Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/dev' into remove_posix_tz_parser

# Conflicts:
#	esphome/components/time/posix_tz.cpp
#	esphome/components/time/posix_tz.h

tests/benchmarks/components/api/__init__.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
 from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
 
 
@@ -5,3 +6,16 @@ def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
     # api must run its to_code to define USE_API, USE_API_PLAINTEXT,
     # and add the noise-c library dependency.
     manifest.enable_codegen()
+
+    original_to_code = manifest.to_code
+
+    async def to_code(config):
+        await original_to_code(config)
+        # Enable BLE proto message types for benchmarks.  The real
+        # bluetooth_proxy component is ESP32-only; a lightweight stub
+        # header in tests/benchmarks/stubs/ satisfies the include.
+        cg.add_define("USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY")
+        cg.add_define("BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS", 3)
+        cg.add_define("BLUETOOTH_PROXY_ADVERTISEMENT_BATCH_SIZE", 16)
+
+    manifest.to_code = to_code

tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_helpers.h

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <netinet/tcp.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "esphome/components/socket/socket.h"
+
+namespace esphome::api::benchmarks {
+
+// Helper to drain accumulated data from the read side of a socket
+// to prevent the write side from blocking.
+inline void drain_socket(int fd) {
+  char buf[65536];
+  while (::read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf)) > 0) {
+  }
+}
+
+// Create a TCP loopback socket pair. Returns the write-side Socket
+// (wrapped for ESPHome) and the raw read-side fd for draining.
+// Both ends are non-blocking with 16MB buffers.
+inline std::pair<std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket>, int> create_tcp_loopback() {
+  // Create a TCP listener on loopback
+  int listen_fd = ::socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+  int opt = 1;
+  ::setsockopt(listen_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &opt, sizeof(opt));
+
+  struct sockaddr_in addr {};
+  addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
+  addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_LOOPBACK);
+  addr.sin_port = 0;  // OS-assigned port
+  ::bind(listen_fd, reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&addr), sizeof(addr));
+  ::listen(listen_fd, 1);
+
+  // Get the assigned port
+  socklen_t addr_len = sizeof(addr);
+  ::getsockname(listen_fd, reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&addr), &addr_len);
+
+  // Connect from client side
+  int write_fd = ::socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+  ::connect(write_fd, reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&addr), sizeof(addr));
+
+  // Accept on server side (this is our read fd)
+  int read_fd = ::accept(listen_fd, nullptr, nullptr);
+  ::close(listen_fd);
+
+  // Make both ends non-blocking
+  int flags = ::fcntl(write_fd, F_GETFL, 0);
+  ::fcntl(write_fd, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK);
+  flags = ::fcntl(read_fd, F_GETFL, 0);
+  ::fcntl(read_fd, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK);
+
+  // Use large socket buffers so benchmarks never hit WOULD_BLOCK
+  // during a single outer iteration (2000 × ~15B messages = ~30KB).
+  int bufsize = 16 * 1024 * 1024;
+  ::setsockopt(write_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &bufsize, sizeof(bufsize));
+  ::setsockopt(read_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &bufsize, sizeof(bufsize));
+
+  return {std::make_unique<socket::Socket>(write_fd), read_fd};
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::api::benchmarks

tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_plaintext_frame.cpp

@@ -2,12 +2,9 @@
 #ifdef USE_API_PLAINTEXT
 
 #include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <netinet/in.h>
-#include <netinet/tcp.h>
-#include <sys/socket.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include "bench_helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.h"
 #include "esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h"
 #include "esphome/components/api/api_buffer.h"
@@ -16,57 +13,12 @@ namespace esphome::api::benchmarks {
 
 static constexpr int kInnerIterations = 2000;
 
-// Helper to drain accumulated data from the read side of a socket
-// to prevent the write side from blocking.
-static void drain_socket(int fd) {
-  char buf[65536];
-  while (::read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf)) > 0) {
-  }
-}
-
 // Helper to create a TCP loopback connection with an APIPlaintextFrameHelper
 // on the write end. Returns the helper and the read-side fd.
-// Uses real TCP sockets so TCP_NODELAY succeeds during init().
 static std::pair<std::unique_ptr<APIPlaintextFrameHelper>, int> create_plaintext_helper() {
-  // Create a TCP listener on loopback
-  int listen_fd = ::socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
-  int opt = 1;
-  ::setsockopt(listen_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &opt, sizeof(opt));
-
-  struct sockaddr_in addr {};
-  addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
-  addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_LOOPBACK);
-  addr.sin_port = 0;  // OS-assigned port
-  ::bind(listen_fd, reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&addr), sizeof(addr));
-  ::listen(listen_fd, 1);
-
-  // Get the assigned port
-  socklen_t addr_len = sizeof(addr);
-  ::getsockname(listen_fd, reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&addr), &addr_len);
-
-  // Connect from client side
-  int write_fd = ::socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
-  ::connect(write_fd, reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&addr), sizeof(addr));
-
-  // Accept on server side (this is our read fd)
-  int read_fd = ::accept(listen_fd, nullptr, nullptr);
-  ::close(listen_fd);
-
-  // Make both ends non-blocking
-  int flags = ::fcntl(write_fd, F_GETFL, 0);
-  ::fcntl(write_fd, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK);
-  flags = ::fcntl(read_fd, F_GETFL, 0);
-  ::fcntl(read_fd, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK);
-
-  // Increase socket buffer sizes to reduce drain frequency
-  int bufsize = 1024 * 1024;
-  ::setsockopt(write_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &bufsize, sizeof(bufsize));
-  ::setsockopt(read_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &bufsize, sizeof(bufsize));
-
-  auto sock = std::make_unique<socket::Socket>(write_fd);
+  auto [sock, read_fd] = create_tcp_loopback();
   auto helper = std::make_unique<APIPlaintextFrameHelper>(std::move(sock));
   helper->init();
-
   return {std::move(helper), read_fd};
 }
 
@@ -97,9 +49,6 @@ static void PlaintextFrame_WriteSensorState(benchmark::State &state) {
       msg.encode(writer);
 
       helper->write_protobuf_packet(SensorStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, writer);
-
-      if ((i & 0xFF) == 0)
-        drain_socket(read_fd);
     }
     drain_socket(read_fd);
     benchmark::DoNotOptimize(helper.get());
@@ -144,9 +93,6 @@ static void PlaintextFrame_WriteBatch5(benchmark::State &state) {
       }
 
       helper->write_protobuf_messages(ProtoWriteBuffer(&buffer, 0), std::span<const MessageInfo>(messages, 5));
-
-      if ((i & 0xFF) == 0)
-        drain_socket(read_fd);
     }
     drain_socket(read_fd);
     benchmark::DoNotOptimize(helper.get());

tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_proto_decode.cpp

@@ -10,10 +10,9 @@ namespace esphome::api::benchmarks {
 // sub-microsecond benchmarks.
 static constexpr int kInnerIterations = 2000;
 
-// Helper: encode a message into a buffer and return it.
-// Benchmarks encode once in setup, then decode the resulting bytes in a loop.
-// This keeps decode benchmarks in sync with the actual protobuf schema —
-// hand-encoded byte arrays would silently break when fields change.
+// Helper: encode a message into an APIBuffer for reuse in decode benchmarks.
+// Optimization barriers are applied to the decode target objects via
+// DoNotOptimize/ClobberMemory, not to this buffer.
 template<typename T> static APIBuffer encode_message(const T &msg) {
   APIBuffer buffer;
   uint32_t size = msg.calculate_size();
@@ -23,6 +22,12 @@ template<typename T> static APIBuffer encode_message(const T &msg) {
   return buffer;
 }
 
+/// Force a pointer through an asm barrier so the compiler cannot
+/// prove its contents are unchanged across iterations.
+/// benchmark::DoNotOptimize/ClobberMemory are insufficient under
+/// CodSpeed's valgrind-based instrumentation.
+static void escape(void *p) { asm volatile("" : : "g"(p) : "memory"); }
+
 // --- HelloRequest decode (string + varint fields) ---
 
 static void Decode_HelloRequest(benchmark::State &state) {
@@ -31,13 +36,18 @@ static void Decode_HelloRequest(benchmark::State &state) {
   source.api_version_major = 1;
   source.api_version_minor = 10;
   auto encoded = encode_message(source);
+  auto *data = encoded.data();
+  auto size = encoded.size();
+  benchmark::DoNotOptimize(data);
+  benchmark::DoNotOptimize(size);
 
   for (auto _ : state) {
-    HelloRequest msg;
     for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
-      msg.decode(encoded.data(), encoded.size());
+      HelloRequest msg;
+      escape(&msg);
+      msg.decode(data, size);
+      escape(&msg);
     }
-    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(msg.api_version_major);
   }
   state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
 }
@@ -50,13 +60,18 @@ static void Decode_SwitchCommandRequest(benchmark::State &state) {
   source.key = 0x12345678;
   source.state = true;
   auto encoded = encode_message(source);
+  auto *data = encoded.data();
+  auto size = encoded.size();
+  benchmark::DoNotOptimize(data);
+  benchmark::DoNotOptimize(size);
 
   for (auto _ : state) {
-    SwitchCommandRequest msg;
     for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
-      msg.decode(encoded.data(), encoded.size());
+      SwitchCommandRequest msg;
+      escape(&msg);
+      msg.decode(data, size);
+      escape(&msg);
     }
-    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(msg.state);
   }
   state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
 }
@@ -78,13 +93,18 @@ static void Decode_LightCommandRequest(benchmark::State &state) {
   source.has_effect = true;
   source.effect = StringRef::from_lit("rainbow");
   auto encoded = encode_message(source);
+  auto *data = encoded.data();
+  auto size = encoded.size();
+  benchmark::DoNotOptimize(data);
+  benchmark::DoNotOptimize(size);
 
   for (auto _ : state) {
-    LightCommandRequest msg;
     for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
-      msg.decode(encoded.data(), encoded.size());
+      LightCommandRequest msg;
+      escape(&msg);
+      msg.decode(data, size);
+      escape(&msg);
     }
-    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(msg.brightness);
   }
   state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
 }

tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_proto_encode.cpp

@@ -295,4 +295,93 @@ static void CalcAndEncode_DeviceInfoResponse_Fresh(benchmark::State &state) {
 }
 BENCHMARK(CalcAndEncode_DeviceInfoResponse_Fresh);
 
