From d6461251f925c4be1197a34f7d6be761a1cc014f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jesse Hills <3060199+jesserockz@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Feb 2026 23:04:19 +1300
Subject: [PATCH 001/609] Bump version to 2026.3.0-dev

---
 Doxyfile         | 2 +-
 esphome/const.py | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Doxyfile b/Doxyfile
index efc2f464e3..1a9e0b4e10 100644
--- a/Doxyfile
+++ b/Doxyfile
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ PROJECT_NAME           = ESPHome
 # could be handy for archiving the generated documentation or if some version
 # control system is used.
 
-PROJECT_NUMBER         = 2026.2.0-dev
+PROJECT_NUMBER         = 2026.3.0-dev
 
 # Using the PROJECT_BRIEF tag one can provide an optional one line description
 # for a project that appears at the top of each page and should give viewer a
diff --git a/esphome/const.py b/esphome/const.py
index 00d8013cc6..f72cbc8893 100644
--- a/esphome/const.py
+++ b/esphome/const.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from enum import Enum
 
 from esphome.enum import StrEnum
 
-__version__ = "2026.2.0-dev"
+__version__ = "2026.3.0-dev"
 
 ALLOWED_NAME_CHARS = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_"
 VALID_SUBSTITUTIONS_CHARACTERS = (

From 8a08c688f628a0a2302db29dd52646168ea6fe99 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: schrob <83939986+schdro@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Feb 2026 13:25:51 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 002/609] [mipi_spi] Add Waveshare 1.83 v2 panel (#13680)

---
 .../components/mipi_spi/models/waveshare.py   | 83 ++++++++++++++++++-
 tests/components/mipi_spi/common.yaml         | 24 +++++-
 2 files changed, 103 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/waveshare.py b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/waveshare.py
index e4e090da2e..cc86101f5e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/waveshare.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/waveshare.py
@@ -1,4 +1,17 @@
-from esphome.components.mipi import DriverChip
+from esphome.components.mipi import (
+    ETMOD,
+    FRMCTR2,
+    GMCTRN1,
+    GMCTRP1,
+    IFCTR,
+    MODE_RGB,
+    PWCTR1,
+    PWCTR3,
+    PWCTR4,
+    PWCTR5,
+    PWSET,
+    DriverChip,
+)
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 
 from .amoled import CO5300
@@ -129,6 +142,16 @@ DriverChip(
         ),
     ),
 )
+ST7789P = DriverChip(
+    "ST7789P",
+    # Max supported dimensions
+    width=240,
+    height=320,
+    # SPI: RGB layout
+    color_order=MODE_RGB,
+    invert_colors=True,
+    draw_rounding=1,
+)
 
 ILI9488_A.extend(
     "PICO-RESTOUCH-LCD-3.5",
@@ -162,3 +185,61 @@ AXS15231.extend(
     cs_pin=9,
     reset_pin=21,
 )
+
+# Waveshare 1.83-v2
+#
+# Do not use on 1.83-v1: Vendor warning on different chip!
+ST7789P.extend(
+    "WAVESHARE-1.83-V2",
+    # Panel size smaller than ST7789 max allowed
+    width=240,
+    height=284,
+    # Vendor specific init derived from vendor sample code
+    # "LCD_1.83_Code_Rev2/ESP32/LCD_1in83/LCD_Driver.cpp"
+    # Compatible MIT license, see esphome/LICENSE file.
+    initsequence=(
+        (FRMCTR2, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x33, 0x33),
+        (ETMOD, 0x35),
+        (0xBB, 0x19),
+        (PWCTR1, 0x2C),
+        (PWCTR3, 0x01),
+        (PWCTR4, 0x12),
+        (PWCTR5, 0x20),
+        (IFCTR, 0x0F),
+        (PWSET, 0xA4, 0xA1),
+        (
+            GMCTRP1,
+            0xD0,
+            0x04,
+            0x0D,
+            0x11,
+            0x13,
+            0x2B,
+            0x3F,
+            0x54,
+            0x4C,
+            0x18,
+            0x0D,
+            0x0B,
+            0x1F,
+            0x23,
+        ),
+        (
+            GMCTRN1,
+            0xD0,
+            0x04,
+            0x0C,
+            0x11,
+            0x13,
+            0x2C,
+            0x3F,
+            0x44,
+            0x51,
+            0x2F,
+            0x1F,
+            0x1F,
+            0x20,
+            0x23,
+        ),
+    ),
+)
diff --git a/tests/components/mipi_spi/common.yaml b/tests/components/mipi_spi/common.yaml
index 692a9f436e..a867b726ed 100644
--- a/tests/components/mipi_spi/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/mipi_spi/common.yaml
@@ -3,9 +3,15 @@ display:
     spi_16: true
     pixel_mode: 18bit
     model: ili9488
-    dc_pin: ${dc_pin}
-    cs_pin: ${cs_pin}
-    reset_pin: ${reset_pin}
+    dc_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: ${dc_pin}
+    cs_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: ${cs_pin}
+    reset_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: ${reset_pin}
     data_rate: 20MHz
     invert_colors: true
     show_test_card: true
@@ -24,3 +30,15 @@ display:
       height: 200
     enable_pin: ${enable_pin}
     bus_mode: single
+
+  - platform: mipi_spi
+    model: WAVESHARE-1.83-V2
+    dc_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: ${dc_pin}
+    cs_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: ${cs_pin}
+    reset_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: ${reset_pin}

From 7b251dcc310a7751f85c22de33d493288c0f700a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Guillermo Ruffino <glm.net@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Feb 2026 13:23:59 -0300
Subject: [PATCH 003/609] [schema-gen] fix Windows: ensure UTF-8 encoding when
 reading component files (#13952)

---
 script/build_language_schema.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/script/build_language_schema.py b/script/build_language_schema.py
index c9501cb193..bea540dc63 100755
--- a/script/build_language_schema.py
+++ b/script/build_language_schema.py
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ def get_logger_tags():
         "api.service",
     ]
     for file in CORE_COMPONENTS_PATH.rglob("*.cpp"):
-        data = file.read_text()
+        data = file.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
         match = pattern.search(data)
         if match:
             tags.append(match.group(1))

From 9aa98ed6c65d7f2f025bdc9c5eb3ebe78e9bb71d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 12 Feb 2026 10:26:10 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 004/609] [uart] Remove redundant mutex, fix flush race,
 conditional event queue (#13955)

---
 .../uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp           | 49 ++++++++++---------
 .../components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.h  | 17 +++++--
 2 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp
index 19b9a4077f..6c242220a6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp
@@ -90,7 +90,6 @@ void IDFUARTComponent::setup() {
     return;
   }
   this->uart_num_ = static_cast<uart_port_t>(next_uart_num++);
-  this->lock_ = xSemaphoreCreateMutex();
 
 #if (SOC_UART_LP_NUM >= 1)
   size_t fifo_len = ((this->uart_num_ < SOC_UART_HP_NUM) ? SOC_UART_FIFO_LEN : SOC_LP_UART_FIFO_LEN);
@@ -102,11 +101,7 @@ void IDFUARTComponent::setup() {
     this->rx_buffer_size_ = fifo_len * 2;
   }
 
-  xSemaphoreTake(this->lock_, portMAX_DELAY);
-
   this->load_settings(false);
-
-  xSemaphoreGive(this->lock_);
 }
 
 void IDFUARTComponent::load_settings(bool dump_config) {
@@ -126,13 +121,20 @@ void IDFUARTComponent::load_settings(bool dump_config) {
       return;
     }
   }
+#ifdef USE_UART_WAKE_LOOP_ON_RX
+  constexpr int event_queue_size = 20;
+  QueueHandle_t *event_queue_ptr = &this->uart_event_queue_;
+#else
+  constexpr int event_queue_size = 0;
+  QueueHandle_t *event_queue_ptr = nullptr;
+#endif
   err = uart_driver_install(this->uart_num_,        // UART number
                             this->rx_buffer_size_,  // RX ring buffer size
-                            0,   // TX ring buffer size. If zero, driver will not use a TX buffer and TX function will
-                                 // block task until all data has been sent out
-                            20,  // event queue size/depth
-                            &this->uart_event_queue_,  // event queue
-                            0                          // Flags used to allocate the interrupt
+                            0,  // TX ring buffer size. If zero, driver will not use a TX buffer and TX function will
+                                // block task until all data has been sent out
+                            event_queue_size,  // event queue size/depth
+                            event_queue_ptr,   // event queue
+                            0                  // Flags used to allocate the interrupt
   );
   if (err != ESP_OK) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "uart_driver_install failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
@@ -282,9 +284,7 @@ void IDFUARTComponent::set_rx_timeout(size_t rx_timeout) {
 }
 
 void IDFUARTComponent::write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
-  xSemaphoreTake(this->lock_, portMAX_DELAY);
   int32_t write_len = uart_write_bytes(this->uart_num_, data, len);
-  xSemaphoreGive(this->lock_);
   if (write_len != (int32_t) len) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "uart_write_bytes failed: %d != %zu", write_len, len);
     this->mark_failed();
@@ -299,7 +299,6 @@ void IDFUARTComponent::write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
 bool IDFUARTComponent::peek_byte(uint8_t *data) {
   if (!this->check_read_timeout_())
     return false;
-  xSemaphoreTake(this->lock_, portMAX_DELAY);
   if (this->has_peek_) {
     *data = this->peek_byte_;
   } else {
@@ -311,7 +310,6 @@ bool IDFUARTComponent::peek_byte(uint8_t *data) {
       this->peek_byte_ = *data;
     }
   }
-  xSemaphoreGive(this->lock_);
   return true;
 }
 
@@ -320,7 +318,6 @@ bool IDFUARTComponent::read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   int32_t read_len = 0;
   if (!this->check_read_timeout_(len))
     return false;
-  xSemaphoreTake(this->lock_, portMAX_DELAY);
   if (this->has_peek_) {
     length_to_read--;
     *data = this->peek_byte_;
@@ -329,7 +326,6 @@ bool IDFUARTComponent::read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   }
   if (length_to_read > 0)
     read_len = uart_read_bytes(this->uart_num_, data, length_to_read, 20 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
-  xSemaphoreGive(this->lock_);
 #ifdef USE_UART_DEBUGGER
   for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
     this->debug_callback_.call(UART_DIRECTION_RX, data[i]);
@@ -342,9 +338,7 @@ size_t IDFUARTComponent::available() {
   size_t available = 0;
   esp_err_t err;
 
-  xSemaphoreTake(this->lock_, portMAX_DELAY);
   err = uart_get_buffered_data_len(this->uart_num_, &available);
-  xSemaphoreGive(this->lock_);
 
   if (err != ESP_OK) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "uart_get_buffered_data_len failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
@@ -358,9 +352,7 @@ size_t IDFUARTComponent::available() {
 
 void IDFUARTComponent::flush() {
   ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "    Flushing");
-  xSemaphoreTake(this->lock_, portMAX_DELAY);
   uart_wait_tx_done(this->uart_num_, portMAX_DELAY);
-  xSemaphoreGive(this->lock_);
 }
 
 void IDFUARTComponent::check_logger_conflict() {}
@@ -384,6 +376,13 @@ void IDFUARTComponent::start_rx_event_task_() {
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "RX event task started");
 }
 
+// FreeRTOS task that relays UART ISR events to the main loop.
+// This task exists because wake_loop_threadsafe() is not ISR-safe (it uses a
+// UDP loopback socket), so we need a task as an ISR-to-main-loop trampoline.
+// IMPORTANT: This task must NOT call any UART wrapper methods (read_array,
+// write_array, peek_byte, etc.) or touch has_peek_/peek_byte_ — all reading
+// is done by the main loop. This task only reads from the event queue and
+// calls App.wake_loop_threadsafe().
 void IDFUARTComponent::rx_event_task_func(void *param) {
   auto *self = static_cast<IDFUARTComponent *>(param);
   uart_event_t event;
@@ -405,8 +404,14 @@ void IDFUARTComponent::rx_event_task_func(void *param) {
 
         case UART_FIFO_OVF:
         case UART_BUFFER_FULL:
-          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "FIFO overflow or ring buffer full - clearing");
-          uart_flush_input(self->uart_num_);
+          // Don't call uart_flush_input() here — this task does not own the read side.
+          // ESP-IDF examples flush on overflow because the same task handles both events
+          // and reads, so flush and read are serialized. Here, reads happen on the main
+          // loop, so flushing from this task races with read_array() and can destroy data
+          // mid-read. The driver self-heals without an explicit flush: uart_read_bytes()
+          // calls uart_check_buf_full() after each chunk, which moves stashed FIFO bytes
+          // into the ring buffer and re-enables RX interrupts once space is freed.
+          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "FIFO overflow or ring buffer full");
 #if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE)
           App.wake_loop_threadsafe();
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.h b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.h
index 1ecb02d7ab..1517eab509 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.h
@@ -8,6 +8,13 @@
 
 namespace esphome::uart {
 
+/// ESP-IDF UART driver wrapper.
+///
+/// Thread safety: All public methods must only be called from the main loop.
+/// The ESP-IDF UART driver API does not guarantee thread safety, and ESPHome's
+/// peek byte state (has_peek_/peek_byte_) is not synchronized. The rx_event_task
+/// (when enabled) must not call any of these methods — it communicates with the
+/// main loop exclusively via App.wake_loop_threadsafe().
 class IDFUARTComponent : public UARTComponent, public Component {
  public:
   void setup() override;
@@ -26,7 +33,9 @@ class IDFUARTComponent : public UARTComponent, public Component {
   void flush() override;
 
   uint8_t get_hw_serial_number() { return this->uart_num_; }
+#ifdef USE_UART_WAKE_LOOP_ON_RX
   QueueHandle_t *get_uart_event_queue() { return &this->uart_event_queue_; }
+#endif
 
   /**
    * Load the UART with the current settings.
@@ -46,18 +55,20 @@ class IDFUARTComponent : public UARTComponent, public Component {
  protected:
   void check_logger_conflict() override;
   uart_port_t uart_num_;
-  QueueHandle_t uart_event_queue_;
   uart_config_t get_config_();
-  SemaphoreHandle_t lock_;
 
   bool has_peek_{false};
   uint8_t peek_byte_;
 
 #ifdef USE_UART_WAKE_LOOP_ON_RX
-  // RX notification support
+  // RX notification support — runs on a separate FreeRTOS task.
+  // IMPORTANT: rx_event_task_func must NOT call any UART wrapper methods (read_array,
+  // write_array, etc.) or touch has_peek_/peek_byte_. It must only read from the
+  // event queue and call App.wake_loop_threadsafe().
   void start_rx_event_task_();
   static void rx_event_task_func(void *param);
 
+  QueueHandle_t uart_event_queue_;
   TaskHandle_t rx_event_task_handle_{nullptr};
 #endif  // USE_UART_WAKE_LOOP_ON_RX
 };

From 725e774fe79aac107288af979bf8ff7da7479feb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 12 Feb 2026 10:26:36 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 005/609] [web_server] Guard icon JSON field with
 USE_ENTITY_ICON (#13948)

---
 esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
index dfd602be6b..7da8b49c6d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
@@ -557,7 +557,9 @@ static void set_json_id(JsonObject &root, EntityBase *obj, const char *prefix, J
       root[ESPHOME_F("device")] = device_name;
     }
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
     root[ESPHOME_F("icon")] = obj->get_icon_ref();
+#endif
     root[ESPHOME_F("entity_category")] = obj->get_entity_category();
     bool is_disabled = obj->is_disabled_by_default();
     if (is_disabled)

From 60fef5e656396593f2a2867241ebf7c576549917 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 12 Feb 2026 10:26:54 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 006/609] [analyze_memory] Fix mDNS packet buffer
 miscategorized as wifi_config (#13949)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/analyze_memory/const.py | 3 +--
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/analyze_memory/const.py b/esphome/analyze_memory/const.py
index 66866615a6..3bdf555ae3 100644
--- a/esphome/analyze_memory/const.py
+++ b/esphome/analyze_memory/const.py
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ SYMBOL_PATTERNS = {
     "ipv6_stack": ["nd6_", "ip6_", "mld6_", "icmp6_", "icmp6_input"],
     # Order matters! More specific categories must come before general ones.
     # mdns must come before bluetooth to avoid "_mdns_disable_pcb" matching "ble_" pattern
-    "mdns_lib": ["mdns"],
+    "mdns_lib": ["mdns", "packet$"],
     # memory_mgmt must come before wifi_stack to catch mmu_hal_* symbols
     "memory_mgmt": [
         "mem_",
@@ -794,7 +794,6 @@ SYMBOL_PATTERNS = {
         "s_dp",
         "s_ni",
         "s_reg_dump",
-        "packet$",
         "d_mult_table",
         "K",
         "fcstab",

From 0e1433329da006a6f58dfc1d5e086d93d743bf07 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 12 Feb 2026 11:04:23 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 007/609] [api] Extract cold code from APIServer::loop() hot
 path (#13902)

---
 esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp | 130 ++++++++++++++------------
 esphome/components/api/api_server.h   |   5 +
 2 files changed, 74 insertions(+), 61 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp
index 53b41a5c14..5503cf4db8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp
@@ -117,37 +117,7 @@ void APIServer::setup() {
 void APIServer::loop() {
   // Accept new clients only if the socket exists and has incoming connections
   if (this->socket_ && this->socket_->ready()) {
-    while (true) {
-      struct sockaddr_storage source_addr;
-      socklen_t addr_len = sizeof(source_addr);
-
-      auto sock = this->socket_->accept_loop_monitored((struct sockaddr *) &source_addr, &addr_len);
-      if (!sock)
-        break;
-
-      char peername[socket::SOCKADDR_STR_LEN];
-      sock->getpeername_to(peername);
-
-      // Check if we're at the connection limit
-      if (this->clients_.size() >= this->max_connections_) {
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Max connections (%d), rejecting %s", this->max_connections_, peername);
-        // Immediately close - socket destructor will handle cleanup
-        sock.reset();
-        continue;
-      }
-
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Accept %s", peername);
-
-      auto *conn = new APIConnection(std::move(sock), this);
-      this->clients_.emplace_back(conn);
-      conn->start();
-
-      // First client connected - clear warning and update timestamp
-      if (this->clients_.size() == 1 && this->reboot_timeout_ != 0) {
-        this->status_clear_warning();
-        this->last_connected_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
-      }
-    }
+    this->accept_new_connections_();
   }
 
   if (this->clients_.empty()) {
@@ -178,46 +148,84 @@ void APIServer::loop() {
   while (client_index < this->clients_.size()) {
     auto &client = this->clients_[client_index];
 
-    if (!client->flags_.remove) {
+    if (client->flags_.remove) {
+      // Rare case: handle disconnection (don't increment - swapped element needs processing)
+      this->remove_client_(client_index);
+    } else {
       // Common case: process active client
       client->loop();
       client_index++;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void APIServer::remove_client_(size_t client_index) {
+  auto &client = this->clients_[client_index];
+
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
+  this->unregister_active_action_calls_for_connection(client.get());
+#endif
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Remove connection %s", client->get_name());
+
+#ifdef USE_API_CLIENT_DISCONNECTED_TRIGGER
+  // Save client info before closing socket and removal for the trigger
+  char peername_buf[socket::SOCKADDR_STR_LEN];
+  std::string client_name(client->get_name());
+  std::string client_peername(client->get_peername_to(peername_buf));
+#endif
+
+  // Close socket now (was deferred from on_fatal_error to allow getpeername)
+  client->helper_->close();
+
+  // Swap with the last element and pop (avoids expensive vector shifts)
+  if (client_index < this->clients_.size() - 1) {
+    std::swap(this->clients_[client_index], this->clients_.back());
+  }
+  this->clients_.pop_back();
+
+  // Last client disconnected - set warning and start tracking for reboot timeout
+  if (this->clients_.empty() && this->reboot_timeout_ != 0) {
+    this->status_set_warning();
+    this->last_connected_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+  }
+
+#ifdef USE_API_CLIENT_DISCONNECTED_TRIGGER
+  // Fire trigger after client is removed so api.connected reflects the true state
+  this->client_disconnected_trigger_.trigger(client_name, client_peername);
+#endif
+}
+
+void APIServer::accept_new_connections_() {
+  while (true) {
+    struct sockaddr_storage source_addr;
+    socklen_t addr_len = sizeof(source_addr);
+
+    auto sock = this->socket_->accept_loop_monitored((struct sockaddr *) &source_addr, &addr_len);
+    if (!sock)
+      break;
+
+    char peername[socket::SOCKADDR_STR_LEN];
+    sock->getpeername_to(peername);
+
+    // Check if we're at the connection limit
+    if (this->clients_.size() >= this->max_connections_) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Max connections (%d), rejecting %s", this->max_connections_, peername);
+      // Immediately close - socket destructor will handle cleanup
+      sock.reset();
       continue;
     }
 
-    // Rare case: handle disconnection
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
-    this->unregister_active_action_calls_for_connection(client.get());
-#endif
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Remove connection %s", client->get_name());
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Accept %s", peername);
 
-#ifdef USE_API_CLIENT_DISCONNECTED_TRIGGER
-    // Save client info before closing socket and removal for the trigger
-    char peername_buf[socket::SOCKADDR_STR_LEN];
-    std::string client_name(client->get_name());
-    std::string client_peername(client->get_peername_to(peername_buf));
-#endif
+    auto *conn = new APIConnection(std::move(sock), this);
+    this->clients_.emplace_back(conn);
+    conn->start();
 
-    // Close socket now (was deferred from on_fatal_error to allow getpeername)
-    client->helper_->close();
-
-    // Swap with the last element and pop (avoids expensive vector shifts)
-    if (client_index < this->clients_.size() - 1) {
-      std::swap(this->clients_[client_index], this->clients_.back());
-    }
-    this->clients_.pop_back();
-
-    // Last client disconnected - set warning and start tracking for reboot timeout
-    if (this->clients_.empty() && this->reboot_timeout_ != 0) {
-      this->status_set_warning();
+    // First client connected - clear warning and update timestamp
+    if (this->clients_.size() == 1 && this->reboot_timeout_ != 0) {
+      this->status_clear_warning();
       this->last_connected_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
     }
-
-#ifdef USE_API_CLIENT_DISCONNECTED_TRIGGER
-    // Fire trigger after client is removed so api.connected reflects the true state
-    this->client_disconnected_trigger_.trigger(client_name, client_peername);
-#endif
-    // Don't increment client_index since we need to process the swapped element
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_server.h b/esphome/components/api/api_server.h
index 6ab3cdc576..28f60343e0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_server.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_server.h
@@ -234,6 +234,11 @@ class APIServer : public Component,
 #endif
 
  protected:
+  // Accept incoming socket connections. Only called when socket has pending connections.
+  void __attribute__((noinline)) accept_new_connections_();
+  // Remove a disconnected client by index. Swaps with last element and pops.
+  void __attribute__((noinline)) remove_client_(size_t client_index);
+
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
   bool update_noise_psk_(const SavedNoisePsk &new_psk, const LogString *save_log_msg, const LogString *fail_log_msg,
                          const psk_t &active_psk, bool make_active);

From cde8b6671932d3b75b0a323ef947f24cd9f2872f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 12 Feb 2026 11:04:41 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 008/609] [web_server] Switch from getParam to arg API to
 eliminate heap allocations (#13942)

---
 .../captive_portal/captive_portal.cpp         |  8 +-
 esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp  | 94 +++++++++----------
 esphome/components/web_server/web_server.h    | 53 ++++-------
 esphome/components/web_server_idf/utils.cpp   | 41 ++++----
 esphome/components/web_server_idf/utils.h     |  5 +-
 .../web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp         | 52 ++++++++--
 .../web_server_idf/web_server_idf.h           | 11 +--
 7 files changed, 134 insertions(+), 130 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_portal.cpp b/esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_portal.cpp
index 8d88a10b27..5af6ab29a2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_portal.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_portal.cpp
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ void CaptivePortal::handle_config(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
   request->send(stream);
 }
 void CaptivePortal::handle_wifisave(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
-  std::string ssid = request->arg("ssid").c_str();  // NOLINT(readability-redundant-string-cstr)
-  std::string psk = request->arg("psk").c_str();    // NOLINT(readability-redundant-string-cstr)
+  const auto &ssid = request->arg("ssid");
+  const auto &psk = request->arg("psk");
   ESP_LOGI(TAG,
            "Requested WiFi Settings Change:\n"
            "  SSID='%s'\n"
@@ -56,10 +56,10 @@ void CaptivePortal::handle_wifisave(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
            ssid.c_str(), psk.c_str());
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266
   // ESP8266 is single-threaded, call directly
-  wifi::global_wifi_component->save_wifi_sta(ssid, psk);
+  wifi::global_wifi_component->save_wifi_sta(ssid.c_str(), psk.c_str());
 #else
   // Defer save to main loop thread to avoid NVS operations from HTTP thread
-  this->defer([ssid, psk]() { wifi::global_wifi_component->save_wifi_sta(ssid, psk); });
+  this->defer([ssid, psk]() { wifi::global_wifi_component->save_wifi_sta(ssid.c_str(), psk.c_str()); });
 #endif
   request->redirect(ESPHOME_F("/?save"));
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
index 7da8b49c6d..c7a0639382 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
@@ -585,8 +585,7 @@ static void set_json_icon_state_value(JsonObject &root, EntityBase *obj, const c
 
 // Helper to get request detail parameter
 static JsonDetail get_request_detail(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
-  auto *param = request->getParam(ESPHOME_F("detail"));
-  return (param && param->value() == "all") ? DETAIL_ALL : DETAIL_STATE;
+  return request->arg(ESPHOME_F("detail")) == "all" ? DETAIL_ALL : DETAIL_STATE;
 }
 
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
@@ -863,10 +862,10 @@ void WebServer::handle_fan_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatc
       }
       auto call = is_on ? obj->turn_on() : obj->turn_off();
 
-      parse_int_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("speed_level"), call, &decltype(call)::set_speed);
+      parse_num_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("speed_level"), call, &decltype(call)::set_speed);
 
-      if (request->hasParam(ESPHOME_F("oscillation"))) {
-        auto speed = request->getParam(ESPHOME_F("oscillation"))->value();
+      if (request->hasArg(ESPHOME_F("oscillation"))) {
+        auto speed = request->arg(ESPHOME_F("oscillation"));
         auto val = parse_on_off(speed.c_str());
         switch (val) {
           case PARSE_ON:
@@ -1042,14 +1041,14 @@ void WebServer::handle_cover_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMa
     }
 
     auto traits = obj->get_traits();
-    if ((request->hasParam(ESPHOME_F("position")) && !traits.get_supports_position()) ||
-        (request->hasParam(ESPHOME_F("tilt")) && !traits.get_supports_tilt())) {
+    if ((request->hasArg(ESPHOME_F("position")) && !traits.get_supports_position()) ||
+        (request->hasArg(ESPHOME_F("tilt")) && !traits.get_supports_tilt())) {
       request->send(409);
       return;
     }
 
-    parse_float_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("position"), call, &decltype(call)::set_position);
-    parse_float_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("tilt"), call, &decltype(call)::set_tilt);
+    parse_num_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("position"), call, &decltype(call)::set_position);
+    parse_num_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("tilt"), call, &decltype(call)::set_tilt);
 
     DEFER_ACTION(call, call.perform());
     request->send(200);
@@ -1108,7 +1107,7 @@ void WebServer::handle_number_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlM
     }
 
     auto call = obj->make_call();
-    parse_float_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("value"), call, &decltype(call)::set_value);
+    parse_num_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("value"), call, &decltype(call)::set_value);
 
     DEFER_ACTION(call, call.perform());
     request->send(200);
@@ -1176,12 +1175,13 @@ void WebServer::handle_date_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMat
 
     auto call = obj->make_call();
 
-    if (!request->hasParam(ESPHOME_F("value"))) {
+    const auto &value = request->arg(ESPHOME_F("value"));
+    // Arduino String has isEmpty() not empty(), use length() for cross-platform compatibility
+    if (value.length() == 0) {  // NOLINT(readability-container-size-empty)
       request->send(409);
       return;
     }
-
-    parse_string_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("value"), call, &decltype(call)::set_date);
+    call.set_date(value.c_str(), value.length());
 
     DEFER_ACTION(call, call.perform());
     request->send(200);
@@ -1236,12 +1236,13 @@ void WebServer::handle_time_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMat
 
     auto call = obj->make_call();
 
-    if (!request->hasParam(ESPHOME_F("value"))) {
+    const auto &value = request->arg(ESPHOME_F("value"));
+    // Arduino String has isEmpty() not empty(), use length() for cross-platform compatibility
+    if (value.length() == 0) {  // NOLINT(readability-container-size-empty)
       request->send(409);
       return;
     }
-
-    parse_string_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("value"), call, &decltype(call)::set_time);
+    call.set_time(value.c_str(), value.length());
 
     DEFER_ACTION(call, call.perform());
     request->send(200);
@@ -1295,12 +1296,13 @@ void WebServer::handle_datetime_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const Ur
 
     auto call = obj->make_call();
 
-    if (!request->hasParam(ESPHOME_F("value"))) {
+    const auto &value = request->arg(ESPHOME_F("value"));
+    // Arduino String has isEmpty() not empty(), use length() for cross-platform compatibility
+    if (value.length() == 0) {  // NOLINT(readability-container-size-empty)
       request->send(409);
       return;
     }
-
-    parse_string_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("value"), call, &decltype(call)::set_datetime);
+    call.set_datetime(value.c_str(), value.length());
 
     DEFER_ACTION(call, call.perform());
     request->send(200);
@@ -1479,10 +1481,14 @@ void WebServer::handle_climate_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const Url
     parse_string_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("swing_mode"), call, &decltype(call)::set_swing_mode);
 
     // Parse temperature parameters
-    parse_float_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("target_temperature_high"), call,
-                       &decltype(call)::set_target_temperature_high);
-    parse_float_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("target_temperature_low"), call, &decltype(call)::set_target_temperature_low);
-    parse_float_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("target_temperature"), call, &decltype(call)::set_target_temperature);
+    // static_cast needed to disambiguate overloaded setters (float vs optional<float>)
+    using ClimateCall = decltype(call);
+    parse_num_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("target_temperature_high"), call,
+                     static_cast<ClimateCall &(ClimateCall::*) (float)>(&ClimateCall::set_target_temperature_high));
+    parse_num_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("target_temperature_low"), call,
+                     static_cast<ClimateCall &(ClimateCall::*) (float)>(&ClimateCall::set_target_temperature_low));
+    parse_num_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("target_temperature"), call,
+                     static_cast<ClimateCall &(ClimateCall::*) (float)>(&ClimateCall::set_target_temperature));
 
     DEFER_ACTION(call, call.perform());
     request->send(200);
@@ -1723,12 +1729,12 @@ void WebServer::handle_valve_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMa
     }
 
     auto traits = obj->get_traits();
-    if (request->hasParam(ESPHOME_F("position")) && !traits.get_supports_position()) {
+    if (request->hasArg(ESPHOME_F("position")) && !traits.get_supports_position()) {
       request->send(409);
       return;
     }
 
-    parse_float_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("position"), call, &decltype(call)::set_position);
+    parse_num_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("position"), call, &decltype(call)::set_position);
 
     DEFER_ACTION(call, call.perform());
     request->send(200);
@@ -1872,12 +1878,12 @@ void WebServer::handle_water_heater_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, cons
     parse_string_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("mode"), base_call, &water_heater::WaterHeaterCall::set_mode);
 
     // Parse temperature parameters
-    parse_float_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("target_temperature"), base_call,
-                       &water_heater::WaterHeaterCall::set_target_temperature);
-    parse_float_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("target_temperature_low"), base_call,
-                       &water_heater::WaterHeaterCall::set_target_temperature_low);
-    parse_float_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("target_temperature_high"), base_call,
-                       &water_heater::WaterHeaterCall::set_target_temperature_high);
+    parse_num_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("target_temperature"), base_call,
+                     &water_heater::WaterHeaterCall::set_target_temperature);
+    parse_num_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("target_temperature_low"), base_call,
+                     &water_heater::WaterHeaterCall::set_target_temperature_low);
+    parse_num_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("target_temperature_high"), base_call,
+                     &water_heater::WaterHeaterCall::set_target_temperature_high);
 
     // Parse away mode parameter
     parse_bool_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("away"), base_call, &water_heater::WaterHeaterCall::set_away);
@@ -1981,16 +1987,16 @@ void WebServer::handle_infrared_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const Ur
     auto call = obj->make_call();
 
     // Parse carrier frequency (optional)
-    if (request->hasParam(ESPHOME_F("carrier_frequency"))) {
-      auto value = parse_number<uint32_t>(request->getParam(ESPHOME_F("carrier_frequency"))->value().c_str());
+    {
+      auto value = parse_number<uint32_t>(request->arg(ESPHOME_F("carrier_frequency")).c_str());
       if (value.has_value()) {
         call.set_carrier_frequency(*value);
       }
     }
 
     // Parse repeat count (optional, defaults to 1)
-    if (request->hasParam(ESPHOME_F("repeat_count"))) {
-      auto value = parse_number<uint32_t>(request->getParam(ESPHOME_F("repeat_count"))->value().c_str());
+    {
+      auto value = parse_number<uint32_t>(request->arg(ESPHOME_F("repeat_count")).c_str());
       if (value.has_value()) {
         call.set_repeat_count(*value);
       }
@@ -1998,18 +2004,12 @@ void WebServer::handle_infrared_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const Ur
 
     // Parse base64url-encoded raw timings (required)
     // Base64url is URL-safe: uses A-Za-z0-9-_ (no special characters needing escaping)
-    if (!request->hasParam(ESPHOME_F("data"))) {
-      request->send(400, ESPHOME_F("text/plain"), ESPHOME_F("Missing 'data' parameter"));
-      return;
-    }
+    const auto &data_arg = request->arg(ESPHOME_F("data"));
 
-    // .c_str() is required for Arduino framework where value() returns Arduino String instead of std::string
-    std::string encoded =
-        request->getParam(ESPHOME_F("data"))->value().c_str();  // NOLINT(readability-redundant-string-cstr)
-
-    // Validate base64url is not empty
-    if (encoded.empty()) {
-      request->send(400, ESPHOME_F("text/plain"), ESPHOME_F("Empty 'data' parameter"));
+    // Validate base64url is not empty (also catches missing parameter since arg() returns empty string)
+    // Arduino String has isEmpty() not empty(), use length() for cross-platform compatibility
+    if (data_arg.length() == 0) {  // NOLINT(readability-container-size-empty)
+      request->send(400, ESPHOME_F("text/plain"), ESPHOME_F("Missing or empty 'data' parameter"));
       return;
     }
 
@@ -2017,7 +2017,7 @@ void WebServer::handle_infrared_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const Ur
     // it outlives the call - set_raw_timings_base64url stores a pointer, so the string
     // must remain valid until perform() completes.
     // ESP8266 also needs this because ESPAsyncWebServer callbacks run in "sys" context.
-    this->defer([call, encoded = std::move(encoded)]() mutable {
+    this->defer([call, encoded = std::string(data_arg.c_str(), data_arg.length())]() mutable {
       call.set_raw_timings_base64url(encoded);
       call.perform();
     });
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.h b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.h
index ce09ebf7a9..026da763ea 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.h
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.h
@@ -513,11 +513,9 @@ class WebServer : public Controller,
   template<typename T, typename Ret>
   void parse_light_param_(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, ParamNameType param_name, T &call, Ret (T::*setter)(float),
                           float scale = 1.0f) {
-    if (request->hasParam(param_name)) {
-      auto value = parse_number<float>(request->getParam(param_name)->value().c_str());
-      if (value.has_value()) {
-        (call.*setter)(*value / scale);
-      }
+    auto value = parse_number<float>(request->arg(param_name).c_str());
+    if (value.has_value()) {
+      (call.*setter)(*value / scale);
     }
   }
 
@@ -525,34 +523,19 @@ class WebServer : public Controller,
   template<typename T, typename Ret>
   void parse_light_param_uint_(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, ParamNameType param_name, T &call,
                                Ret (T::*setter)(uint32_t), uint32_t scale = 1) {
-    if (request->hasParam(param_name)) {
-      auto value = parse_number<uint32_t>(request->getParam(param_name)->value().c_str());
-      if (value.has_value()) {
-        (call.*setter)(*value * scale);
-      }
+    auto value = parse_number<uint32_t>(request->arg(param_name).c_str());
+    if (value.has_value()) {
+      (call.*setter)(*value * scale);
     }
   }
 #endif
 
-  // Generic helper to parse and apply a float parameter
-  template<typename T, typename Ret>
-  void parse_float_param_(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, ParamNameType param_name, T &call, Ret (T::*setter)(float)) {
-    if (request->hasParam(param_name)) {
-      auto value = parse_number<float>(request->getParam(param_name)->value().c_str());
-      if (value.has_value()) {
-        (call.*setter)(*value);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Generic helper to parse and apply an int parameter
-  template<typename T, typename Ret>
-  void parse_int_param_(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, ParamNameType param_name, T &call, Ret (T::*setter)(int)) {
-    if (request->hasParam(param_name)) {
-      auto value = parse_number<int>(request->getParam(param_name)->value().c_str());
-      if (value.has_value()) {
-        (call.*setter)(*value);
-      }
+  // Generic helper to parse and apply a numeric parameter
+  template<typename NumT, typename T, typename Ret>
+  void parse_num_param_(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, ParamNameType param_name, T &call, Ret (T::*setter)(NumT)) {
+    auto value = parse_number<NumT>(request->arg(param_name).c_str());
+    if (value.has_value()) {
+      (call.*setter)(*value);
     }
   }
 
@@ -560,10 +543,9 @@ class WebServer : public Controller,
   template<typename T, typename Ret>
   void parse_string_param_(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, ParamNameType param_name, T &call,
                            Ret (T::*setter)(const std::string &)) {
-    if (request->hasParam(param_name)) {
-      // .c_str() is required for Arduino framework where value() returns Arduino String instead of std::string
-      std::string value = request->getParam(param_name)->value().c_str();  // NOLINT(readability-redundant-string-cstr)
-      (call.*setter)(value);
+    if (request->hasArg(param_name)) {
+      const auto &value = request->arg(param_name);
+      (call.*setter)(std::string(value.c_str(), value.length()));
     }
   }
 
@@ -573,8 +555,9 @@ class WebServer : public Controller,
   // Invalid values are ignored (setter not called)
   template<typename T, typename Ret>
   void parse_bool_param_(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, ParamNameType param_name, T &call, Ret (T::*setter)(bool)) {
-    if (request->hasParam(param_name)) {
-      auto param_value = request->getParam(param_name)->value();
+    const auto &param_value = request->arg(param_name);
+    // Arduino String has isEmpty() not empty(), use length() for cross-platform compatibility
+    if (param_value.length() > 0) {  // NOLINT(readability-container-size-empty)
       // First check on/off (default), then true/false (custom)
       auto val = parse_on_off(param_value.c_str());
       if (val == PARSE_NONE) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/utils.cpp b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/utils.cpp
index 81ae626277..c58ca2a24f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/utils.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/utils.cpp
@@ -1,17 +1,13 @@
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
-#include <memory>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <cctype>
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
-#include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "http_parser.h"
 
 #include "utils.h"
 
 namespace esphome::web_server_idf {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "web_server_idf_utils";
-
 size_t url_decode(char *str) {
   char *start = str;
   char *ptr = str, buf;
@@ -54,32 +50,15 @@ optional<std::string> request_get_header(httpd_req_t *req, const char *name) {
   return {str};
 }
 
-optional<std::string> request_get_url_query(httpd_req_t *req) {
-  auto len = httpd_req_get_url_query_len(req);
-  if (len == 0) {
-    return {};
-  }
-
-  std::string str;
-  str.resize(len);
-
-  auto res = httpd_req_get_url_query_str(req, &str[0], len + 1);
-  if (res != ESP_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Can't get query for request: %s", esp_err_to_name(res));
-    return {};
-  }
-
-  return {str};
-}
-
 optional<std::string> query_key_value(const char *query_url, size_t query_len, const char *key) {
   if (query_url == nullptr || query_len == 0) {
     return {};
   }
 
-  // Use stack buffer for typical query strings, heap fallback for large ones
-  SmallBufferWithHeapFallback<256, char> val(query_len);
-
+  // Value can't exceed query_len. Use small stack buffer for typical values,
+  // heap fallback for long ones (e.g. base64 IR data) to limit stack usage
+  // since callers may also have stack buffers for the query string.
+  SmallBufferWithHeapFallback<128, char> val(query_len);
   if (httpd_query_key_value(query_url, key, val.get(), query_len) != ESP_OK) {
     return {};
   }
@@ -88,6 +67,18 @@ optional<std::string> query_key_value(const char *query_url, size_t query_len, c
   return {val.get()};
 }
 
+bool query_has_key(const char *query_url, size_t query_len, const char *key) {
+  if (query_url == nullptr || query_len == 0) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  // Minimal buffer — we only care if the key exists, not the value
+  char buf[1];
+  // httpd_query_key_value returns ESP_OK if found, ESP_ERR_HTTPD_RESULT_TRUNC if found
+  // but value truncated (expected with 1-byte buffer), or other errors for invalid input
+  auto err = httpd_query_key_value(query_url, key, buf, sizeof(buf));
+  return err == ESP_OK || err == ESP_ERR_HTTPD_RESULT_TRUNC;
+}
+
 // Helper function for case-insensitive string region comparison
 bool str_ncmp_ci(const char *s1, const char *s2, size_t n) {
   for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/utils.h b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/utils.h
index 87635c0458..027a2f7b6c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/utils.h
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/utils.h
@@ -13,11 +13,8 @@ size_t url_decode(char *str);
 
 bool request_has_header(httpd_req_t *req, const char *name);
 optional<std::string> request_get_header(httpd_req_t *req, const char *name);
-optional<std::string> request_get_url_query(httpd_req_t *req);
 optional<std::string> query_key_value(const char *query_url, size_t query_len, const char *key);
-inline optional<std::string> query_key_value(const std::string &query_url, const std::string &key) {
-  return query_key_value(query_url.c_str(), query_url.size(), key.c_str());
-}
+bool query_has_key(const char *query_url, size_t query_len, const char *key);
 
 // Helper function for case-insensitive character comparison
 inline bool char_equals_ci(char a, char b) { return ::tolower(a) == ::tolower(b); }
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp
index f1f89beb49..1798159e7f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp
@@ -393,13 +393,7 @@ AsyncWebParameter *AsyncWebServerRequest::getParam(const char *name) {
   }
 
   // Look up value from query strings
-  optional<std::string> val = query_key_value(this->post_query_.c_str(), this->post_query_.size(), name);
-  if (!val.has_value()) {
-    auto url_query = request_get_url_query(*this);
-    if (url_query.has_value()) {
-      val = query_key_value(url_query.value().c_str(), url_query.value().size(), name);
-    }
-  }
+  auto val = this->find_query_value_(name);
 
   // Don't cache misses to avoid wasting memory when handlers check for
   // optional parameters that don't exist in the request
@@ -412,6 +406,50 @@ AsyncWebParameter *AsyncWebServerRequest::getParam(const char *name) {
   return param;
 }
 
+/// Search post_query then URL query with a callback.
+/// Returns first truthy result, or value-initialized default.
+/// URL query is accessed directly from req->uri (same pattern as url_to()).
+template<typename Func>
+static auto search_query_sources(httpd_req_t *req, const std::string &post_query, const char *name, Func func)
+    -> decltype(func(nullptr, size_t{0}, name)) {
+  if (!post_query.empty()) {
+    auto result = func(post_query.c_str(), post_query.size(), name);
+    if (result) {
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+  // Use httpd API for query length, then access string directly from URI.
+  // http_parser identifies components by offset/length without modifying the URI string.
+  // This is the same pattern used by url_to().
+  auto len = httpd_req_get_url_query_len(req);
+  if (len == 0) {
+    return {};
+  }
+  const char *query = strchr(req->uri, '?');
+  if (query == nullptr) {
+    return {};
+  }
+  query++;  // skip '?'
+  return func(query, len, name);
+}
+
+optional<std::string> AsyncWebServerRequest::find_query_value_(const char *name) const {
+  return search_query_sources(this->req_, this->post_query_, name,
+                              [](const char *q, size_t len, const char *k) { return query_key_value(q, len, k); });
+}
+
+bool AsyncWebServerRequest::hasArg(const char *name) {
+  return search_query_sources(this->req_, this->post_query_, name, query_has_key);
+}
+
+std::string AsyncWebServerRequest::arg(const char *name) {
+  auto val = this->find_query_value_(name);
+  if (val.has_value()) {
+    return std::move(val.value());
+  }
+  return {};
+}
+
 void AsyncWebServerResponse::addHeader(const char *name, const char *value) {
   httpd_resp_set_hdr(*this->req_, name, value);
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.h b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.h
index 6a409de74e..12df0303de 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.h
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.h
@@ -170,14 +170,8 @@ class AsyncWebServerRequest {
   AsyncWebParameter *getParam(const std::string &name) { return this->getParam(name.c_str()); }
 
   // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-identifier-naming)
-  bool hasArg(const char *name) { return this->hasParam(name); }
-  std::string arg(const char *name) {
-    auto *param = this->getParam(name);
-    if (param) {
-      return param->value();
-    }
-    return {};
-  }
+  bool hasArg(const char *name);
+  std::string arg(const char *name);
   std::string arg(const std::string &name) { return this->arg(name.c_str()); }
 
   operator httpd_req_t *() const { return this->req_; }
@@ -192,6 +186,7 @@ class AsyncWebServerRequest {
   // is faster than tree/hash overhead. AsyncWebParameter stores both name and value to avoid
   // duplicate storage. Only successful lookups are cached to prevent cache pollution when
   // handlers check for optional parameters that don't exist.
+  optional<std::string> find_query_value_(const char *name) const;
   std::vector<AsyncWebParameter *> params_;
   std::string post_query_;
   AsyncWebServerRequest(httpd_req_t *req) : req_(req) {}

From 0dcff82bb479b131a4dbb33d00940c7a91120dc2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 12 Feb 2026 11:14:36 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 009/609] [wifi] Deprecate wifi_ssid() in favor of
 wifi_ssid_to() (#13958)

---
 esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
index ac28a1bc81..53ff0d9cad 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
@@ -502,6 +502,8 @@ class WiFiComponent : public Component {
   }
 
   network::IPAddresses wifi_sta_ip_addresses();
+  // Remove before 2026.9.0
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Use wifi_ssid_to() instead. Removed in 2026.9.0", "2026.3.0")
   std::string wifi_ssid();
   /// Write SSID to buffer without heap allocation.
   /// Returns pointer to buffer, or empty string if not connected.

From e3a457e40268949364f776fd5ec3ff5fd833a443 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Luk=C3=A1=C5=A1=20Ma=C5=88as?= <lukas.manas@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Feb 2026 18:20:54 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 010/609] [pulse_meter] Fix early edge detection (#12360)

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci-lite[bot] <117423508+pre-commit-ci-lite[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .../pulse_meter/pulse_meter_sensor.cpp        | 75 ++++++++++---------
 .../pulse_meter/pulse_meter_sensor.h          | 11 ++-
 2 files changed, 44 insertions(+), 42 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/pulse_meter/pulse_meter_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/pulse_meter/pulse_meter_sensor.cpp
index 007deb66e5..433e1f0b7e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pulse_meter/pulse_meter_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pulse_meter/pulse_meter_sensor.cpp
@@ -38,8 +38,7 @@ void PulseMeterSensor::setup() {
 }
 
 void PulseMeterSensor::loop() {
-  // Reset the count in get before we pass it back to the ISR as set
-  this->get_->count_ = 0;
+  State state;
 
   {
     // Lock the interrupt so the interrupt code doesn't interfere with itself
@@ -58,31 +57,35 @@ void PulseMeterSensor::loop() {
     }
     this->last_pin_val_ = current;
 
-    // Swap out set and get to get the latest state from the ISR
-    std::swap(this->set_, this->get_);
+    // Get the latest state from the ISR and reset the count in the ISR
+    state.last_detected_edge_us_ = this->state_.last_detected_edge_us_;
+    state.last_rising_edge_us_ = this->state_.last_rising_edge_us_;
+    state.count_ = this->state_.count_;
+    this->state_.count_ = 0;
   }
 
   const uint32_t now = micros();
 
   // If an edge was peeked, repay the debt
-  if (this->peeked_edge_ && this->get_->count_ > 0) {
+  if (this->peeked_edge_ && state.count_ > 0) {
     this->peeked_edge_ = false;
-    this->get_->count_--;  // NOLINT(clang-diagnostic-deprecated-volatile)
+    state.count_--;
   }
 
-  // If there is an unprocessed edge, and filter_us_ has passed since, count this edge early
-  if (this->get_->last_rising_edge_us_ != this->get_->last_detected_edge_us_ &&
-      now - this->get_->last_rising_edge_us_ >= this->filter_us_) {
+  // If there is an unprocessed edge, and filter_us_ has passed since, count this edge early.
+  // Wait for the debt to be repaid before counting another unprocessed edge early.
+  if (!this->peeked_edge_ && state.last_rising_edge_us_ != state.last_detected_edge_us_ &&
+      now - state.last_rising_edge_us_ >= this->filter_us_) {
     this->peeked_edge_ = true;
-    this->get_->last_detected_edge_us_ = this->get_->last_rising_edge_us_;
-    this->get_->count_++;  // NOLINT(clang-diagnostic-deprecated-volatile)
+    state.last_detected_edge_us_ = state.last_rising_edge_us_;
+    state.count_++;
   }
 
   // Check if we detected a pulse this loop
-  if (this->get_->count_ > 0) {
+  if (state.count_ > 0) {
     // Keep a running total of pulses if a total sensor is configured
     if (this->total_sensor_ != nullptr) {
-      this->total_pulses_ += this->get_->count_;
+      this->total_pulses_ += state.count_;
       const uint32_t total = this->total_pulses_;
       this->total_sensor_->publish_state(total);
     }
@@ -94,15 +97,15 @@ void PulseMeterSensor::loop() {
         this->meter_state_ = MeterState::RUNNING;
       } break;
       case MeterState::RUNNING: {
-        uint32_t delta_us = this->get_->last_detected_edge_us_ - this->last_processed_edge_us_;
-        float pulse_width_us = delta_us / float(this->get_->count_);
-        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "New pulse, delta: %" PRIu32 " µs, count: %" PRIu32 ", width: %.5f µs", delta_us,
-                 this->get_->count_, pulse_width_us);
+        uint32_t delta_us = state.last_detected_edge_us_ - this->last_processed_edge_us_;
+        float pulse_width_us = delta_us / float(state.count_);
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "New pulse, delta: %" PRIu32 " µs, count: %" PRIu32 ", width: %.5f µs", delta_us, state.count_,
+                 pulse_width_us);
         this->publish_state((60.0f * 1000000.0f) / pulse_width_us);
       } break;
     }
 
-    this->last_processed_edge_us_ = this->get_->last_detected_edge_us_;
+    this->last_processed_edge_us_ = state.last_detected_edge_us_;
   }
   // No detected edges this loop
   else {
@@ -141,14 +144,14 @@ void IRAM_ATTR PulseMeterSensor::edge_intr(PulseMeterSensor *sensor) {
   // This is an interrupt handler - we can't call any virtual method from this method
   // Get the current time before we do anything else so the measurements are consistent
   const uint32_t now = micros();
-  auto &state = sensor->edge_state_;
-  auto &set = *sensor->set_;
+  auto &edge_state = sensor->edge_state_;
+  auto &state = sensor->state_;
 
-  if ((now - state.last_sent_edge_us_) >= sensor->filter_us_) {
-    state.last_sent_edge_us_ = now;
-    set.last_detected_edge_us_ = now;
-    set.last_rising_edge_us_ = now;
-    set.count_++;  // NOLINT(clang-diagnostic-deprecated-volatile)
+  if ((now - edge_state.last_sent_edge_us_) >= sensor->filter_us_) {
+    edge_state.last_sent_edge_us_ = now;
+    state.last_detected_edge_us_ = now;
+    state.last_rising_edge_us_ = now;
+    state.count_++;  // NOLINT(clang-diagnostic-deprecated-volatile)
   }
 
   // This ISR is bound to rising edges, so the pin is high
@@ -160,26 +163,26 @@ void IRAM_ATTR PulseMeterSensor::pulse_intr(PulseMeterSensor *sensor) {
   // Get the current time before we do anything else so the measurements are consistent
   const uint32_t now = micros();
   const bool pin_val = sensor->isr_pin_.digital_read();
-  auto &state = sensor->pulse_state_;
-  auto &set = *sensor->set_;
+  auto &pulse_state = sensor->pulse_state_;
+  auto &state = sensor->state_;
 
   // Filter length has passed since the last interrupt
-  const bool length = now - state.last_intr_ >= sensor->filter_us_;
+  const bool length = now - pulse_state.last_intr_ >= sensor->filter_us_;
 
-  if (length && state.latched_ && !sensor->last_pin_val_) {  // Long enough low edge
-    state.latched_ = false;
-  } else if (length && !state.latched_ && sensor->last_pin_val_) {  // Long enough high edge
-    state.latched_ = true;
-    set.last_detected_edge_us_ = state.last_intr_;
-    set.count_++;  // NOLINT(clang-diagnostic-deprecated-volatile)
+  if (length && pulse_state.latched_ && !sensor->last_pin_val_) {  // Long enough low edge
+    pulse_state.latched_ = false;
+  } else if (length && !pulse_state.latched_ && sensor->last_pin_val_) {  // Long enough high edge
+    pulse_state.latched_ = true;
+    state.last_detected_edge_us_ = pulse_state.last_intr_;
+    state.count_++;  // NOLINT(clang-diagnostic-deprecated-volatile)
   }
 
   // Due to order of operations this includes
   //    length && latched && rising   (just reset from a long low edge)
   //    !latched && (rising || high)  (noise on the line resetting the potential rising edge)
-  set.last_rising_edge_us_ = !state.latched_ && pin_val ? now : set.last_detected_edge_us_;
+  state.last_rising_edge_us_ = !pulse_state.latched_ && pin_val ? now : state.last_detected_edge_us_;
 
-  state.last_intr_ = now;
+  pulse_state.last_intr_ = now;
   sensor->last_pin_val_ = pin_val;
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/pulse_meter/pulse_meter_sensor.h b/esphome/components/pulse_meter/pulse_meter_sensor.h
index 5800c4ec42..e46f1e615f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pulse_meter/pulse_meter_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/pulse_meter/pulse_meter_sensor.h
@@ -46,17 +46,16 @@ class PulseMeterSensor : public sensor::Sensor, public Component {
   uint32_t total_pulses_ = 0;
   uint32_t last_processed_edge_us_ = 0;
 
-  // This struct (and the two pointers) are used to pass data between the ISR and loop.
-  // These two pointers are exchanged each loop.
-  // Use these to send data from the ISR to the loop not the other way around (except for resetting the values).
+  // This struct and variable are used to pass data between the ISR and loop.
+  // The data from state_ is read and then count_ in state_ is reset in each loop.
+  // This must be done while guarded by an InterruptLock. Use this variable to send data
+  // from the ISR to the loop not the other way around (except for resetting count_).
   struct State {
     uint32_t last_detected_edge_us_ = 0;
     uint32_t last_rising_edge_us_ = 0;
     uint32_t count_ = 0;
   };
-  State state_[2];
-  volatile State *set_ = state_;
-  volatile State *get_ = state_ + 1;
+  volatile State state_{};
 
   // Only use the following variables in the ISR or while guarded by an InterruptLock
   ISRInternalGPIOPin isr_pin_;

From 7fd535179e4cc793047ebcf802b0fe174b3987cb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 12 Feb 2026 11:47:44 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 011/609] [helpers] Add heap warnings to format_hex_pretty,
 deprecate ethernet/web_server std::string APIs (#13959)

---
 .../components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h   |  2 ++
 .../components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.h |  3 ++-
 esphome/core/helpers.h                         | 18 ++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h
index 5a2869c5a7..b4859c308d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h
@@ -110,6 +110,8 @@ class EthernetComponent : public Component {
   const char *get_use_address() const;
   void set_use_address(const char *use_address);
   void get_eth_mac_address_raw(uint8_t *mac);
+  // Remove before 2026.9.0
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Use get_eth_mac_address_pretty_into_buffer() instead. Removed in 2026.9.0", "2026.3.0")
   std::string get_eth_mac_address_pretty();
   const char *get_eth_mac_address_pretty_into_buffer(std::span<char, MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE> buf);
   eth_duplex_t get_duplex_mode();
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.h b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.h
index 12df0303de..74601ffda8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.h
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.h
@@ -116,7 +116,8 @@ class AsyncWebServerRequest {
   /// Write URL (without query string) to buffer, returns StringRef pointing to buffer.
   /// URL is decoded (e.g., %20 -> space).
   StringRef url_to(std::span<char, URL_BUF_SIZE> buffer) const;
-  /// Get URL as std::string. Prefer url_to() to avoid heap allocation.
+  // Remove before 2026.9.0
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Use url_to() instead. Removed in 2026.9.0", "2026.3.0")
   std::string url() const {
     char buffer[URL_BUF_SIZE];
     return std::string(this->url_to(buffer));
diff --git a/esphome/core/helpers.h b/esphome/core/helpers.h
index f7de34b6d5..34c7452484 100644
--- a/esphome/core/helpers.h
+++ b/esphome/core/helpers.h
@@ -1083,6 +1083,9 @@ template<std::size_t N> std::string format_hex(const std::array<uint8_t, N> &dat
  * Each byte is displayed as a two-digit uppercase hex value, separated by the specified separator.
  * Optionally includes the total byte count in parentheses at the end.
  *
+ * @warning Allocates heap memory. Use format_hex_pretty_to() with a stack buffer instead.
+ * Causes heap fragmentation on long-running devices.
+ *
  * @param data Pointer to the byte array to format.
  * @param length Number of bytes in the array.
  * @param separator Character to use between hex bytes (default: '.').
@@ -1108,6 +1111,9 @@ std::string format_hex_pretty(const uint8_t *data, size_t length, char separator
  *
  * Similar to the byte array version, but formats 16-bit words as 4-digit hex values.
  *
+ * @warning Allocates heap memory. Use format_hex_pretty_to() with a stack buffer instead.
+ * Causes heap fragmentation on long-running devices.
+ *
  * @param data Pointer to the 16-bit word array to format.
  * @param length Number of 16-bit words in the array.
  * @param separator Character to use between hex words (default: '.').
@@ -1131,6 +1137,9 @@ std::string format_hex_pretty(const uint16_t *data, size_t length, char separato
  * Convenience overload for std::vector<uint8_t>. Formats each byte as a two-digit
  * uppercase hex value with customizable separator.
  *
+ * @warning Allocates heap memory. Use format_hex_pretty_to() with a stack buffer instead.
+ * Causes heap fragmentation on long-running devices.
+ *
  * @param data Vector of bytes to format.
  * @param separator Character to use between hex bytes (default: '.').
  * @param show_length Whether to append the byte count in parentheses (default: true).
@@ -1154,6 +1163,9 @@ std::string format_hex_pretty(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, char separator =
  * Convenience overload for std::vector<uint16_t>. Each 16-bit word is formatted
  * as a 4-digit uppercase hex value in big-endian order.
  *
+ * @warning Allocates heap memory. Use format_hex_pretty_to() with a stack buffer instead.
+ * Causes heap fragmentation on long-running devices.
+ *
  * @param data Vector of 16-bit words to format.
  * @param separator Character to use between hex words (default: '.').
  * @param show_length Whether to append the word count in parentheses (default: true).
@@ -1176,6 +1188,9 @@ std::string format_hex_pretty(const std::vector<uint16_t> &data, char separator
  * Treats each character in the string as a byte and formats it in hex.
  * Useful for debugging binary data stored in std::string containers.
  *
+ * @warning Allocates heap memory. Use format_hex_pretty_to() with a stack buffer instead.
+ * Causes heap fragmentation on long-running devices.
+ *
  * @param data String whose bytes should be formatted as hex.
  * @param separator Character to use between hex bytes (default: '.').
  * @param show_length Whether to append the byte count in parentheses (default: true).
@@ -1198,6 +1213,9 @@ std::string format_hex_pretty(const std::string &data, char separator = '.', boo
  * Converts the integer to big-endian byte order and formats each byte as hex.
  * The most significant byte appears first in the output string.
  *
+ * @warning Allocates heap memory. Use format_hex_pretty_to() with a stack buffer instead.
+ * Causes heap fragmentation on long-running devices.
+ *
  * @tparam T Unsigned integer type (uint8_t, uint16_t, uint32_t, uint64_t, etc.).
  * @param val The unsigned integer value to format.
  * @param separator Character to use between hex bytes (default: '.').

From bbc88d92ea0c30efd12d11a27edfe50ea618e299 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Feb 2026 14:31:43 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 012/609] Bump docker/build-push-action from 6.19.1 to 6.19.2
 in /.github/actions/build-image (#13965)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .github/actions/build-image/action.yaml | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/actions/build-image/action.yaml b/.github/actions/build-image/action.yaml
index 494304eced..38e93c4f17 100644
--- a/.github/actions/build-image/action.yaml
+++ b/.github/actions/build-image/action.yaml
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ runs:
 
     - name: Build and push to ghcr by digest
       id: build-ghcr
-      uses: docker/build-push-action@601a80b39c9405e50806ae38af30926f9d957c47 # v6.19.1
+      uses: docker/build-push-action@10e90e3645eae34f1e60eeb005ba3a3d33f178e8 # v6.19.2
       env:
         DOCKER_BUILD_SUMMARY: false
         DOCKER_BUILD_RECORD_UPLOAD: false
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ runs:
 
     - name: Build and push to dockerhub by digest
       id: build-dockerhub
-      uses: docker/build-push-action@601a80b39c9405e50806ae38af30926f9d957c47 # v6.19.1
+      uses: docker/build-push-action@10e90e3645eae34f1e60eeb005ba3a3d33f178e8 # v6.19.2
       env:
         DOCKER_BUILD_SUMMARY: false
         DOCKER_BUILD_RECORD_UPLOAD: false

From db7870ef5fb3f7fce20f897f7c6279f82695e8c9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Feb 2026 16:04:39 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 013/609] [alarm_control_panel] Fix flaky integration test race
 condition (#13964)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 ...t_alarm_control_panel_state_transitions.py | 25 +++++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/integration/test_alarm_control_panel_state_transitions.py b/tests/integration/test_alarm_control_panel_state_transitions.py
index 09348f5bea..0b07710961 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_alarm_control_panel_state_transitions.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_alarm_control_panel_state_transitions.py
@@ -270,6 +270,14 @@ async def test_alarm_control_panel_state_transitions(
         # The chime_sensor has chime: true, so opening it while disarmed
         # should trigger on_chime callback
 
+        # Set up future for the on_ready from opening the chime sensor
+        # (alarm becomes "not ready" when chime sensor opens).
+        # We must wait for this BEFORE creating the close future, otherwise
+        # the open event's log can arrive late and resolve the close future,
+        # causing the test to proceed before the chime close is processed.
+        ready_after_chime_open: asyncio.Future[bool] = loop.create_future()
+        ready_futures.append(ready_after_chime_open)
+
         # We're currently DISARMED - open the chime sensor
         client.switch_command(chime_switch_info.key, True)
 
@@ -279,11 +287,18 @@ async def test_alarm_control_panel_state_transitions(
         except TimeoutError:
             pytest.fail(f"on_chime callback not fired. Log lines: {log_lines[-20:]}")
 
-        # Close the chime sensor and wait for alarm to become ready again
-        # We need to wait for this transition before testing door sensor,
-        # otherwise there's a race where the door sensor state change could
-        # arrive before the chime sensor state change, leaving the alarm in
-        # a continuous "not ready" state with no on_ready callback fired.
+        # Wait for the on_ready from the chime sensor opening
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(ready_after_chime_open, timeout=2.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(
+                f"on_ready callback not fired when chime sensor opened. "
+                f"Log lines: {log_lines[-20:]}"
+            )
+
+        # Now create the future for the close event and close the sensor.
+        # Since we waited for the open event above, the close event's
+        # on_ready log cannot be confused with the open event's.
         ready_after_chime_close: asyncio.Future[bool] = loop.create_future()
         ready_futures.append(ready_after_chime_close)
 

From 136d17366f5ab2a08912ce2f6a5459eea358ec24 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Feb 2026 16:12:17 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 014/609] [docker] Suppress git detached HEAD advice (#13962)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 docker/Dockerfile | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/docker/Dockerfile b/docker/Dockerfile
index 8ebdd1e49b..540d28be7f 100644
--- a/docker/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/Dockerfile
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ FROM ghcr.io/esphome/docker-base:${BUILD_OS}-ha-addon-${BUILD_BASE_VERSION} AS b
 ARG BUILD_TYPE
 FROM base-source-${BUILD_TYPE} AS base
 
-RUN git config --system --add safe.directory "*"
+RUN git config --system --add safe.directory "*" \
+    && git config --system advice.detachedHead false
 
 # Install build tools for Python packages that require compilation
 # (e.g., ruamel.yaml.clibz used by ESP-IDF's idf-component-manager)

From 36aba385af3f502462f1a38fb6c334e580ad7155 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 12 Feb 2026 18:20:21 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 015/609] [web_server] Flatten deq_push_back_with_dedup_ to
 inline vector realloc (#13968)

---
 esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
index c7a0639382..3acd2d2119 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
@@ -198,7 +198,8 @@ EntityMatchResult UrlMatch::match_entity(EntityBase *entity) const {
 
 #if !defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_ARDUINO)
 // helper for allowing only unique entries in the queue
-void DeferredUpdateEventSource::deq_push_back_with_dedup_(void *source, message_generator_t *message_generator) {
+void __attribute__((flatten))
+DeferredUpdateEventSource::deq_push_back_with_dedup_(void *source, message_generator_t *message_generator) {
   DeferredEvent item(source, message_generator);
 
   // Use range-based for loop instead of std::find_if to reduce template instantiation overhead and binary size

From 7dff631dcb133e69a26d841a1f0645cac812202a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 12 Feb 2026 18:20:39 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 016/609] [core] Flatten single-callsite vector realloc
 functions (#13970)

---
 esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp  |  6 ++++--
 esphome/components/api/api_connection.h    |  2 ++
 esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp      |  2 +-
 esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp | 13 +++++++++++++
 esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h   | 13 +------------
 5 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
index 4bc3c9b307..4d564af9e2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
@@ -1864,6 +1864,8 @@ void APIConnection::on_fatal_error() {
   this->flags_.remove = true;
 }
 
+void __attribute__((flatten)) APIConnection::DeferredBatch::push_item(const BatchItem &item) { items.push_back(item); }
+
 void APIConnection::DeferredBatch::add_item(EntityBase *entity, uint8_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size,
                                             uint8_t aux_data_index) {
   // Check if we already have a message of this type for this entity
@@ -1880,7 +1882,7 @@ void APIConnection::DeferredBatch::add_item(EntityBase *entity, uint8_t message_
     }
   }
   // No existing item found (or event), add new one
-  items.push_back({entity, message_type, estimated_size, aux_data_index});
+  this->push_item({entity, message_type, estimated_size, aux_data_index});
 }
 
 void APIConnection::DeferredBatch::add_item_front(EntityBase *entity, uint8_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size) {
@@ -1888,7 +1890,7 @@ void APIConnection::DeferredBatch::add_item_front(EntityBase *entity, uint8_t me
   // This avoids expensive vector::insert which shifts all elements
   // Note: We only ever have one high-priority message at a time (ping OR disconnect)
   // If we're disconnecting, pings are blocked, so this simple swap is sufficient
-  items.push_back({entity, message_type, estimated_size, AUX_DATA_UNUSED});
+  this->push_item({entity, message_type, estimated_size, AUX_DATA_UNUSED});
   if (items.size() > 1) {
     // Swap the new high-priority item to the front
     std::swap(items.front(), items.back());
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
index d3d09a01c8..e34bed8ada 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
@@ -541,6 +541,8 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
                   uint8_t aux_data_index = AUX_DATA_UNUSED);
     // Add item to the front of the batch (for high priority messages like ping)
     void add_item_front(EntityBase *entity, uint8_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size);
+    // Single push_back site to avoid duplicate _M_realloc_insert instantiation
+    void push_item(const BatchItem &item);
 
     // Clear all items
     void clear() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp
index 5503cf4db8..211bda66de 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ void APIServer::remove_client_(size_t client_index) {
 #endif
 }
 
-void APIServer::accept_new_connections_() {
+void __attribute__((flatten)) APIServer::accept_new_connections_() {
   while (true) {
     struct sockaddr_storage source_addr;
     socklen_t addr_len = sizeof(source_addr);
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
index 61d05d7635..a2efac8d26 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
@@ -487,6 +487,19 @@ bool WiFiComponent::matches_configured_network_(const char *ssid, const uint8_t
   return false;
 }
 
+void __attribute__((flatten)) WiFiComponent::set_sta_priority(bssid_t bssid, int8_t priority) {
+  for (auto &it : this->sta_priorities_) {
+    if (it.bssid == bssid) {
+      it.priority = priority;
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  this->sta_priorities_.push_back(WiFiSTAPriority{
+      .bssid = bssid,
+      .priority = priority,
+  });
+}
+
 void WiFiComponent::log_discarded_scan_result_(const char *ssid, const uint8_t *bssid, int8_t rssi, uint8_t channel) {
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
   // Skip logging during roaming scans to avoid log buffer overflow
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
index 53ff0d9cad..4a038f602c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
@@ -488,18 +488,7 @@ class WiFiComponent : public Component {
     }
     return 0;
   }
-  void set_sta_priority(const bssid_t bssid, int8_t priority) {
-    for (auto &it : this->sta_priorities_) {
-      if (it.bssid == bssid) {
-        it.priority = priority;
-        return;
-      }
-    }
-    this->sta_priorities_.push_back(WiFiSTAPriority{
-        .bssid = bssid,
-        .priority = priority,
-    });
-  }
+  void set_sta_priority(bssid_t bssid, int8_t priority);
 
   network::IPAddresses wifi_sta_ip_addresses();
   // Remove before 2026.9.0

From e0c03b2dfa39021bcff1805376ce53dde1e8bbdf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 12 Feb 2026 18:20:58 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 017/609] [api] Fix ESP8266 noise API handshake deadlock and
 prompt socket cleanup (#13972)

---
 esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp | 10 ++++++----
 esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp             |  8 ++++++--
 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp
index c1641b398a..1ae848dead 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp
@@ -138,10 +138,12 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::handle_noise_error_(int err, const LogString *func
 
 /// Run through handshake messages (if in that phase)
 APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::loop() {
-  // During handshake phase, process as many actions as possible until we can't progress
-  // socket_->ready() stays true until next main loop, but state_action() will return
-  // WOULD_BLOCK when no more data is available to read
-  while (state_ != State::DATA && this->socket_->ready()) {
+  // Cache ready() outside the loop. On ESP8266 LWIP raw TCP, ready() returns false once
+  // the rx buffer is consumed. Re-checking each iteration would block handshake writes
+  // that must follow reads, deadlocking the handshake. state_action() will return
+  // WOULD_BLOCK when no more data is available to read.
+  bool socket_ready = this->socket_->ready();
+  while (state_ != State::DATA && socket_ready) {
     APIError err = state_action_();
     if (err == APIError::WOULD_BLOCK) {
       break;
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp
index 211bda66de..f25a9bc0e2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp
@@ -148,12 +148,16 @@ void APIServer::loop() {
   while (client_index < this->clients_.size()) {
     auto &client = this->clients_[client_index];
 
+    // Common case: process active client
+    if (!client->flags_.remove) {
+      client->loop();
+    }
+    // Handle disconnection promptly - close socket to free LWIP PCB
+    // resources and prevent retransmit crashes on ESP8266.
     if (client->flags_.remove) {
       // Rare case: handle disconnection (don't increment - swapped element needs processing)
       this->remove_client_(client_index);
     } else {
-      // Common case: process active client
-      client->loop();
       client_index++;
     }
   }

From b04e427f01974947856793b0a53425cccfe180bc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 13 Feb 2026 06:39:00 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 018/609] [usb_host] Extract cold path from loop(), replace
 std::string with buffer API (#13957)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host.h        |   1 +
 .../components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp   | 123 ++++++++++--------
 2 files changed, 67 insertions(+), 57 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host.h b/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host.h
index d11a148a0f..d1ec356613 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host.h
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host.h
@@ -148,6 +148,7 @@ class USBClient : public Component {
   EventPool<UsbEvent, USB_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE> event_pool;
 
  protected:
+  void handle_open_state_();
   TransferRequest *get_trq_();  // Lock-free allocation using atomic bitmask (multi-consumer safe)
   virtual void disconnect();
   virtual void on_connected() {}
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp
index 09da6e3b73..0612d7a841 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include <cinttypes>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <atomic>
+#include <span>
 namespace esphome {
 namespace usb_host {
 
@@ -142,18 +143,23 @@ static void usb_client_print_config_descriptor(const usb_config_desc_t *cfg_desc
   } while (next_desc != NULL);
 }
 #endif
-static std::string get_descriptor_string(const usb_str_desc_t *desc) {
-  char buffer[256];
-  if (desc == nullptr)
+// USB string descriptors: bLength (uint8_t, max 255) includes the 2-byte header (bLength and bDescriptorType).
+// Character count = (bLength - 2) / 2, max 126 chars + null terminator.
+static constexpr size_t DESC_STRING_BUF_SIZE = 128;
+
+static const char *get_descriptor_string(const usb_str_desc_t *desc, std::span<char, DESC_STRING_BUF_SIZE> buffer) {
+  if (desc == nullptr || desc->bLength < 2)
     return "(unspecified)";
-  char *p = buffer;
-  for (int i = 0; i != desc->bLength / 2; i++) {
+  int char_count = (desc->bLength - 2) / 2;
+  char *p = buffer.data();
+  char *end = p + buffer.size() - 1;
+  for (int i = 0; i != char_count && p < end; i++) {
     auto c = desc->wData[i];
     if (c < 0x100)
       *p++ = static_cast<char>(c);
   }
   *p = '\0';
-  return {buffer};
+  return buffer.data();
 }
 
 // CALLBACK CONTEXT: USB task (called from usb_host_client_handle_events in USB task)
@@ -259,60 +265,63 @@ void USBClient::loop() {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Dropped %u USB events due to queue overflow", dropped);
   }
 
-  switch (this->state_) {
-    case USB_CLIENT_OPEN: {
-      int err;
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Open device %d", this->device_addr_);
-      err = usb_host_device_open(this->handle_, this->device_addr_, &this->device_handle_);
-      if (err != ESP_OK) {
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Device open failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
-        this->state_ = USB_CLIENT_INIT;
-        break;
-      }
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Get descriptor device %d", this->device_addr_);
-      const usb_device_desc_t *desc;
-      err = usb_host_get_device_descriptor(this->device_handle_, &desc);
-      if (err != ESP_OK) {
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Device get_desc failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
-        this->disconnect();
-      } else {
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Device descriptor: vid %X pid %X", desc->idVendor, desc->idProduct);
-        if (desc->idVendor == this->vid_ && desc->idProduct == this->pid_ || this->vid_ == 0 && this->pid_ == 0) {
-          usb_device_info_t dev_info;
-          err = usb_host_device_info(this->device_handle_, &dev_info);
-          if (err != ESP_OK) {
-            ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Device info failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
-            this->disconnect();
-            break;
-          }
-          this->state_ = USB_CLIENT_CONNECTED;
-          ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Device connected: Manuf: %s; Prod: %s; Serial: %s",
-                   get_descriptor_string(dev_info.str_desc_manufacturer).c_str(),
-                   get_descriptor_string(dev_info.str_desc_product).c_str(),
-                   get_descriptor_string(dev_info.str_desc_serial_num).c_str());
+  if (this->state_ == USB_CLIENT_OPEN) {
+    this->handle_open_state_();
+  }
+}
+
+void USBClient::handle_open_state_() {
+  int err;
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Open device %d", this->device_addr_);
+  err = usb_host_device_open(this->handle_, this->device_addr_, &this->device_handle_);
+  if (err != ESP_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Device open failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
+    this->state_ = USB_CLIENT_INIT;
+    return;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Get descriptor device %d", this->device_addr_);
+  const usb_device_desc_t *desc;
+  err = usb_host_get_device_descriptor(this->device_handle_, &desc);
+  if (err != ESP_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Device get_desc failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
+    this->disconnect();
+    return;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Device descriptor: vid %X pid %X", desc->idVendor, desc->idProduct);
+  if (desc->idVendor != this->vid_ || desc->idProduct != this->pid_) {
+    if (this->vid_ != 0 || this->pid_ != 0) {
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Not our device, closing");
+      this->disconnect();
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  usb_device_info_t dev_info;
+  err = usb_host_device_info(this->device_handle_, &dev_info);
+  if (err != ESP_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Device info failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
+    this->disconnect();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->state_ = USB_CLIENT_CONNECTED;
+  char buf_manuf[DESC_STRING_BUF_SIZE];
+  char buf_product[DESC_STRING_BUF_SIZE];
+  char buf_serial[DESC_STRING_BUF_SIZE];
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Device connected: Manuf: %s; Prod: %s; Serial: %s",
+           get_descriptor_string(dev_info.str_desc_manufacturer, buf_manuf),
+           get_descriptor_string(dev_info.str_desc_product, buf_product),
+           get_descriptor_string(dev_info.str_desc_serial_num, buf_serial));
 
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
-          const usb_device_desc_t *device_desc;
-          err = usb_host_get_device_descriptor(this->device_handle_, &device_desc);
-          if (err == ESP_OK)
-            usb_client_print_device_descriptor(device_desc);
-          const usb_config_desc_t *config_desc;
-          err = usb_host_get_active_config_descriptor(this->device_handle_, &config_desc);
-          if (err == ESP_OK)
-            usb_client_print_config_descriptor(config_desc, nullptr);
+  const usb_device_desc_t *device_desc;
+  err = usb_host_get_device_descriptor(this->device_handle_, &device_desc);
+  if (err == ESP_OK)
+    usb_client_print_device_descriptor(device_desc);
+  const usb_config_desc_t *config_desc;
+  err = usb_host_get_active_config_descriptor(this->device_handle_, &config_desc);
+  if (err == ESP_OK)
+    usb_client_print_config_descriptor(config_desc, nullptr);
 #endif
-          this->on_connected();
-        } else {
-          ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Not our device, closing");
-          this->disconnect();
-        }
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-
-    default:
-      break;
-  }
+  this->on_connected();
 }
 
 void USBClient::on_opened(uint8_t addr) {

From 903971de12c1b291ca8cd367ce5cdf9af8b304ae Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kevin Ahrendt <kevin.ahrendt@openhomefoundation.org>
Date: Fri, 13 Feb 2026 10:25:43 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 019/609] [runtime_image, online_image] Create runtime_image
 component to decode images (#10212)

---
 CODEOWNERS                                    |   1 +
 esphome/components/online_image/__init__.py   | 119 +-----
 ...{image_decoder.cpp => download_buffer.cpp} |  38 +-
 .../components/online_image/download_buffer.h |  44 ++
 .../components/online_image/online_image.cpp  | 396 ++++++------------
 .../components/online_image/online_image.h    | 135 +-----
 esphome/components/runtime_image/__init__.py  | 191 +++++++++
 .../bmp_decoder.cpp}                          |  28 +-
 .../bmp_decoder.h}                            |  22 +-
 .../runtime_image/image_decoder.cpp           |  28 ++
 .../image_decoder.h                           |  72 ++--
 .../jpeg_decoder.cpp}                         |  49 ++-
 .../jpeg_decoder.h}                           |  17 +-
 .../png_decoder.cpp}                          |  25 +-
 .../png_decoder.h}                            |  19 +-
 .../runtime_image/runtime_image.cpp           | 300 +++++++++++++
 .../components/runtime_image/runtime_image.h  | 214 ++++++++++
 esphome/core/defines.h                        |   6 +-
 18 files changed, 1075 insertions(+), 629 deletions(-)
 rename esphome/components/online_image/{image_decoder.cpp => download_buffer.cpp} (52%)
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/online_image/download_buffer.h
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/runtime_image/__init__.py
 rename esphome/components/{online_image/bmp_image.cpp => runtime_image/bmp_decoder.cpp} (82%)
 rename esphome/components/{online_image/bmp_image.h => runtime_image/bmp_decoder.h} (52%)
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/runtime_image/image_decoder.cpp
 rename esphome/components/{online_image => runtime_image}/image_decoder.h (60%)
 rename esphome/components/{online_image/jpeg_image.cpp => runtime_image/jpeg_decoder.cpp} (69%)
 rename esphome/components/{online_image/jpeg_image.h => runtime_image/jpeg_decoder.h} (54%)
 rename esphome/components/{online_image/png_image.cpp => runtime_image/png_decoder.cpp} (82%)
 rename esphome/components/{online_image/png_image.h => runtime_image/png_decoder.h} (65%)
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.cpp
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.h

diff --git a/CODEOWNERS b/CODEOWNERS
index 25e6dc1b29..2aa0656343 100644
--- a/CODEOWNERS
+++ b/CODEOWNERS
@@ -411,6 +411,7 @@ esphome/components/rp2040_pwm/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/rpi_dpi_rgb/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/rtl87xx/* @kuba2k2
 esphome/components/rtttl/* @glmnet
+esphome/components/runtime_image/* @clydebarrow @guillempages @kahrendt
 esphome/components/runtime_stats/* @bdraco
 esphome/components/rx8130/* @beormund
 esphome/components/safe_mode/* @jsuanet @kbx81 @paulmonigatti
diff --git a/esphome/components/online_image/__init__.py b/esphome/components/online_image/__init__.py
index 7a6d25bc7d..057244e03d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/online_image/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/online_image/__init__.py
@@ -2,97 +2,34 @@ import logging
 
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components.const import CONF_BYTE_ORDER, CONF_REQUEST_HEADERS
+from esphome.components import runtime_image
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_REQUEST_HEADERS
 from esphome.components.http_request import CONF_HTTP_REQUEST_ID, HttpRequestComponent
-from esphome.components.image import (
-    CONF_INVERT_ALPHA,
-    CONF_TRANSPARENCY,
-    IMAGE_SCHEMA,
-    Image_,
-    get_image_type_enum,
-    get_transparency_enum,
-    validate_settings,
-)
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BUFFER_SIZE,
-    CONF_DITHER,
-    CONF_FILE,
-    CONF_FORMAT,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_ON_ERROR,
-    CONF_RESIZE,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
-    CONF_TYPE,
     CONF_URL,
 )
 from esphome.core import Lambda
 
-AUTO_LOAD = ["image"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["image", "runtime_image"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["display", "http_request"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@guillempages", "@clydebarrow"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
 
 CONF_ON_DOWNLOAD_FINISHED = "on_download_finished"
-CONF_PLACEHOLDER = "placeholder"
 CONF_UPDATE = "update"
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 online_image_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("online_image")
 
-ImageFormat = online_image_ns.enum("ImageFormat")
-
-
-class Format:
-    def __init__(self, image_type):
-        self.image_type = image_type
-
-    @property
-    def enum(self):
-        return getattr(ImageFormat, self.image_type)
-
-    def actions(self):
-        pass
-
-
-class BMPFormat(Format):
-    def __init__(self):
-        super().__init__("BMP")
-
-    def actions(self):
-        cg.add_define("USE_ONLINE_IMAGE_BMP_SUPPORT")
-
-
-class JPEGFormat(Format):
-    def __init__(self):
-        super().__init__("JPEG")
-
-    def actions(self):
-        cg.add_define("USE_ONLINE_IMAGE_JPEG_SUPPORT")
-        cg.add_library("JPEGDEC", None, "https://github.com/bitbank2/JPEGDEC#ca1e0f2")
-
-
-class PNGFormat(Format):
-    def __init__(self):
-        super().__init__("PNG")
-
-    def actions(self):
-        cg.add_define("USE_ONLINE_IMAGE_PNG_SUPPORT")
-        cg.add_library("pngle", "1.1.0")
-
-
-IMAGE_FORMATS = {
-    x.image_type: x
-    for x in (
-        BMPFormat(),
-        JPEGFormat(),
-        PNGFormat(),
-    )
-}
-IMAGE_FORMATS.update({"JPG": IMAGE_FORMATS["JPEG"]})
-
-OnlineImage = online_image_ns.class_("OnlineImage", cg.PollingComponent, Image_)
+OnlineImage = online_image_ns.class_(
+    "OnlineImage", cg.PollingComponent, runtime_image.RuntimeImage
+)
 
 # Actions
 SetUrlAction = online_image_ns.class_(
@@ -111,29 +48,17 @@ DownloadErrorTrigger = online_image_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
-def remove_options(*options):
-    return {
-        cv.Optional(option): cv.invalid(
-            f"{option} is an invalid option for online_image"
-        )
-        for option in options
-    }
-
-
 ONLINE_IMAGE_SCHEMA = (
-    IMAGE_SCHEMA.extend(remove_options(CONF_FILE, CONF_INVERT_ALPHA, CONF_DITHER))
+    runtime_image.runtime_image_schema(OnlineImage)
     .extend(
         {
-            cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(OnlineImage),
-            cv.GenerateID(CONF_HTTP_REQUEST_ID): cv.use_id(HttpRequestComponent),
             # Online Image specific options
+            cv.GenerateID(CONF_HTTP_REQUEST_ID): cv.use_id(HttpRequestComponent),
             cv.Required(CONF_URL): cv.url,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_BUFFER_SIZE, default=65536): cv.int_range(256, 65536),
             cv.Optional(CONF_REQUEST_HEADERS): cv.All(
                 cv.Schema({cv.string: cv.templatable(cv.string)})
             ),
-            cv.Required(CONF_FORMAT): cv.one_of(*IMAGE_FORMATS, upper=True),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_PLACEHOLDER): cv.use_id(Image_),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_BUFFER_SIZE, default=65536): cv.int_range(256, 65536),
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_DOWNLOAD_FINISHED): automation.validate_automation(
                 {
                     cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(
@@ -162,7 +87,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
             rp2040_arduino=cv.Version(0, 0, 0),
             host=cv.Version(0, 0, 0),
         ),
-        validate_settings,
+        runtime_image.validate_runtime_image_settings,
     )
 )
 
@@ -199,23 +124,21 @@ async def online_image_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    image_format = IMAGE_FORMATS[config[CONF_FORMAT]]
-    image_format.actions()
+    # Use the enhanced helper function to get all runtime image parameters
+    settings = await runtime_image.process_runtime_image_config(config)
 
     url = config[CONF_URL]
-    width, height = config.get(CONF_RESIZE, (0, 0))
-    transparent = get_transparency_enum(config[CONF_TRANSPARENCY])
-
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(
         config[CONF_ID],
         url,
-        width,
-        height,
-        image_format.enum,
-        get_image_type_enum(config[CONF_TYPE]),
-        transparent,
+        settings.width,
+        settings.height,
+        settings.format_enum,
+        settings.image_type_enum,
+        settings.transparent,
+        settings.placeholder or cg.nullptr,
         config[CONF_BUFFER_SIZE],
-        config.get(CONF_BYTE_ORDER) != "LITTLE_ENDIAN",
+        settings.byte_order_big_endian,
     )
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_HTTP_REQUEST_ID])
@@ -227,10 +150,6 @@ async def to_code(config):
         else:
             cg.add(var.add_request_header(key, value))
 
-    if placeholder_id := config.get(CONF_PLACEHOLDER):
-        placeholder = await cg.get_variable(placeholder_id)
-        cg.add(var.set_placeholder(placeholder))
-
     for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_DOWNLOAD_FINISHED, []):
         trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
         await automation.build_automation(trigger, [(bool, "cached")], conf)
diff --git a/esphome/components/online_image/image_decoder.cpp b/esphome/components/online_image/download_buffer.cpp
similarity index 52%
rename from esphome/components/online_image/image_decoder.cpp
rename to esphome/components/online_image/download_buffer.cpp
index 0ab7dadde3..999005df82 100644
--- a/esphome/components/online_image/image_decoder.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/online_image/download_buffer.cpp
@@ -1,29 +1,10 @@
-#include "image_decoder.h"
-#include "online_image.h"
-
+#include "download_buffer.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include <cstring>
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace online_image {
+namespace esphome::online_image {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "online_image.decoder";
-
-bool ImageDecoder::set_size(int width, int height) {
-  bool success = this->image_->resize_(width, height) > 0;
-  this->x_scale_ = static_cast<double>(this->image_->buffer_width_) / width;
-  this->y_scale_ = static_cast<double>(this->image_->buffer_height_) / height;
-  return success;
-}
-
-void ImageDecoder::draw(int x, int y, int w, int h, const Color &color) {
-  auto width = std::min(this->image_->buffer_width_, static_cast<int>(std::ceil((x + w) * this->x_scale_)));
-  auto height = std::min(this->image_->buffer_height_, static_cast<int>(std::ceil((y + h) * this->y_scale_)));
-  for (int i = x * this->x_scale_; i < width; i++) {
-    for (int j = y * this->y_scale_; j < height; j++) {
-      this->image_->draw_pixel_(i, j, color);
-    }
-  }
-}
+static const char *const TAG = "online_image.download_buffer";
 
 DownloadBuffer::DownloadBuffer(size_t size) : size_(size) {
   this->buffer_ = this->allocator_.allocate(size);
@@ -43,10 +24,12 @@ uint8_t *DownloadBuffer::data(size_t offset) {
 }
 
 size_t DownloadBuffer::read(size_t len) {
-  this->unread_ -= len;
-  if (this->unread_ > 0) {
-    memmove(this->data(), this->data(len), this->unread_);
+  if (len >= this->unread_) {
+    this->unread_ = 0;
+    return 0;
   }
+  this->unread_ -= len;
+  memmove(this->data(), this->data(len), this->unread_);
   return this->unread_;
 }
 
@@ -69,5 +52,4 @@ size_t DownloadBuffer::resize(size_t size) {
   }
 }
 
-}  // namespace online_image
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::online_image
diff --git a/esphome/components/online_image/download_buffer.h b/esphome/components/online_image/download_buffer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..110a4b608a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/online_image/download_buffer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace esphome::online_image {
+
+/**
+ * @brief Buffer for managing downloaded data.
+ *
+ * This class provides a buffer for downloading data with tracking of
+ * unread bytes and dynamic resizing capabilities.
+ */
+class DownloadBuffer {
+ public:
+  DownloadBuffer(size_t size);
+  ~DownloadBuffer() { this->allocator_.deallocate(this->buffer_, this->size_); }
+
+  uint8_t *data(size_t offset = 0);
+  uint8_t *append() { return this->data(this->unread_); }
+
+  size_t unread() const { return this->unread_; }
+  size_t size() const { return this->size_; }
+  size_t free_capacity() const { return this->size_ - this->unread_; }
+
+  size_t read(size_t len);
+  size_t write(size_t len) {
+    this->unread_ += len;
+    return this->unread_;
+  }
+
+  void reset() { this->unread_ = 0; }
+  size_t resize(size_t size);
+
+ protected:
+  RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator_{};
+  uint8_t *buffer_;
+  size_t size_;
+  /** Total number of downloaded bytes not yet read. */
+  size_t unread_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::online_image
diff --git a/esphome/components/online_image/online_image.cpp b/esphome/components/online_image/online_image.cpp
index 4e2ecc2c77..6f5b82116d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/online_image/online_image.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/online_image/online_image.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include "online_image.h"
-
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include <algorithm>
 
 static const char *const TAG = "online_image";
 static const char *const ETAG_HEADER_NAME = "etag";
@@ -8,142 +8,82 @@ static const char *const IF_NONE_MATCH_HEADER_NAME = "if-none-match";
 static const char *const LAST_MODIFIED_HEADER_NAME = "last-modified";
 static const char *const IF_MODIFIED_SINCE_HEADER_NAME = "if-modified-since";
 
-#include "image_decoder.h"
+namespace esphome::online_image {
 
-#ifdef USE_ONLINE_IMAGE_BMP_SUPPORT
-#include "bmp_image.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_ONLINE_IMAGE_JPEG_SUPPORT
-#include "jpeg_image.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_ONLINE_IMAGE_PNG_SUPPORT
-#include "png_image.h"
-#endif
-
-namespace esphome {
-namespace online_image {
-
-using image::ImageType;
-
-inline bool is_color_on(const Color &color) {
-  // This produces the most accurate monochrome conversion, but is slightly slower.
-  //  return (0.2125 * color.r + 0.7154 * color.g + 0.0721 * color.b) > 127;
-
-  // Approximation using fast integer computations; produces acceptable results
-  // Equivalent to 0.25 * R + 0.5 * G + 0.25 * B
-  return ((color.r >> 2) + (color.g >> 1) + (color.b >> 2)) & 0x80;
-}
-
-OnlineImage::OnlineImage(const std::string &url, int width, int height, ImageFormat format, ImageType type,
-                         image::Transparency transparency, uint32_t download_buffer_size, bool is_big_endian)
-    : Image(nullptr, 0, 0, type, transparency),
-      buffer_(nullptr),
-      download_buffer_(download_buffer_size),
-      download_buffer_initial_size_(download_buffer_size),
-      format_(format),
-      fixed_width_(width),
-      fixed_height_(height),
-      is_big_endian_(is_big_endian) {
+OnlineImage::OnlineImage(const std::string &url, int width, int height, runtime_image::ImageFormat format,
+                         image::ImageType type, image::Transparency transparency, image::Image *placeholder,
+                         uint32_t buffer_size, bool is_big_endian)
+    : RuntimeImage(format, type, transparency, placeholder, is_big_endian, width, height),
+      download_buffer_(buffer_size),
+      download_buffer_initial_size_(buffer_size) {
   this->set_url(url);
 }
 
-void OnlineImage::draw(int x, int y, display::Display *display, Color color_on, Color color_off) {
-  if (this->data_start_) {
-    Image::draw(x, y, display, color_on, color_off);
-  } else if (this->placeholder_) {
-    this->placeholder_->draw(x, y, display, color_on, color_off);
+bool OnlineImage::validate_url_(const std::string &url) {
+  if (url.empty()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "URL is empty");
+    return false;
   }
-}
-
-void OnlineImage::release() {
-  if (this->buffer_) {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Deallocating old buffer");
-    this->allocator_.deallocate(this->buffer_, this->get_buffer_size_());
-    this->data_start_ = nullptr;
-    this->buffer_ = nullptr;
-    this->width_ = 0;
-    this->height_ = 0;
-    this->buffer_width_ = 0;
-    this->buffer_height_ = 0;
-    this->last_modified_ = "";
-    this->etag_ = "";
-    this->end_connection_();
+  if (url.length() > 2048) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "URL is too long");
+    return false;
   }
-}
-
-size_t OnlineImage::resize_(int width_in, int height_in) {
-  int width = this->fixed_width_;
-  int height = this->fixed_height_;
-  if (this->is_auto_resize_()) {
-    width = width_in;
-    height = height_in;
-    if (this->width_ != width && this->height_ != height) {
-      this->release();
-    }
+  if (url.compare(0, 7, "http://") != 0 && url.compare(0, 8, "https://") != 0) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "URL must start with http:// or https://");
+    return false;
   }
-  size_t new_size = this->get_buffer_size_(width, height);
-  if (this->buffer_) {
-    // Buffer already allocated => no need to resize
-    return new_size;
-  }
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Allocating new buffer of %zu bytes", new_size);
-  this->buffer_ = this->allocator_.allocate(new_size);
-  if (this->buffer_ == nullptr) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "allocation of %zu bytes failed. Biggest block in heap: %zu Bytes", new_size,
-             this->allocator_.get_max_free_block_size());
-    this->end_connection_();
-    return 0;
-  }
-  this->buffer_width_ = width;
-  this->buffer_height_ = height;
-  this->width_ = width;
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "New size: (%d, %d)", width, height);
-  return new_size;
+  return true;
 }
 
 void OnlineImage::update() {
-  if (this->decoder_) {
+  if (this->is_decoding()) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Image already being updated.");
     return;
   }
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Updating image %s", this->url_.c_str());
 
-  std::list<http_request::Header> headers = {};
-
-  http_request::Header accept_header;
-  accept_header.name = "Accept";
-  std::string accept_mime_type;
-  switch (this->format_) {
-#ifdef USE_ONLINE_IMAGE_BMP_SUPPORT
-    case ImageFormat::BMP:
-      accept_mime_type = "image/bmp";
-      break;
-#endif  // USE_ONLINE_IMAGE_BMP_SUPPORT
-#ifdef USE_ONLINE_IMAGE_JPEG_SUPPORT
-    case ImageFormat::JPEG:
-      accept_mime_type = "image/jpeg";
-      break;
-#endif  // USE_ONLINE_IMAGE_JPEG_SUPPORT
-#ifdef USE_ONLINE_IMAGE_PNG_SUPPORT
-    case ImageFormat::PNG:
-      accept_mime_type = "image/png";
-      break;
-#endif  // USE_ONLINE_IMAGE_PNG_SUPPORT
-    default:
-      accept_mime_type = "image/*";
+  if (!this->validate_url_(this->url_)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid URL: %s", this->url_.c_str());
+    this->download_error_callback_.call();
+    return;
   }
-  accept_header.value = accept_mime_type + ",*/*;q=0.8";
 
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Updating image from %s", this->url_.c_str());
+
+  std::list<http_request::Header> headers;
+
+  // Add caching headers if we have them
   if (!this->etag_.empty()) {
-    headers.push_back(http_request::Header{IF_NONE_MATCH_HEADER_NAME, this->etag_});
+    headers.push_back({IF_NONE_MATCH_HEADER_NAME, this->etag_});
   }
-
   if (!this->last_modified_.empty()) {
-    headers.push_back(http_request::Header{IF_MODIFIED_SINCE_HEADER_NAME, this->last_modified_});
+    headers.push_back({IF_MODIFIED_SINCE_HEADER_NAME, this->last_modified_});
   }
 
-  headers.push_back(accept_header);
+  // Add Accept header based on image format
+  const char *accept_mime_type;
+  switch (this->get_format()) {
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_BMP
+    case runtime_image::BMP:
+      accept_mime_type = "image/bmp,*/*;q=0.8";
+      break;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_JPEG
+    case runtime_image::JPEG:
+      accept_mime_type = "image/jpeg,*/*;q=0.8";
+      break;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_PNG
+    case runtime_image::PNG:
+      accept_mime_type = "image/png,*/*;q=0.8";
+      break;
+#endif
+    default:
+      accept_mime_type = "image/*,*/*;q=0.8";
+      break;
+  }
+  headers.push_back({"Accept", accept_mime_type});
 
+  // User headers last so they can override any of the above
   for (auto &header : this->request_headers_) {
     headers.push_back(http_request::Header{header.first, header.second.value()});
   }
@@ -175,186 +115,117 @@ void OnlineImage::update() {
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Starting download");
   size_t total_size = this->downloader_->content_length;
 
-#ifdef USE_ONLINE_IMAGE_BMP_SUPPORT
-  if (this->format_ == ImageFormat::BMP) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Allocating BMP decoder");
-    this->decoder_ = make_unique<BmpDecoder>(this);
-    this->enable_loop();
+  // Initialize decoder with the known format
+  if (!this->begin_decode(total_size)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to initialize decoder for format %d", this->get_format());
+    this->end_connection_();
+    this->download_error_callback_.call();
+    return;
   }
-#endif  // USE_ONLINE_IMAGE_BMP_SUPPORT
-#ifdef USE_ONLINE_IMAGE_JPEG_SUPPORT
-  if (this->format_ == ImageFormat::JPEG) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Allocating JPEG decoder");
-    this->decoder_ = esphome::make_unique<JpegDecoder>(this);
-    this->enable_loop();
-  }
-#endif  // USE_ONLINE_IMAGE_JPEG_SUPPORT
-#ifdef USE_ONLINE_IMAGE_PNG_SUPPORT
-  if (this->format_ == ImageFormat::PNG) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Allocating PNG decoder");
-    this->decoder_ = make_unique<PngDecoder>(this);
-    this->enable_loop();
-  }
-#endif  // USE_ONLINE_IMAGE_PNG_SUPPORT
 
-  if (!this->decoder_) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Could not instantiate decoder. Image format unsupported: %d", this->format_);
-    this->end_connection_();
-    this->download_error_callback_.call();
-    return;
-  }
-  auto prepare_result = this->decoder_->prepare(total_size);
-  if (prepare_result < 0) {
-    this->end_connection_();
-    this->download_error_callback_.call();
-    return;
+  // JPEG requires the complete image in the download buffer before decoding
+  if (this->get_format() == runtime_image::JPEG && total_size > this->download_buffer_.size()) {
+    this->download_buffer_.resize(total_size);
   }
+
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Downloading image (Size: %zu)", total_size);
   this->start_time_ = ::time(nullptr);
+  this->enable_loop();
 }
 
 void OnlineImage::loop() {
-  if (!this->decoder_) {
+  if (!this->is_decoding()) {
     // Not decoding at the moment => nothing to do.
     this->disable_loop();
     return;
   }
-  if (!this->downloader_ || this->decoder_->is_finished()) {
-    this->data_start_ = buffer_;
-    this->width_ = buffer_width_;
-    this->height_ = buffer_height_;
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Image fully downloaded, read %zu bytes, width/height = %d/%d", this->downloader_->get_bytes_read(),
-             this->width_, this->height_);
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Total time: %" PRIu32 "s", (uint32_t) (::time(nullptr) - this->start_time_));
+
+  if (!this->downloader_) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Downloader not instantiated; cannot download");
+    this->end_connection_();
+    this->download_error_callback_.call();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Check if download is complete — use decoder's format-specific completion check
+  // to handle both known content-length and chunked transfer encoding
+  if (this->is_decode_finished() || (this->downloader_->content_length > 0 &&
+                                     this->downloader_->get_bytes_read() >= this->downloader_->content_length &&
+                                     this->download_buffer_.unread() == 0)) {
+    // Finalize decoding
+    this->end_decode();
+
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Image fully downloaded, %zu bytes in %" PRIu32 "s", this->downloader_->get_bytes_read(),
+             (uint32_t) (::time(nullptr) - this->start_time_));
+
+    // Save caching headers
     this->etag_ = this->downloader_->get_response_header(ETAG_HEADER_NAME);
     this->last_modified_ = this->downloader_->get_response_header(LAST_MODIFIED_HEADER_NAME);
+
     this->download_finished_callback_.call(false);
     this->end_connection_();
     return;
   }
-  if (this->downloader_ == nullptr) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Downloader not instantiated; cannot download");
-    return;
-  }
+
+  // Download and decode more data
   size_t available = this->download_buffer_.free_capacity();
-  if (available) {
-    // Some decoders need to fully download the image before downloading.
-    // In case of huge images, don't wait blocking until the whole image has been downloaded,
-    // use smaller chunks
+  if (available > 0) {
+    // Download in chunks to avoid blocking
     available = std::min(available, this->download_buffer_initial_size_);
     auto len = this->downloader_->read(this->download_buffer_.append(), available);
+
     if (len > 0) {
       this->download_buffer_.write(len);
-      auto fed = this->decoder_->decode(this->download_buffer_.data(), this->download_buffer_.unread());
-      if (fed < 0) {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error when decoding image.");
+
+      // Feed data to decoder
+      auto consumed = this->feed_data(this->download_buffer_.data(), this->download_buffer_.unread());
+
+      if (consumed < 0) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error decoding image: %d", consumed);
         this->end_connection_();
         this->download_error_callback_.call();
         return;
       }
-      this->download_buffer_.read(fed);
-    }
-  }
-}
 
-void OnlineImage::map_chroma_key(Color &color) {
-  if (this->transparency_ == image::TRANSPARENCY_CHROMA_KEY) {
-    if (color.g == 1 && color.r == 0 && color.b == 0) {
-      color.g = 0;
-    }
-    if (color.w < 0x80) {
-      color.r = 0;
-      color.g = this->type_ == ImageType::IMAGE_TYPE_RGB565 ? 4 : 1;
-      color.b = 0;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-void OnlineImage::draw_pixel_(int x, int y, Color color) {
-  if (!this->buffer_) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Buffer not allocated!");
-    return;
-  }
-  if (x < 0 || y < 0 || x >= this->buffer_width_ || y >= this->buffer_height_) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Tried to paint a pixel (%d,%d) outside the image!", x, y);
-    return;
-  }
-  uint32_t pos = this->get_position_(x, y);
-  switch (this->type_) {
-    case ImageType::IMAGE_TYPE_BINARY: {
-      const uint32_t width_8 = ((this->width_ + 7u) / 8u) * 8u;
-      pos = x + y * width_8;
-      auto bitno = 0x80 >> (pos % 8u);
-      pos /= 8u;
-      auto on = is_color_on(color);
-      if (this->has_transparency() && color.w < 0x80)
-        on = false;
-      if (on) {
-        this->buffer_[pos] |= bitno;
-      } else {
-        this->buffer_[pos] &= ~bitno;
+      if (consumed > 0) {
+        this->download_buffer_.read(consumed);
       }
-      break;
+    } else if (len < 0) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error downloading image: %d", len);
+      this->end_connection_();
+      this->download_error_callback_.call();
+      return;
     }
-    case ImageType::IMAGE_TYPE_GRAYSCALE: {
-      auto gray = static_cast<uint8_t>(0.2125 * color.r + 0.7154 * color.g + 0.0721 * color.b);
-      if (this->transparency_ == image::TRANSPARENCY_CHROMA_KEY) {
-        if (gray == 1) {
-          gray = 0;
-        }
-        if (color.w < 0x80) {
-          gray = 1;
-        }
-      } else if (this->transparency_ == image::TRANSPARENCY_ALPHA_CHANNEL) {
-        if (color.w != 0xFF)
-          gray = color.w;
-      }
-      this->buffer_[pos] = gray;
-      break;
-    }
-    case ImageType::IMAGE_TYPE_RGB565: {
-      this->map_chroma_key(color);
-      uint16_t col565 = display::ColorUtil::color_to_565(color);
-      if (this->is_big_endian_) {
-        this->buffer_[pos + 0] = static_cast<uint8_t>((col565 >> 8) & 0xFF);
-        this->buffer_[pos + 1] = static_cast<uint8_t>(col565 & 0xFF);
-      } else {
-        this->buffer_[pos + 0] = static_cast<uint8_t>(col565 & 0xFF);
-        this->buffer_[pos + 1] = static_cast<uint8_t>((col565 >> 8) & 0xFF);
-      }
-      if (this->transparency_ == image::TRANSPARENCY_ALPHA_CHANNEL) {
-        this->buffer_[pos + 2] = color.w;
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-    case ImageType::IMAGE_TYPE_RGB: {
-      this->map_chroma_key(color);
-      this->buffer_[pos + 0] = color.r;
-      this->buffer_[pos + 1] = color.g;
-      this->buffer_[pos + 2] = color.b;
-      if (this->transparency_ == image::TRANSPARENCY_ALPHA_CHANNEL) {
-        this->buffer_[pos + 3] = color.w;
-      }
-      break;
+  } else {
+    // Buffer is full, need to decode some data first
+    auto consumed = this->feed_data(this->download_buffer_.data(), this->download_buffer_.unread());
+    if (consumed > 0) {
+      this->download_buffer_.read(consumed);
+    } else if (consumed < 0) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Decode error with full buffer: %d", consumed);
+      this->end_connection_();
+      this->download_error_callback_.call();
+      return;
+    } else {
+      // Decoder can't process more data, might need complete image
+      // This is normal for JPEG which needs complete data
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Decoder waiting for more data");
     }
   }
 }
 
 void OnlineImage::end_connection_() {
+  // Abort any in-progress decode to free decoder resources.
+  // Use RuntimeImage::release() directly to avoid recursion with OnlineImage::release().
+  if (this->is_decoding()) {
+    RuntimeImage::release();
+  }
   if (this->downloader_) {
     this->downloader_->end();
     this->downloader_ = nullptr;
   }
-  this->decoder_.reset();
   this->download_buffer_.reset();
-}
-
-bool OnlineImage::validate_url_(const std::string &url) {
-  if ((url.length() < 8) || !url.starts_with("http") || (url.find("://") == std::string::npos)) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "URL is invalid and/or must be prefixed with 'http://' or 'https://'");
-    return false;
-  }
-  return true;
+  this->disable_loop();
 }
 
 void OnlineImage::add_on_finished_callback(std::function<void(bool)> &&callback) {
@@ -365,5 +236,16 @@ void OnlineImage::add_on_error_callback(std::function<void()> &&callback) {
   this->download_error_callback_.add(std::move(callback));
 }
 
-}  // namespace online_image
-}  // namespace esphome
+void OnlineImage::release() {
+  // Clear cache headers
+  this->etag_ = "";
+  this->last_modified_ = "";
+
+  // End any active connection
+  this->end_connection_();
+
+  // Call parent's release to free the image buffer
+  RuntimeImage::release();
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::online_image
diff --git a/esphome/components/online_image/online_image.h b/esphome/components/online_image/online_image.h
index 12d409ca29..c7c80c7c66 100644
--- a/esphome/components/online_image/online_image.h
+++ b/esphome/components/online_image/online_image.h
@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include "download_buffer.h"
 #include "esphome/components/http_request/http_request.h"
-#include "esphome/components/image/image.h"
+#include "esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.h"
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
-#include "image_decoder.h"
-
-namespace esphome {
-namespace online_image {
+namespace esphome::online_image {
 
 using t_http_codes = enum {
   HTTP_CODE_OK = 200,
@@ -17,27 +16,13 @@ using t_http_codes = enum {
   HTTP_CODE_NOT_FOUND = 404,
 };
 
-/**
- * @brief Format that the image is encoded with.
- */
-enum ImageFormat {
-  /** Automatically detect from MIME type. Not supported yet. */
-  AUTO,
-  /** JPEG format. */
-  JPEG,
-  /** PNG format. */
-  PNG,
-  /** BMP format. */
-  BMP,
-};
-
 /**
  * @brief Download an image from a given URL, and decode it using the specified decoder.
  * The image will then be stored in a buffer, so that it can be re-displayed without the
  * need to re-download or re-decode.
  */
 class OnlineImage : public PollingComponent,
-                    public image::Image,
+                    public runtime_image::RuntimeImage,
                     public Parented<esphome::http_request::HttpRequestComponent> {
  public:
   /**
@@ -46,17 +31,19 @@ class OnlineImage : public PollingComponent,
    * @param url URL to download the image from.
    * @param width Desired width of the target image area.
    * @param height Desired height of the target image area.
-   * @param format Format that the image is encoded in (@see ImageFormat).
+   * @param format Format that the image is encoded in (@see runtime_image::ImageFormat).
+   * @param type The pixel format for the image.
+   * @param transparency The transparency type for the image.
+   * @param placeholder Optional placeholder image to show while loading.
    * @param buffer_size Size of the buffer used to download the image.
+   * @param is_big_endian Whether the image is stored in big-endian format.
    */
-  OnlineImage(const std::string &url, int width, int height, ImageFormat format, image::ImageType type,
-              image::Transparency transparency, uint32_t buffer_size, bool is_big_endian);
-
-  void draw(int x, int y, display::Display *display, Color color_on, Color color_off) override;
+  OnlineImage(const std::string &url, int width, int height, runtime_image::ImageFormat format, image::ImageType type,
+              image::Transparency transparency, image::Image *placeholder, uint32_t buffer_size,
+              bool is_big_endian = false);
 
   void update() override;
   void loop() override;
-  void map_chroma_key(Color &color);
 
   /** Set the URL to download the image from. */
   void set_url(const std::string &url) {
@@ -69,82 +56,26 @@ class OnlineImage : public PollingComponent,
 
   /** Add the request header */
   template<typename V> void add_request_header(const std::string &header, V value) {
-    this->request_headers_.push_back(std::pair<std::string, TemplatableValue<std::string> >(header, value));
+    this->request_headers_.push_back(std::pair<std::string, TemplatableValue<std::string>>(header, value));
   }
 
-  /**
-   * @brief Set the image that needs to be shown as long as the downloaded image
-   *  is not available.
-   *
-   * @param placeholder Pointer to the (@link Image) to show as placeholder.
-   */
-  void set_placeholder(image::Image *placeholder) { this->placeholder_ = placeholder; }
-
   /**
    * Release the buffer storing the image. The image will need to be downloaded again
    * to be able to be displayed.
    */
   void release();
 
-  /**
-   * Resize the download buffer
-   *
-   * @param size The new size for the download buffer.
-   */
-  size_t resize_download_buffer(size_t size) { return this->download_buffer_.resize(size); }
-
   void add_on_finished_callback(std::function<void(bool)> &&callback);
   void add_on_error_callback(std::function<void()> &&callback);
 
  protected:
   bool validate_url_(const std::string &url);
-
-  RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator_{};
-
-  uint32_t get_buffer_size_() const { return get_buffer_size_(this->buffer_width_, this->buffer_height_); }
-  int get_buffer_size_(int width, int height) const { return (this->get_bpp() * width + 7u) / 8u * height; }
-
-  int get_position_(int x, int y) const { return (x + y * this->buffer_width_) * this->get_bpp() / 8; }
-
-  ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE bool is_auto_resize_() const { return this->fixed_width_ == 0 || this->fixed_height_ == 0; }
-
-  /**
-   * @brief Resize the image buffer to the requested dimensions.
-   *
-   * The buffer will be allocated if not existing.
-   * If the dimensions have been fixed in the yaml config, the buffer will be created
-   * with those dimensions and not resized, even on request.
-   * Otherwise, the old buffer will be deallocated and a new buffer with the requested
-   * allocated
-   *
-   * @param width
-   * @param height
-   * @return 0 if no memory could be allocated, the size of the new buffer otherwise.
-   */
-  size_t resize_(int width, int height);
-
-  /**
-   * @brief Draw a pixel into the buffer.
-   *
-   * This is used by the decoder to fill the buffer that will later be displayed
-   * by the `draw` method. This will internally convert the supplied 32 bit RGBA
-   * color into the requested image storage format.
-   *
-   * @param x Horizontal pixel position.
-   * @param y Vertical pixel position.
-   * @param color 32 bit color to put into the pixel.
-   */
-  void draw_pixel_(int x, int y, Color color);
-
   void end_connection_();
 
   CallbackManager<void(bool)> download_finished_callback_{};
   CallbackManager<void()> download_error_callback_{};
 
   std::shared_ptr<http_request::HttpContainer> downloader_{nullptr};
-  std::unique_ptr<ImageDecoder> decoder_{nullptr};
-
-  uint8_t *buffer_;
   DownloadBuffer download_buffer_;
   /**
    * This is the *initial* size of the download buffer, not the current size.
@@ -153,40 +84,10 @@ class OnlineImage : public PollingComponent,
    */
   size_t download_buffer_initial_size_;
 
-  const ImageFormat format_;
-  image::Image *placeholder_{nullptr};
-
   std::string url_{""};
 
-  std::vector<std::pair<std::string, TemplatableValue<std::string> > > request_headers_;
+  std::vector<std::pair<std::string, TemplatableValue<std::string>>> request_headers_;
 
-  /** width requested on configuration, or 0 if non specified. */
-  const int fixed_width_;
-  /** height requested on configuration, or 0 if non specified. */
-  const int fixed_height_;
-  /**
-   * Whether the image is stored in big-endian format.
-   * This is used to determine how to store 16 bit colors in the buffer.
-   */
-  bool is_big_endian_;
-  /**
-   * Actual width of the current image. If fixed_width_ is specified,
-   * this will be equal to it; otherwise it will be set once the decoding
-   * starts and the original size is known.
-   * This needs to be separate from "BaseImage::get_width()" because the latter
-   * must return 0 until the image has been decoded (to avoid showing partially
-   * decoded images).
-   */
-  int buffer_width_;
-  /**
-   * Actual height of the current image. If fixed_height_ is specified,
-   * this will be equal to it; otherwise it will be set once the decoding
-   * starts and the original size is known.
-   * This needs to be separate from "BaseImage::get_height()" because the latter
-   * must return 0 until the image has been decoded (to avoid showing partially
-   * decoded images).
-   */
-  int buffer_height_;
   /**
    * The value of the ETag HTTP header provided in the last response.
    */
@@ -197,9 +98,6 @@ class OnlineImage : public PollingComponent,
   std::string last_modified_ = "";
 
   time_t start_time_;
-
-  friend bool ImageDecoder::set_size(int width, int height);
-  friend void ImageDecoder::draw(int x, int y, int w, int h, const Color &color);
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class OnlineImageSetUrlAction : public Action<Ts...> {
@@ -241,5 +139,4 @@ class DownloadErrorTrigger : public Trigger<> {
   }
 };
 
-}  // namespace online_image
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::online_image
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/__init__.py b/esphome/components/runtime_image/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0773a53d91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_BYTE_ORDER
+from esphome.components.image import (
+    IMAGE_TYPE,
+    Image_,
+    validate_settings,
+    validate_transparency,
+    validate_type,
+)
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_FORMAT, CONF_ID, CONF_RESIZE, CONF_TYPE
+
+AUTO_LOAD = ["image"]
+CODEOWNERS = ["@guillempages", "@clydebarrow", "@kahrendt"]
+
+CONF_PLACEHOLDER = "placeholder"
+CONF_TRANSPARENCY = "transparency"
+
+runtime_image_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("runtime_image")
+
+# Base decoder classes
+ImageDecoder = runtime_image_ns.class_("ImageDecoder")
+BmpDecoder = runtime_image_ns.class_("BmpDecoder", ImageDecoder)
+JpegDecoder = runtime_image_ns.class_("JpegDecoder", ImageDecoder)
+PngDecoder = runtime_image_ns.class_("PngDecoder", ImageDecoder)
+
+# Runtime image class
+RuntimeImage = runtime_image_ns.class_(
+    "RuntimeImage", cg.esphome_ns.namespace("image").class_("Image")
+)
+
+# Image format enum
+ImageFormat = runtime_image_ns.enum("ImageFormat")
+IMAGE_FORMAT_AUTO = ImageFormat.AUTO
+IMAGE_FORMAT_JPEG = ImageFormat.JPEG
+IMAGE_FORMAT_PNG = ImageFormat.PNG
+IMAGE_FORMAT_BMP = ImageFormat.BMP
+
+# Export enum for decode errors
+DecodeError = runtime_image_ns.enum("DecodeError")
+DECODE_ERROR_INVALID_TYPE = DecodeError.DECODE_ERROR_INVALID_TYPE
+DECODE_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_FORMAT = DecodeError.DECODE_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_FORMAT
+DECODE_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY = DecodeError.DECODE_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
+
+
+class Format:
+    """Base class for image format definitions."""
+
+    def __init__(self, name: str, decoder_class: cg.MockObjClass) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+        self.decoder_class = decoder_class
+
+    def actions(self) -> None:
+        """Add defines and libraries needed for this format."""
+
+
+class BMPFormat(Format):
+    """BMP format decoder configuration."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__("BMP", BmpDecoder)
+
+    def actions(self) -> None:
+        cg.add_define("USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_BMP")
+
+
+class JPEGFormat(Format):
+    """JPEG format decoder configuration."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__("JPEG", JpegDecoder)
+
+    def actions(self) -> None:
+        cg.add_define("USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_JPEG")
+        cg.add_library("JPEGDEC", None, "https://github.com/bitbank2/JPEGDEC#ca1e0f2")
+
+
+class PNGFormat(Format):
+    """PNG format decoder configuration."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__("PNG", PngDecoder)
+
+    def actions(self) -> None:
+        cg.add_define("USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_PNG")
+        cg.add_library("pngle", "1.1.0")
+
+
+# Registry of available formats
+IMAGE_FORMATS = {
+    "BMP": BMPFormat(),
+    "JPEG": JPEGFormat(),
+    "PNG": PNGFormat(),
+    "JPG": JPEGFormat(),  # Alias for JPEG
+}
+
+
+def get_format(format_name: str) -> Format | None:
+    """Get a format instance by name."""
+    return IMAGE_FORMATS.get(format_name.upper())
+
+
+def enable_format(format_name: str) -> Format | None:
+    """Enable a specific image format by adding its defines and libraries."""
+    format_obj = get_format(format_name)
+    if format_obj:
+        format_obj.actions()
+        return format_obj
+    return None
+
+
+# Runtime image configuration schema base - to be extended by components
+def runtime_image_schema(image_class: cg.MockObjClass = RuntimeImage) -> cv.Schema:
+    """Create a runtime image schema with the specified image class."""
+    return cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(image_class),
+            cv.Required(CONF_FORMAT): cv.one_of(*IMAGE_FORMATS, upper=True),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_RESIZE): cv.dimensions,
+            cv.Required(CONF_TYPE): validate_type(IMAGE_TYPE),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_BYTE_ORDER): cv.one_of(
+                "BIG_ENDIAN", "LITTLE_ENDIAN", upper=True
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TRANSPARENCY, default="OPAQUE"): validate_transparency(),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PLACEHOLDER): cv.use_id(Image_),
+        }
+    )
+
+
+def validate_runtime_image_settings(config: dict) -> dict:
+    """Apply validate_settings from image component to runtime image config."""
+    return validate_settings(config)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class RuntimeImageSettings:
+    """Processed runtime image configuration parameters."""
+
+    width: int
+    height: int
+    format_enum: cg.MockObj
+    image_type_enum: cg.MockObj
+    transparent: cg.MockObj
+    byte_order_big_endian: bool
+    placeholder: cg.MockObj | None
+
+
+async def process_runtime_image_config(config: dict) -> RuntimeImageSettings:
+    """
+    Helper function to process common runtime image configuration parameters.
+    Handles format enabling and returns all necessary enums and parameters.
+    """
+    from esphome.components.image import get_image_type_enum, get_transparency_enum
+
+    # Get resize dimensions with default (0, 0)
+    width, height = config.get(CONF_RESIZE, (0, 0))
+
+    # Handle format (required for runtime images)
+    format_name = config[CONF_FORMAT]
+    # Enable the format in the runtime_image component
+    enable_format(format_name)
+    # Map format names to enum values (handle JPG as alias for JPEG)
+    if format_name.upper() == "JPG":
+        format_name = "JPEG"
+    format_enum = getattr(ImageFormat, format_name.upper())
+
+    # Get image type enum
+    image_type_enum = get_image_type_enum(config[CONF_TYPE])
+
+    # Get transparency enum
+    transparent = get_transparency_enum(config.get(CONF_TRANSPARENCY, "OPAQUE"))
+
+    # Get byte order (True for big endian, False for little endian)
+    byte_order_big_endian = config.get(CONF_BYTE_ORDER) != "LITTLE_ENDIAN"
+
+    # Get placeholder if specified
+    placeholder = None
+    if placeholder_id := config.get(CONF_PLACEHOLDER):
+        placeholder = await cg.get_variable(placeholder_id)
+
+    return RuntimeImageSettings(
+        width=width,
+        height=height,
+        format_enum=format_enum,
+        image_type_enum=image_type_enum,
+        transparent=transparent,
+        byte_order_big_endian=byte_order_big_endian,
+        placeholder=placeholder,
+    )
diff --git a/esphome/components/online_image/bmp_image.cpp b/esphome/components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.cpp
similarity index 82%
rename from esphome/components/online_image/bmp_image.cpp
rename to esphome/components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.cpp
index 676a2efca9..1a56484c60 100644
--- a/esphome/components/online_image/bmp_image.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.cpp
@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
-#include "bmp_image.h"
+#include "bmp_decoder.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ONLINE_IMAGE_BMP_SUPPORT
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_BMP
 
 #include "esphome/components/display/display.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace online_image {
+namespace esphome::runtime_image {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "online_image.bmp";
+static const char *const TAG = "image_decoder.bmp";
 
 int HOT BmpDecoder::decode(uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) {
   size_t index = 0;
@@ -30,7 +29,11 @@ int HOT BmpDecoder::decode(uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) {
       return DECODE_ERROR_INVALID_TYPE;
     }
 
-    this->download_size_ = encode_uint32(buffer[5], buffer[4], buffer[3], buffer[2]);
+    // BMP file contains its own size in the header
+    size_t file_size = encode_uint32(buffer[5], buffer[4], buffer[3], buffer[2]);
+    if (this->expected_size_ == 0) {
+      this->expected_size_ = file_size;  // Use file header size if not provided
+    }
     this->data_offset_ = encode_uint32(buffer[13], buffer[12], buffer[11], buffer[10]);
 
     this->current_index_ = 14;
@@ -90,8 +93,8 @@ int HOT BmpDecoder::decode(uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) {
       while (index < size) {
         uint8_t current_byte = buffer[index];
         for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-          size_t x = (this->paint_index_ % this->width_) + i;
-          size_t y = (this->height_ - 1) - (this->paint_index_ / this->width_);
+          size_t x = (this->paint_index_ % static_cast<size_t>(this->width_)) + i;
+          size_t y = static_cast<size_t>(this->height_ - 1) - (this->paint_index_ / static_cast<size_t>(this->width_));
           Color c = (current_byte & (1 << (7 - i))) ? display::COLOR_ON : display::COLOR_OFF;
           this->draw(x, y, 1, 1, c);
         }
@@ -110,8 +113,8 @@ int HOT BmpDecoder::decode(uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) {
         uint8_t b = buffer[index];
         uint8_t g = buffer[index + 1];
         uint8_t r = buffer[index + 2];
-        size_t x = this->paint_index_ % this->width_;
-        size_t y = (this->height_ - 1) - (this->paint_index_ / this->width_);
+        size_t x = this->paint_index_ % static_cast<size_t>(this->width_);
+        size_t y = static_cast<size_t>(this->height_ - 1) - (this->paint_index_ / static_cast<size_t>(this->width_));
         Color c = Color(r, g, b);
         this->draw(x, y, 1, 1, c);
         this->paint_index_++;
@@ -133,7 +136,6 @@ int HOT BmpDecoder::decode(uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) {
   return size;
 };
 
-}  // namespace online_image
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::runtime_image
 
-#endif  // USE_ONLINE_IMAGE_BMP_SUPPORT
+#endif  // USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_BMP
diff --git a/esphome/components/online_image/bmp_image.h b/esphome/components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.h
similarity index 52%
rename from esphome/components/online_image/bmp_image.h
rename to esphome/components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.h
index 916ffea1ad..37db6b4940 100644
--- a/esphome/components/online_image/bmp_image.h
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.h
@@ -1,27 +1,32 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
-#ifdef USE_ONLINE_IMAGE_BMP_SUPPORT
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_BMP
 
 #include "image_decoder.h"
+#include "runtime_image.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace online_image {
+namespace esphome::runtime_image {
 
 /**
- * @brief Image decoder specialization for PNG images.
+ * @brief Image decoder specialization for BMP images.
  */
 class BmpDecoder : public ImageDecoder {
  public:
   /**
    * @brief Construct a new BMP Decoder object.
    *
-   * @param display The image to decode the stream into.
+   * @param image The RuntimeImage to decode the stream into.
    */
-  BmpDecoder(OnlineImage *image) : ImageDecoder(image) {}
+  BmpDecoder(RuntimeImage *image) : ImageDecoder(image) {}
 
   int HOT decode(uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) override;
 
+  bool is_finished() const override {
+    // BMP is finished when we've decoded all pixel data
+    return this->paint_index_ >= static_cast<size_t>(this->width_ * this->height_);
+  }
+
  protected:
   size_t current_index_{0};
   size_t paint_index_{0};
@@ -36,7 +41,6 @@ class BmpDecoder : public ImageDecoder {
   uint8_t padding_bytes_{0};
 };
 
-}  // namespace online_image
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::runtime_image
 
-#endif  // USE_ONLINE_IMAGE_BMP_SUPPORT
+#endif  // USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_BMP
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/image_decoder.cpp b/esphome/components/runtime_image/image_decoder.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8d3320b5d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/image_decoder.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#include "image_decoder.h"
+#include "runtime_image.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cmath>
+
+namespace esphome::runtime_image {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "image_decoder";
+
+bool ImageDecoder::set_size(int width, int height) {
+  bool success = this->image_->resize(width, height) > 0;
+  this->x_scale_ = static_cast<double>(this->image_->get_buffer_width()) / width;
+  this->y_scale_ = static_cast<double>(this->image_->get_buffer_height()) / height;
+  return success;
+}
+
+void ImageDecoder::draw(int x, int y, int w, int h, const Color &color) {
+  auto width = std::min(this->image_->get_buffer_width(), static_cast<int>(std::ceil((x + w) * this->x_scale_)));
+  auto height = std::min(this->image_->get_buffer_height(), static_cast<int>(std::ceil((y + h) * this->y_scale_)));
+  for (int i = x * this->x_scale_; i < width; i++) {
+    for (int j = y * this->y_scale_; j < height; j++) {
+      this->image_->draw_pixel(i, j, color);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::runtime_image
diff --git a/esphome/components/online_image/image_decoder.h b/esphome/components/runtime_image/image_decoder.h
similarity index 60%
rename from esphome/components/online_image/image_decoder.h
rename to esphome/components/runtime_image/image_decoder.h
index d11b8b46d3..926108a8a0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/online_image/image_decoder.h
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/image_decoder.h
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 #include "esphome/core/color.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace online_image {
+namespace esphome::runtime_image {
 
 enum DecodeError : int {
   DECODE_ERROR_INVALID_TYPE = -1,
@@ -10,7 +9,7 @@ enum DecodeError : int {
   DECODE_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY = -3,
 };
 
-class OnlineImage;
+class RuntimeImage;
 
 /**
  * @brief Class to abstract decoding different image formats.
@@ -20,19 +19,19 @@ class ImageDecoder {
   /**
    * @brief Construct a new Image Decoder object
    *
-   * @param image The image to decode the stream into.
+   * @param image The RuntimeImage to decode the stream into.
    */
-  ImageDecoder(OnlineImage *image) : image_(image) {}
+  ImageDecoder(RuntimeImage *image) : image_(image) {}
   virtual ~ImageDecoder() = default;
 
   /**
    * @brief Initialize the decoder.
    *
-   * @param download_size The total number of bytes that need to be downloaded for the image.
+   * @param expected_size Hint about the expected data size (0 if unknown).
    * @return int          Returns 0 on success, a {@see DecodeError} value in case of an error.
    */
-  virtual int prepare(size_t download_size) {
-    this->download_size_ = download_size;
+  virtual int prepare(size_t expected_size) {
+    this->expected_size_ = expected_size;
     return 0;
   }
 
@@ -73,49 +72,26 @@ class ImageDecoder {
    */
   void draw(int x, int y, int w, int h, const Color &color);
 
-  bool is_finished() const { return this->decoded_bytes_ == this->download_size_; }
+  /**
+   * @brief Check if the decoder has finished processing.
+   *
+   * This should be overridden by decoders that can detect completion
+   * based on format-specific markers rather than byte counts.
+   */
+  virtual bool is_finished() const {
+    if (this->expected_size_ > 0) {
+      return this->decoded_bytes_ >= this->expected_size_;
+    }
+    // If size is unknown, derived classes should override this
+    return false;
+  }
 
  protected:
-  OnlineImage *image_;
-  // Initializing to 1, to ensure it is distinguishable from initial "decoded_bytes_".
-  // Will be overwritten anyway once the download size is known.
-  size_t download_size_ = 1;
-  size_t decoded_bytes_ = 0;
+  RuntimeImage *image_;
+  size_t expected_size_ = 0;  // Expected data size (0 if unknown)
+  size_t decoded_bytes_ = 0;  // Bytes processed so far
   double x_scale_ = 1.0;
   double y_scale_ = 1.0;
 };
 
-class DownloadBuffer {
- public:
-  DownloadBuffer(size_t size);
-
-  virtual ~DownloadBuffer() { this->allocator_.deallocate(this->buffer_, this->size_); }
-
-  uint8_t *data(size_t offset = 0);
-
-  uint8_t *append() { return this->data(this->unread_); }
-
-  size_t unread() const { return this->unread_; }
-  size_t size() const { return this->size_; }
-  size_t free_capacity() const { return this->size_ - this->unread_; }
-
-  size_t read(size_t len);
-  size_t write(size_t len) {
-    this->unread_ += len;
-    return this->unread_;
-  }
-
-  void reset() { this->unread_ = 0; }
-
-  size_t resize(size_t size);
-
- protected:
-  RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator_{};
-  uint8_t *buffer_;
-  size_t size_;
-  /** Total number of downloaded bytes not yet read. */
-  size_t unread_;
-};
-
-}  // namespace online_image
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::runtime_image
diff --git a/esphome/components/online_image/jpeg_image.cpp b/esphome/components/runtime_image/jpeg_decoder.cpp
similarity index 69%
rename from esphome/components/online_image/jpeg_image.cpp
rename to esphome/components/runtime_image/jpeg_decoder.cpp
index 10586091d5..dcaa07cd58 100644
--- a/esphome/components/online_image/jpeg_image.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/jpeg_decoder.cpp
@@ -1,16 +1,19 @@
-#include "jpeg_image.h"
-#ifdef USE_ONLINE_IMAGE_JPEG_SUPPORT
+#include "jpeg_decoder.h"
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_JPEG
 
 #include "esphome/components/display/display_buffer.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#include "online_image.h"
-static const char *const TAG = "online_image.jpeg";
+#ifdef USE_ESP_IDF
+#include "esp_task_wdt.h"
+#endif
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace online_image {
+static const char *const TAG = "image_decoder.jpeg";
+
+namespace esphome::runtime_image {
 
 /**
  * @brief Callback method that will be called by the JPEGDEC engine when a chunk
@@ -22,8 +25,14 @@ static int draw_callback(JPEGDRAW *jpeg) {
   ImageDecoder *decoder = (ImageDecoder *) jpeg->pUser;
 
   // Some very big images take too long to decode, so feed the watchdog on each callback
-  // to avoid crashing.
-  App.feed_wdt();
+  // to avoid crashing if the executing task has a watchdog enabled.
+#ifdef USE_ESP_IDF
+  if (esp_task_wdt_status(nullptr) == ESP_OK) {
+#endif
+    App.feed_wdt();
+#ifdef USE_ESP_IDF
+  }
+#endif
   size_t position = 0;
   size_t height = static_cast<size_t>(jpeg->iHeight);
   size_t width = static_cast<size_t>(jpeg->iWidth);
@@ -43,22 +52,23 @@ static int draw_callback(JPEGDRAW *jpeg) {
   return 1;
 }
 
-int JpegDecoder::prepare(size_t download_size) {
-  ImageDecoder::prepare(download_size);
-  auto size = this->image_->resize_download_buffer(download_size);
-  if (size < download_size) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Download buffer resize failed!");
-    return DECODE_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
-  }
+int JpegDecoder::prepare(size_t expected_size) {
+  ImageDecoder::prepare(expected_size);
+  // JPEG decoder needs complete data before decoding
   return 0;
 }
 
 int HOT JpegDecoder::decode(uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) {
-  if (size < this->download_size_) {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Download not complete. Size: %d/%d", size, this->download_size_);
+  // JPEG decoder requires complete data
+  // If we know the expected size, wait for it
+  if (this->expected_size_ > 0 && size < this->expected_size_) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Download not complete. Size: %zu/%zu", size, this->expected_size_);
     return 0;
   }
 
+  // If size unknown, try to decode and see if it's valid
+  // The JPEGDEC library will fail gracefully if data is incomplete
+
   if (!this->jpeg_.openRAM(buffer, size, draw_callback)) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Could not open image for decoding: %d", this->jpeg_.getLastError());
     return DECODE_ERROR_INVALID_TYPE;
@@ -88,7 +98,6 @@ int HOT JpegDecoder::decode(uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) {
   return size;
 }
 
-}  // namespace online_image
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::runtime_image
 
-#endif  // USE_ONLINE_IMAGE_JPEG_SUPPORT
+#endif  // USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_JPEG
diff --git a/esphome/components/online_image/jpeg_image.h b/esphome/components/runtime_image/jpeg_decoder.h
similarity index 54%
rename from esphome/components/online_image/jpeg_image.h
rename to esphome/components/runtime_image/jpeg_decoder.h
index fd488d6138..ed2401e263 100644
--- a/esphome/components/online_image/jpeg_image.h
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/jpeg_decoder.h
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "image_decoder.h"
+#include "runtime_image.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
-#ifdef USE_ONLINE_IMAGE_JPEG_SUPPORT
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_JPEG
 #include <JPEGDEC.h>
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace online_image {
+namespace esphome::runtime_image {
 
 /**
  * @brief Image decoder specialization for JPEG images.
@@ -16,19 +16,18 @@ class JpegDecoder : public ImageDecoder {
   /**
    * @brief Construct a new JPEG Decoder object.
    *
-   * @param display The image to decode the stream into.
+   * @param image The RuntimeImage to decode the stream into.
    */
-  JpegDecoder(OnlineImage *image) : ImageDecoder(image) {}
+  JpegDecoder(RuntimeImage *image) : ImageDecoder(image) {}
   ~JpegDecoder() override {}
 
-  int prepare(size_t download_size) override;
+  int prepare(size_t expected_size) override;
   int HOT decode(uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) override;
 
  protected:
   JPEGDEC jpeg_{};
 };
 
-}  // namespace online_image
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::runtime_image
 
-#endif  // USE_ONLINE_IMAGE_JPEG_SUPPORT
+#endif  // USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_JPEG
diff --git a/esphome/components/online_image/png_image.cpp b/esphome/components/runtime_image/png_decoder.cpp
similarity index 82%
rename from esphome/components/online_image/png_image.cpp
rename to esphome/components/runtime_image/png_decoder.cpp
index ce9d3bdc91..9fe4a9c4ff 100644
--- a/esphome/components/online_image/png_image.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/png_decoder.cpp
@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
-#include "png_image.h"
-#ifdef USE_ONLINE_IMAGE_PNG_SUPPORT
+#include "png_decoder.h"
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_PNG
 
 #include "esphome/components/display/display_buffer.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-static const char *const TAG = "online_image.png";
+static const char *const TAG = "image_decoder.png";
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace online_image {
+namespace esphome::runtime_image {
 
 /**
  * @brief Callback method that will be called by the PNGLE engine when the basic
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ static void draw_callback(pngle_t *pngle, uint32_t x, uint32_t y, uint32_t w, ui
   }
 }
 
-PngDecoder::PngDecoder(OnlineImage *image) : ImageDecoder(image) {
+PngDecoder::PngDecoder(RuntimeImage *image) : ImageDecoder(image) {
   {
     pngle_t *pngle = this->allocator_.allocate(1, PNGLE_T_SIZE);
     if (!pngle) {
@@ -69,8 +68,8 @@ PngDecoder::~PngDecoder() {
   }
 }
 
-int PngDecoder::prepare(size_t download_size) {
-  ImageDecoder::prepare(download_size);
+int PngDecoder::prepare(size_t expected_size) {
+  ImageDecoder::prepare(expected_size);
   if (!this->pngle_) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "PNG decoder engine not initialized!");
     return DECODE_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
@@ -86,8 +85,9 @@ int HOT PngDecoder::decode(uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "PNG decoder engine not initialized!");
     return DECODE_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
   }
-  if (size < 256 && size < this->download_size_ - this->decoded_bytes_) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Waiting for data");
+  // PNG can be decoded progressively, but wait for a reasonable chunk
+  if (size < 256 && this->expected_size_ > 0 && size < this->expected_size_ - this->decoded_bytes_) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Waiting for more data");
     return 0;
   }
   auto fed = pngle_feed(this->pngle_, buffer, size);
@@ -99,7 +99,6 @@ int HOT PngDecoder::decode(uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) {
   return fed;
 }
 
-}  // namespace online_image
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::runtime_image
 
-#endif  // USE_ONLINE_IMAGE_PNG_SUPPORT
+#endif  // USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_PNG
diff --git a/esphome/components/online_image/png_image.h b/esphome/components/runtime_image/png_decoder.h
similarity index 65%
rename from esphome/components/online_image/png_image.h
rename to esphome/components/runtime_image/png_decoder.h
index 40e85dde33..b5c1e70c2a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/online_image/png_image.h
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/png_decoder.h
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "image_decoder.h"
-#ifdef USE_ONLINE_IMAGE_PNG_SUPPORT
+#include "runtime_image.h"
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_PNG
 #include <pngle.h>
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace online_image {
+namespace esphome::runtime_image {
 
 /**
  * @brief Image decoder specialization for PNG images.
@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@ class PngDecoder : public ImageDecoder {
   /**
    * @brief Construct a new PNG Decoder object.
    *
-   * @param display The image to decode the stream into.
+   * @param image The RuntimeImage to decode the stream into.
    */
-  PngDecoder(OnlineImage *image);
+  PngDecoder(RuntimeImage *image);
   ~PngDecoder() override;
 
-  int prepare(size_t download_size) override;
+  int prepare(size_t expected_size) override;
   int HOT decode(uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) override;
 
   void increment_pixels_decoded(uint32_t count) { this->pixels_decoded_ += count; }
@@ -30,11 +30,10 @@ class PngDecoder : public ImageDecoder {
 
  protected:
   RAMAllocator<pngle_t> allocator_;
-  pngle_t *pngle_;
+  pngle_t *pngle_{nullptr};
   uint32_t pixels_decoded_{0};
 };
 
-}  // namespace online_image
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::runtime_image
 
-#endif  // USE_ONLINE_IMAGE_PNG_SUPPORT
+#endif  // USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_PNG
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.cpp b/esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1d70f38d6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+#include "runtime_image.h"
+#include "image_decoder.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include <cstring>
+
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_BMP
+#include "bmp_decoder.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_JPEG
+#include "jpeg_decoder.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_PNG
+#include "png_decoder.h"
+#endif
+
+namespace esphome::runtime_image {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "runtime_image";
+
+inline bool is_color_on(const Color &color) {
+  // This produces the most accurate monochrome conversion, but is slightly slower.
+  //  return (0.2125 * color.r + 0.7154 * color.g + 0.0721 * color.b) > 127;
+
+  // Approximation using fast integer computations; produces acceptable results
+  // Equivalent to 0.25 * R + 0.5 * G + 0.25 * B
+  return ((color.r >> 2) + (color.g >> 1) + (color.b >> 2)) & 0x80;
+}
+
+RuntimeImage::RuntimeImage(ImageFormat format, image::ImageType type, image::Transparency transparency,
+                           image::Image *placeholder, bool is_big_endian, int fixed_width, int fixed_height)
+    : Image(nullptr, 0, 0, type, transparency),
+      format_(format),
+      fixed_width_(fixed_width),
+      fixed_height_(fixed_height),
+      placeholder_(placeholder),
+      is_big_endian_(is_big_endian) {}
+
+RuntimeImage::~RuntimeImage() { this->release(); }
+
+int RuntimeImage::resize(int width, int height) {
+  // Use fixed dimensions if specified (0 means auto-resize)
+  int target_width = this->fixed_width_ ? this->fixed_width_ : width;
+  int target_height = this->fixed_height_ ? this->fixed_height_ : height;
+
+  size_t result = this->resize_buffer_(target_width, target_height);
+  if (result > 0 && this->progressive_display_) {
+    // Update display dimensions for progressive display
+    this->width_ = this->buffer_width_;
+    this->height_ = this->buffer_height_;
+    this->data_start_ = this->buffer_;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+void RuntimeImage::draw_pixel(int x, int y, const Color &color) {
+  if (!this->buffer_) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Buffer not allocated!");
+    return;
+  }
+  if (x < 0 || y < 0 || x >= this->buffer_width_ || y >= this->buffer_height_) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Tried to paint a pixel (%d,%d) outside the image!", x, y);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  switch (this->type_) {
+    case image::IMAGE_TYPE_BINARY: {
+      const uint32_t width_8 = ((this->buffer_width_ + 7u) / 8u) * 8u;
+      uint32_t pos = x + y * width_8;
+      auto bitno = 0x80 >> (pos % 8u);
+      pos /= 8u;
+      auto on = is_color_on(color);
+      if (this->has_transparency() && color.w < 0x80)
+        on = false;
+      if (on) {
+        this->buffer_[pos] |= bitno;
+      } else {
+        this->buffer_[pos] &= ~bitno;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case image::IMAGE_TYPE_GRAYSCALE: {
+      uint32_t pos = this->get_position_(x, y);
+      auto gray = static_cast<uint8_t>(0.2125 * color.r + 0.7154 * color.g + 0.0721 * color.b);
+      if (this->transparency_ == image::TRANSPARENCY_CHROMA_KEY) {
+        if (gray == 1) {
+          gray = 0;
+        }
+        if (color.w < 0x80) {
+          gray = 1;
+        }
+      } else if (this->transparency_ == image::TRANSPARENCY_ALPHA_CHANNEL) {
+        if (color.w != 0xFF)
+          gray = color.w;
+      }
+      this->buffer_[pos] = gray;
+      break;
+    }
+    case image::IMAGE_TYPE_RGB565: {
+      uint32_t pos = this->get_position_(x, y);
+      Color mapped_color = color;
+      this->map_chroma_key(mapped_color);
+      uint16_t rgb565 = display::ColorUtil::color_to_565(mapped_color);
+      if (this->is_big_endian_) {
+        this->buffer_[pos + 0] = static_cast<uint8_t>((rgb565 >> 8) & 0xFF);
+        this->buffer_[pos + 1] = static_cast<uint8_t>(rgb565 & 0xFF);
+      } else {
+        this->buffer_[pos + 0] = static_cast<uint8_t>(rgb565 & 0xFF);
+        this->buffer_[pos + 1] = static_cast<uint8_t>((rgb565 >> 8) & 0xFF);
+      }
+      if (this->transparency_ == image::TRANSPARENCY_ALPHA_CHANNEL) {
+        this->buffer_[pos + 2] = color.w;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case image::IMAGE_TYPE_RGB: {
+      uint32_t pos = this->get_position_(x, y);
+      Color mapped_color = color;
+      this->map_chroma_key(mapped_color);
+      this->buffer_[pos + 0] = mapped_color.r;
+      this->buffer_[pos + 1] = mapped_color.g;
+      this->buffer_[pos + 2] = mapped_color.b;
+      if (this->transparency_ == image::TRANSPARENCY_ALPHA_CHANNEL) {
+        this->buffer_[pos + 3] = color.w;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void RuntimeImage::map_chroma_key(Color &color) {
+  if (this->transparency_ == image::TRANSPARENCY_CHROMA_KEY) {
+    if (color.g == 1 && color.r == 0 && color.b == 0) {
+      color.g = 0;
+    }
+    if (color.w < 0x80) {
+      color.r = 0;
+      color.g = this->type_ == image::IMAGE_TYPE_RGB565 ? 4 : 1;
+      color.b = 0;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void RuntimeImage::draw(int x, int y, display::Display *display, Color color_on, Color color_off) {
+  if (this->data_start_) {
+    // If we have a complete image, use the base class draw method
+    Image::draw(x, y, display, color_on, color_off);
+  } else if (this->placeholder_) {
+    // Show placeholder while the runtime image is not available
+    this->placeholder_->draw(x, y, display, color_on, color_off);
+  }
+  // If no image is loaded and no placeholder, nothing to draw
+}
+
+bool RuntimeImage::begin_decode(size_t expected_size) {
+  if (this->decoder_) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Decoding already in progress");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  this->decoder_ = this->create_decoder_();
+  if (!this->decoder_) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to create decoder for format %d", this->format_);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  this->total_size_ = expected_size;
+  this->decoded_bytes_ = 0;
+
+  // Initialize decoder
+  int result = this->decoder_->prepare(expected_size);
+  if (result < 0) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to prepare decoder: %d", result);
+    this->decoder_ = nullptr;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+int RuntimeImage::feed_data(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+  if (!this->decoder_) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "No decoder initialized");
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  int consumed = this->decoder_->decode(data, len);
+  if (consumed > 0) {
+    this->decoded_bytes_ += consumed;
+  }
+
+  return consumed;
+}
+
+bool RuntimeImage::end_decode() {
+  if (!this->decoder_) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Finalize the image for display
+  if (!this->progressive_display_) {
+    // Only now make the image visible
+    this->width_ = this->buffer_width_;
+    this->height_ = this->buffer_height_;
+    this->data_start_ = this->buffer_;
+  }
+
+  // Clean up decoder
+  this->decoder_ = nullptr;
+
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Decoding complete: %dx%d, %zu bytes", this->width_, this->height_, this->decoded_bytes_);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool RuntimeImage::is_decode_finished() const {
+  if (!this->decoder_) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return this->decoder_->is_finished();
+}
+
+void RuntimeImage::release() {
+  this->release_buffer_();
+  // Reset decoder separately — release() can be called from within the decoder
+  // (via set_size -> resize -> resize_buffer_), so we must not destroy the decoder here.
+  // The decoder lifecycle is managed by begin_decode()/end_decode().
+  this->decoder_ = nullptr;
+}
+
+void RuntimeImage::release_buffer_() {
+  if (this->buffer_) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Releasing buffer of size %zu", this->get_buffer_size_(this->buffer_width_, this->buffer_height_));
+    this->allocator_.deallocate(this->buffer_, this->get_buffer_size_(this->buffer_width_, this->buffer_height_));
+    this->buffer_ = nullptr;
+    this->data_start_ = nullptr;
+    this->width_ = 0;
+    this->height_ = 0;
+    this->buffer_width_ = 0;
+    this->buffer_height_ = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+size_t RuntimeImage::resize_buffer_(int width, int height) {
+  size_t new_size = this->get_buffer_size_(width, height);
+
+  if (this->buffer_ && this->buffer_width_ == width && this->buffer_height_ == height) {
+    // Buffer already allocated with correct size
+    return new_size;
+  }
+
+  // Release old buffer if dimensions changed
+  if (this->buffer_) {
+    this->release_buffer_();
+  }
+
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Allocating buffer: %dx%d, %zu bytes", width, height, new_size);
+  this->buffer_ = this->allocator_.allocate(new_size);
+
+  if (!this->buffer_) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to allocate %zu bytes. Largest free block: %zu", new_size,
+             this->allocator_.get_max_free_block_size());
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  // Clear buffer
+  memset(this->buffer_, 0, new_size);
+
+  this->buffer_width_ = width;
+  this->buffer_height_ = height;
+
+  return new_size;
+}
+
+size_t RuntimeImage::get_buffer_size_(int width, int height) const {
+  return (this->get_bpp() * width + 7u) / 8u * height;
+}
+
+int RuntimeImage::get_position_(int x, int y) const { return (x + y * this->buffer_width_) * this->get_bpp() / 8; }
+
+std::unique_ptr<ImageDecoder> RuntimeImage::create_decoder_() {
+  switch (this->format_) {
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_BMP
+    case BMP:
+      return make_unique<BmpDecoder>(this);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_JPEG
+    case JPEG:
+      return make_unique<JpegDecoder>(this);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_PNG
+    case PNG:
+      return make_unique<PngDecoder>(this);
+#endif
+    default:
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unsupported image format: %d", this->format_);
+      return nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::runtime_image
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.h b/esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0a5279d86d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.h
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/image/image.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+namespace esphome::runtime_image {
+
+// Forward declaration
+class ImageDecoder;
+
+/**
+ * @brief Image format types that can be decoded dynamically.
+ */
+enum ImageFormat {
+  /** Automatically detect from data. Not implemented yet. */
+  AUTO,
+  /** JPEG format. */
+  JPEG,
+  /** PNG format. */
+  PNG,
+  /** BMP format. */
+  BMP,
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief A dynamic image that can be loaded and decoded at runtime.
+ *
+ * This class provides dynamic buffer allocation and management for images
+ * that are decoded at runtime, as opposed to static images compiled into
+ * the firmware. It serves as a base class for components that need to
+ * load images dynamically from various sources.
+ */
+class RuntimeImage : public image::Image {
+ public:
+  /**
+   * @brief Construct a new RuntimeImage object.
+   *
+   * @param format The image format to decode.
+   * @param type The pixel format for the image.
+   * @param transparency The transparency type for the image.
+   * @param placeholder Optional placeholder image to show while loading.
+   * @param is_big_endian Whether the image is stored in big-endian format.
+   * @param fixed_width Fixed width for the image (0 for auto-resize).
+   * @param fixed_height Fixed height for the image (0 for auto-resize).
+   */
+  RuntimeImage(ImageFormat format, image::ImageType type, image::Transparency transparency,
+               image::Image *placeholder = nullptr, bool is_big_endian = false, int fixed_width = 0,
+               int fixed_height = 0);
+
+  ~RuntimeImage();
+
+  // Decoder interface methods
+  /**
+   * @brief Resize the image buffer to the requested dimensions.
+   *
+   * The buffer will be allocated if not existing.
+   * If fixed dimensions have been specified in the constructor, the buffer will be created
+   * with those dimensions and not resized, even on request.
+   * Otherwise, the old buffer will be deallocated and a new buffer with the requested
+   * dimensions allocated.
+   *
+   * @param width Requested width (ignored if fixed_width_ is set)
+   * @param height Requested height (ignored if fixed_height_ is set)
+   * @return Size of the allocated buffer in bytes, or 0 if allocation failed.
+   */
+  int resize(int width, int height);
+  void draw_pixel(int x, int y, const Color &color);
+  void map_chroma_key(Color &color);
+  int get_buffer_width() const { return this->buffer_width_; }
+  int get_buffer_height() const { return this->buffer_height_; }
+
+  // Image drawing interface
+  void draw(int x, int y, display::Display *display, Color color_on, Color color_off) override;
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Begin decoding an image.
+   *
+   * @param expected_size Optional hint about the expected data size.
+   * @return true if decoder was successfully initialized.
+   */
+  bool begin_decode(size_t expected_size = 0);
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Feed data to the decoder.
+   *
+   * @param data Pointer to the data buffer.
+   * @param len Length of data to process.
+   * @return Number of bytes consumed by the decoder.
+   */
+  int feed_data(uint8_t *data, size_t len);
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Complete the decoding process.
+   *
+   * @return true if decoding completed successfully.
+   */
+  bool end_decode();
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Check if decoding is currently in progress.
+   */
+  bool is_decoding() const { return this->decoder_ != nullptr; }
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Check if the decoder has finished processing all data.
+   *
+   * This delegates to the decoder's format-specific completion check,
+   * which handles both known-size and chunked transfer cases.
+   */
+  bool is_decode_finished() const;
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Check if an image is currently loaded.
+   */
+  bool is_loaded() const { return this->buffer_ != nullptr; }
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Get the image format.
+   */
+  ImageFormat get_format() const { return this->format_; }
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Release the image buffer and free memory.
+   */
+  void release();
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Set whether to allow progressive display during decode.
+   *
+   * When enabled, the image can be displayed even while still decoding.
+   * When disabled, the image is only displayed after decoding completes.
+   */
+  void set_progressive_display(bool progressive) { this->progressive_display_ = progressive; }
+
+ protected:
+  /**
+   * @brief Resize the image buffer to the requested dimensions.
+   *
+   * @param width New width in pixels.
+   * @param height New height in pixels.
+   * @return Size of the allocated buffer, or 0 on failure.
+   */
+  size_t resize_buffer_(int width, int height);
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Release only the image buffer without resetting the decoder.
+   *
+   * This is safe to call from within the decoder (e.g., during resize).
+   */
+  void release_buffer_();
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Get the buffer size in bytes for given dimensions.
+   */
+  size_t get_buffer_size_(int width, int height) const;
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Get the position in the buffer for a pixel.
+   */
+  int get_position_(int x, int y) const;
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Create decoder instance for the image's format.
+   */
+  std::unique_ptr<ImageDecoder> create_decoder_();
+
+  // Memory management
+  RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator_{};
+  uint8_t *buffer_{nullptr};
+
+  // Decoder management
+  std::unique_ptr<ImageDecoder> decoder_{nullptr};
+  /** The image format this RuntimeImage is configured to decode. */
+  const ImageFormat format_;
+
+  /**
+   * Actual width of the current image.
+   * This needs to be separate from "Image::get_width()" because the latter
+   * must return 0 until the image has been decoded (to avoid showing partially
+   * decoded images). When progressive_display_ is enabled, Image dimensions
+   * are updated during decoding to allow rendering in progress.
+   */
+  int buffer_width_{0};
+  /**
+   * Actual height of the current image.
+   * This needs to be separate from "Image::get_height()" because the latter
+   * must return 0 until the image has been decoded (to avoid showing partially
+   * decoded images). When progressive_display_ is enabled, Image dimensions
+   * are updated during decoding to allow rendering in progress.
+   */
+  int buffer_height_{0};
+
+  // Decoding state
+  size_t total_size_{0};
+  size_t decoded_bytes_{0};
+
+  /** Fixed width requested on configuration, or 0 if not specified. */
+  const int fixed_width_{0};
+  /** Fixed height requested on configuration, or 0 if not specified. */
+  const int fixed_height_{0};
+
+  /** Placeholder image to show when the runtime image is not available. */
+  image::Image *placeholder_{nullptr};
+
+  // Configuration
+  bool progressive_display_{false};
+  /**
+   * Whether the image is stored in big-endian format.
+   * This is used to determine how to store 16 bit colors in the buffer.
+   */
+  bool is_big_endian_{false};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::runtime_image
diff --git a/esphome/core/defines.h b/esphome/core/defines.h
index bfa33e4e59..0d6c1a42e8 100644
--- a/esphome/core/defines.h
+++ b/esphome/core/defines.h
@@ -148,9 +148,9 @@
 #define USE_MQTT
 #define USE_MQTT_COVER_JSON
 #define USE_NETWORK
-#define USE_ONLINE_IMAGE_BMP_SUPPORT
-#define USE_ONLINE_IMAGE_PNG_SUPPORT
-#define USE_ONLINE_IMAGE_JPEG_SUPPORT
+#define USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_BMP
+#define USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_PNG
+#define USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_JPEG
 #define USE_OTA
 #define USE_OTA_PASSWORD
 #define USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER

From f24e7709aca9e0cb7fc5951ea82141fec1b5dd9e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 13 Feb 2026 16:21:50 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 020/609] [core] Make LOG_ENTITY_ICON a no-op when icons are
 compiled out (#13973)

---
 esphome/core/entity_base.cpp | 2 ++
 esphome/core/entity_base.h   | 5 +++++
 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/core/entity_base.cpp b/esphome/core/entity_base.cpp
index 811b856b5e..f6a7ec1dfd 100644
--- a/esphome/core/entity_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/entity_base.cpp
@@ -152,11 +152,13 @@ void EntityBase_UnitOfMeasurement::set_unit_of_measurement(const char *unit_of_m
   this->unit_of_measurement_ = unit_of_measurement;
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
 void log_entity_icon(const char *tag, const char *prefix, const EntityBase &obj) {
   if (!obj.get_icon_ref().empty()) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "%s  Icon: '%s'", prefix, obj.get_icon_ref().c_str());
   }
 }
+#endif
 
 void log_entity_device_class(const char *tag, const char *prefix, const EntityBase_DeviceClass &obj) {
   if (!obj.get_device_class_ref().empty()) {
diff --git a/esphome/core/entity_base.h b/esphome/core/entity_base.h
index 86cb75495b..cbc07cc44c 100644
--- a/esphome/core/entity_base.h
+++ b/esphome/core/entity_base.h
@@ -231,8 +231,13 @@ class EntityBase_UnitOfMeasurement {  // NOLINT(readability-identifier-naming)
 };
 
 /// Log entity icon if set (for use in dump_config)
+#ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
 #define LOG_ENTITY_ICON(tag, prefix, obj) log_entity_icon(tag, prefix, obj)
 void log_entity_icon(const char *tag, const char *prefix, const EntityBase &obj);
+#else
+#define LOG_ENTITY_ICON(tag, prefix, obj) ((void) 0)
+inline void log_entity_icon(const char *, const char *, const EntityBase &) {}
+#endif
 /// Log entity device class if set (for use in dump_config)
 #define LOG_ENTITY_DEVICE_CLASS(tag, prefix, obj) log_entity_device_class(tag, prefix, obj)
 void log_entity_device_class(const char *tag, const char *prefix, const EntityBase_DeviceClass &obj);

From 79d9fbf64579bee42d14adc9a4e17f8ddac3ac0b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 13 Feb 2026 16:22:05 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 021/609] [nfc] Replace constant std::vector with static
 constexpr std::array (#13978)

