diff --git a/esphome/components/tmp102/__init__.py b/esphome/components/tmp102/__init__.py
index 8510f18769a..6fd5f481e72 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tmp102/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tmp102/__init__.py
@@ -1,11 +1,85 @@
-"""
-The TMP102 is a two-wire, serial output temperature
-sensor available in a tiny SOT563 package. Requiring
-no external components, the TMP102 is capable of
-reading temperatures to a resolution of 0.0625°C.
+"""Shared TMP102 types and configuration validation."""
 
-https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Sensors/Temperature/tmp102.pdf
-
-"""
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_CONVERSION_RATE
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DOMAIN = "tmp102"
+
+tmp102_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("tmp102")
+TMP102Component = tmp102_ns.class_(
+    "TMP102Component", cg.PollingComponent, i2c.I2CDevice, sensor.Sensor
+)
+
+CONF_EXTENDED_MODE = "extended_mode"
+CONF_ONE_SHOT_MODE = "one_shot_mode"
+CONF_TEMPERATURE_HIGH = "temperature_high"
+CONF_TEMPERATURE_LOW = "temperature_low"
+CONF_ALERT_POLARITY = "alert_polarity"
+CONF_THERMOSTAT_MODE = "thermostat_mode"
+CONF_FAULT_QUEUE = "fault_queue"
+
+CONVERSION_RATES = {"0.25Hz": 0, "1Hz": 1, "4Hz": 2, "8Hz": 3}
+THERMOSTAT_MODES = {"comparator": 0, "interrupt": 1}
+ALERT_POLARITIES = {"active_low": 0, "active_high": 1}
+FAULT_QUEUE_BITS = {1: 0, 2: 1, 4: 2, 6: 3}
+
+TMP102_CONVERSION_FACTOR = 0.0625
+TMP102_DEFAULT_THIGH = 80.0
+TMP102_DEFAULT_TLOW = 75.0
+
+
+def encode_temperature(temperature: float, extended: bool) -> int:
+    """Encode a temperature as a TMP102 limit-register word."""
+    steps = round(temperature / TMP102_CONVERSION_FACTOR)
+    return (steps << (3 if extended else 4)) & 0xFFFF
+
+
+def build_configuration(config: ConfigType) -> int:
+    """Build the writable TMP102 configuration-register bits."""
+    value = CONVERSION_RATES[config.get(CONF_CONVERSION_RATE, "4Hz")] << 6
+    value |= FAULT_QUEUE_BITS[config.get(CONF_FAULT_QUEUE, 1)] << 11
+    value |= ALERT_POLARITIES[config.get(CONF_ALERT_POLARITY, "active_low")] << 10
+    value |= THERMOSTAT_MODES[config.get(CONF_THERMOSTAT_MODE, "comparator")] << 9
+    if config.get(CONF_ONE_SHOT_MODE, False):
+        value |= 1 << 8
+    if config.get(CONF_EXTENDED_MODE, False):
+        value |= 1 << 4
+    return value
+
+
+def validate_tmp102_thresholds(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    extended = config.get(CONF_EXTENDED_MODE, False)
+    t_min = -55.0
+    t_max = 150.0 if extended else 127.9375
+    high = config.get(CONF_TEMPERATURE_HIGH)
+    low = config.get(CONF_TEMPERATURE_LOW)
+    for key, value in ((CONF_TEMPERATURE_HIGH, high), (CONF_TEMPERATURE_LOW, low)):
+        if value is not None and not t_min <= value <= t_max:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"{key} ({value}°C) out of range for "
+                f"{'extended' if extended else 'normal'} mode "
+                f"({t_min}°C to {t_max}°C)",
+                [key],
+            )
+
+    if high is not None and low is not None and low > high:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"low limit ({low}°C) must be <= high limit ({high}°C)",
+            [CONF_TEMPERATURE_LOW],
+        )
+    if high is not None and low is None and high < TMP102_DEFAULT_TLOW:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"high limit ({high}°C) is below the chip power-up TLOW default "
+            f"({TMP102_DEFAULT_TLOW}°C). Set temperature_low explicitly.",
+            [CONF_TEMPERATURE_HIGH],
+        )
+    if low is not None and high is None and low > TMP102_DEFAULT_THIGH:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"low limit ({low}°C) is above the chip power-up THIGH default "
+            f"({TMP102_DEFAULT_THIGH}°C). Set temperature_high explicitly.",
+            [CONF_TEMPERATURE_LOW],
+        )
+    return config
diff --git a/esphome/components/tmp102/sensor.py b/esphome/components/tmp102/sensor.py
index eba0d3c0269..fbfed7444d6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tmp102/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tmp102/sensor.py
@@ -1,15 +1,8 @@
-"""
-The TMP102 is a two-wire, serial output temperature
-sensor available in a tiny SOT563 package. Requiring
-no external components, the TMP102 is capable of
-reading temperatures to a resolution of 0.0625°C.