+// --- BluetoothLERawAdvertisementsResponse (12 adverts, highest-volume BLE message) ---
+
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+
+static BluetoothLERawAdvertisementsResponse make_ble_raw_advs_12() {
+  static const uint8_t fake_adv_data[] = {
+      0x02, 0x01, 0x06, 0x03, 0x03, 0x9F, 0xFE, 0x17, 0x16, 0x9F, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+      0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  };
+  BluetoothLERawAdvertisementsResponse msg;
+  msg.advertisements_len = 12;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
+    auto &adv = msg.advertisements[i];
+    adv.address = 0xAABBCCDD0000ULL + i;
+    adv.rssi = -60 - i;
+    adv.address_type = 1;
+    memcpy(adv.data, fake_adv_data, sizeof(fake_adv_data));
+    adv.data_len = sizeof(fake_adv_data);
+  }
+  return msg;
+}
+
+static void CalculateSize_BLERawAdvs12(benchmark::State &state) {
+  auto msg = make_ble_raw_advs_12();
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    uint32_t result = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      result += msg.calculate_size();
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(result);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(CalculateSize_BLERawAdvs12);
+
+static void Encode_BLERawAdvs12(benchmark::State &state) {
+  auto msg = make_ble_raw_advs_12();
+  APIBuffer buffer;
+  uint32_t total_size = msg.calculate_size();
+  buffer.resize(total_size);
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      ProtoWriteBuffer writer(&buffer, 0);
+      msg.encode(writer);
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(buffer.data());
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(Encode_BLERawAdvs12);
+
+static void CalcAndEncode_BLERawAdvs12(benchmark::State &state) {
+  auto msg = make_ble_raw_advs_12();
+  APIBuffer buffer;
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      uint32_t size = msg.calculate_size();
+      buffer.resize(size);
+      ProtoWriteBuffer writer(&buffer, 0);
+      msg.encode(writer);
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(buffer.data());
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(CalcAndEncode_BLERawAdvs12);
+
+static void CalcAndEncode_BLERawAdvs12_Fresh(benchmark::State &state) {
+  auto msg = make_ble_raw_advs_12();
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      APIBuffer buffer;
+      uint32_t size = msg.calculate_size();
+      buffer.resize(size);
+      ProtoWriteBuffer writer(&buffer, 0);
+      msg.encode(writer);
+      benchmark::DoNotOptimize(buffer.data());
+    }
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(CalcAndEncode_BLERawAdvs12_Fresh);
+
+#endif  // USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+
 }  // namespace esphome::api::benchmarks

tests/benchmarks/components/api/bench_send_sensor_state.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#if defined(USE_API_PLAINTEXT) && defined(USE_SENSOR)
+
+#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "bench_helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/components/api/api_connection.h"
+#include "esphome/components/api/api_server.h"
+#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
+
+namespace esphome::api {
+
+// Friend functions declared in APIConnection for benchmark access.
+void bench_enable_immediate_send(APIConnection *conn) { conn->flags_.should_try_send_immediately = true; }
+void bench_clear_batch(APIConnection *conn) { conn->clear_batch_(); }
+void bench_process_batch(APIConnection *conn) { conn->process_batch_(); }
+
+}  // namespace esphome::api
+
+namespace esphome::api::benchmarks {
+
+static constexpr int kInnerIterations = 2000;
+
+// Helper to create a TCP loopback connection with an APIConnection.
+// Returns the connection and the read-side fd for draining.
+static std::pair<std::unique_ptr<APIConnection>, int> create_api_connection() {
+  auto [sock, read_fd] = create_tcp_loopback();
+  auto conn = std::make_unique<APIConnection>(std::move(sock), global_api_server);
+  conn->start();
+  return {std::move(conn), read_fd};
+}
+
+// Test subclass to access protected configure_entity_() for benchmark setup.
+class TestSensor : public sensor::Sensor {
+ public:
+  void configure(const char *name) { this->configure_entity_(name, 0x12345678, 0); }
+};
+
+// --- send_sensor_state: immediate send path ---
+// Measures: send_message_smart_ → prepare buffer → dispatch_message_ →
+// try_send_sensor_state → fill key/device_id + proto encode → frame write →
+// TCP send. This is the per-client cost when batch_delay=0 and initial states
+// have been sent.
+
+static void SendSensorState_Immediate(benchmark::State &state) {
+  auto [conn, read_fd] = create_api_connection();
+  bench_enable_immediate_send(conn.get());
+  // batch_delay must be 0 for should_send_immediately_ to return true
+  uint16_t saved_delay = global_api_server->get_batch_delay();
+  global_api_server->set_batch_delay(0);
+
+  TestSensor sensor;
+  sensor.configure("test_sensor");
+  sensor.publish_state(23.5f);
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      conn->send_sensor_state(&sensor);
+    }
+    drain_socket(read_fd);
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(conn.get());
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+
+  global_api_server->set_batch_delay(saved_delay);
+  ::close(read_fd);
+}
+BENCHMARK(SendSensorState_Immediate);
+
+// --- send_sensor_state: batch path (cold — first call allocates) ---
+// Measures: send_message_smart_ → schedule_message_ → deferred batch add.
+// Includes one-time vector allocation cost.
+
+static void SendSensorState_Batch_Cold(benchmark::State &state) {
+  auto [conn, read_fd] = create_api_connection();
+
+  TestSensor sensor;
+  sensor.configure("test_sensor");
+  sensor.publish_state(23.5f);
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      conn->send_sensor_state(&sensor);
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(conn.get());
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+
+  ::close(read_fd);
+}
+BENCHMARK(SendSensorState_Batch_Cold);
+
+// --- send_sensor_state: batch path (warm — buffer already allocated) ---
+// Measures steady-state batch cost after the vector has been allocated
+// and cleared at least once. This is the typical path during normal
+// operation after the first batch has been processed.
+
+static void SendSensorState_Batch_Warm(benchmark::State &state) {
+  auto [conn, read_fd] = create_api_connection();
+
+  TestSensor sensor;
+  sensor.configure("test_sensor");
+  sensor.publish_state(23.5f);
+
+  // Warm up: send once to allocate, then clear to keep capacity
+  conn->send_sensor_state(&sensor);
+  bench_clear_batch(conn.get());
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      conn->send_sensor_state(&sensor);
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(conn.get());
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+
+  ::close(read_fd);
+}
+BENCHMARK(SendSensorState_Batch_Warm);
+
+// --- process_batch_: single sensor state (encode + frame + write) ---
+// Measures the deferred batch processing path: dispatch_message_ →
+// try_send_sensor_state → fill + proto encode → send_buffer → frame write.
+// This is the cost paid on the next loop() after batching.
+
+static void ProcessBatch_SingleSensor(benchmark::State &state) {
+  auto [conn, read_fd] = create_api_connection();
+
+  TestSensor sensor;
+  sensor.configure("test_sensor");
+  sensor.publish_state(23.5f);
+
+  // Warm up batch vector
+  conn->send_sensor_state(&sensor);
+  bench_process_batch(conn.get());
+  drain_socket(read_fd);
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      conn->send_sensor_state(&sensor);
+      bench_process_batch(conn.get());
+    }
+    drain_socket(read_fd);
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(conn.get());
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+
+  ::close(read_fd);
+}
+BENCHMARK(ProcessBatch_SingleSensor);
+
+// --- process_batch_: 5 different sensors ---
+// Measures batch processing with multiple items queued.
+// This exercises the multi-message path in process_batch_.
+
+static void ProcessBatch_5Sensors(benchmark::State &state) {
+  auto [conn, read_fd] = create_api_connection();
+
+  TestSensor sensors[5];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+    char name[20];
+    snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "sensor_%d", i);
+    sensors[i].configure(name);
+    sensors[i].publish_state(23.5f + static_cast<float>(i));
+  }
+
+  // Warm up batch vector
+  for (auto &s : sensors)
+    conn->send_sensor_state(&s);
+  bench_process_batch(conn.get());
+  drain_socket(read_fd);
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      for (auto &s : sensors)
+        conn->send_sensor_state(&s);
+      bench_process_batch(conn.get());
+    }
+    drain_socket(read_fd);
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(conn.get());
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+
+  ::close(read_fd);
+}
+BENCHMARK(ProcessBatch_5Sensors);
+
+}  // namespace esphome::api::benchmarks
+
+#endif  // USE_API_PLAINTEXT && USE_SENSOR

tests/benchmarks/components/climate/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
+
+
+def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
+    manifest.enable_codegen()

tests/benchmarks/components/climate/bench_climate.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/climate/climate.h"
+
+namespace esphome::benchmarks {
+
+// Inner iteration count to amortize CodSpeed instrumentation overhead.
+static constexpr int kInnerIterations = 2000;
+
+// Minimal Climate for benchmarking — control() is a no-op.
+class BenchClimate : public climate::Climate {
+ public:
+  void configure(const char *name) { this->configure_entity_(name, 0x12345678, 0); }
+
+  climate::ClimateTraits traits() override { return this->traits_; }
+
+  climate::ClimateTraits traits_;
+
+ protected:
+  void control(const climate::ClimateCall & /*call*/) override {}
+};
+
+// Helper to create a typical HVAC climate device for benchmarks.
+// Note: setup() is not called (no preferences backend), so save_state_()
+// is effectively a no-op. This benchmarks the call/validation path, not persistence.
+static void setup_hvac_climate(BenchClimate &climate) {
+  climate.configure("test_climate");
+  climate.traits_.set_supported_modes({
+      climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF,
+      climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT_COOL,
+      climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL,
+      climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT,
+      climate::CLIMATE_MODE_FAN_ONLY,
+  });
+  climate.traits_.set_supported_fan_modes({
+      climate::CLIMATE_FAN_AUTO,
+      climate::CLIMATE_FAN_LOW,
+      climate::CLIMATE_FAN_MEDIUM,
+      climate::CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH,
+  });
+  climate.traits_.set_supported_swing_modes({
+      climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF,
+      climate::CLIMATE_SWING_BOTH,
+      climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL,
+      climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL,
+  });
+  climate.traits_.set_supported_presets({
+      climate::CLIMATE_PRESET_NONE,
+      climate::CLIMATE_PRESET_HOME,
+      climate::CLIMATE_PRESET_AWAY,
+  });
+  climate.traits_.set_visual_min_temperature(16.0f);
+  climate.traits_.set_visual_max_temperature(30.0f);
+  climate.traits_.set_visual_target_temperature_step(0.5f);
+  climate.traits_.set_visual_current_temperature_step(0.1f);
+  climate.traits_.add_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE | climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_ACTION);
+}
+
+// --- Climate::publish_state() with temperature update ---
+// Measures the publish path for a thermostat reporting state —
+// the hot path during HVAC operation.
+
+static void ClimatePublish_State(benchmark::State &state) {
+  BenchClimate climate;
+  setup_hvac_climate(climate);
+  climate.mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT;
+  climate.action = climate::CLIMATE_ACTION_HEATING;
+  climate.target_temperature = 22.0f;
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      climate.current_temperature = 20.0f + static_cast<float>(i % 100) / 10.0f;
+      climate.publish_state();
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(climate.current_temperature);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(ClimatePublish_State);
+
+// --- Climate::publish_state() with callback ---
+// Measures callback dispatch overhead.
+
+static void ClimatePublish_WithCallback(benchmark::State &state) {
+  BenchClimate climate;
+  setup_hvac_climate(climate);
+  climate.mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT;
+  climate.target_temperature = 22.0f;
+
+  uint64_t callback_count = 0;
+  climate.add_on_state_callback([&callback_count](climate::Climate & /*c*/) { callback_count++; });
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      climate.current_temperature = 20.0f + static_cast<float>(i % 100) / 10.0f;
+      climate.publish_state();
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(callback_count);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(ClimatePublish_WithCallback);
+
+// --- ClimateCall::perform() set target temperature ---
+// The most common climate call — adjusting the thermostat setpoint.
+
+static void ClimateCall_SetTemperature(benchmark::State &state) {
+  BenchClimate climate;
+  setup_hvac_climate(climate);
+  climate.mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT;
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      float temp = 18.0f + static_cast<float>(i % 25) * 0.5f;
+      climate.make_call().set_target_temperature(temp).perform();
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(climate.target_temperature);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(ClimateCall_SetTemperature);
+
+// --- ClimateCall::perform() mode change with fan ---
+// Exercises the validation path with multiple fields set.
+
+static void ClimateCall_ModeChange(benchmark::State &state) {
+  BenchClimate climate;
+  setup_hvac_climate(climate);
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      auto mode = (i % 2 == 0) ? climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT : climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL;
+      auto fan = (i % 2 == 0) ? climate::CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH : climate::CLIMATE_FAN_LOW;
+      climate.make_call().set_mode(mode).set_fan_mode(fan).set_target_temperature(22.0f).perform();
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(climate.mode);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(ClimateCall_ModeChange);
+
+}  // namespace esphome::benchmarks