---
 esphome/components/pn532/pn532.h              |  4 +-
 .../components/pn532/pn532_mifare_classic.cpp | 68 +++++++++----------
 .../pn532/pn532_mifare_ultralight.cpp         | 16 ++---
 esphome/components/pn7150/pn7150.h            |  4 +-
 .../pn7150/pn7150_mifare_classic.cpp          | 66 +++++++++---------
 .../pn7150/pn7150_mifare_ultralight.cpp       | 13 ++--
 esphome/components/pn7160/pn7160.h            |  4 +-
 .../pn7160/pn7160_mifare_classic.cpp          | 66 +++++++++---------
 .../pn7160/pn7160_mifare_ultralight.cpp       | 13 ++--
 9 files changed, 130 insertions(+), 124 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/pn532/pn532.h b/esphome/components/pn532/pn532.h
index 73a6c15164..f98c0f9322 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn532/pn532.h
+++ b/esphome/components/pn532/pn532.h
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class PN532 : public PollingComponent {
 
   std::unique_ptr<nfc::NfcTag> read_mifare_classic_tag_(nfc::NfcTagUid &uid);
   bool read_mifare_classic_block_(uint8_t block_num, std::vector<uint8_t> &data);
-  bool write_mifare_classic_block_(uint8_t block_num, std::vector<uint8_t> &data);
+  bool write_mifare_classic_block_(uint8_t block_num, const uint8_t *data, size_t len);
   bool auth_mifare_classic_block_(nfc::NfcTagUid &uid, uint8_t block_num, uint8_t key_num, const uint8_t *key);
   bool format_mifare_classic_mifare_(nfc::NfcTagUid &uid);
   bool format_mifare_classic_ndef_(nfc::NfcTagUid &uid);
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ class PN532 : public PollingComponent {
   uint16_t read_mifare_ultralight_capacity_();
   bool find_mifare_ultralight_ndef_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &page_3_to_6, uint8_t &message_length,
                                     uint8_t &message_start_index);
-  bool write_mifare_ultralight_page_(uint8_t page_num, std::vector<uint8_t> &write_data);
+  bool write_mifare_ultralight_page_(uint8_t page_num, const uint8_t *write_data, size_t len);
   bool write_mifare_ultralight_tag_(nfc::NfcTagUid &uid, nfc::NdefMessage *message);
   bool clean_mifare_ultralight_();
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn532/pn532_mifare_classic.cpp b/esphome/components/pn532/pn532_mifare_classic.cpp
index b762d5d936..cca6acd96d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn532/pn532_mifare_classic.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pn532/pn532_mifare_classic.cpp
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#include <array>
 #include <memory>
 
 #include "pn532.h"
@@ -106,10 +107,10 @@ bool PN532::auth_mifare_classic_block_(nfc::NfcTagUid &uid, uint8_t block_num, u
 }
 
 bool PN532::format_mifare_classic_mifare_(nfc::NfcTagUid &uid) {
-  std::vector<uint8_t> blank_buffer(
-      {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00});
-  std::vector<uint8_t> trailer_buffer(
-      {0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x07, 0x80, 0x69, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF});
+  static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, nfc::MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCK_SIZE> BLANK_BUFFER = {
+      0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, nfc::MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCK_SIZE> TRAILER_BUFFER = {
+      0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x07, 0x80, 0x69, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF};
 
   bool error = false;
 
@@ -118,20 +119,20 @@ bool PN532::format_mifare_classic_mifare_(nfc::NfcTagUid &uid) {
       continue;
     }
     if (block != 0) {
-      if (!this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block, blank_buffer)) {
+      if (!this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block, BLANK_BUFFER.data(), BLANK_BUFFER.size())) {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unable to write block %d", block);
         error = true;
       }
     }
-    if (!this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block + 1, blank_buffer)) {
+    if (!this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block + 1, BLANK_BUFFER.data(), BLANK_BUFFER.size())) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unable to write block %d", block + 1);
       error = true;
     }
-    if (!this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block + 2, blank_buffer)) {
+    if (!this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block + 2, BLANK_BUFFER.data(), BLANK_BUFFER.size())) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unable to write block %d", block + 2);
       error = true;
     }
-    if (!this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block + 3, trailer_buffer)) {
+    if (!this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block + 3, TRAILER_BUFFER.data(), TRAILER_BUFFER.size())) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unable to write block %d", block + 3);
       error = true;
     }
@@ -141,28 +142,28 @@ bool PN532::format_mifare_classic_mifare_(nfc::NfcTagUid &uid) {
 }
 
 bool PN532::format_mifare_classic_ndef_(nfc::NfcTagUid &uid) {
-  std::vector<uint8_t> empty_ndef_message(
-      {0x03, 0x03, 0xD0, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00});
-  std::vector<uint8_t> blank_block(
-      {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00});
-  std::vector<uint8_t> block_1_data(
-      {0x14, 0x01, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1});
-  std::vector<uint8_t> block_2_data(
-      {0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1});
-  std::vector<uint8_t> block_3_trailer(
-      {0xA0, 0xA1, 0xA2, 0xA3, 0xA4, 0xA5, 0x78, 0x77, 0x88, 0xC1, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF});
-  std::vector<uint8_t> ndef_trailer(
-      {0xD3, 0xF7, 0xD3, 0xF7, 0xD3, 0xF7, 0x7F, 0x07, 0x88, 0x40, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF});
+  static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, nfc::MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCK_SIZE> EMPTY_NDEF_MESSAGE = {
+      0x03, 0x03, 0xD0, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, nfc::MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCK_SIZE> BLANK_BLOCK = {
+      0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, nfc::MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCK_SIZE> BLOCK_1_DATA = {
+      0x14, 0x01, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1};
+  static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, nfc::MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCK_SIZE> BLOCK_2_DATA = {
+      0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1};
+  static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, nfc::MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCK_SIZE> BLOCK_3_TRAILER = {
+      0xA0, 0xA1, 0xA2, 0xA3, 0xA4, 0xA5, 0x78, 0x77, 0x88, 0xC1, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF};
+  static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, nfc::MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCK_SIZE> NDEF_TRAILER = {
+      0xD3, 0xF7, 0xD3, 0xF7, 0xD3, 0xF7, 0x7F, 0x07, 0x88, 0x40, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF};
 
   if (!this->auth_mifare_classic_block_(uid, 0, nfc::MIFARE_CMD_AUTH_B, nfc::DEFAULT_KEY)) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unable to authenticate block 0 for formatting!");
     return false;
   }
-  if (!this->write_mifare_classic_block_(1, block_1_data))
+  if (!this->write_mifare_classic_block_(1, BLOCK_1_DATA.data(), BLOCK_1_DATA.size()))
     return false;
-  if (!this->write_mifare_classic_block_(2, block_2_data))
+  if (!this->write_mifare_classic_block_(2, BLOCK_2_DATA.data(), BLOCK_2_DATA.size()))
     return false;
-  if (!this->write_mifare_classic_block_(3, block_3_trailer))
+  if (!this->write_mifare_classic_block_(3, BLOCK_3_TRAILER.data(), BLOCK_3_TRAILER.size()))
     return false;
 
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Sector 0 formatted to NDEF");
@@ -172,36 +173,36 @@ bool PN532::format_mifare_classic_ndef_(nfc::NfcTagUid &uid) {
       return false;
     }
     if (block == 4) {
-      if (!this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block, empty_ndef_message)) {
+      if (!this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block, EMPTY_NDEF_MESSAGE.data(), EMPTY_NDEF_MESSAGE.size())) {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unable to write block %d", block);
       }
     } else {
-      if (!this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block, blank_block)) {
+      if (!this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block, BLANK_BLOCK.data(), BLANK_BLOCK.size())) {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unable to write block %d", block);
       }
     }
-    if (!this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block + 1, blank_block)) {
+    if (!this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block + 1, BLANK_BLOCK.data(), BLANK_BLOCK.size())) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unable to write block %d", block + 1);
     }
-    if (!this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block + 2, blank_block)) {
+    if (!this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block + 2, BLANK_BLOCK.data(), BLANK_BLOCK.size())) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unable to write block %d", block + 2);
     }
-    if (!this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block + 3, ndef_trailer)) {
+    if (!this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block + 3, NDEF_TRAILER.data(), NDEF_TRAILER.size())) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unable to write trailer block %d", block + 3);
     }
   }
   return true;
 }
 
-bool PN532::write_mifare_classic_block_(uint8_t block_num, std::vector<uint8_t> &write_data) {
-  std::vector<uint8_t> data({
+bool PN532::write_mifare_classic_block_(uint8_t block_num, const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> cmd({
       PN532_COMMAND_INDATAEXCHANGE,
       0x01,  // One card
       nfc::MIFARE_CMD_WRITE,
       block_num,
   });
-  data.insert(data.end(), write_data.begin(), write_data.end());
-  if (!this->write_command_(data)) {
+  cmd.insert(cmd.end(), data, data + len);
+  if (!this->write_command_(cmd)) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error writing block %d", block_num);
     return false;
   }
@@ -243,8 +244,7 @@ bool PN532::write_mifare_classic_tag_(nfc::NfcTagUid &uid, nfc::NdefMessage *mes
       }
     }
 
-    std::vector<uint8_t> data(encoded.begin() + index, encoded.begin() + index + nfc::MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCK_SIZE);
-    if (!this->write_mifare_classic_block_(current_block, data)) {
+    if (!this->write_mifare_classic_block_(current_block, encoded.data() + index, nfc::MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCK_SIZE)) {
       return false;
     }
     index += nfc::MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCK_SIZE;
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn532/pn532_mifare_ultralight.cpp b/esphome/components/pn532/pn532_mifare_ultralight.cpp
index 01e41df5c0..a8a8e2d573 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn532/pn532_mifare_ultralight.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pn532/pn532_mifare_ultralight.cpp
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#include <array>
 #include <memory>
 
 #include "pn532.h"
@@ -143,8 +144,7 @@ bool PN532::write_mifare_ultralight_tag_(nfc::NfcTagUid &uid, nfc::NdefMessage *
   uint8_t current_page = nfc::MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT_DATA_START_PAGE;
 
   while (index < buffer_length) {
-    std::vector<uint8_t> data(encoded.begin() + index, encoded.begin() + index + nfc::MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT_PAGE_SIZE);
-    if (!this->write_mifare_ultralight_page_(current_page, data)) {
+    if (!this->write_mifare_ultralight_page_(current_page, encoded.data() + index, nfc::MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT_PAGE_SIZE)) {
       return false;
     }
     index += nfc::MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT_PAGE_SIZE;
@@ -157,25 +157,25 @@ bool PN532::clean_mifare_ultralight_() {
   uint32_t capacity = this->read_mifare_ultralight_capacity_();
   uint8_t pages = (capacity / nfc::MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT_PAGE_SIZE) + nfc::MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT_DATA_START_PAGE;
 
-  std::vector<uint8_t> blank_data = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, nfc::MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT_PAGE_SIZE> BLANK_DATA = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
 
   for (int i = nfc::MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT_DATA_START_PAGE; i < pages; i++) {
-    if (!this->write_mifare_ultralight_page_(i, blank_data)) {
+    if (!this->write_mifare_ultralight_page_(i, BLANK_DATA.data(), BLANK_DATA.size())) {
       return false;
     }
   }
   return true;
 }
 
-bool PN532::write_mifare_ultralight_page_(uint8_t page_num, std::vector<uint8_t> &write_data) {
-  std::vector<uint8_t> data({
+bool PN532::write_mifare_ultralight_page_(uint8_t page_num, const uint8_t *write_data, size_t len) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> cmd({
       PN532_COMMAND_INDATAEXCHANGE,
       0x01,  // One card
       nfc::MIFARE_CMD_WRITE_ULTRALIGHT,
       page_num,
   });
-  data.insert(data.end(), write_data.begin(), write_data.end());
-  if (!this->write_command_(data)) {
+  cmd.insert(cmd.end(), write_data, write_data + len);
+  if (!this->write_command_(cmd)) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error writing page %u", page_num);
     return false;
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn7150/pn7150.h b/esphome/components/pn7150/pn7150.h
index a5dcef9f99..5feba17d21 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn7150/pn7150.h
+++ b/esphome/components/pn7150/pn7150.h
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ class PN7150 : public nfc::Nfcc, public Component {
 
   uint8_t read_mifare_classic_tag_(nfc::NfcTag &tag);
   uint8_t read_mifare_classic_block_(uint8_t block_num, std::vector<uint8_t> &data);
-  uint8_t write_mifare_classic_block_(uint8_t block_num, std::vector<uint8_t> &data);
+  uint8_t write_mifare_classic_block_(uint8_t block_num, const uint8_t *data, size_t len);
   uint8_t auth_mifare_classic_block_(uint8_t block_num, uint8_t key_num, const uint8_t *key);
   uint8_t sect_to_auth_(uint8_t block_num);
   uint8_t format_mifare_classic_mifare_();
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ class PN7150 : public nfc::Nfcc, public Component {
   uint16_t read_mifare_ultralight_capacity_();
   uint8_t find_mifare_ultralight_ndef_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &page_3_to_6, uint8_t &message_length,
                                        uint8_t &message_start_index);
-  uint8_t write_mifare_ultralight_page_(uint8_t page_num, std::vector<uint8_t> &write_data);
+  uint8_t write_mifare_ultralight_page_(uint8_t page_num, const uint8_t *write_data, size_t len);
   uint8_t write_mifare_ultralight_tag_(nfc::NfcTagUid &uid, const std::shared_ptr<nfc::NdefMessage> &message);
   uint8_t clean_mifare_ultralight_();
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn7150/pn7150_mifare_classic.cpp b/esphome/components/pn7150/pn7150_mifare_classic.cpp
index dee81b610a..61434cdb28 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn7150/pn7150_mifare_classic.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pn7150/pn7150_mifare_classic.cpp
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#include <array>
 #include <memory>
 
 #include "pn7150.h"
@@ -139,10 +140,10 @@ uint8_t PN7150::sect_to_auth_(const uint8_t block_num) {
 }
 
 uint8_t PN7150::format_mifare_classic_mifare_() {
-  std::vector<uint8_t> blank_buffer(
-      {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00});
-  std::vector<uint8_t> trailer_buffer(
-      {0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x07, 0x80, 0x69, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF});
+  static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, nfc::MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCK_SIZE> BLANK_BUFFER = {
+      0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, nfc::MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCK_SIZE> TRAILER_BUFFER = {
+      0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x07, 0x80, 0x69, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF};
 
   auto status = nfc::STATUS_OK;
 
@@ -151,20 +152,20 @@ uint8_t PN7150::format_mifare_classic_mifare_() {
       continue;
     }
     if (block != 0) {
-      if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block, blank_buffer) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
+      if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block, BLANK_BUFFER.data(), BLANK_BUFFER.size()) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unable to write block %u", block);
         status = nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
       }
     }
-    if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block + 1, blank_buffer) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
+    if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block + 1, BLANK_BUFFER.data(), BLANK_BUFFER.size()) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unable to write block %u", block + 1);
       status = nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
     }
-    if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block + 2, blank_buffer) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
+    if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block + 2, BLANK_BUFFER.data(), BLANK_BUFFER.size()) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unable to write block %u", block + 2);
       status = nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
     }
-    if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block + 3, trailer_buffer) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
+    if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block + 3, TRAILER_BUFFER.data(), TRAILER_BUFFER.size()) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unable to write block %u", block + 3);
       status = nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
     }
@@ -174,30 +175,30 @@ uint8_t PN7150::format_mifare_classic_mifare_() {
 }
 
 uint8_t PN7150::format_mifare_classic_ndef_() {
-  std::vector<uint8_t> empty_ndef_message(
-      {0x03, 0x03, 0xD0, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00});
-  std::vector<uint8_t> blank_block(
-      {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00});
-  std::vector<uint8_t> block_1_data(
-      {0x14, 0x01, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1});
-  std::vector<uint8_t> block_2_data(
-      {0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1});
-  std::vector<uint8_t> block_3_trailer(
-      {0xA0, 0xA1, 0xA2, 0xA3, 0xA4, 0xA5, 0x78, 0x77, 0x88, 0xC1, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF});
-  std::vector<uint8_t> ndef_trailer(
-      {0xD3, 0xF7, 0xD3, 0xF7, 0xD3, 0xF7, 0x7F, 0x07, 0x88, 0x40, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF});
+  static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, nfc::MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCK_SIZE> EMPTY_NDEF_MESSAGE = {
+      0x03, 0x03, 0xD0, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, nfc::MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCK_SIZE> BLANK_BLOCK = {
+      0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, nfc::MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCK_SIZE> BLOCK_1_DATA = {
+      0x14, 0x01, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1};
+  static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, nfc::MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCK_SIZE> BLOCK_2_DATA = {
+      0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1};
+  static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, nfc::MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCK_SIZE> BLOCK_3_TRAILER = {
+      0xA0, 0xA1, 0xA2, 0xA3, 0xA4, 0xA5, 0x78, 0x77, 0x88, 0xC1, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF};
+  static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, nfc::MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCK_SIZE> NDEF_TRAILER = {
+      0xD3, 0xF7, 0xD3, 0xF7, 0xD3, 0xF7, 0x7F, 0x07, 0x88, 0x40, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF};
 
   if (this->auth_mifare_classic_block_(0, nfc::MIFARE_CMD_AUTH_B, nfc::DEFAULT_KEY) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unable to authenticate block 0 for formatting");
     return nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
   }
-  if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(1, block_1_data) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
+  if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(1, BLOCK_1_DATA.data(), BLOCK_1_DATA.size()) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
     return nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
   }
-  if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(2, block_2_data) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
+  if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(2, BLOCK_2_DATA.data(), BLOCK_2_DATA.size()) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
     return nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
   }
-  if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(3, block_3_trailer) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
+  if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(3, BLOCK_3_TRAILER.data(), BLOCK_3_TRAILER.size()) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
     return nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
   }
 
@@ -210,25 +211,26 @@ uint8_t PN7150::format_mifare_classic_ndef_() {
       return nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
     }
     if (block == 4) {
-      if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block, empty_ndef_message) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
+      if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block, EMPTY_NDEF_MESSAGE.data(), EMPTY_NDEF_MESSAGE.size()) !=
+          nfc::STATUS_OK) {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unable to write block %u", block);
         status = nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
       }
     } else {
-      if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block, blank_block) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
+      if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block, BLANK_BLOCK.data(), BLANK_BLOCK.size()) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unable to write block %u", block);
         status = nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
       }
     }
-    if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block + 1, blank_block) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
+    if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block + 1, BLANK_BLOCK.data(), BLANK_BLOCK.size()) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unable to write block %u", block + 1);
       status = nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
     }
-    if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block + 2, blank_block) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
+    if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block + 2, BLANK_BLOCK.data(), BLANK_BLOCK.size()) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unable to write block %u", block + 2);
       status = nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
     }
-    if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block + 3, ndef_trailer) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
+    if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block + 3, NDEF_TRAILER.data(), NDEF_TRAILER.size()) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unable to write trailer block %u", block + 3);
       status = nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
     }
@@ -236,7 +238,7 @@ uint8_t PN7150::format_mifare_classic_ndef_() {
   return status;
 }
 
-uint8_t PN7150::write_mifare_classic_block_(uint8_t block_num, std::vector<uint8_t> &write_data) {
+uint8_t PN7150::write_mifare_classic_block_(uint8_t block_num, const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   nfc::NciMessage rx;
   nfc::NciMessage tx(nfc::NCI_PKT_MT_DATA, {XCHG_DATA_OID, nfc::MIFARE_CMD_WRITE, block_num});
 
@@ -248,7 +250,7 @@ uint8_t PN7150::write_mifare_classic_block_(uint8_t block_num, std::vector<uint8
   }
   // write command part two
   tx.set_payload({XCHG_DATA_OID});
-  tx.get_message().insert(tx.get_message().end(), write_data.begin(), write_data.end());
+  tx.get_message().insert(tx.get_message().end(), data, data + len);
 
   ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Write XCHG_DATA_REQ 2: %s", nfc::format_bytes_to(buf, tx.get_message()));
   if (this->transceive_(tx, rx, NFCC_TAG_WRITE_TIMEOUT) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
@@ -294,8 +296,8 @@ uint8_t PN7150::write_mifare_classic_tag_(const std::shared_ptr<nfc::NdefMessage
       }
     }
 
-    std::vector<uint8_t> data(encoded.begin() + index, encoded.begin() + index + nfc::MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCK_SIZE);
-    if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(current_block, data) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
+    if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(current_block, encoded.data() + index, nfc::MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCK_SIZE) !=
+        nfc::STATUS_OK) {
       return nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
     }
     index += nfc::MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCK_SIZE;
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn7150/pn7150_mifare_ultralight.cpp b/esphome/components/pn7150/pn7150_mifare_ultralight.cpp
index 166065f6c1..46f5dba2b7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn7150/pn7150_mifare_ultralight.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pn7150/pn7150_mifare_ultralight.cpp
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#include <array>
 #include <cinttypes>
 #include <memory>
 
@@ -144,8 +145,8 @@ uint8_t PN7150::write_mifare_ultralight_tag_(nfc::NfcTagUid &uid, const std::sha
   uint8_t current_page = nfc::MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT_DATA_START_PAGE;
 
   while (index < buffer_length) {
-    std::vector<uint8_t> data(encoded.begin() + index, encoded.begin() + index + nfc::MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT_PAGE_SIZE);
-    if (this->write_mifare_ultralight_page_(current_page, data) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
+    if (this->write_mifare_ultralight_page_(current_page, encoded.data() + index, nfc::MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT_PAGE_SIZE) !=
+        nfc::STATUS_OK) {
       return nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
     }
     index += nfc::MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT_PAGE_SIZE;
@@ -158,19 +159,19 @@ uint8_t PN7150::clean_mifare_ultralight_() {
   uint32_t capacity = this->read_mifare_ultralight_capacity_();
   uint8_t pages = (capacity / nfc::MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT_PAGE_SIZE) + nfc::MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT_DATA_START_PAGE;
 
-  std::vector<uint8_t> blank_data = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, nfc::MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT_PAGE_SIZE> BLANK_DATA = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
 
   for (int i = nfc::MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT_DATA_START_PAGE; i < pages; i++) {
-    if (this->write_mifare_ultralight_page_(i, blank_data) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
+    if (this->write_mifare_ultralight_page_(i, BLANK_DATA.data(), BLANK_DATA.size()) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
       return nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
     }
   }
   return nfc::STATUS_OK;
 }
 
-uint8_t PN7150::write_mifare_ultralight_page_(uint8_t page_num, std::vector<uint8_t> &write_data) {
+uint8_t PN7150::write_mifare_ultralight_page_(uint8_t page_num, const uint8_t *write_data, size_t len) {
   std::vector<uint8_t> payload = {nfc::MIFARE_CMD_WRITE_ULTRALIGHT, page_num};
-  payload.insert(payload.end(), write_data.begin(), write_data.end());
+  payload.insert(payload.end(), write_data, write_data + len);
 
   nfc::NciMessage rx;
   nfc::NciMessage tx(nfc::NCI_PKT_MT_DATA, payload);
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn7160/pn7160.h b/esphome/components/pn7160/pn7160.h
index 572fab3351..9f2d10c2d5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn7160/pn7160.h
+++ b/esphome/components/pn7160/pn7160.h
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ class PN7160 : public nfc::Nfcc, public Component {
 
   uint8_t read_mifare_classic_tag_(nfc::NfcTag &tag);
   uint8_t read_mifare_classic_block_(uint8_t block_num, std::vector<uint8_t> &data);
-  uint8_t write_mifare_classic_block_(uint8_t block_num, std::vector<uint8_t> &data);
+  uint8_t write_mifare_classic_block_(uint8_t block_num, const uint8_t *data, size_t len);
   uint8_t auth_mifare_classic_block_(uint8_t block_num, uint8_t key_num, const uint8_t *key);
   uint8_t sect_to_auth_(uint8_t block_num);
   uint8_t format_mifare_classic_mifare_();
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ class PN7160 : public nfc::Nfcc, public Component {
   uint16_t read_mifare_ultralight_capacity_();
   uint8_t find_mifare_ultralight_ndef_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &page_3_to_6, uint8_t &message_length,
                                        uint8_t &message_start_index);
-  uint8_t write_mifare_ultralight_page_(uint8_t page_num, std::vector<uint8_t> &write_data);
+  uint8_t write_mifare_ultralight_page_(uint8_t page_num, const uint8_t *write_data, size_t len);
   uint8_t write_mifare_ultralight_tag_(nfc::NfcTagUid &uid, const std::shared_ptr<nfc::NdefMessage> &message);
   uint8_t clean_mifare_ultralight_();
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn7160/pn7160_mifare_classic.cpp b/esphome/components/pn7160/pn7160_mifare_classic.cpp
index 57d2042eaa..710a7198c6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn7160/pn7160_mifare_classic.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pn7160/pn7160_mifare_classic.cpp
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#include <array>
 #include <memory>
 
 #include "pn7160.h"
@@ -139,10 +140,10 @@ uint8_t PN7160::sect_to_auth_(const uint8_t block_num) {
 }
 
 uint8_t PN7160::format_mifare_classic_mifare_() {
-  std::vector<uint8_t> blank_buffer(
-      {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00});
-  std::vector<uint8_t> trailer_buffer(
-      {0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x07, 0x80, 0x69, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF});
+  static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, nfc::MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCK_SIZE> BLANK_BUFFER = {
+      0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, nfc::MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCK_SIZE> TRAILER_BUFFER = {
+      0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x07, 0x80, 0x69, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF};
 
   auto status = nfc::STATUS_OK;
 
@@ -151,20 +152,20 @@ uint8_t PN7160::format_mifare_classic_mifare_() {
       continue;
     }
     if (block != 0) {
-      if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block, blank_buffer) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
+      if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block, BLANK_BUFFER.data(), BLANK_BUFFER.size()) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unable to write block %u", block);
         status = nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
       }
     }
-    if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block + 1, blank_buffer) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
+    if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block + 1, BLANK_BUFFER.data(), BLANK_BUFFER.size()) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unable to write block %u", block + 1);
       status = nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
     }
-    if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block + 2, blank_buffer) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
+    if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block + 2, BLANK_BUFFER.data(), BLANK_BUFFER.size()) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unable to write block %u", block + 2);
       status = nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
     }
-    if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block + 3, trailer_buffer) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
+    if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block + 3, TRAILER_BUFFER.data(), TRAILER_BUFFER.size()) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unable to write block %u", block + 3);
       status = nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
     }
@@ -174,30 +175,30 @@ uint8_t PN7160::format_mifare_classic_mifare_() {
 }
 
 uint8_t PN7160::format_mifare_classic_ndef_() {
-  std::vector<uint8_t> empty_ndef_message(
-      {0x03, 0x03, 0xD0, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00});
-  std::vector<uint8_t> blank_block(
-      {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00});
-  std::vector<uint8_t> block_1_data(
-      {0x14, 0x01, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1});
-  std::vector<uint8_t> block_2_data(
-      {0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1});
-  std::vector<uint8_t> block_3_trailer(
-      {0xA0, 0xA1, 0xA2, 0xA3, 0xA4, 0xA5, 0x78, 0x77, 0x88, 0xC1, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF});
-  std::vector<uint8_t> ndef_trailer(
-      {0xD3, 0xF7, 0xD3, 0xF7, 0xD3, 0xF7, 0x7F, 0x07, 0x88, 0x40, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF});
+  static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, nfc::MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCK_SIZE> EMPTY_NDEF_MESSAGE = {
+      0x03, 0x03, 0xD0, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, nfc::MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCK_SIZE> BLANK_BLOCK = {
+      0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, nfc::MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCK_SIZE> BLOCK_1_DATA = {
+      0x14, 0x01, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1};
+  static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, nfc::MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCK_SIZE> BLOCK_2_DATA = {
+      0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1, 0x03, 0xE1};
+  static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, nfc::MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCK_SIZE> BLOCK_3_TRAILER = {
+      0xA0, 0xA1, 0xA2, 0xA3, 0xA4, 0xA5, 0x78, 0x77, 0x88, 0xC1, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF};
+  static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, nfc::MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCK_SIZE> NDEF_TRAILER = {
+      0xD3, 0xF7, 0xD3, 0xF7, 0xD3, 0xF7, 0x7F, 0x07, 0x88, 0x40, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF};
 
   if (this->auth_mifare_classic_block_(0, nfc::MIFARE_CMD_AUTH_B, nfc::DEFAULT_KEY) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unable to authenticate block 0 for formatting");
     return nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
   }
-  if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(1, block_1_data) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
+  if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(1, BLOCK_1_DATA.data(), BLOCK_1_DATA.size()) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
     return nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
   }
-  if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(2, block_2_data) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
+  if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(2, BLOCK_2_DATA.data(), BLOCK_2_DATA.size()) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
     return nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
   }
-  if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(3, block_3_trailer) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
+  if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(3, BLOCK_3_TRAILER.data(), BLOCK_3_TRAILER.size()) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
     return nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
   }
 
@@ -210,25 +211,26 @@ uint8_t PN7160::format_mifare_classic_ndef_() {
       return nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
     }
     if (block == 4) {
-      if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block, empty_ndef_message) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
+      if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block, EMPTY_NDEF_MESSAGE.data(), EMPTY_NDEF_MESSAGE.size()) !=
+          nfc::STATUS_OK) {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unable to write block %u", block);
         status = nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
       }
     } else {
-      if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block, blank_block) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
+      if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block, BLANK_BLOCK.data(), BLANK_BLOCK.size()) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unable to write block %u", block);
         status = nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
       }
     }
-    if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block + 1, blank_block) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
+    if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block + 1, BLANK_BLOCK.data(), BLANK_BLOCK.size()) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unable to write block %u", block + 1);
       status = nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
     }
-    if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block + 2, blank_block) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
+    if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block + 2, BLANK_BLOCK.data(), BLANK_BLOCK.size()) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unable to write block %u", block + 2);
       status = nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
     }
-    if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block + 3, ndef_trailer) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
+    if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(block + 3, NDEF_TRAILER.data(), NDEF_TRAILER.size()) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unable to write trailer block %u", block + 3);
       status = nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
     }
@@ -236,7 +238,7 @@ uint8_t PN7160::format_mifare_classic_ndef_() {
   return status;
 }
 
-uint8_t PN7160::write_mifare_classic_block_(uint8_t block_num, std::vector<uint8_t> &write_data) {
+uint8_t PN7160::write_mifare_classic_block_(uint8_t block_num, const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   nfc::NciMessage rx;
   nfc::NciMessage tx(nfc::NCI_PKT_MT_DATA, {XCHG_DATA_OID, nfc::MIFARE_CMD_WRITE, block_num});
   char buf[nfc::FORMAT_BYTES_BUFFER_SIZE];
@@ -248,7 +250,7 @@ uint8_t PN7160::write_mifare_classic_block_(uint8_t block_num, std::vector<uint8
   }
   // write command part two
   tx.set_payload({XCHG_DATA_OID});
-  tx.get_message().insert(tx.get_message().end(), write_data.begin(), write_data.end());
+  tx.get_message().insert(tx.get_message().end(), data, data + len);
 
   ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Write XCHG_DATA_REQ 2: %s", nfc::format_bytes_to(buf, tx.get_message()));
   if (this->transceive_(tx, rx, NFCC_TAG_WRITE_TIMEOUT) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
@@ -294,8 +296,8 @@ uint8_t PN7160::write_mifare_classic_tag_(const std::shared_ptr<nfc::NdefMessage
       }
     }
 
-    std::vector<uint8_t> data(encoded.begin() + index, encoded.begin() + index + nfc::MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCK_SIZE);
-    if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(current_block, data) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
+    if (this->write_mifare_classic_block_(current_block, encoded.data() + index, nfc::MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCK_SIZE) !=
+        nfc::STATUS_OK) {
       return nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
     }
     index += nfc::MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCK_SIZE;
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn7160/pn7160_mifare_ultralight.cpp b/esphome/components/pn7160/pn7160_mifare_ultralight.cpp
index c473ff48d9..9dc8d3dd2d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn7160/pn7160_mifare_ultralight.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pn7160/pn7160_mifare_ultralight.cpp
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#include <array>
 #include <cinttypes>
 #include <memory>
 
@@ -144,8 +145,8 @@ uint8_t PN7160::write_mifare_ultralight_tag_(nfc::NfcTagUid &uid, const std::sha
   uint8_t current_page = nfc::MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT_DATA_START_PAGE;
 
   while (index < buffer_length) {
-    std::vector<uint8_t> data(encoded.begin() + index, encoded.begin() + index + nfc::MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT_PAGE_SIZE);
-    if (this->write_mifare_ultralight_page_(current_page, data) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
+    if (this->write_mifare_ultralight_page_(current_page, encoded.data() + index, nfc::MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT_PAGE_SIZE) !=
+        nfc::STATUS_OK) {
       return nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
     }
     index += nfc::MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT_PAGE_SIZE;
@@ -158,19 +159,19 @@ uint8_t PN7160::clean_mifare_ultralight_() {
   uint32_t capacity = this->read_mifare_ultralight_capacity_();
   uint8_t pages = (capacity / nfc::MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT_PAGE_SIZE) + nfc::MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT_DATA_START_PAGE;
 
-  std::vector<uint8_t> blank_data = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  static constexpr std::array<uint8_t, nfc::MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT_PAGE_SIZE> BLANK_DATA = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
 
   for (int i = nfc::MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT_DATA_START_PAGE; i < pages; i++) {
-    if (this->write_mifare_ultralight_page_(i, blank_data) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
+    if (this->write_mifare_ultralight_page_(i, BLANK_DATA.data(), BLANK_DATA.size()) != nfc::STATUS_OK) {
       return nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
     }
   }
   return nfc::STATUS_OK;
 }
 
-uint8_t PN7160::write_mifare_ultralight_page_(uint8_t page_num, std::vector<uint8_t> &write_data) {
+uint8_t PN7160::write_mifare_ultralight_page_(uint8_t page_num, const uint8_t *write_data, size_t len) {
   std::vector<uint8_t> payload = {nfc::MIFARE_CMD_WRITE_ULTRALIGHT, page_num};
-  payload.insert(payload.end(), write_data.begin(), write_data.end());
+  payload.insert(payload.end(), write_data, write_data + len);
 
   nfc::NciMessage rx;
   nfc::NciMessage tx(nfc::NCI_PKT_MT_DATA, payload);

From 931b47673c49e3f29324290b52d591aacab5faed Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 13 Feb 2026 16:22:26 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 022/609] Bump github/codeql-action from 4.32.2 to 4.32.3
 (#13981)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .github/workflows/codeql.yml | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeql.yml b/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
index 51ea4085e0..376825bad6 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ jobs:
 
       # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
       - name: Initialize CodeQL
-        uses: github/codeql-action/init@45cbd0c69e560cd9e7cd7f8c32362050c9b7ded2 # v4.32.2
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@9e907b5e64f6b83e7804b09294d44122997950d6 # v4.32.3
         with:
           languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
           build-mode: ${{ matrix.build-mode }}
@@ -86,6 +86,6 @@ jobs:
           exit 1
 
       - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@45cbd0c69e560cd9e7cd7f8c32362050c9b7ded2 # v4.32.2
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@9e907b5e64f6b83e7804b09294d44122997950d6 # v4.32.3
         with:
           category: "/language:${{matrix.language}}"

From 36776b40c2010b6635c9bad297e4985c9db4cbcb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 14 Feb 2026 08:21:04 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 023/609] [wifi] Fix ESP8266 DHCP state corruption from
 premature dhcp_renew() (#13983)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .../components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp    | 15 ++++-----------
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
index c87345f0bf..cbf7d7d80f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
@@ -216,23 +216,16 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_apply_hostname_() {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Set hostname failed");
   }
 
-  // inform dhcp server of hostname change using dhcp_renew()
+  // Update hostname on all lwIP interfaces so DHCP packets include it.
+  // lwIP includes the hostname in DHCP DISCOVER/REQUEST automatically
+  // via LWIP_NETIF_HOSTNAME — no dhcp_renew() needed. The hostname is
+  // fixed at compile time and never changes at runtime.
   for (netif *intf = netif_list; intf; intf = intf->next) {
-    // unconditionally update all known interfaces
 #if LWIP_VERSION_MAJOR == 1
     intf->hostname = (char *) wifi_station_get_hostname();
 #else
     intf->hostname = wifi_station_get_hostname();
 #endif
-    if (netif_dhcp_data(intf) != nullptr) {
-      // renew already started DHCP leases
-      err_t lwipret = dhcp_renew(intf);
-      if (lwipret != ERR_OK) {
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "wifi_apply_hostname_(%s): lwIP error %d on interface %c%c (index %d)", intf->hostname,
-                 (int) lwipret, intf->name[0], intf->name[1], intf->num);
-        ret = false;
-      }
-    }
   }
 
   return ret;

From 5a6d64814a3a5f51f6e238620938416523947e94 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AndreKR <haensel@creations.de>
Date: Sat, 14 Feb 2026 18:08:26 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 024/609] [http_request] Improve TLS logging on ESP8266
 (#13985)

---
 .../http_request/http_request_arduino.cpp     | 44 ++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 42 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.cpp b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.cpp
index aee1f651bf..e5b919e380 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.cpp
@@ -9,9 +9,20 @@
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
+// Include BearSSL error constants for TLS failure diagnostics
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+#include <bearssl/bearssl_ssl.h>
+#endif
+
 namespace esphome::http_request {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "http_request.arduino";
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+static constexpr int RX_BUFFER_SIZE = 512;
+static constexpr int TX_BUFFER_SIZE = 512;
+// ESP8266 Arduino core (WiFiClientSecureBearSSL.cpp) returns -1000 on OOM
+static constexpr int ESP8266_SSL_ERR_OOM = -1000;
+#endif
 
 std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestArduino::perform(const std::string &url, const std::string &method,
                                                            const std::string &body,
@@ -47,7 +58,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestArduino::perform(const std::string &ur
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "ESP8266 HTTPS connection with WiFiClientSecure");
     stream_ptr = std::make_unique<WiFiClientSecure>();
     WiFiClientSecure *secure_client = static_cast<WiFiClientSecure *>(stream_ptr.get());
-    secure_client->setBufferSizes(512, 512);
+    secure_client->setBufferSizes(RX_BUFFER_SIZE, TX_BUFFER_SIZE);
     secure_client->setInsecure();
   } else {
     stream_ptr = std::make_unique<WiFiClient>();
@@ -107,13 +118,42 @@ std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestArduino::perform(const std::string &ur
   container->status_code = container->client_.sendRequest(method.c_str(), body.c_str());
   App.feed_wdt();
   if (container->status_code < 0) {
+#if defined(USE_ESP8266) && defined(USE_HTTP_REQUEST_ESP8266_HTTPS)
+    if (secure) {
+      WiFiClientSecure *secure_client = static_cast<WiFiClientSecure *>(stream_ptr.get());
+      int last_error = secure_client->getLastSSLError();
+
+      if (last_error != 0) {
+        const LogString *error_msg;
+        switch (last_error) {
+          case ESP8266_SSL_ERR_OOM:
+            error_msg = LOG_STR("Unable to allocate buffer memory");
+            break;
+          case BR_ERR_TOO_LARGE:
+            error_msg = LOG_STR("Incoming TLS record does not fit in receive buffer (BR_ERR_TOO_LARGE)");
+            break;
+          default:
+            error_msg = LOG_STR("Unknown SSL error");
+            break;
+        }
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "SSL failure: %s (Code: %d)", LOG_STR_ARG(error_msg), last_error);
+        if (last_error == ESP8266_SSL_ERR_OOM) {
+          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Heap free: %u bytes, configured buffer sizes: %u bytes", ESP.getFreeHeap(),
+                   static_cast<unsigned int>(RX_BUFFER_SIZE + TX_BUFFER_SIZE));
+        }
+      } else {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Connection failure with no error code");
+      }
+    }
+#endif
+
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "HTTP Request failed; URL: %s; Error: %s", url.c_str(),
              HTTPClient::errorToString(container->status_code).c_str());
+
     this->status_momentary_error("failed", 1000);
     container->end();
     return nullptr;
   }
-
   if (!is_success(container->status_code)) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "HTTP Request failed; URL: %s; Code: %d", url.c_str(), container->status_code);
     this->status_momentary_error("failed", 1000);

From 38404b2013f031c921ac43cbec4f3d4b898deccf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 14 Feb 2026 15:11:17 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 025/609] Bump ruff from 0.15.0 to 0.15.1 (#13980)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@home-assistant.io>
---
 .pre-commit-config.yaml | 2 +-
 requirements_test.txt   | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 991e053d5a..6d89060b0d 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ ci:
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
     # Ruff version.
-    rev: v0.15.0
+    rev: v0.15.1
     hooks:
       # Run the linter.
       - id: ruff
diff --git a/requirements_test.txt b/requirements_test.txt
index 2cf6f6456e..9e99855f6f 100644
--- a/requirements_test.txt
+++ b/requirements_test.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 pylint==4.0.4
 flake8==7.3.0  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
-ruff==0.15.0  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
+ruff==0.15.1  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
 pyupgrade==3.21.2  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
 pre-commit
 

From f48c8a64443e56e06f90271cbfd8d0e67116093d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 15 Feb 2026 12:11:36 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 026/609] [combination] Fix 'coeffecient' typo with
 backward-compatible deprecation (#14004)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .../components/combination/combination.cpp    |  2 +-
 esphome/components/combination/sensor.py      | 46 +++++++++++++++----
 tests/components/combination/common.yaml      |  4 +-
 3 files changed, 40 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/combination/combination.cpp b/esphome/components/combination/combination.cpp
index 716d270390..ece7cca482 100644
--- a/esphome/components/combination/combination.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/combination/combination.cpp
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ void LinearCombinationComponent::setup() {
 }
 
 void LinearCombinationComponent::handle_new_value(float value) {
-  // Multiplies each sensor state by a configured coeffecient and then sums
+  // Multiplies each sensor state by a configured coefficient and then sums
 
   if (!std::isfinite(value))
     return;
diff --git a/esphome/components/combination/sensor.py b/esphome/components/combination/sensor.py
index f5255fec03..0204162e8d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/combination/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/combination/sensor.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import logging
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -15,6 +17,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
 
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 CODEOWNERS = ["@Cat-Ion", "@kahrendt"]
 
 combination_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("combination")
@@ -47,7 +51,8 @@ SumCombinationComponent = combination_ns.class_(
     "SumCombinationComponent", cg.Component, sensor.Sensor
 )
 
-CONF_COEFFECIENT = "coeffecient"
+CONF_COEFFICIENT = "coefficient"
+CONF_COEFFECIENT = "coeffecient"  # Deprecated, remove before 2026.12.0
 CONF_ERROR = "error"
 CONF_KALMAN = "kalman"
 CONF_LINEAR = "linear"
@@ -68,11 +73,34 @@ KALMAN_SOURCE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     }
 )
 
-LINEAR_SOURCE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
-    {
-        cv.Required(CONF_SOURCE): cv.use_id(sensor.Sensor),
-        cv.Required(CONF_COEFFECIENT): cv.templatable(cv.float_),
-    }
+
+def _migrate_coeffecient(config):
+    """Migrate deprecated 'coeffecient' spelling to 'coefficient'."""
+    if CONF_COEFFECIENT in config:
+        if CONF_COEFFICIENT in config:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Cannot specify both '{CONF_COEFFICIENT}' and '{CONF_COEFFECIENT}'"
+            )
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "'%s' is deprecated, use '%s' instead. Will be removed in 2026.12.0",
+            CONF_COEFFECIENT,
+            CONF_COEFFICIENT,
+        )
+        config[CONF_COEFFICIENT] = config.pop(CONF_COEFFECIENT)
+    elif CONF_COEFFICIENT not in config:
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"'{CONF_COEFFICIENT}' is a required option")
+    return config
+
+
+LINEAR_SOURCE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_SOURCE): cv.use_id(sensor.Sensor),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_COEFFICIENT): cv.templatable(cv.float_),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_COEFFECIENT): cv.templatable(cv.float_),
+        }
+    ),
+    _migrate_coeffecient,
 )
 
 SENSOR_ONLY_SOURCE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
@@ -162,12 +190,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
             )
             cg.add(var.add_source(source, error))
         elif config[CONF_TYPE] == CONF_LINEAR:
-            coeffecient = await cg.templatable(
-                source_conf[CONF_COEFFECIENT],
+            coefficient = await cg.templatable(
+                source_conf[CONF_COEFFICIENT],
                 [(float, "x")],
                 cg.float_,
             )
-            cg.add(var.add_source(source, coeffecient))
+            cg.add(var.add_source(source, coefficient))
         else:
             cg.add(var.add_source(source))
 
diff --git a/tests/components/combination/common.yaml b/tests/components/combination/common.yaml
index 0e5d512d08..5d46419399 100644
--- a/tests/components/combination/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/combination/common.yaml
@@ -27,9 +27,9 @@ sensor:
     name: Linearly combined temperatures
     sources:
       - source: template_temperature1
-        coeffecient: !lambda "return 0.4 + std::abs(x - 25) * 0.023;"
+        coefficient: !lambda "return 0.4 + std::abs(x - 25) * 0.023;"
       - source: template_temperature2
-        coeffecient: 1.5
+        coefficient: 1.5
   - platform: combination
     type: max
     name: Max of combined temperatures

From 0f4dc6702df0d9646cfd28d85ae86a34bc2f6b6d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 15 Feb 2026 12:11:50 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 027/609] [fan] Fix preset_mode not restored on boot (#14002)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/fan/fan.cpp                   |  8 +++++++-
 esphome/components/fan/fan.h                     |  4 +++-
 esphome/components/hbridge/fan/hbridge_fan.cpp   |  8 ++++----
 esphome/components/speed/fan/speed_fan.cpp       |  8 ++++----
 esphome/components/template/fan/template_fan.cpp | 10 +++++-----
 5 files changed, 23 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/fan/fan.cpp b/esphome/components/fan/fan.cpp
index d70a2940bc..c1e0a3dc2e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/fan/fan.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/fan/fan.cpp
@@ -221,12 +221,17 @@ void Fan::publish_state() {
 }
 
 // Random 32-bit value, change this every time the layout of the FanRestoreState struct changes.
-constexpr uint32_t RESTORE_STATE_VERSION = 0x71700ABA;
+constexpr uint32_t RESTORE_STATE_VERSION = 0x71700ABB;
 optional<FanRestoreState> Fan::restore_state_() {
   FanRestoreState recovered{};
   this->rtc_ = this->make_entity_preference<FanRestoreState>(RESTORE_STATE_VERSION);
   bool restored = this->rtc_.load(&recovered);
 
+  if (!restored) {
+    // No valid saved data; ensure preset_mode sentinel is set
+    recovered.preset_mode = FanRestoreState::NO_PRESET;
+  }
+
   switch (this->restore_mode_) {
     case FanRestoreMode::NO_RESTORE:
       return {};
@@ -264,6 +269,7 @@ void Fan::save_state_() {
   state.oscillating = this->oscillating;
   state.speed = this->speed;
   state.direction = this->direction;
+  state.preset_mode = FanRestoreState::NO_PRESET;
 
   if (this->has_preset_mode()) {
     const auto &preset_modes = traits.supported_preset_modes();
diff --git a/esphome/components/fan/fan.h b/esphome/components/fan/fan.h
index 55d4ba8825..2caf3a712a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/fan/fan.h
+++ b/esphome/components/fan/fan.h
@@ -91,11 +91,13 @@ class FanCall {
 };
 
 struct FanRestoreState {
+  static constexpr uint8_t NO_PRESET = UINT8_MAX;
+
   bool state;
   int speed;
   bool oscillating;
   FanDirection direction;
-  uint8_t preset_mode;
+  uint8_t preset_mode{NO_PRESET};
 
   /// Convert this struct to a fan call that can be performed.
   FanCall to_call(Fan &fan);
diff --git a/esphome/components/hbridge/fan/hbridge_fan.cpp b/esphome/components/hbridge/fan/hbridge_fan.cpp
index 9bf58f9d1e..38e4129e66 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hbridge/fan/hbridge_fan.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/hbridge/fan/hbridge_fan.cpp
@@ -28,15 +28,15 @@ fan::FanCall HBridgeFan::brake() {
 }
 
 void HBridgeFan::setup() {
+  // Construct traits before restore so preset modes can be looked up by index
+  this->traits_ = fan::FanTraits(this->oscillating_ != nullptr, true, true, this->speed_count_);
+  this->traits_.set_supported_preset_modes(this->preset_modes_);
+
   auto restore = this->restore_state_();
   if (restore.has_value()) {
     restore->apply(*this);
     this->write_state_();
   }
-
-  // Construct traits
-  this->traits_ = fan::FanTraits(this->oscillating_ != nullptr, true, true, this->speed_count_);
-  this->traits_.set_supported_preset_modes(this->preset_modes_);
 }
 
 void HBridgeFan::dump_config() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/speed/fan/speed_fan.cpp b/esphome/components/speed/fan/speed_fan.cpp
index af98e3a51f..55f7fd162c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/speed/fan/speed_fan.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/speed/fan/speed_fan.cpp
@@ -7,15 +7,15 @@ namespace speed {
 static const char *const TAG = "speed.fan";
 
 void SpeedFan::setup() {
+  // Construct traits before restore so preset modes can be looked up by index
+  this->traits_ = fan::FanTraits(this->oscillating_ != nullptr, true, this->direction_ != nullptr, this->speed_count_);
+  this->traits_.set_supported_preset_modes(this->preset_modes_);
+
   auto restore = this->restore_state_();
   if (restore.has_value()) {
     restore->apply(*this);
     this->write_state_();
   }
-
-  // Construct traits
-  this->traits_ = fan::FanTraits(this->oscillating_ != nullptr, true, this->direction_ != nullptr, this->speed_count_);
-  this->traits_.set_supported_preset_modes(this->preset_modes_);
 }
 
 void SpeedFan::dump_config() { LOG_FAN("", "Speed Fan", this); }
diff --git a/esphome/components/template/fan/template_fan.cpp b/esphome/components/template/fan/template_fan.cpp
index 0e1920a984..cd267bd552 100644
--- a/esphome/components/template/fan/template_fan.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/template/fan/template_fan.cpp
@@ -6,15 +6,15 @@ namespace esphome::template_ {
 static const char *const TAG = "template.fan";
 
 void TemplateFan::setup() {
+  // Construct traits before restore so preset modes can be looked up by index
+  this->traits_ =
+      fan::FanTraits(this->has_oscillating_, this->speed_count_ > 0, this->has_direction_, this->speed_count_);
+  this->traits_.set_supported_preset_modes(this->preset_modes_);
+
   auto restore = this->restore_state_();
   if (restore.has_value()) {
     restore->apply(*this);
   }
-
-  // Construct traits
-  this->traits_ =
-      fan::FanTraits(this->has_oscillating_, this->speed_count_ > 0, this->has_direction_, this->speed_count_);
-  this->traits_.set_supported_preset_modes(this->preset_modes_);
 }
 
 void TemplateFan::dump_config() { LOG_FAN("", "Template Fan", this); }

From 6303bc3e355bd73c22658a2745d8d5e19e195755 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 15 Feb 2026 13:23:06 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 028/609] [esp32_rmt] Handle ESP32 variants without RMT
 hardware (#14001)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/esp32_rmt/__init__.py      | 22 +++++
 .../components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/light.py   |  6 +-
 esphome/components/remote_base/remote_base.h  |  5 +-
 .../components/remote_receiver/__init__.py    | 41 +++++++-
 .../remote_receiver/remote_receiver.cpp       |  2 +-
 .../remote_receiver/remote_receiver.h         | 17 ++--
 .../remote_receiver/remote_receiver_esp32.cpp |  5 +-
 .../components/remote_transmitter/__init__.py | 93 ++++++++++++-------
 .../remote_transmitter/automation.h           |  6 +-
 .../remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter.cpp |  8 +-
 .../remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter.h   | 21 +++--
 .../remote_transmitter_esp32.cpp              | 11 ++-
 .../remote_receiver/test.esp32-c2-idf.yaml    | 12 +++
 .../remote_transmitter/test.esp32-c2-idf.yaml |  7 ++
 14 files changed, 181 insertions(+), 75 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/components/remote_receiver/test.esp32-c2-idf.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/components/remote_transmitter/test.esp32-c2-idf.yaml

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_rmt/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32_rmt/__init__.py
index 272c7c81ba..1076bcabdc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_rmt/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_rmt/__init__.py
@@ -1,8 +1,30 @@
 from esphome.components import esp32
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.core import CORE
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
 
+VARIANTS_NO_RMT = {esp32.VARIANT_ESP32C2, esp32.VARIANT_ESP32C61}
+
+
+def validate_rmt_not_supported(rmt_only_keys):
+    """Validate that RMT-only config keys are not used on variants without RMT hardware."""
+    rmt_only_keys = set(rmt_only_keys)
+
+    def _validator(config):
+        if CORE.is_esp32:
+            variant = esp32.get_esp32_variant()
+            if variant in VARIANTS_NO_RMT:
+                unsupported = rmt_only_keys.intersection(config)
+                if unsupported:
+                    keys = ", ".join(sorted(f"'{k}'" for k in unsupported))
+                    raise cv.Invalid(
+                        f"{keys} not available on {variant} (no RMT hardware)"
+                    )
+        return config
+
+    return _validator
+
 
 def validate_clock_resolution():
     def _validator(value):
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/light.py b/esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/light.py
index 6d41f6b5b8..1c6943b003 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/light.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/light.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import logging
 
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32, light
+from esphome.components import esp32, esp32_rmt, light
 from esphome.components.const import CONF_USE_PSRAM
 from esphome.components.esp32 import include_builtin_idf_component
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -71,6 +71,10 @@ CONF_RESET_LOW = "reset_low"
 
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    esp32.only_on_variant(
+        unsupported=list(esp32_rmt.VARIANTS_NO_RMT),
+        msg_prefix="ESP32 RMT LED strip",
+    ),
     light.ADDRESSABLE_LIGHT_SCHEMA.extend(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(CONF_OUTPUT_ID): cv.declare_id(ESP32RMTLEDStripLightOutput),
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_base/remote_base.h b/esphome/components/remote_base/remote_base.h
index 0cac28506f..d73fff2b0a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_base/remote_base.h
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_base/remote_base.h
@@ -119,6 +119,8 @@ class RemoteComponentBase {
 };
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
+#include <soc/soc_caps.h>
+#if SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED
 class RemoteRMTChannel {
  public:
   void set_clock_resolution(uint32_t clock_resolution) { this->clock_resolution_ = clock_resolution; }
@@ -137,7 +139,8 @@ class RemoteRMTChannel {
   uint32_t clock_resolution_{1000000};
   uint32_t rmt_symbols_;
 };
-#endif
+#endif  // SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED
+#endif  // USE_ESP32
 
 class RemoteTransmitterBase : public RemoteComponentBase {
  public:
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_receiver/__init__.py b/esphome/components/remote_receiver/__init__.py
index b3dc213c5f..362f6e99db 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_receiver/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_receiver/__init__.py
@@ -65,6 +65,8 @@ RemoteReceiverComponent = remote_receiver_ns.class_(
 def validate_config(config):
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         variant = esp32.get_esp32_variant()
+        if variant in esp32_rmt.VARIANTS_NO_RMT:
+            return config
         if variant in (esp32.VARIANT_ESP32, esp32.VARIANT_ESP32S2):
             max_idle = 65535
         else:
@@ -110,6 +112,8 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = remote_base.validate_triggers(
             cv.SplitDefault(
                 CONF_BUFFER_SIZE,
                 esp32="10000b",
+                esp32_c2="1000b",
+                esp32_c61="1000b",
                 esp8266="1000b",
                 bk72xx="1000b",
                 ln882x="1000b",
@@ -131,9 +135,11 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = remote_base.validate_triggers(
             cv.SplitDefault(
                 CONF_RMT_SYMBOLS,
                 esp32=192,
+                esp32_c2=cv.UNDEFINED,
                 esp32_c3=96,
                 esp32_c5=96,
                 esp32_c6=96,
+                esp32_c61=cv.UNDEFINED,
                 esp32_h2=96,
                 esp32_p4=192,
                 esp32_s2=192,
@@ -145,6 +151,8 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = remote_base.validate_triggers(
             cv.SplitDefault(
                 CONF_RECEIVE_SYMBOLS,
                 esp32=192,
+                esp32_c2=cv.UNDEFINED,
+                esp32_c61=cv.UNDEFINED,
             ): cv.All(cv.only_on_esp32, cv.int_range(min=2)),
             cv.Optional(CONF_USE_DMA): cv.All(
                 esp32.only_on_variant(
@@ -152,24 +160,45 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = remote_base.validate_triggers(
                 ),
                 cv.boolean,
             ),
-            cv.SplitDefault(CONF_CARRIER_DUTY_PERCENT, esp32=100): cv.All(
+            cv.SplitDefault(
+                CONF_CARRIER_DUTY_PERCENT,
+                esp32=100,
+                esp32_c2=cv.UNDEFINED,
+                esp32_c61=cv.UNDEFINED,
+            ): cv.All(
                 cv.only_on_esp32,
                 cv.percentage_int,
                 cv.Range(min=1, max=100),
             ),
-            cv.SplitDefault(CONF_CARRIER_FREQUENCY, esp32="0Hz"): cv.All(
-                cv.only_on_esp32, cv.frequency, cv.int_
-            ),
+            cv.SplitDefault(
+                CONF_CARRIER_FREQUENCY,
+                esp32="0Hz",
+                esp32_c2=cv.UNDEFINED,
+                esp32_c61=cv.UNDEFINED,
+            ): cv.All(cv.only_on_esp32, cv.frequency, cv.int_),
         }
     )
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .add_extra(
+        esp32_rmt.validate_rmt_not_supported(
+            [
+                CONF_CLOCK_RESOLUTION,
+                CONF_USE_DMA,
+                CONF_RMT_SYMBOLS,
+                CONF_FILTER_SYMBOLS,
+                CONF_RECEIVE_SYMBOLS,
+                CONF_CARRIER_DUTY_PERCENT,
+                CONF_CARRIER_FREQUENCY,
+            ]
+        )
+    )
     .add_extra(validate_config)
 )
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
     pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_PIN])
-    if CORE.is_esp32:
+    if CORE.is_esp32 and esp32.get_esp32_variant() not in esp32_rmt.VARIANTS_NO_RMT:
         # Re-enable ESP-IDF's RMT driver (excluded by default to save compile time)
         esp32.include_builtin_idf_component("esp_driver_rmt")
 
@@ -213,6 +242,8 @@ FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
             PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
         },
         "remote_receiver.cpp": {
+            PlatformFramework.ESP32_ARDUINO,
+            PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
             PlatformFramework.ESP8266_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.RTL87XX_ARDUINO,
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver.cpp
index de47457dac..d59ee63695 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver.cpp
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#if defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040)
+#if defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040) || (defined(USE_ESP32) && !SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED)
 
 namespace esphome::remote_receiver {
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver.h b/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver.h
index 3d9199a904..5da9283a6e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver.h
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver.h
@@ -6,12 +6,15 @@
 #include <cinttypes>
 
 #if defined(USE_ESP32)
+#include <soc/soc_caps.h>
+#if SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED
 #include <driver/rmt_rx.h>
-#endif
+#endif  // SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED
+#endif  // USE_ESP32
 
 namespace esphome::remote_receiver {
 
-#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_RP2040)
+#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_RP2040) || (defined(USE_ESP32) && !SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED)
 struct RemoteReceiverComponentStore {
   static void gpio_intr(RemoteReceiverComponentStore *arg);
 
@@ -35,7 +38,7 @@ struct RemoteReceiverComponentStore {
   volatile bool prev_level{false};
   volatile bool overflow{false};
 };
-#elif defined(USE_ESP32)
+#elif defined(USE_ESP32) && SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED
 struct RemoteReceiverComponentStore {
   /// Stores RMT symbols and rx done event data
   volatile uint8_t *buffer{nullptr};
@@ -54,7 +57,7 @@ struct RemoteReceiverComponentStore {
 
 class RemoteReceiverComponent : public remote_base::RemoteReceiverBase,
                                 public Component
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) && SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED
     ,
                                 public remote_base::RemoteRMTChannel
 #endif
@@ -66,7 +69,7 @@ class RemoteReceiverComponent : public remote_base::RemoteReceiverBase,
   void dump_config() override;
   void loop() override;
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) && SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED
   void set_filter_symbols(uint32_t filter_symbols) { this->filter_symbols_ = filter_symbols; }
   void set_receive_symbols(uint32_t receive_symbols) { this->receive_symbols_ = receive_symbols; }
   void set_with_dma(bool with_dma) { this->with_dma_ = with_dma; }
@@ -78,7 +81,7 @@ class RemoteReceiverComponent : public remote_base::RemoteReceiverBase,
   void set_idle_us(uint32_t idle_us) { this->idle_us_ = idle_us; }
 
  protected:
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) && SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED
   void decode_rmt_(rmt_symbol_word_t *item, size_t item_count);
   rmt_channel_handle_t channel_{NULL};
   uint32_t filter_symbols_{0};
@@ -94,7 +97,7 @@ class RemoteReceiverComponent : public remote_base::RemoteReceiverBase,
   RemoteReceiverComponentStore store_;
 #endif
 
-#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_RP2040)
+#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_RP2040) || (defined(USE_ESP32) && !SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED)
   HighFrequencyLoopRequester high_freq_;
 #endif
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver_esp32.cpp
index f95244ea45..357a36d052 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver_esp32.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
+#include <soc/soc_caps.h>
+#if SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED
 #include <driver/gpio.h>
 #include <esp_clk_tree.h>
 
@@ -248,4 +250,5 @@ void RemoteReceiverComponent::decode_rmt_(rmt_symbol_word_t *item, size_t item_c
 
 }  // namespace esphome::remote_receiver
 
-#endif
+#endif  // SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED
+#endif  // USE_ESP32
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/__init__.py b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/__init__.py
index 8383b9dd75..fc772f88b2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/__init__.py
@@ -40,45 +40,66 @@ DigitalWriteAction = remote_transmitter_ns.class_(
     cg.Parented.template(RemoteTransmitterComponent),
 )
 
+
 MULTI_CONF = True
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(RemoteTransmitterComponent),
-        cv.Required(CONF_PIN): pins.gpio_output_pin_schema,
-        cv.Required(CONF_CARRIER_DUTY_PERCENT): cv.All(
-            cv.percentage_int, cv.Range(min=1, max=100)
-        ),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_CLOCK_RESOLUTION): cv.All(
-            cv.only_on_esp32,
-            esp32_rmt.validate_clock_resolution(),
-        ),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_EOT_LEVEL): cv.All(cv.only_on_esp32, cv.boolean),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_USE_DMA): cv.All(
-            esp32.only_on_variant(
-                supported=[esp32.VARIANT_ESP32P4, esp32.VARIANT_ESP32S3]
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(RemoteTransmitterComponent),
+            cv.Required(CONF_PIN): pins.gpio_output_pin_schema,
+            cv.Required(CONF_CARRIER_DUTY_PERCENT): cv.All(
+                cv.percentage_int, cv.Range(min=1, max=100)
             ),
-            cv.boolean,
-        ),
-        cv.SplitDefault(
-            CONF_RMT_SYMBOLS,
-            esp32=64,
-            esp32_c3=48,
-            esp32_c5=48,
-            esp32_c6=48,
-            esp32_h2=48,
-            esp32_p4=48,
-            esp32_s2=64,
-            esp32_s3=48,
-        ): cv.All(cv.only_on_esp32, cv.int_range(min=2)),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_NON_BLOCKING): cv.All(cv.only_on_esp32, cv.boolean),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_TRANSMIT): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_COMPLETE): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
-    }
-).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+            cv.Optional(CONF_CLOCK_RESOLUTION): cv.All(
+                cv.only_on_esp32,
+                esp32_rmt.validate_clock_resolution(),
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_EOT_LEVEL): cv.All(cv.only_on_esp32, cv.boolean),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_USE_DMA): cv.All(
+                esp32.only_on_variant(
+                    supported=[esp32.VARIANT_ESP32P4, esp32.VARIANT_ESP32S3]
+                ),
+                cv.boolean,
+            ),
+            cv.SplitDefault(
+                CONF_RMT_SYMBOLS,
+                esp32=64,
+                esp32_c2=cv.UNDEFINED,
+                esp32_c3=48,
+                esp32_c5=48,
+                esp32_c6=48,
+                esp32_c61=cv.UNDEFINED,
+                esp32_h2=48,
+                esp32_p4=48,
+                esp32_s2=64,
+                esp32_s3=48,
+            ): cv.All(cv.only_on_esp32, cv.int_range(min=2)),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_NON_BLOCKING): cv.All(cv.only_on_esp32, cv.boolean),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_TRANSMIT): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_COMPLETE): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .add_extra(
+        esp32_rmt.validate_rmt_not_supported(
+            [
+                CONF_CLOCK_RESOLUTION,
+                CONF_EOT_LEVEL,
+                CONF_USE_DMA,
+                CONF_RMT_SYMBOLS,
+                CONF_NON_BLOCKING,
+            ]
+        )
+    )
+)
 
 
 def _validate_non_blocking(config):
-    if CORE.is_esp32 and CONF_NON_BLOCKING not in config:
+    if (
+        CORE.is_esp32
+        and esp32.get_esp32_variant() not in esp32_rmt.VARIANTS_NO_RMT
+        and CONF_NON_BLOCKING not in config
+    ):
         _LOGGER.warning(
             "'non_blocking' is not set for 'remote_transmitter' and will default to 'true'.\n"
             "The default behavior changed in 2025.11.0; previously blocking mode was used.\n"
@@ -111,7 +132,7 @@ async def digital_write_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 
 async def to_code(config):
     pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_PIN])
-    if CORE.is_esp32:
+    if CORE.is_esp32 and esp32.get_esp32_variant() not in esp32_rmt.VARIANTS_NO_RMT:
         # Re-enable ESP-IDF's RMT driver (excluded by default to save compile time)
         esp32.include_builtin_idf_component("esp_driver_rmt")
 
@@ -155,6 +176,8 @@ FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
             PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
         },
         "remote_transmitter.cpp": {
+            PlatformFramework.ESP32_ARDUINO,
+            PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
             PlatformFramework.ESP8266_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.RTL87XX_ARDUINO,
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/automation.h b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/automation.h
index bee1d0be8a..8da4cfd95d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/automation.h
@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace remote_transmitter {
+namespace esphome::remote_transmitter {
 
 template<typename... Ts> class DigitalWriteAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<RemoteTransmitterComponent> {
  public:
@@ -14,5 +13,4 @@ template<typename... Ts> class DigitalWriteAction : public Action<Ts...>, public
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->digital_write(this->value_.value(x...)); }
 };
 
-}  // namespace remote_transmitter
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::remote_transmitter
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter.cpp
index d35541e2e1..51a3c0b1d4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter.cpp
@@ -2,10 +2,9 @@
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 
-#if defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040)
+#if defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040) || (defined(USE_ESP32) && !SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED)
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace remote_transmitter {
+namespace esphome::remote_transmitter {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "remote_transmitter";
 
@@ -105,7 +104,6 @@ void RemoteTransmitterComponent::send_internal(uint32_t send_times, uint32_t sen
   this->complete_trigger_.trigger();
 }
 
-}  // namespace remote_transmitter
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::remote_transmitter
 
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter.h b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter.h
index 65bd2ac8b2..aee52ea170 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter.h
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter.h
@@ -6,13 +6,15 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #if defined(USE_ESP32)
+#include <soc/soc_caps.h>
+#if SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED
 #include <driver/rmt_tx.h>
-#endif
+#endif  // SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED
+#endif  // USE_ESP32
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace remote_transmitter {
+namespace esphome::remote_transmitter {
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) && SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED
 #if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 5, 1)
 // IDF version 5.5.1 and above is required because of a bug in
 // the RMT encoder: https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/issues/17244
@@ -33,7 +35,7 @@ struct RemoteTransmitterComponentStore {
 
 class RemoteTransmitterComponent : public remote_base::RemoteTransmitterBase,
                                    public Component
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) && SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED
     ,
                                    public remote_base::RemoteRMTChannel
 #endif
@@ -51,7 +53,7 @@ class RemoteTransmitterComponent : public remote_base::RemoteTransmitterBase,
 
   void digital_write(bool value);
 
-#if defined(USE_ESP32)
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) && SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED
   void set_with_dma(bool with_dma) { this->with_dma_ = with_dma; }
   void set_eot_level(bool eot_level) { this->eot_level_ = eot_level; }
   void set_non_blocking(bool non_blocking) { this->non_blocking_ = non_blocking; }
@@ -62,7 +64,7 @@ class RemoteTransmitterComponent : public remote_base::RemoteTransmitterBase,
 
  protected:
   void send_internal(uint32_t send_times, uint32_t send_wait) override;
-#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_RP2040)
+#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_RP2040) || (defined(USE_ESP32) && !SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED)
   void calculate_on_off_time_(uint32_t carrier_frequency, uint32_t *on_time_period, uint32_t *off_time_period);
 
   void mark_(uint32_t on_time, uint32_t off_time, uint32_t usec);
@@ -73,7 +75,7 @@ class RemoteTransmitterComponent : public remote_base::RemoteTransmitterBase,
   uint32_t target_time_;
 #endif
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) && SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED
   void configure_rmt_();
   void wait_for_rmt_();
 
@@ -100,5 +102,4 @@ class RemoteTransmitterComponent : public remote_base::RemoteTransmitterBase,
   Trigger<> complete_trigger_;
 };
 
-}  // namespace remote_transmitter
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::remote_transmitter
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter_esp32.cpp
index 89d97895b2..71773e3ddf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter_esp32.cpp
@@ -3,10 +3,11 @@
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
+#include <soc/soc_caps.h>
+#if SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED
 #include <driver/gpio.h>
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace remote_transmitter {
+namespace esphome::remote_transmitter {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "remote_transmitter";
 
@@ -358,7 +359,7 @@ void RemoteTransmitterComponent::send_internal(uint32_t send_times, uint32_t sen
 }
 #endif
 
-}  // namespace remote_transmitter
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::remote_transmitter
 
-#endif
+#endif  // SOC_RMT_SUPPORTED
+#endif  // USE_ESP32
diff --git a/tests/components/remote_receiver/test.esp32-c2-idf.yaml b/tests/components/remote_receiver/test.esp32-c2-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..87154e19fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/remote_receiver/test.esp32-c2-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+remote_receiver:
+  id: rcvr
+  pin: GPIO2
+  dump: all
+  <<: !include common-actions.yaml
+
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: remote_receiver
+    name: Panasonic Remote Input
+    panasonic:
+      address: 0x4004
+      command: 0x100BCBD
diff --git a/tests/components/remote_transmitter/test.esp32-c2-idf.yaml b/tests/components/remote_transmitter/test.esp32-c2-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..424cd8d249
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/remote_transmitter/test.esp32-c2-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+remote_transmitter:
+  id: xmitr
+  pin: GPIO2
+  carrier_duty_percent: 50%
+
+packages:
+  buttons: !include common-buttons.yaml

From 15da6d0a0b3a7ec14462e49c00f329af3808ce7b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pawelo <81100874+pgolawsk@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 15 Feb 2026 21:58:51 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 029/609] [epaper_spi] Add WeAct 3-color e-paper display
 support (#13894)

---
 esphome/components/epaper_spi/display.py      |   4 -
 .../components/epaper_spi/epaper_weact_3c.cpp | 231 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../components/epaper_spi/epaper_weact_3c.h   |  39 +++
 .../components/epaper_spi/models/weact_bwr.py |  75 ++++++
 .../epaper_spi/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml         |  63 +++++
 5 files changed, 408 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_weact_3c.cpp
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_weact_3c.h
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/epaper_spi/models/weact_bwr.py

diff --git a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/display.py b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/display.py
index 13f66691b2..2657071f45 100644
--- a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/display.py
@@ -49,10 +49,6 @@ EPaperBase = epaper_spi_ns.class_(
 )
 Transform = epaper_spi_ns.enum("Transform")
 
-EPaperSpectraE6 = epaper_spi_ns.class_("EPaperSpectraE6", EPaperBase)
-EPaper7p3InSpectraE6 = epaper_spi_ns.class_("EPaper7p3InSpectraE6", EPaperSpectraE6)
-
-
 # Import all models dynamically from the models package
 for module_info in pkgutil.iter_modules(models.__path__):
     importlib.import_module(f".models.{module_info.name}", package=__package__)
diff --git a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_weact_3c.cpp b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_weact_3c.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bd83105dd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_weact_3c.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+#include "epaper_weact_3c.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::epaper_spi {
+
+static constexpr const char *const TAG = "epaper_weact_3c";
+
+// SSD1680 3-color display notes:
+// - Buffer uses 1 bit per pixel, 8 pixels per byte
+// - Buffer first half (black_offset): Black/White plane (1=black, 0=white)
+// - Buffer second half (red_offset): Red plane (1=red, 0=no red)
+// - Total buffer: width * height / 4 bytes = 2 * (width * height / 8)
+// - For 128x296: 128*296/4 = 9472 bytes total (4736 per color)
+
+void EPaperWeAct3C::draw_pixel_at(int x, int y, Color color) {
+  if (!this->rotate_coordinates_(x, y))
+    return;
+
+  // Calculate position in the 1-bit buffer
+  const uint32_t pos = (x / 8) + (y * this->row_width_);
+  const uint8_t bit = 0x80 >> (x & 0x07);
+  const uint32_t red_offset = this->buffer_length_ / 2u;
+
+  // Use luminance threshold for B/W mapping
+  // Split at halfway point (382 = (255*3)/2)
+  bool is_white = (static_cast<int>(color.r) + color.g + color.b) > 382;
+
+  // Update black/white plane (first half of buffer)
+  if (is_white) {
+    // White pixel - clear bit in black plane
+    this->buffer_[pos] &= ~bit;
+  } else {
+    // Black pixel - set bit in black plane
+    this->buffer_[pos] |= bit;
+  }
+
+  // Update red plane (second half of buffer)
+  // Red if red component is dominant (r > g+b)
+  if (color.r > color.g + color.b) {
+    // Red pixel - set bit in red plane
+    this->buffer_[red_offset + pos] |= bit;
+  } else {
+    // Not red - clear bit in red plane
+    this->buffer_[red_offset + pos] &= ~bit;
+  }
+}
+
+void EPaperWeAct3C::fill(Color color) {
+  // For 3-color e-paper with 1-bit buffer format:
+  // - Black buffer: 1=black, 0=white
+  // - Red buffer: 1=red, 0=no red
+  // The buffer is stored as two halves: [black plane][red plane]
+  const size_t half_buffer = this->buffer_length_ / 2u;
+
+  // Use luminance threshold for B/W mapping
+  bool is_white = (static_cast<int>(color.r) + color.g + color.b) > 382;
+  bool is_red = color.r > color.g + color.b;
+
+  // Fill both planes
+  if (is_white) {
+    // White - both planes = 0x00
+    this->buffer_.fill(0x00);
+  } else if (is_red) {
+    // Red - black plane = 0x00, red plane = 0xFF
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < half_buffer; i++)
+      this->buffer_[i] = 0x00;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < half_buffer; i++)
+      this->buffer_[half_buffer + i] = 0xFF;
+  } else {
+    // Black - black plane = 0xFF, red plane = 0x00
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < half_buffer; i++)
+      this->buffer_[i] = 0xFF;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < half_buffer; i++)
+      this->buffer_[half_buffer + i] = 0x00;
+  }
+}
+
+void EPaperWeAct3C::clear() {
+  // Clear buffer to white, just like real paper.
+  this->fill(COLOR_ON);
+}
+
+void EPaperWeAct3C::set_window_() {
+  // For full screen refresh, we always start from (0,0)
+  // The y_low_/y_high_ values track the dirty region for optimization,
+  // but for display refresh we need to write from the beginning
+  uint16_t x_start = 0;
+  uint16_t x_end = this->width_ - 1;
+  uint16_t y_start = 0;
+  uint16_t y_end = this->height_ - 1;  // height = 296 for 2.9" display
+
+  // Set RAM X address boundaries (0x44)
+  // X coordinates are byte-aligned (divided by 8)
+  this->cmd_data(0x44, {(uint8_t) (x_start / 8), (uint8_t) (x_end / 8)});
+
+  // Set RAM Y address boundaries (0x45)
+  // Format: Y start (LSB, MSB), Y end (LSB, MSB)
+  this->cmd_data(0x45, {(uint8_t) y_start, (uint8_t) (y_start >> 8), (uint8_t) (y_end & 0xFF), (uint8_t) (y_end >> 8)});
+
+  // Reset RAM X counter to start (0x4E) - 1 byte
+  this->cmd_data(0x4E, {(uint8_t) (x_start / 8)});
+
+  // Reset RAM Y counter to start (0x4F) - 2 bytes (LSB, MSB)
+  this->cmd_data(0x4F, {(uint8_t) y_start, (uint8_t) (y_start >> 8)});
+}
+
+bool HOT EPaperWeAct3C::transfer_data() {
+  const uint32_t start_time = millis();
+  const size_t buffer_length = this->buffer_length_;
+  const size_t half_buffer = buffer_length / 2u;
+
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "transfer_data: buffer_length=%u, half_buffer=%u", buffer_length, half_buffer);
+
+  // Use a local buffer for SPI transfers
+  static constexpr size_t MAX_TRANSFER_SIZE = 128;
+  uint8_t bytes_to_send[MAX_TRANSFER_SIZE];
+
+  // First, send the RED buffer (0x26 = WRITE_COLOR)
+  // The red plane is in the second half of our buffer
+  // NOTE: Must set RAM window first to reset address counters!
+  if (this->current_data_index_ < half_buffer) {
+    if (this->current_data_index_ == 0) {
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "transfer_data: sending RED buffer (0x26)");
+      this->set_window_();  // Reset RAM X/Y counters to start position
+      this->command(0x26);
+    }
+
+    this->start_data_();
+    size_t red_offset = half_buffer;
+    while (this->current_data_index_ < half_buffer) {
+      size_t bytes_to_copy = std::min(MAX_TRANSFER_SIZE, half_buffer - this->current_data_index_);
+
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < bytes_to_copy; i++) {
+        bytes_to_send[i] = this->buffer_[red_offset + this->current_data_index_ + i];
+      }
+
+      this->write_array(bytes_to_send, bytes_to_copy);
+
+      this->current_data_index_ += bytes_to_copy;
+
+      if (millis() - start_time > MAX_TRANSFER_TIME) {
+        // Let the main loop run and come back next loop
+        this->disable();
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    this->disable();
+  }
+
+  // Finished the red buffer, now send the BLACK buffer (0x24 = WRITE_BLACK)
+  // The black plane is in the first half of our buffer
+  if (this->current_data_index_ < buffer_length) {
+    if (this->current_data_index_ == half_buffer) {
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "transfer_data: finished red buffer, sending BLACK buffer (0x24)");
+
+      // Do NOT reset RAM counters here for WeAct displays (Reference implementation behavior)
+      // this->set_window();
+      this->command(0x24);
+      // Continue using current_data_index_, but we need to map it to the start of the buffer
+    }
+
+    this->start_data_();
+    while (this->current_data_index_ < buffer_length) {
+      size_t remaining = buffer_length - this->current_data_index_;
+      size_t bytes_to_copy = std::min(MAX_TRANSFER_SIZE, remaining);
+
+      // Calculate offset into the BLACK buffer (which is at the start of this->buffer_)
+      // current_data_index_ goes from half_buffer to buffer_length
+      size_t buffer_offset = this->current_data_index_ - half_buffer;
+
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < bytes_to_copy; i++) {
+        bytes_to_send[i] = this->buffer_[buffer_offset + i];
+      }
+
+      this->write_array(bytes_to_send, bytes_to_copy);
+
+      this->current_data_index_ += bytes_to_copy;
+
+      if (millis() - start_time > MAX_TRANSFER_TIME) {
+        // Let the main loop run and come back next loop
+        this->disable();
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    this->disable();
+  }
+
+  this->current_data_index_ = 0;
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "transfer_data: completed (red=%u, black=%u bytes)", half_buffer, half_buffer);
+  return true;
+}
+
+void EPaperWeAct3C::refresh_screen(bool partial) {
+  // SSD1680 refresh sequence:
+  // Reset RAM X/Y address counters to 0,0 so display reads from start
+  // 0x4E: RAM X counter - 1 byte (X / 8)
+  // 0x4F: RAM Y counter - 2 bytes (Y LSB, Y MSB)
+  this->cmd_data(0x4E, {0x00});        // RAM X counter = 0 (1 byte)
+  this->cmd_data(0x4F, {0x00, 0x00});  // RAM Y counter = 0 (2 bytes)
+
+  // Send UPDATE_FULL command (0x22) with display update control parameter
+  // Both WeAct and waveshare reference use 0xF7: {0x22, 0xF7}
+  // 0xF7 = Display update: Load temperature, Load LUT, Enable RAM content
+  this->cmd_data(0x22, {0xF7});  // Command 0x22 with parameter 0xF7
+  this->command(0x20);           // Activate display update
+
+  // COMMAND TERMINATE FRAME READ WRITE (required by SSD1680)
+  // Removed 0xFF based on working reference implementation
+  // this->command(0xFF);
+}
+
+void EPaperWeAct3C::power_on() {
+  // Power on sequence - send command to turn on power
+  // According to SSD1680 spec: 0x22, 0xF8 powers on the display
+  this->cmd_data(0x22, {0xF8});  // Power on
+  this->command(0x20);           // Activate
+}
+
+void EPaperWeAct3C::power_off() {
+  // Power off sequence - send command to turn off power
+  // According to SSD1680 spec: 0x22, 0x83 powers off the display
+  this->cmd_data(0x22, {0x83});  // Power off
+  this->command(0x20);           // Activate
+}
+
+void EPaperWeAct3C::deep_sleep() {
+  // Deep sleep sequence
+  this->cmd_data(0x10, {0x01});  // Deep sleep mode
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::epaper_spi
diff --git a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_weact_3c.h b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_weact_3c.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2df6f1ba09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_weact_3c.h
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "epaper_spi.h"
+
+namespace esphome::epaper_spi {
+
+/**
+ * WeAct 3-color e-paper displays (SSD1683 controller).
+ * Supports multiple sizes: 2.9" (128x296), 4.2" (400x300), etc.
+ *
+ * Color scheme: Black, White, Red (BWR)
+ * Buffer layout: 1 bit per pixel, separate planes
+ * - Buffer first half: Black/White plane (1=black, 0=white)
+ * - Buffer second half: Red plane (1=red, 0=no red)
+ * - Total buffer: width * height / 4 bytes (2 * width * height / 8)
+ */
+class EPaperWeAct3C : public EPaperBase {
+ public:
+  EPaperWeAct3C(const char *name, uint16_t width, uint16_t height, const uint8_t *init_sequence,
+                size_t init_sequence_length)
+      : EPaperBase(name, width, height, init_sequence, init_sequence_length, DISPLAY_TYPE_BINARY) {
+    this->buffer_length_ = this->row_width_ * height * 2;
+  }
+
+  void fill(Color color) override;
+  void clear() override;
+
+ protected:
+  void set_window_();
+  void refresh_screen(bool partial) override;
+  void power_on() override;
+  void power_off() override;
+  void deep_sleep() override;
+  void draw_pixel_at(int x, int y, Color color) override;
+
+  bool transfer_data() override;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::epaper_spi
diff --git a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/models/weact_bwr.py b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/models/weact_bwr.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..21a015b08d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/models/weact_bwr.py
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+"""WeAct Black/White/Red e-paper displays using SSD1683 controller.
+
+Supported models:
+- weact-2.13in-3c: 122x250 pixels (2.13" display)
+- weact-2.9in-3c: 128x296 pixels (2.9" display)
+- weact-4.2in-3c: 400x300 pixels (4.2" display)
+
+These displays use SSD1680 or SSD1683 controller and require a specific initialization
+sequence. The DRV_OUT_CTL command is calculated from the display height.
+"""
+
+from . import EpaperModel
+
+
+class WeActBWR(EpaperModel):
+    """Base EpaperModel class for WeAct Black/White/Red displays using SSD1683 controller."""
+
+    def __init__(self, name, **defaults):
+        super().__init__(name, "EPaperWeAct3C", **defaults)
+
+    def get_init_sequence(self, config):
+        """Generate initialization sequence for WeAct BWR displays.
+
+        The initialization sequence is based on SSD1680 and SSD1683 controller datasheet
+        and the WeAct display specifications.
+        """
+        _, height = self.get_dimensions(config)
+        # DRV_OUT_CTL: MSB of (height-1), LSB of (height-1), gate setting (0x00)
+        height_minus_1 = height - 1
+        msb = height_minus_1 >> 8
+        lsb = height_minus_1 & 0xFF
+        return (
+            # Step 1: Software Reset (0x12) - REQUIRED per SSD1680, but works without it as well, so it's commented out for now
+            # (0x12,),
+            # Step 2: Wait 10ms after SWRESET (?) not sure how to implement wht waiting for 10ms after SWRESET, so it's commented out for now
+            # Step 3: DRV_OUT_CTL - driver output control (height-dependent)
+            # Format: (command, LSB, MSB, gate setting)
+            (0x01, lsb, msb, 0x00),
+            # Step 4: DATA_ENTRY - data entry mode (0x03 = decrement Y, increment X)
+            (0x11, 0x03),
+            # Step 5: BORDER_FULL - border waveform control
+            (0x3C, 0x05),
+            # Step 6: TEMP_SENS - internal temperature sensor
+            (0x18, 0x80),
+            # Step 7: DISPLAY_UPDATE - display update control
+            (0x21, 0x00, 0x80),
+        )
+
+
+# Model: WeAct 2.9" 3C - 128x296 pixels, SSD1680 controller
+weact_2p9in3c = WeActBWR(
+    "weact-2.9in-3c",
+    width=128,
+    height=296,
+    data_rate="10MHz",
+    minimum_update_interval="1s",
+)
+
+# Model: WeAct 2.13" 3C - 122x250 pixels, SSD1680 controller
+weact_2p13in3c = WeActBWR(
+    "weact-2.13in-3c",
+    width=122,
+    height=250,
+    data_rate="10MHz",
+    minimum_update_interval="1s",
+)
+
+# Model: WeAct 4.2" 3C - 400x300 pixels, SSD1683 controller
+weact_4p2in3c = WeActBWR(
+    "weact-4.2in-3c",
+    width=400,
+    height=300,
+    data_rate="10MHz",
+    minimum_update_interval="10s",
+)
diff --git a/tests/components/epaper_spi/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml b/tests/components/epaper_spi/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
index 333ab567cd..aa454c73fa 100644
--- a/tests/components/epaper_spi/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/epaper_spi/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
@@ -64,3 +64,66 @@ display:
     # Override pins to avoid conflict with other display configs
     busy_pin: 43
     dc_pin: 42
+
+  # WeAct 2.13" 3-color e-paper (122x250, SSD1680)
+  - platform: epaper_spi
+    spi_id: spi_bus
+    model: weact-2.13in-3c
+    cs_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO5
+    dc_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO17
+    reset_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO16
+    busy_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO4
+    lambda: |-
+      it.filled_rectangle(0, 0, it.get_width(), it.get_height(), Color::WHITE);
+      it.circle(it.get_width() / 2, it.get_height() / 2, 20, Color::BLACK);
+      it.circle(it.get_width() / 2, it.get_height() / 2, 15, Color(255, 0, 0));
+
+  # WeAct 2.9" 3-color e-paper (128x296, SSD1683)
+  - platform: epaper_spi
+    spi_id: spi_bus
+    model: weact-2.9in-3c
+    cs_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO5
+    dc_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO17
+    reset_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO16
+    busy_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO4
+    lambda: |-
+      it.filled_rectangle(0, 0, it.get_width(), it.get_height(), Color::WHITE);
+      it.circle(it.get_width() / 2, it.get_height() / 2, 20, Color::BLACK);
+      it.circle(it.get_width() / 2, it.get_height() / 2, 15, Color(255, 0, 0));
+
+  # WeAct 4.2" 3-color e-paper (400x300, SSD1683)
+  - platform: epaper_spi
+    spi_id: spi_bus
+    model: weact-4.2in-3c
+    cs_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO5
+    dc_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO17
+    reset_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO16
+    busy_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO4
+    lambda: |-
+      it.filled_rectangle(0, 0, it.get_width(), it.get_height(), Color::WHITE);
+      it.circle(it.get_width() / 2, it.get_height() / 2, 30, Color::BLACK);
+      it.circle(it.get_width() / 2, it.get_height() / 2, 20, Color(255, 0, 0));

From 066419019fb9997522788e940adbbf27243d5e6e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kevin Ahrendt <kevin.ahrendt@openhomefoundation.org>
Date: Sun, 15 Feb 2026 15:09:35 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 030/609] [audio] Support reallocating non-empty
 AudioTransferBuffer (#13979)

---
 .../audio/audio_transfer_buffer.cpp           | 34 +++++++++++++++----
 .../components/audio/audio_transfer_buffer.h  |  3 ++
 2 files changed, 31 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/audio/audio_transfer_buffer.cpp b/esphome/components/audio/audio_transfer_buffer.cpp
index 790cd62db0..ddb669e0eb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio/audio_transfer_buffer.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/audio/audio_transfer_buffer.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 
+#include <cstring>
+
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
@@ -75,12 +77,32 @@ bool AudioTransferBuffer::has_buffered_data() const {
 }
 
 bool AudioTransferBuffer::reallocate(size_t new_buffer_size) {
-  if (this->buffer_length_ > 0) {
-    // Buffer currently has data, so reallocation is impossible
+  if (this->buffer_ == nullptr) {
+    return this->allocate_buffer_(new_buffer_size);
+  }
+
+  if (new_buffer_size < this->buffer_length_) {
+    // New size is too small to hold existing data
     return false;
   }
-  this->deallocate_buffer_();
-  return this->allocate_buffer_(new_buffer_size);
+
+  // Shift existing data to the start of the buffer so realloc preserves it
+  if ((this->buffer_length_ > 0) && (this->data_start_ != this->buffer_)) {
+    std::memmove(this->buffer_, this->data_start_, this->buffer_length_);
+    this->data_start_ = this->buffer_;
+  }
+
+  RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator;
+  uint8_t *new_buffer = allocator.reallocate(this->buffer_, new_buffer_size);
+  if (new_buffer == nullptr) {
+    // Reallocation failed, but the original buffer is still valid
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  this->buffer_ = new_buffer;
+  this->data_start_ = this->buffer_;
+  this->buffer_size_ = new_buffer_size;
+  return true;
 }
 
 bool AudioTransferBuffer::allocate_buffer_(size_t buffer_size) {
@@ -115,7 +137,7 @@ size_t AudioSourceTransferBuffer::transfer_data_from_source(TickType_t ticks_to_
   if (pre_shift) {
     // Shift data in buffer to start
     if (this->buffer_length_ > 0) {
-      memmove(this->buffer_, this->data_start_, this->buffer_length_);
+      std::memmove(this->buffer_, this->data_start_, this->buffer_length_);
     }
     this->data_start_ = this->buffer_;
   }
@@ -150,7 +172,7 @@ size_t AudioSinkTransferBuffer::transfer_data_to_sink(TickType_t ticks_to_wait,
 
   if (post_shift) {
     // Shift unwritten data to the start of the buffer
-    memmove(this->buffer_, this->data_start_, this->buffer_length_);
+    std::memmove(this->buffer_, this->data_start_, this->buffer_length_);
     this->data_start_ = this->buffer_;
   }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio/audio_transfer_buffer.h b/esphome/components/audio/audio_transfer_buffer.h
index edb484e7d2..24c0670d1a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio/audio_transfer_buffer.h
+++ b/esphome/components/audio/audio_transfer_buffer.h
@@ -56,6 +56,9 @@ class AudioTransferBuffer {
   /// @return True if there is data, false otherwise.
   virtual bool has_buffered_data() const;
 
+  /// @brief Reallocates the transfer buffer, preserving any existing data.
+  /// @param new_buffer_size The new size in bytes. Must be at least as large as available().
+  /// @return True if successful, false otherwise. On failure, the original buffer remains valid.
   bool reallocate(size_t new_buffer_size);
 
  protected:

From f2cb5db9e0dd543d33dd45e561412adf3c616f0e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "Cornelius A. Ludmann" <github@cornelius-ludmann.de>
Date: Mon, 16 Feb 2026 03:44:30 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 031/609] [epaper_spi] Add Waveshare 7.5in e-Paper (H) (#13991)

---
 .../components/epaper_spi/models/jd79660.py   | 32 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../epaper_spi/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml         | 17 ++++++++++
 2 files changed, 49 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/models/jd79660.py b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/models/jd79660.py
index 2d8830ebd2..a0457c5812 100644
--- a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/models/jd79660.py
+++ b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/models/jd79660.py
@@ -84,3 +84,35 @@ jd79660.extend(
         (0xA5, 0x00,),
     ),
 )
+
+# Waveshare 7.5-H
+#
+# Vendor init derived from vendor sample code
+# <https://github.com/waveshareteam/e-Paper/blob/master/E-paper_Separate_Program/7in5_e-Paper_H/ESP32/EPD_7in5h.cpp>
+# Compatible MIT license, see esphome/LICENSE file.
+#
+# Note: busy pin uses LOW=busy, HIGH=idle. Configure with inverted: true in YAML.
+#
+# fmt: off
+jd79660.extend(
+    "Waveshare-7.5in-H",
+    width=800,
+    height=480,
+
+    initsequence=(
+        (0x00, 0x0F, 0x29,),
+        (0x06, 0x0F, 0x8B, 0x93, 0xA1,),
+        (0x41, 0x00,),
+        (0x50, 0x37,),
+        (0x60, 0x02, 0x02,),
+        (0x61, 800 // 256, 800 % 256, 480 // 256, 480 % 256,),  # RES: 800x480
+        (0x62, 0x98, 0x98, 0x98, 0x75, 0xCA, 0xB2, 0x98, 0x7E,),
+        (0x65, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,),
+        (0xE7, 0x1C,),
+        (0xE3, 0x00,),
+        (0xE9, 0x01,),
+        (0x30, 0x08,),
+        # Power On (0x04): Must be early part of init seq = Disabled later!
+        (0x04,),
+    ),
+)
diff --git a/tests/components/epaper_spi/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml b/tests/components/epaper_spi/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
index aa454c73fa..9593d0f6f0 100644
--- a/tests/components/epaper_spi/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/epaper_spi/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
@@ -57,6 +57,23 @@ display:
       allow_other_uses: true
       number: GPIO4
 
+  - platform: epaper_spi
+    spi_id: spi_bus
+    model: waveshare-7.5in-H
+    cs_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO5
+    dc_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO17
+    reset_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO16
+    busy_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO4
+      inverted: true
+
   - platform: epaper_spi
     model: seeed-reterminal-e1002
   - platform: epaper_spi

From f2c827f9a2395ac34144bddbb3f9a3edd4c43bd0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 16 Feb 2026 08:08:43 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 032/609] [runtime_image] Remove stored RAMAllocator member
 (#13998)

---
 esphome/components/runtime_image/png_decoder.cpp   | 6 ++++--
 esphome/components/runtime_image/png_decoder.h     | 1 -
 esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.cpp | 8 +++++---
 esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.h   | 1 -
 4 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/png_decoder.cpp b/esphome/components/runtime_image/png_decoder.cpp
index 9fe4a9c4ff..591504328d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_image/png_decoder.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/png_decoder.cpp
@@ -50,7 +50,8 @@ static void draw_callback(pngle_t *pngle, uint32_t x, uint32_t y, uint32_t w, ui
 
 PngDecoder::PngDecoder(RuntimeImage *image) : ImageDecoder(image) {
   {
-    pngle_t *pngle = this->allocator_.allocate(1, PNGLE_T_SIZE);
+    RAMAllocator<pngle_t> allocator;
+    pngle_t *pngle = allocator.allocate(1, PNGLE_T_SIZE);
     if (!pngle) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to allocate memory for PNGLE engine!");
       return;
@@ -64,7 +65,8 @@ PngDecoder::PngDecoder(RuntimeImage *image) : ImageDecoder(image) {
 PngDecoder::~PngDecoder() {
   if (this->pngle_) {
     pngle_reset(this->pngle_);
-    this->allocator_.deallocate(this->pngle_, PNGLE_T_SIZE);
+    RAMAllocator<pngle_t> allocator;
+    allocator.deallocate(this->pngle_, PNGLE_T_SIZE);
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/png_decoder.h b/esphome/components/runtime_image/png_decoder.h
index b5c1e70c2a..24521d33a8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_image/png_decoder.h
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/png_decoder.h
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ class PngDecoder : public ImageDecoder {
   uint32_t get_pixels_decoded() const { return this->pixels_decoded_; }
 
  protected:
-  RAMAllocator<pngle_t> allocator_;
   pngle_t *pngle_{nullptr};
   uint32_t pixels_decoded_{0};
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.cpp b/esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.cpp
index 1d70f38d6b..603ea76f01 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.cpp
@@ -230,7 +230,8 @@ void RuntimeImage::release() {
 void RuntimeImage::release_buffer_() {
   if (this->buffer_) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Releasing buffer of size %zu", this->get_buffer_size_(this->buffer_width_, this->buffer_height_));
-    this->allocator_.deallocate(this->buffer_, this->get_buffer_size_(this->buffer_width_, this->buffer_height_));
+    RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator;
+    allocator.deallocate(this->buffer_, this->get_buffer_size_(this->buffer_width_, this->buffer_height_));
     this->buffer_ = nullptr;
     this->data_start_ = nullptr;
     this->width_ = 0;
@@ -254,11 +255,12 @@ size_t RuntimeImage::resize_buffer_(int width, int height) {
   }
 
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Allocating buffer: %dx%d, %zu bytes", width, height, new_size);
-  this->buffer_ = this->allocator_.allocate(new_size);
+  RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator;
+  this->buffer_ = allocator.allocate(new_size);
 
   if (!this->buffer_) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to allocate %zu bytes. Largest free block: %zu", new_size,
-             this->allocator_.get_max_free_block_size());
+             allocator.get_max_free_block_size());
     return 0;
   }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.h b/esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.h
index 0a5279d86d..4bdcdcac9e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.h
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.h
@@ -165,7 +165,6 @@ class RuntimeImage : public image::Image {
   std::unique_ptr<ImageDecoder> create_decoder_();
 
   // Memory management
-  RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator_{};
   uint8_t *buffer_{nullptr};
 
   // Decoder management

From ffb9a00e2683d6ad0aad47fc4c6a783ca615e101 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 16 Feb 2026 08:09:13 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 033/609] [online_image] Remove stored RAMAllocator member from
 DownloadBuffer (#13999)

---
 esphome/components/online_image/download_buffer.cpp | 10 ++++++----
 esphome/components/online_image/download_buffer.h   |  6 ++++--
 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/online_image/download_buffer.cpp b/esphome/components/online_image/download_buffer.cpp
index 999005df82..2ec6365aa1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/online_image/download_buffer.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/online_image/download_buffer.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ namespace esphome::online_image {
 static const char *const TAG = "online_image.download_buffer";
 
 DownloadBuffer::DownloadBuffer(size_t size) : size_(size) {
-  this->buffer_ = this->allocator_.allocate(size);
+  RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator;
+  this->buffer_ = allocator.allocate(size);
   this->reset();
   if (!this->buffer_) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Initial allocation of download buffer failed!");
@@ -38,15 +39,16 @@ size_t DownloadBuffer::resize(size_t size) {
     // Avoid useless reallocations; if the buffer is big enough, don't reallocate.
     return this->size_;
   }
-  this->allocator_.deallocate(this->buffer_, this->size_);
-  this->buffer_ = this->allocator_.allocate(size);
+  RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator;
+  allocator.deallocate(this->buffer_, this->size_);
+  this->buffer_ = allocator.allocate(size);
   this->reset();
   if (this->buffer_) {
     this->size_ = size;
     return size;
   } else {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "allocation of %zu bytes failed. Biggest block in heap: %zu Bytes", size,
-             this->allocator_.get_max_free_block_size());
+             allocator.get_max_free_block_size());
     this->size_ = 0;
     return 0;
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/online_image/download_buffer.h b/esphome/components/online_image/download_buffer.h
index 110a4b608a..73061b23b5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/online_image/download_buffer.h
+++ b/esphome/components/online_image/download_buffer.h
@@ -15,7 +15,10 @@ namespace esphome::online_image {
 class DownloadBuffer {
  public:
   DownloadBuffer(size_t size);
-  ~DownloadBuffer() { this->allocator_.deallocate(this->buffer_, this->size_); }
+  ~DownloadBuffer() {
+    RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator;
+    allocator.deallocate(this->buffer_, this->size_);
+  }
 
   uint8_t *data(size_t offset = 0);
   uint8_t *append() { return this->data(this->unread_); }
@@ -34,7 +37,6 @@ class DownloadBuffer {
   size_t resize(size_t size);
 
  protected:
-  RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator_{};
   uint8_t *buffer_;
   size_t size_;
   /** Total number of downloaded bytes not yet read. */

From 81872d9822d1930e2408110acfcdb8e8e3dfd95a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 16 Feb 2026 08:09:26 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 034/609] [camera, camera_encoder] Remove stored RAMAllocator
 member (#13997)

---
 esphome/components/camera/buffer_impl.cpp            | 12 ++++++++----
 esphome/components/camera/buffer_impl.h              |  1 -
 .../camera_encoder/encoder_buffer_impl.cpp           |  9 ++++++---
 .../components/camera_encoder/encoder_buffer_impl.h  |  1 -
 4 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/camera/buffer_impl.cpp b/esphome/components/camera/buffer_impl.cpp
index d17a4e2707..97cdd2e104 100644
--- a/esphome/components/camera/buffer_impl.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/camera/buffer_impl.cpp
@@ -3,18 +3,22 @@
 namespace esphome::camera {
 
 BufferImpl::BufferImpl(size_t size) {
-  this->data_ = this->allocator_.allocate(size);
+  RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator;
+  this->data_ = allocator.allocate(size);
   this->size_ = size;
 }
 
 BufferImpl::BufferImpl(CameraImageSpec *spec) {
-  this->data_ = this->allocator_.allocate(spec->bytes_per_image());
+  RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator;
+  this->data_ = allocator.allocate(spec->bytes_per_image());
   this->size_ = spec->bytes_per_image();
 }
 
 BufferImpl::~BufferImpl() {
-  if (this->data_ != nullptr)
-    this->allocator_.deallocate(this->data_, this->size_);
+  if (this->data_ != nullptr) {
+    RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator;
+    allocator.deallocate(this->data_, this->size_);
+  }
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::camera
diff --git a/esphome/components/camera/buffer_impl.h b/esphome/components/camera/buffer_impl.h
index 46398295fa..5e42df7957 100644
--- a/esphome/components/camera/buffer_impl.h
+++ b/esphome/components/camera/buffer_impl.h
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ class BufferImpl : public Buffer {
   ~BufferImpl() override;
 
  protected:
-  RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator_;
   size_t size_{};
   uint8_t *data_{};
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/camera_encoder/encoder_buffer_impl.cpp b/esphome/components/camera_encoder/encoder_buffer_impl.cpp
index db84026496..f12c66f203 100644
--- a/esphome/components/camera_encoder/encoder_buffer_impl.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/camera_encoder/encoder_buffer_impl.cpp
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ namespace esphome::camera_encoder {
 
 bool EncoderBufferImpl::set_buffer_size(size_t size) {
   if (size > this->capacity_) {
-    uint8_t *p = this->allocator_.reallocate(this->data_, size);
+    RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator;
+    uint8_t *p = allocator.reallocate(this->data_, size);
     if (p == nullptr)
       return false;
 
@@ -16,8 +17,10 @@ bool EncoderBufferImpl::set_buffer_size(size_t size) {
 }
 
 EncoderBufferImpl::~EncoderBufferImpl() {
-  if (this->data_ != nullptr)
-    this->allocator_.deallocate(this->data_, this->capacity_);
+  if (this->data_ != nullptr) {
+    RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator;
+    allocator.deallocate(this->data_, this->capacity_);
+  }
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::camera_encoder
diff --git a/esphome/components/camera_encoder/encoder_buffer_impl.h b/esphome/components/camera_encoder/encoder_buffer_impl.h
index 13eccb7d56..d394daff14 100644
--- a/esphome/components/camera_encoder/encoder_buffer_impl.h
+++ b/esphome/components/camera_encoder/encoder_buffer_impl.h
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ class EncoderBufferImpl : public camera::EncoderBuffer {
   ~EncoderBufferImpl() override;
 
  protected:
-  RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator_;
   size_t capacity_{};
   size_t size_{};
   uint8_t *data_{};

From 0c4827d348e4f55807fa910490e59144711ef392 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 16 Feb 2026 08:09:53 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 035/609] [json, core] Remove stored RAMAllocator, make
 constructors constexpr (#14000)

---
 esphome/components/json/json_util.h | 11 ++++++-----
 esphome/core/helpers.h              | 11 ++++-------
 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/json/json_util.h b/esphome/components/json/json_util.h
index ca074926bd..c472b9a9ec 100644
--- a/esphome/components/json/json_util.h
+++ b/esphome/components/json/json_util.h
@@ -18,7 +18,10 @@ namespace json {
 // Build an allocator for the JSON Library using the RAMAllocator class
 // This is only compiled when PSRAM is enabled
 struct SpiRamAllocator : ArduinoJson::Allocator {
-  void *allocate(size_t size) override { return allocator_.allocate(size); }
+  void *allocate(size_t size) override {
+    RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator;
+    return allocator.allocate(size);
+  }
 
   void deallocate(void *ptr) override {
     // ArduinoJson's Allocator interface doesn't provide the size parameter in deallocate.
@@ -31,11 +34,9 @@ struct SpiRamAllocator : ArduinoJson::Allocator {
   }
 
   void *reallocate(void *ptr, size_t new_size) override {
-    return allocator_.reallocate(static_cast<uint8_t *>(ptr), new_size);
+    RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator;
+    return allocator.reallocate(static_cast<uint8_t *>(ptr), new_size);
   }
-
- protected:
-  RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator_{RAMAllocator<uint8_t>::NONE};
 };
 #endif
 
diff --git a/esphome/core/helpers.h b/esphome/core/helpers.h
index 34c7452484..298b93fbc4 100644
--- a/esphome/core/helpers.h
+++ b/esphome/core/helpers.h
@@ -1673,13 +1673,10 @@ template<class T> class RAMAllocator {
     ALLOW_FAILURE = 1 << 2,   // Does nothing. Kept for compatibility.
   };
 
-  RAMAllocator() = default;
-  RAMAllocator(uint8_t flags) {
-    // default is both external and internal
-    flags &= ALLOC_INTERNAL | ALLOC_EXTERNAL;
-    if (flags != 0)
-      this->flags_ = flags;
-  }
+  constexpr RAMAllocator() = default;
+  constexpr RAMAllocator(uint8_t flags)
+      : flags_((flags & (ALLOC_INTERNAL | ALLOC_EXTERNAL)) != 0 ? (flags & (ALLOC_INTERNAL | ALLOC_EXTERNAL))
+                                                                : (ALLOC_INTERNAL | ALLOC_EXTERNAL)) {}
   template<class U> constexpr RAMAllocator(const RAMAllocator<U> &other) : flags_{other.flags_} {}
 
   T *allocate(size_t n) { return this->allocate(n, sizeof(T)); }

From 4cd3f6c36a5485d6efa570e71cd861d705e7ac29 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 16 Feb 2026 21:30:57 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 036/609] [api] Remove unused reserve from APIServer
 constructor (#14017)

---
 esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp | 6 +-----
 esphome/components/api/api_server.h   | 6 +++++-
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp
index f25a9bc0e2..67a117e68f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp
@@ -28,11 +28,7 @@ static const char *const TAG = "api";
 // APIServer
 APIServer *global_api_server = nullptr;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
-APIServer::APIServer() {
-  global_api_server = this;
-  // Pre-allocate shared write buffer
-  shared_write_buffer_.reserve(64);
-}
+APIServer::APIServer() { global_api_server = this; }
 
 void APIServer::setup() {
   ControllerRegistry::register_controller(this);
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_server.h b/esphome/components/api/api_server.h
index 28f60343e0..323acc2efb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_server.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_server.h
@@ -268,7 +268,11 @@ class APIServer : public Component,
 
   // Vectors and strings (12 bytes each on 32-bit)
   std::vector<std::unique_ptr<APIConnection>> clients_;
-  std::vector<uint8_t> shared_write_buffer_;  // Shared proto write buffer for all connections
+  // Shared proto write buffer for all connections.
+  // Not pre-allocated: all send paths call prepare_first_message_buffer() which
+  // reserves the exact needed size. Pre-allocating here would cause heap fragmentation
+  // since the buffer would almost always reallocate on first use.
+  std::vector<uint8_t> shared_write_buffer_;
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
   std::vector<HomeAssistantStateSubscription> state_subs_;
 #endif

From e826d71bd85b7a91b683c0502846fbcc9b9d3f02 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: schrob <83939986+schdro@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Feb 2026 16:16:57 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 037/609] [openthread] Fix compiler format warning (#14030)

---
 esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp
index 79cd809809..ec212d1f68 100644
--- a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ void OpenThreadComponent::ot_main() {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to set OpenThread pollperiod.");
     }
     uint32_t link_polling_period = otLinkGetPollPeriod(esp_openthread_get_instance());
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Link Polling Period: %d", link_polling_period);
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Link Polling Period: %" PRIu32, link_polling_period);
   }
   link_mode_config.mRxOnWhenIdle = this->poll_period == 0;
   link_mode_config.mDeviceType = false;

From 81ed70325c164612878457033c5f08b27b19f331 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Rodrigo=20Mart=C3=ADn?= <contact@rodrigomartin.dev>
Date: Tue, 17 Feb 2026 18:45:21 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 038/609] [esp32_ble_server] fix infinitely large
 characteristic value (#14011)

---
 .../components/esp32_ble_server/__init__.py   |  2 +-
 .../esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.cpp   | 28 +++++++++++++++----
 .../esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.h     |  1 -
 3 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/__init__.py
index a7e2522fac..cb494ed1bc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/__init__.py
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ async def to_code_characteristic(service_var, char_conf):
                 action_conf,
                 char_conf[CONF_CHAR_VALUE_ACTION_ID_],
                 cg.TemplateArguments(),
-                {},
+                [],
             )
             cg.add(value_action.play())
         else:
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.cpp
index 0482848ea0..a1b1ff94bb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.cpp
@@ -246,9 +246,27 @@ void BLECharacteristic::gatts_event_handler(esp_gatts_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt
       if (this->handle_ != param->write.handle)
         break;
 
+      esp_gatt_status_t status = ESP_GATT_OK;
+
       if (param->write.is_prep) {
-        this->value_.insert(this->value_.end(), param->write.value, param->write.value + param->write.len);
-        this->write_event_ = true;
+        const size_t offset = param->write.offset;
+        const size_t write_len = param->write.len;
+        const size_t new_size = offset + write_len;
+        // Clean the buffer on the first prepared write event
+        if (offset == 0) {
+          this->value_.clear();
+        }
+
+        if (offset != this->value_.size()) {
+          status = ESP_GATT_INVALID_OFFSET;
+        } else if (new_size > ESP_GATT_MAX_ATTR_LEN) {
+          status = ESP_GATT_INVALID_ATTR_LEN;
+        } else {
+          if (this->value_.size() < new_size) {
+            this->value_.resize(new_size);
+          }
+          memcpy(this->value_.data() + offset, param->write.value, write_len);
+        }
       } else {
         this->set_value(ByteBuffer::wrap(param->write.value, param->write.len));
       }
@@ -263,7 +281,7 @@ void BLECharacteristic::gatts_event_handler(esp_gatts_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt
         memcpy(response.attr_value.value, param->write.value, param->write.len);
 
         esp_err_t err =
-            esp_ble_gatts_send_response(gatts_if, param->write.conn_id, param->write.trans_id, ESP_GATT_OK, &response);
+            esp_ble_gatts_send_response(gatts_if, param->write.conn_id, param->write.trans_id, status, &response);
 
         if (err != ESP_OK) {
           ESP_LOGE(TAG, "esp_ble_gatts_send_response failed: %d", err);
@@ -280,9 +298,9 @@ void BLECharacteristic::gatts_event_handler(esp_gatts_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt
     }
 
     case ESP_GATTS_EXEC_WRITE_EVT: {
-      if (!this->write_event_)
+      // BLE stack will guarantee that ESP_GATTS_EXEC_WRITE_EVT is only received after prepared writes
+      if (this->value_.empty())
         break;
-      this->write_event_ = false;
       if (param->exec_write.exec_write_flag == ESP_GATT_PREP_WRITE_EXEC) {
         if (this->on_write_callback_) {
           (*this->on_write_callback_)(this->value_, param->exec_write.conn_id);
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.h b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.h
index b913915789..c2cdb1660c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.h
@@ -77,7 +77,6 @@ class BLECharacteristic {
   }
 
  protected:
-  bool write_event_{false};
   BLEService *service_{};
   ESPBTUUID uuid_;
   esp_gatt_char_prop_t properties_;

From 5bb863f7dadadedf3c8620d1e275d7d354fedae8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Feb 2026 13:24:39 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 039/609] Bump actions/stale from 10.1.1 to 10.2.0 (#14036)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .github/workflows/stale.yml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/stale.yml b/.github/workflows/stale.yml
index 7e03e2a5f9..ba5c32e016 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/stale.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/stale.yml
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Stale
-        uses: actions/stale@997185467fa4f803885201cee163a9f38240193d # v10.1.1
+        uses: actions/stale@b5d41d4e1d5dceea10e7104786b73624c18a190f # v10.2.0
         with:
           debug-only: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/dev' }} # Dry-run when not run on dev branch
           remove-stale-when-updated: true

From fb35ddebb9915f6bda82e4050943ee5de1ba0360 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2026 08:22:07 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 040/609] [display] Make COLOR_OFF and COLOR_ON inline
 constexpr (#14044)

---
 esphome/components/display/display.cpp | 3 +--
 esphome/components/display/display.h   | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/display/display.cpp b/esphome/components/display/display.cpp
index ebc3c0a9f6..53a087803c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/display/display.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/display/display.cpp
@@ -9,8 +9,7 @@ namespace esphome {
 namespace display {
 static const char *const TAG = "display";
 
-const Color COLOR_OFF(0, 0, 0, 0);
-const Color COLOR_ON(255, 255, 255, 255);
+// COLOR_OFF and COLOR_ON are now inline constexpr in display.h
 
 void Display::fill(Color color) { this->filled_rectangle(0, 0, this->get_width(), this->get_height(), color); }
 void Display::clear() { this->fill(COLOR_OFF); }
diff --git a/esphome/components/display/display.h b/esphome/components/display/display.h
index 47d40915aa..e40f6ec963 100644
--- a/esphome/components/display/display.h
+++ b/esphome/components/display/display.h
@@ -298,9 +298,9 @@ using display_writer_t = DisplayWriter<Display>;
   }
 
 /// Turn the pixel OFF.
-extern const Color COLOR_OFF;
+inline constexpr Color COLOR_OFF(0, 0, 0, 0);
 /// Turn the pixel ON.
-extern const Color COLOR_ON;
+inline constexpr Color COLOR_ON(255, 255, 255, 255);
 
 class BaseImage {
  public:

From fb89900c64f2a88d6f86feaa43e453af8d83b53c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2026 08:22:36 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 041/609] [core] Make setup_priority and component state
 constants constexpr (#14041)

---
 esphome/core/component.cpp | 32 ++---------------------
 esphome/core/component.h   | 52 +++++++++++++++++++-------------------
 2 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 56 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/component.cpp b/esphome/core/component.cpp
index 90aa36f4db..a452f4d400 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/component.cpp
@@ -76,36 +76,8 @@ void store_component_error_message(const Component *component, const char *messa
 }
 }  // namespace
 
-namespace setup_priority {
-
-const float BUS = 1000.0f;
-const float IO = 900.0f;
-const float HARDWARE = 800.0f;
-const float DATA = 600.0f;
-const float PROCESSOR = 400.0;
-const float BLUETOOTH = 350.0f;
-const float AFTER_BLUETOOTH = 300.0f;
-const float WIFI = 250.0f;
-const float ETHERNET = 250.0f;
-const float BEFORE_CONNECTION = 220.0f;
-const float AFTER_WIFI = 200.0f;
-const float AFTER_CONNECTION = 100.0f;
-const float LATE = -100.0f;
-
-}  // namespace setup_priority
-
-// Component state uses bits 0-2 (8 states, 5 used)
-const uint8_t COMPONENT_STATE_MASK = 0x07;
-const uint8_t COMPONENT_STATE_CONSTRUCTION = 0x00;
-const uint8_t COMPONENT_STATE_SETUP = 0x01;
-const uint8_t COMPONENT_STATE_LOOP = 0x02;
-const uint8_t COMPONENT_STATE_FAILED = 0x03;
-const uint8_t COMPONENT_STATE_LOOP_DONE = 0x04;
-// Status LED uses bits 3-4
-const uint8_t STATUS_LED_MASK = 0x18;
-const uint8_t STATUS_LED_OK = 0x00;
-const uint8_t STATUS_LED_WARNING = 0x08;  // Bit 3
-const uint8_t STATUS_LED_ERROR = 0x10;    // Bit 4
+// setup_priority, component state, and status LED constants are now
+// constexpr in component.h
 
 const uint16_t WARN_IF_BLOCKING_OVER_MS = 50U;       ///< Initial blocking time allowed without warning
 const uint16_t WARN_IF_BLOCKING_INCREMENT_MS = 10U;  ///< How long the blocking time must be larger to warn again
diff --git a/esphome/core/component.h b/esphome/core/component.h
index 9ab77cc2f9..848bc0ba35 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component.h
+++ b/esphome/core/component.h
@@ -21,33 +21,31 @@ struct LogString;
 namespace setup_priority {
 
 /// For communication buses like i2c/spi
-extern const float BUS;
+inline constexpr float BUS = 1000.0f;
 /// For components that represent GPIO pins like PCF8573
-extern const float IO;
+inline constexpr float IO = 900.0f;
 /// For components that deal with hardware and are very important like GPIO switch
-extern const float HARDWARE;
+inline constexpr float HARDWARE = 800.0f;
 /// For components that import data from directly connected sensors like DHT.
-extern const float DATA;
-/// Alias for DATA (here for compatibility reasons)
-extern const float HARDWARE_LATE;
+inline constexpr float DATA = 600.0f;
 /// For components that use data from sensors like displays
-extern const float PROCESSOR;
-extern const float BLUETOOTH;
-extern const float AFTER_BLUETOOTH;
-extern const float WIFI;
-extern const float ETHERNET;
+inline constexpr float PROCESSOR = 400.0f;
+inline constexpr float BLUETOOTH = 350.0f;
+inline constexpr float AFTER_BLUETOOTH = 300.0f;
+inline constexpr float WIFI = 250.0f;
+inline constexpr float ETHERNET = 250.0f;
 /// For components that should be initialized after WiFi and before API is connected.
-extern const float BEFORE_CONNECTION;
+inline constexpr float BEFORE_CONNECTION = 220.0f;
 /// For components that should be initialized after WiFi is connected.
-extern const float AFTER_WIFI;
+inline constexpr float AFTER_WIFI = 200.0f;
 /// For components that should be initialized after a data connection (API/MQTT) is connected.
-extern const float AFTER_CONNECTION;
+inline constexpr float AFTER_CONNECTION = 100.0f;
 /// For components that should be initialized at the very end of the setup process.
-extern const float LATE;
+inline constexpr float LATE = -100.0f;
 
 }  // namespace setup_priority
 
-static const uint32_t SCHEDULER_DONT_RUN = 4294967295UL;
+inline constexpr uint32_t SCHEDULER_DONT_RUN = 4294967295UL;
 
 /// Type-safe scheduler IDs for core base classes.
 /// Uses a separate NameType (NUMERIC_ID_INTERNAL) so IDs can never collide
@@ -65,16 +63,18 @@ void log_update_interval(const char *tag, PollingComponent *component);
 
 #define LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this) log_update_interval(TAG, this)
 
-extern const uint8_t COMPONENT_STATE_MASK;
-extern const uint8_t COMPONENT_STATE_CONSTRUCTION;
-extern const uint8_t COMPONENT_STATE_SETUP;
-extern const uint8_t COMPONENT_STATE_LOOP;
-extern const uint8_t COMPONENT_STATE_FAILED;
-extern const uint8_t COMPONENT_STATE_LOOP_DONE;
-extern const uint8_t STATUS_LED_MASK;
-extern const uint8_t STATUS_LED_OK;
-extern const uint8_t STATUS_LED_WARNING;
-extern const uint8_t STATUS_LED_ERROR;
+// Component state uses bits 0-2 (8 states, 5 used)
+inline constexpr uint8_t COMPONENT_STATE_MASK = 0x07;
+inline constexpr uint8_t COMPONENT_STATE_CONSTRUCTION = 0x00;
+inline constexpr uint8_t COMPONENT_STATE_SETUP = 0x01;
+inline constexpr uint8_t COMPONENT_STATE_LOOP = 0x02;
+inline constexpr uint8_t COMPONENT_STATE_FAILED = 0x03;
+inline constexpr uint8_t COMPONENT_STATE_LOOP_DONE = 0x04;
+// Status LED uses bits 3-4
+inline constexpr uint8_t STATUS_LED_MASK = 0x18;
+inline constexpr uint8_t STATUS_LED_OK = 0x00;
+inline constexpr uint8_t STATUS_LED_WARNING = 0x08;
+inline constexpr uint8_t STATUS_LED_ERROR = 0x10;
 
 // Remove before 2026.8.0
 enum class RetryResult { DONE, RETRY };

From 652c669777ecaa125f575aa7eac72bf7f5cc5a1d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2026 09:08:02 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 042/609] Bump pillow from 11.3.0 to 12.1.1 (#14048)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 requirements.txt | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index a0a29ad30a..77d30ecd3d 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ puremagic==1.30
 ruamel.yaml==0.19.1 # dashboard_import
 ruamel.yaml.clib==0.2.15 # dashboard_import
 esphome-glyphsets==0.2.0
-pillow==11.3.0
+pillow==12.1.1
 resvg-py==0.2.6
 freetype-py==2.5.1
 jinja2==3.1.6

From f73bcc0e7bebba965a76859f680ac16681833a4f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2026 09:08:12 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 043/609] Bump cryptography from 45.0.1 to 46.0.5 (#14049)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 requirements.txt | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index 77d30ecd3d..2e6268284a 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-cryptography==45.0.1
+cryptography==46.0.5
 voluptuous==0.16.0
 PyYAML==6.0.3
 paho-mqtt==1.6.1

From 9cd7b0b32b1a4c27a3b0673b1d10187e69e55109 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2026 13:09:33 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 044/609] [external_components] Clean up incomplete clone on
 failed ref fetch (#14051)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py |   4 +-
 esphome/git.py                       |  47 ++++++-----
 esphome/helpers.py                   |  20 ++++-
 esphome/writer.py                    |  27 +------
 tests/unit_tests/test_git.py         | 113 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 5 files changed, 162 insertions(+), 49 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
index b78b945a24..8b3e1afea6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
@@ -44,9 +44,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
 from esphome.core import CORE, HexInt, TimePeriod
 from esphome.coroutine import CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
-from esphome.helpers import copy_file_if_changed, write_file_if_changed
+from esphome.helpers import copy_file_if_changed, rmtree, write_file_if_changed
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
-from esphome.writer import clean_cmake_cache, rmtree
+from esphome.writer import clean_cmake_cache
 
 from .boards import BOARDS, STANDARD_BOARDS
 from .const import (  # noqa
diff --git a/esphome/git.py b/esphome/git.py
index 4ff07ffe75..a45768b5cd 100644
--- a/esphome/git.py
+++ b/esphome/git.py
@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ import hashlib
 import logging
 from pathlib import Path
 import re
-import shutil
 import subprocess
 import urllib.parse
 
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.core import CORE, TimePeriodSeconds
+from esphome.helpers import rmtree
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -115,24 +115,35 @@ def clone_or_update(
     if not repo_dir.is_dir():
         _LOGGER.info("Cloning %s", key)
         _LOGGER.debug("Location: %s", repo_dir)
-        cmd = ["git", "clone", "--depth=1"]
-        cmd += ["--", url, str(repo_dir)]
-        run_git_command(cmd)
+        try:
+            cmd = ["git", "clone", "--depth=1"]
+            cmd += ["--", url, str(repo_dir)]
+            run_git_command(cmd)
 
-        if ref is not None:
-            # We need to fetch the PR branch first, otherwise git will complain
-            # about missing objects
-            _LOGGER.info("Fetching %s", ref)
-            run_git_command(["git", "fetch", "--", "origin", ref], git_dir=repo_dir)
-            run_git_command(["git", "reset", "--hard", "FETCH_HEAD"], git_dir=repo_dir)
+            if ref is not None:
+                # We need to fetch the PR branch first, otherwise git will complain
+                # about missing objects
+                _LOGGER.info("Fetching %s", ref)
+                run_git_command(["git", "fetch", "--", "origin", ref], git_dir=repo_dir)
+                run_git_command(
+                    ["git", "reset", "--hard", "FETCH_HEAD"], git_dir=repo_dir
+                )
 
-        if submodules is not None:
-            _LOGGER.info(
-                "Initializing submodules (%s) for %s", ", ".join(submodules), key
-            )
-            run_git_command(
-                ["git", "submodule", "update", "--init"] + submodules, git_dir=repo_dir
-            )
+            if submodules is not None:
+                _LOGGER.info(
+                    "Initializing submodules (%s) for %s", ", ".join(submodules), key
+                )
+                run_git_command(
+                    ["git", "submodule", "update", "--init"] + submodules,
+                    git_dir=repo_dir,
+                )
+        except GitException:
+            # Remove incomplete clone to prevent stale state. Without this,
+            # a failed ref fetch leaves a clone on the default branch, and
+            # subsequent calls skip the update due to the refresh window.
+            if repo_dir.is_dir():
+                rmtree(repo_dir)
+            raise
 
     else:
         # Check refresh needed
@@ -193,7 +204,7 @@ def clone_or_update(
                     err,
                 )
                 _LOGGER.info("Removing broken repository at %s", repo_dir)
-                shutil.rmtree(repo_dir)
+                rmtree(repo_dir)
                 _LOGGER.info("Successfully removed broken repository, re-cloning...")
 
                 # Recursively call clone_or_update to re-clone
diff --git a/esphome/helpers.py b/esphome/helpers.py
index ae142b7f8b..145ebd4096 100644
--- a/esphome/helpers.py
+++ b/esphome/helpers.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from pathlib import Path
 import platform
 import re
 import shutil
+import stat
 import tempfile
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 from urllib.parse import urlparse
@@ -354,6 +355,23 @@ def is_ha_addon():
     return get_bool_env("ESPHOME_IS_HA_ADDON")
 
 
+def rmtree(path: Path | str) -> None:
+    """Remove a directory tree, handling read-only files on Windows.
+
+    On Windows, git pack files and other files may be marked read-only,
+    causing shutil.rmtree to fail. This handles that by removing the
+    read-only flag and retrying.
+    """
+
+    def _onerror(func, path, exc_info):
+        if os.access(path, os.W_OK):
+            raise exc_info[1].with_traceback(exc_info[2])
+        os.chmod(path, stat.S_IWUSR | stat.S_IRUSR)
+        func(path)
+
+    shutil.rmtree(path, onerror=_onerror)
+
+
 def walk_files(path: Path):
     for root, _, files in os.walk(path):
         for name in files:
@@ -481,8 +499,6 @@ def list_starts_with(list_, sub):
 
 def file_compare(path1: Path, path2: Path) -> bool:
     """Return True if the files path1 and path2 have the same contents."""
-    import stat
-
     try:
         stat1, stat2 = path1.stat(), path2.stat()
     except OSError:
diff --git a/esphome/writer.py b/esphome/writer.py
index 661118e518..fd4c811fb3 100644
--- a/esphome/writer.py
+++ b/esphome/writer.py
@@ -1,14 +1,10 @@
-from collections.abc import Callable
 import importlib
 import json
 import logging
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
 import re
-import shutil
-import stat
 import time
-from types import TracebackType
 
 from esphome import loader
 from esphome.config import iter_component_configs, iter_components
@@ -25,6 +21,7 @@ from esphome.helpers import (
     get_str_env,
     is_ha_addon,
     read_file,
+    rmtree,
     walk_files,
     write_file,
     write_file_if_changed,
@@ -404,28 +401,6 @@ def clean_cmake_cache():
             pioenvs_cmake_path.unlink()
 
 
-def _rmtree_error_handler(
-    func: Callable[[str], object],
-    path: str,
-    exc_info: tuple[type[BaseException], BaseException, TracebackType | None],
-) -> None:
-    """Error handler for shutil.rmtree to handle read-only files on Windows.
-
-    On Windows, git pack files and other files may be marked read-only,
-    causing shutil.rmtree to fail with "Access is denied". This handler
-    removes the read-only flag and retries the deletion.
-    """
-    if os.access(path, os.W_OK):
-        raise exc_info[1].with_traceback(exc_info[2])
-    os.chmod(path, stat.S_IWUSR | stat.S_IRUSR)
-    func(path)
-
-
-def rmtree(path: Path | str) -> None:
-    """Remove a directory tree, handling read-only files on Windows."""
-    shutil.rmtree(path, onerror=_rmtree_error_handler)
-
-
 def clean_build(clear_pio_cache: bool = True):
     # Allow skipping cache cleaning for integration tests
     if os.environ.get("ESPHOME_SKIP_CLEAN_BUILD"):
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_git.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_git.py
index 0411fe5e43..745dfad487 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_git.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_git.py
@@ -656,7 +656,7 @@ def test_clone_or_update_recover_broken_flag_prevents_infinite_loop(
     # Should raise on the second attempt when _recover_broken=False
     # This hits the "if not _recover_broken: raise" path
     with (
-        unittest.mock.patch("esphome.git.shutil.rmtree", side_effect=mock_rmtree),
+        unittest.mock.patch("esphome.git.rmtree", side_effect=mock_rmtree),
         pytest.raises(GitCommandError, match="fatal: unable to write new index file"),
     ):
         git.clone_or_update(
@@ -671,3 +671,114 @@ def test_clone_or_update_recover_broken_flag_prevents_infinite_loop(
     stash_calls = [c for c in call_list if "stash" in c[0][0]]
     # Should have exactly two stash calls
     assert len(stash_calls) == 2
+
+
+def test_clone_or_update_cleans_up_on_failed_ref_fetch(
+    tmp_path: Path, mock_run_git_command: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """Test that a failed ref fetch removes the incomplete clone directory.
+
+    When cloning with a specific ref, if `git clone` succeeds but the
+    subsequent `git fetch <ref>` fails, the clone directory should be
+    removed so the next attempt starts fresh instead of finding a stale
+    clone on the default branch.
+    """
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+
+    url = "https://github.com/test/repo"
+    ref = "pull/123/head"
+    domain = "test"
+    repo_dir = _compute_repo_dir(url, ref, domain)
+
+    def git_command_side_effect(
+        cmd: list[str], cwd: str | None = None, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> str:
+        cmd_type = _get_git_command_type(cmd)
+        if cmd_type == "clone":
+            # Simulate successful clone by creating the directory
+            repo_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+            (repo_dir / ".git").mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+            return ""
+        if cmd_type == "fetch":
+            raise GitCommandError("fatal: couldn't find remote ref pull/123/head")
+        return ""
+
+    mock_run_git_command.side_effect = git_command_side_effect
+
+    refresh = TimePeriodSeconds(days=1)
+
+    with pytest.raises(GitCommandError, match="couldn't find remote ref"):
+        git.clone_or_update(
+            url=url,
+            ref=ref,
+            refresh=refresh,
+            domain=domain,
+        )
+
+    # The incomplete clone directory should have been removed
+    assert not repo_dir.exists()
+
+    # Verify clone was attempted then fetch failed
+    call_list = mock_run_git_command.call_args_list
+    clone_calls = [c for c in call_list if "clone" in c[0][0]]
+    assert len(clone_calls) == 1
+    fetch_calls = [c for c in call_list if "fetch" in c[0][0]]
+    assert len(fetch_calls) == 1
+
+
+def test_clone_or_update_stale_clone_is_retried_after_cleanup(
+    tmp_path: Path, mock_run_git_command: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """Test that after cleanup, a subsequent call does a fresh clone.
+
+    This is the full scenario: first call fails at fetch (directory cleaned up),
+    second call sees no directory and clones fresh.
+    """
+    CORE.config_path = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+
+    url = "https://github.com/test/repo"
+    ref = "pull/123/head"
+    domain = "test"
+    repo_dir = _compute_repo_dir(url, ref, domain)
+
+    call_count = {"clone": 0, "fetch": 0}
+
+    def git_command_side_effect(
+        cmd: list[str], cwd: str | None = None, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> str:
+        cmd_type = _get_git_command_type(cmd)
+        if cmd_type == "clone":
+            call_count["clone"] += 1
+            repo_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+            (repo_dir / ".git").mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+            return ""
+        if cmd_type == "fetch":
+            call_count["fetch"] += 1
+            if call_count["fetch"] == 1:
+                # First fetch fails
+                raise GitCommandError("fatal: couldn't find remote ref pull/123/head")
+            # Second fetch succeeds
+            return ""
+        if cmd_type == "reset":
+            return ""
+        return ""
+
+    mock_run_git_command.side_effect = git_command_side_effect
+
+    refresh = TimePeriodSeconds(days=1)
+
+    # First call: clone succeeds, fetch fails, directory cleaned up
+    with pytest.raises(GitCommandError, match="couldn't find remote ref"):
+        git.clone_or_update(url=url, ref=ref, refresh=refresh, domain=domain)
+
+    assert not repo_dir.exists()
+
+    # Second call: fresh clone + fetch succeeds
+    result_dir, _ = git.clone_or_update(
+        url=url, ref=ref, refresh=refresh, domain=domain
+    )
+
+    assert result_dir == repo_dir
+    assert repo_dir.exists()
+    assert call_count["clone"] == 2
+    assert call_count["fetch"] == 2

From 4a038978d27b4ed193de8fb934ff32221ae9a31f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2026 15:04:14 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 045/609] [pca9685] Make mode constants inline constexpr
 (#14042)

---
 esphome/components/pca9685/pca9685_output.cpp |  6 +-----
 esphome/components/pca9685/pca9685_output.h   | 10 +++++-----
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/pca9685/pca9685_output.cpp b/esphome/components/pca9685/pca9685_output.cpp
index 77e3d5a6c6..89a6bcdcc0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pca9685/pca9685_output.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pca9685/pca9685_output.cpp
@@ -8,11 +8,7 @@ namespace pca9685 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "pca9685";
 
-const uint8_t PCA9685_MODE_INVERTED = 0x10;
-const uint8_t PCA9685_MODE_OUTPUT_ONACK = 0x08;
-const uint8_t PCA9685_MODE_OUTPUT_TOTEM_POLE = 0x04;
-const uint8_t PCA9685_MODE_OUTNE_HIGHZ = 0x02;
-const uint8_t PCA9685_MODE_OUTNE_LOW = 0x01;
+// PCA9685 mode constants are now inline constexpr in pca9685_output.h
 
 static const uint8_t PCA9685_REGISTER_SOFTWARE_RESET = 0x06;
 static const uint8_t PCA9685_REGISTER_MODE1 = 0x00;
diff --git a/esphome/components/pca9685/pca9685_output.h b/esphome/components/pca9685/pca9685_output.h
index 288c923d4c..785cc974da 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pca9685/pca9685_output.h
+++ b/esphome/components/pca9685/pca9685_output.h
@@ -13,15 +13,15 @@ enum class PhaseBalancer {
 };
 
 /// Inverts polarity of channel output signal
-extern const uint8_t PCA9685_MODE_INVERTED;
+inline constexpr uint8_t PCA9685_MODE_INVERTED = 0x10;
 /// Channel update happens upon ACK (post-set) rather than on STOP (endTransmission)
-extern const uint8_t PCA9685_MODE_OUTPUT_ONACK;
+inline constexpr uint8_t PCA9685_MODE_OUTPUT_ONACK = 0x08;
 /// Use a totem-pole (push-pull) style output rather than an open-drain structure.
-extern const uint8_t PCA9685_MODE_OUTPUT_TOTEM_POLE;
+inline constexpr uint8_t PCA9685_MODE_OUTPUT_TOTEM_POLE = 0x04;
 /// For active low output enable, sets channel output to high-impedance state
-extern const uint8_t PCA9685_MODE_OUTNE_HIGHZ;
+inline constexpr uint8_t PCA9685_MODE_OUTNE_HIGHZ = 0x02;
 /// Similarly, sets channel output to high if in totem-pole mode, otherwise
-extern const uint8_t PCA9685_MODE_OUTNE_LOW;
+inline constexpr uint8_t PCA9685_MODE_OUTNE_LOW = 0x01;
 
 class PCA9685Output;
 

From 82cfa00a97a8b6c9d0361c2bec66c3723a2be6e6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2026 15:04:30 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 046/609] [tlc59208f] Make mode constants inline constexpr
 (#14043)

---
 esphome/components/tlc59208f/tlc59208f_output.cpp | 12 +-----------
 esphome/components/tlc59208f/tlc59208f_output.h   | 14 +++++++-------
 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/tlc59208f/tlc59208f_output.cpp b/esphome/components/tlc59208f/tlc59208f_output.cpp
index 85311a877c..d35585fe5f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tlc59208f/tlc59208f_output.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/tlc59208f/tlc59208f_output.cpp
@@ -26,17 +26,7 @@ const uint8_t TLC59208F_MODE1_SUB3 = (1 << 1);
 // 0: device doesn't respond to i2c all-call 3, 1*: responds to all-call
 const uint8_t TLC59208F_MODE1_ALLCALL = (1 << 0);
 
-// 0*: Group dimming, 1: Group blinking
-const uint8_t TLC59208F_MODE2_DMBLNK = (1 << 5);
-// 0*: Output change on Stop command, 1: Output change on ACK
-const uint8_t TLC59208F_MODE2_OCH = (1 << 3);
-// 0*: WDT disabled, 1: WDT enabled
-const uint8_t TLC59208F_MODE2_WDTEN = (1 << 2);
-// WDT timeouts
-const uint8_t TLC59208F_MODE2_WDT_5MS = (0 << 0);
-const uint8_t TLC59208F_MODE2_WDT_15MS = (1 << 0);
-const uint8_t TLC59208F_MODE2_WDT_25MS = (2 << 0);
-const uint8_t TLC59208F_MODE2_WDT_35MS = (3 << 0);
+// TLC59208F MODE2 constants are now inline constexpr in tlc59208f_output.h
 
 // --- Special function ---
 // Call address to perform software reset, no devices will ACK
diff --git a/esphome/components/tlc59208f/tlc59208f_output.h b/esphome/components/tlc59208f/tlc59208f_output.h
index 68ca8061d7..34663cd364 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tlc59208f/tlc59208f_output.h
+++ b/esphome/components/tlc59208f/tlc59208f_output.h
@@ -9,16 +9,16 @@ namespace esphome {
 namespace tlc59208f {
 
 // 0*: Group dimming, 1: Group blinking
-extern const uint8_t TLC59208F_MODE2_DMBLNK;
+inline constexpr uint8_t TLC59208F_MODE2_DMBLNK = (1 << 5);
 // 0*: Output change on Stop command, 1: Output change on ACK
-extern const uint8_t TLC59208F_MODE2_OCH;
+inline constexpr uint8_t TLC59208F_MODE2_OCH = (1 << 3);
 // 0*: WDT disabled, 1: WDT enabled
-extern const uint8_t TLC59208F_MODE2_WDTEN;
+inline constexpr uint8_t TLC59208F_MODE2_WDTEN = (1 << 2);
 // WDT timeouts
-extern const uint8_t TLC59208F_MODE2_WDT_5MS;
-extern const uint8_t TLC59208F_MODE2_WDT_15MS;
-extern const uint8_t TLC59208F_MODE2_WDT_25MS;
-extern const uint8_t TLC59208F_MODE2_WDT_35MS;
+inline constexpr uint8_t TLC59208F_MODE2_WDT_5MS = (0 << 0);
+inline constexpr uint8_t TLC59208F_MODE2_WDT_15MS = (1 << 0);
+inline constexpr uint8_t TLC59208F_MODE2_WDT_25MS = (2 << 0);
+inline constexpr uint8_t TLC59208F_MODE2_WDT_35MS = (3 << 0);
 
 class TLC59208FOutput;
 

From 09fc0288953d13a09bafef3e9038b36d3ff4c1ee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2026 15:16:26 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 047/609] [core] Remove dead global_state variable (#14060)

---
 esphome/core/component.cpp | 2 --
 1 file changed, 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/component.cpp b/esphome/core/component.cpp
index a452f4d400..47c4a70c0f 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/component.cpp
@@ -82,8 +82,6 @@ void store_component_error_message(const Component *component, const char *messa
 const uint16_t WARN_IF_BLOCKING_OVER_MS = 50U;       ///< Initial blocking time allowed without warning
 const uint16_t WARN_IF_BLOCKING_INCREMENT_MS = 10U;  ///< How long the blocking time must be larger to warn again
 
-uint32_t global_state = 0;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
-
 float Component::get_loop_priority() const { return 0.0f; }
 
 float Component::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::DATA; }

From 02e310f2c9549349ae12615f3fec627d9189479a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2026 16:48:13 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 048/609] [core] Remove unnecessary IRAM_ATTR from yield(),
 delay(), feed_wdt(), and arch_feed_wdt() (#14063)

---
 esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp     | 6 +++---
 esphome/components/esp8266/core.cpp   | 6 +++---
 esphome/components/host/core.cpp      | 6 +++---
 esphome/components/libretiny/core.cpp | 6 +++---
 esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp    | 6 +++---
 esphome/core/application.cpp          | 2 +-
 6 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp
index 09a45c14a6..202d929ab9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ extern "C" __attribute__((weak)) void initArduino() {}
 
 namespace esphome {
 
-void IRAM_ATTR HOT yield() { vPortYield(); }
+void HOT yield() { vPortYield(); }
 uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT millis() { return (uint32_t) (esp_timer_get_time() / 1000ULL); }
-void IRAM_ATTR HOT delay(uint32_t ms) { vTaskDelay(ms / portTICK_PERIOD_MS); }
+void HOT delay(uint32_t ms) { vTaskDelay(ms / portTICK_PERIOD_MS); }
 uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT micros() { return (uint32_t) esp_timer_get_time(); }
 void IRAM_ATTR HOT delayMicroseconds(uint32_t us) { delay_microseconds_safe(us); }
 void arch_restart() {
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ void arch_init() {
   esp_ota_mark_app_valid_cancel_rollback();
 #endif
 }
-void IRAM_ATTR HOT arch_feed_wdt() { esp_task_wdt_reset(); }
+void HOT arch_feed_wdt() { esp_task_wdt_reset(); }
 
 uint8_t progmem_read_byte(const uint8_t *addr) { return *addr; }
 uint32_t arch_get_cpu_cycle_count() { return esp_cpu_get_cycle_count(); }
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266/core.cpp b/esphome/components/esp8266/core.cpp
index 784b87916b..236d3022be 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp8266/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266/core.cpp
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ extern "C" {
 
 namespace esphome {
 
-void IRAM_ATTR HOT yield() { ::yield(); }
+void HOT yield() { ::yield(); }
 uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT millis() { return ::millis(); }
-void IRAM_ATTR HOT delay(uint32_t ms) { ::delay(ms); }
+void HOT delay(uint32_t ms) { ::delay(ms); }
 uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT micros() { return ::micros(); }
 void IRAM_ATTR HOT delayMicroseconds(uint32_t us) { delay_microseconds_safe(us); }
 void arch_restart() {
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ void arch_restart() {
   }
 }
 void arch_init() {}
-void IRAM_ATTR HOT arch_feed_wdt() { system_soft_wdt_feed(); }
+void HOT arch_feed_wdt() { system_soft_wdt_feed(); }
 
 uint8_t progmem_read_byte(const uint8_t *addr) {
   return pgm_read_byte(addr);  // NOLINT
diff --git a/esphome/components/host/core.cpp b/esphome/components/host/core.cpp
index 164d622dd4..c20a33fa37 100644
--- a/esphome/components/host/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/host/core.cpp
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome {
 
-void IRAM_ATTR HOT yield() { ::sched_yield(); }
+void HOT yield() { ::sched_yield(); }
 uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT millis() {
   struct timespec spec;
   clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &spec);
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT millis() {
   uint32_t ms = round(spec.tv_nsec / 1e6);
   return ((uint32_t) seconds) * 1000U + ms;
 }
-void IRAM_ATTR HOT delay(uint32_t ms) {
+void HOT delay(uint32_t ms) {
   struct timespec ts;
   ts.tv_sec = ms / 1000;
   ts.tv_nsec = (ms % 1000) * 1000000;
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ void arch_restart() { exit(0); }
 void arch_init() {
   // pass
 }
-void IRAM_ATTR HOT arch_feed_wdt() {
+void HOT arch_feed_wdt() {
   // pass
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/libretiny/core.cpp b/esphome/components/libretiny/core.cpp
index b22740f02a..4dda7c3856 100644
--- a/esphome/components/libretiny/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/libretiny/core.cpp
@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ void loop();
 
 namespace esphome {
 
-void IRAM_ATTR HOT yield() { ::yield(); }
+void HOT yield() { ::yield(); }
 uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT millis() { return ::millis(); }
 uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT micros() { return ::micros(); }
-void IRAM_ATTR HOT delay(uint32_t ms) { ::delay(ms); }
+void HOT delay(uint32_t ms) { ::delay(ms); }
 void IRAM_ATTR HOT delayMicroseconds(uint32_t us) { ::delayMicroseconds(us); }
 
 void arch_init() {
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ void arch_restart() {
   while (1) {
   }
 }
-void IRAM_ATTR HOT arch_feed_wdt() { lt_wdt_feed(); }
+void HOT arch_feed_wdt() { lt_wdt_feed(); }
 uint32_t arch_get_cpu_cycle_count() { return lt_cpu_get_cycle_count(); }
 uint32_t arch_get_cpu_freq_hz() { return lt_cpu_get_freq(); }
 uint8_t progmem_read_byte(const uint8_t *addr) { return *addr; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp b/esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp
index d88e9f54b7..37378d88bb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp
@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@
 
 namespace esphome {
 
-void IRAM_ATTR HOT yield() { ::yield(); }
+void HOT yield() { ::yield(); }
 uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT millis() { return ::millis(); }
-void IRAM_ATTR HOT delay(uint32_t ms) { ::delay(ms); }
+void HOT delay(uint32_t ms) { ::delay(ms); }
 uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT micros() { return ::micros(); }
 void IRAM_ATTR HOT delayMicroseconds(uint32_t us) { delay_microseconds_safe(us); }
 void arch_restart() {
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ void arch_init() {
 #endif
 }
 
-void IRAM_ATTR HOT arch_feed_wdt() { watchdog_update(); }
+void HOT arch_feed_wdt() { watchdog_update(); }
 
 uint8_t progmem_read_byte(const uint8_t *addr) {
   return pgm_read_byte(addr);  // NOLINT
diff --git a/esphome/core/application.cpp b/esphome/core/application.cpp
index 449acc64cf..406885fd81 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/application.cpp
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ void Application::process_dump_config_() {
   this->dump_config_at_++;
 }
 
-void IRAM_ATTR HOT Application::feed_wdt(uint32_t time) {
+void HOT Application::feed_wdt(uint32_t time) {
   static uint32_t last_feed = 0;
   // Use provided time if available, otherwise get current time
   uint32_t now = time ? time : millis();

From 387f615dae037ad8a19dd6f0fad7e04741eee1d7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2026 16:48:30 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 049/609] [api] Add handshake timeout to prevent connection
 slot exhaustion (#14050)

---
 esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp | 23 ++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 22 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
index 4d564af9e2..5a7994a322 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
@@ -60,6 +60,11 @@ static constexpr uint8_t MAX_MESSAGES_PER_LOOP = 5;
 static constexpr uint8_t MAX_PING_RETRIES = 60;
 static constexpr uint16_t PING_RETRY_INTERVAL = 1000;
 static constexpr uint32_t KEEPALIVE_DISCONNECT_TIMEOUT = (KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_MS * 5) / 2;
+// Timeout for completing the handshake (Noise transport + HelloRequest).
+// A stalled handshake from a buggy client or network glitch holds a connection
+// slot, which can prevent legitimate clients from reconnecting. Also hardens
+// against the less likely case of intentional connection slot exhaustion.
+static constexpr uint32_t HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT_MS = 15000;
 
 static constexpr auto ESPHOME_VERSION_REF = StringRef::from_lit(ESPHOME_VERSION);
 
@@ -205,7 +210,12 @@ void APIConnection::loop() {
         this->fatal_error_with_log_(LOG_STR("Reading failed"), err);
         return;
       } else {
-        this->last_traffic_ = now;
+        // Only update last_traffic_ after authentication to ensure the
+        // handshake timeout is an absolute deadline from connection start.
+        // Pre-auth messages (e.g. PingRequest) must not reset the timer.
+        if (this->is_authenticated()) {
+          this->last_traffic_ = now;
+        }
         // read a packet
         this->read_message(buffer.data_len, buffer.type, buffer.data);
         if (this->flags_.remove)
@@ -223,6 +233,15 @@ void APIConnection::loop() {
     this->process_active_iterator_();
   }
 
+  // Disconnect clients that haven't completed the handshake in time.
+  // Stale half-open connections from buggy clients or network issues can
+  // accumulate and block legitimate clients from reconnecting.
+  if (!this->is_authenticated() && now - this->last_traffic_ > HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT_MS) {
+    this->on_fatal_error();
+    this->log_client_(ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_WARN, LOG_STR("handshake timeout; disconnecting"));
+    return;
+  }
+
   if (this->flags_.sent_ping) {
     // Disconnect if not responded within 2.5*keepalive
     if (now - this->last_traffic_ > KEEPALIVE_DISCONNECT_TIMEOUT) {
@@ -1484,6 +1503,8 @@ void APIConnection::complete_authentication_() {
   }
 
   this->flags_.connection_state = static_cast<uint8_t>(ConnectionState::AUTHENTICATED);
+  // Reset traffic timer so keepalive starts from authentication, not connection start
+  this->last_traffic_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
   this->log_client_(ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG, LOG_STR("connected"));
 #ifdef USE_API_CLIENT_CONNECTED_TRIGGER
   {

From d90754dc0a182785575f2232f3faa29c4d787c84 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2026 16:49:19 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 050/609] [http_request] Replace heavy STL containers with
 std::vector for headers (#14024)

---
 esphome/components/http_request/__init__.py   |  2 +-
 .../components/http_request/http_request.cpp  | 22 +++----
 .../components/http_request/http_request.h    | 58 ++++++++++++-------
 .../http_request/http_request_arduino.cpp     | 12 ++--
 .../http_request/http_request_arduino.h       |  2 +-
 .../http_request/http_request_host.cpp        |  6 +-
 .../http_request/http_request_host.h          |  2 +-
 .../http_request/http_request_idf.cpp         | 16 ++---
 .../http_request/http_request_idf.h           |  7 +--
 9 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 62 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/__init__.py b/esphome/components/http_request/__init__.py
index 64d74323d6..5faffccbe4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/__init__.py
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ async def http_request_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
         cg.add(var.add_request_header(key, template_))
 
     for value in config.get(CONF_COLLECT_HEADERS, []):
-        cg.add(var.add_collect_header(value))
+        cg.add(var.add_collect_header(value.lower()))
 
     if response_conf := config.get(CONF_ON_RESPONSE):
         if capture_response:
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request.cpp b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request.cpp
index 11dde4715a..6590d2018e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request.cpp
@@ -22,23 +22,15 @@ void HttpRequestComponent::dump_config() {
 }
 
 std::string HttpContainer::get_response_header(const std::string &header_name) {
-  auto response_headers = this->get_response_headers();
-  auto header_name_lower_case = str_lower_case(header_name);
-  if (response_headers.count(header_name_lower_case) == 0) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "No header with name %s found", header_name_lower_case.c_str());
-    return "";
-  } else {
-    auto values = response_headers[header_name_lower_case];
-    if (values.empty()) {
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "header with name %s returned an empty list, this shouldn't happen",
-               header_name_lower_case.c_str());
-      return "";
-    } else {
-      auto header_value = values.front();
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Header with name %s found with value %s", header_name_lower_case.c_str(), header_value.c_str());
-      return header_value;
+  auto lower = str_lower_case(header_name);
+  for (const auto &entry : this->response_headers_) {
+    if (entry.name == lower) {
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Header with name %s found with value %s", lower.c_str(), entry.value.c_str());
+      return entry.value;
     }
   }
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "No header with name %s found", lower.c_str());
+  return "";
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::http_request
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request.h b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request.h
index a427cc4a05..458ffe94a8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request.h
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request.h
@@ -80,6 +80,16 @@ inline bool is_redirect(int const status) {
  */
 inline bool is_success(int const status) { return status >= HTTP_STATUS_OK && status < HTTP_STATUS_MULTIPLE_CHOICES; }
 
+/// Check if a header name should be collected (linear scan, fine for small lists)
+inline bool should_collect_header(const std::vector<std::string> &lower_case_collect_headers,
+                                  const std::string &lower_header_name) {
+  for (const auto &h : lower_case_collect_headers) {
+    if (h == lower_header_name)
+      return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
 /*
  * HTTP Container Read Semantics
  * =============================
@@ -258,20 +268,13 @@ class HttpContainer : public Parented<HttpRequestComponent> {
     return !this->is_chunked_ && this->bytes_read_ >= this->content_length;
   }
 
-  /**
-   * @brief Get response headers.
-   *
-   * @return The key is the lower case response header name, the value is the header value.
-   */
-  std::map<std::string, std::list<std::string>> get_response_headers() { return this->response_headers_; }
-
   std::string get_response_header(const std::string &header_name);
 
  protected:
   size_t bytes_read_{0};
   bool secure_{false};
   bool is_chunked_{false};  ///< True if response uses chunked transfer encoding
-  std::map<std::string, std::list<std::string>> response_headers_{};
+  std::vector<Header> response_headers_{};
 };
 
 /// Read data from HTTP container into buffer with timeout handling
@@ -333,8 +336,8 @@ class HttpRequestComponent : public Component {
     return this->start(url, "GET", "", request_headers);
   }
   std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> get(const std::string &url, const std::list<Header> &request_headers,
-                                     const std::set<std::string> &collect_headers) {
-    return this->start(url, "GET", "", request_headers, collect_headers);
+                                     const std::vector<std::string> &lower_case_collect_headers) {
+    return this->start(url, "GET", "", request_headers, lower_case_collect_headers);
   }
   std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> post(const std::string &url, const std::string &body) {
     return this->start(url, "POST", body, {});
@@ -345,29 +348,40 @@ class HttpRequestComponent : public Component {
   }
   std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> post(const std::string &url, const std::string &body,
                                       const std::list<Header> &request_headers,
-                                      const std::set<std::string> &collect_headers) {
-    return this->start(url, "POST", body, request_headers, collect_headers);
+                                      const std::vector<std::string> &lower_case_collect_headers) {
+    return this->start(url, "POST", body, request_headers, lower_case_collect_headers);
   }
 
   std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> start(const std::string &url, const std::string &method, const std::string &body,
                                        const std::list<Header> &request_headers) {
-    return this->start(url, method, body, request_headers, {});
+    // Call perform() directly to avoid ambiguity with the std::set overload
+    return this->perform(url, method, body, request_headers, {});
+  }
+
+  // Remove before 2027.1.0
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Pass collect_headers as std::vector<std::string> instead of std::set. Removed in 2027.1.0.",
+                "2026.7.0")
+  std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> start(const std::string &url, const std::string &method, const std::string &body,
+                                       const std::list<Header> &request_headers,
+                                       const std::set<std::string> &collect_headers) {
+    std::vector<std::string> lower;
+    lower.reserve(collect_headers.size());
+    for (const auto &h : collect_headers) {
+      lower.push_back(str_lower_case(h));
+    }
+    return this->perform(url, method, body, request_headers, lower);
   }
 
   std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> start(const std::string &url, const std::string &method, const std::string &body,
                                        const std::list<Header> &request_headers,
-                                       const std::set<std::string> &collect_headers) {
-    std::set<std::string> lower_case_collect_headers;
-    for (const std::string &collect_header : collect_headers) {
-      lower_case_collect_headers.insert(str_lower_case(collect_header));
-    }
+                                       const std::vector<std::string> &lower_case_collect_headers) {
     return this->perform(url, method, body, request_headers, lower_case_collect_headers);
   }
 
  protected:
   virtual std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> perform(const std::string &url, const std::string &method,
                                                  const std::string &body, const std::list<Header> &request_headers,
-                                                 const std::set<std::string> &collect_headers) = 0;
+                                                 const std::vector<std::string> &lower_case_collect_headers) = 0;
   const char *useragent_{nullptr};
   bool follow_redirects_{};
   uint16_t redirect_limit_{};
@@ -389,7 +403,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class HttpRequestSendAction : public Action<Ts...> {
     this->request_headers_.insert({key, value});
   }
 
-  void add_collect_header(const char *value) { this->collect_headers_.insert(value); }
+  void add_collect_header(const char *value) { this->lower_case_collect_headers_.push_back(value); }
 
   void add_json(const char *key, TemplatableValue<std::string, Ts...> value) { this->json_.insert({key, value}); }
 
@@ -431,7 +445,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class HttpRequestSendAction : public Action<Ts...> {
     }
 
     auto container = this->parent_->start(this->url_.value(x...), this->method_.value(x...), body, request_headers,
-                                          this->collect_headers_);
+                                          this->lower_case_collect_headers_);
 
     auto captured_args = std::make_tuple(x...);
 
@@ -494,7 +508,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class HttpRequestSendAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   void encode_json_func_(Ts... x, JsonObject root) { this->json_func_(x..., root); }
   HttpRequestComponent *parent_;
   std::map<const char *, TemplatableValue<const char *, Ts...>> request_headers_{};
-  std::set<std::string> collect_headers_{"content-type", "content-length"};
+  std::vector<std::string> lower_case_collect_headers_{"content-type", "content-length"};
   std::map<const char *, TemplatableValue<std::string, Ts...>> json_{};
   std::function<void(Ts..., JsonObject)> json_func_{nullptr};
 #ifdef USE_HTTP_REQUEST_RESPONSE
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.cpp b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.cpp
index e5b919e380..3f60b76b58 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.cpp
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ static constexpr int ESP8266_SSL_ERR_OOM = -1000;
 std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestArduino::perform(const std::string &url, const std::string &method,
                                                            const std::string &body,
                                                            const std::list<Header> &request_headers,
-                                                           const std::set<std::string> &collect_headers) {
+                                                           const std::vector<std::string> &lower_case_collect_headers) {
   if (!network::is_connected()) {
     this->status_momentary_error("failed", 1000);
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "HTTP Request failed; Not connected to network");
@@ -107,9 +107,9 @@ std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestArduino::perform(const std::string &ur
   }
 
   // returned needed headers must be collected before the requests
-  const char *header_keys[collect_headers.size()];
+  const char *header_keys[lower_case_collect_headers.size()];
   int index = 0;
-  for (auto const &header_name : collect_headers) {
+  for (auto const &header_name : lower_case_collect_headers) {
     header_keys[index++] = header_name.c_str();
   }
   container->client_.collectHeaders(header_keys, index);
@@ -160,14 +160,14 @@ std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestArduino::perform(const std::string &ur
     // Still return the container, so it can be used to get the status code and error message
   }
 