-
-https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Sensors/Temperature/tmp102.pdf
-
-"""
+"""TMP102 temperature sensor and optional hardware configuration."""
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_CONVERSION_RATE
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
@@ -18,15 +11,42 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
+from . import (
+    ALERT_POLARITIES,
+    CONF_ALERT_POLARITY,
+    CONF_EXTENDED_MODE,
+    CONF_FAULT_QUEUE,
+    CONF_ONE_SHOT_MODE,
+    CONF_TEMPERATURE_HIGH,
+    CONF_TEMPERATURE_LOW,
+    CONF_THERMOSTAT_MODE,
+    CONVERSION_RATES,
+    FAULT_QUEUE_BITS,
+    THERMOSTAT_MODES,
+    TMP102_DEFAULT_THIGH,
+    TMP102_DEFAULT_TLOW,
+    TMP102Component,
+    build_configuration,
+    encode_temperature,
+    validate_tmp102_thresholds,
+)
+
 CODEOWNERS = ["@timsavage"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 
-tmp102_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("tmp102")
-TMP102Component = tmp102_ns.class_(
-    "TMP102Component", cg.PollingComponent, i2c.I2CDevice, sensor.Sensor
-)
+# No defaults here: absence of all advanced options preserves upstream's read-only behavior and firmware size.
+_ADVANCED_SCHEMA = {
+    cv.Optional(CONF_EXTENDED_MODE): cv.boolean,
+    cv.Optional(CONF_CONVERSION_RATE): cv.enum(CONVERSION_RATES),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_ONE_SHOT_MODE): cv.boolean,
+    cv.Optional(CONF_ALERT_POLARITY): cv.enum(ALERT_POLARITIES),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_THERMOSTAT_MODE): cv.enum(THERMOSTAT_MODES),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_FAULT_QUEUE): cv.enum(FAULT_QUEUE_BITS, int=True),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_TEMPERATURE_HIGH): cv.temperature,
+    cv.Optional(CONF_TEMPERATURE_LOW): cv.temperature,
+}
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     sensor.sensor_schema(
         TMP102Component,
         unit_of_measurement=UNIT_CELSIUS,
@@ -36,6 +56,8 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     )
     .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
     .extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x48))
+    .extend(_ADVANCED_SCHEMA),
+    validate_tmp102_thresholds,
 )
 
 
@@ -43,3 +65,18 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
+
+    if not any(key in config for key in _ADVANCED_SCHEMA):
+        return
+
+    extended = config.get(CONF_EXTENDED_MODE, False)
+    high = config.get(CONF_TEMPERATURE_HIGH, TMP102_DEFAULT_THIGH)
+    low = config.get(CONF_TEMPERATURE_LOW, TMP102_DEFAULT_TLOW)
+    cg.add_define("USE_TMP102_CONFIGURE")
+    cg.add(
+        var.set_configuration(
+            build_configuration(config),
+            encode_temperature(high, extended),
+            encode_temperature(low, extended),
+        )
+    )
diff --git a/esphome/components/tmp102/tmp102.cpp b/esphome/components/tmp102/tmp102.cpp
index d851bd925fa..a1066b97619 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tmp102/tmp102.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/tmp102/tmp102.cpp
@@ -8,13 +8,33 @@ ESPHOME_LOG_TAG(TAG, "tmp102");
 
 static constexpr uint32_t READ_TEMP_TIMEOUT_ID = 0;
 
-static const uint8_t TMP102_ADDRESS = 0x48;
-static const uint8_t TMP102_REGISTER_TEMPERATURE = 0x00;
-static const uint8_t TMP102_REGISTER_CONFIGURATION = 0x01;
