Merge branch 'dev' into remove-set-retry

tests/benchmarks/components/api/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
+
+
+def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
+    # api must run its to_code to define USE_API, USE_API_PLAINTEXT,
+    # and add the noise-c library dependency.
+    manifest.enable_codegen()

tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_noise_encrypt.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#ifdef USE_API_NOISE
+
+#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "noise/protocol.h"
+
+namespace esphome::api::benchmarks {
+
+static constexpr int kInnerIterations = 2000;
+
+// Helper to create and initialize a NoiseCipherState with ChaChaPoly.
+// Returns nullptr on failure.
+static NoiseCipherState *create_cipher() {
+  NoiseCipherState *cipher = nullptr;
+  int err = noise_cipherstate_new_by_id(&cipher, NOISE_CIPHER_CHACHAPOLY);
+  if (err != NOISE_ERROR_NONE || cipher == nullptr)
+    return nullptr;
+
+  // Initialize with a dummy 32-byte key (same pattern as handshake split produces)
+  uint8_t key[32];
+  memset(key, 0xAB, sizeof(key));
+  err = noise_cipherstate_init_key(cipher, key, sizeof(key));
+  if (err != NOISE_ERROR_NONE) {
+    noise_cipherstate_free(cipher);
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  return cipher;
+}
+
+// Benchmark helper matching the exact pattern from
+// APINoiseFrameHelper::write_protobuf_messages:
+//   - noise_buffer_init + noise_buffer_set_inout (same as production)
+//   - No explicit set_nonce (production relies on internal nonce increment)
+//   - Error checking on encrypt return
+static void noise_encrypt_bench(benchmark::State &state, size_t plaintext_size) {
+  NoiseCipherState *cipher = create_cipher();
+  if (cipher == nullptr) {
+    state.SkipWithError("Failed to create cipher state");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  size_t mac_len = noise_cipherstate_get_mac_length(cipher);
+  size_t buf_capacity = plaintext_size + mac_len;
+  auto buffer = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(buf_capacity);
+  memset(buffer.get(), 0x42, plaintext_size);
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      // Match production: init buffer, set inout, encrypt
+      NoiseBuffer mbuf;
+      noise_buffer_init(mbuf);
+      noise_buffer_set_inout(mbuf, buffer.get(), plaintext_size, buf_capacity);
+
+      int err = noise_cipherstate_encrypt(cipher, &mbuf);
+      if (err != NOISE_ERROR_NONE) {
+        state.SkipWithError("noise_cipherstate_encrypt failed");
+        noise_cipherstate_free(cipher);
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(buffer[0]);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+
+  noise_cipherstate_free(cipher);
+}
+
+// --- Encrypt a typical sensor state message (small payload ~14 bytes) ---
+// This is the most common message encrypted on every sensor update.
+// 4 bytes type+len header + ~10 bytes payload.
+
+static void NoiseEncrypt_SmallMessage(benchmark::State &state) { noise_encrypt_bench(state, 14); }
+BENCHMARK(NoiseEncrypt_SmallMessage);
+
+// --- Encrypt a medium message (~128 bytes, typical for LightStateResponse) ---
+
+static void NoiseEncrypt_MediumMessage(benchmark::State &state) { noise_encrypt_bench(state, 128); }
+BENCHMARK(NoiseEncrypt_MediumMessage);
+
+// --- Encrypt a large message (~1024 bytes, typical for DeviceInfoResponse) ---
+
+static void NoiseEncrypt_LargeMessage(benchmark::State &state) { noise_encrypt_bench(state, 1024); }
+BENCHMARK(NoiseEncrypt_LargeMessage);
+
+// Benchmark helper matching the exact pattern from
+// APINoiseFrameHelper::read_packet:
+//   - noise_buffer_init + noise_buffer_set_inout with capacity == size (decrypt shrinks)
+//   - Error checking on decrypt return
+//
+// Pre-encrypts kInnerIterations messages with sequential nonces before the
+// timed loop. Each outer iteration re-inits the decrypt key to reset the
+// nonce back to 0, then decrypts all pre-encrypted messages in sequence.
+// The init_key cost is amortized over kInnerIterations decrypts.
+static void noise_decrypt_bench(benchmark::State &state, size_t plaintext_size) {
+  NoiseCipherState *encrypt_cipher = create_cipher();
+  NoiseCipherState *decrypt_cipher = create_cipher();
+  if (encrypt_cipher == nullptr || decrypt_cipher == nullptr) {
+    state.SkipWithError("Failed to create cipher state");
+    if (encrypt_cipher)
+      noise_cipherstate_free(encrypt_cipher);
+    if (decrypt_cipher)
+      noise_cipherstate_free(decrypt_cipher);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  size_t mac_len = noise_cipherstate_get_mac_length(encrypt_cipher);
+  size_t encrypted_size = plaintext_size + mac_len;
+
+  // Pre-encrypt kInnerIterations messages with sequential nonces (0..N-1).
+  auto ciphertexts = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(encrypted_size * kInnerIterations);
+  for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+    uint8_t *ct = ciphertexts.get() + i * encrypted_size;
+    memset(ct, 0x42, plaintext_size);
+    NoiseBuffer enc_buf;
+    noise_buffer_init(enc_buf);
+    noise_buffer_set_inout(enc_buf, ct, plaintext_size, encrypted_size);
+    int err = noise_cipherstate_encrypt(encrypt_cipher, &enc_buf);
+    if (err != NOISE_ERROR_NONE) {
+      state.SkipWithError("Pre-encrypt failed");
+      noise_cipherstate_free(encrypt_cipher);
+      noise_cipherstate_free(decrypt_cipher);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Working buffer — decrypt modifies in place
+  auto buffer = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(encrypted_size);
+  static constexpr uint8_t KEY[32] = {0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB,
+                                      0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB,
+                                      0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB};
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    // Reset nonce to 0 by re-initing the key (amortized over kInnerIterations)
+    noise_cipherstate_init_key(decrypt_cipher, KEY, sizeof(KEY));
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      // Copy ciphertext into working buffer (decrypt modifies in place)
+      memcpy(buffer.get(), ciphertexts.get() + i * encrypted_size, encrypted_size);
+
+      // Decrypt matching production pattern
+      NoiseBuffer mbuf;
+      noise_buffer_init(mbuf);
+      noise_buffer_set_inout(mbuf, buffer.get(), encrypted_size, encrypted_size);
+
+      int err = noise_cipherstate_decrypt(decrypt_cipher, &mbuf);
+      if (err != NOISE_ERROR_NONE) {
+        state.SkipWithError("noise_cipherstate_decrypt failed");
+        noise_cipherstate_free(encrypt_cipher);
+        noise_cipherstate_free(decrypt_cipher);
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(buffer[0]);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+
+  noise_cipherstate_free(encrypt_cipher);
+  noise_cipherstate_free(decrypt_cipher);
+}
+
+// --- Decrypt benchmarks (matching read_packet path) ---
+
+static void NoiseDecrypt_SmallMessage(benchmark::State &state) { noise_decrypt_bench(state, 14); }
+BENCHMARK(NoiseDecrypt_SmallMessage);
+
+static void NoiseDecrypt_MediumMessage(benchmark::State &state) { noise_decrypt_bench(state, 128); }
+BENCHMARK(NoiseDecrypt_MediumMessage);
+
+static void NoiseDecrypt_LargeMessage(benchmark::State &state) { noise_decrypt_bench(state, 1024); }
+BENCHMARK(NoiseDecrypt_LargeMessage);
+
+// --- Full Noise_NNpsk0 handshake benchmark ---
+// Measures the complete handshake between initiator and responder:
+//   - Create handshake states for both sides
+//   - Set PSK and prologue
+//   - Exchange messages (initiator write -> responder read -> responder write -> initiator read)
+//   - Split to get cipher states
+// This is dominated by Curve25519 DH operations (expensive on ESP8266).
+// No inner iterations — each handshake is already expensive enough.
+
+static void NoiseHandshake_Full(benchmark::State &state) {
+  // Matching ESPHome's protocol: Noise_NNpsk0_25519_ChaChaPoly_SHA256
+  NoiseProtocolId nid;
+  memset(&nid, 0, sizeof(nid));
+  nid.pattern_id = NOISE_PATTERN_NN;
+  nid.cipher_id = NOISE_CIPHER_CHACHAPOLY;
+  nid.dh_id = NOISE_DH_CURVE25519;
+  nid.prefix_id = NOISE_PREFIX_STANDARD;
+  nid.hybrid_id = NOISE_DH_NONE;
+  nid.hash_id = NOISE_HASH_SHA256;
+  nid.modifier_ids[0] = NOISE_MODIFIER_PSK0;
+
+  // Dummy PSK (32 bytes) and prologue matching production setup
+  static constexpr uint8_t PSK[32] = {0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB,
+                                      0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB,
+                                      0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB, 0xAB};
+  static constexpr uint8_t PROLOGUE[] = "NoESPHome";
+
+  // Message buffer for handshake exchange (max handshake message ~96 bytes)
+  uint8_t msg_buf[128];
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    NoiseHandshakeState *initiator = nullptr;
+    NoiseHandshakeState *responder = nullptr;
+    NoiseCipherState *init_send = nullptr, *init_recv = nullptr;
+    NoiseCipherState *resp_send = nullptr, *resp_recv = nullptr;
+    int err;
+
+    // Create both handshake states
+    err = noise_handshakestate_new_by_id(&initiator, &nid, NOISE_ROLE_INITIATOR);
+    if (err != NOISE_ERROR_NONE) {
+      state.SkipWithError("Failed to create initiator");
+      return;
+    }
+    err = noise_handshakestate_new_by_id(&responder, &nid, NOISE_ROLE_RESPONDER);
+    if (err != NOISE_ERROR_NONE) {
+      state.SkipWithError("Failed to create responder");
+      noise_handshakestate_free(initiator);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Set PSK and prologue on both sides
+    noise_handshakestate_set_pre_shared_key(initiator, PSK, sizeof(PSK));
+    noise_handshakestate_set_pre_shared_key(responder, PSK, sizeof(PSK));
+    noise_handshakestate_set_prologue(initiator, PROLOGUE, sizeof(PROLOGUE) - 1);
+    noise_handshakestate_set_prologue(responder, PROLOGUE, sizeof(PROLOGUE) - 1);
+
+    noise_handshakestate_start(initiator);
+    noise_handshakestate_start(responder);
+
+    // Message 1: Initiator -> Responder
+    NoiseBuffer write_buf, read_buf;
+    noise_buffer_set_output(write_buf, msg_buf, sizeof(msg_buf));
+    err = noise_handshakestate_write_message(initiator, &write_buf, nullptr);
+    if (err != NOISE_ERROR_NONE) {
+      state.SkipWithError("Initiator write_message failed");
+      noise_handshakestate_free(initiator);
+      noise_handshakestate_free(responder);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    noise_buffer_set_input(read_buf, msg_buf, write_buf.size);
+    err = noise_handshakestate_read_message(responder, &read_buf, nullptr);
+    if (err != NOISE_ERROR_NONE) {
+      state.SkipWithError("Responder read_message failed");
+      noise_handshakestate_free(initiator);
+      noise_handshakestate_free(responder);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Message 2: Responder -> Initiator
+    noise_buffer_set_output(write_buf, msg_buf, sizeof(msg_buf));
+    err = noise_handshakestate_write_message(responder, &write_buf, nullptr);
+    if (err != NOISE_ERROR_NONE) {
+      state.SkipWithError("Responder write_message failed");
+      noise_handshakestate_free(initiator);
+      noise_handshakestate_free(responder);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    noise_buffer_set_input(read_buf, msg_buf, write_buf.size);
+    err = noise_handshakestate_read_message(initiator, &read_buf, nullptr);
+    if (err != NOISE_ERROR_NONE) {
+      state.SkipWithError("Initiator read_message failed");
+      noise_handshakestate_free(initiator);
+      noise_handshakestate_free(responder);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Split to get cipher states
+    err = noise_handshakestate_split(initiator, &init_send, &init_recv);
+    if (err != NOISE_ERROR_NONE) {
+      state.SkipWithError("Initiator split failed");
+      noise_handshakestate_free(initiator);
+      noise_handshakestate_free(responder);
+      return;
+    }
+    err = noise_handshakestate_split(responder, &resp_send, &resp_recv);
+    if (err != NOISE_ERROR_NONE) {
+      state.SkipWithError("Responder split failed");
+      noise_handshakestate_free(initiator);
+      noise_handshakestate_free(responder);
+      noise_cipherstate_free(init_send);
+      noise_cipherstate_free(init_recv);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(init_send);
+
+    // Cleanup
+    noise_handshakestate_free(initiator);
+    noise_handshakestate_free(responder);
+    noise_cipherstate_free(init_send);
+    noise_cipherstate_free(init_recv);
+    noise_cipherstate_free(resp_send);
+    noise_cipherstate_free(resp_recv);
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(NoiseHandshake_Full);
+
+}  // namespace esphome::api::benchmarks
+
+#endif  // USE_API_NOISE

tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_plaintext_frame.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#ifdef USE_API_PLAINTEXT
+
+#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <netinet/tcp.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.h"
+#include "esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h"
+#include "esphome/components/api/api_buffer.h"
+
+namespace esphome::api::benchmarks {
+
+static constexpr int kInnerIterations = 2000;
+
+// Helper to drain accumulated data from the read side of a socket
+// to prevent the write side from blocking.
+static void drain_socket(int fd) {
+  char buf[65536];
+  while (::read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf)) > 0) {
+  }
+}
+
+// Helper to create a TCP loopback connection with an APIPlaintextFrameHelper
+// on the write end. Returns the helper and the read-side fd.
+// Uses real TCP sockets so TCP_NODELAY succeeds during init().
+static std::pair<std::unique_ptr<APIPlaintextFrameHelper>, int> create_plaintext_helper() {
+  // Create a TCP listener on loopback
+  int listen_fd = ::socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+  int opt = 1;
+  ::setsockopt(listen_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &opt, sizeof(opt));
+
+  struct sockaddr_in addr {};
+  addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
+  addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_LOOPBACK);
+  addr.sin_port = 0;  // OS-assigned port
+  ::bind(listen_fd, reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&addr), sizeof(addr));
+  ::listen(listen_fd, 1);
+
+  // Get the assigned port
+  socklen_t addr_len = sizeof(addr);
+  ::getsockname(listen_fd, reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&addr), &addr_len);
+
+  // Connect from client side
+  int write_fd = ::socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+  ::connect(write_fd, reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&addr), sizeof(addr));
+
+  // Accept on server side (this is our read fd)
+  int read_fd = ::accept(listen_fd, nullptr, nullptr);
+  ::close(listen_fd);
+
+  // Make both ends non-blocking
+  int flags = ::fcntl(write_fd, F_GETFL, 0);
+  ::fcntl(write_fd, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK);
+  flags = ::fcntl(read_fd, F_GETFL, 0);
+  ::fcntl(read_fd, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK);
+
+  // Increase socket buffer sizes to reduce drain frequency
+  int bufsize = 1024 * 1024;
+  ::setsockopt(write_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &bufsize, sizeof(bufsize));
+  ::setsockopt(read_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &bufsize, sizeof(bufsize));
+
+  auto sock = std::make_unique<socket::Socket>(write_fd);
+  auto helper = std::make_unique<APIPlaintextFrameHelper>(std::move(sock));
+  helper->init();
+
+  return {std::move(helper), read_fd};
+}
+
+// --- Write a single SensorStateResponse through plaintext framing ---
+// Measures the full write path: header construction, varint encoding,
+// iovec assembly, and socket write.
+
+static void PlaintextFrame_WriteSensorState(benchmark::State &state) {
+  auto [helper, read_fd] = create_plaintext_helper();
+  uint8_t padding = helper->frame_header_padding();
+
+  // Pre-init buffer to typical TCP MSS size to avoid benchmarking
+  // heap allocation — in real use the buffer is reused across writes.
+  APIBuffer buffer;
+  buffer.reserve(1460);
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      buffer.clear();
+      SensorStateResponse msg;
+      msg.key = 0x12345678;
+      msg.state = 23.5f;
+      msg.missing_state = false;
+
+      uint32_t size = msg.calculate_size();
+      buffer.resize(padding + size);
+      ProtoWriteBuffer writer(&buffer, padding);
+      msg.encode(writer);
+
+      helper->write_protobuf_packet(SensorStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, writer);
+
+      if ((i & 0xFF) == 0)
+        drain_socket(read_fd);
+    }
+    drain_socket(read_fd);
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(helper.get());
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+
+  ::close(read_fd);
+}
+BENCHMARK(PlaintextFrame_WriteSensorState);
+
+// --- Write a batch of 5 SensorStateResponses in one call ---
+// Measures batched write: multiple messages assembled into one writev.
+
+static void PlaintextFrame_WriteBatch5(benchmark::State &state) {
+  auto [helper, read_fd] = create_plaintext_helper();
+  uint8_t padding = helper->frame_header_padding();
+  uint8_t footer = helper->frame_footer_size();
+
+  // Pre-init buffer to typical TCP MSS size to avoid benchmarking
+  // heap allocation — in real use the buffer is reused across writes.
+  APIBuffer buffer;
+  buffer.reserve(1460);
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      buffer.clear();
+      MessageInfo messages[5] = {{0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0}};
+
+      for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
+        uint16_t offset = buffer.size();
+        SensorStateResponse msg;
+        msg.key = static_cast<uint32_t>(j);
+        msg.state = 23.5f + static_cast<float>(j);
+        msg.missing_state = false;
+
+        uint32_t size = msg.calculate_size();
+        buffer.resize(offset + padding + size + footer);
+        ProtoWriteBuffer writer(&buffer, offset + padding);
+        msg.encode(writer);
+
+        messages[j] = MessageInfo(SensorStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, offset, size);
+      }
+
+      helper->write_protobuf_messages(ProtoWriteBuffer(&buffer, 0), std::span<const MessageInfo>(messages, 5));
+
+      if ((i & 0xFF) == 0)
+        drain_socket(read_fd);
+    }
+    drain_socket(read_fd);
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(helper.get());
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+
+  ::close(read_fd);
+}
+BENCHMARK(PlaintextFrame_WriteBatch5);
+
+}  // namespace esphome::api::benchmarks
+
+#endif  // USE_API_PLAINTEXT

tests/benchmarks/components/api/benchmark.yaml

@@ -108,6 +108,7 @@ esphome:
       area_id: area_20
 
 api:
+  encryption:
 sensor:
 binary_sensor:
 light:

tests/benchmarks/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
+
+
+def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
+    manifest.enable_codegen()

tests/benchmarks/components/binary_sensor/bench_binary_sensor_publish.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
+
+namespace esphome::binary_sensor::benchmarks {
+
+static constexpr int kInnerIterations = 2000;
+
+// Benchmark: publish_state with alternating values (forces state change every time)
+static void BinarySensorPublish_Alternating(benchmark::State &state) {
+  BinarySensor sensor;
+
+  // First publish to establish initial state
+  sensor.publish_initial_state(false);
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      sensor.publish_state(i % 2 == 0);
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(sensor.state);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(BinarySensorPublish_Alternating);
+
+// Benchmark: publish_state with same value (tests dedup fast path)
+static void BinarySensorPublish_NoChange(benchmark::State &state) {
+  BinarySensor sensor;
+
+  sensor.publish_initial_state(true);
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      sensor.publish_state(true);
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(sensor.state);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(BinarySensorPublish_NoChange);
+
+// Benchmark: publish_state with a callback registered
+static void BinarySensorPublish_WithCallback(benchmark::State &state) {
+  BinarySensor sensor;
+
+  int callback_count = 0;
+  sensor.add_on_state_callback([&callback_count](bool) { callback_count++; });
+
+  sensor.publish_initial_state(false);
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      sensor.publish_state(i % 2 == 0);
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(callback_count);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(BinarySensorPublish_WithCallback);
+
+}  // namespace esphome::binary_sensor::benchmarks

tests/benchmarks/components/binary_sensor/benchmark.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+binary_sensor:

tests/benchmarks/components/mdns/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
+
+
+def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
+    manifest.enable_codegen()

tests/benchmarks/components/network/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
+
+
+def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
+    manifest.enable_codegen()

tests/benchmarks/components/sensor/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
+
+
+def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
+    # Sensor filter benchmarks need USE_SENSOR_FILTER defined.
+    # We use a custom to_code instead of enable_codegen() to avoid
+    # pulling in the full sensor component setup.
+    async def to_code(config):
+        cg.add_define("USE_SENSOR_FILTER")
+
+    manifest.to_code = to_code

tests/benchmarks/components/sensor/bench_sensor_filter.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
+#include "esphome/components/sensor/filter.h"
+
+namespace esphome::sensor::benchmarks {
+
+static constexpr int kInnerIterations = 2000;
+
+// Benchmark: sensor publish through a SlidingWindowMovingAverageFilter (window=5, send_every=1)
+static void SensorFilter_SlidingWindowAvg(benchmark::State &state) {
+  Sensor sensor;
+
+  // Create filter: window_size=5, send_every=1, send_first_at=1
+  auto *filter = new SlidingWindowMovingAverageFilter(5, 1, 1);
+  sensor.add_filter(filter);
+
+  float value = 0.0f;
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      sensor.publish_state(value);
+      value += 0.1f;
+      if (value > 1000.0f)
+        value = 0.0f;
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(sensor.state);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(SensorFilter_SlidingWindowAvg);
+
+// Benchmark: sensor publish through ExponentialMovingAverageFilter
+static void SensorFilter_ExponentialMovingAvg(benchmark::State &state) {
+  Sensor sensor;
+
+  // alpha=0.1, send_every=1, send_first_at=1
+  auto *filter = new ExponentialMovingAverageFilter(0.1f, 1, 1);
+  sensor.add_filter(filter);
+
+  float value = 0.0f;
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      sensor.publish_state(value);
+      value += 0.1f;
+      if (value > 1000.0f)
+        value = 0.0f;
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(sensor.state);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(SensorFilter_ExponentialMovingAvg);
+
+// Benchmark: sensor publish through a chain of 3 filters (offset + multiply + sliding window)
+static void SensorFilter_Chain3(benchmark::State &state) {
+  Sensor sensor;
+
+  sensor.add_filters({
+      new OffsetFilter(1.0f),
+      new MultiplyFilter(2.0f),
+      new SlidingWindowMovingAverageFilter(5, 1, 1),
+  });
+
+  float value = 0.0f;
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      sensor.publish_state(value);
+      value += 0.1f;
+      if (value > 1000.0f)
+        value = 0.0f;
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(sensor.state);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(SensorFilter_Chain3);
+
+}  // namespace esphome::sensor::benchmarks

tests/benchmarks/components/sensor/bench_sensor_publish.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
+
+namespace esphome::benchmarks {
+
+// Inner iteration count to amortize CodSpeed instrumentation overhead.
+// Without this, the ~60ns per-iteration valgrind start/stop cost dominates
+// sub-microsecond benchmarks.
+static constexpr int kInnerIterations = 2000;
+
+// Test subclass to access protected configure_entity_() for benchmark setup.
+class TestSensor : public sensor::Sensor {
+ public:
+  void configure(const char *name) { this->configure_entity_(name, 0x12345678, 0); }
+};
+
+// --- Sensor::publish_state() with no callbacks registered ---
+// Measures baseline publish overhead: state assignment, logging,
+// internal_send_state_to_frontend, ControllerRegistry notification.
+
+static void SensorPublish_NoCallbacks(benchmark::State &state) {
+  TestSensor sensor;
+  sensor.configure("test_sensor");
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      sensor.publish_state(static_cast<float>(i));
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(sensor.state);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(SensorPublish_NoCallbacks);
+
+// --- Sensor::publish_state() with one state callback ---
+// Measures callback dispatch overhead through LazyCallbackManager.
+
+static void SensorPublish_WithCallback(benchmark::State &state) {
+  TestSensor sensor;
+  sensor.configure("test_sensor");
+
+  float callback_value = 0.0f;
+  sensor.add_on_state_callback([&callback_value](float value) { callback_value = value; });
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      sensor.publish_state(static_cast<float>(i));
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(callback_value);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(SensorPublish_WithCallback);
+
+// --- Sensor::publish_state() with the same value every time ---
+// Steady-state pattern: sensor reports an unchanged reading.
+// Sensor doesn't dedup today, so this exercises the same code path
+// as changing values, but tracks the common real-world pattern
+// separately for regression detection.
+
+static void SensorPublish_SameValue(benchmark::State &state) {
+  TestSensor sensor;
+  sensor.configure("test_sensor");
+
+  // Warm up so has_state is already set
+  sensor.publish_state(23.5f);
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      sensor.publish_state(23.5f);
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(sensor.state);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(SensorPublish_SameValue);
+
+}  // namespace esphome::benchmarks

tests/benchmarks/components/sensor/benchmark.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+sensor:

tests/benchmarks/components/socket/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
+
+
+def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
+    # socket must run its to_code to define USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS
+    # which is needed by the api frame helper benchmarks.
+    manifest.enable_codegen()

tests/component_tests/binary_sensor/test_binary_sensor.py

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ def test_binary_sensor_is_setup(generate_main):
     )
 
     # Then
-    assert "new gpio::GPIOBinarySensor();" in main_cpp
+    assert "static gpio::GPIOBinarySensor *const" in main_cpp
     assert "App.register_binary_sensor" in main_cpp
 
 

tests/component_tests/button/test_button.py

@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ def test_button_is_setup(generate_main):
     main_cpp = generate_main("tests/component_tests/button/test_button.yaml")
 
