diff --git a/esphome/components/api/__init__.py b/esphome/components/api/__init__.py
index 40f520a0575..25ebc934586 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/api/__init__.py
@@ -601,7 +601,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
 
     if (encryption_config := config.get(CONF_ENCRYPTION, None)) is not None:
         if key := encryption_config.get(CONF_KEY):
-            cg.add(var.set_noise_psk(new_psk_progmem(config[CONF_ID], key)))
+            cg.add(var.set_noise_psk(new_psk_progmem(key)))
             cg.add_define("USE_API_NOISE_PSK_FROM_YAML")
         else:
             # No key provided, but encryption desired
diff --git a/esphome/components/es8311/es8311.cpp b/esphome/components/es8311/es8311.cpp
index 0386d84200f..9a4da3744a1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/es8311/es8311.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/es8311/es8311.cpp
@@ -92,6 +92,21 @@ uint8_t ES8311::calculate_resolution_value(ES8311Resolution resolution) {
   }
 }
 
+/// Encodes the MCLK pre-multiplier for REG02 bits 3-4. The coefficient table stores the multiplier as the factor
+/// itself (1, 2, 4 or 8), while the register takes 0, 1, 2 or 3 (ES8311 datasheet, register 0x02 MULT_PRE).
+static uint8_t encode_pre_mult(uint8_t pre_mult) {
+  switch (pre_mult) {
+    case 2:
+      return 1;
+    case 4:
+      return 2;
+    case 8:
+      return 3;
+    default:
+      return 0;
+  }
+}
+
 const ES8311Coefficient *ES8311::get_coefficient(uint32_t mclk, uint32_t rate) {
   for (const auto &coefficient : ES8311_COEFFICIENTS) {
     if (coefficient.mclk == mclk && coefficient.rate == rate)
@@ -127,7 +142,7 @@ bool ES8311::configure_clock_() {
   ES8311_ERROR_CHECK(this->read_byte(ES8311_REG02_CLK_MANAGER, &reg02));
   reg02 &= 0x07;
   reg02 |= (coefficient->pre_div - 1) << 5;
-  reg02 |= coefficient->pre_mult << 3;
+  reg02 |= encode_pre_mult(coefficient->pre_mult) << 3;
   ES8311_ERROR_CHECK(this->write_byte(ES8311_REG02_CLK_MANAGER, reg02));
 
   // Register 0x03
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h
index fd4fb15ff69..950ae6e0bc1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h
@@ -235,14 +235,14 @@ class ESP32BLE final : public Component {
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_ADVERTISING
   BLEAdvertising *advertising_{};  // 4 bytes (pointer)
 #endif
-  const char *name_{nullptr};                 // 4 bytes (pointer to string literal in flash)
-  esp_ble_io_cap_t io_cap_{ESP_IO_CAP_NONE};  // 4 bytes (enum)
-  uint32_t advertising_cycle_time_{};         // 4 bytes
+  const char *name_{nullptr};          // 4 bytes (pointer to string literal in flash)
+  uint32_t advertising_cycle_time_{};  // 4 bytes
 
   // 2-byte aligned members
   uint16_t appearance_{0};  // 2 bytes
 
   // 1-byte aligned members (grouped together to minimize padding)
+  esp_ble_io_cap_t io_cap_{ESP_IO_CAP_NONE};          // 1 byte (uint8_t typedef)
   BLEComponentState state_{BLE_COMPONENT_STATE_OFF};  // 1 byte (uint8_t enum)
   bool enable_on_boot_{};                             // 1 byte
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_ADVERTISING
diff --git a/esphome/components/esphome/ota/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esphome/ota/__init__.py
index 6ecae24e299..ffd7c509497 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esphome/ota/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esphome/ota/__init__.py
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         # Build time key: the ota keeps its own pointer so safe mode, which
         # has no api server, still has it
         cg.add_define("USE_OTA_ENCRYPTION")
-        cg.add(var.set_noise_psk(new_psk_progmem(config[CONF_ID], key)))
+        cg.add(var.set_noise_psk(new_psk_progmem(key)))
     elif CONF_ENCRYPTION in api_conf:
         # Runtime key: found in the api server, or in preferences in safe mode
         cg.add_define("USE_OTA_ENCRYPTION")
diff --git a/esphome/components/homeassistant/number/__init__.py b/esphome/components/homeassistant/number/__init__.py
index ab1389e13a3..9658d3dc84e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/homeassistant/number/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/homeassistant/number/__init__.py
@@ -7,19 +7,23 @@ from .. import (
     HOME_ASSISTANT_IMPORT_CONTROL_SCHEMA,
     homeassistant_ns,
     setup_home_assistant_entity,
+    validate_entity_domain,
 )
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@landonr"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["api"]
 
+SUPPORTED_DOMAINS = ["input_number", "number"]
+
 HomeassistantNumber = homeassistant_ns.class_(
     "HomeassistantNumber", number.Number, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     number.number_schema(HomeassistantNumber)
     .extend(HOME_ASSISTANT_IMPORT_CONTROL_SCHEMA)
-    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
+    validate_entity_domain("number", SUPPORTED_DOMAINS),
 )
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/homeassistant/number/homeassistant_number.cpp b/esphome/components/homeassistant/number/homeassistant_number.cpp
index 965f91d202b..553c2466f84 100644
--- a/esphome/components/homeassistant/number/homeassistant_number.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/homeassistant/number/homeassistant_number.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #include "homeassistant_number.h"
 