tests/benchmarks/components/climate/benchmark.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+climate:

tests/benchmarks/components/cover/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
+
+
+def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
+    manifest.enable_codegen()

tests/benchmarks/components/cover/bench_cover_publish.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/cover/cover.h"
+
+namespace esphome::benchmarks {
+
+// Inner iteration count to amortize CodSpeed instrumentation overhead.
+static constexpr int kInnerIterations = 2000;
+
+// Minimal Cover for benchmarking — control() is a no-op.
+class BenchCover : public cover::Cover {
+ public:
+  cover::CoverTraits get_traits() override { return this->traits_; }
+  void configure(const char *name) { this->configure_entity_(name, 0x12345678, 0); }
+
+  cover::CoverTraits traits_;
+
+ protected:
+  void control(const cover::CoverCall & /*call*/) override {}
+};
+
+// --- Cover::publish_state() with position updates ---
+// Measures the publish path for a garage door reporting position
+// during open/close — the hot path during movement.
+
+static void CoverPublish_Position(benchmark::State &state) {
+  BenchCover cover;
+  cover.configure("test_cover");
+  cover.traits_.set_supports_position(true);
+  cover.traits_.set_supports_tilt(false);
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      cover.position = static_cast<float>(i % 101) / 100.0f;
+      cover.current_operation = (i % 2 == 0) ? cover::COVER_OPERATION_OPENING : cover::COVER_OPERATION_CLOSING;
+      cover.publish_state(false);
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(cover.position);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(CoverPublish_Position);
+
+// --- Cover::publish_state() with callback ---
+// Measures callback dispatch overhead.
+
+static void CoverPublish_WithCallback(benchmark::State &state) {
+  BenchCover cover;
+  cover.configure("test_cover");
+  cover.traits_.set_supports_position(true);
+
+  uint64_t callback_count = 0;
+  cover.add_on_state_callback([&callback_count]() { callback_count++; });
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      cover.position = static_cast<float>(i % 101) / 100.0f;
+      cover.publish_state(false);
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(callback_count);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(CoverPublish_WithCallback);
+
+// --- CoverCall::perform() open/close cycle ---
+// Measures the full call path: validation + control delegation.
+
+static void CoverCall_OpenClose(benchmark::State &state) {
+  BenchCover cover;
+  cover.configure("test_cover");
+  cover.traits_.set_supports_position(true);
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      if (i % 2 == 0) {
+        cover.make_call().set_command_open().perform();
+      } else {
+        cover.make_call().set_command_close().perform();
+      }
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(cover.position);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(CoverCall_OpenClose);
+
+// --- CoverCall::perform() set position ---
+// Measures the position-setting call path.
+
+static void CoverCall_SetPosition(benchmark::State &state) {
+  BenchCover cover;
+  cover.configure("test_cover");
+  cover.traits_.set_supports_position(true);
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      float pos = static_cast<float>(i % 101) / 100.0f;
+      cover.make_call().set_position(pos).perform();
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(cover.position);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(CoverCall_SetPosition);
+
+}  // namespace esphome::benchmarks

tests/benchmarks/components/cover/benchmark.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+cover:

tests/benchmarks/components/fan/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
+
+
+def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
+    manifest.enable_codegen()

tests/benchmarks/components/fan/bench_fan.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/fan/fan.h"
+
+namespace esphome::benchmarks {
+
+// Inner iteration count to amortize CodSpeed instrumentation overhead.
+static constexpr int kInnerIterations = 2000;
+
+// Minimal Fan for benchmarking — control() is a no-op.
+class BenchFan : public fan::Fan {
+ public:
+  void configure(const char *name) { this->configure_entity_(name, 0x12345678, 0); }
+
+  fan::FanTraits get_traits() override { return this->traits_; }
+
+  fan::FanTraits traits_;
+
+ protected:
+  void control(const fan::FanCall & /*call*/) override {}
+};
+
+// Helper to create a typical fan device for benchmarks.
+// Note: setup() is not called (no preferences backend), so save_state_()
+// is effectively a no-op. This benchmarks the call/validation path, not persistence.
+static void setup_fan(BenchFan &fan) {
+  fan.configure("test_fan");
+  fan.traits_.set_oscillation(true);
+  fan.traits_.set_speed(true);
+  fan.traits_.set_supported_speed_count(6);
+  fan.traits_.set_direction(true);
+  fan.set_restore_mode(fan::FanRestoreMode::NO_RESTORE);
+  fan.traits_.set_supported_preset_modes({
+      "auto",
+      "sleep",
+      "nature",
+      "turbo",
+  });
+}
+
+// --- Fan::publish_state() with speed update ---
+// Measures the publish path for a fan reporting state —
+// the hot path during fan operation.
+
+static void FanPublish_State(benchmark::State &state) {
+  BenchFan fan;
+  setup_fan(fan);
+  fan.state = true;
+  fan.direction = fan::FanDirection::FORWARD;
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      fan.speed = (i % 6) + 1;
+      fan.publish_state();
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(fan.speed);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(FanPublish_State);
+
+// --- Fan::publish_state() with callback ---
+// Measures callback dispatch overhead.
+
+static void FanPublish_WithCallback(benchmark::State &state) {
+  BenchFan fan;
+  setup_fan(fan);
+  fan.state = true;
+
+  uint64_t callback_count = 0;
+  fan.add_on_state_callback([&callback_count]() { callback_count++; });
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      fan.speed = (i % 6) + 1;
+      fan.publish_state();
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(callback_count);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(FanPublish_WithCallback);
+
+// --- FanCall::perform() set speed ---
+// The most common fan call — adjusting the speed level.
+
+static void FanCall_SetSpeed(benchmark::State &state) {
+  BenchFan fan;
+  setup_fan(fan);
+  fan.state = true;
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      int speed = (i % 6) + 1;
+      fan.make_call().set_speed(speed).perform();
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(fan.speed);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(FanCall_SetSpeed);
+
+// --- FanCall::perform() with multiple fields ---
+// Exercises the validation path with state, speed, oscillation, and direction.
+
+static void FanCall_MultiField(benchmark::State &state) {
+  BenchFan fan;
+  setup_fan(fan);
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      auto dir = (i % 2 == 0) ? fan::FanDirection::FORWARD : fan::FanDirection::REVERSE;
+      int speed = (i % 6) + 1;
+      fan.make_call().set_state(true).set_speed(speed).set_oscillating(i % 2 == 0).set_direction(dir).perform();
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(fan.state);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(FanCall_MultiField);
+
+}  // namespace esphome::benchmarks

tests/benchmarks/components/fan/benchmark.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+fan:

tests/benchmarks/components/light/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components.light import generate_gamma_table
+from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
+
+
+def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
+    # Light benchmarks need USE_LIGHT_GAMMA_LUT defined and a gamma table
+    # with external linkage that the benchmark .cpp can reference.
+    manifest.enable_codegen()
+    original_to_code = manifest.to_code
+
+    async def to_code(config):
+        await original_to_code(config)
+        cg.add_define("USE_LIGHT_GAMMA_LUT")
+        # Use the light component's own generate_gamma_table() so the
+        # benchmark stays in sync with any formula changes.
+        forward = generate_gamma_table(2.8)
+        values = ", ".join(f"0x{int(v):04X}" for v in forward)
+        # Use extern-visible (non-static) array so the benchmark .cpp
+        # can reference it via extern declaration.
+        cg.add_global(
+            cg.RawStatement(
+                f"extern const uint16_t bench_gamma_2_8_fwd[256] PROGMEM = {{{values}}};"
+            )
+        )
+
+    to_code.priority = original_to_code.priority
+    manifest.to_code = to_code