     # Then
-    assert "new wake_on_lan::WakeOnLanButton();" in main_cpp
+    assert "static wake_on_lan::WakeOnLanButton *const" in main_cpp
+    assert ") wake_on_lan::WakeOnLanButton();" in main_cpp
     assert "App.register_button" in main_cpp
     assert "App.register_component" in main_cpp
 

tests/component_tests/conftest.py

@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ def generate_main() -> Generator[Callable[[str | Path], str]]:
         CORE.config_path = Path(path)
         CORE.config = read_config({})
         generate_cpp_contents(CORE.config)
-        return CORE.cpp_main_section
+        return CORE.cpp_global_section + CORE.cpp_main_section
 
     yield generator
 

tests/component_tests/deep_sleep/test_deep_sleep.py

@@ -7,7 +7,11 @@ def test_deep_sleep_setup(generate_main):
     """
     main_cpp = generate_main("tests/component_tests/deep_sleep/test_deep_sleep1.yaml")
 
-    assert "deepsleep = new deep_sleep::DeepSleepComponent();" in main_cpp
+    assert (
+        "static deep_sleep::DeepSleepComponent *const deepsleep = reinterpret_cast<deep_sleep::DeepSleepComponent *>(deep_sleep__deepsleep__pstorage);"
+        in main_cpp
+    )
+    assert "new(deepsleep) deep_sleep::DeepSleepComponent();" in main_cpp
     assert "App.register_component_(deepsleep);" in main_cpp
 
 

tests/component_tests/globals/config/globals_test.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+
+globals:
+  - id: my_global_int
+    type: int
+    initial_value: "42"
+  - id: my_global_float
+    type: float
+    initial_value: "1.5"
+  - id: my_global_bool
+    type: bool
+    initial_value: "true"

tests/component_tests/globals/test_globals.py

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+"""Tests for the globals component."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+
+
+def test_globals_placement_new_with_template_args(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    """Test that globals uses placement new with template arguments preserved."""
+    main_cpp = generate_main(component_config_path("globals_test.yaml"))
+
+    # Globals uses Pvariable with Type.new(template_args, initial_value)
+    # which exercises the template_args preservation in placement new.
+    assert "static globals::GlobalsComponent<int> *const my_global_int" in main_cpp
+    assert "sizeof(globals::GlobalsComponent<int>)" in main_cpp
+    assert "new(my_global_int) globals::GlobalsComponent<int>" in main_cpp
+
+    # Verify initial value is passed as constructor arg
+    assert "42" in main_cpp
+
+    # Check other globals are also generated
+    assert "sizeof(globals::GlobalsComponent<float>)" in main_cpp
+    assert "sizeof(globals::GlobalsComponent<bool>)" in main_cpp

tests/component_tests/gpio/test_gpio_binary_sensor.py

@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ def test_gpio_binary_sensor_basic_setup(
     """
     main_cpp = generate_main("tests/component_tests/gpio/test_gpio_binary_sensor.yaml")
 
-    assert "new gpio::GPIOBinarySensor();" in main_cpp
+    assert "static gpio::GPIOBinarySensor *const" in main_cpp
+    assert ") gpio::GPIOBinarySensor();" in main_cpp
     assert "App.register_binary_sensor" in main_cpp
     # set_use_interrupt(true) should NOT be generated (uses C++ default)
     assert "bs_gpio->set_use_interrupt(true);" not in main_cpp

tests/component_tests/image/test_init.py

@@ -242,7 +242,15 @@ def test_image_generation(
     main_cpp = generate_main(component_config_path("image_test.yaml"))
     assert "uint8_t_id[] PROGMEM = {0x24, 0x21, 0x24, 0x21" in main_cpp
     assert (
-        "cat_img = new image::Image(uint8_t_id, 32, 24, image::IMAGE_TYPE_RGB565, image::TRANSPARENCY_OPAQUE);"
+        "alignas(image::Image) static unsigned char image__cat_img__pstorage[sizeof(image::Image)];"
+        in main_cpp
+    )
+    assert (
+        "static image::Image *const cat_img = reinterpret_cast<image::Image *>(image__cat_img__pstorage);"
+        in main_cpp
+    )
+    assert (
+        "new(cat_img) image::Image(uint8_t_id, 32, 24, image::IMAGE_TYPE_RGB565, image::TRANSPARENCY_OPAQUE);"
         in main_cpp
     )
 

tests/component_tests/logger/test_logger.py

@@ -22,6 +22,10 @@ def test_logger_pre_setup_before_other_components(generate_main):
 
     # Find all "new " allocations (component creation)
     new_allocations = list(re.finditer(r"\bnew [\w:]+", main_cpp))
+    # Find all "new(" allocations (component creation) and combine them
+    new_allocations.extend(re.finditer(r"\bnew\([^)]+\) [\w:]+", main_cpp))
+    # Sort allocations by position in the file
+    new_allocations.sort(key=lambda m: m.start())
     assert len(new_allocations) > 0, "No component allocations found"
 
     # Separate logger and non-logger allocations

tests/component_tests/mipi_dsi/test_mipi_dsi_config.py

@@ -119,7 +119,15 @@ def test_code_generation(
 
     main_cpp = generate_main(component_fixture_path("mipi_dsi.yaml"))
     assert (
-        "p4_nano = new mipi_dsi::MIPI_DSI(800, 1280, display::COLOR_BITNESS_565, 16);"
+        "alignas(mipi_dsi::MIPI_DSI) static unsigned char mipi_dsi__p4_nano__pstorage[sizeof(mipi_dsi::MIPI_DSI)];"
+        in main_cpp
+    )
+    assert (
+        "static mipi_dsi::MIPI_DSI *const p4_nano = reinterpret_cast<mipi_dsi::MIPI_DSI *>(mipi_dsi__p4_nano__pstorage);"
+        in main_cpp
+    )
+    assert (
+        "new(p4_nano) mipi_dsi::MIPI_DSI(800, 1280, display::COLOR_BITNESS_565, 16);"
         in main_cpp
     )
     assert "set_init_sequence({224, 1, 0, 225, 1, 147, 226, 1," in main_cpp

tests/component_tests/packages/test_init.py

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ def test_packages_skip_update_false(
     }
 
     # Call with skip_update=False (default)
-    do_packages_pass(config, skip_update=False)
+    do_packages_pass(config, command_line_substitutions={}, skip_update=False)
 
     # Verify clone_or_update was called with actual refresh value
     mock_clone_or_update.assert_called_once()
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ def test_packages_default_no_skip(
     }
 
     # Call without skip_update parameter
-    do_packages_pass(config)
+    do_packages_pass(config, command_line_substitutions={})
 
     # Verify clone_or_update was called with actual refresh value
     mock_clone_or_update.assert_called_once()

tests/component_tests/packages/test_packages.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 import pytest
 
 from esphome.components.packages import CONFIG_SCHEMA, do_packages_pass, merge_packages
+from esphome.components.substitutions import do_substitution_pass
 import esphome.config as config_module
 from esphome.config import resolve_extend_remove
 from esphome.config_helpers import Extend, Remove
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
 from esphome.util import OrderedDict
+from esphome.yaml_util import add_context
 
 # Test strings
 TEST_DEVICE_NAME = "test_device_name"
@@ -69,8 +71,9 @@ def fixture_basic_esphome():
 
 
 def packages_pass(config):
-    """Wrapper around packages_pass that also resolves Extend and Remove."""
+    """Passes the config through the packages processing steps."""
     config = do_packages_pass(config)
+    config = do_substitution_pass(config)
     config = merge_packages(config)
     resolve_extend_remove(config)
     return config
@@ -703,6 +706,85 @@ def test_remote_packages_with_files_list(
     assert actual == expected
 
 
+@patch("esphome.yaml_util.load_yaml")
+@patch("pathlib.Path.is_file")
+@patch("esphome.git.clone_or_update")
+def test_remote_packages_with_files_list_and_substitutions(
+    mock_clone_or_update, mock_is_file, mock_load_yaml
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Ensures that packages are loaded as mixed list of dictionary and strings
+    """
+    # Mock the response from git.clone_or_update
+    mock_revert = MagicMock()
+    mock_clone_or_update.return_value = (Path("/tmp/noexists"), mock_revert)
+
+    # Mock the response from pathlib.Path.is_file
+    mock_is_file.return_value = True
+
+    # Mock the response from esphome.yaml_util.load_yaml
+    mock_load_yaml.side_effect = [
+        OrderedDict(
+            {
+                CONF_SENSOR: [
+                    {
+                        CONF_PLATFORM: TEST_SENSOR_PLATFORM_1,
+                        CONF_NAME: TEST_SENSOR_NAME_1,
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ),
+        OrderedDict(
+            {
+                CONF_SENSOR: [
+                    {
+                        CONF_PLATFORM: TEST_SENSOR_PLATFORM_1,
+                        CONF_NAME: TEST_SENSOR_NAME_2,
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        ),
+    ]
+
+    # Define the input config
+    config = {
+        CONF_PACKAGES: {
+            "package1": add_context(
+                {
+                    CONF_URL: r"${url}",
+                    CONF_REF: r"${branch}",
+                    CONF_FILES: [
+                        {CONF_PATH: r"$file"},
+                        "sensor2.yaml",
+                    ],
+                    CONF_REFRESH: "1d",
+                },
+                {
+                    "branch": "main",
+                    "file": TEST_YAML_FILENAME,
+                    "url": "https://github.com/esphome/non-existant-repo",
+                },
+            )
+        }
+    }
+
+    expected = {
+        CONF_SENSOR: [
+            {
+                CONF_PLATFORM: TEST_SENSOR_PLATFORM_1,
+                CONF_NAME: TEST_SENSOR_NAME_1,
+            },
+            {
+                CONF_PLATFORM: TEST_SENSOR_PLATFORM_1,
+                CONF_NAME: TEST_SENSOR_NAME_2,
+            },
+        ]
+    }
+
+    actual = packages_pass(config)
+    assert actual == expected
+
+
 @patch("esphome.yaml_util.load_yaml")
 @patch("pathlib.Path.is_file")
 @patch("esphome.git.clone_or_update")
@@ -904,7 +986,7 @@ def test_packages_merge_substitutions() -> None:
         },
     }
 
-    actual = do_packages_pass(config)
+    actual = do_packages_pass(config, command_line_substitutions={})
     assert actual == expected
 
 
@@ -968,33 +1050,107 @@ def test_package_merge() -> None:
     assert actual == expected
 
 
+def test_packages_invalid_type_raises() -> None:
+    """Packages that are not a dict or list raise cv.Invalid."""
+    config = {
+        CONF_PACKAGES: "not_a_dict_or_list",
+    }
+    with pytest.raises(
+        cv.Invalid, match="Packages must be a key to value mapping or list"
+    ):
+        do_packages_pass(config)
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "invalid_package",
     [
         6,
         "some string",
-        ["some string"],
-        None,
         True,
-        {"some_component": 8},
-        {3: 2},
-        {"some_component": r"${unevaluated expression}"},
     ],
 )
-def test_package_merge_invalid(invalid_package) -> None:
-    """
-    Tests that trying to merge an invalid package raises an error.
-    """
+def test_invalid_package_contents_rejected(invalid_package: object) -> None:
+    """Invalid package contents are rejected by PACKAGE_SCHEMA during do_packages_pass."""
     config = {
         CONF_PACKAGES: {
             "some_package": invalid_package,
         },
     }
-
     with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid):
+        do_packages_pass(config)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.xfail(
+    reason="Deprecated single-package fallback swallows these errors. "
+    "Remove xfail when single-package deprecation is removed (2026.7.0).",
+    strict=True,
+)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "invalid_package",
+    [
+        None,
+        ["some string"],
+        {"some_component": 8},
+        {3: 2},
+    ],
+)
+def test_invalid_package_contents_masked_by_deprecation(
+    invalid_package: object,
+) -> None:
+    """These invalid packages are swallowed by the deprecated single-package fallback."""
+    config = {
+        CONF_PACKAGES: {
+            "some_package": invalid_package,
+        },
+    }
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid):
+        do_packages_pass(config)
+
+
+def test_merge_packages_invalid_nested_type_raises() -> None:
+    """Invalid nested packages type during merge raises cv.Invalid."""
+    config = {
+        CONF_PACKAGES: {
+            "pkg": {
+                CONF_PACKAGES: "invalid",
+            },
+        },
+    }
+    with pytest.raises(
+        cv.Invalid, match="Packages must be a key to value mapping or list"
+    ):
         merge_packages(config)
 
 
+@patch("esphome.yaml_util.load_yaml")
+@patch("pathlib.Path.is_file")
+@patch("esphome.git.clone_or_update")
+def test_remote_packages_no_revert(
+    mock_clone_or_update, mock_is_file, mock_load_yaml
+) -> None:
+    """Remote packages with revert=None load without retry logic."""
+    mock_clone_or_update.return_value = (Path("/tmp/noexists"), None)
+    mock_is_file.return_value = True
+    mock_load_yaml.return_value = OrderedDict(
+        {CONF_SENSOR: [{CONF_PLATFORM: TEST_SENSOR_PLATFORM_1, CONF_NAME: "test"}]}
+    )
+
+    config = {
+        CONF_PACKAGES: {
+            "pkg": {
+                CONF_URL: "https://github.com/esphome/repo",
+                CONF_REF: "main",
+                CONF_FILES: [{CONF_PATH: "file.yaml"}],
+                CONF_REFRESH: "1d",
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    actual = packages_pass(config)
+    assert actual[CONF_SENSOR] == [
+        {CONF_PLATFORM: TEST_SENSOR_PLATFORM_1, CONF_NAME: "test"}
+    ]
+
+
 def test_raw_config_contains_merged_esphome_from_package(tmp_path) -> None:
     """Test that CORE.raw_config contains esphome section from merged package.
 