+#include <cstring>
+
 #include "esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h"
 #include "esphome/components/api/api_server.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
@@ -80,12 +82,19 @@ void HomeassistantNumber::control(float value) {
 
   this->publish_state(value);
 
-  static constexpr auto SERVICE_NAME = StringRef::from_lit("number.set_value");
+  static constexpr auto NUMBER_SERVICE_NAME = StringRef::from_lit("number.set_value");
+  static constexpr auto INPUT_NUMBER_SERVICE_NAME = StringRef::from_lit("input_number.set_value");
+  static constexpr char INPUT_PREFIX[] = "input_";
   static constexpr auto ENTITY_ID_KEY = StringRef::from_lit("entity_id");
   static constexpr auto VALUE_KEY = StringRef::from_lit("value");
 
   api::HomeassistantActionRequest resp;
-  resp.service = SERVICE_NAME;
+  // input_number entities have their own set_value action
+  if (strncmp(this->entity_id_, INPUT_PREFIX, sizeof(INPUT_PREFIX) - 1) == 0) {
+    resp.service = INPUT_NUMBER_SERVICE_NAME;
+  } else {
+    resp.service = NUMBER_SERVICE_NAME;
+  }
 
   resp.data.init(2);
   auto &entity_id = resp.data.emplace_back();
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request.cpp b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request.cpp
index d45208ed5df..37e0de5d6a0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request.cpp
@@ -25,11 +25,10 @@ std::string HttpContainer::get_response_header(const std::string &header_name) {
   auto lower = str_lower_case(header_name);  // NOLINT
   for (const auto &entry : this->response_headers_) {
     if (entry.name == lower) {
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Header with name %s found with value %s", lower.c_str(), entry.value.c_str());
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Header with name %s found with value %s", lower.c_str(), entry.value.c_str());
       return entry.value;
     }
   }
-  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "No header with name %s found", lower.c_str());
   return "";
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request.h b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request.h
index 71668b8556f..68696118ea8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request.h
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request.h
@@ -268,6 +268,11 @@ class HttpContainer : public Parented<HttpRequestComponent> {
     return !this->is_chunked_ && this->bytes_read_ >= this->content_length;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * @brief Get the value of a response header by name.
+   * @param header_name The name of the header to retrieve.
+   * @return The value of the header if found, otherwise an empty string.
+   */
   std::string get_response_header(const std::string &header_name);
 
  protected:
diff --git a/esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/i2s_audio_microphone.h b/esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/i2s_audio_microphone.h
index 37895ac4e79..1b17380ed87 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/i2s_audio_microphone.h
+++ b/esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/i2s_audio_microphone.h
@@ -60,11 +60,11 @@ class I2SAudioMicrophone final : public I2SAudioIn, public microphone::Microphon
 
   gpio_num_t din_pin_{I2S_GPIO_UNUSED};
   i2s_chan_handle_t rx_handle_;
-  bool pdm_{false};
 #if SOC_I2S_SUPPORTS_PDM_RX
   i2s_pdm_dsr_t pdm_dsr_{I2S_PDM_DSR_8S};
 #endif
 
+  bool pdm_{false};
   bool correct_dc_offset_;
   bool locked_driver_{false};
   int32_t dc_offset_prev_input_{0};
diff --git a/esphome/components/improv_ble/improv_ble_component.h b/esphome/components/improv_ble/improv_ble_component.h
index 2552bed69b5..126663ed000 100644
--- a/esphome/components/improv_ble/improv_ble_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/improv_ble/improv_ble_component.h
@@ -72,9 +72,6 @@ class ImprovBLEComponent final : public Component, public improv_base::ImprovBas
   improv::Error get_improv_error_state() const { return this->error_state_; }
 
  protected:
-  bool should_start_{false};
-  bool setup_complete_{false};
-
   uint32_t identify_start_{0};
   uint32_t identify_duration_;
   uint32_t authorized_start_{0};
@@ -84,6 +81,14 @@ class ImprovBLEComponent final : public Component, public improv_base::ImprovBas
 
   std::vector<uint8_t> incoming_data_;
   wifi::WiFiAP connecting_sta_;
+  // Single byte fields here fill the alignment gap between connecting_sta_ and the next pointer
+  improv::State state_{improv::STATE_STOPPED};
+  improv::Error error_state_{improv::ERROR_NONE};
+  bool should_start_{false};
+  bool setup_complete_{false};
+  bool status_indicator_state_{false};
+  bool advertising_device_name_{false};
+  bool advertising_requested_{false};
 
   BLEService *service_{nullptr};
   BLECharacteristic *status_{nullptr};
@@ -99,16 +104,11 @@ class ImprovBLEComponent final : public Component, public improv_base::ImprovBas
   output::BinaryOutput *status_indicator_{nullptr};
 #endif
 
-  improv::State state_{improv::STATE_STOPPED};
-  improv::Error error_state_{improv::ERROR_NONE};
 #ifdef USE_IMPROV_BLE_STATE_CALLBACK
   CallbackManager<void(improv::State, improv::Error)> state_callback_{};
 #endif
 