-  container->response_headers_ = {};
+  container->response_headers_.clear();
   auto header_count = container->client_.headers();
   for (int i = 0; i < header_count; i++) {
     const std::string header_name = str_lower_case(container->client_.headerName(i).c_str());
-    if (collect_headers.count(header_name) > 0) {
+    if (should_collect_header(lower_case_collect_headers, header_name)) {
       std::string header_value = container->client_.header(i).c_str();
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Received response header, name: %s, value: %s", header_name.c_str(), header_value.c_str());
-      container->response_headers_[header_name].push_back(header_value);
+      container->response_headers_.push_back({header_name, header_value});
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.h b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.h
index a1084b12d5..dbd61de364 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.h
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.h
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class HttpRequestArduino : public HttpRequestComponent {
  protected:
   std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> perform(const std::string &url, const std::string &method, const std::string &body,
                                          const std::list<Header> &request_headers,
-                                         const std::set<std::string> &collect_headers) override;
+                                         const std::vector<std::string> &lower_case_collect_headers) override;
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::http_request
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_host.cpp b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_host.cpp
index b94570be12..714a73fc31 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_host.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_host.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ static const char *const TAG = "http_request.host";
 std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestHost::perform(const std::string &url, const std::string &method,
                                                         const std::string &body,
                                                         const std::list<Header> &request_headers,
-                                                        const std::set<std::string> &response_headers) {
+                                                        const std::vector<std::string> &lower_case_collect_headers) {
   if (!network::is_connected()) {
     this->status_momentary_error("failed", 1000);
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "HTTP Request failed; Not connected to network");
@@ -116,8 +116,8 @@ std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestHost::perform(const std::string &url,
   for (auto header : response.headers) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Header: %s: %s", header.first.c_str(), header.second.c_str());
     auto lower_name = str_lower_case(header.first);
-    if (response_headers.find(lower_name) != response_headers.end()) {
-      container->response_headers_[lower_name].emplace_back(header.second);
+    if (should_collect_header(lower_case_collect_headers, lower_name)) {
+      container->response_headers_.push_back({lower_name, header.second});
     }
   }
   container->duration_ms = millis() - start;
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_host.h b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_host.h
index 32e149e6a3..79f5b7e817 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_host.h
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_host.h
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class HttpRequestHost : public HttpRequestComponent {
  public:
   std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> perform(const std::string &url, const std::string &method, const std::string &body,
                                          const std::list<Header> &request_headers,
-                                         const std::set<std::string> &response_headers) override;
+                                         const std::vector<std::string> &lower_case_collect_headers) override;
   void set_ca_path(const char *ca_path) { this->ca_path_ = ca_path; }
 
  protected:
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.cpp
index 486984a694..0921c50b9f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.cpp
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ namespace esphome::http_request {
 static const char *const TAG = "http_request.idf";
 
 struct UserData {
-  const std::set<std::string> &collect_headers;
-  std::map<std::string, std::list<std::string>> response_headers;
+  const std::vector<std::string> &lower_case_collect_headers;
+  std::vector<Header> &response_headers;
 };
 
 void HttpRequestIDF::dump_config() {
@@ -38,10 +38,10 @@ esp_err_t HttpRequestIDF::http_event_handler(esp_http_client_event_t *evt) {
   switch (evt->event_id) {
     case HTTP_EVENT_ON_HEADER: {
       const std::string header_name = str_lower_case(evt->header_key);
-      if (user_data->collect_headers.count(header_name)) {
+      if (should_collect_header(user_data->lower_case_collect_headers, header_name)) {
         const std::string header_value = evt->header_value;
         ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Received response header, name: %s, value: %s", header_name.c_str(), header_value.c_str());
-        user_data->response_headers[header_name].push_back(header_value);
+        user_data->response_headers.push_back({header_name, header_value});
       }
       break;
     }
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ esp_err_t HttpRequestIDF::http_event_handler(esp_http_client_event_t *evt) {
 std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestIDF::perform(const std::string &url, const std::string &method,
                                                        const std::string &body,
                                                        const std::list<Header> &request_headers,
-                                                       const std::set<std::string> &collect_headers) {
+                                                       const std::vector<std::string> &lower_case_collect_headers) {
   if (!network::is_connected()) {
     this->status_momentary_error("failed", 1000);
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "HTTP Request failed; Not connected to network");
@@ -110,8 +110,6 @@ std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestIDF::perform(const std::string &url, c
   watchdog::WatchdogManager wdm(this->get_watchdog_timeout());
 
   config.event_handler = http_event_handler;
-  auto user_data = UserData{collect_headers, {}};
-  config.user_data = static_cast<void *>(&user_data);
 
   esp_http_client_handle_t client = esp_http_client_init(&config);
 
@@ -120,6 +118,9 @@ std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestIDF::perform(const std::string &url, c
 
   container->set_secure(secure);
 
+  auto user_data = UserData{lower_case_collect_headers, container->response_headers_};
+  esp_http_client_set_user_data(client, static_cast<void *>(&user_data));
+
   for (const auto &header : request_headers) {
     esp_http_client_set_header(client, header.name.c_str(), header.value.c_str());
   }
@@ -164,7 +165,6 @@ std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestIDF::perform(const std::string &url, c
   container->feed_wdt();
   container->status_code = esp_http_client_get_status_code(client);
   container->feed_wdt();
-  container->set_response_headers(user_data.response_headers);
   container->duration_ms = millis() - start;
   if (is_success(container->status_code)) {
     return container;
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.h b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.h
index 2a130eae58..9206ba6f5d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.h
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.h
@@ -21,11 +21,8 @@ class HttpContainerIDF : public HttpContainer {
   /// @brief Feeds the watchdog timer if the executing task has one attached
   void feed_wdt();
 
-  void set_response_headers(std::map<std::string, std::list<std::string>> &response_headers) {
-    this->response_headers_ = std::move(response_headers);
-  }
-
  protected:
+  friend class HttpRequestIDF;
   esp_http_client_handle_t client_;
 };
 
@@ -41,7 +38,7 @@ class HttpRequestIDF : public HttpRequestComponent {
  protected:
   std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> perform(const std::string &url, const std::string &method, const std::string &body,
                                          const std::list<Header> &request_headers,
-                                         const std::set<std::string> &collect_headers) override;
+                                         const std::vector<std::string> &lower_case_collect_headers) override;
   // if zero ESP-IDF will use DEFAULT_HTTP_BUF_SIZE
   uint16_t buffer_size_rx_{};
   uint16_t buffer_size_tx_{};

From bd055e75b9c2def6d9e12170e771920115c9751f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2026 16:49:37 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 051/609] [core] Shrink Application::dump_config_at_ from
 size_t to uint16_t (#14053)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/core/application.h | 6 ++----
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/application.h b/esphome/core/application.h
index 30611227a2..e0299f3db3 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.h
+++ b/esphome/core/application.h
@@ -582,9 +582,6 @@ class Application {
   std::string name_;
   std::string friendly_name_;
 
-  // size_t members
-  size_t dump_config_at_{SIZE_MAX};
-
   // 4-byte members
   uint32_t last_loop_{0};
   uint32_t loop_component_start_time_{0};
@@ -594,7 +591,8 @@ class Application {
 #endif
 
   // 2-byte members (grouped together for alignment)
-  uint16_t loop_interval_{16};                 // Loop interval in ms (max 65535ms = 65.5 seconds)
+  uint16_t dump_config_at_{std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max()};  // Index into components_ for dump_config progress
+  uint16_t loop_interval_{16};                                     // Loop interval in ms (max 65535ms = 65.5 seconds)
   uint16_t looping_components_active_end_{0};  // Index marking end of active components in looping_components_
   uint16_t current_loop_index_{0};             // For safe reentrant modifications during iteration
 

From 5f82017a310bd60123eadee17a5f2f3d36106694 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2026 19:01:00 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 052/609] [udp] Register socket consumption for
 CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_SOCKETS (#14068)

---
 esphome/components/udp/__init__.py | 63 ++++++++++++++++++------------
 1 file changed, 39 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/udp/__init__.py b/esphome/components/udp/__init__.py
index bfaa5f2516..c9586d0b95 100644
--- a/esphome/components/udp/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/udp/__init__.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DATA, CONF_ID, CONF_PORT, CONF_TRIGGER_ID
 from esphome.core import ID
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@clydebarrow"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["network"]
@@ -65,33 +66,47 @@ RELOCATED = {
     )
 }
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA.extend(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(UDPComponent),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_PORT, default=18511): cv.Any(
-            cv.port,
-            cv.Schema(
+
+def _consume_udp_sockets(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Register socket needs for UDP component."""
+    from esphome.components import socket
+
+    # UDP uses up to 2 sockets: 1 broadcast + 1 listen
+    # Whether each is used depends on code generation, so register worst case
+    socket.consume_sockets(2, "udp")(config)
+    return config
+
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA.extend(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(UDPComponent),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PORT, default=18511): cv.Any(
+                cv.port,
+                cv.Schema(
+                    {
+                        cv.Required(CONF_LISTEN_PORT): cv.port,
+                        cv.Required(CONF_BROADCAST_PORT): cv.port,
+                    }
+                ),
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_LISTEN_ADDRESS, default="255.255.255.255"
+            ): cv.ipv4address_multi_broadcast,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ADDRESSES, default=["255.255.255.255"]): cv.ensure_list(
+                cv.ipv4address,
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_RECEIVE): automation.validate_automation(
                 {
-                    cv.Required(CONF_LISTEN_PORT): cv.port,
-                    cv.Required(CONF_BROADCAST_PORT): cv.port,
+                    cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(
+                        Trigger.template(trigger_args)
+                    ),
                 }
             ),
-        ),
-        cv.Optional(
-            CONF_LISTEN_ADDRESS, default="255.255.255.255"
-        ): cv.ipv4address_multi_broadcast,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_ADDRESSES, default=["255.255.255.255"]): cv.ensure_list(
-            cv.ipv4address,
-        ),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_RECEIVE): automation.validate_automation(
-            {
-                cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(
-                    Trigger.template(trigger_args)
-                ),
-            }
-        ),
-    }
-).extend(RELOCATED)
+        }
+    ).extend(RELOCATED),
+    _consume_udp_sockets,
+)
 
 
 async def register_udp_client(var, config):

From 3b869f172064dc994f2ff001e4c73c8da858b01e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2026 19:01:37 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 053/609] [web_server] Double socket allocation to prevent
 connection exhaustion (#14067)

---
 esphome/components/web_server/__init__.py | 7 ++++---
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/__init__.py b/esphome/components/web_server/__init__.py
index 8b02a6baee..294a5e0a15 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/__init__.py
@@ -144,9 +144,10 @@ def _consume_web_server_sockets(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """Register socket needs for web_server component."""
     from esphome.components import socket
 
-    # Web server needs 1 listening socket + typically 2 concurrent client connections
-    # (browser makes 2 connections for page + event stream)
-    sockets_needed = 3
+    # Web server needs 1 listening socket + typically 5 concurrent client connections
+    # (browser opens connections for page resources, SSE event stream, and POST
+    # requests for entity control which may linger before closing)
+    sockets_needed = 6
     socket.consume_sockets(sockets_needed, "web_server")(config)
     return config
 

From 565443b710eb8b56bd7bc2d53fef765d195e4303 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2026 19:08:53 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 054/609] [pulse_counter] Fix compilation on ESP32-C6/C5/H2/P4
 (#14070)

---
 esphome/components/pulse_counter/pulse_counter_sensor.cpp | 6 ++----
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/pulse_counter/pulse_counter_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/pulse_counter/pulse_counter_sensor.cpp
index 8ac5a28d8f..ef4cc980f6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pulse_counter/pulse_counter_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pulse_counter/pulse_counter_sensor.cpp
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 #ifdef HAS_PCNT
-#include <esp_clk_tree.h>
+#include <esp_private/esp_clk.h>
 #include <hal/pcnt_ll.h>
 #endif
 
@@ -117,9 +117,7 @@ bool HwPulseCounterStorage::pulse_counter_setup(InternalGPIOPin *pin) {
   }
 
   if (this->filter_us != 0) {
-    uint32_t apb_freq;
-    esp_clk_tree_src_get_freq_hz(SOC_MOD_CLK_APB, ESP_CLK_TREE_SRC_FREQ_PRECISION_CACHED, &apb_freq);
-    uint32_t max_glitch_ns = PCNT_LL_MAX_GLITCH_WIDTH * 1000000u / apb_freq;
+    uint32_t max_glitch_ns = PCNT_LL_MAX_GLITCH_WIDTH * 1000000u / (uint32_t) esp_clk_apb_freq();
     pcnt_glitch_filter_config_t filter_config = {
         .max_glitch_ns = std::min(this->filter_us * 1000u, max_glitch_ns),
     };

From be853afc2465a291d3a4806122884c52d0bd905e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2026 20:57:56 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 055/609] [core] Conditionally compile setup_priority override
 infrastructure (#14057)

---
 esphome/core/application.cpp |  2 ++
 esphome/core/component.cpp   | 19 +++++++++++++------
 esphome/core/component.h     |  1 +
 esphome/core/defines.h       |  1 +
 esphome/cpp_helpers.py       |  3 ++-
 5 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/application.cpp b/esphome/core/application.cpp
index 406885fd81..b216233f9b 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/application.cpp
@@ -137,8 +137,10 @@ void Application::setup() {
 
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "setup() finished successfully!");
 
+#ifdef USE_SETUP_PRIORITY_OVERRIDE
   // Clear setup priority overrides to free memory
   clear_setup_priority_overrides();
+#endif
 
 #if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE)
   // Set up wake socket for waking main loop from tasks
diff --git a/esphome/core/component.cpp b/esphome/core/component.cpp
index 47c4a70c0f..ba0f1663b9 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/component.cpp
@@ -41,20 +41,23 @@ struct ComponentErrorMessage {
   bool is_flash_ptr;
 };
 
+#ifdef USE_SETUP_PRIORITY_OVERRIDE
 struct ComponentPriorityOverride {
   const Component *component;
   float priority;
 };
 
+// Setup priority overrides - freed after setup completes
+// Using raw pointer instead of unique_ptr to avoid global constructor/destructor overhead
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+std::vector<ComponentPriorityOverride> *setup_priority_overrides = nullptr;
+#endif
+
 // Error messages for failed components
 // Using raw pointer instead of unique_ptr to avoid global constructor/destructor overhead
 // This is never freed as error messages persist for the lifetime of the device
 // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 std::vector<ComponentErrorMessage> *component_error_messages = nullptr;
-// Setup priority overrides - freed after setup completes
-// Using raw pointer instead of unique_ptr to avoid global constructor/destructor overhead
-// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
-std::vector<ComponentPriorityOverride> *setup_priority_overrides = nullptr;
 
 // Helper to store error messages - reduces duplication between deprecated and new API
 // Remove before 2026.6.0 when deprecated const char* API is removed
@@ -459,6 +462,7 @@ void log_update_interval(const char *tag, PollingComponent *component) {
   }
 }
 float Component::get_actual_setup_priority() const {
+#ifdef USE_SETUP_PRIORITY_OVERRIDE
   // Check if there's an override in the global vector
   if (setup_priority_overrides) {
     // Linear search is fine for small n (typically < 5 overrides)
@@ -468,14 +472,14 @@ float Component::get_actual_setup_priority() const {
       }
     }
   }
+#endif
   return this->get_setup_priority();
 }
+#ifdef USE_SETUP_PRIORITY_OVERRIDE
 void Component::set_setup_priority(float priority) {
   // Lazy allocate the vector if needed
   if (!setup_priority_overrides) {
     setup_priority_overrides = new std::vector<ComponentPriorityOverride>();
-    // Reserve some space to avoid reallocations (most configs have < 10 overrides)
-    setup_priority_overrides->reserve(10);
   }
 
   // Check if this component already has an override
@@ -489,6 +493,7 @@ void Component::set_setup_priority(float priority) {
   // Add new override
   setup_priority_overrides->emplace_back(ComponentPriorityOverride{this, priority});
 }
+#endif
 
 bool Component::has_overridden_loop() const {
 #if defined(USE_HOST) || defined(CLANG_TIDY)
@@ -557,10 +562,12 @@ uint32_t WarnIfComponentBlockingGuard::finish() {
 
 WarnIfComponentBlockingGuard::~WarnIfComponentBlockingGuard() {}
 
+#ifdef USE_SETUP_PRIORITY_OVERRIDE
 void clear_setup_priority_overrides() {
   // Free the setup priority map completely
   delete setup_priority_overrides;
   setup_priority_overrides = nullptr;
 }
+#endif
 
 }  // namespace esphome
diff --git a/esphome/core/component.h b/esphome/core/component.h
index 848bc0ba35..6f7f77dbc1 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component.h
+++ b/esphome/core/component.h
@@ -563,6 +563,7 @@ class WarnIfComponentBlockingGuard {
 };
 
 // Function to clear setup priority overrides after all components are set up
+// Only has an implementation when USE_SETUP_PRIORITY_OVERRIDE is defined
 void clear_setup_priority_overrides();
 
 }  // namespace esphome
diff --git a/esphome/core/defines.h b/esphome/core/defines.h
index 0d6c1a42e8..bcafcb4c60 100644
--- a/esphome/core/defines.h
+++ b/esphome/core/defines.h
@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@
 #define USE_SAFE_MODE_CALLBACK
 #define USE_SELECT
 #define USE_SENSOR
+#define USE_SETUP_PRIORITY_OVERRIDE
 #define USE_STATUS_LED
 #define USE_STATUS_SENSOR
 #define USE_SWITCH
diff --git a/esphome/cpp_helpers.py b/esphome/cpp_helpers.py
index 2698b9b3d5..954a28d3d1 100644
--- a/esphome/cpp_helpers.py
+++ b/esphome/cpp_helpers.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, ID, coroutine
 from esphome.coroutine import FakeAwaitable
-from esphome.cpp_generator import LogStringLiteral, add, get_variable
+from esphome.cpp_generator import LogStringLiteral, add, add_define, get_variable
 from esphome.cpp_types import App
 from esphome.types import ConfigFragmentType, ConfigType
 from esphome.util import Registry, RegistryEntry
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ async def register_component(var, config):
         )
     CORE.component_ids.remove(id_)
     if CONF_SETUP_PRIORITY in config:
+        add_define("USE_SETUP_PRIORITY_OVERRIDE")
         add(var.set_setup_priority(config[CONF_SETUP_PRIORITY]))
     if CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL in config:
         add(var.set_update_interval(config[CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL]))

From e4c233b6ceef1d1a306e5879752ffc9815d1190b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2026 20:59:31 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 056/609] [mqtt] Use constexpr for compile-time constants
 (#14075)

---
 esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp32.h | 10 +++++-----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp32.h b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp32.h
index adba0cf004..ccc4c4026c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp32.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp32.h
@@ -114,11 +114,11 @@ struct QueueElement {
 
 class MQTTBackendESP32 final : public MQTTBackend {
  public:
-  static const size_t MQTT_BUFFER_SIZE = 4096;
-  static const size_t TASK_STACK_SIZE = 3072;
-  static const size_t TASK_STACK_SIZE_TLS = 4096;  // Larger stack for TLS operations
-  static const ssize_t TASK_PRIORITY = 5;
-  static const uint8_t MQTT_QUEUE_LENGTH = 30;  // 30*12 bytes = 360
+  static constexpr size_t MQTT_BUFFER_SIZE = 4096;
+  static constexpr size_t TASK_STACK_SIZE = 3072;
+  static constexpr size_t TASK_STACK_SIZE_TLS = 4096;  // Larger stack for TLS operations
+  static constexpr ssize_t TASK_PRIORITY = 5;
+  static constexpr uint8_t MQTT_QUEUE_LENGTH = 30;  // 30*12 bytes = 360
 
   void set_keep_alive(uint16_t keep_alive) final { this->keep_alive_ = keep_alive; }
   void set_client_id(const char *client_id) final { this->client_id_ = client_id; }

From 66d2ac8cb93a5b7380210ee7933d28620dabd3ab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2026 21:00:09 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 057/609] [web_server] Move climate static traits to DETAIL_ALL
 only (#14066)

---
 esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp | 10 +++++-----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
index 3acd2d2119..a796c1426b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
@@ -1546,16 +1546,16 @@ std::string WebServer::climate_json_(climate::Climate *obj, JsonDetail start_con
       for (auto const &custom_preset : traits.get_supported_custom_presets())
         opt.add(custom_preset);
     }
+    root[ESPHOME_F("max_temp")] =
+        (value_accuracy_to_buf(temp_buf, traits.get_visual_max_temperature(), target_accuracy), temp_buf);
+    root[ESPHOME_F("min_temp")] =
+        (value_accuracy_to_buf(temp_buf, traits.get_visual_min_temperature(), target_accuracy), temp_buf);
+    root[ESPHOME_F("step")] = traits.get_visual_target_temperature_step();
     this->add_sorting_info_(root, obj);
   }
 
   bool has_state = false;
   root[ESPHOME_F("mode")] = PSTR_LOCAL(climate_mode_to_string(obj->mode));
-  root[ESPHOME_F("max_temp")] =
-      (value_accuracy_to_buf(temp_buf, traits.get_visual_max_temperature(), target_accuracy), temp_buf);
-  root[ESPHOME_F("min_temp")] =
-      (value_accuracy_to_buf(temp_buf, traits.get_visual_min_temperature(), target_accuracy), temp_buf);
-  root[ESPHOME_F("step")] = traits.get_visual_target_temperature_step();
   if (traits.has_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_ACTION)) {
     root[ESPHOME_F("action")] = PSTR_LOCAL(climate_action_to_string(obj->action));
     root[ESPHOME_F("state")] = root[ESPHOME_F("action")];

From 7e118178b3d5e208eab87e0f882b38dcb18e5ed6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2026 21:00:24 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 058/609] [web_server] Fix water_heater JSON key names and move
 traits to DETAIL_ALL (#14064)

---
 esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp | 7 +++----
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
index a796c1426b..e3d131f58e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
@@ -1922,6 +1922,9 @@ std::string WebServer::water_heater_json_(water_heater::WaterHeater *obj, JsonDe
     JsonArray modes = root[ESPHOME_F("modes")].to<JsonArray>();
     for (auto m : traits.get_supported_modes())
       modes.add(PSTR_LOCAL(water_heater::water_heater_mode_to_string(m)));
+    root[ESPHOME_F("min_temp")] = traits.get_min_temperature();
+    root[ESPHOME_F("max_temp")] = traits.get_max_temperature();
+    root[ESPHOME_F("step")] = traits.get_target_temperature_step();
     this->add_sorting_info_(root, obj);
   }
 
@@ -1944,10 +1947,6 @@ std::string WebServer::water_heater_json_(water_heater::WaterHeater *obj, JsonDe
       root[ESPHOME_F("target_temperature")] = target;
   }
 
-  root[ESPHOME_F("min_temperature")] = traits.get_min_temperature();
-  root[ESPHOME_F("max_temperature")] = traits.get_max_temperature();
-  root[ESPHOME_F("step")] = traits.get_target_temperature_step();
-
   if (traits.get_supports_away_mode()) {
     root[ESPHOME_F("away")] = obj->is_away();
   }

From 9c9365c146064177dbc371d425307f8e2cb728d6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2026 21:07:06 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 059/609] [bluetooth_proxy][esp32_ble_client][esp32_ble_server]
 Use constexpr for compile-time constants (#14073)

---
 esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h |  4 ++--
 .../components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp  | 12 ++++++------
 .../components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.h | 12 ++++++------
 3 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h
index ab9aee2d81..62a035e79f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h
+++ b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ using namespace esp32_ble_client;
 // Version 3: New connection API
 // Version 4: Pairing support
 // Version 5: Cache clear support
-static const uint32_t LEGACY_ACTIVE_CONNECTIONS_VERSION = 5;
-static const uint32_t LEGACY_PASSIVE_ONLY_VERSION = 1;
+static constexpr uint32_t LEGACY_ACTIVE_CONNECTIONS_VERSION = 5;
+static constexpr uint32_t LEGACY_PASSIVE_ONLY_VERSION = 1;
 
 enum BluetoothProxyFeature : uint32_t {
   FEATURE_PASSIVE_SCAN = 1 << 0,
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp
index c464c89390..3f0eeeab4a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp
@@ -16,17 +16,17 @@ static const char *const TAG = "esp32_ble_client";
 // Intermediate connection parameters for standard operation
 // ESP-IDF defaults (12.5-15ms) are too slow for stable connections through WiFi-based BLE proxies,
 // causing disconnections. These medium parameters balance responsiveness with bandwidth usage.
-static const uint16_t MEDIUM_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL = 0x07;  // 7 * 1.25ms = 8.75ms
-static const uint16_t MEDIUM_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL = 0x09;  // 9 * 1.25ms = 11.25ms
+static constexpr uint16_t MEDIUM_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL = 0x07;  // 7 * 1.25ms = 8.75ms
+static constexpr uint16_t MEDIUM_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL = 0x09;  // 9 * 1.25ms = 11.25ms
 // The timeout value was increased from 6s to 8s to address stability issues observed
 // in certain BLE devices when operating through WiFi-based BLE proxies. The longer
 // timeout reduces the likelihood of disconnections during periods of high latency.
-static const uint16_t MEDIUM_CONN_TIMEOUT = 800;  // 800 * 10ms = 8s
+static constexpr uint16_t MEDIUM_CONN_TIMEOUT = 800;  // 800 * 10ms = 8s
 
 // Fastest connection parameters for devices with short discovery timeouts
-static const uint16_t FAST_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL = 0x06;  // 6 * 1.25ms = 7.5ms (BLE minimum)
-static const uint16_t FAST_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL = 0x06;  // 6 * 1.25ms = 7.5ms
-static const uint16_t FAST_CONN_TIMEOUT = 1000;       // 1000 * 10ms = 10s
+static constexpr uint16_t FAST_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL = 0x06;  // 6 * 1.25ms = 7.5ms (BLE minimum)
+static constexpr uint16_t FAST_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL = 0x06;  // 6 * 1.25ms = 7.5ms
+static constexpr uint16_t FAST_CONN_TIMEOUT = 1000;       // 1000 * 10ms = 10s
 static const esp_bt_uuid_t NOTIFY_DESC_UUID = {
     .len = ESP_UUID_LEN_16,
     .uuid =
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.h b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.h
index c2cdb1660c..72897d1dfb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.h
@@ -57,12 +57,12 @@ class BLECharacteristic {
   ESPBTUUID get_uuid() { return this->uuid_; }
   std::vector<uint8_t> &get_value() { return this->value_; }
 
-  static const uint32_t PROPERTY_READ = 1 << 0;
-  static const uint32_t PROPERTY_WRITE = 1 << 1;
-  static const uint32_t PROPERTY_NOTIFY = 1 << 2;
-  static const uint32_t PROPERTY_BROADCAST = 1 << 3;
-  static const uint32_t PROPERTY_INDICATE = 1 << 4;
-  static const uint32_t PROPERTY_WRITE_NR = 1 << 5;
+  static constexpr uint32_t PROPERTY_READ = 1 << 0;
+  static constexpr uint32_t PROPERTY_WRITE = 1 << 1;
+  static constexpr uint32_t PROPERTY_NOTIFY = 1 << 2;
+  static constexpr uint32_t PROPERTY_BROADCAST = 1 << 3;
+  static constexpr uint32_t PROPERTY_INDICATE = 1 << 4;
+  static constexpr uint32_t PROPERTY_WRITE_NR = 1 << 5;
 
   bool is_created();
   bool is_failed();

From 76c151c6e6948fbe2f5c62356ef299797cc83480 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2026 21:07:38 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 060/609] [api] Use constexpr for compile-time constant
 (#14072)

---
 esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp
index 1ae848dead..492988128a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::write_protobuf_messages(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, s
     // buf_start[1], buf_start[2] to be set after encryption
 
     // Write message header (to be encrypted)
-    const uint8_t msg_offset = 3;
+    constexpr uint8_t msg_offset = 3;
     buf_start[msg_offset] = static_cast<uint8_t>(msg.message_type >> 8);      // type high byte
     buf_start[msg_offset + 1] = static_cast<uint8_t>(msg.message_type);       // type low byte
     buf_start[msg_offset + 2] = static_cast<uint8_t>(msg.payload_size >> 8);  // data_len high byte

From ee7d63f73a3587cc86c6d6fe71e5fcd3df4e31b5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2026 21:09:49 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 061/609] [packet_transport] Use constexpr for compile-time
 constants (#14074)

---
 esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp b/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp
index 365a5f2ec7..7b7a852398 100644
--- a/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp
@@ -58,9 +58,9 @@ union FuData {
   float f32;
 };
 
-static const uint16_t MAGIC_NUMBER = 0x4553;
-static const uint16_t MAGIC_PING = 0x5048;
-static const uint32_t PREF_HASH = 0x45535043;
+static constexpr uint16_t MAGIC_NUMBER = 0x4553;
+static constexpr uint16_t MAGIC_PING = 0x5048;
+static constexpr uint32_t PREF_HASH = 0x45535043;
 enum DataKey {
   ZERO_FILL_KEY,
   DATA_KEY,

From 20239d1bb304ceea6f7056c0466071178ad8af50 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2026 21:16:09 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 062/609] [remote_base] Use constexpr for compile-time
 constants (#14076)

---
 .../remote_base/abbwelcome_protocol.cpp       |  8 +++----
 .../remote_base/abbwelcome_protocol.h         |  4 ++--
 .../components/remote_base/aeha_protocol.cpp  | 14 +++++------
 .../remote_base/byronsx_protocol.cpp          | 10 ++++----
 .../remote_base/canalsat_protocol.cpp         |  8 +++----
 .../components/remote_base/dish_protocol.cpp  | 10 ++++----
 .../components/remote_base/dooya_protocol.cpp | 12 +++++-----
 .../remote_base/drayton_protocol.cpp          | 22 ++++++++---------
 .../components/remote_base/jvc_protocol.cpp   | 12 +++++-----
 .../remote_base/keeloq_protocol.cpp           | 22 ++++++++---------
 .../components/remote_base/lg_protocol.cpp    | 10 ++++----
 .../remote_base/magiquest_protocol.cpp        | 10 ++++----
 .../components/remote_base/midea_protocol.h   |  2 +-
 .../components/remote_base/nec_protocol.cpp   | 10 ++++----
 .../components/remote_base/nexa_protocol.cpp  | 22 ++++++++---------
 .../remote_base/panasonic_protocol.cpp        | 10 ++++----
 .../remote_base/pioneer_protocol.cpp          | 12 +++++-----
 .../remote_base/pronto_protocol.cpp           | 24 +++++++++----------
 .../components/remote_base/rc5_protocol.cpp   |  4 ++--
 .../components/remote_base/rc6_protocol.cpp   | 10 ++++----
 .../remote_base/roomba_protocol.cpp           | 10 ++++----
 .../remote_base/samsung36_protocol.cpp        | 20 ++++++++--------
 .../remote_base/samsung_protocol.cpp          | 14 +++++------
 .../components/remote_base/sony_protocol.cpp  | 10 ++++----
 .../remote_base/symphony_protocol.cpp         | 14 +++++------
 .../remote_base/toshiba_ac_protocol.cpp       | 16 ++++++-------
 .../components/remote_base/toto_protocol.cpp  | 12 +++++-----
 27 files changed, 166 insertions(+), 166 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_base/abbwelcome_protocol.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_base/abbwelcome_protocol.cpp
index 352ae10ed7..a67ca48dbe 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_base/abbwelcome_protocol.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_base/abbwelcome_protocol.cpp
@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ namespace remote_base {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "remote.abbwelcome";
 
-static const uint32_t BIT_ONE_SPACE_US = 102;
-static const uint32_t BIT_ZERO_MARK_US = 32;  // 18-44
-static const uint32_t BIT_ZERO_SPACE_US = BIT_ONE_SPACE_US - BIT_ZERO_MARK_US;
-static const uint16_t BYTE_SPACE_US = 210;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ONE_SPACE_US = 102;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ZERO_MARK_US = 32;  // 18-44
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ZERO_SPACE_US = BIT_ONE_SPACE_US - BIT_ZERO_MARK_US;
+static constexpr uint16_t BYTE_SPACE_US = 210;
 
 uint8_t ABBWelcomeData::calc_cs_() const {
   uint8_t checksum = 0;
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_base/abbwelcome_protocol.h b/esphome/components/remote_base/abbwelcome_protocol.h
index 1dddedf8ce..66664a89f3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_base/abbwelcome_protocol.h
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_base/abbwelcome_protocol.h
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace remote_base {
 
-static const uint8_t MAX_DATA_LENGTH = 15;
-static const uint8_t DATA_LENGTH_MASK = 0x3f;
+static constexpr uint8_t MAX_DATA_LENGTH = 15;
+static constexpr uint8_t DATA_LENGTH_MASK = 0x3f;
 
 /*
 Message Format:
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_base/aeha_protocol.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_base/aeha_protocol.cpp
index 3b926e7981..f40cff7623 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_base/aeha_protocol.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_base/aeha_protocol.cpp
@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@ namespace remote_base {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "remote.aeha";
 
-static const uint16_t BITWISE = 425;
-static const uint16_t HEADER_HIGH_US = BITWISE * 8;
-static const uint16_t HEADER_LOW_US = BITWISE * 4;
-static const uint16_t BIT_HIGH_US = BITWISE;
-static const uint16_t BIT_ONE_LOW_US = BITWISE * 3;
-static const uint16_t BIT_ZERO_LOW_US = BITWISE;
-static const uint16_t TRAILER = BITWISE;
+static constexpr uint16_t BITWISE = 425;
+static constexpr uint16_t HEADER_HIGH_US = BITWISE * 8;
+static constexpr uint16_t HEADER_LOW_US = BITWISE * 4;
+static constexpr uint16_t BIT_HIGH_US = BITWISE;
+static constexpr uint16_t BIT_ONE_LOW_US = BITWISE * 3;
+static constexpr uint16_t BIT_ZERO_LOW_US = BITWISE;
+static constexpr uint16_t TRAILER = BITWISE;
 
 void AEHAProtocol::encode(RemoteTransmitData *dst, const AEHAData &data) {
   dst->reserve(2 + 32 + (data.data.size() * 2) + 1);
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_base/byronsx_protocol.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_base/byronsx_protocol.cpp
index 6bfa4b7ff9..f243b5bdfd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_base/byronsx_protocol.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_base/byronsx_protocol.cpp
@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ namespace remote_base {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "remote.byronsx";
 
-static const uint32_t BIT_TIME_US = 333;
-static const uint8_t NBITS_ADDRESS = 8;
-static const uint8_t NBITS_COMMAND = 4;
-static const uint8_t NBITS_START_BIT = 1;
-static const uint8_t NBITS_DATA = NBITS_ADDRESS + NBITS_COMMAND /*+ NBITS_COMMAND*/;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_TIME_US = 333;
+static constexpr uint8_t NBITS_ADDRESS = 8;
+static constexpr uint8_t NBITS_COMMAND = 4;
+static constexpr uint8_t NBITS_START_BIT = 1;
+static constexpr uint8_t NBITS_DATA = NBITS_ADDRESS + NBITS_COMMAND /*+ NBITS_COMMAND*/;
 
 /*
 ByronSX Protocol
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_base/canalsat_protocol.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_base/canalsat_protocol.cpp
index bee3d57fd8..1468b66939 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_base/canalsat_protocol.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_base/canalsat_protocol.cpp
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ namespace remote_base {
 static const char *const CANALSAT_TAG = "remote.canalsat";
 static const char *const CANALSATLD_TAG = "remote.canalsatld";
 
-static const uint16_t CANALSAT_FREQ = 55500;
-static const uint16_t CANALSATLD_FREQ = 56000;
-static const uint16_t CANALSAT_UNIT = 250;
-static const uint16_t CANALSATLD_UNIT = 320;
+static constexpr uint16_t CANALSAT_FREQ = 55500;
+static constexpr uint16_t CANALSATLD_FREQ = 56000;
+static constexpr uint16_t CANALSAT_UNIT = 250;
+static constexpr uint16_t CANALSATLD_UNIT = 320;
 
 CanalSatProtocol::CanalSatProtocol() {
   this->frequency_ = CANALSAT_FREQ;
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_base/dish_protocol.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_base/dish_protocol.cpp
index 754b6c3b12..69226101bf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_base/dish_protocol.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_base/dish_protocol.cpp
@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ namespace remote_base {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "remote.dish";
 
-static const uint32_t HEADER_HIGH_US = 400;
-static const uint32_t HEADER_LOW_US = 6100;
-static const uint32_t BIT_HIGH_US = 400;
-static const uint32_t BIT_ONE_LOW_US = 1700;
-static const uint32_t BIT_ZERO_LOW_US = 2800;
+static constexpr uint32_t HEADER_HIGH_US = 400;
+static constexpr uint32_t HEADER_LOW_US = 6100;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_HIGH_US = 400;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ONE_LOW_US = 1700;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ZERO_LOW_US = 2800;
 
 void DishProtocol::encode(RemoteTransmitData *dst, const DishData &data) {
   dst->reserve(138);
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_base/dooya_protocol.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_base/dooya_protocol.cpp
index 04c5fef8f3..84bdbf3e08 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_base/dooya_protocol.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_base/dooya_protocol.cpp
@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@ namespace remote_base {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "remote.dooya";
 
-static const uint32_t HEADER_HIGH_US = 5000;
-static const uint32_t HEADER_LOW_US = 1500;
-static const uint32_t BIT_ZERO_HIGH_US = 350;
-static const uint32_t BIT_ZERO_LOW_US = 750;
-static const uint32_t BIT_ONE_HIGH_US = 750;
-static const uint32_t BIT_ONE_LOW_US = 350;
+static constexpr uint32_t HEADER_HIGH_US = 5000;
+static constexpr uint32_t HEADER_LOW_US = 1500;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ZERO_HIGH_US = 350;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ZERO_LOW_US = 750;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ONE_HIGH_US = 750;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ONE_LOW_US = 350;
 
 void DooyaProtocol::encode(RemoteTransmitData *dst, const DooyaData &data) {
   dst->set_carrier_frequency(0);
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_base/drayton_protocol.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_base/drayton_protocol.cpp
index da2e985af0..946bd9cacb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_base/drayton_protocol.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_base/drayton_protocol.cpp
@@ -8,18 +8,18 @@ namespace remote_base {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "remote.drayton";
 
-static const uint32_t BIT_TIME_US = 500;
-static const uint8_t CARRIER_KHZ = 2;
-static const uint8_t NBITS_PREAMBLE = 12;
-static const uint8_t NBITS_SYNC = 4;
-static const uint8_t NBITS_ADDRESS = 16;
-static const uint8_t NBITS_CHANNEL = 5;
-static const uint8_t NBITS_COMMAND = 7;
-static const uint8_t NDATABITS = NBITS_ADDRESS + NBITS_CHANNEL + NBITS_COMMAND;
-static const uint8_t MIN_RX_SRC = (NDATABITS + NBITS_SYNC / 2);
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_TIME_US = 500;
+static constexpr uint8_t CARRIER_KHZ = 2;
+static constexpr uint8_t NBITS_PREAMBLE = 12;
+static constexpr uint8_t NBITS_SYNC = 4;
+static constexpr uint8_t NBITS_ADDRESS = 16;
+static constexpr uint8_t NBITS_CHANNEL = 5;
+static constexpr uint8_t NBITS_COMMAND = 7;
+static constexpr uint8_t NDATABITS = NBITS_ADDRESS + NBITS_CHANNEL + NBITS_COMMAND;
+static constexpr uint8_t MIN_RX_SRC = (NDATABITS + NBITS_SYNC / 2);
 
-static const uint8_t CMD_ON = 0x41;
-static const uint8_t CMD_OFF = 0x02;
+static constexpr uint8_t CMD_ON = 0x41;
+static constexpr uint8_t CMD_OFF = 0x02;
 
 /*
 Drayton Protocol
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_base/jvc_protocol.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_base/jvc_protocol.cpp
index ca423b61e6..c33cae7a48 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_base/jvc_protocol.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_base/jvc_protocol.cpp
@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@ namespace remote_base {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "remote.jvc";
 
-static const uint8_t NBITS = 16;
-static const uint32_t HEADER_HIGH_US = 8400;
-static const uint32_t HEADER_LOW_US = 4200;
-static const uint32_t BIT_ONE_LOW_US = 1725;
-static const uint32_t BIT_ZERO_LOW_US = 525;
-static const uint32_t BIT_HIGH_US = 525;
+static constexpr uint8_t NBITS = 16;
+static constexpr uint32_t HEADER_HIGH_US = 8400;
+static constexpr uint32_t HEADER_LOW_US = 4200;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ONE_LOW_US = 1725;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ZERO_LOW_US = 525;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_HIGH_US = 525;
 
 void JVCProtocol::encode(RemoteTransmitData *dst, const JVCData &data) {
   dst->set_carrier_frequency(38000);
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_base/keeloq_protocol.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_base/keeloq_protocol.cpp
index 72540c37f1..e95c79ef25 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_base/keeloq_protocol.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_base/keeloq_protocol.cpp
@@ -8,18 +8,18 @@ namespace remote_base {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "remote.keeloq";
 
-static const uint32_t BIT_TIME_US = 380;
-static const uint8_t NBITS_PREAMBLE = 12;
-static const uint8_t NBITS_REPEAT = 1;
-static const uint8_t NBITS_VLOW = 1;
-static const uint8_t NBITS_SERIAL = 28;
-static const uint8_t NBITS_BUTTONS = 4;
-static const uint8_t NBITS_DISC = 12;
-static const uint8_t NBITS_SYNC_CNT = 16;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_TIME_US = 380;
+static constexpr uint8_t NBITS_PREAMBLE = 12;
+static constexpr uint8_t NBITS_REPEAT = 1;
+static constexpr uint8_t NBITS_VLOW = 1;
+static constexpr uint8_t NBITS_SERIAL = 28;
+static constexpr uint8_t NBITS_BUTTONS = 4;
+static constexpr uint8_t NBITS_DISC = 12;
+static constexpr uint8_t NBITS_SYNC_CNT = 16;
 
-static const uint8_t NBITS_FIXED_DATA = NBITS_REPEAT + NBITS_VLOW + NBITS_BUTTONS + NBITS_SERIAL;
-static const uint8_t NBITS_ENCRYPTED_DATA = NBITS_BUTTONS + NBITS_DISC + NBITS_SYNC_CNT;
-static const uint8_t NBITS_DATA = NBITS_FIXED_DATA + NBITS_ENCRYPTED_DATA;
+static constexpr uint8_t NBITS_FIXED_DATA = NBITS_REPEAT + NBITS_VLOW + NBITS_BUTTONS + NBITS_SERIAL;
+static constexpr uint8_t NBITS_ENCRYPTED_DATA = NBITS_BUTTONS + NBITS_DISC + NBITS_SYNC_CNT;
+static constexpr uint8_t NBITS_DATA = NBITS_FIXED_DATA + NBITS_ENCRYPTED_DATA;
 
 /*
 KeeLoq Protocol
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_base/lg_protocol.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_base/lg_protocol.cpp
index d25c59d2b1..4c54ff00bd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_base/lg_protocol.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_base/lg_protocol.cpp
@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ namespace remote_base {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "remote.lg";
 
-static const uint32_t HEADER_HIGH_US = 8000;
-static const uint32_t HEADER_LOW_US = 4000;
-static const uint32_t BIT_HIGH_US = 600;
-static const uint32_t BIT_ONE_LOW_US = 1600;
-static const uint32_t BIT_ZERO_LOW_US = 550;
+static constexpr uint32_t HEADER_HIGH_US = 8000;
+static constexpr uint32_t HEADER_LOW_US = 4000;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_HIGH_US = 600;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ONE_LOW_US = 1600;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ZERO_LOW_US = 550;
 
 void LGProtocol::encode(RemoteTransmitData *dst, const LGData &data) {
   dst->set_carrier_frequency(38000);
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_base/magiquest_protocol.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_base/magiquest_protocol.cpp
index 1cec58a55f..f25a982fdc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_base/magiquest_protocol.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_base/magiquest_protocol.cpp
@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ namespace remote_base {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "remote.magiquest";
 
-static const uint32_t MAGIQUEST_UNIT = 288;  // us
-static const uint32_t MAGIQUEST_ONE_MARK = 2 * MAGIQUEST_UNIT;
-static const uint32_t MAGIQUEST_ONE_SPACE = 2 * MAGIQUEST_UNIT;
-static const uint32_t MAGIQUEST_ZERO_MARK = MAGIQUEST_UNIT;
-static const uint32_t MAGIQUEST_ZERO_SPACE = 3 * MAGIQUEST_UNIT;
+static constexpr uint32_t MAGIQUEST_UNIT = 288;  // us
+static constexpr uint32_t MAGIQUEST_ONE_MARK = 2 * MAGIQUEST_UNIT;
+static constexpr uint32_t MAGIQUEST_ONE_SPACE = 2 * MAGIQUEST_UNIT;
+static constexpr uint32_t MAGIQUEST_ZERO_MARK = MAGIQUEST_UNIT;
+static constexpr uint32_t MAGIQUEST_ZERO_SPACE = 3 * MAGIQUEST_UNIT;
 
 void MagiQuestProtocol::encode(RemoteTransmitData *dst, const MagiQuestData &data) {
   dst->reserve(101);  // 2 start bits, 48 data bits, 1 stop bit
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_base/midea_protocol.h b/esphome/components/remote_base/midea_protocol.h
index ddefff867a..334e8a7cb3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_base/midea_protocol.h
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_base/midea_protocol.h
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class MideaData {
     this->data_[idx] |= (value << shift);
   }
   void set_mask_(uint8_t idx, bool state, uint8_t mask = 255) { this->set_value_(idx, state ? mask : 0, mask); }
-  static const uint8_t OFFSET_CS = 5;
+  static constexpr uint8_t OFFSET_CS = 5;
   // 48-bits data
   std::array<uint8_t, 6> data_;
   // Calculate checksum
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_base/nec_protocol.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_base/nec_protocol.cpp
index 6ea9a8583c..062f81b4d6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_base/nec_protocol.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_base/nec_protocol.cpp
@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ namespace remote_base {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "remote.nec";
 
-static const uint32_t HEADER_HIGH_US = 9000;
-static const uint32_t HEADER_LOW_US = 4500;
-static const uint32_t BIT_HIGH_US = 560;
-static const uint32_t BIT_ONE_LOW_US = 1690;
-static const uint32_t BIT_ZERO_LOW_US = 560;
+static constexpr uint32_t HEADER_HIGH_US = 9000;
+static constexpr uint32_t HEADER_LOW_US = 4500;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_HIGH_US = 560;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ONE_LOW_US = 1690;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ZERO_LOW_US = 560;
 
 void NECProtocol::encode(RemoteTransmitData *dst, const NECData &data) {
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Sending NEC: address=0x%04X, command=0x%04X command_repeats=%d", data.address, data.command,
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_base/nexa_protocol.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_base/nexa_protocol.cpp
index 862165714e..28b415d4d6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_base/nexa_protocol.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_base/nexa_protocol.cpp
@@ -6,18 +6,18 @@ namespace remote_base {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "remote.nexa";
 
-static const uint8_t NBITS = 32;
-static const uint32_t HEADER_HIGH_US = 319;
-static const uint32_t HEADER_LOW_US = 2610;
-static const uint32_t BIT_HIGH_US = 319;
-static const uint32_t BIT_ONE_LOW_US = 1000;
-static const uint32_t BIT_ZERO_LOW_US = 140;
+static constexpr uint8_t NBITS = 32;
+static constexpr uint32_t HEADER_HIGH_US = 319;
+static constexpr uint32_t HEADER_LOW_US = 2610;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_HIGH_US = 319;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ONE_LOW_US = 1000;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ZERO_LOW_US = 140;
 
-static const uint32_t TX_HEADER_HIGH_US = 250;
-static const uint32_t TX_HEADER_LOW_US = TX_HEADER_HIGH_US * 10;
-static const uint32_t TX_BIT_HIGH_US = 250;
-static const uint32_t TX_BIT_ONE_LOW_US = TX_BIT_HIGH_US * 5;
-static const uint32_t TX_BIT_ZERO_LOW_US = TX_BIT_HIGH_US * 1;
+static constexpr uint32_t TX_HEADER_HIGH_US = 250;
+static constexpr uint32_t TX_HEADER_LOW_US = TX_HEADER_HIGH_US * 10;
+static constexpr uint32_t TX_BIT_HIGH_US = 250;
+static constexpr uint32_t TX_BIT_ONE_LOW_US = TX_BIT_HIGH_US * 5;
+static constexpr uint32_t TX_BIT_ZERO_LOW_US = TX_BIT_HIGH_US * 1;
 
 void NexaProtocol::one(RemoteTransmitData *dst) const {
   // '1' => '10'
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_base/panasonic_protocol.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_base/panasonic_protocol.cpp
index d6cf1a160d..e0acc42692 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_base/panasonic_protocol.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_base/panasonic_protocol.cpp
@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ namespace remote_base {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "remote.panasonic";
 
-static const uint32_t HEADER_HIGH_US = 3502;
-static const uint32_t HEADER_LOW_US = 1750;
-static const uint32_t BIT_HIGH_US = 502;
-static const uint32_t BIT_ZERO_LOW_US = 400;
-static const uint32_t BIT_ONE_LOW_US = 1244;
+static constexpr uint32_t HEADER_HIGH_US = 3502;
+static constexpr uint32_t HEADER_LOW_US = 1750;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_HIGH_US = 502;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ZERO_LOW_US = 400;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ONE_LOW_US = 1244;
 
 void PanasonicProtocol::encode(RemoteTransmitData *dst, const PanasonicData &data) {
   dst->reserve(100);
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_base/pioneer_protocol.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_base/pioneer_protocol.cpp
index 043565282d..f350ef66ae 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_base/pioneer_protocol.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_base/pioneer_protocol.cpp
@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@ namespace remote_base {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "remote.pioneer";
 
-static const uint32_t HEADER_HIGH_US = 9000;
-static const uint32_t HEADER_LOW_US = 4500;
-static const uint32_t BIT_HIGH_US = 560;
-static const uint32_t BIT_ONE_LOW_US = 1690;
-static const uint32_t BIT_ZERO_LOW_US = 560;
-static const uint32_t TRAILER_SPACE_US = 25500;
+static constexpr uint32_t HEADER_HIGH_US = 9000;
+static constexpr uint32_t HEADER_LOW_US = 4500;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_HIGH_US = 560;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ONE_LOW_US = 1690;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ZERO_LOW_US = 560;
+static constexpr uint32_t TRAILER_SPACE_US = 25500;
 
 void PioneerProtocol::encode(RemoteTransmitData *dst, const PioneerData &data) {
   uint32_t address1 = ((data.rc_code_1 & 0xff00) | (~(data.rc_code_1 >> 8) & 0xff));
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_base/pronto_protocol.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_base/pronto_protocol.cpp
index 401a0976b2..cff3145199 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_base/pronto_protocol.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_base/pronto_protocol.cpp
@@ -59,18 +59,18 @@ bool ProntoData::operator==(const ProntoData &rhs) const {
 }
 
 // DO NOT EXPORT from this file
-static const uint16_t MICROSECONDS_T_MAX = 0xFFFFU;
-static const uint16_t LEARNED_TOKEN = 0x0000U;
-static const uint16_t LEARNED_NON_MODULATED_TOKEN = 0x0100U;
-static const uint16_t BITS_IN_HEXADECIMAL = 4U;
-static const uint16_t DIGITS_IN_PRONTO_NUMBER = 4U;
-static const uint16_t NUMBERS_IN_PREAMBLE = 4U;
-static const uint16_t HEX_MASK = 0xFU;
-static const uint32_t REFERENCE_FREQUENCY = 4145146UL;
-static const uint16_t FALLBACK_FREQUENCY = 64767U;  // To use with frequency = 0;
-static const uint32_t MICROSECONDS_IN_SECONDS = 1000000UL;
-static const uint16_t PRONTO_DEFAULT_GAP = 45000;
-static const uint16_t MARK_EXCESS_MICROS = 20;
+static constexpr uint16_t MICROSECONDS_T_MAX = 0xFFFFU;
+static constexpr uint16_t LEARNED_TOKEN = 0x0000U;
+static constexpr uint16_t LEARNED_NON_MODULATED_TOKEN = 0x0100U;
+static constexpr uint16_t BITS_IN_HEXADECIMAL = 4U;
+static constexpr uint16_t DIGITS_IN_PRONTO_NUMBER = 4U;
+static constexpr uint16_t NUMBERS_IN_PREAMBLE = 4U;
+static constexpr uint16_t HEX_MASK = 0xFU;
+static constexpr uint32_t REFERENCE_FREQUENCY = 4145146UL;
+static constexpr uint16_t FALLBACK_FREQUENCY = 64767U;  // To use with frequency = 0;
+static constexpr uint32_t MICROSECONDS_IN_SECONDS = 1000000UL;
+static constexpr uint16_t PRONTO_DEFAULT_GAP = 45000;
+static constexpr uint16_t MARK_EXCESS_MICROS = 20;
 static constexpr size_t PRONTO_LOG_CHUNK_SIZE = 230;
 
 static uint16_t to_frequency_k_hz(uint16_t code) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_base/rc5_protocol.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_base/rc5_protocol.cpp
index 08f2f2eaa3..bb6d382d80 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_base/rc5_protocol.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_base/rc5_protocol.cpp
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ namespace remote_base {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "remote.rc5";
 
-static const uint32_t BIT_TIME_US = 889;
-static const uint8_t NBITS = 14;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_TIME_US = 889;
+static constexpr uint8_t NBITS = 14;
 
 void RC5Protocol::encode(RemoteTransmitData *dst, const RC5Data &data) {
   static bool toggle = false;
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_base/rc6_protocol.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_base/rc6_protocol.cpp
index fcb4da11a4..b442bb4c27 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_base/rc6_protocol.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_base/rc6_protocol.cpp
@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ namespace remote_base {
 
 static const char *const RC6_TAG = "remote.rc6";
 
-static const uint16_t RC6_FREQ = 36000;
-static const uint16_t RC6_UNIT = 444;
-static const uint16_t RC6_HEADER_MARK = (6 * RC6_UNIT);
-static const uint16_t RC6_HEADER_SPACE = (2 * RC6_UNIT);
-static const uint16_t RC6_MODE_MASK = 0x07;
+static constexpr uint16_t RC6_FREQ = 36000;
+static constexpr uint16_t RC6_UNIT = 444;
+static constexpr uint16_t RC6_HEADER_MARK = (6 * RC6_UNIT);
+static constexpr uint16_t RC6_HEADER_SPACE = (2 * RC6_UNIT);
+static constexpr uint16_t RC6_MODE_MASK = 0x07;
 
 void RC6Protocol::encode(RemoteTransmitData *dst, const RC6Data &data) {
   dst->reserve(44);
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_base/roomba_protocol.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_base/roomba_protocol.cpp
index 2d2dde114a..6b7d216374 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_base/roomba_protocol.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_base/roomba_protocol.cpp
@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ namespace remote_base {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "remote.roomba";
 
-static const uint8_t NBITS = 8;
-static const uint32_t BIT_ONE_HIGH_US = 3000;
-static const uint32_t BIT_ONE_LOW_US = 1000;
-static const uint32_t BIT_ZERO_HIGH_US = BIT_ONE_LOW_US;
-static const uint32_t BIT_ZERO_LOW_US = BIT_ONE_HIGH_US;
+static constexpr uint8_t NBITS = 8;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ONE_HIGH_US = 3000;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ONE_LOW_US = 1000;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ZERO_HIGH_US = BIT_ONE_LOW_US;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ZERO_LOW_US = BIT_ONE_HIGH_US;
 
 void RoombaProtocol::encode(RemoteTransmitData *dst, const RoombaData &data) {
   dst->set_carrier_frequency(38000);
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_base/samsung36_protocol.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_base/samsung36_protocol.cpp
index bd3eee5849..10e8bd2d01 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_base/samsung36_protocol.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_base/samsung36_protocol.cpp
@@ -6,17 +6,17 @@ namespace remote_base {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "remote.samsung36";
 
-static const uint8_t NBITS = 78;
+static constexpr uint8_t NBITS = 78;
 
-static const uint32_t HEADER_HIGH_US = 4500;
-static const uint32_t HEADER_LOW_US = 4500;
-static const uint32_t BIT_HIGH_US = 500;
-static const uint32_t BIT_ONE_LOW_US = 1500;
-static const uint32_t BIT_ZERO_LOW_US = 500;
-static const uint32_t MIDDLE_HIGH_US = 500;
-static const uint32_t MIDDLE_LOW_US = 4500;
-static const uint32_t FOOTER_HIGH_US = 500;
-static const uint32_t FOOTER_LOW_US = 59000;
+static constexpr uint32_t HEADER_HIGH_US = 4500;
+static constexpr uint32_t HEADER_LOW_US = 4500;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_HIGH_US = 500;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ONE_LOW_US = 1500;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ZERO_LOW_US = 500;
+static constexpr uint32_t MIDDLE_HIGH_US = 500;
+static constexpr uint32_t MIDDLE_LOW_US = 4500;
+static constexpr uint32_t FOOTER_HIGH_US = 500;
+static constexpr uint32_t FOOTER_LOW_US = 59000;
 
 void Samsung36Protocol::encode(RemoteTransmitData *dst, const Samsung36Data &data) {
   dst->set_carrier_frequency(38000);
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_base/samsung_protocol.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_base/samsung_protocol.cpp
index 2d6d5531e5..2a48cbb918 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_base/samsung_protocol.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_base/samsung_protocol.cpp
@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@ namespace remote_base {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "remote.samsung";
 
-static const uint32_t HEADER_HIGH_US = 4500;
-static const uint32_t HEADER_LOW_US = 4500;
-static const uint32_t BIT_HIGH_US = 560;
-static const uint32_t BIT_ONE_LOW_US = 1690;
-static const uint32_t BIT_ZERO_LOW_US = 560;
-static const uint32_t FOOTER_HIGH_US = 560;
-static const uint32_t FOOTER_LOW_US = 560;
+static constexpr uint32_t HEADER_HIGH_US = 4500;
+static constexpr uint32_t HEADER_LOW_US = 4500;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_HIGH_US = 560;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ONE_LOW_US = 1690;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ZERO_LOW_US = 560;
+static constexpr uint32_t FOOTER_HIGH_US = 560;
+static constexpr uint32_t FOOTER_LOW_US = 560;
 
 void SamsungProtocol::encode(RemoteTransmitData *dst, const SamsungData &data) {
   dst->set_carrier_frequency(38000);
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_base/sony_protocol.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_base/sony_protocol.cpp
index 69f2b49c42..504b346925 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_base/sony_protocol.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_base/sony_protocol.cpp
@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ namespace remote_base {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "remote.sony";
 
-static const uint32_t HEADER_HIGH_US = 2400;
-static const uint32_t HEADER_LOW_US = 600;
-static const uint32_t BIT_ONE_HIGH_US = 1200;
-static const uint32_t BIT_ZERO_HIGH_US = 600;
-static const uint32_t BIT_LOW_US = 600;
+static constexpr uint32_t HEADER_HIGH_US = 2400;
+static constexpr uint32_t HEADER_LOW_US = 600;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ONE_HIGH_US = 1200;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ZERO_HIGH_US = 600;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_LOW_US = 600;
 
 void SonyProtocol::encode(RemoteTransmitData *dst, const SonyData &data) {
   dst->set_carrier_frequency(40000);
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_base/symphony_protocol.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_base/symphony_protocol.cpp
index 34b5dba07f..f30a980d91 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_base/symphony_protocol.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_base/symphony_protocol.cpp
@@ -13,16 +13,16 @@ static const char *const TAG = "remote.symphony";
 // footer-gap handling used there.
 
 // Symphony protocol timing specifications (tuned to handset captures)
-static const uint32_t BIT_ZERO_HIGH_US = 460;  // short
-static const uint32_t BIT_ZERO_LOW_US = 1260;  // long
-static const uint32_t BIT_ONE_HIGH_US = 1260;  // long
-static const uint32_t BIT_ONE_LOW_US = 460;    // short
-static const uint32_t CARRIER_FREQUENCY = 38000;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ZERO_HIGH_US = 460;  // short
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ZERO_LOW_US = 1260;  // long
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ONE_HIGH_US = 1260;  // long
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ONE_LOW_US = 460;    // short
+static constexpr uint32_t CARRIER_FREQUENCY = 38000;
 
 // IRremoteESP8266 reference: kSymphonyFooterGap = 4 * (mark + space)
-static const uint32_t FOOTER_GAP_US = 4 * (BIT_ZERO_HIGH_US + BIT_ZERO_LOW_US);
+static constexpr uint32_t FOOTER_GAP_US = 4 * (BIT_ZERO_HIGH_US + BIT_ZERO_LOW_US);
 // Typical inter-frame gap (~34.8 ms observed)
-static const uint32_t INTER_FRAME_GAP_US = 34760;
+static constexpr uint32_t INTER_FRAME_GAP_US = 34760;
 
 void SymphonyProtocol::encode(RemoteTransmitData *dst, const SymphonyData &data) {
   dst->set_carrier_frequency(CARRIER_FREQUENCY);
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_base/toshiba_ac_protocol.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_base/toshiba_ac_protocol.cpp
index 42241eea8c..a20a29b84a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_base/toshiba_ac_protocol.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_base/toshiba_ac_protocol.cpp
@@ -7,14 +7,14 @@ namespace remote_base {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "remote.toshibaac";
 
-static const uint32_t HEADER_HIGH_US = 4500;
-static const uint32_t HEADER_LOW_US = 4500;
-static const uint32_t BIT_HIGH_US = 560;
-static const uint32_t BIT_ONE_LOW_US = 1690;
-static const uint32_t BIT_ZERO_LOW_US = 560;
-static const uint32_t FOOTER_HIGH_US = 560;
-static const uint32_t FOOTER_LOW_US = 4500;
-static const uint16_t PACKET_SPACE = 5500;
+static constexpr uint32_t HEADER_HIGH_US = 4500;
+static constexpr uint32_t HEADER_LOW_US = 4500;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_HIGH_US = 560;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ONE_LOW_US = 1690;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ZERO_LOW_US = 560;
+static constexpr uint32_t FOOTER_HIGH_US = 560;
+static constexpr uint32_t FOOTER_LOW_US = 4500;
+static constexpr uint16_t PACKET_SPACE = 5500;
 
 void ToshibaAcProtocol::encode(RemoteTransmitData *dst, const ToshibaAcData &data) {
   dst->set_carrier_frequency(38000);
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_base/toto_protocol.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_base/toto_protocol.cpp
index ba21263bc8..f08258c4a3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_base/toto_protocol.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_base/toto_protocol.cpp
@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@ namespace remote_base {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "remote.toto";
 
-static const uint32_t PREAMBLE_HIGH_US = 6200;
-static const uint32_t PREAMBLE_LOW_US = 2800;
-static const uint32_t BIT_HIGH_US = 550;
-static const uint32_t BIT_ONE_LOW_US = 1700;
-static const uint32_t BIT_ZERO_LOW_US = 550;
-static const uint32_t TOTO_HEADER = 0x2008;
+static constexpr uint32_t PREAMBLE_HIGH_US = 6200;
+static constexpr uint32_t PREAMBLE_LOW_US = 2800;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_HIGH_US = 550;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ONE_LOW_US = 1700;
+static constexpr uint32_t BIT_ZERO_LOW_US = 550;
+static constexpr uint32_t TOTO_HEADER = 0x2008;
 
 void TotoProtocol::encode(RemoteTransmitData *dst, const TotoData &data) {
   uint32_t payload = 0;

From dff9780d3af9f6ce41bf9b3db8e6138dc197c08f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2026 21:19:48 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 063/609] [core] Use constexpr for compile-time constants
 (#14071)

---
 esphome/core/application.h | 2 +-
 esphome/core/helpers.cpp   | 6 +++---
 esphome/core/scheduler.cpp | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/application.h b/esphome/core/application.h
index e0299f3db3..5b3e3dfed6 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.h
+++ b/esphome/core/application.h
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ namespace esphome {
 // For reboots, it's more important to shut down quickly than disconnect cleanly
 // since we're not entering deep sleep. The only consequence of not shutting down
 // cleanly is a warning in the log.
-static const uint32_t TEARDOWN_TIMEOUT_REBOOT_MS = 1000;  // 1 second for quick reboot
+static constexpr uint32_t TEARDOWN_TIMEOUT_REBOOT_MS = 1000;  // 1 second for quick reboot
 
 class Application {
  public:
diff --git a/esphome/core/helpers.cpp b/esphome/core/helpers.cpp
index c2f7f67d9a..09e755ca71 100644
--- a/esphome/core/helpers.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/helpers.cpp
@@ -846,9 +846,9 @@ void IRAM_ATTR HOT delay_microseconds_safe(uint32_t us) {
   // avoids CPU locks that could trigger WDT or affect WiFi/BT stability
   uint32_t start = micros();
 
-  const uint32_t lag = 5000;  // microseconds, specifies the maximum time for a CPU busy-loop.
-                              // it must be larger than the worst-case duration of a delay(1) call (hardware tasks)
-                              // 5ms is conservative, it could be reduced when exact BT/WiFi stack delays are known
+  constexpr uint32_t lag = 5000;  // microseconds, specifies the maximum time for a CPU busy-loop.
+                                  // it must be larger than the worst-case duration of a delay(1) call (hardware tasks)
+                                  // 5ms is conservative, it could be reduced when exact BT/WiFi stack delays are known
   if (us > lag) {
     delay((us - lag) / 1000UL);  // note: in disabled-interrupt contexts delay() won't actually sleep
     while (micros() - start < us - lag)
diff --git a/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp b/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
index 4194c3aa9e..3294f689e8 100644
--- a/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
@@ -728,7 +728,7 @@ uint64_t Scheduler::millis_64_(uint32_t now) {
 
   // Define a safe window around the rollover point (10 seconds)
   // This covers any reasonable scheduler delays or thread preemption
-  static const uint32_t ROLLOVER_WINDOW = 10000;  // 10 seconds in milliseconds
+  static constexpr uint32_t ROLLOVER_WINDOW = 10000;  // 10 seconds in milliseconds
 
   // Check if we're near the rollover boundary (close to std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max() or just past 0)
   bool near_rollover = (last > (std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max() - ROLLOVER_WINDOW)) || (now < ROLLOVER_WINDOW);

From e7f202186450ad2f865ecbc865ca87b10b243dc3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2026 21:32:24 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 064/609] [http_request] Replace std::map with std::vector in
 action template (#14026)

---
 esphome/components/http_request/__init__.py    |  6 +++++-
 esphome/components/http_request/http_request.h | 11 ++++++-----
 2 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/__init__.py b/esphome/components/http_request/__init__.py
index 5faffccbe4..2d6ecae0bc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/__init__.py
@@ -302,10 +302,14 @@ async def http_request_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             lambda_ = await cg.process_lambda(json_, args_, return_type=cg.void)
             cg.add(var.set_json(lambda_))
         else:
+            cg.add(var.init_json(len(json_)))
             for key in json_:
                 template_ = await cg.templatable(json_[key], args, cg.std_string)
                 cg.add(var.add_json(key, template_))
-    for key, value in config.get(CONF_REQUEST_HEADERS, {}).items():
+    request_headers = config.get(CONF_REQUEST_HEADERS, {})
+    if request_headers:
+        cg.add(var.init_request_headers(len(request_headers)))
+    for key, value in request_headers.items():
         template_ = await cg.templatable(value, args, cg.const_char_ptr)
         cg.add(var.add_request_header(key, template_))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request.h b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request.h
index 458ffe94a8..2b2d05c63f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request.h
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request.h
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <list>
-#include <map>
 #include <memory>
 #include <set>
 #include <utility>
@@ -399,13 +398,15 @@ template<typename... Ts> class HttpRequestSendAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, capture_response)
 #endif
 
+  void init_request_headers(size_t count) { this->request_headers_.init(count); }
   void add_request_header(const char *key, TemplatableValue<const char *, Ts...> value) {
-    this->request_headers_.insert({key, value});
+    this->request_headers_.push_back({key, value});
   }
 
   void add_collect_header(const char *value) { this->lower_case_collect_headers_.push_back(value); }
 
-  void add_json(const char *key, TemplatableValue<std::string, Ts...> value) { this->json_.insert({key, value}); }
+  void init_json(size_t count) { this->json_.init(count); }
+  void add_json(const char *key, TemplatableValue<std::string, Ts...> value) { this->json_.push_back({key, value}); }
 
   void set_json(std::function<void(Ts..., JsonObject)> json_func) { this->json_func_ = json_func; }
 
@@ -507,9 +508,9 @@ template<typename... Ts> class HttpRequestSendAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   }
   void encode_json_func_(Ts... x, JsonObject root) { this->json_func_(x..., root); }
   HttpRequestComponent *parent_;
-  std::map<const char *, TemplatableValue<const char *, Ts...>> request_headers_{};
+  FixedVector<std::pair<const char *, TemplatableValue<const char *, Ts...>>> request_headers_{};
   std::vector<std::string> lower_case_collect_headers_{"content-type", "content-length"};
-  std::map<const char *, TemplatableValue<std::string, Ts...>> json_{};
+  FixedVector<std::pair<const char *, TemplatableValue<std::string, Ts...>>> json_{};
   std::function<void(Ts..., JsonObject)> json_func_{nullptr};
 #ifdef USE_HTTP_REQUEST_RESPONSE
   Trigger<std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer>, std::string &, Ts...> success_trigger_with_response_;

From eaf0d03a37a85ead5f33c5b3512d80944f2bfa09 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2026 21:32:37 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 065/609] [ld2420] Use constexpr for compile-time constants
 (#14079)

---
 esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.cpp | 118 +++++++++++++--------------
 esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.h   |   6 +-
 2 files changed, 62 insertions(+), 62 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.cpp b/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.cpp
index 69b69f4a61..cf78a1a460 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.cpp
@@ -63,73 +63,73 @@ namespace esphome::ld2420 {
 static const char *const TAG = "ld2420";
 
 // Local const's
-static const uint16_t REFRESH_RATE_MS = 1000;
+static constexpr uint16_t REFRESH_RATE_MS = 1000;
 
 // Command sets
-static const uint16_t CMD_DISABLE_CONF = 0x00FE;
-static const uint16_t CMD_ENABLE_CONF = 0x00FF;
-static const uint16_t CMD_PARM_HIGH_TRESH = 0x0012;
-static const uint16_t CMD_PARM_LOW_TRESH = 0x0021;
-static const uint16_t CMD_PROTOCOL_VER = 0x0002;
-static const uint16_t CMD_READ_ABD_PARAM = 0x0008;
-static const uint16_t CMD_READ_REG_ADDR = 0x0020;
-static const uint16_t CMD_READ_REGISTER = 0x0002;
-static const uint16_t CMD_READ_SERIAL_NUM = 0x0011;
-static const uint16_t CMD_READ_SYS_PARAM = 0x0013;
-static const uint16_t CMD_READ_VERSION = 0x0000;
-static const uint16_t CMD_RESTART = 0x0068;
-static const uint16_t CMD_SYSTEM_MODE = 0x0000;
-static const uint16_t CMD_SYSTEM_MODE_GR = 0x0003;
-static const uint16_t CMD_SYSTEM_MODE_MTT = 0x0001;
-static const uint16_t CMD_SYSTEM_MODE_SIMPLE = 0x0064;
-static const uint16_t CMD_SYSTEM_MODE_DEBUG = 0x0000;
-static const uint16_t CMD_SYSTEM_MODE_ENERGY = 0x0004;
-static const uint16_t CMD_SYSTEM_MODE_VS = 0x0002;
-static const uint16_t CMD_WRITE_ABD_PARAM = 0x0007;
-static const uint16_t CMD_WRITE_REGISTER = 0x0001;
-static const uint16_t CMD_WRITE_SYS_PARAM = 0x0012;
+static constexpr uint16_t CMD_DISABLE_CONF = 0x00FE;
+static constexpr uint16_t CMD_ENABLE_CONF = 0x00FF;
+static constexpr uint16_t CMD_PARM_HIGH_TRESH = 0x0012;
+static constexpr uint16_t CMD_PARM_LOW_TRESH = 0x0021;
+static constexpr uint16_t CMD_PROTOCOL_VER = 0x0002;
+static constexpr uint16_t CMD_READ_ABD_PARAM = 0x0008;
+static constexpr uint16_t CMD_READ_REG_ADDR = 0x0020;
+static constexpr uint16_t CMD_READ_REGISTER = 0x0002;
+static constexpr uint16_t CMD_READ_SERIAL_NUM = 0x0011;
+static constexpr uint16_t CMD_READ_SYS_PARAM = 0x0013;
+static constexpr uint16_t CMD_READ_VERSION = 0x0000;
+static constexpr uint16_t CMD_RESTART = 0x0068;
+static constexpr uint16_t CMD_SYSTEM_MODE = 0x0000;
+static constexpr uint16_t CMD_SYSTEM_MODE_GR = 0x0003;
+static constexpr uint16_t CMD_SYSTEM_MODE_MTT = 0x0001;
+static constexpr uint16_t CMD_SYSTEM_MODE_SIMPLE = 0x0064;
+static constexpr uint16_t CMD_SYSTEM_MODE_DEBUG = 0x0000;
+static constexpr uint16_t CMD_SYSTEM_MODE_ENERGY = 0x0004;
+static constexpr uint16_t CMD_SYSTEM_MODE_VS = 0x0002;
+static constexpr uint16_t CMD_WRITE_ABD_PARAM = 0x0007;
+static constexpr uint16_t CMD_WRITE_REGISTER = 0x0001;
+static constexpr uint16_t CMD_WRITE_SYS_PARAM = 0x0012;
 
-static const uint8_t CMD_ABD_DATA_REPLY_SIZE = 0x04;
-static const uint8_t CMD_ABD_DATA_REPLY_START = 0x0A;
-static const uint8_t CMD_MAX_BYTES = 0x64;
-static const uint8_t CMD_REG_DATA_REPLY_SIZE = 0x02;
+static constexpr uint8_t CMD_ABD_DATA_REPLY_SIZE = 0x04;
+static constexpr uint8_t CMD_ABD_DATA_REPLY_START = 0x0A;
+static constexpr uint8_t CMD_MAX_BYTES = 0x64;
+static constexpr uint8_t CMD_REG_DATA_REPLY_SIZE = 0x02;
 
-static const uint8_t LD2420_ERROR_NONE = 0x00;
-static const uint8_t LD2420_ERROR_TIMEOUT = 0x02;
-static const uint8_t LD2420_ERROR_UNKNOWN = 0x01;
+static constexpr uint8_t LD2420_ERROR_NONE = 0x00;
+static constexpr uint8_t LD2420_ERROR_TIMEOUT = 0x02;
+static constexpr uint8_t LD2420_ERROR_UNKNOWN = 0x01;
 
 // Register address values
-static const uint16_t CMD_MIN_GATE_REG = 0x0000;
-static const uint16_t CMD_MAX_GATE_REG = 0x0001;
-static const uint16_t CMD_TIMEOUT_REG = 0x0004;
-static const uint16_t CMD_GATE_MOVE_THRESH[TOTAL_GATES] = {0x0010, 0x0011, 0x0012, 0x0013, 0x0014, 0x0015,
-                                                           0x0016, 0x0017, 0x0018, 0x0019, 0x001A, 0x001B,
-                                                           0x001C, 0x001D, 0x001E, 0x001F};
-static const uint16_t CMD_GATE_STILL_THRESH[TOTAL_GATES] = {0x0020, 0x0021, 0x0022, 0x0023, 0x0024, 0x0025,
-                                                            0x0026, 0x0027, 0x0028, 0x0029, 0x002A, 0x002B,
-                                                            0x002C, 0x002D, 0x002E, 0x002F};
-static const uint32_t FACTORY_MOVE_THRESH[TOTAL_GATES] = {60000, 30000, 400, 250, 250, 250, 250, 250,
-                                                          250,   250,   250, 250, 250, 250, 250, 250};
-static const uint32_t FACTORY_STILL_THRESH[TOTAL_GATES] = {40000, 20000, 200, 200, 200, 200, 200, 150,
-                                                           150,   100,   100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100};
-static const uint16_t FACTORY_TIMEOUT = 120;
-static const uint16_t FACTORY_MIN_GATE = 1;
-static const uint16_t FACTORY_MAX_GATE = 12;
+static constexpr uint16_t CMD_MIN_GATE_REG = 0x0000;
+static constexpr uint16_t CMD_MAX_GATE_REG = 0x0001;
+static constexpr uint16_t CMD_TIMEOUT_REG = 0x0004;
+static constexpr uint16_t CMD_GATE_MOVE_THRESH[TOTAL_GATES] = {0x0010, 0x0011, 0x0012, 0x0013, 0x0014, 0x0015,
+                                                               0x0016, 0x0017, 0x0018, 0x0019, 0x001A, 0x001B,
+                                                               0x001C, 0x001D, 0x001E, 0x001F};
+static constexpr uint16_t CMD_GATE_STILL_THRESH[TOTAL_GATES] = {0x0020, 0x0021, 0x0022, 0x0023, 0x0024, 0x0025,
+                                                                0x0026, 0x0027, 0x0028, 0x0029, 0x002A, 0x002B,
+                                                                0x002C, 0x002D, 0x002E, 0x002F};
+static constexpr uint32_t FACTORY_MOVE_THRESH[TOTAL_GATES] = {60000, 30000, 400, 250, 250, 250, 250, 250,
+                                                              250,   250,   250, 250, 250, 250, 250, 250};
+static constexpr uint32_t FACTORY_STILL_THRESH[TOTAL_GATES] = {40000, 20000, 200, 200, 200, 200, 200, 150,
+                                                               150,   100,   100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100};
+static constexpr uint16_t FACTORY_TIMEOUT = 120;
+static constexpr uint16_t FACTORY_MIN_GATE = 1;
+static constexpr uint16_t FACTORY_MAX_GATE = 12;
 
 // COMMAND_BYTE Header & Footer
-static const uint32_t CMD_FRAME_FOOTER = 0x01020304;
-static const uint32_t CMD_FRAME_HEADER = 0xFAFBFCFD;
-static const uint32_t DEBUG_FRAME_FOOTER = 0xFAFBFCFD;
-static const uint32_t DEBUG_FRAME_HEADER = 0x1410BFAA;
-static const uint32_t ENERGY_FRAME_FOOTER = 0xF5F6F7F8;
-static const uint32_t ENERGY_FRAME_HEADER = 0xF1F2F3F4;
-static const int CALIBRATE_VERSION_MIN = 154;
-static const uint8_t CMD_FRAME_COMMAND = 6;
-static const uint8_t CMD_FRAME_DATA_LENGTH = 4;
-static const uint8_t CMD_FRAME_STATUS = 7;
-static const uint8_t CMD_ERROR_WORD = 8;
-static const uint8_t ENERGY_SENSOR_START = 9;
-static const uint8_t CALIBRATE_REPORT_INTERVAL = 4;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_FRAME_FOOTER = 0x01020304;
+static constexpr uint32_t CMD_FRAME_HEADER = 0xFAFBFCFD;
+static constexpr uint32_t DEBUG_FRAME_FOOTER = 0xFAFBFCFD;
+static constexpr uint32_t DEBUG_FRAME_HEADER = 0x1410BFAA;
+static constexpr uint32_t ENERGY_FRAME_FOOTER = 0xF5F6F7F8;
+static constexpr uint32_t ENERGY_FRAME_HEADER = 0xF1F2F3F4;
+static constexpr int CALIBRATE_VERSION_MIN = 154;
+static constexpr uint8_t CMD_FRAME_COMMAND = 6;
+static constexpr uint8_t CMD_FRAME_DATA_LENGTH = 4;
+static constexpr uint8_t CMD_FRAME_STATUS = 7;
+static constexpr uint8_t CMD_ERROR_WORD = 8;
+static constexpr uint8_t ENERGY_SENSOR_START = 9;
+static constexpr uint8_t CALIBRATE_REPORT_INTERVAL = 4;
 static const char *const OP_NORMAL_MODE_STRING = "Normal";
 static const char *const OP_SIMPLE_MODE_STRING = "Simple";
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.h b/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.h
index 6d81f86497..02250c5911 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.h
@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@
 
 namespace esphome::ld2420 {
 
-static const uint8_t CALIBRATE_SAMPLES = 64;
-static const uint8_t MAX_LINE_LENGTH = 46;  // Max characters for serial buffer
-static const uint8_t TOTAL_GATES = 16;
+static constexpr uint8_t CALIBRATE_SAMPLES = 64;
+static constexpr uint8_t MAX_LINE_LENGTH = 46;  // Max characters for serial buffer
+static constexpr uint8_t TOTAL_GATES = 16;
 
 enum OpMode : uint8_t {
   OP_NORMAL_MODE = 1,

From 9a8b00a42835b20db98081f1801c5cbafafc723a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2026 21:33:23 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 066/609] [nfc] Use constexpr for compile-time constants
 (#14077)

---
 esphome/components/nfc/nci_core.h        | 228 +++++++++++------------
 esphome/components/nfc/ndef_message.h    |   2 +-
 esphome/components/nfc/ndef_record.h     |  16 +-
 esphome/components/nfc/ndef_record_uri.h |   2 +-
 esphome/components/nfc/nfc.h             |  60 +++---
 5 files changed, 154 insertions(+), 154 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/nfc/nci_core.h b/esphome/components/nfc/nci_core.h
index fdaf6d0cc5..6b42070ed0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nfc/nci_core.h
+++ b/esphome/components/nfc/nci_core.h
@@ -8,137 +8,137 @@ namespace esphome {
 namespace nfc {
 
 // Header info
-static const uint8_t NCI_PKT_HEADER_SIZE = 3;     // NCI packet (pkt) headers are always three bytes
-static const uint8_t NCI_PKT_MT_GID_OFFSET = 0;   // NCI packet (pkt) MT and GID offsets
-static const uint8_t NCI_PKT_OID_OFFSET = 1;      // NCI packet (pkt) OID offset
-static const uint8_t NCI_PKT_LENGTH_OFFSET = 2;   // NCI packet (pkt) message length (size) offset
-static const uint8_t NCI_PKT_PAYLOAD_OFFSET = 3;  // NCI packet (pkt) payload offset
+static constexpr uint8_t NCI_PKT_HEADER_SIZE = 3;     // NCI packet (pkt) headers are always three bytes
+static constexpr uint8_t NCI_PKT_MT_GID_OFFSET = 0;   // NCI packet (pkt) MT and GID offsets
+static constexpr uint8_t NCI_PKT_OID_OFFSET = 1;      // NCI packet (pkt) OID offset
+static constexpr uint8_t NCI_PKT_LENGTH_OFFSET = 2;   // NCI packet (pkt) message length (size) offset
+static constexpr uint8_t NCI_PKT_PAYLOAD_OFFSET = 3;  // NCI packet (pkt) payload offset
 // Important masks
-static const uint8_t NCI_PKT_MT_MASK = 0xE0;   // NCI packet (pkt) message type mask
-static const uint8_t NCI_PKT_PBF_MASK = 0x10;  // packet boundary flag bit
-static const uint8_t NCI_PKT_GID_MASK = 0x0F;
-static const uint8_t NCI_PKT_OID_MASK = 0x3F;
+static constexpr uint8_t NCI_PKT_MT_MASK = 0xE0;   // NCI packet (pkt) message type mask
+static constexpr uint8_t NCI_PKT_PBF_MASK = 0x10;  // packet boundary flag bit
+static constexpr uint8_t NCI_PKT_GID_MASK = 0x0F;
+static constexpr uint8_t NCI_PKT_OID_MASK = 0x3F;
 // Message types
-static const uint8_t NCI_PKT_MT_DATA = 0x00;               // For sending commands to NFC endpoint (card/tag)
-static const uint8_t NCI_PKT_MT_CTRL_COMMAND = 0x20;       // For sending commands to NFCC
-static const uint8_t NCI_PKT_MT_CTRL_RESPONSE = 0x40;      // Response from NFCC to commands
-static const uint8_t NCI_PKT_MT_CTRL_NOTIFICATION = 0x60;  // Notification from NFCC
+static constexpr uint8_t NCI_PKT_MT_DATA = 0x00;               // For sending commands to NFC endpoint (card/tag)
+static constexpr uint8_t NCI_PKT_MT_CTRL_COMMAND = 0x20;       // For sending commands to NFCC
+static constexpr uint8_t NCI_PKT_MT_CTRL_RESPONSE = 0x40;      // Response from NFCC to commands
+static constexpr uint8_t NCI_PKT_MT_CTRL_NOTIFICATION = 0x60;  // Notification from NFCC
 // GIDs
-static const uint8_t NCI_CORE_GID = 0x0;
-static const uint8_t RF_GID = 0x1;
-static const uint8_t NFCEE_GID = 0x1;
-static const uint8_t NCI_PROPRIETARY_GID = 0xF;
+static constexpr uint8_t NCI_CORE_GID = 0x0;
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_GID = 0x1;
+static constexpr uint8_t NFCEE_GID = 0x1;
+static constexpr uint8_t NCI_PROPRIETARY_GID = 0xF;
 // OIDs
-static const uint8_t NCI_CORE_RESET_OID = 0x00;
-static const uint8_t NCI_CORE_INIT_OID = 0x01;
-static const uint8_t NCI_CORE_SET_CONFIG_OID = 0x02;
-static const uint8_t NCI_CORE_GET_CONFIG_OID = 0x03;
-static const uint8_t NCI_CORE_CONN_CREATE_OID = 0x04;
-static const uint8_t NCI_CORE_CONN_CLOSE_OID = 0x05;
-static const uint8_t NCI_CORE_CONN_CREDITS_OID = 0x06;
-static const uint8_t NCI_CORE_GENERIC_ERROR_OID = 0x07;
-static const uint8_t NCI_CORE_INTERFACE_ERROR_OID = 0x08;
+static constexpr uint8_t NCI_CORE_RESET_OID = 0x00;
+static constexpr uint8_t NCI_CORE_INIT_OID = 0x01;
+static constexpr uint8_t NCI_CORE_SET_CONFIG_OID = 0x02;
+static constexpr uint8_t NCI_CORE_GET_CONFIG_OID = 0x03;
+static constexpr uint8_t NCI_CORE_CONN_CREATE_OID = 0x04;
+static constexpr uint8_t NCI_CORE_CONN_CLOSE_OID = 0x05;
+static constexpr uint8_t NCI_CORE_CONN_CREDITS_OID = 0x06;
+static constexpr uint8_t NCI_CORE_GENERIC_ERROR_OID = 0x07;
+static constexpr uint8_t NCI_CORE_INTERFACE_ERROR_OID = 0x08;
 
-static const uint8_t RF_DISCOVER_MAP_OID = 0x00;
-static const uint8_t RF_SET_LISTEN_MODE_ROUTING_OID = 0x01;
-static const uint8_t RF_GET_LISTEN_MODE_ROUTING_OID = 0x02;
-static const uint8_t RF_DISCOVER_OID = 0x03;
-static const uint8_t RF_DISCOVER_SELECT_OID = 0x04;
-static const uint8_t RF_INTF_ACTIVATED_OID = 0x05;
-static const uint8_t RF_DEACTIVATE_OID = 0x06;
-static const uint8_t RF_FIELD_INFO_OID = 0x07;
-static const uint8_t RF_T3T_POLLING_OID = 0x08;
-static const uint8_t RF_NFCEE_ACTION_OID = 0x09;
-static const uint8_t RF_NFCEE_DISCOVERY_REQ_OID = 0x0A;
-static const uint8_t RF_PARAMETER_UPDATE_OID = 0x0B;
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_DISCOVER_MAP_OID = 0x00;
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_SET_LISTEN_MODE_ROUTING_OID = 0x01;
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_GET_LISTEN_MODE_ROUTING_OID = 0x02;
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_DISCOVER_OID = 0x03;
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_DISCOVER_SELECT_OID = 0x04;
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_INTF_ACTIVATED_OID = 0x05;
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_DEACTIVATE_OID = 0x06;
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_FIELD_INFO_OID = 0x07;
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_T3T_POLLING_OID = 0x08;
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_NFCEE_ACTION_OID = 0x09;
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_NFCEE_DISCOVERY_REQ_OID = 0x0A;
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_PARAMETER_UPDATE_OID = 0x0B;
 
-static const uint8_t NFCEE_DISCOVER_OID = 0x00;
-static const uint8_t NFCEE_MODE_SET_OID = 0x01;
+static constexpr uint8_t NFCEE_DISCOVER_OID = 0x00;
+static constexpr uint8_t NFCEE_MODE_SET_OID = 0x01;
 // Interfaces
-static const uint8_t INTF_NFCEE_DIRECT = 0x00;
-static const uint8_t INTF_FRAME = 0x01;
-static const uint8_t INTF_ISODEP = 0x02;
-static const uint8_t INTF_NFCDEP = 0x03;
-static const uint8_t INTF_TAGCMD = 0x80;  // NXP proprietary
+static constexpr uint8_t INTF_NFCEE_DIRECT = 0x00;
+static constexpr uint8_t INTF_FRAME = 0x01;
+static constexpr uint8_t INTF_ISODEP = 0x02;
+static constexpr uint8_t INTF_NFCDEP = 0x03;
+static constexpr uint8_t INTF_TAGCMD = 0x80;  // NXP proprietary
 // Bit rates
-static const uint8_t NFC_BIT_RATE_106 = 0x00;
-static const uint8_t NFC_BIT_RATE_212 = 0x01;
-static const uint8_t NFC_BIT_RATE_424 = 0x02;
-static const uint8_t NFC_BIT_RATE_848 = 0x03;
-static const uint8_t NFC_BIT_RATE_1695 = 0x04;
-static const uint8_t NFC_BIT_RATE_3390 = 0x05;
-static const uint8_t NFC_BIT_RATE_6780 = 0x06;
+static constexpr uint8_t NFC_BIT_RATE_106 = 0x00;
+static constexpr uint8_t NFC_BIT_RATE_212 = 0x01;
+static constexpr uint8_t NFC_BIT_RATE_424 = 0x02;
+static constexpr uint8_t NFC_BIT_RATE_848 = 0x03;
+static constexpr uint8_t NFC_BIT_RATE_1695 = 0x04;
+static constexpr uint8_t NFC_BIT_RATE_3390 = 0x05;
+static constexpr uint8_t NFC_BIT_RATE_6780 = 0x06;
 // Protocols
-static const uint8_t PROT_UNDETERMINED = 0x00;
-static const uint8_t PROT_T1T = 0x01;
-static const uint8_t PROT_T2T = 0x02;
-static const uint8_t PROT_T3T = 0x03;
-static const uint8_t PROT_ISODEP = 0x04;
-static const uint8_t PROT_NFCDEP = 0x05;
-static const uint8_t PROT_T5T = 0x06;
-static const uint8_t PROT_MIFARE = 0x80;
+static constexpr uint8_t PROT_UNDETERMINED = 0x00;
+static constexpr uint8_t PROT_T1T = 0x01;
+static constexpr uint8_t PROT_T2T = 0x02;
+static constexpr uint8_t PROT_T3T = 0x03;
+static constexpr uint8_t PROT_ISODEP = 0x04;
+static constexpr uint8_t PROT_NFCDEP = 0x05;
+static constexpr uint8_t PROT_T5T = 0x06;
+static constexpr uint8_t PROT_MIFARE = 0x80;
 // RF Technologies
-static const uint8_t NFC_RF_TECH_A = 0x00;
-static const uint8_t NFC_RF_TECH_B = 0x01;
-static const uint8_t NFC_RF_TECH_F = 0x02;
-static const uint8_t NFC_RF_TECH_15693 = 0x03;
+static constexpr uint8_t NFC_RF_TECH_A = 0x00;
+static constexpr uint8_t NFC_RF_TECH_B = 0x01;
+static constexpr uint8_t NFC_RF_TECH_F = 0x02;
+static constexpr uint8_t NFC_RF_TECH_15693 = 0x03;
 // RF Technology & Modes
-static const uint8_t MODE_MASK = 0xF0;
-static const uint8_t MODE_LISTEN_MASK = 0x80;
-static const uint8_t MODE_POLL = 0x00;
+static constexpr uint8_t MODE_MASK = 0xF0;
+static constexpr uint8_t MODE_LISTEN_MASK = 0x80;
+static constexpr uint8_t MODE_POLL = 0x00;
 
-static const uint8_t TECH_PASSIVE_NFCA = 0x00;
-static const uint8_t TECH_PASSIVE_NFCB = 0x01;
-static const uint8_t TECH_PASSIVE_NFCF = 0x02;
-static const uint8_t TECH_ACTIVE_NFCA = 0x03;
-static const uint8_t TECH_ACTIVE_NFCF = 0x05;
-static const uint8_t TECH_PASSIVE_15693 = 0x06;
+static constexpr uint8_t TECH_PASSIVE_NFCA = 0x00;
+static constexpr uint8_t TECH_PASSIVE_NFCB = 0x01;
+static constexpr uint8_t TECH_PASSIVE_NFCF = 0x02;
+static constexpr uint8_t TECH_ACTIVE_NFCA = 0x03;
+static constexpr uint8_t TECH_ACTIVE_NFCF = 0x05;
+static constexpr uint8_t TECH_PASSIVE_15693 = 0x06;
 // Status codes
-static const uint8_t STATUS_OK = 0x00;
-static const uint8_t STATUS_REJECTED = 0x01;
-static const uint8_t STATUS_RF_FRAME_CORRUPTED = 0x02;
-static const uint8_t STATUS_FAILED = 0x03;
-static const uint8_t STATUS_NOT_INITIALIZED = 0x04;
-static const uint8_t STATUS_SYNTAX_ERROR = 0x05;
-static const uint8_t STATUS_SEMANTIC_ERROR = 0x06;
-static const uint8_t STATUS_INVALID_PARAM = 0x09;
-static const uint8_t STATUS_MESSAGE_SIZE_EXCEEDED = 0x0A;
-static const uint8_t DISCOVERY_ALREADY_STARTED = 0xA0;
-static const uint8_t DISCOVERY_TARGET_ACTIVATION_FAILED = 0xA1;
-static const uint8_t DISCOVERY_TEAR_DOWN = 0xA2;
-static const uint8_t RF_TRANSMISSION_ERROR = 0xB0;
-static const uint8_t RF_PROTOCOL_ERROR = 0xB1;
-static const uint8_t RF_TIMEOUT_ERROR = 0xB2;
-static const uint8_t NFCEE_INTERFACE_ACTIVATION_FAILED = 0xC0;
-static const uint8_t NFCEE_TRANSMISSION_ERROR = 0xC1;
-static const uint8_t NFCEE_PROTOCOL_ERROR = 0xC2;
-static const uint8_t NFCEE_TIMEOUT_ERROR = 0xC3;
+static constexpr uint8_t STATUS_OK = 0x00;
+static constexpr uint8_t STATUS_REJECTED = 0x01;
+static constexpr uint8_t STATUS_RF_FRAME_CORRUPTED = 0x02;
+static constexpr uint8_t STATUS_FAILED = 0x03;
+static constexpr uint8_t STATUS_NOT_INITIALIZED = 0x04;
+static constexpr uint8_t STATUS_SYNTAX_ERROR = 0x05;
+static constexpr uint8_t STATUS_SEMANTIC_ERROR = 0x06;
+static constexpr uint8_t STATUS_INVALID_PARAM = 0x09;
+static constexpr uint8_t STATUS_MESSAGE_SIZE_EXCEEDED = 0x0A;
+static constexpr uint8_t DISCOVERY_ALREADY_STARTED = 0xA0;
+static constexpr uint8_t DISCOVERY_TARGET_ACTIVATION_FAILED = 0xA1;
+static constexpr uint8_t DISCOVERY_TEAR_DOWN = 0xA2;
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_TRANSMISSION_ERROR = 0xB0;
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_PROTOCOL_ERROR = 0xB1;
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_TIMEOUT_ERROR = 0xB2;
+static constexpr uint8_t NFCEE_INTERFACE_ACTIVATION_FAILED = 0xC0;
+static constexpr uint8_t NFCEE_TRANSMISSION_ERROR = 0xC1;
+static constexpr uint8_t NFCEE_PROTOCOL_ERROR = 0xC2;
+static constexpr uint8_t NFCEE_TIMEOUT_ERROR = 0xC3;
 // Deactivation types/reasons
-static const uint8_t DEACTIVATION_TYPE_IDLE = 0x00;
-static const uint8_t DEACTIVATION_TYPE_SLEEP = 0x01;
-static const uint8_t DEACTIVATION_TYPE_SLEEP_AF = 0x02;
-static const uint8_t DEACTIVATION_TYPE_DISCOVERY = 0x03;
+static constexpr uint8_t DEACTIVATION_TYPE_IDLE = 0x00;
+static constexpr uint8_t DEACTIVATION_TYPE_SLEEP = 0x01;
+static constexpr uint8_t DEACTIVATION_TYPE_SLEEP_AF = 0x02;
+static constexpr uint8_t DEACTIVATION_TYPE_DISCOVERY = 0x03;
 // RF discover map modes
-static const uint8_t RF_DISCOVER_MAP_MODE_POLL = 0x1;
-static const uint8_t RF_DISCOVER_MAP_MODE_LISTEN = 0x2;
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_DISCOVER_MAP_MODE_POLL = 0x1;
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_DISCOVER_MAP_MODE_LISTEN = 0x2;
 // RF discover notification types
-static const uint8_t RF_DISCOVER_NTF_NT_LAST = 0x00;
-static const uint8_t RF_DISCOVER_NTF_NT_LAST_RL = 0x01;
-static const uint8_t RF_DISCOVER_NTF_NT_MORE = 0x02;
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_DISCOVER_NTF_NT_LAST = 0x00;
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_DISCOVER_NTF_NT_LAST_RL = 0x01;
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_DISCOVER_NTF_NT_MORE = 0x02;
 // Important message offsets
-static const uint8_t RF_DISCOVER_NTF_DISCOVERY_ID = 0 + NCI_PKT_HEADER_SIZE;
-static const uint8_t RF_DISCOVER_NTF_PROTOCOL = 1 + NCI_PKT_HEADER_SIZE;
-static const uint8_t RF_DISCOVER_NTF_MODE_TECH = 2 + NCI_PKT_HEADER_SIZE;
-static const uint8_t RF_DISCOVER_NTF_RF_TECH_LENGTH = 3 + NCI_PKT_HEADER_SIZE;
-static const uint8_t RF_DISCOVER_NTF_RF_TECH_PARAMS = 4 + NCI_PKT_HEADER_SIZE;
-static const uint8_t RF_INTF_ACTIVATED_NTF_DISCOVERY_ID = 0 + NCI_PKT_HEADER_SIZE;
-static const uint8_t RF_INTF_ACTIVATED_NTF_INTERFACE = 1 + NCI_PKT_HEADER_SIZE;
-static const uint8_t RF_INTF_ACTIVATED_NTF_PROTOCOL = 2 + NCI_PKT_HEADER_SIZE;
-static const uint8_t RF_INTF_ACTIVATED_NTF_MODE_TECH = 3 + NCI_PKT_HEADER_SIZE;
-static const uint8_t RF_INTF_ACTIVATED_NTF_MAX_SIZE = 4 + NCI_PKT_HEADER_SIZE;
-static const uint8_t RF_INTF_ACTIVATED_NTF_INIT_CRED = 5 + NCI_PKT_HEADER_SIZE;
-static const uint8_t RF_INTF_ACTIVATED_NTF_RF_TECH_LENGTH = 6 + NCI_PKT_HEADER_SIZE;
-static const uint8_t RF_INTF_ACTIVATED_NTF_RF_TECH_PARAMS = 7 + NCI_PKT_HEADER_SIZE;
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_DISCOVER_NTF_DISCOVERY_ID = 0 + NCI_PKT_HEADER_SIZE;
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_DISCOVER_NTF_PROTOCOL = 1 + NCI_PKT_HEADER_SIZE;
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_DISCOVER_NTF_MODE_TECH = 2 + NCI_PKT_HEADER_SIZE;
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_DISCOVER_NTF_RF_TECH_LENGTH = 3 + NCI_PKT_HEADER_SIZE;
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_DISCOVER_NTF_RF_TECH_PARAMS = 4 + NCI_PKT_HEADER_SIZE;
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_INTF_ACTIVATED_NTF_DISCOVERY_ID = 0 + NCI_PKT_HEADER_SIZE;
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_INTF_ACTIVATED_NTF_INTERFACE = 1 + NCI_PKT_HEADER_SIZE;
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_INTF_ACTIVATED_NTF_PROTOCOL = 2 + NCI_PKT_HEADER_SIZE;
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_INTF_ACTIVATED_NTF_MODE_TECH = 3 + NCI_PKT_HEADER_SIZE;
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_INTF_ACTIVATED_NTF_MAX_SIZE = 4 + NCI_PKT_HEADER_SIZE;
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_INTF_ACTIVATED_NTF_INIT_CRED = 5 + NCI_PKT_HEADER_SIZE;
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_INTF_ACTIVATED_NTF_RF_TECH_LENGTH = 6 + NCI_PKT_HEADER_SIZE;
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_INTF_ACTIVATED_NTF_RF_TECH_PARAMS = 7 + NCI_PKT_HEADER_SIZE;
 
 }  // namespace nfc
 }  // namespace esphome
diff --git a/esphome/components/nfc/ndef_message.h b/esphome/components/nfc/ndef_message.h
index 2e81fb216c..48f79b8854 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nfc/ndef_message.h
+++ b/esphome/components/nfc/ndef_message.h
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace nfc {
 
-static const uint8_t MAX_NDEF_RECORDS = 4;
+static constexpr uint8_t MAX_NDEF_RECORDS = 4;
 
 class NdefMessage {
  public:
diff --git a/esphome/components/nfc/ndef_record.h b/esphome/components/nfc/ndef_record.h
index 76d8b6a50a..1a7c24aee9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nfc/ndef_record.h
+++ b/esphome/components/nfc/ndef_record.h
@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace nfc {
 
-static const uint8_t TNF_EMPTY = 0x00;
-static const uint8_t TNF_WELL_KNOWN = 0x01;
-static const uint8_t TNF_MIME_MEDIA = 0x02;
-static const uint8_t TNF_ABSOLUTE_URI = 0x03;
-static const uint8_t TNF_EXTERNAL_TYPE = 0x04;
-static const uint8_t TNF_UNKNOWN = 0x05;
-static const uint8_t TNF_UNCHANGED = 0x06;
-static const uint8_t TNF_RESERVED = 0x07;
+static constexpr uint8_t TNF_EMPTY = 0x00;
+static constexpr uint8_t TNF_WELL_KNOWN = 0x01;
+static constexpr uint8_t TNF_MIME_MEDIA = 0x02;
+static constexpr uint8_t TNF_ABSOLUTE_URI = 0x03;
+static constexpr uint8_t TNF_EXTERNAL_TYPE = 0x04;
+static constexpr uint8_t TNF_UNKNOWN = 0x05;
+static constexpr uint8_t TNF_UNCHANGED = 0x06;
+static constexpr uint8_t TNF_RESERVED = 0x07;
 
 class NdefRecord {
  public:
diff --git a/esphome/components/nfc/ndef_record_uri.h b/esphome/components/nfc/ndef_record_uri.h
index 1eadda1b4f..2f7790a9a9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nfc/ndef_record_uri.h
+++ b/esphome/components/nfc/ndef_record_uri.h
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace nfc {
 
-static const uint8_t PAYLOAD_IDENTIFIERS_COUNT = 0x23;
+static constexpr uint8_t PAYLOAD_IDENTIFIERS_COUNT = 0x23;
 static const char *const PAYLOAD_IDENTIFIERS[] = {"",
                                                   "http://www.",
                                                   "https://www.",
diff --git a/esphome/components/nfc/nfc.h b/esphome/components/nfc/nfc.h
index 5191904833..cdaea82af6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nfc/nfc.h
+++ b/esphome/components/nfc/nfc.h
@@ -12,47 +12,47 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace nfc {
 
-static const uint8_t MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCK_SIZE = 16;
-static const uint8_t MIFARE_CLASSIC_LONG_TLV_SIZE = 4;
-static const uint8_t MIFARE_CLASSIC_SHORT_TLV_SIZE = 2;
-static const uint8_t MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCKS_PER_SECT_LOW = 4;
-static const uint8_t MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCKS_PER_SECT_HIGH = 16;
-static const uint8_t MIFARE_CLASSIC_16BLOCK_SECT_START = 32;
+static constexpr uint8_t MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCK_SIZE = 16;
+static constexpr uint8_t MIFARE_CLASSIC_LONG_TLV_SIZE = 4;
+static constexpr uint8_t MIFARE_CLASSIC_SHORT_TLV_SIZE = 2;
+static constexpr uint8_t MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCKS_PER_SECT_LOW = 4;
+static constexpr uint8_t MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCKS_PER_SECT_HIGH = 16;
+static constexpr uint8_t MIFARE_CLASSIC_16BLOCK_SECT_START = 32;
 
-static const uint8_t MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT_PAGE_SIZE = 4;
-static const uint8_t MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT_READ_SIZE = 4;
-static const uint8_t MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT_DATA_START_PAGE = 4;
-static const uint8_t MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT_MAX_PAGE = 63;
+static constexpr uint8_t MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT_PAGE_SIZE = 4;
+static constexpr uint8_t MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT_READ_SIZE = 4;
+static constexpr uint8_t MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT_DATA_START_PAGE = 4;
+static constexpr uint8_t MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT_MAX_PAGE = 63;
 
-static const uint8_t TAG_TYPE_MIFARE_CLASSIC = 0;
-static const uint8_t TAG_TYPE_1 = 1;
-static const uint8_t TAG_TYPE_2 = 2;
-static const uint8_t TAG_TYPE_3 = 3;
-static const uint8_t TAG_TYPE_4 = 4;
-static const uint8_t TAG_TYPE_UNKNOWN = 99;
+static constexpr uint8_t TAG_TYPE_MIFARE_CLASSIC = 0;
+static constexpr uint8_t TAG_TYPE_1 = 1;
+static constexpr uint8_t TAG_TYPE_2 = 2;
+static constexpr uint8_t TAG_TYPE_3 = 3;
+static constexpr uint8_t TAG_TYPE_4 = 4;
+static constexpr uint8_t TAG_TYPE_UNKNOWN = 99;
 
 // Mifare Commands
-static const uint8_t MIFARE_CMD_AUTH_A = 0x60;
-static const uint8_t MIFARE_CMD_AUTH_B = 0x61;
-static const uint8_t MIFARE_CMD_HALT = 0x50;
-static const uint8_t MIFARE_CMD_READ = 0x30;
-static const uint8_t MIFARE_CMD_WRITE = 0xA0;
-static const uint8_t MIFARE_CMD_WRITE_ULTRALIGHT = 0xA2;
+static constexpr uint8_t MIFARE_CMD_AUTH_A = 0x60;
+static constexpr uint8_t MIFARE_CMD_AUTH_B = 0x61;
+static constexpr uint8_t MIFARE_CMD_HALT = 0x50;
+static constexpr uint8_t MIFARE_CMD_READ = 0x30;
+static constexpr uint8_t MIFARE_CMD_WRITE = 0xA0;
+static constexpr uint8_t MIFARE_CMD_WRITE_ULTRALIGHT = 0xA2;
 
 // Mifare Ack/Nak
-static const uint8_t MIFARE_CMD_ACK = 0x0A;
-static const uint8_t MIFARE_CMD_NAK_INVALID_XFER_BUFF_VALID = 0x00;
-static const uint8_t MIFARE_CMD_NAK_CRC_ERROR_XFER_BUFF_VALID = 0x01;
-static const uint8_t MIFARE_CMD_NAK_INVALID_XFER_BUFF_INVALID = 0x04;
-static const uint8_t MIFARE_CMD_NAK_CRC_ERROR_XFER_BUFF_INVALID = 0x05;
+static constexpr uint8_t MIFARE_CMD_ACK = 0x0A;
+static constexpr uint8_t MIFARE_CMD_NAK_INVALID_XFER_BUFF_VALID = 0x00;
+static constexpr uint8_t MIFARE_CMD_NAK_CRC_ERROR_XFER_BUFF_VALID = 0x01;
+static constexpr uint8_t MIFARE_CMD_NAK_INVALID_XFER_BUFF_INVALID = 0x04;
+static constexpr uint8_t MIFARE_CMD_NAK_CRC_ERROR_XFER_BUFF_INVALID = 0x05;
 
 static const char *const MIFARE_CLASSIC = "Mifare Classic";
 static const char *const NFC_FORUM_TYPE_2 = "NFC Forum Type 2";
 static const char *const ERROR = "Error";
 
-static const uint8_t DEFAULT_KEY[6] = {0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF};
-static const uint8_t NDEF_KEY[6] = {0xD3, 0xF7, 0xD3, 0xF7, 0xD3, 0xF7};
-static const uint8_t MAD_KEY[6] = {0xA0, 0xA1, 0xA2, 0xA3, 0xA4, 0xA5};
+static constexpr uint8_t DEFAULT_KEY[6] = {0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF};
+static constexpr uint8_t NDEF_KEY[6] = {0xD3, 0xF7, 0xD3, 0xF7, 0xD3, 0xF7};
+static constexpr uint8_t MAD_KEY[6] = {0xA0, 0xA1, 0xA2, 0xA3, 0xA4, 0xA5};
 
 /// Max UID size is 10 bytes, formatted as "XX-XX-XX-XX-XX-XX-XX-XX-XX-XX\0" = 30 chars
 static constexpr size_t FORMAT_UID_BUFFER_SIZE = 30;

From 2f9b76f129c2b278b0c45ba5c66430d638631ee2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2026 21:33:39 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 067/609] [pn7160] Use constexpr for compile-time constants
 (#14078)

---
 esphome/components/pn7150/pn7150.h         | 111 +++++++++----------
 esphome/components/pn7160/pn7160.h         | 121 +++++++++++----------
 esphome/components/pn7160_spi/pn7160_spi.h |   4 +-
 3 files changed, 119 insertions(+), 117 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/pn7150/pn7150.h b/esphome/components/pn7150/pn7150.h
index 5feba17d21..c5dd283832 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn7150/pn7150.h
+++ b/esphome/components/pn7150/pn7150.h
@@ -14,48 +14,48 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace pn7150 {
 
-static const uint16_t NFCC_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = 10;
-static const uint16_t NFCC_INIT_TIMEOUT = 50;
-static const uint16_t NFCC_TAG_WRITE_TIMEOUT = 15;
+static constexpr uint16_t NFCC_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = 10;
+static constexpr uint16_t NFCC_INIT_TIMEOUT = 50;
+static constexpr uint16_t NFCC_TAG_WRITE_TIMEOUT = 15;
 
-static const uint8_t NFCC_MAX_COMM_FAILS = 3;
-static const uint8_t NFCC_MAX_ERROR_COUNT = 10;
+static constexpr uint8_t NFCC_MAX_COMM_FAILS = 3;
+static constexpr uint8_t NFCC_MAX_ERROR_COUNT = 10;
 
-static const uint8_t XCHG_DATA_OID = 0x10;
-static const uint8_t MF_SECTORSEL_OID = 0x32;
-static const uint8_t MFC_AUTHENTICATE_OID = 0x40;
-static const uint8_t TEST_PRBS_OID = 0x30;
-static const uint8_t TEST_ANTENNA_OID = 0x3D;
-static const uint8_t TEST_GET_REGISTER_OID = 0x33;
+static constexpr uint8_t XCHG_DATA_OID = 0x10;
+static constexpr uint8_t MF_SECTORSEL_OID = 0x32;
+static constexpr uint8_t MFC_AUTHENTICATE_OID = 0x40;
+static constexpr uint8_t TEST_PRBS_OID = 0x30;
+static constexpr uint8_t TEST_ANTENNA_OID = 0x3D;
+static constexpr uint8_t TEST_GET_REGISTER_OID = 0x33;
 
-static const uint8_t MFC_AUTHENTICATE_PARAM_KS_A = 0x00;  // key select A
-static const uint8_t MFC_AUTHENTICATE_PARAM_KS_B = 0x80;  // key select B
-static const uint8_t MFC_AUTHENTICATE_PARAM_EMBED_KEY = 0x10;
+static constexpr uint8_t MFC_AUTHENTICATE_PARAM_KS_A = 0x00;  // key select A
+static constexpr uint8_t MFC_AUTHENTICATE_PARAM_KS_B = 0x80;  // key select B
+static constexpr uint8_t MFC_AUTHENTICATE_PARAM_EMBED_KEY = 0x10;
 
-static const uint8_t CARD_EMU_T4T_APP_SELECT[] = {0x00, 0xA4, 0x04, 0x00, 0x07, 0xD2, 0x76,
-                                                  0x00, 0x00, 0x85, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00};
-static const uint8_t CARD_EMU_T4T_CC[] = {0x00, 0x0F, 0x20, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x04,
-                                          0x06, 0xE1, 0x04, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00};
-static const uint8_t CARD_EMU_T4T_CC_SELECT[] = {0x00, 0xA4, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x02, 0xE1, 0x03};
-static const uint8_t CARD_EMU_T4T_NDEF_SELECT[] = {0x00, 0xA4, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x02, 0xE1, 0x04};
-static const uint8_t CARD_EMU_T4T_READ[] = {0x00, 0xB0};
-static const uint8_t CARD_EMU_T4T_WRITE[] = {0x00, 0xD6};
-static const uint8_t CARD_EMU_T4T_OK[] = {0x90, 0x00};
-static const uint8_t CARD_EMU_T4T_NOK[] = {0x6A, 0x82};
+static constexpr uint8_t CARD_EMU_T4T_APP_SELECT[] = {0x00, 0xA4, 0x04, 0x00, 0x07, 0xD2, 0x76,
+                                                      0x00, 0x00, 0x85, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00};
+static constexpr uint8_t CARD_EMU_T4T_CC[] = {0x00, 0x0F, 0x20, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x04,
+                                              0x06, 0xE1, 0x04, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00};
+static constexpr uint8_t CARD_EMU_T4T_CC_SELECT[] = {0x00, 0xA4, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x02, 0xE1, 0x03};
+static constexpr uint8_t CARD_EMU_T4T_NDEF_SELECT[] = {0x00, 0xA4, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x02, 0xE1, 0x04};
+static constexpr uint8_t CARD_EMU_T4T_READ[] = {0x00, 0xB0};
+static constexpr uint8_t CARD_EMU_T4T_WRITE[] = {0x00, 0xD6};
+static constexpr uint8_t CARD_EMU_T4T_OK[] = {0x90, 0x00};
+static constexpr uint8_t CARD_EMU_T4T_NOK[] = {0x6A, 0x82};
 
-static const uint8_t CORE_CONFIG_SOLO[] = {0x01,   // Number of parameter fields
-                                           0x00,   // config param identifier (TOTAL_DURATION)
-                                           0x02,   // length of value
-                                           0x01,   // TOTAL_DURATION (low)...
-                                           0x00};  // TOTAL_DURATION (high): 1 ms
+static constexpr uint8_t CORE_CONFIG_SOLO[] = {0x01,   // Number of parameter fields
+                                               0x00,   // config param identifier (TOTAL_DURATION)
+                                               0x02,   // length of value
+                                               0x01,   // TOTAL_DURATION (low)...
+                                               0x00};  // TOTAL_DURATION (high): 1 ms
 
-static const uint8_t CORE_CONFIG_RW_CE[] = {0x01,   // Number of parameter fields
-                                            0x00,   // config param identifier (TOTAL_DURATION)
-                                            0x02,   // length of value
-                                            0xF8,   // TOTAL_DURATION (low)...
-                                            0x02};  // TOTAL_DURATION (high): 760 ms
+static constexpr uint8_t CORE_CONFIG_RW_CE[] = {0x01,   // Number of parameter fields
+                                                0x00,   // config param identifier (TOTAL_DURATION)
+                                                0x02,   // length of value
+                                                0xF8,   // TOTAL_DURATION (low)...
+                                                0x02};  // TOTAL_DURATION (high): 760 ms
 
-static const uint8_t PMU_CFG[] = {
+static constexpr uint8_t PMU_CFG[] = {
     0x01,        // Number of parameters
     0xA0, 0x0E,  // ext. tag
     3,           // length
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ static const uint8_t PMU_CFG[] = {
     0x01,        // RFU; must be 0x00 for CFG1 and 0x01 for CFG2
 };
 
-static const uint8_t RF_DISCOVER_MAP_CONFIG[] = {  // poll modes
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_DISCOVER_MAP_CONFIG[] = {  // poll modes
     nfc::PROT_T1T,    nfc::RF_DISCOVER_MAP_MODE_POLL,
     nfc::INTF_FRAME,  // poll mode
     nfc::PROT_T2T,    nfc::RF_DISCOVER_MAP_MODE_POLL,
@@ -76,28 +76,29 @@ static const uint8_t RF_DISCOVER_MAP_CONFIG[] = {  // poll modes
     nfc::PROT_MIFARE, nfc::RF_DISCOVER_MAP_MODE_POLL,
     nfc::INTF_TAGCMD};  // poll mode
 
-static const uint8_t RF_DISCOVERY_LISTEN_CONFIG[] = {nfc::MODE_LISTEN_MASK | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCA,   // listen mode
-                                                     nfc::MODE_LISTEN_MASK | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCB,   // listen mode
-                                                     nfc::MODE_LISTEN_MASK | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCF};  // listen mode
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_DISCOVERY_LISTEN_CONFIG[] = {
+    nfc::MODE_LISTEN_MASK | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCA,   // listen mode
+    nfc::MODE_LISTEN_MASK | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCB,   // listen mode
+    nfc::MODE_LISTEN_MASK | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCF};  // listen mode
 
-static const uint8_t RF_DISCOVERY_POLL_CONFIG[] = {nfc::MODE_POLL | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCA,   // poll mode
-                                                   nfc::MODE_POLL | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCB,   // poll mode
-                                                   nfc::MODE_POLL | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCF};  // poll mode
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_DISCOVERY_POLL_CONFIG[] = {nfc::MODE_POLL | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCA,   // poll mode
+                                                       nfc::MODE_POLL | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCB,   // poll mode
+                                                       nfc::MODE_POLL | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCF};  // poll mode
 
-static const uint8_t RF_DISCOVERY_CONFIG[] = {nfc::MODE_POLL | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCA,          // poll mode
-                                              nfc::MODE_POLL | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCB,          // poll mode
-                                              nfc::MODE_POLL | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCF,          // poll mode
-                                              nfc::MODE_LISTEN_MASK | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCA,   // listen mode
-                                              nfc::MODE_LISTEN_MASK | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCB,   // listen mode
-                                              nfc::MODE_LISTEN_MASK | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCF};  // listen mode
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_DISCOVERY_CONFIG[] = {nfc::MODE_POLL | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCA,          // poll mode
+                                                  nfc::MODE_POLL | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCB,          // poll mode
+                                                  nfc::MODE_POLL | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCF,          // poll mode
+                                                  nfc::MODE_LISTEN_MASK | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCA,   // listen mode
+                                                  nfc::MODE_LISTEN_MASK | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCB,   // listen mode
+                                                  nfc::MODE_LISTEN_MASK | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCF};  // listen mode
 
-static const uint8_t RF_LISTEN_MODE_ROUTING_CONFIG[] = {0x00,  // "more" (another message is coming)
-                                                        1,     // number of table entries
-                                                        0x01,  // type = protocol-based
-                                                        3,     // length
-                                                        0,     // DH NFCEE ID, a static ID representing the DH-NFCEE
-                                                        0x01,  // power state
-                                                        nfc::PROT_ISODEP};  // protocol
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_LISTEN_MODE_ROUTING_CONFIG[] = {0x00,  // "more" (another message is coming)
+                                                            1,     // number of table entries
+                                                            0x01,  // type = protocol-based
+                                                            3,     // length
+                                                            0,     // DH NFCEE ID, a static ID representing the DH-NFCEE
+                                                            0x01,  // power state
+                                                            nfc::PROT_ISODEP};  // protocol
 
 enum class CardEmulationState : uint8_t {
   CARD_EMU_IDLE,
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn7160/pn7160.h b/esphome/components/pn7160/pn7160.h
index 9f2d10c2d5..77ab49399c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn7160/pn7160.h
+++ b/esphome/components/pn7160/pn7160.h
@@ -14,48 +14,48 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace pn7160 {
 
-static const uint16_t NFCC_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = 10;
-static const uint16_t NFCC_INIT_TIMEOUT = 50;
-static const uint16_t NFCC_TAG_WRITE_TIMEOUT = 15;
+static constexpr uint16_t NFCC_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = 10;
+static constexpr uint16_t NFCC_INIT_TIMEOUT = 50;
+static constexpr uint16_t NFCC_TAG_WRITE_TIMEOUT = 15;
 
-static const uint8_t NFCC_MAX_COMM_FAILS = 3;
-static const uint8_t NFCC_MAX_ERROR_COUNT = 10;
+static constexpr uint8_t NFCC_MAX_COMM_FAILS = 3;
+static constexpr uint8_t NFCC_MAX_ERROR_COUNT = 10;
 
-static const uint8_t XCHG_DATA_OID = 0x10;
-static const uint8_t MF_SECTORSEL_OID = 0x32;
-static const uint8_t MFC_AUTHENTICATE_OID = 0x40;
-static const uint8_t TEST_PRBS_OID = 0x30;
-static const uint8_t TEST_ANTENNA_OID = 0x3D;
-static const uint8_t TEST_GET_REGISTER_OID = 0x33;
+static constexpr uint8_t XCHG_DATA_OID = 0x10;
+static constexpr uint8_t MF_SECTORSEL_OID = 0x32;
+static constexpr uint8_t MFC_AUTHENTICATE_OID = 0x40;
+static constexpr uint8_t TEST_PRBS_OID = 0x30;
+static constexpr uint8_t TEST_ANTENNA_OID = 0x3D;
+static constexpr uint8_t TEST_GET_REGISTER_OID = 0x33;
 
-static const uint8_t MFC_AUTHENTICATE_PARAM_KS_A = 0x00;  // key select A
-static const uint8_t MFC_AUTHENTICATE_PARAM_KS_B = 0x80;  // key select B
-static const uint8_t MFC_AUTHENTICATE_PARAM_EMBED_KEY = 0x10;
+static constexpr uint8_t MFC_AUTHENTICATE_PARAM_KS_A = 0x00;  // key select A
+static constexpr uint8_t MFC_AUTHENTICATE_PARAM_KS_B = 0x80;  // key select B
+static constexpr uint8_t MFC_AUTHENTICATE_PARAM_EMBED_KEY = 0x10;
 
-static const uint8_t CARD_EMU_T4T_APP_SELECT[] = {0x00, 0xA4, 0x04, 0x00, 0x07, 0xD2, 0x76,
-                                                  0x00, 0x00, 0x85, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00};
-static const uint8_t CARD_EMU_T4T_CC[] = {0x00, 0x0F, 0x20, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x04,
-                                          0x06, 0xE1, 0x04, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00};
-static const uint8_t CARD_EMU_T4T_CC_SELECT[] = {0x00, 0xA4, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x02, 0xE1, 0x03};
-static const uint8_t CARD_EMU_T4T_NDEF_SELECT[] = {0x00, 0xA4, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x02, 0xE1, 0x04};
-static const uint8_t CARD_EMU_T4T_READ[] = {0x00, 0xB0};
-static const uint8_t CARD_EMU_T4T_WRITE[] = {0x00, 0xD6};
-static const uint8_t CARD_EMU_T4T_OK[] = {0x90, 0x00};
-static const uint8_t CARD_EMU_T4T_NOK[] = {0x6A, 0x82};
+static constexpr uint8_t CARD_EMU_T4T_APP_SELECT[] = {0x00, 0xA4, 0x04, 0x00, 0x07, 0xD2, 0x76,
+                                                      0x00, 0x00, 0x85, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00};
+static constexpr uint8_t CARD_EMU_T4T_CC[] = {0x00, 0x0F, 0x20, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x04,
+                                              0x06, 0xE1, 0x04, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00};
+static constexpr uint8_t CARD_EMU_T4T_CC_SELECT[] = {0x00, 0xA4, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x02, 0xE1, 0x03};
+static constexpr uint8_t CARD_EMU_T4T_NDEF_SELECT[] = {0x00, 0xA4, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x02, 0xE1, 0x04};
+static constexpr uint8_t CARD_EMU_T4T_READ[] = {0x00, 0xB0};
+static constexpr uint8_t CARD_EMU_T4T_WRITE[] = {0x00, 0xD6};
+static constexpr uint8_t CARD_EMU_T4T_OK[] = {0x90, 0x00};
+static constexpr uint8_t CARD_EMU_T4T_NOK[] = {0x6A, 0x82};
 
-static const uint8_t CORE_CONFIG_SOLO[] = {0x01,   // Number of parameter fields
-                                           0x00,   // config param identifier (TOTAL_DURATION)
-                                           0x02,   // length of value
-                                           0x01,   // TOTAL_DURATION (low)...
-                                           0x00};  // TOTAL_DURATION (high): 1 ms
+static constexpr uint8_t CORE_CONFIG_SOLO[] = {0x01,   // Number of parameter fields
+                                               0x00,   // config param identifier (TOTAL_DURATION)
+                                               0x02,   // length of value
+                                               0x01,   // TOTAL_DURATION (low)...
+                                               0x00};  // TOTAL_DURATION (high): 1 ms
 
-static const uint8_t CORE_CONFIG_RW_CE[] = {0x01,   // Number of parameter fields
-                                            0x00,   // config param identifier (TOTAL_DURATION)
-                                            0x02,   // length of value
-                                            0xF8,   // TOTAL_DURATION (low)...
-                                            0x02};  // TOTAL_DURATION (high): 760 ms
+static constexpr uint8_t CORE_CONFIG_RW_CE[] = {0x01,   // Number of parameter fields
+                                                0x00,   // config param identifier (TOTAL_DURATION)
+                                                0x02,   // length of value
+                                                0xF8,   // TOTAL_DURATION (low)...
+                                                0x02};  // TOTAL_DURATION (high): 760 ms
 
-static const uint8_t PMU_CFG[] = {
+static constexpr uint8_t PMU_CFG[] = {
     0x01,        // Number of parameters
     0xA0, 0x0E,  // ext. tag
     11,          // length
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ static const uint8_t PMU_CFG[] = {
     0x0C,  // RFU
 };
 
-static const uint8_t RF_DISCOVER_MAP_CONFIG[] = {  // poll modes
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_DISCOVER_MAP_CONFIG[] = {  // poll modes
     nfc::PROT_T1T,    nfc::RF_DISCOVER_MAP_MODE_POLL,
     nfc::INTF_FRAME,  // poll mode
     nfc::PROT_T2T,    nfc::RF_DISCOVER_MAP_MODE_POLL,
@@ -86,33 +86,34 @@ static const uint8_t RF_DISCOVER_MAP_CONFIG[] = {  // poll modes
     nfc::PROT_MIFARE, nfc::RF_DISCOVER_MAP_MODE_POLL,
     nfc::INTF_TAGCMD};  // poll mode
 
-static const uint8_t RF_DISCOVERY_LISTEN_CONFIG[] = {nfc::MODE_LISTEN_MASK | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCA,   // listen mode
-                                                     nfc::MODE_LISTEN_MASK | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCB,   // listen mode
-                                                     nfc::MODE_LISTEN_MASK | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCF};  // listen mode
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_DISCOVERY_LISTEN_CONFIG[] = {
+    nfc::MODE_LISTEN_MASK | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCA,   // listen mode
+    nfc::MODE_LISTEN_MASK | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCB,   // listen mode
+    nfc::MODE_LISTEN_MASK | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCF};  // listen mode
 
-static const uint8_t RF_DISCOVERY_POLL_CONFIG[] = {nfc::MODE_POLL | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCA,   // poll mode
-                                                   nfc::MODE_POLL | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCB,   // poll mode
-                                                   nfc::MODE_POLL | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCF};  // poll mode
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_DISCOVERY_POLL_CONFIG[] = {nfc::MODE_POLL | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCA,   // poll mode
+                                                       nfc::MODE_POLL | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCB,   // poll mode
+                                                       nfc::MODE_POLL | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCF};  // poll mode
 
-static const uint8_t RF_DISCOVERY_CONFIG[] = {nfc::MODE_POLL | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCA,          // poll mode
-                                              nfc::MODE_POLL | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCB,          // poll mode
-                                              nfc::MODE_POLL | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCF,          // poll mode
-                                              nfc::MODE_LISTEN_MASK | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCA,   // listen mode
-                                              nfc::MODE_LISTEN_MASK | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCB,   // listen mode
-                                              nfc::MODE_LISTEN_MASK | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCF};  // listen mode
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_DISCOVERY_CONFIG[] = {nfc::MODE_POLL | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCA,          // poll mode
+                                                  nfc::MODE_POLL | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCB,          // poll mode
+                                                  nfc::MODE_POLL | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCF,          // poll mode
+                                                  nfc::MODE_LISTEN_MASK | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCA,   // listen mode
+                                                  nfc::MODE_LISTEN_MASK | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCB,   // listen mode
+                                                  nfc::MODE_LISTEN_MASK | nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCF};  // listen mode
 
-static const uint8_t RF_LISTEN_MODE_ROUTING_CONFIG[] = {0x00,  // "more" (another message is coming)
-                                                        2,     // number of table entries
-                                                        0x01,  // type = protocol-based
-                                                        3,     // length
-                                                        0,     // DH NFCEE ID, a static ID representing the DH-NFCEE
-                                                        0x07,  // power state
-                                                        nfc::PROT_ISODEP,  // protocol
-                                                        0x00,              // type = technology-based
-                                                        3,                 // length
-                                                        0,     // DH NFCEE ID, a static ID representing the DH-NFCEE
-                                                        0x07,  // power state
-                                                        nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCA};  // technology
+static constexpr uint8_t RF_LISTEN_MODE_ROUTING_CONFIG[] = {0x00,  // "more" (another message is coming)
+                                                            2,     // number of table entries
+                                                            0x01,  // type = protocol-based
+                                                            3,     // length
+                                                            0,     // DH NFCEE ID, a static ID representing the DH-NFCEE
+                                                            0x07,  // power state
+                                                            nfc::PROT_ISODEP,  // protocol
+                                                            0x00,              // type = technology-based
+                                                            3,                 // length
+                                                            0,     // DH NFCEE ID, a static ID representing the DH-NFCEE
+                                                            0x07,  // power state
+                                                            nfc::TECH_PASSIVE_NFCA};  // technology
 
 enum class CardEmulationState : uint8_t {
   CARD_EMU_IDLE,
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn7160_spi/pn7160_spi.h b/esphome/components/pn7160_spi/pn7160_spi.h
index 7d4460a76d..9b6e21fa2a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn7160_spi/pn7160_spi.h
+++ b/esphome/components/pn7160_spi/pn7160_spi.h
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace pn7160_spi {
 
-static const uint8_t TDD_SPI_READ = 0xFF;
-static const uint8_t TDD_SPI_WRITE = 0x0A;
+static constexpr uint8_t TDD_SPI_READ = 0xFF;
+static constexpr uint8_t TDD_SPI_WRITE = 0x0A;
 
 class PN7160Spi : public pn7160::PN7160,
                   public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_LOW, spi::CLOCK_PHASE_LEADING,

From c8598fe6206e4402b07bce9aed2bf4416f5a1859 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2026 21:34:25 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 068/609] [bluetooth_proxy] Use constexpr for remaining
 compile-time constants (#14080)

---
 esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h
index 62a035e79f..85461755aa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h
+++ b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@
 
 namespace esphome::bluetooth_proxy {
 
-static const esp_err_t ESP_GATT_NOT_CONNECTED = -1;
-static const int DONE_SENDING_SERVICES = -2;
-static const int INIT_SENDING_SERVICES = -3;
+static constexpr esp_err_t ESP_GATT_NOT_CONNECTED = -1;
+static constexpr int DONE_SENDING_SERVICES = -2;
+static constexpr int INIT_SENDING_SERVICES = -3;
 
 using namespace esp32_ble_client;
 

From 3c227eeca46d5ca6e99e5e59a9585d0f168642fb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kevin Ahrendt <kevin.ahrendt@openhomefoundation.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2026 21:50:39 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 069/609] [audio] Add support for sinking via an arbitrary
 callback (#14035)

---
 esphome/components/audio/audio_transfer_buffer.cpp |  2 ++
 esphome/components/audio/audio_transfer_buffer.h   | 11 +++++++++++
 2 files changed, 13 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/audio/audio_transfer_buffer.cpp b/esphome/components/audio/audio_transfer_buffer.cpp
index ddb669e0eb..a8be55d62f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio/audio_transfer_buffer.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/audio/audio_transfer_buffer.cpp
@@ -165,6 +165,8 @@ size_t AudioSinkTransferBuffer::transfer_data_to_sink(TickType_t ticks_to_wait,
         if (this->ring_buffer_.use_count() > 0) {
       bytes_written =
           this->ring_buffer_->write_without_replacement((void *) this->data_start_, this->available(), ticks_to_wait);
+    } else if (this->sink_callback_ != nullptr) {
+      bytes_written = this->sink_callback_->audio_sink_write(this->data_start_, this->available(), ticks_to_wait);
     }
 
     this->decrease_buffer_length(bytes_written);
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio/audio_transfer_buffer.h b/esphome/components/audio/audio_transfer_buffer.h
index 24c0670d1a..22c22cc9ae 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio/audio_transfer_buffer.h
+++ b/esphome/components/audio/audio_transfer_buffer.h
@@ -15,6 +15,12 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace audio {
 
+/// @brief Abstract interface for writing decoded audio data to a sink.
+class AudioSinkCallback {
+ public:
+  virtual size_t audio_sink_write(uint8_t *data, size_t length, TickType_t ticks_to_wait) = 0;
+};
+
 class AudioTransferBuffer {
   /*
    * @brief Class that facilitates tranferring data between a buffer and an audio source or sink.
@@ -108,6 +114,10 @@ class AudioSinkTransferBuffer : public AudioTransferBuffer {
   void set_sink(speaker::Speaker *speaker) { this->speaker_ = speaker; }
 #endif
 
+  /// @brief Adds a callback as the transfer buffer's sink.
+  /// @param callback Pointer to the AudioSinkCallback implementation
+  void set_sink(AudioSinkCallback *callback) { this->sink_callback_ = callback; }
+
   void clear_buffered_data() override;
 
   bool has_buffered_data() const override;
@@ -116,6 +126,7 @@ class AudioSinkTransferBuffer : public AudioTransferBuffer {
 #ifdef USE_SPEAKER
   speaker::Speaker *speaker_{nullptr};
 #endif
+  AudioSinkCallback *sink_callback_{nullptr};
 };
 
 class AudioSourceTransferBuffer : public AudioTransferBuffer {

From 264c8faedd0ab956b0437ec2ecc0bacae1708923 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kevin Ahrendt <kevin.ahrendt@openhomefoundation.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2026 21:51:01 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 070/609] [media_player] Add more commands to support Sendspin
 (#12258)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick+github@koston.org>
---
 esphome/components/media_player/__init__.py   | 250 +++++++-----------
 esphome/components/media_player/automation.h  |  27 ++
 .../components/media_player/media_player.cpp  |  52 ++++
 .../components/media_player/media_player.h    |  46 ++--
 tests/components/media_player/common.yaml     |  25 ++
 5 files changed, 232 insertions(+), 168 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/media_player/__init__.py b/esphome/components/media_player/__init__.py
index c6ffe50d79..b2afbe5e58 100644
--- a/esphome/components/media_player/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/media_player/__init__.py
@@ -35,86 +35,73 @@ MEDIA_PLAYER_FORMAT_PURPOSE_ENUM = {
     "announcement": MediaPlayerFormatPurpose.PURPOSE_ANNOUNCEMENT,
 }
 
-
-PlayAction = media_player_ns.class_(
-    "PlayAction", automation.Action, cg.Parented.template(MediaPlayer)
-)
-PlayMediaAction = media_player_ns.class_(
-    "PlayMediaAction", automation.Action, cg.Parented.template(MediaPlayer)
-)
-ToggleAction = media_player_ns.class_(
-    "ToggleAction", automation.Action, cg.Parented.template(MediaPlayer)
-)
-PauseAction = media_player_ns.class_(
-    "PauseAction", automation.Action, cg.Parented.template(MediaPlayer)
-)
-StopAction = media_player_ns.class_(
-    "StopAction", automation.Action, cg.Parented.template(MediaPlayer)
-)
-VolumeUpAction = media_player_ns.class_(
-    "VolumeUpAction", automation.Action, cg.Parented.template(MediaPlayer)
-)
-VolumeDownAction = media_player_ns.class_(
-    "VolumeDownAction", automation.Action, cg.Parented.template(MediaPlayer)
-)
-VolumeSetAction = media_player_ns.class_(
-    "VolumeSetAction", automation.Action, cg.Parented.template(MediaPlayer)
-)
-TurnOnAction = media_player_ns.class_(
-    "TurnOnAction", automation.Action, cg.Parented.template(MediaPlayer)
-)
-TurnOffAction = media_player_ns.class_(
-    "TurnOffAction", automation.Action, cg.Parented.template(MediaPlayer)
-)
-
+# Local config key constants
 CONF_ANNOUNCEMENT = "announcement"
 CONF_ON_PLAY = "on_play"
 CONF_ON_PAUSE = "on_pause"
 CONF_ON_ANNOUNCEMENT = "on_announcement"
 CONF_MEDIA_URL = "media_url"
 
-StateTrigger = media_player_ns.class_("StateTrigger", automation.Trigger.template())
-IdleTrigger = media_player_ns.class_("IdleTrigger", automation.Trigger.template())
-PlayTrigger = media_player_ns.class_("PlayTrigger", automation.Trigger.template())
-PauseTrigger = media_player_ns.class_("PauseTrigger", automation.Trigger.template())
-AnnoucementTrigger = media_player_ns.class_(
-    "AnnouncementTrigger", automation.Trigger.template()
+# Command actions that all share the same schema and codegen handler
+_COMMAND_ACTIONS = [
+    "play",
+    "pause",
+    "stop",
+    "toggle",
+    "volume_up",
+    "volume_down",
+    "turn_on",
+    "turn_off",
+    "next",
+    "previous",
+    "mute",
+    "unmute",
+    "repeat_off",
+    "repeat_one",
+    "repeat_all",
+    "shuffle",
+    "unshuffle",
+    "group_join",
+    "clear_playlist",
+]
+
+# State triggers: (config_key, C++ class name)
+_STATE_TRIGGERS = [
+    (CONF_ON_STATE, "StateTrigger"),
+    (CONF_ON_IDLE, "IdleTrigger"),
+    (CONF_ON_PLAY, "PlayTrigger"),
+    (CONF_ON_PAUSE, "PauseTrigger"),
+    (CONF_ON_ANNOUNCEMENT, "AnnouncementTrigger"),
+    (CONF_ON_TURN_ON, "OnTrigger"),
+    (CONF_ON_TURN_OFF, "OffTrigger"),
+]
+
+# State conditions that all share the same schema and codegen handler
+_STATE_CONDITIONS = [
+    "idle",
+    "paused",
+    "playing",
+    "announcing",
+    "on",
+    "off",
+    "muted",
+]
+
+# Special action classes with custom schemas/handlers
+PlayMediaAction = media_player_ns.class_(
+    "PlayMediaAction", automation.Action, cg.Parented.template(MediaPlayer)
 )
-OnTrigger = media_player_ns.class_("OnTrigger", automation.Trigger.template())
-OffTrigger = media_player_ns.class_("OffTrigger", automation.Trigger.template())
-IsIdleCondition = media_player_ns.class_("IsIdleCondition", automation.Condition)
-IsPausedCondition = media_player_ns.class_("IsPausedCondition", automation.Condition)
-IsPlayingCondition = media_player_ns.class_("IsPlayingCondition", automation.Condition)
-IsAnnouncingCondition = media_player_ns.class_(
-    "IsAnnouncingCondition", automation.Condition
+VolumeSetAction = media_player_ns.class_(
+    "VolumeSetAction", automation.Action, cg.Parented.template(MediaPlayer)
 )
-IsOnCondition = media_player_ns.class_("IsOnCondition", automation.Condition)
-IsOffCondition = media_player_ns.class_("IsOffCondition", automation.Condition)
 
 
 async def setup_media_player_core_(var, config):
     await setup_entity(var, config, "media_player")
-    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_STATE, []):
-        trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
-        await automation.build_automation(trigger, [], conf)
-    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_IDLE, []):
-        trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
-        await automation.build_automation(trigger, [], conf)
-    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_PLAY, []):
-        trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
-        await automation.build_automation(trigger, [], conf)
-    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_PAUSE, []):
-        trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
-        await automation.build_automation(trigger, [], conf)
-    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_ANNOUNCEMENT, []):
-        trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
-        await automation.build_automation(trigger, [], conf)
-    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_TURN_ON, []):
-        trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
-        await automation.build_automation(trigger, [], conf)
-    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_TURN_OFF, []):
-        trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
-        await automation.build_automation(trigger, [], conf)
+    for conf_key, _ in _STATE_TRIGGERS:
+        for conf in config.get(conf_key, []):
+            trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
+            await automation.build_automation(trigger, [], conf)
 
 
 async def register_media_player(var, config):
@@ -133,41 +120,14 @@ async def new_media_player(config, *args):
 
 _MEDIA_PLAYER_SCHEMA = cv.ENTITY_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(
     {
-        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_STATE): automation.validate_automation(
+        cv.Optional(conf_key): automation.validate_automation(
             {
-                cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(StateTrigger),
+                cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(
+                    media_player_ns.class_(class_name, automation.Trigger.template())
+                ),
             }
-        ),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_IDLE): automation.validate_automation(
-            {
-                cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(IdleTrigger),
-            }
-        ),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_PLAY): automation.validate_automation(
-            {
-                cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(PlayTrigger),
-            }
-        ),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_PAUSE): automation.validate_automation(
-            {
-                cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(PauseTrigger),
-            }
-        ),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_ANNOUNCEMENT): automation.validate_automation(
-            {
-                cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(AnnoucementTrigger),
-            }
-        ),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_TURN_ON): automation.validate_automation(
-            {
-                cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(OnTrigger),
-            }
-        ),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_TURN_OFF): automation.validate_automation(
-            {
-                cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(OffTrigger),
-            }
-        ),
+        )
+        for conf_key, class_name in _STATE_TRIGGERS
     }
 )
 
@@ -228,56 +188,48 @@ async def media_player_play_media_action(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     return var
 
 
-@automation.register_action("media_player.play", PlayAction, MEDIA_PLAYER_ACTION_SCHEMA)
-@automation.register_action(
-    "media_player.toggle", ToggleAction, MEDIA_PLAYER_ACTION_SCHEMA
-)
-@automation.register_action(
-    "media_player.pause", PauseAction, MEDIA_PLAYER_ACTION_SCHEMA
-)
-@automation.register_action("media_player.stop", StopAction, MEDIA_PLAYER_ACTION_SCHEMA)
-@automation.register_action(
-    "media_player.volume_up", VolumeUpAction, MEDIA_PLAYER_ACTION_SCHEMA
-)
-@automation.register_action(
-    "media_player.volume_down", VolumeDownAction, MEDIA_PLAYER_ACTION_SCHEMA
-)
-@automation.register_action(
-    "media_player.turn_on", TurnOnAction, MEDIA_PLAYER_ACTION_SCHEMA
-)
-@automation.register_action(
-    "media_player.turn_off", TurnOffAction, MEDIA_PLAYER_ACTION_SCHEMA
-)
-async def media_player_action(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
-    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
-    announcement = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_ANNOUNCEMENT], args, cg.bool_)
-    cg.add(var.set_announcement(announcement))
-    return var
+def _snake_to_camel(name):
+    return "".join(word.capitalize() for word in name.split("_"))
 
 
-@automation.register_condition(
-    "media_player.is_idle", IsIdleCondition, MEDIA_PLAYER_CONDITION_SCHEMA
-)
-@automation.register_condition(
-    "media_player.is_paused", IsPausedCondition, MEDIA_PLAYER_CONDITION_SCHEMA
-)
-@automation.register_condition(
-    "media_player.is_playing", IsPlayingCondition, MEDIA_PLAYER_CONDITION_SCHEMA
-)
-@automation.register_condition(
-    "media_player.is_announcing", IsAnnouncingCondition, MEDIA_PLAYER_CONDITION_SCHEMA
-)
-@automation.register_condition(
-    "media_player.is_on", IsOnCondition, MEDIA_PLAYER_CONDITION_SCHEMA
-)
-@automation.register_condition(
-    "media_player.is_off", IsOffCondition, MEDIA_PLAYER_CONDITION_SCHEMA
-)
-async def media_player_condition(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
-    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
-    return var
+def _register_command_actions():
+    async def handler(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+        var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+        await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
+        announcement = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_ANNOUNCEMENT], args, cg.bool_)
+        cg.add(var.set_announcement(announcement))
+        return var
+
+    for action_name in _COMMAND_ACTIONS:
+        class_name = f"{_snake_to_camel(action_name)}Action"
+        action_class = media_player_ns.class_(
+            class_name, automation.Action, cg.Parented.template(MediaPlayer)
+        )
+        automation.register_action(
+            f"media_player.{action_name}", action_class, MEDIA_PLAYER_ACTION_SCHEMA
+        )(handler)
+
+
+_register_command_actions()
+
+
+def _register_state_conditions():
+    async def handler(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+        var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+        await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
+        return var
+
+    for condition_name in _STATE_CONDITIONS:
+        class_name = f"Is{_snake_to_camel(condition_name)}Condition"
+        condition_class = media_player_ns.class_(class_name, automation.Condition)
+        automation.register_condition(
+            f"media_player.is_{condition_name}",
+            condition_class,
+            MEDIA_PLAYER_CONDITION_SCHEMA,
+        )(handler)
+
+
+_register_state_conditions()
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
diff --git a/esphome/components/media_player/automation.h b/esphome/components/media_player/automation.h
index 50e7693cb5..90e7bf75b5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/media_player/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/components/media_player/automation.h
@@ -32,6 +32,28 @@ template<typename... Ts>
 using TurnOnAction = MediaPlayerCommandAction<MediaPlayerCommand::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_TURN_ON, Ts...>;
 template<typename... Ts>
 using TurnOffAction = MediaPlayerCommandAction<MediaPlayerCommand::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_TURN_OFF, Ts...>;
+template<typename... Ts>
+using NextAction = MediaPlayerCommandAction<MediaPlayerCommand::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_NEXT, Ts...>;
+template<typename... Ts>
+using PreviousAction = MediaPlayerCommandAction<MediaPlayerCommand::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_PREVIOUS, Ts...>;
+template<typename... Ts>
+using MuteAction = MediaPlayerCommandAction<MediaPlayerCommand::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_MUTE, Ts...>;
+template<typename... Ts>
+using UnmuteAction = MediaPlayerCommandAction<MediaPlayerCommand::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_UNMUTE, Ts...>;
+template<typename... Ts>
+using RepeatOffAction = MediaPlayerCommandAction<MediaPlayerCommand::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_REPEAT_OFF, Ts...>;
+template<typename... Ts>
+using RepeatOneAction = MediaPlayerCommandAction<MediaPlayerCommand::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_REPEAT_ONE, Ts...>;
+template<typename... Ts>
+using RepeatAllAction = MediaPlayerCommandAction<MediaPlayerCommand::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_REPEAT_ALL, Ts...>;
+template<typename... Ts>
+using ShuffleAction = MediaPlayerCommandAction<MediaPlayerCommand::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_SHUFFLE, Ts...>;
+template<typename... Ts>
+using UnshuffleAction = MediaPlayerCommandAction<MediaPlayerCommand::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_UNSHUFFLE, Ts...>;
+template<typename... Ts>
+using GroupJoinAction = MediaPlayerCommandAction<MediaPlayerCommand::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_GROUP_JOIN, Ts...>;
+template<typename... Ts>
+using ClearPlaylistAction = MediaPlayerCommandAction<MediaPlayerCommand::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_CLEAR_PLAYLIST, Ts...>;
 
 template<typename... Ts> class PlayMediaAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<MediaPlayer> {
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::string, media_url)
@@ -105,5 +127,10 @@ template<typename... Ts> class IsOffCondition : public Condition<Ts...>, public
   bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->parent_->state == MediaPlayerState::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_OFF; }
 };
 
+template<typename... Ts> class IsMutedCondition : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<MediaPlayer> {
+ public:
+  bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->parent_->is_muted(); }
+};
+
 }  // namespace media_player
 }  // namespace esphome
diff --git a/esphome/components/media_player/media_player.cpp b/esphome/components/media_player/media_player.cpp
index 17d9b054da..a53d598b0f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/media_player/media_player.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/media_player/media_player.cpp
@@ -60,11 +60,39 @@ const char *media_player_command_to_string(MediaPlayerCommand command) {
       return "TURN_ON";
     case MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_TURN_OFF:
       return "TURN_OFF";
+    case MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_NEXT:
+      return "NEXT";
+    case MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_PREVIOUS:
+      return "PREVIOUS";
+    case MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_REPEAT_ALL:
+      return "REPEAT_ALL";
+    case MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_SHUFFLE:
+      return "SHUFFLE";
+    case MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_UNSHUFFLE:
+      return "UNSHUFFLE";
+    case MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_GROUP_JOIN:
+      return "GROUP_JOIN";
     default:
       return "UNKNOWN";
   }
 }
 
+void MediaPlayerTraits::set_supports_pause(bool supports_pause) {
+  if (supports_pause) {
+    this->feature_flags_ |= MediaPlayerEntityFeature::PAUSE | MediaPlayerEntityFeature::PLAY;
+  } else {
+    this->feature_flags_ &= ~(MediaPlayerEntityFeature::PAUSE | MediaPlayerEntityFeature::PLAY);
+  }
+}
+
+void MediaPlayerTraits::set_supports_turn_off_on(bool supports_turn_off_on) {
+  if (supports_turn_off_on) {
+    this->feature_flags_ |= MediaPlayerEntityFeature::TURN_OFF | MediaPlayerEntityFeature::TURN_ON;
+  } else {
+    this->feature_flags_ &= ~(MediaPlayerEntityFeature::TURN_OFF | MediaPlayerEntityFeature::TURN_ON);
+  }
+}
+
 void MediaPlayerCall::validate_() {
   if (this->media_url_.has_value()) {
     if (this->command_.has_value() && this->command_.value() != MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_ENQUEUE) {
@@ -125,6 +153,30 @@ MediaPlayerCall &MediaPlayerCall::set_command(const char *command) {
     this->set_command(MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_TURN_ON);
   } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(command, ESPHOME_PSTR("TURN_OFF")) == 0) {
     this->set_command(MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_TURN_OFF);
+  } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(command, ESPHOME_PSTR("VOLUME_UP")) == 0) {
+    this->set_command(MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_VOLUME_UP);
+  } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(command, ESPHOME_PSTR("VOLUME_DOWN")) == 0) {
+    this->set_command(MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_VOLUME_DOWN);
+  } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(command, ESPHOME_PSTR("ENQUEUE")) == 0) {
+    this->set_command(MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_ENQUEUE);
+  } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(command, ESPHOME_PSTR("REPEAT_ONE")) == 0) {
+    this->set_command(MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_REPEAT_ONE);
+  } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(command, ESPHOME_PSTR("REPEAT_OFF")) == 0) {
+    this->set_command(MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_REPEAT_OFF);
+  } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(command, ESPHOME_PSTR("REPEAT_ALL")) == 0) {
+    this->set_command(MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_REPEAT_ALL);
+  } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(command, ESPHOME_PSTR("CLEAR_PLAYLIST")) == 0) {
+    this->set_command(MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_CLEAR_PLAYLIST);
+  } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(command, ESPHOME_PSTR("NEXT")) == 0) {
+    this->set_command(MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_NEXT);
+  } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(command, ESPHOME_PSTR("PREVIOUS")) == 0) {
+    this->set_command(MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_PREVIOUS);
+  } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(command, ESPHOME_PSTR("SHUFFLE")) == 0) {
+    this->set_command(MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_SHUFFLE);
+  } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(command, ESPHOME_PSTR("UNSHUFFLE")) == 0) {
+    this->set_command(MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_UNSHUFFLE);
+  } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(command, ESPHOME_PSTR("GROUP_JOIN")) == 0) {
+    this->set_command(MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_GROUP_JOIN);
   } else {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - Unrecognized command %s", this->parent_->get_name().c_str(), command);
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/media_player/media_player.h b/esphome/components/media_player/media_player.h
index f75a68dd85..3509747718 100644
--- a/esphome/components/media_player/media_player.h
+++ b/esphome/components/media_player/media_player.h
@@ -58,6 +58,12 @@ enum MediaPlayerCommand : uint8_t {
   MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_CLEAR_PLAYLIST = 11,
   MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_TURN_ON = 12,
   MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_TURN_OFF = 13,
+  MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_NEXT = 14,
+  MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_PREVIOUS = 15,
+  MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_REPEAT_ALL = 16,
+  MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_SHUFFLE = 17,
+  MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_UNSHUFFLE = 18,
+  MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_GROUP_JOIN = 19,
 };
 const char *media_player_command_to_string(MediaPlayerCommand command);
 
@@ -74,38 +80,40 @@ struct MediaPlayerSupportedFormat {
   uint32_t sample_bytes;
 };
 
+// Base features always reported for all media players
+static constexpr uint32_t BASE_MEDIA_PLAYER_FEATURES =
+    MediaPlayerEntityFeature::PLAY_MEDIA | MediaPlayerEntityFeature::BROWSE_MEDIA | MediaPlayerEntityFeature::STOP |
+    MediaPlayerEntityFeature::VOLUME_SET | MediaPlayerEntityFeature::VOLUME_MUTE |
+    MediaPlayerEntityFeature::MEDIA_ANNOUNCE;
+
 class MediaPlayer;
 
 class MediaPlayerTraits {
  public:
   MediaPlayerTraits() = default;
 
-  void set_supports_pause(bool supports_pause) { this->supports_pause_ = supports_pause; }
-  bool get_supports_pause() const { return this->supports_pause_; }
-
-  void set_supports_turn_off_on(bool supports_turn_off_on) { this->supports_turn_off_on_ = supports_turn_off_on; }
-  bool get_supports_turn_off_on() const { return this->supports_turn_off_on_; }
+  uint32_t get_feature_flags() const { return this->feature_flags_; }
+  void add_feature_flags(uint32_t feature_flags) { this->feature_flags_ |= feature_flags; }
+  void clear_feature_flags(uint32_t feature_flags) { this->feature_flags_ &= ~feature_flags; }
+  // Returns true only if all specified flags are set
+  bool has_feature_flags(uint32_t feature_flags) const {
+    return (this->feature_flags_ & feature_flags) == feature_flags;
+  }
 
   std::vector<MediaPlayerSupportedFormat> &get_supported_formats() { return this->supported_formats_; }
 
-  uint32_t get_feature_flags() const {
-    uint32_t flags = 0;
-    flags |= MediaPlayerEntityFeature::PLAY_MEDIA | MediaPlayerEntityFeature::BROWSE_MEDIA |
-             MediaPlayerEntityFeature::STOP | MediaPlayerEntityFeature::VOLUME_SET |
-             MediaPlayerEntityFeature::VOLUME_MUTE | MediaPlayerEntityFeature::MEDIA_ANNOUNCE;
-    if (this->get_supports_pause()) {
-      flags |= MediaPlayerEntityFeature::PAUSE | MediaPlayerEntityFeature::PLAY;
-    }
-    if (this->get_supports_turn_off_on()) {
-      flags |= MediaPlayerEntityFeature::TURN_OFF | MediaPlayerEntityFeature::TURN_ON;
-    }
-    return flags;
+  // Legacy setters/getters are kept for backward compatibility
+  void set_supports_pause(bool supports_pause);
+  bool get_supports_pause() const { return this->has_feature_flags(MediaPlayerEntityFeature::PAUSE); }
+
+  void set_supports_turn_off_on(bool supports_turn_off_on);
+  bool get_supports_turn_off_on() const {
+    return this->has_feature_flags(MediaPlayerEntityFeature::TURN_ON | MediaPlayerEntityFeature::TURN_OFF);
   }
 
  protected:
   std::vector<MediaPlayerSupportedFormat> supported_formats_{};
-  bool supports_pause_{false};
-  bool supports_turn_off_on_{false};
+  uint32_t feature_flags_{BASE_MEDIA_PLAYER_FEATURES};
 };
 
 class MediaPlayerCall {
diff --git a/tests/components/media_player/common.yaml b/tests/components/media_player/common.yaml
index 763bc231c0..c83ee89ad4 100644
--- a/tests/components/media_player/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/media_player/common.yaml
@@ -23,8 +23,27 @@ media_player:
       - media_player.stop:
       - media_player.stop:
           announcement: true
+    on_announcement:
+      - media_player.play:
+    on_turn_on:
+      - media_player.play:
+    on_turn_off:
+      - media_player.stop:
     on_pause:
       - media_player.toggle:
+      - media_player.turn_on:
+      - media_player.turn_off:
+      - media_player.next:
+      - media_player.previous:
+      - media_player.mute:
+      - media_player.unmute:
+      - media_player.repeat_off:
+      - media_player.repeat_one:
+      - media_player.repeat_all:
+      - media_player.shuffle:
+      - media_player.unshuffle:
+      - media_player.group_join:
+      - media_player.clear_playlist:
       - wait_until:
           media_player.is_idle:
       - wait_until:
@@ -33,6 +52,12 @@ media_player:
           media_player.is_announcing:
       - wait_until:
           media_player.is_paused:
+      - wait_until:
+          media_player.is_on:
+      - wait_until:
+          media_player.is_off:
+      - wait_until:
+          media_player.is_muted:
       - media_player.volume_up:
       - media_player.volume_down:
       - media_player.volume_set: 50%

From ba7134ee3f870ce00d2990d84b142b734028330f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kevin Ahrendt <kevin.ahrendt@openhomefoundation.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2026 21:51:16 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 071/609] [mdns] add Sendspin advertisement support (#14013)

Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@home-assistant.io>
---
 esphome/components/mdns/__init__.py        |  2 +-
 esphome/components/mdns/mdns_component.cpp | 19 ++++++++++++++++++-
 esphome/core/defines.h                     |  2 ++
 3 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/mdns/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mdns/__init__.py
index 3088d8ad7e..f87f929615 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mdns/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mdns/__init__.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ DEPENDENCIES = ["network"]
 # Components that create mDNS services at runtime
 # IMPORTANT: If you add a new component here, you must also update the corresponding
 # #ifdef blocks in mdns_component.cpp compile_records_() method
-COMPONENTS_WITH_MDNS_SERVICES = ("api", "prometheus", "web_server")
+COMPONENTS_WITH_MDNS_SERVICES = ("api", "prometheus", "sendspin", "web_server")
 
 mdns_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("mdns")
 MDNSComponent = mdns_ns.class_("MDNSComponent", cg.Component)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_component.cpp b/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_component.cpp
index 47db92610a..5e5e1279d9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_component.cpp
@@ -29,6 +29,10 @@ static const char *const TAG = "mdns";
 #define USE_WEBSERVER_PORT 80  // NOLINT
 #endif
 
+#ifndef USE_SENDSPIN_PORT
+#define USE_SENDSPIN_PORT 8928  // NOLINT
+#endif
+
 // Define all constant strings using the macro
 MDNS_STATIC_CONST_CHAR(SERVICE_TCP, "_tcp");
 
@@ -150,6 +154,18 @@ void MDNSComponent::compile_records_(StaticVector<MDNSService, MDNS_SERVICE_COUN
   prom_service.port = USE_WEBSERVER_PORT;
 #endif
 
+#ifdef USE_SENDSPIN
+  MDNS_STATIC_CONST_CHAR(SERVICE_SENDSPIN, "_sendspin");
+  MDNS_STATIC_CONST_CHAR(TXT_SENDSPIN_PATH, "path");
+  MDNS_STATIC_CONST_CHAR(VALUE_SENDSPIN_PATH, "/sendspin");
+
+  auto &sendspin_service = services.emplace_next();
+  sendspin_service.service_type = MDNS_STR(SERVICE_SENDSPIN);
+  sendspin_service.proto = MDNS_STR(SERVICE_TCP);
+  sendspin_service.port = USE_SENDSPIN_PORT;
+  sendspin_service.txt_records = {{MDNS_STR(TXT_SENDSPIN_PATH), MDNS_STR(VALUE_SENDSPIN_PATH)}};
+#endif
+
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER
   MDNS_STATIC_CONST_CHAR(SERVICE_HTTP, "_http");
 
@@ -159,7 +175,8 @@ void MDNSComponent::compile_records_(StaticVector<MDNSService, MDNS_SERVICE_COUN
   web_service.port = USE_WEBSERVER_PORT;
 #endif
 