tests/component_tests/status_led/config/status_led_test.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+
+status_led:
+  pin: GPIO2

tests/component_tests/status_led/test_status_led.py

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+"""Tests for status_led."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+
+
+def test_status_led_generation(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    """Test status_led generation."""
+    main_cpp = generate_main(component_config_path("status_led_test.yaml"))
+    assert (
+        "alignas(status_led::StatusLED) static unsigned char status_led__status_led_statusled_id__pstorage[sizeof(status_led::StatusLED)];"
+        in main_cpp
+    )
+    assert (
+        "static status_led::StatusLED *const status_led_statusled_id = reinterpret_cast<status_led::StatusLED *>(status_led__status_led_statusled_id__pstorage);"
+        in main_cpp
+    )
+    assert "new(status_led_statusled_id) status_led::StatusLED(" in main_cpp

tests/component_tests/text/test_text.py

@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ def test_text_is_setup(generate_main):
     main_cpp = generate_main("tests/component_tests/text/test_text.yaml")
 
     # Then
-    assert "new template_::TemplateText();" in main_cpp
+    assert "static template_::TemplateText *const" in main_cpp
+    assert ") template_::TemplateText();" in main_cpp
     assert "App.register_text" in main_cpp
 
 

tests/component_tests/text_sensor/test_text_sensor.py

@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ def test_text_sensor_is_setup(generate_main):
     main_cpp = generate_main("tests/component_tests/text_sensor/test_text_sensor.yaml")
 
     # Then
-    assert "new template_::TemplateTextSensor();" in main_cpp
+    assert "static template_::TemplateTextSensor *const" in main_cpp
+    assert ") template_::TemplateTextSensor();" in main_cpp
     assert "App.register_text_sensor" in main_cpp
 
 

tests/components/esp32/test.esp32-idf.yaml

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ esp32:
       disable_mbedtls_pkcs7: true
       disable_regi2c_in_iram: true
       disable_fatfs: true
+      sram1_as_iram: true
 
 wifi:
   ssid: MySSID

tests/components/ethernet/common-enc28j60-rp2040.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+ethernet:
+  type: ENC28J60
+  clk_pin: 18
+  mosi_pin: 19
+  miso_pin: 16
+  cs_pin: 17
+  interrupt_pin: 21
+  reset_pin: 20
+  manual_ip:
+    static_ip: 192.168.178.56
+    gateway: 192.168.178.1
+    subnet: 255.255.255.0
+  domain: .local
+  mac_address: "02:AA:BB:CC:DD:01"
+  on_connect:
+    - logger.log: "Ethernet connected!"
+  on_disconnect:
+    - logger.log: "Ethernet disconnected!"

tests/components/ethernet/common-enc28j60.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+ethernet:
+  type: ENC28J60
+  clk_pin: 19
+  mosi_pin: 21
+  miso_pin: 23
+  cs_pin: 18
+  interrupt_pin: 36
+  reset_pin: 22
+  clock_speed: 10Mhz
+  manual_ip:
+    static_ip: 192.168.178.56
+    gateway: 192.168.178.1
+    subnet: 255.255.255.0
+  domain: .local
+  mac_address: "02:AA:BB:CC:DD:01"
+  on_connect:
+    - logger.log: "Ethernet connected!"
+  on_disconnect:
+    - logger.log: "Ethernet disconnected!"

tests/components/ethernet/common-w5100-rp2040.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+ethernet:
+  type: W5100
+  clk_pin: 18
+  mosi_pin: 19
+  miso_pin: 16
+  cs_pin: 17
+  interrupt_pin: 21
+  reset_pin: 20
+  manual_ip:
+    static_ip: 192.168.178.56
+    gateway: 192.168.178.1
+    subnet: 255.255.255.0
+  domain: .local
+  mac_address: "02:AA:BB:CC:DD:01"
+  on_connect:
+    - logger.log: "Ethernet connected!"
+  on_disconnect:
+    - logger.log: "Ethernet disconnected!"

tests/components/ethernet/test-enc28j60.esp32-idf.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<<: !include common-enc28j60.yaml

tests/components/ethernet/test-enc28j60.rp2040-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<<: !include common-enc28j60-rp2040.yaml

tests/components/ethernet/test-w5100.rp2040-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<<: !include common-w5100-rp2040.yaml

tests/components/ir_rf_proxy/common-rx.yaml

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ infrared:
   - platform: ir_rf_proxy
     id: ir_rx
     name: "IR Receiver"
+    receiver_frequency: 38kHz
     remote_receiver_id: ir_receiver
 
   # RF 900MHz receiver

tests/components/ld2450/common.h

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class MockUARTComponent : public uart::UARTComponent {
   MOCK_METHOD(bool, read_array, (uint8_t * data, size_t len), (override));
   MOCK_METHOD(bool, peek_byte, (uint8_t * data), (override));
   MOCK_METHOD(size_t, available, (), (override));
-  MOCK_METHOD(uart::FlushResult, flush, (), (override));
+  MOCK_METHOD(uart::UARTFlushResult, flush, (), (override));
   MOCK_METHOD(void, check_logger_conflict, (), (override));
 };
 

tests/components/lvgl/lvgl-package.yaml

@@ -37,11 +37,12 @@ lvgl:
   on_resume:
     logger.log: LVGL has resumed
   on_boot:
-    logger.log: LVGL has started
+    - logger.log: LVGL has started
+    - lvgl.indicator.update:
+        id: meter_arc_indicator
+        start_value: 0
+        end_value: 180
   bg_color: light_blue
-  disp_bg_color: color_id
-  disp_bg_image: cat_image
-  disp_bg_opa: cover
   bottom_layer:
     widgets:
       - obj:
@@ -54,7 +55,6 @@ lvgl:
   gradients:
     - id: color_bar
       direction: hor
-      # dither: err_diff
       stops:
         - color: 0xFF0000
           position: 0
@@ -139,12 +139,11 @@ lvgl:
       body:
         text: This is a sample messagebox
         bg_color: 0x808080
-      button_style:
-        bg_color: 0xff00
-        border_width: 4
       buttons:
         - id: msgbox_button
           text: Button
+          bg_color: 0x00ff00
+          border_width: 4
         - id: msgbox_apply
           text: "Close"
           on_click:
@@ -156,8 +155,8 @@ lvgl:
                   bg_opa: !lambda return 0.5;
               - lvgl.image.update:
                   id: lv_image
-                  zoom: !lambda return 512;
-                  angle: !lambda return 100;
+                  scale: !lambda return 512;
+                  rotation: !lambda return 100;
                   pivot_x: !lambda return 20;
                   pivot_y: !lambda return 20;
                   offset_x: !lambda return 20;
@@ -283,8 +282,8 @@ lvgl:
               then:
                 - lvgl.animimg.stop: anim_img
                 - lvgl.update:
-                    disp_bg_color: 0xffff00
-                    disp_bg_image: none
+                    bottom_layer:
+                      bg_color: 0xffff00
                 - lvgl.widget.show: message_box
         - label:
             text: "Hello shiny day"
@@ -357,8 +356,6 @@ lvgl:
             pad_right: 10px
             pad_top: 10px
             shadow_color: light_blue
-            shadow_ofs_x: 5
-            shadow_ofs_y: 5
             shadow_opa: cover
             shadow_spread: 5
             shadow_width: 10
@@ -369,12 +366,10 @@ lvgl:
             text_letter_space: 4
             text_line_space: 4
             text_opa: cover
-            transform_angle: 180
             transform_rotation: 90
             transform_height: 100
             transform_pivot_x: 50%
             transform_pivot_y: 50%
-            transform_zoom: 0.5
             transform_scale: 2.0
             transform_scale_x: 1.5
             transform_scale_y: 0.8
@@ -466,11 +461,11 @@ lvgl:
             id: button_button
             width: 20%
             height: 10%
-            transform_angle: !lambda return(180*100);
+            transform_rotation: !lambda return(180*100);
             arc_width: !lambda return 4;
             border_width: !lambda return 6;
-            shadow_ofs_x: !lambda return 6;
-            shadow_ofs_y: !lambda return 6;
+            shadow_offset_x: !lambda return 6;
+            shadow_offset_y: !lambda return 6;
             shadow_spread: !lambda return 6;
             shadow_width: !lambda return 6;
             pressed:
@@ -642,8 +637,8 @@ lvgl:
                   border_opa: 80%
                   shadow_color: black
                   shadow_width: 10
-                  shadow_ofs_x: 5
-                  shadow_ofs_y: 5
+                  shadow_offset_x: 5
+                  shadow_offset_y: 5
                   shadow_spread: 4
                   shadow_opa: cover
                   outline_color: red
@@ -1110,6 +1105,12 @@ lvgl:
                                 color: 0xA0A0A0
                                 length: 80%
                                 opa: 0%
+                            - arc:
+                                id: meter_arc_indicator
+                                color: 0xFF0000
+                                width: 6
+                                start_value: 0
+                                end_value: 360
     - id: page3
       layout: Horizontal
       pad_all: 6px

tests/components/nextion/common.yaml

@@ -273,26 +273,39 @@ text_sensor:
 display:
   - platform: nextion
     id: main_lcd
+    auto_wake_on_touch: true
+    brightness: 80%
+    command_spacing: 5ms
+    dump_device_info: true
+    exit_reparse_on_start: true
+    lambda: |-
+        ESP_LOGD("display","Display is being tested!");
     max_commands_per_loop: 20
+    max_queue_age: 5000ms         # Remove queue items after 5s
     max_queue_size: 50
-    update_interval: 5s
-    on_sleep:
-      then:
-        lambda: 'ESP_LOGD("display","Display went to sleep");'
-    on_wake:
-      then:
-        lambda: 'ESP_LOGD("display","Display woke up");'
-    on_setup:
-      then:
-        lambda: 'ESP_LOGD("display","Display setup completed");'
-    on_page:
-      then:
-        lambda: 'ESP_LOGD("display","Display shows new page %u", x);'
     on_buffer_overflow:
       then:
         logger.log: "Nextion reported a buffer overflow!"
-
-    command_spacing: 5ms
-    dump_device_info: true
-    max_queue_age: 5000ms         # Remove queue items after 5s
+    on_page:
+      then:
+        lambda: 'ESP_LOGD("display","Display shows new page %u", x);'
+    on_setup:
+      then:
+        lambda: 'ESP_LOGD("display","Display setup completed");'
+    on_sleep:
+      then:
+        lambda: 'ESP_LOGD("display","Display went to sleep");'
+    on_touch:
+      then:
+        lambda: |-
+            ESP_LOGD("display",
+                "Display was touched at page %u, component %u, touch event: %s",
+                page_id, component_id, touch_event ? "press" : "release");
+    on_wake:
+      then:
+        lambda: 'ESP_LOGD("display","Display woke up");'
+    update_interval: 5s
+    start_up_page: 1
     startup_override_ms: 10000ms  # Wait 10s for display ready
+    touch_sleep_timeout: 3
+    wake_up_page: 2

tests/components/number/common.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+number:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Test Number"
+    id: test_number
+    optimistic: true
+    min_value: 0
+    max_value: 100
+    step: 1
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: number
+    name: "Test Number Value"
+    source_id: test_number

tests/components/number/test.esp32-idf.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+packages:
+  common: !include common.yaml

tests/components/number/test.esp8266-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+packages:
+  common: !include common.yaml

tests/components/packet_transport/binary_sensor/binary_sensor_test.cpp

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ namespace esphome::packet_transport::testing {
 TEST(PacketTransportBinarySensorTest, AddBinarySensor) {
   TestablePacketTransport transport;
   binary_sensor::BinarySensor bs;
+  transport.set_binary_sensor_count(1);
   transport.add_binary_sensor("motion", &bs);
   ASSERT_EQ(transport.binary_sensors_.size(), 1u);
   EXPECT_STREQ(transport.binary_sensors_[0].id, "motion");
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ TEST(PacketTransportBinarySensorTest, UnencryptedBinarySensorRoundTrip) {
   encoder.init_for_test("sender");
   binary_sensor::BinarySensor local_bs;
   local_bs.state = true;
+  encoder.set_binary_sensor_count(1);
   encoder.add_binary_sensor("motion", &local_bs);
 
   encoder.send_data_(true);
@@ -46,11 +48,13 @@ TEST(PacketTransportBinarySensorTest, MultipleSensorsRoundTrip) {
   sensor::Sensor s1, s2;
   s1.state = 10.0f;
   s2.state = 20.0f;
+  encoder.set_sensor_count(2);
   encoder.add_sensor("s1", &s1);
   encoder.add_sensor("s2", &s2);
 
   binary_sensor::BinarySensor bs1;
   bs1.state = true;
+  encoder.set_binary_sensor_count(1);
   encoder.add_binary_sensor("bs1", &bs1);
 
   encoder.send_data_(true);

tests/components/packet_transport/sensor/sensor_test.cpp

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ namespace esphome::packet_transport::testing {
 TEST(PacketTransportSensorTest, AddSensor) {
   TestablePacketTransport transport;
   sensor::Sensor s;
+  transport.set_sensor_count(1);
   transport.add_sensor("temp", &s);
   ASSERT_EQ(transport.sensors_.size(), 1u);
   EXPECT_STREQ(transport.sensors_[0].id, "temp");
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ TEST(PacketTransportSensorTest, UnencryptedSensorRoundTrip) {
   encoder.init_for_test("sender");
   sensor::Sensor local_sensor;
   local_sensor.state = 42.5f;
+  encoder.set_sensor_count(1);
   encoder.add_sensor("temp", &local_sensor);
 
   encoder.send_data_(true);
@@ -53,6 +55,7 @@ TEST(PacketTransportSensorTest, EncryptedSensorRoundTrip) {
   encoder.set_encryption_key(key);
   sensor::Sensor local_sensor;
   local_sensor.state = 99.9f;
+  encoder.set_sensor_count(1);
   encoder.add_sensor("temp", &local_sensor);
 
   encoder.send_data_(true);
@@ -77,6 +80,7 @@ TEST(PacketTransportSensorTest, SendDataOnlyUpdated) {
   sensor::Sensor s1, s2;
   s1.state = 1.0f;
   s2.state = 2.0f;
+  encoder.set_sensor_count(2);
   encoder.add_sensor("s1", &s1);
   encoder.add_sensor("s2", &s2);
 