-static const uint8_t TMP102_REGISTER_LOW_LIMIT = 0x02;
-static const uint8_t TMP102_REGISTER_HIGH_LIMIT = 0x03;
+static constexpr uint8_t TMP102_REGISTER_TEMPERATURE = 0x00;
+static constexpr float TMP102_CONVERSION_FACTOR = 0.0625f;
+#ifdef USE_TMP102_CONFIGURE
+static constexpr uint8_t TMP102_REGISTER_CONFIGURATION = 0x01;
+static constexpr uint8_t TMP102_REGISTER_LOW_LIMIT = 0x02;
+static constexpr uint8_t TMP102_REGISTER_HIGH_LIMIT = 0x03;
 
-static const float TMP102_CONVERSION_FACTOR = 0.0625;
+static constexpr uint16_t TMP102_CONFIGURATION_MASK = 0x1FD0;
+static constexpr uint16_t TMP102_RESET_CONFIGURATION = 0x60A0;
+static constexpr uint16_t TMP102_ONE_SHOT_BIT = 0x8000;
+static constexpr uint16_t TMP102_SHUTDOWN_BIT = 0x0100;
+static constexpr uint16_t TMP102_THERMOSTAT_MODE_BIT = 0x0200;
+static constexpr uint16_t TMP102_ALERT_POLARITY_BIT = 0x0400;
+static constexpr uint16_t TMP102_EXTENDED_MODE_BIT = 0x0010;
+static constexpr uint32_t TMP102_ONESHOT_DELAY_MS = 40;
+
+static float decode_temperature(uint16_t raw, bool extended) {
+  return (static_cast<int16_t>(raw) >> (extended ? 3 : 4)) * TMP102_CONVERSION_FACTOR;
+}
+
+void TMP102Component::setup() {
+  if (!this->configure_)
+    return;
+  if (!this->write_configuration_())
+    this->mark_failed();
+}
+#endif
 
 void TMP102Component::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "TMP102:");
@@ -24,9 +44,44 @@ void TMP102Component::dump_config() {
   }
   LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Temperature", this);
+#ifdef USE_TMP102_CONFIGURE
+  if (!this->configure_)
+    return;
+  const uint8_t rate = (this->config_ >> 6) & 0x03;
+  const LogString *rate_str = rate == 0   ? LOG_STR("0.25Hz")
+                              : rate == 1 ? LOG_STR("1Hz")
+                              : rate == 2 ? LOG_STR("4Hz")
+                                          : LOG_STR("8Hz");
+  const uint8_t fault_bits = (this->config_ >> 11) & 0x03;
+  const bool extended = this->config_ & TMP102_EXTENDED_MODE_BIT;
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(
+      TAG,
+      "  Extended Mode: %s\n"
+      "  One-Shot Mode: %s\n"
+      "  Conversion Rate: %s\n"
+      "  Thermostat Mode: %s\n"
+      "  Alert Polarity: %s\n"
+      "  Fault Queue: %u\n"
+      "  Temperature High: %.4f°C\n"
+      "  Temperature Low: %.4f°C",
+      YESNO(extended), YESNO(this->config_ & TMP102_SHUTDOWN_BIT), LOG_STR_ARG(rate_str),
+      this->config_ & TMP102_THERMOSTAT_MODE_BIT ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("Interrupt") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("Comparator"),
+      this->config_ & TMP102_ALERT_POLARITY_BIT ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("Active High") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("Active Low"),
+      fault_bits == 3 ? 6 : 1U << fault_bits, decode_temperature(this->high_limit_, extended),
+      decode_temperature(this->low_limit_, extended));
+  if (this->config_ & TMP102_THERMOSTAT_MODE_BIT) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Register reads clear the interrupt-mode ALERT pin");
+  }
+#endif
 }
 
 void TMP102Component::update() {
+#ifdef USE_TMP102_CONFIGURE
+  if (this->configure_) {
+    this->update_configured_();
+    return;
+  }
+#endif