-  bool status_indicator_state_{false};
   uint32_t last_name_adv_time_{0};
-  bool advertising_device_name_{false};
-  bool advertising_requested_{false};
   void set_status_indicator_state_(bool state);
   void update_advertising_type_();
   void request_advertising_();
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h
index c4f06ad2248..d6285cce8af 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h
@@ -176,6 +176,10 @@ class LD2450Component : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
   bool bluetooth_on_{false};
   Target target_info_[MAX_TARGETS];
   Zone zone_config_[MAX_ZONES];
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+  // Byte aligned, so it packs after zone_config_ instead of padding before data_callback_
+  std::array<Deduplicator<uint8_t>, MAX_TARGETS> direction_dedup_{};
+#endif
 
 #ifdef USE_NUMBER
   ESPPreferenceObject pref_;  // only used when numbers are in use
@@ -194,7 +198,6 @@ class LD2450Component : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
   std::array<text_sensor::TextSensor *, MAX_TARGETS> direction_text_sensors_{};
-  std::array<Deduplicator<uint8_t>, MAX_TARGETS> direction_dedup_{};
 #endif
 
   LazyCallbackManager<void()> data_callback_;
diff --git a/esphome/components/ledc/ledc_output.h b/esphome/components/ledc/ledc_output.h
index de63325455b..1df0f675729 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ledc/ledc_output.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ledc/ledc_output.h
@@ -35,11 +35,11 @@ class LEDCOutput final : public output::FloatOutput, public Component {
   InternalGPIOPin *pin_;
   uint8_t channel_{};
   uint8_t bit_depth_{};
+  bool initialized_ = false;
   float phase_angle_{0.0f};
   float frequency_{};
   float duty_{0.0f};
   uint32_t last_duty_{UINT32_MAX};
-  bool initialized_ = false;
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ledc
diff --git a/esphome/components/microphone/microphone_source.h b/esphome/components/microphone/microphone_source.h
index d7a33524322..770399fef59 100644
--- a/esphome/components/microphone/microphone_source.h
+++ b/esphome/components/microphone/microphone_source.h
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class MicrophoneSource final {
    */
  public:
   MicrophoneSource(Microphone *mic, uint8_t bits_per_sample, int32_t gain_factor, bool passive)
-      : mic_(mic), bits_per_sample_(bits_per_sample), gain_factor_(gain_factor), passive_(passive) {}
+      : mic_(mic), gain_factor_(gain_factor), passive_(passive), bits_per_sample_(bits_per_sample) {}
 
   /// @brief Enables a channel to be processed through the callback.
   ///
@@ -81,11 +81,11 @@ class MicrophoneSource final {
   std::shared_ptr<std::vector<uint8_t>> processed_samples_;
 
   Microphone *mic_;
-  uint8_t bits_per_sample_;
   std::bitset<8> channels_;
   int32_t gain_factor_;
   bool enabled_{false};
   bool passive_;  // Only pass audio if ``mic_`` is already running
+  uint8_t bits_per_sample_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::microphone
diff --git a/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/mixer_speaker.h b/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/mixer_speaker.h
index 494443d6951..04b0cb94f40 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/mixer_speaker.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/mixer_speaker.h
@@ -107,12 +107,12 @@ class SourceSpeaker final : public speaker::Speaker, public Component {
   bool stop_gracefully_{false};
 
   bool pause_state_{false};
+  std::atomic<bool> has_contributed_{false};  // Tracks if source has contributed during this session
 
   esp_audio_libs::gain::GainRamp ducking_ramp_;
 
   std::atomic<uint32_t> pending_playback_frames_{0};
   std::atomic<uint32_t> playback_delay_frames_{0};  // Frames in output pipeline when this source started contributing
-  std::atomic<bool> has_contributed_{false};        // Tracks if source has contributed during this session
 
   EventGroupHandle_t event_group_{nullptr};
   uint32_t stopping_start_ms_{0};
diff --git a/esphome/components/noise/__init__.py b/esphome/components/noise/__init__.py
index 19ad36612de..d9880fe6f9c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/noise/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/noise/__init__.py
@@ -5,12 +5,11 @@ from typing import Any
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ENCRYPTION, CONF_KEY
-from esphome.core import CORE, ID
+from esphome.core import CORE
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
-DOMAIN = "noise"
 
 # Keep in sync with platformio.ini and esphome/idf_component.yml.
 # LIBSODIUM_VERSION must match the version noise-c pins in its manifests.
@@ -74,18 +73,13 @@ def static_encryption_key(conf: ConfigType) -> str | None:
     return (conf.get(CONF_ENCRYPTION) or {}).get(CONF_KEY) or None
 
 
-def new_psk_progmem(parent_id: ID, key: str) -> MockObj:
+def new_psk_progmem(key: str) -> MockObj:
     """Emit the decoded key as a PROGMEM array; the component keeps a pointer
     so the key never occupies RAM. Components sharing one key (api and ota)
     share the array."""
-    decoded = decode_encryption_key(key)
-    arrays: dict[bytes, MockObj] = CORE.data.setdefault(DOMAIN, {})
-    if (array := arrays.get(decoded)) is None:
-        array = arrays[decoded] = cg.progmem_array(
-            ID(f"{parent_id.id}_psk", is_declaration=True, type=cg.uint8),
-            list(decoded),
-        )
-    return array
+    return cg.shared_progmem_array(
+        "noise_psk", cg.uint8, list(decode_encryption_key(key))
+    )
 
 
 def encryption_schema(config: ConfigType | None) -> ConfigType:
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver.h b/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver.h
index 6f93979b183..1c1c473f478 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver.h
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver.h
@@ -88,8 +88,8 @@ class RemoteReceiverComponent final : public remote_base::RemoteReceiverBase,
   rmt_channel_handle_t channel_{NULL};
   uint32_t filter_symbols_{0};
   uint32_t receive_symbols_{0};
-  bool with_dma_{false};
   uint32_t carrier_frequency_{0};
+  bool with_dma_{false};
   uint8_t carrier_duty_percent_{100};
 #endif
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ring_buffer/ring_buffer.cpp b/esphome/components/ring_buffer/ring_buffer.cpp
index 9604290cf03..dfcc53ebb2e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ring_buffer/ring_buffer.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ring_buffer/ring_buffer.cpp
@@ -10,8 +10,9 @@ namespace esphome::ring_buffer {
 static const char *const TAG = "ring_buffer";
 