@@ -111,6 +115,7 @@ TEST(PacketTransportSensorTest, PingKeyIncludedInTransmittedPacket) {
   responder.set_encryption_key(key);
   sensor::Sensor local_sensor;
   local_sensor.state = 77.7f;
+  responder.set_sensor_count(1);
   responder.add_sensor("temp", &local_sensor);
 
   // Requester sends a MAGIC_PING that the responder processes
@@ -148,6 +153,7 @@ TEST(PacketTransportSensorTest, MissingPingKeyBlocksSensorData) {
   responder.set_encryption_key(key);
   sensor::Sensor local_sensor;
   local_sensor.state = 77.7f;
+  responder.set_sensor_count(1);
   responder.add_sensor("temp", &local_sensor);
   responder.send_data_(true);
   ASSERT_EQ(responder.sent_packets.size(), 1u);

tests/components/sht4x/common.yaml

@@ -6,4 +6,8 @@ sensor:
     humidity:
       name: SHT4X Humidity
     address: 0x44
+    precision: High
+    heater_max_duty: 0.02
+    heater_power: High
+    heater_time: Long
     update_interval: 15s

tests/components/spa06_i2c/common.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: spa06_i2c
+    i2c_id: i2c_bus
+    address: 0x77
+    temperature:
+      id: spa06_i2c_temperature
+      name: Outside Temperature
+      sample_rate: 1
+      oversampling: NONE
+    pressure:
+      name: Outside Pressure
+      id: spa06_i2c_pressure
+      sample_rate: 25p4
+      oversampling: 16X
+    update_interval: 15s

tests/components/spa06_i2c/test.esp32-idf.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml

tests/components/spa06_i2c/test.esp8266-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp8266-ard.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml

tests/components/spa06_i2c/test.rp2040-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/rp2040-ard.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml

tests/components/spa06_spi/common.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: spa06_spi
+    spi_id: spi_bus
+    cs_pin: ${cs_pin}
+    temperature:
+      id: spa06_spi_temperature
+      name: Outside Temperature
+      sample_rate: 1
+      oversampling: NONE
+    pressure:
+      name: Outside Pressure
+      id: spa06_spi_pressure
+      sample_rate: 25p4
+      oversampling: 16X
+    update_interval: 15s

tests/components/spa06_spi/test.esp32-idf.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+substitutions:
+  cs_pin: GPIO5
+
+packages:
+  spi: !include ../../test_build_components/common/spi/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml

tests/components/spa06_spi/test.esp8266-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+substitutions:
+  cs_pin: GPIO15
+
+packages:
+  spi: !include ../../test_build_components/common/spi/esp8266-ard.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml

tests/components/spa06_spi/test.rp2040-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+substitutions:
+  cs_pin: GPIO17
+
+packages:
+  spi: !include ../../test_build_components/common/spi/rp2040-ard.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml

tests/components/text/common.yaml

@@ -23,3 +23,8 @@ text:
     min_length: 8
     max_length: 32
     mode: password
+
+text_sensor:
+  - platform: text
+    name: "Test Text State"
+    source_id: test_text

tests/components/time/posix_tz_parser.cpp

@@ -1036,8 +1036,6 @@ static time_t esptime_recalc_local(int year, int month, int day, int hour, int m
   t.hour = hour;
   t.minute = min;
   t.second = sec;
-  t.day_of_week = 1;  // Placeholder for fields_in_range()
-  t.day_of_year = 1;
   t.recalc_timestamp_local();
   return t.timestamp;
 }
@@ -1187,6 +1185,60 @@ TEST(RecalcTimestampLocal, NonDefaultTransitionTime) {
   EXPECT_EQ(esp_result, libc_result);
 }
 
+TEST(RecalcTimestampLocal, MinimalFieldsWithoutDayOfWeekOrYear) {
+  // Regression test for issue #15115: DateTimeEntity::state_as_esptime() constructs
+  // an ESPTime with only year/month/day/hour/minute/second set (no day_of_week or
+  // day_of_year). recalc_timestamp_local() must work without those fields.
+  const char *tz_str = "CET-1CEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0";
+  setenv("TZ", tz_str, 1);
+  tzset();
+  time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
+  set_global_tz(tz);
+
+  // Construct ESPTime with only date/time fields (like state_as_esptime does)
+  ESPTime t{};
+  t.year = 2026;
+  t.month = 3;
+  t.day_of_month = 20;
+  t.hour = 23;
+  t.minute = 14;
+  t.second = 55;
+  // day_of_week and day_of_year are deliberately left as 0
+  t.recalc_timestamp_local();
+
+  // Must NOT return -1 (the bug: fields_in_range() rejected valid times)
+  EXPECT_NE(t.timestamp, -1);
+
+  // Verify against libc
+  time_t libc_result = libc_mktime(2026, 3, 20, 23, 14, 55);
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.timestamp, libc_result);
+}
+
+TEST(RecalcTimestampLocal, MinimalFieldsNoDST) {
+  // Same test but with a timezone that has no DST
+  const char *tz_str = "IST-5:30";
+  setenv("TZ", tz_str, 1);
+  tzset();
+  time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
+  set_global_tz(tz);
+
+  ESPTime t{};
+  t.year = 2026;
+  t.month = 3;
+  t.day_of_month = 23;
+  t.hour = 10;
+  t.minute = 0;
+  t.second = 0;
+  t.recalc_timestamp_local();
+
+  EXPECT_NE(t.timestamp, -1);
+
+  time_t libc_result = libc_mktime(2026, 3, 23, 10, 0, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.timestamp, libc_result);
+}
+
 TEST(RecalcTimestampLocal, YearBoundaryDST) {
   // Test southern hemisphere DST across year boundary
   // Australia/Sydney: DST active from October to April (spans Jan 1)

tests/components/uart/common.h

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class MockUARTComponent : public UARTComponent {
   MOCK_METHOD(bool, read_array, (uint8_t * data, size_t len), (override));
   MOCK_METHOD(bool, peek_byte, (uint8_t * data), (override));
   MOCK_METHOD(size_t, available, (), (override));
-  MOCK_METHOD(FlushResult, flush, (), (override));
+  MOCK_METHOD(UARTFlushResult, flush, (), (override));
   MOCK_METHOD(void, check_logger_conflict, (), (override));
 };
 

tests/components/uart/test.rtl87xx-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+uart:
+  - id: uart_id
+    tx_pin: PA23
+    rx_pin: PA18
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    data_bits: 8
+    parity: NONE
+    stop_bits: 1
+
+switch:
+  - platform: uart
+    name: "UART Switch"
+    uart_id: uart_id
+    data: [0x01, 0x02, 0x03]

tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp

@@ -153,9 +153,9 @@ bool MockUartComponent::read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
 
 size_t MockUartComponent::available() { return this->rx_buffer_.size(); }
 
-uart::FlushResult MockUartComponent::flush() {
+uart::UARTFlushResult MockUartComponent::flush() {
   // Nothing to flush in mock
-  return uart::FlushResult::ASSUMED_SUCCESS;
+  return uart::UARTFlushResult::UART_FLUSH_RESULT_ASSUMED_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 void MockUartComponent::set_rx_full_threshold(size_t rx_full_threshold) {

tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.h

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class MockUartComponent : public uart::UARTComponent, public Component {
   bool peek_byte(uint8_t *data) override;
   bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
   size_t available() override;
-  uart::FlushResult flush() override;
+  uart::UARTFlushResult flush() override;
   void set_rx_full_threshold(size_t rx_full_threshold) override;
   void set_rx_timeout(size_t rx_timeout) override;
 

tests/integration/fixtures/light_constant_brightness.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+esphome:
+  name: light-cb-test
+host:
+api:  # Port will be automatically injected
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
+
+output:
+  - platform: template
+    id: cb_cold_white_output
+    type: float
+    write_action:
+      - logger.log:
+          format: "CB_CW_OUTPUT:%.6f"
+          args: [state]
+  - platform: template
+    id: cb_warm_white_output
+    type: float
+    write_action:
+      - logger.log:
+          format: "CB_WW_OUTPUT:%.6f"
+          args: [state]
+  - platform: template
+    id: ncb_cold_white_output
+    type: float
+    write_action:
+      - logger.log:
+          format: "NCB_CW_OUTPUT:%.6f"
+          args: [state]
+  - platform: template
+    id: ncb_warm_white_output
+    type: float
+    write_action:
+      - logger.log:
+          format: "NCB_WW_OUTPUT:%.6f"
+          args: [state]
+
+light:
+  - platform: cwww
+    name: "Test CB Light"
+    id: test_cb_light
+    cold_white: cb_cold_white_output
+    warm_white: cb_warm_white_output
+    cold_white_color_temperature: 6536 K
+    warm_white_color_temperature: 2000 K
+    constant_brightness: true
+    gamma_correct: 2.8
+
+  - platform: cwww
+    name: "Test NCB Light"
+    id: test_ncb_light
+    cold_white: ncb_cold_white_output
+    warm_white: ncb_warm_white_output
+    cold_white_color_temperature: 6536 K
+    warm_white_color_temperature: 2000 K
+    constant_brightness: false
+    gamma_correct: 2.8

tests/integration/fixtures/light_initial_state.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+esphome:
+  name: light-initial-state-test
+host:
+api:  # Port will be automatically injected
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
+
+output:
+  - platform: template
+    id: test_red
+    type: float
+    write_action:
+      - lambda: ""
+  - platform: template
+    id: test_green
+    type: float
+    write_action:
+      - lambda: ""
+  - platform: template
+    id: test_blue
+    type: float
+    write_action:
+      - lambda: ""
+
+light:
+  - platform: rgb
+    name: "Test Light"
+    id: test_light
+    red: test_red
+    green: test_green
+    blue: test_blue
+    restore_mode: ALWAYS_OFF
+    initial_state:
+      color_mode: RGB
+      state: true
+      brightness: 0.75
+      red: 1.0
+      green: 0.5
+      blue: 0.0

tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2410.yaml

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ esphome:
 
 host:
 api:
+  batch_delay: 0ms  # Disable batching to receive all state updates
 logger:
   level: VERBOSE
 

tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2410_engineering.yaml

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ esphome:
 
 host:
 api:
+  batch_delay: 0ms  # Disable batching to receive all state updates
 logger:
   level: VERBOSE
 

tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412.yaml

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ esphome:
 
 host:
 api:
+  batch_delay: 0ms  # Disable batching to receive all state updates
 logger:
   level: VERBOSE
 

tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412_engineering.yaml

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ esphome:
 
 host:
 api:
+  batch_delay: 0ms  # Disable batching to receive all state updates
 logger:
   level: VERBOSE
 

tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412_engineering_truncated.yaml