-#if !defined(USE_API) && !defined(USE_PROMETHEUS) && !defined(USE_WEBSERVER) && !defined(USE_MDNS_EXTRA_SERVICES)
+#if !defined(USE_API) && !defined(USE_PROMETHEUS) && !defined(USE_SENDSPIN) && !defined(USE_WEBSERVER) && \
+    !defined(USE_MDNS_EXTRA_SERVICES)
   MDNS_STATIC_CONST_CHAR(SERVICE_HTTP, "_http");
   MDNS_STATIC_CONST_CHAR(TXT_VERSION, "version");
 
diff --git a/esphome/core/defines.h b/esphome/core/defines.h
index bcafcb4c60..a70c6cd0d0 100644
--- a/esphome/core/defines.h
+++ b/esphome/core/defines.h
@@ -210,6 +210,8 @@
 #define USE_ESP32_IMPROV_NEXT_URL
 #define USE_MICROPHONE
 #define USE_PSRAM
+#define USE_SENDSPIN
+#define USE_SENDSPIN_PORT 8928  // NOLINT
 #define USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS
 #define USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
 #define USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE

From eefad194d06241f0594d1ae97a18c6cad618863a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kevin Ahrendt <kevin.ahrendt@openhomefoundation.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 2026 21:51:33 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 072/609] [audio, speaker] Add support for decoding Ogg Opus
 files (#13967)

---
 esphome/components/audio/__init__.py          | 42 ++++++++++
 esphome/components/audio/audio.cpp            |  4 +
 esphome/components/audio/audio.h              |  3 +
 esphome/components/audio/audio_decoder.cpp    | 60 +++++++++++++-
 esphome/components/audio/audio_decoder.h      | 15 +++-
 esphome/components/audio/audio_reader.cpp     | 13 +++
 .../speaker/media_player/__init__.py          | 82 ++++++++++++++++---
 .../speaker/media_player/audio_pipeline.cpp   | 10 +++
 esphome/core/defines.h                        |  1 +
 esphome/idf_component.yml                     |  2 +
 .../speaker/audio_dac.esp32-ard.yaml          | 10 ---
 .../speaker/common-media_player.yaml          |  7 ++
 .../speaker/media_player.esp32-s3-idf.yaml    |  9 --
 ...idf.yaml => test-audio_dac.esp32-idf.yaml} |  0
 ....yaml => test-media_player.esp32-idf.yaml} |  0
 tests/components/speaker/test.esp32-ard.yaml  | 10 ---
 16 files changed, 222 insertions(+), 46 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 tests/components/speaker/audio_dac.esp32-ard.yaml
 delete mode 100644 tests/components/speaker/media_player.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
 rename tests/components/speaker/{audio_dac.esp32-idf.yaml => test-audio_dac.esp32-idf.yaml} (100%)
 rename tests/components/speaker/{media_player.esp32-idf.yaml => test-media_player.esp32-idf.yaml} (100%)
 delete mode 100644 tests/components/speaker/test.esp32-ard.yaml

diff --git a/esphome/components/audio/__init__.py b/esphome/components/audio/__init__.py
index f48b776ddd..d8d426ec63 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/audio/__init__.py
@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.esp32 import add_idf_component, include_builtin_idf_component
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_BITS_PER_SAMPLE, CONF_NUM_CHANNELS, CONF_SAMPLE_RATE
+from esphome.core import CORE
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kahrendt"]
+DOMAIN = "audio"
 audio_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("audio")
 
 AudioFile = audio_ns.struct("AudioFile")
@@ -14,9 +18,38 @@ AUDIO_FILE_TYPE_ENUM = {
     "WAV": AudioFileType.WAV,
     "MP3": AudioFileType.MP3,
     "FLAC": AudioFileType.FLAC,
+    "OPUS": AudioFileType.OPUS,
 }
 
 
+@dataclass
+class AudioData:
+    flac_support: bool = False
+    mp3_support: bool = False
+    opus_support: bool = False
+
+
+def _get_data() -> AudioData:
+    if DOMAIN not in CORE.data:
+        CORE.data[DOMAIN] = AudioData()
+    return CORE.data[DOMAIN]
+
+
+def request_flac_support() -> None:
+    """Request FLAC codec support for audio decoding."""
+    _get_data().flac_support = True
+
+
+def request_mp3_support() -> None:
+    """Request MP3 codec support for audio decoding."""
+    _get_data().mp3_support = True
+
+
+def request_opus_support() -> None:
+    """Request Opus codec support for audio decoding."""
+    _get_data().opus_support = True
+
+
 CONF_MIN_BITS_PER_SAMPLE = "min_bits_per_sample"
 CONF_MAX_BITS_PER_SAMPLE = "max_bits_per_sample"
 CONF_MIN_CHANNELS = "min_channels"
@@ -173,3 +206,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
         name="esphome/esp-audio-libs",
         ref="2.0.3",
     )
+
+    data = _get_data()
+    if data.flac_support:
+        cg.add_define("USE_AUDIO_FLAC_SUPPORT")
+    if data.mp3_support:
+        cg.add_define("USE_AUDIO_MP3_SUPPORT")
+    if data.opus_support:
+        cg.add_define("USE_AUDIO_OPUS_SUPPORT")
+        add_idf_component(name="esphome/micro-opus", ref="0.3.3")
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio/audio.cpp b/esphome/components/audio/audio.cpp
index 9cc9b7d0da..40592f6107 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio/audio.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/audio/audio.cpp
@@ -46,6 +46,10 @@ const char *audio_file_type_to_string(AudioFileType file_type) {
 #ifdef USE_AUDIO_MP3_SUPPORT
     case AudioFileType::MP3:
       return "MP3";
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_OPUS_SUPPORT
+    case AudioFileType::OPUS:
+      return "OPUS";
 #endif
     case AudioFileType::WAV:
       return "WAV";
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio/audio.h b/esphome/components/audio/audio.h
index e01d7eb101..7d7db9e944 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio/audio.h
+++ b/esphome/components/audio/audio.h
@@ -112,6 +112,9 @@ enum class AudioFileType : uint8_t {
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_AUDIO_MP3_SUPPORT
   MP3,
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_OPUS_SUPPORT
+  OPUS,
 #endif
   WAV,
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio/audio_decoder.cpp b/esphome/components/audio/audio_decoder.cpp
index 8f514468c4..ee6d7d0a15 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio/audio_decoder.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/audio/audio_decoder.cpp
@@ -3,10 +3,13 @@
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace audio {
 
+static const char *const TAG = "audio.decoder";
+
 static const uint32_t DECODING_TIMEOUT_MS = 50;    // The decode function will yield after this duration
 static const uint32_t READ_WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS = 20;  // Timeout for transferring audio data
 
@@ -79,6 +82,14 @@ esp_err_t AudioDecoder::start(AudioFileType audio_file_type) {
       // Always reallocate the output transfer buffer to the smallest necessary size
       this->output_transfer_buffer_->reallocate(this->free_buffer_required_);
       break;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_OPUS_SUPPORT
+    case AudioFileType::OPUS:
+      this->opus_decoder_ = make_unique<micro_opus::OggOpusDecoder>();
+      this->free_buffer_required_ =
+          this->output_transfer_buffer_->capacity();  // Adjusted and reallocated after reading the header
+      this->decoder_buffers_internally_ = true;
+      break;
 #endif
     case AudioFileType::WAV:
       this->wav_decoder_ = make_unique<esp_audio_libs::wav_decoder::WAVDecoder>();
@@ -158,8 +169,9 @@ AudioDecoderState AudioDecoder::decode(bool stop_gracefully) {
     // Decode more audio
 
     // Only shift data on the first loop iteration to avoid unnecessary, slow moves
-    size_t bytes_read = this->input_transfer_buffer_->transfer_data_from_source(pdMS_TO_TICKS(READ_WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS),
-                                                                                first_loop_iteration);
+    // If the decoder buffers internally, then never shift
+    size_t bytes_read = this->input_transfer_buffer_->transfer_data_from_source(
+        pdMS_TO_TICKS(READ_WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS), first_loop_iteration && !this->decoder_buffers_internally_);
 
     if (!first_loop_iteration && (this->input_transfer_buffer_->available() < bytes_processed)) {
       // Less data is available than what was processed in last iteration, so don't attempt to decode.
@@ -195,6 +207,11 @@ AudioDecoderState AudioDecoder::decode(bool stop_gracefully) {
         case AudioFileType::MP3:
           state = this->decode_mp3_();
           break;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_OPUS_SUPPORT
+        case AudioFileType::OPUS:
+          state = this->decode_opus_();
+          break;
 #endif
         case AudioFileType::WAV:
           state = this->decode_wav_();
@@ -339,6 +356,45 @@ FileDecoderState AudioDecoder::decode_mp3_() {
 }
 #endif
 
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_OPUS_SUPPORT
+FileDecoderState AudioDecoder::decode_opus_() {
+  bool processed_header = this->opus_decoder_->is_initialized();
+
+  size_t bytes_consumed, samples_decoded;
+
+  micro_opus::OggOpusResult result = this->opus_decoder_->decode(
+      this->input_transfer_buffer_->get_buffer_start(), this->input_transfer_buffer_->available(),
+      this->output_transfer_buffer_->get_buffer_end(), this->output_transfer_buffer_->free(), bytes_consumed,
+      samples_decoded);
+
+  if (result == micro_opus::OGG_OPUS_OK) {
+    if (!processed_header && this->opus_decoder_->is_initialized()) {
+      // Header processed and stream info is available
+      this->audio_stream_info_ =
+          audio::AudioStreamInfo(this->opus_decoder_->get_bit_depth(), this->opus_decoder_->get_channels(),
+                                 this->opus_decoder_->get_sample_rate());
+    }
+    if (samples_decoded > 0 && this->audio_stream_info_.has_value()) {
+      // Some audio was processed
+      this->output_transfer_buffer_->increase_buffer_length(
+          this->audio_stream_info_.value().frames_to_bytes(samples_decoded));
+    }
+    this->input_transfer_buffer_->decrease_buffer_length(bytes_consumed);
+  } else if (result == micro_opus::OGG_OPUS_OUTPUT_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL) {
+    // Reallocate to decode the packet on the next call
+    this->free_buffer_required_ = this->opus_decoder_->get_required_output_buffer_size();
+    if (!this->output_transfer_buffer_->reallocate(this->free_buffer_required_)) {
+      // Couldn't reallocate output buffer
+      return FileDecoderState::FAILED;
+    }
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Opus decoder failed: %" PRId8, result);
+    return FileDecoderState::POTENTIALLY_FAILED;
+  }
+  return FileDecoderState::MORE_TO_PROCESS;
+}
+#endif
+
 FileDecoderState AudioDecoder::decode_wav_() {
   if (!this->audio_stream_info_.has_value()) {
     // Header hasn't been processed
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio/audio_decoder.h b/esphome/components/audio/audio_decoder.h
index 2ca1d623fe..cad16110ae 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio/audio_decoder.h
+++ b/esphome/components/audio/audio_decoder.h
@@ -24,6 +24,11 @@
 #endif
 #include <wav_decoder.h>
 
+// micro-opus
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_OPUS_SUPPORT
+#include <micro_opus/ogg_opus_decoder.h>
+#endif
+
 namespace esphome {
 namespace audio {
 
@@ -47,7 +52,7 @@ class AudioDecoder {
    * @brief Class that facilitates decoding an audio file.
    * The audio file is read from a ring buffer source, decoded, and sent to an audio sink (ring buffer or speaker
    * component).
-   * Supports wav, flac, and mp3 formats.
+   * Supports wav, flac, mp3, and ogg opus formats.
    */
  public:
   /// @brief Allocates the input and output transfer buffers
@@ -55,7 +60,7 @@ class AudioDecoder {
   /// @param output_buffer_size Size of the output transfer buffer in bytes.
   AudioDecoder(size_t input_buffer_size, size_t output_buffer_size);
 
-  /// @brief Deallocates the MP3 decoder (the flac and wav decoders are deallocated automatically)
+  /// @brief Deallocates the MP3 decoder (the flac, opus, and wav decoders are deallocated automatically)
   ~AudioDecoder();
 
   /// @brief Adds a source ring buffer for raw file data. Takes ownership of the ring buffer in a shared_ptr.
@@ -108,6 +113,10 @@ class AudioDecoder {
 #ifdef USE_AUDIO_MP3_SUPPORT
   FileDecoderState decode_mp3_();
   esp_audio_libs::helix_decoder::HMP3Decoder mp3_decoder_;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_OPUS_SUPPORT
+  FileDecoderState decode_opus_();
+  std::unique_ptr<micro_opus::OggOpusDecoder> opus_decoder_;
 #endif
   FileDecoderState decode_wav_();
 
@@ -124,6 +133,8 @@ class AudioDecoder {
   bool end_of_file_{false};
   bool wav_has_known_end_{false};
 
+  bool decoder_buffers_internally_{false};
+
   bool pause_output_{false};
 
   uint32_t accumulated_frames_written_{0};
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio/audio_reader.cpp b/esphome/components/audio/audio_reader.cpp
index 4e4bd31f9b..78d69d7a39 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio/audio_reader.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/audio/audio_reader.cpp
@@ -197,6 +197,11 @@ esp_err_t AudioReader::start(const std::string &uri, AudioFileType &file_type) {
     else if (str_endswith_ignore_case(url, ".flac")) {
       file_type = AudioFileType::FLAC;
     }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_OPUS_SUPPORT
+    else if (str_endswith_ignore_case(url, ".opus")) {
+      file_type = AudioFileType::OPUS;
+    }
 #endif
     else {
       file_type = AudioFileType::NONE;
@@ -241,6 +246,14 @@ AudioFileType AudioReader::get_audio_type(const char *content_type) {
   if (strcasecmp(content_type, "audio/flac") == 0 || strcasecmp(content_type, "audio/x-flac") == 0) {
     return AudioFileType::FLAC;
   }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_OPUS_SUPPORT
+  // Match "audio/ogg" with a codecs parameter containing "opus"
+  // Valid forms: audio/ogg;codecs=opus, audio/ogg; codecs="opus", etc.
+  // Plain "audio/ogg" without a codecs parameter is not matched, as those are almost always Ogg Vorbis streams
+  if (strncasecmp(content_type, "audio/ogg", 9) == 0 && strcasestr(content_type + 9, "opus") != nullptr) {
+    return AudioFileType::OPUS;
+  }
 #endif
   return AudioFileType::NONE;
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/__init__.py b/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/__init__.py
index 034312236c..b302bd9b23 100644
--- a/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/__init__.py
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ from esphome.const import (
 from esphome.core import CORE, HexInt
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
 from esphome.external_files import download_content
-from esphome.final_validate import full_config
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -37,6 +36,10 @@ DEPENDENCIES = ["network"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kahrendt", "@synesthesiam"]
 DOMAIN = "media_player"
 
+CODEC_SUPPORT_ALL = "all"
+CODEC_SUPPORT_NEEDED = "needed"
+CODEC_SUPPORT_NONE = "none"
+
 TYPE_LOCAL = "local"
 TYPE_WEB = "web"
 
@@ -110,6 +113,8 @@ def _get_supported_format_struct(pipeline, type):
         args.append(("format", "flac"))
     elif pipeline[CONF_FORMAT] == "MP3":
         args.append(("format", "mp3"))
+    elif pipeline[CONF_FORMAT] == "OPUS":
+        args.append(("format", "opus"))
     elif pipeline[CONF_FORMAT] == "WAV":
         args.append(("format", "wav"))
 
@@ -173,6 +178,13 @@ def _read_audio_file_and_type(file_config):
         media_file_type = audio.AUDIO_FILE_TYPE_ENUM["MP3"]
     elif file_type in ("flac"):
         media_file_type = audio.AUDIO_FILE_TYPE_ENUM["FLAC"]
+    elif (
+        file_type in ("ogg")
+        and len(data) >= 36
+        and data.startswith(b"OggS")
+        and data[28:36] == b"OpusHead"
+    ):
+        media_file_type = audio.AUDIO_FILE_TYPE_ENUM["OPUS"]
 
     return data, media_file_type
 
@@ -199,6 +211,10 @@ def _validate_pipeline(config):
     inherit_property_from(CONF_NUM_CHANNELS, CONF_SPEAKER)(config)
     inherit_property_from(CONF_SAMPLE_RATE, CONF_SPEAKER)(config)
 
+    # Opus only supports 48 kHz
+    if config.get(CONF_FORMAT) == "OPUS" and config.get(CONF_SAMPLE_RATE) != 48000:
+        raise cv.Invalid("Opus only supports a sample rate of 48000 Hz")
+
     # Validate the transcoder settings is compatible with the speaker
     audio.final_validate_audio_schema(
         "speaker media_player",
@@ -225,12 +241,27 @@ def _validate_repeated_speaker(config):
 
 
 def _final_validate(config):
-    # Default to using codec if psram is enabled
-    if (use_codec := config.get(CONF_CODEC_SUPPORT_ENABLED)) is None:
-        use_codec = psram.DOMAIN in full_config.get()
-    conf_id = config[CONF_ID].id
-    core_data = CORE.data.setdefault(DOMAIN, {conf_id: {}})
-    core_data[conf_id][CONF_CODEC_SUPPORT_ENABLED] = use_codec
+    # Normalize boolean values to string equivalents
+    codec_mode = config[CONF_CODEC_SUPPORT_ENABLED]
+    if codec_mode is True:
+        codec_mode = CODEC_SUPPORT_ALL
+    elif codec_mode is False:
+        codec_mode = CODEC_SUPPORT_NONE
+
+    use_codec = codec_mode != CODEC_SUPPORT_NONE
+
+    # In "needed" mode, collect formats from pipelines and files
+    needed_formats = set()
+    need_all = False
+    if codec_mode == CODEC_SUPPORT_NEEDED:
+        for pipeline_key in (CONF_ANNOUNCEMENT_PIPELINE, CONF_MEDIA_PIPELINE):
+            if pipeline := config.get(pipeline_key):
+                fmt = pipeline[CONF_FORMAT]
+                if fmt == "NONE":
+                    # No preferred format means any format could arrive
+                    need_all = True
+                else:
+                    needed_formats.add(fmt)
 
     for file_config in config.get(CONF_FILES, []):
         _, media_file_type = _read_audio_file_and_type(file_config)
@@ -243,6 +274,26 @@ def _final_validate(config):
             raise cv.Invalid(
                 f"Unsupported local media file type, set {CONF_CODEC_SUPPORT_ENABLED} to true or convert the media file to wav"
             )
+        # In "needed" mode, add file format to needed codecs
+        if codec_mode == CODEC_SUPPORT_NEEDED:
+            for fmt_name, fmt_enum in audio.AUDIO_FILE_TYPE_ENUM.items():
+                if str(media_file_type) == str(fmt_enum):
+                    if fmt_name not in ("WAV", "NONE"):
+                        needed_formats.add(fmt_name)
+                    break
+
+    # Request codec support
+    if codec_mode == CODEC_SUPPORT_ALL or need_all:
+        audio.request_flac_support()
+        audio.request_mp3_support()
+        audio.request_opus_support()
+    elif codec_mode == CODEC_SUPPORT_NEEDED:
+        if "FLAC" in needed_formats:
+            audio.request_flac_support()
+        if "MP3" in needed_formats:
+            audio.request_mp3_support()
+        if "OPUS" in needed_formats:
+            audio.request_opus_support()
 
     return config
 
@@ -307,7 +358,17 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.Optional(CONF_BUFFER_SIZE, default=1000000): cv.int_range(
                 min=4000, max=4000000
             ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_CODEC_SUPPORT_ENABLED): cv.boolean,
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_CODEC_SUPPORT_ENABLED, default=CODEC_SUPPORT_NEEDED
+            ): cv.Any(
+                cv.boolean,
+                cv.one_of(
+                    CODEC_SUPPORT_ALL,
+                    CODEC_SUPPORT_NEEDED,
+                    CODEC_SUPPORT_NONE,
+                    lower=True,
+                ),
+            ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_FILES): cv.ensure_list(MEDIA_FILE_TYPE_SCHEMA),
             cv.Optional(CONF_TASK_STACK_IN_PSRAM): cv.All(
                 cv.boolean, cv.requires_component(psram.DOMAIN)
@@ -340,11 +401,6 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    if CORE.data[DOMAIN][config[CONF_ID].id][CONF_CODEC_SUPPORT_ENABLED]:
-        # Compile all supported audio codecs
-        cg.add_define("USE_AUDIO_FLAC_SUPPORT", True)
-        cg.add_define("USE_AUDIO_MP3_SUPPORT", True)
-
     var = await media_player.new_media_player(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/audio_pipeline.cpp b/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/audio_pipeline.cpp
index 8be37d740a..177743feb1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/audio_pipeline.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/audio_pipeline.cpp
@@ -13,7 +13,12 @@ namespace speaker {
 static const uint32_t INITIAL_BUFFER_MS = 1000;  // Start playback after buffering this duration of the file
 
 static const uint32_t READ_TASK_STACK_SIZE = 5 * 1024;
+// Opus decoding uses more stack than other codecs
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_OPUS_SUPPORT
+static const uint32_t DECODE_TASK_STACK_SIZE = 5 * 1024;
+#else
 static const uint32_t DECODE_TASK_STACK_SIZE = 3 * 1024;
+#endif
 
 static const uint32_t INFO_ERROR_QUEUE_COUNT = 5;
 
@@ -552,6 +557,11 @@ void AudioPipeline::decode_task(void *params) {
             case audio::AudioFileType::FLAC:
               initial_bytes_to_buffer /= 2;  // Estimate the FLAC compression factor is 2
               break;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_OPUS_SUPPORT
+            case audio::AudioFileType::OPUS:
+              initial_bytes_to_buffer /= 8;  // Estimate the Opus compression factor is 8
+              break;
 #endif
             default:
               break;
diff --git a/esphome/core/defines.h b/esphome/core/defines.h
index a70c6cd0d0..5559ec88d0 100644
--- a/esphome/core/defines.h
+++ b/esphome/core/defines.h
@@ -130,6 +130,7 @@
 #define USE_AUDIO_DAC
 #define USE_AUDIO_FLAC_SUPPORT
 #define USE_AUDIO_MP3_SUPPORT
+#define USE_AUDIO_OPUS_SUPPORT
 #define USE_API
 #define USE_API_CLIENT_CONNECTED_TRIGGER
 #define USE_API_CLIENT_DISCONNECTED_TRIGGER
diff --git a/esphome/idf_component.yml b/esphome/idf_component.yml
index f39ea9b3ae..83b2d9d95c 100644
--- a/esphome/idf_component.yml
+++ b/esphome/idf_component.yml
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ dependencies:
     version: "7.4.2"
   esphome/esp-audio-libs:
     version: 2.0.3
+  esphome/micro-opus:
+    version: 0.3.3
   espressif/esp-tflite-micro:
     version: 1.3.3~1
   espressif/esp32-camera:
diff --git a/tests/components/speaker/audio_dac.esp32-ard.yaml b/tests/components/speaker/audio_dac.esp32-ard.yaml
deleted file mode 100644
index 3f5d1bba7c..0000000000
--- a/tests/components/speaker/audio_dac.esp32-ard.yaml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-substitutions:
-  i2s_bclk_pin: GPIO27
-  i2s_lrclk_pin: GPIO26
-  i2s_mclk_pin: GPIO25
-  i2s_dout_pin: GPIO23
-
-packages:
-  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-ard.yaml
-
-<<: !include common-audio_dac.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/speaker/common-media_player.yaml b/tests/components/speaker/common-media_player.yaml
index edc9f670fc..c958c0d912 100644
--- a/tests/components/speaker/common-media_player.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/speaker/common-media_player.yaml
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 <<: !include common.yaml
 
+wifi:
+  ap:
+
+psram:
+  mode: quad
+
 media_player:
   - platform: speaker
     id: speaker_media_player_id
@@ -10,3 +16,4 @@ media_player:
     volume_max: 0.95
     volume_min: 0.0
     task_stack_in_psram: true
+    codec_support_enabled: all
diff --git a/tests/components/speaker/media_player.esp32-s3-idf.yaml b/tests/components/speaker/media_player.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
deleted file mode 100644
index b3eec04d23..0000000000
--- a/tests/components/speaker/media_player.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-substitutions:
-  scl_pin: GPIO2
-  sda_pin: GPIO3
-  i2s_bclk_pin: GPIO4
-  i2s_lrclk_pin: GPIO5
-  i2s_mclk_pin: GPIO6
-  i2s_dout_pin: GPIO7
-
-<<: !include common-media_player.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/speaker/audio_dac.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/speaker/test-audio_dac.esp32-idf.yaml
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/components/speaker/audio_dac.esp32-idf.yaml
rename to tests/components/speaker/test-audio_dac.esp32-idf.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/speaker/media_player.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/speaker/test-media_player.esp32-idf.yaml
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/components/speaker/media_player.esp32-idf.yaml
rename to tests/components/speaker/test-media_player.esp32-idf.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/speaker/test.esp32-ard.yaml b/tests/components/speaker/test.esp32-ard.yaml
deleted file mode 100644
index 13350cd097..0000000000
--- a/tests/components/speaker/test.esp32-ard.yaml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-substitutions:
-  i2s_bclk_pin: GPIO27
-  i2s_lrclk_pin: GPIO26
-  i2s_mclk_pin: GPIO25
-  i2s_dout_pin: GPIO4
-
-packages:
-  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-ard.yaml
-
-<<: !include common.yaml

From 4d05e4d5765c037f234ddebb8442af2007c4fc60 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Marc=20H=C3=B6rsken?= <mback2k@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2026 04:52:38 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 073/609] [esp32_camera] Add support for sensors without JPEG
 support (#9496)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@home-assistant.io>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@koston.org>
---
 esphome/components/esp32_camera/__init__.py   |  50 ++++-
 .../components/esp32_camera/esp32_camera.cpp  | 207 +++++++++++++-----
 .../components/esp32_camera/esp32_camera.h    |  14 ++
 esphome/core/defines.h                        |   1 +
 .../common/i2c_camera/esp32-idf.yaml          |   1 +
 5 files changed, 212 insertions(+), 61 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_camera/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32_camera/__init__.py
index db6244fb3f..3a5d87792b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_camera/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_camera/__init__.py
@@ -22,8 +22,10 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
     CONF_VSYNC_PIN,
 )
+from esphome.core import CORE
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import setup_entity
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -84,6 +86,18 @@ FRAME_SIZES = {
     "2560X1920": ESP32CameraFrameSize.ESP32_CAMERA_SIZE_2560X1920,
     "QSXGA": ESP32CameraFrameSize.ESP32_CAMERA_SIZE_2560X1920,
 }
+ESP32CameraPixelFormat = esp32_camera_ns.enum("ESP32CameraPixelFormat")
+PIXEL_FORMATS = {
+    "RGB565": ESP32CameraPixelFormat.ESP32_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGB565,
+    "YUV422": ESP32CameraPixelFormat.ESP32_PIXEL_FORMAT_YUV422,
+    "YUV420": ESP32CameraPixelFormat.ESP32_PIXEL_FORMAT_YUV420,
+    "GRAYSCALE": ESP32CameraPixelFormat.ESP32_PIXEL_FORMAT_GRAYSCALE,
+    "JPEG": ESP32CameraPixelFormat.ESP32_PIXEL_FORMAT_JPEG,
+    "RGB888": ESP32CameraPixelFormat.ESP32_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGB888,
+    "RAW": ESP32CameraPixelFormat.ESP32_PIXEL_FORMAT_RAW,
+    "RGB444": ESP32CameraPixelFormat.ESP32_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGB444,
+    "RGB555": ESP32CameraPixelFormat.ESP32_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGB555,
+}
 ESP32GainControlMode = esp32_camera_ns.enum("ESP32GainControlMode")
 ENUM_GAIN_CONTROL_MODE = {
     "MANUAL": ESP32GainControlMode.ESP32_GC_MODE_MANU,
@@ -131,6 +145,7 @@ CONF_EXTERNAL_CLOCK = "external_clock"
 CONF_I2C_PINS = "i2c_pins"
 CONF_POWER_DOWN_PIN = "power_down_pin"
 # image
+CONF_PIXEL_FORMAT = "pixel_format"
 CONF_JPEG_QUALITY = "jpeg_quality"
 CONF_VERTICAL_FLIP = "vertical_flip"
 CONF_HORIZONTAL_MIRROR = "horizontal_mirror"
@@ -171,6 +186,21 @@ def validate_fb_location_(value):
     return validator(value)
 
 
+def validate_jpeg_quality(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    quality = config.get(CONF_JPEG_QUALITY)
+    pixel_format = config.get(CONF_PIXEL_FORMAT, "JPEG")
+
+    if quality == 0:
+        # Set default JPEG quality if not specified for backwards compatibility
+        if pixel_format == "JPEG":
+            config[CONF_JPEG_QUALITY] = 10
+        # For pixel formats other than JPEG, the valid 0 means no conversion
+    elif quality < 6 or quality > 63:
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"jpeg_quality must be between 6 and 63, got {quality}")
+
+    return config
+
+
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.ENTITY_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(
         {
@@ -206,7 +236,12 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.Optional(CONF_RESOLUTION, default="640X480"): cv.enum(
                 FRAME_SIZES, upper=True
             ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_JPEG_QUALITY, default=10): cv.int_range(min=6, max=63),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PIXEL_FORMAT, default="JPEG"): cv.enum(
+                PIXEL_FORMATS, upper=True
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_JPEG_QUALITY, default=0): cv.Any(
+                cv.one_of(0), cv.int_range(min=6, max=63)
+            ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_CONTRAST, default=0): camera_range_param,
             cv.Optional(CONF_BRIGHTNESS, default=0): camera_range_param,
             cv.Optional(CONF_SATURATION, default=0): camera_range_param,
@@ -270,11 +305,21 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             ),
         }
     ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
+    validate_jpeg_quality,
     cv.has_exactly_one_key(CONF_I2C_PINS, CONF_I2C_ID),
 )
 
 
 def _final_validate(config):
+    # Check psram requirement for non-JPEG formats
+    if (
+        config.get(CONF_PIXEL_FORMAT, "JPEG") != "JPEG"
+        and psram_domain not in CORE.loaded_integrations
+    ):
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"Non-JPEG pixel formats require the '{psram_domain}' component for JPEG conversion"
+        )
+
     if CONF_I2C_PINS not in config:
         return
     fconf = fv.full_config.get()
@@ -298,6 +343,7 @@ SETTERS = {
     CONF_RESET_PIN: "set_reset_pin",
     CONF_POWER_DOWN_PIN: "set_power_down_pin",
     # image
+    CONF_PIXEL_FORMAT: "set_pixel_format",
     CONF_JPEG_QUALITY: "set_jpeg_quality",
     CONF_VERTICAL_FLIP: "set_vertical_flip",
     CONF_HORIZONTAL_MIRROR: "set_horizontal_mirror",
@@ -351,6 +397,8 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.add(var.set_frame_size(config[CONF_RESOLUTION]))
 
     cg.add_define("USE_CAMERA")
+    if config[CONF_JPEG_QUALITY] != 0 and config[CONF_PIXEL_FORMAT] != "JPEG":
+        cg.add_define("USE_ESP32_CAMERA_JPEG_CONVERSION")
 
     add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp32-camera", ref="2.1.1")
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_SCCB_HARDWARE_I2C_DRIVER_NEW", True)
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_camera/esp32_camera.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_camera/esp32_camera.cpp
index cfe06b1673..655ae54f0a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_camera/esp32_camera.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_camera/esp32_camera.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,74 @@ static constexpr size_t FRAMEBUFFER_TASK_STACK_SIZE = 1792;
 static constexpr uint32_t FRAME_LOG_INTERVAL_MS = 60000;
 #endif
 
+static const char *frame_size_to_str(framesize_t size) {
+  switch (size) {
+    case FRAMESIZE_QQVGA:
+      return "160x120 (QQVGA)";
+    case FRAMESIZE_QCIF:
+      return "176x155 (QCIF)";
+    case FRAMESIZE_HQVGA:
+      return "240x176 (HQVGA)";
+    case FRAMESIZE_QVGA:
+      return "320x240 (QVGA)";
+    case FRAMESIZE_CIF:
+      return "400x296 (CIF)";
+    case FRAMESIZE_VGA:
+      return "640x480 (VGA)";
+    case FRAMESIZE_SVGA:
+      return "800x600 (SVGA)";
+    case FRAMESIZE_XGA:
+      return "1024x768 (XGA)";
+    case FRAMESIZE_SXGA:
+      return "1280x1024 (SXGA)";
+    case FRAMESIZE_UXGA:
+      return "1600x1200 (UXGA)";
+    case FRAMESIZE_FHD:
+      return "1920x1080 (FHD)";
+    case FRAMESIZE_P_HD:
+      return "720x1280 (P_HD)";
+    case FRAMESIZE_P_3MP:
+      return "864x1536 (P_3MP)";
+    case FRAMESIZE_QXGA:
+      return "2048x1536 (QXGA)";
+    case FRAMESIZE_QHD:
+      return "2560x1440 (QHD)";
+    case FRAMESIZE_WQXGA:
+      return "2560x1600 (WQXGA)";
+    case FRAMESIZE_P_FHD:
+      return "1080x1920 (P_FHD)";
+    case FRAMESIZE_QSXGA:
+      return "2560x1920 (QSXGA)";
+    default:
+      return "UNKNOWN";
+  }
+}
+
+static const char *pixel_format_to_str(pixformat_t format) {
+  switch (format) {
+    case PIXFORMAT_RGB565:
+      return "RGB565";
+    case PIXFORMAT_YUV422:
+      return "YUV422";
+    case PIXFORMAT_YUV420:
+      return "YUV420";
+    case PIXFORMAT_GRAYSCALE:
+      return "GRAYSCALE";
+    case PIXFORMAT_JPEG:
+      return "JPEG";
+    case PIXFORMAT_RGB888:
+      return "RGB888";
+    case PIXFORMAT_RAW:
+      return "RAW";
+    case PIXFORMAT_RGB444:
+      return "RGB444";
+    case PIXFORMAT_RGB555:
+      return "RGB555";
+    default:
+      return "UNKNOWN";
+  }
+}
+
 /* ---------------- public API (derivated) ---------------- */
 void ESP32Camera::setup() {
 #ifdef USE_I2C
@@ -68,64 +136,9 @@ void ESP32Camera::dump_config() {
                 this->name_.c_str(), YESNO(this->is_internal()), conf.pin_d0, conf.pin_d1, conf.pin_d2, conf.pin_d3,
                 conf.pin_d4, conf.pin_d5, conf.pin_d6, conf.pin_d7, conf.pin_vsync, conf.pin_href, conf.pin_pclk,
                 conf.pin_xclk, conf.xclk_freq_hz, conf.pin_sccb_sda, conf.pin_sccb_scl, conf.pin_reset);
-  switch (this->config_.frame_size) {
-    case FRAMESIZE_QQVGA:
-      ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Resolution: 160x120 (QQVGA)");
-      break;
-    case FRAMESIZE_QCIF:
-      ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Resolution: 176x155 (QCIF)");
-      break;
-    case FRAMESIZE_HQVGA:
-      ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Resolution: 240x176 (HQVGA)");
-      break;
-    case FRAMESIZE_QVGA:
-      ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Resolution: 320x240 (QVGA)");
-      break;
-    case FRAMESIZE_CIF:
-      ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Resolution: 400x296 (CIF)");
-      break;
-    case FRAMESIZE_VGA:
-      ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Resolution: 640x480 (VGA)");
-      break;
-    case FRAMESIZE_SVGA:
-      ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Resolution: 800x600 (SVGA)");
-      break;
-    case FRAMESIZE_XGA:
-      ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Resolution: 1024x768 (XGA)");
-      break;
-    case FRAMESIZE_SXGA:
-      ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Resolution: 1280x1024 (SXGA)");
-      break;
-    case FRAMESIZE_UXGA:
-      ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Resolution: 1600x1200 (UXGA)");
-      break;
-    case FRAMESIZE_FHD:
-      ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Resolution: 1920x1080 (FHD)");
-      break;
-    case FRAMESIZE_P_HD:
-      ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Resolution: 720x1280 (P_HD)");
-      break;
-    case FRAMESIZE_P_3MP:
-      ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Resolution: 864x1536 (P_3MP)");
-      break;
-    case FRAMESIZE_QXGA:
-      ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Resolution: 2048x1536 (QXGA)");
-      break;
-    case FRAMESIZE_QHD:
-      ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Resolution: 2560x1440 (QHD)");
-      break;
-    case FRAMESIZE_WQXGA:
-      ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Resolution: 2560x1600 (WQXGA)");
-      break;
-    case FRAMESIZE_P_FHD:
-      ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Resolution: 1080x1920 (P_FHD)");
-      break;
-    case FRAMESIZE_QSXGA:
-      ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Resolution: 2560x1920 (QSXGA)");
-      break;
-    default:
-      break;
-  }
+
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Resolution: %s", frame_size_to_str(this->config_.frame_size));
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Pixel Format: %s", pixel_format_to_str(this->config_.pixel_format));
 
   if (this->is_failed()) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "  Setup Failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(this->init_error_));
@@ -184,8 +197,19 @@ void ESP32Camera::loop() {
   // check if we can return the image
   if (this->can_return_image_()) {
     // return image
-    auto *fb = this->current_image_->get_raw_buffer();
-    xQueueSend(this->framebuffer_return_queue_, &fb, portMAX_DELAY);
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_CAMERA_JPEG_CONVERSION
+    if (this->config_.pixel_format != PIXFORMAT_JPEG && this->config_.jpeg_quality > 0) {
+      // for non-JPEG format, we need to free the data and raw buffer
+      auto *jpg_buf = this->current_image_->get_data_buffer();
+      free(jpg_buf);  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-no-malloc)
+      auto *fb = this->current_image_->get_raw_buffer();
+      this->fb_allocator_.deallocate(fb, 1);
+    } else
+#endif
+    {
+      auto *fb = this->current_image_->get_raw_buffer();
+      xQueueSend(this->framebuffer_return_queue_, &fb, portMAX_DELAY);
+    }
     this->current_image_.reset();
   }
 
@@ -212,6 +236,38 @@ void ESP32Camera::loop() {
     xQueueSend(this->framebuffer_return_queue_, &fb, portMAX_DELAY);
     return;
   }
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_CAMERA_JPEG_CONVERSION
+  if (this->config_.pixel_format != PIXFORMAT_JPEG && this->config_.jpeg_quality > 0) {
+    // for non-JPEG format, we need to convert the frame to JPEG
+    uint8_t *jpg_buf;
+    size_t jpg_buf_len;
+    size_t width = fb->width;
+    size_t height = fb->height;
+    struct timeval timestamp = fb->timestamp;
+    bool ok = frame2jpg(fb, 100 - this->config_.jpeg_quality, &jpg_buf, &jpg_buf_len);
+    // return the original frame buffer to the queue
+    xQueueSend(this->framebuffer_return_queue_, &fb, portMAX_DELAY);
+    if (!ok) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to convert frame to JPEG!");
+      return;
+    }
+    // create a new camera_fb_t for the JPEG data
+    fb = this->fb_allocator_.allocate(1);
+    if (fb == nullptr) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to allocate memory for camera frame buffer!");
+      free(jpg_buf);  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-no-malloc)
+      return;
+    }
+    memset(fb, 0, sizeof(camera_fb_t));
+    fb->buf = jpg_buf;
+    fb->len = jpg_buf_len;
+    fb->width = width;
+    fb->height = height;
+    fb->format = PIXFORMAT_JPEG;
+    fb->timestamp = timestamp;
+  }
+#endif
   this->current_image_ = std::make_shared<ESP32CameraImage>(fb, this->single_requesters_ | this->stream_requesters_);
 
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
@@ -342,6 +398,37 @@ void ESP32Camera::set_frame_size(ESP32CameraFrameSize size) {
       break;
   }
 }
+void ESP32Camera::set_pixel_format(ESP32CameraPixelFormat format) {
+  switch (format) {
+    case ESP32_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGB565:
+      this->config_.pixel_format = PIXFORMAT_RGB565;
+      break;
+    case ESP32_PIXEL_FORMAT_YUV422:
+      this->config_.pixel_format = PIXFORMAT_YUV422;
+      break;
+    case ESP32_PIXEL_FORMAT_YUV420:
+      this->config_.pixel_format = PIXFORMAT_YUV420;
+      break;
+    case ESP32_PIXEL_FORMAT_GRAYSCALE:
+      this->config_.pixel_format = PIXFORMAT_GRAYSCALE;
+      break;
+    case ESP32_PIXEL_FORMAT_JPEG:
+      this->config_.pixel_format = PIXFORMAT_JPEG;
+      break;
+    case ESP32_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGB888:
+      this->config_.pixel_format = PIXFORMAT_RGB888;
+      break;
+    case ESP32_PIXEL_FORMAT_RAW:
+      this->config_.pixel_format = PIXFORMAT_RAW;
+      break;
+    case ESP32_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGB444:
+      this->config_.pixel_format = PIXFORMAT_RGB444;
+      break;
+    case ESP32_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGB555:
+      this->config_.pixel_format = PIXFORMAT_RGB555;
+      break;
+  }
+}
 void ESP32Camera::set_jpeg_quality(uint8_t quality) { this->config_.jpeg_quality = quality; }
 void ESP32Camera::set_vertical_flip(bool vertical_flip) { this->vertical_flip_ = vertical_flip; }
 void ESP32Camera::set_horizontal_mirror(bool horizontal_mirror) { this->horizontal_mirror_ = horizontal_mirror; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_camera/esp32_camera.h b/esphome/components/esp32_camera/esp32_camera.h
index eea93b7e01..9fbd3848f2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_camera/esp32_camera.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_camera/esp32_camera.h
@@ -41,6 +41,18 @@ enum ESP32CameraFrameSize {
   ESP32_CAMERA_SIZE_2560X1920,  // QSXGA
 };
 
+enum ESP32CameraPixelFormat {
+  ESP32_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGB565,
+  ESP32_PIXEL_FORMAT_YUV422,
+  ESP32_PIXEL_FORMAT_YUV420,
+  ESP32_PIXEL_FORMAT_GRAYSCALE,
+  ESP32_PIXEL_FORMAT_JPEG,
+  ESP32_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGB888,
+  ESP32_PIXEL_FORMAT_RAW,
+  ESP32_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGB444,
+  ESP32_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGB555,
+};
+
 enum ESP32AgcGainCeiling {
   ESP32_GAINCEILING_2X = GAINCEILING_2X,
   ESP32_GAINCEILING_4X = GAINCEILING_4X,
@@ -126,6 +138,7 @@ class ESP32Camera : public camera::Camera {
   void set_reset_pin(uint8_t pin);
   void set_power_down_pin(uint8_t pin);
   /* -- image */
+  void set_pixel_format(ESP32CameraPixelFormat format);
   void set_frame_size(ESP32CameraFrameSize size);
   void set_jpeg_quality(uint8_t quality);
   void set_vertical_flip(bool vertical_flip);
@@ -220,6 +233,7 @@ class ESP32Camera : public camera::Camera {
 #ifdef USE_I2C
   i2c::InternalI2CBus *i2c_bus_{nullptr};
 #endif  // USE_I2C
+  RAMAllocator<camera_fb_t> fb_allocator_{RAMAllocator<camera_fb_t>::ALLOC_INTERNAL};
 };
 
 class ESP32CameraImageTrigger : public Trigger<CameraImageData>, public camera::CameraListener {
diff --git a/esphome/core/defines.h b/esphome/core/defines.h
index 5559ec88d0..a7fb9f197c 100644
--- a/esphome/core/defines.h
+++ b/esphome/core/defines.h
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 #define USE_DEVICES
 #define USE_DISPLAY
 #define USE_ENTITY_ICON
+#define USE_ESP32_CAMERA_JPEG_CONVERSION
 #define USE_ESP32_HOSTED
 #define USE_ESP32_IMPROV_STATE_CALLBACK
 #define USE_EVENT
diff --git a/tests/test_build_components/common/i2c_camera/esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/test_build_components/common/i2c_camera/esp32-idf.yaml
index 443ebbebd9..07ab6cdc8d 100644
--- a/tests/test_build_components/common/i2c_camera/esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/test_build_components/common/i2c_camera/esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ esp32_camera:
   resolution: 640x480
   jpeg_quality: 10
   frame_buffer_location: PSRAM
+  pixel_format: JPEG
   on_image:
     then:
       - lambda: |-

From 4cc1e6a9103dc804e9e4516ff1f6fe313701ccf1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Rodrigo=20Mart=C3=ADn?= <contact@rodrigomartin.dev>
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2026 15:23:22 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 074/609] [esp32_ble_server] add test for lambda characteristic
 (#14091)

---
 tests/components/esp32_ble_server/common.yaml | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/tests/components/esp32_ble_server/common.yaml b/tests/components/esp32_ble_server/common.yaml
index e9576a8262..7fe0b2eb5f 100644
--- a/tests/components/esp32_ble_server/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/esp32_ble_server/common.yaml
@@ -33,6 +33,10 @@ esp32_ble_server:
     - uuid: 2a24b789-7a1b-4535-af3e-ee76a35cc42d
       advertise: false
       characteristics:
+        - id: test_lambda_characteristic
+          uuid: 2a24b789-7a1b-4535-af3e-ee76a35cc12c
+          read: true
+          value: !lambda return { 1, 2 };
         - id: test_change_characteristic
           uuid: 2a24b789-7a1b-4535-af3e-ee76a35cc11c
           read: true

From 7b53a9895000219aac5895de48c5bd15715d7aea Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2026 08:39:44 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 075/609] [socket] Log error when UDP socket requested on LWIP
 TCP-only platforms (#14089)

---
 esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp
index aa37386d70..6e95f5bc7a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp
@@ -680,6 +680,11 @@ class LWIPRawListenImpl final : public LWIPRawImpl {
 };
 
 std::unique_ptr<Socket> socket(int domain, int type, int protocol) {
+  if (type != SOCK_STREAM) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "UDP sockets not supported on this platform, use WiFiUDP");
+    errno = EPROTOTYPE;
+    return nullptr;
+  }
   auto *pcb = tcp_new();
   if (pcb == nullptr)
     return nullptr;

From 6daca09794d7d48478e4c6751907ae5a4b5aa7b3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2026 08:40:08 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 076/609] [logger] Replace LogListener virtual interface with
 LogCallback struct (#14084)

---
 esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp        |  5 +-
 esphome/components/api/api_server.h          |  6 +-
 esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.cpp       |  5 +-
 esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.h         |  9 +--
 esphome/components/logger/logger.h           | 66 ++++++++++----------
 esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp      |  5 +-
 esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.h        |  9 +--
 esphome/components/syslog/esphome_syslog.cpp |  7 ++-
 esphome/components/syslog/esphome_syslog.h   |  5 +-
 esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp |  5 +-
 esphome/components/web_server/web_server.h   | 11 +---
 11 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 68 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp
index 67a117e68f..1a1d0b229b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp
@@ -92,7 +92,10 @@ void APIServer::setup() {
 
 #ifdef USE_LOGGER
   if (logger::global_logger != nullptr) {
-    logger::global_logger->add_log_listener(this);
+    logger::global_logger->add_log_callback(
+        this, [](void *self, uint8_t level, const char *tag, const char *message, size_t message_len) {
+          static_cast<APIServer *>(self)->on_log(level, tag, message, message_len);
+        });
   }
 #endif
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_server.h b/esphome/components/api/api_server.h
index 323acc2efb..3b9ba0e23b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_server.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_server.h
@@ -37,10 +37,6 @@ struct SavedNoisePsk {
 
 class APIServer : public Component,
                   public Controller
-#ifdef USE_LOGGER
-    ,
-                  public logger::LogListener
-#endif
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA
     ,
                   public camera::CameraListener
@@ -56,7 +52,7 @@ class APIServer : public Component,
   void on_shutdown() override;
   bool teardown() override;
 #ifdef USE_LOGGER
-  void on_log(uint8_t level, const char *tag, const char *message, size_t message_len) override;
+  void on_log(uint8_t level, const char *tag, const char *message, size_t message_len);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA
   void on_camera_image(const std::shared_ptr<camera::CameraImage> &image) override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.cpp b/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.cpp
index 0de65b623f..a10132eb3e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.cpp
@@ -87,7 +87,10 @@ void BLENUS::setup() {
   global_ble_nus = this;
 #ifdef USE_LOGGER
   if (logger::global_logger != nullptr && this->expose_log_) {
-    logger::global_logger->add_log_listener(this);
+    logger::global_logger->add_log_callback(
+        this, [](void *self, uint8_t level, const char *tag, const char *message, size_t message_len) {
+          static_cast<BLENUS *>(self)->on_log(level, tag, message, message_len);
+        });
   }
 #endif
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.h b/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.h
index ef20fc5e5b..b2b0ee7713 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.h
@@ -10,12 +10,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::ble_nus {
 
-class BLENUS : public Component
-#ifdef USE_LOGGER
-    ,
-               public logger::LogListener
-#endif
-{
+class BLENUS : public Component {
   enum TxStatus {
     TX_DISABLED,
     TX_ENABLED,
@@ -29,7 +24,7 @@ class BLENUS : public Component
   size_t write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len);
   void set_expose_log(bool expose_log) { this->expose_log_ = expose_log; }
 #ifdef USE_LOGGER
-  void on_log(uint8_t level, const char *tag, const char *message, size_t message_len) override;
+  void on_log(uint8_t level, const char *tag, const char *message, size_t message_len);
 #endif
 
  protected:
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/logger.h b/esphome/components/logger/logger.h
index 835542dd8f..2a7552af92 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/logger.h
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/logger.h
@@ -40,26 +40,25 @@ struct device;
 
 namespace esphome::logger {
 
-/** Interface for receiving log messages without std::function overhead.
+/** Lightweight callback for receiving log messages without virtual dispatch overhead.
  *
- * Components can implement this interface instead of using lambdas with std::function
- * to reduce flash usage from std::function type erasure machinery.
+ * Replaces the former LogListener virtual interface to eliminate per-implementer
+ * vtable sub-tables and thunk code (~39 bytes saved per class that used LogListener).
  *
  * Usage:
- *   class MyComponent : public Component, public LogListener {
- *    public:
- *     void setup() override {
- *       if (logger::global_logger != nullptr)
- *         logger::global_logger->add_log_listener(this);
- *     }
- *     void on_log(uint8_t level, const char *tag, const char *message, size_t message_len) override {
- *       // Handle log message
- *     }
- *   };
+ *   // In your component's setup():
+ *   if (logger::global_logger != nullptr)
+ *     logger::global_logger->add_log_callback(
+ *         this, [](void *self, uint8_t level, const char *tag, const char *message, size_t message_len) {
+ *           static_cast<MyComponent *>(self)->on_log(level, tag, message, message_len);
+ *         });
  */
-class LogListener {
- public:
-  virtual void on_log(uint8_t level, const char *tag, const char *message, size_t message_len) = 0;
+struct LogCallback {
+  void *instance;
+  void (*fn)(void *, uint8_t, const char *, const char *, size_t);
+  void invoke(uint8_t level, const char *tag, const char *message, size_t message_len) const {
+    this->fn(this->instance, level, tag, message, message_len);
+  }
 };
 
 #ifdef USE_LOGGER_LEVEL_LISTENERS
@@ -187,11 +186,13 @@ class Logger : public Component {
   inline uint8_t level_for(const char *tag);
 
 #ifdef USE_LOG_LISTENERS
-  /// Register a log listener to receive log messages
-  void add_log_listener(LogListener *listener) { this->log_listeners_.push_back(listener); }
+  /// Register a log callback to receive log messages
+  void add_log_callback(void *instance, void (*fn)(void *, uint8_t, const char *, const char *, size_t)) {
+    this->log_callbacks_.push_back(LogCallback{instance, fn});
+  }
 #else
   /// No-op when log listeners are disabled
-  void add_log_listener(LogListener *listener) {}
+  void add_log_callback(void *instance, void (*fn)(void *, uint8_t, const char *, const char *, size_t)) {}
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_LOGGER_LEVEL_LISTENERS
@@ -253,11 +254,11 @@ class Logger : public Component {
   }
 #endif
 
-  // Helper to notify log listeners
+  // Helper to notify log callbacks
   inline void HOT notify_listeners_(uint8_t level, const char *tag, const LogBuffer &buf) {
 #ifdef USE_LOG_LISTENERS
-    for (auto *listener : this->log_listeners_)
-      listener->on_log(level, tag, buf.data, buf.pos);
+    for (auto &cb : this->log_callbacks_)
+      cb.invoke(level, tag, buf.data, buf.pos);
 #endif
   }
 
@@ -341,8 +342,8 @@ class Logger : public Component {
   std::map<const char *, uint8_t, CStrCompare> log_levels_{};
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_LOG_LISTENERS
-  StaticVector<LogListener *, ESPHOME_LOG_MAX_LISTENERS>
-      log_listeners_;  // Log message listeners (API, MQTT, syslog, etc.)
+  StaticVector<LogCallback, ESPHOME_LOG_MAX_LISTENERS>
+      log_callbacks_;  // Log message callbacks (API, MQTT, syslog, etc.)
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_LOGGER_LEVEL_LISTENERS
   std::vector<LoggerLevelListener *> level_listeners_;  // Log level change listeners
@@ -478,15 +479,16 @@ class Logger : public Component {
 };
 extern Logger *global_logger;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
-class LoggerMessageTrigger : public Trigger<uint8_t, const char *, const char *>, public LogListener {
+class LoggerMessageTrigger : public Trigger<uint8_t, const char *, const char *> {
  public:
-  explicit LoggerMessageTrigger(Logger *parent, uint8_t level) : level_(level) { parent->add_log_listener(this); }
-
-  void on_log(uint8_t level, const char *tag, const char *message, size_t message_len) override {
-    (void) message_len;
-    if (level <= this->level_) {
-      this->trigger(level, tag, message);
-    }
+  explicit LoggerMessageTrigger(Logger *parent, uint8_t level) : level_(level) {
+    parent->add_log_callback(this,
+                             [](void *self, uint8_t level, const char *tag, const char *message, size_t message_len) {
+                               auto *trigger = static_cast<LoggerMessageTrigger *>(self);
+                               if (level <= trigger->level_) {
+                                 trigger->trigger(level, tag, message);
+                               }
+                             });
   }
 
  protected:
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp
index 90b423c386..9905b4677e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp
@@ -64,7 +64,10 @@ void MQTTClientComponent::setup() {
   });
 #ifdef USE_LOGGER
   if (this->is_log_message_enabled() && logger::global_logger != nullptr) {
-    logger::global_logger->add_log_listener(this);
+    logger::global_logger->add_log_callback(
+        this, [](void *self, uint8_t level, const char *tag, const char *message, size_t message_len) {
+          static_cast<MQTTClientComponent *>(self)->on_log(level, tag, message, message_len);
+        });
   }
 #endif
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.h b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.h
index 38bc0b4da3..21edd53eda 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.h
@@ -99,12 +99,7 @@ enum MQTTClientState {
 
 class MQTTComponent;
 
-class MQTTClientComponent : public Component
-#ifdef USE_LOGGER
-    ,
-                            public logger::LogListener
-#endif
-{
+class MQTTClientComponent : public Component {
  public:
   MQTTClientComponent();
 
@@ -252,7 +247,7 @@ class MQTTClientComponent : public Component
   float get_setup_priority() const override;
 
 #ifdef USE_LOGGER
-  void on_log(uint8_t level, const char *tag, const char *message, size_t message_len) override;
+  void on_log(uint8_t level, const char *tag, const char *message, size_t message_len);
 #endif
 
   void on_message(const std::string &topic, const std::string &payload);
diff --git a/esphome/components/syslog/esphome_syslog.cpp b/esphome/components/syslog/esphome_syslog.cpp
index 376de54db4..790d08ffa6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/syslog/esphome_syslog.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/syslog/esphome_syslog.cpp
@@ -18,7 +18,12 @@ constexpr int LOG_LEVEL_TO_SYSLOG_SEVERITY[] = {
     7   // VERY_VERBOSE
 };
 
-void Syslog::setup() { logger::global_logger->add_log_listener(this); }
+void Syslog::setup() {
+  logger::global_logger->add_log_callback(
+      this, [](void *self, uint8_t level, const char *tag, const char *message, size_t message_len) {
+        static_cast<Syslog *>(self)->on_log(level, tag, message, message_len);
+      });
+}
 
 void Syslog::on_log(uint8_t level, const char *tag, const char *message, size_t message_len) {
   this->log_(level, tag, message, message_len);
diff --git a/esphome/components/syslog/esphome_syslog.h b/esphome/components/syslog/esphome_syslog.h
index bde6ab5ed4..be4fa91436 100644
--- a/esphome/components/syslog/esphome_syslog.h
+++ b/esphome/components/syslog/esphome_syslog.h
@@ -2,17 +2,16 @@
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
-#include "esphome/components/logger/logger.h"
 #include "esphome/components/udp/udp_component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_NETWORK
 namespace esphome::syslog {
-class Syslog : public Component, public Parented<udp::UDPComponent>, public logger::LogListener {
+class Syslog : public Component, public Parented<udp::UDPComponent> {
  public:
   Syslog(int level, time::RealTimeClock *time) : log_level_(level), time_(time) {}
   void setup() override;
-  void on_log(uint8_t level, const char *tag, const char *message, size_t message_len) override;
+  void on_log(uint8_t level, const char *tag, const char *message, size_t message_len);
   void set_strip(bool strip) { this->strip_ = strip; }
   void set_facility(int facility) { this->facility_ = facility; }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
index e3d131f58e..a44a47379e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
@@ -395,7 +395,10 @@ void WebServer::setup() {
 
 #ifdef USE_LOGGER
   if (logger::global_logger != nullptr && this->expose_log_) {
-    logger::global_logger->add_log_listener(this);
+    logger::global_logger->add_log_callback(
+        this, [](void *self, uint8_t level, const char *tag, const char *message, size_t message_len) {
+          static_cast<WebServer *>(self)->on_log(level, tag, message, message_len);
+        });
   }
 #endif
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.h b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.h
index 026da763ea..6afe618b59 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.h
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.h
@@ -186,14 +186,7 @@ class DeferredUpdateEventSourceList : public std::list<DeferredUpdateEventSource
  * under the '/light/...', '/sensor/...', ... URLs. A full documentation for this API
  * can be found under https://esphome.io/web-api/.
  */
-class WebServer : public Controller,
-                  public Component,
-                  public AsyncWebHandler
-#ifdef USE_LOGGER
-    ,
-                  public logger::LogListener
-#endif
-{
+class WebServer : public Controller, public Component, public AsyncWebHandler {
 #if !defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_ARDUINO)
   friend class DeferredUpdateEventSourceList;
 #endif
@@ -254,7 +247,7 @@ class WebServer : public Controller,
   void dump_config() override;
 
 #ifdef USE_LOGGER
-  void on_log(uint8_t level, const char *tag, const char *message, size_t message_len) override;
+  void on_log(uint8_t level, const char *tag, const char *message, size_t message_len);
 #endif
 
   /// MQTT setup priority.

From b0085e21f74972909be1b2cb54b05a01ddb558c8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2026 08:40:23 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 077/609] [core] Devirtualize call_loop() and mark_failed() in
 Component (#14083)

---
 esphome/core/component.cpp | 12 +++++-------
 esphome/core/component.h   |  4 ++--
 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/component.cpp b/esphome/core/component.cpp
index ba0f1663b9..f283a69064 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/component.cpp
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ bool Component::cancel_retry(uint32_t id) {
 #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
 }
 
-void Component::call_loop() { this->loop(); }
+void Component::call_loop_() { this->loop(); }
 void Component::call_setup() { this->setup(); }
 void Component::call_dump_config() {
   this->dump_config();
@@ -258,11 +258,11 @@ void Component::call() {
     case COMPONENT_STATE_SETUP:
       // State setup: Call first loop and set state to loop
       this->set_component_state_(COMPONENT_STATE_LOOP);
-      this->call_loop();
+      this->call_loop_();
       break;
     case COMPONENT_STATE_LOOP:
       // State loop: Call loop
-      this->call_loop();
+      this->call_loop_();
       break;
     case COMPONENT_STATE_FAILED:
       // State failed: Do nothing
@@ -497,16 +497,14 @@ void Component::set_setup_priority(float priority) {
 
 bool Component::has_overridden_loop() const {
 #if defined(USE_HOST) || defined(CLANG_TIDY)
-  bool loop_overridden = true;
-  bool call_loop_overridden = true;
+  return true;
 #else
 #pragma GCC diagnostic push
 #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wpmf-conversions"
   bool loop_overridden = (void *) (this->*(&Component::loop)) != (void *) (&Component::loop);
-  bool call_loop_overridden = (void *) (this->*(&Component::call_loop)) != (void *) (&Component::call_loop);
 #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+  return loop_overridden;
 #endif
-  return loop_overridden || call_loop_overridden;
 }
 
 PollingComponent::PollingComponent(uint32_t update_interval) : update_interval_(update_interval) {}
diff --git a/esphome/core/component.h b/esphome/core/component.h
index 6f7f77dbc1..d4dad3c9a6 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component.h
+++ b/esphome/core/component.h
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ class Component {
    * For example, i2c based components can check if the remote device is responding and otherwise
    * mark the component as failed. Eventually this will also enable smart status LEDs.
    */
-  virtual void mark_failed();
+  void mark_failed();
 
   // Remove before 2026.6.0
   ESPDEPRECATED("Use mark_failed(LOG_STR(\"static string literal\")) instead. Do NOT use .c_str() from temporary "
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ class Component {
  protected:
   friend class Application;
 
-  virtual void call_loop();
+  void call_loop_();
   virtual void call_setup();
   virtual void call_dump_config();
 

From 535980b9bd37ebf405a6305e34e980e3f16a5af6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2026 08:40:41 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 078/609] [cse7761] Use constexpr for compile-time constants
 (#14081)

---
 esphome/components/cse7761/cse7761.cpp | 38 +++++++++++++-------------
 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/cse7761/cse7761.cpp b/esphome/components/cse7761/cse7761.cpp
index 7c5ee833a4..f4966357d4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cse7761/cse7761.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/cse7761/cse7761.cpp
@@ -15,29 +15,29 @@ static const char *const TAG = "cse7761";
  * https://github.com/arendst/Tasmota/blob/development/tasmota/xnrg_19_cse7761.ino
 \*********************************************************************************************/
 
-static const int CSE7761_UREF = 42563;  // RmsUc
-static const int CSE7761_IREF = 52241;  // RmsIAC
-static const int CSE7761_PREF = 44513;  // PowerPAC
+static constexpr int CSE7761_UREF = 42563;  // RmsUc
+static constexpr int CSE7761_IREF = 52241;  // RmsIAC
+static constexpr int CSE7761_PREF = 44513;  // PowerPAC
 
-static const uint8_t CSE7761_REG_SYSCON = 0x00;     // (2) System Control Register (0x0A04)
-static const uint8_t CSE7761_REG_EMUCON = 0x01;     // (2) Metering control register (0x0000)
-static const uint8_t CSE7761_REG_EMUCON2 = 0x13;    // (2) Metering control register 2 (0x0001)
-static const uint8_t CSE7761_REG_PULSE1SEL = 0x1D;  // (2) Pin function output select register (0x3210)
+static constexpr uint8_t CSE7761_REG_SYSCON = 0x00;     // (2) System Control Register (0x0A04)
+static constexpr uint8_t CSE7761_REG_EMUCON = 0x01;     // (2) Metering control register (0x0000)
+static constexpr uint8_t CSE7761_REG_EMUCON2 = 0x13;    // (2) Metering control register 2 (0x0001)
+static constexpr uint8_t CSE7761_REG_PULSE1SEL = 0x1D;  // (2) Pin function output select register (0x3210)
 
-static const uint8_t CSE7761_REG_RMSIA = 0x24;      // (3) The effective value of channel A current (0x000000)
-static const uint8_t CSE7761_REG_RMSIB = 0x25;      // (3) The effective value of channel B current (0x000000)
-static const uint8_t CSE7761_REG_RMSU = 0x26;       // (3) Voltage RMS (0x000000)
-static const uint8_t CSE7761_REG_POWERPA = 0x2C;    // (4) Channel A active power, update rate 27.2Hz (0x00000000)
-static const uint8_t CSE7761_REG_POWERPB = 0x2D;    // (4) Channel B active power, update rate 27.2Hz (0x00000000)
-static const uint8_t CSE7761_REG_SYSSTATUS = 0x43;  // (1) System status register
+static constexpr uint8_t CSE7761_REG_RMSIA = 0x24;      // (3) The effective value of channel A current (0x000000)
+static constexpr uint8_t CSE7761_REG_RMSIB = 0x25;      // (3) The effective value of channel B current (0x000000)
+static constexpr uint8_t CSE7761_REG_RMSU = 0x26;       // (3) Voltage RMS (0x000000)
+static constexpr uint8_t CSE7761_REG_POWERPA = 0x2C;    // (4) Channel A active power, update rate 27.2Hz (0x00000000)
+static constexpr uint8_t CSE7761_REG_POWERPB = 0x2D;    // (4) Channel B active power, update rate 27.2Hz (0x00000000)
+static constexpr uint8_t CSE7761_REG_SYSSTATUS = 0x43;  // (1) System status register
 
-static const uint8_t CSE7761_REG_COEFFCHKSUM = 0x6F;  // (2) Coefficient checksum
-static const uint8_t CSE7761_REG_RMSIAC = 0x70;       // (2) Channel A effective current conversion coefficient
+static constexpr uint8_t CSE7761_REG_COEFFCHKSUM = 0x6F;  // (2) Coefficient checksum
+static constexpr uint8_t CSE7761_REG_RMSIAC = 0x70;       // (2) Channel A effective current conversion coefficient
 
-static const uint8_t CSE7761_SPECIAL_COMMAND = 0xEA;   // Start special command
-static const uint8_t CSE7761_CMD_RESET = 0x96;         // Reset command, after receiving the command, the chip resets
-static const uint8_t CSE7761_CMD_CLOSE_WRITE = 0xDC;   // Close write operation
-static const uint8_t CSE7761_CMD_ENABLE_WRITE = 0xE5;  // Enable write operation
+static constexpr uint8_t CSE7761_SPECIAL_COMMAND = 0xEA;  // Start special command
+static constexpr uint8_t CSE7761_CMD_RESET = 0x96;        // Reset command, after receiving the command, the chip resets
+static constexpr uint8_t CSE7761_CMD_CLOSE_WRITE = 0xDC;  // Close write operation
+static constexpr uint8_t CSE7761_CMD_ENABLE_WRITE = 0xE5;  // Enable write operation
 
 enum CSE7761 { RMS_IAC, RMS_IBC, RMS_UC, POWER_PAC, POWER_PBC, POWER_SC, ENERGY_AC, ENERGY_BC };
 

From 01a46f665f550085022bed7d994e043045f5553a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2026 09:42:22 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 079/609] Bump esptool from 5.1.0 to 5.2.0 (#14058)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 requirements.txt | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index 2e6268284a..be3445dceb 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ tzlocal==5.3.1    # from time
 tzdata>=2021.1  # from time
 pyserial==3.5
 platformio==6.1.19
-esptool==5.1.0
+esptool==5.2.0
 click==8.1.7
 esphome-dashboard==20260210.0
 aioesphomeapi==44.0.0

From b5a8e1c94cfa2d82c2e9b9241ae62c1abd7dd3a7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2026 09:06:46 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 080/609] [ci] Update lint message to recommend constexpr over
 static const (#14099)

---
 script/ci-custom.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/script/ci-custom.py b/script/ci-custom.py
index 8c405b04ae..231f587068 100755
--- a/script/ci-custom.py
+++ b/script/ci-custom.py
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ def highlight(s):
     ],
 )
 def lint_no_defines(fname, match):
-    s = highlight(f"static const uint8_t {match.group(1)} = {match.group(2)};")
+    s = highlight(f"static constexpr uint8_t {match.group(1)} = {match.group(2)};")
     return (
         "#define macros for integer constants are not allowed, please use "
         f"{s} style instead (replace uint8_t with the appropriate "

From 0484b2852dcf76161f5ae36d447e8d9e1cdad747 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2026 09:27:05 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 081/609] [e131] Fix E1.31 on ESP8266 and RP2040 by restoring
 WiFiUDP support (#14086)

---
 esphome/components/e131/e131.cpp        | 31 ++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 esphome/components/e131/e131.h          |  8 +++++++
 esphome/components/e131/e131_packet.cpp |  2 ++
 3 files changed, 40 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/e131/e131.cpp b/esphome/components/e131/e131.cpp
index 4187857901..941927122c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/e131/e131.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/e131/e131.cpp
@@ -14,12 +14,17 @@ static const int PORT = 5568;
 E131Component::E131Component() {}
 
 E131Component::~E131Component() {
+#if defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS) || defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS)
   if (this->socket_) {
     this->socket_->close();
   }
+#elif defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP)
+  this->udp_.stop();
+#endif
 }
 
 void E131Component::setup() {
+#if defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS) || defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS)
   this->socket_ = socket::socket_ip(SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_IP);
 
   int enable = 1;
@@ -50,6 +55,13 @@ void E131Component::setup() {
     this->mark_failed();
     return;
   }
+#elif defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP)
+  if (!this->udp_.begin(PORT)) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Cannot bind E1.31 to port %d.", PORT);
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+#endif
 
   join_igmp_groups_();
 }
@@ -59,19 +71,36 @@ void E131Component::loop() {
   int universe = 0;
   uint8_t buf[1460];
 
+#if defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS) || defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS)
   ssize_t len = this->socket_->read(buf, sizeof(buf));
   if (len == -1) {
     return;
   }
 
   if (!this->packet_(buf, (size_t) len, universe, packet)) {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Invalid packet received of size %zd.", len);
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Invalid packet received of size %d.", (int) len);
     return;
   }
 
   if (!this->process_(universe, packet)) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Ignored packet for %d universe of size %d.", universe, packet.count);
   }
+#elif defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP)
+  while (auto packet_size = this->udp_.parsePacket()) {
+    auto len = this->udp_.read(buf, sizeof(buf));
+    if (len <= 0)
+      continue;
+
+    if (!this->packet_(buf, (size_t) len, universe, packet)) {
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Invalid packet received of size %d.", (int) len);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (!this->process_(universe, packet)) {
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Ignored packet for %d universe of size %d.", universe, packet.count);
+    }
+  }
+#endif
 }
 
 void E131Component::add_effect(E131AddressableLightEffect *light_effect) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/e131/e131.h b/esphome/components/e131/e131.h
index d4b272eae2..72da9ddebe 100644
--- a/esphome/components/e131/e131.h
+++ b/esphome/components/e131/e131.h
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 #pragma once
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #ifdef USE_NETWORK
+#if defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS) || defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS)
 #include "esphome/components/socket/socket.h"
+#elif defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP)
+#include <WiFiUdp.h>
+#endif
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 
 #include <cinttypes>
@@ -45,7 +49,11 @@ class E131Component : public esphome::Component {
   void leave_(int universe);
 
   E131ListenMethod listen_method_{E131_MULTICAST};
+#if defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS) || defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS)
   std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket_;
+#elif defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP)
+  WiFiUDP udp_;
+#endif
   std::vector<E131AddressableLightEffect *> light_effects_;
   std::map<int, int> universe_consumers_;
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/e131/e131_packet.cpp b/esphome/components/e131/e131_packet.cpp
index ed081e5758..aa5c740454 100644
--- a/esphome/components/e131/e131_packet.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/e131/e131_packet.cpp
@@ -62,8 +62,10 @@ const size_t E131_MIN_PACKET_SIZE = reinterpret_cast<size_t>(&((E131RawPacket *)
 bool E131Component::join_igmp_groups_() {
   if (listen_method_ != E131_MULTICAST)
     return false;
+#if defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS) || defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS)
   if (this->socket_ == nullptr)
     return false;
+#endif
 
   for (auto universe : universe_consumers_) {
     if (!universe.second)

From 916cf0d8b7f945bb6e3ee30702469f22013b09c6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2026 09:28:00 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 082/609] [e131] Replace std::map with std::vector for universe
 tracking (#14087)

---
 esphome/components/e131/e131.h          |  9 ++++--
 esphome/components/e131/e131_packet.cpp | 39 ++++++++++++++++---------
 2 files changed, 33 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/e131/e131.h b/esphome/components/e131/e131.h
index 72da9ddebe..fee447b678 100644
--- a/esphome/components/e131/e131.h
+++ b/esphome/components/e131/e131.h
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 
 #include <cinttypes>
-#include <map>
 #include <memory>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -27,6 +26,11 @@ struct E131Packet {
   uint8_t values[E131_MAX_PROPERTY_VALUES_COUNT];
 };
 
+struct UniverseConsumer {
+  uint16_t universe;
+  uint16_t consumers;
+};
+
 class E131Component : public esphome::Component {
  public:
   E131Component();
@@ -45,6 +49,7 @@ class E131Component : public esphome::Component {
   bool packet_(const uint8_t *data, size_t len, int &universe, E131Packet &packet);
   bool process_(int universe, const E131Packet &packet);
   bool join_igmp_groups_();
+  UniverseConsumer *find_universe_(int universe);
   void join_(int universe);
   void leave_(int universe);
 
@@ -55,7 +60,7 @@ class E131Component : public esphome::Component {
   WiFiUDP udp_;
 #endif
   std::vector<E131AddressableLightEffect *> light_effects_;
-  std::map<int, int> universe_consumers_;
+  std::vector<UniverseConsumer> universe_consumers_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace e131
diff --git a/esphome/components/e131/e131_packet.cpp b/esphome/components/e131/e131_packet.cpp
index aa5c740454..b90e6d5c91 100644
--- a/esphome/components/e131/e131_packet.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/e131/e131_packet.cpp
@@ -60,19 +60,19 @@ union E131RawPacket {
 const size_t E131_MIN_PACKET_SIZE = reinterpret_cast<size_t>(&((E131RawPacket *) nullptr)->property_values[1]);
 
 bool E131Component::join_igmp_groups_() {
-  if (listen_method_ != E131_MULTICAST)
+  if (this->listen_method_ != E131_MULTICAST)
     return false;
 #if defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS) || defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS)
   if (this->socket_ == nullptr)
     return false;
 #endif
 
-  for (auto universe : universe_consumers_) {
-    if (!universe.second)
+  for (auto &entry : this->universe_consumers_) {
+    if (!entry.consumers)
       continue;
 
     ip4_addr_t multicast_addr =
-        network::IPAddress(239, 255, ((universe.first >> 8) & 0xff), ((universe.first >> 0) & 0xff));
+        network::IPAddress(239, 255, ((entry.universe >> 8) & 0xff), ((entry.universe >> 0) & 0xff));
 
     err_t err;
     {
@@ -81,34 +81,47 @@ bool E131Component::join_igmp_groups_() {
     }
 
     if (err) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "IGMP join for %d universe of E1.31 failed. Multicast might not work.", universe.first);
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "IGMP join for %d universe of E1.31 failed. Multicast might not work.", entry.universe);
     }
   }
 
   return true;
 }
 
+UniverseConsumer *E131Component::find_universe_(int universe) {
+  for (auto &entry : this->universe_consumers_) {
+    if (entry.universe == universe)
+      return &entry;
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
 void E131Component::join_(int universe) {
   // store only latest received packet for the given universe
-  auto consumers = ++universe_consumers_[universe];
-
-  if (consumers > 1) {
-    return;  // we already joined before
+  auto *consumer = this->find_universe_(universe);
+  if (consumer != nullptr) {
+    if (consumer->consumers++ > 0) {
+      return;  // we already joined before
+    }
+  } else {
+    this->universe_consumers_.push_back({static_cast<uint16_t>(universe), 1});
   }
 
-  if (join_igmp_groups_()) {
+  if (this->join_igmp_groups_()) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Joined %d universe for E1.31.", universe);
   }
 }
 
 void E131Component::leave_(int universe) {
-  auto consumers = --universe_consumers_[universe];
+  auto *consumer = this->find_universe_(universe);
+  if (consumer == nullptr)
+    return;
 
-  if (consumers > 0) {
+  if (--consumer->consumers > 0) {
     return;  // we have other consumers of the given universe
   }
 
-  if (listen_method_ == E131_MULTICAST) {
+  if (this->listen_method_ == E131_MULTICAST) {
     ip4_addr_t multicast_addr = network::IPAddress(239, 255, ((universe >> 8) & 0xff), ((universe >> 0) & 0xff));
 
     LwIPLock lock;

From a8171da0033ce797ef59125a69b270cfe35e36eb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2026 09:38:57 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 083/609] [web_server] Reduce set_json_id flash and stack usage
 (#14029)

---
 esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp | 46 ++++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
index a44a47379e..f352e5896c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ std::string WebServer::get_config_json() {
   json::JsonBuilder builder;
   JsonObject root = builder.root();
 
-  root[ESPHOME_F("title")] = App.get_friendly_name().empty() ? App.get_name() : App.get_friendly_name();
+  root[ESPHOME_F("title")] = App.get_friendly_name().empty() ? App.get_name().c_str() : App.get_friendly_name().c_str();
   char comment_buffer[ESPHOME_COMMENT_SIZE];
   App.get_comment_string(comment_buffer);
   root[ESPHOME_F("comment")] = comment_buffer;
@@ -513,21 +513,27 @@ static void set_json_id(JsonObject &root, EntityBase *obj, const char *prefix, J
   size_t device_len = device_name ? strlen(device_name) : 0;
 #endif
 
-  // Build id into stack buffer - ArduinoJson copies the string
-  // Format: {prefix}/{device?}/{name}
+  // Single stack buffer for both id formats - ArduinoJson copies the string before we overwrite
   // Buffer sizes use constants from entity_base.h validated in core/config.py
   // Note: Device name uses ESPHOME_FRIENDLY_NAME_MAX_LEN (sub-device max 120), not ESPHOME_DEVICE_NAME_MAX_LEN
   // (hostname)
+  // Without USE_DEVICES: legacy id ({prefix}-{object_id}) is the largest format
+  // With USE_DEVICES: name_id ({prefix}/{device}/{name}) is the largest format
+  static constexpr size_t LEGACY_ID_SIZE = ESPHOME_DOMAIN_MAX_LEN + 1 + OBJECT_ID_MAX_LEN;
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   static constexpr size_t ID_BUF_SIZE =
-      ESPHOME_DOMAIN_MAX_LEN + 1 + ESPHOME_FRIENDLY_NAME_MAX_LEN + 1 + ESPHOME_FRIENDLY_NAME_MAX_LEN + 1;
+      std::max(ESPHOME_DOMAIN_MAX_LEN + 1 + ESPHOME_FRIENDLY_NAME_MAX_LEN + 1 + ESPHOME_FRIENDLY_NAME_MAX_LEN + 1,
+               LEGACY_ID_SIZE);
 #else
-  static constexpr size_t ID_BUF_SIZE = ESPHOME_DOMAIN_MAX_LEN + 1 + ESPHOME_FRIENDLY_NAME_MAX_LEN + 1;
+  static constexpr size_t ID_BUF_SIZE =
+      std::max(ESPHOME_DOMAIN_MAX_LEN + 1 + ESPHOME_FRIENDLY_NAME_MAX_LEN + 1, LEGACY_ID_SIZE);
 #endif
   char id_buf[ID_BUF_SIZE];
-  char *p = id_buf;
-  memcpy(p, prefix, prefix_len);
-  p += prefix_len;
+  memcpy(id_buf, prefix, prefix_len);  // NOLINT(bugprone-not-null-terminated-result)
+
+  // name_id: new format {prefix}/{device?}/{name} - frontend should prefer this
+  // Remove in 2026.8.0 when id switches to new format permanently
+  char *p = id_buf + prefix_len;
   *p++ = '/';
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   if (device_name) {
@@ -538,31 +544,25 @@ static void set_json_id(JsonObject &root, EntityBase *obj, const char *prefix, J
 #endif
   memcpy(p, name.c_str(), name_len);
   p[name_len] = '\0';
-
-  // name_id: new format {prefix}/{device?}/{name} - frontend should prefer this
-  // Remove in 2026.8.0 when id switches to new format permanently
   root[ESPHOME_F("name_id")] = id_buf;
 
   // id: old format {prefix}-{object_id} for backward compatibility
-  // Will switch to new format in 2026.8.0
-  char legacy_buf[ESPHOME_DOMAIN_MAX_LEN + 1 + OBJECT_ID_MAX_LEN];
-  char *lp = legacy_buf;
-  memcpy(lp, prefix, prefix_len);
-  lp += prefix_len;
-  *lp++ = '-';
-  obj->write_object_id_to(lp, sizeof(legacy_buf) - (lp - legacy_buf));
-  root[ESPHOME_F("id")] = legacy_buf;
+  // Will switch to new format in 2026.8.0 - reuses prefix already in id_buf
+  id_buf[prefix_len] = '-';
+  obj->write_object_id_to(id_buf + prefix_len + 1, ID_BUF_SIZE - prefix_len - 1);
+  root[ESPHOME_F("id")] = id_buf;
 
   if (start_config == DETAIL_ALL) {
     root[ESPHOME_F("domain")] = prefix;
-    root[ESPHOME_F("name")] = name;
+    // Use .c_str() to avoid instantiating set<StringRef> template (saves ~24B)
+    root[ESPHOME_F("name")] = name.c_str();
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
     if (device_name) {
       root[ESPHOME_F("device")] = device_name;
     }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-    root[ESPHOME_F("icon")] = obj->get_icon_ref();
+    root[ESPHOME_F("icon")] = obj->get_icon_ref().c_str();
 #endif
     root[ESPHOME_F("entity_category")] = obj->get_entity_category();
     bool is_disabled = obj->is_disabled_by_default();
@@ -632,7 +632,7 @@ std::string WebServer::sensor_json_(sensor::Sensor *obj, float value, JsonDetail
   if (start_config == DETAIL_ALL) {
     this->add_sorting_info_(root, obj);
     if (!uom_ref.empty())
-      root[ESPHOME_F("uom")] = uom_ref;
+      root[ESPHOME_F("uom")] = uom_ref.c_str();
   }
 
   return builder.serialize();
@@ -1147,7 +1147,7 @@ std::string WebServer::number_json_(number::Number *obj, float value, JsonDetail
     root[ESPHOME_F("step")] = (value_accuracy_to_buf(val_buf, obj->traits.get_step(), accuracy), val_buf);
     root[ESPHOME_F("mode")] = (int) obj->traits.get_mode();
     if (!uom_ref.empty())
-      root[ESPHOME_F("uom")] = uom_ref;
+      root[ESPHOME_F("uom")] = uom_ref.c_str();
     this->add_sorting_info_(root, obj);
   }
 

From 5304750215a7be803d87bb9f059d43952fe084f6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2026 11:00:34 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 084/609] [socket] Fix IPv6 compilation error on host platform
 (#14101)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/socket/socket.cpp             | 10 ++++++++--
 tests/components/socket/common.yaml              | 11 +++++++++++
 tests/components/socket/test-ipv6.esp32-idf.yaml |  4 ++++
 tests/components/socket/test-ipv6.host.yaml      |  4 ++++
 tests/components/socket/test.esp32-idf.yaml      |  1 +
 tests/components/socket/test.host.yaml           |  3 +++
 6 files changed, 31 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/components/socket/common.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/components/socket/test-ipv6.esp32-idf.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/components/socket/test-ipv6.host.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/components/socket/test.esp32-idf.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/components/socket/test.host.yaml

diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/socket.cpp b/esphome/components/socket/socket.cpp
index 2fcc162ead..6154c497e0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/socket.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/socket.cpp
@@ -59,8 +59,14 @@ size_t format_sockaddr_to(const struct sockaddr *addr_ptr, socklen_t len, std::s
 #if USE_NETWORK_IPV6
   else if (addr_ptr->sa_family == AF_INET6 && len >= sizeof(sockaddr_in6)) {
     const auto *addr = reinterpret_cast<const struct sockaddr_in6 *>(addr_ptr);
-#ifndef USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP
-    // Format IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses as regular IPv4 (not supported on ESP8266 raw TCP)
+#ifdef USE_HOST
+    // Format IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses as regular IPv4 (POSIX layout, no LWIP union)
+    if (IN6_IS_ADDR_V4MAPPED(&addr->sin6_addr) &&
+        esphome_inet_ntop4(&addr->sin6_addr.s6_addr[12], buf.data(), buf.size()) != nullptr) {
+      return strlen(buf.data());
+    }
+#elif !defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP)
+    // Format IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses as regular IPv4 (LWIP layout)
     if (addr->sin6_addr.un.u32_addr[0] == 0 && addr->sin6_addr.un.u32_addr[1] == 0 &&
         addr->sin6_addr.un.u32_addr[2] == htonl(0xFFFF) &&
         esphome_inet_ntop4(&addr->sin6_addr.un.u32_addr[3], buf.data(), buf.size()) != nullptr) {
diff --git a/tests/components/socket/common.yaml b/tests/components/socket/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aaf49f1611
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/socket/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+substitutions:
+  network_enable_ipv6: "false"
+
+socket:
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+network:
+  enable_ipv6: ${network_enable_ipv6}
diff --git a/tests/components/socket/test-ipv6.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/socket/test-ipv6.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..da1324b17e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/socket/test-ipv6.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+substitutions:
+  network_enable_ipv6: "true"
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/socket/test-ipv6.host.yaml b/tests/components/socket/test-ipv6.host.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fdd52c574e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/socket/test-ipv6.host.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+socket:
+
+network:
+  enable_ipv6: true
diff --git a/tests/components/socket/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/socket/test.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dade44d145
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/socket/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/socket/test.host.yaml b/tests/components/socket/test.host.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e0c5d7cea3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/socket/test.host.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+socket:
+
+network:

From f7459670d34b47f66210eaaca7586be33f84205c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2026 10:10:22 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 085/609] [core] Optimize
 WarnIfComponentBlockingGuard::finish() hot path (#14040)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/core/component.cpp | 38 ++++++++++++++++++--------------------
 esphome/core/component.h   |  7 ++++---
 2 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/component.cpp b/esphome/core/component.cpp
index f283a69064..b458ea2a84 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/component.cpp
@@ -82,8 +82,8 @@ void store_component_error_message(const Component *component, const char *messa
 // setup_priority, component state, and status LED constants are now
 // constexpr in component.h
 
-const uint16_t WARN_IF_BLOCKING_OVER_MS = 50U;       ///< Initial blocking time allowed without warning
-const uint16_t WARN_IF_BLOCKING_INCREMENT_MS = 10U;  ///< How long the blocking time must be larger to warn again
+static constexpr uint16_t WARN_IF_BLOCKING_INCREMENT_MS =
+    10U;  ///< How long the blocking time must be larger to warn again
 
 float Component::get_loop_priority() const { return 0.0f; }
 
@@ -529,37 +529,35 @@ void PollingComponent::stop_poller() {
 uint32_t PollingComponent::get_update_interval() const { return this->update_interval_; }
 void PollingComponent::set_update_interval(uint32_t update_interval) { this->update_interval_ = update_interval; }
 
-WarnIfComponentBlockingGuard::WarnIfComponentBlockingGuard(Component *component, uint32_t start_time)
-    : started_(start_time), component_(component) {}
+static void __attribute__((noinline, cold)) warn_blocking(Component *component, uint32_t blocking_time) {
+  bool should_warn;
+  if (component != nullptr) {
+    should_warn = component->should_warn_of_blocking(blocking_time);
+  } else {
+    should_warn = true;  // Already checked > WARN_IF_BLOCKING_OVER_MS in caller
+  }
+  if (should_warn) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s took a long time for an operation (%" PRIu32 " ms), max is 30 ms",
+             component == nullptr ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("<null>") : LOG_STR_ARG(component->get_component_log_str()),
+             blocking_time);
+  }
+}
+
 uint32_t WarnIfComponentBlockingGuard::finish() {
   uint32_t curr_time = millis();
-
   uint32_t blocking_time = curr_time - this->started_;
-
 #ifdef USE_RUNTIME_STATS
   // Record component runtime stats
   if (global_runtime_stats != nullptr) {
     global_runtime_stats->record_component_time(this->component_, blocking_time, curr_time);
   }
 #endif
-  bool should_warn;
-  if (this->component_ != nullptr) {
-    should_warn = this->component_->should_warn_of_blocking(blocking_time);
-  } else {
-    should_warn = blocking_time > WARN_IF_BLOCKING_OVER_MS;
+  if (blocking_time > WARN_IF_BLOCKING_OVER_MS) {
+    warn_blocking(this->component_, blocking_time);
   }
-  if (should_warn) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s took a long time for an operation (%" PRIu32 " ms)",
-             component_ == nullptr ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("<null>") : LOG_STR_ARG(component_->get_component_log_str()),
-             blocking_time);
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Components should block for at most 30 ms");
-  }
-
   return curr_time;
 }
 
-WarnIfComponentBlockingGuard::~WarnIfComponentBlockingGuard() {}
-
 #ifdef USE_SETUP_PRIORITY_OVERRIDE
 void clear_setup_priority_overrides() {
   // Free the setup priority map completely
diff --git a/esphome/core/component.h b/esphome/core/component.h
index d4dad3c9a6..b99641a275 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component.h
+++ b/esphome/core/component.h
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ inline constexpr uint8_t STATUS_LED_ERROR = 0x10;
 // Remove before 2026.8.0
 enum class RetryResult { DONE, RETRY };
 
-extern const uint16_t WARN_IF_BLOCKING_OVER_MS;
+inline constexpr uint16_t WARN_IF_BLOCKING_OVER_MS = 50U;
 
 class Component {
  public:
@@ -550,12 +550,13 @@ class PollingComponent : public Component {
 
 class WarnIfComponentBlockingGuard {
  public:
-  WarnIfComponentBlockingGuard(Component *component, uint32_t start_time);
+  WarnIfComponentBlockingGuard(Component *component, uint32_t start_time)
+      : started_(start_time), component_(component) {}
 
   // Finish the timing operation and return the current time
   uint32_t finish();
 
-  ~WarnIfComponentBlockingGuard();
+  ~WarnIfComponentBlockingGuard() = default;
 
  protected:
   uint32_t started_;

From b11ad26c4f70050d1656200234b0642760bdea68 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kevin Ahrendt <kevin.ahrendt@openhomefoundation.org>
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2026 10:20:19 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 086/609] [audio] Support decoding audio directly from flash
 (#14098)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/audio/audio_decoder.cpp    | 102 ++++++++++--------
 esphome/components/audio/audio_decoder.h      |  26 +++--
 .../audio/audio_transfer_buffer.cpp           |  17 ++-
 .../components/audio/audio_transfer_buffer.h  |  67 +++++++++++-
 4 files changed, 159 insertions(+), 53 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/audio/audio_decoder.cpp b/esphome/components/audio/audio_decoder.cpp
index ee6d7d0a15..7794b5b0d3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio/audio_decoder.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/audio/audio_decoder.cpp
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ static const uint32_t READ_WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS = 20;  // Timeout for transferring a
 
 static const uint32_t MAX_POTENTIALLY_FAILED_COUNT = 10;
 
-AudioDecoder::AudioDecoder(size_t input_buffer_size, size_t output_buffer_size) {
-  this->input_transfer_buffer_ = AudioSourceTransferBuffer::create(input_buffer_size);
+AudioDecoder::AudioDecoder(size_t input_buffer_size, size_t output_buffer_size)
+    : input_buffer_size_(input_buffer_size) {
   this->output_transfer_buffer_ = AudioSinkTransferBuffer::create(output_buffer_size);
 }
 
@@ -29,11 +29,20 @@ AudioDecoder::~AudioDecoder() {
 }
 
 esp_err_t AudioDecoder::add_source(std::weak_ptr<RingBuffer> &input_ring_buffer) {
-  if (this->input_transfer_buffer_ != nullptr) {
-    this->input_transfer_buffer_->set_source(input_ring_buffer);
-    return ESP_OK;
+  auto source = AudioSourceTransferBuffer::create(this->input_buffer_size_);
+  if (source == nullptr) {
+    return ESP_ERR_NO_MEM;
   }
-  return ESP_ERR_NO_MEM;
+  source->set_source(input_ring_buffer);
+  this->input_buffer_ = std::move(source);
+  return ESP_OK;
+}
+
+esp_err_t AudioDecoder::add_source(const uint8_t *data_pointer, size_t length) {
+  auto source = make_unique<ConstAudioSourceBuffer>();
+  source->set_data(data_pointer, length);
+  this->input_buffer_ = std::move(source);
+  return ESP_OK;
 }
 
 esp_err_t AudioDecoder::add_sink(std::weak_ptr<RingBuffer> &output_ring_buffer) {
@@ -54,8 +63,16 @@ esp_err_t AudioDecoder::add_sink(speaker::Speaker *speaker) {
 }
 #endif
 
+esp_err_t AudioDecoder::add_sink(AudioSinkCallback *callback) {
+  if (this->output_transfer_buffer_ != nullptr) {
+    this->output_transfer_buffer_->set_sink(callback);
+    return ESP_OK;
+  }
+  return ESP_ERR_NO_MEM;
+}
+
 esp_err_t AudioDecoder::start(AudioFileType audio_file_type) {
-  if ((this->input_transfer_buffer_ == nullptr) || (this->output_transfer_buffer_ == nullptr)) {
+  if (this->output_transfer_buffer_ == nullptr) {
     return ESP_ERR_NO_MEM;
   }
 
@@ -112,6 +129,10 @@ esp_err_t AudioDecoder::start(AudioFileType audio_file_type) {
 }
 
 AudioDecoderState AudioDecoder::decode(bool stop_gracefully) {
+  if (this->input_buffer_ == nullptr) {
+    return AudioDecoderState::FAILED;
+  }
+
   if (stop_gracefully) {
     if (this->output_transfer_buffer_->available() == 0) {
       if (this->end_of_file_) {
@@ -119,7 +140,7 @@ AudioDecoderState AudioDecoder::decode(bool stop_gracefully) {
         return AudioDecoderState::FINISHED;
       }
 
-      if (!this->input_transfer_buffer_->has_buffered_data()) {
+      if (!this->input_buffer_->has_buffered_data()) {
         // If all the internal buffers are empty, the decoding is done
         return AudioDecoderState::FINISHED;
       }
@@ -170,10 +191,10 @@ AudioDecoderState AudioDecoder::decode(bool stop_gracefully) {
 
     // Only shift data on the first loop iteration to avoid unnecessary, slow moves
     // If the decoder buffers internally, then never shift
-    size_t bytes_read = this->input_transfer_buffer_->transfer_data_from_source(
-        pdMS_TO_TICKS(READ_WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS), first_loop_iteration && !this->decoder_buffers_internally_);
+    size_t bytes_read = this->input_buffer_->fill(pdMS_TO_TICKS(READ_WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS),
+                                                  first_loop_iteration && !this->decoder_buffers_internally_);
 
-    if (!first_loop_iteration && (this->input_transfer_buffer_->available() < bytes_processed)) {
+    if (!first_loop_iteration && (this->input_buffer_->available() < bytes_processed)) {
       // Less data is available than what was processed in last iteration, so don't attempt to decode.
       // This attempts to avoid the decoder from consistently trying to decode an incomplete frame. The transfer buffer
       // will shift the remaining data to the start and copy more from the source the next time the decode function is
@@ -181,19 +202,21 @@ AudioDecoderState AudioDecoder::decode(bool stop_gracefully) {
       break;
     }
 
-    bytes_available_before_processing = this->input_transfer_buffer_->available();
+    bytes_available_before_processing = this->input_buffer_->available();
 
     if ((this->potentially_failed_count_ > 0) && (bytes_read == 0)) {
       // Failed to decode in last attempt and there is no new data
 
-      if ((this->input_transfer_buffer_->free() == 0) && first_loop_iteration) {
-        // The input buffer is full. Since it previously failed on the exact same data, we can never recover
+      if ((this->input_buffer_->free() == 0) && first_loop_iteration) {
+        // The input buffer is full (or read-only, e.g. const flash source). Since it previously failed on the exact
+        // same data, we can never recover. For const sources this is correct: the entire file is already available, so
+        // a decode failure is genuine, not a transient out-of-data condition.
         state = FileDecoderState::FAILED;
       } else {
         // Attempt to get more data next time
         state = FileDecoderState::IDLE;
       }
-    } else if (this->input_transfer_buffer_->available() == 0) {
+    } else if (this->input_buffer_->available() == 0) {
       // No data to decode, attempt to get more data next time
       state = FileDecoderState::IDLE;
     } else {
@@ -224,7 +247,7 @@ AudioDecoderState AudioDecoder::decode(bool stop_gracefully) {
     }
 
     first_loop_iteration = false;
-    bytes_processed = bytes_available_before_processing - this->input_transfer_buffer_->available();
+    bytes_processed = bytes_available_before_processing - this->input_buffer_->available();
 
     if (state == FileDecoderState::POTENTIALLY_FAILED) {
       ++this->potentially_failed_count_;
@@ -243,8 +266,7 @@ AudioDecoderState AudioDecoder::decode(bool stop_gracefully) {
 FileDecoderState AudioDecoder::decode_flac_() {
   if (!this->audio_stream_info_.has_value()) {
     // Header hasn't been read
-    auto result = this->flac_decoder_->read_header(this->input_transfer_buffer_->get_buffer_start(),
-                                                   this->input_transfer_buffer_->available());
+    auto result = this->flac_decoder_->read_header(this->input_buffer_->data(), this->input_buffer_->available());
 
     if (result > esp_audio_libs::flac::FLAC_DECODER_HEADER_OUT_OF_DATA) {
       // Serrious error reading FLAC header, there is no recovery
@@ -252,7 +274,7 @@ FileDecoderState AudioDecoder::decode_flac_() {
     }
 
     size_t bytes_consumed = this->flac_decoder_->get_bytes_index();
-    this->input_transfer_buffer_->decrease_buffer_length(bytes_consumed);
+    this->input_buffer_->consume(bytes_consumed);
 
     if (result == esp_audio_libs::flac::FLAC_DECODER_HEADER_OUT_OF_DATA) {
       return FileDecoderState::MORE_TO_PROCESS;
@@ -273,8 +295,7 @@ FileDecoderState AudioDecoder::decode_flac_() {
   }
 
   uint32_t output_samples = 0;
-  auto result = this->flac_decoder_->decode_frame(this->input_transfer_buffer_->get_buffer_start(),
-                                                  this->input_transfer_buffer_->available(),
+  auto result = this->flac_decoder_->decode_frame(this->input_buffer_->data(), this->input_buffer_->available(),
                                                   this->output_transfer_buffer_->get_buffer_end(), &output_samples);
 
   if (result == esp_audio_libs::flac::FLAC_DECODER_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATA) {
@@ -283,7 +304,7 @@ FileDecoderState AudioDecoder::decode_flac_() {
   }
 
   size_t bytes_consumed = this->flac_decoder_->get_bytes_index();
-  this->input_transfer_buffer_->decrease_buffer_length(bytes_consumed);
+  this->input_buffer_->consume(bytes_consumed);
 
   if (result > esp_audio_libs::flac::FLAC_DECODER_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATA) {
     // Corrupted frame, don't retry with current buffer content, wait for new sync
@@ -305,26 +326,25 @@ FileDecoderState AudioDecoder::decode_flac_() {
 #ifdef USE_AUDIO_MP3_SUPPORT
 FileDecoderState AudioDecoder::decode_mp3_() {
   // Look for the next sync word
-  int buffer_length = (int) this->input_transfer_buffer_->available();
-  int32_t offset =
-      esp_audio_libs::helix_decoder::MP3FindSyncWord(this->input_transfer_buffer_->get_buffer_start(), buffer_length);
+  int buffer_length = (int) this->input_buffer_->available();
+  int32_t offset = esp_audio_libs::helix_decoder::MP3FindSyncWord(this->input_buffer_->data(), buffer_length);
 
   if (offset < 0) {
     // New data may have the sync word
-    this->input_transfer_buffer_->decrease_buffer_length(buffer_length);
+    this->input_buffer_->consume(buffer_length);
     return FileDecoderState::POTENTIALLY_FAILED;
   }
 
   // Advance read pointer to match the offset for the syncword
-  this->input_transfer_buffer_->decrease_buffer_length(offset);
-  const uint8_t *buffer_start = this->input_transfer_buffer_->get_buffer_start();
+  this->input_buffer_->consume(offset);
+  const uint8_t *buffer_start = this->input_buffer_->data();
 
-  buffer_length = (int) this->input_transfer_buffer_->available();
+  buffer_length = (int) this->input_buffer_->available();
   int err = esp_audio_libs::helix_decoder::MP3Decode(this->mp3_decoder_, &buffer_start, &buffer_length,
                                                      (int16_t *) this->output_transfer_buffer_->get_buffer_end(), 0);
 
-  size_t consumed = this->input_transfer_buffer_->available() - buffer_length;
-  this->input_transfer_buffer_->decrease_buffer_length(consumed);
+  size_t consumed = this->input_buffer_->available() - buffer_length;
+  this->input_buffer_->consume(consumed);
 
   if (err) {
     switch (err) {
@@ -363,9 +383,8 @@ FileDecoderState AudioDecoder::decode_opus_() {
   size_t bytes_consumed, samples_decoded;
 
   micro_opus::OggOpusResult result = this->opus_decoder_->decode(
-      this->input_transfer_buffer_->get_buffer_start(), this->input_transfer_buffer_->available(),
-      this->output_transfer_buffer_->get_buffer_end(), this->output_transfer_buffer_->free(), bytes_consumed,
-      samples_decoded);
+      this->input_buffer_->data(), this->input_buffer_->available(), this->output_transfer_buffer_->get_buffer_end(),
+      this->output_transfer_buffer_->free(), bytes_consumed, samples_decoded);
 
   if (result == micro_opus::OGG_OPUS_OK) {
     if (!processed_header && this->opus_decoder_->is_initialized()) {
@@ -379,7 +398,7 @@ FileDecoderState AudioDecoder::decode_opus_() {
       this->output_transfer_buffer_->increase_buffer_length(
           this->audio_stream_info_.value().frames_to_bytes(samples_decoded));
     }
-    this->input_transfer_buffer_->decrease_buffer_length(bytes_consumed);
+    this->input_buffer_->consume(bytes_consumed);
   } else if (result == micro_opus::OGG_OPUS_OUTPUT_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL) {
     // Reallocate to decode the packet on the next call
     this->free_buffer_required_ = this->opus_decoder_->get_required_output_buffer_size();
@@ -399,11 +418,11 @@ FileDecoderState AudioDecoder::decode_wav_() {
   if (!this->audio_stream_info_.has_value()) {
     // Header hasn't been processed
 
-    esp_audio_libs::wav_decoder::WAVDecoderResult result = this->wav_decoder_->decode_header(
-        this->input_transfer_buffer_->get_buffer_start(), this->input_transfer_buffer_->available());
+    esp_audio_libs::wav_decoder::WAVDecoderResult result =
+        this->wav_decoder_->decode_header(this->input_buffer_->data(), this->input_buffer_->available());
 
     if (result == esp_audio_libs::wav_decoder::WAV_DECODER_SUCCESS_IN_DATA) {
-      this->input_transfer_buffer_->decrease_buffer_length(this->wav_decoder_->bytes_processed());
+      this->input_buffer_->consume(this->wav_decoder_->bytes_processed());
 
       this->audio_stream_info_ = audio::AudioStreamInfo(
           this->wav_decoder_->bits_per_sample(), this->wav_decoder_->num_channels(), this->wav_decoder_->sample_rate());
@@ -419,7 +438,7 @@ FileDecoderState AudioDecoder::decode_wav_() {
     }
   } else {
     if (!this->wav_has_known_end_ || (this->wav_bytes_left_ > 0)) {
-      size_t bytes_to_copy = this->input_transfer_buffer_->available();
+      size_t bytes_to_copy = this->input_buffer_->available();
 
       if (this->wav_has_known_end_) {
         bytes_to_copy = std::min(bytes_to_copy, this->wav_bytes_left_);
@@ -428,9 +447,8 @@ FileDecoderState AudioDecoder::decode_wav_() {
       bytes_to_copy = std::min(bytes_to_copy, this->output_transfer_buffer_->free());
 
       if (bytes_to_copy > 0) {
-        std::memcpy(this->output_transfer_buffer_->get_buffer_end(), this->input_transfer_buffer_->get_buffer_start(),
-                    bytes_to_copy);
-        this->input_transfer_buffer_->decrease_buffer_length(bytes_to_copy);
+        std::memcpy(this->output_transfer_buffer_->get_buffer_end(), this->input_buffer_->data(), bytes_to_copy);
+        this->input_buffer_->consume(bytes_to_copy);
         this->output_transfer_buffer_->increase_buffer_length(bytes_to_copy);
         if (this->wav_has_known_end_) {
           this->wav_bytes_left_ -= bytes_to_copy;
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio/audio_decoder.h b/esphome/components/audio/audio_decoder.h
index cad16110ae..726baa289e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio/audio_decoder.h
+++ b/esphome/components/audio/audio_decoder.h
@@ -50,12 +50,12 @@ enum class FileDecoderState : uint8_t {
 class AudioDecoder {
   /*
    * @brief Class that facilitates decoding an audio file.
-   * The audio file is read from a ring buffer source, decoded, and sent to an audio sink (ring buffer or speaker
-   * component).
+   * The audio file is read from a source (ring buffer or const data pointer), decoded, and sent to an audio sink
+   * (ring buffer, speaker component, or callback).
    * Supports wav, flac, mp3, and ogg opus formats.
    */
  public:
-  /// @brief Allocates the input and output transfer buffers
+  /// @brief Allocates the output transfer buffer and stores the input buffer size for later use by add_source()
   /// @param input_buffer_size Size of the input transfer buffer in bytes.
   /// @param output_buffer_size Size of the output transfer buffer in bytes.
   AudioDecoder(size_t input_buffer_size, size_t output_buffer_size);
@@ -80,6 +80,17 @@ class AudioDecoder {
   esp_err_t add_sink(speaker::Speaker *speaker);
 #endif
 
+  /// @brief Adds a const data pointer as the source for raw file data. Does not allocate a transfer buffer.
+  /// @param data_pointer Pointer to the const audio data (e.g., stored in flash memory)
+  /// @param length Size of the data in bytes
+  /// @return ESP_OK
+  esp_err_t add_source(const uint8_t *data_pointer, size_t length);
+
+  /// @brief Adds a callback as the sink for decoded audio.
+  /// @param callback Pointer to the AudioSinkCallback implementation
+  /// @return ESP_OK if successful, ESP_ERR_NO_MEM if the transfer buffer wasn't allocated
+  esp_err_t add_sink(AudioSinkCallback *callback);
+
   /// @brief Sets up decoding the file
   /// @param audio_file_type AudioFileType of the file
   /// @return ESP_OK if successful, ESP_ERR_NO_MEM if the transfer buffers fail to allocate, or ESP_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED if
@@ -120,25 +131,26 @@ class AudioDecoder {
 #endif
   FileDecoderState decode_wav_();
 
-  std::unique_ptr<AudioSourceTransferBuffer> input_transfer_buffer_;
+  std::unique_ptr<AudioReadableBuffer> input_buffer_;
   std::unique_ptr<AudioSinkTransferBuffer> output_transfer_buffer_;
 
   AudioFileType audio_file_type_{AudioFileType::NONE};
   optional<AudioStreamInfo> audio_stream_info_{};
 
+  size_t input_buffer_size_{0};
   size_t free_buffer_required_{0};
   size_t wav_bytes_left_{0};
 
   uint32_t potentially_failed_count_{0};
+  uint32_t accumulated_frames_written_{0};
+  uint32_t playback_ms_{0};
+
   bool end_of_file_{false};
   bool wav_has_known_end_{false};
 
   bool decoder_buffers_internally_{false};
 
   bool pause_output_{false};
-
-  uint32_t accumulated_frames_written_{0};
-  uint32_t playback_ms_{0};
 };
 }  // namespace audio
 }  // namespace esphome
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio/audio_transfer_buffer.cpp b/esphome/components/audio/audio_transfer_buffer.cpp
index a8be55d62f..5cd7cf9e63 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio/audio_transfer_buffer.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/audio/audio_transfer_buffer.cpp
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ size_t AudioSourceTransferBuffer::transfer_data_from_source(TickType_t ticks_to_
     this->data_start_ = this->buffer_;
   }
 
-  size_t bytes_to_read = this->free();
+  size_t bytes_to_read = AudioTransferBuffer::free();
   size_t bytes_read = 0;
   if (bytes_to_read > 0) {
     if (this->ring_buffer_.use_count() > 0) {
@@ -193,6 +193,21 @@ bool AudioSinkTransferBuffer::has_buffered_data() const {
   return (this->available() > 0);
 }
 
+size_t AudioSourceTransferBuffer::free() const { return AudioTransferBuffer::free(); }
+
+bool AudioSourceTransferBuffer::has_buffered_data() const { return AudioTransferBuffer::has_buffered_data(); }
+
+void ConstAudioSourceBuffer::set_data(const uint8_t *data, size_t length) {
+  this->data_start_ = data;
+  this->length_ = length;
+}
+
+void ConstAudioSourceBuffer::consume(size_t bytes) {
+  bytes = std::min(bytes, this->length_);
+  this->length_ -= bytes;
+  this->data_start_ += bytes;
+}
+
 }  // namespace audio
 }  // namespace esphome
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio/audio_transfer_buffer.h b/esphome/components/audio/audio_transfer_buffer.h
index 22c22cc9ae..c32d4d0e41 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio/audio_transfer_buffer.h
+++ b/esphome/components/audio/audio_transfer_buffer.h
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ class AudioTransferBuffer {
   /// @brief Destructor that deallocates the transfer buffer
   ~AudioTransferBuffer();
 
-  /// @brief Returns a pointer to the start of the transfer buffer where available() bytes of exisiting data can be read
+  /// @brief Returns a pointer to the start of the transfer buffer where available() bytes of existing data can be read
   uint8_t *get_buffer_start() const { return this->data_start_; }
 
   /// @brief Returns a pointer to the end of the transfer buffer where free() bytes of new data can be written
@@ -129,10 +129,41 @@ class AudioSinkTransferBuffer : public AudioTransferBuffer {
   AudioSinkCallback *sink_callback_{nullptr};
 };
 
-class AudioSourceTransferBuffer : public AudioTransferBuffer {
+/// @brief Abstract interface for reading audio data from a buffer.
+/// Provides a common read interface for both mutable transfer buffers and read-only const buffers.
+class AudioReadableBuffer {
+ public:
+  virtual ~AudioReadableBuffer() = default;
+
+  /// @brief Returns a pointer to the start of readable data
+  virtual const uint8_t *data() const = 0;
+
+  /// @brief Returns the number of bytes available to read
+  virtual size_t available() const = 0;
+
+  /// @brief Returns the number of free bytes available to write. Defaults to 0 for read-only buffers.
+  virtual size_t free() const { return 0; }
+
+  /// @brief Advances past consumed data
+  /// @param bytes Number of bytes consumed
+  virtual void consume(size_t bytes) = 0;
+
+  /// @brief Tests if there is any buffered data
+  virtual bool has_buffered_data() const = 0;
+
+  /// @brief Refills the buffer from its source. No-op by default for read-only buffers.
+  /// @param ticks_to_wait FreeRTOS ticks to block while waiting for data
+  /// @param pre_shift If true, shifts existing data to the start of the buffer before reading
+  /// @return Number of bytes read
+  virtual size_t fill(TickType_t ticks_to_wait, bool pre_shift) { return 0; }
+  size_t fill(TickType_t ticks_to_wait) { return this->fill(ticks_to_wait, true); }
+};
+
+class AudioSourceTransferBuffer : public AudioTransferBuffer, public AudioReadableBuffer {
   /*
    * @brief A class that implements a transfer buffer for audio sources.
    * Supports reading audio data from a ring buffer into the transfer buffer for processing.
+   * Implements AudioReadableBuffer for use by consumers that only need read access.
    */
  public:
   /// @brief Creates a new source transfer buffer.
@@ -140,7 +171,7 @@ class AudioSourceTransferBuffer : public AudioTransferBuffer {
   /// @return unique_ptr if successfully allocated, nullptr otherwise
   static std::unique_ptr<AudioSourceTransferBuffer> create(size_t buffer_size);
 
-  /// @brief Reads any available data from the sink into the transfer buffer.
+  /// @brief Reads any available data from the source into the transfer buffer.
   /// @param ticks_to_wait FreeRTOS ticks to block while waiting for the source to have enough data
   /// @param pre_shift If true, any unwritten data is moved to the start of the buffer before transferring from the
   ///                  source. Defaults to true.
@@ -150,6 +181,36 @@ class AudioSourceTransferBuffer : public AudioTransferBuffer {
   /// @brief Adds a ring buffer as the transfer buffer's source.
   /// @param ring_buffer weak_ptr to the allocated ring buffer
   void set_source(const std::weak_ptr<RingBuffer> &ring_buffer) { this->ring_buffer_ = ring_buffer.lock(); };
+
+  // AudioReadableBuffer interface
+  const uint8_t *data() const override { return this->data_start_; }
+  size_t available() const override { return this->buffer_length_; }
+  size_t free() const override;
+  void consume(size_t bytes) override { this->decrease_buffer_length(bytes); }
+  bool has_buffered_data() const override;
+  size_t fill(TickType_t ticks_to_wait, bool pre_shift) override {
+    return this->transfer_data_from_source(ticks_to_wait, pre_shift);
+  }
+};
+
+/// @brief A lightweight read-only audio buffer for const data sources (e.g., flash memory).
+/// Does not allocate memory or transfer data from external sources.
+class ConstAudioSourceBuffer : public AudioReadableBuffer {
+ public:
+  /// @brief Sets the data pointer and length for the buffer
+  /// @param data Pointer to the const audio data
+  /// @param length Size of the data in bytes
+  void set_data(const uint8_t *data, size_t length);
+
+  // AudioReadableBuffer interface
+  const uint8_t *data() const override { return this->data_start_; }
+  size_t available() const override { return this->length_; }
+  void consume(size_t bytes) override;
+  bool has_buffered_data() const override { return this->length_ > 0; }
+
+ protected:
+  const uint8_t *data_start_{nullptr};
+  size_t length_{0};
 };
 
 }  // namespace audio

From bd50b80882d990855561216548965d4c01aad9fd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2026 11:34:40 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 087/609] [opentherm] Remove deprecated opentherm_version
 config option (#14103)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/opentherm/__init__.py | 10 ----------
 1 file changed, 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/opentherm/__init__.py b/esphome/components/opentherm/__init__.py
index dddb9dc891..36f85a9766 100644
--- a/esphome/components/opentherm/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/opentherm/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import logging
 from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import automation, pins
@@ -24,7 +23,6 @@ CONF_CH2_ACTIVE = "ch2_active"
 CONF_SUMMER_MODE_ACTIVE = "summer_mode_active"
 CONF_DHW_BLOCK = "dhw_block"
 CONF_SYNC_MODE = "sync_mode"
-CONF_OPENTHERM_VERSION = "opentherm_version"  # Deprecated, will be removed
 CONF_BEFORE_SEND = "before_send"
 CONF_BEFORE_PROCESS_RESPONSE = "before_process_response"
 
@@ -38,8 +36,6 @@ BeforeProcessResponseTrigger = generate.opentherm_ns.class_(
     automation.Trigger.template(generate.OpenthermData.operator("ref")),
 )
 
-_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.Schema(
         {
@@ -54,7 +50,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.Optional(CONF_SUMMER_MODE_ACTIVE, False): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(CONF_DHW_BLOCK, False): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(CONF_SYNC_MODE, False): cv.boolean,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_OPENTHERM_VERSION): cv.positive_float,  # Deprecated
             cv.Optional(CONF_BEFORE_SEND): automation.validate_automation(
                 {
                     cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(BeforeSendTrigger),
@@ -123,11 +118,6 @@ async def to_code(config: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
             cg.add(getattr(var, f"set_{key}_{const.SETTING}")(value))
             settings.append(key)
         else:
-            if key == CONF_OPENTHERM_VERSION:
-                _LOGGER.warning(
-                    "opentherm_version is deprecated and will be removed in esphome 2025.2.0\n"
-                    "Please change to 'opentherm_version_controller'."
-                )
             cg.add(getattr(var, f"set_{key}")(value))
 
     if len(input_sensors) > 0:

From bf2e22da4f7ebf660d517f27702500a67d11ea9b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2026 11:55:03 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 088/609] [esp32] Remove deprecated add_idf_component()
 parameters and IDF component refresh option (#14105)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py | 68 ++++++----------------------
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 54 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
index 8b3e1afea6..b1b3f0dc16 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_PLATFORM_VERSION,
     CONF_PLATFORMIO_OPTIONS,
     CONF_REF,
-    CONF_REFRESH,
     CONF_SAFE_MODE,
     CONF_SOURCE,
     CONF_TYPE,
@@ -41,7 +40,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ThreadModel,
     __version__,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, HexInt, TimePeriod
+from esphome.core import CORE, HexInt
 from esphome.coroutine import CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
 from esphome.helpers import copy_file_if_changed, rmtree, write_file_if_changed
@@ -499,49 +498,24 @@ def add_idf_component(
     repo: str | None = None,
     ref: str | None = None,
     path: str | None = None,
-    refresh: TimePeriod | None = None,
-    components: list[str] | None = None,
-    submodules: list[str] | None = None,
 ):
     """Add an esp-idf component to the project."""
     if not repo and not ref and not path:
         raise ValueError("Requires at least one of repo, ref or path")
-    if refresh or submodules or components:
-        _LOGGER.warning(
-            "The refresh, components and submodules parameters in add_idf_component() are "
-            "deprecated and will be removed in ESPHome 2026.1. If you are seeing this, report "
-            "an issue to the external_component author and ask them to update it."
-        )
     components_registry = CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_COMPONENTS]
-    if components:
-        for comp in components:
-            existing = components_registry.get(comp)
-            if existing and existing.get(KEY_REF) != ref:
-                _LOGGER.warning(
-                    "IDF component %s version conflict %s replaced by %s",
-                    comp,
-                    existing.get(KEY_REF),
-                    ref,
-                )
-            components_registry[comp] = {
-                KEY_REPO: repo,
-                KEY_REF: ref,
-                KEY_PATH: f"{path}/{comp}" if path else comp,
-            }
-    else:
-        existing = components_registry.get(name)
-        if existing and existing.get(KEY_REF) != ref:
-            _LOGGER.warning(
-                "IDF component %s version conflict %s replaced by %s",
-                name,
-                existing.get(KEY_REF),
-                ref,
-            )
-        components_registry[name] = {
-            KEY_REPO: repo,
-            KEY_REF: ref,
-            KEY_PATH: path,
-        }
+    existing = components_registry.get(name)
+    if existing and existing.get(KEY_REF) != ref:
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "IDF component %s version conflict %s replaced by %s",
+            name,
+            existing.get(KEY_REF),
+            ref,
+        )
+    components_registry[name] = {
+        KEY_REPO: repo,
+        KEY_REF: ref,
+        KEY_PATH: path,
+    }
 
 
 def exclude_builtin_idf_component(name: str) -> None:
@@ -1037,16 +1011,6 @@ def _parse_idf_component(value: str) -> ConfigType:
     )
 
 
-def _validate_idf_component(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
-    """Validate IDF component config and warn about deprecated options."""
-    if CONF_REFRESH in config:
-        _LOGGER.warning(
-            "The 'refresh' option for IDF components is deprecated and has no effect. "
-            "It will be removed in ESPHome 2026.1. Please remove it from your configuration."
-        )
-    return config
-
-
 FRAMEWORK_ESP_IDF = "esp-idf"
 FRAMEWORK_ARDUINO = "arduino"
 FRAMEWORK_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
@@ -1135,13 +1099,9 @@ FRAMEWORK_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
                             cv.Optional(CONF_SOURCE): cv.git_ref,
                             cv.Optional(CONF_REF): cv.string,
                             cv.Optional(CONF_PATH): cv.string,
-                            cv.Optional(CONF_REFRESH): cv.All(
-                                cv.string, cv.source_refresh
-                            ),
                         }
                     ),
                 ),
-                _validate_idf_component,
             )
         ),
     }

From ed74790eed87afff0f252fb2330dceb9b1a293de Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2026 11:56:06 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 089/609] [i2c] Remove deprecated stop parameter overloads and
 readv/writev methods (#14106)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h     | 31 -----------------
 esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus.h | 58 --------------------------------
 2 files changed, 89 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h b/esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h
index 48a6e751cf..aab98d5f46 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h
+++ b/esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h
@@ -267,37 +267,6 @@ class I2CDevice {
 
   bool write_byte_16(uint8_t a_register, uint16_t data) const { return write_bytes_16(a_register, &data, 1); }
 
-  // Deprecated functions
-
-  ESPDEPRECATED("The stop argument is no longer used. This will be removed from ESPHome 2026.3.0", "2025.9.0")
-  ErrorCode read_register(uint8_t a_register, uint8_t *data, size_t len, bool stop) {
-    return this->read_register(a_register, data, len);
-  }
-
-  ESPDEPRECATED("The stop argument is no longer used. This will be removed from ESPHome 2026.3.0", "2025.9.0")
-  ErrorCode read_register16(uint16_t a_register, uint8_t *data, size_t len, bool stop) {
-    return this->read_register16(a_register, data, len);
-  }
-
-  ESPDEPRECATED("The stop argument is no longer used; use write_read() for consecutive write and read. This will be "
-                "removed from ESPHome 2026.3.0",
-                "2025.9.0")
-  ErrorCode write(const uint8_t *data, size_t len, bool stop) const { return this->write(data, len); }
-
-  ESPDEPRECATED("The stop argument is no longer used; use write_read() for consecutive write and read. This will be "
-                "removed from ESPHome 2026.3.0",
-                "2025.9.0")
-  ErrorCode write_register(uint8_t a_register, const uint8_t *data, size_t len, bool stop) const {
-    return this->write_register(a_register, data, len);
-  }
-
-  ESPDEPRECATED("The stop argument is no longer used; use write_read() for consecutive write and read. This will be "
-                "removed from ESPHome 2026.3.0",
-                "2025.9.0")
-  ErrorCode write_register16(uint16_t a_register, const uint8_t *data, size_t len, bool stop) const {
-    return this->write_register16(a_register, data, len);
-  }
-
  protected:
   uint8_t address_{0x00};  ///< store the address of the device on the bus
   I2CBus *bus_{nullptr};   ///< pointer to I2CBus instance
diff --git a/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus.h b/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus.h
index 3de5d5ca7b..2bc0dc1ef9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus.h
+++ b/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus.h
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <cstdint>
-#include <cstring>
-#include <memory>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -24,18 +22,6 @@ enum ErrorCode {
   ERROR_CRC = 7,               ///< bytes received with a CRC error
 };
 
-/// @brief the ReadBuffer structure stores a pointer to a read buffer and its length
-struct ReadBuffer {
-  uint8_t *data;  ///< pointer to the read buffer
-  size_t len;     ///< length of the buffer
-};
-
-/// @brief the WriteBuffer structure stores a pointer to a write buffer and its length
-struct WriteBuffer {
-  const uint8_t *data;  ///< pointer to the write buffer
-  size_t len;           ///< length of the buffer
-};
-
 /// @brief This Class provides the methods to read and write bytes from an I2CBus.
 /// @note The I2CBus virtual class follows a *Factory design pattern* that provides all the interfaces methods required
 /// by clients while deferring the actual implementation of these methods to a subclasses. I2C-bus specification and
@@ -68,50 +54,6 @@ class I2CBus {
     return this->write_readv(address, buffer, len, nullptr, 0);
   }
 
-  ESPDEPRECATED("This method is deprecated and will be removed in ESPHome 2026.3.0. Use write_readv() instead.",
-                "2025.9.0")
-  ErrorCode readv(uint8_t address, ReadBuffer *read_buffers, size_t count) {
-    size_t total_len = 0;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i != count; i++) {
-      total_len += read_buffers[i].len;
-    }
-
-    SmallBufferWithHeapFallback<128> buffer_alloc(total_len);  // Most I2C reads are small
-    uint8_t *buffer = buffer_alloc.get();
-
-    auto err = this->write_readv(address, nullptr, 0, buffer, total_len);
-    if (err != ERROR_OK)
-      return err;
-    size_t pos = 0;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i != count; i++) {
-      if (read_buffers[i].len != 0) {
-        std::memcpy(read_buffers[i].data, buffer + pos, read_buffers[i].len);
-        pos += read_buffers[i].len;
-      }
-    }
-    return ERROR_OK;
-  }
-
-  ESPDEPRECATED("This method is deprecated and will be removed in ESPHome 2026.3.0. Use write_readv() instead.",
-                "2025.9.0")
-  ErrorCode writev(uint8_t address, const WriteBuffer *write_buffers, size_t count, bool stop = true) {
-    size_t total_len = 0;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i != count; i++) {
-      total_len += write_buffers[i].len;
-    }
-
-    SmallBufferWithHeapFallback<128> buffer_alloc(total_len);  // Most I2C writes are small
-    uint8_t *buffer = buffer_alloc.get();
-
-    size_t pos = 0;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i != count; i++) {
-      std::memcpy(buffer + pos, write_buffers[i].data, write_buffers[i].len);
-      pos += write_buffers[i].len;
-    }
-
-    return this->write_readv(address, buffer, total_len, nullptr, 0);
-  }
-
  protected:
   /// @brief Scans the I2C bus for devices. Devices presence is kept in an array of std::pair
   /// that contains the address and the corresponding bool presence flag.

From d2026b4cd74bbeb9b86941bf1887f3d93d639387 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kevin Ahrendt <kevin.ahrendt@openhomefoundation.org>
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2026 10:56:34 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 090/609] [audio] Disable FLAC CRC validation to improve
 decoding efficiency (#14108)

---
 esphome/components/audio/audio_decoder.cpp | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/audio/audio_decoder.cpp b/esphome/components/audio/audio_decoder.cpp
index 7794b5b0d3..bc05bc0006 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio/audio_decoder.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/audio/audio_decoder.cpp
@@ -85,6 +85,10 @@ esp_err_t AudioDecoder::start(AudioFileType audio_file_type) {
 #ifdef USE_AUDIO_FLAC_SUPPORT
     case AudioFileType::FLAC:
       this->flac_decoder_ = make_unique<esp_audio_libs::flac::FLACDecoder>();
+      // CRC check slows down decoding by 15-20% on an ESP32-S3. FLAC sources in ESPHome are either from an http source
+      // or built into the firmware, so the data integrity is already verified by the time it gets to the decoder,
+      // making the CRC check unnecessary.
+      this->flac_decoder_->set_crc_check_enabled(false);
       this->free_buffer_required_ =
           this->output_transfer_buffer_->capacity();  // Adjusted and reallocated after reading the header
       break;

From da616e05574af7216a3b5668ab1d2d0e3dce0ca1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2026 12:00:05 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 091/609] [ethernet] Improve clk_mode deprecation warning with
 actionable YAML (#14104)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/ethernet/__init__.py | 15 +++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ethernet/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ethernet/__init__.py
index 52f5f44d41..935d2004d4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ethernet/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ethernet/__init__.py
@@ -218,12 +218,19 @@ def _validate(config):
                 )
     elif config[CONF_TYPE] != "OPENETH":
         if CONF_CLK_MODE in config:
+            mode, pin = CLK_MODES_DEPRECATED[config[CONF_CLK_MODE]]
             LOGGER.warning(
-                "[ethernet] The 'clk_mode' option is deprecated and will be removed in ESPHome 2026.1. "
-                "Please update your configuration to use 'clk' instead."
+                "[ethernet] The 'clk_mode' option is deprecated. "
+                "Please replace 'clk_mode: %s' with:\n"
+                "  clk:\n"
+                "    mode: %s\n"
+                "    pin: %s\n"
+                "Removal scheduled for 2026.7.0.",
+                config[CONF_CLK_MODE],
+                mode,
+                pin,
             )
-            mode = CLK_MODES_DEPRECATED[config[CONF_CLK_MODE]]
-            config[CONF_CLK] = CLK_SCHEMA({CONF_MODE: mode[0], CONF_PIN: mode[1]})
+            config[CONF_CLK] = CLK_SCHEMA({CONF_MODE: mode, CONF_PIN: pin})
             del config[CONF_CLK_MODE]
         elif CONF_CLK not in config:
             raise cv.Invalid("'clk' is a required option for [ethernet].")

From 9aa17984df3a0766c18c02ed60f4575ba69a7fb9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2026 12:25:26 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 092/609] [pulse_counter] Fix build failure when use_pcnt is
 false (#14111)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .../components/pulse_counter/pulse_counter_sensor.h    |  4 ++--
 .../pulse_counter/test-no-pcnt.esp32-idf.yaml          | 10 ++++++++++
 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/components/pulse_counter/test-no-pcnt.esp32-idf.yaml

diff --git a/esphome/components/pulse_counter/pulse_counter_sensor.h b/esphome/components/pulse_counter/pulse_counter_sensor.h
index a7913d5d66..7a68858099 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pulse_counter/pulse_counter_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/pulse_counter/pulse_counter_sensor.h
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@
 
 #if defined(USE_ESP32)
 #include <soc/soc_caps.h>
-#ifdef SOC_PCNT_SUPPORTED
+#if defined(SOC_PCNT_SUPPORTED) && __has_include(<driver/pulse_cnt.h>)
 #include <driver/pulse_cnt.h>
 #define HAS_PCNT
-#endif  // SOC_PCNT_SUPPORTED
+#endif  // defined(SOC_PCNT_SUPPORTED) && __has_include(<driver/pulse_cnt.h>)
 #endif  // USE_ESP32
 
 namespace esphome {
diff --git a/tests/components/pulse_counter/test-no-pcnt.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/pulse_counter/test-no-pcnt.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cd15cc781d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/pulse_counter/test-no-pcnt.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: pulse_counter
+    name: Pulse Counter
+    pin: 4
+    use_pcnt: false
+    count_mode:
+      rising_edge: INCREMENT
+      falling_edge: DECREMENT
+    internal_filter: 13us
+    update_interval: 15s

From 7a5c3cee0d0f3fd77423438f036e8b6596a3246b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2026 11:41:00 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 093/609] [esp32_ble] Enable CONFIG_BT_RELEASE_IRAM on ESP32-C2
 (#14109)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py          | 10 ++++++++++
 tests/components/esp32_ble/test.esp32-c2-idf.yaml |  5 +++++
 2 files changed, 15 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tests/components/esp32_ble/test.esp32-c2-idf.yaml

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py
index dcc3ce71cf..d2020ada22 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import socket
 from esphome.components.esp32 import add_idf_sdkconfig_option, const, get_esp32_variant
+from esphome.components.esp32.const import VARIANT_ESP32C2
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ENABLE_ON_BOOT,
@@ -387,6 +388,15 @@ def final_validation(config):
                 f"Name '{name}' is too long, maximum length is {max_length} characters"
             )
 
+    # ESP32-C2 has very limited RAM (~272KB). Without releasing BLE IRAM,
+    # esp_bt_controller_init fails with ESP_ERR_NO_MEM.
+    # CONFIG_BT_RELEASE_IRAM changes the memory layout so IRAM and DRAM share
+    # space more flexibly, giving the BT controller enough contiguous memory.
+    # This requires CONFIG_ESP_SYSTEM_PMP_IDRAM_SPLIT to be disabled.
+    if get_esp32_variant() == VARIANT_ESP32C2:
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_BT_RELEASE_IRAM", True)
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ESP_SYSTEM_PMP_IDRAM_SPLIT", False)
+
     # Set GATT Client/Server sdkconfig options based on which components are loaded
     full_config = fv.full_config.get()
 
diff --git a/tests/components/esp32_ble/test.esp32-c2-idf.yaml b/tests/components/esp32_ble/test.esp32-c2-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f8defaf28f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/esp32_ble/test.esp32-c2-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<<: !include common.yaml
+
+esp32_ble:
+  io_capability: keyboard_only
+  disable_bt_logs: false

From f2c98d612607d61c483d08cc77e92795af85c131 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2026 12:45:04 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 094/609] [safe_mode] Log brownout as reset reason on OTA
 rollback (#14113)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.cpp | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.cpp b/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.cpp
index f32511531a..6cae4bf9d5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.cpp
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 
 #if defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_OTA_ROLLBACK)
 #include <esp_ota_ops.h>
+#include <esp_system.h>
 #endif
 
 namespace esphome::safe_mode {
@@ -54,6 +55,10 @@ void SafeModeComponent::dump_config() {
              "OTA rollback detected! Rolled back from partition '%s'\n"
              "The device reset before the boot was marked successful",
              last_invalid->label);
+    if (esp_reset_reason() == ESP_RST_BROWNOUT) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Last reset was due to brownout - check your power supply!\n"
+                    "See https://esphome.io/guides/faq.html#brownout-detector-was-triggered");
+    }
   }
 #endif
 }

From 4aa8f57d3609c12c10c3877c83b06d0c52975e7a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2026 14:08:44 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 095/609] [json] Add SerializationBuffer for stack-first JSON
 serialization (#13625)

---
 esphome/components/api/user_services.h        |   4 +-
 esphome/components/json/json_util.cpp         |  81 +++++++-
 esphome/components/json/json_util.h           | 111 +++++++++-
 esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp       |   4 +-
 esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp  | 191 +++++++++---------
 esphome/components/web_server/web_server.h    | 138 +++++++------
 .../web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp         |   6 +-
 .../web_server_idf/web_server_idf.h           |   3 +-
 tests/components/json/common.yaml             |  13 +-
 9 files changed, 367 insertions(+), 184 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/user_services.h b/esphome/components/api/user_services.h
index 85fba2a435..0fc529108c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/user_services.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/user_services.h
@@ -264,9 +264,9 @@ template<typename... Ts> class APIRespondAction : public Action<Ts...> {
       // Build and send JSON response
       json::JsonBuilder builder;
       this->json_builder_(x..., builder.root());
-      std::string json_str = builder.serialize();
+      auto json_buf = builder.serialize();
       this->parent_->send_action_response(call_id, success, StringRef(error_message),
-                                          reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(json_str.data()), json_str.size());
+                                          reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(json_buf.data()), json_buf.size());
       return;
     }
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/json/json_util.cpp b/esphome/components/json/json_util.cpp
index 69f8bfc61a..6c60a04d20 100644
--- a/esphome/components/json/json_util.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/json/json_util.cpp
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ static const char *const TAG = "json";
 static SpiRamAllocator global_json_allocator;
 #endif
 
-std::string build_json(const json_build_t &f) {
+SerializationBuffer<> build_json(const json_build_t &f) {
   // NOLINTBEGIN(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks) false positive with ArduinoJson
   JsonBuilder builder;
   JsonObject root = builder.root();
@@ -66,14 +66,83 @@ JsonDocument parse_json(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   // NOLINTEND(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks)
 }
 
-std::string JsonBuilder::serialize() {
+SerializationBuffer<> JsonBuilder::serialize() {
+  // ===========================================================================================
+  // CRITICAL: NRVO (Named Return Value Optimization) - DO NOT REFACTOR WITHOUT UNDERSTANDING
+  // ===========================================================================================
+  //
+  // This function is carefully structured to enable NRVO. The compiler constructs `result`
+  // directly in the caller's stack frame, eliminating the move constructor call entirely.
+  //
+  // WITHOUT NRVO: Each return would trigger SerializationBuffer's move constructor, which
+  // must memcpy up to 512 bytes of stack buffer content. This happens on EVERY JSON
+  // serialization (sensor updates, web server responses, MQTT publishes, etc.).
+  //
+  // WITH NRVO: Zero memcpy, zero move constructor overhead. The buffer lives directly
+  // where the caller needs it.
+  //
+  // Requirements for NRVO to work:
+  //   1. Single named variable (`result`) returned from ALL paths
+  //   2. All paths must return the SAME variable (not different variables)
+  //   3. No std::move() on the return statement
+  //
+  // If you must modify this function:
+  //   - Keep a single `result` variable declared at the top
+  //   - All code paths must return `result` (not a different variable)
+  //   - Verify NRVO still works by checking the disassembly for move constructor calls
+  //   - Test: objdump -d -C firmware.elf | grep "SerializationBuffer.*SerializationBuffer"
+  //     Should show only destructor, NOT move constructor
+  //
+  // Try stack buffer first. 640 bytes covers 99.9% of JSON payloads (sensors ~200B,
+  // lights ~170B, climate ~500-700B). Only entities with 40+ options exceed this.
+  //
+  // IMPORTANT: ArduinoJson's serializeJson() with a bounded buffer returns the actual
+  // bytes written (truncated count), NOT the would-be size like snprintf(). When the
+  // payload exceeds the buffer, the return value equals the buffer capacity. The heap
+  // fallback doubles the buffer size until the payload fits. This avoids instantiating
+  // measureJson()'s DummyWriter templates (~736 bytes flash) at the cost of temporarily
+  // over-allocating heap (at most 2x) for the rare payloads that exceed 640 bytes.
+  //
+  // ===========================================================================================
+  constexpr size_t buf_size = SerializationBuffer<>::BUFFER_SIZE;
+  SerializationBuffer<> result(buf_size - 1);  // Max content size (reserve 1 for null)
+
   if (doc_.overflowed()) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "JSON document overflow");
-    return "{}";
+    auto *buf = result.data_writable_();
+    buf[0] = '{';
+    buf[1] = '}';
+    buf[2] = '\0';
+    result.set_size_(2);
+    return result;
   }
-  std::string output;
-  serializeJson(doc_, output);
-  return output;
+
+  size_t size = serializeJson(doc_, result.data_writable_(), buf_size);
+  if (size < buf_size) {
+    // Fits in stack buffer - update size to actual length
+    result.set_size_(size);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  // Payload exceeded stack buffer. Double the buffer and retry until it fits.
+  // In practice, one iteration (1024 bytes) covers all known entity types.
+  // Payloads exceeding 1024 bytes are not known to exist in real configurations.
+  // Cap at 5120 as a safety limit to prevent runaway allocation.
+  constexpr size_t max_heap_size = 5120;
+  size_t heap_size = buf_size * 2;
+  while (heap_size <= max_heap_size) {
+    result.reallocate_heap_(heap_size - 1);
+    size = serializeJson(doc_, result.data_writable_(), heap_size);
+    if (size < heap_size) {
+      result.set_size_(size);
+      return result;
+    }
+    heap_size *= 2;
+  }
+  // Payload exceeds 5120 bytes - return truncated result
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "JSON payload too large, truncated to %zu bytes", size);
+  result.set_size_(size);
+  return result;
 }
 
 }  // namespace json
diff --git a/esphome/components/json/json_util.h b/esphome/components/json/json_util.h
index c472b9a9ec..0dc9ff883c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/json/json_util.h
+++ b/esphome/components/json/json_util.h
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <cstring>
+#include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
@@ -14,6 +16,108 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace json {
 
+/// Buffer for JSON serialization that uses stack allocation for small payloads.
+/// Template parameter STACK_SIZE specifies the stack buffer size (default 512 bytes).
+/// Supports move semantics for efficient return-by-value.
+template<size_t STACK_SIZE = 640> class SerializationBuffer {
+ public:
+  static constexpr size_t BUFFER_SIZE = STACK_SIZE;  ///< Stack buffer size for this instantiation
+
+  /// Construct with known size (typically from measureJson)
+  explicit SerializationBuffer(size_t size) : size_(size) {
+    if (size + 1 <= STACK_SIZE) {
+      buffer_ = stack_buffer_;
+    } else {
+      heap_buffer_ = new char[size + 1];
+      buffer_ = heap_buffer_;
+    }
+    buffer_[0] = '\0';
+  }
+
+  ~SerializationBuffer() { delete[] heap_buffer_; }
+
+  // Move constructor - works with same template instantiation
+  SerializationBuffer(SerializationBuffer &&other) noexcept : heap_buffer_(other.heap_buffer_), size_(other.size_) {
+    if (other.buffer_ == other.stack_buffer_) {
+      // Stack buffer - must copy content
+      std::memcpy(stack_buffer_, other.stack_buffer_, size_ + 1);
+      buffer_ = stack_buffer_;
+    } else {
+      // Heap buffer - steal ownership
+      buffer_ = heap_buffer_;
+      other.heap_buffer_ = nullptr;
+    }
+    // Leave moved-from object in valid empty state
+    other.stack_buffer_[0] = '\0';
+    other.buffer_ = other.stack_buffer_;
+    other.size_ = 0;
+  }
+
+  // Move assignment
+  SerializationBuffer &operator=(SerializationBuffer &&other) noexcept {
+    if (this != &other) {
+      delete[] heap_buffer_;
+      heap_buffer_ = other.heap_buffer_;
+      size_ = other.size_;
+      if (other.buffer_ == other.stack_buffer_) {
+        std::memcpy(stack_buffer_, other.stack_buffer_, size_ + 1);
+        buffer_ = stack_buffer_;
+      } else {
+        buffer_ = heap_buffer_;
+        other.heap_buffer_ = nullptr;
+      }
+      // Leave moved-from object in valid empty state
+      other.stack_buffer_[0] = '\0';
+      other.buffer_ = other.stack_buffer_;
+      other.size_ = 0;
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  // Delete copy operations
+  SerializationBuffer(const SerializationBuffer &) = delete;
+  SerializationBuffer &operator=(const SerializationBuffer &) = delete;
+
+  /// Get null-terminated C string
+  const char *c_str() const { return buffer_; }
+  /// Get data pointer
+  const char *data() const { return buffer_; }
+  /// Get string length (excluding null terminator)
+  size_t size() const { return size_; }
+
+  /// Implicit conversion to std::string for backward compatibility
+  /// WARNING: This allocates a new std::string on the heap. Prefer using
+  /// c_str() or data()/size() directly when possible to avoid allocation.
+  operator std::string() const { return std::string(buffer_, size_); }  // NOLINT(google-explicit-constructor)
+
+ private:
+  friend class JsonBuilder;  ///< Allows JsonBuilder::serialize() to call private methods
+
+  /// Get writable buffer (for serialization)
+  char *data_writable_() { return buffer_; }
+  /// Set actual size after serialization (must not exceed allocated size)
+  /// Also ensures null termination for c_str() safety
+  void set_size_(size_t size) {
+    size_ = size;
+    buffer_[size] = '\0';
+  }
+
+  /// Reallocate to heap buffer with new size (for when stack buffer is too small)
+  /// This invalidates any previous buffer content. Used by JsonBuilder::serialize().
+  void reallocate_heap_(size_t size) {
+    delete[] heap_buffer_;
+    heap_buffer_ = new char[size + 1];
+    buffer_ = heap_buffer_;
+    size_ = size;
+    buffer_[0] = '\0';
+  }
+
+  char stack_buffer_[STACK_SIZE];
+  char *heap_buffer_{nullptr};
+  char *buffer_;
+  size_t size_;
+};
+
 #ifdef USE_PSRAM
 // Build an allocator for the JSON Library using the RAMAllocator class
 // This is only compiled when PSRAM is enabled
@@ -47,7 +151,8 @@ using json_parse_t = std::function<bool(JsonObject)>;
 using json_build_t = std::function<void(JsonObject)>;
 
 /// Build a JSON string with the provided json build function.
-std::string build_json(const json_build_t &f);
+/// Returns SerializationBuffer for stack-first allocation; implicitly converts to std::string.
+SerializationBuffer<> build_json(const json_build_t &f);
 
 /// Parse a JSON string and run the provided json parse function if it's valid.
 bool parse_json(const std::string &data, const json_parse_t &f);
@@ -72,7 +177,9 @@ class JsonBuilder {
     return root_;
   }
 
-  std::string serialize();
+  /// Serialize the JSON document to a SerializationBuffer (stack-first allocation)
+  /// Uses 512-byte stack buffer by default, falls back to heap for larger JSON
+  SerializationBuffer<> serialize();
 
  private:
 #ifdef USE_PSRAM
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp
index 9905b4677e..c433804dd9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp
@@ -543,8 +543,8 @@ bool MQTTClientComponent::publish(const char *topic, const char *payload, size_t
 }
 
 bool MQTTClientComponent::publish_json(const char *topic, const json::json_build_t &f, uint8_t qos, bool retain) {
-  std::string message = json::build_json(f);
-  return this->publish(topic, message.c_str(), message.length(), qos, retain);
+  auto message = json::build_json(f);
+  return this->publish(topic, message.c_str(), message.size(), qos, retain);
 }
 
 void MQTTClientComponent::enable() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
index f352e5896c..4b572417c1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ DeferredUpdateEventSource::deq_push_back_with_dedup_(void *source, message_gener
 void DeferredUpdateEventSource::process_deferred_queue_() {
   while (!deferred_queue_.empty()) {
     DeferredEvent &de = deferred_queue_.front();
-    std::string message = de.message_generator_(web_server_, de.source_);
+    auto message = de.message_generator_(web_server_, de.source_);
     if (this->send(message.c_str(), "state") != DISCARDED) {
       // O(n) but memory efficiency is more important than speed here which is why std::vector was chosen
       deferred_queue_.erase(deferred_queue_.begin());
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ void DeferredUpdateEventSource::deferrable_send_state(void *source, const char *
     // deferred queue still not empty which means downstream event queue full, no point trying to send first
     deq_push_back_with_dedup_(source, message_generator);
   } else {
-    std::string message = message_generator(web_server_, source);
+    auto message = message_generator(web_server_, source);
     if (this->send(message.c_str(), "state") == DISCARDED) {
       deq_push_back_with_dedup_(source, message_generator);
     } else {
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ void DeferredUpdateEventSourceList::on_client_connect_(DeferredUpdateEventSource
   ws->defer([ws, source]() {
     // Configure reconnect timeout and send config
     // this should always go through since the AsyncEventSourceClient event queue is empty on connect
-    std::string message = ws->get_config_json();
+    auto message = ws->get_config_json();
     source->try_send_nodefer(message.c_str(), "ping", millis(), 30000);
 
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_SORTING
@@ -334,10 +334,10 @@ void DeferredUpdateEventSourceList::on_client_connect_(DeferredUpdateEventSource
       JsonObject root = builder.root();
       root[ESPHOME_F("name")] = group.second.name;
       root[ESPHOME_F("sorting_weight")] = group.second.weight;
-      message = builder.serialize();
+      auto group_msg = builder.serialize();
 
       // up to 31 groups should be able to be queued initially without defer
-      source->try_send_nodefer(message.c_str(), "sorting_group");
+      source->try_send_nodefer(group_msg.c_str(), "sorting_group");
     }
 #endif
 
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ void WebServer::set_css_include(const char *css_include) { this->css_include_ =
 void WebServer::set_js_include(const char *js_include) { this->js_include_ = js_include; }
 #endif
 
-std::string WebServer::get_config_json() {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::get_config_json() {
   json::JsonBuilder builder;
   JsonObject root = builder.root();
 
@@ -606,20 +606,20 @@ void WebServer::handle_sensor_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlM
     // Note: request->method() is always HTTP_GET here (canHandle ensures this)
     if (entity_match.action_is_empty) {
       auto detail = get_request_detail(request);
-      std::string data = this->sensor_json_(obj, obj->state, detail);
+      auto data = this->sensor_json_(obj, obj->state, detail);
       request->send(200, "application/json", data.c_str());
       return;
     }
   }
   request->send(404);
 }
-std::string WebServer::sensor_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::sensor_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   return web_server->sensor_json_((sensor::Sensor *) (source), ((sensor::Sensor *) (source))->state, DETAIL_STATE);
 }
-std::string WebServer::sensor_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::sensor_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   return web_server->sensor_json_((sensor::Sensor *) (source), ((sensor::Sensor *) (source))->state, DETAIL_ALL);
 }
-std::string WebServer::sensor_json_(sensor::Sensor *obj, float value, JsonDetail start_config) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::sensor_json_(sensor::Sensor *obj, float value, JsonDetail start_config) {
   json::JsonBuilder builder;
   JsonObject root = builder.root();
 
@@ -653,23 +653,23 @@ void WebServer::handle_text_sensor_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const
     // Note: request->method() is always HTTP_GET here (canHandle ensures this)
     if (entity_match.action_is_empty) {
       auto detail = get_request_detail(request);
-      std::string data = this->text_sensor_json_(obj, obj->state, detail);
+      auto data = this->text_sensor_json_(obj, obj->state, detail);
       request->send(200, "application/json", data.c_str());
       return;
     }
   }
   request->send(404);
 }
-std::string WebServer::text_sensor_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::text_sensor_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   return web_server->text_sensor_json_((text_sensor::TextSensor *) (source),
                                        ((text_sensor::TextSensor *) (source))->state, DETAIL_STATE);
 }
-std::string WebServer::text_sensor_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::text_sensor_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   return web_server->text_sensor_json_((text_sensor::TextSensor *) (source),
                                        ((text_sensor::TextSensor *) (source))->state, DETAIL_ALL);
 }
-std::string WebServer::text_sensor_json_(text_sensor::TextSensor *obj, const std::string &value,
-                                         JsonDetail start_config) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::text_sensor_json_(text_sensor::TextSensor *obj, const std::string &value,
+                                                         JsonDetail start_config) {
   json::JsonBuilder builder;
   JsonObject root = builder.root();
 
@@ -714,7 +714,7 @@ void WebServer::handle_switch_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlM
 
     if (request->method() == HTTP_GET && entity_match.action_is_empty) {
       auto detail = get_request_detail(request);
-      std::string data = this->switch_json_(obj, obj->state, detail);
+      auto data = this->switch_json_(obj, obj->state, detail);
       request->send(200, "application/json", data.c_str());
       return;
     }
@@ -739,13 +739,13 @@ void WebServer::handle_switch_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlM
   }
   request->send(404);
 }
-std::string WebServer::switch_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::switch_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   return web_server->switch_json_((switch_::Switch *) (source), ((switch_::Switch *) (source))->state, DETAIL_STATE);
 }
-std::string WebServer::switch_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::switch_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   return web_server->switch_json_((switch_::Switch *) (source), ((switch_::Switch *) (source))->state, DETAIL_ALL);
 }
-std::string WebServer::switch_json_(switch_::Switch *obj, bool value, JsonDetail start_config) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::switch_json_(switch_::Switch *obj, bool value, JsonDetail start_config) {
   json::JsonBuilder builder;
   JsonObject root = builder.root();
 
@@ -767,7 +767,7 @@ void WebServer::handle_button_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlM
       continue;
     if (request->method() == HTTP_GET && entity_match.action_is_empty) {
       auto detail = get_request_detail(request);
-      std::string data = this->button_json_(obj, detail);
+      auto data = this->button_json_(obj, detail);
       request->send(200, "application/json", data.c_str());
     } else if (match.method_equals(ESPHOME_F("press"))) {
       DEFER_ACTION(obj, obj->press());
@@ -780,10 +780,10 @@ void WebServer::handle_button_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlM
   }
   request->send(404);
 }
-std::string WebServer::button_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::button_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   return web_server->button_json_((button::Button *) (source), DETAIL_ALL);
 }
-std::string WebServer::button_json_(button::Button *obj, JsonDetail start_config) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::button_json_(button::Button *obj, JsonDetail start_config) {
   json::JsonBuilder builder;
   JsonObject root = builder.root();
 
@@ -810,22 +810,23 @@ void WebServer::handle_binary_sensor_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, con
     // Note: request->method() is always HTTP_GET here (canHandle ensures this)
     if (entity_match.action_is_empty) {
       auto detail = get_request_detail(request);
-      std::string data = this->binary_sensor_json_(obj, obj->state, detail);
+      auto data = this->binary_sensor_json_(obj, obj->state, detail);
       request->send(200, "application/json", data.c_str());
       return;
     }
   }
   request->send(404);
 }
-std::string WebServer::binary_sensor_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::binary_sensor_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   return web_server->binary_sensor_json_((binary_sensor::BinarySensor *) (source),
                                          ((binary_sensor::BinarySensor *) (source))->state, DETAIL_STATE);
 }
-std::string WebServer::binary_sensor_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::binary_sensor_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   return web_server->binary_sensor_json_((binary_sensor::BinarySensor *) (source),
                                          ((binary_sensor::BinarySensor *) (source))->state, DETAIL_ALL);
 }
-std::string WebServer::binary_sensor_json_(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *obj, bool value, JsonDetail start_config) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::binary_sensor_json_(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *obj, bool value,
+                                                           JsonDetail start_config) {
   json::JsonBuilder builder;
   JsonObject root = builder.root();
 
@@ -852,7 +853,7 @@ void WebServer::handle_fan_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatc
 
     if (request->method() == HTTP_GET && entity_match.action_is_empty) {
       auto detail = get_request_detail(request);
-      std::string data = this->fan_json_(obj, detail);
+      auto data = this->fan_json_(obj, detail);
       request->send(200, "application/json", data.c_str());
     } else if (match.method_equals(ESPHOME_F("toggle"))) {
       DEFER_ACTION(obj, obj->toggle().perform());
@@ -893,13 +894,13 @@ void WebServer::handle_fan_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatc
   }
   request->send(404);
 }
-std::string WebServer::fan_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::fan_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   return web_server->fan_json_((fan::Fan *) (source), DETAIL_STATE);
 }
-std::string WebServer::fan_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::fan_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   return web_server->fan_json_((fan::Fan *) (source), DETAIL_ALL);
 }
-std::string WebServer::fan_json_(fan::Fan *obj, JsonDetail start_config) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::fan_json_(fan::Fan *obj, JsonDetail start_config) {
   json::JsonBuilder builder;
   JsonObject root = builder.root();
 
@@ -933,7 +934,7 @@ void WebServer::handle_light_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMa
 
     if (request->method() == HTTP_GET && entity_match.action_is_empty) {
       auto detail = get_request_detail(request);
-      std::string data = this->light_json_(obj, detail);
+      auto data = this->light_json_(obj, detail);
       request->send(200, "application/json", data.c_str());
     } else if (match.method_equals(ESPHOME_F("toggle"))) {
       DEFER_ACTION(obj, obj->toggle().perform());
@@ -972,13 +973,13 @@ void WebServer::handle_light_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMa
   }
   request->send(404);
 }
-std::string WebServer::light_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::light_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   return web_server->light_json_((light::LightState *) (source), DETAIL_STATE);
 }
-std::string WebServer::light_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::light_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   return web_server->light_json_((light::LightState *) (source), DETAIL_ALL);
 }
-std::string WebServer::light_json_(light::LightState *obj, JsonDetail start_config) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::light_json_(light::LightState *obj, JsonDetail start_config) {
   json::JsonBuilder builder;
   JsonObject root = builder.root();
 
@@ -1012,7 +1013,7 @@ void WebServer::handle_cover_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMa
 
     if (request->method() == HTTP_GET && entity_match.action_is_empty) {
       auto detail = get_request_detail(request);
-      std::string data = this->cover_json_(obj, detail);
+      auto data = this->cover_json_(obj, detail);
       request->send(200, "application/json", data.c_str());
       return;
     }
@@ -1060,13 +1061,13 @@ void WebServer::handle_cover_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMa
   }
   request->send(404);
 }
-std::string WebServer::cover_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::cover_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   return web_server->cover_json_((cover::Cover *) (source), DETAIL_STATE);
 }
-std::string WebServer::cover_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::cover_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   return web_server->cover_json_((cover::Cover *) (source), DETAIL_ALL);
 }
-std::string WebServer::cover_json_(cover::Cover *obj, JsonDetail start_config) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::cover_json_(cover::Cover *obj, JsonDetail start_config) {
   json::JsonBuilder builder;
   JsonObject root = builder.root();
 
@@ -1101,7 +1102,7 @@ void WebServer::handle_number_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlM
 
     if (request->method() == HTTP_GET && entity_match.action_is_empty) {
       auto detail = get_request_detail(request);
-      std::string data = this->number_json_(obj, obj->state, detail);
+      auto data = this->number_json_(obj, obj->state, detail);
       request->send(200, "application/json", data.c_str());
       return;
     }
@@ -1120,13 +1121,13 @@ void WebServer::handle_number_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlM
   request->send(404);
 }
 
-std::string WebServer::number_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::number_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   return web_server->number_json_((number::Number *) (source), ((number::Number *) (source))->state, DETAIL_STATE);
 }
-std::string WebServer::number_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::number_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   return web_server->number_json_((number::Number *) (source), ((number::Number *) (source))->state, DETAIL_ALL);
 }
-std::string WebServer::number_json_(number::Number *obj, float value, JsonDetail start_config) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::number_json_(number::Number *obj, float value, JsonDetail start_config) {
   json::JsonBuilder builder;
   JsonObject root = builder.root();
 
@@ -1168,7 +1169,7 @@ void WebServer::handle_date_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMat
       continue;
     if (request->method() == HTTP_GET && entity_match.action_is_empty) {
       auto detail = get_request_detail(request);
-      std::string data = this->date_json_(obj, detail);
+      auto data = this->date_json_(obj, detail);
       request->send(200, "application/json", data.c_str());
       return;
     }
@@ -1194,13 +1195,13 @@ void WebServer::handle_date_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMat
   request->send(404);
 }
 
-std::string WebServer::date_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::date_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   return web_server->date_json_((datetime::DateEntity *) (source), DETAIL_STATE);
 }
-std::string WebServer::date_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::date_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   return web_server->date_json_((datetime::DateEntity *) (source), DETAIL_ALL);
 }
-std::string WebServer::date_json_(datetime::DateEntity *obj, JsonDetail start_config) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::date_json_(datetime::DateEntity *obj, JsonDetail start_config) {
   json::JsonBuilder builder;
   JsonObject root = builder.root();
 
@@ -1229,7 +1230,7 @@ void WebServer::handle_time_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMat
       continue;
     if (request->method() == HTTP_GET && entity_match.action_is_empty) {
       auto detail = get_request_detail(request);
-      std::string data = this->time_json_(obj, detail);
+      auto data = this->time_json_(obj, detail);
       request->send(200, "application/json", data.c_str());
       return;
     }
@@ -1254,13 +1255,13 @@ void WebServer::handle_time_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMat
   }
   request->send(404);
 }
-std::string WebServer::time_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::time_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   return web_server->time_json_((datetime::TimeEntity *) (source), DETAIL_STATE);
 }
-std::string WebServer::time_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::time_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   return web_server->time_json_((datetime::TimeEntity *) (source), DETAIL_ALL);
 }
-std::string WebServer::time_json_(datetime::TimeEntity *obj, JsonDetail start_config) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::time_json_(datetime::TimeEntity *obj, JsonDetail start_config) {
   json::JsonBuilder builder;
   JsonObject root = builder.root();
 
@@ -1289,7 +1290,7 @@ void WebServer::handle_datetime_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const Ur
       continue;
     if (request->method() == HTTP_GET && entity_match.action_is_empty) {
       auto detail = get_request_detail(request);
-      std::string data = this->datetime_json_(obj, detail);
+      auto data = this->datetime_json_(obj, detail);
       request->send(200, "application/json", data.c_str());
       return;
     }
@@ -1314,13 +1315,13 @@ void WebServer::handle_datetime_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const Ur
   }
   request->send(404);
 }
-std::string WebServer::datetime_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::datetime_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   return web_server->datetime_json_((datetime::DateTimeEntity *) (source), DETAIL_STATE);
 }
-std::string WebServer::datetime_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::datetime_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   return web_server->datetime_json_((datetime::DateTimeEntity *) (source), DETAIL_ALL);
 }
-std::string WebServer::datetime_json_(datetime::DateTimeEntity *obj, JsonDetail start_config) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::datetime_json_(datetime::DateTimeEntity *obj, JsonDetail start_config) {
   json::JsonBuilder builder;
   JsonObject root = builder.root();
 
@@ -1351,7 +1352,7 @@ void WebServer::handle_text_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMat
 
     if (request->method() == HTTP_GET && entity_match.action_is_empty) {
       auto detail = get_request_detail(request);
-      std::string data = this->text_json_(obj, obj->state, detail);
+      auto data = this->text_json_(obj, obj->state, detail);
       request->send(200, "application/json", data.c_str());
       return;
     }
@@ -1370,13 +1371,13 @@ void WebServer::handle_text_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMat
   request->send(404);
 }
 
-std::string WebServer::text_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::text_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   return web_server->text_json_((text::Text *) (source), ((text::Text *) (source))->state, DETAIL_STATE);
 }
-std::string WebServer::text_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::text_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   return web_server->text_json_((text::Text *) (source), ((text::Text *) (source))->state, DETAIL_ALL);
 }
-std::string WebServer::text_json_(text::Text *obj, const std::string &value, JsonDetail start_config) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::text_json_(text::Text *obj, const std::string &value, JsonDetail start_config) {
   json::JsonBuilder builder;
   JsonObject root = builder.root();
 