   if (this->write(&TMP102_REGISTER_TEMPERATURE, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
     this->status_set_warning();
     return;
@@ -47,4 +102,75 @@ void TMP102Component::update() {
   });
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_TMP102_CONFIGURE
+void TMP102Component::update_configured_() {
+  if (!this->check_configuration_())
+    return;
+  if (this->config_ & TMP102_SHUTDOWN_BIT) {
+    if (!this->write_register_(TMP102_REGISTER_CONFIGURATION, this->config_ | TMP102_ONE_SHOT_BIT)) {
+      this->status_set_warning();
+      return;
+    }
+    this->set_timeout(READ_TEMP_TIMEOUT_ID, TMP102_ONESHOT_DELAY_MS, [this]() { this->read_temperature_(); });
+  } else {
+    this->read_temperature_();
+  }
+}
+
+bool TMP102Component::write_register_(uint8_t reg, uint16_t value) {
+  uint8_t frame[3] = {reg, static_cast<uint8_t>(value >> 8), static_cast<uint8_t>(value)};
+  if (this->write(frame, 3) == i2c::ERROR_OK)
+    return true;
+  ESP_LOGE(TAG, ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL);
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool TMP102Component::write_configuration_() {
+  return this->write_register_(TMP102_REGISTER_CONFIGURATION, this->config_) &&
+         this->write_register_(TMP102_REGISTER_HIGH_LIMIT, this->high_limit_) &&
+         this->write_register_(TMP102_REGISTER_LOW_LIMIT, this->low_limit_);
+}
+
+bool TMP102Component::check_configuration_() {
+  uint16_t config;
+  if (!this->read_byte_16(TMP102_REGISTER_CONFIGURATION, &config)) {
+    this->status_set_warning();
+    return false;
+  }
+  bool matches = (config & TMP102_CONFIGURATION_MASK) == (this->config_ & TMP102_CONFIGURATION_MASK);
+  // A chip reset is invisible in the configuration register when it matches the reset default; check the limits.
+  if (matches &&
+      (this->config_ & TMP102_CONFIGURATION_MASK) == (TMP102_RESET_CONFIGURATION & TMP102_CONFIGURATION_MASK)) {
+    uint16_t high, low;
+    if (!this->read_byte_16(TMP102_REGISTER_HIGH_LIMIT, &high) ||
+        !this->read_byte_16(TMP102_REGISTER_LOW_LIMIT, &low)) {
+      this->status_set_warning();
+      return false;
+    }
+    matches = high == this->high_limit_ && low == this->low_limit_;
+  }
+  if (matches)
+    return true;
+
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Configuration changed; restoring configured settings and thresholds");
+  this->status_set_warning();
+  if (!this->write_configuration_()) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to restore configuration and thresholds");
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+void TMP102Component::read_temperature_() {
+  uint16_t raw;
+  if (!this->read_byte_16(TMP102_REGISTER_TEMPERATURE, &raw)) {
+    this->status_set_warning();
+    return;
+  }
+  const float temperature = decode_temperature(raw, raw & 0x0001);
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Got Temperature=%.2f°C", temperature);
+  this->publish_state(temperature);
+  this->status_clear_warning();
+}
+#endif
+
 }  // namespace esphome::tmp102
diff --git a/esphome/components/tmp102/tmp102.h b/esphome/components/tmp102/tmp102.h
index f9eda32e989..b14b6c4cc1f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tmp102/tmp102.h
+++ b/esphome/components/tmp102/tmp102.h
@@ -1,15 +1,41 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
-#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h"