 RingBuffer::~RingBuffer() {
-  if (this->handle_ != nullptr) {
-    vRingbufferDelete(this->handle_);
+  // create() only builds the ring buffer once storage_ is allocated
+  if (this->storage_ != nullptr) {
+    vRingbufferDelete(this->handle_());
     RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator;
     allocator.deallocate(this->storage_, this->size_);
   }
@@ -31,7 +32,12 @@ std::unique_ptr<RingBuffer> RingBuffer::create(size_t len, MemoryPreference pref
     return nullptr;
   }
 
-  rb->handle_ = xRingbufferCreateStatic(rb->size_, RINGBUF_TYPE_BYTEBUF, rb->storage_, &rb->structure_);
+  // handle_() assumes the returned handle is &structure_; NULL means the arguments were rejected
+  if (xRingbufferCreateStatic(rb->size_, RINGBUF_TYPE_BYTEBUF, rb->storage_, &rb->structure_) != rb->handle_()) {
+    allocator.deallocate(rb->storage_, rb->size_);
+    rb->storage_ = nullptr;
+    return nullptr;
+  }
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Created ring buffer with size %u", len);
 
   return rb;
@@ -39,16 +45,16 @@ std::unique_ptr<RingBuffer> RingBuffer::create(size_t len, MemoryPreference pref
 
 void *RingBuffer::receive_acquire(size_t &length, size_t max_length, TickType_t ticks_to_wait) {
   length = 0;
-  void *buffer_data = xRingbufferReceiveUpTo(this->handle_, &length, ticks_to_wait, max_length);
+  void *buffer_data = xRingbufferReceiveUpTo(this->handle_(), &length, ticks_to_wait, max_length);
   return buffer_data;
 }
 
-void RingBuffer::receive_release(void *item) { vRingbufferReturnItem(this->handle_, item); }
+void RingBuffer::receive_release(void *item) { vRingbufferReturnItem(this->handle_(), item); }
 
 size_t RingBuffer::read(void *data, size_t len, TickType_t ticks_to_wait) {
   size_t bytes_read = 0;
 
-  void *buffer_data = xRingbufferReceiveUpTo(this->handle_, &bytes_read, ticks_to_wait, len);
+  void *buffer_data = xRingbufferReceiveUpTo(this->handle_(), &bytes_read, ticks_to_wait, len);
 
   if (buffer_data == nullptr) {
     return 0;
@@ -56,14 +62,14 @@ size_t RingBuffer::read(void *data, size_t len, TickType_t ticks_to_wait) {
 
   std::memcpy(data, buffer_data, bytes_read);
 
-  vRingbufferReturnItem(this->handle_, buffer_data);
+  vRingbufferReturnItem(this->handle_(), buffer_data);
 
   if (bytes_read < len) {
     // Data may have wrapped around, so read a second time to receive the remainder
     size_t follow_up_bytes_read = 0;
     size_t bytes_remaining = len - bytes_read;
 
-    buffer_data = xRingbufferReceiveUpTo(this->handle_, &follow_up_bytes_read, 0, bytes_remaining);
+    buffer_data = xRingbufferReceiveUpTo(this->handle_(), &follow_up_bytes_read, 0, bytes_remaining);
 
     if (buffer_data == nullptr) {
       return bytes_read;
@@ -71,7 +77,7 @@ size_t RingBuffer::read(void *data, size_t len, TickType_t ticks_to_wait) {
 
     std::memcpy((void *) ((uint8_t *) (data) + bytes_read), buffer_data, follow_up_bytes_read);
 
-    vRingbufferReturnItem(this->handle_, buffer_data);
+    vRingbufferReturnItem(this->handle_(), buffer_data);
     bytes_read += follow_up_bytes_read;
   }
 
@@ -89,13 +95,13 @@ size_t RingBuffer::write(const void *data, size_t len) {
 
 size_t RingBuffer::write_without_replacement(const void *data, size_t len, TickType_t ticks_to_wait,
                                              bool write_partial) {
-  if (!xRingbufferSend(this->handle_, data, len, ticks_to_wait)) {
+  if (!xRingbufferSend(this->handle_(), data, len, ticks_to_wait)) {
     if (!write_partial) {
       return 0;  // Not enough space available and not allowed to write partial data
     }
     // Couldn't fit all the data, write what will fit
     size_t free = std::min(this->free(), len);
-    if (xRingbufferSend(this->handle_, data, free, 0)) {
+    if (xRingbufferSend(this->handle_(), data, free, 0)) {
       return free;
     }
     return 0;
@@ -105,11 +111,11 @@ size_t RingBuffer::write_without_replacement(const void *data, size_t len, TickT
 
 size_t RingBuffer::available() const {
   UBaseType_t ux_items_waiting = 0;
-  vRingbufferGetInfo(this->handle_, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, &ux_items_waiting);
+  vRingbufferGetInfo(this->handle_(), nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, &ux_items_waiting);
   return ux_items_waiting;
 }
 