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ esphome:
 
 host:
 api:
+  batch_delay: 0ms  # Disable batching to receive all state updates
 logger:
   level: VERBOSE
 

tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2420.yaml

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ esphome:
 
 host:
 api:
+  batch_delay: 0ms  # Disable batching to receive all state updates
 logger:
   level: VERBOSE
 

tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2420_simple.yaml

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ esphome:
 
 host:
 api:
+  batch_delay: 0ms  # Disable batching to receive all state updates
 logger:
   level: VERBOSE
 

tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2450.yaml

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ esphome:
 
 host:
 api:
+  batch_delay: 0ms  # Disable batching to receive all state updates
 logger:
   level: VERBOSE
 

tests/integration/test_light_constant_brightness.py

@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+"""Integration test for constant_brightness with gamma correction.
+
+Tests both constant_brightness: true and false cwww lights with gamma
+correction in a single compilation to verify:
+- constant_brightness: true maintains constant total CW+WW power output
+- constant_brightness: false correctly varies total power across color temps
+
+This is a regression test for https://github.com/esphome/esphome/issues/15040
+where the gamma LUT refactor (#14123) broke constant_brightness by applying
+gamma after the balancing formula instead of before it.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import re
+from typing import Any
+
+from aioesphomeapi import EntityState, LightInfo, LightState
+import pytest
+
+from .state_utils import InitialStateHelper
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_light_constant_brightness(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test constant_brightness true and false behavior with gamma correction."""
+    # Track output values for both lights from log lines
+    cb_cw_pattern = re.compile(r"(?<!N)CB_CW_OUTPUT:([\d.]+)")
+    cb_ww_pattern = re.compile(r"(?<!N)CB_WW_OUTPUT:([\d.]+)")
+    ncb_cw_pattern = re.compile(r"NCB_CW_OUTPUT:([\d.]+)")
+    ncb_ww_pattern = re.compile(r"NCB_WW_OUTPUT:([\d.]+)")
+
+    latest: dict[str, float] = {
+        "cb_cw": 0.0,
+        "cb_ww": 0.0,
+        "ncb_cw": 0.0,
+        "ncb_ww": 0.0,
+    }
+
+    def on_log_line(line: str) -> None:
+        for pattern, key in [
+            (cb_cw_pattern, "cb_cw"),
+            (cb_ww_pattern, "cb_ww"),
+            (ncb_cw_pattern, "ncb_cw"),
+            (ncb_ww_pattern, "ncb_ww"),
+        ]:
+            match = pattern.search(line)
+            if match:
+                latest[key] = float(match.group(1))
+
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=on_log_line),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        entities, _ = await client.list_entities_services()
+        lights = [e for e in entities if isinstance(e, LightInfo)]
+        cb_light = next(e for e in lights if e.object_id.endswith("cb_light"))
+        ncb_light = next(e for e in lights if e.object_id.endswith("ncb_light"))
+
+        # Use InitialStateHelper to wait for initial state broadcast
+        initial_state_helper = InitialStateHelper(entities)
+
+        # Track state changes per light key
+        state_futures: dict[int, asyncio.Future[EntityState]] = {}
+
+        def on_state(state: EntityState) -> None:
+            if isinstance(state, LightState) and state.key in state_futures:
+                future = state_futures[state.key]
+                if not future.done():
+                    future.set_result(state)
+
+        client.subscribe_states(initial_state_helper.on_state_wrapper(on_state))
+
+        try:
+            await initial_state_helper.wait_for_initial_states()
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail("Timeout waiting for initial states")
+
+        async def send_and_wait(
+            light_key: int, timeout: float = 5.0, **kwargs: Any
+        ) -> LightState:
+            """Send a light command and wait for the state response."""
+            state_futures[light_key] = loop.create_future()
+            client.light_command(key=light_key, **kwargs)
+            try:
+                return await asyncio.wait_for(state_futures[light_key], timeout=timeout)
+            except TimeoutError:
+                pytest.fail(f"Timeout waiting for light state after command: {kwargs}")
+
+        # --- Test constant_brightness: true ---
+
+        # Turn on CB light at full brightness
+        await send_and_wait(
+            cb_light.key,
+            state=True,
+            brightness=1.0,
+            color_temperature=153.0,
+            transition_length=0,
+        )
+
+        test_mireds = [
+            153.0,  # Pure cold white
+            200.0,  # Mostly cold
+            280.0,  # Mixed
+            326.5,  # Midpoint
+            400.0,  # Mostly warm
+            500.0,  # Pure warm white
+        ]
+
+        cb_totals: list[tuple[float, float, float]] = []
+        for mireds in test_mireds:
+            await send_and_wait(
+                cb_light.key, color_temperature=mireds, transition_length=0
+            )
+            cb_totals.append((mireds, latest["cb_cw"], latest["cb_ww"]))
+
+        # All totals should be approximately equal (constant brightness)
+        reference_total = next((cw + ww for _, cw, ww in cb_totals if cw + ww > 0), 0)
+        assert reference_total > 0, (
+            f"Reference total power is zero, CB light outputs not working. "
+            f"Values: {cb_totals}"
+        )
+
+        for mireds, cw, ww in cb_totals:
+            total = cw + ww
+            assert total == pytest.approx(reference_total, rel=0.05), (
+                f"constant_brightness: Total power at {mireds} mireds "
+                f"({total:.4f}) differs from reference ({reference_total:.4f}) "
+                f"by more than 5%. CW={cw:.4f}, WW={ww:.4f}. "
+                f"All values: {cb_totals}"
+            )
+
+        # --- Test constant_brightness: false ---
+
+        # Turn on NCB light at full brightness
+        await send_and_wait(
+            ncb_light.key,
+            state=True,
+            brightness=1.0,
+            color_temperature=153.0,
+            transition_length=0,
+        )
+
+        ncb_totals: list[tuple[float, float, float]] = []
+        for mireds in test_mireds:
+            await send_and_wait(
+                ncb_light.key, color_temperature=mireds, transition_length=0
+            )
+            ncb_totals.append((mireds, latest["ncb_cw"], latest["ncb_ww"]))
+
+        extreme_cw = ncb_totals[0]  # 153 mireds - pure cold
+        extreme_ww = ncb_totals[-1]  # 500 mireds - pure warm
+        midpoint = ncb_totals[3]  # 326.5 mireds - midpoint
+
+        # At pure cold white, WW should be ~0
+        assert extreme_cw[2] == pytest.approx(0.0, abs=0.01), (
+            f"Pure cold white should have WW~0, got WW={extreme_cw[2]:.4f}"
+        )
+        # At pure warm white, CW should be ~0
+        assert extreme_ww[1] == pytest.approx(0.0, abs=0.01), (
+            f"Pure warm white should have CW~0, got CW={extreme_ww[1]:.4f}"
+        )
+
+        # At midpoint, both channels should be non-zero
+        assert midpoint[1] > 0.05, f"Midpoint CW should be >0.05, got {midpoint[1]:.4f}"
+        assert midpoint[2] > 0.05, f"Midpoint WW should be >0.05, got {midpoint[2]:.4f}"
+
+        # Total power at midpoint should be higher than at the extremes
+        midpoint_total = midpoint[1] + midpoint[2]
+        extreme_cw_total = extreme_cw[1] + extreme_cw[2]
+        extreme_ww_total = extreme_ww[1] + extreme_ww[2]
+
+        assert midpoint_total > extreme_cw_total, (
+            f"Midpoint total ({midpoint_total:.4f}) should be > pure CW total "
+            f"({extreme_cw_total:.4f}). All values: {ncb_totals}"
+        )
+        assert midpoint_total > extreme_ww_total, (
+            f"Midpoint total ({midpoint_total:.4f}) should be > pure WW total "
+            f"({extreme_ww_total:.4f}). All values: {ncb_totals}"
+        )

tests/integration/test_light_initial_state.py

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+"""Integration test for light initial_state configuration.
+
+Tests that the initial_state values are correctly applied at boot when
+no saved preferences exist. The initial_state callback populates defaults
+that the restore logic uses as a fallback.
+"""
+
+import pytest
+
+from .state_utils import InitialStateHelper, require_entity
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_light_initial_state(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test that initial_state values are applied at boot."""
+    async with run_compiled(yaml_config), api_client_connected() as client:
+        entities, _ = await client.list_entities_services()
+        light = require_entity(entities, "test_light")
+
+        helper = InitialStateHelper(entities)
+        client.subscribe_states(helper.on_state_wrapper(lambda s: None))
+        await helper.wait_for_initial_states()
+
+        state = helper.initial_states[light.key]
+
+        # restore_mode: ALWAYS_OFF overrides state to false
+        assert state.state is False
+
+        # But the color values from initial_state should be applied
+        assert state.brightness == pytest.approx(0.75, abs=0.05)
+        assert state.red == pytest.approx(1.0, abs=0.01)
+        assert state.green == pytest.approx(0.5, abs=0.01)
+        assert state.blue == pytest.approx(0.0, abs=0.01)

tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2412.py

@@ -79,9 +79,15 @@ async def test_uart_mock_ld2412(
         ],
     )
 
-    # Signal when we see recovery frame values
+    # Signal when we see all recovery frame values
     recovery_received = collector.add_waiter(
-        lambda: pytest.approx(50.0) in collector.sensor_states["moving_distance"]
+        lambda: (
+            pytest.approx(50.0) in collector.sensor_states["moving_distance"]
+            and pytest.approx(75.0) in collector.sensor_states["still_distance"]
+            and pytest.approx(100.0) in collector.sensor_states["moving_energy"]
+            and pytest.approx(80.0) in collector.sensor_states["still_energy"]
+            and pytest.approx(50.0) in collector.sensor_states["detection_distance"]
+        )
     )
 
     async with (
@@ -150,23 +156,12 @@ async def test_uart_mock_ld2412(
         )
 
         # Recovery frame: moving=50, still=75, energy=100/80, detect=50
-        recovery_idx = next(
-            i
-            for i, v in enumerate(collector.sensor_states["moving_distance"])
-            if v == pytest.approx(50.0)
-        )
-        assert collector.sensor_states["still_distance"][recovery_idx] == pytest.approx(
-            75.0
-        )
-        assert collector.sensor_states["moving_energy"][recovery_idx] == pytest.approx(
-            100.0
-        )
-        assert collector.sensor_states["still_energy"][recovery_idx] == pytest.approx(
-            80.0
-        )
-        assert collector.sensor_states["detection_distance"][
-            recovery_idx
-        ] == pytest.approx(50.0)
+        # Check values exist (waiter already ensured all are present)
+        assert pytest.approx(50.0) in collector.sensor_states["moving_distance"]
+        assert pytest.approx(75.0) in collector.sensor_states["still_distance"]
+        assert pytest.approx(100.0) in collector.sensor_states["moving_energy"]
+        assert pytest.approx(80.0) in collector.sensor_states["still_energy"]
+        assert pytest.approx(50.0) in collector.sensor_states["detection_distance"]
 
         # Verify binary sensors detected targets (from Phase 1 frame)
         assert collector.binary_states["has_target"][0] is True

tests/unit_tests/analyze_memory/test_pstorage_attribution.py

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+"""Tests for __pstorage symbol attribution in memory analyzer."""
+
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+from esphome.analyze_memory import _PSTORAGE_SUFFIX, MemoryAnalyzer
+
+
+def _make_analyzer(external_components: set[str] | None = None) -> MemoryAnalyzer:
+    """Create a MemoryAnalyzer with mocked dependencies."""
+    with patch.object(MemoryAnalyzer, "__init__", lambda self, *a, **kw: None):
+        analyzer = MemoryAnalyzer.__new__(MemoryAnalyzer)
+        analyzer.external_components = external_components or set()
+    return analyzer
+
+
+def test_pstorage_suffix_constant() -> None:
+    """Verify the suffix constant matches what codegen produces."""
+    assert _PSTORAGE_SUFFIX == "__pstorage"
+
+
+def test_match_pstorage_simple_component() -> None:
+    """Simple component name like 'logger'."""
+    analyzer = _make_analyzer()
+    result = analyzer._match_pstorage_component("logger__logger_id__pstorage")
+    assert result == "[esphome]logger"
+
+
+def test_match_pstorage_underscore_component() -> None:
+    """Component with underscore like 'web_server'."""
+    analyzer = _make_analyzer()
+    result = analyzer._match_pstorage_component("web_server__webserver_id__pstorage")
+    assert result == "[esphome]web_server"
+
+
+def test_match_pstorage_api() -> None:
+    """API component."""
+    analyzer = _make_analyzer()
+    result = analyzer._match_pstorage_component("api__apiserver_id__pstorage")
+    assert result == "[esphome]api"
+
+
+def test_match_pstorage_deep_sleep() -> None:
+    """Component with underscore: deep_sleep."""
+    analyzer = _make_analyzer()
+    result = analyzer._match_pstorage_component("deep_sleep__deepsleep__pstorage")
+    assert result == "[esphome]deep_sleep"
+
+
+def test_match_pstorage_status_led() -> None:
+    """Component with underscore: status_led."""
+    analyzer = _make_analyzer()
+    result = analyzer._match_pstorage_component("status_led__statusled_id__pstorage")
+    assert result == "[esphome]status_led"
+
+
+def test_match_pstorage_external_component() -> None:
+    """External component should be attributed correctly."""
+    analyzer = _make_analyzer(external_components={"my_custom"})
+    result = analyzer._match_pstorage_component("my_custom__thing_id__pstorage")
+    assert result == "[external]my_custom"
+
+
+def test_match_pstorage_no_dunder_returns_none() -> None:
+    """Symbol without double underscore separator returns None."""
+    analyzer = _make_analyzer()
+    result = analyzer._match_pstorage_component("something__pstorage")
+    assert result is None
+
+
+def test_match_pstorage_unknown_component_returns_none() -> None:
+    """Unknown component namespace returns None."""
+    analyzer = _make_analyzer()
+    result = analyzer._match_pstorage_component("nonexistent__thing_id__pstorage")
+    assert result is None
+
+
+def test_match_pstorage_esphome_component() -> None:
+    """esphome:: namespace types map to the esphome component."""
+    analyzer = _make_analyzer()
+    result = analyzer._match_pstorage_component(
+        "esphome__esphomeotacomponent_id__pstorage"
+    )
+    assert result == "[esphome]esphome"
+
+
+def test_match_pstorage_user_id_with_component_prefix() -> None:
+    """User-chosen ID that happens to contain a component name."""
+    analyzer = _make_analyzer()
+    result = analyzer._match_pstorage_component("logger__relay1__pstorage")
+    assert result == "[esphome]logger"