tests/benchmarks/components/light/bench_light_call.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/light/light_output.h"
+#include "esphome/components/light/light_state.h"
+
+// Gamma 2.8 forward LUT generated by the light component's Python codegen
+// (see tests/benchmarks/components/light/__init__.py which calls generate_gamma_table())
+extern const uint16_t bench_gamma_2_8_fwd[256];
+
+namespace esphome::benchmarks {
+
+// Inner iteration count to amortize CodSpeed instrumentation overhead.
+static constexpr int kInnerIterations = 2000;
+
+// Minimal LightOutput for benchmarking — no real hardware interaction.
+class BenchLightOutput : public light::LightOutput {
+ public:
+  light::LightTraits get_traits() override { return this->traits_; }
+  void write_state(light::LightState * /*state*/) override {}
+
+  light::LightTraits traits_;
+};
+
+// Test subclass to access protected configure_entity_() for benchmark setup.
+class TestLightState : public light::LightState {
+ public:
+  using LightState::LightState;
+  void configure(const char *name) { this->configure_entity_(name, 0x12345678, 0); }
+};
+
+// Helper to create a configured RGBWW light state for benchmarks.
+// Note: setup() is not called (no preferences backend), so save_remote_values_()
+// is effectively a no-op. This benchmarks the call/validation path, not persistence.
+static void setup_rgbww_light(BenchLightOutput &output, TestLightState &light) {
+  output.traits_.set_supported_color_modes({light::ColorMode::RGB_COLD_WARM_WHITE});
+  output.traits_.set_min_mireds(153.0f);
+  output.traits_.set_max_mireds(500.0f);
+  light.configure("test_light");
+  light.set_default_transition_length(0);
+  light.set_gamma_correct(2.8f);
+  light.set_gamma_table(bench_gamma_2_8_fwd);
+  light.set_restore_mode(light::LIGHT_ALWAYS_OFF);
+}
+
+// --- LightCall::perform() with instant RGB color change (Home Assistant API path) ---
+// Measures the full call path: validation, set_immediately_, publish, and save.
+// HA sends color_mode explicitly since API 1.6.
+
+static void LightCall_RGBInstant(benchmark::State &state) {
+  BenchLightOutput output;
+  TestLightState light(&output);
+  setup_rgbww_light(output, light);
+
+  // Turn on first so subsequent calls are color changes
+  light.make_call().set_state(true).set_brightness(1.0f).set_color_brightness(1.0f).set_transition_length(0).perform();
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      float v = static_cast<float>(i % 256) / 255.0f;
+      light.make_call()
+          .set_color_mode(light::ColorMode::RGB_COLD_WARM_WHITE)
+          .set_red(v)
+          .set_green(1.0f - v)
+          .set_blue(v * 0.5f)
+          .set_transition_length(0)
+          .perform();
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(light.remote_values);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(LightCall_RGBInstant);
+
+// --- LightCall::perform() turn on/off cycle (Home Assistant API path) ---
+// HA sends color_mode explicitly since API 1.6, skipping compute_color_mode_().
+
+static void LightCall_ToggleOnOff(benchmark::State &state) {
+  BenchLightOutput output;
+  TestLightState light(&output);
+  setup_rgbww_light(output, light);
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      light.make_call()
+          .set_state(i % 2 == 0)
+          .set_color_mode(light::ColorMode::RGB_COLD_WARM_WHITE)
+          .set_transition_length(0)
+          .perform();
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(light.remote_values);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(LightCall_ToggleOnOff);
+
+// --- LightCall::perform() turn on/off via MQTT ---
+// MQTT never sends color_mode, so compute_color_mode_() runs every call.
+
+static void LightCall_ToggleOnOff_MQTT(benchmark::State &state) {
+  BenchLightOutput output;
+  TestLightState light(&output);
+  setup_rgbww_light(output, light);
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      light.make_call().set_state(i % 2 == 0).set_transition_length(0).perform();
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(light.remote_values);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(LightCall_ToggleOnOff_MQTT);
+
+// --- LightCall::perform() with color temperature via MQTT ---
+// Exercises the transform_parameters_() path that converts color_temperature
+// to cold/warm white fractions. MQTT never sends color_mode, so this also
+// hits compute_color_mode_() every call. Modern HA avoids this path entirely
+// by converting color temp to CW/WW client-side.
+
+static void LightCall_ColorTemperature_MQTT(benchmark::State &state) {
+  BenchLightOutput output;
+  TestLightState light(&output);
+  setup_rgbww_light(output, light);
+
+  light.make_call().set_state(true).set_brightness(1.0f).set_transition_length(0).perform();
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      // Sweep through color temperature range
+      float ct = 153.0f + static_cast<float>(i % 348);
+      light.make_call().set_color_temperature(ct).set_transition_length(0).perform();
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(light.remote_values);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(LightCall_ColorTemperature_MQTT);
+
+// --- LightCall::perform() with 1s transition (Home Assistant API path) ---
+// Exercises start_transition_() which allocates a LightTransformer.
+// This is the default HA path when transition_length > 0.
+
+static void LightCall_Transition(benchmark::State &state) {
+  BenchLightOutput output;
+  TestLightState light(&output);
+  setup_rgbww_light(output, light);
+
+  light.make_call().set_state(true).set_brightness(1.0f).set_transition_length(0).perform();
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      float v = static_cast<float>(i % 256) / 255.0f;
+      light.make_call()
+          .set_color_mode(light::ColorMode::RGB_COLD_WARM_WHITE)
+          .set_red(v)
+          .set_green(1.0f - v)
+          .set_blue(v * 0.5f)
+          .set_transition_length(1000)
+          .perform();
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(light.remote_values);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(LightCall_Transition);
+
+// --- LightCall::perform() with cold/warm white (Home Assistant API path) ---
+// Mirrors what modern HA sends: explicit color_mode with direct cold_white
+// and warm_white values. HA converts color temp to CW/WW client-side for
+// CWWW lights (API >= 1.6), so this is the primary HA path.
+
+static void LightCall_ColdWarmWhite(benchmark::State &state) {
+  BenchLightOutput output;
+  TestLightState light(&output);
+  setup_rgbww_light(output, light);
+
+  light.make_call().set_state(true).set_brightness(1.0f).set_transition_length(0).perform();
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      float frac = static_cast<float>(i % 256) / 255.0f;
+      light.make_call()
+          .set_color_mode(light::ColorMode::RGB_COLD_WARM_WHITE)
+          .set_cold_white(1.0f - frac)
+          .set_warm_white(frac)
+          .set_transition_length(0)
+          .perform();
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(light.remote_values);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(LightCall_ColdWarmWhite);
+
+// --- LightState::publish_state() with a remote values listener ---
+// Measures listener notification overhead.
+
+static void LightPublish_WithListener(benchmark::State &state) {
+  BenchLightOutput output;
+  TestLightState light(&output);
+  setup_rgbww_light(output, light);
+
+  struct TestListener : public light::LightRemoteValuesListener {
+    void on_light_remote_values_update() override { count_++; }
+    uint64_t count_{0};
+  } listener;
+  light.add_remote_values_listener(&listener);
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      light.publish_state();
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(listener.count_);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(LightPublish_WithListener);
+
+// --- current_values_as_rgbww output conversion with gamma LUT ---
+// Measures the output conversion path that real light drivers call
+// from write_state() to get hardware PWM values, including gamma
+// table lookups via the LUT generated by Python codegen.
+
+static void LightOutput_RGBWW(benchmark::State &state) {
+  BenchLightOutput output;
+  TestLightState light(&output);
+  setup_rgbww_light(output, light);
+
+  light.make_call()
+      .set_state(true)
+      .set_brightness(0.8f)
+      .set_color_brightness(0.6f)
+      .set_red(1.0f)
+      .set_green(0.5f)
+      .set_blue(0.2f)
+      .set_cold_white(0.7f)
+      .set_warm_white(0.3f)
+      .set_transition_length(0)
+      .perform();
+
+  float r, g, b, cw, ww;
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < kInnerIterations; i++) {
+      light.current_values_as_rgbww(&r, &g, &b, &cw, &ww);
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(r);
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(cw);
+  }
+  state.SetItemsProcessed(state.iterations() * kInnerIterations);
+}
+BENCHMARK(LightOutput_RGBWW);
+
+}  // namespace esphome::benchmarks

tests/benchmarks/components/light/benchmark.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+light:

tests/benchmarks/stubs/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// Stub for benchmark builds — provides the minimal interface that
+// api_connection.cpp needs when USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY is defined,
+// without pulling in ESP32 BLE dependencies.
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace api {
+class APIConnection;
+}  // namespace api
+
+namespace bluetooth_proxy {
+
+class BluetoothProxy {
+ public:
+  api::APIConnection *get_api_connection() const { return nullptr; }
+  void subscribe_api_connection(api::APIConnection *conn, uint32_t flags) {}
+  void unsubscribe_api_connection(api::APIConnection *conn) {}
+  void bluetooth_device_request(const api::BluetoothDeviceRequest &msg) {}
+  void bluetooth_gatt_read(const api::BluetoothGATTReadRequest &msg) {}
+  void bluetooth_gatt_write(const api::BluetoothGATTWriteRequest &msg) {}
+  void bluetooth_gatt_read_descriptor(const api::BluetoothGATTReadDescriptorRequest &msg) {}
+  void bluetooth_gatt_write_descriptor(const api::BluetoothGATTWriteDescriptorRequest &msg) {}
+  void bluetooth_gatt_send_services(const api::BluetoothGATTGetServicesRequest &msg) {}
+  void bluetooth_gatt_notify(const api::BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest &msg) {}
+  void send_connections_free(api::APIConnection *conn) {}
+  void bluetooth_scanner_set_mode(bool active) {}
+  void bluetooth_set_connection_params(const api::BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest &msg) {}
+  uint32_t get_feature_flags() const { return 0; }
+  void get_bluetooth_mac_address_pretty(char *buf) const { buf[0] = '\0'; }
+};
+
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+extern BluetoothProxy *global_bluetooth_proxy;
+
+}  // namespace bluetooth_proxy
+}  // namespace esphome