-size_t RingBuffer::free() const { return xRingbufferGetCurFreeSize(this->handle_); }
+size_t RingBuffer::free() const { return xRingbufferGetCurFreeSize(this->handle_()); }
 
 BaseType_t RingBuffer::reset() {
   // Discards all the available data
@@ -119,15 +125,15 @@ BaseType_t RingBuffer::reset() {
 bool RingBuffer::discard_bytes_(size_t discard_bytes) {
   size_t bytes_read = 0;
 
-  void *buffer_data = xRingbufferReceiveUpTo(this->handle_, &bytes_read, 0, discard_bytes);
+  void *buffer_data = xRingbufferReceiveUpTo(this->handle_(), &bytes_read, 0, discard_bytes);
   if (buffer_data != nullptr)
-    vRingbufferReturnItem(this->handle_, buffer_data);
+    vRingbufferReturnItem(this->handle_(), buffer_data);
 
   if (bytes_read < discard_bytes) {
     size_t wrapped_bytes_read = 0;
-    buffer_data = xRingbufferReceiveUpTo(this->handle_, &wrapped_bytes_read, 0, discard_bytes - bytes_read);
+    buffer_data = xRingbufferReceiveUpTo(this->handle_(), &wrapped_bytes_read, 0, discard_bytes - bytes_read);
     if (buffer_data != nullptr) {
-      vRingbufferReturnItem(this->handle_, buffer_data);
+      vRingbufferReturnItem(this->handle_(), buffer_data);
       bytes_read += wrapped_bytes_read;
     }
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/ring_buffer/ring_buffer.h b/esphome/components/ring_buffer/ring_buffer.h
index 62094899d78..ed2d4b43456 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ring_buffer/ring_buffer.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ring_buffer/ring_buffer.h
@@ -115,7 +115,9 @@ class RingBuffer {
   /// @return True if all bytes were successfully discarded, false otherwise
   bool discard_bytes_(size_t discard_bytes);
 
-  RingbufHandle_t handle_{nullptr};
+  // xRingbufferCreateStatic() returns the static structure itself as the handle
+  RingbufHandle_t handle_() const { return const_cast<StaticRingbuffer_t *>(&this->structure_); }
+
   StaticRingbuffer_t structure_;
   uint8_t *storage_{nullptr};
   size_t size_{0};
diff --git a/esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.h b/esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.h
index 7a32b79b177..055204571e1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.h
+++ b/esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.h
@@ -82,14 +82,14 @@ class Rtttl final : public Component {
   uint16_t note_duration_{0};
   /// The duration of a whole note in milliseconds.
   uint16_t wholenote_duration_;
+  /// The current state of the RTTTL player.
+  State state_{State::STOPPED};
   /// The time in milliseconds since microcontroller boot when the last note was started.
   uint32_t last_note_start_time_;
   /// The frequency of the current note in Hz.
   uint32_t output_freq_{0};
   /// The gain of the output.
   float gain_{0.6f};
-  /// The current state of the RTTTL player.
-  State state_{State::STOPPED};
 
 #ifdef USE_OUTPUT
   /// The output to write the sound to.
diff --git a/esphome/components/script/script.h b/esphome/components/script/script.h
index b9ea75e0bcf..97b27af498d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/script/script.h
+++ b/esphome/components/script/script.h
@@ -254,7 +254,8 @@ template<class... As, typename... Ts> class ScriptExecuteAction<Script<As...>, T
   }
 
   Script<As...> *script_;
-  Args args_;
+  // Empty tuple for scripts without parameters; takes no space then
+  [[no_unique_address]] Args args_;
 };
 
 /** Wait for a script to finish before continuing.
diff --git a/esphome/components/sendspin/sendspin_hub.h b/esphome/components/sendspin/sendspin_hub.h
index 8ab70d61ef1..ea09dafe689 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sendspin/sendspin_hub.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sendspin/sendspin_hub.h
@@ -308,6 +308,9 @@ class SendspinHub final : public Component,
   CallbackManager<void(const sendspin::GroupUpdateObject &)> group_update_callbacks_{};
 
   bool task_stack_in_psram_{false};
+#ifdef USE_MDNS_SUPPORTS_ENABLE_DISABLE
+  bool mdns_advertised_{false};  // Last state requested from mdns
+#endif
 
   // Requested client state, applied from loop(). Empty until the switch restores its state.
   std::optional<bool> enabled_;
@@ -320,7 +323,6 @@ class SendspinHub final : public Component,
 
 #ifdef USE_MDNS_SUPPORTS_ENABLE_DISABLE
   mdns::MDNSComponent *mdns_{nullptr};
-  bool mdns_advertised_{false};  // Last state requested from mdns
 #endif
 };
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/speaker/speaker.h b/esphome/components/speaker/speaker.h
index 01e9ca042e0..277b36a171a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/speaker/speaker.h
+++ b/esphome/components/speaker/speaker.h
@@ -127,9 +127,9 @@ class Speaker {
 #endif
 
   State state_{STATE_STOPPED};
+  bool mute_state_{false};
   audio::AudioStreamInfo audio_stream_info_;
   float volume_{1.0f};
-  bool mute_state_{false};
 