tests/unit_tests/components/light/test_gamma_table.py

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+"""Tests for the gamma LUT table generation."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.components.light import generate_gamma_table
+
+
+def _simulate_gamma_correct_lut(table: list[int], value: float) -> float:
+    """Simulate the C++ gamma_correct_lut interpolation from light_state.cpp."""
+    if value <= 0.0:
+        return 0.0
+    if value >= 1.0:
+        return 1.0
+    scaled = value * 255.0
+    idx = int(scaled)
+    if idx >= 255:
+        return table[255] / 65535.0
+    frac = scaled - idx
+    a = float(table[idx])
+    b = float(table[idx + 1])
+    return (a + frac * (b - a)) / 65535.0
+
+
+def test_table_length() -> None:
+    """Table must always have exactly 256 entries."""
+    table = generate_gamma_table(2.8)
+    assert len(table) == 256
+
+
+def test_index_zero_is_zero() -> None:
+    """Index 0 must be 0 so true off remains off."""
+    for gamma in (1.0, 2.0, 2.2, 2.8, 3.0):
+        table = generate_gamma_table(gamma)
+        assert table[0] == 0, f"gamma={gamma}"
+
+
+def test_index_255_is_max() -> None:
+    """Index 255 must be 65535 (full on)."""
+    for gamma in (1.0, 2.0, 2.2, 2.8, 3.0):
+        table = generate_gamma_table(gamma)
+        assert table[255] == 65535, f"gamma={gamma}"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("gamma", [1.0, 2.0, 2.2, 2.8, 3.0])
+def test_nonzero_indices_are_nonzero(gamma: float) -> None:
+    """All indices > 0 must produce non-zero values.
+
+    This prevents zero_means_zero breakage: non-zero input must always
+    produce non-zero output so FloatOutput applies min_power scaling.
+    """
+    table = generate_gamma_table(gamma)
+    for i in range(1, 256):
+        assert table[i] >= 1, f"gamma={gamma}, index {i}: got {table[i]}"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("gamma", [1.0, 2.0, 2.2, 2.8, 3.0])
+def test_table_monotonically_nondecreasing(gamma: float) -> None:
+    """The gamma table must be monotonically non-decreasing."""
+    table = generate_gamma_table(gamma)
+    for i in range(1, 256):
+        assert table[i] >= table[i - 1], (
+            f"gamma={gamma}: table[{i}]={table[i]} < table[{i - 1}]={table[i - 1]}"
+        )
+
+
+def test_linear_gamma() -> None:
+    """With gamma=0 (linear), table should be evenly spaced."""
+    table = generate_gamma_table(0)
+    assert table[0] == 0
+    assert table[128] == round(128 / 255.0 * 65535)
+    assert table[255] == 65535
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("brightness", [0.01, 0.005, 0.001, 1 / 255])
+def test_small_brightness_nonzero_after_lut(brightness: float) -> None:
+    """Small but non-zero brightness must produce non-zero output through the LUT.
+
+    Regression test for #15055: with zero_means_zero=true, a gamma-corrected
+    value of exactly 0.0 causes FloatOutput to skip min_power scaling, turning
+    the LED off instead of to minimum brightness.
+    """
+    table = generate_gamma_table(2.8)
+    result = _simulate_gamma_correct_lut(table, brightness)
+    assert result > 0.0, (
+        f"brightness={brightness}: gamma LUT returned 0.0, would break zero_means_zero"
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("gamma", [1.0, 2.0, 2.2, 2.8, 3.0])
+def test_small_brightness_nonzero_all_gammas(gamma: float) -> None:
+    """1% brightness must be non-zero for all common gamma values."""
+    table = generate_gamma_table(gamma)
+    result = _simulate_gamma_correct_lut(table, 0.01)
+    assert result > 0.0, f"gamma={gamma}: 1% brightness returned 0.0"
+
+
+def test_lut_zero_returns_zero() -> None:
+    """LUT with input 0.0 must return 0.0."""
+    table = generate_gamma_table(2.8)
+    assert _simulate_gamma_correct_lut(table, 0.0) == 0.0
+
+
+def test_lut_one_returns_one() -> None:
+    """LUT with input 1.0 must return 1.0."""
+    table = generate_gamma_table(2.8)
+    assert _simulate_gamma_correct_lut(table, 1.0) == 1.0
+
+
+def test_lut_output_monotonically_nondecreasing() -> None:
+    """LUT output must be monotonically non-decreasing across the full range."""
+    table = generate_gamma_table(2.8)
+    prev = 0.0
+    for i in range(1001):
+        value = i / 1000.0
+        result = _simulate_gamma_correct_lut(table, value)
+        assert result >= prev, f"value={value}: result {result} < previous {prev}"
+        prev = result

tests/unit_tests/components/test_rp2040_generate_boards.py

@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ def _add_board(
     vendor: str = "",
     name: str | None = None,
     pins_header: str | None = None,
+    extra_flags: str = "",
 ) -> None:
     """Add a board JSON and variant to the fake arduino-pico tree."""
     if variant is None:
@@ -69,11 +70,15 @@ def _add_board(
     json_dir = arduino_pico / "tools" / "json"
     variants_dir = arduino_pico / "variants"
 
+    build: dict = {
+        "mcu": mcu,
+        "variant": variant,
+    }
+    if extra_flags:
+        build["extra_flags"] = extra_flags
+
     board_json = {
-        "build": {
-            "mcu": mcu,
-            "variant": variant,
-        },
+        "build": build,
         "name": name,
         "vendor": vendor,
     }
@@ -271,3 +276,35 @@ def test_placeholder_pins_not_treated_as_virtual(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
 
     assert "MISO" not in board_pins["badpin"]
     assert boards["badpin"]["max_virtual_pin"] == 64
+
+
+def test_cyw43_supported_flag_sets_wifi(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
+    """Boards with PICO_CYW43_SUPPORTED=1 in extra_flags should have wifi=True."""
+    _add_board(
+        arduino_pico,
+        "rpipicow",
+        vendor="Raspberry Pi",
+        name="Pico W",
+        pins_header=PICOW_PINS_HEADER,
+        extra_flags="-DARDUINO_RASPBERRY_PI_PICO_W -DPICO_CYW43_SUPPORTED=1 -DCYW43_PIN_WL_DYNAMIC=1",
+    )
+
+    _, boards = load_boards(arduino_pico)
+
+    assert boards["rpipicow"]["wifi"] is True
+
+
+def test_board_without_cyw43_has_no_wifi(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
+    """Boards without PICO_CYW43_SUPPORTED should not have wifi field."""
+    _add_board(
+        arduino_pico,
+        "rpipico",
+        vendor="Raspberry Pi",
+        name="Pico",
+        pins_header=PICO_PINS_HEADER,
+        extra_flags="-DARDUINO_RASPBERRY_PI_PICO",
+    )
+
+    _, boards = load_boards(arduino_pico)
+
+    assert "wifi" not in boards["rpipico"]

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/00-simple_var.approved.yaml

@@ -38,3 +38,20 @@ test_list:
   - '{ 79, 82 }'
   - a: 15 should be 15, overridden from command line
     b: 20 should stay as 20, not overridden
+  - aa:
+      - 1
+      - 2
+      - 3
+      - 4
+      - 5
+      - 6
+    bb:
+      - 7
+      - 8
+      - 9
+  - aa:
+      x: 1
+      y: 3
+      z: 4
+    bb:
+      w: 5

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/00-simple_var.input.yaml

@@ -44,3 +44,13 @@ test_list:
   - '{ ${position.x}, ${position.y} }'
   - a: ${a} should be 15, overridden from command line
     b: ${b} should stay as 20, not overridden
+
+  # Test merging lists when substituted keys resolve to an existing key
+  - ${ "aa" }: [1, 2, 3]
+    ${ "a" + "a" }: [4, 5, 6]
+    ${ "bb" }: [7, 8, 9]
+
+  # Test merging dicts when substituted keys resolve to an existing key
+  - ${ "aa" }: {"x": 1, "y": 2}
+    ${ "a" + "a" }: {"y": 3, "z": 4}
+    ${ "bb" }: {"w": 5}

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/02-expressions.approved.yaml

@@ -9,6 +9,11 @@ substitutions:
   numberOne: 1
   var1: 79
   double_width: 14
+  double_height: 16
+  y: ${x}
+  x: ${y}
+  b: 79
+  c: 80
 test_list:
   - The area is 56
   - 56
@@ -27,3 +32,4 @@ test_list:
   - chr(97) = a
   - len([1,2,3]) = 3
   - width = 7, double_width = 14
+  - a = ${a}

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/02-expressions.input.yaml

@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 substitutions:
+  y: ${x}  # Circular reference, expect to pass unresolved.
+  x: ${y}  # Circular reference, expect to pass unresolved.
+  double_height: ${height * 2}
   width: 7
   height: 8
   enabled: true
@@ -9,6 +12,8 @@ substitutions:
   numberOne: 1
   var1: 79
   double_width: ${width * 2}
+  c: ${b+1}
+  b: ${undefined_variable | default(79) }
 
 test_list:
   - "The area is ${width * height}"
@@ -25,3 +30,4 @@ test_list:
   - chr(97) = ${ chr(97) }
   - len([1,2,3]) = ${ len([1,2,3]) }
   - width = ${width}, double_width = ${double_width}
+  - a = ${a}

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/06-remote_packages.approved.yaml

@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-substitutions:
-  x: 10
-  y: 20
-  z: 30
 values_from_repo1_main:
   - package_name: package1
     x: 3
@@ -28,3 +24,20 @@ values_from_repo1_main:
     y: 20
     z: 5
     volume: 1000
+  - package_name: package6
+    x: 12
+    y: 13
+    z: 5
+    volume: 780
+  - package_name: default
+    x: 10
+    y: 20
+    z: 5
+    volume: 1000
+substitutions:
+  x: 10
+  y: 20
+  z: 30
+  my_repo: repo1
+  my_file: file1
+  my_ref: main

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/06-remote_packages.input.yaml

@@ -2,16 +2,26 @@ substitutions:
   x: 10
   y: 20
   z: 30
+  my_repo: default_repo
+  my_file: default_file
+  my_ref: main
+
+# The following key is only used by the test framework
+# to simulate command line substitutions
+command_line_substitutions:
+  my_repo: repo1
+  my_file: file1
+
 packages:
   package1:
     url: https://github.com/esphome/repo1
+    ref: main
     files:
       - path: file1.yaml
         vars:
           package_name: package1
           x: 3
           y: 4
-    ref: main
   package2: !include  # a package that just includes the given remote package
     file: remote_package_proxy.yaml
     vars:
@@ -41,3 +51,13 @@ packages:
       repo: repo1
       file: file1.yaml
       ref: main
+  package6:
+    url: https://github.com/esphome/${my_repo}
+    ref: ${my_ref}
+    files:
+      - path: ${my_file + ".yaml"}
+        vars:
+          package_name: package6
+          x: 12
+          y: 13
+  package7: github://esphome/${my_repo}/${my_file + ".yaml"}@${my_ref}

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/07-package_merging.approved.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+fancy_component: &id001
+  - id: component9
+    value: 9
+some_component:
+  - id: component1
+    value: 1
+  - id: component2
+    value: 2
+  - id: component3
+    value: 3
+  - id: component4
+    value: 4
+  - id: component5
+    value: 79
+    power: 200
+  - id: component6
+    value: 6
+  - id: component7
+    value: 7
+switch: &id002
+  - platform: gpio
+    id: switch1
+    pin: 12
+  - platform: gpio
+    id: switch2
+    pin: 13
+display:
+  - platform: ili9xxx
+    dimensions:
+      width: 100
+      height: 480
+substitutions:
+  extended_component: component5
+  package_options:
+    alternative_package:
+      alternative_component:
+        - id: component8
+          value: 8
+    fancy_package:
+      fancy_component: *id001
+  pin: 12
+  some_switches: *id002
+  package_selection: fancy_package
+  fancy_subst: 42