tests/component_tests/font/.gitattributes

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+*.pcf -text
+*.ttf -text

tests/component_tests/font/test_font.py

@@ -0,0 +1,337 @@
+"""Tests for the font component.
+
+Focuses on verifying that long multi-byte (Chinese/CJK) glyph strings
+are correctly processed through the font configuration pipeline.
+"""
+
+import functools
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.components.font import (
+    CONF_BPP,
+    CONF_EXTRAS,
+    CONF_GLYPHSETS,
+    CONF_IGNORE_MISSING_GLYPHS,
+    CONF_RAW_GLYPH_ID,
+    FONT_CACHE,
+    flatten,
+    glyph_comparator,
+    to_code,
+    validate_font_config,
+)
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_FILE,
+    CONF_GLYPHS,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_PATH,
+    CONF_RAW_DATA_ID,
+    CONF_SIZE,
+    CONF_TYPE,
+)
+
+FONT_DIR = Path(__file__).parent
+FONT_PATH = FONT_DIR / "NotoSans-Regular.ttf"
+
+# 200 unique CJK Unified Ideograph characters (U+4E00..U+4EC7)
+CHINESE_200 = "".join(chr(cp) for cp in range(0x4E00, 0x4EC8))
+
+
+def _file_conf() -> dict:
+    return {CONF_PATH: str(FONT_PATH), CONF_TYPE: "local"}
+
+
+def _make_config(
+    glyphs: list[str],
+    *,
+    ignore_missing: bool = False,
+    size: int = 20,
+    bpp: int = 1,
+    extras: list | None = None,
+    glyphsets: list | None = None,
+) -> dict:
+    """Build a config dict matching what FONT_SCHEMA produces."""
+    return {
+        CONF_FILE: _file_conf(),
+        CONF_GLYPHS: glyphs,
+        CONF_GLYPHSETS: glyphsets or [],
+        CONF_IGNORE_MISSING_GLYPHS: ignore_missing,
+        CONF_SIZE: size,
+        CONF_BPP: bpp,
+        CONF_EXTRAS: extras or [],
+    }
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def _load_font():
+    """Load the test font into FONT_CACHE and clean up afterwards."""
+    fc = _file_conf()
+    FONT_CACHE[fc] = FONT_PATH
+    yield
+    FONT_CACHE.store.clear()
+
+
+# ---------- flatten / glyph_comparator helpers ----------
+
+
+def test_flatten_splits_chinese_string_into_chars():
+    """A single string of 200 Chinese characters must become 200 individual chars."""
+    result = flatten([CHINESE_200])
+    assert len(result) == 200
+    assert all(len(c) == 1 for c in result)
+    assert result[0] == "\u4e00"
+    assert result[-1] == "\u4ec7"
+
+
+def test_flatten_multiple_chinese_strings():
+    """Multiple glyph strings are concatenated then split correctly."""
+    s1 = CHINESE_200[:100]
+    s2 = CHINESE_200[100:]
+    result = flatten([list(s1), list(s2)])
+    assert len(result) == 200
+
+
+def test_glyph_comparator_orders_chinese_by_utf8():
+    """glyph_comparator must order CJK characters by their UTF-8 byte sequence."""
+    chars = list(CHINESE_200[:10])
+    sorted_chars = sorted(chars, key=functools.cmp_to_key(glyph_comparator))
+    # CJK block is contiguous and UTF-8 order matches codepoint order here
+    assert sorted_chars == chars
+
+
+def test_glyph_comparator_mixed_ascii_and_chinese():
+    """ASCII characters sort before CJK characters (lower UTF-8 bytes)."""
+    assert glyph_comparator("A", "\u4e00") == -1
+    assert glyph_comparator("\u4e00", "A") == 1
+    assert glyph_comparator("\u4e00", "\u4e00") == 0
+
+
+# ---------- validate_font_config ----------
+
+
+def test_long_chinese_glyphs_raises_missing_error():
+    """200 Chinese chars not present in NotoSans must raise Invalid with the correct count."""
+    config = _make_config([CHINESE_200])
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match=r"missing 200 glyphs"):
+        validate_font_config(config)
+
+
+def test_long_chinese_glyphs_error_mentions_overflow():
+    """When more than 10 glyphs are missing the error should mention the remainder."""
+    config = _make_config([CHINESE_200])
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match=r"and 190 more"):
+        validate_font_config(config)
+
+
+def test_duplicate_chinese_glyphs_detected():
+    """Duplicate CJK characters within a single glyph string must be caught."""
+    duped = "\u4e00\u4e01\u4e00"  # first char repeated
+    config = _make_config([duped])
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="duplicate"):
+        validate_font_config(config)
+
+
+def test_duplicate_chinese_across_strings():
+    """Duplicates across separate glyph strings are also caught."""
+    config = _make_config(["\u4e00\u4e01", "\u4e01\u4e02"])
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="duplicate"):
+        validate_font_config(config)
+
+
+def test_no_false_duplicates_in_200_unique_chinese():
+    """200 unique CJK characters must not trigger the duplicate check."""
+    config = _make_config([CHINESE_200])
+    # Should not raise duplicate error — it should reach the missing-glyph check instead
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="missing"):
+        validate_font_config(config)
+
+
+def test_valid_latin_glyphs_pass_validation():
+    """Latin characters present in NotoSans-Regular pass validation without error."""
+    config = _make_config(["ABCabc123"])
+    result = validate_font_config(config)
+    assert result is not None
+    assert result[CONF_SIZE] == 20
+
+
+def test_long_latin_glyphs_pass_validation():
+    """A long string of supported Latin glyphs passes validation."""
+    # 95 printable ASCII characters that NotoSans supports
+    latin = "".join(chr(cp) for cp in range(0x21, 0x7F))
+    config = _make_config([latin])
+    result = validate_font_config(config)
+    assert result is not None
+
+
+def test_mixed_latin_and_chinese_glyphs_error():
+    """Mixing valid Latin and invalid Chinese chars reports missing Chinese glyphs."""
+    chinese_10 = CHINESE_200[:10]
+    config = _make_config(["ABC", chinese_10])
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match=r"missing 10 glyphs"):
+        validate_font_config(config)
+
+
+def test_single_chinese_char_glyph():
+    """A single Chinese character is correctly handled as one glyph."""
+    config = _make_config(["\u4e00"])
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match=r"missing 1 glyph[^s]"):
+        validate_font_config(config)
+
+
+def test_chinese_glyphs_as_individual_list_items():
+    """Chinese chars provided as separate list items are handled the same as a single string."""
+    chars_as_list = list(CHINESE_200[:50])
+    config = _make_config(chars_as_list)
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match=r"missing 50 glyphs"):
+        validate_font_config(config)
+
+
+# ---------- YAML parsing ----------
+
+
+def test_yaml_long_latin_glyphs_parsed_and_validated(tmp_path):
+    """200 Latin Extended chars on a single YAML line are parsed intact and pass validation."""
+    from esphome.yaml_util import load_yaml
+
+    latin_long = "".join(chr(cp) for cp in range(0x100, 0x1C8))
+    yaml_file = tmp_path / "font_test.yaml"
+    yaml_file.write_text(
+        f'font:\n  - file: "NotoSans-Regular.ttf"\n    glyphs: "{latin_long}"\n',
+        encoding="utf-8",
+    )
+
+    parsed = load_yaml(yaml_file)
+    raw_glyphs = parsed["font"][0]["glyphs"]
+
+    # YAML must preserve every Unicode character on the single line
+    assert raw_glyphs == latin_long
+    assert len(raw_glyphs) == 200
+
+    # Feed through validate_font_config to confirm all glyphs are accepted
+    config = _make_config([raw_glyphs])
+    result = validate_font_config(config)
+    assert result is not None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "glyphs_str",
+    [
+        " ABC",  # space at start
+        "AB CD",  # space in middle
+        "ABC ",  # space at end
+    ],
+    ids=["start", "middle", "end"],
+)
+def test_yaml_space_in_glyphs_preserved(tmp_path, glyphs_str):
+    """A space character in a glyphs string must survive YAML round-trip and validation."""
+    from esphome.yaml_util import load_yaml
+
+    yaml_file = tmp_path / "font_test.yaml"
+    yaml_file.write_text(
+        f'font:\n  - file: "NotoSans-Regular.ttf"\n    glyphs: "{glyphs_str}"\n',
+        encoding="utf-8",
+    )
+
+    parsed = load_yaml(yaml_file)
+    raw_glyphs = parsed["font"][0]["glyphs"]
+
+    assert raw_glyphs == glyphs_str
+    assert " " in raw_glyphs
+
+    # Space and ASCII letters are all in NotoSans — validation must pass
+    config = _make_config([raw_glyphs])
+    result = validate_font_config(config)
+    assert result is not None
+
+
+# ---------- to_code generation ----------
+
+
+# 200 unique Latin Extended characters (U+0100..U+01C7), all present in NotoSans
+LATIN_LONG = "".join(chr(cp) for cp in range(0x100, 0x1C8))
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def mock_cg():
+    """Mock all cg codegen functions used by to_code."""
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.components.font.cg.add_define") as mock_define,
+        patch("esphome.components.font.cg.progmem_array") as mock_progmem,
+        patch("esphome.components.font.cg.static_const_array") as mock_static,
+        patch("esphome.components.font.cg.new_Pvariable") as mock_new_pvar,
+    ):
+        mock_progmem.return_value = MagicMock()
+        mock_static.return_value = MagicMock()
+        yield {
+            "add_define": mock_define,
+            "progmem_array": mock_progmem,
+            "static_const_array": mock_static,
+            "new_Pvariable": mock_new_pvar,
+        }
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_to_code_long_latin_generates_all_glyphs(mock_cg):
+    """to_code must generate glyph data for every character in a long Latin string."""
+    glyph_count = len(LATIN_LONG)  # 200
+    config = _make_config([LATIN_LONG])
+    config[CONF_ID] = MagicMock()
+    config[CONF_RAW_DATA_ID] = MagicMock()
+    config[CONF_RAW_GLYPH_ID] = MagicMock()
+
+    await to_code(config)
+
+    # USE_FONT define must be emitted
+    mock_cg["add_define"].assert_any_call("USE_FONT")
+
+    # progmem_array receives the combined bitmap data (non-empty)
+    mock_cg["progmem_array"].assert_called_once()
+    bitmap_data = mock_cg["progmem_array"].call_args.args[1]
+    assert len(bitmap_data) > 0
+
+    # static_const_array receives one entry per unique glyph
+    mock_cg["static_const_array"].assert_called_once()
+    glyph_initializer = mock_cg["static_const_array"].call_args.args[1]
+    assert len(glyph_initializer) == glyph_count
+
+    # new_Pvariable is called with the correct glyph count
+    mock_cg["new_Pvariable"].assert_called_once()
+    pvar_args = mock_cg["new_Pvariable"].call_args.args
+    assert pvar_args[2] == glyph_count  # len(glyph_initializer)
+    assert pvar_args[8] == 1  # bpp
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_to_code_glyph_entries_contain_expected_fields(mock_cg):
+    """Each glyph initializer entry must have 7 fields: codepoint, data ptr, advance, offset_x, offset_y, w, h."""
+    config = _make_config([LATIN_LONG])
+    config[CONF_ID] = MagicMock()
+    config[CONF_RAW_DATA_ID] = MagicMock()
+    config[CONF_RAW_GLYPH_ID] = MagicMock()
+
+    await to_code(config)
+
+    glyph_initializer = mock_cg["static_const_array"].call_args.args[1]
+    for entry in glyph_initializer:
+        assert len(entry) == 7, f"Glyph entry should have 7 fields, got {len(entry)}"
+        codepoint = entry[0]
+        assert isinstance(codepoint, int)
+        assert 0x100 <= codepoint <= 0x1C7
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_to_code_glyphs_sorted_by_utf8(mock_cg):
+    """Glyphs in the initializer must be sorted by UTF-8 byte order."""
+    config = _make_config([LATIN_LONG])
+    config[CONF_ID] = MagicMock()
+    config[CONF_RAW_DATA_ID] = MagicMock()
+    config[CONF_RAW_GLYPH_ID] = MagicMock()
+
+    await to_code(config)
+
+    glyph_initializer = mock_cg["static_const_array"].call_args.args[1]
+    codepoints = [entry[0] for entry in glyph_initializer]
+    assert codepoints == sorted(codepoints)

tests/component_tests/light/test_effect_validation.py

@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+"""Tests for light effect name validation."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from contextvars import Token
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components.light import (
+    EffectRef,
+    _final_validate,
+    _get_data,
+    available_effects_str,
+    find_effect_index,
+)
+from esphome.components.light.automation import _record_effect_ref
+from esphome.config import Config, path_context
+from esphome.const import CONF_EFFECT, CONF_EFFECTS, CONF_ID, CONF_NAME
+from esphome.core import ID, Lambda
+import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+
+def _make_effects(*names: str) -> list[dict[str, dict[str, str]]]:
+    """Create a list of effect config dicts from names."""
+    return [{f"effect_{i}": {CONF_NAME: name}} for i, name in enumerate(names)]
+
+
+# --- find_effect_index ---
+
+
+def test_find_effect_index_found() -> None:
+    effects = _make_effects("Fast Pulse", "Slow Pulse")
+    assert find_effect_index(effects, "Fast Pulse") == 1
+    assert find_effect_index(effects, "Slow Pulse") == 2
+
+
+def test_find_effect_index_case_insensitive() -> None:
+    effects = _make_effects("Fast Pulse")
+    assert find_effect_index(effects, "fast pulse") == 1
+    assert find_effect_index(effects, "FAST PULSE") == 1
+
+
+def test_find_effect_index_not_found() -> None:
+    effects = _make_effects("Fast Pulse", "Slow Pulse")
+    assert find_effect_index(effects, "Missing") is None
+
+
+def test_find_effect_index_empty() -> None:
+    assert find_effect_index([], "anything") is None
+
+
+# --- available_effects_str ---
+
+
+def test_available_effects_str_multiple() -> None:
+    effects = _make_effects("Fast Pulse", "Slow Pulse")
+    assert available_effects_str(effects) == "'Fast Pulse', 'Slow Pulse'"
+
+
+def test_available_effects_str_single() -> None:
+    effects = _make_effects("Fast Pulse")
+    assert available_effects_str(effects) == "'Fast Pulse'"
+
+
+def test_available_effects_str_empty() -> None:
+    assert available_effects_str([]) == "none"
+
+
+# --- _final_validate ---
+
+
+def _setup_final_validate(
+    effect_refs: list[EffectRef],
+    light_configs: list[ConfigType],
+    declare_ids: list[tuple[ID, list[str | int]]],
+) -> Token:
+    """Set up CORE.data and fv.full_config for _final_validate tests."""
+    data = _get_data()
+    data.effect_refs = effect_refs
+
+    full_conf = Config()
+    full_conf["light"] = light_configs
+    for id_, path in declare_ids:
+        full_conf.declare_ids.append((id_, path))
+
+    return fv.full_config.set(full_conf)
+
+
+def test_final_validate_valid_effect() -> None:
+    """Valid effect name should not raise."""
+    light_id = ID("led1", is_declaration=True)
+    token = _setup_final_validate(
+        effect_refs=[
+            EffectRef(
+                light_id=light_id, effect_name="Fast Pulse", component_path=["esphome"]
+            ),
+        ],
+        light_configs=[
+            {CONF_ID: light_id, CONF_EFFECTS: _make_effects("Fast Pulse", "Slow Pulse")}
+        ],
+        declare_ids=[(light_id, ["light", 0, CONF_ID])],
+    )
+    try:
+        _final_validate({})
+    finally:
+        fv.full_config.reset(token)
+
+
+def test_final_validate_invalid_effect_raises() -> None:
+    """Invalid effect name should raise FinalExternalInvalid."""
+    light_id = ID("led1", is_declaration=True)
+    token = _setup_final_validate(
+        effect_refs=[
+            EffectRef(
+                light_id=light_id, effect_name="Nonexistent", component_path=["esphome"]
+            ),
+        ],
+        light_configs=[
+            {CONF_ID: light_id, CONF_EFFECTS: _make_effects("Fast Pulse", "Slow Pulse")}
+        ],
+        declare_ids=[(light_id, ["light", 0, CONF_ID])],
+    )
+    try:
+        with pytest.raises(cv.FinalExternalInvalid, match="Nonexistent"):
+            _final_validate({})
+    finally:
+        fv.full_config.reset(token)
+
+
+def test_final_validate_lists_available_effects() -> None:
+    """Error message should list available effects."""
+    light_id = ID("led1", is_declaration=True)
+    token = _setup_final_validate(
+        effect_refs=[
+            EffectRef(
+                light_id=light_id, effect_name="Missing", component_path=["esphome"]
+            ),
+        ],
+        light_configs=[
+            {CONF_ID: light_id, CONF_EFFECTS: _make_effects("Fast Pulse", "Slow Pulse")}
+        ],
+        declare_ids=[(light_id, ["light", 0, CONF_ID])],
+    )
+    try:
+        with pytest.raises(cv.FinalExternalInvalid, match="'Fast Pulse', 'Slow Pulse'"):
+            _final_validate({})
+    finally:
+        fv.full_config.reset(token)
+
+
+def test_final_validate_no_effects_on_light() -> None:
+    """Light with no effects should report 'none' as available."""
+    light_id = ID("led1", is_declaration=True)
+    token = _setup_final_validate(
+        effect_refs=[
+            EffectRef(
+                light_id=light_id, effect_name="Missing", component_path=["esphome"]
+            ),
+        ],
+        light_configs=[{CONF_ID: light_id}],
+        declare_ids=[(light_id, ["light", 0, CONF_ID])],
+    )
+    try:
+        with pytest.raises(cv.FinalExternalInvalid, match="Available effects: none"):
+            _final_validate({})
+    finally:
+        fv.full_config.reset(token)
+
+
+def test_final_validate_no_refs_is_noop() -> None:
+    """No stored refs should pass without error."""
+    data = _get_data()
+    data.effect_refs = []
+    _final_validate({})
+
+
+def test_final_validate_unknown_light_id_skipped() -> None:
+    """Refs to unknown light IDs should be silently skipped."""
+    data = _get_data()
+    data.effect_refs = [
+        EffectRef(
+            light_id=ID("nonexistent", is_declaration=True),
+            effect_name="Missing",
+            component_path=["esphome"],
+        )
+    ]
+
+    full_conf = Config()
+    token = fv.full_config.set(full_conf)
+    try:
+        _final_validate({})
+    finally:
+        fv.full_config.reset(token)
+
+
+def test_final_validate_drains_refs() -> None:
+    """Refs should be drained after validation to avoid redundant runs."""
+    light_id = ID("led1", is_declaration=True)
+    token = _setup_final_validate(
+        effect_refs=[
+            EffectRef(
+                light_id=light_id, effect_name="Fast Pulse", component_path=["esphome"]
+            ),
+        ],
+        light_configs=[{CONF_ID: light_id, CONF_EFFECTS: _make_effects("Fast Pulse")}],
+        declare_ids=[(light_id, ["light", 0, CONF_ID])],
+    )
+    try:
+        _final_validate({})
+        assert _get_data().effect_refs == []
+    finally:
+        fv.full_config.reset(token)
+
+
+# --- _record_effect_ref ---
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def _path_ctx() -> Generator[None]:
+    """Set path_context for _record_effect_ref tests."""
+    token = path_context.set(["esphome"])
+    yield
+    path_context.reset(token)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("_path_ctx")
+def test_record_effect_ref_static() -> None:
+    """Static effect name should be recorded."""
+    light_id = ID("led1", is_declaration=True)
+    config: ConfigType = {CONF_ID: light_id, CONF_EFFECT: "Fast Pulse"}
+    result = _record_effect_ref(config)
+    assert result is config
+    data = _get_data()
+    assert len(data.effect_refs) == 1
+    assert data.effect_refs[0].effect_name == "Fast Pulse"
+    assert data.effect_refs[0].light_id is light_id
+    assert data.effect_refs[0].component_path == ["esphome"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("_path_ctx")
+def test_record_effect_ref_skips_lambda() -> None:
+    """Lambda effect should not be recorded."""
+    config: ConfigType = {
+        CONF_ID: ID("led1", is_declaration=True),
+        CONF_EFFECT: Lambda("return effect;"),
+    }
+    _record_effect_ref(config)
+    assert _get_data().effect_refs == []
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("_path_ctx")
+def test_record_effect_ref_skips_none() -> None:
+    """Effect 'None' should not be recorded."""
+    config: ConfigType = {
+        CONF_ID: ID("led1", is_declaration=True),
+        CONF_EFFECT: "None",
+    }
+    _record_effect_ref(config)
+    assert _get_data().effect_refs == []
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("_path_ctx")
+def test_record_effect_ref_skips_none_case_insensitive() -> None:
+    """Effect 'none' (lowercase) should not be recorded."""
+    config: ConfigType = {
+        CONF_ID: ID("led1", is_declaration=True),
+        CONF_EFFECT: "none",
+    }
+    _record_effect_ref(config)
+    assert _get_data().effect_refs == []
+
+
+def test_record_effect_ref_skips_no_effect_key() -> None:
+    """Config without effect key should be a no-op."""
+    config: ConfigType = {CONF_ID: ID("led1", is_declaration=True)}
+    _record_effect_ref(config)
+    assert _get_data().effect_refs == []