 #ifdef USE_AUDIO_DAC
   audio_dac::AudioDac *audio_dac_{nullptr};
diff --git a/esphome/components/template/number/template_number.h b/esphome/components/template/number/template_number.h
index e51e858ccf3..2c4932f7e87 100644
--- a/esphome/components/template/number/template_number.h
+++ b/esphome/components/template/number/template_number.h
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ class TemplateNumber final : public number::Number, public PollingComponent {
  protected:
   void control(float value) override;
   bool optimistic_{false};
-  float initial_value_{NAN};
   bool restore_value_{false};
+  float initial_value_{NAN};
   Trigger<float> set_trigger_;
   TemplateLambda<float> f_;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/template/select/template_select.h b/esphome/components/template/select/template_select.h
index 1cc28a36d37..c6a1b8bd088 100644
--- a/esphome/components/template/select/template_select.h
+++ b/esphome/components/template/select/template_select.h
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
 
 namespace esphome::template_ {
 
-struct Empty {};
+// Distinct per member: two empty members of the same type cannot share an address
+template<int N> struct Empty {};
 class BaseTemplateSelect : public select::Select, public PollingComponent {};
 
 void dump_config_helper(BaseTemplateSelect *sel_comp, bool optimistic, bool has_lambda, size_t initial_option_index,
@@ -59,8 +60,8 @@ class TemplateSelect : public BaseTemplateSelect {
     if constexpr (RESTORE_VALUE)
       this->pref_.save(&index);
   }
-  [[no_unique_address]] std::conditional_t<HAS_LAMBDA, TemplateLambda<std::string>, Empty> f_{};
-  [[no_unique_address]] std::conditional_t<RESTORE_VALUE, ESPPreferenceObject, Empty> pref_{};
+  [[no_unique_address]] std::conditional_t<HAS_LAMBDA, TemplateLambda<std::string>, Empty<0>> f_{};
+  [[no_unique_address]] std::conditional_t<RESTORE_VALUE, ESPPreferenceObject, Empty<1>> pref_{};
 };
 
 /// Template select with set_action trigger - only instantiated when set_action is configured
diff --git a/esphome/components/voice_assistant/voice_assistant.h b/esphome/components/voice_assistant/voice_assistant.h
index e99ee07099f..ae5eee3e227 100644
--- a/esphome/components/voice_assistant/voice_assistant.h
+++ b/esphome/components/voice_assistant/voice_assistant.h
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ enum VoiceAssistantFeature : uint32_t {
   FEATURE_MULTI_CHANNEL_AUDIO = 1 << 6,
 };
 
-enum class State {
+enum class State : uint8_t {
   IDLE,
   START_MICROPHONE,
   STARTING_MICROPHONE,
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ struct Configuration {
 };
 
 #ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
-enum class MediaPlayerResponseState {
+enum class MediaPlayerResponseState : uint8_t {
   IDLE,
   URL_SENT,
   PLAYING,
@@ -237,6 +237,7 @@ class VoiceAssistant final : public Component {
 
   void set_state_(State state);
   void set_state_(State state, State desired_state);
+  bool start_udp_socket_();
   void signal_stop_();
   void start_playback_timeout_();
 
@@ -280,8 +281,6 @@ class VoiceAssistant final : public Component {
   Trigger<Timer> timer_updated_trigger_;
   Trigger<Timer> timer_cancelled_trigger_;
   Trigger<const std::vector<Timer> &> timer_tick_trigger_;
-  bool has_timers_{false};
-  bool timer_tick_running_{false};
 
   microphone::MicrophoneSource *mic_source_{nullptr};
   microphone::MicrophoneSource *mic_source2_{nullptr};
@@ -292,19 +291,12 @@ class VoiceAssistant final : public Component {
   size_t speaker_buffer_index_{0};
   size_t speaker_buffer_size_{0};
   size_t speaker_bytes_received_{0};
-  bool wait_for_stream_end_{false};
-  bool stream_ended_{false};
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
   media_player::MediaPlayer *media_player_{nullptr};
   std::string tts_response_url_;
-  bool started_streaming_tts_{false};
-
-  MediaPlayerResponseState media_player_response_state_{MediaPlayerResponseState::IDLE};
 #endif
 
-  bool local_output_{false};
-
   std::string conversation_id_;
 
   std::string wake_word_;
@@ -324,29 +316,37 @@ class VoiceAssistant final : public Component {
   // prolonged one can be detected and stopped; 0 means no imbalance is currently being timed.
   uint32_t audio_channel_stall_start_{0};
 
-  bool use_wake_word_;
-  uint8_t noise_suppression_level_;
-  uint8_t auto_gain_;
   float volume_multiplier_;
   uint32_t conversation_timeout_;
 
-  bool continuous_{false};
-  bool silence_detection_;
-
-  bool continue_conversation_{false};
-
-  State state_{State::IDLE};
-  State desired_state_{State::IDLE};
-
-  AudioMode audio_mode_{AUDIO_MODE_UDP};
-  bool udp_socket_running_{false};
-  bool start_udp_socket_();
-
   Configuration config_{};
 