+#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
 
 namespace esphome::tmp102 {
 
 class TMP102Component final : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice, public sensor::Sensor {
  public:
+#ifdef USE_TMP102_CONFIGURE
+  void setup() override;
+  void set_configuration(uint16_t config, uint16_t high_limit, uint16_t low_limit) {
+    this->config_ = config;
+    this->high_limit_ = high_limit;
+    this->low_limit_ = low_limit;
+    this->configure_ = true;
+  }
+#endif
   void dump_config() override;
   void update() override;
+
+ protected:
+#ifdef USE_TMP102_CONFIGURE
+  bool write_register_(uint8_t reg, uint16_t value);
+  bool write_configuration_();
+  bool check_configuration_();
+  void read_temperature_();
+  void update_configured_();
+
+  uint16_t config_{0};
+  uint16_t high_limit_{0};
+  uint16_t low_limit_{0};
+  bool configure_{false};
+#endif
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::tmp102
diff --git a/esphome/core/defines.h b/esphome/core/defines.h
index de621f891a1..31549ceb8eb 100644
--- a/esphome/core/defines.h
+++ b/esphome/core/defines.h
@@ -243,6 +243,7 @@
 #define USE_TEXT_SENSOR_FILTER
 #define USE_TIME
 #define USE_TIME_TRIGGERS
+#define USE_TMP102_CONFIGURE
 #define USE_TOUCHSCREEN
 #define USE_UART_DEBUGGER
 #define USE_UART_WAKE_LOOP_ON_RX
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/tmp102/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/tmp102/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..61db1769a2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/tmp102/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+"""TMP102 regression tests."""
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/tmp102/config/advanced.yaml b/tests/component_tests/tmp102/config/advanced.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5d32255cb83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/tmp102/config/advanced.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+---
+esphome:
+  name: tmp102-test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+
+i2c:
+  sda: GPIO21
+  scl: GPIO22
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: tmp102
+    id: chip
+    name: Temperature
+    extended_mode: false
+    conversion_rate: 1Hz
+    one_shot_mode: false
+    alert_polarity: active_high
+    thermostat_mode: interrupt
+    fault_queue: 2
+    temperature_high: 30
+    temperature_low: 25
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/tmp102/config/basic.yaml b/tests/component_tests/tmp102/config/basic.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6326b0eaa26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/tmp102/config/basic.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+---
+esphome:
+  name: tmp102-test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+
+i2c:
+  sda: GPIO21
+  scl: GPIO22
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: tmp102
+    id: chip
+    name: Temperature
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/tmp102/test_config.py b/tests/component_tests/tmp102/test_config.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..020303d455d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/tmp102/test_config.py
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+"""Exercise TMP102 sensor validation and code generation."""