tests/components/bmp581_spi/common.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: bmp581_spi
+    cs_pin: ${cs_pin}
+    temperature:
+      name: BMP581 Temperature
+      iir_filter: 2x
+    pressure:
+      name: BMP581 Pressure
+      oversampling: 128x

tests/components/bmp581_spi/test.esp32-idf.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+substitutions:
+  cs_pin: GPIO5
+
+packages:
+  spi: !include ../../test_build_components/common/spi/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml

tests/components/bmp581_spi/test.esp8266-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+substitutions:
+  cs_pin: GPIO15
+
+packages:
+  spi: !include ../../test_build_components/common/spi/esp8266-ard.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml

tests/components/bmp581_spi/test.rp2040-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+substitutions:
+  cs_pin: GPIO5
+
+packages:
+  spi: !include ../../test_build_components/common/spi/rp2040-ard.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml

tests/components/esp32_ble_server/common.yaml

@@ -69,3 +69,11 @@ esp32_ble_server:
               - ble_server.descriptor.set_value:
                   id: test_change_descriptor
                   value: !lambda return bytebuffer::ByteBuffer::wrap({0x03, 0x04, 0x05}).get_data();
+              - ble_server.characteristic.set_value:
+                  id: test_change_characteristic
+                  value:
+                    data: [0xfc, 0xef, 0xfe, 0x86]
+              - ble_server.descriptor.set_value:
+                  id: test_change_descriptor
+                  value:
+                    data: [0x01, 0x02, 0x03]

tests/components/esp8266/test.esp8266-ard.yaml

@@ -14,3 +14,6 @@ esphome:
         assert(x == 95);
         x = clamp_at_most(x, 40);
         assert(x == 40);
+    - lambda: |-
+        float value = 0.0f;
+        sscanf("3.14", "%f", &value);

tests/components/font/.gitattributes

@@ -1 +1,2 @@
-*.pcf        -text
+*.pcf -text
+*.ttf -text

tests/components/hdc2080/common.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: hdc2080
+    temperature:
+      name: Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Humidity
+    update_interval: 15s

tests/components/hdc2080/test.esp32-idf.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml

tests/components/hdc2080/test.esp8266-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp8266-ard.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml

tests/components/hdc2080/test.rp2040-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/rp2040-ard.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml

tests/components/internal_temperature/test.nrf52-adafruit.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<<: !include common.yaml

tests/components/lvgl/lvgl-package.yaml

@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ lvgl:
         - roller:
             id: lv_roller
             visible_row_count: 2
-            anim_time: 500ms
+            anim_duration: 500ms
             options:
               - Nov
               - Dec
@@ -288,7 +288,9 @@ lvgl:
         - label:
             text: "Hello shiny day"
             text_color: 0xFFFFFF
-            align: bottom_mid
+            align_to:
+              id: hello_label
+              align: OUT_LEFT_TOP
         - label:
             id: setup_lambda_label
             # Test lambda in widget property during setup (LvContext)
@@ -315,20 +317,27 @@ lvgl:
             align: top_left
         - container:
             align: center
+            anim_duration: 1s
             arc_opa: COVER
             arc_color: 0xFF0000
             arc_rounded: false
             arc_width: 3
-            anim_time: 1s
+            base_dir: auto
             bg_color: light_blue
             bg_grad_color: light_blue
             bg_grad_dir: hor
+            bg_grad_opa: cover
             bg_grad_stop: 128
             bg_image_opa: transp
             bg_image_recolor: light_blue
             bg_image_recolor_opa: 50%
+            bg_main_opa: cover
             bg_main_stop: 0
             bg_opa: 20%
+            blend_mode: normal
+            blur_backdrop: false
+            blur_quality: auto
+            blur_radius: 0
             border_color: 0x00FF00
             border_opa: cover
             border_post: true
@@ -336,7 +345,15 @@ lvgl:
             border_width: 4
             clip_corner: false
             color_filter_opa: transp
+            drop_shadow_color: 0x000000
+            drop_shadow_offset_x: 5
+            drop_shadow_offset_y: 5
+            drop_shadow_opa: cover
+            drop_shadow_quality: precision
+            drop_shadow_radius: 10
+            ext_click_area: 100px
             height: 50%
+            image_opa: cover
             image_recolor: light_blue
             image_recolor_opa: cover
             line_width: 10
@@ -344,6 +361,10 @@ lvgl:
             line_dash_gap: 10
             line_rounded: false
             line_color: light_blue
+            margin_bottom: 4
+            margin_left: 4
+            margin_right: 4
+            margin_top: 4
             opa: cover
             opa_layered: cover
             outline_color: light_blue
@@ -353,8 +374,12 @@ lvgl:
             pad_all: 10px
             pad_bottom: 10px
             pad_left: 10px
+            pad_radial: 0
             pad_right: 10px
             pad_top: 10px
+            recolor: 0xFF0000
+            recolor_opa: transp
+            rotary_sensitivity: 256
             shadow_color: light_blue
             shadow_opa: cover
             shadow_spread: 5
@@ -366,6 +391,9 @@ lvgl:
             text_letter_space: 4
             text_line_space: 4
             text_opa: cover
+            text_outline_stroke_color: 0x000000
+            text_outline_stroke_opa: cover
+            text_outline_stroke_width: 2
             transform_rotation: 90
             transform_height: 100
             transform_pivot_x: 50%
@@ -375,8 +403,10 @@ lvgl:
             transform_scale_y: 0.8
             transform_skew_x: 10
             transform_skew_y: 20
+            transform_width: 100
             shadow_offset_x: 3
             shadow_offset_y: 3
+            translate_radial: 0
             translate_x: 10
             translate_y: 10
             max_height: 100
@@ -481,6 +511,7 @@ lvgl:
               image:
                 src: cat_image
                 align: top_left
+                bitmap_mask_src: alert
             on_click:
               - lvgl.widget.focus: spin_up
               - lvgl.widget.focus: next
@@ -559,6 +590,114 @@ lvgl:
               logger.log: Button clicked
             on_long_press_repeat:
               logger.log: Button clicked
+            on_pressing:
+              logger.log: Button pressing
+            on_press_lost:
+              logger.log: Button press lost
+            on_single_click:
+              logger.log: Button single clicked
+            on_double_click:
+              logger.log: Button double clicked
+            on_triple_click:
+              logger.log: Button triple clicked
+            on_scroll_throw_begin:
+              logger.log: Scroll throw begin
+            on_gesture:
+              logger.log: Gesture detected
+            on_key:
+              logger.log: Key event
+            on_rotary:
+              logger.log: Rotary event
+            on_leave:
+              logger.log: Leave event
+            on_hit_test:
+              logger.log: Hit test
+            on_indev_reset:
+              logger.log: Indev reset
+            on_hover_over:
+              logger.log: Hover over
+            on_hover_leave:
+              logger.log: Hover leave
+            on_cover_check:
+              logger.log: Cover check
+            on_refr_ext_draw_size:
+              logger.log: Refr ext draw size
+            on_draw_main_begin:
+              logger.log: Draw main begin
+            on_draw_main:
+              logger.log: Draw main
+            on_draw_main_end:
+              logger.log: Draw main end
+            on_draw_post_begin:
+              logger.log: Draw post begin
+            on_draw_post:
+              logger.log: Draw post
+            on_draw_post_end:
+              logger.log: Draw post end
+            on_draw_task_add:
+              logger.log: Draw task add
+            on_insert:
+              logger.log: Insert event
+            on_refresh:
+              logger.log: Refresh event
+            on_state_change:
+              logger.log: State changed
+            on_create:
+              logger.log: Create event
+            on_delete:
+              logger.log: Delete event
+            on_child_change:
+              logger.log: Child changed
+            on_child_create:
+              logger.log: Child created
+            on_child_delete:
+              logger.log: Child deleted
+            on_screen_unload_start:
+              logger.log: Screen unload start
+            on_screen_load_start:
+              logger.log: Screen load start
+            on_screen_load:
+              logger.log: Screen loaded
+            on_screen_unload:
+              logger.log: Screen unloaded
+            on_size_change:
+              logger.log: Size changed
+            on_style_change:
+              logger.log: Style changed
+            on_layout_change:
+              logger.log: Layout changed
+            on_get_self_size:
+              logger.log: Get self size
+            on_invalidate_area:
+              logger.log: Invalidate area
+            on_resolution_change:
+              logger.log: Resolution changed
+            on_color_format_change:
+              logger.log: Color format changed
+            on_refr_request:
+              logger.log: Refresh request
+            on_refr_start:
+              logger.log: Refresh start
+            on_refr_ready:
+              logger.log: Refresh ready
+            on_render_start:
+              logger.log: Render start
+            on_render_ready:
+              logger.log: Render ready
+            on_flush_start:
+              logger.log: Flush start
+            on_flush_finish:
+              logger.log: Flush finish
+            on_flush_wait_start:
+              logger.log: Flush wait start
+            on_flush_wait_finish:
+              logger.log: Flush wait finish
+            on_update_layout_complete:
+              logger.log: Update layout complete
+            on_vsync:
+              logger.log: Vsync
+            on_vsync_request:
+              logger.log: Vsync request
         - led:
             id: lv_led
             color: 0x00FF00
@@ -1051,7 +1190,7 @@ lvgl:
                         - ticks:
                             width: 1
                             count: 61
-                            length: 20%
+                            length: 20
                             radial_offset: 5
                             color: 0xFFFFFF
                             major:
@@ -1159,6 +1298,13 @@ image:
     type: BINARY
     transparency: chroma_key
 