 #ifdef USE_MICRO_WAKE_WORD
   micro_wake_word::MicroWakeWord *micro_wake_word_{nullptr};
 #endif
+
+  // 1 byte members grouped at the end so they share padding instead of each taking a word
+  State state_{State::IDLE};
+  State desired_state_{State::IDLE};
+  AudioMode audio_mode_{AUDIO_MODE_UDP};
+  bool has_timers_{false};
+  bool timer_tick_running_{false};
+#ifdef USE_SPEAKER
+  bool wait_for_stream_end_{false};
+  bool stream_ended_{false};
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
+  MediaPlayerResponseState media_player_response_state_{MediaPlayerResponseState::IDLE};
+  bool started_streaming_tts_{false};
+#endif
+  bool local_output_{false};
+  bool use_wake_word_;
+  uint8_t noise_suppression_level_;
+  uint8_t auto_gain_;
+  bool continuous_{false};
+  bool silence_detection_;
+  bool continue_conversation_{false};
+  bool udp_socket_running_{false};
 };
 
 extern VoiceAssistant *global_voice_assistant;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
index 67913796499..082c059a14a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ class WiFiAP {
   bssid_t bssid_{};     // 6 bytes, all zeros = any/not set
   uint8_t channel_{0};  // 1 byte, 0 = auto/not set
   int8_t priority_{0};  // 1 byte
-  bool hidden_{false};  // 1 byte (+ 3 bytes end padding to 4-byte align)
+  bool hidden_{false};  // 1 byte; WiFiAP is byte aligned unless manual IP or EAP adds a 4 byte aligned member
 };
 
 class WiFiScanResult {
@@ -874,9 +874,6 @@ class WiFiComponent final : public Component {
 #ifdef WIFI_SCAN_RESULTS_LOCK_ENABLED
   Mutex scan_result_lock_;
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_WIFI_AP
-  WiFiAP ap_;
-#endif
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_IP_STATE_LISTENERS
   StaticVector<WiFiIPStateListener *, ESPHOME_WIFI_IP_STATE_LISTENERS> ip_state_listeners_;
 #endif
@@ -924,6 +921,9 @@ class WiFiComponent final : public Component {
   uint32_t roaming_scan_end_{0};  // Timestamp when last roaming scan completed
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_AP
   uint32_t ap_timeout_{90000};  // Keep in sync with DEFAULT_AP_TIMEOUT in __init__.py
+  // WiFiAP is byte aligned unless manual IP or EAP is enabled; placed before the
+  // 1-byte members so they pack into its trailing bytes instead of padding after it
+  WiFiAP ap_;
 #endif
 
   // 1-byte enums and integers
@@ -983,7 +983,8 @@ class WiFiComponent final : public Component {
 
   // Bools and bitfields
   // Pending listener callbacks deferred from platform callbacks to main loop.
-  struct {
+  // Empty when no listener needs deferring (e.g. ESP32 without connect state listeners)
+  [[no_unique_address]] struct {
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_CONNECT_STATE_LISTENERS
     // Deferred until state machine reaches STA_CONNECTED so wifi.connected
     // condition returns true in listener automations.
diff --git a/esphome/core/scheduler.h b/esphome/core/scheduler.h
index 56fc83f12fd..4911bdde74f 100644
--- a/esphome/core/scheduler.h
+++ b/esphome/core/scheduler.h
@@ -518,7 +518,8 @@ class Scheduler {
                                                                             uint32_t hash_or_id,
                                                                             SchedulerItem::Type type, bool find_first);
 
-  Mutex lock_;
+  // Empty on single-threaded platforms (ESP8266, RP2), so it takes no space there
+  [[no_unique_address]] Mutex lock_;
   std::vector<SchedulerItem *> items_;
   std::vector<SchedulerItem *> to_add_;
 
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/homeassistant/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/homeassistant/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e69de29bb2d
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/homeassistant/test_number.py b/tests/component_tests/homeassistant/test_number.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d17842307d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/homeassistant/test_number.py
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+"""Tests for the homeassistant number platform."""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.config import read_config
+from esphome.core import CORE
+
+VALID_CONFIG = "tests/component_tests/homeassistant/test_number.yaml"
+INVALID_CONFIG = "tests/component_tests/homeassistant/test_number_invalid_domain.yaml"
+
+
+def test_number_and_input_number_entities(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+) -> None:
+    """Both number and input_number entity IDs are accepted and passed to the C++ class."""
+    main_cpp = generate_main(VALID_CONFIG)
+
+    assert 'ha_number->set_entity_id("number.some_number");' in main_cpp
+    assert 'ha_input_number->set_entity_id("input_number.some_input");' in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_number_rejects_unsupported_domain(
+    capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str],
+) -> None:
+    """An entity ID from another domain fails config validation."""
+    CORE.config_path = Path(INVALID_CONFIG)
+
+    assert read_config({}) is None
+    assert "is not supported by the number platform" in capsys.readouterr().out
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/homeassistant/test_number.yaml b/tests/component_tests/homeassistant/test_number.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bcd8365495e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/homeassistant/test_number.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+---
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+host:
+
+logger:
+
+api:
+
+number:
+  - platform: homeassistant
+    entity_id: number.some_number
+    id: ha_number
+  - platform: homeassistant
+    entity_id: input_number.some_input
+    id: ha_input_number
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/homeassistant/test_number_invalid_domain.yaml b/tests/component_tests/homeassistant/test_number_invalid_domain.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..684de606205
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/homeassistant/test_number_invalid_domain.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+---
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+host:
+
+logger:
+
+api:
+
+number:
+  - platform: homeassistant
+    entity_id: number.some_number
+    id: ha_number
+  - platform: homeassistant
+    entity_id: sensor.foo
+    id: ha_other_number
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ota/test_esphome_ota.py b/tests/component_tests/ota/test_esphome_ota.py
index cd66503c1bb..77db1499231 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/ota/test_esphome_ota.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/ota/test_esphome_ota.py
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ def test_encryption_offer_codegen(
     own_key = encrypted and "USE_OTA_ENCRYPTION_PROVISIONED" not in defines_present
     assert ("esphome_esphomeotacomponent_id->set_noise_psk(" in main_cpp) is own_key
     # The api shares the ota's array instead of emitting the same key twice
-    assert main_cpp.count("_psk[] PROGMEM") == (1 if own_key else 0)
+    assert main_cpp.count("noise_psk[] PROGMEM") == (1 if own_key else 0)
     assert ("set_auth_password(" in main_cpp) is ("USE_OTA_PASSWORD" in defines_present)
     # The noise transport source compiles only when the define is set
     assert FILTER_SOURCE_FILES() == ([] if encrypted else ["ota_esphome_noise.cpp"])
diff --git a/tests/components/homeassistant/common.yaml b/tests/components/homeassistant/common.yaml
index 1099f7ea85e..9bc0defae27 100644
--- a/tests/components/homeassistant/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/homeassistant/common.yaml
@@ -71,6 +71,9 @@ number:
   - platform: homeassistant
     entity_id: number.hello_world
     id: ha_hello_world_number
+  - platform: homeassistant
+    entity_id: input_number.hello_world
+    id: ha_hello_world_input_number
 