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.components import tmp102 as component
+from esphome.components.tmp102.sensor import CONFIG_SCHEMA
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.core import CORE
+
+
+def test_basic_unchanged(
+    generate_main: Callable[[Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    source = generate_main(component_config_path("basic.yaml"))
+    assert "set_configuration" not in source
+    defines = " ".join(define.name for define in CORE.defines)
+    assert "USE_TMP102_" not in defines
+
+
+def test_advanced_options_enable_configuration_once(
+    generate_main: Callable[[Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    source = generate_main(component_config_path("advanced.yaml"))
+    assert source.count("set_configuration(") == 1
+    assert "set_configuration(3648, 7680, 6400)" in source
+    defines = " ".join(define.name for define in CORE.defines)
+    assert "USE_TMP102_CONFIGURE" in defines
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("extended", "high", "low"),
+    [
+        (False, 127.9375, -55),
+        (True, 150, -55),
+        (False, 30, 30),
+    ],
+)
+def test_valid_limits(extended: bool, high: float, low: float) -> None:
+    validated = CONFIG_SCHEMA(
+        {
+            "name": "Temperature",
+            "extended_mode": extended,
+            "temperature_high": high,
+            "temperature_low": low,
+        }
+    )
+    assert validated["temperature_high"] == high
+    assert validated["temperature_low"] == low
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "config",
+    [
+        {"temperature_high": float("nan")},
+        {"temperature_low": float("inf")},
+        {"temperature_low": -55.0625},
+        {"temperature_high": 128},
+        {"extended_mode": True, "temperature_high": 150.0625},
+        {"temperature_high": 30, "temperature_low": 31},
+        {"temperature_high": 74},
+        {"temperature_low": 81},
+        {"fault_queue": 3},
+    ],
+)
+def test_invalid_limits(config: dict) -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid):
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA({"name": "Temperature", **config})
+
+
+def test_precomputed_register_values() -> None:
+    config = CONFIG_SCHEMA(
+        {
+            "name": "Temperature",
+            "extended_mode": True,
+            "conversion_rate": "0.25Hz",
+            "one_shot_mode": True,
+            "alert_polarity": "active_high",
+            "thermostat_mode": "interrupt",
+            "fault_queue": 6,
+            "temperature_high": 12.22,
+            "temperature_low": -12.22,
+        }
+    )
+    assert component.build_configuration(config) == 0x1F10
+    assert component.encode_temperature(config["temperature_high"], True) == 0x0620
+    assert component.encode_temperature(config["temperature_low"], True) == 0xF9E0
+
+
+def test_defaults_match_chip_reset() -> None:
+    assert component.build_configuration({}) == 0x0080
diff --git a/tests/components/tmp102/__init__.py b/tests/components/tmp102/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9702134e8c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/tmp102/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+from tests.testing_helpers import ComponentManifestOverride
+
+
+def override_manifest(manifest: ComponentManifestOverride) -> None:
+    async def to_code_testing(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+        CORE.testing_ensure_platform_registered("sensor")
+        cg.add_define("USE_TMP102_CONFIGURE")
+
+    manifest.to_code = to_code_testing
+    manifest.dependencies = manifest.dependencies + ["i2c", "sensor"]
diff --git a/tests/components/tmp102/common.yaml b/tests/components/tmp102/common.yaml
index 049a8067da7..c764eae42b2 100644
--- a/tests/components/tmp102/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/tmp102/common.yaml
@@ -2,3 +2,16 @@ sensor:
   - platform: tmp102
     i2c_id: i2c_bus
     name: TMP102 Temperature
+  - platform: tmp102
+    id: tmp102_extended_temperature
+    name: TMP102 Extended Temperature
+    i2c_id: i2c_bus
+    address: 0x49
+    extended_mode: true
+    one_shot_mode: true
+    conversion_rate: 8Hz
+    alert_polarity: active_high
+    thermostat_mode: interrupt
+    fault_queue: 6
+    temperature_high: 140°C
+    temperature_low: 120°C
diff --git a/tests/components/tmp102/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/tmp102/test.esp32-idf.yaml
index b47e39c3898..d879c5b4aef 100644
--- a/tests/components/tmp102/test.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/tmp102/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
 packages:
   i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-idf.yaml
-
-<<: !include common.yaml
+  tmp102: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/tmp102/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/tmp102/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