@@ -1408,7 +1409,7 @@ void WebServer::handle_select_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlM
 
     if (request->method() == HTTP_GET && entity_match.action_is_empty) {
       auto detail = get_request_detail(request);
-      std::string data = this->select_json_(obj, obj->has_state() ? obj->current_option() : StringRef(), detail);
+      auto data = this->select_json_(obj, obj->has_state() ? obj->current_option() : StringRef(), detail);
       request->send(200, "application/json", data.c_str());
       return;
     }
@@ -1427,15 +1428,15 @@ void WebServer::handle_select_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlM
   }
   request->send(404);
 }
-std::string WebServer::select_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::select_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   auto *obj = (select::Select *) (source);
   return web_server->select_json_(obj, obj->has_state() ? obj->current_option() : StringRef(), DETAIL_STATE);
 }
-std::string WebServer::select_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::select_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   auto *obj = (select::Select *) (source);
   return web_server->select_json_(obj, obj->has_state() ? obj->current_option() : StringRef(), DETAIL_ALL);
 }
-std::string WebServer::select_json_(select::Select *obj, StringRef value, JsonDetail start_config) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::select_json_(select::Select *obj, StringRef value, JsonDetail start_config) {
   json::JsonBuilder builder;
   JsonObject root = builder.root();
 
@@ -1467,7 +1468,7 @@ void WebServer::handle_climate_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const Url
 
     if (request->method() == HTTP_GET && entity_match.action_is_empty) {
       auto detail = get_request_detail(request);
-      std::string data = this->climate_json_(obj, detail);
+      auto data = this->climate_json_(obj, detail);
       request->send(200, "application/json", data.c_str());
       return;
     }
@@ -1500,15 +1501,15 @@ void WebServer::handle_climate_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const Url
   }
   request->send(404);
 }
-std::string WebServer::climate_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::climate_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   // NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks) false positive with ArduinoJson
   return web_server->climate_json_((climate::Climate *) (source), DETAIL_STATE);
 }
-std::string WebServer::climate_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::climate_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   // NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks) false positive with ArduinoJson
   return web_server->climate_json_((climate::Climate *) (source), DETAIL_ALL);
 }
-std::string WebServer::climate_json_(climate::Climate *obj, JsonDetail start_config) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::climate_json_(climate::Climate *obj, JsonDetail start_config) {
   // NOLINTBEGIN(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks) false positive with ArduinoJson
   json::JsonBuilder builder;
   JsonObject root = builder.root();
@@ -1641,7 +1642,7 @@ void WebServer::handle_lock_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMat
 
     if (request->method() == HTTP_GET && entity_match.action_is_empty) {
       auto detail = get_request_detail(request);
-      std::string data = this->lock_json_(obj, obj->state, detail);
+      auto data = this->lock_json_(obj, obj->state, detail);
       request->send(200, "application/json", data.c_str());
       return;
     }
@@ -1666,13 +1667,13 @@ void WebServer::handle_lock_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMat
   }
   request->send(404);
 }
-std::string WebServer::lock_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::lock_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   return web_server->lock_json_((lock::Lock *) (source), ((lock::Lock *) (source))->state, DETAIL_STATE);
 }
-std::string WebServer::lock_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::lock_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   return web_server->lock_json_((lock::Lock *) (source), ((lock::Lock *) (source))->state, DETAIL_ALL);
 }
-std::string WebServer::lock_json_(lock::Lock *obj, lock::LockState value, JsonDetail start_config) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::lock_json_(lock::Lock *obj, lock::LockState value, JsonDetail start_config) {
   json::JsonBuilder builder;
   JsonObject root = builder.root();
 
@@ -1700,7 +1701,7 @@ void WebServer::handle_valve_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMa
 
     if (request->method() == HTTP_GET && entity_match.action_is_empty) {
       auto detail = get_request_detail(request);
-      std::string data = this->valve_json_(obj, detail);
+      auto data = this->valve_json_(obj, detail);
       request->send(200, "application/json", data.c_str());
       return;
     }
@@ -1746,13 +1747,13 @@ void WebServer::handle_valve_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMa
   }
   request->send(404);
 }
-std::string WebServer::valve_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::valve_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   return web_server->valve_json_((valve::Valve *) (source), DETAIL_STATE);
 }
-std::string WebServer::valve_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::valve_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   return web_server->valve_json_((valve::Valve *) (source), DETAIL_ALL);
 }
-std::string WebServer::valve_json_(valve::Valve *obj, JsonDetail start_config) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::valve_json_(valve::Valve *obj, JsonDetail start_config) {
   json::JsonBuilder builder;
   JsonObject root = builder.root();
 
@@ -1785,7 +1786,7 @@ void WebServer::handle_alarm_control_panel_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *reques
 
     if (request->method() == HTTP_GET && entity_match.action_is_empty) {
       auto detail = get_request_detail(request);
-      std::string data = this->alarm_control_panel_json_(obj, obj->get_state(), detail);
+      auto data = this->alarm_control_panel_json_(obj, obj->get_state(), detail);
       request->send(200, "application/json", data.c_str());
       return;
     }
@@ -1825,19 +1826,19 @@ void WebServer::handle_alarm_control_panel_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *reques
   }
   request->send(404);
 }
-std::string WebServer::alarm_control_panel_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::alarm_control_panel_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   return web_server->alarm_control_panel_json_((alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanel *) (source),
                                                ((alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanel *) (source))->get_state(),
                                                DETAIL_STATE);
 }
-std::string WebServer::alarm_control_panel_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::alarm_control_panel_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   return web_server->alarm_control_panel_json_((alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanel *) (source),
                                                ((alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanel *) (source))->get_state(),
                                                DETAIL_ALL);
 }
-std::string WebServer::alarm_control_panel_json_(alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanel *obj,
-                                                 alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanelState value,
-                                                 JsonDetail start_config) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::alarm_control_panel_json_(alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanel *obj,
+                                                                 alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanelState value,
+                                                                 JsonDetail start_config) {
   json::JsonBuilder builder;
   JsonObject root = builder.root();
 
@@ -1866,7 +1867,7 @@ void WebServer::handle_water_heater_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, cons
 
     if (request->method() == HTTP_GET && entity_match.action_is_empty) {
       auto detail = get_request_detail(request);
-      std::string data = this->water_heater_json_(obj, detail);
+      auto data = this->water_heater_json_(obj, detail);
       request->send(200, "application/json", data.c_str());
       return;
     }
@@ -1902,14 +1903,14 @@ void WebServer::handle_water_heater_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, cons
   request->send(404);
 }
 
-std::string WebServer::water_heater_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::water_heater_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   return web_server->water_heater_json_(static_cast<water_heater::WaterHeater *>(source), DETAIL_STATE);
 }
-std::string WebServer::water_heater_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::water_heater_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   // NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks) false positive with ArduinoJson
   return web_server->water_heater_json_(static_cast<water_heater::WaterHeater *>(source), DETAIL_ALL);
 }
-std::string WebServer::water_heater_json_(water_heater::WaterHeater *obj, JsonDetail start_config) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::water_heater_json_(water_heater::WaterHeater *obj, JsonDetail start_config) {
   json::JsonBuilder builder;
   JsonObject root = builder.root();
   char buf[PSTR_LOCAL_SIZE];
@@ -1971,7 +1972,7 @@ void WebServer::handle_infrared_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const Ur
 
     if (request->method() == HTTP_GET && entity_match.action_is_empty) {
       auto detail = get_request_detail(request);
-      std::string data = this->infrared_json_(obj, detail);
+      auto data = this->infrared_json_(obj, detail);
       request->send(200, ESPHOME_F("application/json"), data.c_str());
       return;
     }
@@ -2031,12 +2032,12 @@ void WebServer::handle_infrared_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const Ur
   request->send(404);
 }
 
-std::string WebServer::infrared_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::infrared_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   // NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks) false positive with ArduinoJson
   return web_server->infrared_json_(static_cast<infrared::Infrared *>(source), DETAIL_ALL);
 }
 
-std::string WebServer::infrared_json_(infrared::Infrared *obj, JsonDetail start_config) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::infrared_json_(infrared::Infrared *obj, JsonDetail start_config) {
   json::JsonBuilder builder;
   JsonObject root = builder.root();
 
@@ -2071,7 +2072,7 @@ void WebServer::handle_event_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMa
     // Note: request->method() is always HTTP_GET here (canHandle ensures this)
     if (entity_match.action_is_empty) {
       auto detail = get_request_detail(request);
-      std::string data = this->event_json_(obj, StringRef(), detail);
+      auto data = this->event_json_(obj, StringRef(), detail);
       request->send(200, "application/json", data.c_str());
       return;
     }
@@ -2081,16 +2082,16 @@ void WebServer::handle_event_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMa
 
 static StringRef get_event_type(event::Event *event) { return event ? event->get_last_event_type() : StringRef(); }
 
-std::string WebServer::event_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::event_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   auto *event = static_cast<event::Event *>(source);
   return web_server->event_json_(event, get_event_type(event), DETAIL_STATE);
 }
 // NOLINTBEGIN(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks) false positive with ArduinoJson
-std::string WebServer::event_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::event_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   auto *event = static_cast<event::Event *>(source);
   return web_server->event_json_(event, get_event_type(event), DETAIL_ALL);
 }
-std::string WebServer::event_json_(event::Event *obj, StringRef event_type, JsonDetail start_config) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::event_json_(event::Event *obj, StringRef event_type, JsonDetail start_config) {
   json::JsonBuilder builder;
   JsonObject root = builder.root();
 
@@ -2124,7 +2125,7 @@ void WebServer::handle_update_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlM
 
     if (request->method() == HTTP_GET && entity_match.action_is_empty) {
       auto detail = get_request_detail(request);
-      std::string data = this->update_json_(obj, detail);
+      auto data = this->update_json_(obj, detail);
       request->send(200, "application/json", data.c_str());
       return;
     }
@@ -2140,15 +2141,15 @@ void WebServer::handle_update_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlM
   }
   request->send(404);
 }
-std::string WebServer::update_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::update_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   // NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks) false positive with ArduinoJson
   return web_server->update_json_((update::UpdateEntity *) (source), DETAIL_STATE);
 }
-std::string WebServer::update_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::update_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   // NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks) false positive with ArduinoJson
   return web_server->update_json_((update::UpdateEntity *) (source), DETAIL_STATE);
 }
-std::string WebServer::update_json_(update::UpdateEntity *obj, JsonDetail start_config) {
+json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::update_json_(update::UpdateEntity *obj, JsonDetail start_config) {
   // NOLINTBEGIN(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks) false positive with ArduinoJson
   json::JsonBuilder builder;
   JsonObject root = builder.root();
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.h b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.h
index 6afe618b59..76c1c8b0bd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.h
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.h
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #include "list_entities.h"
 
+#include "esphome/components/json/json_util.h"
 #include "esphome/components/web_server_base/web_server_base.h"
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
@@ -103,7 +104,7 @@ enum JsonDetail { DETAIL_ALL, DETAIL_STATE };
   can be forgotten.
 */
 #if !defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_ARDUINO)
-using message_generator_t = std::string(WebServer *, void *);
+using message_generator_t = json::SerializationBuffer<>(WebServer *, void *);
 
 class DeferredUpdateEventSourceList;
 class DeferredUpdateEventSource : public AsyncEventSource {
@@ -257,7 +258,7 @@ class WebServer : public Controller, public Component, public AsyncWebHandler {
   void handle_index_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request);
 
   /// Return the webserver configuration as JSON.
-  std::string get_config_json();
+  json::SerializationBuffer<> get_config_json();
 
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_CSS_INCLUDE
   /// Handle included css request under '/0.css'.
@@ -279,8 +280,8 @@ class WebServer : public Controller, public Component, public AsyncWebHandler {
   /// Handle a sensor request under '/sensor/<id>'.
   void handle_sensor_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match);
 
-  static std::string sensor_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
-  static std::string sensor_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> sensor_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> sensor_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_SWITCH
@@ -289,8 +290,8 @@ class WebServer : public Controller, public Component, public AsyncWebHandler {
   /// Handle a switch request under '/switch/<id>/</turn_on/turn_off/toggle>'.
   void handle_switch_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match);
 
-  static std::string switch_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
-  static std::string switch_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> switch_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> switch_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_BUTTON
@@ -298,7 +299,7 @@ class WebServer : public Controller, public Component, public AsyncWebHandler {
   void handle_button_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match);
 
   // Buttons are stateless, so there is no button_state_json_generator
-  static std::string button_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> button_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
@@ -307,8 +308,8 @@ class WebServer : public Controller, public Component, public AsyncWebHandler {
   /// Handle a binary sensor request under '/binary_sensor/<id>'.
   void handle_binary_sensor_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match);
 
-  static std::string binary_sensor_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
-  static std::string binary_sensor_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> binary_sensor_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> binary_sensor_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_FAN
@@ -317,8 +318,8 @@ class WebServer : public Controller, public Component, public AsyncWebHandler {
   /// Handle a fan request under '/fan/<id>/</turn_on/turn_off/toggle>'.
   void handle_fan_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match);
 
-  static std::string fan_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
-  static std::string fan_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> fan_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> fan_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_LIGHT
@@ -327,8 +328,8 @@ class WebServer : public Controller, public Component, public AsyncWebHandler {
   /// Handle a light request under '/light/<id>/</turn_on/turn_off/toggle>'.
   void handle_light_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match);
 
-  static std::string light_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
-  static std::string light_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> light_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> light_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
@@ -337,8 +338,8 @@ class WebServer : public Controller, public Component, public AsyncWebHandler {
   /// Handle a text sensor request under '/text_sensor/<id>'.
   void handle_text_sensor_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match);
 
-  static std::string text_sensor_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
-  static std::string text_sensor_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> text_sensor_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> text_sensor_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_COVER
@@ -347,8 +348,8 @@ class WebServer : public Controller, public Component, public AsyncWebHandler {
   /// Handle a cover request under '/cover/<id>/<open/close/stop/set>'.
   void handle_cover_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match);
 
-  static std::string cover_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
-  static std::string cover_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> cover_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> cover_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_NUMBER
@@ -356,8 +357,8 @@ class WebServer : public Controller, public Component, public AsyncWebHandler {
   /// Handle a number request under '/number/<id>'.
   void handle_number_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match);
 
-  static std::string number_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
-  static std::string number_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> number_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> number_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATE
@@ -365,8 +366,8 @@ class WebServer : public Controller, public Component, public AsyncWebHandler {
   /// Handle a date request under '/date/<id>'.
   void handle_date_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match);
 
-  static std::string date_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
-  static std::string date_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> date_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> date_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_TIME
@@ -374,8 +375,8 @@ class WebServer : public Controller, public Component, public AsyncWebHandler {
   /// Handle a time request under '/time/<id>'.
   void handle_time_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match);
 
-  static std::string time_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
-  static std::string time_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> time_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> time_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATETIME
@@ -383,8 +384,8 @@ class WebServer : public Controller, public Component, public AsyncWebHandler {
   /// Handle a datetime request under '/datetime/<id>'.
   void handle_datetime_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match);
 
-  static std::string datetime_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
-  static std::string datetime_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> datetime_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> datetime_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_TEXT
@@ -392,8 +393,8 @@ class WebServer : public Controller, public Component, public AsyncWebHandler {
   /// Handle a text input request under '/text/<id>'.
   void handle_text_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match);
 
-  static std::string text_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
-  static std::string text_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> text_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> text_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
@@ -401,8 +402,8 @@ class WebServer : public Controller, public Component, public AsyncWebHandler {
   /// Handle a select request under '/select/<id>'.
   void handle_select_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match);
 
-  static std::string select_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
-  static std::string select_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> select_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> select_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_CLIMATE
@@ -410,8 +411,8 @@ class WebServer : public Controller, public Component, public AsyncWebHandler {
   /// Handle a climate request under '/climate/<id>'.
   void handle_climate_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match);
 
-  static std::string climate_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
-  static std::string climate_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> climate_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> climate_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_LOCK
@@ -420,8 +421,8 @@ class WebServer : public Controller, public Component, public AsyncWebHandler {
   /// Handle a lock request under '/lock/<id>/</lock/unlock/open>'.
   void handle_lock_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match);
 
-  static std::string lock_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
-  static std::string lock_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> lock_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> lock_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_VALVE
@@ -430,8 +431,8 @@ class WebServer : public Controller, public Component, public AsyncWebHandler {
   /// Handle a valve request under '/valve/<id>/<open/close/stop/set>'.
   void handle_valve_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match);
 
-  static std::string valve_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
-  static std::string valve_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> valve_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> valve_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL
@@ -440,8 +441,8 @@ class WebServer : public Controller, public Component, public AsyncWebHandler {
   /// Handle a alarm_control_panel request under '/alarm_control_panel/<id>'.
   void handle_alarm_control_panel_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match);
 
-  static std::string alarm_control_panel_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
-  static std::string alarm_control_panel_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> alarm_control_panel_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> alarm_control_panel_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_WATER_HEATER
@@ -450,22 +451,22 @@ class WebServer : public Controller, public Component, public AsyncWebHandler {
   /// Handle a water_heater request under '/water_heater/<id>/<mode/set>'.
   void handle_water_heater_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match);
 
-  static std::string water_heater_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
-  static std::string water_heater_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> water_heater_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> water_heater_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_INFRARED
   /// Handle an infrared request under '/infrared/<id>/transmit'.
   void handle_infrared_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match);
 
-  static std::string infrared_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> infrared_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_EVENT
   void on_event(event::Event *obj) override;
 
-  static std::string event_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
-  static std::string event_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> event_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> event_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
 
   /// Handle a event request under '/event<id>'.
   void handle_event_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match);
@@ -477,8 +478,8 @@ class WebServer : public Controller, public Component, public AsyncWebHandler {
   /// Handle a update request under '/update/<id>'.
   void handle_update_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match);
 
-  static std::string update_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
-  static std::string update_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> update_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
+  static json::SerializationBuffer<> update_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
 #endif
 
   /// Override the web handler's canHandle method.
@@ -586,71 +587,74 @@ class WebServer : public Controller, public Component, public AsyncWebHandler {
 
  private:
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
-  std::string sensor_json_(sensor::Sensor *obj, float value, JsonDetail start_config);
+  json::SerializationBuffer<> sensor_json_(sensor::Sensor *obj, float value, JsonDetail start_config);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SWITCH
-  std::string switch_json_(switch_::Switch *obj, bool value, JsonDetail start_config);
+  json::SerializationBuffer<> switch_json_(switch_::Switch *obj, bool value, JsonDetail start_config);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BUTTON
-  std::string button_json_(button::Button *obj, JsonDetail start_config);
+  json::SerializationBuffer<> button_json_(button::Button *obj, JsonDetail start_config);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
-  std::string binary_sensor_json_(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *obj, bool value, JsonDetail start_config);
+  json::SerializationBuffer<> binary_sensor_json_(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *obj, bool value,
+                                                  JsonDetail start_config);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_FAN
-  std::string fan_json_(fan::Fan *obj, JsonDetail start_config);
+  json::SerializationBuffer<> fan_json_(fan::Fan *obj, JsonDetail start_config);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_LIGHT
-  std::string light_json_(light::LightState *obj, JsonDetail start_config);
+  json::SerializationBuffer<> light_json_(light::LightState *obj, JsonDetail start_config);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
-  std::string text_sensor_json_(text_sensor::TextSensor *obj, const std::string &value, JsonDetail start_config);
+  json::SerializationBuffer<> text_sensor_json_(text_sensor::TextSensor *obj, const std::string &value,
+                                                JsonDetail start_config);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_COVER
-  std::string cover_json_(cover::Cover *obj, JsonDetail start_config);
+  json::SerializationBuffer<> cover_json_(cover::Cover *obj, JsonDetail start_config);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_NUMBER
-  std::string number_json_(number::Number *obj, float value, JsonDetail start_config);
+  json::SerializationBuffer<> number_json_(number::Number *obj, float value, JsonDetail start_config);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATE
-  std::string date_json_(datetime::DateEntity *obj, JsonDetail start_config);
+  json::SerializationBuffer<> date_json_(datetime::DateEntity *obj, JsonDetail start_config);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_TIME
-  std::string time_json_(datetime::TimeEntity *obj, JsonDetail start_config);
+  json::SerializationBuffer<> time_json_(datetime::TimeEntity *obj, JsonDetail start_config);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATETIME
-  std::string datetime_json_(datetime::DateTimeEntity *obj, JsonDetail start_config);
+  json::SerializationBuffer<> datetime_json_(datetime::DateTimeEntity *obj, JsonDetail start_config);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_TEXT
-  std::string text_json_(text::Text *obj, const std::string &value, JsonDetail start_config);
+  json::SerializationBuffer<> text_json_(text::Text *obj, const std::string &value, JsonDetail start_config);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
-  std::string select_json_(select::Select *obj, StringRef value, JsonDetail start_config);
+  json::SerializationBuffer<> select_json_(select::Select *obj, StringRef value, JsonDetail start_config);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_CLIMATE
-  std::string climate_json_(climate::Climate *obj, JsonDetail start_config);
+  json::SerializationBuffer<> climate_json_(climate::Climate *obj, JsonDetail start_config);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_LOCK
-  std::string lock_json_(lock::Lock *obj, lock::LockState value, JsonDetail start_config);
+  json::SerializationBuffer<> lock_json_(lock::Lock *obj, lock::LockState value, JsonDetail start_config);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_VALVE
-  std::string valve_json_(valve::Valve *obj, JsonDetail start_config);
+  json::SerializationBuffer<> valve_json_(valve::Valve *obj, JsonDetail start_config);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL
-  std::string alarm_control_panel_json_(alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanel *obj,
-                                        alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanelState value, JsonDetail start_config);
+  json::SerializationBuffer<> alarm_control_panel_json_(alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanel *obj,
+                                                        alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanelState value,
+                                                        JsonDetail start_config);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_EVENT
-  std::string event_json_(event::Event *obj, StringRef event_type, JsonDetail start_config);
+  json::SerializationBuffer<> event_json_(event::Event *obj, StringRef event_type, JsonDetail start_config);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_WATER_HEATER
-  std::string water_heater_json_(water_heater::WaterHeater *obj, JsonDetail start_config);
+  json::SerializationBuffer<> water_heater_json_(water_heater::WaterHeater *obj, JsonDetail start_config);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_INFRARED
-  std::string infrared_json_(infrared::Infrared *obj, JsonDetail start_config);
+  json::SerializationBuffer<> infrared_json_(infrared::Infrared *obj, JsonDetail start_config);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_UPDATE
-  std::string update_json_(update::UpdateEntity *obj, JsonDetail start_config);
+  json::SerializationBuffer<> update_json_(update::UpdateEntity *obj, JsonDetail start_config);
 #endif
 };
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp
index 1798159e7f..4034a22586 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp
@@ -563,7 +563,7 @@ AsyncEventSourceResponse::AsyncEventSourceResponse(const AsyncWebServerRequest *
 
   // Configure reconnect timeout and send config
   // this should always go through since the tcp send buffer is empty on connect
-  std::string message = ws->get_config_json();
+  auto message = ws->get_config_json();
   this->try_send_nodefer(message.c_str(), "ping", millis(), 30000);
 
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_SORTING
@@ -617,7 +617,7 @@ void AsyncEventSourceResponse::deq_push_back_with_dedup_(void *source, message_g
 void AsyncEventSourceResponse::process_deferred_queue_() {
   while (!deferred_queue_.empty()) {
     DeferredEvent &de = deferred_queue_.front();
-    std::string message = de.message_generator_(web_server_, de.source_);
+    auto message = de.message_generator_(web_server_, de.source_);
     if (this->try_send_nodefer(message.c_str(), "state")) {
       // O(n) but memory efficiency is more important than speed here which is why std::vector was chosen
       deferred_queue_.erase(deferred_queue_.begin());
@@ -854,7 +854,7 @@ void AsyncEventSourceResponse::deferrable_send_state(void *source, const char *e
     // trying to send first
     deq_push_back_with_dedup_(source, message_generator);
   } else {
-    std::string message = message_generator(web_server_, source);
+    auto message = message_generator(web_server_, source);
     if (!this->try_send_nodefer(message.c_str(), "state")) {
       deq_push_back_with_dedup_(source, message_generator);
     }
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.h b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.h
index 74601ffda8..76ddfa35fd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.h
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.h
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER
+#include "esphome/components/json/json_util.h"
 #include "esphome/components/web_server/list_entities.h"
 #endif
 
@@ -250,7 +251,7 @@ class AsyncWebHandler {
 class AsyncEventSource;
 class AsyncEventSourceResponse;
 
-using message_generator_t = std::string(esphome::web_server::WebServer *, void *);
+using message_generator_t = json::SerializationBuffer<>(esphome::web_server::WebServer *, void *);
 
 /*
   This class holds a pointer to the source component that wants to publish a state event, and a pointer to a function
diff --git a/tests/components/json/common.yaml b/tests/components/json/common.yaml
index c36c7f2a5a..c4bf6c3831 100644
--- a/tests/components/json/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/json/common.yaml
@@ -4,15 +4,16 @@ interval:
   - interval: 60s
     then:
       - lambda: |-
-          // Test build_json
-          std::string json_str = esphome::json::build_json([](JsonObject root) {
+          // Test build_json - returns SerializationBuffer, use auto to avoid heap allocation
+          auto json_buf = esphome::json::build_json([](JsonObject root) {
             root["sensor"] = "temperature";
             root["value"] = 23.5;
             root["unit"] = "°C";
           });
-          ESP_LOGD("test", "Built JSON: %s", json_str.c_str());
+          ESP_LOGD("test", "Built JSON: %s", json_buf.c_str());
 
-          // Test parse_json
+          // Test parse_json - implicit conversion to std::string for backward compatibility
+          std::string json_str = json_buf;
           bool parse_ok = esphome::json::parse_json(json_str, [](JsonObject root) {
             if (root["sensor"].is<const char*>() && root["value"].is<float>()) {
               const char* sensor = root["sensor"];
@@ -26,10 +27,10 @@ interval:
           });
           ESP_LOGD("test", "Parse result (JSON syntax only): %s", parse_ok ? "success" : "failed");
 
-          // Test JsonBuilder class
+          // Test JsonBuilder class - returns SerializationBuffer
           esphome::json::JsonBuilder builder;
           JsonObject obj = builder.root();
           obj["test"] = "direct_builder";
           obj["count"] = 42;
-          std::string result = builder.serialize();
+          auto result = builder.serialize();
           ESP_LOGD("test", "JsonBuilder result: %s", result.c_str());

From 17a810b939ba7ab0019fa65149e2db2622d2466c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2026 15:14:48 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 096/609] [wifi] Sync output_power with PHY max TX power to
 prevent brownout (#14118)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py | 8 ++++++++
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py b/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
index e865de8663..afceec6c54 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import logging
+import math
 
 from esphome import automation
 from esphome.automation import Condition
@@ -493,6 +494,13 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add(var.set_passive_scan(True))
     if CONF_OUTPUT_POWER in config:
         cg.add(var.set_output_power(config[CONF_OUTPUT_POWER]))
+        if CORE.is_esp32:
+            # Set PHY max TX power to match output_power so calibration also uses
+            # reduced power. This prevents brownout during PHY init on marginal
+            # power supplies, which is critical for OTA updates with rollback enabled.
+            # Kconfig range is 10-20, ESPHome allows 8.5-20.5
+            phy_tx_power = max(10, min(20, math.ceil(config[CONF_OUTPUT_POWER])))
+            add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ESP_PHY_MAX_WIFI_TX_POWER", phy_tx_power)
     # enable_on_boot defaults to true in C++ - only set if false
     if not config[CONF_ENABLE_ON_BOOT]:
         cg.add(var.set_enable_on_boot(False))

From cceb109303f16a8723b11e3e9bf9a26f985be197 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2026 17:48:18 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 097/609] [uart] Always call pin setup for UART0 default pins
 on ESP-IDF (#14130)

---
 .../uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp           | 21 +++++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp
index 6c242220a6..ea7a09fee6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,13 @@ namespace esphome::uart {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "uart.idf";
 
+/// Check if a pin number matches one of the default UART0 GPIO pins.
+/// These pins may have residual state from the boot console that requires
+/// explicit reset before UART reconfiguration (ESP-IDF issue #17459).
+static constexpr bool is_default_uart0_pin(int8_t pin_num) {
+  return pin_num == U0TXD_GPIO_NUM || pin_num == U0RXD_GPIO_NUM;
+}
+
 uart_config_t IDFUARTComponent::get_config_() {
   uart_parity_t parity = UART_PARITY_DISABLE;
   if (this->parity_ == UART_CONFIG_PARITY_EVEN) {
@@ -150,20 +157,26 @@ void IDFUARTComponent::load_settings(bool dump_config) {
   // Commit 9ed617fb17 removed gpio_func_sel() calls from uart_set_pin(), which breaks
   // UART on default UART0 pins that may have residual state from boot console.
   // Reset these pins before configuring UART to ensure they're in a clean state.
-  if (tx == U0TXD_GPIO_NUM || tx == U0RXD_GPIO_NUM) {
+  if (is_default_uart0_pin(tx)) {
     gpio_reset_pin(static_cast<gpio_num_t>(tx));
   }
-  if (rx == U0TXD_GPIO_NUM || rx == U0RXD_GPIO_NUM) {
+  if (is_default_uart0_pin(rx)) {
     gpio_reset_pin(static_cast<gpio_num_t>(rx));
   }
 
-  // Setup pins after reset to preserve open drain/pullup/pulldown flags
+  // Setup pins after reset to configure GPIO direction and pull resistors.
+  // For UART0 default pins, setup() must always be called because gpio_reset_pin()
+  // above sets GPIO_MODE_DISABLE which disables the input buffer. Without setup(),
+  // uart_set_pin() on ESP-IDF 5.4.2+ does not re-enable the input buffer for
+  // IOMUX-connected pins, so the RX pin cannot receive data (see issue #10132).
+  // For other pins, only call setup() if pull or open-drain flags are set to avoid
+  // disturbing the default pin state which breaks some external components (#11823).
   auto setup_pin_if_needed = [](InternalGPIOPin *pin) {
     if (!pin) {
       return;
     }
     const auto mask = gpio::Flags::FLAG_OPEN_DRAIN | gpio::Flags::FLAG_PULLUP | gpio::Flags::FLAG_PULLDOWN;
-    if ((pin->get_flags() & mask) != gpio::Flags::FLAG_NONE) {
+    if (is_default_uart0_pin(pin->get_pin()) || (pin->get_flags() & mask) != gpio::Flags::FLAG_NONE) {
       pin->setup();
     }
   };

From 1b4de55efda47b59e1572f432ef40b932311da38 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2026 19:12:37 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 098/609] [pulse_counter] Fix PCNT glitch filter calculation
 off by 1000x (#14132)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/pulse_counter/pulse_counter_sensor.cpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/pulse_counter/pulse_counter_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/pulse_counter/pulse_counter_sensor.cpp
index ef4cc980f6..5e62c0a410 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pulse_counter/pulse_counter_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pulse_counter/pulse_counter_sensor.cpp
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ bool HwPulseCounterStorage::pulse_counter_setup(InternalGPIOPin *pin) {
   }
 
   if (this->filter_us != 0) {
-    uint32_t max_glitch_ns = PCNT_LL_MAX_GLITCH_WIDTH * 1000000u / (uint32_t) esp_clk_apb_freq();
+    uint32_t max_glitch_ns = PCNT_LL_MAX_GLITCH_WIDTH * 1000u / ((uint32_t) esp_clk_apb_freq() / 1000000u);
     pcnt_glitch_filter_config_t filter_config = {
         .max_glitch_ns = std::min(this->filter_us * 1000u, max_glitch_ns),
     };

From d29288547ec2d5b9e68b61c2186522efaad041b7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2026 18:54:33 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 099/609] [core] Use constexpr for PROGMEM arrays (#14127)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/cpp_generator.py               | 2 +-
 tests/unit_tests/test_cpp_generator.py | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/cpp_generator.py b/esphome/cpp_generator.py
index 83f2d6cf81..fe666bdd6e 100644
--- a/esphome/cpp_generator.py
+++ b/esphome/cpp_generator.py
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ class ProgmemAssignmentExpression(AssignmentExpression):
         super().__init__(type_, "", name, rhs)
 
     def __str__(self):
-        return f"static const {self.type} {self.name}[] PROGMEM = {self.rhs}"
+        return f"static constexpr {self.type} {self.name}[] PROGMEM = {self.rhs}"
 
 
 class StaticConstAssignmentExpression(AssignmentExpression):
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_cpp_generator.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_cpp_generator.py
index 8755e6e2a1..049d21027f 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_cpp_generator.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_cpp_generator.py
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ class TestStatements:
             ),
             (
                 cg.ProgmemAssignmentExpression(ct.uint16, "foo", "bar"),
-                'static const uint16_t foo[] PROGMEM = "bar"',
+                'static constexpr uint16_t foo[] PROGMEM = "bar"',
             ),
         ),
     )

From 94712b3961dd962d0a43636301c5edccd08121b2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2026 18:54:44 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 100/609] [esp8266][web_server] Use constexpr for PROGMEM
 arrays in codegen (#14128)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/esp8266/gpio.py        | 4 ++--
 esphome/components/web_server/__init__.py | 6 ++----
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266/gpio.py b/esphome/components/esp8266/gpio.py
index 2e8d6496bc..43508afaf9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp8266/gpio.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266/gpio.py
@@ -202,11 +202,11 @@ async def add_pin_initial_states_array():
 
     cg.add_global(
         cg.RawExpression(
-            f"const uint8_t ESPHOME_ESP8266_GPIO_INITIAL_MODE[16] PROGMEM = {{{initial_modes_s}}}"
+            f"constexpr uint8_t ESPHOME_ESP8266_GPIO_INITIAL_MODE[16] PROGMEM = {{{initial_modes_s}}}"
         )
     )
     cg.add_global(
         cg.RawExpression(
-            f"const uint8_t ESPHOME_ESP8266_GPIO_INITIAL_LEVEL[16] PROGMEM = {{{initial_levels_s}}}"
+            f"constexpr uint8_t ESPHOME_ESP8266_GPIO_INITIAL_LEVEL[16] PROGMEM = {{{initial_levels_s}}}"
         )
     )
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/__init__.py b/esphome/components/web_server/__init__.py
index 294a5e0a15..9305a2de61 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/__init__.py
@@ -280,10 +280,8 @@ def add_resource_as_progmem(
         content_encoded = gzip.compress(content_encoded)
     content_encoded_size = len(content_encoded)
     bytes_as_int = ", ".join(str(x) for x in content_encoded)
-    uint8_t = f"const uint8_t ESPHOME_WEBSERVER_{resource_name}[{content_encoded_size}] PROGMEM = {{{bytes_as_int}}}"
-    size_t = (
-        f"const size_t ESPHOME_WEBSERVER_{resource_name}_SIZE = {content_encoded_size}"
-    )
+    uint8_t = f"constexpr uint8_t ESPHOME_WEBSERVER_{resource_name}[{content_encoded_size}] PROGMEM = {{{bytes_as_int}}}"
+    size_t = f"constexpr size_t ESPHOME_WEBSERVER_{resource_name}_SIZE = {content_encoded_size}"
     cg.add_global(cg.RawExpression(uint8_t))
     cg.add_global(cg.RawExpression(size_t))
 

From c1265a9490711813a6036b8a772dd36e3e871089 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2026 18:54:57 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 101/609] [core] Use constexpr for hand-written PROGMEM arrays
 in C++ (#14129)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .../components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp |  2 +-
 esphome/components/bme680/bme680.cpp          |  8 +++---
 .../components/captive_portal/captive_index.h |  4 +--
 esphome/components/display/display.cpp        |  6 ++--
 esphome/components/ili9xxx/ili9xxx_init.h     | 28 +++++++++----------
 esphome/components/max7219/max7219.cpp        |  2 +-
 esphome/components/max7219digit/max7219font.h |  2 +-
 .../components/ssd1306_base/ssd1306_base.cpp  |  2 +-
 esphome/components/st7735/st7735.cpp          |  2 +-
 esphome/components/tm1621/tm1621.cpp          |  2 +-
 esphome/components/tm1637/tm1637.cpp          |  2 +-
 esphome/components/tm1638/sevenseg.h          |  2 +-
 .../components/web_server/server_index_v2.h   |  4 +--
 .../components/web_server/server_index_v3.h   |  4 +--
 14 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 35 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp
index 492988128a..2aad732f7f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ namespace esphome::api {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "api.noise";
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266
-static const char PROLOGUE_INIT[] PROGMEM = "NoiseAPIInit";
+static constexpr char PROLOGUE_INIT[] PROGMEM = "NoiseAPIInit";
 #else
 static const char *const PROLOGUE_INIT = "NoiseAPIInit";
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/bme680/bme680.cpp b/esphome/components/bme680/bme680.cpp
index 5e52c84b3d..e3cd80de00 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bme680/bme680.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/bme680/bme680.cpp
@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ static const uint8_t BME680_REGISTER_CHIPID = 0xD0;
 
 static const uint8_t BME680_REGISTER_FIELD0 = 0x1D;
 
-const float BME680_GAS_LOOKUP_TABLE_1[16] PROGMEM = {0.0, 0.0, 0.0,  0.0,  0.0, -1.0, 0.0, -0.8,
-                                                     0.0, 0.0, -0.2, -0.5, 0.0, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0};
+constexpr float BME680_GAS_LOOKUP_TABLE_1[16] PROGMEM = {0.0, 0.0, 0.0,  0.0,  0.0, -1.0, 0.0, -0.8,
+                                                         0.0, 0.0, -0.2, -0.5, 0.0, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0};
 
-const float BME680_GAS_LOOKUP_TABLE_2[16] PROGMEM = {0.0,  0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.1, 0.7, 0.0, -0.8,
-                                                     -0.1, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0};
+constexpr float BME680_GAS_LOOKUP_TABLE_2[16] PROGMEM = {0.0,  0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.1, 0.7, 0.0, -0.8,
+                                                         -0.1, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0};
 
 [[maybe_unused]] static const char *oversampling_to_str(BME680Oversampling oversampling) {
   switch (oversampling) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_index.h b/esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_index.h
index 645ebb7a2f..a81edc1900 100644
--- a/esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_index.h
+++ b/esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_index.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 namespace esphome::captive_portal {
 
 #ifdef USE_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_GZIP
-const uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
+constexpr uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
     0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x95, 0x16, 0x6b, 0x8f, 0xdb, 0x36, 0xf2, 0x7b, 0x7e,
     0x05, 0x8f, 0x49, 0xbb, 0x52, 0xb3, 0x7a, 0x7a, 0xed, 0x6c, 0x24, 0x51, 0x45, 0x9a, 0xbb, 0xa2, 0x05, 0x9a, 0x36,
     0xc0, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x1f, 0x82, 0x00, 0x4b, 0x53, 0x23, 0x8b, 0x31, 0x45, 0xea, 0x48, 0xca, 0x8f, 0x18, 0xbe, 0xdf,
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ const uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
     0xfc, 0xda, 0xd1, 0xf8, 0xe9, 0xa3, 0xe1, 0xa6, 0xfb, 0x1f, 0x53, 0x58, 0x46, 0xb2, 0xf9, 0x0a, 0x00, 0x00};
 
 #else  // Brotli (default, smaller)
-const uint8_t INDEX_BR[] PROGMEM = {
+constexpr uint8_t INDEX_BR[] PROGMEM = {
     0x1b, 0xf8, 0x0a, 0x00, 0x64, 0x5a, 0xd3, 0xfa, 0xe7, 0xf3, 0x62, 0xd8, 0x06, 0x1b, 0xe9, 0x6a, 0x8a, 0x81, 0x2b,
     0xb5, 0x49, 0x14, 0x37, 0xdc, 0x9e, 0x1a, 0xcb, 0x56, 0x87, 0xfb, 0xff, 0xf7, 0x73, 0x75, 0x12, 0x0a, 0xd6, 0x48,
     0x84, 0xc6, 0x21, 0xa4, 0x6d, 0xb5, 0x71, 0xef, 0x13, 0xbe, 0x4e, 0x54, 0xf1, 0x64, 0x8f, 0x3f, 0xcc, 0x9a, 0x78,
diff --git a/esphome/components/display/display.cpp b/esphome/components/display/display.cpp
index 53a087803c..2bd7d03600 100644
--- a/esphome/components/display/display.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/display/display.cpp
@@ -810,9 +810,9 @@ bool Display::clamp_y_(int y, int h, int &min_y, int &max_y) {
   return min_y < max_y;
 }
 
-const uint8_t TESTCARD_FONT[3][8] PROGMEM = {{0x41, 0x7F, 0x7F, 0x09, 0x19, 0x7F, 0x66, 0x00},   // 'R'
-                                             {0x1C, 0x3E, 0x63, 0x41, 0x51, 0x73, 0x72, 0x00},   // 'G'
-                                             {0x41, 0x7F, 0x7F, 0x49, 0x49, 0x7F, 0x36, 0x00}};  // 'B'
+constexpr uint8_t TESTCARD_FONT[3][8] PROGMEM = {{0x41, 0x7F, 0x7F, 0x09, 0x19, 0x7F, 0x66, 0x00},   // 'R'
+                                                 {0x1C, 0x3E, 0x63, 0x41, 0x51, 0x73, 0x72, 0x00},   // 'G'
+                                                 {0x41, 0x7F, 0x7F, 0x49, 0x49, 0x7F, 0x36, 0x00}};  // 'B'
 
 void Display::test_card() {
   int w = get_width(), h = get_height(), image_w, image_h;
diff --git a/esphome/components/ili9xxx/ili9xxx_init.h b/esphome/components/ili9xxx/ili9xxx_init.h
index 7b176ed57a..f0c6a94a65 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ili9xxx/ili9xxx_init.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ili9xxx/ili9xxx_init.h
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ namespace esphome {
 namespace ili9xxx {
 
 // clang-format off
-static const uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_M5STACK[] = {
+static constexpr uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_M5STACK[] = {
   0xEF, 3, 0x03, 0x80, 0x02,
   0xCF, 3, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x30,
   0xED, 4, 0x64, 0x03, 0x12, 0x81,
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ static const uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_M5STACK[] = {
   0x00                                   // End of list
 };
 
-static const uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_M5CORE[] = {
+static constexpr uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_M5CORE[] = {
   ILI9XXX_SETEXTC, 3, 0xFF,0x93,0x42,   // Turn on the external command
   ILI9XXX_PWCTR1 , 2, 0x12, 0x12,
   ILI9XXX_PWCTR2 , 1, 0x03,
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ static const uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_M5CORE[] = {
 
 
 
-static const uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_ILI9341[] = {
+static constexpr uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_ILI9341[] = {
   0xEF, 3, 0x03, 0x80, 0x02,
   0xCF, 3, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x30,
   0xED, 4, 0x64, 0x03, 0x12, 0x81,
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ static const uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_ILI9341[] = {
   0x00                                   // End of list
 };
 
-static const uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_ILI9481[] = {
+static constexpr uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_ILI9481[] = {
   ILI9XXX_SLPOUT ,  0x80,    // Exit sleep mode
   ILI9XXX_PWSET  , 3, 0x07, 0x41, 0x1D,
   ILI9XXX_VMCTR  , 3, 0x00, 0x1C, 0x1F,
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ static const uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_ILI9481[] = {
   0x00 // end
 };
 
-static const uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_ILI9481_18[] = {
+static constexpr uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_ILI9481_18[] = {
     ILI9XXX_SLPOUT ,  0x80,    // Exit sleep mode
     ILI9XXX_PWSET  , 3, 0x07, 0x41, 0x1D,
     ILI9XXX_VMCTR  , 3, 0x00, 0x1C, 0x1F,
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ static const uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_ILI9481_18[] = {
     0x00 // end
 };
 
-static const uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_ILI9486[] = {
+static constexpr uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_ILI9486[] = {
   ILI9XXX_SLPOUT, 0x80,
   ILI9XXX_PIXFMT, 1, 0x55,
   ILI9XXX_PWCTR3, 1, 0x44,
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ static const uint8_t INITCMD_WAVESHARE_RES_3_5[] = {
     0x00                                   // End of list
 };
 
-static const uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_ILI9488_A[] = {
+static constexpr uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_ILI9488_A[] = {
   ILI9XXX_GMCTRP1,15, 0x00, 0x03, 0x09, 0x08, 0x16, 0x0A, 0x3F, 0x78, 0x4C, 0x09, 0x0A, 0x08, 0x16, 0x1A, 0x0F,
   ILI9XXX_GMCTRN1,15, 0x00, 0x16, 0x19, 0x03, 0x0F, 0x05, 0x32, 0x45, 0x46, 0x04, 0x0E, 0x0D, 0x35, 0x37, 0x0F,
 
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ static const uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_ILI9488_A[] = {
   0x00 // end
 };
 
-static const uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_ST7796[] = {
+static constexpr uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_ST7796[] = {
   // This ST7796S initilization routine was copied from https://github.com/prenticedavid/Adafruit_ST7796S_kbv/blob/master/Adafruit_ST7796S_kbv.cpp
   ILI9XXX_SWRESET, 0x80,         // Soft reset, then delay 150 ms
   ILI9XXX_CSCON, 1, 0xC3,              // ?? Unlock Manufacturer
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ static const uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_ST7796[] = {
   0x00                                   // End of list
 };
 
-static const uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_S3BOX[] = {
+static constexpr uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_S3BOX[] = {
   0xEF, 3, 0x03, 0x80, 0x02,
   0xCF, 3, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x30,
   0xED, 4, 0x64, 0x03, 0x12, 0x81,
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ static const uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_S3BOX[] = {
   0x00                                   // End of list
 };
 
-static const uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_S3BOXLITE[] = {
+static constexpr uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_S3BOXLITE[] = {
   0xEF, 3, 0x03, 0x80, 0x02,
   0xCF, 3, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x30,
   0xED, 4, 0x64, 0x03, 0x12, 0x81,
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ static const uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_S3BOXLITE[] = {
   0x00                                   // End of list
 };
 
-static const uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_ST7789V[] = {
+static constexpr uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_ST7789V[] = {
   ILI9XXX_SLPOUT  , 0x80,                // Exit Sleep
   ILI9XXX_DISPON  , 0x80,                // Display on
   ILI9XXX_MADCTL  , 1, 0x08,             // Memory Access Control, BGR
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ static const uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_ST7789V[] = {
   0x00                                   // End of list
 };
 
-static const uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_GC9A01A[] = {
+static constexpr uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_GC9A01A[] = {
   0xEF, 0,
   0xEB, 1, 0x14, // ?
   0xFE, 0,
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ static const uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_GC9A01A[] = {
   0x00                  // End of list
 };
 
-static const uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_GC9D01N[] = {
+static constexpr uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_GC9D01N[] = {
   // Enable Inter_command
   0xFE, 0,          // Inter Register Enable 1 (FEh)
   0xEF, 0,          // Inter Register Enable 2 (EFh)
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ static const uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_GC9D01N[] = {
   0x00                    // End of list
 };
 
-static const uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_ST7735[] = {
+static constexpr uint8_t PROGMEM INITCMD_ST7735[] = {
     ILI9XXX_SWRESET, 0,         // Soft reset, then delay 10ms
     ILI9XXX_DELAY(10),
     ILI9XXX_SLPOUT  , 0,                // Exit Sleep, delay
diff --git a/esphome/components/max7219/max7219.cpp b/esphome/components/max7219/max7219.cpp
index d701e6fc86..bec62ea005 100644
--- a/esphome/components/max7219/max7219.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/max7219/max7219.cpp
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ static const uint8_t MAX7219_REGISTER_SHUTDOWN = 0x0C;
 static const uint8_t MAX7219_REGISTER_TEST = 0x0F;
 static const uint8_t MAX7219_UNKNOWN_CHAR = 0b11111111;
 
-const uint8_t MAX7219_ASCII_TO_RAW[95] PROGMEM = {
+constexpr uint8_t MAX7219_ASCII_TO_RAW[95] PROGMEM = {
     0b00000000,            // ' ', ord 0x20
     0b10110000,            // '!', ord 0x21
     0b00100010,            // '"', ord 0x22
diff --git a/esphome/components/max7219digit/max7219font.h b/esphome/components/max7219digit/max7219font.h
index 22d64d1ecd..53674dc60f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/max7219digit/max7219font.h
+++ b/esphome/components/max7219digit/max7219font.h
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ namespace max7219digit {
 
 // bit patterns for the CP437 font
 
-const uint8_t MAX7219_DOT_MATRIX_FONT[256][8] PROGMEM = {
+constexpr uint8_t MAX7219_DOT_MATRIX_FONT[256][8] PROGMEM = {
     {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00},  // 0x00
     {0x7E, 0x81, 0x95, 0xB1, 0xB1, 0x95, 0x81, 0x7E},  // 0x01
     {0x7E, 0xFF, 0xEB, 0xCF, 0xCF, 0xEB, 0xFF, 0x7E},  // 0x02
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1306_base/ssd1306_base.cpp b/esphome/components/ssd1306_base/ssd1306_base.cpp
index be99bd93da..5bd83ec8a8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1306_base/ssd1306_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1306_base/ssd1306_base.cpp
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ struct ModelDimensions {
   uint8_t width;
   uint8_t height;
 };
-static const ModelDimensions MODEL_DIMS[] PROGMEM = {
+static constexpr ModelDimensions MODEL_DIMS[] PROGMEM = {
     {128, 32},   // SSD1306_MODEL_128_32
     {128, 64},   // SSD1306_MODEL_128_64
     {96, 16},    // SSD1306_MODEL_96_16
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7735/st7735.cpp b/esphome/components/st7735/st7735.cpp
index 1a74b5ce1e..58459b79bb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/st7735/st7735.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/st7735/st7735.cpp
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ static const uint8_t ST7735_GMCTRP1 = 0xE0;
 static const uint8_t ST7735_GMCTRN1 = 0xE1;
 
 // clang-format off
-static const uint8_t PROGMEM
+static constexpr uint8_t PROGMEM
   BCMD[] = {                        // Init commands for 7735B screens
     18,                             // 18 commands in list:
     ST77XX_SWRESET,   ST_CMD_DELAY, //  1: Software reset, no args, w/delay
diff --git a/esphome/components/tm1621/tm1621.cpp b/esphome/components/tm1621/tm1621.cpp
index 6859973857..c82d306460 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tm1621/tm1621.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/tm1621/tm1621.cpp
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ enum Tm1621Device { TM1621_USER, TM1621_POWR316D, TM1621_THR316D };
 const uint8_t TM1621_COMMANDS[] = {TM1621_SYS_EN,  TM1621_LCD_ON,   TM1621_BIAS,   TM1621_TIMER_DIS,
                                    TM1621_WDT_DIS, TM1621_TONE_OFF, TM1621_IRQ_DIS};
 
-const char TM1621_KCHAR[] PROGMEM = {"0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|-| "};
+constexpr char TM1621_KCHAR[] PROGMEM = {"0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|-| "};
 //                                          0     1     2     3     4     5     6     7     8     9     -     off
 const uint8_t TM1621_DIGIT_ROW[2][12] = {{0x5F, 0x50, 0x3D, 0x79, 0x72, 0x6B, 0x6F, 0x51, 0x7F, 0x7B, 0x20, 0x00},
                                          {0xF5, 0x05, 0xB6, 0x97, 0x47, 0xD3, 0xF3, 0x85, 0xF7, 0xD7, 0x02, 0x00}};
diff --git a/esphome/components/tm1637/tm1637.cpp b/esphome/components/tm1637/tm1637.cpp
index 49da01472f..f9c876f40c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tm1637/tm1637.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/tm1637/tm1637.cpp
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ const uint8_t TM1637_DATA_FIXED_ADDR = 0x04;     //!< Fixed address
 //     ---
 //      D   X
 // XABCDEFG
-const uint8_t TM1637_ASCII_TO_RAW[] PROGMEM = {
+constexpr uint8_t TM1637_ASCII_TO_RAW[] PROGMEM = {
     0b00000000,           // ' ', ord 0x20
     0b10110000,           // '!', ord 0x21
     0b00100010,           // '"', ord 0x22
diff --git a/esphome/components/tm1638/sevenseg.h b/esphome/components/tm1638/sevenseg.h
index e20a55a69f..a4c16c7422 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tm1638/sevenseg.h
+++ b/esphome/components/tm1638/sevenseg.h
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ namespace esphome {
 namespace tm1638 {
 namespace TM1638Translation {
 
-const unsigned char SEVEN_SEG[] PROGMEM = {
+constexpr unsigned char SEVEN_SEG[] PROGMEM = {
     0x00, /* (space) */
     0x86, /* ! */
     0x22, /* " */
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v2.h b/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v2.h
index cc37db6a6b..b5dac9ae4c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v2.h
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v2.h
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 namespace esphome::web_server {
 
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_GZIP
-const uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
+constexpr uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
     0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0xed, 0x7d, 0xd9, 0x72, 0xdb, 0x48, 0xb6, 0xe0, 0xf3,
     0xd4, 0x57, 0x40, 0x28, 0xb5, 0x8c, 0x2c, 0x26, 0xc1, 0x45, 0x92, 0x2d, 0x83, 0x4a, 0xb2, 0x65, 0xd9, 0xd5, 0x76,
     0x97, 0xb7, 0xb6, 0xec, 0xda, 0x58, 0x6c, 0x09, 0x02, 0x92, 0x44, 0x96, 0x41, 0x80, 0x05, 0x24, 0xb5, 0x14, 0x89,
@@ -697,7 +697,7 @@ const uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
     0x56, 0x78, 0xff, 0xff, 0x01, 0xa2, 0x89, 0x8c, 0x0d, 0xc4, 0x97, 0x00, 0x00};
 
 #else  // Brotli (default, smaller)
-const uint8_t INDEX_BR[] PROGMEM = {
+constexpr uint8_t INDEX_BR[] PROGMEM = {
     0x1b, 0xc3, 0x97, 0x11, 0x55, 0xb5, 0x65, 0x2c, 0x8a, 0x8a, 0x55, 0x0b, 0xd0, 0xba, 0x80, 0x1b, 0x32, 0xb0, 0x81,
     0x4f, 0x27, 0x63, 0xf1, 0x7e, 0x88, 0xe3, 0xd8, 0x52, 0x84, 0x55, 0xe8, 0x35, 0x5b, 0x2b, 0x82, 0xe1, 0xed, 0x1f,
     0xfd, 0xde, 0x63, 0x38, 0x3a, 0x71, 0x78, 0xb0, 0x42, 0x17, 0x15, 0x54, 0x23, 0xe1, 0xaa, 0x28, 0x11, 0x94, 0x23,
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v3.h b/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v3.h
index bd47071dce..1f61b19fb5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v3.h
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v3.h
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 namespace esphome::web_server {
 
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_GZIP
-const uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
+constexpr uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
     0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0xcc, 0xbd, 0x7b, 0x7f, 0x1a, 0xb9, 0xb2, 0x28, 0xfa,
     0xf7, 0x3d, 0x9f, 0xc2, 0xee, 0x9d, 0xf1, 0xb4, 0x8c, 0x68, 0x03, 0x36, 0x8e, 0xd3, 0x58, 0xe6, 0xe4, 0x39, 0xc9,
     0x3c, 0x92, 0x4c, 0x9c, 0x64, 0x26, 0xc3, 0xb0, 0x33, 0xa2, 0x11, 0xa0, 0xa4, 0x91, 0x98, 0x96, 0x88, 0xed, 0x01,
@@ -4104,7 +4104,7 @@ const uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
     0x37, 0x7a, 0x03, 0x00};
 
 #else  // Brotli (default, smaller)
-const uint8_t INDEX_BR[] PROGMEM = {
+constexpr uint8_t INDEX_BR[] PROGMEM = {
     0x5b, 0x36, 0x7a, 0x53, 0xc2, 0x36, 0x06, 0x5a, 0x1f, 0xd4, 0x4e, 0x00, 0xb3, 0xd6, 0xea, 0xff, 0x0a, 0xab, 0x51,
     0x94, 0xb1, 0xe6, 0xb0, 0x2e, 0x61, 0xbb, 0x1a, 0x70, 0x3b, 0xd8, 0x06, 0xfd, 0x7d, 0x2f, 0x1a, 0x00, 0x55, 0x35,
     0xe3, 0xa8, 0x1c, 0x62, 0xca, 0xd3, 0xb4, 0x00, 0xdb, 0x5e, 0x43, 0xa7, 0x14, 0x08, 0xa4, 0x51, 0x99, 0x96, 0xb6,

From afbc45bf32fe8146183d0d44fc16213cdebddbdb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2026 20:35:42 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 102/609] [e131] Drain all queued packets per loop iteration
 (#14133)

---
 esphome/components/e131/e131.cpp | 26 +++++---------------------
 esphome/components/e131/e131.h   |  9 +++++++++
 2 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/e131/e131.cpp b/esphome/components/e131/e131.cpp
index 941927122c..a7a695c167 100644
--- a/esphome/components/e131/e131.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/e131/e131.cpp
@@ -70,27 +70,12 @@ void E131Component::loop() {
   E131Packet packet;
   int universe = 0;
   uint8_t buf[1460];
+  ssize_t len;
 
-#if defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS) || defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS)
-  ssize_t len = this->socket_->read(buf, sizeof(buf));
-  if (len == -1) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  if (!this->packet_(buf, (size_t) len, universe, packet)) {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Invalid packet received of size %d.", (int) len);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  if (!this->process_(universe, packet)) {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Ignored packet for %d universe of size %d.", universe, packet.count);
-  }
-#elif defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP)
-  while (auto packet_size = this->udp_.parsePacket()) {
-    auto len = this->udp_.read(buf, sizeof(buf));
-    if (len <= 0)
-      continue;
-
+  // Drain all queued packets so multi-universe frames are applied
+  // atomically before the light writes. Without this, each universe
+  // packet would trigger a separate full-strip write causing tearing.
+  while ((len = this->read_(buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0) {
     if (!this->packet_(buf, (size_t) len, universe, packet)) {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Invalid packet received of size %d.", (int) len);
       continue;
@@ -100,7 +85,6 @@ void E131Component::loop() {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Ignored packet for %d universe of size %d.", universe, packet.count);
     }
   }
-#endif
 }
 
 void E131Component::add_effect(E131AddressableLightEffect *light_effect) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/e131/e131.h b/esphome/components/e131/e131.h
index fee447b678..8f0b808946 100644
--- a/esphome/components/e131/e131.h
+++ b/esphome/components/e131/e131.h
@@ -46,6 +46,15 @@ class E131Component : public esphome::Component {
   void set_method(E131ListenMethod listen_method) { this->listen_method_ = listen_method; }
 
  protected:
+  inline ssize_t read_(uint8_t *buf, size_t len) {
+#if defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS) || defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS)
+    return this->socket_->read(buf, len);
+#elif defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP)
+    if (!this->udp_.parsePacket())
+      return -1;
+    return this->udp_.read(buf, len);
+#endif
+  }
   bool packet_(const uint8_t *data, size_t len, int &universe, E131Packet &packet);
   bool process_(int universe, const E131Packet &packet);
   bool join_igmp_groups_();

From 7a2a149061c3b9480a3d1900f3e8cad1f1ad75ac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2026 21:43:29 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 103/609] [esp32] Bump ESP-IDF to 5.5.3 (#14122)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .clang-tidy.hash                         |  2 +-
 esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py     | 17 +++++++++++++----
 esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py | 15 +++++++++------
 platformio.ini                           |  4 ++--
 4 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.clang-tidy.hash b/.clang-tidy.hash
index d6d401ee66..df584fa716 100644
--- a/.clang-tidy.hash
+++ b/.clang-tidy.hash
@@ -1 +1 @@
-ce05c28e9dc0b12c4f6e7454986ffea5123ac974a949da841be698c535f2083e
+3258307fa645ba77307e502075c02c4d710e92c48250839db3526d36a9655444
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
index b1b3f0dc16..cdde1c4ed5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
@@ -643,7 +643,7 @@ ARDUINO_PLATFORM_VERSION_LOOKUP = {
 # These versions correspond to pioarduino/esp-idf releases
 # See: https://github.com/pioarduino/esp-idf/releases
 ARDUINO_IDF_VERSION_LOOKUP = {
-    cv.Version(3, 3, 7): cv.Version(5, 5, 2),
+    cv.Version(3, 3, 7): cv.Version(5, 5, 3),
     cv.Version(3, 3, 6): cv.Version(5, 5, 2),
     cv.Version(3, 3, 5): cv.Version(5, 5, 2),
     cv.Version(3, 3, 4): cv.Version(5, 5, 1),
@@ -662,11 +662,12 @@ ARDUINO_IDF_VERSION_LOOKUP = {
 # The default/recommended esp-idf framework version
 #  - https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/releases
 ESP_IDF_FRAMEWORK_VERSION_LOOKUP = {
-    "recommended": cv.Version(5, 5, 2),
-    "latest": cv.Version(5, 5, 2),
-    "dev": cv.Version(5, 5, 2),
+    "recommended": cv.Version(5, 5, 3),
+    "latest": cv.Version(5, 5, 3),
+    "dev": cv.Version(5, 5, 3),
 }
 ESP_IDF_PLATFORM_VERSION_LOOKUP = {
+    cv.Version(5, 5, 3): cv.Version(55, 3, 37),
     cv.Version(5, 5, 2): cv.Version(55, 3, 37),
     cv.Version(5, 5, 1): cv.Version(55, 3, 31, "2"),
     cv.Version(5, 5, 0): cv.Version(55, 3, 31, "2"),
@@ -1471,6 +1472,14 @@ async def to_code(config):
         f"CONFIG_ESPTOOLPY_FLASHSIZE_{config[CONF_FLASH_SIZE]}", True
     )
 
+    # ESP32-P4: ESP-IDF 5.5.3 changed the default of ESP32P4_SELECTS_REV_LESS_V3
+    # from y to n. PlatformIO uses sections.ld.in (for rev <3) or
+    # sections.rev3.ld.in (for rev >=3) based on board definition.
+    # Set the sdkconfig option to match the board's revision.
+    if variant == VARIANT_ESP32P4:
+        is_rev3 = "_r3" in config[CONF_BOARD]
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ESP32P4_SELECTS_REV_LESS_V3", not is_rev3)
+
     # Set minimum chip revision for ESP32 variant
     # Setting this to 3.0 or higher reduces flash size by excluding workaround code,
     # and for PSRAM users saves significant IRAM by keeping C library functions in ROM.
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py
index d2020ada22..80fcf051b9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py
@@ -413,18 +413,21 @@ def final_validation(config):
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ESP_HOSTED_ENABLE_BT_BLUEDROID", True)
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ESP_HOSTED_BLUEDROID_HCI_VHCI", True)
 
-    # Check if BLE Server is needed
-    has_ble_server = "esp32_ble_server" in full_config
-
     # Check if BLE Client is needed (via esp32_ble_tracker or esp32_ble_client)
     has_ble_client = (
         "esp32_ble_tracker" in full_config or "esp32_ble_client" in full_config
     )
 
-    # ESP-IDF BLE stack requires GATT Server to be enabled when GATT Client is enabled
-    # This is an internal dependency in the Bluedroid stack (tested ESP-IDF 5.4.2-5.5.1)
+    # Always enable GATTS: ESP-IDF 5.5.2.260206 has a bug in gatt_main.c where a
+    # GATT_TRACE_DEBUG references 'msg_len' outside the GATTS_INCLUDED/GATTC_INCLUDED
+    # guard, causing a compile error when both are disabled.
+    # Additionally, when GATT Client is enabled, GATT Server must also be enabled
+    # as an internal dependency in the Bluedroid stack.
     # See: https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/issues/17724
-    add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_BT_GATTS_ENABLE", has_ble_server or has_ble_client)
+    # TODO: Revert to conditional once the gatt_main.c bug is fixed upstream:
+    #   has_ble_server = "esp32_ble_server" in full_config
+    #   add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_BT_GATTS_ENABLE", has_ble_server or has_ble_client)
+    add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_BT_GATTS_ENABLE", True)
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_BT_GATTC_ENABLE", has_ble_client)
 
     # Handle max_connections: check for deprecated location in esp32_ble_tracker
diff --git a/platformio.ini b/platformio.ini
index 09b3d8722d..fdd6a36428 100644
--- a/platformio.ini
+++ b/platformio.ini
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ extends = common:arduino
 platform = https://github.com/pioarduino/platform-espressif32/releases/download/55.03.37/platform-espressif32.zip
 platform_packages =
     pioarduino/framework-arduinoespressif32@https://github.com/espressif/arduino-esp32/releases/download/3.3.7/esp32-core-3.3.7.tar.xz
-    pioarduino/framework-espidf@https://github.com/pioarduino/esp-idf/releases/download/v5.5.2/esp-idf-v5.5.2.tar.xz
+    pioarduino/framework-espidf@https://github.com/pioarduino/esp-idf/releases/download/v5.5.3/esp-idf-v5.5.3.tar.xz
 
 framework = arduino, espidf  ; Arduino as an ESP-IDF component
 lib_deps =
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ extra_scripts = post:esphome/components/esp32/post_build.py.script
 extends = common:idf
 platform = https://github.com/pioarduino/platform-espressif32/releases/download/55.03.37/platform-espressif32.zip
 platform_packages =
-    pioarduino/framework-espidf@https://github.com/pioarduino/esp-idf/releases/download/v5.5.2/esp-idf-v5.5.2.tar.xz
+    pioarduino/framework-espidf@https://github.com/pioarduino/esp-idf/releases/download/v5.5.3/esp-idf-v5.5.3.tar.xz
 
 framework = espidf
 lib_deps =

From b67b2cc3ab86ebbc7cfb3d0a893bf96bd50ef9a6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2026 21:56:20 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 104/609] [ld2450] Add frame header synchronization to fix
 initialization regression (#14135)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci-lite[bot] <117423508+pre-commit-ci-lite[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp        |  22 ++-
 esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h          |   1 +
 tests/components/ld2450/common.h            |  61 +++++++
 tests/components/ld2450/ld2450_readline.cpp | 181 ++++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 263 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/components/ld2450/common.h
 create mode 100644 tests/components/ld2450/ld2450_readline.cpp

diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
index 1ea5c18271..2af45235a3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
@@ -769,15 +769,33 @@ void LD2450Component::readline_(int readch) {
     return;  // No data available
   }
 
+  // Frame header synchronization: verify first 4 bytes match a known frame header.
+  // This prevents the parser from accumulating mid-frame data after losing sync
+  // (e.g. after module restart or UART noise).
+  if (this->buffer_pos_ < HEADER_FOOTER_SIZE) {
+    const uint8_t byte = static_cast<uint8_t>(readch);
+    // Verify header bytes match the frame type established by byte 0
+    if (this->buffer_pos_ > 0) {
+      const uint8_t *expected = (this->buffer_data_[0] == DATA_FRAME_HEADER[0]) ? DATA_FRAME_HEADER : CMD_FRAME_HEADER;
+      if (byte != expected[this->buffer_pos_]) {
+        this->buffer_pos_ = 0;  // Reset and fall through to check if this byte starts a new frame
+      }
+    }
+    // First byte must match start of a data or command frame header
+    if (this->buffer_pos_ == 0 && byte != DATA_FRAME_HEADER[0] && byte != CMD_FRAME_HEADER[0]) {
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
   if (this->buffer_pos_ < MAX_LINE_LENGTH - 1) {
     this->buffer_data_[this->buffer_pos_++] = readch;
     this->buffer_data_[this->buffer_pos_] = 0;
   } else {
-    // We should never get here, but just in case...
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Max command length exceeded; ignoring");
     this->buffer_pos_ = 0;
+    return;
   }
-  if (this->buffer_pos_ < 4) {
+  if (this->buffer_pos_ < HEADER_FOOTER_SIZE) {
     return;  // Not enough data to process yet
   }
   if (this->buffer_data_[this->buffer_pos_ - 2] == DATA_FRAME_FOOTER[0] &&
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h
index fe69cd81d0..44e5912b2a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
diff --git a/tests/components/ld2450/common.h b/tests/components/ld2450/common.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d5ffbe1295
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ld2450/common.h
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <vector>
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include "esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h"
+#include "esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ld2450::testing {
+
+// Mock UART component to satisfy UARTDevice parent requirement.
+class MockUARTComponent : public uart::UARTComponent {
+ public:
+  void write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) override {}
+  MOCK_METHOD(bool, read_array, (uint8_t * data, size_t len), (override));
+  MOCK_METHOD(bool, peek_byte, (uint8_t * data), (override));
+  MOCK_METHOD(size_t, available, (), (override));
+  MOCK_METHOD(void, flush, (), (override));
+  MOCK_METHOD(void, check_logger_conflict, (), (override));
+};
+
+// Expose protected members for testing.
+class TestableLD2450 : public LD2450Component {
+ public:
+  using LD2450Component::buffer_data_;
+  using LD2450Component::buffer_pos_;
+  using LD2450Component::readline_;
+
+  void feed(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
+    for (uint8_t byte : data) {
+      this->readline_(byte);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+// LD2450 periodic data frame: header (4) + 3 targets * 8 bytes + footer (2) = 30 bytes
+// All-zero targets means no presence detected.
+inline std::vector<uint8_t> make_periodic_frame(uint8_t fill = 0x00) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> frame = {0xAA, 0xFF, 0x03, 0x00};  // DATA_FRAME_HEADER
+  for (int i = 0; i < 24; i++) {
+    frame.push_back(fill);  // 3 targets * 8 bytes
+  }
+  frame.push_back(0x55);  // DATA_FRAME_FOOTER
+  frame.push_back(0xCC);
+  return frame;
+}
+
+// LD2450 command ACK frame for CMD_ENABLE_CONF (0xFF), successful.
+// header (4) + length (2) + command (2) + result (2) + footer (4) = 14 bytes
+inline std::vector<uint8_t> make_ack_frame() {
+  return {
+      0xFD, 0xFC, 0xFB, 0xFA,  // CMD_FRAME_HEADER
+      0x04, 0x00,              // length = 4
+      0xFF, 0x01,              // command = enable_conf, status = success
+      0x00, 0x00,              // result = ok
+      0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01   // CMD_FRAME_FOOTER
+  };
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ld2450::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/ld2450/ld2450_readline.cpp b/tests/components/ld2450/ld2450_readline.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..68b1dd6881
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ld2450/ld2450_readline.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+#include "common.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ld2450::testing {
+
+class LD2450ReadlineTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  void SetUp() override {
+    this->ld2450_.set_uart_parent(&this->mock_uart_);
+    // Ensure clean state
+    ASSERT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
+  }
+
+  MockUARTComponent mock_uart_;
+  TestableLD2450 ld2450_;
+};
+
+// --- Good data tests ---
+
+TEST_F(LD2450ReadlineTest, ValidPeriodicFrame) {
+  auto frame = make_periodic_frame();
+  this->ld2450_.feed(frame);
+  // After a complete valid frame, buffer should be reset
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(LD2450ReadlineTest, ValidCommandAckFrame) {
+  auto frame = make_ack_frame();
+  this->ld2450_.feed(frame);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(LD2450ReadlineTest, BackToBackPeriodicFrames) {
+  auto frame = make_periodic_frame();
+  for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+    this->ld2450_.feed(frame);
+    EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0) << "Frame " << i << " not processed";
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(LD2450ReadlineTest, BackToBackMixedFrames) {
+  auto periodic = make_periodic_frame();
+  auto ack = make_ack_frame();
+  this->ld2450_.feed(periodic);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
+  this->ld2450_.feed(ack);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
+  this->ld2450_.feed(periodic);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
+}
+
+// --- Garbage rejection tests ---
+
+TEST_F(LD2450ReadlineTest, GarbageDiscarded) {
+  // Feed bytes that don't match any header start byte
+  std::vector<uint8_t> garbage = {0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x42, 0x99, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x7F};
+  this->ld2450_.feed(garbage);
+  // Header sync should discard all of these
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(LD2450ReadlineTest, GarbageThenValidFrame) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> garbage = {0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x42, 0x99};
+  this->ld2450_.feed(garbage);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
+
+  auto frame = make_periodic_frame();
+  this->ld2450_.feed(frame);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
+}
+
+// --- Header synchronization tests ---
+
+TEST_F(LD2450ReadlineTest, PartialDataHeaderThenMismatch) {
+  // Start of a data frame header, then invalid byte
+  this->ld2450_.feed({0xAA, 0xFF, 0x42});  // 0x42 doesn't match DATA_FRAME_HEADER[2] (0x03)
+  // Parser should have reset
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(LD2450ReadlineTest, PartialCmdHeaderThenMismatch) {
+  // Start of a command frame header, then invalid byte
+  this->ld2450_.feed({0xFD, 0xFC, 0xFB, 0x42});  // 0x42 doesn't match CMD_FRAME_HEADER[3] (0xFA)
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(LD2450ReadlineTest, PartialHeaderThenValidFrame) {
+  // Partial header that fails, then a complete valid frame
+  this->ld2450_.feed({0xAA, 0xFF, 0x42});  // Fails at byte 3
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
+
+  auto frame = make_periodic_frame();
+  this->ld2450_.feed(frame);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(LD2450ReadlineTest, HeaderMismatchRecoveryOnNewHeaderByte) {
+  // Start data header, mismatch at byte 2, but mismatch byte is start of command header
+  this->ld2450_.feed({0xAA, 0xFF});
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 2);  // Accumulating header
+
+  this->ld2450_.feed({0xFD});  // Doesn't match DATA_FRAME_HEADER[2]=0x03, but IS CMD_FRAME_HEADER[0]
+  // Parser should reset and start new frame with 0xFD
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_data_[0], 0xFD);
+}
+
+// --- Mid-frame / overflow recovery tests ---
+
+TEST_F(LD2450ReadlineTest, MidFrameDataRecovery) {
+  // Simulate starting mid-frame: feed the tail end of a periodic frame (no valid header)
+  // These bytes would be part of target data in a real frame
+  std::vector<uint8_t> mid_frame = {0x10, 0x20, 0x30, 0x40, 0x55, 0xCC};
+  this->ld2450_.feed(mid_frame);
+  // All discarded (none match header start bytes)
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
+
+  // Now feed a valid frame
+  auto frame = make_periodic_frame();
+  this->ld2450_.feed(frame);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(LD2450ReadlineTest, OverflowRecovery) {
+  // Feed a valid data frame header followed by enough filler to cause overflow.
+  // Header (4) + 36 filler = 40 bytes in buffer. The 41st byte triggers overflow.
+  std::vector<uint8_t> overflow_data = {0xAA, 0xFF, 0x03, 0x00};  // Valid header
+  for (int i = 0; i < 37; i++) {
+    overflow_data.push_back(0x11);  // Filler that won't match any footer
+  }
+  // 41 bytes total: 40 stored, 41st triggers overflow and resets buffer_pos_ to 0
+  this->ld2450_.feed(overflow_data);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
+
+  // Feed a valid frame and verify recovery
+  auto frame = make_periodic_frame();
+  this->ld2450_.feed(frame);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(LD2450ReadlineTest, RepeatedOverflowDoesNotLoop) {
+  // Simulate the bug scenario: repeated overflows should not prevent recovery.
+  // Feed 3 rounds of overflow-inducing data.
+  for (int round = 0; round < 3; round++) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> overflow_data = {0xAA, 0xFF, 0x03, 0x00};
+    for (int i = 0; i < 37; i++) {
+      overflow_data.push_back(0x22);
+    }
+    this->ld2450_.feed(overflow_data);
+    EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0) << "Overflow round " << round;
+  }
+
+  // Parser should still recover and process a valid frame
+  auto frame = make_periodic_frame();
+  this->ld2450_.feed(frame);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(LD2450ReadlineTest, SimulatedRestartGarbageThenFrames) {
+  // Simulate LD2450 restart: burst of garbage bytes (partial frames, noise)
+  // followed by normal periodic data.
+  // Partial periodic frame (as if we started reading mid-frame), a stale footer, and more garbage
+  std::vector<uint8_t> restart_noise = {
+      0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37, 0x38, 0x39, 0x3A, 0x3B, 0x3C, 0x3D, 0x3E,  // mid-frame data
+      0x55, 0xCC,                                                                                // stale footer bytes
+      0x80, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84, 0x85, 0x86, 0x87, 0x88, 0x89,                                // more garbage
+  };
+
+  this->ld2450_.feed(restart_noise);
+  // All garbage should be discarded
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
+
+  // Now the LD2450 starts sending valid frames
+  auto frame = make_periodic_frame();
+  this->ld2450_.feed(frame);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
+
+  this->ld2450_.feed(frame);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ld2450::testing

From a2f0607c1e860d1173c80e0a763fda99e71e69f6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2026 22:04:38 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 105/609] [ld2410] Add frame header synchronization to
 readline_() (#14136)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp b/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp
index 95a04f768a..a3c2193d67 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp
@@ -601,15 +601,33 @@ void LD2410Component::readline_(int readch) {
     return;  // No data available
   }
 
+  // Frame header synchronization: verify first 4 bytes match a known frame header.
+  // This prevents the parser from getting stuck in an overflow loop after losing sync
+  // (e.g. after module restart or UART noise).
+  if (this->buffer_pos_ < HEADER_FOOTER_SIZE) {
+    const uint8_t byte = static_cast<uint8_t>(readch);
+    // Verify header bytes match the frame type established by byte 0
+    if (this->buffer_pos_ > 0) {
+      const uint8_t *expected = (this->buffer_data_[0] == DATA_FRAME_HEADER[0]) ? DATA_FRAME_HEADER : CMD_FRAME_HEADER;
+      if (byte != expected[this->buffer_pos_]) {
+        this->buffer_pos_ = 0;  // Reset and fall through to check if this byte starts a new frame
+      }
+    }
+    // First byte must match start of a data or command frame header
+    if (this->buffer_pos_ == 0 && byte != DATA_FRAME_HEADER[0] && byte != CMD_FRAME_HEADER[0]) {
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
   if (this->buffer_pos_ < MAX_LINE_LENGTH - 1) {
     this->buffer_data_[this->buffer_pos_++] = readch;
     this->buffer_data_[this->buffer_pos_] = 0;
   } else {
-    // We should never get here, but just in case...
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Max command length exceeded; ignoring");
     this->buffer_pos_ = 0;
+    return;
   }
-  if (this->buffer_pos_ < 4) {
+  if (this->buffer_pos_ < HEADER_FOOTER_SIZE) {
     return;  // Not enough data to process yet
   }
   if (ld2410::validate_header_footer(DATA_FRAME_FOOTER, &this->buffer_data_[this->buffer_pos_ - 4])) {

From 5af871acce9c33284d483620131056af2ad48071 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2026 22:36:12 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 106/609] [ld2420] Increase MAX_LINE_LENGTH to allow
 footer-based resync (#14137)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.h | 4 +++-
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.h b/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.h
index 02250c5911..358793fe64 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.h
@@ -21,7 +21,9 @@
 namespace esphome::ld2420 {
 
 static constexpr uint8_t CALIBRATE_SAMPLES = 64;
-static constexpr uint8_t MAX_LINE_LENGTH = 46;  // Max characters for serial buffer
+// Energy frame is 45 bytes; +1 for null terminator, +4 so that a frame footer always lands
+// inside the buffer during footer-based resynchronization after losing sync.
+static constexpr uint8_t MAX_LINE_LENGTH = 50;
 static constexpr uint8_t TOTAL_GATES = 16;
 
 enum OpMode : uint8_t {

From efe54e3b5e3d3ddefee703048ff37bb4ec9b0b5f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 2026 23:25:25 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 107/609] [ld2410/ld2450] Replace header sync with buffer size
 increase for frame resync (#14138)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp        |  19 +--
 esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.h          |   6 +-
 esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp        |  19 +--
 esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h          |   8 +-
 tests/components/ld2450/ld2450_readline.cpp | 158 ++++++++------------
 5 files changed, 72 insertions(+), 138 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp b/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp
index a3c2193d67..f8f782f804 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp
@@ -601,28 +601,11 @@ void LD2410Component::readline_(int readch) {
     return;  // No data available
   }
 
-  // Frame header synchronization: verify first 4 bytes match a known frame header.
-  // This prevents the parser from getting stuck in an overflow loop after losing sync
-  // (e.g. after module restart or UART noise).
-  if (this->buffer_pos_ < HEADER_FOOTER_SIZE) {
-    const uint8_t byte = static_cast<uint8_t>(readch);
-    // Verify header bytes match the frame type established by byte 0
-    if (this->buffer_pos_ > 0) {
-      const uint8_t *expected = (this->buffer_data_[0] == DATA_FRAME_HEADER[0]) ? DATA_FRAME_HEADER : CMD_FRAME_HEADER;
-      if (byte != expected[this->buffer_pos_]) {
-        this->buffer_pos_ = 0;  // Reset and fall through to check if this byte starts a new frame
-      }
-    }
-    // First byte must match start of a data or command frame header
-    if (this->buffer_pos_ == 0 && byte != DATA_FRAME_HEADER[0] && byte != CMD_FRAME_HEADER[0]) {
-      return;
-    }
-  }
-
   if (this->buffer_pos_ < MAX_LINE_LENGTH - 1) {
     this->buffer_data_[this->buffer_pos_++] = readch;
     this->buffer_data_[this->buffer_pos_] = 0;
   } else {
+    // We should never get here, but just in case...
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Max command length exceeded; ignoring");
     this->buffer_pos_ = 0;
     return;
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.h b/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.h
index efe585fb76..687ed21d1d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.h
@@ -33,8 +33,10 @@ namespace esphome::ld2410 {
 
 using namespace ld24xx;
 
-static constexpr uint8_t MAX_LINE_LENGTH = 46;  // Max characters for serial buffer
-static constexpr uint8_t TOTAL_GATES = 9;       // Total number of gates supported by the LD2410
+// Engineering data frame is 45 bytes; +1 for null terminator, +4 so that a frame footer always
+// lands inside the buffer during footer-based resynchronization after losing sync.
+static constexpr uint8_t MAX_LINE_LENGTH = 50;
+static constexpr uint8_t TOTAL_GATES = 9;  // Total number of gates supported by the LD2410
 
 class LD2410Component : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
index 2af45235a3..d30c164769 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
@@ -769,28 +769,11 @@ void LD2450Component::readline_(int readch) {
     return;  // No data available
   }
 
-  // Frame header synchronization: verify first 4 bytes match a known frame header.
-  // This prevents the parser from accumulating mid-frame data after losing sync
-  // (e.g. after module restart or UART noise).
-  if (this->buffer_pos_ < HEADER_FOOTER_SIZE) {
-    const uint8_t byte = static_cast<uint8_t>(readch);
-    // Verify header bytes match the frame type established by byte 0
-    if (this->buffer_pos_ > 0) {
-      const uint8_t *expected = (this->buffer_data_[0] == DATA_FRAME_HEADER[0]) ? DATA_FRAME_HEADER : CMD_FRAME_HEADER;
-      if (byte != expected[this->buffer_pos_]) {
-        this->buffer_pos_ = 0;  // Reset and fall through to check if this byte starts a new frame
-      }
-    }
-    // First byte must match start of a data or command frame header
-    if (this->buffer_pos_ == 0 && byte != DATA_FRAME_HEADER[0] && byte != CMD_FRAME_HEADER[0]) {
-      return;
-    }
-  }
-
   if (this->buffer_pos_ < MAX_LINE_LENGTH - 1) {
     this->buffer_data_[this->buffer_pos_++] = readch;
     this->buffer_data_[this->buffer_pos_] = 0;
   } else {
+    // We should never get here, but just in case...
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Max command length exceeded; ignoring");
     this->buffer_pos_ = 0;
     return;
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h
index 44e5912b2a..30f96c0a9c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h
@@ -38,9 +38,11 @@ using namespace ld24xx;
 
 // Constants
 static constexpr uint8_t DEFAULT_PRESENCE_TIMEOUT = 5;  // Timeout to reset presense status 5 sec.
-static constexpr uint8_t MAX_LINE_LENGTH = 41;          // Max characters for serial buffer
-static constexpr uint8_t MAX_TARGETS = 3;               // Max 3 Targets in LD2450
-static constexpr uint8_t MAX_ZONES = 3;                 // Max 3 Zones in LD2450
+// Zone query response is 40 bytes; +1 for null terminator, +4 so that a frame footer always
+// lands inside the buffer during footer-based resynchronization after losing sync.
+static constexpr uint8_t MAX_LINE_LENGTH = 45;
+static constexpr uint8_t MAX_TARGETS = 3;  // Max 3 Targets in LD2450
+static constexpr uint8_t MAX_ZONES = 3;    // Max 3 Zones in LD2450
 
 enum Direction : uint8_t {
   DIRECTION_APPROACHING = 0,
diff --git a/tests/components/ld2450/ld2450_readline.cpp b/tests/components/ld2450/ld2450_readline.cpp
index 68b1dd6881..cb97f633bf 100644
--- a/tests/components/ld2450/ld2450_readline.cpp
+++ b/tests/components/ld2450/ld2450_readline.cpp
@@ -48,19 +48,39 @@ TEST_F(LD2450ReadlineTest, BackToBackMixedFrames) {
   EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
 }
 
-// --- Garbage rejection tests ---
-
-TEST_F(LD2450ReadlineTest, GarbageDiscarded) {
-  // Feed bytes that don't match any header start byte
-  std::vector<uint8_t> garbage = {0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x42, 0x99, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x7F};
-  this->ld2450_.feed(garbage);
-  // Header sync should discard all of these
-  EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
-}
+// --- Garbage then valid frame tests ---
 
 TEST_F(LD2450ReadlineTest, GarbageThenValidFrame) {
+  // Garbage bytes accumulate in the buffer but don't match any footer.
+  // A valid frame follows; its footer resets the buffer and resyncs.
   std::vector<uint8_t> garbage = {0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x42, 0x99};
   this->ld2450_.feed(garbage);
+  EXPECT_GT(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);  // Garbage accumulated
+
+  auto frame = make_periodic_frame();
+  this->ld2450_.feed(frame);
+  // Footer from the valid frame resyncs the parser
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
+}
+
+// --- Footer-based resynchronization tests ---
+
+TEST_F(LD2450ReadlineTest, FooterInGarbageResyncs) {
+  // Garbage containing a periodic frame footer (0x55 0xCC) triggers
+  // a buffer reset, allowing the next frame to be parsed cleanly.
+  std::vector<uint8_t> garbage_with_footer = {0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x55, 0xCC};
+  this->ld2450_.feed(garbage_with_footer);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);  // Footer reset the buffer
+
+  auto frame = make_periodic_frame();
+  this->ld2450_.feed(frame);
+  EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(LD2450ReadlineTest, CmdFooterInGarbageResyncs) {
+  // Garbage containing a command frame footer (04 03 02 01) also resyncs.
+  std::vector<uint8_t> garbage_with_footer = {0x10, 0x20, 0x30, 0x40, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01};
+  this->ld2450_.feed(garbage_with_footer);
   EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
 
   auto frame = make_periodic_frame();
@@ -68,112 +88,56 @@ TEST_F(LD2450ReadlineTest, GarbageThenValidFrame) {
   EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
 }
 
-// --- Header synchronization tests ---
+// --- Overflow recovery tests ---
 
-TEST_F(LD2450ReadlineTest, PartialDataHeaderThenMismatch) {
-  // Start of a data frame header, then invalid byte
-  this->ld2450_.feed({0xAA, 0xFF, 0x42});  // 0x42 doesn't match DATA_FRAME_HEADER[2] (0x03)
-  // Parser should have reset
-  EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
-}
-
-TEST_F(LD2450ReadlineTest, PartialCmdHeaderThenMismatch) {
-  // Start of a command frame header, then invalid byte
-  this->ld2450_.feed({0xFD, 0xFC, 0xFB, 0x42});  // 0x42 doesn't match CMD_FRAME_HEADER[3] (0xFA)
-  EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
-}
-
-TEST_F(LD2450ReadlineTest, PartialHeaderThenValidFrame) {
-  // Partial header that fails, then a complete valid frame
-  this->ld2450_.feed({0xAA, 0xFF, 0x42});  // Fails at byte 3
-  EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
-
-  auto frame = make_periodic_frame();
-  this->ld2450_.feed(frame);
-  EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
-}
-
-TEST_F(LD2450ReadlineTest, HeaderMismatchRecoveryOnNewHeaderByte) {
-  // Start data header, mismatch at byte 2, but mismatch byte is start of command header
-  this->ld2450_.feed({0xAA, 0xFF});
-  EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 2);  // Accumulating header
-
-  this->ld2450_.feed({0xFD});  // Doesn't match DATA_FRAME_HEADER[2]=0x03, but IS CMD_FRAME_HEADER[0]
-  // Parser should reset and start new frame with 0xFD
-  EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 1);
-  EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_data_[0], 0xFD);
-}
-
-// --- Mid-frame / overflow recovery tests ---
-
-TEST_F(LD2450ReadlineTest, MidFrameDataRecovery) {
-  // Simulate starting mid-frame: feed the tail end of a periodic frame (no valid header)
-  // These bytes would be part of target data in a real frame
-  std::vector<uint8_t> mid_frame = {0x10, 0x20, 0x30, 0x40, 0x55, 0xCC};
-  this->ld2450_.feed(mid_frame);
-  // All discarded (none match header start bytes)
-  EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
-
-  // Now feed a valid frame
-  auto frame = make_periodic_frame();
-  this->ld2450_.feed(frame);
-  EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
-}
-
-TEST_F(LD2450ReadlineTest, OverflowRecovery) {
-  // Feed a valid data frame header followed by enough filler to cause overflow.
-  // Header (4) + 36 filler = 40 bytes in buffer. The 41st byte triggers overflow.
-  std::vector<uint8_t> overflow_data = {0xAA, 0xFF, 0x03, 0x00};  // Valid header
-  for (int i = 0; i < 37; i++) {
-    overflow_data.push_back(0x11);  // Filler that won't match any footer
-  }
-  // 41 bytes total: 40 stored, 41st triggers overflow and resets buffer_pos_ to 0
+TEST_F(LD2450ReadlineTest, OverflowResetsBuffer) {
+  // Fill the buffer to capacity with filler that won't match any footer.
+  // MAX_LINE_LENGTH is 45, usable is 44. The 45th byte triggers overflow.
+  std::vector<uint8_t> overflow_data(MAX_LINE_LENGTH, 0x11);
+  this->ld2450_.feed(overflow_data);
+  // After overflow, buffer_pos_ resets to 0 (via the < 4 early return path)
+  EXPECT_LT(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 4);
+}
+
+TEST_F(LD2450ReadlineTest, OverflowThenValidFrame) {
+  // Overflow, then a valid frame should be processed.
+  std::vector<uint8_t> overflow_data(MAX_LINE_LENGTH, 0x11);
   this->ld2450_.feed(overflow_data);
-  EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
 
-  // Feed a valid frame and verify recovery
   auto frame = make_periodic_frame();
   this->ld2450_.feed(frame);
   EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
 }
 
-TEST_F(LD2450ReadlineTest, RepeatedOverflowDoesNotLoop) {
-  // Simulate the bug scenario: repeated overflows should not prevent recovery.
-  // Feed 3 rounds of overflow-inducing data.
-  for (int round = 0; round < 3; round++) {
-    std::vector<uint8_t> overflow_data = {0xAA, 0xFF, 0x03, 0x00};
-    for (int i = 0; i < 37; i++) {
-      overflow_data.push_back(0x22);
-    }
-    this->ld2450_.feed(overflow_data);
-    EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0) << "Overflow round " << round;
-  }
-
-  // Parser should still recover and process a valid frame
+TEST_F(LD2450ReadlineTest, BufferLargeEnoughForDesyncedFooter) {
+  // The key fix: the buffer (45) is large enough that a desynced periodic frame's
+  // footer (at most 30 bytes into the stream) will land inside the buffer before overflow.
+  // Simulate starting 10 bytes into a periodic frame, then a full frame follows.
+  std::vector<uint8_t> mid_frame = {0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37, 0x38, 0x39};
+  // Then a complete periodic frame whose footer will land at position 40 (10 + 30),
+  // well within the buffer size of 45.
   auto frame = make_periodic_frame();
-  this->ld2450_.feed(frame);
+  mid_frame.insert(mid_frame.end(), frame.begin(), frame.end());
+
+  this->ld2450_.feed(mid_frame);
+  // The footer from the frame should have triggered a reset
   EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
 }
 
-TEST_F(LD2450ReadlineTest, SimulatedRestartGarbageThenFrames) {
-  // Simulate LD2450 restart: burst of garbage bytes (partial frames, noise)
-  // followed by normal periodic data.
-  // Partial periodic frame (as if we started reading mid-frame), a stale footer, and more garbage
+TEST_F(LD2450ReadlineTest, SimulatedRestartThenFrames) {
+  // Simulate LD2450 restart: burst of garbage followed by valid periodic frames.
+  // The garbage + first frame should fit in the buffer so the footer resyncs.
   std::vector<uint8_t> restart_noise = {
-      0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37, 0x38, 0x39, 0x3A, 0x3B, 0x3C, 0x3D, 0x3E,  // mid-frame data
-      0x55, 0xCC,                                                                                // stale footer bytes
-      0x80, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84, 0x85, 0x86, 0x87, 0x88, 0x89,                                // more garbage
+      0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37,  // 8 bytes of mid-frame data
   };
+  auto frame = make_periodic_frame();
+  // 8 garbage + 30 frame = 38 bytes, well within buffer of 45
+  restart_noise.insert(restart_noise.end(), frame.begin(), frame.end());
 
   this->ld2450_.feed(restart_noise);
-  // All garbage should be discarded
-  EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
-
-  // Now the LD2450 starts sending valid frames
-  auto frame = make_periodic_frame();
-  this->ld2450_.feed(frame);
   EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
 
+  // Subsequent frames should work normally
   this->ld2450_.feed(frame);
   EXPECT_EQ(this->ld2450_.buffer_pos_, 0);
 }

From b0a35559b3aa905a46b662b5834689a45b840e33 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 20 Feb 2026 10:19:01 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 108/609] [esp32] Bump ESP-IDF to 5.5.3.1, revert GATTS
 workaround (#14147)

---
 .clang-tidy.hash                         |  2 +-
 esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py     | 25 +++++++++++++++---------
 esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py | 15 ++++++--------
 platformio.ini                           |  4 ++--
 4 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.clang-tidy.hash b/.clang-tidy.hash
index df584fa716..777c846371 100644
--- a/.clang-tidy.hash
+++ b/.clang-tidy.hash
@@ -1 +1 @@
-3258307fa645ba77307e502075c02c4d710e92c48250839db3526d36a9655444
+5eb1e5852765114ad06533220d3160b6c23f5ccefc4de41828699de5dfff5ad6
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
index cdde1c4ed5..b6682100f7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
@@ -587,16 +587,22 @@ def _format_framework_arduino_version(ver: cv.Version) -> str:
     return f"{ARDUINO_FRAMEWORK_PKG}@https://github.com/espressif/arduino-esp32/releases/download/{ver}/{filename}"
 
 
-def _format_framework_espidf_version(ver: cv.Version, release: str) -> str:
+def _format_framework_espidf_version(
+    ver: cv.Version, release: str | None = None
+) -> str:
     # format the given espidf (https://github.com/pioarduino/esp-idf/releases) version to
     # a PIO platformio/framework-espidf value
     if ver == cv.Version(5, 4, 3) or ver >= cv.Version(5, 5, 1):
         ext = "tar.xz"
     else:
         ext = "zip"
+    # Build version string with dot-separated extra (e.g., "5.5.3.1" not "5.5.3-1")
+    ver_str = f"{ver.major}.{ver.minor}.{ver.patch}"
+    if ver.extra:
+        ver_str += f".{ver.extra}"
     if release:
-        return f"pioarduino/framework-espidf@https://github.com/pioarduino/esp-idf/releases/download/v{str(ver)}.{release}/esp-idf-v{str(ver)}.{ext}"
-    return f"pioarduino/framework-espidf@https://github.com/pioarduino/esp-idf/releases/download/v{str(ver)}/esp-idf-v{str(ver)}.{ext}"
+        return f"pioarduino/framework-espidf@https://github.com/pioarduino/esp-idf/releases/download/v{ver_str}.{release}/esp-idf-v{ver_str}.{ext}"
+    return f"pioarduino/framework-espidf@https://github.com/pioarduino/esp-idf/releases/download/v{ver_str}/esp-idf-v{ver_str}.{ext}"
 
 
 def _is_framework_url(source: str) -> bool:
@@ -643,7 +649,7 @@ ARDUINO_PLATFORM_VERSION_LOOKUP = {
 # These versions correspond to pioarduino/esp-idf releases
 # See: https://github.com/pioarduino/esp-idf/releases
 ARDUINO_IDF_VERSION_LOOKUP = {
-    cv.Version(3, 3, 7): cv.Version(5, 5, 3),
+    cv.Version(3, 3, 7): cv.Version(5, 5, 3, "1"),
     cv.Version(3, 3, 6): cv.Version(5, 5, 2),
     cv.Version(3, 3, 5): cv.Version(5, 5, 2),
     cv.Version(3, 3, 4): cv.Version(5, 5, 1),
@@ -662,11 +668,12 @@ ARDUINO_IDF_VERSION_LOOKUP = {
 # The default/recommended esp-idf framework version
 #  - https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/releases
 ESP_IDF_FRAMEWORK_VERSION_LOOKUP = {
-    "recommended": cv.Version(5, 5, 3),
-    "latest": cv.Version(5, 5, 3),
-    "dev": cv.Version(5, 5, 3),
+    "recommended": cv.Version(5, 5, 3, "1"),
+    "latest": cv.Version(5, 5, 3, "1"),
+    "dev": cv.Version(5, 5, 3, "1"),
 }
 ESP_IDF_PLATFORM_VERSION_LOOKUP = {
+    cv.Version(5, 5, 3, "1"): cv.Version(55, 3, 37),
     cv.Version(5, 5, 3): cv.Version(55, 3, 37),
     cv.Version(5, 5, 2): cv.Version(55, 3, 37),
     cv.Version(5, 5, 1): cv.Version(55, 3, 31, "2"),
@@ -730,7 +737,7 @@ def _check_versions(config):
         platform_lookup = ESP_IDF_PLATFORM_VERSION_LOOKUP.get(version)
         value[CONF_SOURCE] = value.get(
             CONF_SOURCE,
-            _format_framework_espidf_version(version, value.get(CONF_RELEASE, None)),
+            _format_framework_espidf_version(version, value.get(CONF_RELEASE)),
         )
         if _is_framework_url(value[CONF_SOURCE]):
             value[CONF_SOURCE] = f"pioarduino/framework-espidf@{value[CONF_SOURCE]}"
@@ -1428,7 +1435,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             if (idf_ver := ARDUINO_IDF_VERSION_LOOKUP.get(framework_ver)) is not None:
                 cg.add_platformio_option(
                     "platform_packages",
-                    [_format_framework_espidf_version(idf_ver, None)],
+                    [_format_framework_espidf_version(idf_ver)],
                 )
                 # Use stub package to skip downloading precompiled libs
                 stubs_dir = CORE.relative_build_path("arduino_libs_stub")
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py
index 80fcf051b9..c0e2f78bde 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py
@@ -418,16 +418,13 @@ def final_validation(config):
         "esp32_ble_tracker" in full_config or "esp32_ble_client" in full_config
     )
 
-    # Always enable GATTS: ESP-IDF 5.5.2.260206 has a bug in gatt_main.c where a
-    # GATT_TRACE_DEBUG references 'msg_len' outside the GATTS_INCLUDED/GATTC_INCLUDED
-    # guard, causing a compile error when both are disabled.
-    # Additionally, when GATT Client is enabled, GATT Server must also be enabled
-    # as an internal dependency in the Bluedroid stack.
+    # Check if BLE Server is needed
+    has_ble_server = "esp32_ble_server" in full_config
+
+    # ESP-IDF BLE stack requires GATT Server to be enabled when GATT Client is enabled
+    # This is an internal dependency in the Bluedroid stack
     # See: https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/issues/17724
-    # TODO: Revert to conditional once the gatt_main.c bug is fixed upstream:
-    #   has_ble_server = "esp32_ble_server" in full_config
-    #   add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_BT_GATTS_ENABLE", has_ble_server or has_ble_client)
-    add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_BT_GATTS_ENABLE", True)
+    add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_BT_GATTS_ENABLE", has_ble_server or has_ble_client)
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_BT_GATTC_ENABLE", has_ble_client)
 
     # Handle max_connections: check for deprecated location in esp32_ble_tracker
diff --git a/platformio.ini b/platformio.ini
index fdd6a36428..e35dce2228 100644
--- a/platformio.ini
+++ b/platformio.ini
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ extends = common:arduino
 platform = https://github.com/pioarduino/platform-espressif32/releases/download/55.03.37/platform-espressif32.zip
 platform_packages =
     pioarduino/framework-arduinoespressif32@https://github.com/espressif/arduino-esp32/releases/download/3.3.7/esp32-core-3.3.7.tar.xz
-    pioarduino/framework-espidf@https://github.com/pioarduino/esp-idf/releases/download/v5.5.3/esp-idf-v5.5.3.tar.xz
+    pioarduino/framework-espidf@https://github.com/pioarduino/esp-idf/releases/download/v5.5.3.1/esp-idf-v5.5.3.1.tar.xz
 
 framework = arduino, espidf  ; Arduino as an ESP-IDF component
 lib_deps =
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ extra_scripts = post:esphome/components/esp32/post_build.py.script
 extends = common:idf
 platform = https://github.com/pioarduino/platform-espressif32/releases/download/55.03.37/platform-espressif32.zip
 platform_packages =
-    pioarduino/framework-espidf@https://github.com/pioarduino/esp-idf/releases/download/v5.5.3/esp-idf-v5.5.3.tar.xz
+    pioarduino/framework-espidf@https://github.com/pioarduino/esp-idf/releases/download/v5.5.3.1/esp-idf-v5.5.3.1.tar.xz
 
 framework = espidf
 lib_deps =

From 9ce01fc369c5451e1f980e49cea08e51b6a0cc53 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Feb 2026 11:20:05 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 109/609] [esp32] Add engineering_sample option for ESP32-P4
 (#14139)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py          | 43 +++++++++++++++++--
 esphome/components/esp32/boards.py            |  5 ++-
 script/generate-esp32-boards.py               | 15 ++++++-
 tests/components/esp32/test.esp32-p4-idf.yaml |  1 +
 4 files changed, 58 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
index b6682100f7..06677006ea 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ IS_TARGET_PLATFORM = True
 CONF_ASSERTION_LEVEL = "assertion_level"
 CONF_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION = "compiler_optimization"
 CONF_ENABLE_IDF_EXPERIMENTAL_FEATURES = "enable_idf_experimental_features"
+CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE = "engineering_sample"
 CONF_INCLUDE_BUILTIN_IDF_COMPONENTS = "include_builtin_idf_components"
 CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_ASSERT = "enable_lwip_assert"
 CONF_ENABLE_OTA_ROLLBACK = "enable_ota_rollback"
@@ -785,6 +786,15 @@ def _detect_variant(value):
         # variant has already been validated against the known set
         value = value.copy()
         value[CONF_BOARD] = STANDARD_BOARDS[variant]
+        if variant == VARIANT_ESP32P4:
+            engineering_sample = value.get(CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE)
+            if engineering_sample is None:
+                _LOGGER.warning(
+                    "No board specified for ESP32-P4. Defaulting to production silicon (rev3). "
+                    "If you have an early engineering sample (pre-rev3), set 'engineering_sample: true'."
+                )
+            elif engineering_sample:
+                value[CONF_BOARD] = "esp32-p4-evboard"
     elif board in BOARDS:
         variant = variant or BOARDS[board][KEY_VARIANT]
         if variant != BOARDS[board][KEY_VARIANT]:
@@ -848,6 +858,30 @@ def final_validate(config):
                 path=[CONF_FRAMEWORK, CONF_ADVANCED, CONF_MINIMUM_CHIP_REVISION],
             )
         )
+    if (
+        config[CONF_VARIANT] != VARIANT_ESP32P4
+        and config.get(CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE) is not None
+    ):
+        errs.append(
+            cv.Invalid(
+                f"'{CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE}' is only supported on {VARIANT_ESP32P4}",
+                path=[CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE],
+            )
+        )
+    if (
+        config[CONF_VARIANT] == VARIANT_ESP32P4
+        and config.get(CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE) is not None
+    ):
+        board_is_es = BOARDS.get(config[CONF_BOARD], {}).get(
+            "engineering_sample", False
+        )
+        if config[CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE] != board_is_es:
+            errs.append(
+                cv.Invalid(
+                    f"'{CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE}' does not match board '{config[CONF_BOARD]}'",
+                    path=[CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE],
+                )
+            )
     if advanced[CONF_EXECUTE_FROM_PSRAM]:
         if config[CONF_VARIANT] != VARIANT_ESP32S3:
             errs.append(
@@ -1197,6 +1231,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.Optional(CONF_CPU_FREQUENCY): cv.one_of(
                 *FULL_CPU_FREQUENCIES, upper=True
             ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(CONF_FLASH_SIZE, default="4MB"): cv.one_of(
                 *FLASH_SIZES, upper=True
             ),
@@ -1482,10 +1517,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     # ESP32-P4: ESP-IDF 5.5.3 changed the default of ESP32P4_SELECTS_REV_LESS_V3
     # from y to n. PlatformIO uses sections.ld.in (for rev <3) or
     # sections.rev3.ld.in (for rev >=3) based on board definition.
-    # Set the sdkconfig option to match the board's revision.
+    # Set the sdkconfig option to match the board's chip revision.
     if variant == VARIANT_ESP32P4:
-        is_rev3 = "_r3" in config[CONF_BOARD]
-        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ESP32P4_SELECTS_REV_LESS_V3", not is_rev3)
+        is_eng_sample = BOARDS.get(config[CONF_BOARD], {}).get(
+            "engineering_sample", False
+        )
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ESP32P4_SELECTS_REV_LESS_V3", is_eng_sample)
 
     # Set minimum chip revision for ESP32 variant
     # Setting this to 3.0 or higher reduces flash size by excluding workaround code,
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/boards.py b/esphome/components/esp32/boards.py
index 66367d63ae..2bd08e7c39 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/boards.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/boards.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ STANDARD_BOARDS = {
     VARIANT_ESP32C6: "esp32-c6-devkitm-1",
     VARIANT_ESP32C61: "esp32-c61-devkitc1-n8r2",
     VARIANT_ESP32H2: "esp32-h2-devkitm-1",
-    VARIANT_ESP32P4: "esp32-p4-evboard",
+    VARIANT_ESP32P4: "esp32-p4_r3-evboard",
     VARIANT_ESP32S2: "esp32-s2-kaluga-1",
     VARIANT_ESP32S3: "esp32-s3-devkitc-1",
 }
@@ -1713,10 +1713,12 @@ BOARDS = {
     "esp32-p4": {
         "name": "Espressif ESP32-P4 ES (pre rev.300) generic",
         "variant": VARIANT_ESP32P4,
+        "engineering_sample": True,
     },
     "esp32-p4-evboard": {
         "name": "Espressif ESP32-P4 Function EV Board (ES pre rev.300)",
         "variant": VARIANT_ESP32P4,
+        "engineering_sample": True,
     },
     "esp32-p4_r3": {
         "name": "Espressif ESP32-P4 rev.300 generic",
@@ -2141,6 +2143,7 @@ BOARDS = {
     "m5stack-tab5-p4": {
         "name": "M5STACK Tab5 esp32-p4 Board (ES pre rev.300)",
         "variant": VARIANT_ESP32P4,
+        "engineering_sample": True,
     },
     "m5stack-timer-cam": {
         "name": "M5Stack Timer CAM",
diff --git a/script/generate-esp32-boards.py b/script/generate-esp32-boards.py
index 81b78b04be..ab4a38ced5 100755
--- a/script/generate-esp32-boards.py
+++ b/script/generate-esp32-boards.py
@@ -43,10 +43,14 @@ def get_boards():
                 name = board_info["name"]
                 board = fname.stem
                 variant = mcu.upper()
-                boards[board] = {
+                chip_variant = board_info["build"].get("chip_variant", "")
+                entry = {
                     "name": name,
                     "variant": f"VARIANT_{variant}",
                 }
+                if chip_variant.endswith("_es"):
+                    entry["engineering_sample"] = True
+                boards[board] = entry
         return boards
 
 
@@ -55,6 +59,12 @@ TEMPLATE = """    "%s": {
         "variant": %s,
     },"""
 
+TEMPLATE_ES = """    "%s": {
+        "name": "%s",
+        "variant": %s,
+        "engineering_sample": True,
+    },"""
+
 
 def main(check: bool):
     boards = get_boards()
@@ -66,7 +76,8 @@ def main(check: bool):
         if line == "BOARDS = {":
             parts.append(line)
             parts.extend(
-                TEMPLATE % (board, info["name"], info["variant"])
+                (TEMPLATE_ES if info.get("engineering_sample") else TEMPLATE)
+                % (board, info["name"], info["variant"])
                 for board, info in sorted(boards.items())
             )
             parts.append("}")
diff --git a/tests/components/esp32/test.esp32-p4-idf.yaml b/tests/components/esp32/test.esp32-p4-idf.yaml
index bc054f5aee..fd42fac5a3 100644
--- a/tests/components/esp32/test.esp32-p4-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/esp32/test.esp32-p4-idf.yaml
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 esp32:
   variant: esp32p4
+  engineering_sample: true
   flash_size: 32MB
   cpu_frequency: 400MHz
   framework:

From 403235e2d4ec6a27ac4ad35f79b7dc2afb413611 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Feb 2026 11:20:29 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 110/609] [wifi] Add band_mode configuration for ESP32-C5
 dual-band WiFi (#14148)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py           | 22 ++++++++++++++++++-
 esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp    | 16 ++++++++++++++
 esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h      | 13 +++++++++++
 .../wifi/wifi_component_esp_idf.cpp           |  7 ++++++
 tests/components/wifi/test.esp32-c5-idf.yaml  |  5 +++++
 5 files changed, 62 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/components/wifi/test.esp32-c5-idf.yaml

diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py b/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
index afceec6c54..540d0a0ab1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
@@ -5,7 +5,12 @@ from esphome import automation
 from esphome.automation import Condition
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.const import CONF_USE_PSRAM
-from esphome.components.esp32 import add_idf_sdkconfig_option, const, get_esp32_variant
+from esphome.components.esp32 import (
+    add_idf_sdkconfig_option,
+    const,
+    get_esp32_variant,
+    only_on_variant,
+)
 from esphome.components.network import (
     has_high_performance_networking,
     ip_address_literal,
@@ -64,6 +69,7 @@ _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 NO_WIFI_VARIANTS = [const.VARIANT_ESP32H2, const.VARIANT_ESP32P4]
 CONF_SAVE = "save"
+CONF_BAND_MODE = "band_mode"
 CONF_MIN_AUTH_MODE = "min_auth_mode"
 CONF_POST_CONNECT_ROAMING = "post_connect_roaming"
 
@@ -90,6 +96,13 @@ WIFI_POWER_SAVE_MODES = {
     "HIGH": WiFiPowerSaveMode.WIFI_POWER_SAVE_HIGH,
 }
 
+WiFiBandMode = cg.global_ns.enum("wifi_band_mode_t")
+WIFI_BAND_MODES = {
+    "AUTO": WiFiBandMode.WIFI_BAND_MODE_AUTO,
+    "2.4GHZ": WiFiBandMode.WIFI_BAND_MODE_2G_ONLY,
+    "5GHZ": WiFiBandMode.WIFI_BAND_MODE_5G_ONLY,
+}
+
 WifiMinAuthMode = wifi_ns.enum("WifiMinAuthMode")
 WIFI_MIN_AUTH_MODES = {
     "WPA": WifiMinAuthMode.WIFI_MIN_AUTH_MODE_WPA,
@@ -353,6 +366,11 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.SplitDefault(CONF_ENABLE_RRM, esp32=False): cv.All(
                 cv.boolean, cv.only_on_esp32
             ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_BAND_MODE): cv.All(
+                cv.enum(WIFI_BAND_MODES, upper=True),
+                cv.only_on_esp32,
+                only_on_variant(supported=[const.VARIANT_ESP32C5]),
+            ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_PASSIVE_SCAN, default=False): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(CONF_ENABLE_ON_BOOT, default=True): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(CONF_POST_CONNECT_ROAMING, default=True): cv.boolean,
@@ -527,6 +545,8 @@ async def to_code(config):
             cg.add(var.set_btm(config[CONF_ENABLE_BTM]))
         if config[CONF_ENABLE_RRM]:
             cg.add(var.set_rrm(config[CONF_ENABLE_RRM]))
+        if CONF_BAND_MODE in config:
+            cg.add(var.set_band_mode(config[CONF_BAND_MODE]))
 
     if config.get(CONF_USE_PSRAM):
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_SPIRAM_TRY_ALLOCATE_WIFI_LWIP", True)
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
index a2efac8d26..8b3060c7c3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
@@ -1469,6 +1469,22 @@ void WiFiComponent::dump_config() {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Disabled");
     return;
   }
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(SOC_WIFI_SUPPORT_5G)
+  const char *band_mode_s;
+  switch (this->band_mode_) {
+    case WIFI_BAND_MODE_2G_ONLY:
+      band_mode_s = "2.4GHz";
+      break;
+    case WIFI_BAND_MODE_5G_ONLY:
+      band_mode_s = "5GHz";
+      break;
+    case WIFI_BAND_MODE_AUTO:
+    default:
+      band_mode_s = "Auto";
+      break;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Band Mode: %s", band_mode_s);
+#endif
   if (this->is_connected()) {
     this->print_connect_params_();
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
index 4a038f602c..5f903e092a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
@@ -45,6 +45,10 @@ extern "C" {
 #include <WiFi.h>
 #endif
 
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(SOC_WIFI_SUPPORT_5G)
+#include <esp_wifi_types.h>
+#endif
+
 #if defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_WIFI_RUNTIME_POWER_SAVE)
 #include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
 #include <freertos/semphr.h>
@@ -435,6 +439,9 @@ class WiFiComponent : public Component {
   void set_power_save_mode(WiFiPowerSaveMode power_save);
   void set_min_auth_mode(WifiMinAuthMode min_auth_mode) { min_auth_mode_ = min_auth_mode; }
   void set_output_power(float output_power) { output_power_ = output_power; }
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(SOC_WIFI_SUPPORT_5G)
+  void set_band_mode(wifi_band_mode_t band_mode) { this->band_mode_ = band_mode; }
+#endif
 
   void set_passive_scan(bool passive);
 
@@ -652,6 +659,9 @@ class WiFiComponent : public Component {
   bool wifi_sta_pre_setup_();
   bool wifi_apply_output_power_(float output_power);
   bool wifi_apply_power_save_();
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(SOC_WIFI_SUPPORT_5G)
+  bool wifi_apply_band_mode_();
+#endif
   bool wifi_sta_ip_config_(const optional<ManualIP> &manual_ip);
   bool wifi_apply_hostname_();
   bool wifi_sta_connect_(const WiFiAP &ap);
@@ -774,6 +784,9 @@ class WiFiComponent : public Component {
   // 1-byte enums and integers
   WiFiComponentState state_{WIFI_COMPONENT_STATE_OFF};
   WiFiPowerSaveMode power_save_{WIFI_POWER_SAVE_NONE};
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(SOC_WIFI_SUPPORT_5G)
+  wifi_band_mode_t band_mode_{WIFI_BAND_MODE_AUTO};
+#endif
   WifiMinAuthMode min_auth_mode_{WIFI_MIN_AUTH_MODE_WPA2};
   WiFiRetryPhase retry_phase_{WiFiRetryPhase::INITIAL_CONNECT};
   uint8_t num_retried_{0};
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp_idf.cpp
index 52ee482121..57bbceb1b8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp_idf.cpp
@@ -292,6 +292,10 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_apply_power_save_() {
   return success;
 }
 
+#ifdef SOC_WIFI_SUPPORT_5G
+bool WiFiComponent::wifi_apply_band_mode_() { return esp_wifi_set_band_mode(this->band_mode_) == ESP_OK; }
+#endif
+
 bool WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_connect_(const WiFiAP &ap) {
   // enable STA
   if (!this->wifi_mode_(true, {}))
@@ -726,6 +730,9 @@ void WiFiComponent::wifi_process_event_(IDFWiFiEvent *data) {
     s_sta_started = true;
     // re-apply power save mode
     wifi_apply_power_save_();
+#ifdef SOC_WIFI_SUPPORT_5G
+    wifi_apply_band_mode_();
+#endif
 
   } else if (data->event_base == WIFI_EVENT && data->event_id == WIFI_EVENT_STA_STOP) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "STA stop");
diff --git a/tests/components/wifi/test.esp32-c5-idf.yaml b/tests/components/wifi/test.esp32-c5-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..92a52db09e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/wifi/test.esp32-c5-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+wifi:
+  band_mode: 5GHZ
+
+packages:
+  - !include common.yaml

From 9c0eed8a67a392868d2a8e6c8a220314271c847e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Feb 2026 12:03:39 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 111/609] [e131] Remove dead LWIP TCP code path from loop()
 (#14155)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@home-assistant.io>
---
 esphome/components/e131/e131.cpp | 16 ----------------
 1 file changed, 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/e131/e131.cpp b/esphome/components/e131/e131.cpp
index d04ab8a58d..a7a695c167 100644
--- a/esphome/components/e131/e131.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/e131/e131.cpp
@@ -85,22 +85,6 @@ void E131Component::loop() {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Ignored packet for %d universe of size %d.", universe, packet.count);
     }
   }
-#elif defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP)
-  while (auto packet_size = this->udp_.parsePacket()) {
-    auto len = this->udp_.read(buf, sizeof(buf));
-    if (len <= 0)
-      continue;
-
-    if (!this->packet_(buf, (size_t) len, universe, packet)) {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Invalid packet received of size %d.", (int) len);
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    if (!this->process_(universe, packet)) {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Ignored packet for %d universe of size %d.", universe, packet.count);
-    }
-  }
-#endif
 }
 
 void E131Component::add_effect(E131AddressableLightEffect *light_effect) {

From b85a49cdb3c65c24ffdb725a56dc9f48c2fd7f3a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Feb 2026 13:27:15 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 112/609] Bump github/codeql-action from 4.32.3 to 4.32.4
 (#14161)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .github/workflows/codeql.yml | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeql.yml b/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
index 376825bad6..5d7c32eaa9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ jobs:
 
       # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
       - name: Initialize CodeQL
-        uses: github/codeql-action/init@9e907b5e64f6b83e7804b09294d44122997950d6 # v4.32.3
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@89a39a4e59826350b863aa6b6252a07ad50cf83e # v4.32.4
         with:
           languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
           build-mode: ${{ matrix.build-mode }}
@@ -86,6 +86,6 @@ jobs:
           exit 1
 
       - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@9e907b5e64f6b83e7804b09294d44122997950d6 # v4.32.3
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@89a39a4e59826350b863aa6b6252a07ad50cf83e # v4.32.4
         with:
           category: "/language:${{matrix.language}}"

From 1a376328911b184cbc5b7251688607f7ff62384a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Feb 2026 19:27:45 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 113/609] Bump pylint from 4.0.4 to 4.0.5 (#14160)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 requirements_test.txt | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/requirements_test.txt b/requirements_test.txt
index 9e99855f6f..611e552829 100644
--- a/requirements_test.txt
+++ b/requirements_test.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-pylint==4.0.4
+pylint==4.0.5
 flake8==7.3.0  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
 ruff==0.15.1  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
 pyupgrade==3.21.2  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating

From edfc3e3501ec3b0652a7a341d5542f70c488b79c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Feb 2026 19:32:41 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 114/609] Bump ruff from 0.15.1 to 0.15.2 (#14159)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@home-assistant.io>
---
 .pre-commit-config.yaml | 2 +-
 requirements_test.txt   | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 6d89060b0d..07d02e0e3c 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ ci:
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
     # Ruff version.
-    rev: v0.15.1
+    rev: v0.15.2
     hooks:
       # Run the linter.
       - id: ruff
diff --git a/requirements_test.txt b/requirements_test.txt
index 611e552829..3e5dc8a90c 100644
--- a/requirements_test.txt
+++ b/requirements_test.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 pylint==4.0.5
 flake8==7.3.0  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
-ruff==0.15.1  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
+ruff==0.15.2  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
 pyupgrade==3.21.2  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
 pre-commit
 

From 48115eca18b8c9937595a0fe26ce50fde4ebb15f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pawelo <81100874+pgolawsk@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Feb 2026 21:08:31 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 115/609] [safe_mode] Extract RTC_KEY constant for shared use
 (#14121)

Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick+github@koston.org>
---
 esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.cpp | 2 +-
 esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.h   | 3 +++
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.cpp b/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.cpp
index 6cae4bf9d5..bd80048c64 100644
--- a/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.cpp
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ bool SafeModeComponent::should_enter_safe_mode(uint8_t num_attempts, uint32_t en
   this->safe_mode_enable_time_ = enable_time;
   this->safe_mode_boot_is_good_after_ = boot_is_good_after;
   this->safe_mode_num_attempts_ = num_attempts;
-  this->rtc_ = global_preferences->make_preference<uint32_t>(233825507UL, false);
+  this->rtc_ = global_preferences->make_preference<uint32_t>(RTC_KEY, false);
 
 #if defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_OTA_ROLLBACK)
   // Check partition state to detect if bootloader supports rollback
diff --git a/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.h b/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.h
index d6f669f39f..a4d27c15da 100644
--- a/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.h
+++ b/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.h
@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@
 
 namespace esphome::safe_mode {
 
+/// RTC key for storing boot loop counter - used by safe_mode and preferences backends
+constexpr uint32_t RTC_KEY = 233825507UL;
+
 /// SafeModeComponent provides a safe way to recover from repeated boot failures
 class SafeModeComponent : public Component {
  public:

From db6aa58f40b4c6be322f8c26312605bb2fca8dd6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Feb 2026 16:06:46 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 116/609] [max7219digit] Fix typo in action names (#14162)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/max7219digit/display.py | 22 +++++++++++-----------
 tests/components/max7219digit/common.yaml  | 14 +++++++-------
 2 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/max7219digit/display.py b/esphome/components/max7219digit/display.py
index e6d53efc5d..a251eaccea 100644
--- a/esphome/components/max7219digit/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/max7219digit/display.py
@@ -133,12 +133,12 @@ MAX7219_ON_ACTION_SCHEMA = automation.maybe_simple_id(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "max7129digit.invert_off", DisplayInvertAction, MAX7219_OFF_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "max7219digit.invert_off", DisplayInvertAction, MAX7219_OFF_ACTION_SCHEMA
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "max7129digit.invert_on", DisplayInvertAction, MAX7219_ON_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "max7219digit.invert_on", DisplayInvertAction, MAX7219_ON_ACTION_SCHEMA
 )
-async def max7129digit_invert_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def max7219digit_invert_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_state(config[CONF_STATE]))
@@ -146,12 +146,12 @@ async def max7129digit_invert_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "max7129digit.turn_off", DisplayVisibilityAction, MAX7219_OFF_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "max7219digit.turn_off", DisplayVisibilityAction, MAX7219_OFF_ACTION_SCHEMA
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "max7129digit.turn_on", DisplayVisibilityAction, MAX7219_ON_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "max7219digit.turn_on", DisplayVisibilityAction, MAX7219_ON_ACTION_SCHEMA
 )
-async def max7129digit_visible_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def max7219digit_visible_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_state(config[CONF_STATE]))
@@ -159,12 +159,12 @@ async def max7129digit_visible_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "max7129digit.reverse_off", DisplayReverseAction, MAX7219_OFF_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "max7219digit.reverse_off", DisplayReverseAction, MAX7219_OFF_ACTION_SCHEMA
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "max7129digit.reverse_on", DisplayReverseAction, MAX7219_ON_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "max7219digit.reverse_on", DisplayReverseAction, MAX7219_ON_ACTION_SCHEMA
 )
-async def max7129digit_reverse_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def max7219digit_reverse_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_state(config[CONF_STATE]))
@@ -183,9 +183,9 @@ MAX7219_INTENSITY_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "max7129digit.intensity", DisplayIntensityAction, MAX7219_INTENSITY_SCHEMA
+    "max7219digit.intensity", DisplayIntensityAction, MAX7219_INTENSITY_SCHEMA
 )
-async def max7129digit_intensity_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+async def max7219digit_intensity_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_INTENSITY], args, cg.uint8)
diff --git a/tests/components/max7219digit/common.yaml b/tests/components/max7219digit/common.yaml
index 525b7b8d3e..4d2dbb781d 100644
--- a/tests/components/max7219digit/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/max7219digit/common.yaml
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ esphome:
   on_boot:
     - priority: 100
       then:
-        - max7129digit.invert_off:
-        - max7129digit.invert_on:
-        - max7129digit.turn_on:
-        - max7129digit.turn_off:
-        - max7129digit.reverse_on:
-        - max7129digit.reverse_off:
-        - max7129digit.intensity: 10
+        - max7219digit.invert_off:
+        - max7219digit.invert_on:
+        - max7219digit.turn_on:
+        - max7219digit.turn_off:
+        - max7219digit.reverse_on:
+        - max7219digit.reverse_off:
+        - max7219digit.intensity: 10

From 1d3054ef5e463f1b018e297ffe547c7e621ddfd4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: tomaszduda23 <tomaszduda23@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Feb 2026 23:12:50 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 117/609] [nrf52,logger] Early debug (#11685)

---
 esphome/components/debug/debug_zephyr.cpp     | 45 +--------
 esphome/components/logger/__init__.py         | 24 +++++
 esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp          |  3 +
 esphome/components/logger/logger.h            |  1 +
 esphome/components/logger/logger_zephyr.cpp   | 97 +++++++++++++++++++
 esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py          |  1 +
 esphome/components/zephyr/gpio.h              |  6 +-
 esphome/components/zephyr/preferences.h       |  6 +-
 esphome/components/zephyr/reset_reason.cpp    | 63 ++++++++++++
 esphome/components/zephyr/reset_reason.h      | 18 ++++
 esphome/config_validation.py                  |  2 +
 esphome/core/defines.h                        |  2 +
 .../logger/test.nrf52-adafruit.yaml           |  2 +
 13 files changed, 219 insertions(+), 51 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/zephyr/reset_reason.cpp
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/zephyr/reset_reason.h

diff --git a/esphome/components/debug/debug_zephyr.cpp b/esphome/components/debug/debug_zephyr.cpp
index 0291cc3061..ecca7150bd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/debug/debug_zephyr.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/debug/debug_zephyr.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #ifdef USE_ZEPHYR
 #include <climits>
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include <esphome/components/zephyr/reset_reason.h>
 #include <zephyr/drivers/hwinfo.h>
 #include <hal/nrf_power.h>
 #include <cstdint>
@@ -15,16 +16,6 @@ static const char *const TAG = "debug";
 constexpr std::uintptr_t MBR_PARAM_PAGE_ADDR = 0xFFC;
 constexpr std::uintptr_t MBR_BOOTLOADER_ADDR = 0xFF8;
 
-static size_t append_reset_reason(char *buf, size_t size, size_t pos, bool set, const char *reason) {
-  if (!set) {
-    return pos;
-  }
-  if (pos > 0) {
-    pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, ", ");
-  }
-  return buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "%s", reason);
-}
-
 static inline uint32_t read_mem_u32(uintptr_t addr) {
   return *reinterpret_cast<volatile uint32_t *>(addr);  // NOLINT(performance-no-int-to-ptr)
 }
@@ -57,39 +48,7 @@ static inline uint32_t sd_version_get() {
 }
 
 const char *DebugComponent::get_reset_reason_(std::span<char, RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer) {
-  char *buf = buffer.data();
-  const size_t size = RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE;
-
-  uint32_t cause;
-  auto ret = hwinfo_get_reset_cause(&cause);
-  if (ret) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unable to get reset cause: %d", ret);
-    buf[0] = '\0';
-    return buf;
-  }
-  size_t pos = 0;
-
-  pos = append_reset_reason(buf, size, pos, cause & RESET_PIN, "External pin");
-  pos = append_reset_reason(buf, size, pos, cause & RESET_SOFTWARE, "Software reset");
-  pos = append_reset_reason(buf, size, pos, cause & RESET_BROWNOUT, "Brownout (drop in voltage)");
-  pos = append_reset_reason(buf, size, pos, cause & RESET_POR, "Power-on reset (POR)");
-  pos = append_reset_reason(buf, size, pos, cause & RESET_WATCHDOG, "Watchdog timer expiration");
-  pos = append_reset_reason(buf, size, pos, cause & RESET_DEBUG, "Debug event");
-  pos = append_reset_reason(buf, size, pos, cause & RESET_SECURITY, "Security violation");
-  pos = append_reset_reason(buf, size, pos, cause & RESET_LOW_POWER_WAKE, "Waking up from low power mode");
-  pos = append_reset_reason(buf, size, pos, cause & RESET_CPU_LOCKUP, "CPU lock-up detected");
-  pos = append_reset_reason(buf, size, pos, cause & RESET_PARITY, "Parity error");
-  pos = append_reset_reason(buf, size, pos, cause & RESET_PLL, "PLL error");
-  pos = append_reset_reason(buf, size, pos, cause & RESET_CLOCK, "Clock error");
-  pos = append_reset_reason(buf, size, pos, cause & RESET_HARDWARE, "Hardware reset");
-  pos = append_reset_reason(buf, size, pos, cause & RESET_USER, "User reset");
-  pos = append_reset_reason(buf, size, pos, cause & RESET_TEMPERATURE, "Temperature reset");
-
-  // Ensure null termination if nothing was written
-  if (pos == 0) {
-    buf[0] = '\0';
-  }
-
+  const char *buf = zephyr::get_reset_reason(buffer);
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Reset Reason: %s", buf);
   return buf;
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py b/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
index b2952d7995..c8f3c52911 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
@@ -101,6 +101,8 @@ CONF_INITIAL_LEVEL = "initial_level"
 CONF_LOGGER_ID = "logger_id"
 CONF_RUNTIME_TAG_LEVELS = "runtime_tag_levels"
 CONF_TASK_LOG_BUFFER_SIZE = "task_log_buffer_size"
+CONF_WAIT_FOR_CDC = "wait_for_cdc"
+CONF_EARLY_MESSAGE = "early_message"
 
 UART_SELECTION_ESP32 = {
     VARIANT_ESP32: [UART0, UART1, UART2],
@@ -208,6 +210,12 @@ def validate_initial_no_higher_than_global(config):
     return config
 
 
+def validate_wait_for_cdc(config):
+    if config.get(CONF_WAIT_FOR_CDC) and config.get(CONF_HARDWARE_UART) != USB_CDC:
+        raise cv.Invalid("wait_for_cdc requires hardware_uart: USB_CDC")
+    return config
+
+
 Logger = logger_ns.class_("Logger", cg.Component)
 LoggerMessageTrigger = logger_ns.class_(
     "LoggerMessageTrigger",
@@ -300,10 +308,18 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.SplitDefault(
                 CONF_ESP8266_STORE_LOG_STRINGS_IN_FLASH, esp8266=True
             ): cv.All(cv.only_on_esp8266, cv.boolean),
+            cv.SplitDefault(CONF_WAIT_FOR_CDC, nrf52=False): cv.All(
+                cv.only_on(PLATFORM_NRF52),
+                cv.boolean,
+            ),
+            cv.SplitDefault(CONF_EARLY_MESSAGE, nrf52=False): cv.All(
+                cv.only_on(PLATFORM_NRF52), cv.boolean
+            ),
         }
     ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
     validate_local_no_higher_than_global,
     validate_initial_no_higher_than_global,
+    validate_wait_for_cdc,
 )
 
 
@@ -425,13 +441,21 @@ async def to_code(config):
     except cv.Invalid:
         pass
 
+    if config.get(CONF_WAIT_FOR_CDC):
+        cg.add_define("USE_LOGGER_WAIT_FOR_CDC")
+    if config.get(CONF_EARLY_MESSAGE):
+        cg.add_define("USE_LOGGER_EARLY_MESSAGE")
+
     if CORE.is_nrf52:
+        # esphome implement own fatal error handler which save PC/LR before reset
+        zephyr_add_prj_conf("RESET_ON_FATAL_ERROR", False)
         zephyr_add_prj_conf("THREAD_LOCAL_STORAGE", True)
         if config[CONF_HARDWARE_UART] == UART0:
             zephyr_add_overlay("""&uart0 { status = "okay";};""")
         if config[CONF_HARDWARE_UART] == UART1:
             zephyr_add_overlay("""&uart1 { status = "okay";};""")
         if config[CONF_HARDWARE_UART] == USB_CDC:
+            cg.add_define("USE_LOGGER_UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC")
             zephyr_add_prj_conf("UART_LINE_CTRL", True)
             zephyr_add_cdc_acm(config, 0)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp b/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp
index e1b49bcb61..87963c5fc5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp
@@ -261,6 +261,9 @@ void Logger::dump_config() {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Level for '%s': %s", it.first, LOG_STR_ARG(get_log_level_str(it.second)));
   }
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_ZEPHYR
+  dump_crash_();
+#endif
 }
 
 void Logger::set_log_level(uint8_t level) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/logger.h b/esphome/components/logger/logger.h
index 2a7552af92..c6c379f6c6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/logger.h
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/logger.h
@@ -317,6 +317,7 @@ class Logger : public Component {
   Stream *hw_serial_{nullptr};
 #endif
 #if defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
+  void dump_crash_();
   const device *uart_dev_{nullptr};
 #endif
 #if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/logger_zephyr.cpp b/esphome/components/logger/logger_zephyr.cpp
index f565c5760c..d6193ff36b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/logger_zephyr.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/logger_zephyr.cpp
@@ -8,9 +8,30 @@
 #include <zephyr/drivers/uart.h>
 #include <zephyr/sys/printk.h>
 #include <zephyr/usb/usb_device.h>
+#ifdef USE_LOGGER_EARLY_MESSAGE
+#include <esphome/components/zephyr/reset_reason.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace esphome::zephyr_coredump {
+
+__attribute__((weak)) void print_coredump() {}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::zephyr_coredump
 
 namespace esphome::logger {
 
+static const uint32_t CRASH_MAGIC = 0xDEADBEEF;
+
+__attribute__((section(".noinit"))) struct {
+  uint32_t magic;
+  uint32_t reason;
+  uint32_t pc;
+  uint32_t lr;
+#if defined(CONFIG_THREAD_NAME)
+  char thread[CONFIG_THREAD_MAX_NAME_LEN];
+#endif
+} crash_buf;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+
 static const char *const TAG = "logger";
 
 #ifdef USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC
@@ -57,10 +78,26 @@ void Logger::pre_setup() {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "%s is not ready.", LOG_STR_ARG(get_uart_selection_()));
     } else {
       this->uart_dev_ = uart_dev;
+#if defined(USE_LOGGER_WAIT_FOR_CDC) && defined(USE_LOGGER_UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC)
+      uint32_t dtr = 0;
+      uint32_t count = (10 * 100);  // wait 10 sec for USB CDC to have early logs
+      while (dtr == 0 && count-- != 0) {
+        uart_line_ctrl_get(this->uart_dev_, UART_LINE_CTRL_DTR, &dtr);
+        delay(10);
+        arch_feed_wdt();
+      }
+#endif
     }
   }
   global_logger = this;
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Log initialized");
+#ifdef USE_LOGGER_EARLY_MESSAGE
+  char reason_buffer[zephyr::RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  const char *reset_reason = zephyr::get_reset_reason(std::span<char, zephyr::RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE>(reason_buffer));
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Reset reason: %s", reset_reason);
+  dump_crash_();
+  zephyr_coredump::print_coredump();
+#endif
 }
 
 void HOT Logger::write_msg_(const char *msg, uint16_t len) {
@@ -93,6 +130,66 @@ const LogString *Logger::get_uart_selection_() {
   }
 }
 
+static const uint8_t REASON_BUF_SIZE = 32;
+
+static const char *reason_to_str(unsigned int reason, char *buf) {
+  switch (reason) {
+    case K_ERR_CPU_EXCEPTION:
+      return "CPU exception";
+    case K_ERR_SPURIOUS_IRQ:
+      return "Unhandled interrupt";
+    case K_ERR_STACK_CHK_FAIL:
+      return "Stack overflow";
+    case K_ERR_KERNEL_OOPS:
+      return "Kernel oops";
+    case K_ERR_KERNEL_PANIC:
+      return "Kernel panic";
+    default:
+      snprintf(buf, REASON_BUF_SIZE, "Unknown error (%u)", reason);
+      return buf;
+  }
+}
+
+void Logger::dump_crash_() {
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Crash buffer address %p", &crash_buf);
+  if (crash_buf.magic == CRASH_MAGIC) {
+    char reason_buf[REASON_BUF_SIZE];
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Last crash:");
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Reason=%s PC=0x%08x LR=0x%08x", reason_to_str(crash_buf.reason, reason_buf), crash_buf.pc,
+             crash_buf.lr);
+#if defined(CONFIG_THREAD_NAME)
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Thread: %s", crash_buf.thread);
+#endif
+  }
+}
+
+void k_sys_fatal_error_handler(unsigned int reason, const z_arch_esf_t *esf) {
+  crash_buf.magic = CRASH_MAGIC;
+  crash_buf.reason = reason;
+  if (esf) {
+    crash_buf.pc = esf->basic.pc;
+    crash_buf.lr = esf->basic.lr;
+  }
+#if defined(CONFIG_THREAD_NAME)
+  auto thread = k_current_get();
+  const char *name = k_thread_name_get(thread);
+  if (name) {
+    strncpy(crash_buf.thread, name, sizeof(crash_buf.thread) - 1);
+    crash_buf.thread[sizeof(crash_buf.thread) - 1] = '\0';
+  } else {
+    crash_buf.thread[0] = '\0';
+  }
+#endif
+  arch_restart();
+}
+
 }  // namespace esphome::logger
 
+extern "C" {
+
+void k_sys_fatal_error_handler(unsigned int reason, const z_arch_esf_t *esf) {
+  esphome::logger::k_sys_fatal_error_handler(reason, esf);
+}
+}
+
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py b/esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py
index 7d3d59f0ad..95e3670124 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py
@@ -266,6 +266,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
                 };
             """
         )
+    zephyr_add_prj_conf("REBOOT", True)
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.DIAGNOSTICS)
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr/gpio.h b/esphome/components/zephyr/gpio.h
index 94f25f02ac..907fbe9f9c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zephyr/gpio.h
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr/gpio.h
@@ -3,8 +3,7 @@
 #ifdef USE_ZEPHYR
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include <zephyr/device.h>
-namespace esphome {
-namespace zephyr {
+namespace esphome::zephyr {
 
 class ZephyrGPIOPin : public InternalGPIOPin {
  public:
@@ -39,7 +38,6 @@ class ZephyrGPIOPin : public InternalGPIOPin {
   bool value_{false};
 };
 
-}  // namespace zephyr
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::zephyr
 
 #endif  // USE_ZEPHYR
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr/preferences.h b/esphome/components/zephyr/preferences.h
index 6a37e41b46..4bee96d79e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zephyr/preferences.h
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr/preferences.h
@@ -2,12 +2,10 @@
 
 #ifdef USE_ZEPHYR
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace zephyr {
+namespace esphome::zephyr {
 
 void setup_preferences();
 
-}  // namespace zephyr
-}  // namespace esphome
+}
 
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr/reset_reason.cpp b/esphome/components/zephyr/reset_reason.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..24b32196db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr/reset_reason.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#include "reset_reason.h"
+
+#if defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && (defined(USE_LOGGER_EARLY_MESSAGE) || defined(USE_DEBUG))
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include <zephyr/drivers/hwinfo.h>
+
+namespace esphome::zephyr {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "zephyr";
+
+static size_t append_reset_reason(char *buf, size_t size, size_t pos, bool set, const char *reason) {
+  if (!set) {
+    return pos;
+  }
+  if (pos > 0) {
+    pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, ", ");
+  }
+  return buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "%s", reason);
+}
+
+const char *get_reset_reason(std::span<char, RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer) {
+  char *buf = buffer.data();
+  const size_t size = RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE;
+
+  uint32_t cause;
+  auto ret = hwinfo_get_reset_cause(&cause);
+  if (ret) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unable to get reset cause: %d", ret);
+    buf[0] = '\0';
+    return buf;
+  }
+  size_t pos = 0;
+
+  if (cause == 0) {
+    pos = append_reset_reason(buf, size, pos, true, "None");
+  } else {
+    pos = append_reset_reason(buf, size, pos, cause & RESET_PIN, "External pin");
+    pos = append_reset_reason(buf, size, pos, cause & RESET_SOFTWARE, "Software reset");
+    pos = append_reset_reason(buf, size, pos, cause & RESET_BROWNOUT, "Brownout (drop in voltage)");
+    pos = append_reset_reason(buf, size, pos, cause & RESET_POR, "Power-on reset (POR)");
+    pos = append_reset_reason(buf, size, pos, cause & RESET_WATCHDOG, "Watchdog timer expiration");
+    pos = append_reset_reason(buf, size, pos, cause & RESET_DEBUG, "Debug event");
+    pos = append_reset_reason(buf, size, pos, cause & RESET_SECURITY, "Security violation");
+    pos = append_reset_reason(buf, size, pos, cause & RESET_LOW_POWER_WAKE, "Waking up from low power mode");
+    pos = append_reset_reason(buf, size, pos, cause & RESET_CPU_LOCKUP, "CPU lock-up detected");
+    pos = append_reset_reason(buf, size, pos, cause & RESET_PARITY, "Parity error");
+    pos = append_reset_reason(buf, size, pos, cause & RESET_PLL, "PLL error");
+    pos = append_reset_reason(buf, size, pos, cause & RESET_CLOCK, "Clock error");
+    pos = append_reset_reason(buf, size, pos, cause & RESET_HARDWARE, "Hardware reset");
+    pos = append_reset_reason(buf, size, pos, cause & RESET_USER, "User reset");
+    pos = append_reset_reason(buf, size, pos, cause & RESET_TEMPERATURE, "Temperature reset");
+  }
+
+  // Ensure null termination if nothing was written
+  if (pos == 0) {
+    buf[0] = '\0';
+  }
+  return buf;
+}
+}  // namespace esphome::zephyr
+
+#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr/reset_reason.h b/esphome/components/zephyr/reset_reason.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2c2e7b8470
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr/reset_reason.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#if defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && (defined(USE_LOGGER_EARLY_MESSAGE) || defined(USE_DEBUG))
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <span>
+
+namespace esphome::zephyr {
+
+static constexpr size_t RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE = 128;
+
+const char *get_reset_reason(std::span<char, RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer);
+
+}  // namespace esphome::zephyr
+
+#endif
diff --git a/esphome/config_validation.py b/esphome/config_validation.py
index a9d1a72e5a..ef1c66a20e 100644
--- a/esphome/config_validation.py
+++ b/esphome/config_validation.py
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK,
     PLATFORM_ESP32,
     PLATFORM_ESP8266,
+    PLATFORM_NRF52,
     PLATFORM_RP2040,
     SCHEDULER_DONT_RUN,
     TYPE_GIT,
@@ -695,6 +696,7 @@ def only_with_framework(
 
 only_on_esp32 = only_on(PLATFORM_ESP32)
 only_on_esp8266 = only_on(PLATFORM_ESP8266)
+only_on_nrf52 = only_on(PLATFORM_NRF52)
 only_on_rp2040 = only_on(PLATFORM_RP2040)
 only_with_arduino = only_with_framework(Framework.ARDUINO)
 
diff --git a/esphome/core/defines.h b/esphome/core/defines.h
index a7fb9f197c..c82b222a3d 100644
--- a/esphome/core/defines.h
+++ b/esphome/core/defines.h
@@ -334,6 +334,8 @@
 
 #ifdef USE_NRF52
 #define USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
+#define USE_LOGGER_EARLY_MESSAGE
+#define USE_LOGGER_WAIT_FOR_CDC
 #define USE_NRF52_DFU
 #define USE_NRF52_REG0_VOUT 5
 #define USE_NRF52_UICR_ERASE
diff --git a/tests/components/logger/test.nrf52-adafruit.yaml b/tests/components/logger/test.nrf52-adafruit.yaml
index 821a136250..062451188f 100644
--- a/tests/components/logger/test.nrf52-adafruit.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/logger/test.nrf52-adafruit.yaml
@@ -5,4 +5,6 @@ esphome:
 
 logger:
   level: DEBUG
+  wait_for_cdc: true
+  early_message: true
   task_log_buffer_size: 0

From d206c75b0b815c1cdd5d4f0741f0b04f22918138 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 20 Feb 2026 19:20:44 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 118/609] [logger] Fix loop disable optimization using wrong
 preprocessor guard (#14158)

---
 esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp        | 13 ++++++-------
 esphome/components/logger/logger.h          | 10 +++++-----
 esphome/components/logger/logger_zephyr.cpp |  2 +-
 esphome/core/defines.h                      |  4 ++++
 4 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp b/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp
index 87963c5fc5..22a95e4835 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp
@@ -170,19 +170,19 @@ void Logger::init_log_buffer(size_t total_buffer_size) {
   // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory) - allocated once, never freed
   this->log_buffer_ = new logger::TaskLogBuffer(total_buffer_size);
 
-// Zephyr needs loop working to check when CDC port is open
-#if !(defined(USE_ZEPHYR) || defined(USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC))
-  // Start with loop disabled when using task buffer (unless using USB CDC on ESP32)
+#if !(defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && defined(USE_LOGGER_UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC))
+  // Start with loop disabled when using task buffer
   // The loop will be enabled automatically when messages arrive
+  // Zephyr with USB CDC needs loop active to poll port readiness via cdc_loop_()
   this->disable_loop_when_buffer_empty_();
 #endif
 }
 #endif
 
-#if defined(USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER) || (defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && defined(USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC))
+#if defined(USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER) || (defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && defined(USE_LOGGER_UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC))
 void Logger::loop() {
   this->process_messages_();
-#if defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && defined(USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC)
+#if defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && defined(USE_LOGGER_UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC)
   this->cdc_loop_();
 #endif
 }
@@ -204,8 +204,7 @@ void Logger::process_messages_() {
       this->write_log_buffer_to_console_(buf);
     }
   }
-// Zephyr needs loop working to check when CDC port is open
-#if !(defined(USE_ZEPHYR) || defined(USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC))
+#if !(defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && defined(USE_LOGGER_UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC))
   else {
     // No messages to process, disable loop if appropriate
     // This reduces overhead when there's no async logging activity
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/logger.h b/esphome/components/logger/logger.h
index c6c379f6c6..8bf1edebb8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/logger.h
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/logger.h
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ class Logger : public Component {
 #ifdef USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
   void init_log_buffer(size_t total_buffer_size);
 #endif
-#if defined(USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER) || (defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && defined(USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC))
+#if defined(USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER) || (defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && defined(USE_LOGGER_UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC))
   void loop() override;
 #endif
   /// Manually set the baud rate for serial, set to 0 to disable.
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ class Logger : public Component {
   void log_vprintf_non_main_thread_(uint8_t level, const char *tag, int line, const char *format, va_list args,
                                     const char *thread_name);
 #endif
-#if defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && defined(USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC)
+#if defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && defined(USE_LOGGER_UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC)
   void cdc_loop_();
 #endif
   void process_messages_();
@@ -465,9 +465,9 @@ class Logger : public Component {
   inline RecursionGuard make_non_main_task_guard_() { return RecursionGuard(non_main_task_recursion_guard_); }
 #endif
 
-// Zephyr needs loop working to check when CDC port is open
-#if defined(USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER) && !(defined(USE_ZEPHYR) || defined(USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC))
-  // Disable loop when task buffer is empty (with USB CDC check on ESP32)
+#if defined(USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER) && !(defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && defined(USE_LOGGER_UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC))
+  // Disable loop when task buffer is empty
+  // Zephyr with USB CDC needs loop active to poll port readiness via cdc_loop_()
   inline void disable_loop_when_buffer_empty_() {
     // Thread safety note: This is safe even if another task calls enable_loop_soon_any_context()
     // concurrently. If that happens between our check and disable_loop(), the enable request
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/logger_zephyr.cpp b/esphome/components/logger/logger_zephyr.cpp
index d6193ff36b..c2d24d6efc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/logger_zephyr.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/logger_zephyr.cpp
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ __attribute__((section(".noinit"))) struct {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "logger";
 
-#ifdef USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC
+#ifdef USE_LOGGER_UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC
 void Logger::cdc_loop_() {
   if (this->uart_ != UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC || this->uart_dev_ == nullptr) {
     return;
diff --git a/esphome/core/defines.h b/esphome/core/defines.h
index c82b222a3d..5109dd36f4 100644
--- a/esphome/core/defines.h
+++ b/esphome/core/defines.h
@@ -270,10 +270,12 @@
 
 #if defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S2)
 #define USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC
+#define USE_LOGGER_UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC
 #elif defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5) || \
     defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2) || \
     defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3)
 #define USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC
+#define USE_LOGGER_UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC
 #define USE_LOGGER_USB_SERIAL_JTAG
 #endif
 #endif
@@ -335,6 +337,8 @@
 #ifdef USE_NRF52
 #define USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
 #define USE_LOGGER_EARLY_MESSAGE
+#define USE_LOGGER_UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC
+#define USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC
 #define USE_LOGGER_WAIT_FOR_CDC
 #define USE_NRF52_DFU
 #define USE_NRF52_REG0_VOUT 5

From 35037d1a5b7c5ad7f4dbabaaa60dab2e7d76af01 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 20 Feb 2026 19:20:58 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 119/609] [core] Deduplicate base64 encode/decode logic
 (#14143)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/core/helpers.cpp | 88 ++++++++++++++++++----------------------
 1 file changed, 40 insertions(+), 48 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/helpers.cpp b/esphome/core/helpers.cpp
index 09e755ca71..9f850b5df8 100644
--- a/esphome/core/helpers.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/helpers.cpp
@@ -545,38 +545,36 @@ static inline bool is_base64(char c) { return (isalnum(c) || (c == '+') || (c ==
 
 std::string base64_encode(const std::vector<uint8_t> &buf) { return base64_encode(buf.data(), buf.size()); }
 
+// Encode 3 input bytes to 4 base64 characters, append 'count' to ret.
+static inline void base64_encode_triple(const char *char_array_3, int count, std::string &ret) {
+  char char_array_4[4];
+  char_array_4[0] = (char_array_3[0] & 0xfc) >> 2;
+  char_array_4[1] = ((char_array_3[0] & 0x03) << 4) + ((char_array_3[1] & 0xf0) >> 4);
+  char_array_4[2] = ((char_array_3[1] & 0x0f) << 2) + ((char_array_3[2] & 0xc0) >> 6);
+  char_array_4[3] = char_array_3[2] & 0x3f;
+
+  for (int j = 0; j < count; j++)
+    ret += BASE64_CHARS[static_cast<uint8_t>(char_array_4[j])];
+}
+
 std::string base64_encode(const uint8_t *buf, size_t buf_len) {
   std::string ret;
   int i = 0;
-  int j = 0;
   char char_array_3[3];
-  char char_array_4[4];
 
   while (buf_len--) {
     char_array_3[i++] = *(buf++);
     if (i == 3) {
-      char_array_4[0] = (char_array_3[0] & 0xfc) >> 2;
-      char_array_4[1] = ((char_array_3[0] & 0x03) << 4) + ((char_array_3[1] & 0xf0) >> 4);
-      char_array_4[2] = ((char_array_3[1] & 0x0f) << 2) + ((char_array_3[2] & 0xc0) >> 6);
-      char_array_4[3] = char_array_3[2] & 0x3f;
-
-      for (i = 0; (i < 4); i++)
-        ret += BASE64_CHARS[static_cast<uint8_t>(char_array_4[i])];
+      base64_encode_triple(char_array_3, 4, ret);
       i = 0;
     }
   }
 
   if (i) {
-    for (j = i; j < 3; j++)
+    for (int j = i; j < 3; j++)
       char_array_3[j] = '\0';
 
-    char_array_4[0] = (char_array_3[0] & 0xfc) >> 2;
-    char_array_4[1] = ((char_array_3[0] & 0x03) << 4) + ((char_array_3[1] & 0xf0) >> 4);
-    char_array_4[2] = ((char_array_3[1] & 0x0f) << 2) + ((char_array_3[2] & 0xc0) >> 6);
-    char_array_4[3] = char_array_3[2] & 0x3f;
-
-    for (j = 0; (j < i + 1); j++)
-      ret += BASE64_CHARS[static_cast<uint8_t>(char_array_4[j])];
+    base64_encode_triple(char_array_3, i + 1, ret);
 
     while ((i++ < 3))
       ret += '=';
@@ -589,13 +587,33 @@ size_t base64_decode(const std::string &encoded_string, uint8_t *buf, size_t buf
   return base64_decode(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(encoded_string.data()), encoded_string.size(), buf, buf_len);
 }
 
+// Decode 4 base64 characters to up to 'count' output bytes, returns true if truncated.
+static inline bool base64_decode_quad(uint8_t *char_array_4, int count, uint8_t *buf, size_t buf_len, size_t &out) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+    char_array_4[i] = base64_find_char(char_array_4[i]);
+
+  uint8_t char_array_3[3];
+  char_array_3[0] = (char_array_4[0] << 2) + ((char_array_4[1] & 0x30) >> 4);
+  char_array_3[1] = ((char_array_4[1] & 0xf) << 4) + ((char_array_4[2] & 0x3c) >> 2);
+  char_array_3[2] = ((char_array_4[2] & 0x3) << 6) + char_array_4[3];
+
+  bool truncated = false;
+  for (int j = 0; j < count; j++) {
+    if (out < buf_len) {
+      buf[out++] = char_array_3[j];
+    } else {
+      truncated = true;
+    }
+  }
+  return truncated;
+}
+
 size_t base64_decode(const uint8_t *encoded_data, size_t encoded_len, uint8_t *buf, size_t buf_len) {
   size_t in_len = encoded_len;
   int i = 0;
-  int j = 0;
   size_t in = 0;
   size_t out = 0;
-  uint8_t char_array_4[4], char_array_3[3];
+  uint8_t char_array_4[4];
   bool truncated = false;
 
   // SAFETY: The loop condition checks is_base64() before processing each character.
@@ -605,42 +623,16 @@ size_t base64_decode(const uint8_t *encoded_data, size_t encoded_len, uint8_t *b
     char_array_4[i++] = encoded_data[in];
     in++;
     if (i == 4) {
-      for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
-        char_array_4[i] = base64_find_char(char_array_4[i]);
-
-      char_array_3[0] = (char_array_4[0] << 2) + ((char_array_4[1] & 0x30) >> 4);
-      char_array_3[1] = ((char_array_4[1] & 0xf) << 4) + ((char_array_4[2] & 0x3c) >> 2);
-      char_array_3[2] = ((char_array_4[2] & 0x3) << 6) + char_array_4[3];
-
-      for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
-        if (out < buf_len) {
-          buf[out++] = char_array_3[i];
-        } else {
-          truncated = true;
-        }
-      }
+      truncated |= base64_decode_quad(char_array_4, 3, buf, buf_len, out);
       i = 0;
     }
   }
 
   if (i) {
-    for (j = i; j < 4; j++)
+    for (int j = i; j < 4; j++)
       char_array_4[j] = 0;
 
-    for (j = 0; j < 4; j++)
-      char_array_4[j] = base64_find_char(char_array_4[j]);
-
-    char_array_3[0] = (char_array_4[0] << 2) + ((char_array_4[1] & 0x30) >> 4);
-    char_array_3[1] = ((char_array_4[1] & 0xf) << 4) + ((char_array_4[2] & 0x3c) >> 2);
-    char_array_3[2] = ((char_array_4[2] & 0x3) << 6) + char_array_4[3];
-
-    for (j = 0; j < i - 1; j++) {
-      if (out < buf_len) {
-        buf[out++] = char_array_3[j];
-      } else {
-        truncated = true;
-      }
-    }
+    truncated |= base64_decode_quad(char_array_4, i - 1, buf, buf_len, out);
   }
 
   if (truncated) {

From a3f279c1cf150f6908b84df9976e72821995e7b0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 20 Feb 2026 19:21:14 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 120/609] [usb_host] Implement disable_loop/enable_loop pattern
 for USB components (#14163)

---
 esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host.h        | 21 +++++++++++--------
 .../components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp   | 17 ++++++++++++++-
 esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp      | 11 +++++++++-
 3 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host.h b/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host.h
index d1ec356613..a6a97d0bd7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host.h
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host.h
@@ -73,12 +73,12 @@ static constexpr UBaseType_t USB_TASK_PRIORITY = 5;  // Higher priority than mai
 
 // used to report a transfer status
 struct TransferStatus {
-  bool success;
-  uint16_t error_code;
   uint8_t *data;
   size_t data_len;
-  uint8_t endpoint;
   void *user_data;
+  uint16_t error_code;
+  uint8_t endpoint;
+  bool success;
 };
 
 using transfer_cb_t = std::function<void(const TransferStatus &)>;
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ class USBClient : public Component {
   friend class USBHost;
 
  public:
-  USBClient(uint16_t vid, uint16_t pid) : vid_(vid), pid_(pid), trq_in_use_(0) {}
+  USBClient(uint16_t vid, uint16_t pid) : trq_in_use_(0), vid_(vid), pid_(pid) {}
   void setup() override;
   void loop() override;
   // setup must happen after the host bus has been setup
@@ -148,6 +148,10 @@ class USBClient : public Component {
   EventPool<UsbEvent, USB_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE> event_pool;
 
  protected:
+  // Process USB events from the queue. Returns true if any work was done.
+  // Subclasses should call this instead of USBClient::loop() to combine
+  // with their own work check for a single disable_loop() decision.
+  bool process_usb_events_();
   void handle_open_state_();
   TransferRequest *get_trq_();  // Lock-free allocation using atomic bitmask (multi-consumer safe)
   virtual void disconnect();
@@ -161,20 +165,19 @@ class USBClient : public Component {
   static void usb_task_fn(void *arg);
   [[noreturn]] void usb_task_loop() const;
 
+  // Members ordered to minimize struct padding on 32-bit platforms
+  TransferRequest requests_[MAX_REQUESTS]{};
   TaskHandle_t usb_task_handle_{nullptr};
-
   usb_host_client_handle_t handle_{};
   usb_device_handle_t device_handle_{};
   int device_addr_{-1};
   int state_{USB_CLIENT_INIT};
-  uint16_t vid_{};
-  uint16_t pid_{};
   // Lock-free pool management using atomic bitmask (no dynamic allocation)
   // Bit i = 1: requests_[i] is in use, Bit i = 0: requests_[i] is available
   // Supports multiple concurrent consumers and producers (both threads can allocate/deallocate)
-  // Bitmask type automatically selected: uint16_t for <= 16 slots, uint32_t for 17-32 slots
   std::atomic<trq_bitmask_t> trq_in_use_;
-  TransferRequest requests_[MAX_REQUESTS]{};
+  uint16_t vid_{};
+  uint16_t pid_{};
 };
 class USBHost : public Component {
  public:
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp
index 0612d7a841..a9be38fb03 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp
@@ -197,6 +197,9 @@ static void client_event_cb(const usb_host_client_event_msg_t *event_msg, void *
   // Push to lock-free queue (always succeeds since pool size == queue size)
   client->event_queue.push(event);
 
+  // Re-enable component loop to process the queued event
+  client->enable_loop_soon_any_context();
+
   // Wake main loop immediately to process USB event instead of waiting for select() timeout
 #if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE)
   App.wake_loop_threadsafe();
@@ -243,10 +246,13 @@ void USBClient::usb_task_loop() const {
   }
 }
 
