[core] Select I/O expander pin providers by I2C address (#18939)

Co-authored-by: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

tests/components/mipi_dsi/test-tab5.esp32-p4-idf.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-p4-idf.yaml
+
+esp_ldo:
+  - id: ldo_id
+    channel: 3
+    voltage: 2.5V
+
+psram:
+
+pi4ioe5v6408:
+  # A second, decoy hub at a different address, so this test only passes if
+  # the model's reset_pin default actually resolves pi4ioe1 by its address
+  # (0x43) -- with only one hub declared, the single-instance auto-pick
+  # fallback would resolve it too, even if address matching regressed.
+  - id: pi4ioe1
+    address: 0x43
+  - id: pi4ioe2
+    address: 0x44
+
+display:
+  - platform: mipi_dsi
+    model: M5STACK-TAB5

tests/components/xl9535/common.yaml

@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@ xl9535:
   - id: xl9535_hub
     i2c_id: i2c_bus
     address: 0x20
+  - id: xl9535_hub_2
+    i2c_id: i2c_bus
+    address: 0x21
 
 binary_sensor:
   - platform: gpio
@@ -20,3 +23,12 @@ binary_sensor:
       mode:
         input: true
       inverted: false
+  - platform: gpio
+    name: XL9535 Pin 1 By Address
+    pin:
+      xl9535:
+        address: 0x21
+      number: 1
+      mode:
+        input: true
+      inverted: false