index 4a98b9388ab..10be01238cf 100644
--- a/tests/components/tmp102/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/tmp102/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
 packages:
   i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp8266-ard.yaml
-
-<<: !include common.yaml
+  tmp102: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/tmp102/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/tmp102/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
index 319a7c71a65..b364443f573 100644
--- a/tests/components/tmp102/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/tmp102/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
 packages:
   i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/rp2040-ard.yaml
-
-<<: !include common.yaml
+  tmp102: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/tmp102/test_tmp102.cpp b/tests/components/tmp102/test_tmp102.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b148b07716c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/tmp102/test_tmp102.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+#ifdef USE_HOST
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <array>
+#include "esphome/components/tmp102/tmp102.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+
+namespace esphome::tmp102::testing {
+
+class RegisterBus final : public i2c::I2CBus {
+ public:
+  std::array<uint16_t, 4> registers{0x1900, 0x60A0, 0x4B00, 0x5000};
+  int fail_read{-1};
+  int fail_write{-1};
+  int fail_select{-1};
+  unsigned transactions{0};
+  unsigned writes{0};
+  uint8_t pointer{0};
+
+  i2c::ErrorCode write_readv(uint8_t address, const uint8_t *data, size_t size, uint8_t *out,
+                             size_t out_size) override {
+    ++this->transactions;
+    if (size != 0) {
+      if (data[0] >= this->registers.size() || data[0] == this->fail_select)
+        return i2c::ERROR_NOT_ACKNOWLEDGED;
+      this->pointer = data[0];
+      if (size == 3) {
+        if (this->pointer == this->fail_write)
+          return i2c::ERROR_NOT_ACKNOWLEDGED;
+        ++this->writes;
+        this->registers[this->pointer] = (uint16_t(data[1]) << 8) | data[2];
+      }
+    }
+    if (out_size != 0) {
+      if (out_size != 2 || this->pointer == this->fail_read)
+        return i2c::ERROR_NOT_ACKNOWLEDGED;
+      out[0] = this->registers[this->pointer] >> 8;
+      out[1] = this->registers[this->pointer];
+    }
+    return i2c::ERROR_OK;
+  }
+};
+
+class TMP102Test : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  RegisterBus bus_;
+  TMP102Component chip_;
+  unsigned publications_{0};
+
+  void SetUp() override {
+    new (&App) Application;
+    char name[] = "tmp102-regression-tests";
+    char friendly_name[] = "TMP102 tests";
+    App.pre_setup(name, 23, friendly_name, 12);
+    this->chip_.set_i2c_bus(&this->bus_);
+    this->chip_.set_i2c_address(0x48);
+    this->chip_.add_on_state_callback([this](float) { ++this->publications_; });
+  }
+
+  void TearDown() override {
+    App.scheduler.cancel_timeout(&this->chip_, uint32_t{0});
+    App.scheduler.call(millis());
+    App.~Application();
+  }
+
+  static void run_timers(uint32_t duration) {
+    App.scheduler.call(millis());
+    delay(duration);
+    App.scheduler.call(millis());
+  }
+
+  void configure(uint16_t config = 0x0080, uint16_t high = 0x5000, uint16_t low = 0x4B00) {
+    this->chip_.set_configuration(config, high, low);
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(TMP102Test, LegacySetupAndContinuousReadDoNotWriteRegisters) {
+  const auto original = this->bus_.registers;
+  this->chip_.setup();
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->bus_.transactions, 0);
+  this->chip_.update();
+  run_timers(55);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(this->chip_.state, 25);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->publications_, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->bus_.writes, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->bus_.registers, original);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TMP102Test, SampleFormatOverridesConfiguredModeInBothDirections) {
+  for (bool configured_extended : {false, true}) {
+    this->configure(configured_extended ? 0x0010 : 0, configured_extended ? 0x2800 : 0x5000,
+                    configured_extended ? 0x2580 : 0x4B00);
+    this->chip_.setup();
+    const auto writes = this->bus_.writes;
+    for (auto raw : {0x1900, 0x0C81, 0xFF00, 0xFF81}) {
+      this->bus_.registers[0] = raw;
+      this->chip_.update();
+      EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(this->chip_.state, raw & 0x8000 ? -1 : 25);
+      EXPECT_FALSE(this->chip_.status_has_warning());
+      EXPECT_EQ(this->bus_.writes, writes);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(TMP102Test, WritableConfigurationFields) {
+  this->configure(0x1FD0, 0x2800, 0x2580);
+  this->chip_.setup();