-void USBClient::loop() {
+bool USBClient::process_usb_events_() {
+  bool had_work = false;
+
   // Process any events from the USB task
   UsbEvent *event;
   while ((event = this->event_queue.pop()) != nullptr) {
+    had_work = true;
     switch (event->type) {
       case EVENT_DEVICE_NEW:
         this->on_opened(event->data.device_new.address);
@@ -266,8 +272,17 @@ void USBClient::loop() {
   }
 
   if (this->state_ == USB_CLIENT_OPEN) {
+    had_work = true;
     this->handle_open_state_();
   }
+
+  return had_work;
+}
+
+void USBClient::loop() {
+  if (!this->process_usb_events_()) {
+    this->disable_loop();
+  }
 }
 
 void USBClient::handle_open_state_() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
index edd01c26c6..5c2806c456 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
@@ -172,11 +172,12 @@ bool USBUartChannel::read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
 }
 void USBUartComponent::setup() { USBClient::setup(); }
 void USBUartComponent::loop() {
-  USBClient::loop();
+  bool had_work = this->process_usb_events_();
 
   // Process USB data from the lock-free queue
   UsbDataChunk *chunk;
   while ((chunk = this->usb_data_queue_.pop()) != nullptr) {
+    had_work = true;
     auto *channel = chunk->channel;
 
 #ifdef USE_UART_DEBUGGER
@@ -198,6 +199,11 @@ void USBUartComponent::loop() {
   if (dropped > 0) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Dropped %u USB data chunks due to buffer overflow", dropped);
   }
+
+  // Disable loop when idle. Callbacks re-enable via enable_loop_soon_any_context().
+  if (!had_work) {
+    this->disable_loop();
+  }
 }
 void USBUartComponent::dump_config() {
   USBClient::dump_config();
@@ -264,6 +270,9 @@ void USBUartComponent::start_input(USBUartChannel *channel) {
       // Push always succeeds because pool size == queue size
       this->usb_data_queue_.push(chunk);
 
+      // Re-enable component loop to process the queued data
+      this->enable_loop_soon_any_context();
+
       // Wake main loop immediately to process USB data instead of waiting for select() timeout
 #if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE)
       App.wake_loop_threadsafe();

From 0e38acd67a178ca6490284093c7034e8bfde5532 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 20 Feb 2026 19:21:56 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 121/609] [api] Warn when clients connect with outdated API
 version (#14145)

---
 esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp | 6 ++++++
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
index 5a7994a322..5b02bee537 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
@@ -1534,6 +1534,12 @@ bool APIConnection::send_hello_response_(const HelloRequest &msg) {
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Hello from client: '%s' | %s | API Version %" PRIu16 ".%" PRIu16, this->helper_->get_client_name(),
            this->helper_->get_peername_to(peername), this->client_api_version_major_, this->client_api_version_minor_);
 
+  // TODO: Remove before 2026.8.0 (one version after get_object_id backward compat removal)
+  if (!this->client_supports_api_version(1, 14)) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' using outdated API %" PRIu16 ".%" PRIu16 ", update to 1.14+", this->helper_->get_client_name(),
+             this->client_api_version_major_, this->client_api_version_minor_);
+  }
+
   HelloResponse resp;
   resp.api_version_major = 1;
   resp.api_version_minor = 14;

From 8589f80d8fea4751aeac15134c91ca79fdf850a9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 20 Feb 2026 20:59:49 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 122/609] [api,ota,captive_portal] Fix fd leaks and clean up
 socket_ip_loop_monitored setup paths (#14167)

---
 esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp         | 30 +++++++++----------
 esphome/components/api/api_server.h           |  9 +++++-
 .../captive_portal/dns_server_esp32_idf.cpp   |  9 ++----
 .../captive_portal/dns_server_esp32_idf.h     |  9 ++++--
 .../components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.cpp    | 26 +++++++++-------
 esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.h  |  3 +-
 6 files changed, 49 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp
index 1a1d0b229b..5b096788f5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp
@@ -30,6 +30,12 @@ APIServer *global_api_server = nullptr;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-c
 
 APIServer::APIServer() { global_api_server = this; }
 
+void APIServer::socket_failed_(const LogString *msg) {
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Socket %s: errno %d", LOG_STR_ARG(msg), errno);
+  this->destroy_socket_();
+  this->mark_failed();
+}
+
 void APIServer::setup() {
   ControllerRegistry::register_controller(this);
 
@@ -48,22 +54,20 @@ void APIServer::setup() {
 #endif
 #endif
 
-  this->socket_ = socket::socket_ip_loop_monitored(SOCK_STREAM, 0);  // monitored for incoming connections
+  this->socket_ = socket::socket_ip_loop_monitored(SOCK_STREAM, 0).release();  // monitored for incoming connections
   if (this->socket_ == nullptr) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Could not create socket");
-    this->mark_failed();
+    this->socket_failed_(LOG_STR("creation"));
     return;
   }
   int enable = 1;
   int err = this->socket_->setsockopt(SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &enable, sizeof(int));
   if (err != 0) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Socket unable to set reuseaddr: errno %d", err);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Socket reuseaddr: errno %d", errno);
     // we can still continue
   }
   err = this->socket_->setblocking(false);
   if (err != 0) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Socket unable to set nonblocking mode: errno %d", err);
-    this->mark_failed();
+    this->socket_failed_(LOG_STR("nonblocking"));
     return;
   }
 
@@ -71,22 +75,19 @@ void APIServer::setup() {
 
   socklen_t sl = socket::set_sockaddr_any((struct sockaddr *) &server, sizeof(server), this->port_);
   if (sl == 0) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Socket unable to set sockaddr: errno %d", errno);
-    this->mark_failed();
+    this->socket_failed_(LOG_STR("set sockaddr"));
     return;
   }
 
   err = this->socket_->bind((struct sockaddr *) &server, sl);
   if (err != 0) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Socket unable to bind: errno %d", errno);
-    this->mark_failed();
+    this->socket_failed_(LOG_STR("bind"));
     return;
   }
 
   err = this->socket_->listen(this->listen_backlog_);
   if (err != 0) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Socket unable to listen: errno %d", errno);
-    this->mark_failed();
+    this->socket_failed_(LOG_STR("listen"));
     return;
   }
 
@@ -622,10 +623,7 @@ void APIServer::on_shutdown() {
   this->shutting_down_ = true;
 
   // Close the listening socket to prevent new connections
-  if (this->socket_) {
-    this->socket_->close();
-    this->socket_ = nullptr;
-  }
+  this->destroy_socket_();
 
   // Change batch delay to 5ms for quick flushing during shutdown
   this->batch_delay_ = 5;
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_server.h b/esphome/components/api/api_server.h
index 3b9ba0e23b..fed29016b3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_server.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_server.h
@@ -249,8 +249,15 @@ class APIServer : public Component,
   void add_state_subscription_(std::string entity_id, optional<std::string> attribute,
                                std::function<void(const std::string &)> f, bool once);
 #endif  // USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
+  // No explicit close() needed — listen sockets have no active connections on
+  // failure/shutdown. Destructor handles fd cleanup (close or abort per platform).
+  inline void destroy_socket_() {
+    delete this->socket_;
+    this->socket_ = nullptr;
+  }
+  void socket_failed_(const LogString *msg);
   // Pointers and pointer-like types first (4 bytes each)
-  std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket_ = nullptr;
+  socket::Socket *socket_{nullptr};
 #ifdef USE_API_CLIENT_CONNECTED_TRIGGER
   Trigger<std::string, std::string> client_connected_trigger_;
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/captive_portal/dns_server_esp32_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/captive_portal/dns_server_esp32_idf.cpp
index 5743cbd671..bd9989a40c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/captive_portal/dns_server_esp32_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/captive_portal/dns_server_esp32_idf.cpp
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ void DNSServer::start(const network::IPAddress &ip) {
 #endif
 
   // Create loop-monitored UDP socket
-  this->socket_ = socket::socket_ip_loop_monitored(SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
+  this->socket_ = socket::socket_ip_loop_monitored(SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP).release();
   if (this->socket_ == nullptr) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Socket create failed");
     return;
@@ -70,17 +70,14 @@ void DNSServer::start(const network::IPAddress &ip) {
   int err = this->socket_->bind((struct sockaddr *) &server_addr, addr_len);
   if (err != 0) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Bind failed: %d", errno);
-    this->socket_ = nullptr;
+    this->destroy_socket_();
     return;
   }
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Bound to port %d", DNS_PORT);
 }
 
 void DNSServer::stop() {
-  if (this->socket_ != nullptr) {
-    this->socket_->close();
-    this->socket_ = nullptr;
-  }
+  this->destroy_socket_();
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Stopped");
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/captive_portal/dns_server_esp32_idf.h b/esphome/components/captive_portal/dns_server_esp32_idf.h
index 3e0ac07373..f8e4cfec84 100644
--- a/esphome/components/captive_portal/dns_server_esp32_idf.h
+++ b/esphome/components/captive_portal/dns_server_esp32_idf.h
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 
-#include <memory>
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/components/network/ip_address.h"
 #include "esphome/components/socket/socket.h"
@@ -15,9 +14,15 @@ class DNSServer {
   void process_next_request();
 
  protected:
+  // No explicit close() needed — listen sockets have no active connections on
+  // failure/shutdown. Destructor handles fd cleanup (close or abort per platform).
+  inline void destroy_socket_() {
+    delete this->socket_;
+    this->socket_ = nullptr;
+  }
   static constexpr size_t DNS_BUFFER_SIZE = 192;
 
-  std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket_{nullptr};
+  socket::Socket *socket_{nullptr};
   network::IPAddress server_ip_;
   uint8_t buffer_[DNS_BUFFER_SIZE];
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.cpp b/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.cpp
index df2ea98f2c..a1cdf59d2b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.cpp
@@ -28,10 +28,9 @@ static constexpr uint32_t OTA_SOCKET_TIMEOUT_HANDSHAKE = 20000;  // milliseconds
 static constexpr uint32_t OTA_SOCKET_TIMEOUT_DATA = 90000;       // milliseconds for data transfer
 
 void ESPHomeOTAComponent::setup() {
-  this->server_ = socket::socket_ip_loop_monitored(SOCK_STREAM, 0);  // monitored for incoming connections
+  this->server_ = socket::socket_ip_loop_monitored(SOCK_STREAM, 0).release();  // monitored for incoming connections
   if (this->server_ == nullptr) {
-    this->log_socket_error_(LOG_STR("creation"));
-    this->mark_failed();
+    this->server_failed_(LOG_STR("creation"));
     return;
   }
   int enable = 1;
@@ -42,8 +41,7 @@ void ESPHomeOTAComponent::setup() {
   }
   err = this->server_->setblocking(false);
   if (err != 0) {
-    this->log_socket_error_(LOG_STR("non-blocking"));
-    this->mark_failed();
+    this->server_failed_(LOG_STR("nonblocking"));
     return;
   }
 
@@ -51,22 +49,19 @@ void ESPHomeOTAComponent::setup() {
 
   socklen_t sl = socket::set_sockaddr_any((struct sockaddr *) &server, sizeof(server), this->port_);
   if (sl == 0) {
-    this->log_socket_error_(LOG_STR("set sockaddr"));
-    this->mark_failed();
+    this->server_failed_(LOG_STR("set sockaddr"));
     return;
   }
 
   err = this->server_->bind((struct sockaddr *) &server, sizeof(server));
   if (err != 0) {
-    this->log_socket_error_(LOG_STR("bind"));
-    this->mark_failed();
+    this->server_failed_(LOG_STR("bind"));
     return;
   }
 
   err = this->server_->listen(1);  // Only one client at a time
   if (err != 0) {
-    this->log_socket_error_(LOG_STR("listen"));
-    this->mark_failed();
+    this->server_failed_(LOG_STR("listen"));
     return;
   }
 }
@@ -455,6 +450,15 @@ void ESPHomeOTAComponent::log_remote_closed_(const LogString *during) {
   ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Remote closed at %s", LOG_STR_ARG(during));
 }
 
+void ESPHomeOTAComponent::server_failed_(const LogString *msg) {
+  this->log_socket_error_(msg);
+  // No explicit close() needed — listen sockets have no active connections on
+  // failure/shutdown. Destructor handles fd cleanup (close or abort per platform).
+  delete this->server_;
+  this->server_ = nullptr;
+  this->mark_failed();
+}
+
 bool ESPHomeOTAComponent::handle_read_error_(ssize_t read, const LogString *desc) {
   if (read == -1 && this->would_block_(errno)) {
     return false;  // No data yet, try again next loop
diff --git a/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.h b/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.h
index e199b7e406..c9e89c82ba 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.h
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ class ESPHomeOTAComponent : public ota::OTAComponent {
     this->handshake_buf_pos_ = 0;  // Reset buffer position for next state
   }
 
+  void server_failed_(const LogString *msg);
   void log_socket_error_(const LogString *msg);
   void log_read_error_(const LogString *what);
   void log_start_(const LogString *phase);
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ class ESPHomeOTAComponent : public ota::OTAComponent {
   std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> auth_buf_;
 #endif  // USE_OTA_PASSWORD
 
-  std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> server_;
+  socket::Socket *server_{nullptr};
   std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> client_;
   std::unique_ptr<ota::OTABackend> backend_;
 

From abe37c98413c6b78a7a01bec82f4b2f14e68cd77 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 20 Feb 2026 21:08:49 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 123/609] [uptime] Use scheduler millis_64() for rollover-safe
 uptime tracking (#14170)

---
 .../uptime/sensor/uptime_seconds_sensor.cpp   | 27 +++++--------------
 .../uptime/sensor/uptime_seconds_sensor.h     |  9 ++-----
 .../uptime/sensor/uptime_timestamp_sensor.cpp |  6 ++---
 .../uptime/sensor/uptime_timestamp_sensor.h   |  6 ++---
 .../uptime/text_sensor/uptime_text_sensor.cpp | 24 ++++-------------
 .../uptime/text_sensor/uptime_text_sensor.h   |  8 ++----
 esphome/core/scheduler.cpp                    |  2 ++
 esphome/core/scheduler.h                      |  3 +++
 8 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 61 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_seconds_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_seconds_sensor.cpp
index 54260d7e80..20e8ed8fda 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_seconds_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_seconds_sensor.cpp
@@ -1,30 +1,16 @@
 #include "uptime_seconds_sensor.h"
 
-#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
-#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace uptime {
+namespace esphome::uptime {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "uptime.sensor";
 
 void UptimeSecondsSensor::update() {
-  const uint32_t ms = millis();
-  const uint64_t ms_mask = (1ULL << 32) - 1ULL;
-  const uint32_t last_ms = this->uptime_ & ms_mask;
-  if (ms < last_ms) {
-    this->uptime_ += ms_mask + 1ULL;
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Detected roll-over \xf0\x9f\xa6\x84");
-  }
-  this->uptime_ &= ~ms_mask;
-  this->uptime_ |= ms;
-
-  // Do separate second and milliseconds conversion to avoid floating point division errors
-  // Probably some IEEE standard already guarantees this division can be done without loss
-  // of precision in a single division, but let's do it like this to be sure.
-  const uint64_t seconds_int = this->uptime_ / 1000ULL;
-  const float seconds = float(seconds_int) + (this->uptime_ % 1000ULL) / 1000.0f;
+  const uint64_t uptime = App.scheduler.millis_64();
+  const uint64_t seconds_int = uptime / 1000ULL;
+  const float seconds = float(seconds_int) + (uptime % 1000ULL) / 1000.0f;
   this->publish_state(seconds);
 }
 float UptimeSecondsSensor::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
@@ -33,5 +19,4 @@ void UptimeSecondsSensor::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Type: Seconds");
 }
 
-}  // namespace uptime
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::uptime
diff --git a/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_seconds_sensor.h b/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_seconds_sensor.h
index 210195052f..1b80a4480a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_seconds_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_seconds_sensor.h
@@ -3,8 +3,7 @@
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace uptime {
+namespace esphome::uptime {
 
 class UptimeSecondsSensor : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent {
  public:
@@ -12,10 +11,6 @@ class UptimeSecondsSensor : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent {
   void dump_config() override;
 
   float get_setup_priority() const override;
-
- protected:
-  uint64_t uptime_{0};
 };
 
-}  // namespace uptime
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::uptime
diff --git a/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_timestamp_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_timestamp_sensor.cpp
index 69033be11c..4e0f06be1c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_timestamp_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_timestamp_sensor.cpp
@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace uptime {
+namespace esphome::uptime {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "uptime.sensor";
 
@@ -33,7 +32,6 @@ void UptimeTimestampSensor::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Type: Timestamp");
 }
 
-}  // namespace uptime
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::uptime
 
 #endif  // USE_TIME
diff --git a/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_timestamp_sensor.h b/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_timestamp_sensor.h
index f38b5d53b4..912c0b7655 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_timestamp_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_timestamp_sensor.h
@@ -8,8 +8,7 @@
 #include "esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace uptime {
+namespace esphome::uptime {
 
 class UptimeTimestampSensor : public sensor::Sensor, public Component {
  public:
@@ -24,7 +23,6 @@ class UptimeTimestampSensor : public sensor::Sensor, public Component {
   time::RealTimeClock *time_;
 };
 
-}  // namespace uptime
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::uptime
 
 #endif  // USE_TIME
diff --git a/esphome/components/uptime/text_sensor/uptime_text_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/uptime/text_sensor/uptime_text_sensor.cpp
index acd3980a1a..88ae53fbfc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uptime/text_sensor/uptime_text_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uptime/text_sensor/uptime_text_sensor.cpp
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 #include "uptime_text_sensor.h"
 
-#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace uptime {
+namespace esphome::uptime {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "uptime.sensor";
 
@@ -17,22 +16,10 @@ static void append_unit(char *buf, size_t buf_size, size_t &pos, const char *sep
   pos = buf_append_printf(buf, buf_size, pos, "%u%s", value, label);
 }
 
-void UptimeTextSensor::setup() {
-  this->last_ms_ = millis();
-  if (this->last_ms_ < 60 * 1000)
-    this->last_ms_ = 0;
-  this->update();
-}
+void UptimeTextSensor::setup() { this->update(); }
 
 void UptimeTextSensor::update() {
-  auto now = millis();
-  // get whole seconds since last update. Note that even if the millis count has overflowed between updates,
-  // the difference will still be correct due to the way twos-complement arithmetic works.
-  uint32_t delta = now - this->last_ms_;
-  this->last_ms_ = now - delta % 1000;  // save remainder for next update
-  delta /= 1000;
-  this->uptime_ += delta;
-  uint32_t uptime = this->uptime_;
+  uint32_t uptime = static_cast<uint32_t>(App.scheduler.millis_64() / 1000);
   unsigned interval = this->get_update_interval() / 1000;
 
   // Calculate all time units
@@ -89,5 +76,4 @@ void UptimeTextSensor::update() {
 float UptimeTextSensor::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
 void UptimeTextSensor::dump_config() { LOG_TEXT_SENSOR("", "Uptime Text Sensor", this); }
 
-}  // namespace uptime
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::uptime
diff --git a/esphome/components/uptime/text_sensor/uptime_text_sensor.h b/esphome/components/uptime/text_sensor/uptime_text_sensor.h
index 947d9c91e9..a97ba332bb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uptime/text_sensor/uptime_text_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uptime/text_sensor/uptime_text_sensor.h
@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@
 #include "esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace uptime {
+namespace esphome::uptime {
 
 class UptimeTextSensor : public text_sensor::TextSensor, public PollingComponent {
  public:
@@ -35,9 +34,6 @@ class UptimeTextSensor : public text_sensor::TextSensor, public PollingComponent
   const char *seconds_text_;
   const char *separator_;
   bool expand_{};
-  uint32_t uptime_{0};  // uptime in seconds, will overflow after 136 years
-  uint32_t last_ms_{0};
 };
 
-}  // namespace uptime
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::uptime
diff --git a/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp b/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
index 3294f689e8..e82efcc520 100644
--- a/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
@@ -675,6 +675,8 @@ bool HOT Scheduler::cancel_item_locked_(Component *component, NameType name_type
   return total_cancelled > 0;
 }
 
+uint64_t Scheduler::millis_64() { return this->millis_64_(millis()); }
+
 uint64_t Scheduler::millis_64_(uint32_t now) {
   // THREAD SAFETY NOTE:
   // This function has three implementations, based on the precompiler flags
diff --git a/esphome/core/scheduler.h b/esphome/core/scheduler.h
index 394178a831..afe11aaca6 100644
--- a/esphome/core/scheduler.h
+++ b/esphome/core/scheduler.h
@@ -116,6 +116,9 @@ class Scheduler {
   ESPDEPRECATED("cancel_retry is deprecated and will be removed in 2026.8.0.", "2026.2.0")
   bool cancel_retry(Component *component, uint32_t id);
 
+  /// Get 64-bit millisecond timestamp (handles 32-bit millis() rollover)
+  uint64_t millis_64();
+
   // Calculate when the next scheduled item should run
   // @param now Fresh timestamp from millis() - must not be stale/cached
   // Returns the time in milliseconds until the next scheduled item, or nullopt if no items

From f8f98bf428e1db199f4b5bf79a4b3362b7d5672d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 20 Feb 2026 21:16:49 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 124/609] [logger] Reduce UART driver heap waste on ESP32
 (#14168)

---
 esphome/components/logger/logger_esp32.cpp | 7 ++++---
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/logger_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/logger/logger_esp32.cpp
index dfa643d5e9..9d64771aec 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/logger_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/logger_esp32.cpp
@@ -77,9 +77,10 @@ void init_uart(uart_port_t uart_num, uint32_t baud_rate, int tx_buffer_size) {
   uart_config.flow_ctrl = UART_HW_FLOWCTRL_DISABLE;
   uart_config.source_clk = UART_SCLK_DEFAULT;
   uart_param_config(uart_num, &uart_config);
-  const int uart_buffer_size = tx_buffer_size;
-  // Install UART driver using an event queue here
-  uart_driver_install(uart_num, uart_buffer_size, uart_buffer_size, 10, nullptr, 0);
+  // The logger only writes to UART, never reads, so use the minimum RX buffer.
+  // ESP-IDF requires rx_buffer_size > UART_HW_FIFO_LEN (128 bytes).
+  const int min_rx_buffer_size = UART_HW_FIFO_LEN(uart_num) + 1;
+  uart_driver_install(uart_num, min_rx_buffer_size, tx_buffer_size, 0, nullptr, 0);
 }
 
 void Logger::pre_setup() {

From f77da803c9b316c78a51e602563dcd6d916682f7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 20 Feb 2026 21:39:18 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 125/609] [api] Write protobuf encode output to pre-sized
 buffer directly (#14018)

---
 esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp |  35 ++---
 esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp        | 180 +++++++++++-----------
 esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h          | 176 ++++++++++-----------
 esphome/components/api/proto.cpp          |  15 ++
 esphome/components/api/proto.h            | 108 ++++++++-----
 script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py       |  12 +-
 6 files changed, 286 insertions(+), 240 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
index 5b02bee537..9fc263abbd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
@@ -347,9 +347,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::encode_message_to_buffer(ProtoMessage &msg, uint8_t mess
 #endif
 
   // Calculate size
-  ProtoSize size_calc;
-  msg.calculate_size(size_calc);
-  uint32_t calculated_size = size_calc.get_size();
+  uint32_t calculated_size = msg.calculated_size();
 
   // Cache frame sizes to avoid repeated virtual calls
   const uint8_t header_padding = conn->helper_->frame_header_padding();
@@ -377,19 +375,14 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::encode_message_to_buffer(ProtoMessage &msg, uint8_t mess
     shared_buf.resize(current_size + footer_size + header_padding);
   }
 
-  // Encode directly into buffer
-  size_t size_before_encode = shared_buf.size();
-  msg.encode({&shared_buf});
+  // Pre-resize buffer to include payload, then encode through raw pointer
+  size_t write_start = shared_buf.size();
+  shared_buf.resize(write_start + calculated_size);
+  ProtoWriteBuffer buffer{&shared_buf, write_start};
+  msg.encode(buffer);
 
-  // Calculate actual encoded size (not including header that was already added)
-  size_t actual_payload_size = shared_buf.size() - size_before_encode;
-
-  // Return actual total size (header + actual payload + footer)
-  size_t actual_total_size = header_padding + actual_payload_size + footer_size;
-
-  // Verify that calculate_size() returned the correct value
-  assert(calculated_size == actual_payload_size);
-  return static_cast<uint16_t>(actual_total_size);
+  // Return total size (header + payload + footer)
+  return static_cast<uint16_t>(header_padding + calculated_size + footer_size);
 }
 
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
@@ -1854,12 +1847,14 @@ bool APIConnection::try_to_clear_buffer(bool log_out_of_space) {
   return false;
 }
 bool APIConnection::send_message_impl(const ProtoMessage &msg, uint8_t message_type) {
-  ProtoSize size;
-  msg.calculate_size(size);
+  uint32_t payload_size = msg.calculated_size();
   std::vector<uint8_t> &shared_buf = this->parent_->get_shared_buffer_ref();
-  this->prepare_first_message_buffer(shared_buf, size.get_size());
-  msg.encode({&shared_buf});
-  return this->send_buffer({&shared_buf}, message_type);
+  this->prepare_first_message_buffer(shared_buf, payload_size);
+  size_t write_start = shared_buf.size();
+  shared_buf.resize(write_start + payload_size);
+  ProtoWriteBuffer buffer{&shared_buf, write_start};
+  msg.encode(buffer);
+  return this->send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer{&shared_buf}, message_type);
 }
 bool APIConnection::send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, uint8_t message_type) {
   const bool is_log_message = (message_type == SubscribeLogsResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp
index 743f51dac7..5c50a8aa5b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ bool HelloRequest::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value)
   }
   return true;
 }
-void HelloResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void HelloResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(1, this->api_version_major);
   buffer.encode_uint32(2, this->api_version_minor);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->server_info);
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ void HelloResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_length(1, this->name.size());
 }
 #ifdef USE_AREAS
-void AreaInfo::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void AreaInfo::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(1, this->area_id);
   buffer.encode_string(2, this->name);
 }
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ void AreaInfo::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-void DeviceInfo::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void DeviceInfo::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(1, this->device_id);
   buffer.encode_string(2, this->name);
   buffer.encode_uint32(3, this->area_id);
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ void DeviceInfo::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_uint32(1, this->area_id);
 }
 #endif
-void DeviceInfoResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void DeviceInfoResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(2, this->name);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->mac_address);
   buffer.encode_string(4, this->esphome_version);
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ void DeviceInfoResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
   }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_AREAS
-  buffer.encode_message(22, this->area);
+  buffer.encode_message(22, this->area, false);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
   buffer.encode_uint32(23, this->zwave_proxy_feature_flags);
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ void DeviceInfoResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
 #endif
 }
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
-void ListEntitiesBinarySensorResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void ListEntitiesBinarySensorResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
   buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ void ListEntitiesBinarySensorResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void BinarySensorStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void BinarySensorStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
   buffer.encode_bool(2, this->state);
   buffer.encode_bool(3, this->missing_state);
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ void BinarySensorStateResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_COVER
-void ListEntitiesCoverResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void ListEntitiesCoverResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
   buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ void ListEntitiesCoverResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void CoverStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void CoverStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
   buffer.encode_float(3, this->position);
   buffer.encode_float(4, this->tilt);
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ bool CoverCommandRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_FAN
-void ListEntitiesFanResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void ListEntitiesFanResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
   buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ void ListEntitiesFanResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void FanStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void FanStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
   buffer.encode_bool(2, this->state);
   buffer.encode_bool(3, this->oscillating);
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ bool FanCommandRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_LIGHT
-void ListEntitiesLightResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void ListEntitiesLightResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
   buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ void ListEntitiesLightResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_uint32(2, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void LightStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void LightStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
   buffer.encode_bool(2, this->state);
   buffer.encode_float(3, this->brightness);
@@ -635,7 +635,7 @@ bool LightCommandRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
-void ListEntitiesSensorResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void ListEntitiesSensorResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
   buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
@@ -671,7 +671,7 @@ void ListEntitiesSensorResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void SensorStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void SensorStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
   buffer.encode_float(2, this->state);
   buffer.encode_bool(3, this->missing_state);
@@ -689,7 +689,7 @@ void SensorStateResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SWITCH
-void ListEntitiesSwitchResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void ListEntitiesSwitchResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
   buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
@@ -719,7 +719,7 @@ void ListEntitiesSwitchResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void SwitchStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void SwitchStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
   buffer.encode_bool(2, this->state);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
@@ -760,7 +760,7 @@ bool SwitchCommandRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
-void ListEntitiesTextSensorResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void ListEntitiesTextSensorResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
   buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
@@ -788,7 +788,7 @@ void ListEntitiesTextSensorResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void TextSensorStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void TextSensorStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(2, this->state);
   buffer.encode_bool(3, this->missing_state);
@@ -818,7 +818,7 @@ bool SubscribeLogsRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   }
   return true;
 }
-void SubscribeLogsResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void SubscribeLogsResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->level));
   buffer.encode_bytes(3, this->message_ptr_, this->message_len_);
 }
@@ -839,11 +839,11 @@ bool NoiseEncryptionSetKeyRequest::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthD
   }
   return true;
 }
-void NoiseEncryptionSetKeyResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const { buffer.encode_bool(1, this->success); }
+void NoiseEncryptionSetKeyResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const { buffer.encode_bool(1, this->success); }
 void NoiseEncryptionSetKeyResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const { size.add_bool(1, this->success); }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
-void HomeassistantServiceMap::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void HomeassistantServiceMap::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(2, this->value);
 }
@@ -851,7 +851,7 @@ void HomeassistantServiceMap::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_length(1, this->key.size());
   size.add_length(1, this->value.size());
 }
-void HomeassistantActionRequest::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void HomeassistantActionRequest::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->service);
   for (auto &it : this->data) {
     buffer.encode_message(2, it);
@@ -924,7 +924,7 @@ bool HomeassistantActionResponse::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDe
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
-void SubscribeHomeAssistantStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void SubscribeHomeAssistantStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->entity_id);
   buffer.encode_string(2, this->attribute);
   buffer.encode_bool(3, this->once);
@@ -976,7 +976,7 @@ bool GetTimeResponse::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
   return true;
 }
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
-void ListEntitiesServicesArgument::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void ListEntitiesServicesArgument::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->name);
   buffer.encode_uint32(2, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->type));
 }
@@ -984,7 +984,7 @@ void ListEntitiesServicesArgument::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_length(1, this->name.size());
   size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->type));
 }
-void ListEntitiesServicesResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void ListEntitiesServicesResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->name);
   buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
   for (auto &it : this->args) {
@@ -1103,7 +1103,7 @@ void ExecuteServiceRequest::decode(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t length) {
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
-void ExecuteServiceResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void ExecuteServiceResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(1, this->call_id);
   buffer.encode_bool(2, this->success);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->error_message);
@@ -1121,7 +1121,7 @@ void ExecuteServiceResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA
-void ListEntitiesCameraResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void ListEntitiesCameraResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
   buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
@@ -1147,7 +1147,7 @@ void ListEntitiesCameraResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void CameraImageResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void CameraImageResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
   buffer.encode_bytes(2, this->data_ptr_, this->data_len_);
   buffer.encode_bool(3, this->done);
@@ -1178,7 +1178,7 @@ bool CameraImageRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_CLIMATE
-void ListEntitiesClimateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void ListEntitiesClimateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
   buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
@@ -1276,7 +1276,7 @@ void ListEntitiesClimateResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
 #endif
   size.add_uint32(2, this->feature_flags);
 }
-void ClimateStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void ClimateStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
   buffer.encode_uint32(2, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->mode));
   buffer.encode_float(3, this->current_temperature);
@@ -1407,7 +1407,7 @@ bool ClimateCommandRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_WATER_HEATER
-void ListEntitiesWaterHeaterResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void ListEntitiesWaterHeaterResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
   buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
@@ -1449,7 +1449,7 @@ void ListEntitiesWaterHeaterResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   }
   size.add_uint32(1, this->supported_features);
 }
-void WaterHeaterStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void WaterHeaterStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
   buffer.encode_float(2, this->current_temperature);
   buffer.encode_float(3, this->target_temperature);
@@ -1515,7 +1515,7 @@ bool WaterHeaterCommandRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_NUMBER
-void ListEntitiesNumberResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void ListEntitiesNumberResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
   buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
@@ -1553,7 +1553,7 @@ void ListEntitiesNumberResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void NumberStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void NumberStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
   buffer.encode_float(2, this->state);
   buffer.encode_bool(3, this->missing_state);
@@ -1596,7 +1596,7 @@ bool NumberCommandRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
-void ListEntitiesSelectResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void ListEntitiesSelectResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
   buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
@@ -1630,7 +1630,7 @@ void ListEntitiesSelectResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void SelectStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void SelectStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(2, this->state);
   buffer.encode_bool(3, this->missing_state);
@@ -1681,7 +1681,7 @@ bool SelectCommandRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SIREN
-void ListEntitiesSirenResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void ListEntitiesSirenResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
   buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
@@ -1719,7 +1719,7 @@ void ListEntitiesSirenResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void SirenStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void SirenStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
   buffer.encode_bool(2, this->state);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
@@ -1789,7 +1789,7 @@ bool SirenCommandRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_LOCK
-void ListEntitiesLockResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void ListEntitiesLockResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
   buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
@@ -1823,7 +1823,7 @@ void ListEntitiesLockResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void LockStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void LockStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
   buffer.encode_uint32(2, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->state));
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
@@ -1878,7 +1878,7 @@ bool LockCommandRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BUTTON
-void ListEntitiesButtonResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void ListEntitiesButtonResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
   buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
@@ -1930,7 +1930,7 @@ bool ButtonCommandRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
-void MediaPlayerSupportedFormat::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void MediaPlayerSupportedFormat::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->format);
   buffer.encode_uint32(2, this->sample_rate);
   buffer.encode_uint32(3, this->num_channels);
@@ -1944,7 +1944,7 @@ void MediaPlayerSupportedFormat::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->purpose));
   size.add_uint32(1, this->sample_bytes);
 }
-void ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
   buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
@@ -1978,7 +1978,7 @@ void ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
 #endif
   size.add_uint32(1, this->feature_flags);
 }
-void MediaPlayerStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void MediaPlayerStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
   buffer.encode_uint32(2, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->state));
   buffer.encode_float(3, this->volume);
@@ -2062,7 +2062,7 @@ bool SubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id,
   }
   return true;
 }
-void BluetoothLERawAdvertisement::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void BluetoothLERawAdvertisement::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->address);
   buffer.encode_sint32(2, this->rssi);
   buffer.encode_uint32(3, this->address_type);
@@ -2074,7 +2074,7 @@ void BluetoothLERawAdvertisement::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_uint32(1, this->address_type);
   size.add_length(1, this->data_len);
 }
-void BluetoothLERawAdvertisementsResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void BluetoothLERawAdvertisementsResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   for (uint16_t i = 0; i < this->advertisements_len; i++) {
     buffer.encode_message(1, this->advertisements[i]);
   }
@@ -2103,7 +2103,7 @@ bool BluetoothDeviceRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value)
   }
   return true;
 }
-void BluetoothDeviceConnectionResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void BluetoothDeviceConnectionResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->address);
   buffer.encode_bool(2, this->connected);
   buffer.encode_uint32(3, this->mtu);
@@ -2125,7 +2125,7 @@ bool BluetoothGATTGetServicesRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarI
   }
   return true;
 }
-void BluetoothGATTDescriptor::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void BluetoothGATTDescriptor::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   if (this->uuid[0] != 0 || this->uuid[1] != 0) {
     buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->uuid[0], true);
     buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->uuid[1], true);
@@ -2141,7 +2141,7 @@ void BluetoothGATTDescriptor::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_uint32(1, this->handle);
   size.add_uint32(1, this->short_uuid);
 }
-void BluetoothGATTCharacteristic::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void BluetoothGATTCharacteristic::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   if (this->uuid[0] != 0 || this->uuid[1] != 0) {
     buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->uuid[0], true);
     buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->uuid[1], true);
@@ -2163,7 +2163,7 @@ void BluetoothGATTCharacteristic::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_repeated_message(1, this->descriptors);
   size.add_uint32(1, this->short_uuid);
 }
-void BluetoothGATTService::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void BluetoothGATTService::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   if (this->uuid[0] != 0 || this->uuid[1] != 0) {
     buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->uuid[0], true);
     buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->uuid[1], true);
@@ -2183,7 +2183,7 @@ void BluetoothGATTService::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_repeated_message(1, this->characteristics);
   size.add_uint32(1, this->short_uuid);
 }
-void BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->address);
   for (auto &it : this->services) {
     buffer.encode_message(2, it);
@@ -2193,7 +2193,7 @@ void BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_uint64(1, this->address);
   size.add_repeated_message(1, this->services);
 }
-void BluetoothGATTGetServicesDoneResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void BluetoothGATTGetServicesDoneResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->address);
 }
 void BluetoothGATTGetServicesDoneResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const { size.add_uint64(1, this->address); }
@@ -2210,7 +2210,7 @@ bool BluetoothGATTReadRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt valu
   }
   return true;
 }
-void BluetoothGATTReadResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void BluetoothGATTReadResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->address);
   buffer.encode_uint32(2, this->handle);
   buffer.encode_bytes(3, this->data_ptr_, this->data_len_);
@@ -2302,7 +2302,7 @@ bool BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt va
   }
   return true;
 }
-void BluetoothGATTNotifyDataResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void BluetoothGATTNotifyDataResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->address);
   buffer.encode_uint32(2, this->handle);
   buffer.encode_bytes(3, this->data_ptr_, this->data_len_);
@@ -2312,7 +2312,7 @@ void BluetoothGATTNotifyDataResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_uint32(1, this->handle);
   size.add_length(1, this->data_len_);
 }
-void BluetoothConnectionsFreeResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void BluetoothConnectionsFreeResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(1, this->free);
   buffer.encode_uint32(2, this->limit);
   for (const auto &it : this->allocated) {
@@ -2330,7 +2330,7 @@ void BluetoothConnectionsFreeResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
     }
   }
 }
-void BluetoothGATTErrorResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void BluetoothGATTErrorResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->address);
   buffer.encode_uint32(2, this->handle);
   buffer.encode_int32(3, this->error);
@@ -2340,7 +2340,7 @@ void BluetoothGATTErrorResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_uint32(1, this->handle);
   size.add_int32(1, this->error);
 }
-void BluetoothGATTWriteResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void BluetoothGATTWriteResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->address);
   buffer.encode_uint32(2, this->handle);
 }
@@ -2348,7 +2348,7 @@ void BluetoothGATTWriteResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_uint64(1, this->address);
   size.add_uint32(1, this->handle);
 }
-void BluetoothGATTNotifyResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void BluetoothGATTNotifyResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->address);
   buffer.encode_uint32(2, this->handle);
 }
@@ -2356,7 +2356,7 @@ void BluetoothGATTNotifyResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_uint64(1, this->address);
   size.add_uint32(1, this->handle);
 }
-void BluetoothDevicePairingResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void BluetoothDevicePairingResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->address);
   buffer.encode_bool(2, this->paired);
   buffer.encode_int32(3, this->error);
@@ -2366,7 +2366,7 @@ void BluetoothDevicePairingResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_bool(1, this->paired);
   size.add_int32(1, this->error);
 }
-void BluetoothDeviceUnpairingResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void BluetoothDeviceUnpairingResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->address);
   buffer.encode_bool(2, this->success);
   buffer.encode_int32(3, this->error);
@@ -2376,7 +2376,7 @@ void BluetoothDeviceUnpairingResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_bool(1, this->success);
   size.add_int32(1, this->error);
 }
-void BluetoothDeviceClearCacheResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void BluetoothDeviceClearCacheResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->address);
   buffer.encode_bool(2, this->success);
   buffer.encode_int32(3, this->error);
@@ -2386,7 +2386,7 @@ void BluetoothDeviceClearCacheResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_bool(1, this->success);
   size.add_int32(1, this->error);
 }
-void BluetoothScannerStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void BluetoothScannerStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->state));
   buffer.encode_uint32(2, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->mode));
   buffer.encode_uint32(3, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->configured_mode));
@@ -2421,7 +2421,7 @@ bool SubscribeVoiceAssistantRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarIn
   }
   return true;
 }
-void VoiceAssistantAudioSettings::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void VoiceAssistantAudioSettings::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(1, this->noise_suppression_level);
   buffer.encode_uint32(2, this->auto_gain);
   buffer.encode_float(3, this->volume_multiplier);
@@ -2431,11 +2431,11 @@ void VoiceAssistantAudioSettings::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_uint32(1, this->auto_gain);
   size.add_float(1, this->volume_multiplier);
 }
-void VoiceAssistantRequest::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void VoiceAssistantRequest::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_bool(1, this->start);
   buffer.encode_string(2, this->conversation_id);
   buffer.encode_uint32(3, this->flags);
-  buffer.encode_message(4, this->audio_settings);
+  buffer.encode_message(4, this->audio_settings, false);
   buffer.encode_string(5, this->wake_word_phrase);
 }
 void VoiceAssistantRequest::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
@@ -2516,7 +2516,7 @@ bool VoiceAssistantAudio::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited
   }
   return true;
 }
-void VoiceAssistantAudio::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void VoiceAssistantAudio::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_bytes(1, this->data, this->data_len);
   buffer.encode_bool(2, this->end);
 }
@@ -2587,9 +2587,9 @@ bool VoiceAssistantAnnounceRequest::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLength
   }
   return true;
 }
-void VoiceAssistantAnnounceFinished::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const { buffer.encode_bool(1, this->success); }
+void VoiceAssistantAnnounceFinished::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const { buffer.encode_bool(1, this->success); }
 void VoiceAssistantAnnounceFinished::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const { size.add_bool(1, this->success); }
-void VoiceAssistantWakeWord::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void VoiceAssistantWakeWord::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->id);
   buffer.encode_string(2, this->wake_word);
   for (auto &it : this->trained_languages) {
@@ -2656,7 +2656,7 @@ bool VoiceAssistantConfigurationRequest::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoL
   }
   return true;
 }
-void VoiceAssistantConfigurationResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void VoiceAssistantConfigurationResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   for (auto &it : this->available_wake_words) {
     buffer.encode_message(1, it);
   }
@@ -2686,7 +2686,7 @@ bool VoiceAssistantSetConfiguration::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengt
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL
-void ListEntitiesAlarmControlPanelResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void ListEntitiesAlarmControlPanelResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
   buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
@@ -2718,7 +2718,7 @@ void ListEntitiesAlarmControlPanelResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) cons
   size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void AlarmControlPanelStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void AlarmControlPanelStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
   buffer.encode_uint32(2, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->state));
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
@@ -2770,7 +2770,7 @@ bool AlarmControlPanelCommandRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_TEXT
-void ListEntitiesTextResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void ListEntitiesTextResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
   buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
@@ -2804,7 +2804,7 @@ void ListEntitiesTextResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void TextStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void TextStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(2, this->state);
   buffer.encode_bool(3, this->missing_state);
@@ -2855,7 +2855,7 @@ bool TextCommandRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATE
-void ListEntitiesDateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void ListEntitiesDateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
   buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
@@ -2881,7 +2881,7 @@ void ListEntitiesDateResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void DateStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void DateStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
   buffer.encode_bool(2, this->missing_state);
   buffer.encode_uint32(3, this->year);
@@ -2934,7 +2934,7 @@ bool DateCommandRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_TIME
-void ListEntitiesTimeResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void ListEntitiesTimeResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
   buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
@@ -2960,7 +2960,7 @@ void ListEntitiesTimeResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void TimeStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void TimeStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
   buffer.encode_bool(2, this->missing_state);
   buffer.encode_uint32(3, this->hour);
@@ -3013,7 +3013,7 @@ bool TimeCommandRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_EVENT
-void ListEntitiesEventResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void ListEntitiesEventResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
   buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
@@ -3049,7 +3049,7 @@ void ListEntitiesEventResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void EventResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void EventResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(2, this->event_type);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
@@ -3065,7 +3065,7 @@ void EventResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_VALVE
-void ListEntitiesValveResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void ListEntitiesValveResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
   buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
@@ -3099,7 +3099,7 @@ void ListEntitiesValveResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void ValveStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void ValveStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
   buffer.encode_float(2, this->position);
   buffer.encode_uint32(3, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->current_operation));
@@ -3148,7 +3148,7 @@ bool ValveCommandRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATETIME
-void ListEntitiesDateTimeResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void ListEntitiesDateTimeResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
   buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
@@ -3174,7 +3174,7 @@ void ListEntitiesDateTimeResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void DateTimeStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void DateTimeStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
   buffer.encode_bool(2, this->missing_state);
   buffer.encode_fixed32(3, this->epoch_seconds);
@@ -3217,7 +3217,7 @@ bool DateTimeCommandRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_UPDATE
-void ListEntitiesUpdateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void ListEntitiesUpdateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
   buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
@@ -3245,7 +3245,7 @@ void ListEntitiesUpdateResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void UpdateStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void UpdateStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
   buffer.encode_bool(2, this->missing_state);
   buffer.encode_bool(3, this->in_progress);
@@ -3314,7 +3314,7 @@ bool ZWaveProxyFrame::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited valu
   }
   return true;
 }
-void ZWaveProxyFrame::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const { buffer.encode_bytes(1, this->data, this->data_len); }
+void ZWaveProxyFrame::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const { buffer.encode_bytes(1, this->data, this->data_len); }
 void ZWaveProxyFrame::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const { size.add_length(1, this->data_len); }
 bool ZWaveProxyRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   switch (field_id) {
@@ -3338,7 +3338,7 @@ bool ZWaveProxyRequest::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited va
   }
   return true;
 }
-void ZWaveProxyRequest::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void ZWaveProxyRequest::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->type));
   buffer.encode_bytes(2, this->data, this->data_len);
 }
@@ -3348,7 +3348,7 @@ void ZWaveProxyRequest::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_INFRARED
-void ListEntitiesInfraredResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void ListEntitiesInfraredResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
   buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
@@ -3419,7 +3419,7 @@ bool InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto3
   }
   return true;
 }
-void InfraredRFReceiveEvent::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+void InfraredRFReceiveEvent::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   buffer.encode_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h
index d001f869c5..c90873d993 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ class HelloResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
   uint32_t api_version_minor{0};
   StringRef server_info{};
   StringRef name{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ class AreaInfo final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
   uint32_t area_id{0};
   StringRef name{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ class DeviceInfo final : public ProtoMessage {
   uint32_t device_id{0};
   StringRef name{};
   uint32_t area_id{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ class DeviceInfoResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
   uint32_t zwave_home_id{0};
 #endif
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -558,7 +558,7 @@ class ListEntitiesBinarySensorResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 #endif
   StringRef device_class{};
   bool is_status_binary_sensor{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ class BinarySensorStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 #endif
   bool state{false};
   bool missing_state{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -597,7 +597,7 @@ class ListEntitiesCoverResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   bool supports_tilt{false};
   StringRef device_class{};
   bool supports_stop{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ class CoverStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
   float position{0.0f};
   float tilt{0.0f};
   enums::CoverOperation current_operation{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ class ListEntitiesFanResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   bool supports_direction{false};
   int32_t supported_speed_count{0};
   const std::vector<const char *> *supported_preset_modes{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -677,7 +677,7 @@ class FanStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
   enums::FanDirection direction{};
   int32_t speed_level{0};
   StringRef preset_mode{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -724,7 +724,7 @@ class ListEntitiesLightResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   float min_mireds{0.0f};
   float max_mireds{0.0f};
   const FixedVector<const char *> *effects{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -751,7 +751,7 @@ class LightStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
   float cold_white{0.0f};
   float warm_white{0.0f};
   StringRef effect{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -815,7 +815,7 @@ class ListEntitiesSensorResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   bool force_update{false};
   StringRef device_class{};
   enums::SensorStateClass state_class{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -832,7 +832,7 @@ class SensorStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 #endif
   float state{0.0f};
   bool missing_state{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -851,7 +851,7 @@ class ListEntitiesSwitchResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 #endif
   bool assumed_state{false};
   StringRef device_class{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -867,7 +867,7 @@ class SwitchStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
   const char *message_name() const override { return "switch_state_response"; }
 #endif
   bool state{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -901,7 +901,7 @@ class ListEntitiesTextSensorResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   const char *message_name() const override { return "list_entities_text_sensor_response"; }
 #endif
   StringRef device_class{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -918,7 +918,7 @@ class TextSensorStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 #endif
   StringRef state{};
   bool missing_state{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -957,7 +957,7 @@ class SubscribeLogsResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
     this->message_ptr_ = data;
     this->message_len_ = len;
   }
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -990,7 +990,7 @@ class NoiseEncryptionSetKeyResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
   const char *message_name() const override { return "noise_encryption_set_key_response"; }
 #endif
   bool success{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -1004,7 +1004,7 @@ class HomeassistantServiceMap final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
   StringRef key{};
   StringRef value{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -1033,7 +1033,7 @@ class HomeassistantActionRequest final : public ProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
   StringRef response_template{};
 #endif
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -1077,7 +1077,7 @@ class SubscribeHomeAssistantStateResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
   StringRef entity_id{};
   StringRef attribute{};
   bool once{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -1138,7 +1138,7 @@ class ListEntitiesServicesArgument final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
   StringRef name{};
   enums::ServiceArgType type{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -1157,7 +1157,7 @@ class ListEntitiesServicesResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
   uint32_t key{0};
   FixedVector<ListEntitiesServicesArgument> args{};
   enums::SupportsResponseType supports_response{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -1227,7 +1227,7 @@ class ExecuteServiceResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
   const uint8_t *response_data{nullptr};
   uint16_t response_data_len{0};
 #endif
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -1244,7 +1244,7 @@ class ListEntitiesCameraResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *message_name() const override { return "list_entities_camera_response"; }
 #endif
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -1266,7 +1266,7 @@ class CameraImageResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
     this->data_len_ = len;
   }
   bool done{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -1317,7 +1317,7 @@ class ListEntitiesClimateResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   float visual_min_humidity{0.0f};
   float visual_max_humidity{0.0f};
   uint32_t feature_flags{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -1345,7 +1345,7 @@ class ClimateStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
   StringRef custom_preset{};
   float current_humidity{0.0f};
   float target_humidity{0.0f};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -1403,7 +1403,7 @@ class ListEntitiesWaterHeaterResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   float target_temperature_step{0.0f};
   const water_heater::WaterHeaterModeMask *supported_modes{};
   uint32_t supported_features{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -1424,7 +1424,7 @@ class WaterHeaterStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
   uint32_t state{0};
   float target_temperature_low{0.0f};
   float target_temperature_high{0.0f};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -1468,7 +1468,7 @@ class ListEntitiesNumberResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   StringRef unit_of_measurement{};
   enums::NumberMode mode{};
   StringRef device_class{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -1485,7 +1485,7 @@ class NumberStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 #endif
   float state{0.0f};
   bool missing_state{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -1519,7 +1519,7 @@ class ListEntitiesSelectResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   const char *message_name() const override { return "list_entities_select_response"; }
 #endif
   const FixedVector<const char *> *options{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -1536,7 +1536,7 @@ class SelectStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 #endif
   StringRef state{};
   bool missing_state{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -1573,7 +1573,7 @@ class ListEntitiesSirenResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   const FixedVector<const char *> *tones{};
   bool supports_duration{false};
   bool supports_volume{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -1589,7 +1589,7 @@ class SirenStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
   const char *message_name() const override { return "siren_state_response"; }
 #endif
   bool state{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -1634,7 +1634,7 @@ class ListEntitiesLockResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   bool supports_open{false};
   bool requires_code{false};
   StringRef code_format{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -1650,7 +1650,7 @@ class LockStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
   const char *message_name() const override { return "lock_state_response"; }
 #endif
   enums::LockState state{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -1687,7 +1687,7 @@ class ListEntitiesButtonResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   const char *message_name() const override { return "list_entities_button_response"; }
 #endif
   StringRef device_class{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -1719,7 +1719,7 @@ class MediaPlayerSupportedFormat final : public ProtoMessage {
   uint32_t num_channels{0};
   enums::MediaPlayerFormatPurpose purpose{};
   uint32_t sample_bytes{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -1737,7 +1737,7 @@ class ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   bool supports_pause{false};
   std::vector<MediaPlayerSupportedFormat> supported_formats{};
   uint32_t feature_flags{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -1755,7 +1755,7 @@ class MediaPlayerStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
   enums::MediaPlayerState state{};
   float volume{0.0f};
   bool muted{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -1811,7 +1811,7 @@ class BluetoothLERawAdvertisement final : public ProtoMessage {
   uint32_t address_type{0};
   uint8_t data[62]{};
   uint8_t data_len{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -1828,7 +1828,7 @@ class BluetoothLERawAdvertisementsResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 #endif
   std::array<BluetoothLERawAdvertisement, BLUETOOTH_PROXY_ADVERTISEMENT_BATCH_SIZE> advertisements{};
   uint16_t advertisements_len{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -1865,7 +1865,7 @@ class BluetoothDeviceConnectionResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
   bool connected{false};
   uint32_t mtu{0};
   int32_t error{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -1893,7 +1893,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTDescriptor final : public ProtoMessage {
   std::array<uint64_t, 2> uuid{};
   uint32_t handle{0};
   uint32_t short_uuid{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -1908,7 +1908,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTCharacteristic final : public ProtoMessage {
   uint32_t properties{0};
   FixedVector<BluetoothGATTDescriptor> descriptors{};
   uint32_t short_uuid{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -1922,7 +1922,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTService final : public ProtoMessage {
   uint32_t handle{0};
   FixedVector<BluetoothGATTCharacteristic> characteristics{};
   uint32_t short_uuid{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -1939,7 +1939,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 #endif
   uint64_t address{0};
   std::vector<BluetoothGATTService> services{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -1955,7 +1955,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTGetServicesDoneResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
   const char *message_name() const override { return "bluetooth_gatt_get_services_done_response"; }
 #endif
   uint64_t address{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -1994,7 +1994,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTReadResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
     this->data_ptr_ = data;
     this->data_len_ = len;
   }
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -2089,7 +2089,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTNotifyDataResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
     this->data_ptr_ = data;
     this->data_len_ = len;
   }
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -2107,7 +2107,7 @@ class BluetoothConnectionsFreeResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
   uint32_t free{0};
   uint32_t limit{0};
   std::array<uint64_t, BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS> allocated{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -2125,7 +2125,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTErrorResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
   uint64_t address{0};
   uint32_t handle{0};
   int32_t error{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -2142,7 +2142,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTWriteResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 #endif
   uint64_t address{0};
   uint32_t handle{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -2159,7 +2159,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTNotifyResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 #endif
   uint64_t address{0};
   uint32_t handle{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -2177,7 +2177,7 @@ class BluetoothDevicePairingResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
   uint64_t address{0};
   bool paired{false};
   int32_t error{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -2195,7 +2195,7 @@ class BluetoothDeviceUnpairingResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
   uint64_t address{0};
   bool success{false};
   int32_t error{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -2213,7 +2213,7 @@ class BluetoothDeviceClearCacheResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
   uint64_t address{0};
   bool success{false};
   int32_t error{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -2231,7 +2231,7 @@ class BluetoothScannerStateResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
   enums::BluetoothScannerState state{};
   enums::BluetoothScannerMode mode{};
   enums::BluetoothScannerMode configured_mode{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -2277,7 +2277,7 @@ class VoiceAssistantAudioSettings final : public ProtoMessage {
   uint32_t noise_suppression_level{0};
   uint32_t auto_gain{0};
   float volume_multiplier{0.0f};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -2297,7 +2297,7 @@ class VoiceAssistantRequest final : public ProtoMessage {
   uint32_t flags{0};
   VoiceAssistantAudioSettings audio_settings{};
   StringRef wake_word_phrase{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -2359,7 +2359,7 @@ class VoiceAssistantAudio final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
   const uint8_t *data{nullptr};
   uint16_t data_len{0};
   bool end{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -2417,7 +2417,7 @@ class VoiceAssistantAnnounceFinished final : public ProtoMessage {
   const char *message_name() const override { return "voice_assistant_announce_finished"; }
 #endif
   bool success{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -2430,7 +2430,7 @@ class VoiceAssistantWakeWord final : public ProtoMessage {
   StringRef id{};
   StringRef wake_word{};
   std::vector<std::string> trained_languages{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -2480,7 +2480,7 @@ class VoiceAssistantConfigurationResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
   std::vector<VoiceAssistantWakeWord> available_wake_words{};
   const std::vector<std::string> *active_wake_words{};
   uint32_t max_active_wake_words{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -2515,7 +2515,7 @@ class ListEntitiesAlarmControlPanelResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMess
   uint32_t supported_features{0};
   bool requires_code{false};
   bool requires_code_to_arm{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -2531,7 +2531,7 @@ class AlarmControlPanelStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
   const char *message_name() const override { return "alarm_control_panel_state_response"; }
 #endif
   enums::AlarmControlPanelState state{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -2570,7 +2570,7 @@ class ListEntitiesTextResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   uint32_t max_length{0};
   StringRef pattern{};
   enums::TextMode mode{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -2587,7 +2587,7 @@ class TextStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 #endif
   StringRef state{};
   bool missing_state{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -2621,7 +2621,7 @@ class ListEntitiesDateResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *message_name() const override { return "list_entities_date_response"; }
 #endif
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -2640,7 +2640,7 @@ class DateStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
   uint32_t year{0};
   uint32_t month{0};
   uint32_t day{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -2675,7 +2675,7 @@ class ListEntitiesTimeResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *message_name() const override { return "list_entities_time_response"; }
 #endif
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -2694,7 +2694,7 @@ class TimeStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
   uint32_t hour{0};
   uint32_t minute{0};
   uint32_t second{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -2731,7 +2731,7 @@ class ListEntitiesEventResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 #endif
   StringRef device_class{};
   const FixedVector<const char *> *event_types{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -2747,7 +2747,7 @@ class EventResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
   const char *message_name() const override { return "event_response"; }
 #endif
   StringRef event_type{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -2768,7 +2768,7 @@ class ListEntitiesValveResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   bool assumed_state{false};
   bool supports_position{false};
   bool supports_stop{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -2785,7 +2785,7 @@ class ValveStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 #endif
   float position{0.0f};
   enums::ValveOperation current_operation{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -2820,7 +2820,7 @@ class ListEntitiesDateTimeResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *message_name() const override { return "list_entities_date_time_response"; }
 #endif
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -2837,7 +2837,7 @@ class DateTimeStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 #endif
   bool missing_state{false};
   uint32_t epoch_seconds{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -2871,7 +2871,7 @@ class ListEntitiesUpdateResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   const char *message_name() const override { return "list_entities_update_response"; }
 #endif
   StringRef device_class{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -2895,7 +2895,7 @@ class UpdateStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
   StringRef title{};
   StringRef release_summary{};
   StringRef release_url{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -2930,7 +2930,7 @@ class ZWaveProxyFrame final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 #endif
   const uint8_t *data{nullptr};
   uint16_t data_len{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -2949,7 +2949,7 @@ class ZWaveProxyRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
   enums::ZWaveProxyRequestType type{};
   const uint8_t *data{nullptr};
   uint16_t data_len{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -2969,7 +2969,7 @@ class ListEntitiesInfraredResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   const char *message_name() const override { return "list_entities_infrared_response"; }
 #endif
   uint32_t capabilities{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
@@ -3016,7 +3016,7 @@ class InfraredRFReceiveEvent final : public ProtoMessage {
 #endif
   uint32_t key{0};
   const std::vector<int32_t> *timings{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/proto.cpp b/esphome/components/api/proto.cpp
index 764dd3f391..73a3bab12a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/proto.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/proto.cpp
@@ -70,6 +70,21 @@ uint32_t ProtoDecodableMessage::count_repeated_field(const uint8_t *buffer, size
   return count;
 }
 
+#ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_API
+void ProtoWriteBuffer::debug_check_bounds_(size_t bytes, const char *caller) {
+  if (this->pos_ + bytes > this->buffer_->data() + this->buffer_->size()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "ProtoWriteBuffer bounds check failed in %s: bytes=%zu offset=%td buf_size=%zu", caller, bytes,
+             this->pos_ - this->buffer_->data(), this->buffer_->size());
+    abort();
+  }
+}
+void ProtoWriteBuffer::debug_check_encode_size_(uint32_t field_id, uint32_t expected, ptrdiff_t actual) {
+  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "encode_message: size mismatch for field %" PRIu32 ": calculated=%" PRIu32 " actual=%td", field_id,
+           expected, actual);
+  abort();
+}
+#endif
+
 void ProtoDecodableMessage::decode(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t length) {
   const uint8_t *ptr = buffer;
   const uint8_t *end = buffer + length;
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/proto.h b/esphome/components/api/proto.h
index 8ac79633cf..4522fc9665 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/proto.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/proto.h
@@ -217,21 +217,26 @@ class Proto32Bit {
 
 class ProtoWriteBuffer {
  public:
-  ProtoWriteBuffer(std::vector<uint8_t> *buffer) : buffer_(buffer) {}
-  void write(uint8_t value) { this->buffer_->push_back(value); }
+  ProtoWriteBuffer(std::vector<uint8_t> *buffer) : buffer_(buffer), pos_(buffer->data() + buffer->size()) {}
+  ProtoWriteBuffer(std::vector<uint8_t> *buffer, size_t write_pos)
+      : buffer_(buffer), pos_(buffer->data() + write_pos) {}
   void encode_varint_raw(uint32_t value) {
     while (value > 0x7F) {
-      this->buffer_->push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(value | 0x80));
+      this->debug_check_bounds_(1);
+      *this->pos_++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(value | 0x80);
       value >>= 7;
     }
-    this->buffer_->push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(value));
+    this->debug_check_bounds_(1);
+    *this->pos_++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(value);
   }
   void encode_varint_raw_64(uint64_t value) {
     while (value > 0x7F) {
-      this->buffer_->push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(value | 0x80));
+      this->debug_check_bounds_(1);
+      *this->pos_++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(value | 0x80);
       value >>= 7;
     }
-    this->buffer_->push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(value));
+    this->debug_check_bounds_(1);
+    *this->pos_++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(value);
   }
   /**
    * Encode a field key (tag/wire type combination).
@@ -245,23 +250,18 @@ class ProtoWriteBuffer {
    *
    * Following https://protobuf.dev/programming-guides/encoding/#structure
    */
-  void encode_field_raw(uint32_t field_id, uint32_t type) {
-    uint32_t val = (field_id << 3) | (type & WIRE_TYPE_MASK);
-    this->encode_varint_raw(val);
-  }
+  void encode_field_raw(uint32_t field_id, uint32_t type) { this->encode_varint_raw((field_id << 3) | type); }
   void encode_string(uint32_t field_id, const char *string, size_t len, bool force = false) {
     if (len == 0 && !force)
       return;
 
     this->encode_field_raw(field_id, 2);  // type 2: Length-delimited string
     this->encode_varint_raw(len);
-
-    // Using resize + memcpy instead of insert provides significant performance improvement:
-    // ~10-11x faster for 16-32 byte strings, ~3x faster for 64-byte strings
-    // as it avoids iterator checks and potential element moves that insert performs
-    size_t old_size = this->buffer_->size();
-    this->buffer_->resize(old_size + len);
-    std::memcpy(this->buffer_->data() + old_size, string, len);
+    // Direct memcpy into pre-sized buffer — avoids push_back() per-byte capacity checks
+    // and vector::insert() iterator overhead. ~10-11x faster for 16-32 byte strings.
+    this->debug_check_bounds_(len);
+    std::memcpy(this->pos_, string, len);
+    this->pos_ += len;
   }
   void encode_string(uint32_t field_id, const std::string &value, bool force = false) {
     this->encode_string(field_id, value.data(), value.size(), force);
@@ -288,17 +288,26 @@ class ProtoWriteBuffer {
     if (!value && !force)
       return;
     this->encode_field_raw(field_id, 0);  // type 0: Varint - bool
-    this->buffer_->push_back(value ? 0x01 : 0x00);
+    this->debug_check_bounds_(1);
+    *this->pos_++ = value ? 0x01 : 0x00;
   }
-  void encode_fixed32(uint32_t field_id, uint32_t value, bool force = false) {
+  // noinline: 51 call sites; inlining causes net code growth vs a single out-of-line copy
+  __attribute__((noinline)) void encode_fixed32(uint32_t field_id, uint32_t value, bool force = false) {
     if (value == 0 && !force)
       return;
 
     this->encode_field_raw(field_id, 5);  // type 5: 32-bit fixed32
-    this->write((value >> 0) & 0xFF);
-    this->write((value >> 8) & 0xFF);
-    this->write((value >> 16) & 0xFF);
-    this->write((value >> 24) & 0xFF);
+    this->debug_check_bounds_(4);
+#if __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
+    // Protobuf fixed32 is little-endian, so direct copy works
+    std::memcpy(this->pos_, &value, 4);
+    this->pos_ += 4;
+#else
+    *this->pos_++ = (value >> 0) & 0xFF;
+    *this->pos_++ = (value >> 8) & 0xFF;
+    *this->pos_++ = (value >> 16) & 0xFF;
+    *this->pos_++ = (value >> 24) & 0xFF;
+#endif
   }
   // NOTE: Wire type 1 (64-bit fixed: double, fixed64, sfixed64) is intentionally
   // not supported to reduce overhead on embedded systems. All ESPHome devices are
@@ -334,11 +343,20 @@ class ProtoWriteBuffer {
   }
   /// Encode a packed repeated sint32 field (zero-copy from vector)
   void encode_packed_sint32(uint32_t field_id, const std::vector<int32_t> &values);
-  void encode_message(uint32_t field_id, const ProtoMessage &value);
+  /// Encode a nested message field (force=true for repeated, false for singular)
+  void encode_message(uint32_t field_id, const ProtoMessage &value, bool force = true);
   std::vector<uint8_t> *get_buffer() const { return buffer_; }
 
  protected:
+#ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_API
+  void debug_check_bounds_(size_t bytes, const char *caller = __builtin_FUNCTION());
+  void debug_check_encode_size_(uint32_t field_id, uint32_t expected, ptrdiff_t actual);
+#else
+  void debug_check_bounds_([[maybe_unused]] size_t bytes) {}
+#endif
+
   std::vector<uint8_t> *buffer_;
+  uint8_t *pos_;
 };
 
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
@@ -416,9 +434,11 @@ class ProtoMessage {
  public:
   virtual ~ProtoMessage() = default;
   // Default implementation for messages with no fields
-  virtual void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {}
+  virtual void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {}
   // Default implementation for messages with no fields
   virtual void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {}
+  // Convenience: calculate and return size directly (defined after ProtoSize)
+  uint32_t calculated_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   virtual const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const = 0;
   virtual const char *message_name() const { return "unknown"; }
@@ -877,6 +897,14 @@ class ProtoSize {
   }
 };
 
+// Implementation of methods that depend on ProtoSize being fully defined
+
+inline uint32_t ProtoMessage::calculated_size() const {
+  ProtoSize size;
+  this->calculate_size(size);
+  return size.get_size();
+}
+
 // Implementation of encode_packed_sint32 - must be after ProtoSize is defined
 inline void ProtoWriteBuffer::encode_packed_sint32(uint32_t field_id, const std::vector<int32_t> &values) {
   if (values.empty())
@@ -897,30 +925,30 @@ inline void ProtoWriteBuffer::encode_packed_sint32(uint32_t field_id, const std:
 }
 
 // Implementation of encode_message - must be after ProtoMessage is defined
-inline void ProtoWriteBuffer::encode_message(uint32_t field_id, const ProtoMessage &value) {
-  this->encode_field_raw(field_id, 2);  // type 2: Length-delimited message
-
+inline void ProtoWriteBuffer::encode_message(uint32_t field_id, const ProtoMessage &value, bool force) {
   // Calculate the message size first
   ProtoSize msg_size;
   value.calculate_size(msg_size);
   uint32_t msg_length_bytes = msg_size.get_size();
 
-  // Calculate how many bytes the length varint needs
-  uint32_t varint_length_bytes = ProtoSize::varint(msg_length_bytes);
+  // Skip empty singular messages (matches add_message_field which skips when nested_size == 0)
+  // Repeated messages (force=true) are always encoded since an empty item is meaningful
+  if (msg_length_bytes == 0 && !force)
+    return;
 
-  // Reserve exact space for the length varint
-  size_t begin = this->buffer_->size();
-  this->buffer_->resize(this->buffer_->size() + varint_length_bytes);
+  this->encode_field_raw(field_id, 2);  // type 2: Length-delimited message
 
-  // Write the length varint directly
-  encode_varint_to_buffer(msg_length_bytes, this->buffer_->data() + begin);
-
-  // Now encode the message content - it will append to the buffer
-  value.encode(*this);
+  // Write the length varint directly through pos_
+  this->encode_varint_raw(msg_length_bytes);
 
+  // Encode nested message - pos_ advances directly through the reference
 #ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_API
-  // Verify that the encoded size matches what we calculated
-  assert(this->buffer_->size() == begin + varint_length_bytes + msg_length_bytes);
+  uint8_t *start = this->pos_;
+  value.encode(*this);
+  if (static_cast<uint32_t>(this->pos_ - start) != msg_length_bytes)
+    this->debug_check_encode_size_(field_id, msg_length_bytes, this->pos_ - start);
+#else
+  value.encode(*this);
 #endif
 }
 
diff --git a/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py b/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
index 4fbee49dae..cc881caa5c 100755
--- a/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
+++ b/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
@@ -689,6 +689,14 @@ class MessageType(TypeInfo):
     def encode_func(self) -> str:
         return "encode_message"
 
+    @property
+    def encode_content(self) -> str:
+        # Singular message fields pass force=false (skip empty messages)
+        # The default for encode_nested_message is force=true (for repeated fields)
+        return (
+            f"buffer.{self.encode_func}({self.number}, this->{self.field_name}, false);"
+        )
+
     @property
     def decode_length(self) -> str:
         # Override to return None for message types because we can't use template-based
@@ -2186,7 +2194,7 @@ def build_message_type(
 
     # Only generate encode method if this message needs encoding and has fields
     if needs_encode and encode:
-        o = f"void {desc.name}::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {{"
+        o = f"void {desc.name}::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {{"
         if len(encode) == 1 and len(encode[0]) + len(o) + 3 < 120:
             o += f" {encode[0]} }}\n"
         else:
@@ -2194,7 +2202,7 @@ def build_message_type(
             o += indent("\n".join(encode)) + "\n"
             o += "}\n"
         cpp += o
-        prot = "void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;"
+        prot = "void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;"
         public_content.append(prot)
     # If no fields to encode or message doesn't need encoding, the default implementation in ProtoMessage will be used
 

From 2eac106f119627e2ac58d39f4ebd92990895366a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Rodrigo=20Mart=C3=ADn?= <contact@rodrigomartin.dev>
Date: Sat, 21 Feb 2026 05:20:27 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 126/609] [mqtt] add missing precision in HA autodiscovery
 (#14010)

---
 esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_const.h    | 1 +
 esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_sensor.cpp | 4 ++++
 esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h      | 2 ++
 3 files changed, 7 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_const.h b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_const.h
index 221af00371..36a7dfb41a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_const.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_const.h
@@ -243,6 +243,7 @@
   X(MQTT_STATE_VALUE_TEMPLATE, "stat_val_tpl", "state_value_template") \
   X(MQTT_STEP, "step", "step") \
   X(MQTT_SUBTYPE, "stype", "subtype") \
+  X(MQTT_SUGGESTED_DISPLAY_PRECISION, "sug_dsp_prc", "suggested_display_precision") \
   X(MQTT_SUPPORTED_COLOR_MODES, "sup_clrm", "supported_color_modes") \
   X(MQTT_SUPPORTED_FEATURES, "sup_feat", "supported_features") \
   X(MQTT_SWING_MODE_COMMAND_TEMPLATE, "swing_mode_cmd_tpl", "swing_mode_command_template") \
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_sensor.cpp
index e83eab6732..a7d311d194 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_sensor.cpp
@@ -49,6 +49,10 @@ void MQTTSensorComponent::send_discovery(JsonObject root, mqtt::SendDiscoveryCon
     root[MQTT_DEVICE_CLASS] = device_class;
   }
 
+  if (this->sensor_->has_accuracy_decimals()) {
+    root[MQTT_SUGGESTED_DISPLAY_PRECISION] = this->sensor_->get_accuracy_decimals();
+  }
+
   const auto unit_of_measurement = this->sensor_->get_unit_of_measurement_ref();
   if (!unit_of_measurement.empty()) {
     root[MQTT_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT] = unit_of_measurement;
diff --git a/esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h b/esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h
index f9a45cb1d0..80981b8e28 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h
@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ class Sensor : public EntityBase, public EntityBase_DeviceClass, public EntityBa
   int8_t get_accuracy_decimals();
   /// Manually set the accuracy in decimals.
   void set_accuracy_decimals(int8_t accuracy_decimals);
+  /// Check if the accuracy in decimals has been manually set.
+  bool has_accuracy_decimals() const { return this->sensor_flags_.has_accuracy_override; }
 
   /// Get the state class, using the manual override if set.
   StateClass get_state_class();

From 518f08b9097bdb3a980483f1358e309987de7402 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clyde Stubbs <2366188+clydebarrow@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Feb 2026 22:51:13 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 127/609] [mipi_dsi] Disallow swap_xy (#14124)

---
 esphome/components/mipi_dsi/display.py        | 26 +++++--------------
 .../mipi_dsi/fixtures/mipi_dsi.yaml           |  7 ++++-
 .../mipi_dsi/test_mipi_dsi_config.py          |  6 +++--
 3 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/display.py b/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/display.py
index c288b33cd2..de3791b3a4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/display.py
@@ -87,38 +87,24 @@ COLOR_DEPTHS = {
 
 def model_schema(config):
     model = MODELS[config[CONF_MODEL].upper()]
+    model.defaults[CONF_SWAP_XY] = cv.UNDEFINED
     transform = cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.Required(CONF_MIRROR_X): cv.boolean,
             cv.Required(CONF_MIRROR_Y): cv.boolean,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_SWAP_XY): cv.invalid(
+                "Axis swapping not supported by DSI displays"
+            ),
         }
     )
-    if model.get_default(CONF_SWAP_XY) != cv.UNDEFINED:
-        transform = transform.extend(
-            {
-                cv.Optional(CONF_SWAP_XY): cv.invalid(
-                    "Axis swapping not supported by this model"
-                )
-            }
-        )
-    else:
-        transform = transform.extend(
-            {
-                cv.Required(CONF_SWAP_XY): cv.boolean,
-            }
-        )
     # CUSTOM model will need to provide a custom init sequence
     iseqconf = (
         cv.Required(CONF_INIT_SEQUENCE)
         if model.initsequence is None
         else cv.Optional(CONF_INIT_SEQUENCE)
     )
-    swap_xy = config.get(CONF_TRANSFORM, {}).get(CONF_SWAP_XY, False)
-
-    # Dimensions are optional if the model has a default width and the swap_xy transform is not overridden
-    cv_dimensions = (
-        cv.Optional if model.get_default(CONF_WIDTH) and not swap_xy else cv.Required
-    )
+    # Dimensions are optional if the model has a default width
+    cv_dimensions = cv.Optional if model.get_default(CONF_WIDTH) else cv.Required
     pixel_modes = (PIXEL_MODE_16BIT, PIXEL_MODE_24BIT, "16", "24")
     schema = display.FULL_DISPLAY_SCHEMA.extend(
         {
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/mipi_dsi/fixtures/mipi_dsi.yaml b/tests/component_tests/mipi_dsi/fixtures/mipi_dsi.yaml
index 7d1fc84121..6de2bd5a77 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/mipi_dsi/fixtures/mipi_dsi.yaml
+++ b/tests/component_tests/mipi_dsi/fixtures/mipi_dsi.yaml
@@ -15,8 +15,13 @@ esp_ldo:
 
 display:
   - platform: mipi_dsi
+    id: p4_nano
     model: WAVESHARE-P4-NANO-10.1
-
+    rotation: 90
+  - platform: mipi_dsi
+    id: p4_86
+    model: "WAVESHARE-P4-86-PANEL"
+    rotation: 180
 i2c:
   sda: GPIO7
   scl: GPIO8
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/mipi_dsi/test_mipi_dsi_config.py b/tests/component_tests/mipi_dsi/test_mipi_dsi_config.py
index f8a9af0279..d465a8c81b 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/mipi_dsi/test_mipi_dsi_config.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/mipi_dsi/test_mipi_dsi_config.py
@@ -119,9 +119,11 @@ def test_code_generation(
 
     main_cpp = generate_main(component_fixture_path("mipi_dsi.yaml"))
     assert (
-        "mipi_dsi_mipi_dsi_id = new mipi_dsi::MIPI_DSI(800, 1280, display::COLOR_BITNESS_565, 16);"
+        "p4_nano = new mipi_dsi::MIPI_DSI(800, 1280, display::COLOR_BITNESS_565, 16);"
         in main_cpp
     )
     assert "set_init_sequence({224, 1, 0, 225, 1, 147, 226, 1," in main_cpp
-    assert "mipi_dsi_mipi_dsi_id->set_lane_bit_rate(1500);" in main_cpp
+    assert "p4_nano->set_lane_bit_rate(1500);" in main_cpp
+    assert "p4_nano->set_rotation(display::DISPLAY_ROTATION_90_DEGREES);" in main_cpp
+    assert "p4_86->set_rotation(display::DISPLAY_ROTATION_0_DEGREES);" in main_cpp
     # assert "backlight_id = new light::LightState(mipi_dsi_dsibacklight_id);" in main_cpp

From 6ecb01dedc00595aa2565bcf302cde3d7ad1d4e9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sxt Fov <140247217+sxtfov@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 21 Feb 2026 14:45:15 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 128/609] [cc1101] actions to change general and tuner settings
 (#14141)

Co-authored-by: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/cc1101/__init__.py | 92 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 esphome/components/cc1101/cc1101.h    | 78 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 tests/components/cc1101/common.yaml   | 96 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 266 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/cc1101/__init__.py b/esphome/components/cc1101/__init__.py
index fbdd7010b4..14b92a18a4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cc1101/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cc1101/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_DATA,
     CONF_FREQUENCY,
     CONF_ID,
+    CONF_VALUE,
     CONF_WAIT_TIME,
 )
 from esphome.core import ID
@@ -333,3 +334,94 @@ async def send_packet_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
         arr = cg.static_const_array(arr_id, cg.ArrayInitializer(*data))
         cg.add(var.set_data_static(arr, len(data)))
     return var
+
+
+# Setter action definitions: (setter_name, validator, template_type, enum_map)
+_SETTER_ACTIONS = [
+    (
+        "set_frequency",
+        cv.All(cv.frequency, cv.float_range(min=300.0e6, max=928.0e6)),
+        float,
+        None,
+    ),
+    ("set_output_power", cv.float_range(min=-30.0, max=11.0), float, None),
+    ("set_modulation_type", cv.enum(MODULATION, upper=False), Modulation, MODULATION),
+    ("set_symbol_rate", cv.float_range(min=600, max=500000), float, None),
+    (
+        "set_rx_attenuation",
+        cv.enum(RX_ATTENUATION, upper=False),
+        RxAttenuation,
+        RX_ATTENUATION,
+    ),
+    ("set_dc_blocking_filter", cv.boolean, bool, None),
+    ("set_manchester", cv.boolean, bool, None),
+    (
+        "set_filter_bandwidth",
+        cv.All(cv.frequency, cv.float_range(min=58000, max=812000)),
+        float,
+        None,
+    ),
+    (
+        "set_fsk_deviation",
+        cv.All(cv.frequency, cv.float_range(min=1500, max=381000)),
+        float,
+        None,
+    ),
+    ("set_msk_deviation", cv.int_range(min=1, max=8), cg.uint8, None),
+    ("set_channel", cv.uint8_t, cg.uint8, None),
+    (
+        "set_channel_spacing",
+        cv.All(cv.frequency, cv.float_range(min=25000, max=405000)),
+        float,
+        None,
+    ),
+    (
+        "set_if_frequency",
+        cv.All(cv.frequency, cv.float_range(min=25000, max=788000)),
+        float,
+        None,
+    ),
+]
+
+
+def _register_setter_actions():
+    for setter_name, validator, templ_type, enum_map in _SETTER_ACTIONS:
+        class_name = (
+            "".join(word.capitalize() for word in setter_name.split("_")) + "Action"
+        )
+        action_cls = ns.class_(
+            class_name, automation.Action, cg.Parented.template(CC1101Component)
+        )
+        schema = cv.maybe_simple_value(
+            {
+                cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(CC1101Component),
+                cv.Required(CONF_VALUE): cv.templatable(validator),
+            },
+            key=CONF_VALUE,
+        )
+
+        async def _setter_action_to_code(
+            config,
+            action_id,
+            template_arg,
+            args,
+            _setter=setter_name,
+            _type=templ_type,
+            _map=enum_map,
+        ):
+            var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+            await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
+            data = config[CONF_VALUE]
+            if cg.is_template(data):
+                templ_ = await cg.templatable(data, args, _type)
+                cg.add(getattr(var, _setter)(templ_))
+            else:
+                cg.add(getattr(var, _setter)(_map[data] if _map else data))
+            return var
+
+        automation.register_action(f"cc1101.{setter_name}", action_cls, schema)(
+            _setter_action_to_code
+        )
+
+
+_register_setter_actions()
diff --git a/esphome/components/cc1101/cc1101.h b/esphome/components/cc1101/cc1101.h
index e55071e7e3..2efd9e082d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cc1101/cc1101.h
+++ b/esphome/components/cc1101/cc1101.h
@@ -161,4 +161,82 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SendPacketAction : public Action<Ts...>, public P
   size_t data_static_len_{0};
 };
 
+template<typename... Ts> class SetSymbolRateAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<CC1101Component> {
+ public:
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, symbol_rate)
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_symbol_rate(this->symbol_rate_.value(x...)); }
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class SetFrequencyAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<CC1101Component> {
+ public:
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, frequency)
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_frequency(this->frequency_.value(x...)); }
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class SetOutputPowerAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<CC1101Component> {
+ public:
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, output_power)
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_output_power(this->output_power_.value(x...)); }
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class SetModulationTypeAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<CC1101Component> {
+ public:
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(Modulation, modulation_type)
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_modulation_type(this->modulation_type_.value(x...)); }
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class SetRxAttenuationAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<CC1101Component> {
+ public:
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(RxAttenuation, rx_attenuation)
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_rx_attenuation(this->rx_attenuation_.value(x...)); }
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class SetDcBlockingFilterAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<CC1101Component> {
+ public:
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, dc_blocking_filter)
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_dc_blocking_filter(this->dc_blocking_filter_.value(x...)); }
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class SetManchesterAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<CC1101Component> {
+ public:
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, manchester)
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_manchester(this->manchester_.value(x...)); }
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class SetFilterBandwidthAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<CC1101Component> {
+ public:
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, filter_bandwidth)
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_filter_bandwidth(this->filter_bandwidth_.value(x...)); }
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class SetFskDeviationAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<CC1101Component> {
+ public:
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, fsk_deviation)
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_fsk_deviation(this->fsk_deviation_.value(x...)); }
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class SetMskDeviationAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<CC1101Component> {
+ public:
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint8_t, msk_deviation)
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_msk_deviation(this->msk_deviation_.value(x...)); }
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class SetChannelAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<CC1101Component> {
+ public:
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint8_t, channel)
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_channel(this->channel_.value(x...)); }
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class SetChannelSpacingAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<CC1101Component> {
+ public:
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, channel_spacing)
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_channel_spacing(this->channel_spacing_.value(x...)); }
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class SetIfFrequencyAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<CC1101Component> {
+ public:
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, if_frequency)
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_if_frequency(this->if_frequency_.value(x...)); }
+};
+
 }  // namespace esphome::cc1101
diff --git a/tests/components/cc1101/common.yaml b/tests/components/cc1101/common.yaml
index 42ec50911f..9784bfce8b 100644
--- a/tests/components/cc1101/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/cc1101/common.yaml
@@ -35,3 +35,99 @@ button:
             data: [0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78, 0x90, 0xab, 0xcd, 0xef]
         - cc1101.send_packet: !lambda |-
             return {0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08};
+
+        - cc1101.set_frequency: !lambda |-
+            return 433.91e6;
+        - cc1101.set_frequency:
+            value: "433.91MHz"
+        - cc1101.set_frequency:
+            value: 433911000
+        - cc1101.set_frequency: 433912000
+
+        - cc1101.set_output_power: !lambda |-
+            return -29.9;
+        - cc1101.set_output_power:
+            value: "-28"
+        - cc1101.set_output_power:
+            value: 10
+        - cc1101.set_output_power: 11
+
+        - cc1101.set_modulation_type: !lambda |-
+            return cc1101::Modulation::MODULATION_2_FSK;
+        - cc1101.set_modulation_type:
+            value: "4-FSK"
+        - cc1101.set_modulation_type: "GFSK"
+
+        - cc1101.set_symbol_rate: !lambda |-
+            return 6000.0;
+        - cc1101.set_symbol_rate:
+            value: "7000.0"
+        - cc1101.set_symbol_rate:
+            value: 8000.0
+        - cc1101.set_symbol_rate: 9000
+
+        - cc1101.set_rx_attenuation: !lambda |-
+            return cc1101::RxAttenuation::RX_ATTENUATION_0DB;
+        - cc1101.set_rx_attenuation:
+            value: "6dB"
+        - cc1101.set_rx_attenuation: "12dB"
+
+        - cc1101.set_dc_blocking_filter: !lambda |-
+            return false;
+        - cc1101.set_dc_blocking_filter:
+            value: true
+        - cc1101.set_dc_blocking_filter: false
+
+        - cc1101.set_manchester: !lambda |-
+            return false;
+        - cc1101.set_manchester:
+            value: true
+        - cc1101.set_manchester: false
+
+        - cc1101.set_filter_bandwidth: !lambda |-
+            return 58e3;
+        - cc1101.set_filter_bandwidth:
+            value: "59kHz"
+        - cc1101.set_filter_bandwidth:
+            value: 60000
+        - cc1101.set_filter_bandwidth: "61kHz"
+
+        - cc1101.set_fsk_deviation: !lambda |-
+            return 1.5e3;
+        - cc1101.set_fsk_deviation:
+            value: "1.6kHz"
+        - cc1101.set_fsk_deviation:
+            value: 1700
+        - cc1101.set_fsk_deviation: "1.8kHz"
+
+        - cc1101.set_msk_deviation: !lambda |-
+            return 1;
+        - cc1101.set_msk_deviation:
+            value: "2"
+        - cc1101.set_msk_deviation:
+            value: 3
+        - cc1101.set_msk_deviation: "4"
+
+        - cc1101.set_channel: !lambda |-
+            return 0;
+        - cc1101.set_channel:
+            value: "1"
+        - cc1101.set_channel:
+            value: 3
+        - cc1101.set_channel: 3
+
+        - cc1101.set_channel_spacing: !lambda |-
+            return 25e3;
+        - cc1101.set_channel_spacing:
+            value: "26kHz"
+        - cc1101.set_channel_spacing:
+            value: 27000
+        - cc1101.set_channel_spacing: "28kHz"
+
+        - cc1101.set_if_frequency: !lambda |-
+            return 25e3;
+        - cc1101.set_if_frequency:
+            value: "26kHz"
+        - cc1101.set_if_frequency:
+            value: 27000
+        - cc1101.set_if_frequency: "28kHz"

From 7fb09da7cf228b3a5d2bbdfd60b3e6fb571b0331 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 21 Feb 2026 11:08:13 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 129/609] [dsmr] Add deprecated std::string overload for
 set_decryption_key (#14180)

---
 esphome/components/dsmr/dsmr.h    | 3 +++
 tests/components/dsmr/common.yaml | 9 +++++++++
 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/dsmr/dsmr.h b/esphome/components/dsmr/dsmr.h
index fafcf62b87..dc81ba9b2a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dsmr/dsmr.h
+++ b/esphome/components/dsmr/dsmr.h
@@ -64,6 +64,9 @@ class Dsmr : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
   void dump_config() override;
 
   void set_decryption_key(const char *decryption_key);
+  // Remove before 2026.8.0
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Pass .c_str() - e.g. set_decryption_key(key.c_str()). Removed in 2026.8.0", "2026.2.0")
+  void set_decryption_key(const std::string &decryption_key) { this->set_decryption_key(decryption_key.c_str()); }
   void set_max_telegram_length(size_t length) { this->max_telegram_len_ = length; }
   void set_request_pin(GPIOPin *request_pin) { this->request_pin_ = request_pin; }
   void set_request_interval(uint32_t interval) { this->request_interval_ = interval; }
diff --git a/tests/components/dsmr/common.yaml b/tests/components/dsmr/common.yaml
index 038bf2806b..d11ce37d59 100644
--- a/tests/components/dsmr/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/dsmr/common.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,13 @@
+esphome:
+  on_boot:
+    then:
+      - lambda: |-
+          // Test deprecated std::string overload still compiles
+          std::string key = "00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff";
+          id(dsmr_instance).set_decryption_key(key);
+
 dsmr:
+  id: dsmr_instance
   decryption_key: 00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff
   max_telegram_length: 1000
   request_pin: ${request_pin}

From 416b97311b800e9563e48da0e403ed22e717ff61 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 21 Feb 2026 11:12:35 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 130/609] [mqtt] Remove broken ESP8266 ssl_fingerprints option
 (#14182)

---
 esphome/__main__.py                           | 14 ---------
 esphome/components/mqtt/__init__.py           | 21 --------------
 .../components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp8266.h    |  5 ----
 .../components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_libretiny.h  |  5 ----
 esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp       |  7 -----
 esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.h         | 15 ----------
 esphome/const.py                              |  1 -
 esphome/mqtt.py                               | 29 ++-----------------
 8 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 95 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/__main__.py b/esphome/__main__.py
index c86b5604e1..488955f503 100644
--- a/esphome/__main__.py
+++ b/esphome/__main__.py
@@ -944,12 +944,6 @@ def command_clean_all(args: ArgsProtocol) -> int | None:
     return 0
 
 
-def command_mqtt_fingerprint(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
-    from esphome import mqtt
-
-    return mqtt.get_fingerprint(config)
-
-
 def command_version(args: ArgsProtocol) -> int | None:
     safe_print(f"Version: {const.__version__}")
     return 0
@@ -1237,7 +1231,6 @@ POST_CONFIG_ACTIONS = {
     "run": command_run,
     "clean": command_clean,
     "clean-mqtt": command_clean_mqtt,
-    "mqtt-fingerprint": command_mqtt_fingerprint,
     "idedata": command_idedata,
     "rename": command_rename,
     "discover": command_discover,
@@ -1451,13 +1444,6 @@ def parse_args(argv):
     )
     parser_wizard.add_argument("configuration", help="Your YAML configuration file.")
 
-    parser_fingerprint = subparsers.add_parser(
-        "mqtt-fingerprint", help="Get the SSL fingerprint from a MQTT broker."
-    )
-    parser_fingerprint.add_argument(
-        "configuration", help="Your YAML configuration file(s).", nargs="+"
-    )
-
     subparsers.add_parser("version", help="Print the ESPHome version and exit.")
 
     parser_clean = subparsers.add_parser(
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mqtt/__init__.py
index fe153fedfa..44e8836487 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-import re
-
 from esphome import automation
 from esphome.automation import Condition
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -46,7 +44,6 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_RETAIN,
     CONF_SHUTDOWN_MESSAGE,
     CONF_SKIP_CERT_CN_CHECK,
-    CONF_SSL_FINGERPRINTS,
     CONF_STATE_TOPIC,
     CONF_SUBSCRIBE_QOS,
     CONF_TOPIC,
@@ -221,13 +218,6 @@ def validate_config(value):
     return out
 
 
-def validate_fingerprint(value):
-    value = cv.string(value)
-    if re.match(r"^[0-9a-f]{40}$", value) is None:
-        raise cv.Invalid("fingerprint must be valid SHA1 hash")
-    return value
-
-
 def _consume_mqtt_sockets(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """Register socket needs for MQTT component."""
     # MQTT needs 1 socket for the broker connection
@@ -291,9 +281,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 ),
                 validate_message_just_topic,
             ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_SSL_FINGERPRINTS): cv.All(
-                cv.only_on_esp8266, cv.ensure_list(validate_fingerprint)
-            ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_KEEPALIVE, default="15s"): cv.positive_time_period_seconds,
             cv.Optional(
                 CONF_REBOOT_TIMEOUT, default="15min"
@@ -444,14 +431,6 @@ async def to_code(config):
         if CONF_LEVEL in log_topic:
             cg.add(var.set_log_level(logger.LOG_LEVELS[log_topic[CONF_LEVEL]]))
 
-    if CONF_SSL_FINGERPRINTS in config:
-        for fingerprint in config[CONF_SSL_FINGERPRINTS]:
-            arr = [
-                cg.RawExpression(f"0x{fingerprint[i : i + 2]}") for i in range(0, 40, 2)
-            ]
-            cg.add(var.add_ssl_fingerprint(arr))
-        cg.add_build_flag("-DASYNC_TCP_SSL_ENABLED=1")
-
     cg.add(var.set_keep_alive(config[CONF_KEEPALIVE]))
 
     cg.add(var.set_reboot_timeout(config[CONF_REBOOT_TIMEOUT]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp8266.h b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp8266.h
index 470d1e6a8b..0bf5b510a4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp8266.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp8266.h
@@ -21,11 +21,6 @@ class MQTTBackendESP8266 final : public MQTTBackend {
   }
   void set_server(network::IPAddress ip, uint16_t port) final { mqtt_client_.setServer(ip, port); }
   void set_server(const char *host, uint16_t port) final { mqtt_client_.setServer(host, port); }
-#if ASYNC_TCP_SSL_ENABLED
-  void set_secure(bool secure) { mqtt_client.setSecure(secure); }
-  void add_server_fingerprint(const uint8_t *fingerprint) { mqtt_client.addServerFingerprint(fingerprint); }
-#endif
-
   void set_on_connect(std::function<on_connect_callback_t> &&callback) final {
     this->mqtt_client_.onConnect(std::move(callback));
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_libretiny.h b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_libretiny.h
index 24bf018a90..5fa3406193 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_libretiny.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_libretiny.h
@@ -21,11 +21,6 @@ class MQTTBackendLibreTiny final : public MQTTBackend {
   }
   void set_server(network::IPAddress ip, uint16_t port) final { mqtt_client_.setServer(IPAddress(ip), port); }
   void set_server(const char *host, uint16_t port) final { mqtt_client_.setServer(host, port); }
-#if ASYNC_TCP_SSL_ENABLED
-  void set_secure(bool secure) { mqtt_client.setSecure(secure); }
-  void add_server_fingerprint(const uint8_t *fingerprint) { mqtt_client.addServerFingerprint(fingerprint); }
-#endif
-
   void set_on_connect(std::function<on_connect_callback_t> &&callback) final {
     this->mqtt_client_.onConnect(std::move(callback));
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp
index c433804dd9..1a03c5329e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp
@@ -749,13 +749,6 @@ void MQTTClientComponent::set_on_disconnect(mqtt_on_disconnect_callback_t &&call
   this->on_disconnect_.add(std::move(callback_copy));
 }
 
-#if ASYNC_TCP_SSL_ENABLED
-void MQTTClientComponent::add_ssl_fingerprint(const std::array<uint8_t, SHA1_SIZE> &fingerprint) {
-  this->mqtt_backend_.setSecure(true);
-  this->mqtt_backend_.addServerFingerprint(fingerprint.data());
-}
-#endif
-
 MQTTClientComponent *global_mqtt_client = nullptr;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
 // MQTTMessageTrigger
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.h b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.h
index 21edd53eda..127e4073b0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.h
@@ -137,21 +137,6 @@ class MQTTClientComponent : public Component {
   bool is_discovery_enabled() const;
   bool is_discovery_ip_enabled() const;
 
-#if ASYNC_TCP_SSL_ENABLED
-  /** Add a SSL fingerprint to use for TCP SSL connections to the MQTT broker.
-   *
-   * To use this feature you first have to globally enable the `ASYNC_TCP_SSL_ENABLED` define flag.
-   * This function can be called multiple times and any certificate that matches any of the provided fingerprints
-   * will match. Calling this method will also automatically disable all non-ssl connections.
-   *
-   * @warning This is *not* secure and *not* how SSL is usually done. You'll have to add
-   *          a separate fingerprint for every certificate you use. Additionally, the hashing
-   *          algorithm used here due to the constraints of the MCU, SHA1, is known to be insecure.
-   *
-   * @param fingerprint The SSL fingerprint as a 20 value long std::array.
-   */
-  void add_ssl_fingerprint(const std::array<uint8_t, SHA1_SIZE> &fingerprint);
-#endif
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
   void set_ca_certificate(const char *cert) { this->mqtt_backend_.set_ca_certificate(cert); }
   void set_cl_certificate(const char *cert) { this->mqtt_backend_.set_cl_certificate(cert); }
diff --git a/esphome/const.py b/esphome/const.py
index f72cbc8893..0179aa129e 100644
--- a/esphome/const.py
+++ b/esphome/const.py
@@ -943,7 +943,6 @@ CONF_SPI = "spi"
 CONF_SPI_ID = "spi_id"
 CONF_SPIKE_REJECTION = "spike_rejection"
 CONF_SSID = "ssid"
-CONF_SSL_FINGERPRINTS = "ssl_fingerprints"
 CONF_STARTUP_DELAY = "startup_delay"
 CONF_STATE = "state"
 CONF_STATE_CLASS = "state_class"
diff --git a/esphome/mqtt.py b/esphome/mqtt.py
index 042df12d67..cbf78bd3f6 100644
--- a/esphome/mqtt.py
+++ b/esphome/mqtt.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import contextlib
 from datetime import datetime
-import hashlib
 import json
 import logging
 import ssl
@@ -22,14 +21,12 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_PASSWORD,
     CONF_PORT,
     CONF_SKIP_CERT_CN_CHECK,
-    CONF_SSL_FINGERPRINTS,
     CONF_TOPIC,
     CONF_TOPIC_PREFIX,
     CONF_USERNAME,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
 from esphome.helpers import get_int_env, get_str_env
-from esphome.log import AnsiFore, color
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 from esphome.util import safe_print
 
@@ -102,9 +99,7 @@ def prepare(
     elif username:
         client.username_pw_set(username, password)
 
-    if config[CONF_MQTT].get(CONF_SSL_FINGERPRINTS) or config[CONF_MQTT].get(
-        CONF_CERTIFICATE_AUTHORITY
-    ):
+    if config[CONF_MQTT].get(CONF_CERTIFICATE_AUTHORITY):
         context = ssl.create_default_context(
             cadata=config[CONF_MQTT].get(CONF_CERTIFICATE_AUTHORITY)
         )
@@ -283,23 +278,3 @@ def clear_topic(config, topic, username=None, password=None, client_id=None):
         client.publish(msg.topic, None, retain=True)
 
     return initialize(config, [topic], on_message, None, username, password, client_id)
-
-
-# From marvinroger/async-mqtt-client -> scripts/get-fingerprint/get-fingerprint.py
-def get_fingerprint(config):
-    addr = str(config[CONF_MQTT][CONF_BROKER]), int(config[CONF_MQTT][CONF_PORT])
-    _LOGGER.info("Getting fingerprint from %s:%s", addr[0], addr[1])
-    try:
-        cert_pem = ssl.get_server_certificate(addr)
-    except OSError as err:
-        _LOGGER.error("Unable to connect to server: %s", err)
-        return 1
-    cert_der = ssl.PEM_cert_to_DER_cert(cert_pem)
-
-    sha1 = hashlib.sha1(cert_der).hexdigest()
-
-    safe_print(f"SHA1 Fingerprint: {color(AnsiFore.CYAN, sha1)}")
-    safe_print(
-        f"Copy the string above into mqtt.ssl_fingerprints section of {CORE.config_path}"
-    )
-    return 0

From 6ff17fbf7c3d4b24ae0e20103c0828823d49b1dc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clyde Stubbs <2366188+clydebarrow@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 21 Feb 2026 07:17:54 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 131/609] [epaper_spi] Fix color mapping for weact (#14134)

---
 esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi.h    |  2 +-
 .../components/epaper_spi/epaper_weact_3c.cpp | 43 ++++++++++++-------
 2 files changed, 29 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi.h b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi.h
index a8c2fe9b56..a743985518 100644
--- a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi.h
+++ b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi.h
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class EPaperBase : public Display,
   static uint8_t color_to_bit(Color color) {
     // It's always a shade of gray. Map to BLACK or WHITE.
     // We split the luminance at a suitable point
-    if ((static_cast<int>(color.r) + color.g + color.b) > 512) {
+    if ((color.r + color.g + color.b) >= 382) {
       return 1;
     }
     return 0;
diff --git a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_weact_3c.cpp b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_weact_3c.cpp
index bd83105dd7..d4dac7076c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_weact_3c.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_weact_3c.cpp
@@ -5,9 +5,24 @@ namespace esphome::epaper_spi {
 
 static constexpr const char *const TAG = "epaper_weact_3c";
 
+enum class BwrState : uint8_t {
+  BWR_BLACK,
+  BWR_WHITE,
+  BWR_RED,
+};
+
+static BwrState color_to_bwr(Color color) {
+  if (color.r > color.g + color.b && color.r > 127) {
+    return BwrState::BWR_RED;
+  }
+  if (color.r + color.g + color.b >= 382) {
+    return BwrState::BWR_WHITE;
+  }
+  return BwrState::BWR_BLACK;
+}
 // SSD1680 3-color display notes:
 // - Buffer uses 1 bit per pixel, 8 pixels per byte
-// - Buffer first half (black_offset): Black/White plane (1=black, 0=white)
+// - Buffer first half (black_offset): Black/White plane (0=black, 1=white)
 // - Buffer second half (red_offset): Red plane (1=red, 0=no red)
 // - Total buffer: width * height / 4 bytes = 2 * (width * height / 8)
 // - For 128x296: 128*296/4 = 9472 bytes total (4736 per color)
@@ -23,20 +38,20 @@ void EPaperWeAct3C::draw_pixel_at(int x, int y, Color color) {
 
   // Use luminance threshold for B/W mapping
   // Split at halfway point (382 = (255*3)/2)
-  bool is_white = (static_cast<int>(color.r) + color.g + color.b) > 382;
+  auto bwr = color_to_bwr(color);
 
   // Update black/white plane (first half of buffer)
-  if (is_white) {
-    // White pixel - clear bit in black plane
-    this->buffer_[pos] &= ~bit;
-  } else {
-    // Black pixel - set bit in black plane
+  if (bwr == BwrState::BWR_WHITE) {
+    // White pixel - set bit in black plane
     this->buffer_[pos] |= bit;
+  } else {
+    // Black pixel - clear bit in black plane
+    this->buffer_[pos] &= ~bit;
   }
 
   // Update red plane (second half of buffer)
   // Red if red component is dominant (r > g+b)
-  if (color.r > color.g + color.b) {
+  if (bwr == BwrState::BWR_RED) {
     // Red pixel - set bit in red plane
     this->buffer_[red_offset + pos] |= bit;
   } else {
@@ -53,21 +68,20 @@ void EPaperWeAct3C::fill(Color color) {
   const size_t half_buffer = this->buffer_length_ / 2u;
 
   // Use luminance threshold for B/W mapping
-  bool is_white = (static_cast<int>(color.r) + color.g + color.b) > 382;
-  bool is_red = color.r > color.g + color.b;
+  auto bits = color_to_bwr(color);
 
   // Fill both planes
-  if (is_white) {
-    // White - both planes = 0x00
+  if (bits == BwrState::BWR_BLACK) {
+    // Black - both planes = 0x00
     this->buffer_.fill(0x00);
-  } else if (is_red) {
+  } else if (bits == BwrState::BWR_RED) {
     // Red - black plane = 0x00, red plane = 0xFF
     for (size_t i = 0; i < half_buffer; i++)
       this->buffer_[i] = 0x00;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < half_buffer; i++)
       this->buffer_[half_buffer + i] = 0xFF;
   } else {
-    // Black - black plane = 0xFF, red plane = 0x00
+    // White - black plane = 0xFF, red plane = 0x00
     for (size_t i = 0; i < half_buffer; i++)
       this->buffer_[i] = 0xFF;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < half_buffer; i++)
@@ -112,7 +126,6 @@ bool HOT EPaperWeAct3C::transfer_data() {
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "transfer_data: buffer_length=%u, half_buffer=%u", buffer_length, half_buffer);
 
   // Use a local buffer for SPI transfers
-  static constexpr size_t MAX_TRANSFER_SIZE = 128;
   uint8_t bytes_to_send[MAX_TRANSFER_SIZE];
 
   // First, send the RED buffer (0x26 = WRITE_COLOR)

From 48ba007c22d7c542e9de8740aacb8c94ac438a10 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: tomaszduda23 <tomaszduda23@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 21 Feb 2026 20:16:20 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 132/609] [nrf52] print line number after crash in logs
 (#14165)

---
 esphome/__main__.py                  | 19 ++++++++++---
 esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py | 40 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 tests/unit_tests/test_main.py        |  6 +++++
 3 files changed, 62 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/__main__.py b/esphome/__main__.py
index 488955f503..ffedb90bde 100644
--- a/esphome/__main__.py
+++ b/esphome/__main__.py
@@ -431,6 +431,14 @@ def run_miniterm(config: ConfigType, port: str, args) -> int:
         return 1
     _LOGGER.info("Starting log output from %s with baud rate %s", port, baud_rate)
 
+    process_stacktrace = None
+
+    try:
+        module = importlib.import_module("esphome.components." + CORE.target_platform)
+        process_stacktrace = getattr(module, "process_stacktrace")
+    except AttributeError:
+        pass
+
     backtrace_state = False
     ser = serial.Serial()
     ser.baudrate = baud_rate
@@ -472,9 +480,14 @@ def run_miniterm(config: ConfigType, port: str, args) -> int:
                             )
                             safe_print(parser.parse_line(line, time_str))
 
-                            backtrace_state = platformio_api.process_stacktrace(
-                                config, line, backtrace_state=backtrace_state
-                            )
+                            if process_stacktrace:
+                                backtrace_state = process_stacktrace(
+                                    config, line, backtrace_state
+                                )
+                            else:
+                                backtrace_state = platformio_api.process_stacktrace(
+                                    config, line, backtrace_state=backtrace_state
+                                )
                     except serial.SerialException:
                         _LOGGER.error("Serial port closed!")
                         return 0
diff --git a/esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py b/esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py
index 95e3670124..a12d1db1ab 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import asyncio
 import logging
 from pathlib import Path
+import re
+import subprocess
 
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -380,3 +382,41 @@ def show_logs(config: ConfigType, args, devices: list[str]) -> bool:
         asyncio.run(logger_connect(address))
         return True
     return False
+
+
+def _addr2line(addr2line: str, elf: Path, addr: str) -> str:
+    try:
+        result = subprocess.run(
+            [addr2line, "-e", elf, addr],
+            capture_output=True,
+            text=True,
+            check=True,
+        )
+        return result.stdout.strip().splitlines()[0]
+    except Exception as err:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
+        _LOGGER.error("Running command failed: %s", err)
+    return ""
+
+
+def process_stacktrace(config: ConfigType, line: str, backtrace_state: bool) -> bool:
+    if "Last crash:" in line:
+        return True
+    if backtrace_state:
+        match = re.search(r"PC=(0x[0-9a-fA-F]+)\s+LR=(0x[0-9a-fA-F]+)", line)
+        if match:
+            pc = match.group(1)
+            lr = match.group(2)
+            from esphome.analyze_memory.toolchain import find_tool
+
+            addr2line = find_tool("addr2line")
+            if addr2line is None:
+                return False
+            elf = CORE.relative_pioenvs_path(CORE.name, "firmware.elf")
+            if not elf.exists():
+                _LOGGER.warning("%s does not exists", elf)
+                return False
+            _LOGGER.error("=== CRASH ===")
+            _LOGGER.error("PC: %s", _addr2line(addr2line, elf, pc))
+            _LOGGER.error("LR: %s", _addr2line(addr2line, elf, lr))
+
+    return False
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_main.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_main.py
index c9aa446323..cef561c54b 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_main.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_main.py
@@ -2951,6 +2951,7 @@ def test_run_miniterm_batches_lines_with_same_timestamp(
 
     mock_serial = MockSerial([chunk, MOCK_SERIAL_END])
 
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: PLATFORM_ESP32}
     config = {
         CONF_LOGGER: {
             CONF_BAUD_RATE: 115200,
@@ -2989,6 +2990,7 @@ def test_run_miniterm_different_chunks_different_timestamps(
 
     mock_serial = MockSerial([chunk1, chunk2, MOCK_SERIAL_END])
 
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: PLATFORM_ESP32}
     config = {
         CONF_LOGGER: {
             CONF_BAUD_RATE: 115200,
@@ -3019,6 +3021,7 @@ def test_run_miniterm_handles_split_lines() -> None:
 
     mock_serial = MockSerial([chunk1, chunk2, MOCK_SERIAL_END])
 
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: PLATFORM_ESP32}
     config = {
         CONF_LOGGER: {
             CONF_BAUD_RATE: 115200,
@@ -3057,6 +3060,7 @@ def test_run_miniterm_backtrace_state_maintained() -> None:
 
     mock_serial = MockSerial([backtrace_chunk, MOCK_SERIAL_END])
 
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: PLATFORM_ESP32}
     config = {
         CONF_LOGGER: {
             CONF_BAUD_RATE: 115200,
@@ -3122,6 +3126,7 @@ def test_run_miniterm_handles_empty_reads(
 
     mock_serial = MockSerial([b"", chunk, b"", MOCK_SERIAL_END])
 
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: PLATFORM_ESP32}
     config = {
         CONF_LOGGER: {
             CONF_BAUD_RATE: 115200,
@@ -3194,6 +3199,7 @@ def test_run_miniterm_buffer_limit_prevents_unbounded_growth() -> None:
 
     mock_serial = MockSerial([large_data_no_newline, final_line, MOCK_SERIAL_END])
 
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: PLATFORM_ESP32}
     config = {
         CONF_LOGGER: {
             CONF_BAUD_RATE: 115200,

From 9571a979eb7ff1d881a4a833a639ff54c861174e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 21 Feb 2026 13:53:45 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 133/609] [ci] Suggest StringRef instead of std::string_view
 (#14183)

---
 script/ci-custom.py | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+)

diff --git a/script/ci-custom.py b/script/ci-custom.py
index 231f587068..df819e0f04 100755
--- a/script/ci-custom.py
+++ b/script/ci-custom.py
@@ -494,6 +494,22 @@ def lint_no_byte_datatype(fname, match):
     )
 
 
+@lint_re_check(
+    r"(?:std\s*::\s*string_view|#include\s*<string_view>)" + CPP_RE_EOL,
+    include=cpp_include,
+)
+def lint_no_std_string_view(fname, match):
+    return (
+        f"{highlight('std::string_view')} is not allowed in ESPHome. "
+        f"It pulls in significant STL template machinery that bloats flash on "
+        f"resource-constrained embedded targets, does not work well with ArduinoJson, "
+        f"and duplicates functionality already provided by {highlight('StringRef')}.\n"
+        f"Please use {highlight('StringRef')} from {highlight('esphome/core/string_ref.h')} "
+        f"for non-owning string references, or {highlight('const char *')} for simple cases.\n"
+        f"(If strictly necessary, add `{highlight('// NOLINT')}` to the end of the line)"
+    )
+
+
 @lint_post_check
 def lint_constants_usage():
     errs = []

From 5a07908dfa9ef499b20e8a53f23e5ea94b9eb682 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 21 Feb 2026 13:54:20 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 134/609] [api] Fix build error when lambda returns StringRef
 in homeassistant.event data (#14187)

---
 esphome/components/api/homeassistant_service.h |  2 ++
 tests/components/homeassistant/common.yaml     | 13 +++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 15 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/homeassistant_service.h b/esphome/components/api/homeassistant_service.h
index 2322d96eef..340699e1a6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/homeassistant_service.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/homeassistant_service.h
@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ template<typename... X> class TemplatableStringValue : public TemplatableValue<s
   static std::string value_to_string(const char *val) { return std::string(val); }  // For lambdas returning .c_str()
   static std::string value_to_string(const std::string &val) { return val; }
   static std::string value_to_string(std::string &&val) { return std::move(val); }
+  static std::string value_to_string(const StringRef &val) { return val.str(); }
+  static std::string value_to_string(StringRef &&val) { return val.str(); }
 
  public:
   TemplatableStringValue() : TemplatableValue<std::string, X...>() {}
diff --git a/tests/components/homeassistant/common.yaml b/tests/components/homeassistant/common.yaml
index 9c6cb71b8b..60e3defd49 100644
--- a/tests/components/homeassistant/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/homeassistant/common.yaml
@@ -90,6 +90,19 @@ text_sensor:
     id: ha_hello_world_text2
     attribute: some_attribute
 
+event:
+  - platform: template
+    name: Test Event
+    id: test_event
+    event_types:
+      - test_event_type
+    on_event:
+      - homeassistant.event:
+          event: esphome.test_event
+          data:
+            event_name: !lambda |-
+              return event_type;
+
 time:
   - platform: homeassistant
     on_time:

From e521522b388dce7066ade34d96869187e7c47ca6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 21 Feb 2026 13:54:43 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 135/609] [haier] Fix uninitialized HonSettings causing API
 connection failures (#14188)

---
 esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.h | 10 +++++-----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.h b/esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.h
index a567ab1d89..608d5e7f21 100644
--- a/esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.h
+++ b/esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.h
@@ -29,10 +29,10 @@ enum class CleaningState : uint8_t {
 enum class HonControlMethod { MONITOR_ONLY = 0, SET_GROUP_PARAMETERS, SET_SINGLE_PARAMETER };
 
 struct HonSettings {
-  hon_protocol::VerticalSwingMode last_vertiacal_swing;
-  hon_protocol::HorizontalSwingMode last_horizontal_swing;
-  bool beeper_state;
-  bool quiet_mode_state;
+  hon_protocol::VerticalSwingMode last_vertiacal_swing{hon_protocol::VerticalSwingMode::CENTER};
+  hon_protocol::HorizontalSwingMode last_horizontal_swing{hon_protocol::HorizontalSwingMode::CENTER};
+  bool beeper_state{true};
+  bool quiet_mode_state{false};
 };
 
 class HonClimate : public HaierClimateBase {
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ class HonClimate : public HaierClimateBase {
   int big_data_sensors_{0};
   esphome::optional<hon_protocol::VerticalSwingMode> current_vertical_swing_{};
   esphome::optional<hon_protocol::HorizontalSwingMode> current_horizontal_swing_{};
-  HonSettings settings_;
+  HonSettings settings_{};
   ESPPreferenceObject hon_rtc_;
   SwitchState quiet_mode_state_{SwitchState::OFF};
 };

From 6f198adb0c79bcc8e14cdb07cbf484bb23aa1e52 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 21 Feb 2026 14:29:50 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 136/609] [scheduler] Reduce lock acquisitions in
 process_defer_queue_ (#14107)

---
 esphome/core/scheduler.cpp | 23 +++++++++++
 esphome/core/scheduler.h   | 79 ++++++++++++++++++--------------------
 2 files changed, 60 insertions(+), 42 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp b/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
index e82efcc520..b810df7e1c 100644
--- a/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
@@ -421,6 +421,29 @@ void Scheduler::full_cleanup_removed_items_() {
   this->to_remove_ = 0;
 }
 
+#ifndef ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE
+void Scheduler::compact_defer_queue_locked_() {
+  // Rare case: new items were added during processing - compact the vector
+  // This only happens when:
+  // 1. A deferred callback calls defer() again, or
+  // 2. Another thread calls defer() while we're processing
+  //
+  // Move unprocessed items (added during this loop) to the front for next iteration
+  //
+  // SAFETY: Compacted items may include cancelled items (marked for removal via
+  // cancel_item_locked_() during execution). This is safe because should_skip_item_()
+  // checks is_item_removed_() before executing, so cancelled items will be skipped
+  // and recycled on the next loop iteration.
+  size_t remaining = this->defer_queue_.size() - this->defer_queue_front_;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < remaining; i++) {
+    this->defer_queue_[i] = std::move(this->defer_queue_[this->defer_queue_front_ + i]);
+  }
+  // Use erase() instead of resize() to avoid instantiating _M_default_append
+  // (saves ~156 bytes flash). Erasing from the end is O(1) - no shifting needed.
+  this->defer_queue_.erase(this->defer_queue_.begin() + remaining, this->defer_queue_.end());
+}
+#endif /* not ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE */
+
 void HOT Scheduler::call(uint32_t now) {
 #ifndef ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE
   this->process_defer_queue_(now);
diff --git a/esphome/core/scheduler.h b/esphome/core/scheduler.h
index afe11aaca6..041c6f4687 100644
--- a/esphome/core/scheduler.h
+++ b/esphome/core/scheduler.h
@@ -387,41 +387,46 @@ class Scheduler {
     // No lock needed: single consumer (main loop), stale read just means we process less this iteration
     size_t defer_queue_end = this->defer_queue_.size();
 
+    // Fast path: nothing to process, avoid lock entirely.
+    // Safe without lock: single consumer (main loop) reads front_, and a stale size() read
+    // from a concurrent push can only make us see fewer items — they'll be processed next loop.
+    if (this->defer_queue_front_ >= defer_queue_end)
+      return;
+
+    // Merge lock acquisitions: instead of separate locks for move-out and recycle (2N+1 total),
+    // recycle each item after re-acquiring the lock for the next iteration (N+1 total).
+    // The lock is held across: recycle → loop condition → move-out, then released for execution.
+    std::unique_ptr<SchedulerItem> item;
+
+    this->lock_.lock();
     while (this->defer_queue_front_ < defer_queue_end) {
-      std::unique_ptr<SchedulerItem> item;
-      {
-        LockGuard lock(this->lock_);
-        // SAFETY: Moving out the unique_ptr leaves a nullptr in the vector at defer_queue_front_.
-        // This is intentional and safe because:
-        // 1. The vector is only cleaned up by cleanup_defer_queue_locked_() at the end of this function
-        // 2. Any code iterating defer_queue_ MUST check for nullptr items (see mark_matching_items_removed_locked_
-        //    and has_cancelled_timeout_in_container_locked_ in scheduler.h)
-        // 3. The lock protects concurrent access, but the nullptr remains until cleanup
-        item = std::move(this->defer_queue_[this->defer_queue_front_]);
-        this->defer_queue_front_++;
-      }
+      // SAFETY: Moving out the unique_ptr leaves a nullptr in the vector at defer_queue_front_.
+      // This is intentional and safe because:
+      // 1. The vector is only cleaned up by cleanup_defer_queue_locked_() at the end of this function
+      // 2. Any code iterating defer_queue_ MUST check for nullptr items (see mark_matching_items_removed_locked_
+      //    and has_cancelled_timeout_in_container_locked_ in scheduler.h)
+      // 3. The lock protects concurrent access, but the nullptr remains until cleanup
+      item = std::move(this->defer_queue_[this->defer_queue_front_]);
+      this->defer_queue_front_++;
+      this->lock_.unlock();
 
       // Execute callback without holding lock to prevent deadlocks
       // if the callback tries to call defer() again
       if (!this->should_skip_item_(item.get())) {
         now = this->execute_item_(item.get(), now);
       }
-      // Recycle the defer item after execution
-      {
-        LockGuard lock(this->lock_);
-        this->recycle_item_main_loop_(std::move(item));
-      }
-    }
 
-    // If we've consumed all items up to the snapshot point, clean up the dead space
-    // Single consumer (main loop), so no lock needed for this check
-    if (this->defer_queue_front_ >= defer_queue_end) {
-      LockGuard lock(this->lock_);
-      this->cleanup_defer_queue_locked_();
+      this->lock_.lock();
+      this->recycle_item_main_loop_(std::move(item));
     }
+    // Clean up the queue (lock already held from last recycle or initial acquisition)
+    this->cleanup_defer_queue_locked_();
+    this->lock_.unlock();
   }
 
-  // Helper to cleanup defer_queue_ after processing
+  // Helper to cleanup defer_queue_ after processing.
+  // Keeps the common clear() path inline, outlines the rare compaction to keep
+  // cold code out of the hot instruction cache lines.
   // IMPORTANT: Caller must hold the scheduler lock before calling this function.
   inline void cleanup_defer_queue_locked_() {
     // Check if new items were added by producers during processing
@@ -429,27 +434,17 @@ class Scheduler {
       // Common case: no new items - clear everything
       this->defer_queue_.clear();
     } else {
-      // Rare case: new items were added during processing - compact the vector
-      // This only happens when:
-      // 1. A deferred callback calls defer() again, or
-      // 2. Another thread calls defer() while we're processing
-      //
-      // Move unprocessed items (added during this loop) to the front for next iteration
-      //
-      // SAFETY: Compacted items may include cancelled items (marked for removal via
-      // cancel_item_locked_() during execution). This is safe because should_skip_item_()
-      // checks is_item_removed_() before executing, so cancelled items will be skipped
-      // and recycled on the next loop iteration.
-      size_t remaining = this->defer_queue_.size() - this->defer_queue_front_;
-      for (size_t i = 0; i < remaining; i++) {
-        this->defer_queue_[i] = std::move(this->defer_queue_[this->defer_queue_front_ + i]);
-      }
-      // Use erase() instead of resize() to avoid instantiating _M_default_append
-      // (saves ~156 bytes flash). Erasing from the end is O(1) - no shifting needed.
-      this->defer_queue_.erase(this->defer_queue_.begin() + remaining, this->defer_queue_.end());
+      // Rare case: new items were added during processing - outlined to keep cold code
+      // out of the hot instruction cache lines
+      this->compact_defer_queue_locked_();
     }
     this->defer_queue_front_ = 0;
   }
+
+  // Cold path for compacting defer_queue_ when new items were added during processing.
+  // IMPORTANT: Caller must hold the scheduler lock before calling this function.
+  // IMPORTANT: Must not be inlined - rare path, outlined to keep it out of the hot instruction cache lines.
+  void __attribute__((noinline)) compact_defer_queue_locked_();
 #endif /* not ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE */
 
   // Helper to check if item is marked for removal (platform-specific)

From 462ac2956312f21e506b1e2e13a6960e18d0d813 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 21 Feb 2026 17:29:41 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 137/609] [scheduler] Use relaxed memory ordering for atomic
 reads under lock (#14140)

---
 esphome/core/scheduler.cpp | 10 +++++-----
 esphome/core/scheduler.h   | 18 +++++++++++++++---
 2 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp b/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
index b810df7e1c..36b65f6ff7 100644
--- a/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ void Scheduler::full_cleanup_removed_items_() {
   // Compact in-place: move valid items forward, recycle removed ones
   size_t write = 0;
   for (size_t read = 0; read < this->items_.size(); ++read) {
-    if (!is_item_removed_(this->items_[read].get())) {
+    if (!is_item_removed_locked_(this->items_[read].get())) {
       if (write != read) {
         this->items_[write] = std::move(this->items_[read]);
       }
@@ -531,7 +531,7 @@ void HOT Scheduler::call(uint32_t now) {
     // Multi-threaded platforms without atomics: must take lock to safely read remove flag
     {
       LockGuard guard{this->lock_};
-      if (is_item_removed_(item.get())) {
+      if (is_item_removed_locked_(item.get())) {
         this->recycle_item_main_loop_(this->pop_raw_locked_());
         this->to_remove_--;
         continue;
@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ void HOT Scheduler::call(uint32_t now) {
     // during the function call and know if we were cancelled.
     auto executed_item = this->pop_raw_locked_();
 
-    if (executed_item->remove) {
+    if (this->is_item_removed_locked_(executed_item.get())) {
       // We were removed/cancelled in the function call, recycle and continue
       this->to_remove_--;
       this->recycle_item_main_loop_(std::move(executed_item));
@@ -595,7 +595,7 @@ void HOT Scheduler::call(uint32_t now) {
 void HOT Scheduler::process_to_add() {
   LockGuard guard{this->lock_};
   for (auto &it : this->to_add_) {
-    if (is_item_removed_(it.get())) {
+    if (is_item_removed_locked_(it.get())) {
       // Recycle cancelled items
       this->recycle_item_main_loop_(std::move(it));
       continue;
@@ -628,7 +628,7 @@ size_t HOT Scheduler::cleanup_() {
   LockGuard guard{this->lock_};
   while (!this->items_.empty()) {
     auto &item = this->items_[0];
-    if (!item->remove)
+    if (!this->is_item_removed_locked_(item.get()))
       break;
     this->to_remove_--;
     this->recycle_item_main_loop_(this->pop_raw_locked_());
diff --git a/esphome/core/scheduler.h b/esphome/core/scheduler.h
index 041c6f4687..384d76b6b0 100644
--- a/esphome/core/scheduler.h
+++ b/esphome/core/scheduler.h
@@ -314,8 +314,8 @@ class Scheduler {
     // Fixes: https://github.com/esphome/esphome/issues/11940
     if (!item)
       return false;
-    if (item->component != component || item->type != type || (skip_removed && item->remove) ||
-        (match_retry && !item->is_retry)) {
+    if (item->component != component || item->type != type ||
+        (skip_removed && this->is_item_removed_locked_(item.get())) || (match_retry && !item->is_retry)) {
       return false;
     }
     // Name type must match
@@ -463,6 +463,18 @@ class Scheduler {
 #endif
   }
 
+  // Helper to check if item is marked for removal when lock is already held.
+  // Uses relaxed ordering since the mutex provides all necessary synchronization.
+  // IMPORTANT: Caller must hold the scheduler lock before calling this function.
+  bool is_item_removed_locked_(SchedulerItem *item) const {
+#ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS
+    // Lock already held - relaxed is sufficient, mutex provides ordering
+    return item->remove.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+#else
+    return item->remove;
+#endif
+  }
+
   // Helper to set item removal flag (platform-specific)
   // For ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_NO_ATOMICS platforms, the caller must hold the scheduler lock before calling this
   // function. Uses memory_order_release when setting to true (for cancellation synchronization),
@@ -519,7 +531,7 @@ class Scheduler {
       // it will iterate over these nullptr items. This check prevents crashes.
       if (!item)
         continue;
-      if (is_item_removed_(item.get()) &&
+      if (this->is_item_removed_locked_(item.get()) &&
           this->matches_item_locked_(item, component, name_type, static_name, hash_or_id, SchedulerItem::TIMEOUT,
                                      match_retry, /* skip_removed= */ false)) {
         return true;

From a4682615234ac61ff7825e2a922807b11e6772fa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 21 Feb 2026 19:41:26 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 138/609] [scheduler] De-template and consolidate scheduler
 helper functions (#14164)

---
 esphome/core/scheduler.cpp | 14 +++++++++----
 esphome/core/scheduler.h   | 41 +++++++-------------------------------
 2 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 38 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp b/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
index 36b65f6ff7..e4e0751e10 100644
--- a/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
@@ -119,10 +119,16 @@ uint32_t Scheduler::calculate_interval_offset_(uint32_t delay) {
 // Remove before 2026.8.0 along with all retry code
 bool Scheduler::is_retry_cancelled_locked_(Component *component, NameType name_type, const char *static_name,
                                            uint32_t hash_or_id) {
-  return has_cancelled_timeout_in_container_locked_(this->items_, component, name_type, static_name, hash_or_id,
-                                                    /* match_retry= */ true) ||
-         has_cancelled_timeout_in_container_locked_(this->to_add_, component, name_type, static_name, hash_or_id,
-                                                    /* match_retry= */ true);
+  for (auto *container : {&this->items_, &this->to_add_}) {
+    for (auto &item : *container) {
+      if (item && this->is_item_removed_locked_(item.get()) &&
+          this->matches_item_locked_(item, component, name_type, static_name, hash_or_id, SchedulerItem::TIMEOUT,
+                                     /* match_retry= */ true, /* skip_removed= */ false)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
 }
 
 // Common implementation for both timeout and interval
diff --git a/esphome/core/scheduler.h b/esphome/core/scheduler.h
index 384d76b6b0..16b0ded312 100644
--- a/esphome/core/scheduler.h
+++ b/esphome/core/scheduler.h
@@ -308,8 +308,8 @@ class Scheduler {
                                        SchedulerItem::Type type, bool match_retry, bool skip_removed = true) const {
     // THREAD SAFETY: Check for nullptr first to prevent LoadProhibited crashes. On multi-threaded
     // platforms, items can be moved out of defer_queue_ during processing, leaving nullptr entries.
-    // PR #11305 added nullptr checks in callers (mark_matching_items_removed_locked_() and
-    // has_cancelled_timeout_in_container_locked_()), but this check provides defense-in-depth: helper
+    // PR #11305 added nullptr checks in callers (mark_matching_items_removed_locked_()), but this check
+    // provides defense-in-depth: helper
     // functions should be safe regardless of caller behavior.
     // Fixes: https://github.com/esphome/esphome/issues/11940
     if (!item)
@@ -403,8 +403,7 @@ class Scheduler {
       // SAFETY: Moving out the unique_ptr leaves a nullptr in the vector at defer_queue_front_.
       // This is intentional and safe because:
       // 1. The vector is only cleaned up by cleanup_defer_queue_locked_() at the end of this function
-      // 2. Any code iterating defer_queue_ MUST check for nullptr items (see mark_matching_items_removed_locked_
-      //    and has_cancelled_timeout_in_container_locked_ in scheduler.h)
+      // 2. Any code iterating defer_queue_ MUST check for nullptr items (see mark_matching_items_removed_locked_)
       // 3. The lock protects concurrent access, but the nullptr remains until cleanup
       item = std::move(this->defer_queue_[this->defer_queue_front_]);
       this->defer_queue_front_++;
@@ -497,19 +496,16 @@ class Scheduler {
   // name_type determines matching: STATIC_STRING uses static_name, others use hash_or_id
   // Returns the number of items marked for removal
   // IMPORTANT: Must be called with scheduler lock held
-  template<typename Container>
-  size_t mark_matching_items_removed_locked_(Container &container, Component *component, NameType name_type,
-                                             const char *static_name, uint32_t hash_or_id, SchedulerItem::Type type,
-                                             bool match_retry) {
+  size_t mark_matching_items_removed_locked_(std::vector<std::unique_ptr<SchedulerItem>> &container,
+                                             Component *component, NameType name_type, const char *static_name,
+                                             uint32_t hash_or_id, SchedulerItem::Type type, bool match_retry) {
     size_t count = 0;
     for (auto &item : container) {
       // Skip nullptr items (can happen in defer_queue_ when items are being processed)
       // The defer_queue_ uses index-based processing: items are std::moved out but left in the
       // vector as nullptr until cleanup. Even though this function is called with lock held,
       // the vector can still contain nullptr items from the processing loop. This check prevents crashes.
-      if (!item)
-        continue;
-      if (this->matches_item_locked_(item, component, name_type, static_name, hash_or_id, type, match_retry)) {
+      if (item && this->matches_item_locked_(item, component, name_type, static_name, hash_or_id, type, match_retry)) {
         this->set_item_removed_(item.get(), true);
         count++;
       }
@@ -517,29 +513,6 @@ class Scheduler {
     return count;
   }
 
-  // Template helper to check if any item in a container matches our criteria
-  // name_type determines matching: STATIC_STRING uses static_name, others use hash_or_id
-  // IMPORTANT: Must be called with scheduler lock held
-  template<typename Container>
-  bool has_cancelled_timeout_in_container_locked_(const Container &container, Component *component, NameType name_type,
-                                                  const char *static_name, uint32_t hash_or_id,
-                                                  bool match_retry) const {
-    for (const auto &item : container) {
-      // Skip nullptr items (can happen in defer_queue_ when items are being processed)
-      // The defer_queue_ uses index-based processing: items are std::moved out but left in the
-      // vector as nullptr until cleanup. If this function is called during defer queue processing,
-      // it will iterate over these nullptr items. This check prevents crashes.
-      if (!item)
-        continue;
-      if (this->is_item_removed_locked_(item.get()) &&
-          this->matches_item_locked_(item, component, name_type, static_name, hash_or_id, SchedulerItem::TIMEOUT,
-                                     match_retry, /* skip_removed= */ false)) {
-        return true;
-      }
-    }
-    return false;
-  }
-
   Mutex lock_;
   std::vector<std::unique_ptr<SchedulerItem>> items_;
   std::vector<std::unique_ptr<SchedulerItem>> to_add_;

From d5c9c56fdfcdd0112e1913f05f84e297908460a7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 21 Feb 2026 19:41:43 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 139/609] [platformio] Add exponential backoff and session
 reset to download retries (#14191)

---
 esphome/platformio_api.py               |  41 ++++-
 tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_api.py | 196 +++++++++++++++++++++++-
 2 files changed, 231 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/platformio_api.py b/esphome/platformio_api.py
index d42f89d029..5d4065207f 100644
--- a/esphome/platformio_api.py
+++ b/esphome/platformio_api.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import os
 from pathlib import Path
 import re
 import subprocess
+import time
 from typing import Any
 
 from esphome.const import CONF_COMPILE_PROCESS_LIMIT, CONF_ESPHOME, KEY_CORE
@@ -44,31 +45,61 @@ def patch_structhash():
 
 
 def patch_file_downloader():
-    """Patch PlatformIO's FileDownloader to retry on PackageException errors."""
+    """Patch PlatformIO's FileDownloader to retry on PackageException errors.
+
+    PlatformIO's FileDownloader uses HTTPSession which lacks built-in retry
+    for 502/503 errors. We add retries with exponential backoff and close the
+    session between attempts to force a fresh TCP connection, which may route
+    to a different CDN edge node.
+    """
     from platformio.package.download import FileDownloader
     from platformio.package.exception import PackageException
 
+    if getattr(FileDownloader.__init__, "_esphome_patched", False):
+        return
+
     original_init = FileDownloader.__init__
 
     def patched_init(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
-        max_retries = 3
+        max_retries = 5
 
         for attempt in range(max_retries):
             try:
-                return original_init(self, *args, **kwargs)
+                original_init(self, *args, **kwargs)
+                return
             except PackageException as e:
                 if attempt < max_retries - 1:
+                    # Exponential backoff: 2, 4, 8, 16 seconds
+                    delay = 2 ** (attempt + 1)
                     _LOGGER.warning(
-                        "Package download failed: %s. Retrying... (attempt %d/%d)",
+                        "Package download failed: %s. "
+                        "Retrying in %d seconds... (attempt %d/%d)",
                         str(e),
+                        delay,
                         attempt + 1,
                         max_retries,
                     )
+                    # Close the response and session to free resources
+                    # and force a new TCP connection on retry, which may
+                    # route to a different CDN edge node
+                    # pylint: disable=protected-access,broad-except
+                    try:
+                        if (
+                            hasattr(self, "_http_response")
+                            and self._http_response is not None
+                        ):
+                            self._http_response.close()
+                        if hasattr(self, "_http_session"):
+                            self._http_session.close()
+                    except Exception:
+                        pass
+                    # pylint: enable=protected-access,broad-except
+                    time.sleep(delay)
                 else:
                     # Final attempt - re-raise
                     raise
-        return None
 
+    patched_init._esphome_patched = True  # type: ignore[attr-defined]  # pylint: disable=protected-access
     FileDownloader.__init__ = patched_init
 
 
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_api.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_api.py
index 4d7b635e59..1686144277 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_api.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_api.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import os
 from pathlib import Path
 import shutil
 from types import SimpleNamespace
-from unittest.mock import MagicMock, Mock, patch
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, Mock, call, patch
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -673,6 +673,200 @@ def test_process_stacktrace_bad_alloc(
     assert state is False
 
 
+def test_patch_file_downloader_succeeds_first_try() -> None:
+    """Test patch_file_downloader succeeds on first attempt."""
+    mock_exception_cls = type("PackageException", (Exception,), {})
+    original_init = MagicMock()
+
+    with patch.dict(
+        "sys.modules",
+        {
+            "platformio": MagicMock(),
+            "platformio.package": MagicMock(),
+            "platformio.package.download": SimpleNamespace(
+                FileDownloader=type("FileDownloader", (), {"__init__": original_init})
+            ),
+            "platformio.package.exception": SimpleNamespace(
+                PackageException=mock_exception_cls
+            ),
+        },
+    ):
+        platformio_api.patch_file_downloader()
+
+        from platformio.package.download import FileDownloader
+
+        instance = object.__new__(FileDownloader)
+        FileDownloader.__init__(instance, "http://example.com/file.zip")
+
+        original_init.assert_called_once()
+
+
+def test_patch_file_downloader_retries_on_failure() -> None:
+    """Test patch_file_downloader retries with backoff on PackageException."""
+    mock_exception_cls = type("PackageException", (Exception,), {})
+    call_count = 0
+
+    def failing_init(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        nonlocal call_count
+        call_count += 1
+        if call_count < 3:
+            raise mock_exception_cls(f"502 error attempt {call_count}")
+
+    with (
+        patch.dict(
+            "sys.modules",
+            {
+                "platformio": MagicMock(),
+                "platformio.package": MagicMock(),
+                "platformio.package.download": SimpleNamespace(
+                    FileDownloader=type(
+                        "FileDownloader", (), {"__init__": failing_init}
+                    )
+                ),
+                "platformio.package.exception": SimpleNamespace(
+                    PackageException=mock_exception_cls
+                ),
+            },
+        ),
+        patch("time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+    ):
+        platformio_api.patch_file_downloader()
+
+        from platformio.package.download import FileDownloader
+
+        instance = object.__new__(FileDownloader)
+        FileDownloader.__init__(instance, "http://example.com/file.zip")
+
+        # Should have been called 3 times (2 failures + 1 success)
+        assert call_count == 3
+
+        # Should have slept with exponential backoff: 2s, 4s
+        assert mock_sleep.call_count == 2
+        mock_sleep.assert_any_call(2)
+        mock_sleep.assert_any_call(4)
+
+
+def test_patch_file_downloader_raises_after_max_retries() -> None:
+    """Test patch_file_downloader raises after exhausting all retries."""
+    mock_exception_cls = type("PackageException", (Exception,), {})
+
+    def always_failing_init(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        raise mock_exception_cls("502 error")
+
+    with (
+        patch.dict(
+            "sys.modules",
+            {
+                "platformio": MagicMock(),
+                "platformio.package": MagicMock(),
+                "platformio.package.download": SimpleNamespace(
+                    FileDownloader=type(
+                        "FileDownloader", (), {"__init__": always_failing_init}
+                    )
+                ),
+                "platformio.package.exception": SimpleNamespace(
+                    PackageException=mock_exception_cls
+                ),
+            },
+        ),
+        patch("time.sleep") as mock_sleep,
+    ):
+        platformio_api.patch_file_downloader()
+
+        from platformio.package.download import FileDownloader
+
+        instance = object.__new__(FileDownloader)
+        with pytest.raises(mock_exception_cls, match="502 error"):
+            FileDownloader.__init__(instance, "http://example.com/file.zip")
+
+        # Should have slept 4 times (before attempts 2-5), not on final attempt
+        assert mock_sleep.call_count == 4
+        mock_sleep.assert_has_calls([call(2), call(4), call(8), call(16)])
+
+
+def test_patch_file_downloader_closes_session_and_response_between_retries() -> None:
+    """Test patch_file_downloader closes HTTP session and response between retries."""
+    mock_exception_cls = type("PackageException", (Exception,), {})
+    mock_session = MagicMock()
+    mock_response = MagicMock()
+    call_count = 0
+
+    def failing_init_with_session(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        nonlocal call_count
+        call_count += 1
+        self._http_session = mock_session
+        self._http_response = mock_response
+        if call_count < 2:
+            raise mock_exception_cls("502 error")
+
+    with (
+        patch.dict(
+            "sys.modules",
+            {
+                "platformio": MagicMock(),
+                "platformio.package": MagicMock(),
+                "platformio.package.download": SimpleNamespace(
+                    FileDownloader=type(
+                        "FileDownloader",
+                        (),
+                        {"__init__": failing_init_with_session},
+                    )
+                ),
+                "platformio.package.exception": SimpleNamespace(
+                    PackageException=mock_exception_cls
+                ),
+            },
+        ),
+        patch("time.sleep"),
+    ):
+        platformio_api.patch_file_downloader()
+
+        from platformio.package.download import FileDownloader
+
+        instance = object.__new__(FileDownloader)
+        FileDownloader.__init__(instance, "http://example.com/file.zip")
+
+        # Both response and session should have been closed between retries
+        mock_response.close.assert_called_once()
+        mock_session.close.assert_called_once()
+
+
+def test_patch_file_downloader_idempotent() -> None:
+    """Test patch_file_downloader does not stack wrappers when called multiple times."""
+    mock_exception_cls = type("PackageException", (Exception,), {})
+    call_count = 0
+
+    def counting_init(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        nonlocal call_count
+        call_count += 1
+
+    with patch.dict(
+        "sys.modules",
+        {
+            "platformio": MagicMock(),
+            "platformio.package": MagicMock(),
+            "platformio.package.download": SimpleNamespace(
+                FileDownloader=type("FileDownloader", (), {"__init__": counting_init})
+            ),
+            "platformio.package.exception": SimpleNamespace(
+                PackageException=mock_exception_cls
+            ),
+        },
+    ):
+        # Patch multiple times
+        platformio_api.patch_file_downloader()
+        platformio_api.patch_file_downloader()
+        platformio_api.patch_file_downloader()
+
+        from platformio.package.download import FileDownloader
+
+        instance = object.__new__(FileDownloader)
+        FileDownloader.__init__(instance, "http://example.com/file.zip")
+
+        # Should only be called once, not 3 times from stacked wrappers
+        assert call_count == 1
+
+
 def test_platformio_log_filter_allows_non_platformio_messages() -> None:
     """Test that non-platformio logger messages are allowed through."""
     log_filter = platformio_api.PlatformioLogFilter()

From 49e4ae54beb20f7de57a24274c851c13a382d0e4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 21 Feb 2026 23:22:59 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 140/609] [bme68x_bsec2] Fix compilation on ESP32 Arduino
 (#14194)

---
 esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/__init__.py           | 5 ++++-
 tests/components/bme68x_bsec2_i2c/test.esp32-ard.yaml | 4 ++++
 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/components/bme68x_bsec2_i2c/test.esp32-ard.yaml

diff --git a/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/__init__.py
index e421efb2d6..4200b2f0b8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/__init__.py
@@ -178,8 +178,11 @@ async def to_code_base(config):
     bsec2_arr = cg.progmem_array(config[CONF_RAW_DATA_ID], rhs)
     cg.add(var.set_bsec2_configuration(bsec2_arr, len(rhs)))
 
-    # Although this component does not use SPI, the BSEC2 Arduino library requires the SPI library
+    # The BSEC2 and BME68x Arduino libraries unconditionally include Wire.h and
+    # SPI.h in their source files, so these libraries must be available even though
+    # ESPHome uses its own I2C/SPI abstractions instead of the Arduino ones.
     if core.CORE.using_arduino:
+        cg.add_library("Wire", None)
         cg.add_library("SPI", None)
     cg.add_library(
         "BME68x Sensor library",
diff --git a/tests/components/bme68x_bsec2_i2c/test.esp32-ard.yaml b/tests/components/bme68x_bsec2_i2c/test.esp32-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7c503b0ccb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/bme68x_bsec2_i2c/test.esp32-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-ard.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml

From e013b4867519c44b570fd6cf05872a7324845009 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Edward Firmo <94725493+edwardtfn@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 22 Feb 2026 06:44:06 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 141/609] [nextion] Add error log for failed HTTP status during
 TFT upload (#14190)

---
 esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_arduino.cpp | 1 +
 esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_esp32.cpp   | 1 +
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_arduino.cpp b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_arduino.cpp
index 220c75f9d3..a433eff883 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_arduino.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_arduino.cpp
@@ -220,6 +220,7 @@ bool Nextion::upload_tft(uint32_t baud_rate, bool exit_reparse) {
   }
 
   if (code != 200 and code != 206) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "HTTP request failed with status %d", code);
     return this->upload_end_(false);
   }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_esp32.cpp
index c4e6ff7182..46352afd75 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_esp32.cpp
@@ -238,6 +238,7 @@ bool Nextion::upload_tft(uint32_t baud_rate, bool exit_reparse) {
            esp_get_free_heap_size());
   int status_code = esp_http_client_get_status_code(http_client);
   if (status_code != 200 && status_code != 206) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "HTTP request failed with status %d", status_code);
     return this->upload_end_(false);
   }
 

From 1753074eef3ea117dff2cb02995330227b242379 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Feb 2026 15:01:07 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 142/609] [web_server_base] Remove unnecessary Component
 inheritance and modernize (#14204)

---
 esphome/components/web_server_base/__init__.py |  3 +--
 .../web_server_base/web_server_base.cpp        | 18 ++----------------
 .../web_server_base/web_server_base.h          | 18 +++++++-----------
 3 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/web_server_base/__init__.py
index 7986ac964d..183b907ae6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server_base/__init__.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ def AUTO_LOAD():
 
 
 web_server_base_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("web_server_base")
-WebServerBase = web_server_base_ns.class_("WebServerBase", cg.Component)
+WebServerBase = web_server_base_ns.class_("WebServerBase")
 
 CONF_WEB_SERVER_BASE_ID = "web_server_base_id"
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.WEB_SERVER_BASE)
 async def to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    await cg.register_component(var, config)
     cg.add(cg.RawExpression(f"{web_server_base_ns}::global_web_server_base = {var}"))
 
     if CORE.is_esp32:
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server_base/web_server_base.cpp b/esphome/components/web_server_base/web_server_base.cpp
index 6e7097338c..dbbcd10d8d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server_base/web_server_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server_base/web_server_base.cpp
@@ -1,19 +1,11 @@
 #include "web_server_base.h"
 #ifdef USE_NETWORK
-#include "esphome/core/application.h"
-#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
-#include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace web_server_base {
-
-static const char *const TAG = "web_server_base";
+namespace esphome::web_server_base {
 
 WebServerBase *global_web_server_base = nullptr;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
 void WebServerBase::add_handler(AsyncWebHandler *handler) {
-  // remove all handlers
-
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH
   if (!credentials_.username.empty()) {
     handler = new internal::AuthMiddlewareHandler(handler, &credentials_);
@@ -25,11 +17,5 @@ void WebServerBase::add_handler(AsyncWebHandler *handler) {
   }
 }
 
-float WebServerBase::get_setup_priority() const {
-  // Before WiFi (captive portal)
-  return setup_priority::WIFI + 2.0f;
-}
-
-}  // namespace web_server_base
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::web_server_base
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server_base/web_server_base.h b/esphome/components/web_server_base/web_server_base.h
index 0c25467f1b..54421c851e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server_base/web_server_base.h
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server_base/web_server_base.h
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 #pragma once
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #ifdef USE_NETWORK
-#include <memory>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/progmem.h"
 
 #if USE_ESP32
@@ -21,8 +19,7 @@ using PlatformString = std::string;
 using PlatformString = String;
 #endif
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace web_server_base {
+namespace esphome::web_server_base {
 
 class WebServerBase;
 extern WebServerBase *global_web_server_base;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
@@ -91,14 +88,14 @@ class AuthMiddlewareHandler : public MiddlewareHandler {
 
 }  // namespace internal
 
-class WebServerBase : public Component {
+class WebServerBase {
  public:
   void init() {
     if (this->initialized_) {
       this->initialized_++;
       return;
     }
-    this->server_ = std::make_unique<AsyncWebServer>(this->port_);
+    this->server_ = new AsyncWebServer(this->port_);
     // All content is controlled and created by user - so allowing all origins is fine here.
     // NOTE: Currently 1 header. If more are added, update in __init__.py:
     //   cg.add_define("WEB_SERVER_DEFAULT_HEADERS_COUNT", 1)
@@ -113,11 +110,11 @@ class WebServerBase : public Component {
   void deinit() {
     this->initialized_--;
     if (this->initialized_ == 0) {
+      delete this->server_;
       this->server_ = nullptr;
     }
   }
-  AsyncWebServer *get_server() const { return this->server_.get(); }
-  float get_setup_priority() const override;
+  AsyncWebServer *get_server() const { return this->server_; }
 
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH
   void set_auth_username(std::string auth_username) { credentials_.username = std::move(auth_username); }
@@ -132,13 +129,12 @@ class WebServerBase : public Component {
  protected:
   int initialized_{0};
   uint16_t port_{80};
-  std::unique_ptr<AsyncWebServer> server_{nullptr};
+  AsyncWebServer *server_{nullptr};
   std::vector<AsyncWebHandler *> handlers_;
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH
   internal::Credentials credentials_;
 #endif
 };
 
-}  // namespace web_server_base
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::web_server_base
 #endif

From 509f06afac19fc54b3fae2a67802771312b91133 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Feb 2026 15:56:09 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 143/609] [network] Improve IPAddress::str() deprecation
 warning with usage example (#14195)

---
 esphome/components/network/ip_address.h | 8 ++++++--
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/network/ip_address.h b/esphome/components/network/ip_address.h
index d0ac8164af..b2a2c563e2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/network/ip_address.h
+++ b/esphome/components/network/ip_address.h
@@ -61,7 +61,9 @@ struct IPAddress {
   IPAddress(const std::string &in_address) { inet_aton(in_address.c_str(), &ip_addr_); }
   IPAddress(const ip_addr_t *other_ip) { ip_addr_ = *other_ip; }
   // Remove before 2026.8.0
-  ESPDEPRECATED("Use str_to() instead. Removed in 2026.8.0", "2026.2.0")
+  ESPDEPRECATED(
+      "str() is deprecated: use 'char buf[IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE]; ip.str_to(buf);' instead. Removed in 2026.8.0",
+      "2026.2.0")
   std::string str() const {
     char buf[IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
     this->str_to(buf);
@@ -150,7 +152,9 @@ struct IPAddress {
   bool is_ip6() const { return IP_IS_V6(&ip_addr_); }
   bool is_multicast() const { return ip_addr_ismulticast(&ip_addr_); }
   // Remove before 2026.8.0
-  ESPDEPRECATED("Use str_to() instead. Removed in 2026.8.0", "2026.2.0")
+  ESPDEPRECATED(
+      "str() is deprecated: use 'char buf[IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE]; ip.str_to(buf);' instead. Removed in 2026.8.0",
+      "2026.2.0")
   std::string str() const {
     char buf[IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
     this->str_to(buf);

From ede2da2fbc167814c5598adb6d866c239a0772c8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Feb 2026 15:57:23 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 144/609] [core] Conditionally compile get_loop_priority with
 USE_LOOP_PRIORITY (#14210)

---
 esphome/components/ch422g/ch422g.cpp                   | 2 ++
 esphome/components/ch422g/ch422g.h                     | 2 ++
 esphome/components/ch423/ch423.cpp                     | 2 ++
 esphome/components/ch423/ch423.h                       | 2 ++
 esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_component.cpp | 2 ++
 esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_component.h   | 2 ++
 esphome/components/pca9554/pca9554.cpp                 | 2 ++
 esphome/components/pca9554/pca9554.h                   | 2 ++
 esphome/components/pcf8574/pcf8574.cpp                 | 2 ++
 esphome/components/pcf8574/pcf8574.h                   | 2 ++
 esphome/components/status_led/light/status_led_light.h | 2 ++
 esphome/components/status_led/status_led.cpp           | 2 ++
 esphome/components/status_led/status_led.h             | 2 ++
 esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py                    | 7 +++++++
 esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp             | 2 ++
 esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h               | 2 ++
 esphome/core/application.cpp                           | 2 ++
 esphome/core/component.cpp                             | 2 ++
 esphome/core/component.h                               | 3 +++
 esphome/core/defines.h                                 | 1 +
 20 files changed, 45 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ch422g/ch422g.cpp b/esphome/components/ch422g/ch422g.cpp
index eef95b9ba2..5f5e848c76 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ch422g/ch422g.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ch422g/ch422g.cpp
@@ -124,9 +124,11 @@ bool CH422GComponent::write_outputs_() {
 
 float CH422GComponent::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::IO; }
 
+#ifdef USE_LOOP_PRIORITY
 // Run our loop() method very early in the loop, so that we cache read values
 // before other components call our digital_read() method.
 float CH422GComponent::get_loop_priority() const { return 9.0f; }  // Just after WIFI
+#endif
 
 void CH422GGPIOPin::pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) { this->parent_->pin_mode(this->pin_, flags); }
 bool CH422GGPIOPin::digital_read() { return this->parent_->digital_read(this->pin_) ^ this->inverted_; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/ch422g/ch422g.h b/esphome/components/ch422g/ch422g.h
index 8ed63db90a..1b96568209 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ch422g/ch422g.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ch422g/ch422g.h
@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@ class CH422GComponent : public Component, public i2c::I2CDevice {
   void pin_mode(uint8_t pin, gpio::Flags flags);
 
   float get_setup_priority() const override;
+#ifdef USE_LOOP_PRIORITY
   float get_loop_priority() const override;
+#endif
   void dump_config() override;
 
  protected:
diff --git a/esphome/components/ch423/ch423.cpp b/esphome/components/ch423/ch423.cpp
index 4abbbe7adf..805d8df877 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ch423/ch423.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ch423/ch423.cpp
@@ -129,9 +129,11 @@ bool CH423Component::write_outputs_() {
 
 float CH423Component::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::IO; }
 
+#ifdef USE_LOOP_PRIORITY
 // Run our loop() method very early in the loop, so that we cache read values
 // before other components call our digital_read() method.
 float CH423Component::get_loop_priority() const { return 9.0f; }  // Just after WIFI
+#endif
 
 void CH423GPIOPin::pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) { this->parent_->pin_mode(this->pin_, flags); }
 bool CH423GPIOPin::digital_read() { return this->parent_->digital_read(this->pin_) ^ this->inverted_; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/ch423/ch423.h b/esphome/components/ch423/ch423.h
index 7adc7de6a1..d85648a8f9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ch423/ch423.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ch423/ch423.h
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@ class CH423Component : public Component, public i2c::I2CDevice {
   void pin_mode(uint8_t pin, gpio::Flags flags);
 
   float get_setup_priority() const override;
+#ifdef USE_LOOP_PRIORITY
   float get_loop_priority() const override;
+#endif
   void dump_config() override;
 
  protected:
diff --git a/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_component.cpp b/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_component.cpp
index 8066b411ff..0511518419 100644
--- a/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_component.cpp
@@ -40,9 +40,11 @@ void DeepSleepComponent::loop() {
     this->begin_sleep();
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_LOOP_PRIORITY
 float DeepSleepComponent::get_loop_priority() const {
   return -100.0f;  // run after everything else is ready
 }
+#endif
 
 void DeepSleepComponent::set_sleep_duration(uint32_t time_ms) { this->sleep_duration_ = uint64_t(time_ms) * 1000; }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_component.h b/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_component.h
index 3e6eda2257..1998b815f3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_component.h
@@ -113,7 +113,9 @@ class DeepSleepComponent : public Component {
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
   void loop() override;
+#ifdef USE_LOOP_PRIORITY
   float get_loop_priority() const override;
+#endif
   float get_setup_priority() const override;
 
   /// Helper to enter deep sleep mode
diff --git a/esphome/components/pca9554/pca9554.cpp b/esphome/components/pca9554/pca9554.cpp
index c574ce6593..d94767ef07 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pca9554/pca9554.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pca9554/pca9554.cpp
@@ -122,8 +122,10 @@ bool PCA9554Component::write_register_(uint8_t reg, uint16_t value) {
 
 float PCA9554Component::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::IO; }
 
+#ifdef USE_LOOP_PRIORITY
 // Run our loop() method early to invalidate cache before any other components access the pins
 float PCA9554Component::get_loop_priority() const { return 9.0f; }  // Just after WIFI
+#endif
 
 void PCA9554GPIOPin::setup() { pin_mode(flags_); }
 void PCA9554GPIOPin::pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) { this->parent_->pin_mode(this->pin_, flags); }
diff --git a/esphome/components/pca9554/pca9554.h b/esphome/components/pca9554/pca9554.h
index bf752e50c9..6dd15ccb4b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pca9554/pca9554.h
+++ b/esphome/components/pca9554/pca9554.h
@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@ class PCA9554Component : public Component,
 
   float get_setup_priority() const override;
 
+#ifdef USE_LOOP_PRIORITY
   float get_loop_priority() const override;
+#endif
 
   void dump_config() override;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/pcf8574/pcf8574.cpp b/esphome/components/pcf8574/pcf8574.cpp
index b7d3848f0e..fa9496e7e4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pcf8574/pcf8574.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pcf8574/pcf8574.cpp
@@ -99,8 +99,10 @@ bool PCF8574Component::write_gpio_() {
 }
 float PCF8574Component::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::IO; }
 
+#ifdef USE_LOOP_PRIORITY
 // Run our loop() method early to invalidate cache before any other components access the pins
 float PCF8574Component::get_loop_priority() const { return 9.0f; }  // Just after WIFI
+#endif
 
 void PCF8574GPIOPin::setup() { pin_mode(flags_); }
 void PCF8574GPIOPin::pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) { this->parent_->pin_mode(this->pin_, flags); }
diff --git a/esphome/components/pcf8574/pcf8574.h b/esphome/components/pcf8574/pcf8574.h
index 5203030142..23bccc26c9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pcf8574/pcf8574.h
+++ b/esphome/components/pcf8574/pcf8574.h
@@ -26,7 +26,9 @@ class PCF8574Component : public Component,
   void pin_mode(uint8_t pin, gpio::Flags flags);
 
   float get_setup_priority() const override;
+#ifdef USE_LOOP_PRIORITY
   float get_loop_priority() const override;
+#endif
 
   void dump_config() override;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/status_led/light/status_led_light.h b/esphome/components/status_led/light/status_led_light.h
index bfa144526a..a5c98d90d4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/status_led/light/status_led_light.h
+++ b/esphome/components/status_led/light/status_led_light.h
@@ -30,7 +30,9 @@ class StatusLEDLightOutput : public light::LightOutput, public Component {
   void dump_config() override;
 
   float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
+#ifdef USE_LOOP_PRIORITY
   float get_loop_priority() const override { return 50.0f; }
+#endif
 
  protected:
   GPIOPin *pin_{nullptr};
diff --git a/esphome/components/status_led/status_led.cpp b/esphome/components/status_led/status_led.cpp
index 344c1e3070..93a8d4b38e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/status_led/status_led.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/status_led/status_led.cpp
@@ -28,7 +28,9 @@ void StatusLED::loop() {
   }
 }
 float StatusLED::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
+#ifdef USE_LOOP_PRIORITY
 float StatusLED::get_loop_priority() const { return 50.0f; }
+#endif
 
 }  // namespace status_led
 }  // namespace esphome
diff --git a/esphome/components/status_led/status_led.h b/esphome/components/status_led/status_led.h
index 490557f3e7..f262eb260c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/status_led/status_led.h
+++ b/esphome/components/status_led/status_led.h
@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ class StatusLED : public Component {
   void dump_config() override;
   void loop() override;
   float get_setup_priority() const override;
+#ifdef USE_LOOP_PRIORITY
   float get_loop_priority() const override;
+#endif
 
  protected:
   GPIOPin *pin_;
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py b/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
index 540d0a0ab1..8c1deb6217 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
@@ -536,6 +536,13 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add_library("ESP8266WiFi", None)
     elif CORE.is_rp2040:
         cg.add_library("WiFi", None)
+        # RP2040's mDNS library (LEAmDNS) relies on LwipIntf::stateUpCB() to restart
+        # mDNS when the network interface reconnects. However, this callback is disabled
+        # in the arduino-pico framework. As a workaround, we block component setup until
+        # WiFi is connected via can_proceed(), ensuring mDNS.begin() is called with an
+        # active connection. This define enables the loop priority sorting infrastructure
+        # used during the setup blocking phase.
+        cg.add_define("USE_LOOP_PRIORITY")
 