 sensor:
   - platform: homeassistant
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/api_homeassistant.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/api_homeassistant.yaml
index 2d77821ff33..deea19bdeb2 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/api_homeassistant.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/api_homeassistant.yaml
@@ -21,6 +21,12 @@ api:
         - number.set:
             id: ha_number
             value: 42.5
+        - number.set:
+            id: ha_real_number
+            value: 12.5
+        - number.set:
+            id: ha_real_input_number
+            value: 7
         - switch.turn_on: ha_switch
         - switch.turn_off: ha_switch
         - logger.log: "=== All tests completed ==="
@@ -129,6 +135,13 @@ text_sensor:
 
 # Number component for testing HA number control
 number:
+  # Real homeassistant numbers: the action used depends on the entity domain
+  - platform: homeassistant
+    id: ha_real_number
+    entity_id: number.test_real_number
+  - platform: homeassistant
+    id: ha_real_input_number
+    entity_id: input_number.test_real_input_number
   - platform: template
     name: "HA Controlled Number"
     id: ha_number
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_api_homeassistant.py b/tests/integration/test_api_homeassistant.py
index b4adedf8738..bb99b418135 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_api_homeassistant.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_api_homeassistant.py
@@ -86,6 +86,15 @@ async def test_api_homeassistant(
         "nonexistent.action_for_error_test": loop.create_future(),  # error_test_call
     }
 
+    # Futures keyed by (service, entity_id) for the real homeassistant numbers
+    ha_real_number_futures = {
+        ("number.set_value", "number.test_real_number"): loop.create_future(),
+        (
+            "input_number.set_value",
+            "input_number.test_real_input_number",
+        ): loop.create_future(),
+    }
+
     # Future for error message test
     action_error_received_future = loop.create_future()
 
@@ -102,6 +111,10 @@ async def test_api_homeassistant(
             if not future.done():
                 future.set_result(service_call)
 
+        key = (service_call.service, service_call.data.get("entity_id"))
+        if key in ha_real_number_futures and not ha_real_number_futures[key].done():
+            ha_real_number_futures[key].set_result(service_call)
+
         # Immediately respond to the error test call so the test can proceed
         # This needs to happen synchronously so ESPHome receives the response
         # before logging "=== All tests completed ==="
@@ -201,6 +214,16 @@ async def test_api_homeassistant(
         # Empty state with valid entity should work (use different entity to not interfere with test)
         client.send_home_assistant_state("sensor.edge_case_empty_state", "", "")
 
+        # The real homeassistant numbers reject values outside min/max, which
+        # default to 0 until Home Assistant provides them
+        for entity in (
+            "number.test_real_number",
+            "input_number.test_real_input_number",
+        ):
+            client.send_home_assistant_state(entity, "min", "0")
+            client.send_home_assistant_state(entity, "max", "100")
+            client.send_home_assistant_state(entity, "step", "0.5")
+
         # List entities and services
         _, services = await client.list_entities_services()
 
@@ -334,6 +357,21 @@ async def test_api_homeassistant(
             # The value might be formatted with trailing zeros
             assert float(number_call.data["value"]) == 42.5
 
+            # 7b. Real homeassistant numbers pick the action from the entity domain
+            real_number_call = await asyncio.wait_for(
+                ha_real_number_futures[("number.set_value", "number.test_real_number")],
+                timeout=2.0,
+            )
+            assert float(real_number_call.data["value"]) == 12.5
+
+            real_input_number_call = await asyncio.wait_for(
+                ha_real_number_futures[
+                    ("input_number.set_value", "input_number.test_real_input_number")
+                ],
+                timeout=2.0,
+            )
+            assert float(real_input_number_call.data["value"]) == 7
+
             # 8. HA Switch service calls
             switch_on_call = await asyncio.wait_for(
                 service_call_futures["switch.turn_on"], timeout=2.0