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/07-package_merging.input.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+substitutions:
+  package_options:
+    alternative_package:
+      alternative_component:
+        - id: component8
+          value: 8
+    fancy_package:
+      substitutions:
+        fancy_subst: 42
+      fancy_component:
+        - id: component9
+          value: 9
+
+  pin: 12
+  some_switches:
+    - platform: gpio
+      id: switch1
+      pin: ${pin}
+    - platform: gpio
+      id: switch2
+      pin: ${pin+1}
+
+  package_selection: fancy_package
+
+packages:
+  - ${ package_options[package_selection] }
+  - some_component:
+      - id: component1
+        value: 1
+  - some_component:
+      - id: component2
+        value: 2
+  - switch: ${ some_switches }
+  - packages:
+      package_with_defaults: !include
+        file: display.yaml
+        vars:
+          native_width: 100
+          high_dpi: false
+      my_package:
+        packages:
+          - packages:
+              special_package:
+                substitutions:
+                  extended_component: component5
+                some_component:
+                  - id: component3
+                    value: 3
+        some_component:
+          - id: component4
+            value: 4
+          - id: !extend ${ extended_component }
+            power: 200
+            value: 79
+    some_component:
+      - id: component5
+        value: 5
+
+some_component:
+  - id: component6
+    value: 6
+  - id: component7
+    value: 7

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/08-include_hierarchy.approved.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+substitutions:
+  a: 10
+  b: 20
+  x: 79
+test_list:
+  - level1:
+      a: 10
+      b: 20
+      c: 10
+      d: 20
+      e: ${e}
+      f: ${f}
+      g: ${g}
+      h: ${h}
+      i: ${i}
+      j: ${j}
+      x: 80
+      y: 40
+      level2:
+        - level2:
+            a: 10
+            b: 20
+            c: 10
+            d: 20
+            e: 20
+            f: 40
+            g: ${g}
+            h: ${h}
+            i: ${i}
+            j: ${j}
+            x: 81
+            y: 40
+            level3:
+              - level3:
+                  a: 10
+                  b: 20
+                  c: 10
+                  d: 20
+                  e: 20
+                  f: 40
+                  g: 100
+                  h: 200
+                  i: 30
+                  j: ${undefined_variable}
+                  x: 82
+                  y: 40
+  - a: 10
+    b: 20
+    x: 79

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/08-include_hierarchy.input.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+substitutions:
+  a: 10
+  b: 20
+  x: 79
+
+test_list:
+  - !include
+    file: level1_package.yaml
+    vars:
+      x: ${x+1}
+      y: ${d*2}
+      c: ${a}
+      d: ${b}
+  - a: ${a}
+    b: ${b}
+    x: ${x}

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/09-include_vars_without_substs.approved.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+values:
+  - var1: $var1
+  - a: 10
+  - b: B-default
+  - c: The value of C is 79

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/09-include_vars_without_substs.input.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Test that include_vars with vars works even when there are no substitutions key defined.
+packages:
+  - !include
+    file: inc1.yaml
+    vars:
+      a: 10
+      c: 79

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/10-dynamic_packages.approved.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+substitutions:
+  a: from base config
+  b: from package3
+  c: from nested package4
+  nested_package:
+    nested_package_test_list:
+      - a: from base config
+      - b: from package3
+      - c: from nested package4
+  package1:
+    package1_test_list:
+      - a: from base config
+      - b: from package3
+      - c: from nested package4
+  package2:
+    package2_test_list:
+      - a: from package2 vars
+      - b: from package3
+      - c: from nested package4
+  package3:
+    package3_test_list:
+      - a: from base config
+      - b: from package3
+      - c: from nested package4
+  package4:
+    packages:
+      - nested_package_test_list:
+          - a: from base config
+          - b: from package3
+          - c: from nested package4
+  package_map:
+    package1:
+      package1_test_list:
+        - a: from base config
+        - b: from package3
+        - c: from nested package4
+    package2:
+      package2_test_list:
+        - a: from package2 vars
+        - b: from package3
+        - c: from nested package4
+    package3: &id001
+      package3_test_list:
+        - a: from base config
+        - b: from package3
+        - c: from nested package4
+  selected_package_number: 3
+  selected_package_name: package3
+  selected_package: *id001
+base_test_list:
+  - a: from base config
+  - b: from package3
+  - c: from nested package4
+package1_test_list:
+  - a: from base config
+  - b: from package3
+  - c: from nested package4
+package2_test_list:
+  - a: from package2 vars
+  - b: from package3
+  - c: from nested package4
+package3_test_list:
+  - a: from base config
+  - b: from package3
+  - c: from nested package4
+nested_package_test_list:
+  - a: from base config
+  - b: from package3
+  - c: from nested package4

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/10-dynamic_packages.input.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+command_line_substitutions:
+  selected_package_number: 3
+
+substitutions:
+  a: from base config
+
+  package1: &p1
+    substitutions:
+      a: from package1
+      b: from package1
+      c: from package1
+    package1_test_list:
+      - a: ${ a }
+      - b: ${ b }
+      - c: ${ c }
+
+  package2: &p2 !include
+            file: package2.yaml
+            vars:
+              a: from package2 vars
+
+  package3: &p3
+    substitutions:
+      a: from package3
+      b: from package3
+      c: from package3
+    package3_test_list:
+      - a: ${ a }
+      - b: ${ b }
+      - c: ${ c }
+
+  package4:
+    substitutions:
+      nested_package:
+        substitutions:
+          c: from nested package4
+        nested_package_test_list:
+          - a: ${ a }
+          - b: ${ b }
+          - c: ${ c }
+    packages:
+      - ${ nested_package }
+
+  package_map:
+    package1: *p1
+    package2: *p2
+    package3: *p3
+
+  selected_package_number: 2  # will be overridden by command line substitutions
+  selected_package_name: package${ selected_package_number }
+  selected_package: ${ package_map[selected_package_name] }
+
+packages:
+  - ${ package1 }
+  - ${ package2 }
+  - ${ selected_package }
+  - ${ package4 }
+
+base_test_list:
+  - a: ${ a }
+  - b: ${ b }
+  - c: ${ c }

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/level1_package.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# this file is included by 07-include_hierarchy.input.yaml
+level1:
+  a: ${a}  # top-level substitution
+  b: ${b}  # top-level substitution
+  c: ${c}  # from vars when including
+  d: ${d}  # from vars when including
+  e: ${e}  # undefined at this level
+  f: ${f}  # undefined at this level
+  g: ${g}  # undefined at this level
+  h: ${h}  # undefined at this level
+  i: ${i}  # undefined at this level
+  j: ${j}  # undefined at this level
+  x: ${x}  # from vars when including, calculated
+  y: ${y}  # from vars when including, calculated
+  level2:
+    - !include
+      file: level2_package.yaml
+      vars:
+        e: ${c*2}
+        f: ${d*2}
+        x: ${x+1}

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/level2_package.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# this file is included by level1_package.yaml
+level2:
+  a: ${a}  # top-level substitution
+  b: ${b}  # top-level substitution
+  c: ${c}  # visible from level1 vars
+  d: ${d}  # visible from level1 vars
+  e: ${e}  # from vars when including
+  f: ${f}  # from vars when including
+  g: ${g}  # undefined at this level
+  h: ${h}  # undefined at this level
+  i: ${i}  # undefined at this level
+  j: ${j}  # undefined at this level
+  x: ${x}  # from vars when including, calculated
+  y: ${y}  # from vars when including, calculated
+  level3:
+    - !include
+      file: level3_package.yaml
+      vars:
+        g: ${e*5}
+        h: ${f*5}
+        x: ${x+1}

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/level3_package.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# this file is included by level2_package.yaml
+defaults:
+  i: 30
+level3:
+  a: ${a}  # top-level substitution
+  b: ${b}  # top-level substitution
+  c: ${c}  # visible from level1 vars
+  d: ${d}  # visible from level1 vars
+  e: ${e}  # visible from level2 vars
+  f: ${f}  # visible from level2 vars
+  g: ${g}  # from vars when including
+  h: ${h}  # from vars when including
+  i: ${i}  # Should take the default value of 30
+  j: ${undefined_variable}  # Does not exist, should be output as-is
+  x: ${x}  # from vars when including, calculated
+  y: ${y}  # from vars when including, calculated

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/package2.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# included from 10-dynamic_packages.input.yaml
+substitutions:
+  a: from package2  # must not override base config's a
+  # b not defined here, won't override package1's b
+  c: from package2  # will override package1's c
+
+package2_test_list:
+  - a: ${ a }
+  - b: ${ b }
+  - c: ${ c }

tests/unit_tests/test_codegen.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import pytest
 
 from esphome import codegen as cg
+from esphome.cpp_generator import _extract_component_ns
 
 
 # Test interface remains the same.
@@ -75,3 +76,29 @@ from esphome import codegen as cg
 )
 def test_exists(attr):
     assert hasattr(cg, attr)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("type_str", "expected"),
+    (
+        ("esphome::dsmr::Dsmr", "dsmr"),
+        ("esphome::logger::Logger", "logger"),
+        ("esphome::web_server::WebServer", "web_server"),
+        ("esphome::deep_sleep::DeepSleep", "deep_sleep"),
+        ("esphome::Component", "esphome"),
+        ("Logger", "esphome"),
+        # Template types with :: in template args must not confuse extraction
+        (
+            "esphome::Automation<std::optional<bool>, std::optional<bool>>",
+            "esphome",
+        ),
+        (
+            "esphome::StatelessLambdaAction<std::optional<bool>, std::optional<bool>>",
+            "esphome",
+        ),
+        # Namespaced template type
+        ("esphome::sensor::Sensor<std::string>", "sensor"),
+    ),
+)
+def test_extract_component_ns(type_str, expected):
+    assert _extract_component_ns(type_str) == expected

tests/unit_tests/test_main.py

@@ -1762,7 +1762,34 @@ def test_show_logs_api(
 
     assert result == 0
     mock_run_logs.assert_called_once_with(
-        CORE.config, ["192.168.1.100", "192.168.1.101"]
+        CORE.config, ["192.168.1.100", "192.168.1.101"], subscribe_states=True
+    )
+
+
+@patch("esphome.components.api.client.run_logs")
+def test_show_logs_api_no_states(
+    mock_run_logs: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """Test show_logs with --no-states flag."""
+    setup_core(
+        config={
+            "logger": {},
+            CONF_API: {},
+            CONF_MDNS: {CONF_DISABLED: False},
+        },
+        platform=PLATFORM_ESP32,
+    )
+    mock_run_logs.return_value = 0
+
+    args = MockArgs()
+    args.no_states = True
+    devices = ["192.168.1.100"]
+
+    result = show_logs(CORE.config, args, devices)
+
+    assert result == 0
+    mock_run_logs.assert_called_once_with(
+        CORE.config, ["192.168.1.100"], subscribe_states=False
     )
 
 
@@ -1788,7 +1815,9 @@ def test_show_logs_api_with_fqdn_mdns_disabled(
 
     assert result == 0
     # Should use the FQDN directly, not try MQTT lookup
-    mock_run_logs.assert_called_once_with(CORE.config, ["device.example.com"])
+    mock_run_logs.assert_called_once_with(
+        CORE.config, ["device.example.com"], subscribe_states=True
+    )
 
 
 @patch("esphome.components.api.client.run_logs")
@@ -1816,7 +1845,9 @@ def test_show_logs_api_with_mqtt_fallback(
 
     assert result == 0
     mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(CORE.config, "user", "pass", "client")
-    mock_run_logs.assert_called_once_with(CORE.config, ["192.168.1.200"])
+    mock_run_logs.assert_called_once_with(
+        CORE.config, ["192.168.1.200"], subscribe_states=True
+    )
 
 
 @patch("esphome.mqtt.show_logs")
@@ -2746,7 +2777,7 @@ def test_show_logs_api_static_ip_with_mqttip(
 
     # Verify run_logs was called with both IPs
     mock_run_logs.assert_called_once_with(
-        CORE.config, ["192.168.1.100", "192.168.2.50"]
+        CORE.config, ["192.168.1.100", "192.168.2.50"], subscribe_states=True
     )
 
 
@@ -2782,7 +2813,9 @@ def test_show_logs_api_multiple_mqttip_resolves_once(
     # Note: "MQTT" is a different magic string from "MQTTIP", but both trigger MQTT resolution
     # The _resolve_network_devices helper filters out both after first resolution
     mock_run_logs.assert_called_once_with(
-        CORE.config, ["192.168.2.50", "192.168.2.51", "192.168.1.100"]
+        CORE.config,
+        ["192.168.2.50", "192.168.2.51", "192.168.1.100"],
+        subscribe_states=True,
     )
 
 
@@ -2862,7 +2895,9 @@ def test_show_logs_api_mqtt_timeout_fallback(
     mock_mqtt_get_ip.assert_called_once_with(CORE.config, "user", "pass", "client")
 
     # Verify run_logs was called with only the static IP (MQTT failed)
-    mock_run_logs.assert_called_once_with(CORE.config, ["192.168.1.100"])
+    mock_run_logs.assert_called_once_with(
+        CORE.config, ["192.168.1.100"], subscribe_states=True
+    )
 
 
 def test_detect_external_components_no_external(