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         if config[CONF_ENABLE_BTM] or config[CONF_ENABLE_RRM]:
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
index 8b3060c7c3..d5d0419395 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
@@ -968,9 +968,11 @@ void WiFiComponent::set_ap(const WiFiAP &ap) {
 }
 #endif  // USE_WIFI_AP
 
+#ifdef USE_LOOP_PRIORITY
 float WiFiComponent::get_loop_priority() const {
   return 10.0f;  // before other loop components
 }
+#endif
 
 void WiFiComponent::init_sta(size_t count) { this->sta_.init(count); }
 void WiFiComponent::add_sta(const WiFiAP &ap) { this->sta_.push_back(ap); }
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
index 5f903e092a..984930c80c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
@@ -458,7 +458,9 @@ class WiFiComponent : public Component {
   void restart_adapter();
   /// WIFI setup_priority.
   float get_setup_priority() const override;
+#ifdef USE_LOOP_PRIORITY
   float get_loop_priority() const override;
+#endif
 
   /// Reconnect WiFi if required.
   void loop() override;
diff --git a/esphome/core/application.cpp b/esphome/core/application.cpp
index b216233f9b..c6597897dc 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/application.cpp
@@ -109,9 +109,11 @@ void Application::setup() {
     if (component->can_proceed())
       continue;
 
+#ifdef USE_LOOP_PRIORITY
     // Sort components 0 through i by loop priority
     insertion_sort_by_priority<decltype(this->components_.begin()), &Component::get_loop_priority>(
         this->components_.begin(), this->components_.begin() + i + 1);
+#endif
 
     do {
       uint8_t new_app_state = STATUS_LED_WARNING;
diff --git a/esphome/core/component.cpp b/esphome/core/component.cpp
index b458ea2a84..b4a19a0776 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/component.cpp
@@ -85,7 +85,9 @@ void store_component_error_message(const Component *component, const char *messa
 static constexpr uint16_t WARN_IF_BLOCKING_INCREMENT_MS =
     10U;  ///< How long the blocking time must be larger to warn again
 
+#ifdef USE_LOOP_PRIORITY
 float Component::get_loop_priority() const { return 0.0f; }
+#endif
 
 float Component::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::DATA; }
 
diff --git a/esphome/core/component.h b/esphome/core/component.h
index b99641a275..7ea9fdf3b3 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component.h
+++ b/esphome/core/component.h
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include <functional>
 #include <string>
 
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/optional.h"
@@ -117,7 +118,9 @@ class Component {
    *
    * @return The loop priority of this component
    */
+#ifdef USE_LOOP_PRIORITY
   virtual float get_loop_priority() const;
+#endif
 
   void call();
 
diff --git a/esphome/core/defines.h b/esphome/core/defines.h
index 5109dd36f4..02335e2745 100644
--- a/esphome/core/defines.h
+++ b/esphome/core/defines.h
@@ -312,6 +312,7 @@
 
 #ifdef USE_RP2040
 #define USE_ARDUINO_VERSION_CODE VERSION_CODE(3, 3, 0)
+#define USE_LOOP_PRIORITY
 #define USE_HTTP_REQUEST_RESPONSE
 #define USE_I2C
 #define USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC

From ee1f52132573ab5498eaa566d3289d1103a4a186 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Feb 2026 16:59:54 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 145/609] [http_request] Replace std::list<Header> with
 std::vector in perform() chain (#14027)

---
 .../components/http_request/http_request.h    | 89 +++++++++++++++----
 .../http_request/http_request_arduino.cpp     |  2 +-
 .../http_request/http_request_arduino.h       |  2 +-
 .../http_request/http_request_host.cpp        |  2 +-
 .../http_request/http_request_host.h          |  2 +-
 .../http_request/http_request_idf.cpp         |  2 +-
 .../http_request/http_request_idf.h           |  2 +-
 .../components/online_image/online_image.cpp  |  2 +-
 8 files changed, 79 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request.h b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request.h
index 2b2d05c63f..8bdea470b5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request.h
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request.h
@@ -330,38 +330,72 @@ class HttpRequestComponent : public Component {
   void set_follow_redirects(bool follow_redirects) { this->follow_redirects_ = follow_redirects; }
   void set_redirect_limit(uint16_t limit) { this->redirect_limit_ = limit; }
 
-  std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> get(const std::string &url) { return this->start(url, "GET", "", {}); }
-  std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> get(const std::string &url, const std::list<Header> &request_headers) {
+  std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> get(const std::string &url) {
+    return this->start(url, "GET", "", std::vector<Header>{});
+  }
+  std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> get(const std::string &url, const std::vector<Header> &request_headers) {
     return this->start(url, "GET", "", request_headers);
   }
-  std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> get(const std::string &url, const std::list<Header> &request_headers,
+  std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> get(const std::string &url, const std::vector<Header> &request_headers,
                                      const std::vector<std::string> &lower_case_collect_headers) {
     return this->start(url, "GET", "", request_headers, lower_case_collect_headers);
   }
   std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> post(const std::string &url, const std::string &body) {
-    return this->start(url, "POST", body, {});
+    return this->start(url, "POST", body, std::vector<Header>{});
   }
   std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> post(const std::string &url, const std::string &body,
-                                      const std::list<Header> &request_headers) {
+                                      const std::vector<Header> &request_headers) {
     return this->start(url, "POST", body, request_headers);
   }
   std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> post(const std::string &url, const std::string &body,
-                                      const std::list<Header> &request_headers,
+                                      const std::vector<Header> &request_headers,
                                       const std::vector<std::string> &lower_case_collect_headers) {
     return this->start(url, "POST", body, request_headers, lower_case_collect_headers);
   }
 
+  // Remove before 2027.1.0
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Pass request_headers as std::vector<Header> instead of std::list. Removed in 2027.1.0.", "2026.7.0")
+  std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> get(const std::string &url, const std::list<Header> &request_headers) {
+    return this->get(url, std::vector<Header>(request_headers.begin(), request_headers.end()));
+  }
+  // Remove before 2027.1.0
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Pass request_headers as std::vector<Header> instead of std::list. Removed in 2027.1.0.", "2026.7.0")
+  std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> get(const std::string &url, const std::list<Header> &request_headers,
+                                     const std::vector<std::string> &collect_headers) {
+    return this->get(url, std::vector<Header>(request_headers.begin(), request_headers.end()), collect_headers);
+  }
+  // Remove before 2027.1.0
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Pass request_headers as std::vector<Header> instead of std::list. Removed in 2027.1.0.", "2026.7.0")
+  std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> post(const std::string &url, const std::string &body,
+                                      const std::list<Header> &request_headers) {
+    return this->post(url, body, std::vector<Header>(request_headers.begin(), request_headers.end()));
+  }
+  // Remove before 2027.1.0
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Pass request_headers as std::vector<Header> instead of std::list. Removed in 2027.1.0.", "2026.7.0")
+  std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> post(const std::string &url, const std::string &body,
+                                      const std::list<Header> &request_headers,
+                                      const std::vector<std::string> &collect_headers) {
+    return this->post(url, body, std::vector<Header>(request_headers.begin(), request_headers.end()), collect_headers);
+  }
+
+  std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> start(const std::string &url, const std::string &method, const std::string &body,
+                                       const std::vector<Header> &request_headers) {
+    // Call perform() directly to avoid ambiguity with the deprecated overloads
+    return this->perform(url, method, body, request_headers, {});
+  }
+
+  // Remove before 2027.1.0
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Pass request_headers as std::vector<Header> instead of std::list. Removed in 2027.1.0.", "2026.7.0")
   std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> start(const std::string &url, const std::string &method, const std::string &body,
                                        const std::list<Header> &request_headers) {
-    // Call perform() directly to avoid ambiguity with the std::set overload
-    return this->perform(url, method, body, request_headers, {});
+    return this->start(url, method, body, std::vector<Header>(request_headers.begin(), request_headers.end()));
   }
 
   // Remove before 2027.1.0
   ESPDEPRECATED("Pass collect_headers as std::vector<std::string> instead of std::set. Removed in 2027.1.0.",
                 "2026.7.0")
   std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> start(const std::string &url, const std::string &method, const std::string &body,
-                                       const std::list<Header> &request_headers,
+                                       const std::vector<Header> &request_headers,
                                        const std::set<std::string> &collect_headers) {
     std::vector<std::string> lower;
     lower.reserve(collect_headers.size());
@@ -371,15 +405,39 @@ class HttpRequestComponent : public Component {
     return this->perform(url, method, body, request_headers, lower);
   }
 
+  // Remove before 2027.1.0
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Pass request_headers as std::vector<Header> instead of std::list, and collect_headers as "
+                "std::vector<std::string> instead of std::set. Removed in 2027.1.0.",
+                "2026.7.0")
   std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> start(const std::string &url, const std::string &method, const std::string &body,
                                        const std::list<Header> &request_headers,
+                                       const std::set<std::string> &collect_headers) {
+    std::vector<std::string> lower;
+    lower.reserve(collect_headers.size());
+    for (const auto &h : collect_headers) {
+      lower.push_back(str_lower_case(h));
+    }
+    return this->perform(url, method, body, std::vector<Header>(request_headers.begin(), request_headers.end()), lower);
+  }
+
+  // Remove before 2027.1.0
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Pass request_headers as std::vector<Header> instead of std::list. Removed in 2027.1.0.", "2026.7.0")
+  std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> start(const std::string &url, const std::string &method, const std::string &body,
+                                       const std::list<Header> &request_headers,
+                                       const std::vector<std::string> &lower_case_collect_headers) {
+    return this->perform(url, method, body, std::vector<Header>(request_headers.begin(), request_headers.end()),
+                         lower_case_collect_headers);
+  }
+
+  std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> start(const std::string &url, const std::string &method, const std::string &body,
+                                       const std::vector<Header> &request_headers,
                                        const std::vector<std::string> &lower_case_collect_headers) {
     return this->perform(url, method, body, request_headers, lower_case_collect_headers);
   }
 
  protected:
   virtual std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> perform(const std::string &url, const std::string &method,
-                                                 const std::string &body, const std::list<Header> &request_headers,
+                                                 const std::string &body, const std::vector<Header> &request_headers,
                                                  const std::vector<std::string> &lower_case_collect_headers) = 0;
   const char *useragent_{nullptr};
   bool follow_redirects_{};
@@ -436,13 +494,10 @@ template<typename... Ts> class HttpRequestSendAction : public Action<Ts...> {
       auto f = std::bind(&HttpRequestSendAction<Ts...>::encode_json_func_, this, x..., std::placeholders::_1);
       body = json::build_json(f);
     }
-    std::list<Header> request_headers;
-    for (const auto &item : this->request_headers_) {
-      auto val = item.second;
-      Header header;
-      header.name = item.first;
-      header.value = val.value(x...);
-      request_headers.push_back(header);
+    std::vector<Header> request_headers;
+    request_headers.reserve(this->request_headers_.size());
+    for (const auto &[key, val] : this->request_headers_) {
+      request_headers.push_back({key, val.value(x...)});
     }
 
     auto container = this->parent_->start(this->url_.value(x...), this->method_.value(x...), body, request_headers,
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.cpp b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.cpp
index 3f60b76b58..56b51e8b5a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.cpp
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ static constexpr int ESP8266_SSL_ERR_OOM = -1000;
 
 std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestArduino::perform(const std::string &url, const std::string &method,
                                                            const std::string &body,
-                                                           const std::list<Header> &request_headers,
+                                                           const std::vector<Header> &request_headers,
                                                            const std::vector<std::string> &lower_case_collect_headers) {
   if (!network::is_connected()) {
     this->status_momentary_error("failed", 1000);
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.h b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.h
index dbd61de364..d5ce5c0ff3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.h
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.h
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class HttpContainerArduino : public HttpContainer {
 class HttpRequestArduino : public HttpRequestComponent {
  protected:
   std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> perform(const std::string &url, const std::string &method, const std::string &body,
-                                         const std::list<Header> &request_headers,
+                                         const std::vector<Header> &request_headers,
                                          const std::vector<std::string> &lower_case_collect_headers) override;
 };
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_host.cpp b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_host.cpp
index 714a73fc31..60ab4d68a0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_host.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_host.cpp
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ static const char *const TAG = "http_request.host";
 
 std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestHost::perform(const std::string &url, const std::string &method,
                                                         const std::string &body,
-                                                        const std::list<Header> &request_headers,
+                                                        const std::vector<Header> &request_headers,
                                                         const std::vector<std::string> &lower_case_collect_headers) {
   if (!network::is_connected()) {
     this->status_momentary_error("failed", 1000);
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_host.h b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_host.h
index 79f5b7e817..52be0e8a16 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_host.h
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_host.h
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class HttpContainerHost : public HttpContainer {
 class HttpRequestHost : public HttpRequestComponent {
  public:
   std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> perform(const std::string &url, const std::string &method, const std::string &body,
-                                         const std::list<Header> &request_headers,
+                                         const std::vector<Header> &request_headers,
                                          const std::vector<std::string> &lower_case_collect_headers) override;
   void set_ca_path(const char *ca_path) { this->ca_path_ = ca_path; }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.cpp
index 0921c50b9f..dda61e2400 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.cpp
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ esp_err_t HttpRequestIDF::http_event_handler(esp_http_client_event_t *evt) {
 
 std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestIDF::perform(const std::string &url, const std::string &method,
                                                        const std::string &body,
-                                                       const std::list<Header> &request_headers,
+                                                       const std::vector<Header> &request_headers,
                                                        const std::vector<std::string> &lower_case_collect_headers) {
   if (!network::is_connected()) {
     this->status_momentary_error("failed", 1000);
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.h b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.h
index 9206ba6f5d..9ed1a97b1a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.h
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.h
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class HttpRequestIDF : public HttpRequestComponent {
 
  protected:
   std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> perform(const std::string &url, const std::string &method, const std::string &body,
-                                         const std::list<Header> &request_headers,
+                                         const std::vector<Header> &request_headers,
                                          const std::vector<std::string> &lower_case_collect_headers) override;
   // if zero ESP-IDF will use DEFAULT_HTTP_BUF_SIZE
   uint16_t buffer_size_rx_{};
diff --git a/esphome/components/online_image/online_image.cpp b/esphome/components/online_image/online_image.cpp
index 6f5b82116d..da866599c9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/online_image/online_image.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/online_image/online_image.cpp
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ void OnlineImage::update() {
 
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Updating image from %s", this->url_.c_str());
 
-  std::list<http_request::Header> headers;
+  std::vector<http_request::Header> headers;
 
   // Add caching headers if we have them
   if (!this->etag_.empty()) {

From 5fddce6638f47c296e1267bbeeadaf677277d635 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Feb 2026 17:02:05 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 146/609] [logger] Make tx_buffer_ compile-time sized (#14205)

---
 esphome/components/logger/__init__.py      | 3 ++-
 esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp       | 7 ++-----
 esphome/components/logger/logger.h         | 9 +++++----
 esphome/components/logger/logger_esp32.cpp | 6 +++---
 esphome/components/logger/logger_host.cpp  | 4 ++--
 esphome/core/defines.h                     | 1 +
 tests/dummy_main.cpp                       | 2 +-
 7 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py b/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
index c8f3c52911..264197c175 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
@@ -329,10 +329,11 @@ async def to_code(config):
     level = config[CONF_LEVEL]
     CORE.data.setdefault(CONF_LOGGER, {})[CONF_LEVEL] = level
     initial_level = LOG_LEVELS[config.get(CONF_INITIAL_LEVEL, level)]
+    tx_buffer_size = config[CONF_TX_BUFFER_SIZE]
+    cg.add_define("ESPHOME_LOGGER_TX_BUFFER_SIZE", tx_buffer_size)
     log = cg.new_Pvariable(
         config[CONF_ID],
         baud_rate,
-        config[CONF_TX_BUFFER_SIZE],
     )
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         cg.add(log.create_pthread_key())
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp b/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp
index 22a95e4835..497809cd2e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp
@@ -152,10 +152,7 @@ inline uint8_t Logger::level_for(const char *tag) {
   return this->current_level_;
 }
 
-Logger::Logger(uint32_t baud_rate, size_t tx_buffer_size) : baud_rate_(baud_rate), tx_buffer_size_(tx_buffer_size) {
-  // add 1 to buffer size for null terminator
-  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory) - allocated once, never freed
-  this->tx_buffer_ = new char[this->tx_buffer_size_ + 1];
+Logger::Logger(uint32_t baud_rate) : baud_rate_(baud_rate) {
 #if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
   this->main_task_ = xTaskGetCurrentTaskHandle();
 #elif defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
@@ -196,7 +193,7 @@ void Logger::process_messages_() {
     uint16_t text_length;
     while (this->log_buffer_->borrow_message_main_loop(message, text_length)) {
       const char *thread_name = message->thread_name[0] != '\0' ? message->thread_name : nullptr;
-      LogBuffer buf{this->tx_buffer_, this->tx_buffer_size_};
+      LogBuffer buf{this->tx_buffer_, ESPHOME_LOGGER_TX_BUFFER_SIZE};
       this->format_buffered_message_and_notify_(message->level, message->tag, message->line, thread_name,
                                                 message->text_data(), text_length, buf);
       // Release the message to allow other tasks to use it as soon as possible
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/logger.h b/esphome/components/logger/logger.h
index 8bf1edebb8..90722ee79c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/logger.h
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/logger.h
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ enum UARTSelection : uint8_t {
  */
 class Logger : public Component {
  public:
-  explicit Logger(uint32_t baud_rate, size_t tx_buffer_size);
+  explicit Logger(uint32_t baud_rate);
 #ifdef USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
   void init_log_buffer(size_t total_buffer_size);
 #endif
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ class Logger : public Component {
   inline void HOT log_message_to_buffer_and_send_(bool &recursion_guard, uint8_t level, const char *tag, int line,
                                                   FormatType format, va_list args, const char *thread_name) {
     RecursionGuard guard(recursion_guard);
-    LogBuffer buf{this->tx_buffer_, this->tx_buffer_size_};
+    LogBuffer buf{this->tx_buffer_, ESPHOME_LOGGER_TX_BUFFER_SIZE};
 #ifdef USE_STORE_LOG_STR_IN_FLASH
     if constexpr (std::is_same_v<FormatType, const __FlashStringHelper *>) {
       this->format_log_to_buffer_with_terminator_P_(level, tag, line, format, args, buf);
@@ -312,7 +312,6 @@ class Logger : public Component {
 
   // Group 4-byte aligned members first
   uint32_t baud_rate_;
-  char *tx_buffer_{nullptr};
 #if defined(USE_ARDUINO) && !defined(USE_ESP32)
   Stream *hw_serial_{nullptr};
 #endif
@@ -354,7 +353,6 @@ class Logger : public Component {
 #endif
 
   // Group smaller types together at the end
-  uint16_t tx_buffer_size_{0};
   uint8_t current_level_{ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERY_VERBOSE};
 #if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040) || defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
   UARTSelection uart_{UART_SELECTION_UART0};
@@ -371,6 +369,9 @@ class Logger : public Component {
   bool global_recursion_guard_{false};  // Simple global recursion guard for single-task platforms
 #endif
 
+  // Large buffer placed last to keep frequently-accessed member offsets small
+  char tx_buffer_[ESPHOME_LOGGER_TX_BUFFER_SIZE + 1];  // +1 for null terminator
+
   // --- get_thread_name_ overloads (per-platform) ---
 
 #if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/logger_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/logger/logger_esp32.cpp
index 9d64771aec..d6ad77ff4f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/logger_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/logger_esp32.cpp
@@ -89,16 +89,16 @@ void Logger::pre_setup() {
     switch (this->uart_) {
       case UART_SELECTION_UART0:
         this->uart_num_ = UART_NUM_0;
-        init_uart(this->uart_num_, baud_rate_, tx_buffer_size_);
+        init_uart(this->uart_num_, baud_rate_, ESPHOME_LOGGER_TX_BUFFER_SIZE);
         break;
       case UART_SELECTION_UART1:
         this->uart_num_ = UART_NUM_1;
-        init_uart(this->uart_num_, baud_rate_, tx_buffer_size_);
+        init_uart(this->uart_num_, baud_rate_, ESPHOME_LOGGER_TX_BUFFER_SIZE);
         break;
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32
       case UART_SELECTION_UART2:
         this->uart_num_ = UART_NUM_2;
-        init_uart(this->uart_num_, baud_rate_, tx_buffer_size_);
+        init_uart(this->uart_num_, baud_rate_, ESPHOME_LOGGER_TX_BUFFER_SIZE);
         break;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/logger_host.cpp b/esphome/components/logger/logger_host.cpp
index be12b6df6a..fe094f6e9e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/logger_host.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/logger_host.cpp
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ namespace esphome::logger {
 
 void HOT Logger::write_msg_(const char *msg, uint16_t len) {
   static constexpr size_t TIMESTAMP_LEN = 10;  // "[HH:MM:SS]"
-  // tx_buffer_size_ defaults to 512, so 768 covers default + headroom
-  char buffer[TIMESTAMP_LEN + 768];
+  static constexpr size_t HEADROOM = 128;      // Extra space for ANSI codes, newline, etc.
+  char buffer[TIMESTAMP_LEN + ESPHOME_LOGGER_TX_BUFFER_SIZE + HEADROOM];
 
   time_t rawtime;
   time(&rawtime);
diff --git a/esphome/core/defines.h b/esphome/core/defines.h
index 02335e2745..1128df94f0 100644
--- a/esphome/core/defines.h
+++ b/esphome/core/defines.h
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 
 // logger
 #define ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERY_VERBOSE
+#define ESPHOME_LOGGER_TX_BUFFER_SIZE 512
 #define USE_LOG_LISTENERS
 #define ESPHOME_LOG_MAX_LISTENERS 8
 
diff --git a/tests/dummy_main.cpp b/tests/dummy_main.cpp
index e6fe733807..52f1fbd319 100644
--- a/tests/dummy_main.cpp
+++ b/tests/dummy_main.cpp
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ using namespace esphome;
 
 void setup() {
   App.pre_setup("livingroom", "LivingRoom", false);
-  auto *log = new logger::Logger(115200, 512);  // NOLINT
+  auto *log = new logger::Logger(115200);  // NOLINT
   log->pre_setup();
   log->set_uart_selection(logger::UART_SELECTION_UART0);
   App.register_component(log);

From b539a5aa51e08db837d30be5310b917fa61f631b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Feb 2026 17:07:56 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 147/609] [water_heater] Fix device_id missing from state
 responses (#14212)

---
 esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp     |   3 +-
 .../fixtures/device_id_in_state.yaml          | 115 ++++++++++++
 tests/integration/test_device_id_in_state.py  | 173 ++++++++++++------
 3 files changed, 232 insertions(+), 59 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
index 9fc263abbd..7bc9c45c05 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
@@ -1346,9 +1346,8 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_water_heater_state(EntityBase *entity, APIConne
   resp.target_temperature_low = wh->get_target_temperature_low();
   resp.target_temperature_high = wh->get_target_temperature_high();
   resp.state = wh->get_state();
-  resp.key = wh->get_object_id_hash();
 
-  return encode_message_to_buffer(resp, WaterHeaterStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(wh, resp, WaterHeaterStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_water_heater_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
   auto *wh = static_cast<water_heater::WaterHeater *>(entity);
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/device_id_in_state.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/device_id_in_state.yaml
index c8548617b8..a5dfb7ee45 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/device_id_in_state.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/device_id_in_state.yaml
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ sensor:
 
 binary_sensor:
   - platform: template
+    id: motion_detected
     name: Motion Detected
     device_id: motion_sensor
     lambda: return true;
@@ -82,3 +83,117 @@ output:
     write_action:
       - lambda: |-
           ESP_LOGD("test", "Light output: %d", state);
+
+cover:
+  - platform: template
+    name: Garage Door
+    device_id: motion_sensor
+    optimistic: true
+
+fan:
+  - platform: template
+    name: Ceiling Fan
+    device_id: humidity_monitor
+    speed_count: 3
+    has_oscillating: false
+    has_direction: false
+
+lock:
+  - platform: template
+    name: Front Door Lock
+    device_id: motion_sensor
+    optimistic: true
+
+number:
+  - platform: template
+    name: Target Temperature
+    device_id: temperature_monitor
+    optimistic: true
+    min_value: 0
+    max_value: 100
+    step: 1
+
+select:
+  - platform: template
+    name: Mode Select
+    device_id: humidity_monitor
+    optimistic: true
+    options:
+      - "Auto"
+      - "Manual"
+
+text:
+  - platform: template
+    name: Device Label
+    device_id: temperature_monitor
+    optimistic: true
+    mode: text
+
+valve:
+  - platform: template
+    name: Water Valve
+    device_id: humidity_monitor
+    optimistic: true
+
+globals:
+  - id: global_away
+    type: bool
+    initial_value: "false"
+  - id: global_is_on
+    type: bool
+    initial_value: "true"
+
+water_heater:
+  - platform: template
+    name: Test Boiler
+    device_id: temperature_monitor
+    optimistic: true
+    current_temperature: !lambda "return 45.0f;"
+    target_temperature: !lambda "return 60.0f;"
+    away: !lambda "return id(global_away);"
+    is_on: !lambda "return id(global_is_on);"
+    supported_modes:
+      - "off"
+      - electric
+    visual:
+      min_temperature: 30.0
+      max_temperature: 85.0
+      target_temperature_step: 0.5
+    set_action:
+      - lambda: |-
+          ESP_LOGD("test", "Water heater set");
+
+alarm_control_panel:
+  - platform: template
+    name: House Alarm
+    device_id: motion_sensor
+    codes:
+      - "1234"
+    restore_mode: ALWAYS_DISARMED
+    binary_sensors:
+      - input: motion_detected
+
+datetime:
+  - platform: template
+    name: Schedule Date
+    device_id: temperature_monitor
+    type: date
+    optimistic: true
+  - platform: template
+    name: Schedule Time
+    device_id: humidity_monitor
+    type: time
+    optimistic: true
+  - platform: template
+    name: Schedule DateTime
+    device_id: motion_sensor
+    type: datetime
+    optimistic: true
+
+event:
+  - platform: template
+    name: Doorbell
+    device_id: motion_sensor
+    event_types:
+      - "press"
+      - "double_press"
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_device_id_in_state.py b/tests/integration/test_device_id_in_state.py
index 51088bcbf7..48de94a85a 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_device_id_in_state.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_device_id_in_state.py
@@ -4,11 +4,80 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import asyncio
 
-from aioesphomeapi import BinarySensorState, EntityState, SensorState, TextSensorState
+from aioesphomeapi import (
+    AlarmControlPanelEntityState,
+    BinarySensorState,
+    CoverState,
+    DateState,
+    DateTimeState,
+    EntityState,
+    FanState,
+    LightState,
+    LockEntityState,
+    NumberState,
+    SelectState,
+    SensorState,
+    SwitchState,
+    TextSensorState,
+    TextState,
+    TimeState,
+    ValveState,
+    WaterHeaterState,
+)
 import pytest
 
 from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
 
+# Mapping of entity name to device name for all entities with device_id
+ENTITY_TO_DEVICE = {
+    # Original entities
+    "Temperature": "Temperature Monitor",
+    "Humidity": "Humidity Monitor",
+    "Motion Detected": "Motion Sensor",
+    "Temperature Monitor Power": "Temperature Monitor",
+    "Temperature Status": "Temperature Monitor",
+    "Motion Light": "Motion Sensor",
+    # New entity types
+    "Garage Door": "Motion Sensor",
+    "Ceiling Fan": "Humidity Monitor",
+    "Front Door Lock": "Motion Sensor",
+    "Target Temperature": "Temperature Monitor",
+    "Mode Select": "Humidity Monitor",
+    "Device Label": "Temperature Monitor",
+    "Water Valve": "Humidity Monitor",
+    "Test Boiler": "Temperature Monitor",
+    "House Alarm": "Motion Sensor",
+    "Schedule Date": "Temperature Monitor",
+    "Schedule Time": "Humidity Monitor",
+    "Schedule DateTime": "Motion Sensor",
+    "Doorbell": "Motion Sensor",
+}
+
+# Entities without device_id (should have device_id 0)
+NO_DEVICE_ENTITIES = {"No Device Sensor"}
+
+# State types that should have non-zero device_id, mapped by their aioesphomeapi class
+EXPECTED_STATE_TYPES = [
+    (SensorState, "sensor"),
+    (BinarySensorState, "binary_sensor"),
+    (SwitchState, "switch"),
+    (TextSensorState, "text_sensor"),
+    (LightState, "light"),
+    (CoverState, "cover"),
+    (FanState, "fan"),
+    (LockEntityState, "lock"),
+    (NumberState, "number"),
+    (SelectState, "select"),
+    (TextState, "text"),
+    (ValveState, "valve"),
+    (WaterHeaterState, "water_heater"),
+    (AlarmControlPanelEntityState, "alarm_control_panel"),
+    (DateState, "date"),
+    (TimeState, "time"),
+    (DateTimeState, "datetime"),
+    # Event is stateless (no initial state sent on subscribe)
+]
+
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_device_id_in_state(
@@ -40,34 +109,35 @@ async def test_device_id_in_state(
         entity_device_mapping: dict[int, int] = {}
 
         for entity in all_entities:
-            # All entities have name and key attributes
-            if entity.name == "Temperature":
-                entity_device_mapping[entity.key] = device_ids["Temperature Monitor"]
-            elif entity.name == "Humidity":
-                entity_device_mapping[entity.key] = device_ids["Humidity Monitor"]
-            elif entity.name == "Motion Detected":
-                entity_device_mapping[entity.key] = device_ids["Motion Sensor"]
-            elif entity.name in {"Temperature Monitor Power", "Temperature Status"}:
-                entity_device_mapping[entity.key] = device_ids["Temperature Monitor"]
-            elif entity.name == "Motion Light":
-                entity_device_mapping[entity.key] = device_ids["Motion Sensor"]
-            elif entity.name == "No Device Sensor":
-                # Entity without device_id should have device_id 0
+            if entity.name in ENTITY_TO_DEVICE:
+                expected_device = ENTITY_TO_DEVICE[entity.name]
+                entity_device_mapping[entity.key] = device_ids[expected_device]
+            elif entity.name in NO_DEVICE_ENTITIES:
                 entity_device_mapping[entity.key] = 0
 
-        assert len(entity_device_mapping) >= 6, (
-            f"Expected at least 6 mapped entities, got {len(entity_device_mapping)}"
+        expected_count = len(ENTITY_TO_DEVICE) + len(NO_DEVICE_ENTITIES)
+        assert len(entity_device_mapping) >= expected_count, (
+            f"Expected at least {expected_count} mapped entities, "
+            f"got {len(entity_device_mapping)}. "
+            f"Missing: {set(ENTITY_TO_DEVICE) | NO_DEVICE_ENTITIES - {e.name for e in all_entities}}"
+        )
+
+        # Subscribe to states and wait for all mapped entities
+        # Event entities are stateless (no initial state on subscribe),
+        # so exclude them from the expected count
+        stateless_keys = {e.key for e in all_entities if e.name == "Doorbell"}
+        stateful_count = len(entity_device_mapping) - len(
+            stateless_keys & entity_device_mapping.keys()
         )
 
-        # Subscribe to states
         loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
         states: dict[int, EntityState] = {}
         states_future: asyncio.Future[bool] = loop.create_future()
 
         def on_state(state: EntityState) -> None:
-            states[state.key] = state
-            # Check if we have states for all mapped entities
-            if len(states) >= len(entity_device_mapping) and not states_future.done():
+            if state.key in entity_device_mapping:
+                states[state.key] = state
+            if len(states) >= stateful_count and not states_future.done():
                 states_future.set_result(True)
 
         client.subscribe_states(on_state)
@@ -76,9 +146,16 @@ async def test_device_id_in_state(
         try:
             await asyncio.wait_for(states_future, timeout=10.0)
         except TimeoutError:
+            received_names = {e.name for e in all_entities if e.key in states}
+            missing_names = (
+                (set(ENTITY_TO_DEVICE) | NO_DEVICE_ENTITIES)
+                - received_names
+                - {"Doorbell"}
+            )
             pytest.fail(
                 f"Did not receive all entity states within 10 seconds. "
-                f"Received {len(states)} states, expected {len(entity_device_mapping)}"
+                f"Received {len(states)} states. "
+                f"Missing: {missing_names}"
             )
 
         # Verify each state has the correct device_id
@@ -86,51 +163,33 @@ async def test_device_id_in_state(
         for key, expected_device_id in entity_device_mapping.items():
             if key in states:
                 state = states[key]
+                entity_name = next(
+                    (e.name for e in all_entities if e.key == key), f"key={key}"
+                )
 
                 assert state.device_id == expected_device_id, (
-                    f"State for key {key} has device_id {state.device_id}, "
-                    f"expected {expected_device_id}"
+                    f"State for '{entity_name}' (type={type(state).__name__}) "
+                    f"has device_id {state.device_id}, expected {expected_device_id}"
                 )
                 verified_count += 1
 
-        assert verified_count >= 6, (
-            f"Only verified {verified_count} states, expected at least 6"
+        # All stateful entities should be verified (everything except Doorbell event)
+        expected_verified = expected_count - 1  # exclude Doorbell
+        assert verified_count >= expected_verified, (
+            f"Only verified {verified_count} states, expected at least {expected_verified}"
         )
 
-        # Test specific state types to ensure device_id is present
-        # Find a sensor state with device_id
-        sensor_state = next(
-            (
+        # Verify each expected state type has at least one instance with non-zero device_id
+        for state_type, type_name in EXPECTED_STATE_TYPES:
+            matching = [
                 s
                 for s in states.values()
-                if isinstance(s, SensorState)
-                and isinstance(s.state, float)
-                and s.device_id != 0
-            ),
-            None,
-        )
-        assert sensor_state is not None, "No sensor state with device_id found"
-        assert sensor_state.device_id > 0, "Sensor state should have non-zero device_id"
-
-        # Find a binary sensor state
-        binary_sensor_state = next(
-            (s for s in states.values() if isinstance(s, BinarySensorState)),
-            None,
-        )
-        assert binary_sensor_state is not None, "No binary sensor state found"
-        assert binary_sensor_state.device_id > 0, (
-            "Binary sensor state should have non-zero device_id"
-        )
-
-        # Find a text sensor state
-        text_sensor_state = next(
-            (s for s in states.values() if isinstance(s, TextSensorState)),
-            None,
-        )
-        assert text_sensor_state is not None, "No text sensor state found"
-        assert text_sensor_state.device_id > 0, (
-            "Text sensor state should have non-zero device_id"
-        )
+                if isinstance(s, state_type) and s.device_id != 0
+            ]
+            assert matching, (
+                f"No {type_name} state (type={state_type.__name__}) "
+                f"with non-zero device_id found"
+            )
 
         # Verify the "No Device Sensor" has device_id = 0
         no_device_key = next(

From ded457c2c1a5b27aba9af05b7b29a38dd832e7fa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Feb 2026 18:52:46 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 148/609] [libretiny] Tune oversized lwIP defaults for ESPHome
 (#14186)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/api/__init__.py            |   4 +-
 esphome/components/captive_portal/__init__.py |   6 +-
 esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py          |  59 +++----
 .../esp32_camera_web_server/__init__.py       |   6 +-
 esphome/components/esphome/ota/__init__.py    |   5 +-
 esphome/components/libretiny/__init__.py      | 153 +++++++++++++++++-
 esphome/components/mdns/__init__.py           |   2 +-
 esphome/components/socket/__init__.py         |  90 ++++++++++-
 esphome/components/udp/__init__.py            |   2 +-
 esphome/components/web_server/__init__.py     |   6 +-
 .../components/web_server_base/__init__.py    |  25 ++-
 esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py           |  20 +++
 .../socket/test_wake_loop_threadsafe.py       |   8 +-
 13 files changed, 327 insertions(+), 59 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/__init__.py b/esphome/components/api/__init__.py
index 9bff9f5635..3f7cafb485 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/api/__init__.py
@@ -233,8 +233,8 @@ def _consume_api_sockets(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
 
     # API needs 1 listening socket + typically 3 concurrent client connections
     # (not max_connections, which is the upper limit rarely reached)
-    sockets_needed = 1 + 3
-    socket.consume_sockets(sockets_needed, "api")(config)
+    socket.consume_sockets(3, "api")(config)
+    socket.consume_sockets(1, "api", socket.SocketType.TCP_LISTEN)(config)
     return config
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/captive_portal/__init__.py b/esphome/components/captive_portal/__init__.py
index 049618219e..6c190814c0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/captive_portal/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/captive_portal/__init__.py
@@ -76,13 +76,15 @@ def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
 
     # Register socket needs for DNS server and additional HTTP connections
     # - 1 UDP socket for DNS server
-    # - 3 additional TCP sockets for captive portal detection probes + configuration requests
+    # - 3 TCP sockets for captive portal detection probes + configuration requests
     #   OS captive portal detection makes multiple probe requests that stay in TIME_WAIT.
     #   Need headroom for actual user configuration requests.
     #   LRU purging will reclaim idle sockets to prevent exhaustion from repeated attempts.
+    # The listening socket is registered by web_server_base (shared HTTP server).
     from esphome.components import socket
 
-    socket.consume_sockets(4, "captive_portal")(config)
+    socket.consume_sockets(3, "captive_portal")(config)
+    socket.consume_sockets(1, "captive_portal", socket.SocketType.UDP)(config)
 
     return config
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
index 06677006ea..4c211b2f2a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
@@ -1258,21 +1258,15 @@ def _configure_lwip_max_sockets(conf: dict) -> None:
     This function runs in to_code() after all components have registered their socket needs.
     User-provided sdkconfig_options take precedence.
     """
-    from esphome.components.socket import KEY_SOCKET_CONSUMERS
+    from esphome.components.socket import get_socket_counts
 
     # Check if user manually specified CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_SOCKETS
     user_max_sockets = conf[CONF_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS].get("CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_SOCKETS")
 
-    socket_consumers: dict[str, int] = CORE.data.get(KEY_SOCKET_CONSUMERS, {})
-    total_sockets = sum(socket_consumers.values())
-
-    # Early return if no sockets registered and no user override
-    if total_sockets == 0 and user_max_sockets is None:
-        return
-
-    components_list = ", ".join(
-        f"{name}={count}" for name, count in sorted(socket_consumers.items())
-    )
+    # CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_SOCKETS is a single VFS socket pool shared by all socket
+    # types (TCP clients, TCP listeners, and UDP). Include all three counts.
+    sc = get_socket_counts()
+    total_sockets = sc.tcp + sc.udp + sc.tcp_listen
 
     # User specified their own value - respect it but warn if insufficient
     if user_max_sockets is not None:
@@ -1281,22 +1275,23 @@ def _configure_lwip_max_sockets(conf: dict) -> None:
             user_max_sockets,
         )
 
-        # Warn if user's value is less than what components need
-        if total_sockets > 0:
-            user_sockets_int = 0
-            with contextlib.suppress(ValueError, TypeError):
-                user_sockets_int = int(user_max_sockets)
+        user_sockets_int = 0
+        with contextlib.suppress(ValueError, TypeError):
+            user_sockets_int = int(user_max_sockets)
 
-            if user_sockets_int < total_sockets:
-                _LOGGER.warning(
-                    "CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_SOCKETS is set to %d but your configuration "
-                    "needs %d sockets (registered: %s). You may experience socket "
-                    "exhaustion errors. Consider increasing to at least %d.",
-                    user_sockets_int,
-                    total_sockets,
-                    components_list,
-                    total_sockets,
-                )
+        if user_sockets_int < total_sockets:
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_SOCKETS is set to %d but your configuration "
+                "needs %d sockets (%d TCP + %d UDP + %d TCP_LISTEN). You may "
+                "experience socket exhaustion errors. Consider increasing to "
+                "at least %d.",
+                user_sockets_int,
+                total_sockets,
+                sc.tcp,
+                sc.udp,
+                sc.tcp_listen,
+                total_sockets,
+            )
         # User's value already added via sdkconfig_options processing
         return
 
@@ -1305,11 +1300,19 @@ def _configure_lwip_max_sockets(conf: dict) -> None:
     max_sockets = max(DEFAULT_MAX_SOCKETS, total_sockets)
 
     log_level = logging.INFO if max_sockets > DEFAULT_MAX_SOCKETS else logging.DEBUG
+    sock_min = " (min)" if max_sockets > total_sockets else ""
     _LOGGER.log(
         log_level,
-        "Setting CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_SOCKETS to %d (registered: %s)",
+        "Setting CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_SOCKETS to %d%s "
+        "(TCP=%d [%s], UDP=%d [%s], TCP_LISTEN=%d [%s])",
         max_sockets,
-        components_list,
+        sock_min,
+        sc.tcp,
+        sc.tcp_details,
+        sc.udp,
+        sc.udp_details,
+        sc.tcp_listen,
+        sc.tcp_listen_details,
     )
 
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_SOCKETS", max_sockets)
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_camera_web_server/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32_camera_web_server/__init__.py
index ed1aaa2e07..da260ad7a1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_camera_web_server/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_camera_web_server/__init__.py
@@ -20,8 +20,10 @@ def _consume_camera_web_server_sockets(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     from esphome.components import socket
 
     # Each camera web server instance needs 1 listening socket + 2 client connections
-    sockets_needed = 3
-    socket.consume_sockets(sockets_needed, "esp32_camera_web_server")(config)
+    socket.consume_sockets(2, "esp32_camera_web_server")(config)
+    socket.consume_sockets(1, "esp32_camera_web_server", socket.SocketType.TCP_LISTEN)(
+        config
+    )
     return config
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/esphome/ota/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esphome/ota/__init__.py
index 2f637d714d..337064dd27 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esphome/ota/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esphome/ota/__init__.py
@@ -97,8 +97,9 @@ def _consume_ota_sockets(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """Register socket needs for OTA component."""
     from esphome.components import socket
 
-    # OTA needs 1 listening socket (client connections are temporary during updates)
-    socket.consume_sockets(1, "ota")(config)
+    # OTA needs 1 listening socket. The active transfer connection during an update
+    # uses a TCP PCB from the general pool, covered by MIN_TCP_SOCKETS headroom.
+    socket.consume_sockets(1, "ota", socket.SocketType.TCP_LISTEN)(config)
     return config
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/libretiny/__init__.py b/esphome/components/libretiny/__init__.py
index 01445da7ee..2291114d9a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/libretiny/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/libretiny/__init__.py
@@ -275,6 +275,146 @@ BASE_SCHEMA.add_extra(_detect_variant)
 BASE_SCHEMA.add_extra(_update_core_data)
 
 
+def _configure_lwip(config: dict) -> None:
+    """Configure lwIP options for LibreTiny platforms.
+
+    The BK/RTL/LN SDKs each ship different lwIP defaults. BK72XX defaults are
+    wildly oversized for ESPHome's IoT use case, causing OOM on BK7231N.
+    RTL87XX and LN882H have more conservative defaults but still need tuning
+    for ESPHome's socket usage patterns.
+
+    See https://github.com/esphome/esphome/issues/14095
+
+    Comparison of SDK defaults vs ESPHome targets (TCP_MSS=1460 on all LT):
+
+    Setting                   ESP8266  ESP32  BK SDK   RTL SDK  LN SDK   New
+    ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    TCP_SND_BUF               2×MSS   4×MSS  10×MSS   5×MSS    7×MSS    4×MSS
+    TCP_WND                   4×MSS   4×MSS  3/10×MSS 2×MSS    3×MSS    4×MSS
+    MEM_LIBC_MALLOC           1       1      0        0        1        1
+    MEMP_MEM_MALLOC           1       1      0        0        0        1
+    MEM_SIZE                  N/A*    N/A*   16/32KB  5KB      N/A*     N/A* BK
+    PBUF_POOL_SIZE            10      16     3/10     20       20       10 BK
+    MAX_SOCKETS_TCP           5       16     12       —**      —**      dynamic
+    MAX_SOCKETS_UDP           4       16     22       —**      —**      dynamic
+    TCP_SND_QUEUELEN          ~8      17     20       20       35       17
+    MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG          10      16     40       20       =qlen    17
+    MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB          5       16     12       10       8        =TCP
+    MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB_LISTEN   4       16     4        5        3        dynamic
+    MEMP_NUM_UDP_PCB          4       16     25***    7****    7****    =UDP
+    MEMP_NUM_NETCONN          0       10     38       4*****   =sum     =sum
+    MEMP_NUM_NETBUF           0       2      16       2*****   8        4
+    MEMP_NUM_TCPIP_MSG_INPKT  4       8      16       8*****   12       8
+
+    * ESP8266/ESP32/LN882H use MEM_LIBC_MALLOC=1 (system heap, no dedicated pool).
+      ESP8266/ESP32 also use MEMP_MEM_MALLOC=1 (MEMP pools from heap, not static).
+    ** RTL/LN SDKs don't define MAX_SOCKETS_TCP/UDP (LibreTiny-specific).
+    *** BK LT overlay: MAX_SOCKETS_UDP+2+1 = 25.
+    **** RTL/LN LT overlay overrides to flat 7.
+    ***** Not defined in RTL SDK — lwIP opt.h defaults shown.
+    "dynamic" = auto-calculated from component socket registrations via
+    socket.get_socket_counts() with minimums of 8 TCP / 6 UDP.
+    """
+    from esphome.components.socket import (
+        MIN_TCP_LISTEN_SOCKETS,
+        MIN_TCP_SOCKETS,
+        MIN_UDP_SOCKETS,
+        get_socket_counts,
+    )
+
+    sc = get_socket_counts()
+    # Apply platform minimums — ensure headroom for ESPHome's needs
+    tcp_sockets = max(MIN_TCP_SOCKETS, sc.tcp)
+    udp_sockets = max(MIN_UDP_SOCKETS, sc.udp)
+    # Listening sockets — registered by components (api, ota, web_server_base, etc.)
+    # Not all components register yet, so ensure a minimum for baseline operation.
+    listening_tcp = max(MIN_TCP_LISTEN_SOCKETS, sc.tcp_listen)
+
+    # TCP_SND_BUF: ESPAsyncWebServer allocates malloc(tcp_sndbuf()) per
+    # response chunk. At 10×MSS=14.6KB (BK default) this causes OOM (#14095).
+    # 4×MSS=5,840 matches ESP32. RTL(5×) and LN(7×) are close already.
+    tcp_snd_buf = "(4*TCP_MSS)"  # BK: 10×MSS, RTL: 5×MSS, LN: 7×MSS
+
+    # TCP_WND: receive window. 4×MSS matches ESP32.
+    # RTL SDK uses only 2×MSS; increasing to 4× is safe and improves throughput.
+    tcp_wnd = "(4*TCP_MSS)"  # BK: 10×MSS, RTL: 2×MSS, LN: 3×MSS
+
+    # TCP_SND_QUEUELEN: max pbufs queued for send buffer
+    # ESP-IDF formula: (4 * TCP_SND_BUF + (TCP_MSS - 1)) / TCP_MSS
+    # With 4×MSS: (4*5840 + 1459) / 1460 = 17 — match ESP32
+    tcp_snd_queuelen = 17  # BK: 20, RTL: 20, LN: 35
+    # MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG: segment pool, must be >= TCP_SND_QUEUELEN (lwIP sanity check)
+    memp_num_tcp_seg = tcp_snd_queuelen  # BK: 40, RTL: 20, LN: =qlen
+
+    lwip_opts: list[str] = [
+        # Disable statistics — not needed for production, saves RAM
+        "LWIP_STATS=0",  # BK: 1, RTL: 0 already, LN: 0 already
+        "MEM_STATS=0",
+        "MEMP_STATS=0",
+        # TCP send buffer — 4×MSS matches ESP32
+        f"TCP_SND_BUF={tcp_snd_buf}",
+        # TCP receive window — 4×MSS matches ESP32
+        f"TCP_WND={tcp_wnd}",
+        # Socket counts — auto-calculated from component registrations
+        f"MAX_SOCKETS_TCP={tcp_sockets}",
+        f"MAX_SOCKETS_UDP={udp_sockets}",
+        # Listening sockets — BK SDK uses this to derive MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB_LISTEN;
+        # RTL/LN don't use it, but we set MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB_LISTEN explicitly below.
+        f"MAX_LISTENING_SOCKETS_TCP={listening_tcp}",
+        # Queued segment limits — derived from 4×MSS buffer size
+        f"TCP_SND_QUEUELEN={tcp_snd_queuelen}",
+        f"MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG={memp_num_tcp_seg}",  # must be >= queuelen
+        # PCB pools — active connections + listening sockets
+        f"MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB={tcp_sockets}",  # BK: 12, RTL: 10, LN: 8
+        f"MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB_LISTEN={listening_tcp}",  # BK: =MAX_LISTENING, RTL: 5, LN: 3
+        # UDP PCB pool — includes wifi.lwip_internal (DHCP + DNS)
+        f"MEMP_NUM_UDP_PCB={udp_sockets}",  # BK: 25, RTL/LN: 7 via LT
+        # Netconn pool — each socket (active + listening) needs a netconn
+        f"MEMP_NUM_NETCONN={tcp_sockets + udp_sockets + listening_tcp}",
+        # Netbuf pool
+        "MEMP_NUM_NETBUF=4",  # BK: 16, RTL: 2 (opt.h), LN: 8
+        # Inbound message pool
+        "MEMP_NUM_TCPIP_MSG_INPKT=8",  # BK: 16, RTL: 8 (opt.h), LN: 12
+    ]
+
+    # Use system heap for all lwIP allocations on all LibreTiny platforms.
+    # - MEM_LIBC_MALLOC=1: Use system heap instead of dedicated lwIP heap.
+    #   LN882H already ships with this. BK SDK defaults to a 16/32KB dedicated
+    #   pool that fragments during OTA. RTL SDK defaults to a 5KB pool.
+    #   All three SDKs wire malloc → pvPortMalloc (FreeRTOS thread-safe heap).
+    # - MEMP_MEM_MALLOC=1: Allocate MEMP pools from heap on demand instead
+    #   of static arrays. Saves ~20KB RAM on BK72XX. Safe because WiFi
+    #   receive paths run in task context, not ISR context. ESP32 and ESP8266
+    #   both ship with MEMP_MEM_MALLOC=1.
+    lwip_opts.append("MEM_LIBC_MALLOC=1")
+    lwip_opts.append("MEMP_MEM_MALLOC=1")
+
+    # BK72XX-specific: PBUF_POOL_SIZE override
+    # BK SDK "reduced plan" sets this to only 3 — too few for multiple
+    # concurrent connections (API + web_server + OTA). BK default plan
+    # uses 10; match that. RTL(20) and LN(20) need no override.
+    # With MEMP_MEM_MALLOC=1, this is a max count (allocated on demand).
+    if CORE.is_bk72xx:
+        lwip_opts.append("PBUF_POOL_SIZE=10")
+
+    tcp_min = " (min)" if tcp_sockets > sc.tcp else ""
+    udp_min = " (min)" if udp_sockets > sc.udp else ""
+    listen_min = " (min)" if listening_tcp > sc.tcp_listen else ""
+    _LOGGER.info(
+        "Configuring lwIP: TCP=%d%s [%s], UDP=%d%s [%s], TCP_LISTEN=%d%s [%s]",
+        tcp_sockets,
+        tcp_min,
+        sc.tcp_details,
+        udp_sockets,
+        udp_min,
+        sc.udp_details,
+        listening_tcp,
+        listen_min,
+        sc.tcp_listen_details,
+    )
+    cg.add_platformio_option("custom_options.lwip", lwip_opts)
+
+
 # pylint: disable=use-dict-literal
 async def component_to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -389,11 +529,12 @@ async def component_to_code(config):
             "custom_options.sys_config#h", _BK7231N_SYS_CONFIG_OPTIONS
         )
 
-    # Disable LWIP statistics to save RAM - not needed in production
-    # Must explicitly disable all sub-stats to avoid redefinition warnings
-    cg.add_platformio_option(
-        "custom_options.lwip",
-        ["LWIP_STATS=0", "MEM_STATS=0", "MEMP_STATS=0"],
-    )
+    # Tune lwIP for ESPHome's actual needs.
+    # The SDK defaults (TCP_SND_BUF=10*MSS, MAX_SOCKETS_TCP=12, MEM_SIZE=32KB)
+    # are wildly oversized for an IoT device. ESPAsyncWebServer allocates
+    # malloc(tcp_sndbuf()) per response chunk — at 14.6KB this causes silent
+    # OOM on memory-constrained chips like BK7231N.
+    # See https://github.com/esphome/esphome/issues/14095
+    _configure_lwip(config)
 
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mdns/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mdns/__init__.py
index f87f929615..420e6a60e3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mdns/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mdns/__init__.py
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ def _consume_mdns_sockets(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     from esphome.components import socket
 
     # mDNS needs 2 sockets (IPv4 + IPv6 multicast)
-    socket.consume_sockets(2, "mdns")(config)
+    socket.consume_sockets(2, "mdns", socket.SocketType.UDP)(config)
     return config
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/__init__.py b/esphome/components/socket/__init__.py
index e364da78f8..d82f0c7aba 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/__init__.py
@@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
 from collections.abc import Callable, MutableMapping
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from enum import StrEnum
+import logging
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.core import CORE
 
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 
 CONF_IMPLEMENTATION = "implementation"
@@ -13,33 +18,110 @@ IMPLEMENTATION_BSD_SOCKETS = "bsd_sockets"
 
 # Socket tracking infrastructure
 # Components register their socket needs and platforms read this to configure appropriately
-KEY_SOCKET_CONSUMERS = "socket_consumers"
+KEY_SOCKET_CONSUMERS_TCP = "socket_consumers_tcp"
+KEY_SOCKET_CONSUMERS_UDP = "socket_consumers_udp"
+KEY_SOCKET_CONSUMERS_TCP_LISTEN = "socket_consumers_tcp_listen"
+
+# Recommended minimum socket counts.
+# Platforms should apply these (or their own) on top of get_socket_counts().
+# These cover minimal configs (e.g. api-only without web_server).
+# When web_server is present, its 5 registered sockets push past the TCP minimum.
+MIN_TCP_SOCKETS = 8
+MIN_UDP_SOCKETS = 6
+# Minimum listening sockets — at least api + ota baseline.
+MIN_TCP_LISTEN_SOCKETS = 2
 
 # Wake loop threadsafe support tracking
 KEY_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE_REQUIRED = "wake_loop_threadsafe_required"
 
 
+class SocketType(StrEnum):
+    TCP = "tcp"
+    UDP = "udp"
+    TCP_LISTEN = "tcp_listen"
+
+
+_SOCKET_TYPE_KEYS = {
+    SocketType.TCP: KEY_SOCKET_CONSUMERS_TCP,
+    SocketType.UDP: KEY_SOCKET_CONSUMERS_UDP,
+    SocketType.TCP_LISTEN: KEY_SOCKET_CONSUMERS_TCP_LISTEN,
+}
+
+
 def consume_sockets(
-    value: int, consumer: str
+    value: int, consumer: str, socket_type: SocketType = SocketType.TCP
 ) -> Callable[[MutableMapping], MutableMapping]:
     """Register socket usage for a component.
 
     Args:
         value: Number of sockets needed by the component
         consumer: Name of the component consuming the sockets
+        socket_type: Type of socket (SocketType.TCP, SocketType.UDP, or SocketType.TCP_LISTEN)
 
     Returns:
         A validator function that records the socket usage
     """
+    typed_key = _SOCKET_TYPE_KEYS[socket_type]
 
     def _consume_sockets(config: MutableMapping) -> MutableMapping:
-        consumers: dict[str, int] = CORE.data.setdefault(KEY_SOCKET_CONSUMERS, {})
+        consumers: dict[str, int] = CORE.data.setdefault(typed_key, {})
         consumers[consumer] = consumers.get(consumer, 0) + value
         return config
 
     return _consume_sockets
 
 
+def _format_consumers(consumers: dict[str, int]) -> str:
+    """Format consumer dict as 'name=count, ...' or 'none'."""
+    if not consumers:
+        return "none"
+    return ", ".join(f"{name}={count}" for name, count in sorted(consumers.items()))
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class SocketCounts:
+    """Socket counts and component details for platform configuration."""
+
+    tcp: int
+    udp: int
+    tcp_listen: int
+    tcp_details: str
+    udp_details: str
+    tcp_listen_details: str
+
+
+def get_socket_counts() -> SocketCounts:
+    """Return socket counts and component details for platform configuration.
+
+    Platforms call this during code generation to configure lwIP socket limits.
+    All components will have registered their needs by then.
+
+    Platforms should apply their own minimums on top of these values.
+    """
+    tcp_consumers = CORE.data.get(KEY_SOCKET_CONSUMERS_TCP, {})
+    udp_consumers = CORE.data.get(KEY_SOCKET_CONSUMERS_UDP, {})
+    tcp_listen_consumers = CORE.data.get(KEY_SOCKET_CONSUMERS_TCP_LISTEN, {})
+    tcp = sum(tcp_consumers.values())
+    udp = sum(udp_consumers.values())
+    tcp_listen = sum(tcp_listen_consumers.values())
+
+    tcp_details = _format_consumers(tcp_consumers)
+    udp_details = _format_consumers(udp_consumers)
+    tcp_listen_details = _format_consumers(tcp_listen_consumers)
+    _LOGGER.debug(
+        "Socket counts: TCP=%d (%s), UDP=%d (%s), TCP_LISTEN=%d (%s)",
+        tcp,
+        tcp_details,
+        udp,
+        udp_details,
+        tcp_listen,
+        tcp_listen_details,
+    )
+    return SocketCounts(
+        tcp, udp, tcp_listen, tcp_details, udp_details, tcp_listen_details
+    )
+
+
 def require_wake_loop_threadsafe() -> None:
     """Mark that wake_loop_threadsafe support is required by a component.
 
@@ -66,7 +148,7 @@ def require_wake_loop_threadsafe() -> None:
         CORE.data[KEY_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE_REQUIRED] = True
         cg.add_define("USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE")
         # Consume 1 socket for the shared wake notification socket
-        consume_sockets(1, "socket.wake_loop_threadsafe")({})
+        consume_sockets(1, "socket.wake_loop_threadsafe", SocketType.UDP)({})
 
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
diff --git a/esphome/components/udp/__init__.py b/esphome/components/udp/__init__.py
index c9586d0b95..37dd871a6c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/udp/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/udp/__init__.py
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ def _consume_udp_sockets(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
 
     # UDP uses up to 2 sockets: 1 broadcast + 1 listen
     # Whether each is used depends on code generation, so register worst case
-    socket.consume_sockets(2, "udp")(config)
+    socket.consume_sockets(2, "udp", socket.SocketType.UDP)(config)
     return config
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/__init__.py b/esphome/components/web_server/__init__.py
index 9305a2de61..84910b6f90 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/__init__.py
@@ -144,11 +144,11 @@ def _consume_web_server_sockets(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """Register socket needs for web_server component."""
     from esphome.components import socket
 
-    # Web server needs 1 listening socket + typically 5 concurrent client connections
+    # Web server needs typically 5 concurrent client connections
     # (browser opens connections for page resources, SSE event stream, and POST
     # requests for entity control which may linger before closing)
-    sockets_needed = 6
-    socket.consume_sockets(sockets_needed, "web_server")(config)
+    # The listening socket is registered by web_server_base (shared with captive_portal)
+    socket.consume_sockets(5, "web_server")(config)
     return config
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/web_server_base/__init__.py
index 183b907ae6..b587841dfd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server_base/__init__.py
@@ -23,10 +23,27 @@ web_server_base_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("web_server_base")
 WebServerBase = web_server_base_ns.class_("WebServerBase")
 
 CONF_WEB_SERVER_BASE_ID = "web_server_base_id"
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(WebServerBase),
-    }
+
+
+def _consume_web_server_base_sockets(config):
+    """Register the shared listening socket for the HTTP server.
+
+    web_server_base is the shared HTTP server used by web_server and captive_portal.
+    The listening socket is registered here rather than in each consumer.
+    """
+    from esphome.components import socket
+
+    socket.consume_sockets(1, "web_server_base", socket.SocketType.TCP_LISTEN)(config)
+    return config
+
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(WebServerBase),
+        }
+    ),
+    _consume_web_server_base_sockets,
 )
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py b/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
index 8c1deb6217..b89245b10e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, HexInt, coroutine_with_priority
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from . import wpa2_eap
 
@@ -269,9 +270,28 @@ def final_validate(config):
         )
 
 
+def _consume_wifi_sockets(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Register UDP PCBs used internally by lwIP for DHCP and DNS.
+
+    Only needed on LibreTiny where we directly set MEMP_NUM_UDP_PCB (the raw
+    PCB pool shared by both application sockets and lwIP internals like DHCP/DNS).
+    On ESP32, CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_SOCKETS only controls the POSIX socket layer —
+    DHCP/DNS use raw udp_new() which bypasses it entirely.
+    """
+    if not (CORE.is_bk72xx or CORE.is_rtl87xx or CORE.is_ln882x):
+        return config
+    from esphome.components import socket
+
+    # lwIP allocates UDP PCBs for DHCP client and DNS resolver internally.
+    # These are not application sockets but consume MEMP_NUM_UDP_PCB pool entries.
+    socket.consume_sockets(2, "wifi.lwip_internal", socket.SocketType.UDP)(config)
+    return config
+
+
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     final_validate,
     validate_variant,
+    _consume_wifi_sockets,
 )
 
 
diff --git a/tests/components/socket/test_wake_loop_threadsafe.py b/tests/components/socket/test_wake_loop_threadsafe.py
index b4bc95176d..a40b6068a8 100644
--- a/tests/components/socket/test_wake_loop_threadsafe.py
+++ b/tests/components/socket/test_wake_loop_threadsafe.py
@@ -66,12 +66,12 @@ def test_require_wake_loop_threadsafe__no_networking_does_not_consume_socket() -
     CORE.config = {"logger": {}}
 
     # Track initial socket consumer state
-    initial_consumers = CORE.data.get(socket.KEY_SOCKET_CONSUMERS, {})
+    initial_udp = CORE.data.get(socket.KEY_SOCKET_CONSUMERS_UDP, {})
 
     # Call require_wake_loop_threadsafe
     socket.require_wake_loop_threadsafe()
 
     # Verify no socket was consumed
-    consumers = CORE.data.get(socket.KEY_SOCKET_CONSUMERS, {})
-    assert "socket.wake_loop_threadsafe" not in consumers
-    assert consumers == initial_consumers
+    udp_consumers = CORE.data.get(socket.KEY_SOCKET_CONSUMERS_UDP, {})
+    assert "socket.wake_loop_threadsafe" not in udp_consumers
+    assert udp_consumers == initial_udp

From 263fff0ba2fc5ea7b9c849da88600f17852a86aa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: schrob <83939986+schdro@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 23 Feb 2026 04:35:00 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 149/609] Move CONF_OUTPUT_POWER into const.py (#14201)

---
 esphome/components/cc1101/__init__.py | 2 +-
 esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py   | 2 +-
 esphome/const.py                      | 1 +
 3 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/cc1101/__init__.py b/esphome/components/cc1101/__init__.py
index 14b92a18a4..e2e5986daf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cc1101/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cc1101/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_DATA,
     CONF_FREQUENCY,
     CONF_ID,
+    CONF_OUTPUT_POWER,
     CONF_VALUE,
     CONF_WAIT_TIME,
 )
@@ -22,7 +23,6 @@ ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("cc1101")
 CC1101Component = ns.class_("CC1101Component", cg.Component, spi.SPIDevice)
 
 # Config keys
-CONF_OUTPUT_POWER = "output_power"
 CONF_RX_ATTENUATION = "rx_attenuation"
 CONF_DC_BLOCKING_FILTER = "dc_blocking_filter"
 CONF_IF_FREQUENCY = "if_frequency"
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py b/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
index b89245b10e..2aa63b87cc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ON_CONNECT,
     CONF_ON_DISCONNECT,
     CONF_ON_ERROR,
+    CONF_OUTPUT_POWER,
     CONF_PASSWORD,
     CONF_POWER_SAVE_MODE,
     CONF_PRIORITY,
@@ -344,7 +345,6 @@ def _validate(config):
     return config
 
 
-CONF_OUTPUT_POWER = "output_power"
 CONF_PASSIVE_SCAN = "passive_scan"
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.Schema(
diff --git a/esphome/const.py b/esphome/const.py
index 0179aa129e..ccc9d56dbb 100644
--- a/esphome/const.py
+++ b/esphome/const.py
@@ -748,6 +748,7 @@ CONF_OTA = "ota"
 CONF_OUTDOOR_TEMPERATURE = "outdoor_temperature"
 CONF_OUTPUT = "output"
 CONF_OUTPUT_ID = "output_id"
+CONF_OUTPUT_POWER = "output_power"
 CONF_OUTPUT_SPEAKER = "output_speaker"
 CONF_OUTPUTS = "outputs"
 CONF_OVERSAMPLING = "oversampling"

From 6e70987451dfce381645e06ec61e87fab745b900 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Feb 2026 21:35:30 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 150/609] [binary_sensor] Conditionally compile filter
 infrastructure (#14215)

---
 esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py       | 1 +
 esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.cpp | 6 ++++++
 esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h   | 6 ++++++
 esphome/components/binary_sensor/filter.cpp        | 5 +++++
 esphome/components/binary_sensor/filter.h          | 5 +++++
 esphome/core/defines.h                             | 1 +
 6 files changed, 24 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index c38d6b78d3..4500168cb1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -562,6 +562,7 @@ async def setup_binary_sensor_core_(var, config):
     if inverted := config.get(CONF_INVERTED):
         cg.add(var.set_inverted(inverted))
     if filters_config := config.get(CONF_FILTERS):
+        cg.add_define("USE_BINARY_SENSOR_FILTER")
         filters = await cg.build_registry_list(FILTER_REGISTRY, filters_config)
         cg.add(var.add_filters(filters))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.cpp
index 7c3b06970d..c4d3a29a1e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.cpp
@@ -18,11 +18,15 @@ void log_binary_sensor(const char *tag, const char *prefix, const char *type, Bi
 }
 
 void BinarySensor::publish_state(bool new_state) {
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR_FILTER
   if (this->filter_list_ == nullptr) {
+#endif
     this->send_state_internal(new_state);
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR_FILTER
   } else {
     this->filter_list_->input(new_state);
   }
+#endif
 }
 void BinarySensor::publish_initial_state(bool new_state) {
   this->invalidate_state();
@@ -47,6 +51,7 @@ bool BinarySensor::set_new_state(const optional<bool> &new_state) {
   return false;
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR_FILTER
 void BinarySensor::add_filter(Filter *filter) {
   filter->parent_ = this;
   if (this->filter_list_ == nullptr) {
@@ -63,6 +68,7 @@ void BinarySensor::add_filters(std::initializer_list<Filter *> filters) {
     this->add_filter(filter);
   }
 }
+#endif  // USE_BINARY_SENSOR_FILTER
 bool BinarySensor::is_status_binary_sensor() const { return false; }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::binary_sensor
diff --git a/esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h b/esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h
index 83c992bfed..4b655e1bd1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/entity_base.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR_FILTER
 #include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/filter.h"
+#endif
 
 #include <initializer_list>
 
@@ -45,8 +47,10 @@ class BinarySensor : public StatefulEntityBase<bool>, public EntityBase_DeviceCl
    */
   void publish_initial_state(bool new_state);
 
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR_FILTER
   void add_filter(Filter *filter);
   void add_filters(std::initializer_list<Filter *> filters);
+#endif
 
   // ========== INTERNAL METHODS ==========
   // (In most use cases you won't need these)
@@ -60,7 +64,9 @@ class BinarySensor : public StatefulEntityBase<bool>, public EntityBase_DeviceCl
   bool state{};
 
  protected:
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR_FILTER
   Filter *filter_list_{nullptr};
+#endif
 
   bool set_new_state(const optional<bool> &new_state) override;
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/binary_sensor/filter.cpp b/esphome/components/binary_sensor/filter.cpp
index d69671c5bf..25a69c413a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/binary_sensor/filter.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/binary_sensor/filter.cpp
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR_FILTER
+
 #include "filter.h"
 
 #include "binary_sensor.h"
@@ -142,3 +145,5 @@ optional<bool> SettleFilter::new_value(bool value) {
 float SettleFilter::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::binary_sensor
+
+#endif  // USE_BINARY_SENSOR_FILTER
diff --git a/esphome/components/binary_sensor/filter.h b/esphome/components/binary_sensor/filter.h
index 59bc43eeba..2735a32ab0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/binary_sensor/filter.h
+++ b/esphome/components/binary_sensor/filter.h
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR_FILTER
+
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
@@ -138,3 +141,5 @@ class SettleFilter : public Filter, public Component {
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::binary_sensor
+
+#endif  // USE_BINARY_SENSOR_FILTER
diff --git a/esphome/core/defines.h b/esphome/core/defines.h
index 1128df94f0..99e80785ec 100644
--- a/esphome/core/defines.h
+++ b/esphome/core/defines.h
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 #define USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL
 #define USE_AREAS
 #define USE_BINARY_SENSOR
+#define USE_BINARY_SENSOR_FILTER
 #define USE_BUTTON
 #define USE_CAMERA
 #define USE_CLIMATE

From 93ce582ad30d1059cf59335882a6bd231a93127e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Feb 2026 21:35:51 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 151/609] [sensor] Conditionally compile filter infrastructure
 (#14214)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/bme680_bsec/bme680_bsec.h   | 1 +
 esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.h         | 1 +
 esphome/components/kamstrup_kmp/kamstrup_kmp.h | 1 +
 esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py          | 1 +
 esphome/components/sensor/filter.cpp           | 5 +++++
 esphome/components/sensor/filter.h             | 6 +++++-
 esphome/components/sensor/sensor.cpp           | 6 ++++++
 esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h             | 8 ++++++++
 esphome/components/sound_level/sound_level.h   | 1 +
 esphome/components/wireguard/wireguard.h       | 1 +
 esphome/core/defines.h                         | 1 +
 11 files changed, 31 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/bme680_bsec.h b/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/bme680_bsec.h
index ec919f31df..22aa2789e6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/bme680_bsec.h
+++ b/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/bme680_bsec.h
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/preferences.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include <map>
+#include <queue>
 
 #ifdef USE_BSEC
 #include <bsec.h>
diff --git a/esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.h b/esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.h
index 608d5e7f21..4565ed2981 100644
--- a/esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.h
+++ b/esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.h
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <chrono>
+#include <queue>
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/kamstrup_kmp/kamstrup_kmp.h b/esphome/components/kamstrup_kmp/kamstrup_kmp.h
index f84e360132..725cf20abf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/kamstrup_kmp/kamstrup_kmp.h
+++ b/esphome/components/kamstrup_kmp/kamstrup_kmp.h
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <queue>
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/components/uart/uart.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
diff --git a/esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py
index ebbe0fbccc..b0e0c28bda 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -903,6 +903,7 @@ async def setup_sensor_core_(var, config):
     if config[CONF_FORCE_UPDATE]:
         cg.add(var.set_force_update(True))
     if config.get(CONF_FILTERS):  # must exist and not be empty
+        cg.add_define("USE_SENSOR_FILTER")
         filters = await build_filters(config[CONF_FILTERS])
         cg.add(var.set_filters(filters))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sensor/filter.cpp b/esphome/components/sensor/filter.cpp
index ea0e2f0d7c..cd4db98457 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sensor/filter.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sensor/filter.cpp
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR_FILTER
+
 #include "filter.h"
 #include <cmath>
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
@@ -580,3 +583,5 @@ void StreamingMovingAverageFilter::reset_batch() {
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::sensor
+
+#endif  // USE_SENSOR_FILTER
diff --git a/esphome/components/sensor/filter.h b/esphome/components/sensor/filter.h
index 573b916a5d..8bfcdb37cf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sensor/filter.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sensor/filter.h
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <queue>
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR_FILTER
+
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
@@ -638,3 +640,5 @@ class StreamingMovingAverageFilter : public StreamingFilter {
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::sensor
+
+#endif  // USE_SENSOR_FILTER
diff --git a/esphome/components/sensor/sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/sensor/sensor.cpp
index ae2ee3e3d1..a7af6403ef 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sensor/sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sensor/sensor.cpp
@@ -68,11 +68,15 @@ void Sensor::publish_state(float state) {
 
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "'%s': Received new state %f", this->name_.c_str(), state);
 
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR_FILTER
   if (this->filter_list_ == nullptr) {
+#endif
     this->internal_send_state_to_frontend(state);
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR_FILTER
   } else {
     this->filter_list_->input(state);
   }
+#endif
 }
 
 void Sensor::add_on_state_callback(std::function<void(float)> &&callback) { this->callback_.add(std::move(callback)); }
@@ -80,6 +84,7 @@ void Sensor::add_on_raw_state_callback(std::function<void(float)> &&callback) {
   this->raw_callback_.add(std::move(callback));
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR_FILTER
 void Sensor::add_filter(Filter *filter) {
   // inefficient, but only happens once on every sensor setup and nobody's going to have massive amounts of
   // filters
@@ -109,6 +114,7 @@ void Sensor::clear_filters() {
   }
   this->filter_list_ = nullptr;
 }
+#endif  // USE_SENSOR_FILTER
 float Sensor::get_state() const { return this->state; }
 float Sensor::get_raw_state() const { return this->raw_state; }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h b/esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h
index 80981b8e28..54e75ee2a1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h
@@ -4,13 +4,17 @@
 #include "esphome/core/entity_base.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR_FILTER
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/filter.h"
+#endif
 
 #include <initializer_list>
 #include <memory>
 
 namespace esphome::sensor {
 
+class Sensor;
+
 void log_sensor(const char *tag, const char *prefix, const char *type, Sensor *obj);
 
 #define LOG_SENSOR(prefix, type, obj) log_sensor(TAG, prefix, LOG_STR_LITERAL(type), obj)
@@ -67,6 +71,7 @@ class Sensor : public EntityBase, public EntityBase_DeviceClass, public EntityBa
   /// Set force update mode.
   void set_force_update(bool force_update) { sensor_flags_.force_update = force_update; }
 
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR_FILTER
   /// Add a filter to the filter chain. Will be appended to the back.
   void add_filter(Filter *filter);
 
@@ -87,6 +92,7 @@ class Sensor : public EntityBase, public EntityBase_DeviceClass, public EntityBa
 
   /// Clear the entire filter chain.
   void clear_filters();
+#endif
 
   /// Getter-syntax for .state.
   float get_state() const;
@@ -130,7 +136,9 @@ class Sensor : public EntityBase, public EntityBase_DeviceClass, public EntityBa
   LazyCallbackManager<void(float)> raw_callback_;  ///< Storage for raw state callbacks.
   LazyCallbackManager<void(float)> callback_;      ///< Storage for filtered state callbacks.
 
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR_FILTER
   Filter *filter_list_{nullptr};  ///< Store all active filters.
+#endif
 
   // Group small members together to avoid padding
   int8_t accuracy_decimals_{-1};              ///< Accuracy in decimals (-1 = not set)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sound_level/sound_level.h b/esphome/components/sound_level/sound_level.h
index dc35f69fe2..a1021eb1e8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sound_level/sound_level.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sound_level/sound_level.h
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "esphome/components/microphone/microphone_source.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/ring_buffer.h"
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/wireguard/wireguard.h b/esphome/components/wireguard/wireguard.h
index e8470c75cd..c11d592cd1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wireguard/wireguard.h
+++ b/esphome/components/wireguard/wireguard.h
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include <ctime>
 #include <initializer_list>
 
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.h"
diff --git a/esphome/core/defines.h b/esphome/core/defines.h
index 99e80785ec..ff32edff16 100644
--- a/esphome/core/defines.h
+++ b/esphome/core/defines.h
@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@
 #define USE_SAFE_MODE_CALLBACK
 #define USE_SELECT
 #define USE_SENSOR
+#define USE_SENSOR_FILTER
 #define USE_SETUP_PRIORITY_OVERRIDE
 #define USE_STATUS_LED
 #define USE_STATUS_SENSOR

From d239a2400dddfb9854ea5e6c7f476002b6bf22c4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Feb 2026 21:36:21 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 152/609] [text_sensor] Conditionally compile filter
 infrastructure (#14213)

---
 esphome/components/text_sensor/__init__.py     |  1 +
 esphome/components/text_sensor/filter.cpp      |  5 +++++
 esphome/components/text_sensor/filter.h        |  5 +++++
 esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.cpp | 18 +++++++++++++-----
 esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h   |  8 ++++++++
 esphome/core/defines.h                         |  1 +
 6 files changed, 33 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/text_sensor/__init__.py
index 0d22400a8e..2e8edb43c9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -204,6 +204,7 @@ async def setup_text_sensor_core_(var, config):
         cg.add(var.set_device_class(device_class))
 
     if config.get(CONF_FILTERS):  # must exist and not be empty
+        cg.add_define("USE_TEXT_SENSOR_FILTER")
         filters = await build_filters(config[CONF_FILTERS])
         cg.add(var.set_filters(filters))
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/text_sensor/filter.cpp b/esphome/components/text_sensor/filter.cpp
index 4ee12e8602..f6552c7c66 100644
--- a/esphome/components/text_sensor/filter.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/text_sensor/filter.cpp
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR_FILTER
+
 #include "filter.h"
 #include "text_sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
@@ -106,3 +109,5 @@ bool MapFilter::new_value(std::string &value) {
 
 }  // namespace text_sensor
 }  // namespace esphome
+
+#endif  // USE_TEXT_SENSOR_FILTER
diff --git a/esphome/components/text_sensor/filter.h b/esphome/components/text_sensor/filter.h
index 1922b503ca..f88e8645cc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/text_sensor/filter.h
+++ b/esphome/components/text_sensor/filter.h
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR_FILTER
+
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
@@ -164,3 +167,5 @@ class MapFilter : public Filter {
 
 }  // namespace text_sensor
 }  // namespace esphome
+
+#endif  // USE_TEXT_SENSOR_FILTER
diff --git a/esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.cpp
index c48bdf4b82..c66d08ec40 100644
--- a/esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.cpp
@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@ void TextSensor::publish_state(const std::string &state) { this->publish_state(s
 void TextSensor::publish_state(const char *state) { this->publish_state(state, strlen(state)); }
 
 void TextSensor::publish_state(const char *state, size_t len) {
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR_FILTER
   if (this->filter_list_ == nullptr) {
+#endif
     // No filters: raw_state == state, store once and use for both callbacks
     // Only assign if changed to avoid heap allocation
     if (len != this->state.size() || memcmp(state, this->state.data(), len) != 0) {
@@ -33,6 +35,7 @@ void TextSensor::publish_state(const char *state, size_t len) {
     this->raw_callback_.call(this->state);
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "'%s': Received new state %s", this->name_.c_str(), this->state.c_str());
     this->notify_frontend_();
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR_FILTER
   } else {
     // Has filters: need separate raw storage
 #pragma GCC diagnostic push
@@ -46,8 +49,10 @@ void TextSensor::publish_state(const char *state, size_t len) {
     this->filter_list_->input(this->raw_state);
 #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
   }
+#endif
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR_FILTER
 void TextSensor::add_filter(Filter *filter) {
   // inefficient, but only happens once on every sensor setup and nobody's going to have massive amounts of
   // filters
@@ -77,6 +82,7 @@ void TextSensor::clear_filters() {
   }
   this->filter_list_ = nullptr;
 }
+#endif  // USE_TEXT_SENSOR_FILTER
 
 void TextSensor::add_on_state_callback(std::function<void(const std::string &)> callback) {
   this->callback_.add(std::move(callback));
@@ -87,14 +93,16 @@ void TextSensor::add_on_raw_state_callback(std::function<void(const std::string
 
 const std::string &TextSensor::get_state() const { return this->state; }
 const std::string &TextSensor::get_raw_state() const {
-  if (this->filter_list_ == nullptr) {
-    return this->state;  // No filters, raw == filtered
-  }
-// Suppress deprecation warning - get_raw_state() is the replacement API
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR_FILTER
+  if (this->filter_list_ != nullptr) {
+    // Suppress deprecation warning - get_raw_state() is the replacement API
 #pragma GCC diagnostic push
 #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
-  return this->raw_state;
+    return this->raw_state;
 #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+  }
+#endif
+  return this->state;  // No filters, raw == filtered
 }
 void TextSensor::internal_send_state_to_frontend(const std::string &state) {
   this->internal_send_state_to_frontend(state.data(), state.size());
diff --git a/esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h b/esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h
index 1352a8c1e4..97373dc716 100644
--- a/esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h
@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/entity_base.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR_FILTER
 #include "esphome/components/text_sensor/filter.h"
+#endif
 
 #include <initializer_list>
 #include <memory>
@@ -11,6 +13,8 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace text_sensor {
 
+class TextSensor;
+
 void log_text_sensor(const char *tag, const char *prefix, const char *type, TextSensor *obj);
 
 #define LOG_TEXT_SENSOR(prefix, type, obj) log_text_sensor(TAG, prefix, LOG_STR_LITERAL(type), obj)
@@ -45,6 +49,7 @@ class TextSensor : public EntityBase, public EntityBase_DeviceClass {
   void publish_state(const char *state);
   void publish_state(const char *state, size_t len);
 
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR_FILTER
   /// Add a filter to the filter chain. Will be appended to the back.
   void add_filter(Filter *filter);
 
@@ -56,6 +61,7 @@ class TextSensor : public EntityBase, public EntityBase_DeviceClass {
 
   /// Clear the entire filter chain.
   void clear_filters();
+#endif
 
   void add_on_state_callback(std::function<void(const std::string &)> callback);
   /// Add a callback that will be called every time the sensor sends a raw value.
@@ -73,7 +79,9 @@ class TextSensor : public EntityBase, public EntityBase_DeviceClass {
   LazyCallbackManager<void(const std::string &)> raw_callback_;  ///< Storage for raw state callbacks.
   LazyCallbackManager<void(const std::string &)> callback_;      ///< Storage for filtered state callbacks.
 
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR_FILTER
   Filter *filter_list_{nullptr};  ///< Store all active filters.
+#endif
 };
 
 }  // namespace text_sensor
diff --git a/esphome/core/defines.h b/esphome/core/defines.h
index ff32edff16..a1e3d1707f 100644
--- a/esphome/core/defines.h
+++ b/esphome/core/defines.h
@@ -119,6 +119,7 @@
 #define USE_SWITCH
 #define USE_TEXT
 #define USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+#define USE_TEXT_SENSOR_FILTER
 #define USE_TIME
 #define USE_TOUCHSCREEN
 #define USE_UART_DEBUGGER

From 5c388a5200b65a9e4470d4f4a681e41c49517915 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: schrob <83939986+schdro@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 23 Feb 2026 04:39:36 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 153/609] [openthread_info] Optimize: Devirtualize/unify
 (#14208)

---
 .../openthread_info_text_sensor.h             | 28 +++++++------------
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread_info/openthread_info_text_sensor.h b/esphome/components/openthread_info/openthread_info_text_sensor.h
index ac5623e0c1..10e83281f0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/openthread_info/openthread_info_text_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread_info/openthread_info_text_sensor.h
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class OpenThreadInstancePollingComponent : public PollingComponent {
   virtual void update_instance(otInstance *instance) = 0;
 };
 
-class IPAddressOpenThreadInfo : public PollingComponent, public text_sensor::TextSensor {
+class IPAddressOpenThreadInfo final : public PollingComponent, public text_sensor::TextSensor {
  public:
   void update() override {
     std::optional<otIp6Address> address = openthread::global_openthread_component->get_omr_address();
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class IPAddressOpenThreadInfo : public PollingComponent, public text_sensor::Tex
   std::string last_ip_;
 };
 
-class RoleOpenThreadInfo : public OpenThreadInstancePollingComponent, public text_sensor::TextSensor {
+class RoleOpenThreadInfo final : public OpenThreadInstancePollingComponent, public text_sensor::TextSensor {
  public:
   void update_instance(otInstance *instance) override {
     otDeviceRole role = otThreadGetDeviceRole(instance);
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class RoleOpenThreadInfo : public OpenThreadInstancePollingComponent, public tex
   otDeviceRole last_role_;
 };
 
-class Rloc16OpenThreadInfo : public OpenThreadInstancePollingComponent, public text_sensor::TextSensor {
+class Rloc16OpenThreadInfo final : public OpenThreadInstancePollingComponent, public text_sensor::TextSensor {
  public:
   void update_instance(otInstance *instance) override {
     uint16_t rloc16 = otThreadGetRloc16(instance);
@@ -75,14 +75,13 @@ class Rloc16OpenThreadInfo : public OpenThreadInstancePollingComponent, public t
       this->publish_state(buf);
     }
   }
-  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::AFTER_WIFI; }
   void dump_config() override;
 
  protected:
   uint16_t last_rloc16_;
 };
 
-class ExtAddrOpenThreadInfo : public OpenThreadInstancePollingComponent, public text_sensor::TextSensor {
+class ExtAddrOpenThreadInfo final : public OpenThreadInstancePollingComponent, public text_sensor::TextSensor {
  public:
   void update_instance(otInstance *instance) override {
     const auto *extaddr = otLinkGetExtendedAddress(instance);
@@ -93,14 +92,13 @@ class ExtAddrOpenThreadInfo : public OpenThreadInstancePollingComponent, public
       this->publish_state(buf);
     }
   }
-  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::AFTER_WIFI; }
   void dump_config() override;
 
  protected:
   std::array<uint8_t, 8> last_extaddr_{};
 };
 
-class Eui64OpenThreadInfo : public OpenThreadInstancePollingComponent, public text_sensor::TextSensor {
+class Eui64OpenThreadInfo final : public OpenThreadInstancePollingComponent, public text_sensor::TextSensor {
  public:
   void update_instance(otInstance *instance) override {
     otExtAddress addr;
@@ -113,14 +111,13 @@ class Eui64OpenThreadInfo : public OpenThreadInstancePollingComponent, public te
       this->publish_state(buf);
     }
   }
-  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::AFTER_WIFI; }
   void dump_config() override;
 
  protected:
   std::array<uint8_t, 8> last_eui64_{};
 };
 
-class ChannelOpenThreadInfo : public OpenThreadInstancePollingComponent, public text_sensor::TextSensor {
+class ChannelOpenThreadInfo final : public OpenThreadInstancePollingComponent, public text_sensor::TextSensor {
  public:
   void update_instance(otInstance *instance) override {
     uint8_t channel = otLinkGetChannel(instance);
@@ -131,7 +128,6 @@ class ChannelOpenThreadInfo : public OpenThreadInstancePollingComponent, public
       this->publish_state(buf);
     }
   }
-  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::AFTER_WIFI; }
   void dump_config() override;
 
  protected:
@@ -153,7 +149,7 @@ class DatasetOpenThreadInfo : public OpenThreadInstancePollingComponent {
   virtual void update_dataset(otOperationalDataset *dataset) = 0;
 };
 
-class NetworkNameOpenThreadInfo : public DatasetOpenThreadInfo, public text_sensor::TextSensor {
+class NetworkNameOpenThreadInfo final : public DatasetOpenThreadInfo, public text_sensor::TextSensor {
  public:
   void update_dataset(otOperationalDataset *dataset) override {
     if (this->last_network_name_ != dataset->mNetworkName.m8) {
@@ -161,14 +157,13 @@ class NetworkNameOpenThreadInfo : public DatasetOpenThreadInfo, public text_sens
       this->publish_state(this->last_network_name_);
     }
   }
-  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::AFTER_WIFI; }
   void dump_config() override;
 
  protected:
   std::string last_network_name_;
 };
 
-class NetworkKeyOpenThreadInfo : public DatasetOpenThreadInfo, public text_sensor::TextSensor {
+class NetworkKeyOpenThreadInfo final : public DatasetOpenThreadInfo, public text_sensor::TextSensor {
  public:
   void update_dataset(otOperationalDataset *dataset) override {
     if (!std::equal(this->last_key_.begin(), this->last_key_.end(), dataset->mNetworkKey.m8)) {
@@ -178,14 +173,13 @@ class NetworkKeyOpenThreadInfo : public DatasetOpenThreadInfo, public text_senso
       this->publish_state(buf);
     }
   }
-  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::AFTER_WIFI; }
   void dump_config() override;
 
  protected:
   std::array<uint8_t, 16> last_key_{};
 };
 
-class PanIdOpenThreadInfo : public DatasetOpenThreadInfo, public text_sensor::TextSensor {
+class PanIdOpenThreadInfo final : public DatasetOpenThreadInfo, public text_sensor::TextSensor {
  public:
   void update_dataset(otOperationalDataset *dataset) override {
     uint16_t panid = dataset->mPanId;
@@ -196,14 +190,13 @@ class PanIdOpenThreadInfo : public DatasetOpenThreadInfo, public text_sensor::Te
       this->publish_state(buf);
     }
   }
-  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::AFTER_WIFI; }
   void dump_config() override;
 
  protected:
   uint16_t last_panid_;
 };
 
-class ExtPanIdOpenThreadInfo : public DatasetOpenThreadInfo, public text_sensor::TextSensor {
+class ExtPanIdOpenThreadInfo final : public DatasetOpenThreadInfo, public text_sensor::TextSensor {
  public:
   void update_dataset(otOperationalDataset *dataset) override {
     if (!std::equal(this->last_extpanid_.begin(), this->last_extpanid_.end(), dataset->mExtendedPanId.m8)) {
@@ -214,7 +207,6 @@ class ExtPanIdOpenThreadInfo : public DatasetOpenThreadInfo, public text_sensor:
     }
   }
 
-  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::AFTER_WIFI; }
   void dump_config() override;
 
  protected:

From 680160453355210018b073e0036c256d45a143ce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: schrob <83939986+schdro@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 23 Feb 2026 04:40:40 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 154/609] [openthread] Add Thread version DEBUG trace (#14196)

---
 esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp
index ec212d1f68..4f8db0634a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp
@@ -104,6 +104,8 @@ void OpenThreadComponent::ot_main() {
   esp_cli_custom_command_init();
 #endif  // CONFIG_OPENTHREAD_CLI_ESP_EXTENSION
 
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Thread Version: %" PRIu16, otThreadGetVersion());
+
   otLinkModeConfig link_mode_config{};
 #if CONFIG_OPENTHREAD_FTD
   link_mode_config.mRxOnWhenIdle = true;

From ee94bc471541a460c989b51cf317530b7ffa4611 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: schrob <83939986+schdro@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 23 Feb 2026 04:43:42 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 155/609] [openthread] Refactor to optimize and match code
 rules (#14156)

---
 esphome/components/openthread/openthread.cpp  |  4 +--
 esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h    | 10 +++----
 .../components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp  | 29 ++++++++++---------
 3 files changed, 23 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.cpp b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.cpp
index 90da17e2d3..d22a14aeae 100644
--- a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.cpp
@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@ void OpenThreadComponent::dump_config() {
 #elif CONFIG_OPENTHREAD_MTD
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Device Type: MTD");
   // TBD: Synchronized Sleepy End Device
-  if (this->poll_period > 0) {
+  if (this->poll_period_ > 0) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Device is configured as Sleepy End Device (SED)");
-    uint32_t duration = this->poll_period / 1000;
+    uint32_t duration = this->poll_period_ / 1000;
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Poll Period: %" PRIu32 "s", duration);
   } else {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Device is configured as Minimal End Device (MED)");
diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h
index 3c60acaadd..9e429f289b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h
@@ -36,22 +36,22 @@ class OpenThreadComponent : public Component {
   const char *get_use_address() const;
   void set_use_address(const char *use_address);
 #if CONFIG_OPENTHREAD_MTD
-  void set_poll_period(uint32_t poll_period) { this->poll_period = poll_period; }
+  void set_poll_period(uint32_t poll_period) { this->poll_period_ = poll_period; }
 #endif
 
  protected:
   std::optional<otIp6Address> get_omr_address_(InstanceLock &lock);
+  std::function<void()> factory_reset_external_callback_;
+#if CONFIG_OPENTHREAD_MTD
+  uint32_t poll_period_{0};
+#endif
   bool teardown_started_{false};
   bool teardown_complete_{false};
-  std::function<void()> factory_reset_external_callback_;
 
  private:
   // Stores a pointer to a string literal (static storage duration).
   // ONLY set from Python-generated code with string literals - never dynamic strings.
   const char *use_address_{""};
-#if CONFIG_OPENTHREAD_MTD
-  uint32_t poll_period{0};
-#endif
 };
 
 extern OpenThreadComponent *global_openthread_component;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp
index 4f8db0634a..bb70701471 100644
--- a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp
@@ -81,9 +81,11 @@ void OpenThreadComponent::ot_main() {
   // Initialize the OpenThread stack
   // otLoggingSetLevel(OT_LOG_LEVEL_DEBG);
   ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_openthread_init(&config));
+  // Fetch OT instance once to avoid repeated call into OT stack
+  otInstance *instance = esp_openthread_get_instance();
 
 #if CONFIG_OPENTHREAD_STATE_INDICATOR_ENABLE
-  ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_openthread_state_indicator_init(esp_openthread_get_instance()));
+  ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_openthread_state_indicator_init(instance));
 #endif
 
 #if CONFIG_OPENTHREAD_LOG_LEVEL_DYNAMIC
@@ -112,28 +114,29 @@ void OpenThreadComponent::ot_main() {
   link_mode_config.mDeviceType = true;
   link_mode_config.mNetworkData = true;
 #elif CONFIG_OPENTHREAD_MTD
-  if (this->poll_period > 0) {
-    if (otLinkSetPollPeriod(esp_openthread_get_instance(), this->poll_period) != OT_ERROR_NONE) {
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to set OpenThread pollperiod.");
+  if (this->poll_period_ > 0) {
+    if (otLinkSetPollPeriod(instance, this->poll_period_) != OT_ERROR_NONE) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to set pollperiod");
     }
-    uint32_t link_polling_period = otLinkGetPollPeriod(esp_openthread_get_instance());
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Link Polling Period: %" PRIu32, link_polling_period);
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Link Polling Period: %" PRIu32, otLinkGetPollPeriod(instance));
   }
-  link_mode_config.mRxOnWhenIdle = this->poll_period == 0;
+  link_mode_config.mRxOnWhenIdle = this->poll_period_ == 0;
   link_mode_config.mDeviceType = false;
   link_mode_config.mNetworkData = false;
 #endif
 
-  if (otThreadSetLinkMode(esp_openthread_get_instance(), link_mode_config) != OT_ERROR_NONE) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to set OpenThread linkmode.");
+  if (otThreadSetLinkMode(instance, link_mode_config) != OT_ERROR_NONE) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to set linkmode");
   }
-  link_mode_config = otThreadGetLinkMode(esp_openthread_get_instance());
+#ifdef ESPHOME_LOG_HAS_DEBUG  // Fetch link mode from OT only when DEBUG
+  link_mode_config = otThreadGetLinkMode(instance);
   ESP_LOGD(TAG,
            "Link Mode Device Type: %s\n"
            "Link Mode Network Data: %s\n"
            "Link Mode RX On When Idle: %s",
-           link_mode_config.mDeviceType ? "true" : "false", link_mode_config.mNetworkData ? "true" : "false",
-           link_mode_config.mRxOnWhenIdle ? "true" : "false");
+           TRUEFALSE(link_mode_config.mDeviceType), TRUEFALSE(link_mode_config.mNetworkData),
+           TRUEFALSE(link_mode_config.mRxOnWhenIdle));
+#endif
 
   // Run the main loop
 #if CONFIG_OPENTHREAD_CLI
@@ -144,7 +147,7 @@ void OpenThreadComponent::ot_main() {
 
 #ifndef USE_OPENTHREAD_FORCE_DATASET
   // Check if openthread has a valid dataset from a previous execution
-  otError error = otDatasetGetActiveTlvs(esp_openthread_get_instance(), &dataset);
+  otError error = otDatasetGetActiveTlvs(instance, &dataset);
   if (error != OT_ERROR_NONE) {
     // Make sure the length is 0 so we fallback to the configuration
     dataset.mLength = 0;

From 417f4535af983e90d5ac2407847a29f15cb4905e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 22 Feb 2026 22:25:20 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 156/609] [logger] Use subtraction-based line number formatting
 to avoid division (#14219)

---
 esphome/components/logger/log_buffer.h | 24 ++++++++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/log_buffer.h b/esphome/components/logger/log_buffer.h
index 3d87278248..a56276f732 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/log_buffer.h
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/log_buffer.h
@@ -75,18 +75,13 @@ struct LogBuffer {
 
     *p++ = ':';
 
-    // Format line number without modulo operations
+    // Format line number using subtraction loops (no division - important for ESP8266 which lacks hardware divider)
     if (line > 999) [[unlikely]] {
-      int thousands = line / 1000;
-      *p++ = '0' + thousands;
-      line -= thousands * 1000;
+      write_digit(p, line, 1000);
     }
-    int hundreds = line / 100;
-    int remainder = line - hundreds * 100;
-    int tens = remainder / 10;
-    *p++ = '0' + hundreds;
-    *p++ = '0' + tens;
-    *p++ = '0' + (remainder - tens * 10);
+    write_digit(p, line, 100);
+    write_digit(p, line, 10);
+    *p++ = '0' + line;
     *p++ = ']';
 
 #if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_ZEPHYR) || defined(USE_HOST)
@@ -162,6 +157,15 @@ struct LogBuffer {
     this->process_vsnprintf_result_(vsnprintf_P(this->current_(), this->remaining_(), format, args));
   }
 #endif
+  // Extract one decimal digit via subtraction (no division - important for ESP8266)
+  static inline void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE write_digit(char *&p, int &value, int divisor) {
+    char d = '0';
+    while (value >= divisor) {
+      d++;
+      value -= divisor;
+    }
+    *p++ = d;
+  }
   // Write ANSI color escape sequence to buffer, updates pointer in place
   // Caller is responsible for ensuring buffer has sufficient space
   void write_ansi_color_(char *&p, uint8_t level) {

From fb6c7d81d5b3832c19eb1dd7b61c70a944742d8a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 23 Feb 2026 00:08:40 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 157/609] [core] Fix multiline log continuations without
 leading whitespace (#14217)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .../absolute_humidity/absolute_humidity.cpp   |  5 +-
 esphome/components/anova/anova.cpp            |  6 +-
 esphome/components/as3935/as3935.cpp          |  6 +-
 esphome/components/at581x/at581x.cpp          | 16 ++---
 .../components/binary_sensor/automation.cpp   |  6 +-
 esphome/components/bl0940/bl0940.cpp          |  5 +-
 .../current_based/current_based_cover.cpp     |  8 +--
 esphome/components/debug/debug_esp32.cpp      | 60 ++++++++++---------
 esphome/components/debug/debug_esp8266.cpp    | 18 +++---
 esphome/components/debug/debug_libretiny.cpp  | 14 +++--
 esphome/components/debug/debug_zephyr.cpp     | 42 +++++++------
 .../components/dfrobot_sen0395/commands.cpp   | 16 ++---
 esphome/components/emmeti/emmeti.cpp          | 19 ++----
 .../components/ens160_base/ens160_base.cpp    | 13 ++--
 esphome/components/es8388/es8388.cpp          |  7 ++-
 .../esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp      |  6 +-
 .../update/esp32_hosted_update.cpp            | 11 ++--
 .../packet_transport/espnow_transport.cpp     |  8 +--
 .../ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp           |  5 +-
 esphome/components/ezo_pmp/ezo_pmp.cpp        |  6 +-
 esphome/components/gcja5/gcja5.cpp            |  8 +--
 .../graphical_display_menu.cpp                | 14 ++---
 .../components/honeywellabp/honeywellabp.cpp  |  5 +-
 .../http_request/ota/ota_http_request.cpp     |  3 +-
 .../components/ina2xx_base/ina2xx_base.cpp    |  6 +-
 esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp          |  7 +--
 esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.cpp          |  5 +-
 esphome/components/ledc/ledc_output.cpp       |  6 +-
 esphome/components/max6956/max6956.cpp        |  6 +-
 .../components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp32.cpp    |  5 +-
 .../nextion/nextion_upload_arduino.cpp        | 22 ++-----
 .../nextion/nextion_upload_esp32.cpp          | 30 ++--------
 .../components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp  |  8 +--
 .../components/pi4ioe5v6408/pi4ioe5v6408.cpp  |  7 ++-
 esphome/components/pipsolar/pipsolar.cpp      |  3 +-
 esphome/components/pn532/pn532.cpp            |  5 +-
 esphome/components/pn7150/pn7150.cpp          | 15 +++--
 esphome/components/pn7160/pn7160.cpp          | 16 +++--
 esphome/components/qmp6988/qmp6988.cpp        | 26 ++++----
 .../remote_base/pronto_protocol.cpp           |  5 +-
 esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.cpp    | 10 ++--
 esphome/components/sim800l/sim800l.cpp        |  2 +-
 esphome/components/sonoff_d1/sonoff_d1.cpp    | 10 +---
 esphome/components/sun/sun.cpp                | 29 ++++-----
 .../components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp   | 44 +++++++-------
 esphome/components/usb_uart/cp210x.cpp        |  6 +-
 .../voice_assistant/voice_assistant.cpp       |  4 +-
 esphome/components/wl_134/wl_134.cpp          | 13 ++--
 esphome/components/xgzp68xx/xgzp68xx.cpp      |  6 +-
 script/ci-custom.py                           | 33 ++++++++++
 50 files changed, 291 insertions(+), 345 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/absolute_humidity/absolute_humidity.cpp b/esphome/components/absolute_humidity/absolute_humidity.cpp
index 9c66531d05..40676f8655 100644
--- a/esphome/components/absolute_humidity/absolute_humidity.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/absolute_humidity/absolute_humidity.cpp
@@ -92,10 +92,7 @@ void AbsoluteHumidityComponent::loop() {
   // Calculate absolute humidity
   const float absolute_humidity = vapor_density(es, hr, temperature_k);
 
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG,
-           "Saturation vapor pressure %f kPa\n"
-           "Publishing absolute humidity %f g/m³",
-           es, absolute_humidity);
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Saturation vapor pressure %f kPa, absolute humidity %f g/m³", es, absolute_humidity);
 
   // Publish absolute humidity
   this->status_clear_warning();
diff --git a/esphome/components/anova/anova.cpp b/esphome/components/anova/anova.cpp
index 5054488089..2693224a97 100644
--- a/esphome/components/anova/anova.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/anova/anova.cpp
@@ -67,10 +67,8 @@ void Anova::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc_
     case ESP_GATTC_SEARCH_CMPL_EVT: {
       auto *chr = this->parent_->get_characteristic(ANOVA_SERVICE_UUID, ANOVA_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID);
       if (chr == nullptr) {
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG,
-                 "[%s] No control service found at device, not an Anova..?\n"
-                 "[%s] Note, this component does not currently support Anova Nano.",
-                 this->get_name().c_str(), this->get_name().c_str());
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] No control service found at device, not an Anova..?", this->get_name().c_str());
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Note, this component does not currently support Anova Nano.", this->get_name().c_str());
         break;
       }
       this->char_handle_ = chr->handle;
diff --git a/esphome/components/as3935/as3935.cpp b/esphome/components/as3935/as3935.cpp
index dd0ab714f7..c4dc0466a0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/as3935/as3935.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/as3935/as3935.cpp
@@ -307,9 +307,9 @@ void AS3935Component::tune_antenna() {
   uint8_t tune_val = this->read_capacitance();
   ESP_LOGI(TAG,
            "Starting antenna tuning\n"
-           "Division Ratio is set to: %d\n"
-           "Internal Capacitor is set to: %d\n"
-           "Displaying oscillator on INT pin. Measure its frequency - multiply value by Division Ratio",
+           "  Division Ratio is set to: %d\n"
+           "  Internal Capacitor is set to: %d\n"
+           "  Displaying oscillator on INT pin. Measure its frequency - multiply value by Division Ratio",
            div_ratio, tune_val);
   this->display_oscillator(true, ANTFREQ);
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/at581x/at581x.cpp b/esphome/components/at581x/at581x.cpp
index 6804a7f4b5..728fbe20c6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/at581x/at581x.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/at581x/at581x.cpp
@@ -77,14 +77,14 @@ void AT581XComponent::dump_config() { LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this); }
 bool AT581XComponent::i2c_write_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "Writing new config for AT581X\n"
-                "Frequency: %dMHz\n"
-                "Sensing distance: %d\n"
-                "Power: %dµA\n"
-                "Gain: %d\n"
-                "Trigger base time: %dms\n"
-                "Trigger keep time: %dms\n"
-                "Protect time: %dms\n"
-                "Self check time: %dms",
+                "  Frequency: %dMHz\n"
+                "  Sensing distance: %d\n"
+                "  Power: %dµA\n"
+                "  Gain: %d\n"
+                "  Trigger base time: %dms\n"
+                "  Trigger keep time: %dms\n"
+                "  Protect time: %dms\n"
+                "  Self check time: %dms",
                 this->freq_, this->delta_, this->power_, this->gain_, this->trigger_base_time_ms_,
                 this->trigger_keep_time_ms_, this->protect_time_ms_, this->self_check_time_ms_);
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/binary_sensor/automation.cpp b/esphome/components/binary_sensor/automation.cpp
index faebe7e88f..7e43d42357 100644
--- a/esphome/components/binary_sensor/automation.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/binary_sensor/automation.cpp
@@ -29,10 +29,8 @@ void MultiClickTrigger::on_state_(bool state) {
     // Start matching
     MultiClickTriggerEvent evt = this->timing_[0];
     if (evt.state == state) {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG,
-               "START min=%" PRIu32 " max=%" PRIu32 "\n"
-               "Multi Click: Starting multi click action!",
-               evt.min_length, evt.max_length);
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "START min=%" PRIu32 " max=%" PRIu32, evt.min_length, evt.max_length);
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Multi Click: Starting multi click action!");
       this->at_index_ = 1;
       if (this->timing_.size() == 1 && evt.max_length == 4294967294UL) {
         this->set_timeout(MULTICLICK_TRIGGER_ID, evt.min_length, [this]() { this->trigger_(); });
diff --git a/esphome/components/bl0940/bl0940.cpp b/esphome/components/bl0940/bl0940.cpp
index 42e20eb69b..31625ebf6d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bl0940/bl0940.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/bl0940/bl0940.cpp
@@ -182,7 +182,10 @@ void BL0940::recalibrate_() {
 
   ESP_LOGD(TAG,
            "Recalibrated reference values:\n"
-           "Voltage: %f\n, Current: %f\n, Power: %f\n, Energy: %f\n",
+           "  Voltage: %f\n"
+           "  Current: %f\n"
+           "  Power: %f\n"
+           "  Energy: %f",
            this->voltage_reference_cal_, this->current_reference_cal_, this->power_reference_cal_,
            this->energy_reference_cal_);
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/current_based/current_based_cover.cpp b/esphome/components/current_based/current_based_cover.cpp
index 5dfaeeff39..58ae7cbc34 100644
--- a/esphome/components/current_based/current_based_cover.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/current_based/current_based_cover.cpp
@@ -148,14 +148,14 @@ void CurrentBasedCover::dump_config() {
   }
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "  Close Duration: %.1fs\n"
-                "Obstacle Rollback: %.1f%%",
+                "  Obstacle Rollback: %.1f%%",
                 this->close_duration_ / 1e3f, this->obstacle_rollback_ * 100);
   if (this->max_duration_ != UINT32_MAX) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Maximum duration: %.1fs", this->max_duration_ / 1e3f);
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Maximum duration: %.1fs", this->max_duration_ / 1e3f);
   }
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
-                "Start sensing delay: %.1fs\n"
-                "Malfunction detection: %s",
+                "  Start sensing delay: %.1fs\n"
+                "  Malfunction detection: %s",
                 this->start_sensing_delay_ / 1e3f, YESNO(this->malfunction_detection_));
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/debug/debug_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/debug/debug_esp32.cpp
index aad4c7426c..6898621dd0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/debug/debug_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/debug/debug_esp32.cpp
@@ -79,7 +79,6 @@ const char *DebugComponent::get_reset_reason_(std::span<char, RESET_REASON_BUFFE
   } else {
     snprintf(buf, size, "unknown source");
   }
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Reset Reason: %s", buf);
   return buf;
 }
 
@@ -107,7 +106,6 @@ const char *DebugComponent::get_wakeup_cause_(std::span<char, RESET_REASON_BUFFE
   } else {
     wake_reason = "unknown source";
   }
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Wakeup Reason: %s", wake_reason);
   // Return the static string directly - no need to copy to buffer
   return wake_reason;
 }
@@ -172,7 +170,6 @@ size_t DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::span<char, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE>
   }
   uint32_t flash_size = ESP.getFlashChipSize() / 1024;       // NOLINT
   uint32_t flash_speed = ESP.getFlashChipSpeed() / 1000000;  // NOLINT
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Flash Chip: Size=%" PRIu32 "kB Speed=%" PRIu32 "MHz Mode=%s", flash_size, flash_speed, flash_mode);
   pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Flash: %" PRIu32 "kB Speed:%" PRIu32 "MHz Mode:%s", flash_size, flash_speed,
                           flash_mode);
 #endif
@@ -194,39 +191,46 @@ size_t DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::span<char, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE>
   if (info.features != 0) {
     pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "%sOther:0x%" PRIx32, first_feature ? "" : ", ", info.features);
   }
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Chip: Model=%s, Cores=%u, Revision=%u", model, info.cores, info.revision);
   pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, " Cores:%u Revision:%u", info.cores, info.revision);
 
   uint32_t cpu_freq_mhz = arch_get_cpu_freq_hz() / 1000000;
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "CPU Frequency: %" PRIu32 " MHz", cpu_freq_mhz);
   pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|CPU Frequency: %" PRIu32 " MHz", cpu_freq_mhz);
 
-  // Framework detection
-#ifdef USE_ARDUINO
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Framework: Arduino");
-  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Framework: Arduino");
-#elif defined(USE_ESP32)
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Framework: ESP-IDF");
-  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Framework: ESP-IDF");
-#else
-  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Framework: UNKNOWN");
-  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Framework: UNKNOWN");
-#endif
-
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "ESP-IDF Version: %s", esp_get_idf_version());
-  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|ESP-IDF: %s", esp_get_idf_version());
-
-  uint8_t mac[6];
-  get_mac_address_raw(mac);
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "EFuse MAC: %02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X", mac[0], mac[1], mac[2], mac[3], mac[4], mac[5]);
-  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|EFuse MAC: %02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X", mac[0], mac[1], mac[2], mac[3],
-                          mac[4], mac[5]);
-
   char reason_buffer[RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE];
   const char *reset_reason = get_reset_reason_(std::span<char, RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE>(reason_buffer));
-  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Reset: %s", reset_reason);
-
   const char *wakeup_cause = get_wakeup_cause_(std::span<char, RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE>(reason_buffer));
+
+  uint8_t mac[6];
+  get_mac_address_raw(mac);
+
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG,
+           "ESP32 debug info:\n"
+           "  Chip: %s\n"
+           "  Cores: %u\n"
+           "  Revision: %u\n"
+           "  CPU Frequency: %" PRIu32 " MHz\n"
+           "  ESP-IDF Version: %s\n"
+           "  EFuse MAC: %02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X\n"
+           "  Reset Reason: %s\n"
+           "  Wakeup Cause: %s",
+           model, info.cores, info.revision, cpu_freq_mhz, esp_get_idf_version(), mac[0], mac[1], mac[2], mac[3],
+           mac[4], mac[5], reset_reason, wakeup_cause);
+#if defined(USE_ARDUINO)
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Flash: Size=%" PRIu32 "kB Speed=%" PRIu32 "MHz Mode=%s", flash_size, flash_speed, flash_mode);
+#endif
+  // Framework detection
+#ifdef USE_ARDUINO
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Framework: Arduino");
+  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Framework: Arduino");
+#else
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Framework: ESP-IDF");
+  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Framework: ESP-IDF");
+#endif
+
+  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|ESP-IDF: %s", esp_get_idf_version());
+  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|EFuse MAC: %02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X", mac[0], mac[1], mac[2], mac[3],
+                          mac[4], mac[5]);
+  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Reset: %s", reset_reason);
   pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Wakeup: %s", wakeup_cause);
 
   return pos;
diff --git a/esphome/components/debug/debug_esp8266.cpp b/esphome/components/debug/debug_esp8266.cpp
index 1a07ec4f3a..4df4aaa851 100644
--- a/esphome/components/debug/debug_esp8266.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/debug/debug_esp8266.cpp
@@ -128,14 +128,16 @@ size_t DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::span<char, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE>
   // NOLINTEND(readability-static-accessed-through-instance)
 
   ESP_LOGD(TAG,
-           "Chip ID: 0x%08" PRIX32 "\n"
-           "SDK Version: %s\n"
-           "Core Version: %s\n"
-           "Boot Version=%u Mode=%u\n"
-           "CPU Frequency: %u\n"
-           "Flash Chip ID=0x%08" PRIX32 "\n"
-           "Reset Reason: %s\n"
-           "Reset Info: %s",
+           "ESP8266 debug info:\n"
+           "  Chip ID: 0x%08" PRIX32 "\n"
+           "  SDK Version: %s\n"
+           "  Core Version: %s\n"
+           "  Boot Version: %u\n"
+           "  Boot Mode: %u\n"
+           "  CPU Frequency: %u\n"
+           "  Flash Chip ID: 0x%08" PRIX32 "\n"
+           "  Reset Reason: %s\n"
+           "  Reset Info: %s",
            chip_id, sdk_version, get_core_version_str(core_version_buffer), boot_version, boot_mode, cpu_freq,
            flash_chip_id, reset_reason, get_reset_info_str(reset_info_buffer, resetInfo.reason));
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/debug/debug_libretiny.cpp b/esphome/components/debug/debug_libretiny.cpp
index 14bbdb945a..39269d6f2f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/debug/debug_libretiny.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/debug/debug_libretiny.cpp
@@ -27,12 +27,14 @@ size_t DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::span<char, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE>
   uint32_t mac_id = lt_cpu_get_mac_id();
 
   ESP_LOGD(TAG,
-           "LibreTiny Version: %s\n"
-           "Chip: %s (%04x) @ %u MHz\n"
-           "Chip ID: 0x%06" PRIX32 "\n"
-           "Board: %s\n"
-           "Flash: %" PRIu32 " KiB / RAM: %" PRIu32 " KiB\n"
-           "Reset Reason: %s",
+           "LibreTiny debug info:\n"
+           "  Version: %s\n"
+           "  Chip: %s (%04x) @ %u MHz\n"
+           "  Chip ID: 0x%06" PRIX32 "\n"
+           "  Board: %s\n"
+           "  Flash: %" PRIu32 " KiB\n"
+           "  RAM: %" PRIu32 " KiB\n"
+           "  Reset Reason: %s",
            lt_get_version(), lt_cpu_get_model_name(), lt_cpu_get_model(), lt_cpu_get_freq_mhz(), mac_id,
            lt_get_board_code(), flash_kib, ram_kib, reset_reason);
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/debug/debug_zephyr.cpp b/esphome/components/debug/debug_zephyr.cpp
index ecca7150bd..bd6432e949 100644
--- a/esphome/components/debug/debug_zephyr.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/debug/debug_zephyr.cpp
@@ -79,13 +79,13 @@ static void fa_cb(const struct flash_area *fa, void *user_data) {
 void DebugComponent::log_partition_info_() {
 #if CONFIG_FLASH_MAP_LABELS
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "ID | Device     | Device Name               "
-                     "| Label                   | Offset     | Size\n"
-                     "--------------------------------------------"
+                     "| Label                   | Offset     | Size");
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "--------------------------------------------"
                      "-----------------------------------------------");
 #else
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "ID | Device     | Device Name               "
-                     "| Offset     | Size\n"
-                     "-----------------------------------------"
+                     "| Offset     | Size");
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "-----------------------------------------"
                      "------------------------------");
 #endif
   flash_area_foreach(fa_cb, nullptr);
@@ -284,11 +284,12 @@ size_t DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::span<char, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE>
   char mac_pretty[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
   get_mac_address_pretty_into_buffer(mac_pretty);
   ESP_LOGD(TAG,
-           "Code page size: %u, code size: %u, device id: 0x%08x%08x\n"
-           "Encryption root: 0x%08x%08x%08x%08x, Identity Root: 0x%08x%08x%08x%08x\n"
-           "Device address type: %s, address: %s\n"
-           "Part code: nRF%x, version: %c%c%c%c, package: %s\n"
-           "RAM: %ukB, Flash: %ukB, production test: %sdone",
+           "nRF debug info:\n"
+           "  Code page size: %u, code size: %u, device id: 0x%08x%08x\n"
+           "  Encryption root: 0x%08x%08x%08x%08x, Identity Root: 0x%08x%08x%08x%08x\n"
+           "  Device address type: %s, address: %s\n"
+           "  Part code: nRF%x, version: %c%c%c%c, package: %s\n"
+           "  RAM: %ukB, Flash: %ukB, production test: %sdone",
            NRF_FICR->CODEPAGESIZE, NRF_FICR->CODESIZE, NRF_FICR->DEVICEID[1], NRF_FICR->DEVICEID[0], NRF_FICR->ER[0],
            NRF_FICR->ER[1], NRF_FICR->ER[2], NRF_FICR->ER[3], NRF_FICR->IR[0], NRF_FICR->IR[1], NRF_FICR->IR[2],
            NRF_FICR->IR[3], (NRF_FICR->DEVICEADDRTYPE & 0x1 ? "Random" : "Public"), mac_pretty, NRF_FICR->INFO.PART,
@@ -299,23 +300,22 @@ size_t DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::span<char, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE>
                          (NRF_UICR->PSELRESET[0] & UICR_PSELRESET_CONNECT_Msk) == UICR_PSELRESET_CONNECT_Connected
                                                                                       << UICR_PSELRESET_CONNECT_Pos;
   ESP_LOGD(
-      TAG, "GPIO as NFC pins: %s, GPIO as nRESET pin: %s",
+      TAG, "  GPIO as NFC pins: %s, GPIO as nRESET pin: %s",
       YESNO((NRF_UICR->NFCPINS & UICR_NFCPINS_PROTECT_Msk) == (UICR_NFCPINS_PROTECT_NFC << UICR_NFCPINS_PROTECT_Pos)),
       YESNO(n_reset_enabled));
   if (n_reset_enabled) {
     uint8_t port = (NRF_UICR->PSELRESET[0] & UICR_PSELRESET_PORT_Msk) >> UICR_PSELRESET_PORT_Pos;
     uint8_t pin = (NRF_UICR->PSELRESET[0] & UICR_PSELRESET_PIN_Msk) >> UICR_PSELRESET_PIN_Pos;
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "nRESET port P%u.%02u", port, pin);
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  nRESET port P%u.%02u", port, pin);
   }
 #ifdef USE_BOOTLOADER_MCUBOOT
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "bootloader: mcuboot");
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Bootloader: mcuboot");
 #else
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "bootloader: Adafruit, version %u.%u.%u", (BOOTLOADER_VERSION_REGISTER >> 16) & 0xFF,
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Bootloader: Adafruit, version %u.%u.%u", (BOOTLOADER_VERSION_REGISTER >> 16) & 0xFF,
            (BOOTLOADER_VERSION_REGISTER >> 8) & 0xFF, BOOTLOADER_VERSION_REGISTER & 0xFF);
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG,
-           "MBR bootloader addr 0x%08x, UICR bootloader addr 0x%08x\n"
-           "MBR param page addr 0x%08x, UICR param page addr 0x%08x",
-           read_mem_u32(MBR_BOOTLOADER_ADDR), NRF_UICR->NRFFW[0], read_mem_u32(MBR_PARAM_PAGE_ADDR),
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  MBR bootloader addr 0x%08x, UICR bootloader addr 0x%08x", read_mem_u32(MBR_BOOTLOADER_ADDR),
+           NRF_UICR->NRFFW[0]);
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  MBR param page addr 0x%08x, UICR param page addr 0x%08x", read_mem_u32(MBR_PARAM_PAGE_ADDR),
            NRF_UICR->NRFFW[1]);
   if (is_sd_present()) {
     uint32_t const sd_id = sd_id_get();
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ size_t DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::span<char, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE>
     ver[1] = (sd_version - ver[0] * 1000000) / 1000;
     ver[2] = (sd_version - ver[0] * 1000000 - ver[1] * 1000);
 
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "SoftDevice: S%u %u.%u.%u", sd_id, ver[0], ver[1], ver[2]);
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  SoftDevice: S%u %u.%u.%u", sd_id, ver[0], ver[1], ver[2]);
 #ifdef USE_SOFTDEVICE_ID
 #ifdef USE_SOFTDEVICE_VERSION
     if (USE_SOFTDEVICE_ID != sd_id || USE_SOFTDEVICE_VERSION != ver[0]) {
@@ -352,10 +352,8 @@ size_t DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::span<char, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE>
     }
     return res;
   };
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG,
-           "NRFFW %s\n"
-           "NRFHW %s",
-           uicr(NRF_UICR->NRFFW, 13).c_str(), uicr(NRF_UICR->NRFHW, 12).c_str());
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  NRFFW %s", uicr(NRF_UICR->NRFFW, 13).c_str());
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  NRFHW %s", uicr(NRF_UICR->NRFHW, 12).c_str());
 
   return pos;
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/commands.cpp b/esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/commands.cpp
index 2c44c6fba9..0f69c82f39 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/commands.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/commands.cpp
@@ -187,18 +187,18 @@ uint8_t DetRangeCfgCommand::on_message(std::string &message) {
   } else if (message == "Done") {
     ESP_LOGI(TAG,
              "Updated detection area config:\n"
-             "Detection area 1 from %.02fm to %.02fm.",
+             "  Detection area 1 from %.02fm to %.02fm.",
              this->min1_, this->max1_);
     if (this->min2_ >= 0 && this->max2_ >= 0) {
-      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Detection area 2 from %.02fm to %.02fm.", this->min2_, this->max2_);
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "  Detection area 2 from %.02fm to %.02fm.", this->min2_, this->max2_);
     }
     if (this->min3_ >= 0 && this->max3_ >= 0) {
-      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Detection area 3 from %.02fm to %.02fm.", this->min3_, this->max3_);
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "  Detection area 3 from %.02fm to %.02fm.", this->min3_, this->max3_);
     }
     if (this->min4_ >= 0 && this->max4_ >= 0) {
-      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Detection area 4 from %.02fm to %.02fm.", this->min4_, this->max4_);
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "  Detection area 4 from %.02fm to %.02fm.", this->min4_, this->max4_);
     }
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Used command: %s", this->cmd_.c_str());
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Used command: %s", this->cmd_.c_str());
     return 1;  // Command done
   }
   return 0;  // Command not done yet.
@@ -222,10 +222,10 @@ uint8_t SetLatencyCommand::on_message(std::string &message) {
   } else if (message == "Done") {
     ESP_LOGI(TAG,
              "Updated output latency config:\n"
-             "Signal that someone was detected is delayed by %.03f s.\n"
-             "Signal that nobody is detected anymore is delayed by %.03f s.",
+             "  Signal that someone was detected is delayed by %.03f s.\n"
+             "  Signal that nobody is detected anymore is delayed by %.03f s.",
              this->delay_after_detection_, this->delay_after_disappear_);
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Used command: %s", this->cmd_.c_str());
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Used command: %s", this->cmd_.c_str());
     return 1;  // Command done
   }
   return 0;  // Command not done yet
diff --git a/esphome/components/emmeti/emmeti.cpp b/esphome/components/emmeti/emmeti.cpp
index 5286f962b8..d3e923cbef 100644
--- a/esphome/components/emmeti/emmeti.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/emmeti/emmeti.cpp
@@ -153,10 +153,7 @@ void EmmetiClimate::reverse_add_(T val, size_t len, esphome::remote_base::Remote
 
 bool EmmetiClimate::check_checksum_(uint8_t checksum) {
   uint8_t expected = this->gen_checksum_();
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG,
-           "Expected checksum: %X\n"
-           "Checksum received: %X",
-           expected, checksum);
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Expected checksum: %X, Checksum received: %X", expected, checksum);
 
   return checksum == expected;
 }
@@ -266,10 +263,7 @@ bool EmmetiClimate::on_receive(remote_base::RemoteReceiveData data) {
     }
   }
 
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG,
-           "Swing: %d\n"
-           "Sleep: %d",
-           (curr_state.bitmap >> 1) & 0x01, (curr_state.bitmap >> 2) & 0x01);
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Swing: %d, Sleep: %d", (curr_state.bitmap >> 1) & 0x01, (curr_state.bitmap >> 2) & 0x01);
 
   for (size_t pos = 0; pos < 4; pos++) {
     if (data.expect_item(EMMETI_BIT_MARK, EMMETI_ONE_SPACE)) {
@@ -295,13 +289,8 @@ bool EmmetiClimate::on_receive(remote_base::RemoteReceiveData data) {
     }
   }
 
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG,
-           "Turbo: %d\n"
-           "Light: %d\n"
-           "Tree: %d\n"
-           "Blow: %d",
-           (curr_state.bitmap >> 3) & 0x01, (curr_state.bitmap >> 4) & 0x01, (curr_state.bitmap >> 5) & 0x01,
-           (curr_state.bitmap >> 6) & 0x01);
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Turbo: %d, Light: %d, Tree: %d, Blow: %d", (curr_state.bitmap >> 3) & 0x01,
+           (curr_state.bitmap >> 4) & 0x01, (curr_state.bitmap >> 5) & 0x01, (curr_state.bitmap >> 6) & 0x01);
 
   uint16_t control_data = 0;
   for (size_t pos = 0; pos < 11; pos++) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/ens160_base/ens160_base.cpp b/esphome/components/ens160_base/ens160_base.cpp
index 785b053f04..e1cee5005c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ens160_base/ens160_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ens160_base/ens160_base.cpp
@@ -152,12 +152,13 @@ void ENS160Component::update() {
 
   // verbose status logging
   ESP_LOGV(TAG,
-           "Status: ENS160 STATAS bit    0x%x\n"
-           "Status: ENS160 STATER bit    0x%x\n"
-           "Status: ENS160 VALIDITY FLAG 0x%02x\n"
-           "Status: ENS160 NEWDAT bit    0x%x\n"
-           "Status: ENS160 NEWGPR bit    0x%x",
-           (ENS160_DATA_STATUS_STATAS & (status_value)) == ENS160_DATA_STATUS_STATAS,
+           "ENS160 Status Register: 0x%02x\n"
+           "  STATAS bit    0x%x\n"
+           "  STATER bit    0x%x\n"
+           "  VALIDITY FLAG 0x%02x\n"
+           "  NEWDAT bit    0x%x\n"
+           "  NEWGPR bit    0x%x",
+           status_value, (ENS160_DATA_STATUS_STATAS & (status_value)) == ENS160_DATA_STATUS_STATAS,
            (ENS160_DATA_STATUS_STATER & (status_value)) == ENS160_DATA_STATUS_STATER,
            (ENS160_DATA_STATUS_VALIDITY & status_value) >> 2,
            (ENS160_DATA_STATUS_NEWDAT & (status_value)) == ENS160_DATA_STATUS_NEWDAT,
diff --git a/esphome/components/es8388/es8388.cpp b/esphome/components/es8388/es8388.cpp
index 9deb29416f..72026a2a84 100644
--- a/esphome/components/es8388/es8388.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/es8388/es8388.cpp
@@ -209,9 +209,10 @@ bool ES8388::set_dac_output(DacOutputLine line) {
   };
 
   ESP_LOGV(TAG,
-           "Setting ES8388_DACPOWER to 0x%02X\n"
-           "Setting ES8388_DACCONTROL24 / ES8388_DACCONTROL25 to 0x%02X\n"
-           "Setting ES8388_DACCONTROL26 / ES8388_DACCONTROL27  to 0x%02X",
+           "DAC output config:\n"
+           "  DACPOWER: 0x%02X\n"
+           "  DACCONTROL24/25: 0x%02X\n"
+           "  DACCONTROL26/27: 0x%02X",
            dac_power, reg_out1, reg_out2);
 
   ES8388_ERROR_CHECK(this->write_byte(ES8388_DACCONTROL24, reg_out1));  // LOUT1VOL
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp
index 3f0eeeab4a..e6a85c784a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp
@@ -423,10 +423,8 @@ bool BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
         for (auto &svc : this->services_) {
           char uuid_buf[espbt::UUID_STR_LEN];
           svc->uuid.to_str(uuid_buf);
-          ESP_LOGV(TAG,
-                   "[%d] [%s] Service UUID: %s\n"
-                   "[%d] [%s]  start_handle: 0x%x  end_handle: 0x%x",
-                   this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, uuid_buf, this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
+          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Service UUID: %s", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, uuid_buf);
+          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s]  start_handle: 0x%x  end_handle: 0x%x", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
                    svc->start_handle, svc->end_handle);
         }
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_hosted/update/esp32_hosted_update.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_hosted/update/esp32_hosted_update.cpp
index c8e2e879d4..dcd6e643c2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_hosted/update/esp32_hosted_update.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_hosted/update/esp32_hosted_update.cpp
@@ -106,11 +106,12 @@ void Esp32HostedUpdate::setup() {
     esp_app_desc_t *app_desc = (esp_app_desc_t *) (this->firmware_data_ + app_desc_offset);
     if (app_desc->magic_word == ESP_APP_DESC_MAGIC_WORD) {
       ESP_LOGD(TAG,
-               "Firmware version: %s\n"
-               "Project name: %s\n"
-               "Build date: %s\n"
-               "Build time: %s\n"
-               "IDF version: %s",
+               "ESP32 Hosted firmware:\n"
+               "  Firmware version: %s\n"
+               "  Project name: %s\n"
+               "  Build date: %s\n"
+               "  Build time: %s\n"
+               "  IDF version: %s",
                app_desc->version, app_desc->project_name, app_desc->date, app_desc->time, app_desc->idf_ver);
       this->update_info_.latest_version = app_desc->version;
       if (this->update_info_.latest_version != this->update_info_.current_version) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/espnow/packet_transport/espnow_transport.cpp b/esphome/components/espnow/packet_transport/espnow_transport.cpp
index 3d16f28c7d..6e4f606466 100644
--- a/esphome/components/espnow/packet_transport/espnow_transport.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/espnow/packet_transport/espnow_transport.cpp
@@ -21,11 +21,9 @@ void ESPNowTransport::setup() {
     return;
   }
 
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG,
-           "Registering ESP-NOW handlers\n"
-           "Peer address: %02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X",
-           this->peer_address_[0], this->peer_address_[1], this->peer_address_[2], this->peer_address_[3],
-           this->peer_address_[4], this->peer_address_[5]);
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Registering ESP-NOW handlers, peer: %02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X", this->peer_address_[0],
+           this->peer_address_[1], this->peer_address_[2], this->peer_address_[3], this->peer_address_[4],
+           this->peer_address_[5]);
 
   // Register received handler
   this->parent_->register_received_handler(this);
diff --git a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp
index f9d98ad51b..fcd32223e4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp
@@ -866,10 +866,7 @@ void EthernetComponent::write_phy_register_(esp_eth_mac_t *mac, PHYRegister regi
   }
 #endif
 
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG,
-           "Writing to PHY Register Address: 0x%02" PRIX32 "\n"
-           "Writing to PHY Register Value: 0x%04" PRIX32,
-           register_data.address, register_data.value);
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Writing PHY reg 0x%02" PRIX32 " = 0x%04" PRIX32, register_data.address, register_data.value);
   err = mac->write_phy_reg(mac, this->phy_addr_, register_data.address, register_data.value);
   ESPHL_ERROR_CHECK(err, "Writing PHY Register failed");
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ezo_pmp/ezo_pmp.cpp b/esphome/components/ezo_pmp/ezo_pmp.cpp
index 9d2f4fc687..bf6e3926b8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ezo_pmp/ezo_pmp.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ezo_pmp/ezo_pmp.cpp
@@ -150,9 +150,9 @@ void EzoPMP::read_command_result_() {
     if (current_char == '\0') {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG,
                "Read Response from device: %s\n"
-               "First Component: %s\n"
-               "Second Component: %s\n"
-               "Third Component: %s",
+               "  First Component: %s\n"
+               "  Second Component: %s\n"
+               "  Third Component: %s",
                (char *) response_buffer, (char *) first_parameter_buffer, (char *) second_parameter_buffer,
                (char *) third_parameter_buffer);
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/gcja5/gcja5.cpp b/esphome/components/gcja5/gcja5.cpp
index f7f7f8d02c..43b2fa20d3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gcja5/gcja5.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/gcja5/gcja5.cpp
@@ -97,10 +97,10 @@ void GCJA5Component::parse_data_() {
 
     ESP_LOGI(TAG,
              "GCJA5 Status\n"
-             "Overall Status : %i\n"
-             "PD Status      : %i\n"
-             "LD Status      : %i\n"
-             "Fan Status     : %i",
+             "  Overall Status : %i\n"
+             "  PD Status      : %i\n"
+             "  LD Status      : %i\n"
+             "  Fan Status     : %i",
              (status >> 6) & 0x03, (status >> 4) & 0x03, (status >> 2) & 0x03, (status >> 0) & 0x03);
   }
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/graphical_display_menu/graphical_display_menu.cpp b/esphome/components/graphical_display_menu/graphical_display_menu.cpp
index 2b120a746f..cf1672f217 100644
--- a/esphome/components/graphical_display_menu/graphical_display_menu.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/graphical_display_menu/graphical_display_menu.cpp
@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ void GraphicalDisplayMenu::setup() {
 void GraphicalDisplayMenu::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "Graphical Display Menu\n"
-                "Has Display: %s\n"
-                "Popup Mode: %s\n"
-                "Advanced Drawing Mode: %s\n"
-                "Has Font: %s\n"
-                "Mode: %s\n"
-                "Active: %s\n"
-                "Menu items:",
+                "  Has Display: %s\n"
+                "  Popup Mode: %s\n"
+                "  Advanced Drawing Mode: %s\n"
+                "  Has Font: %s\n"
+                "  Mode: %s\n"
+                "  Active: %s\n"
+                "  Menu items:",
                 YESNO(this->display_ != nullptr), YESNO(this->display_ != nullptr), YESNO(this->display_ == nullptr),
                 YESNO(this->font_ != nullptr),
                 this->mode_ == display_menu_base::MENU_MODE_ROTARY ? "Rotary" : "Joystick", YESNO(this->active_));
diff --git a/esphome/components/honeywellabp/honeywellabp.cpp b/esphome/components/honeywellabp/honeywellabp.cpp
index c204325dfc..58c5df230f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/honeywellabp/honeywellabp.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/honeywellabp/honeywellabp.cpp
@@ -35,10 +35,7 @@ uint8_t HONEYWELLABPSensor::readsensor_() {
     pressure_count_ = ((uint16_t) (buf_[0]) << 8 & 0x3F00) | ((uint16_t) (buf_[1]) & 0xFF);
     // 11 - bit temperature is all of byte 2 (lowest 8 bits) and the first three bits of byte 3
     temperature_count_ = (((uint16_t) (buf_[2]) << 3) & 0x7F8) | (((uint16_t) (buf_[3]) >> 5) & 0x7);
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG,
-             "Sensor pressure_count_ %d\n"
-             "Sensor temperature_count_ %d",
-             pressure_count_, temperature_count_);
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Sensor pressure_count_ %d, temperature_count_ %d", pressure_count_, temperature_count_);
   }
   return status_;
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.cpp b/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.cpp
index 882def4d7f..d77a768211 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.cpp
@@ -105,8 +105,7 @@ uint8_t OtaHttpRequestComponent::do_ota_() {
 
   // we will compute MD5 on the fly for verification -- Arduino OTA seems to ignore it
   md5_receive.init();
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "MD5Digest initialized\n"
-                "OTA backend begin");
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "MD5Digest initialized, OTA backend begin");
   auto backend = ota::make_ota_backend();
   auto error_code = backend->begin(container->content_length);
   if (error_code != ota::OTA_RESPONSE_OK) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/ina2xx_base/ina2xx_base.cpp b/esphome/components/ina2xx_base/ina2xx_base.cpp
index de01c99a19..8a20192c1e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ina2xx_base/ina2xx_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ina2xx_base/ina2xx_base.cpp
@@ -362,10 +362,8 @@ bool INA2XX::configure_shunt_() {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Shunt value too high");
   }
   this->shunt_cal_ &= 0x7FFF;
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG,
-           "Given Rshunt=%f Ohm and Max_current=%.3f\n"
-           "New CURRENT_LSB=%f, SHUNT_CAL=%u",
-           this->shunt_resistance_ohm_, this->max_current_a_, this->current_lsb_, this->shunt_cal_);
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Rshunt=%f Ohm, max current=%.3f A, current LSB=%f, shunt cal=%u", this->shunt_resistance_ohm_,
+           this->max_current_a_, this->current_lsb_, this->shunt_cal_);
   return this->write_unsigned_16_(RegisterMap::REG_SHUNT_CAL, this->shunt_cal_);
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp b/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp
index f8f782f804..dd1d53857d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp
@@ -489,11 +489,8 @@ bool LD2410Component::handle_ack_data_() {
       this->out_pin_level_ = this->buffer_data_[12];
       const auto *light_function_str = find_str(LIGHT_FUNCTIONS_BY_UINT, this->light_function_);
       const auto *out_pin_level_str = find_str(OUT_PIN_LEVELS_BY_UINT, this->out_pin_level_);
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG,
-               "Light function: %s\n"
-               "Light threshold: %u\n"
-               "Out pin level: %s",
-               light_function_str, this->light_threshold_, out_pin_level_str);
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Light function: %s, threshold: %u, out pin level: %s", light_function_str, this->light_threshold_,
+               out_pin_level_str);
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
       if (this->light_function_select_ != nullptr) {
         this->light_function_select_->publish_state(light_function_str);
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.cpp b/esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.cpp
index 95e19e0d5f..484d5bd281 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.cpp
@@ -530,10 +530,7 @@ bool LD2412Component::handle_ack_data_() {
       this->light_function_ = this->buffer_data_[10];
       this->light_threshold_ = this->buffer_data_[11];
       const auto *light_function_str = find_str(LIGHT_FUNCTIONS_BY_UINT, this->light_function_);
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG,
-               "Light function: %s\n"
-               "Light threshold: %u",
-               light_function_str, this->light_threshold_);
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Light function: %s, threshold: %u", light_function_str, this->light_threshold_);
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
       if (this->light_function_select_ != nullptr) {
         this->light_function_select_->publish_state(light_function_str);
diff --git a/esphome/components/ledc/ledc_output.cpp b/esphome/components/ledc/ledc_output.cpp
index a203dde115..a01d42ac8b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ledc/ledc_output.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ledc/ledc_output.cpp
@@ -130,10 +130,8 @@ void LEDCOutput::setup() {
   }
   int hpoint = ledc_angle_to_htop(this->phase_angle_, this->bit_depth_);
 
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG,
-           "Configured frequency %f with a bit depth of %u bits\n"
-           "Angle of %.1f° results in hpoint %u",
-           this->frequency_, this->bit_depth_, this->phase_angle_, hpoint);
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Configured frequency %f with bit depth %u, angle %.1f° hpoint %u", this->frequency_, this->bit_depth_,
+           this->phase_angle_, hpoint);
 
   ledc_channel_config_t chan_conf{};
   chan_conf.gpio_num = this->pin_->get_pin();
diff --git a/esphome/components/max6956/max6956.cpp b/esphome/components/max6956/max6956.cpp
index 6ba17f11d1..a350e66ee0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/max6956/max6956.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/max6956/max6956.cpp
@@ -146,11 +146,11 @@ void MAX6956::dump_config() {
 
   if (brightness_mode_ == MAX6956CURRENTMODE::GLOBAL) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
-                  "current mode: global\n"
-                  "global brightness: %u",
+                  "  Current mode: global\n"
+                  "  Brightness: %u",
                   global_brightness_);
   } else {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "current mode: segment");
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Current mode: segment");
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp32.cpp
index c12c79499f..8a7fb965e9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp32.cpp
@@ -165,10 +165,7 @@ void MQTTBackendESP32::mqtt_event_handler_(const Event &event) {
     case MQTT_EVENT_ERROR:
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "MQTT_EVENT_ERROR");
       if (event.error_handle.error_type == MQTT_ERROR_TYPE_TCP_TRANSPORT) {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG,
-                 "Last error code reported from esp-tls: 0x%x\n"
-                 "Last tls stack error number: 0x%x\n"
-                 "Last captured errno : %d (%s)",
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Last esp-tls error: 0x%x, tls stack error: 0x%x, socket errno: %d (%s)",
                  event.error_handle.esp_tls_last_esp_err, event.error_handle.esp_tls_stack_err,
                  event.error_handle.esp_transport_sock_errno, strerror(event.error_handle.esp_transport_sock_errno));
       } else if (event.error_handle.error_type == MQTT_ERROR_TYPE_CONNECTION_REFUSED) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_arduino.cpp b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_arduino.cpp
index a433eff883..46a04c1b2e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_arduino.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_arduino.cpp
@@ -25,11 +25,7 @@ int Nextion::upload_by_chunks_(HTTPClient &http_client, uint32_t &range_start) {
   uint32_t range_end = ((upload_first_chunk_sent_ or this->tft_size_ < 4096) ? this->tft_size_ : 4096) - 1;
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Range start: %" PRIu32, range_start);
   if (range_size <= 0 or range_end <= range_start) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid range");
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG,
-             "Range end: %" PRIu32 "\n"
-             "Range size: %" PRIu32,
-             range_end, range_size);
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid range end: %" PRIu32 ", size: %" PRIu32, range_end, range_size);
     return -1;
   }
 
@@ -138,11 +134,7 @@ int Nextion::upload_by_chunks_(HTTPClient &http_client, uint32_t &range_start) {
 }
 
 bool Nextion::upload_tft(uint32_t baud_rate, bool exit_reparse) {
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG,
-           "TFT upload requested\n"
-           "Exit reparse: %s\n"
-           "URL: %s",
-           YESNO(exit_reparse), this->tft_url_.c_str());
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "TFT upload requested, exit reparse: %s, URL: %s", YESNO(exit_reparse), this->tft_url_.c_str());
 
   if (this->connection_state_.is_updating_) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Upload in progress");
@@ -172,10 +164,7 @@ bool Nextion::upload_tft(uint32_t baud_rate, bool exit_reparse) {
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Baud rate: %" PRIu32, baud_rate);
 
   // Define the configuration for the HTTP client
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG,
-           "Init HTTP client\n"
-           "Heap: %" PRIu32,
-           EspClass::getFreeHeap());
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Init HTTP client, heap: %" PRIu32, EspClass::getFreeHeap());
   HTTPClient http_client;
   http_client.setTimeout(15000);  // Yes 15 seconds.... Helps 8266s along
 
@@ -262,10 +251,7 @@ bool Nextion::upload_tft(uint32_t baud_rate, bool exit_reparse) {
   this->reset_(false);
   delay(250);  // NOLINT
 
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG,
-           "Heap: %" PRIu32 "\n"
-           "Upload cmd: %s",
-           EspClass::getFreeHeap(), command);
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Heap: %" PRIu32 ", upload cmd: %s", EspClass::getFreeHeap(), command);
   this->send_command_(command);
 
   if (baud_rate != this->original_baud_rate_) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_esp32.cpp
index 46352afd75..43f59a8d4b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_esp32.cpp
@@ -27,11 +27,7 @@ int Nextion::upload_by_chunks_(esp_http_client_handle_t http_client, uint32_t &r
   uint32_t range_end = ((upload_first_chunk_sent_ or this->tft_size_ < 4096) ? this->tft_size_ : 4096) - 1;
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Range start: %" PRIu32, range_start);
   if (range_size <= 0 or range_end <= range_start) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG,
-             "Range end: %" PRIu32 "\n"
-             "Range size: %" PRIu32,
-             range_end, range_size);
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid range");
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid range end: %" PRIu32 ", size: %" PRIu32, range_end, range_size);
     return -1;
   }
 
@@ -159,11 +155,7 @@ int Nextion::upload_by_chunks_(esp_http_client_handle_t http_client, uint32_t &r
 }
 
 bool Nextion::upload_tft(uint32_t baud_rate, bool exit_reparse) {
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG,
-           "TFT upload requested\n"
-           "Exit reparse: %s\n"
-           "URL: %s",
-           YESNO(exit_reparse), this->tft_url_.c_str());
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "TFT upload requested, exit reparse: %s, URL: %s", YESNO(exit_reparse), this->tft_url_.c_str());
 
   if (this->connection_state_.is_updating_) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Upload in progress");
@@ -193,10 +185,7 @@ bool Nextion::upload_tft(uint32_t baud_rate, bool exit_reparse) {
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Baud rate: %" PRIu32, baud_rate);
 
   // Define the configuration for the HTTP client
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG,
-           "Init HTTP client\n"
-           "Heap: %" PRIu32,
-           esp_get_free_heap_size());
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Init HTTP client, heap: %" PRIu32, esp_get_free_heap_size());
   esp_http_client_config_t config = {
       .url = this->tft_url_.c_str(),
       .cert_pem = nullptr,
@@ -220,10 +209,7 @@ bool Nextion::upload_tft(uint32_t baud_rate, bool exit_reparse) {
   }
 
   // Perform the HTTP request
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG,
-           "Check connection\n"
-           "Heap: %" PRIu32,
-           esp_get_free_heap_size());
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Check connection, heap: %" PRIu32, esp_get_free_heap_size());
   err = esp_http_client_perform(http_client);
   if (err != ESP_OK) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "HTTP failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
@@ -232,10 +218,7 @@ bool Nextion::upload_tft(uint32_t baud_rate, bool exit_reparse) {
   }
 
   // Check the HTTP Status Code
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG,
-           "Check status\n"
-           "Heap: %" PRIu32,
-           esp_get_free_heap_size());
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Check status, heap: %" PRIu32, esp_get_free_heap_size());
   int status_code = esp_http_client_get_status_code(http_client);
   if (status_code != 200 && status_code != 206) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "HTTP request failed with status %d", status_code);
@@ -344,8 +327,7 @@ bool Nextion::upload_tft(uint32_t baud_rate, bool exit_reparse) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Heap: %" PRIu32 " left: %" PRIu32, esp_get_free_heap_size(), this->content_length_);
   }
 
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "TFT upload complete\n"
-                "Close HTTP");
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "TFT upload complete, closing HTTP");
   esp_http_client_close(http_client);
   esp_http_client_cleanup(http_client);
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Connection closed");
diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp
index bb70701471..9dd68a1ccc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp
@@ -130,10 +130,7 @@ void OpenThreadComponent::ot_main() {
   }
 #ifdef ESPHOME_LOG_HAS_DEBUG  // Fetch link mode from OT only when DEBUG
   link_mode_config = otThreadGetLinkMode(instance);
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG,
-           "Link Mode Device Type: %s\n"
-           "Link Mode Network Data: %s\n"
-           "Link Mode RX On When Idle: %s",
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Link Mode Device Type: %s, Network Data: %s, RX On When Idle: %s",
            TRUEFALSE(link_mode_config.mDeviceType), TRUEFALSE(link_mode_config.mNetworkData),
            TRUEFALSE(link_mode_config.mRxOnWhenIdle));
 #endif
@@ -152,8 +149,7 @@ void OpenThreadComponent::ot_main() {
     // Make sure the length is 0 so we fallback to the configuration
     dataset.mLength = 0;
   } else {
-    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Found OpenThread-managed dataset, ignoring esphome configuration\n"
-                  "(set force_dataset: true to override)");
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Found existing dataset, ignoring config (force_dataset: true to override)");
   }
 #endif
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/pi4ioe5v6408/pi4ioe5v6408.cpp b/esphome/components/pi4ioe5v6408/pi4ioe5v6408.cpp
index fdff11dedb..9247e114f0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pi4ioe5v6408/pi4ioe5v6408.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pi4ioe5v6408/pi4ioe5v6408.cpp
@@ -144,9 +144,10 @@ bool PI4IOE5V6408Component::write_gpio_modes_() {
   }
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
   ESP_LOGV(TAG,
-           "Wrote GPIO modes: 0b" BYTE_TO_BINARY_PATTERN "\n"
-           "Wrote GPIO pullup/pulldown: 0b" BYTE_TO_BINARY_PATTERN "\n"
-           "Wrote GPIO pull enable: 0b" BYTE_TO_BINARY_PATTERN,
+           "Wrote GPIO config:\n"
+           "  modes: 0b" BYTE_TO_BINARY_PATTERN "\n"
+           "  pullup/pulldown: 0b" BYTE_TO_BINARY_PATTERN "\n"
+           "  pull enable: 0b" BYTE_TO_BINARY_PATTERN,
            BYTE_TO_BINARY(this->mode_mask_), BYTE_TO_BINARY(this->pull_up_down_mask_),
            BYTE_TO_BINARY(this->pull_enable_mask_));
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/pipsolar/pipsolar.cpp b/esphome/components/pipsolar/pipsolar.cpp
index e6831ad19e..f95bf4aedb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pipsolar/pipsolar.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pipsolar/pipsolar.cpp
@@ -748,8 +748,7 @@ esphome::optional<bool> Pipsolar::get_bit_(std::string bits, uint8_t bit_pos) {
 }
 
 void Pipsolar::dump_config() {
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Pipsolar:\n"
-                     "enabled polling commands:");
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Pipsolar enabled polling commands:");
   for (auto &enabled_polling_command : this->enabled_polling_commands_) {
     if (enabled_polling_command.length != 0) {
       ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "%s", enabled_polling_command.command);
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn532/pn532.cpp b/esphome/components/pn532/pn532.cpp
index 5366aab54e..1ab0da3df7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn532/pn532.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pn532/pn532.cpp
@@ -31,10 +31,7 @@ void PN532::setup() {
     this->mark_failed();
     return;
   }
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG,
-           "Found chip PN5%02X\n"
-           "Firmware ver. %d.%d",
-           version_data[0], version_data[1], version_data[2]);
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Found chip PN5%02X, Firmware v%d.%d", version_data[0], version_data[1], version_data[2]);
 
   if (!this->write_command_({
           PN532_COMMAND_SAMCONFIGURATION,
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn7150/pn7150.cpp b/esphome/components/pn7150/pn7150.cpp
index 7bec1e08a9..8c76c8b88c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn7150/pn7150.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pn7150/pn7150.cpp
@@ -243,9 +243,7 @@ uint8_t PN7150::reset_core_(const bool reset_config, const bool power) {
     return nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
   }
 
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG,
-           "Configuration %s\n"
-           "NCI version: %s",
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Configuration %s, NCI version: %s",
            rx.get_message()[nfc::NCI_PKT_PAYLOAD_OFFSET + 2] ? "reset" : "retained",
            rx.get_message()[nfc::NCI_PKT_PAYLOAD_OFFSET + 1] == 0x20 ? "2.0" : "1.0");
 
@@ -274,11 +272,12 @@ uint8_t PN7150::init_core_() {
   uint8_t flash_minor_version = rx.get_message()[19 + rx.get_message()[8]];
 
   ESP_LOGD(TAG,
-           "Manufacturer ID: 0x%02X\n"
-           "Hardware version: 0x%02X\n"
-           "ROM code version: 0x%02X\n"
-           "FLASH major version: 0x%02X\n"
-           "FLASH minor version: 0x%02X",
+           "PN7150 chip info:\n"
+           "  Manufacturer ID: 0x%02X\n"
+           "  Hardware version: 0x%02X\n"
+           "  ROM code version: 0x%02X\n"
+           "  FLASH major version: 0x%02X\n"
+           "  FLASH minor version: 0x%02X",
            manf_id, hw_version, rom_code_version, flash_major_version, flash_minor_version);
 
   return rx.get_simple_status_response();
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn7160/pn7160.cpp b/esphome/components/pn7160/pn7160.cpp
index 28907b8e30..3fcd1221a7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn7160/pn7160.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pn7160/pn7160.cpp
@@ -265,10 +265,7 @@ uint8_t PN7160::reset_core_(const bool reset_config, const bool power) {
     return nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
   }
 
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG,
-           "Configuration %s\n"
-           "NCI version: %s\n"
-           "Manufacturer ID: 0x%02X",
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Configuration %s, NCI version: %s, Manufacturer ID: 0x%02X",
            rx.get_message()[4] ? "reset" : "retained", rx.get_message()[5] == 0x20 ? "2.0" : "1.0",
            rx.get_message()[6]);
   rx.get_message().erase(rx.get_message().begin(), rx.get_message().begin() + 8);
@@ -301,11 +298,12 @@ uint8_t PN7160::init_core_() {
 
   char feat_buf[nfc::FORMAT_BYTES_BUFFER_SIZE];
   ESP_LOGD(TAG,
-           "Hardware version: %u\n"
-           "ROM code version: %u\n"
-           "FLASH major version: %u\n"
-           "FLASH minor version: %u\n"
-           "Features: %s",
+           "PN7160 chip info:\n"
+           "  Hardware version: %u\n"
+           "  ROM code version: %u\n"
+           "  FLASH major version: %u\n"
+           "  FLASH minor version: %u\n"
+           "  Features: %s",
            hw_version, rom_code_version, flash_major_version, flash_minor_version,
            nfc::format_bytes_to(feat_buf, features));
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/qmp6988/qmp6988.cpp b/esphome/components/qmp6988/qmp6988.cpp
index 4e1ef27d5e..24fe34e785 100644
--- a/esphome/components/qmp6988/qmp6988.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/qmp6988/qmp6988.cpp
@@ -128,15 +128,14 @@ bool QMP6988Component::get_calibration_data_() {
   qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_bp3 = (int16_t) encode_uint16(a_data_uint8_tr[16], a_data_uint8_tr[17]);
 
   ESP_LOGV(TAG,
-           "<-----------calibration data-------------->\n"
-           "COE_a0[%d] COE_a1[%d] COE_a2[%d] COE_b00[%d]",
+           "Calibration data:\n"
+           "  COE_a0[%d] COE_a1[%d] COE_a2[%d] COE_b00[%d]\n"
+           "  COE_bt1[%d] COE_bt2[%d] COE_bp1[%d] COE_b11[%d]\n"
+           "  COE_bp2[%d] COE_b12[%d] COE_b21[%d] COE_bp3[%d]",
            qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_a0, qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_a1, qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_a2,
-           qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_b00);
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "COE_bt1[%d] COE_bt2[%d] COE_bp1[%d] COE_b11[%d]\r\n", qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_bt1,
-           qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_bt2, qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_bp1, qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_b11);
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "COE_bp2[%d] COE_b12[%d] COE_b21[%d] COE_bp3[%d]\r\n", qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_bp2,
+           qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_b00, qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_bt1, qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_bt2,
+           qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_bp1, qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_b11, qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_bp2,
            qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_b12, qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_b21, qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_bp3);
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "<-----------calibration data-------------->\r\n");
 
   qmp6988_data_.ik.a0 = qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_a0;    // 20Q4
   qmp6988_data_.ik.b00 = qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_b00;  // 20Q4
@@ -153,14 +152,13 @@ bool QMP6988Component::get_calibration_data_() {
   qmp6988_data_.ik.b21 = 13836L * (int64_t) qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_b21 + 79333336L;    // 29Q60
   qmp6988_data_.ik.bp3 = 2915L * (int64_t) qmp6988_data_.qmp6988_cali.COE_bp3 + 157155561L;    // 28Q65
   ESP_LOGV(TAG,
-           "<----------- int calibration data -------------->\n"
-           "a0[%d] a1[%d] a2[%d] b00[%d]",
-           qmp6988_data_.ik.a0, qmp6988_data_.ik.a1, qmp6988_data_.ik.a2, qmp6988_data_.ik.b00);
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "bt1[%lld] bt2[%lld] bp1[%lld] b11[%lld]\r\n", qmp6988_data_.ik.bt1, qmp6988_data_.ik.bt2,
-           qmp6988_data_.ik.bp1, qmp6988_data_.ik.b11);
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "bp2[%lld] b12[%lld] b21[%lld] bp3[%lld]\r\n", qmp6988_data_.ik.bp2, qmp6988_data_.ik.b12,
+           "Int calibration data:\n"
+           "  a0[%d] a1[%d] a2[%d] b00[%d]\n"
+           "  bt1[%lld] bt2[%lld] bp1[%lld] b11[%lld]\n"
+           "  bp2[%lld] b12[%lld] b21[%lld] bp3[%lld]",
+           qmp6988_data_.ik.a0, qmp6988_data_.ik.a1, qmp6988_data_.ik.a2, qmp6988_data_.ik.b00, qmp6988_data_.ik.bt1,
+           qmp6988_data_.ik.bt2, qmp6988_data_.ik.bp1, qmp6988_data_.ik.b11, qmp6988_data_.ik.bp2, qmp6988_data_.ik.b12,
            qmp6988_data_.ik.b21, qmp6988_data_.ik.bp3);
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "<----------- int calibration data -------------->\r\n");
   return true;
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_base/pronto_protocol.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_base/pronto_protocol.cpp
index cff3145199..43029cbc2f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_base/pronto_protocol.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_base/pronto_protocol.cpp
@@ -104,10 +104,7 @@ void ProntoProtocol::send_pronto_(RemoteTransmitData *dst, const std::vector<uin
 
   uint16_t intros = 2 * data[2];
   uint16_t repeats = 2 * data[3];
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG,
-           "Send Pronto: intros=%d\n"
-           "Send Pronto: repeats=%d",
-           intros, repeats);
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Send Pronto: intros=%d, repeats=%d", intros, repeats);
   if (NUMBERS_IN_PREAMBLE + intros + repeats != data.size()) {  // inconsistent sizes
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Inconsistent data, not sending");
     return;
diff --git a/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.cpp b/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.cpp
index bd80048c64..aa4fdb8291 100644
--- a/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.cpp
@@ -51,13 +51,11 @@ void SafeModeComponent::dump_config() {
 #if defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_OTA_ROLLBACK)
   const esp_partition_t *last_invalid = esp_ota_get_last_invalid_partition();
   if (last_invalid != nullptr) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG,
-             "OTA rollback detected! Rolled back from partition '%s'\n"
-             "The device reset before the boot was marked successful",
-             last_invalid->label);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "OTA rollback detected! Rolled back from partition '%s'", last_invalid->label);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "The device reset before the boot was marked successful");
     if (esp_reset_reason() == ESP_RST_BROWNOUT) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Last reset was due to brownout - check your power supply!\n"
-                    "See https://esphome.io/guides/faq.html#brownout-detector-was-triggered");
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Last reset was due to brownout - check your power supply!");
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "See https://esphome.io/guides/faq.html#brownout-detector-was-triggered");
     }
   }
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/sim800l/sim800l.cpp b/esphome/components/sim800l/sim800l.cpp
index 251e18648b..2115c72cef 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sim800l/sim800l.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sim800l/sim800l.cpp
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ void Sim800LComponent::parse_cmd_(std::string message) {
       if (ok || message.compare(0, 6, "+CMGL:") == 0) {
         ESP_LOGD(TAG,
                  "Received SMS from: %s\n"
-                 "%s",
+                 "  %s",
                  this->sender_.c_str(), this->message_.c_str());
         this->sms_received_callback_.call(this->message_, this->sender_);
         this->state_ = STATE_RECEIVED_SMS;
diff --git a/esphome/components/sonoff_d1/sonoff_d1.cpp b/esphome/components/sonoff_d1/sonoff_d1.cpp
index 7b99086546..03586b6398 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sonoff_d1/sonoff_d1.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sonoff_d1/sonoff_d1.cpp
@@ -93,10 +93,7 @@ bool SonoffD1Output::read_command_(uint8_t *cmd, size_t &len) {
   if (this->read_array(cmd, 6)) {
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
     char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(6)];
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG,
-             "[%04d] Reading from dimmer:\n"
-             "[%04d] %s",
-             this->write_count_, this->write_count_, format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, cmd, 6));
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%04d] Reading from dimmer: %s", this->write_count_, format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, cmd, 6));
 #endif
 
     if (cmd[0] != 0xAA || cmd[1] != 0x55) {
@@ -190,10 +187,7 @@ bool SonoffD1Output::write_command_(uint8_t *cmd, const size_t len, bool needs_a
   do {
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
     char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(SONOFF_D1_MAX_CMD_SIZE)];
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG,
-             "[%04d] Writing to the dimmer:\n"
-             "[%04d] %s",
-             this->write_count_, this->write_count_, format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, cmd, len));
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%04d] Writing to the dimmer: %s", this->write_count_, format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, cmd, len));
 #endif
     this->write_array(cmd, len);
     this->write_count_++;
diff --git a/esphome/components/sun/sun.cpp b/esphome/components/sun/sun.cpp
index e8fc4e44d1..d55a14f192 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sun/sun.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sun/sun.cpp
@@ -174,20 +174,21 @@ struct SunAtTime {
     // debug output like in example 25.a, p. 165
     auto eq = equatorial_coordinate();
     ESP_LOGV(TAG,
-             "jde: %f\n"
-             "T: %f\n"
-             "L_0: %f\n"
-             "M: %f\n"
-             "e: %f\n"
-             "C: %f\n"
-             "Odot: %f\n"
-             "Omega: %f\n"
-             "lambda: %f\n"
-             "epsilon_0: %f\n"
-             "epsilon: %f\n"
-             "v: %f\n"
-             "right_ascension: %f\n"
-             "declination: %f",
+             "Sun position:\n"
+             "  jde: %f\n"
+             "  T: %f\n"
+             "  L_0: %f\n"
+             "  M: %f\n"
+             "  e: %f\n"
+             "  C: %f\n"
+             "  Odot: %f\n"
+             "  Omega: %f\n"
+             "  lambda: %f\n"
+             "  epsilon_0: %f\n"
+             "  epsilon: %f\n"
+             "  v: %f\n"
+             "  right_ascension: %f\n"
+             "  declination: %f",
              jde, t, mean_longitude(), mean_anomaly(), eccentricity(), equation_of_center(), true_longitude(), omega(),
              apparent_longitude(), mean_obliquity(), true_obliquity(), true_anomaly(), eq.right_ascension,
              eq.declination);
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp
index a9be38fb03..422d74095c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp
@@ -70,14 +70,14 @@ static void usbh_print_intf_desc(const usb_intf_desc_t *intf_desc) {
 static void usbh_print_cfg_desc(const usb_config_desc_t *cfg_desc) {
   ESP_LOGV(TAG,
            "*** Configuration descriptor ***\n"
-           "bLength %d\n"
-           "bDescriptorType %d\n"
-           "wTotalLength %d\n"
-           "bNumInterfaces %d\n"
-           "bConfigurationValue %d\n"
-           "iConfiguration %d\n"
-           "bmAttributes 0x%x\n"
-           "bMaxPower %dmA",
+           "  bLength %d\n"
+           "  bDescriptorType %d\n"
+           "  wTotalLength %d\n"
+           "  bNumInterfaces %d\n"
+           "  bConfigurationValue %d\n"
+           "  iConfiguration %d\n"
+           "  bmAttributes 0x%x\n"
+           "  bMaxPower %dmA",
            cfg_desc->bLength, cfg_desc->bDescriptorType, cfg_desc->wTotalLength, cfg_desc->bNumInterfaces,
            cfg_desc->bConfigurationValue, cfg_desc->iConfiguration, cfg_desc->bmAttributes, cfg_desc->bMaxPower * 2);
 }
@@ -89,20 +89,20 @@ static void usb_client_print_device_descriptor(const usb_device_desc_t *devc_des
 