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->bus_.registers[1], 0x1FD0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->bus_.registers[3], 0x2800);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->bus_.registers[2], 0x2580);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TMP102Test, RestoresRegistersAfterChipOnlyResetBeforePublishing) {
+  this->configure(0x0090, 0x2D00, 0x2A80);
+  this->chip_.setup();
+  const auto configured = this->bus_.registers;
+  this->chip_.update();
+  this->bus_.registers = {0x1900, 0x60A0, 0x4B00, 0x5000};
+  this->chip_.update();
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->publications_, 1);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->chip_.status_has_warning());
+  for (size_t reg = 1; reg < 4; ++reg)
+    EXPECT_EQ(this->bus_.registers[reg], configured[reg]);
+  this->chip_.update();
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->publications_, 2);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(this->chip_.state, 25);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(this->chip_.status_has_warning());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TMP102Test, RecoveryRetriesFailedWritesAndDetectsThresholdOnlyChange) {
+  this->configure();
+  this->chip_.setup();
+  this->bus_.registers[3] = 0;
+  this->bus_.fail_write = 3;
+  this->chip_.update();
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->publications_, 0);
+  this->bus_.fail_write = -1;
+  this->chip_.update();
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->bus_.registers[3], 0x5000);
+  this->chip_.update();
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->publications_, 1);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TMP102Test, ConfigurationReadFailuresDoNotPublishOrOverwriteRegisters) {
+  this->configure();
+  this->chip_.setup();
+  for (int reg : {1, 2, 3}) {
+    const auto publications = this->publications_;
+    const auto writes = this->bus_.writes;
+    this->bus_.fail_read = reg;
+    this->chip_.update();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(this->chip_.status_has_warning());
+    EXPECT_EQ(this->publications_, publications);
+    EXPECT_EQ(this->bus_.writes, writes);
+    this->bus_.fail_read = -1;
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(TMP102Test, ReadOnlyConfigurationBitsDoNotTriggerRecovery) {
+  this->configure();
+  this->chip_.setup();
+  const auto writes = this->bus_.writes;
+  this->bus_.registers[1] ^= 0xE020;
+  this->chip_.update();
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->publications_, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->bus_.writes, writes);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(this->chip_.status_has_warning());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TMP102Test, OneShotTriggerFailureSetsWarning) {
+  this->configure(0x0180);
+  this->chip_.setup();
+  this->bus_.fail_write = 1;
+  this->chip_.update();
+  run_timers(45);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->publications_, 0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->chip_.status_has_warning());
+}
+
+TEST_F(TMP102Test, OneShotRestartsPendingReadAndReselectsTemperature) {
+  this->configure(0x0180);
+  this->chip_.setup();
+  this->chip_.update();
+  this->chip_.update();
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->publications_, 0);
+  this->bus_.pointer = 3;
+  run_timers(45);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->publications_, 1);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(this->chip_.state, 25);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TMP102Test, LimitsAreOnlyCheckedWhenConfigurationMatchesResetDefault) {
+  this->configure();
+  this->chip_.setup();
+  this->bus_.registers[2] = 0;
+  this->chip_.update();
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->publications_, 0);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(this->chip_.status_has_warning());
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->bus_.registers[2], 0x4B00);
+
+  this->configure(0x00C0);
+  this->chip_.setup();
+  this->bus_.registers[2] = 0;
+  const auto transactions = this->bus_.transactions;
+  const auto writes = this->bus_.writes;
+  this->chip_.update();
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->bus_.transactions - transactions, 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->bus_.writes, writes);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->publications_, 1);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TMP102Test, FailureOfAnySetupWriteMarksComponentFailed) {
+  for (int reg : {1, 2, 3}) {
+    TMP102Component failed;
+    failed.set_i2c_bus(&this->bus_);
+    failed.set_i2c_address(0x48);
+    failed.set_configuration(0x0080, 0x5000, 0x4B00);
+    this->bus_.fail_write = reg;
+    failed.setup();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(failed.is_failed());
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::tmp102::testing
+
+#endif