+  - id: alert
+    file: $component_dir/logo-text.svg
+    type: grayscale
+    resize: 100x100
+    invert_alpha: true
+    transparency: alpha_channel
+
 color:
   - id: light_blue
     hex: "3340FF"

tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/common.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+climate:
+  - platform: mitsubishi_cn105
+    name: "AC Test"
+    uart_id: uart_bus

tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/test.esp32-idf.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  uart: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_9600_even/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml

tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/test.esp8266-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  uart: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_9600_even/esp8266-ard.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml

tests/components/mitsubishi_cn105/test.rp2040-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  uart: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart_9600_even/rp2040-ard.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml

tests/components/tm1637/common.yaml

@@ -5,3 +5,5 @@ display:
     intensity: 3
     lambda: |-
       it.print("1234");
+      static const uint8_t buf[] = {0x3f, 0x06, 0x5b, 0x4f | 0x80};
+      it.set_buffer(buf, sizeof(buf));

tests/integration/fixtures/multi_click_trigger.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test-multi-click
+
+host:
+api:
+  batch_delay: 0ms
+  services:
+    - service: run_all_tests
+      then:
+        # Prime the binary sensor with an initial OFF state.
+        # trigger_on_initial_state defaults to false, so the first
+        # state change from unknown won't fire callbacks.
+        - binary_sensor.template.publish:
+            id: test_button
+            state: false
+        - delay: 50ms
+
+        # Test 1: Single click (ON < 50ms, OFF >= 30ms)
+        - binary_sensor.template.publish:
+            id: test_button
+            state: true
+        - delay: 20ms
+        - binary_sensor.template.publish:
+            id: test_button
+            state: false
+        # Wait for single click trigger (30ms) + cooldown (100ms) + margin
+        - delay: 200ms
+
+        # Test 2: Double click (ON < 50ms, OFF < 25ms, ON < 50ms, OFF >= 25ms)
+        - binary_sensor.template.publish:
+            id: test_button
+            state: true
+        - delay: 20ms
+        - binary_sensor.template.publish:
+            id: test_button
+            state: false
+        - delay: 15ms
+        - binary_sensor.template.publish:
+            id: test_button
+            state: true
+        - delay: 20ms
+        - binary_sensor.template.publish:
+            id: test_button
+            state: false
+        # Wait for double click trigger (25ms) + cooldown (100ms) + margin
+        - delay: 200ms
+
+        # Test 3: Long press (ON >= 80ms)
+        - binary_sensor.template.publish:
+            id: test_button
+            state: true
+        - delay: 100ms
+        - binary_sensor.template.publish:
+            id: test_button
+            state: false
+
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+globals:
+  - id: single_click_count
+    type: int
+    initial_value: "0"
+  - id: double_click_count
+    type: int
+    initial_value: "0"
+  - id: long_press_count
+    type: int
+    initial_value: "0"
+
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Test Button"
+    id: test_button
+    on_multi_click:
+      # Single press
+      - timing:
+          - ON for at most 50ms
+          - OFF for at least 30ms
+        invalid_cooldown: 100ms
+        then:
+          - lambda: |-
+              id(single_click_count) += 1;
+              ESP_LOGI("multi_click_test", "SINGLE_CLICK count=%d", id(single_click_count));
+
+      # Double press
+      - timing:
+          - ON for at most 50ms
+          - OFF for at most 25ms
+          - ON for at most 50ms
+          - OFF for at least 25ms
+        invalid_cooldown: 100ms
+        then:
+          - lambda: |-
+              id(double_click_count) += 1;
+              ESP_LOGI("multi_click_test", "DOUBLE_CLICK count=%d", id(double_click_count));
+
+      # Long press
+      - timing:
+          - ON for at least 80ms
+        invalid_cooldown: 100ms
+        then:
+          - lambda: |-
+              id(long_press_count) += 1;
+              ESP_LOGI("multi_click_test", "LONG_PRESS count=%d", id(long_press_count));

tests/integration/test_multi_click_trigger.py

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+"""Integration test for on_multi_click binary sensor automation.
+
+Tests that on_multi_click correctly triggers for single click, double click,
+and long press patterns using a template binary sensor with timing
+orchestrated entirely in YAML.
+
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import re
+
+import pytest
+
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_multi_click_trigger(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test that on_multi_click triggers for single, double, and long press patterns."""
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+
+    single_click_pattern = re.compile(r"SINGLE_CLICK count=(\d+)")
+    double_click_pattern = re.compile(r"DOUBLE_CLICK count=(\d+)")
+    long_press_pattern = re.compile(r"LONG_PRESS count=(\d+)")
+
+    single_click_future: asyncio.Future[int] = loop.create_future()
+    double_click_future: asyncio.Future[int] = loop.create_future()
+    long_press_future: asyncio.Future[int] = loop.create_future()
+
+    def check_output(line: str) -> None:
+        """Check log output for multi-click trigger messages."""
+        if m := single_click_pattern.search(line):
+            if not single_click_future.done():
+                single_click_future.set_result(int(m.group(1)))
+        elif m := double_click_pattern.search(line):
+            if not double_click_future.done():
+                double_click_future.set_result(int(m.group(1)))
+        elif (m := long_press_pattern.search(line)) and not long_press_future.done():
+            long_press_future.set_result(int(m.group(1)))
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=check_output),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        _entities, services = await client.list_entities_services()
+
+        test_service = next((s for s in services if s.name == "run_all_tests"), None)
+        assert test_service is not None, "run_all_tests service not found"
+
+        # Kick off the entire test sequence (runs in YAML with delays)
+        await client.execute_service(test_service, {})
+
+        # Wait for all three triggers
+        try:
+            count = await asyncio.wait_for(single_click_future, timeout=5.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(
+                "Timeout waiting for SINGLE_CLICK - on_multi_click did not trigger."
+            )
+        assert count == 1, f"Expected single click count=1, got {count}"
+
+        try:
+            count = await asyncio.wait_for(double_click_future, timeout=5.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(
+                "Timeout waiting for DOUBLE_CLICK - on_multi_click did not trigger."
+            )
+        assert count == 1, f"Expected double click count=1, got {count}"
+
+        try:
+            count = await asyncio.wait_for(long_press_future, timeout=5.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(
+                "Timeout waiting for LONG_PRESS - on_multi_click did not trigger."
+            )
+        assert count == 1, f"Expected long press count=1, got {count}"

tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2410.py

@@ -73,9 +73,16 @@ async def test_uart_mock_ld2410(
         ],
     )
 
-    # Signal when we see recovery frame values
+    # Signal when we see ALL recovery frame values to avoid race where some
+    # arrive after the waiter fires but before we index into the lists
     recovery_received = collector.add_waiter(
-        lambda: pytest.approx(50.0) in collector.sensor_states["moving_distance"]
+        lambda: (
+            pytest.approx(50.0) in collector.sensor_states["moving_distance"]
+            and pytest.approx(75.0) in collector.sensor_states["still_distance"]
+            and pytest.approx(100.0) in collector.sensor_states["moving_energy"]
+            and pytest.approx(80.0) in collector.sensor_states["still_energy"]
+            and pytest.approx(127.0) in collector.sensor_states["detection_distance"]
+        )
     )
 
     async with (

tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2450.py

@@ -83,11 +83,18 @@ async def test_uart_mock_ld2450(
         ],
     )
 
-    # Signal when we see recovery frame values (target 1 distance ≈ 500mm)
+    # Signal when we see all recovery frame values
+    # Must wait for ALL values to avoid race where some arrive after the waiter fires
     recovery_received = collector.add_waiter(
         lambda: (
             pytest.approx(500.0, abs=1.0)
             in collector.sensor_states["target_1_distance"]
+            and pytest.approx(300.0) in collector.sensor_states["target_1_x"]
+            and pytest.approx(400.0) in collector.sensor_states["target_1_y"]
+            and pytest.approx(30.0) in collector.sensor_states["target_1_speed"]
+            and pytest.approx(1.0) in collector.sensor_states["target_count"]
+            and pytest.approx(1.0) in collector.sensor_states["moving_target_count"]
+            and pytest.approx(0.0) in collector.sensor_states["still_target_count"]
         )
     )
 

tests/unit_tests/components/test_esp8266.py

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+"""Tests for ESP8266 component."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.components.esp8266 import lambdas_use_scanf_float
+from esphome.core import Lambda
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("src", "expected"),
+    [
+        # Basic float formats
+        ('sscanf(buf, "%f", &v)', True),
+        ('sscanf(buf, "%F", &v)', True),
+        ('sscanf(buf, "%e", &v)', True),
+        ('sscanf(buf, "%E", &v)', True),
+        ('sscanf(buf, "%g", &v)', True),
+        ('sscanf(buf, "%G", &v)', True),
+        ('sscanf(buf, "%a", &v)', True),
+        ('sscanf(buf, "%A", &v)', True),
+        # With modifiers
+        ('sscanf(buf, "%lf", &v)', True),
+        ('sscanf(buf, "%Lf", &v)', True),
+        ('sscanf(buf, "%8lf", &v)', True),
+        ('sscanf(buf, "%*f")', True),
+        ('sscanf(buf, "%.2f", &v)', True),
+        # Mixed formats
+        ('sscanf(buf, "%d,%f", &a, &b)', True),
+        # fscanf and std::sscanf
+        ('fscanf(fp, "%f", &v)', True),
+        ('std::sscanf(buf, "%f", &v)', True),
+        # Multi-line
+        ('sscanf(buf,\n"%f", &v)', True),
+        # No float format
+        ('sscanf(buf, "%d", &v)', False),
+        ('sscanf(buf, "%s", s)', False),
+        # printf not scanf
+        ('printf("%f", val)', False),
+        # %f in a different statement after scanf
+        ('sscanf(buf, "%d", &x); printf("%f", val);', False),
+        # scanf %f in comment only
+        ('// sscanf(buf, "%f", &v)\nsscanf(buf, "%d", &x)', False),
+        ('/* sscanf(buf, "%f") */\nsscanf(buf, "%d", &x)', False),
+    ],
+)
+def test_lambdas_use_scanf_float(src: str, expected: bool) -> None:
+    """Test scanf float detection in lambda source."""
+    config: ConfigType = {"test": [Lambda(src)]}
+    assert lambdas_use_scanf_float(config) is expected
+
+
+def test_lambdas_use_scanf_float_no_lambdas() -> None:
+    """Test with config containing no lambdas."""
+    config: ConfigType = {"key": "value", "list": [1, 2]}
+    assert lambdas_use_scanf_float(config) is False
+
+
+def test_lambdas_use_scanf_float_nested() -> None:
+    """Test detection in deeply nested config."""
+    config: ConfigType = {"a": {"b": {"c": [Lambda('sscanf(buf, "%f", &v)')]}}}
+    assert lambdas_use_scanf_float(config) is True

tests/unit_tests/core/test_config.py

@@ -248,6 +248,24 @@ def test_area_id_hash_collision(
     )
 
