[http_request] Add esp-idf and rp2040 support (#3256)

* Implement http_request component for esp-idf

* Fix ifdefs

* Lint

* clang

* Set else to fail with error message

* Use unique_ptr

* Fix

* Tidy up casting, explicit HttpResponse lifetime (#3265)

Co-authored-by: Daniel Cousens <dcousens@users.noreply.github.com>

* Remove unique_ptr wrapper

* Fix

* Use reference

* Add duration code into new split files

* Add config for tx/rx buffer on idf

* Fix

* Try reserve response data with rx buffer size

* Update http_request.h

* Move client cleanup to be earlier

* Move capture_response to bool on struct and remove global

* Fix returns

* Change quotes to brackets

* Rework http request

* Remove http request from old test yamls

* Update component tests

* Validate md5 length when hardcoded string

* Linting

* Add duration_ms to container

* More lint

* const

* Remove default arguments and add helper functions for get and post

* Add virtual destructor to HttpContainer

* Undo const HEADER_KEYS

* 🤦

* Update esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.cpp

Co-authored-by: Keith Burzinski <kbx81x@gmail.com>

* Update esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.cpp

Co-authored-by: Keith Burzinski <kbx81x@gmail.com>

* lint

* Move header keys inline

* Add missing WatchdogManagers

* CAPS

* Fix "follow redirects" string in config dump

* IDF 5+ fix

---------

Co-authored-by: Daniel Cousens <413395+dcousens@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Daniel Cousens <dcousens@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Keith Burzinski <kbx81x@gmail.com>

tests/test1.yaml

@@ -25,31 +25,6 @@ esphome:
     then:
       - lambda: >-
           ESP_LOGV("main", "ON LOOP!");
-      - http_request.get:
-          url: https://esphome.io
-          headers:
-            Content-Type: application/json
-          verify_ssl: false
-      - http_request.post:
-          url: https://esphome.io
-          verify_ssl: false
-          json:
-            key: !lambda |-
-              return id(${textname}_text).state;
-            greeting: Hello World
-      - http_request.send:
-          method: PUT
-          url: https://esphome.io
-          headers:
-            Content-Type: application/json
-          body: Some data
-          verify_ssl: false
-          on_response:
-            then:
-              - logger.log:
-                  format: "Response status: %d"
-                  args:
-                    - status_code
   build_path: build/test1
 
 packages:
@@ -84,10 +59,6 @@ network:
 mdns:
   disabled: false
 
-http_request:
-  useragent: esphome/device
-  timeout: 10s
-
 mqtt:
   broker: "192.168.178.84"
   port: 1883