100644 --- a/tests/components/esp32_can/common.yaml +++ b/tests/components/esp32_can/common.yaml @@ -44,3 +44,12 @@ canbus: break; // to be continued... } + +interval: + - interval: 1s + then: + - lambda: |- + auto status = id(esp32_can_esp32_internal_can).get_status(); + ESP_LOGD("canbus_status", "bus_off: %d, tx_err: %d, rx_err: %d, bus_err: %" PRIu32 ", arb_lost: %" PRIu32, + status.bus_off, status.tx_error_counter, status.rx_error_counter, + status.bus_error_count, status.arb_lost_count); diff --git a/tests/components/mcp2515/common.yaml b/tests/components/mcp2515/common.yaml index 2e88f3e5c6..a35839d9f2 100644 --- a/tests/components/mcp2515/common.yaml +++ b/tests/components/mcp2515/common.yaml @@ -42,6 +42,17 @@ canbus: // to be continued... } +interval: + - interval: 1s + then: + - lambda: |- + auto status = id(mcp2515_can).get_status(); + ESP_LOGD("canbus_status", "bus_off: %d, tx_err: %d, rx_err: %d", + status.bus_off, + status.tx_error_counter, + status.rx_error_counter + ); + button: - platform: template name: MCP2515 Send