 
+def test_area_singular_hash_collision(
+    yaml_file: Callable[[str], str], capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
+) -> None:
+    """Test that area hash collisions between singular area: and areas: list are detected."""
+    result = load_config_from_fixture(
+        yaml_file, "area_singular_hash_collision.yaml", FIXTURES_DIR
+    )
+    assert result is None
+
+    captured = capsys.readouterr()
+    assert (
+        "Area ID 'd6ka' with hash 3082558663 collides with existing area ID 'test_2258'"
+        in captured.out
+    )
+    # Error path should point to 'areas' (where the colliding entry is), not 'area'
+    assert "areas" in captured.out
+
+
 def test_device_duplicate_id(
     yaml_file: Callable[[str], str], capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str]
 ) -> None:

tests/unit_tests/fixtures/core/config/area_singular_hash_collision.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+  area:
+    id: test_2258
+    name: "Area 1"
+  areas:
+    - id: d6ka
+      name: "Area 2"
+
+host:

tests/unit_tests/test_automation.py

@@ -5,7 +5,13 @@ from unittest.mock import patch
 
 import pytest
 
-from esphome.automation import has_non_synchronous_actions
+from esphome.automation import (
+    TriggerForwarder,
+    TriggerOnFalseForwarder,
+    TriggerOnTrueForwarder,
+    has_non_synchronous_actions,
+)
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, RawExpression
 from esphome.util import RegistryEntry
 
 
@@ -175,3 +181,76 @@ def test_has_non_synchronous_actions_dict_input(
     """Direct dict input (single action)."""
     assert has_non_synchronous_actions({"delay": "1s"}) is True
     assert has_non_synchronous_actions({"logger.log": "hello"}) is False
+
+
+def _build_forwarder(
+    automation_name: str,
+    args: list[tuple[str, str]],
+    forwarder: MockObj | None = None,
+) -> str:
+    """Build a trigger forwarder expression the same way build_callback_automation does.
+
+    Mirrors the forwarder selection logic in automation.build_callback_automation.
+    """
+    import esphome.codegen as cg
+
+    obj = MockObj(automation_name, "->")
+    if forwarder is None:
+        arg_types = [RawExpression(t) for t, _ in args]
+        templ = (
+            cg.TemplateArguments(*arg_types) if arg_types else cg.TemplateArguments()
+        )
+        forwarder = TriggerForwarder.template(templ)
+    return f"{forwarder}{{{obj}}}"
+
+
+def test_trigger_forwarder_no_args() -> None:
+    """Button on_press: TriggerForwarder<> with no args."""
+    result = _build_forwarder("auto_1", [])
+    assert result == "TriggerForwarder<>{auto_1}"
+
+
+def test_trigger_forwarder_single_float_arg() -> None:
+    """Sensor on_value: TriggerForwarder<float>."""
+    result = _build_forwarder("auto_1", [("float", "x")])
+    assert result == "TriggerForwarder<float>{auto_1}"
+
+
+def test_trigger_forwarder_single_bool_arg() -> None:
+    """Switch on_state: TriggerForwarder<bool>."""
+    result = _build_forwarder("auto_1", [("bool", "x")])
+    assert result == "TriggerForwarder<bool>{auto_1}"
+
+
+def test_trigger_forwarder_on_true() -> None:
+    """Binary_sensor on_press / switch on_turn_on: TriggerOnTrueForwarder."""
+    result = _build_forwarder("auto_1", [], forwarder=TriggerOnTrueForwarder)
+    assert result == "TriggerOnTrueForwarder{auto_1}"
+
+
+def test_trigger_forwarder_on_false() -> None:
+    """Binary_sensor on_release / switch on_turn_off: TriggerOnFalseForwarder."""
+    result = _build_forwarder("auto_1", [], forwarder=TriggerOnFalseForwarder)
+    assert result == "TriggerOnFalseForwarder{auto_1}"
+
+
+def test_trigger_forwarder_multiple_args() -> None:
+    """Binary_sensor on_state_change: TriggerForwarder with two args."""
+    result = _build_forwarder(
+        "auto_1",
+        [("optional<bool>", "x_previous"), ("optional<bool>", "x")],
+    )
+    assert result == "TriggerForwarder<optional<bool>, optional<bool>>{auto_1}"
+
+
+def test_trigger_forwarder_string_arg() -> None:
+    """Text_sensor on_value: TriggerForwarder<std::string>."""
+    result = _build_forwarder("auto_1", [("std::string", "x")])
+    assert result == "TriggerForwarder<std::string>{auto_1}"
+
+
+def test_trigger_forwarder_custom_type() -> None:
+    """Custom forwarder type passed directly."""
+    custom = MockObj("MyForwarder", "")
+    result = _build_forwarder("auto_1", [], forwarder=custom)
+    assert result == "MyForwarder{auto_1}"

tests/unit_tests/test_cpp_helpers.py

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
+import logging
 from unittest.mock import Mock
 
 import pytest
 
 from esphome import const, cpp_helpers as ch
+from esphome.cpp_helpers import ComponentSourcePool, register_component_source
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -23,7 +25,7 @@ async def test_register_component(monkeypatch):
     app_mock = Mock(register_component_=Mock(return_value=var))
     monkeypatch.setattr(ch, "App", app_mock)
 
-    core_mock = Mock(component_ids=["foo.bar"])
+    core_mock = Mock(component_ids=["foo.bar"], data={})
     monkeypatch.setattr(ch, "CORE", core_mock)
 
     add_mock = Mock()
@@ -59,7 +61,7 @@ async def test_register_component__with_setup_priority(monkeypatch):
     app_mock = Mock(register_component_=Mock(return_value=var))
     monkeypatch.setattr(ch, "App", app_mock)
 
-    core_mock = Mock(component_ids=["foo.bar"])
+    core_mock = Mock(component_ids=["foo.bar"], data={})
     monkeypatch.setattr(ch, "CORE", core_mock)
 
     add_mock = Mock()
@@ -78,3 +80,88 @@ async def test_register_component__with_setup_priority(monkeypatch):
     assert add_mock.call_count == 4
     app_mock.register_component_.assert_called_with(var)
     assert core_mock.component_ids == []
+
+
+def test_register_component_source_empty_name(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    monkeypatch.setattr(ch, "CORE", Mock(data={}))
+    assert register_component_source("") == 0
+
+
+def test_register_component_source_deduplicates(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    monkeypatch.setattr(ch, "CORE", Mock(data={}))
+    idx1 = register_component_source("wifi")
+    idx2 = register_component_source("api")
+    idx3 = register_component_source("wifi")
+    assert idx1 == 1
+    assert idx2 == 2
+    assert idx3 == 1  # deduplicated
+
+
+def test_generate_source_table_code_empty() -> None:
+    from esphome.cpp_helpers import _generate_source_table_code
+
+    assert _generate_source_table_code("TBL", "lookup", {}) == ""
+
+
+def test_generate_source_table_code_non_empty() -> None:
+    from esphome.cpp_helpers import _generate_source_table_code
+
+    code = _generate_source_table_code("TBL", "lookup", {"wifi": 1, "api": 2})
+    assert "PROGMEM" in code
+    assert "wifi" in code
+    assert "api" in code
+    assert "lookup" in code
+    assert "index == 0" in code
+    assert "progmem_read_ptr" in code
+    assert "index > 2" in code
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_generate_component_source_table_empty_pool(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """Test that _generate_component_source_table does nothing with an empty pool."""
+    from esphome.cpp_helpers import _generate_component_source_table
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(ch, "CORE", Mock(data={}))
+    add_global_mock = Mock()
+    monkeypatch.setattr(ch, "add_global", add_global_mock)
+    await _generate_component_source_table()
+    add_global_mock.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_register_component_source_overflow_warns(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    # Pre-fill pool to max
+    pool = ComponentSourcePool(
+        sources={f"comp_{i}": i + 1 for i in range(0xFF)},
+        table_registered=True,
+    )
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        ch, "CORE", Mock(data={ch._COMPONENT_SOURCE_DOMAIN: pool}, testing_mode=False)
+    )
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        idx = register_component_source("overflow_component")
+    assert idx == 0
+    assert "Too many unique component source names" in caplog.text
+    assert "overflow_component" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_register_component_source_overflow_suppressed_in_testing_mode(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    # Pre-fill pool to max
+    pool = ComponentSourcePool(
+        sources={f"comp_{i}": i + 1 for i in range(0xFF)},
+        table_registered=True,
+    )
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        ch, "CORE", Mock(data={ch._COMPONENT_SOURCE_DOMAIN: pool}, testing_mode=True)
+    )
+    with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
+        idx = register_component_source("overflow_component")
+    assert idx == 0
+    assert "Too many unique component source names" not in caplog.text

tests/unit_tests/test_writer.py

@@ -990,6 +990,47 @@ def test_clean_all_ignores_empty_env_vars(
     assert marker.exists()
 
 
+@patch("esphome.writer.CORE")
+def test_clean_all_no_args_with_esphome_dir(
+    mock_core: MagicMock,
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """Test clean_all with no args cleans .esphome in cwd."""
+    esphome_dir = tmp_path / ".esphome"
+    esphome_dir.mkdir()
+    (esphome_dir / "dummy.txt").write_text("x")
+
+    from esphome.writer import clean_all
+
+    with (
+        caplog.at_level("INFO"),
+        patch("esphome.writer.Path.cwd", return_value=tmp_path),
+    ):
+        clean_all([])
+
+    assert esphome_dir.exists()
+    assert not (esphome_dir / "dummy.txt").exists()
+
+
+@patch("esphome.writer.CORE")
+def test_clean_all_no_args_no_esphome_dir(
+    mock_core: MagicMock,
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """Test clean_all with no args and no .esphome dir warns."""
+    from esphome.writer import clean_all
+
+    with (
+        caplog.at_level("WARNING"),
+        patch("esphome.writer.Path.cwd", return_value=tmp_path),
+    ):
+        clean_all([])
+
+    assert "No configuration files specified" in caplog.text
+
+
 @patch("esphome.writer.CORE")
 def test_clean_all(
     mock_core: MagicMock,