   ESP_LOGV(TAG,
            "*** Device descriptor ***\n"
-           "bLength %d\n"
-           "bDescriptorType %d\n"
-           "bcdUSB %d.%d0\n"
-           "bDeviceClass 0x%x\n"
-           "bDeviceSubClass 0x%x\n"
-           "bDeviceProtocol 0x%x\n"
-           "bMaxPacketSize0 %d\n"
-           "idVendor 0x%x\n"
-           "idProduct 0x%x\n"
-           "bcdDevice %d.%d0\n"
-           "iManufacturer %d\n"
-           "iProduct %d\n"
-           "iSerialNumber %d\n"
-           "bNumConfigurations %d",
+           "  bLength %d\n"
+           "  bDescriptorType %d\n"
+           "  bcdUSB %d.%d0\n"
+           "  bDeviceClass 0x%x\n"
+           "  bDeviceSubClass 0x%x\n"
+           "  bDeviceProtocol 0x%x\n"
+           "  bMaxPacketSize0 %d\n"
+           "  idVendor 0x%x\n"
+           "  idProduct 0x%x\n"
+           "  bcdDevice %d.%d0\n"
+           "  iManufacturer %d\n"
+           "  iProduct %d\n"
+           "  iSerialNumber %d\n"
+           "  bNumConfigurations %d",
            devc_desc->bLength, devc_desc->bDescriptorType, ((devc_desc->bcdUSB >> 8) & 0xF),
            ((devc_desc->bcdUSB >> 4) & 0xF), devc_desc->bDeviceClass, devc_desc->bDeviceSubClass,
            devc_desc->bDeviceProtocol, devc_desc->bMaxPacketSize0, devc_desc->idVendor, devc_desc->idProduct,
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/cp210x.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_uart/cp210x.cpp
index 483286560a..fa8c2331b2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/cp210x.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/cp210x.cpp
@@ -58,10 +58,8 @@ std::vector<CdcEps> USBUartTypeCP210X::parse_descriptors(usb_device_handle_t dev
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "get_active_config_descriptor failed");
     return {};
   }
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG,
-           "bDeviceClass: %u, bDeviceSubClass: %u\n"
-           "bNumInterfaces: %u",
-           device_desc->bDeviceClass, device_desc->bDeviceSubClass, config_desc->bNumInterfaces);
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "bDeviceClass: %u, bDeviceSubClass: %u, bNumInterfaces: %u", device_desc->bDeviceClass,
+           device_desc->bDeviceSubClass, config_desc->bNumInterfaces);
   if (device_desc->bDeviceClass != 0) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "bDeviceClass != 0");
     return {};
diff --git a/esphome/components/voice_assistant/voice_assistant.cpp b/esphome/components/voice_assistant/voice_assistant.cpp
index 641d4d6ff8..d6cbfd4b21 100644
--- a/esphome/components/voice_assistant/voice_assistant.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/voice_assistant/voice_assistant.cpp
@@ -434,8 +434,8 @@ void VoiceAssistant::client_subscription(api::APIConnection *client, bool subscr
     char new_peername[socket::SOCKADDR_STR_LEN];
     ESP_LOGE(TAG,
              "Multiple API Clients attempting to connect to Voice Assistant\n"
-             "Current client: %s (%s)\n"
-             "New client: %s (%s)",
+             "  Current client: %s (%s)\n"
+             "  New client: %s (%s)",
              this->api_client_->get_name(), this->api_client_->get_peername_to(current_peername), client->get_name(),
              client->get_peername_to(new_peername));
     return;
diff --git a/esphome/components/wl_134/wl_134.cpp b/esphome/components/wl_134/wl_134.cpp
index a589f71c84..a902adfddd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wl_134/wl_134.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wl_134/wl_134.cpp
@@ -70,12 +70,13 @@ Wl134Component::Rfid134Error Wl134Component::read_packet_() {
                                                      RFID134_PACKET_CHECKSUM - RFID134_PACKET_RESERVED1);
 
   ESP_LOGV(TAG,
-           "Tag id:    %012lld\n"
-           "Country:   %03d\n"
-           "isData:    %s\n"
-           "isAnimal:  %s\n"
-           "Reserved0: %d\n"
-           "Reserved1: %" PRId32,
+           "RFID134 Tag:\n"
+           "  Tag id:    %012lld\n"
+           "  Country:   %03d\n"
+           "  isData:    %s\n"
+           "  isAnimal:  %s\n"
+           "  Reserved0: %d\n"
+           "  Reserved1: %" PRId32,
            reading.id, reading.country, reading.isData ? "true" : "false", reading.isAnimal ? "true" : "false",
            reading.reserved0, reading.reserved1);
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/xgzp68xx/xgzp68xx.cpp b/esphome/components/xgzp68xx/xgzp68xx.cpp
index b5b786c105..5e816469ac 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xgzp68xx/xgzp68xx.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xgzp68xx/xgzp68xx.cpp
@@ -72,10 +72,8 @@ void XGZP68XXComponent::update() {
     temperature_raw = encode_uint16(data[3], data[4]);
 
     // Convert the pressure data to hPa
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG,
-             "Got raw pressure=%" PRIu32 ", raw temperature=%u\n"
-             "K value is %u",
-             pressure_raw, temperature_raw, this->k_value_);
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Got raw pressure=%" PRIu32 ", raw temperature=%u, K value=%u", pressure_raw, temperature_raw,
+             this->k_value_);
 
     // Sign extend the pressure
     float pressure_in_pa = (float) (((int32_t) pressure_raw << 8) >> 8);
diff --git a/script/ci-custom.py b/script/ci-custom.py
index df819e0f04..85a446ba0d 100755
--- a/script/ci-custom.py
+++ b/script/ci-custom.py
@@ -841,6 +841,39 @@ def lint_no_scanf(fname, match):
     )
 
 
+LOG_MULTILINE_RE = re.compile(r"ESP_LOG\w+\s*\(.*?;", re.DOTALL)
+LOG_BAD_CONTINUATION_RE = re.compile(r'\\n(?:[^ \\"\r\n\t]|"\s*\n\s*"[^ \\])')
+LOG_PERCENT_S_CONTINUATION_RE = re.compile(r'\\n(?:%s|"\s*\n\s*"%s)')
+
+
+@lint_content_check(include=cpp_include)
+def lint_log_multiline_continuation(fname, content):
+    errs = []
+    for log_match in LOG_MULTILINE_RE.finditer(content):
+        log_text = log_match.group(0)
+        for bad_match in LOG_BAD_CONTINUATION_RE.finditer(log_text):
+            # %s may expand to a whitespace prefix at runtime, skip those
+            if LOG_PERCENT_S_CONTINUATION_RE.match(log_text, bad_match.start()):
+                continue
+            # Calculate line number from position in full content
+            abs_pos = log_match.start() + bad_match.start()
+            lineno = content.count("\n", 0, abs_pos) + 1
+            col = abs_pos - content.rfind("\n", 0, abs_pos)
+            errs.append(
+                (
+                    lineno,
+                    col,
+                    "Multi-line log message has a continuation line that does "
+                    "not start with a space. The log viewer uses leading "
+                    "whitespace to detect continuation lines and re-add the "
+                    f"log tag prefix (e.g. {highlight('[C][component:042]:')}).\n"
+                    "Either start the continuation with a space/indent, or "
+                    "split into separate ESP_LOG* calls.",
+                )
+            )
+    return errs
+
+
 @lint_content_find_check(
     "ESP_LOG",
     include=["*.h", "*.tcc"],

From 1f945a334a472420d3f3e62c453f3ab3c5246c27 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Joshua Sing <joshua@joshuasing.dev>
Date: Tue, 24 Feb 2026 04:01:23 +1100
Subject: [PATCH 158/609] [hdc302x] Add new component (#10160)

Co-authored-by: Jesse Hills <3060199+jesserockz@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci-lite[bot] <117423508+pre-commit-ci-lite[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 CODEOWNERS                                    |   1 +
 esphome/components/hdc302x/__init__.py        |   1 +
 esphome/components/hdc302x/hdc302x.cpp        | 171 ++++++++++++++++++
 esphome/components/hdc302x/hdc302x.h          |  68 +++++++
 esphome/components/hdc302x/sensor.py          | 135 ++++++++++++++
 tests/components/hdc302x/common.yaml          |  19 ++
 tests/components/hdc302x/test.esp32-idf.yaml  |   4 +
 .../components/hdc302x/test.esp8266-ard.yaml  |   4 +
 tests/components/hdc302x/test.rp2040-ard.yaml |   4 +
 9 files changed, 407 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/hdc302x/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/hdc302x/hdc302x.cpp
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/hdc302x/hdc302x.h
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/hdc302x/sensor.py
 create mode 100644 tests/components/hdc302x/common.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/components/hdc302x/test.esp32-idf.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/components/hdc302x/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/components/hdc302x/test.rp2040-ard.yaml

diff --git a/CODEOWNERS b/CODEOWNERS
index 2aa0656343..6728e76bba 100644
--- a/CODEOWNERS
+++ b/CODEOWNERS
@@ -213,6 +213,7 @@ esphome/components/hbridge/light/* @DotNetDann
 esphome/components/hbridge/switch/* @dwmw2
 esphome/components/hc8/* @omartijn
 esphome/components/hdc2010/* @optimusprimespace @ssieb
+esphome/components/hdc302x/* @joshuasing
 esphome/components/he60r/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/heatpumpir/* @rob-deutsch
 esphome/components/hitachi_ac424/* @sourabhjaiswal
diff --git a/esphome/components/hdc302x/__init__.py b/esphome/components/hdc302x/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d8165281bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/hdc302x/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+CODEOWNERS = ["@joshuasing"]
diff --git a/esphome/components/hdc302x/hdc302x.cpp b/esphome/components/hdc302x/hdc302x.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b50d34169a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/hdc302x/hdc302x.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+#include "hdc302x.h"
+
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::hdc302x {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "hdc302x.sensor";
+
+// Commands (per datasheet Table 7-4)
+static const uint8_t HDC302X_CMD_SOFT_RESET[2] = {0x30, 0xa2};
+static const uint8_t HDC302X_CMD_CLEAR_STATUS_REGISTER[2] = {0x30, 0x41};
+
+static const uint8_t HDC302X_CMD_TRIGGER_MSB = 0x24;
+
+static const uint8_t HDC302X_CMD_HEATER_ENABLE[2] = {0x30, 0x6d};
+static const uint8_t HDC302X_CMD_HEATER_DISABLE[2] = {0x30, 0x66};
+static const uint8_t HDC302X_CMD_HEATER_CONFIGURE[2] = {0x30, 0x6e};
+
+void HDC302XComponent::setup() {
+  // Soft reset the device
+  if (this->write(HDC302X_CMD_SOFT_RESET, 2) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR("Soft reset failed"));
+    return;
+  }
+  // Delay SensorRR (reset ready), per datasheet, 6.5.
+  delay(3);
+
+  // Clear status register
+  if (this->write(HDC302X_CMD_CLEAR_STATUS_REGISTER, 2) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR("Clear status failed"));
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+void HDC302XComponent::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "HDC302x:\n"
+                "  Heater: %s",
+                this->heater_active_ ? "active" : "inactive");
+  LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this);
+  LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Temperature", this->temp_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Humidity", this->humidity_sensor_);
+}
+
+void HDC302XComponent::update() {
+  uint8_t cmd[] = {
+      HDC302X_CMD_TRIGGER_MSB,
+      this->power_mode_,
+  };
+  if (this->write(cmd, 2) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    this->status_set_warning(LOG_STR(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Read data after ADC conversion has completed
+  this->set_timeout(this->conversion_delay_ms_(), [this]() { this->read_data_(); });
+}
+
+void HDC302XComponent::start_heater(uint16_t power, uint32_t duration_ms) {
+  if (!this->disable_heater_()) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Heater disable before start failed");
+  }
+  if (!this->configure_heater_(power) || !this->enable_heater_()) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Heater start failed");
+    return;
+  }
+  this->heater_active_ = true;
+  this->cancel_timeout("heater_off");
+  if (duration_ms > 0) {
+    this->set_timeout("heater_off", duration_ms, [this]() { this->stop_heater(); });
+  }
+}
+
+void HDC302XComponent::stop_heater() {
+  this->cancel_timeout("heater_off");
+  if (!this->disable_heater_()) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Heater stop failed");
+  }
+  this->heater_active_ = false;
+}
+
+bool HDC302XComponent::enable_heater_() {
+  if (this->write(HDC302X_CMD_HEATER_ENABLE, 2) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Enable heater failed");
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool HDC302XComponent::configure_heater_(uint16_t power_level) {
+  if (power_level > 0x3fff) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Heater power 0x%04x exceeds max 0x3fff", power_level);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Heater current level config.
+  uint8_t config[] = {
+      static_cast<uint8_t>((power_level >> 8) & 0xff),  // MSB
+      static_cast<uint8_t>(power_level & 0xff)          // LSB
+  };
+
+  // Configure level of heater current (per datasheet 7.5.7.8).
+  uint8_t cmd[] = {
+      HDC302X_CMD_HEATER_CONFIGURE[0],   HDC302X_CMD_HEATER_CONFIGURE[1], config[0], config[1],
+      crc8(config, 2, 0xff, 0x31, true),
+  };
+  if (this->write(cmd, sizeof(cmd)) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Configure heater failed");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool HDC302XComponent::disable_heater_() {
+  if (this->write(HDC302X_CMD_HEATER_DISABLE, 2) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Disable heater failed");
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void HDC302XComponent::read_data_() {
+  uint8_t buf[6];
+  if (this->read(buf, 6) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    this->status_set_warning(LOG_STR(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Check checksums
+  if (crc8(buf, 2, 0xff, 0x31, true) != buf[2] || crc8(buf + 3, 2, 0xff, 0x31, true) != buf[5]) {
+    this->status_set_warning(LOG_STR("Read data: invalid CRC"));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  this->status_clear_warning();
+
+  if (this->temp_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    uint16_t raw_t = encode_uint16(buf[0], buf[1]);
+    // Calculate temperature in Celsius per datasheet section 7.3.3.
+    float temp = -45 + 175 * (float(raw_t) / 65535.0f);
+    this->temp_sensor_->publish_state(temp);
+  }
+
+  if (this->humidity_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    uint16_t raw_rh = encode_uint16(buf[3], buf[4]);
+    // Calculate RH% per datasheet section 7.3.3.
+    float humidity = 100 * (float(raw_rh) / 65535.0f);
+    this->humidity_sensor_->publish_state(humidity);
+  }
+}
+
+uint32_t HDC302XComponent::conversion_delay_ms_() {
+  // ADC conversion delay per datasheet, Table 7-5. - Trigger on Demand
+  switch (this->power_mode_) {
+    case HDC302XPowerMode::BALANCED:
+      return 8;
+    case HDC302XPowerMode::LOW_POWER:
+      return 5;
+    case HDC302XPowerMode::ULTRA_LOW_POWER:
+      return 4;
+    case HDC302XPowerMode::HIGH_ACCURACY:
+    default:
+      return 13;
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::hdc302x
diff --git a/esphome/components/hdc302x/hdc302x.h b/esphome/components/hdc302x/hdc302x.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6afea0a8c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/hdc302x/hdc302x.h
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
+#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
+#include "esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h"
+
+namespace esphome::hdc302x {
+
+enum HDC302XPowerMode : uint8_t {
+  HIGH_ACCURACY = 0x00,
+  BALANCED = 0x0b,
+  LOW_POWER = 0x16,
+  ULTRA_LOW_POWER = 0xff,
+};
+
+/**
+ HDC302x Temperature and humidity sensor.
+
+ Datasheet:
+ https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/hdc3020.pdf
+ */
+class HDC302XComponent : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  void update() override;
+
+  void start_heater(uint16_t power, uint32_t duration_ms);
+  void stop_heater();
+
+  void set_temp_sensor(sensor::Sensor *temp_sensor) { this->temp_sensor_ = temp_sensor; }
+  void set_humidity_sensor(sensor::Sensor *humidity_sensor) { this->humidity_sensor_ = humidity_sensor; }
+
+  void set_power_mode(HDC302XPowerMode power_mode) { this->power_mode_ = power_mode; }
+
+ protected:
+  sensor::Sensor *temp_sensor_{nullptr};
+  sensor::Sensor *humidity_sensor_{nullptr};
+
+  HDC302XPowerMode power_mode_{HDC302XPowerMode::HIGH_ACCURACY};
+  bool heater_active_{false};
+
+  bool enable_heater_();
+  bool configure_heater_(uint16_t power_level);
+  bool disable_heater_();
+  void read_data_();
+  uint32_t conversion_delay_ms_();
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class HeaterOnAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<HDC302XComponent> {
+ public:
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint16_t, power)
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint32_t, duration)
+
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
+    auto power_val = this->power_.value(x...);
+    auto duration_val = this->duration_.value(x...);
+    this->parent_->start_heater(power_val, duration_val);
+  }
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class HeaterOffAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<HDC302XComponent> {
+ public:
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->stop_heater(); }
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::hdc302x
diff --git a/esphome/components/hdc302x/sensor.py b/esphome/components/hdc302x/sensor.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7215a4cfb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/hdc302x/sensor.py
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+from esphome import automation
+from esphome.automation import maybe_simple_id
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_DURATION,
+    CONF_HUMIDITY,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_POWER,
+    CONF_POWER_MODE,
+    CONF_TEMPERATURE,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_HUMIDITY,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
+    STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+    UNIT_CELSIUS,
+    UNIT_PERCENT,
+)
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
+
+hdc302x_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("hdc302x")
+HDC302XComponent = hdc302x_ns.class_(
+    "HDC302XComponent", cg.PollingComponent, i2c.I2CDevice
+)
+
+HDC302XPowerMode = hdc302x_ns.enum("HDC302XPowerMode")
+POWER_MODE_OPTIONS = {
+    "HIGH_ACCURACY": HDC302XPowerMode.HIGH_ACCURACY,
+    "BALANCED": HDC302XPowerMode.BALANCED,
+    "LOW_POWER": HDC302XPowerMode.LOW_POWER,
+    "ULTRA_LOW_POWER": HDC302XPowerMode.ULTRA_LOW_POWER,
+}
+
+# Actions
+HeaterOnAction = hdc302x_ns.class_("HeaterOnAction", automation.Action)
+HeaterOffAction = hdc302x_ns.class_("HeaterOffAction", automation.Action)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(HDC302XComponent),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TEMPERATURE): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                unit_of_measurement=UNIT_CELSIUS,
+                accuracy_decimals=2,
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_HUMIDITY): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PERCENT,
+                accuracy_decimals=2,
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_HUMIDITY,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_POWER_MODE, default="HIGH_ACCURACY"): cv.enum(
+                POWER_MODE_OPTIONS, upper=True
+            ),
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
+    .extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x44))  # Default address per datasheet, Table 7-2.
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
+
+    if temp_config := config.get(CONF_TEMPERATURE):
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(temp_config)
+        cg.add(var.set_temp_sensor(sens))
+
+    if humidity_config := config.get(CONF_HUMIDITY):
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(humidity_config)
+        cg.add(var.set_humidity_sensor(sens))
+
+    cg.add(var.set_power_mode(config[CONF_POWER_MODE]))
+
+
+# HDC302x heater power configs, per datasheet Table 7-15.
+HDC302X_HEATER_POWER_MAP = {
+    "QUARTER": 0x009F,
+    "HALF": 0x03FF,
+    "FULL": 0x3FFF,
+}
+
+
+def heater_power_value(value):
+    """Accept enum names or raw uint16 values"""
+    if isinstance(value, cv.Lambda):
+        return value
+    if isinstance(value, str):
+        upper = value.upper()
+        if upper in HDC302X_HEATER_POWER_MAP:
+            return HDC302X_HEATER_POWER_MAP[upper]
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"Unknown heater power preset: {value}. Use QUARTER, HALF, FULL, or a raw value 0-16383"
+        )
+    return cv.int_range(min=0, max=0x3FFF)(value)
+
+
+HDC302X_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id({cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(HDC302XComponent)})
+
+HDC302X_HEATER_ON_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(HDC302XComponent),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_POWER, default="QUARTER"): cv.templatable(heater_power_value),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_DURATION, default="5s"): cv.templatable(
+            cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "hdc302x.heater_on", HeaterOnAction, HDC302X_HEATER_ON_ACTION_SCHEMA
+)
+async def hdc302x_heater_on_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
+    template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_POWER], args, cg.uint16)
+    cg.add(var.set_power(template_))
+    template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_DURATION], args, cg.uint32)
+    cg.add(var.set_duration(template_))
+    return var
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "hdc302x.heater_off", HeaterOffAction, HDC302X_ACTION_SCHEMA
+)
+async def hdc302x_heater_off_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
+    return var
diff --git a/tests/components/hdc302x/common.yaml b/tests/components/hdc302x/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..56bb31effe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/hdc302x/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+esphome:
+  on_boot:
+    then:
+      - hdc302x.heater_on:
+          id: hdc302x_sensor
+          power: QUARTER
+          duration: 5s
+      - hdc302x.heater_off:
+          id: hdc302x_sensor
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: hdc302x
+    id: hdc302x_sensor
+    i2c_id: i2c_bus
+    temperature:
+      name: Temperature
+    humidity:
+      name: Humidity
+    update_interval: 15s
diff --git a/tests/components/hdc302x/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/hdc302x/test.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b47e39c389
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/hdc302x/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/hdc302x/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/hdc302x/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4a98b9388a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/hdc302x/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp8266-ard.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/hdc302x/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/hdc302x/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..319a7c71a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/hdc302x/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/rp2040-ard.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml

From e199145f1c3b168e8584c4613f1d814c1694a4f8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 23 Feb 2026 12:20:55 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 159/609] [core] Avoid expensive modulo in LockFreeQueue for
 non-power-of-2 sizes (#14221)

---
 esphome/core/lock_free_queue.h | 29 +++++++++++++++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/lock_free_queue.h b/esphome/core/lock_free_queue.h
index e96b739b58..522fbd36e1 100644
--- a/esphome/core/lock_free_queue.h
+++ b/esphome/core/lock_free_queue.h
@@ -38,13 +38,27 @@ template<class T, uint8_t SIZE> class LockFreeQueue {
   }
 
  protected:
+  // Advance ring buffer index by one, wrapping at SIZE.
+  // Power-of-2 sizes use modulo (compiler emits single mask instruction).
+  // Non-power-of-2 sizes use comparison to avoid expensive multiply-shift sequences.
+  static constexpr uint8_t next_index(uint8_t index) {
+    if constexpr ((SIZE & (SIZE - 1)) == 0) {
+      return (index + 1) % SIZE;
+    } else {
+      uint8_t next = index + 1;
+      if (next >= SIZE) [[unlikely]]
+        next = 0;
+      return next;
+    }
+  }
+
   // Internal push that reports queue state - for use by derived classes
   bool push_internal_(T *element, bool &was_empty, uint8_t &old_tail) {
     if (element == nullptr)
       return false;
 
     uint8_t current_tail = tail_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
-    uint8_t next_tail = (current_tail + 1) % SIZE;
+    uint8_t next_tail = next_index(current_tail);
 
     // Read head before incrementing tail
     uint8_t head_before = head_.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
@@ -73,14 +87,21 @@ template<class T, uint8_t SIZE> class LockFreeQueue {
     }
 
     T *element = buffer_[current_head];
-    head_.store((current_head + 1) % SIZE, std::memory_order_release);
+    head_.store(next_index(current_head), std::memory_order_release);
     return element;
   }
 
   size_t size() const {
     uint8_t tail = tail_.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
     uint8_t head = head_.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
-    return (tail - head + SIZE) % SIZE;
+    if constexpr ((SIZE & (SIZE - 1)) == 0) {
+      return (tail - head + SIZE) % SIZE;
+    } else {
+      int diff = static_cast<int>(tail) - static_cast<int>(head);
+      if (diff < 0)
+        diff += SIZE;
+      return static_cast<size_t>(diff);
+    }
   }
 
   uint16_t get_and_reset_dropped_count() { return dropped_count_.exchange(0, std::memory_order_relaxed); }
@@ -90,7 +111,7 @@ template<class T, uint8_t SIZE> class LockFreeQueue {
   bool empty() const { return head_.load(std::memory_order_acquire) == tail_.load(std::memory_order_acquire); }
 
   bool full() const {
-    uint8_t next_tail = (tail_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) + 1) % SIZE;
+    uint8_t next_tail = next_index(tail_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed));
     return next_tail == head_.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
   }
 

From 0d32a5321ca20943eea2d5c9c9d3b3aeac44b568 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 23 Feb 2026 13:46:53 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 160/609] [remote_transmitter/remote_receiver] Rename
 _esp32.cpp to _rmt.cpp (#14226)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/remote_receiver/__init__.py                  | 2 +-
 .../{remote_receiver_esp32.cpp => remote_receiver_rmt.cpp}      | 0
 esphome/components/remote_transmitter/__init__.py               | 2 +-
 ...{remote_transmitter_esp32.cpp => remote_transmitter_rmt.cpp} | 0
 4 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 rename esphome/components/remote_receiver/{remote_receiver_esp32.cpp => remote_receiver_rmt.cpp} (100%)
 rename esphome/components/remote_transmitter/{remote_transmitter_esp32.cpp => remote_transmitter_rmt.cpp} (100%)

diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_receiver/__init__.py b/esphome/components/remote_receiver/__init__.py
index 362f6e99db..53a0f8fb77 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_receiver/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_receiver/__init__.py
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
 
 FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
     {
-        "remote_receiver_esp32.cpp": {
+        "remote_receiver_rmt.cpp": {
             PlatformFramework.ESP32_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
         },
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver_rmt.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver_esp32.cpp
rename to esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver_rmt.cpp
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/__init__.py b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/__init__.py
index fc772f88b2..371dbb685f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/__init__.py
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
 
 FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
     {
-        "remote_transmitter_esp32.cpp": {
+        "remote_transmitter_rmt.cpp": {
             PlatformFramework.ESP32_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
         },
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter_rmt.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter_esp32.cpp
rename to esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter_rmt.cpp

From daee71a2c17871b1f23e782059ae9e906abeb9f2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 23 Feb 2026 14:21:29 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 161/609] [http_request] Retry update check on startup until
 network is ready (#14228)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .../update/http_request_update.cpp            | 24 ++++++++++++++++++-
 .../http_request/update/http_request_update.h |  1 +
 2 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/update/http_request_update.cpp b/esphome/components/http_request/update/http_request_update.cpp
index 85609bd31f..1900f69a69 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/update/http_request_update.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/update/http_request_update.cpp
@@ -24,8 +24,29 @@ namespace http_request {
 static const char *const TAG = "http_request.update";
 
 static const size_t MAX_READ_SIZE = 256;
+static constexpr uint32_t INITIAL_CHECK_INTERVAL_ID = 0;
+static constexpr uint32_t INITIAL_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS = 10000;
+static constexpr uint8_t INITIAL_CHECK_MAX_ATTEMPTS = 6;
 
-void HttpRequestUpdate::setup() { this->ota_parent_->add_state_listener(this); }
+void HttpRequestUpdate::setup() {
+  this->ota_parent_->add_state_listener(this);
+
+  // Check periodically until network is ready
+  // Only if update interval is > total retry window to avoid redundant checks
+  if (this->get_update_interval() != SCHEDULER_DONT_RUN &&
+      this->get_update_interval() > INITIAL_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS * INITIAL_CHECK_MAX_ATTEMPTS) {
+    this->initial_check_remaining_ = INITIAL_CHECK_MAX_ATTEMPTS;
+    this->set_interval(INITIAL_CHECK_INTERVAL_ID, INITIAL_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS, [this]() {
+      bool connected = network::is_connected();
+      if (--this->initial_check_remaining_ == 0 || connected) {
+        this->cancel_interval(INITIAL_CHECK_INTERVAL_ID);
+        if (connected) {
+          this->update();
+        }
+      }
+    });
+  }
+}
 
 void HttpRequestUpdate::on_ota_state(ota::OTAState state, float progress, uint8_t error) {
   if (state == ota::OTAState::OTA_IN_PROGRESS) {
@@ -45,6 +66,7 @@ void HttpRequestUpdate::update() {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Network not connected, skipping update check");
     return;
   }
+  this->cancel_interval(INITIAL_CHECK_INTERVAL_ID);
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
   xTaskCreate(HttpRequestUpdate::update_task, "update_task", 8192, (void *) this, 1, &this->update_task_handle_);
 #else
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/update/http_request_update.h b/esphome/components/http_request/update/http_request_update.h
index cf34ace18e..b8350346f9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/update/http_request_update.h
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/update/http_request_update.h
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ class HttpRequestUpdate final : public update::UpdateEntity, public PollingCompo
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
   TaskHandle_t update_task_handle_{nullptr};
 #endif
+  uint8_t initial_check_remaining_{0};
 };
 
 }  // namespace http_request

From 063c6a9e45576eb5b22c94977cddac1f1eab1aef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: tomaszduda23 <tomaszduda23@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 23 Feb 2026 21:06:20 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 162/609] [esp32,core] Move CONF_ENABLE_OTA_ROLLBACK to core
 (#14231)

---
 esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py | 2 +-
 esphome/const.py                     | 1 +
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
index 4c211b2f2a..62367443da 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BOARD,
     CONF_COMPONENTS,
     CONF_DISABLED,
+    CONF_ENABLE_OTA_ROLLBACK,
     CONF_ESPHOME,
     CONF_FRAMEWORK,
     CONF_IGNORE_EFUSE_CUSTOM_MAC,
@@ -90,7 +91,6 @@ CONF_ENABLE_IDF_EXPERIMENTAL_FEATURES = "enable_idf_experimental_features"
 CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE = "engineering_sample"
 CONF_INCLUDE_BUILTIN_IDF_COMPONENTS = "include_builtin_idf_components"
 CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_ASSERT = "enable_lwip_assert"
-CONF_ENABLE_OTA_ROLLBACK = "enable_ota_rollback"
 CONF_EXECUTE_FROM_PSRAM = "execute_from_psram"
 CONF_MINIMUM_CHIP_REVISION = "minimum_chip_revision"
 CONF_RELEASE = "release"
diff --git a/esphome/const.py b/esphome/const.py
index ccc9d56dbb..0b1037d091 100644
--- a/esphome/const.py
+++ b/esphome/const.py
@@ -354,6 +354,7 @@ CONF_ELSE = "else"
 CONF_ENABLE_BTM = "enable_btm"
 CONF_ENABLE_IPV6 = "enable_ipv6"
 CONF_ENABLE_ON_BOOT = "enable_on_boot"
+CONF_ENABLE_OTA_ROLLBACK = "enable_ota_rollback"
 CONF_ENABLE_PIN = "enable_pin"
 CONF_ENABLE_PRIVATE_NETWORK_ACCESS = "enable_private_network_access"
 CONF_ENABLE_RRM = "enable_rrm"

From 918bbfb0d3c73be7616fc7e7ab57238f27bc35ad Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 23 Feb 2026 20:22:32 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 163/609] Bump aioesphomeapi from 44.0.0 to 44.1.0 (#14232)

Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 requirements.txt | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index be3445dceb..d22097b3ca 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ platformio==6.1.19
 esptool==5.2.0
 click==8.1.7
 esphome-dashboard==20260210.0
-aioesphomeapi==44.0.0
+aioesphomeapi==44.1.0
 zeroconf==0.148.0
 puremagic==1.30
 ruamel.yaml==0.19.1 # dashboard_import

From 02c37bb6d63d9ccb457a13f35b6f2e3c80c35cc9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: tomaszduda23 <tomaszduda23@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 23 Feb 2026 21:23:40 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 164/609] [nrf52,logger] generate crash magic in python
 (#14173)

---
 esphome/components/logger/logger_zephyr.cpp | 6 ++----
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/logger_zephyr.cpp b/esphome/components/logger/logger_zephyr.cpp
index c2d24d6efc..6b46b93c61 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/logger_zephyr.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/logger_zephyr.cpp
@@ -20,8 +20,6 @@ __attribute__((weak)) void print_coredump() {}
 
 namespace esphome::logger {
 
-static const uint32_t CRASH_MAGIC = 0xDEADBEEF;
-
 __attribute__((section(".noinit"))) struct {
   uint32_t magic;
   uint32_t reason;
@@ -152,7 +150,7 @@ static const char *reason_to_str(unsigned int reason, char *buf) {
 
 void Logger::dump_crash_() {
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Crash buffer address %p", &crash_buf);
-  if (crash_buf.magic == CRASH_MAGIC) {
+  if (crash_buf.magic == App.get_config_hash()) {
     char reason_buf[REASON_BUF_SIZE];
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Last crash:");
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Reason=%s PC=0x%08x LR=0x%08x", reason_to_str(crash_buf.reason, reason_buf), crash_buf.pc,
@@ -164,7 +162,7 @@ void Logger::dump_crash_() {
 }
 
 void k_sys_fatal_error_handler(unsigned int reason, const z_arch_esf_t *esf) {
-  crash_buf.magic = CRASH_MAGIC;
+  crash_buf.magic = App.get_config_hash();
   crash_buf.reason = reason;
   if (esf) {
     crash_buf.pc = esf->basic.pc;

From 4a529003527b3d475742b29ae2fed82e55b0066c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: James Myatt <james@jamesmyatt.co.uk>
Date: Mon, 23 Feb 2026 21:16:32 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 165/609] [nfc] Fix logging tag for nfc helpers (#14235)

---
 esphome/components/nfc/nfc_helpers.cpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/nfc/nfc_helpers.cpp b/esphome/components/nfc/nfc_helpers.cpp
index bfaed6e486..fb0954a833 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nfc/nfc_helpers.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/nfc/nfc_helpers.cpp
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ std::string get_random_ha_tag_ndef() {
   for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
     uri += ALPHANUM[random_uint32() % (sizeof(ALPHANUM) - 1)];
   }
-  ESP_LOGD("pn7160", "Payload to be written: %s", uri.c_str());
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Payload to be written: %s", uri.c_str());
   return uri;
 }
 

From 869678953dfbe22f2b784e8ec927bfa394676671 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 23 Feb 2026 17:03:24 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 166/609] [core] Add pow10_int helper, replace powf in
 normalize_accuracy and sensor filters (#14114)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/sensor/filter.cpp |  5 +++--
 esphome/core/helpers.cpp             | 11 +++++++++--
 esphome/core/helpers.h               | 15 +++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/sensor/filter.cpp b/esphome/components/sensor/filter.cpp
index cd4db98457..0fe1effe17 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sensor/filter.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sensor/filter.cpp
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include <cmath>
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "sensor.h"
 
@@ -240,7 +241,7 @@ ValueListFilter::ValueListFilter(std::initializer_list<TemplatableValue<float>>
 
 bool ValueListFilter::value_matches_any_(float sensor_value) {
   int8_t accuracy = this->parent_->get_accuracy_decimals();
-  float accuracy_mult = powf(10.0f, accuracy);
+  float accuracy_mult = pow10_int(accuracy);
   float rounded_sensor = roundf(accuracy_mult * sensor_value);
 
   for (auto &filter_value : this->values_) {
@@ -472,7 +473,7 @@ optional<float> ClampFilter::new_value(float value) {
 RoundFilter::RoundFilter(uint8_t precision) : precision_(precision) {}
 optional<float> RoundFilter::new_value(float value) {
   if (std::isfinite(value)) {
-    float accuracy_mult = powf(10.0f, this->precision_);
+    float accuracy_mult = pow10_int(this->precision_);
     return roundf(accuracy_mult * value) / accuracy_mult;
   }
   return value;
diff --git a/esphome/core/helpers.cpp b/esphome/core/helpers.cpp
index 9f850b5df8..6d801e7ebc 100644
--- a/esphome/core/helpers.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/helpers.cpp
@@ -468,8 +468,15 @@ ParseOnOffState parse_on_off(const char *str, const char *on, const char *off) {
 
 static inline void normalize_accuracy_decimals(float &value, int8_t &accuracy_decimals) {
   if (accuracy_decimals < 0) {
-    auto multiplier = powf(10.0f, accuracy_decimals);
-    value = roundf(value * multiplier) / multiplier;
+    float divisor;
+    if (accuracy_decimals == -1) {
+      divisor = 10.0f;
+    } else if (accuracy_decimals == -2) {
+      divisor = 100.0f;
+    } else {
+      divisor = pow10_int(-accuracy_decimals);
+    }
+    value = roundf(value / divisor) * divisor;
     accuracy_decimals = 0;
   }
 }
diff --git a/esphome/core/helpers.h b/esphome/core/helpers.h
index 298b93fbc4..b606e68df3 100644
--- a/esphome/core/helpers.h
+++ b/esphome/core/helpers.h
@@ -439,6 +439,21 @@ template<size_t STACK_SIZE, typename T = uint8_t> class SmallBufferWithHeapFallb
 /// @name Mathematics
 ///@{
 
+/// Compute 10^exp using iterative multiplication/division.
+/// Avoids pulling in powf/__ieee754_powf (~2.3KB flash) for small integer exponents.
+/// Matches powf(10, exp) for the int8_t exponent range used by sensor accuracy_decimals.
+inline float pow10_int(int8_t exp) {
+  float result = 1.0f;
+  if (exp >= 0) {
+    for (int8_t i = 0; i < exp; i++)
+      result *= 10.0f;
+  } else {
+    for (int8_t i = exp; i < 0; i++)
+      result /= 10.0f;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
 /// Remap \p value from the range (\p min, \p max) to (\p min_out, \p max_out).
 template<typename T, typename U> T remap(U value, U min, U max, T min_out, T max_out) {
   return (value - min) * (max_out - min_out) / (max - min) + min_out;

From ebf1047da79805e86ec7a7e1058a2c50c55e42b0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 23 Feb 2026 18:51:56 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 167/609] [core] Move build_info_data.h out of application.h to
 fix incremental rebuilds (#14230)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .../components/version/version_text_sensor.cpp |  1 +
 esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp   |  2 +-
 esphome/core/application.cpp                   | 11 +++++++++++
 esphome/core/application.h                     | 18 ++++++++----------
 4 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/version/version_text_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/version/version_text_sensor.cpp
index 2e5686008b..74bb4c76e8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/version/version_text_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/version/version_text_sensor.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "version_text_sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/build_info_data.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/version.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
index 4b572417c1..682008c40e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::get_config_json() {
   JsonObject root = builder.root();
 
   root[ESPHOME_F("title")] = App.get_friendly_name().empty() ? App.get_name().c_str() : App.get_friendly_name().c_str();
-  char comment_buffer[ESPHOME_COMMENT_SIZE];
+  char comment_buffer[Application::ESPHOME_COMMENT_SIZE_MAX];
   App.get_comment_string(comment_buffer);
   root[ESPHOME_F("comment")] = comment_buffer;
 #if defined(USE_WEBSERVER_OTA_DISABLED) || !defined(USE_WEBSERVER_OTA)
diff --git a/esphome/core/application.cpp b/esphome/core/application.cpp
index c6597897dc..1cb7dc0075 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/application.cpp
@@ -749,4 +749,15 @@ void Application::get_build_time_string(std::span<char, BUILD_TIME_STR_SIZE> buf
   buffer[buffer.size() - 1] = '\0';
 }
 
+void Application::get_comment_string(std::span<char, ESPHOME_COMMENT_SIZE_MAX> buffer) {
+  ESPHOME_strncpy_P(buffer.data(), ESPHOME_COMMENT_STR, ESPHOME_COMMENT_SIZE);
+  buffer[ESPHOME_COMMENT_SIZE - 1] = '\0';
+}
+
+uint32_t Application::get_config_hash() { return ESPHOME_CONFIG_HASH; }
+
+uint32_t Application::get_config_version_hash() { return fnv1a_hash_extend(ESPHOME_CONFIG_HASH, ESPHOME_VERSION); }
+
+time_t Application::get_build_time() { return ESPHOME_BUILD_TIME; }
+
 }  // namespace esphome
diff --git a/esphome/core/application.h b/esphome/core/application.h
index 5b3e3dfed6..cd275bb97f 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.h
+++ b/esphome/core/application.h
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 #include <span>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
-#include "esphome/core/build_info_data.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
@@ -274,16 +273,15 @@ class Application {
     return "";
   }
 
+  /// Maximum size of the comment buffer (including null terminator)
+  static constexpr size_t ESPHOME_COMMENT_SIZE_MAX = 256;
+
   /// Copy the comment string into the provided buffer
-  /// Buffer must be ESPHOME_COMMENT_SIZE bytes (compile-time enforced)
-  void get_comment_string(std::span<char, ESPHOME_COMMENT_SIZE> buffer) {
-    ESPHOME_strncpy_P(buffer.data(), ESPHOME_COMMENT_STR, buffer.size());
-    buffer[buffer.size() - 1] = '\0';
-  }
+  void get_comment_string(std::span<char, ESPHOME_COMMENT_SIZE_MAX> buffer);
 
   /// Get the comment of this Application as a string
   std::string get_comment() {
-    char buffer[ESPHOME_COMMENT_SIZE];
+    char buffer[ESPHOME_COMMENT_SIZE_MAX];
     this->get_comment_string(buffer);
     return std::string(buffer);
   }
@@ -294,13 +292,13 @@ class Application {
   static constexpr size_t BUILD_TIME_STR_SIZE = 26;
 
   /// Get the config hash as a 32-bit integer
-  constexpr uint32_t get_config_hash() { return ESPHOME_CONFIG_HASH; }
+  uint32_t get_config_hash();
 
   /// Get the config hash extended with ESPHome version
-  constexpr uint32_t get_config_version_hash() { return fnv1a_hash_extend(ESPHOME_CONFIG_HASH, ESPHOME_VERSION); }
+  uint32_t get_config_version_hash();
 
   /// Get the build time as a Unix timestamp
-  constexpr time_t get_build_time() { return ESPHOME_BUILD_TIME; }
+  time_t get_build_time();
 
   /// Copy the build time string into the provided buffer
   /// Buffer must be BUILD_TIME_STR_SIZE bytes (compile-time enforced)

From 30cc51eac97948449aa87a4e741bab84bb79d6a2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 23 Feb 2026 19:49:00 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 168/609] [version] Use C++17 nested namespace syntax (#14240)

---
 esphome/components/version/version_text_sensor.cpp | 6 ++----
 esphome/components/version/version_text_sensor.h   | 6 ++----
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/version/version_text_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/version/version_text_sensor.cpp
index 74bb4c76e8..4a08001cc4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/version/version_text_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/version/version_text_sensor.cpp
@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/progmem.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace version {
+namespace esphome::version {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "version.text_sensor";
 
@@ -36,5 +35,4 @@ void VersionTextSensor::setup() {
 void VersionTextSensor::set_hide_timestamp(bool hide_timestamp) { this->hide_timestamp_ = hide_timestamp; }
 void VersionTextSensor::dump_config() { LOG_TEXT_SENSOR("", "Version Text Sensor", this); }
 
-}  // namespace version
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::version
diff --git a/esphome/components/version/version_text_sensor.h b/esphome/components/version/version_text_sensor.h
index b7d8001120..6153c5dd7c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/version/version_text_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/version/version_text_sensor.h
@@ -3,8 +3,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace version {
+namespace esphome::version {
 
 class VersionTextSensor : public text_sensor::TextSensor, public Component {
  public:
@@ -16,5 +15,4 @@ class VersionTextSensor : public text_sensor::TextSensor, public Component {
   bool hide_timestamp_{false};
 };
 
-}  // namespace version
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::version

From 843d06df3f5bf63e9447d1a10eaaa6987f0b5705 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 23 Feb 2026 19:49:15 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 169/609] [switch] Use C++17 nested namespace syntax (#14241)

---
 esphome/components/switch/automation.cpp           |  6 ++----
 esphome/components/switch/automation.h             |  6 ++----
 .../switch/binary_sensor/switch_binary_sensor.cpp  |  6 ++----
 .../switch/binary_sensor/switch_binary_sensor.h    |  6 ++----
 esphome/components/switch/switch.cpp               |  6 ++----
 esphome/components/switch/switch.h                 | 14 ++++++--------
 6 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/switch/automation.cpp b/esphome/components/switch/automation.cpp
index 5989ae9ce3..9a0221fe56 100644
--- a/esphome/components/switch/automation.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/switch/automation.cpp
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
 #include "automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace switch_ {
+namespace esphome::switch_ {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "switch.automation";
 
-}  // namespace switch_
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::switch_
diff --git a/esphome/components/switch/automation.h b/esphome/components/switch/automation.h
index 27d3474c97..ed1f056c8b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/switch/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/components/switch/automation.h
@@ -4,8 +4,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/components/switch/switch.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace switch_ {
+namespace esphome::switch_ {
 
 template<typename... Ts> class TurnOnAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
@@ -104,5 +103,4 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SwitchPublishAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   Switch *switch_;
 };
 
-}  // namespace switch_
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::switch_
diff --git a/esphome/components/switch/binary_sensor/switch_binary_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/switch/binary_sensor/switch_binary_sensor.cpp
index ba57154446..19995fb1ae 100644
--- a/esphome/components/switch/binary_sensor/switch_binary_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/switch/binary_sensor/switch_binary_sensor.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 #include "switch_binary_sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace switch_ {
+namespace esphome::switch_ {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "switch.binary_sensor";
 
@@ -13,5 +12,4 @@ void SwitchBinarySensor::setup() {
 
 void SwitchBinarySensor::dump_config() { LOG_BINARY_SENSOR("", "Switch Binary Sensor", this); }
 
-}  // namespace switch_
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::switch_
diff --git a/esphome/components/switch/binary_sensor/switch_binary_sensor.h b/esphome/components/switch/binary_sensor/switch_binary_sensor.h
index 53b07da903..0b77cdd920 100644
--- a/esphome/components/switch/binary_sensor/switch_binary_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/switch/binary_sensor/switch_binary_sensor.h
@@ -4,8 +4,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace switch_ {
+namespace esphome::switch_ {
 
 class SwitchBinarySensor : public binary_sensor::BinarySensor, public Component {
  public:
@@ -17,5 +16,4 @@ class SwitchBinarySensor : public binary_sensor::BinarySensor, public Component
   Switch *source_;
 };
 
-}  // namespace switch_
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::switch_
diff --git a/esphome/components/switch/switch.cpp b/esphome/components/switch/switch.cpp
index 61a273d25c..9e9af21368 100644
--- a/esphome/components/switch/switch.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/switch/switch.cpp
@@ -3,8 +3,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/controller_registry.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace switch_ {
+namespace esphome::switch_ {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "switch";
 
@@ -107,5 +106,4 @@ void log_switch(const char *tag, const char *prefix, const char *type, Switch *o
   }
 }
 
-}  // namespace switch_
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::switch_
diff --git a/esphome/components/switch/switch.h b/esphome/components/switch/switch.h
index 9319adf9ed..982c640cf9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/switch/switch.h
+++ b/esphome/components/switch/switch.h
@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/preferences.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace switch_ {
+namespace esphome::switch_ {
 
 #define SUB_SWITCH(name) \
  protected: \
@@ -16,10 +15,10 @@ namespace switch_ {
   void set_##name##_switch(switch_::Switch *s) { this->name##_switch_ = s; }
 
 // bit0: on/off. bit1: persistent. bit2: inverted. bit3: disabled
-const int RESTORE_MODE_ON_MASK = 0x01;
-const int RESTORE_MODE_PERSISTENT_MASK = 0x02;
-const int RESTORE_MODE_INVERTED_MASK = 0x04;
-const int RESTORE_MODE_DISABLED_MASK = 0x08;
+constexpr int RESTORE_MODE_ON_MASK = 0x01;
+constexpr int RESTORE_MODE_PERSISTENT_MASK = 0x02;
+constexpr int RESTORE_MODE_INVERTED_MASK = 0x04;
+constexpr int RESTORE_MODE_DISABLED_MASK = 0x08;
 
 enum SwitchRestoreMode : uint8_t {
   SWITCH_ALWAYS_OFF = !RESTORE_MODE_ON_MASK,
@@ -146,5 +145,4 @@ class Switch : public EntityBase, public EntityBase_DeviceClass {
 #define LOG_SWITCH(prefix, type, obj) log_switch((TAG), (prefix), LOG_STR_LITERAL(type), (obj))
 void log_switch(const char *tag, const char *prefix, const char *type, Switch *obj);
 
-}  // namespace switch_
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::switch_

From 63c1496115befafbdf8565f48b34ab7a6ea57753 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 23 Feb 2026 19:49:25 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 170/609] [text] Use C++17 nested namespace syntax (#14242)

---
 esphome/components/text/automation.h  | 6 ++----
 esphome/components/text/text.cpp      | 6 ++----
 esphome/components/text/text.h        | 6 ++----
 esphome/components/text/text_call.cpp | 6 ++----
 esphome/components/text/text_call.h   | 6 ++----
 esphome/components/text/text_traits.h | 6 ++----
 6 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/text/automation.h b/esphome/components/text/automation.h
index e7667fe491..ac8166d0be 100644
--- a/esphome/components/text/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/components/text/automation.h
@@ -4,8 +4,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "text.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace text {
+namespace esphome::text {
 
 class TextStateTrigger : public Trigger<std::string> {
  public:
@@ -29,5 +28,4 @@ template<typename... Ts> class TextSetAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   Text *text_;
 };
 
-}  // namespace text
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::text
diff --git a/esphome/components/text/text.cpp b/esphome/components/text/text.cpp
index e3f74b685b..d8ab6b1b92 100644
--- a/esphome/components/text/text.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/text/text.cpp
@@ -4,8 +4,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include <cstring>
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace text {
+namespace esphome::text {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "text";
 
@@ -34,5 +33,4 @@ void Text::add_on_state_callback(std::function<void(const std::string &)> &&call
   this->state_callback_.add(std::move(callback));
 }
 
-}  // namespace text
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::text
diff --git a/esphome/components/text/text.h b/esphome/components/text/text.h
index 3a1bea56cb..7d255e5688 100644
--- a/esphome/components/text/text.h
+++ b/esphome/components/text/text.h
@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@
 #include "text_call.h"
 #include "text_traits.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace text {
+namespace esphome::text {
 
 #define LOG_TEXT(prefix, type, obj) \
   if ((obj) != nullptr) { \
@@ -47,5 +46,4 @@ class Text : public EntityBase {
   LazyCallbackManager<void(const std::string &)> state_callback_;
 };
 
-}  // namespace text
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::text
diff --git a/esphome/components/text/text_call.cpp b/esphome/components/text/text_call.cpp
index 0d0a1d228d..8a1630c5ca 100644
--- a/esphome/components/text/text_call.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/text/text_call.cpp
@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "text.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace text {
+namespace esphome::text {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "text";
 
@@ -52,5 +51,4 @@ void TextCall::perform() {
   this->parent_->control(target_value);
 }
 
-}  // namespace text
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::text
diff --git a/esphome/components/text/text_call.h b/esphome/components/text/text_call.h
index 9f75a25c6b..532fae34b2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/text/text_call.h
+++ b/esphome/components/text/text_call.h
@@ -3,8 +3,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "text_traits.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace text {
+namespace esphome::text {
 
 class Text;
 
@@ -21,5 +20,4 @@ class TextCall {
   void validate_();
 };
 
-}  // namespace text
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::text
diff --git a/esphome/components/text/text_traits.h b/esphome/components/text/text_traits.h
index 473daafb8e..72e65b83ce 100644
--- a/esphome/components/text/text_traits.h
+++ b/esphome/components/text/text_traits.h
@@ -4,8 +4,7 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace text {
+namespace esphome::text {
 
 enum TextMode : uint8_t {
   TEXT_MODE_TEXT = 0,
@@ -37,5 +36,4 @@ class TextTraits {
   TextMode mode_{TEXT_MODE_TEXT};
 };
 
-}  // namespace text
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::text

From 500aa7bf1d27378ea94141babdad6c83b0176f4f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 23 Feb 2026 19:49:35 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 171/609] [text_sensor] Use C++17 nested namespace syntax
 (#14243)

---
 esphome/components/text_sensor/automation.h    | 6 ++----
 esphome/components/text_sensor/filter.cpp      | 6 ++----
 esphome/components/text_sensor/filter.h        | 6 ++----
 esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.cpp | 6 ++----
 esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h   | 6 ++----
 5 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/text_sensor/automation.h b/esphome/components/text_sensor/automation.h
index 709c54c140..ab30362774 100644
--- a/esphome/components/text_sensor/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/components/text_sensor/automation.h
@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace text_sensor {
+namespace esphome::text_sensor {
 
 class TextSensorStateTrigger : public Trigger<std::string> {
  public:
@@ -46,5 +45,4 @@ template<typename... Ts> class TextSensorPublishAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   TextSensor *sensor_;
 };
 
-}  // namespace text_sensor
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::text_sensor
diff --git a/esphome/components/text_sensor/filter.cpp b/esphome/components/text_sensor/filter.cpp
index f6552c7c66..f7c6a695fb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/text_sensor/filter.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/text_sensor/filter.cpp
@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace text_sensor {
+namespace esphome::text_sensor {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "text_sensor.filter";
 
@@ -107,7 +106,6 @@ bool MapFilter::new_value(std::string &value) {
   return true;  // Pass through if no match
 }
 
-}  // namespace text_sensor
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::text_sensor
 
 #endif  // USE_TEXT_SENSOR_FILTER
diff --git a/esphome/components/text_sensor/filter.h b/esphome/components/text_sensor/filter.h
index f88e8645cc..8a8bc55c8e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/text_sensor/filter.h
+++ b/esphome/components/text_sensor/filter.h
@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace text_sensor {
+namespace esphome::text_sensor {
 
 class TextSensor;
 
@@ -165,7 +164,6 @@ class MapFilter : public Filter {
   FixedVector<Substitution> mappings_;
 };
 
-}  // namespace text_sensor
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::text_sensor
 
 #endif  // USE_TEXT_SENSOR_FILTER
diff --git a/esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.cpp
index c66d08ec40..91561c5f42 100644
--- a/esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.cpp
@@ -4,8 +4,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include <cstring>
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace text_sensor {
+namespace esphome::text_sensor {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "text_sensor";
 
@@ -125,5 +124,4 @@ void TextSensor::notify_frontend_() {
 #endif
 }
 
-}  // namespace text_sensor
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::text_sensor
diff --git a/esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h b/esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h
index 97373dc716..9916aa63b2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h
@@ -10,8 +10,7 @@
 #include <initializer_list>
 #include <memory>
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace text_sensor {
+namespace esphome::text_sensor {
 
 class TextSensor;
 
@@ -84,5 +83,4 @@ class TextSensor : public EntityBase, public EntityBase_DeviceClass {
 #endif
 };
 
-}  // namespace text_sensor
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::text_sensor

From a694003fe3f2aca98e930f9d1836d43ac2ee05d4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 23 Feb 2026 19:49:48 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 172/609] [usb_host] Use C++17 nested namespace syntax (#14244)

---
 esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host.h        | 26 +++++++++----------
 .../components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp   |  6 ++---
 .../usb_host/usb_host_component.cpp           |  6 ++---
 3 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host.h b/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host.h
index a6a97d0bd7..2eec0c9699 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host.h
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host.h
@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/event_pool.h"
 #include <atomic>
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace usb_host {
+namespace esphome::usb_host {
 
 // THREADING MODEL:
 // This component uses a dedicated USB task for event processing to prevent data loss.
@@ -44,16 +43,16 @@ struct TransferRequest;
 class USBClient;
 
 // constants for setup packet type
-static const uint8_t USB_RECIP_DEVICE = 0;
-static const uint8_t USB_RECIP_INTERFACE = 1;
-static const uint8_t USB_RECIP_ENDPOINT = 2;
-static const uint8_t USB_TYPE_STANDARD = 0 << 5;
-static const uint8_t USB_TYPE_CLASS = 1 << 5;
-static const uint8_t USB_TYPE_VENDOR = 2 << 5;
-static const uint8_t USB_DIR_MASK = 1 << 7;
-static const uint8_t USB_DIR_IN = 1 << 7;
-static const uint8_t USB_DIR_OUT = 0;
-static const size_t SETUP_PACKET_SIZE = 8;
+static constexpr uint8_t USB_RECIP_DEVICE = 0;
+static constexpr uint8_t USB_RECIP_INTERFACE = 1;
+static constexpr uint8_t USB_RECIP_ENDPOINT = 2;
+static constexpr uint8_t USB_TYPE_STANDARD = 0 << 5;
+static constexpr uint8_t USB_TYPE_CLASS = 1 << 5;
+static constexpr uint8_t USB_TYPE_VENDOR = 2 << 5;
+static constexpr uint8_t USB_DIR_MASK = 1 << 7;
+static constexpr uint8_t USB_DIR_IN = 1 << 7;
+static constexpr uint8_t USB_DIR_OUT = 0;
+static constexpr size_t SETUP_PACKET_SIZE = 8;
 
 static constexpr size_t MAX_REQUESTS = USB_HOST_MAX_REQUESTS;  // maximum number of outstanding requests possible.
 static_assert(MAX_REQUESTS >= 1 && MAX_REQUESTS <= 32, "MAX_REQUESTS must be between 1 and 32");
@@ -189,7 +188,6 @@ class USBHost : public Component {
   std::vector<USBClient *> clients_{};
 };
 
-}  // namespace usb_host
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::usb_host
 
 #endif  // USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp
index 422d74095c..5b0aed4c59 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp
@@ -10,8 +10,7 @@
 #include <cstring>
 #include <atomic>
 #include <span>
-namespace esphome {
-namespace usb_host {
+namespace esphome::usb_host {
 
 #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wparentheses"
 
@@ -568,6 +567,5 @@ void USBClient::release_trq(TransferRequest *trq) {
   this->trq_in_use_.fetch_and(mask, std::memory_order_release);
 }
 
-}  // namespace usb_host
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::usb_host
 #endif  // USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host_component.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host_component.cpp
index 790fe6713b..8ce0a70dc9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host_component.cpp
@@ -4,8 +4,7 @@
 #include <cinttypes>
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace usb_host {
+namespace esphome::usb_host {
 
 void USBHost::setup() {
   usb_host_config_t config{};
@@ -28,7 +27,6 @@ void USBHost::loop() {
   }
 }
 
-}  // namespace usb_host
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::usb_host
 
 #endif  // USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3

From 1614eb9c9cc3be784d22f262171b7978b21ebbb3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 23 Feb 2026 19:50:00 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 173/609] [i2c] Use C++17 nested namespace syntax (#14245)

---
 esphome/components/i2c/i2c.cpp             | 6 ++----
 esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h               | 6 ++----
 esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus.h           | 6 ++----
 esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_arduino.cpp | 6 ++----
 esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_arduino.h   | 6 ++----
 esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_esp_idf.cpp | 6 ++----
 esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_esp_idf.h   | 6 ++----
 7 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/i2c/i2c.cpp b/esphome/components/i2c/i2c.cpp
index b9b5d79428..76b3ec3b4d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2c/i2c.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/i2c/i2c.cpp
@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include <memory>
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace i2c {
+namespace esphome::i2c {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "i2c";
 
@@ -109,5 +108,4 @@ uint8_t I2CRegister16::get() const {
   return value;
 }
 
-}  // namespace i2c
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::i2c
diff --git a/esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h b/esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h
index aab98d5f46..00929db620 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h
+++ b/esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h
@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/optional.h"
 #include "i2c_bus.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace i2c {
+namespace esphome::i2c {
 
 #define LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this) ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Address: 0x%02X", this->address_);
 
@@ -272,5 +271,4 @@ class I2CDevice {
   I2CBus *bus_{nullptr};   ///< pointer to I2CBus instance
 };
 
-}  // namespace i2c
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::i2c
diff --git a/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus.h b/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus.h
index 2bc0dc1ef9..0c5e80bfe5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus.h
+++ b/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus.h
@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace i2c {
+namespace esphome::i2c {
 
 /// @brief Error codes returned by I2CBus and I2CDevice methods
 enum ErrorCode {
@@ -69,5 +68,4 @@ class InternalI2CBus : public I2CBus {
   virtual int get_port() const = 0;
 };
 
-}  // namespace i2c
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::i2c
diff --git a/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_arduino.cpp b/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_arduino.cpp
index edd6b81588..5120eb4c00 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_arduino.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_arduino.cpp
@@ -7,8 +7,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace i2c {
+namespace esphome::i2c {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "i2c.arduino";
 
@@ -262,7 +261,6 @@ void ArduinoI2CBus::recover_() {
 
   recovery_result_ = RECOVERY_COMPLETED;
 }
-}  // namespace i2c
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::i2c
 
 #endif  // defined(USE_ARDUINO) && !defined(USE_ESP32)
diff --git a/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_arduino.h b/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_arduino.h
index 2d69e7684c..edc14af7bc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_arduino.h
+++ b/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_arduino.h
@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "i2c_bus.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace i2c {
+namespace esphome::i2c {
 
 enum RecoveryCode {
   RECOVERY_FAILED_SCL_LOW,
@@ -45,7 +44,6 @@ class ArduinoI2CBus : public InternalI2CBus, public Component {
   bool initialized_ = false;
 };
 
-}  // namespace i2c
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::i2c
 
 #endif  // defined(USE_ARDUINO) && !defined(USE_ESP32)
diff --git a/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_esp_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_esp_idf.cpp
index 7a965ce5ad..eaefabf75b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_esp_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_esp_idf.cpp
@@ -10,8 +10,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace i2c {
+namespace esphome::i2c {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "i2c.idf";
 
@@ -312,6 +311,5 @@ void IDFI2CBus::recover_() {
   recovery_result_ = RECOVERY_COMPLETED;
 }
 
-}  // namespace i2c
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::i2c
 #endif  // USE_ESP32
diff --git a/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_esp_idf.h b/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_esp_idf.h
index 84f4616967..c23f9f0c54 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_esp_idf.h
+++ b/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_esp_idf.h
@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@
 #include "i2c_bus.h"
 #include <driver/i2c_master.h>
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace i2c {
+namespace esphome::i2c {
 
 enum RecoveryCode {
   RECOVERY_FAILED_SCL_LOW,
@@ -56,7 +55,6 @@ class IDFI2CBus : public InternalI2CBus, public Component {
 #endif
 };
 
-}  // namespace i2c
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::i2c
 
 #endif  // USE_ESP32

From 70e47f301d0dd936ce0d30241aa1427fbab02812 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 23 Feb 2026 19:50:11 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 174/609] [ethernet] Use C++17 nested namespace syntax (#14246)

---
 esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp | 6 ++----
 esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h   | 6 ++----
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp
index fcd32223e4..f855bc89cc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp
@@ -19,8 +19,7 @@
 #include <driver/spi_master.h>
 #endif
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace ethernet {
+namespace esphome::ethernet {
 
 #if ESP_IDF_VERSION < ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 4, 2)
 // work around IDF compile issue on P4 https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/pull/15637
@@ -881,7 +880,6 @@ void EthernetComponent::write_phy_register_(esp_eth_mac_t *mac, PHYRegister regi
 
 #endif
 
-}  // namespace ethernet
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::ethernet
 
 #endif  // USE_ESP32
diff --git a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h
index b4859c308d..1cd44d2b2c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h
@@ -15,8 +15,7 @@
 #include "esp_mac.h"
 #include "esp_idf_version.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace ethernet {
+namespace esphome::ethernet {
 
 #ifdef USE_ETHERNET_IP_STATE_LISTENERS
 /** Listener interface for Ethernet IP state changes.
@@ -218,7 +217,6 @@ extern EthernetComponent *global_eth_component;
 extern "C" esp_eth_phy_t *esp_eth_phy_new_jl1101(const eth_phy_config_t *config);
 #endif
 
-}  // namespace ethernet
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::ethernet
 
 #endif  // USE_ESP32

From 7d9d90d3f8c4b431b74ad197f9f354f9a4795f59 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 23 Feb 2026 19:50:22 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 175/609] [cse7766] Use C++17 nested namespace syntax (#14247)

---
 esphome/components/cse7766/cse7766.cpp | 6 ++----
 esphome/components/cse7766/cse7766.h   | 6 ++----
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/cse7766/cse7766.cpp b/esphome/components/cse7766/cse7766.cpp
index 7ffdf757a0..806b79e19e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cse7766/cse7766.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/cse7766/cse7766.cpp
@@ -3,8 +3,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace cse7766 {
+namespace esphome::cse7766 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "cse7766";
 
@@ -258,5 +257,4 @@ void CSE7766Component::dump_config() {
   this->check_uart_settings(4800, 1, uart::UART_CONFIG_PARITY_EVEN);
 }
 
-}  // namespace cse7766
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::cse7766
diff --git a/esphome/components/cse7766/cse7766.h b/esphome/components/cse7766/cse7766.h
index 66a4e04633..77b80dd824 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cse7766/cse7766.h
+++ b/esphome/components/cse7766/cse7766.h
@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/components/uart/uart.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace cse7766 {
+namespace esphome::cse7766 {
 
 static constexpr size_t CSE7766_RAW_DATA_SIZE = 24;
 
@@ -49,5 +48,4 @@ class CSE7766Component : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
   uint16_t cf_pulses_last_{0};
 };
 
-}  // namespace cse7766
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::cse7766

From ad2da0af52469c18b8741a60e6b4aa977415bf8c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 23 Feb 2026 20:00:21 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 176/609] [network] Use C++17 nested namespace syntax (#14248)

---
 esphome/components/network/ip_address.h | 6 ++----
 esphome/components/network/util.cpp     | 6 ++----
 esphome/components/network/util.h       | 6 ++----
 3 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/network/ip_address.h b/esphome/components/network/ip_address.h
index b2a2c563e2..c0e7b2886c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/network/ip_address.h
+++ b/esphome/components/network/ip_address.h
@@ -37,8 +37,7 @@ using ip4_addr_t = in_addr;
 #include <esp_netif.h>
 #endif
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace network {
+namespace esphome::network {
 
 /// Buffer size for IP address string (IPv6 max: 39 chars + null)
 static constexpr size_t IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE = 40;
@@ -187,6 +186,5 @@ struct IPAddress {
 
 using IPAddresses = std::array<IPAddress, 5>;
 
-}  // namespace network
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::network
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/network/util.cpp b/esphome/components/network/util.cpp
index 5e741fd244..e397d77077 100644
--- a/esphome/components/network/util.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/network/util.cpp
@@ -17,8 +17,7 @@
 #include "esphome/components/modem/modem_component.h"
 #endif
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace network {
+namespace esphome::network {
 
 // The order of the components is important: WiFi should come after any possible main interfaces (it may be used as
 // an AP that use a previous interface for NAT).
@@ -109,6 +108,5 @@ const char *get_use_address() {
 #endif
 }
 
-}  // namespace network
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::network
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/network/util.h b/esphome/components/network/util.h
index 3dc12232aa..ae949ab0a8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/network/util.h
+++ b/esphome/components/network/util.h
@@ -4,8 +4,7 @@
 #include <string>
 #include "ip_address.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace network {
+namespace esphome::network {
 
 /// Return whether the node is connected to the network (through wifi, eth, ...)
 bool is_connected();
@@ -15,6 +14,5 @@ bool is_disabled();
 const char *get_use_address();
 IPAddresses get_ip_addresses();
 
-}  // namespace network
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::network
 #endif

From abf7074518379503dec1a19dd46b8019c1d3a789 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 24 Feb 2026 08:27:48 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 177/609] [esp32] Improve ESP32-P4 engineering sample warning
 message (#14252)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py | 11 +++++++++--
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
index 62367443da..a34747a183 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
@@ -790,8 +790,15 @@ def _detect_variant(value):
             engineering_sample = value.get(CONF_ENGINEERING_SAMPLE)
             if engineering_sample is None:
                 _LOGGER.warning(
-                    "No board specified for ESP32-P4. Defaulting to production silicon (rev3). "
-                    "If you have an early engineering sample (pre-rev3), set 'engineering_sample: true'."
+                    "No board specified for ESP32-P4. Defaulting to production silicon (rev3).\n"
+                    "If you have an early engineering sample (pre-rev3), add this to your config:\n"
+                    "\n"
+                    "  esp32:\n"
+                    "    engineering_sample: true\n"
+                    "\n"
+                    "To check your chip revision, look for 'chip revision: vX.Y' in the boot log.\n"
+                    "Engineering samples will show a revision below v3.0.\n"
+                    "The 'debug:' component also reports the revision (e.g. Revision: 100 = v1.0, 300 = v3.0)."
                 )
             elif engineering_sample:
                 value[CONF_BOARD] = "esp32-p4-evboard"

From 72263eda855c7ffee631a5281fe4c5c9549f4deb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?H=2E=20=C3=81rkosi=20R=C3=B3bert?= <robreg@zsurob.hu>
Date: Tue, 24 Feb 2026 14:31:58 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 178/609] [version] text sensor add option `hide_hash` to
 restore the pre-2026.1 behavior (#14251)

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci-lite[bot] <117423508+pre-commit-ci-lite[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/version/text_sensor.py     | 11 +++++-
 .../version/version_text_sensor.cpp           | 34 ++++++++++++++-----
 .../components/version/version_text_sensor.h  |  2 ++
 esphome/const.py                              |  1 +
 tests/components/version/common.yaml          | 15 +++++++-
 5 files changed, 52 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/version/text_sensor.py b/esphome/components/version/text_sensor.py
index ba8c493d4b..a55e18a5a7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/version/text_sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/version/text_sensor.py
@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_HIDE_TIMESTAMP, ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC, ICON_NEW_BOX
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_HIDE_HASH,
+    CONF_HIDE_TIMESTAMP,
+    ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
+    ICON_NEW_BOX,
+)
 
 version_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("version")
 VersionTextSensor = version_ns.class_(
@@ -16,6 +21,9 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     .extend(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(VersionTextSensor),
+            # Hide the config hash suffix and restore the pre-2026.1
+            # version text format when set to true.
+            cv.Optional(CONF_HIDE_HASH, default=False): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(CONF_HIDE_TIMESTAMP, default=False): cv.boolean,
         }
     )
@@ -26,4 +34,5 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 async def to_code(config):
     var = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    cg.add(var.set_hide_hash(config[CONF_HIDE_HASH]))
     cg.add(var.set_hide_timestamp(config[CONF_HIDE_TIMESTAMP]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/version/version_text_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/version/version_text_sensor.cpp
index 4a08001cc4..8aec98d2da 100644
--- a/esphome/components/version/version_text_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/version/version_text_sensor.cpp
@@ -1,37 +1,53 @@
 #include "version_text_sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/build_info_data.h"
-#include "esphome/core/log.h"
-#include "esphome/core/version.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/progmem.h"
+#include "esphome/core/version.h"
 
 namespace esphome::version {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "version.text_sensor";
 
 void VersionTextSensor::setup() {
-  static const char PREFIX[] PROGMEM = ESPHOME_VERSION " (config hash 0x";
+  static const char HASH_PREFIX[] PROGMEM = ESPHOME_VERSION " (config hash 0x";
+  static const char VERSION_PREFIX[] PROGMEM = ESPHOME_VERSION;
   static const char BUILT_STR[] PROGMEM = ", built ";
-  // Buffer size: PREFIX + 8 hex chars + BUILT_STR + BUILD_TIME_STR_SIZE + ")" + null
-  constexpr size_t buf_size = sizeof(PREFIX) + 8 + sizeof(BUILT_STR) + esphome::Application::BUILD_TIME_STR_SIZE + 2;
+
+  // Buffer size: HASH_PREFIX + 8 hex chars + BUILT_STR + BUILD_TIME_STR_SIZE + ")" + null
+  constexpr size_t buf_size =
+      sizeof(HASH_PREFIX) + 8 + sizeof(BUILT_STR) + esphome::Application::BUILD_TIME_STR_SIZE + 2;
   char version_str[buf_size];
 
-  ESPHOME_strncpy_P(version_str, PREFIX, sizeof(version_str));
+  // hide_hash restores the pre-2026.1 base format by omitting
+  // the " (config hash 0x...)" suffix entirely.
+  if (this->hide_hash_) {
+    ESPHOME_strncpy_P(version_str, VERSION_PREFIX, sizeof(version_str));
+  } else {
+    ESPHOME_strncpy_P(version_str, HASH_PREFIX, sizeof(version_str));
 
-  size_t len = strlen(version_str);
-  snprintf(version_str + len, sizeof(version_str) - len, "%08" PRIx32, App.get_config_hash());
+    size_t len = strlen(version_str);
+    snprintf(version_str + len, sizeof(version_str) - len, "%08" PRIx32, App.get_config_hash());
+  }
 
+  // Keep hide_timestamp behavior independent from hide_hash so all
+  // combinations remain available to users.
   if (!this->hide_timestamp_) {
     size_t len = strlen(version_str);
     ESPHOME_strncat_P(version_str, BUILT_STR, sizeof(version_str) - len - 1);
     ESPHOME_strncat_P(version_str, ESPHOME_BUILD_TIME_STR, sizeof(version_str) - strlen(version_str) - 1);
   }
 
-  strncat(version_str, ")", sizeof(version_str) - strlen(version_str) - 1);
+  // The closing parenthesis is part of the config-hash suffix and must
+  // only be appended when that suffix is present.
+  if (!this->hide_hash_) {
+    strncat(version_str, ")", sizeof(version_str) - strlen(version_str) - 1);
+  }
   version_str[sizeof(version_str) - 1] = '\0';
   this->publish_state(version_str);
 }
+void VersionTextSensor::set_hide_hash(bool hide_hash) { this->hide_hash_ = hide_hash; }
 void VersionTextSensor::set_hide_timestamp(bool hide_timestamp) { this->hide_timestamp_ = hide_timestamp; }
 void VersionTextSensor::dump_config() { LOG_TEXT_SENSOR("", "Version Text Sensor", this); }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/version/version_text_sensor.h b/esphome/components/version/version_text_sensor.h
index 6153c5dd7c..fec898ae03 100644
--- a/esphome/components/version/version_text_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/version/version_text_sensor.h
@@ -7,11 +7,13 @@ namespace esphome::version {
 
 class VersionTextSensor : public text_sensor::TextSensor, public Component {
  public:
+  void set_hide_hash(bool hide_hash);
   void set_hide_timestamp(bool hide_timestamp);
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
 
  protected:
+  bool hide_hash_{false};
   bool hide_timestamp_{false};
 };
 
diff --git a/esphome/const.py b/esphome/const.py
index 0b1037d091..1611aeb101 100644
--- a/esphome/const.py
+++ b/esphome/const.py
@@ -463,6 +463,7 @@ CONF_HEAT_OVERRUN = "heat_overrun"
 CONF_HEATER = "heater"
 CONF_HEIGHT = "height"
 CONF_HIDDEN = "hidden"
+CONF_HIDE_HASH = "hide_hash"
 CONF_HIDE_TIMESTAMP = "hide_timestamp"
 CONF_HIGH = "high"
 CONF_HIGH_VOLTAGE_REFERENCE = "high_voltage_reference"
diff --git a/tests/components/version/common.yaml b/tests/components/version/common.yaml
index 7713afc37c..f9ff778e14 100644
--- a/tests/components/version/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/version/common.yaml
@@ -1,3 +1,16 @@
 text_sensor:
   - platform: version
-    name: "ESPHome Version"
+    name: "ESPHome Version Full"
+
+  - platform: version
+    name: "ESPHome Version No Timestamp"
+    hide_timestamp: true
+
+  - platform: version
+    name: "ESPHome Version No Hash"
+    hide_hash: true
+
+  - platform: version
+    name: "ESPHome Version Shortest"
+    hide_timestamp: true
+    hide_hash: true

From 4abbed0cd4ee94845cee7034a1d06d9a279167a3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clyde Stubbs <2366188+clydebarrow@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2026 00:33:33 +1100
Subject: [PATCH 179/609] [mipi_dsi] Allow transform disable; fix warnings
 (#14216)

---
 esphome/components/mipi_dsi/display.py        | 24 +++++++++++--------
 esphome/components/mipi_dsi/mipi_dsi.cpp      |  4 ++--
 esphome/components/mipi_dsi/mipi_dsi.h        | 10 ++++----
 .../mipi_dsi/fixtures/mipi_dsi.yaml           | 17 +++++++++++++
 .../mipi_dsi/test_mipi_dsi_config.py          |  3 ++-
 5 files changed, 40 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/display.py b/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/display.py
index de3791b3a4..85bfad7f1a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/display.py
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_COLOR_ORDER,
     CONF_DIMENSIONS,
+    CONF_DISABLED,
     CONF_ENABLE_PIN,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_INIT_SEQUENCE,
@@ -88,14 +89,17 @@ COLOR_DEPTHS = {
 def model_schema(config):
     model = MODELS[config[CONF_MODEL].upper()]
     model.defaults[CONF_SWAP_XY] = cv.UNDEFINED
-    transform = cv.Schema(
-        {
-            cv.Required(CONF_MIRROR_X): cv.boolean,
-            cv.Required(CONF_MIRROR_Y): cv.boolean,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_SWAP_XY): cv.invalid(
-                "Axis swapping not supported by DSI displays"
-            ),
-        }
+    transform = cv.Any(
+        cv.Schema(
+            {
+                cv.Required(CONF_MIRROR_X): cv.boolean,
+                cv.Required(CONF_MIRROR_Y): cv.boolean,
+                cv.Optional(CONF_SWAP_XY): cv.invalid(
+                    "Axis swapping not supported by DSI displays"
+                ),
+            }
+        ),
+        cv.one_of(CONF_DISABLED, lower=True),
     )
     # CUSTOM model will need to provide a custom init sequence
     iseqconf = (
@@ -199,9 +203,9 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.add(var.set_vsync_pulse_width(config[CONF_VSYNC_PULSE_WIDTH]))
     cg.add(var.set_vsync_back_porch(config[CONF_VSYNC_BACK_PORCH]))
     cg.add(var.set_vsync_front_porch(config[CONF_VSYNC_FRONT_PORCH]))
-    cg.add(var.set_pclk_frequency(int(config[CONF_PCLK_FREQUENCY] / 1e6)))
+    cg.add(var.set_pclk_frequency(config[CONF_PCLK_FREQUENCY] / 1.0e6))
     cg.add(var.set_lanes(int(config[CONF_LANES])))
-    cg.add(var.set_lane_bit_rate(int(config[CONF_LANE_BIT_RATE] / 1e6)))
+    cg.add(var.set_lane_bit_rate(config[CONF_LANE_BIT_RATE] / 1.0e6))
     if reset_pin := config.get(CONF_RESET_PIN):
         reset = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(reset_pin)
         cg.add(var.set_reset_pin(reset))
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/mipi_dsi.cpp b/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/mipi_dsi.cpp
index 18cafab684..4d45cfb799 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/mipi_dsi.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/mipi_dsi.cpp
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ void MIPI_DSI::dump_config() {
                 "\n  Swap X/Y: %s"
                 "\n  Rotation: %d degrees"
                 "\n  DSI Lanes: %u"
-                "\n  Lane Bit Rate: %uMbps"
+                "\n  Lane Bit Rate: %.0fMbps"
                 "\n  HSync Pulse Width: %u"
                 "\n  HSync Back Porch: %u"
                 "\n  HSync Front Porch: %u"
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ void MIPI_DSI::dump_config() {
                 "\n  Display Pixel Mode: %d bit"
                 "\n  Color Order: %s"
                 "\n  Invert Colors: %s"
-                "\n  Pixel Clock: %dMHz",
+                "\n  Pixel Clock: %.1fMHz",
                 this->model_, this->width_, this->height_, YESNO(this->madctl_ & (MADCTL_XFLIP | MADCTL_MX)),
                 YESNO(this->madctl_ & (MADCTL_YFLIP | MADCTL_MY)), YESNO(this->madctl_ & MADCTL_MV), this->rotation_,
                 this->lanes_, this->lane_bit_rate_, this->hsync_pulse_width_, this->hsync_back_porch_,
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/mipi_dsi.h b/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/mipi_dsi.h
index 1cffe3b178..6e27912aa5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/mipi_dsi.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/mipi_dsi.h
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class MIPI_DSI : public display::Display {
 
   void set_reset_pin(GPIOPin *reset_pin) { this->reset_pin_ = reset_pin; }
   void set_enable_pins(std::vector<GPIOPin *> enable_pins) { this->enable_pins_ = std::move(enable_pins); }
-  void set_pclk_frequency(uint32_t pclk_frequency) { this->pclk_frequency_ = pclk_frequency; }
+  void set_pclk_frequency(float pclk_frequency) { this->pclk_frequency_ = pclk_frequency; }
   int get_width_internal() override { return this->width_; }
   int get_height_internal() override { return this->height_; }
   void set_hsync_back_porch(uint16_t hsync_back_porch) { this->hsync_back_porch_ = hsync_back_porch; }
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class MIPI_DSI : public display::Display {
   void set_vsync_front_porch(uint16_t vsync_front_porch) { this->vsync_front_porch_ = vsync_front_porch; }
   void set_init_sequence(const std::vector<uint8_t> &init_sequence) { this->init_sequence_ = init_sequence; }
   void set_model(const char *model) { this->model_ = model; }
-  void set_lane_bit_rate(uint16_t lane_bit_rate) { this->lane_bit_rate_ = lane_bit_rate; }
+  void set_lane_bit_rate(float lane_bit_rate) { this->lane_bit_rate_ = lane_bit_rate; }
   void set_lanes(uint8_t lanes) { this->lanes_ = lanes; }
   void set_madctl(uint8_t madctl) { this->madctl_ = madctl; }
 
@@ -95,9 +95,9 @@ class MIPI_DSI : public display::Display {
   uint16_t vsync_front_porch_ = 10;
   const char *model_{"Unknown"};
   std::vector<uint8_t> init_sequence_{};
-  uint16_t pclk_frequency_ = 16;  // in MHz
-  uint16_t lane_bit_rate_{1500};  // in Mbps
-  uint8_t lanes_{2};              // 1, 2, 3 or 4 lanes
+  float pclk_frequency_ = 16;  // in MHz
+  float lane_bit_rate_{1500};  // in Mbps
+  uint8_t lanes_{2};           // 1, 2, 3 or 4 lanes
 
   bool invert_colors_{};
   display::ColorOrder color_mode_{display::COLOR_ORDER_BGR};
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/mipi_dsi/fixtures/mipi_dsi.yaml b/tests/component_tests/mipi_dsi/fixtures/mipi_dsi.yaml
index 6de2bd5a77..6f76dcb1d1 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/mipi_dsi/fixtures/mipi_dsi.yaml
+++ b/tests/component_tests/mipi_dsi/fixtures/mipi_dsi.yaml
@@ -22,6 +22,23 @@ display:
     id: p4_86
     model: "WAVESHARE-P4-86-PANEL"
     rotation: 180
+  - platform: mipi_dsi
+    model: custom
+    id: custom_id
+    dimensions:
+      width: 400
+      height: 1280
+    hsync_back_porch: 40
+    hsync_pulse_width: 30
+    hsync_front_porch: 40
+    vsync_back_porch: 20
+    vsync_pulse_width: 10
+    vsync_front_porch: 20
+    pclk_frequency: 48Mhz
+    lane_bit_rate: 1.2Gbps
+    rotation: 180
+    transform: disabled
+    init_sequence:
 i2c:
   sda: GPIO7
   scl: GPIO8
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/mipi_dsi/test_mipi_dsi_config.py b/tests/component_tests/mipi_dsi/test_mipi_dsi_config.py
index d465a8c81b..92f56b5451 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/mipi_dsi/test_mipi_dsi_config.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/mipi_dsi/test_mipi_dsi_config.py
@@ -123,7 +123,8 @@ def test_code_generation(
         in main_cpp
     )
     assert "set_init_sequence({224, 1, 0, 225, 1, 147, 226, 1," in main_cpp
-    assert "p4_nano->set_lane_bit_rate(1500);" in main_cpp
+    assert "p4_nano->set_lane_bit_rate(1500.0f);" in main_cpp
     assert "p4_nano->set_rotation(display::DISPLAY_ROTATION_90_DEGREES);" in main_cpp
     assert "p4_86->set_rotation(display::DISPLAY_ROTATION_0_DEGREES);" in main_cpp
+    assert "custom_id->set_rotation(display::DISPLAY_ROTATION_180_DEGREES);" in main_cpp
     # assert "backlight_id = new light::LightState(mipi_dsi_dsibacklight_id);" in main_cpp

From 6554ad7c7ef933a094b31583bb2dd285831bc8b3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Tue, 24 Feb 2026 12:08:51 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 180/609] [core] Prevent inlining of
 mark_matching_items_removed_locked_ on Thumb-1 (#14256)

---
 esphome/core/scheduler.h | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/scheduler.h b/esphome/core/scheduler.h
index 16b0ded312..ed457b87f6 100644
--- a/esphome/core/scheduler.h
+++ b/esphome/core/scheduler.h
@@ -496,9 +496,9 @@ class Scheduler {
   // name_type determines matching: STATIC_STRING uses static_name, others use hash_or_id
   // Returns the number of items marked for removal
   // IMPORTANT: Must be called with scheduler lock held
-  size_t mark_matching_items_removed_locked_(std::vector<std::unique_ptr<SchedulerItem>> &container,
-                                             Component *component, NameType name_type, const char *static_name,
-                                             uint32_t hash_or_id, SchedulerItem::Type type, bool match_retry) {
+  __attribute__((noinline)) size_t mark_matching_items_removed_locked_(
+      std::vector<std::unique_ptr<SchedulerItem>> &container, Component *component, NameType name_type,
+      const char *static_name, uint32_t hash_or_id, SchedulerItem::Type type, bool match_retry) {
     size_t count = 0;
     for (auto &item : container) {
       // Skip nullptr items (can happen in defer_queue_ when items are being processed)

From fe3c2ba5553f4d07328d1c5b1e927ca0cbea25e1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 24 Feb 2026 14:15:22 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 181/609] [http_request.ota] Percent-encode credentials in URL
 (#14257)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .../http_request/ota/ota_http_request.cpp     | 22 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../http_request/ota/ota_http_request.h       |  4 ++--
 2 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.cpp b/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.cpp
index d77a768211..0db3a50b47 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #include "ota_http_request.h"
 
+#include <cctype>
+
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
@@ -209,6 +211,26 @@ uint8_t OtaHttpRequestComponent::do_ota_() {
   return ota::OTA_RESPONSE_OK;
 }
 
+// URL-encode characters that are not unreserved per RFC 3986 section 2.3.
+// This is needed for embedding userinfo (username/password) in URLs safely.
+static std::string url_encode(const std::string &str) {
+  std::string result;
+  result.reserve(str.size());
+  for (char c : str) {
+    if (std::isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) || c == '-' || c == '_' || c == '.' || c == '~') {
+      result += c;
+    } else {
+      result += '%';
+      result += format_hex_pretty_char((static_cast<uint8_t>(c) >> 4) & 0x0F);
+      result += format_hex_pretty_char(static_cast<uint8_t>(c) & 0x0F);
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+void OtaHttpRequestComponent::set_password(const std::string &password) { this->password_ = url_encode(password); }
+void OtaHttpRequestComponent::set_username(const std::string &username) { this->username_ = url_encode(username); }
+
 std::string OtaHttpRequestComponent::get_url_with_auth_(const std::string &url) {
   if (this->username_.empty() || this->password_.empty()) {
     return url;
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.h b/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.h
index 8735189e99..e3f1a4aa90 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.h
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.h
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ class OtaHttpRequestComponent : public ota::OTAComponent, public Parented<HttpRe
 
   void set_md5_url(const std::string &md5_url);
   void set_md5(const std::string &md5) { this->md5_expected_ = md5; }
-  void set_password(const std::string &password) { this->password_ = password; }
+  void set_password(const std::string &password);
   void set_url(const std::string &url);
-  void set_username(const std::string &username) { this->username_ = username; }
+  void set_username(const std::string &username);
 
   std::string md5_computed() { return this->md5_computed_; }
   std::string md5_expected() { return this->md5_expected_; }

From af00d601be022c0ba3b5d9656c9906c95b4edb64 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Andrew Rankin <andrew@eiknet.com>
Date: Tue, 24 Feb 2026 16:19:13 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 182/609] [esp32_ble_server] add max_clients option for
 multi-client support (#14239)

---
 .../components/esp32_ble_server/__init__.py   | 20 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../esp32_ble_server/ble_server.cpp           | 11 +++++++++-
 .../components/esp32_ble_server/ble_server.h  |  4 ++++
 3 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/__init__.py
index cb494ed1bc..b08e791e7e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/__init__.py
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     __version__ as ESPHOME_VERSION,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
+import esphome.final_validate as fv
 from esphome.schema_extractors import SCHEMA_EXTRACT
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["esp32_ble", "bytebuffer"]
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ CONF_FIRMWARE_VERSION = "firmware_version"
 CONF_INDICATE = "indicate"
 CONF_MANUFACTURER = "manufacturer"
 CONF_MANUFACTURER_DATA = "manufacturer_data"
+CONF_MAX_CLIENTS = "max_clients"
 CONF_ON_WRITE = "on_write"
 CONF_READ = "read"
 CONF_STRING = "string"
@@ -287,6 +289,22 @@ def create_device_information_service(config):
 
 
 def final_validate_config(config):
+    # Validate max_clients does not exceed esp32_ble max_connections
+    max_clients = config[CONF_MAX_CLIENTS]
+    if max_clients > 1:
+        full_config = fv.full_config.get()
+        ble_config = full_config.get("esp32_ble", {})
+        max_connections = ble_config.get(
+            "max_connections", esp32_ble.DEFAULT_MAX_CONNECTIONS
+        )
+        if max_clients > max_connections:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"'max_clients' ({max_clients}) cannot exceed esp32_ble "
+                f"'max_connections' ({max_connections}). "
+                f"Please set 'max_connections: {max_clients}' in the "
+                f"'esp32_ble' component."
+            )
+
     # Check if all characteristics that require notifications have the notify property set
     for char_id in CORE.data.get(DOMAIN, {}).get(KEY_NOTIFY_REQUIRED, set()):
         # Look for the characteristic in the configuration
@@ -428,6 +446,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
         cv.Optional(CONF_MODEL): value_schema("string", templatable=False),
         cv.Optional(CONF_FIRMWARE_VERSION): value_schema("string", templatable=False),
         cv.Optional(CONF_MANUFACTURER_DATA): cv.Schema([cv.uint8_t]),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_MAX_CLIENTS, default=1): cv.int_range(min=1, max=9),
         cv.Optional(CONF_SERVICES, default=[]): cv.ensure_list(SERVICE_SCHEMA),
         cv.Optional(CONF_ON_CONNECT): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
         cv.Optional(CONF_ON_DISCONNECT): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
@@ -552,6 +571,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     esp32_ble.register_ble_status_event_handler(parent, var)
     cg.add(var.set_parent(parent))
     cg.add(parent.advertising_set_appearance(config[CONF_APPEARANCE]))
+    cg.add(var.set_max_clients(config[CONF_MAX_CLIENTS]))
     if CONF_MANUFACTURER_DATA in config:
         cg.add(var.set_manufacturer_data(config[CONF_MANUFACTURER_DATA]))
     for service_config in config[CONF_SERVICES]:
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_server.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_server.cpp
index 2c13a8ac36..f292cf8722 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_server.cpp
@@ -175,6 +175,10 @@ void BLEServer::gatts_event_handler(esp_gatts_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t ga
     case ESP_GATTS_CONNECT_EVT: {
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "BLE Client connected");
       this->add_client_(param->connect.conn_id);
+      // Resume advertising so additional clients can discover and connect
+      if (this->client_count_ < this->max_clients_) {
+        this->parent_->advertising_start();
+      }
       this->dispatch_callbacks_(CallbackType::ON_CONNECT, param->connect.conn_id);
       break;
     }
@@ -241,7 +245,12 @@ void BLEServer::ble_before_disabled_event_handler() {
 
 float BLEServer::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::AFTER_BLUETOOTH + 10; }
 
-void BLEServer::dump_config() { ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "ESP32 BLE Server:"); }
+void BLEServer::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "ESP32 BLE Server:\n"
+                "  Max clients: %u",
+                this->max_clients_);
+}
 
 BLEServer *global_ble_server = nullptr;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_server.h b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_server.h
index 6fa86dd67f..ff7e0044e4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_server.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_server.h
@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@ class BLEServer : public Component, public GATTsEventHandler, public BLEStatusEv
     this->restart_advertising_();
   }
 
+  void set_max_clients(uint8_t max_clients) { this->max_clients_ = max_clients; }
+  uint8_t get_max_clients() const { return this->max_clients_; }
+
   BLEService *create_service(ESPBTUUID uuid, bool advertise = false, uint16_t num_handles = 15);
   void remove_service(ESPBTUUID uuid, uint8_t inst_id = 0);
   BLEService *get_service(ESPBTUUID uuid, uint8_t inst_id = 0);
@@ -95,6 +98,7 @@ class BLEServer : public Component, public GATTsEventHandler, public BLEStatusEv
 
   uint16_t clients_[USE_ESP32_BLE_MAX_CONNECTIONS]{};
   uint8_t client_count_{0};
+  uint8_t max_clients_{1};
   std::vector<ServiceEntry> services_{};
   std::vector<BLEService *> services_to_start_{};
   BLEService *device_information_service_{};

From cca4777f6458c1bf41e2cdd79f91aafe699e9c08 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Tue, 24 Feb 2026 17:51:01 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 183/609] [web_server_idf] Pass std::function by rvalue
 reference (#14262)

---
 esphome/components/web_server_idf/multipart.h      | 4 ++--
 esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.h | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/multipart.h b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/multipart.h
index cb1e0ecd1d..8b94b0491e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/multipart.h
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/multipart.h
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ class MultipartReader {
   ~MultipartReader();
 
   // Set callbacks for handling data
-  void set_data_callback(DataCallback callback) { data_callback_ = std::move(callback); }
-  void set_part_complete_callback(PartCompleteCallback callback) { part_complete_callback_ = std::move(callback); }
+  void set_data_callback(DataCallback &&callback) { data_callback_ = std::move(callback); }
+  void set_part_complete_callback(PartCompleteCallback &&callback) { part_complete_callback_ = std::move(callback); }
 
   // Parse incoming data
   size_t parse(const char *data, size_t len);
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.h b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.h
index 76ddfa35fd..9d81d89ec7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.h
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.h
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ class AsyncWebServer {
   ~AsyncWebServer() { this->end(); }
 
   // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-identifier-naming)
-  void onNotFound(std::function<void(AsyncWebServerRequest *request)> fn) { on_not_found_ = std::move(fn); }
+  void onNotFound(std::function<void(AsyncWebServerRequest *request)> &&fn) { on_not_found_ = std::move(fn); }
 
   void begin();
   void end();
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ class AsyncEventSource : public AsyncWebHandler {
   // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-identifier-naming)
   void handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) override;
   // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-identifier-naming)
-  void onConnect(connect_handler_t cb) { this->on_connect_ = std::move(cb); }
+  void onConnect(connect_handler_t &&cb) { this->on_connect_ = std::move(cb); }
 
   void try_send_nodefer(const char *message, const char *event = nullptr, uint32_t id = 0, uint32_t reconnect = 0);
   void deferrable_send_state(void *source, const char *event_type, message_generator_t *message_generator);

From 4dc6b12ec51d9e8610ca5be0fc77ebf9c3f39da3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Tue, 24 Feb 2026 17:56:43 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 184/609] [api] Pass std::function by rvalue reference in state
 subscriptions (#14261)

---
 esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp  | 20 ++++++++++----------
 esphome/components/api/api_server.h    | 20 ++++++++++----------
 esphome/components/api/user_services.h |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp
index 5b096788f5..0352d7347b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp
@@ -433,8 +433,8 @@ void APIServer::handle_action_response(uint32_t call_id, bool success, StringRef
 
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
 // Helper to add subscription (reduces duplication)
-void APIServer::add_state_subscription_(const char *entity_id, const char *attribute, std::function<void(StringRef)> f,
-                                        bool once) {
+void APIServer::add_state_subscription_(const char *entity_id, const char *attribute,
+                                        std::function<void(StringRef)> &&f, bool once) {
   this->state_subs_.push_back(HomeAssistantStateSubscription{
       .entity_id = entity_id, .attribute = attribute, .callback = std::move(f), .once = once,
       // entity_id_dynamic_storage and attribute_dynamic_storage remain nullptr (no heap allocation)
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ void APIServer::add_state_subscription_(const char *entity_id, const char *attri
 
 // Helper to add subscription with heap-allocated strings (reduces duplication)
 void APIServer::add_state_subscription_(std::string entity_id, optional<std::string> attribute,
-                                        std::function<void(StringRef)> f, bool once) {
+                                        std::function<void(StringRef)> &&f, bool once) {
   HomeAssistantStateSubscription sub;
   // Allocate heap storage for the strings
   sub.entity_id_dynamic_storage = std::make_unique<std::string>(std::move(entity_id));
@@ -463,29 +463,29 @@ void APIServer::add_state_subscription_(std::string entity_id, optional<std::str
 
 // New const char* overload (for internal components - zero allocation)
 void APIServer::subscribe_home_assistant_state(const char *entity_id, const char *attribute,
-                                               std::function<void(StringRef)> f) {
+                                               std::function<void(StringRef)> &&f) {
   this->add_state_subscription_(entity_id, attribute, std::move(f), false);
 }
 
 void APIServer::get_home_assistant_state(const char *entity_id, const char *attribute,
-                                         std::function<void(StringRef)> f) {
+                                         std::function<void(StringRef)> &&f) {
   this->add_state_subscription_(entity_id, attribute, std::move(f), true);
 }
 
 // std::string overload with StringRef callback (zero-allocation callback)
 void APIServer::subscribe_home_assistant_state(std::string entity_id, optional<std::string> attribute,
-                                               std::function<void(StringRef)> f) {
+                                               std::function<void(StringRef)> &&f) {
   this->add_state_subscription_(std::move(entity_id), std::move(attribute), std::move(f), false);
 }
 
 void APIServer::get_home_assistant_state(std::string entity_id, optional<std::string> attribute,
-                                         std::function<void(StringRef)> f) {
+                                         std::function<void(StringRef)> &&f) {
   this->add_state_subscription_(std::move(entity_id), std::move(attribute), std::move(f), true);
 }
 
 // Legacy helper: wraps std::string callback and delegates to StringRef version
 void APIServer::add_state_subscription_(std::string entity_id, optional<std::string> attribute,
-                                        std::function<void(const std::string &)> f, bool once) {
+                                        std::function<void(const std::string &)> &&f, bool once) {
   // Wrap callback to convert StringRef -> std::string, then delegate
   this->add_state_subscription_(std::move(entity_id), std::move(attribute),
                                 std::function<void(StringRef)>([f = std::move(f)](StringRef state) { f(state.str()); }),
@@ -494,12 +494,12 @@ void APIServer::add_state_subscription_(std::string entity_id, optional<std::str
 
 // Legacy std::string overload (for custom_api_device.h - converts StringRef to std::string)
 void APIServer::subscribe_home_assistant_state(std::string entity_id, optional<std::string> attribute,
-                                               std::function<void(const std::string &)> f) {
+                                               std::function<void(const std::string &)> &&f) {
   this->add_state_subscription_(std::move(entity_id), std::move(attribute), std::move(f), false);
 }
 
 void APIServer::get_home_assistant_state(std::string entity_id, optional<std::string> attribute,
-                                         std::function<void(const std::string &)> f) {
+                                         std::function<void(const std::string &)> &&f) {
   this->add_state_subscription_(std::move(entity_id), std::move(attribute), std::move(f), true);
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_server.h b/esphome/components/api/api_server.h
index fed29016b3..3abf68358c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_server.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_server.h
@@ -201,20 +201,20 @@ class APIServer : public Component,
   };
 
   // New const char* overload (for internal components - zero allocation)
-  void subscribe_home_assistant_state(const char *entity_id, const char *attribute, std::function<void(StringRef)> f);
-  void get_home_assistant_state(const char *entity_id, const char *attribute, std::function<void(StringRef)> f);
+  void subscribe_home_assistant_state(const char *entity_id, const char *attribute, std::function<void(StringRef)> &&f);
+  void get_home_assistant_state(const char *entity_id, const char *attribute, std::function<void(StringRef)> &&f);
 
   // std::string overload with StringRef callback (for custom_api_device.h with zero-allocation callback)
   void subscribe_home_assistant_state(std::string entity_id, optional<std::string> attribute,
-                                      std::function<void(StringRef)> f);
+                                      std::function<void(StringRef)> &&f);
   void get_home_assistant_state(std::string entity_id, optional<std::string> attribute,
-                                std::function<void(StringRef)> f);
+                                std::function<void(StringRef)> &&f);
 
   // Legacy std::string overload (for custom_api_device.h - converts StringRef to std::string for callback)
   void subscribe_home_assistant_state(std::string entity_id, optional<std::string> attribute,
-                                      std::function<void(const std::string &)> f);
+                                      std::function<void(const std::string &)> &&f);
   void get_home_assistant_state(std::string entity_id, optional<std::string> attribute,
-                                std::function<void(const std::string &)> f);
+                                std::function<void(const std::string &)> &&f);
 
   const std::vector<HomeAssistantStateSubscription> &get_state_subs() const;
 #endif
@@ -241,13 +241,13 @@ class APIServer : public Component,
 #endif  // USE_API_NOISE
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
   // Helper methods to reduce code duplication
-  void add_state_subscription_(const char *entity_id, const char *attribute, std::function<void(StringRef)> f,
-                               bool once);
-  void add_state_subscription_(std::string entity_id, optional<std::string> attribute, std::function<void(StringRef)> f,
+  void add_state_subscription_(const char *entity_id, const char *attribute, std::function<void(StringRef)> &&f,
                                bool once);
+  void add_state_subscription_(std::string entity_id, optional<std::string> attribute,
+                               std::function<void(StringRef)> &&f, bool once);
   // Legacy helper: wraps std::string callback and delegates to StringRef version
   void add_state_subscription_(std::string entity_id, optional<std::string> attribute,
-                               std::function<void(const std::string &)> f, bool once);
+                               std::function<void(const std::string &)> &&f, bool once);
 #endif  // USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
   // No explicit close() needed — listen sockets have no active connections on
   // failure/shutdown. Destructor handles fd cleanup (close or abort per platform).
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/user_services.h b/esphome/components/api/user_services.h
index 0fc529108c..d1b8a6ef0d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/user_services.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/user_services.h
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class APIRespondAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   void set_is_optional_mode(bool is_optional) { this->is_optional_mode_ = is_optional; }
 
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
-  void set_data(std::function<void(Ts..., JsonObject)> func) {
+  void set_data(std::function<void(Ts..., JsonObject)> &&func) {
     this->json_builder_ = std::move(func);
     this->has_data_ = true;
   }

From 08dc487b5b668f1dbf4ec6573aceca2de0d1fdd8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Tue, 24 Feb 2026 18:08:07 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 185/609] [core] Pass std::function by rvalue reference in
 scheduler (#14260)

---
 esphome/core/scheduler.cpp | 15 ++++++++-------
 esphome/core/scheduler.h   | 18 +++++++++---------
 2 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp b/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
index e4e0751e10..674d70abcf 100644
--- a/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ bool Scheduler::is_retry_cancelled_locked_(Component *component, NameType name_t
 // name_type determines storage type: STATIC_STRING uses static_name, others use hash_or_id
 void HOT Scheduler::set_timer_common_(Component *component, SchedulerItem::Type type, NameType name_type,
                                       const char *static_name, uint32_t hash_or_id, uint32_t delay,
-                                      std::function<void()> func, bool is_retry, bool skip_cancel) {
+                                      std::function<void()> &&func, bool is_retry, bool skip_cancel) {
   if (delay == SCHEDULER_DONT_RUN) {
     // Still need to cancel existing timer if we have a name/id
     if (!skip_cancel) {
@@ -216,17 +216,18 @@ void HOT Scheduler::set_timer_common_(Component *component, SchedulerItem::Type
   target->push_back(std::move(item));
 }
 
-void HOT Scheduler::set_timeout(Component *component, const char *name, uint32_t timeout, std::function<void()> func) {
+void HOT Scheduler::set_timeout(Component *component, const char *name, uint32_t timeout,
+                                std::function<void()> &&func) {
   this->set_timer_common_(component, SchedulerItem::TIMEOUT, NameType::STATIC_STRING, name, 0, timeout,
                           std::move(func));
 }
 
 void HOT Scheduler::set_timeout(Component *component, const std::string &name, uint32_t timeout,
-                                std::function<void()> func) {
+                                std::function<void()> &&func) {
   this->set_timer_common_(component, SchedulerItem::TIMEOUT, NameType::HASHED_STRING, nullptr, fnv1a_hash(name),
                           timeout, std::move(func));
 }
-void HOT Scheduler::set_timeout(Component *component, uint32_t id, uint32_t timeout, std::function<void()> func) {
+void HOT Scheduler::set_timeout(Component *component, uint32_t id, uint32_t timeout, std::function<void()> &&func) {
   this->set_timer_common_(component, SchedulerItem::TIMEOUT, NameType::NUMERIC_ID, nullptr, id, timeout,
                           std::move(func));
 }
@@ -240,17 +241,17 @@ bool HOT Scheduler::cancel_timeout(Component *component, uint32_t id) {
   return this->cancel_item_(component, NameType::NUMERIC_ID, nullptr, id, SchedulerItem::TIMEOUT);
 }
 void HOT Scheduler::set_interval(Component *component, const std::string &name, uint32_t interval,
-                                 std::function<void()> func) {
+                                 std::function<void()> &&func) {
   this->set_timer_common_(component, SchedulerItem::INTERVAL, NameType::HASHED_STRING, nullptr, fnv1a_hash(name),
                           interval, std::move(func));
 }
 
 void HOT Scheduler::set_interval(Component *component, const char *name, uint32_t interval,
-                                 std::function<void()> func) {
+                                 std::function<void()> &&func) {
   this->set_timer_common_(component, SchedulerItem::INTERVAL, NameType::STATIC_STRING, name, 0, interval,
                           std::move(func));
 }
-void HOT Scheduler::set_interval(Component *component, uint32_t id, uint32_t interval, std::function<void()> func) {
+void HOT Scheduler::set_interval(Component *component, uint32_t id, uint32_t interval, std::function<void()> &&func) {
   this->set_timer_common_(component, SchedulerItem::INTERVAL, NameType::NUMERIC_ID, nullptr, id, interval,
                           std::move(func));
 }
diff --git a/esphome/core/scheduler.h b/esphome/core/scheduler.h
index ed457b87f6..b6a8336606 100644
--- a/esphome/core/scheduler.h
+++ b/esphome/core/scheduler.h
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class Scheduler {
   // std::string overload - deprecated, use const char* or uint32_t instead
   // Remove before 2026.7.0
   ESPDEPRECATED("Use const char* or uint32_t overload instead. Removed in 2026.7.0", "2026.1.0")
-  void set_timeout(Component *component, const std::string &name, uint32_t timeout, std::function<void()> func);
+  void set_timeout(Component *component, const std::string &name, uint32_t timeout, std::function<void()> &&func);
 
   /** Set a timeout with a const char* name.
    *
@@ -43,11 +43,11 @@ class Scheduler {
    *   - A static const char* variable
    *   - A pointer with lifetime >= the scheduled task
    */
-  void set_timeout(Component *component, const char *name, uint32_t timeout, std::function<void()> func);
+  void set_timeout(Component *component, const char *name, uint32_t timeout, std::function<void()> &&func);
   /// Set a timeout with a numeric ID (zero heap allocation)
-  void set_timeout(Component *component, uint32_t id, uint32_t timeout, std::function<void()> func);
+  void set_timeout(Component *component, uint32_t id, uint32_t timeout, std::function<void()> &&func);
   /// Set a timeout with an internal scheduler ID (separate namespace from component NUMERIC_ID)
-  void set_timeout(Component *component, InternalSchedulerID id, uint32_t timeout, std::function<void()> func) {
+  void set_timeout(Component *component, InternalSchedulerID id, uint32_t timeout, std::function<void()> &&func) {
     this->set_timer_common_(component, SchedulerItem::TIMEOUT, NameType::NUMERIC_ID_INTERNAL, nullptr,
                             static_cast<uint32_t>(id), timeout, std::move(func));
   }
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class Scheduler {
   }
 
   ESPDEPRECATED("Use const char* or uint32_t overload instead. Removed in 2026.7.0", "2026.1.0")
-  void set_interval(Component *component, const std::string &name, uint32_t interval, std::function<void()> func);
+  void set_interval(Component *component, const std::string &name, uint32_t interval, std::function<void()> &&func);
 
   /** Set an interval with a const char* name.
    *
@@ -72,11 +72,11 @@ class Scheduler {
    *   - A static const char* variable
    *   - A pointer with lifetime >= the scheduled task
    */
-  void set_interval(Component *component, const char *name, uint32_t interval, std::function<void()> func);
+  void set_interval(Component *component, const char *name, uint32_t interval, std::function<void()> &&func);
   /// Set an interval with a numeric ID (zero heap allocation)
-  void set_interval(Component *component, uint32_t id, uint32_t interval, std::function<void()> func);
+  void set_interval(Component *component, uint32_t id, uint32_t interval, std::function<void()> &&func);
   /// Set an interval with an internal scheduler ID (separate namespace from component NUMERIC_ID)
-  void set_interval(Component *component, InternalSchedulerID id, uint32_t interval, std::function<void()> func) {
+  void set_interval(Component *component, InternalSchedulerID id, uint32_t interval, std::function<void()> &&func) {
     this->set_timer_common_(component, SchedulerItem::INTERVAL, NameType::NUMERIC_ID_INTERNAL, nullptr,
                             static_cast<uint32_t>(id), interval, std::move(func));
   }
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ class Scheduler {
   // Common implementation for both timeout and interval
   // name_type determines storage type: STATIC_STRING uses static_name, others use hash_or_id
   void set_timer_common_(Component *component, SchedulerItem::Type type, NameType name_type, const char *static_name,
-                         uint32_t hash_or_id, uint32_t delay, std::function<void()> func, bool is_retry = false,
+                         uint32_t hash_or_id, uint32_t delay, std::function<void()> &&func, bool is_retry = false,
                          bool skip_cancel = false);
 
   // Common implementation for retry - Remove before 2026.8.0

From 2ff876c629a3181e1907fc52594d1257f5165139 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Tue, 24 Feb 2026 18:18:44 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 186/609] [core] Use custom deleter for SchedulerItem
 unique_ptr to prevent destructor inlining (#14258)

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci-lite[bot] <117423508+pre-commit-ci-lite[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/core/scheduler.cpp | 22 ++++++++++-------
 esphome/core/scheduler.h   | 48 ++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------
 2 files changed, 44 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp b/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
index 674d70abcf..d9c66b2000 100644
--- a/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@ static constexpr uint32_t HALF_MAX_UINT32 = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()
 // max delay to start an interval sequence
 static constexpr uint32_t MAX_INTERVAL_DELAY = 5000;
 
+// Prevent inlining of SchedulerItem deletion. On BK7231N (Thumb-1), GCC inlines
+// ~unique_ptr<SchedulerItem> (~30 bytes each) at every destruction site. Defining
+// the deleter in the .cpp file ensures a single copy of the destructor + operator delete.
+void Scheduler::SchedulerItemDeleter::operator()(SchedulerItem *ptr) const noexcept { delete ptr; }
+
 #if defined(ESPHOME_LOG_HAS_VERBOSE) || defined(ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER)
 // Helper struct for formatting scheduler item names consistently in logs
 // Uses a stack buffer to avoid heap allocation
@@ -468,7 +473,7 @@ void HOT Scheduler::call(uint32_t now) {
 
   if (now_64 - last_print > 2000) {
     last_print = now_64;
-    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<SchedulerItem>> old_items;
+    std::vector<SchedulerItemPtr> old_items;
 #ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS
     const auto last_dbg = this->last_millis_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
     const auto major_dbg = this->millis_major_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
@@ -481,7 +486,7 @@ void HOT Scheduler::call(uint32_t now) {
     // Cleanup before debug output
     this->cleanup_();
     while (!this->items_.empty()) {
-      std::unique_ptr<SchedulerItem> item;
+      SchedulerItemPtr item;
       {
         LockGuard guard{this->lock_};
         item = this->pop_raw_locked_();
@@ -642,7 +647,7 @@ size_t HOT Scheduler::cleanup_() {
   }
   return this->items_.size();
 }
-std::unique_ptr<Scheduler::SchedulerItem> HOT Scheduler::pop_raw_locked_() {
+Scheduler::SchedulerItemPtr HOT Scheduler::pop_raw_locked_() {
   std::pop_heap(this->items_.begin(), this->items_.end(), SchedulerItem::cmp);
 
   // Move the item out before popping - this is the item that was at the front of the heap
@@ -865,8 +870,7 @@ uint64_t Scheduler::millis_64_(uint32_t now) {
 #endif
 }
 
-bool HOT Scheduler::SchedulerItem::cmp(const std::unique_ptr<SchedulerItem> &a,
-                                       const std::unique_ptr<SchedulerItem> &b) {
+bool HOT Scheduler::SchedulerItem::cmp(const SchedulerItemPtr &a, const SchedulerItemPtr &b) {
   // High bits are almost always equal (change only on 32-bit rollover ~49 days)
   // Optimize for common case: check low bits first when high bits are equal
   return (a->next_execution_high_ == b->next_execution_high_) ? (a->next_execution_low_ > b->next_execution_low_)
@@ -877,7 +881,7 @@ bool HOT Scheduler::SchedulerItem::cmp(const std::unique_ptr<SchedulerItem> &a,
 // IMPORTANT: Caller must hold the scheduler lock before calling this function.
 // This protects scheduler_item_pool_ from concurrent access by other threads
 // that may be acquiring items from the pool in set_timer_common_().
-void Scheduler::recycle_item_main_loop_(std::unique_ptr<SchedulerItem> item) {
+void Scheduler::recycle_item_main_loop_(SchedulerItemPtr item) {
   if (!item)
     return;
 
@@ -920,8 +924,8 @@ void Scheduler::debug_log_timer_(const SchedulerItem *item, NameType name_type,
 
 // Helper to get or create a scheduler item from the pool
 // IMPORTANT: Caller must hold the scheduler lock before calling this function.
-std::unique_ptr<Scheduler::SchedulerItem> Scheduler::get_item_from_pool_locked_() {
-  std::unique_ptr<SchedulerItem> item;
+Scheduler::SchedulerItemPtr Scheduler::get_item_from_pool_locked_() {
+  SchedulerItemPtr item;
   if (!this->scheduler_item_pool_.empty()) {
     item = std::move(this->scheduler_item_pool_.back());
     this->scheduler_item_pool_.pop_back();
@@ -929,7 +933,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<Scheduler::SchedulerItem> Scheduler::get_item_from_pool_locked_(
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Reused item from pool (pool size now: %zu)", this->scheduler_item_pool_.size());
 #endif
   } else {
-    item = make_unique<SchedulerItem>();
+    item = SchedulerItemPtr(new SchedulerItem());
 #ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Allocated new item (pool empty)");
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/core/scheduler.h b/esphome/core/scheduler.h
index b6a8336606..840ee7159a 100644
--- a/esphome/core/scheduler.h
+++ b/esphome/core/scheduler.h
@@ -142,6 +142,19 @@ class Scheduler {
   };
 
  protected:
+  struct SchedulerItem;
+
+  // Custom deleter for SchedulerItem unique_ptr that prevents the compiler from
+  // inlining the destructor at every destruction site. On BK7231N (Thumb-1), GCC
+  // inlines ~unique_ptr<SchedulerItem> (~30 bytes: null check + ~std::function +
+  // operator delete) at every destruction site, while ESP32/ESP8266/RTL8720CF outline
+  // it into a single helper. This noinline deleter ensures only one copy exists.
+  // operator() is defined in scheduler.cpp to prevent inlining.
+  struct SchedulerItemDeleter {
+    void operator()(SchedulerItem *ptr) const noexcept;
+  };
+  using SchedulerItemPtr = std::unique_ptr<SchedulerItem, SchedulerItemDeleter>;
+
   struct SchedulerItem {
     // Ordered by size to minimize padding
     Component *component;
@@ -233,7 +246,7 @@ class Scheduler {
       name_type_ = type;
     }
 
-    static bool cmp(const std::unique_ptr<SchedulerItem> &a, const std::unique_ptr<SchedulerItem> &b);
+    static bool cmp(const SchedulerItemPtr &a, const SchedulerItemPtr &b);
 
     // Note: We use 48 bits total (32 + 16), stored in a 64-bit value for API compatibility.
     // The upper 16 bits of the 64-bit value are always zero, which is fine since
@@ -276,10 +289,10 @@ class Scheduler {
   size_t cleanup_();
   // Remove and return the front item from the heap
   // IMPORTANT: Caller must hold the scheduler lock before calling this function.
-  std::unique_ptr<SchedulerItem> pop_raw_locked_();
+  SchedulerItemPtr pop_raw_locked_();
   // Get or create a scheduler item from the pool
   // IMPORTANT: Caller must hold the scheduler lock before calling this function.
-  std::unique_ptr<SchedulerItem> get_item_from_pool_locked_();
+  SchedulerItemPtr get_item_from_pool_locked_();
 
  private:
   // Helper to cancel items - must be called with lock held
@@ -303,9 +316,9 @@ class Scheduler {
   // Helper function to check if item matches criteria for cancellation
   // name_type determines matching: STATIC_STRING uses static_name, others use hash_or_id
   // IMPORTANT: Must be called with scheduler lock held
-  inline bool HOT matches_item_locked_(const std::unique_ptr<SchedulerItem> &item, Component *component,
-                                       NameType name_type, const char *static_name, uint32_t hash_or_id,
-                                       SchedulerItem::Type type, bool match_retry, bool skip_removed = true) const {
+  inline bool HOT matches_item_locked_(const SchedulerItemPtr &item, Component *component, NameType name_type,
+                                       const char *static_name, uint32_t hash_or_id, SchedulerItem::Type type,
+                                       bool match_retry, bool skip_removed = true) const {
     // THREAD SAFETY: Check for nullptr first to prevent LoadProhibited crashes. On multi-threaded
     // platforms, items can be moved out of defer_queue_ during processing, leaving nullptr entries.
     // PR #11305 added nullptr checks in callers (mark_matching_items_removed_locked_()), but this check
@@ -340,7 +353,7 @@ class Scheduler {
   // IMPORTANT: Only call from main loop context! Recycling clears the callback,
   // so calling from another thread while the callback is executing causes use-after-free.
   // IMPORTANT: Caller must hold the scheduler lock before calling this function.
-  void recycle_item_main_loop_(std::unique_ptr<SchedulerItem> item);
+  void recycle_item_main_loop_(SchedulerItemPtr item);
 
   // Helper to perform full cleanup when too many items are cancelled
   void full_cleanup_removed_items_();
@@ -396,7 +409,7 @@ class Scheduler {
     // Merge lock acquisitions: instead of separate locks for move-out and recycle (2N+1 total),
     // recycle each item after re-acquiring the lock for the next iteration (N+1 total).
     // The lock is held across: recycle → loop condition → move-out, then released for execution.
-    std::unique_ptr<SchedulerItem> item;
+    SchedulerItemPtr item;
 
     this->lock_.lock();
     while (this->defer_queue_front_ < defer_queue_end) {
@@ -496,9 +509,10 @@ class Scheduler {
   // name_type determines matching: STATIC_STRING uses static_name, others use hash_or_id
   // Returns the number of items marked for removal
   // IMPORTANT: Must be called with scheduler lock held
-  __attribute__((noinline)) size_t mark_matching_items_removed_locked_(
-      std::vector<std::unique_ptr<SchedulerItem>> &container, Component *component, NameType name_type,
-      const char *static_name, uint32_t hash_or_id, SchedulerItem::Type type, bool match_retry) {
+  __attribute__((noinline)) size_t mark_matching_items_removed_locked_(std::vector<SchedulerItemPtr> &container,
+                                                                       Component *component, NameType name_type,
+                                                                       const char *static_name, uint32_t hash_or_id,
+                                                                       SchedulerItem::Type type, bool match_retry) {
     size_t count = 0;
     for (auto &item : container) {
       // Skip nullptr items (can happen in defer_queue_ when items are being processed)
@@ -514,15 +528,15 @@ class Scheduler {
   }
 
   Mutex lock_;
-  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<SchedulerItem>> items_;
-  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<SchedulerItem>> to_add_;
+  std::vector<SchedulerItemPtr> items_;
+  std::vector<SchedulerItemPtr> to_add_;
 #ifndef ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE
   // Single-core platforms don't need the defer queue and save ~32 bytes of RAM
   // Using std::vector instead of std::deque avoids 512-byte chunked allocations
   // Index tracking avoids O(n) erase() calls when draining the queue each loop
-  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<SchedulerItem>> defer_queue_;  // FIFO queue for defer() calls
-  size_t defer_queue_front_{0};  // Index of first valid item in defer_queue_ (tracks consumed items)
-#endif                           /* ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE */
+  std::vector<SchedulerItemPtr> defer_queue_;  // FIFO queue for defer() calls
+  size_t defer_queue_front_{0};                // Index of first valid item in defer_queue_ (tracks consumed items)
+#endif                                         /* ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE */
   uint32_t to_remove_{0};
 
   // Memory pool for recycling SchedulerItem objects to reduce heap churn.
@@ -533,7 +547,7 @@ class Scheduler {
   // - The pool significantly reduces heap fragmentation which is critical because heap allocation/deallocation
   //   can stall the entire system, causing timing issues and dropped events for any components that need
   //   to synchronize between tasks (see https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/52)
-  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<SchedulerItem>> scheduler_item_pool_;
+  std::vector<SchedulerItemPtr> scheduler_item_pool_;
 
 #ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS
   /*

From 3460a8c9225f504fdfdd9166d603fe2c3fb41474 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Tue, 24 Feb 2026 18:44:50 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 187/609] [dlms_meter/kamstrup_kmp] Replace powf with pow10_int
 (#14125)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/dlms_meter/dlms_meter.cpp     | 4 +---
 esphome/components/kamstrup_kmp/kamstrup_kmp.cpp | 6 +++---
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/dlms_meter/dlms_meter.cpp b/esphome/components/dlms_meter/dlms_meter.cpp
index 11d05b3a08..bd2150e8dd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dlms_meter/dlms_meter.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/dlms_meter/dlms_meter.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 #include "dlms_meter.h"
 
-#include <cmath>
-
 #if defined(USE_ESP8266_FRAMEWORK_ARDUINO)
 #include <bearssl/bearssl.h>
 #elif defined(USE_ESP32)
@@ -410,7 +408,7 @@ void DlmsMeterComponent::decode_obis_(uint8_t *plaintext, uint16_t message_lengt
       if (current_position + 1 < message_length) {
         int8_t scaler = static_cast<int8_t>(plaintext[current_position + 1]);
         if (scaler != 0) {
-          value *= powf(10.0f, scaler);
+          value *= pow10_int(scaler);
         }
       }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/kamstrup_kmp/kamstrup_kmp.cpp b/esphome/components/kamstrup_kmp/kamstrup_kmp.cpp
index 534939f9af..00c65a1937 100644
--- a/esphome/components/kamstrup_kmp/kamstrup_kmp.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/kamstrup_kmp/kamstrup_kmp.cpp
@@ -222,11 +222,11 @@ void KamstrupKMPComponent::parse_command_message_(uint16_t command, const uint8_
   }
 
   // Calculate exponent
-  float exponent = msg[6] & 0x3F;
+  int8_t exp_val = msg[6] & 0x3F;
   if (msg[6] & 0x40) {
-    exponent = -exponent;
+    exp_val = -exp_val;
   }
-  exponent = powf(10, exponent);
+  float exponent = pow10_int(exp_val);
   if (msg[6] & 0x80) {
     exponent = -exponent;
   }

From 905e81330ee3af27a82f2f6cf3675497bd6fcc70 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jesse Hills <3060199+jesserockz@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2026 16:28:19 +1300
Subject: [PATCH 188/609] Don't get stuck forever on a failed component
 can_proceed (#14267)

---
 esphome/core/application.cpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/application.cpp b/esphome/core/application.cpp
index 1cb7dc0075..6a7683a987 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/application.cpp
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ void Application::setup() {
       this->after_loop_tasks_();
       this->app_state_ = new_app_state;
       yield();
-    } while (!component->can_proceed());
+    } while (!component->can_proceed() && !component->is_failed());
   }
 
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "setup() finished successfully!");

From 1dac501b049ffea5a1767df5dfbd429d768c0af2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Tue, 24 Feb 2026 21:39:51 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 189/609] [light] Add additional light effect test cases
 (#14266)

---
 tests/components/light/common.yaml | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 26 insertions(+)

diff --git a/tests/components/light/common.yaml b/tests/components/light/common.yaml
index 55525fc67f..e5fab62a79 100644
--- a/tests/components/light/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/light/common.yaml
@@ -71,6 +71,32 @@ esphome:
       - light.control:
           id: test_monochromatic_light
           state: on
+      # Test static effect name resolution at codegen time
+      - light.turn_on:
+          id: test_monochromatic_light
+          effect: Strobe
+      - light.turn_on:
+          id: test_monochromatic_light
+          effect: none
+      # Test resolving a different effect on the same light
+      - light.control:
+          id: test_monochromatic_light
+          effect: My Flicker
+      # Test effect: None (capitalized)
+      - light.control:
+          id: test_monochromatic_light
+          effect: None
+      # Test effect lambda with no args (on_boot has empty Ts...)
+      - light.turn_on:
+          id: test_monochromatic_light
+          effect: !lambda 'return "Strobe";'
+      # Test effect lambda with non-empty args (repeat passes uint32_t iteration)
+      - repeat:
+          count: 3
+          then:
+            - light.turn_on:
+                id: test_monochromatic_light
+                effect: !lambda 'return iteration > 1 ? "Strobe" : "none";'
       - light.dim_relative:
           id: test_monochromatic_light
           relative_brightness: 5%

From 2e705a919fc8a4e9990e4fc5870e4677a05f6e46 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 24 Feb 2026 23:26:00 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 190/609] [pid] Fix deadband threshold conversion for
 Fahrenheit (#14268)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/pid/climate.py | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/pid/climate.py b/esphome/components/pid/climate.py
index 5919d2cac8..5fa3166f9d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pid/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pid/climate.py
@@ -50,8 +50,8 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.Optional(CONF_HEAT_OUTPUT): cv.use_id(output.FloatOutput),
             cv.Optional(CONF_DEADBAND_PARAMETERS): cv.Schema(
                 {
-                    cv.Required(CONF_THRESHOLD_HIGH): cv.temperature,
-                    cv.Required(CONF_THRESHOLD_LOW): cv.temperature,
+                    cv.Required(CONF_THRESHOLD_HIGH): cv.temperature_delta,
+                    cv.Required(CONF_THRESHOLD_LOW): cv.temperature_delta,
                     cv.Optional(CONF_KP_MULTIPLIER, default=0.1): cv.float_,
                     cv.Optional(CONF_KI_MULTIPLIER, default=0.0): cv.float_,
                     cv.Optional(CONF_KD_MULTIPLIER, default=0.0): cv.float_,

From b134c4679ca5f609633a2b97681a41867e62c12d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Tue, 24 Feb 2026 22:33:57 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 191/609] [light] Replace std::lerp with lightweight lerp_fast
 in LightColorValues::lerp (#14238)

---
 .../components/light/light_color_values.cpp   | 31 ++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/light/light_color_values.cpp b/esphome/components/light/light_color_values.cpp
index 2f22bb3c68..e54cc0a12a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/light_color_values.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/light/light_color_values.cpp
@@ -1,27 +1,30 @@
 #include "light_color_values.h"
 
-#include <cmath>
-
 namespace esphome::light {
 
+// Lightweight lerp: a + t * (b - a).
+// Avoids std::lerp's NaN/infinity handling which Clang doesn't optimize out,
+// adding ~200 bytes per call. Safe because all values are finite floats.
+static float __attribute__((noinline)) lerp_fast(float a, float b, float t) { return a + t * (b - a); }
+
 LightColorValues LightColorValues::lerp(const LightColorValues &start, const LightColorValues &end, float completion) {
   // Directly interpolate the raw values to avoid getter/setter overhead.
   // This is safe because:
-  // - All LightColorValues have their values clamped when set via the setters
-  // - std::lerp guarantees output is in the same range as inputs
+  // - All LightColorValues except color_temperature_ have their values clamped when set via the setters
+  // - lerp_fast output stays in range when inputs are in range and 0 <= completion <= 1
   // - Therefore the output doesn't need clamping, so we can skip the setters
   LightColorValues v;
   v.color_mode_ = end.color_mode_;
-  v.state_ = std::lerp(start.state_, end.state_, completion);
-  v.brightness_ = std::lerp(start.brightness_, end.brightness_, completion);
-  v.color_brightness_ = std::lerp(start.color_brightness_, end.color_brightness_, completion);
-  v.red_ = std::lerp(start.red_, end.red_, completion);
-  v.green_ = std::lerp(start.green_, end.green_, completion);
-  v.blue_ = std::lerp(start.blue_, end.blue_, completion);
-  v.white_ = std::lerp(start.white_, end.white_, completion);
-  v.color_temperature_ = std::lerp(start.color_temperature_, end.color_temperature_, completion);
-  v.cold_white_ = std::lerp(start.cold_white_, end.cold_white_, completion);
-  v.warm_white_ = std::lerp(start.warm_white_, end.warm_white_, completion);
+  v.state_ = lerp_fast(start.state_, end.state_, completion);
+  v.brightness_ = lerp_fast(start.brightness_, end.brightness_, completion);
+  v.color_brightness_ = lerp_fast(start.color_brightness_, end.color_brightness_, completion);
+  v.red_ = lerp_fast(start.red_, end.red_, completion);
+  v.green_ = lerp_fast(start.green_, end.green_, completion);
+  v.blue_ = lerp_fast(start.blue_, end.blue_, completion);
+  v.white_ = lerp_fast(start.white_, end.white_, completion);
+  v.color_temperature_ = lerp_fast(start.color_temperature_, end.color_temperature_, completion);
+  v.cold_white_ = lerp_fast(start.cold_white_, end.cold_white_, completion);
+  v.warm_white_ = lerp_fast(start.warm_white_, end.warm_white_, completion);
   return v;
 }
 

From bb05cfb7119102b877ad583d9d9091ff57663a44 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Big Mike <mikelawrence@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2026 06:34:58 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 192/609] [sensirion_common] Move sen5x's
 sensirion_convert_to_string_in_place() function to sensirion_common (#14269)

---
 esphome/components/sen5x/sen5x.cpp                  |  9 ---------
 esphome/components/sensirion_common/i2c_sensirion.h | 11 +++++++++++
 2 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/sen5x/sen5x.cpp b/esphome/components/sen5x/sen5x.cpp
index fc4932d867..09dda8bca4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sen5x/sen5x.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sen5x/sen5x.cpp
@@ -56,15 +56,6 @@ static const LogString *rht_accel_mode_to_string(RhtAccelerationMode mode) {
   }
 }
 
-// This function performs an in-place conversion of the provided buffer
-// from uint16_t values to big endianness
-static inline const char *sensirion_convert_to_string_in_place(uint16_t *array, size_t length) {
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < length; i++) {
-    array[i] = convert_big_endian(array[i]);
-  }
-  return reinterpret_cast<const char *>(array);
-}
-
 void SEN5XComponent::setup() {
   // the sensor needs 1000 ms to enter the idle state
   this->set_timeout(1000, [this]() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/sensirion_common/i2c_sensirion.h b/esphome/components/sensirion_common/i2c_sensirion.h
index f3eb3761f6..3c2c14ccb8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sensirion_common/i2c_sensirion.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sensirion_common/i2c_sensirion.h
@@ -21,6 +21,17 @@ class SensirionI2CDevice : public i2c::I2CDevice {
  public:
   enum CommandLen : uint8_t { ADDR_8_BIT = 1, ADDR_16_BIT = 2 };
 
+  /**
+   * This function performs an in-place conversion of the provided buffer
+   * from uint16_t values to big endianness. Useful for Sensirion strings in SEN5X and SEN6X
+   */
+  static inline const char *sensirion_convert_to_string_in_place(uint16_t *array, size_t length) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+      array[i] = convert_big_endian(array[i]);
+    }
+    return reinterpret_cast<const char *>(array);
+  }
+
   /** Read data words from I2C device.
    * handles CRC check used by Sensirion sensors
    * @param data pointer to raw result

From 228874a52b268070199dc37f4622cca1361e729b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2026 10:45:50 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 193/609] [config] Improve dimensions validation and fix
 online_image resize aspect ratio (#14274)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.cpp | 9 +++++++++
 esphome/config_validation.py                       | 5 ++++-
 2 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.cpp b/esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.cpp
index 603ea76f01..5a4a2ea7d6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #include "image_decoder.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <cstring>
 
 #ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_BMP
@@ -43,6 +44,14 @@ int RuntimeImage::resize(int width, int height) {
   int target_width = this->fixed_width_ ? this->fixed_width_ : width;
   int target_height = this->fixed_height_ ? this->fixed_height_ : height;
 
+  // When both fixed dimensions are set, scale uniformly to preserve aspect ratio
+  if (this->fixed_width_ && this->fixed_height_ && width > 0 && height > 0) {
+    float scale =
+        std::min(static_cast<float>(this->fixed_width_) / width, static_cast<float>(this->fixed_height_) / height);
+    target_width = static_cast<int>(width * scale);
+    target_height = static_cast<int>(height * scale);
+  }
+
   size_t result = this->resize_buffer_(target_width, target_height);
   if (result > 0 && this->progressive_display_) {
     // Update display dimensions for progressive display
diff --git a/esphome/config_validation.py b/esphome/config_validation.py
index ef1c66a20e..3b0e4da298 100644
--- a/esphome/config_validation.py
+++ b/esphome/config_validation.py
@@ -1640,7 +1640,10 @@ def dimensions(value):
         if width <= 0 or height <= 0:
             raise Invalid("Width and height must at least be 1")
         return [width, height]
-    value = string(value)
+    if not isinstance(value, str):
+        raise Invalid(
+            "Dimensions must be a string (WIDTHxHEIGHT). Got a number instead, try quoting the value."
+        )
     match = re.match(r"\s*([0-9]+)\s*[xX]\s*([0-9]+)\s*", value)
     if not match:
         raise Invalid(

From 1beeb9ab5c34b1b28ba3c8dc8e78cc12be511dc2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2026 09:54:32 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 194/609] [web_server] Fix uptime display overflow after ~24.8
 days (#13739)

---
 esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp | 8 +++++++-
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
index 682008c40e..e2f9c21331 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
@@ -385,6 +385,7 @@ json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::get_config_json() {
 #endif
   root[ESPHOME_F("log")] = this->expose_log_;
   root[ESPHOME_F("lang")] = "en";
+  root[ESPHOME_F("uptime")] = static_cast<uint32_t>(App.scheduler.millis_64() / 1000);
 
   return builder.serialize();
 }
@@ -411,7 +412,12 @@ void WebServer::setup() {
 
   // doesn't need defer functionality - if the queue is full, the client JS knows it's alive because it's clearly
   // getting a lot of events
-  this->set_interval(10000, [this]() { this->events_.try_send_nodefer("", "ping", millis(), 30000); });
+  this->set_interval(10000, [this]() {
+    char buf[32];
+    auto uptime = static_cast<uint32_t>(App.scheduler.millis_64() / 1000);
+    buf_append_printf(buf, sizeof(buf), 0, "{\"uptime\":%u}", uptime);
+    this->events_.try_send_nodefer(buf, "ping", millis(), 30000);
+  });
 }
 void WebServer::loop() { this->events_.loop(); }
 

From 78ab63581b48575d04448e49d1ecc298627bce1a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: esphomebot <esphome@openhomefoundation.org>
Date: Thu, 26 Feb 2026 05:09:45 +1300
Subject: [PATCH 195/609] Update webserver local assets to 20260225-155043
 (#14275)

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci-lite[bot] <117423508+pre-commit-ci-lite[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .../components/captive_portal/captive_index.h |    4 +-
 .../components/web_server/server_index_v2.h   | 2286 ++---
 .../components/web_server/server_index_v3.h   | 8037 +++++++++--------
 3 files changed, 5166 insertions(+), 5161 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_index.h b/esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_index.h
index a81edc1900..645ebb7a2f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_index.h
+++ b/esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_index.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 namespace esphome::captive_portal {
 
 #ifdef USE_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_GZIP
-constexpr uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
+const uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
     0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x95, 0x16, 0x6b, 0x8f, 0xdb, 0x36, 0xf2, 0x7b, 0x7e,
     0x05, 0x8f, 0x49, 0xbb, 0x52, 0xb3, 0x7a, 0x7a, 0xed, 0x6c, 0x24, 0x51, 0x45, 0x9a, 0xbb, 0xa2, 0x05, 0x9a, 0x36,
     0xc0, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x1f, 0x82, 0x00, 0x4b, 0x53, 0x23, 0x8b, 0x31, 0x45, 0xea, 0x48, 0xca, 0x8f, 0x18, 0xbe, 0xdf,
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ constexpr uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
     0xfc, 0xda, 0xd1, 0xf8, 0xe9, 0xa3, 0xe1, 0xa6, 0xfb, 0x1f, 0x53, 0x58, 0x46, 0xb2, 0xf9, 0x0a, 0x00, 0x00};
 
 #else  // Brotli (default, smaller)
-constexpr uint8_t INDEX_BR[] PROGMEM = {
+const uint8_t INDEX_BR[] PROGMEM = {
     0x1b, 0xf8, 0x0a, 0x00, 0x64, 0x5a, 0xd3, 0xfa, 0xe7, 0xf3, 0x62, 0xd8, 0x06, 0x1b, 0xe9, 0x6a, 0x8a, 0x81, 0x2b,
     0xb5, 0x49, 0x14, 0x37, 0xdc, 0x9e, 0x1a, 0xcb, 0x56, 0x87, 0xfb, 0xff, 0xf7, 0x73, 0x75, 0x12, 0x0a, 0xd6, 0x48,
     0x84, 0xc6, 0x21, 0xa4, 0x6d, 0xb5, 0x71, 0xef, 0x13, 0xbe, 0x4e, 0x54, 0xf1, 0x64, 0x8f, 0x3f, 0xcc, 0x9a, 0x78,
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v2.h b/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v2.h
index b5dac9ae4c..ffa9c87b3a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v2.h
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v2.h
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 namespace esphome::web_server {
 
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_GZIP
-constexpr uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
+const uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
     0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0xed, 0x7d, 0xd9, 0x72, 0xdb, 0x48, 0xb6, 0xe0, 0xf3,
     0xd4, 0x57, 0x40, 0x28, 0xb5, 0x8c, 0x2c, 0x26, 0xc1, 0x45, 0x92, 0x2d, 0x83, 0x4a, 0xb2, 0x65, 0xd9, 0xd5, 0x76,
     0x97, 0xb7, 0xb6, 0xec, 0xda, 0x58, 0x6c, 0x09, 0x02, 0x92, 0x44, 0x96, 0x41, 0x80, 0x05, 0x24, 0xb5, 0x14, 0x89,
@@ -41,10 +41,10 @@ constexpr uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
     0x90, 0xe0, 0xbe, 0xe3, 0x24, 0x21, 0x7d, 0x18, 0xf1, 0x84, 0x3b, 0xb0, 0x8a, 0xe9, 0xd8, 0x4a, 0x08, 0xb1, 0x73,
     0xd1, 0xd6, 0x1e, 0x24, 0x5e, 0xd2, 0xb0, 0x6d, 0x2c, 0xa1, 0xc4, 0x09, 0x47, 0xf8, 0x23, 0x71, 0x12, 0xec, 0xba,
     0x2e, 0x47, 0xa4, 0xbf, 0xd0, 0x58, 0x49, 0x8c, 0x79, 0x0e, 0x92, 0x61, 0x7b, 0xe4, 0x71, 0x37, 0xa3, 0xe1, 0x3c,
-    0xa0, 0x8e, 0xc3, 0x70, 0x8e, 0x53, 0x44, 0xfa, 0xac, 0xe1, 0x64, 0xa4, 0x0f, 0xcb, 0x9d, 0xd5, 0xd7, 0x9a, 0x90,
-    0x9d, 0x36, 0x52, 0x30, 0x66, 0x1a, 0x40, 0xc0, 0xb0, 0x82, 0x27, 0x23, 0xc4, 0x4e, 0xe6, 0xd3, 0x4b, 0x9a, 0xd9,
+    0xa0, 0x8e, 0xc3, 0x70, 0x8e, 0x33, 0x44, 0xfa, 0xac, 0xe1, 0xa4, 0xa4, 0x0f, 0xcb, 0x9d, 0xd6, 0xd7, 0x9a, 0x90,
+    0x9d, 0x36, 0x52, 0x30, 0xa6, 0x1a, 0x40, 0xc0, 0xb0, 0x82, 0x27, 0x25, 0xc4, 0x4e, 0xe6, 0xd3, 0x4b, 0x9a, 0xd9,
     0x65, 0xb5, 0x5e, 0x8d, 0x2c, 0xe6, 0x39, 0xb5, 0x82, 0x3c, 0xb7, 0xc6, 0xf3, 0x24, 0xe0, 0x2c, 0x4d, 0x2c, 0xbb,
-    0x91, 0x35, 0x6c, 0x49, 0x0e, 0x25, 0x35, 0xd8, 0xa8, 0x40, 0x4e, 0x8e, 0x1a, 0xc9, 0x30, 0x6d, 0x74, 0x46, 0x18,
+    0x91, 0x36, 0x6c, 0x49, 0x0e, 0x25, 0x35, 0xd8, 0xa8, 0x40, 0x4e, 0x8e, 0x1a, 0xc9, 0x30, 0x6b, 0x74, 0x46, 0x18,
     0xa0, 0x44, 0x3d, 0xd5, 0x9f, 0x42, 0x00, 0xc5, 0x09, 0xcc, 0xb1, 0xc0, 0x4f, 0x38, 0xcc, 0x52, 0x4c, 0x31, 0xe7,
     0x83, 0xc4, 0x5d, 0xdf, 0x28, 0x84, 0xbb, 0x53, 0x7f, 0xe6, 0x50, 0xd2, 0xa7, 0x82, 0xb8, 0xfc, 0x24, 0x00, 0x58,
     0x6b, 0xeb, 0x36, 0xa0, 0x1e, 0x75, 0x2b, 0x92, 0x42, 0x1e, 0x77, 0xc7, 0x69, 0xf6, 0xcc, 0x0f, 0x22, 0x68, 0x57,
@@ -85,8 +85,8 @@ constexpr uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
     0x12, 0x0d, 0x1c, 0x44, 0x95, 0xd0, 0x39, 0xec, 0x81, 0xd6, 0x3d, 0x3c, 0xfb, 0xfc, 0xdc, 0x6e, 0x70, 0xac, 0xd0,
     0x30, 0xa1, 0x7a, 0xe8, 0xdb, 0xa7, 0x54, 0x6a, 0x57, 0x42, 0xf7, 0x58, 0xc3, 0x8c, 0xdc, 0x41, 0x6e, 0x48, 0xc7,
     0x2c, 0x31, 0xa6, 0x5d, 0x03, 0x09, 0x73, 0x9c, 0xa3, 0xc2, 0x58, 0xd0, 0x8d, 0x5d, 0x0b, 0xb5, 0x46, 0xae, 0xdc,
-    0x62, 0x22, 0x54, 0x09, 0x63, 0x19, 0x87, 0x74, 0x54, 0x60, 0x81, 0x7a, 0x3d, 0x9b, 0x54, 0x00, 0x3a, 0xe4, 0xa3,
-    0x9e, 0x7a, 0x4f, 0x72, 0x89, 0xb9, 0x8c, 0xfe, 0x32, 0xa7, 0x39, 0x97, 0x74, 0xec, 0x70, 0x9c, 0x62, 0x06, 0xfc,
+    0x62, 0x22, 0x54, 0x09, 0x63, 0x19, 0x87, 0x74, 0x54, 0x60, 0x81, 0x7a, 0x3d, 0x9b, 0x4c, 0x00, 0x3a, 0xe4, 0xa3,
+    0x9e, 0x7a, 0x4f, 0x72, 0x89, 0xb9, 0x8c, 0xfe, 0x32, 0xa7, 0x39, 0x97, 0x74, 0xec, 0x70, 0x9c, 0x61, 0x06, 0xfc,
     0x3a, 0x4d, 0xc6, 0x6c, 0x32, 0xcf, 0x40, 0xe3, 0x81, 0xcd, 0x48, 0x93, 0xf9, 0x94, 0xea, 0xa7, 0x4d, 0xb0, 0xbd,
     0x99, 0x81, 0x4c, 0xcc, 0x81, 0xa6, 0xef, 0x26, 0x27, 0x80, 0x95, 0xa3, 0xe5, 0xf2, 0xaf, 0xba, 0x93, 0x6a, 0x29,
     0x4b, 0x2d, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x4d, 0x28, 0x47, 0x4a, 0x26, 0xef, 0x74, 0x14, 0xf8, 0x7c, 0x44, 0x76, 0xda, 0x25, 0x0d,
@@ -120,15 +120,15 @@ constexpr uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
     0x11, 0x53, 0x33, 0x73, 0x80, 0x0b, 0x7c, 0x92, 0xe2, 0x34, 0x3f, 0x50, 0x74, 0x07, 0x06, 0x47, 0xb1, 0x02, 0x08,
     0x47, 0x8b, 0x22, 0x64, 0xf9, 0x76, 0x0c, 0xfc, 0x21, 0x50, 0x3e, 0x35, 0x46, 0xb8, 0x2f, 0xa0, 0x25, 0x8f, 0x53,
     0x5a, 0x73, 0x09, 0x99, 0xd2, 0x27, 0x34, 0xa3, 0xf9, 0x06, 0x74, 0x17, 0x41, 0xef, 0x6f, 0xe4, 0x2b, 0xd0, 0xca,
-    0x00, 0x8a, 0xbc, 0x67, 0xaa, 0x13, 0x35, 0x0a, 0x50, 0x3c, 0x95, 0x09, 0x91, 0x9b, 0xd6, 0x2c, 0x48, 0xa5, 0xb1,
-    0x4b, 0x23, 0x5c, 0xb1, 0xdc, 0x8c, 0x38, 0x8e, 0x93, 0x83, 0x11, 0xa7, 0x75, 0xfb, 0x6a, 0x12, 0xf9, 0xda, 0x24,
+    0x00, 0x8a, 0xbc, 0x67, 0xaa, 0x13, 0x35, 0x0a, 0x50, 0x3c, 0x95, 0x09, 0x91, 0x9b, 0xd5, 0x2c, 0x48, 0xa5, 0xb1,
+    0x4b, 0x23, 0x5c, 0xb1, 0xdc, 0x94, 0x38, 0x8e, 0x93, 0x83, 0x11, 0xa7, 0x75, 0xfb, 0x6a, 0x12, 0xf9, 0xda, 0x24,
     0x72, 0xd7, 0x30, 0xb4, 0x50, 0x45, 0xcb, 0x46, 0x73, 0x8f, 0x73, 0x64, 0xd6, 0x02, 0x7d, 0xd5, 0x05, 0x06, 0x8d,
-    0x4a, 0x7e, 0x1b, 0x13, 0x8e, 0x33, 0x65, 0xe5, 0x28, 0x52, 0x03, 0x8e, 0x51, 0x35, 0x49, 0x91, 0xdc, 0x1b, 0x35,
-    0x93, 0x37, 0xc5, 0x19, 0x5a, 0x51, 0xee, 0x8b, 0x42, 0x21, 0x89, 0x22, 0xb5, 0x38, 0x35, 0xad, 0xd8, 0x40, 0x0b,
-    0x4e, 0x89, 0xd2, 0x84, 0xa5, 0xe2, 0xb3, 0x8a, 0x9c, 0xb2, 0xdf, 0x1d, 0x42, 0xd2, 0x0a, 0x37, 0x35, 0x95, 0x52,
-    0xeb, 0x56, 0x29, 0xc2, 0x91, 0x56, 0x4a, 0xb3, 0x6a, 0xe2, 0x84, 0xd8, 0xda, 0x27, 0x61, 0x0f, 0x16, 0x35, 0xbb,
-    0xd0, 0x33, 0xaa, 0x15, 0x1e, 0xf0, 0xd4, 0x6c, 0x13, 0xbe, 0x37, 0x11, 0x4d, 0xad, 0x1f, 0x03, 0xe3, 0x59, 0x0d,
-    0xe3, 0x06, 0x6a, 0x53, 0xc9, 0xbb, 0xd2, 0x11, 0x89, 0xea, 0x8d, 0x1d, 0x8a, 0x33, 0xb9, 0x10, 0x6b, 0x58, 0x5c,
+    0x4a, 0x7e, 0x1b, 0x13, 0x8e, 0x53, 0x65, 0xe5, 0x28, 0x52, 0x03, 0x8e, 0x51, 0x35, 0xc9, 0x90, 0xdc, 0x1b, 0x35,
+    0x93, 0x37, 0xc3, 0x29, 0x5a, 0x51, 0xee, 0x8b, 0x42, 0x21, 0x89, 0x22, 0xb5, 0x38, 0x35, 0xad, 0xd8, 0x40, 0x0b,
+    0xce, 0x88, 0xd2, 0x84, 0xa5, 0xe2, 0xb3, 0x8a, 0x9c, 0xb2, 0xdf, 0x1d, 0x42, 0xb2, 0x0a, 0x37, 0x35, 0x95, 0x52,
+    0xeb, 0x56, 0x19, 0xc2, 0x91, 0x56, 0x4a, 0xd3, 0x6a, 0xe2, 0x84, 0xd8, 0xda, 0x27, 0x61, 0x0f, 0x16, 0x35, 0xbb,
+    0xd0, 0x33, 0xaa, 0x15, 0x1e, 0xf0, 0xd4, 0x74, 0x13, 0xbe, 0x37, 0x11, 0x4d, 0xad, 0x1f, 0x03, 0xe3, 0x69, 0x0d,
+    0xe3, 0x06, 0x6a, 0x33, 0xc9, 0xbb, 0xb2, 0x11, 0x89, 0xea, 0x8d, 0x1d, 0x8a, 0x53, 0xb9, 0x10, 0x6b, 0x58, 0x5c,
     0x55, 0x3e, 0x05, 0x11, 0x82, 0x19, 0x9b, 0x83, 0x7a, 0x67, 0x4a, 0x08, 0x07, 0x80, 0x67, 0xcb, 0xe5, 0x1a, 0xd9,
     0x6d, 0xd4, 0x41, 0x91, 0x5b, 0x59, 0x86, 0xcb, 0xe5, 0x33, 0x8e, 0x1c, 0xa5, 0xfd, 0x62, 0x8a, 0x06, 0x9a, 0xe7,
     0x9e, 0xbc, 0x84, 0x5a, 0x42, 0x19, 0xad, 0x4a, 0x4a, 0xb3, 0xa1, 0x4e, 0xb5, 0xf5, 0x85, 0xe2, 0x06, 0xe3, 0x3e,
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ constexpr uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
     0x65, 0x01, 0xf4, 0x56, 0x0c, 0xef, 0xca, 0x64, 0xaf, 0x09, 0xd3, 0x52, 0xfe, 0x4a, 0xb7, 0xa0, 0xa6, 0xcc, 0xdc,
     0x34, 0xf1, 0x95, 0x4f, 0xb5, 0x27, 0xdd, 0x26, 0x3b, 0x9d, 0x5e, 0x69, 0xf7, 0x69, 0x6a, 0xe8, 0x49, 0xf7, 0x86,
     0x12, 0xaa, 0xe9, 0x3c, 0x0e, 0x15, 0xb0, 0x0c, 0x61, 0xaa, 0xe8, 0xe8, 0x9a, 0xc5, 0x71, 0x55, 0xfa, 0x39, 0x9c,
-    0x3d, 0x57, 0x9c, 0x3d, 0xd5, 0x9c, 0x1d, 0x58, 0x05, 0x70, 0x76, 0xd9, 0x5d, 0xd5, 0x3c, 0x5d, 0xdb, 0x9e, 0xa9,
+    0x3d, 0x57, 0x9c, 0x3d, 0xd3, 0x9c, 0x1d, 0x58, 0x05, 0x70, 0x76, 0xd9, 0x5d, 0xd5, 0x3c, 0x5b, 0xdb, 0x9e, 0x99,
     0xe4, 0xe9, 0xb9, 0xb0, 0xa5, 0x61, 0xbc, 0xb9, 0x86, 0x00, 0x95, 0xba, 0xd7, 0x47, 0x47, 0xb9, 0x62, 0xc0, 0x08,
     0x94, 0x9e, 0x4c, 0x6a, 0xba, 0x29, 0x3e, 0x3a, 0x08, 0xe7, 0x05, 0x2d, 0x29, 0xfb, 0xe4, 0x19, 0xf8, 0xea, 0x8c,
     0xe9, 0x80, 0x18, 0x13, 0xc5, 0x9f, 0xa5, 0x46, 0xe9, 0xd9, 0x31, 0x35, 0xbb, 0x5c, 0xcf, 0x0e, 0x78, 0x7d, 0x35,
@@ -181,1135 +181,1137 @@ constexpr uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
     0x19, 0xb3, 0x7a, 0xcb, 0x65, 0xa8, 0x00, 0xa4, 0x6c, 0xdd, 0x1d, 0x03, 0x2b, 0xbe, 0x93, 0xac, 0xf9, 0xac, 0x32,
     0xff, 0xda, 0x46, 0xf5, 0xf8, 0x28, 0x4b, 0xae, 0xfc, 0x98, 0x85, 0x16, 0xa7, 0xd3, 0x59, 0xec, 0x73, 0x6a, 0xa9,
     0xf9, 0x5a, 0x3e, 0x74, 0x64, 0x97, 0x3a, 0xc3, 0xcc, 0xb0, 0x39, 0x67, 0x3a, 0xf0, 0x04, 0x7b, 0xc5, 0x81, 0x28,
-    0x95, 0xd2, 0x3b, 0x9e, 0x56, 0x41, 0xb0, 0xd5, 0x38, 0x5f, 0xb3, 0x03, 0xbe, 0xb0, 0x91, 0x90, 0xcf, 0x39, 0x86,
-    0xa0, 0x25, 0x21, 0xdd, 0x81, 0x7d, 0x9c, 0x5f, 0x4d, 0xfa, 0x36, 0xc4, 0x68, 0x32, 0xf2, 0x41, 0xb8, 0x86, 0xa0,
-    0x42, 0x44, 0xda, 0xbd, 0xe8, 0x98, 0xf6, 0xa2, 0x46, 0x43, 0x6b, 0xd1, 0x3e, 0x49, 0x86, 0x91, 0x6c, 0x1e, 0xe0,
-    0x10, 0xcf, 0x49, 0xb3, 0x83, 0x67, 0xa4, 0x2d, 0x9a, 0xf4, 0x66, 0xc7, 0xbe, 0x1a, 0x66, 0x6f, 0xcf, 0xc9, 0xdc,
-    0xd8, 0xcf, 0xf9, 0x0b, 0xb0, 0xf7, 0xc9, 0x0c, 0x87, 0x24, 0x73, 0xe9, 0x0d, 0x0d, 0x1c, 0x1f, 0xe1, 0x50, 0x71,
-    0x1a, 0xd4, 0x43, 0x33, 0x62, 0x54, 0x03, 0x33, 0x82, 0x7c, 0x18, 0x84, 0xc3, 0xce, 0x88, 0x10, 0x62, 0xef, 0x34,
-    0x9b, 0xf6, 0x20, 0x23, 0x13, 0xee, 0x41, 0x89, 0xa1, 0x2c, 0x93, 0x29, 0x14, 0x75, 0x8d, 0x22, 0xe7, 0x0d, 0x77,
-    0x39, 0xcd, 0xb9, 0x03, 0xc5, 0xe0, 0x01, 0xc8, 0x35, 0x61, 0xdb, 0xc7, 0x2d, 0xbb, 0x01, 0xa5, 0x82, 0x38, 0x11,
-    0xce, 0xc8, 0x35, 0xf2, 0xc2, 0xe1, 0xfe, 0xc8, 0x14, 0x00, 0xa2, 0x10, 0x06, 0xbf, 0x1e, 0x84, 0xc3, 0xb6, 0x18,
-    0xbc, 0x6f, 0x0f, 0x9c, 0x8c, 0xe4, 0x52, 0x43, 0x1b, 0xe4, 0xde, 0x07, 0x31, 0x55, 0xe4, 0x29, 0xe0, 0xd4, 0xb8,
-    0x73, 0xd2, 0xec, 0x7a, 0xce, 0xdc, 0x9c, 0x44, 0x13, 0x06, 0x53, 0x58, 0xc0, 0x01, 0x81, 0xfa, 0x38, 0x23, 0x30,
-    0x62, 0xd5, 0xec, 0xda, 0x53, 0xcf, 0x0f, 0xec, 0x07, 0x83, 0x73, 0xee, 0x8d, 0xb9, 0x1c, 0xfe, 0x9c, 0x2f, 0x97,
-    0xf0, 0xef, 0x98, 0x0f, 0x32, 0x72, 0x2d, 0x8a, 0x26, 0xaa, 0x68, 0x0a, 0x45, 0x1f, 0x3c, 0x00, 0x15, 0xe7, 0xa5,
-    0x96, 0x25, 0xd7, 0x64, 0x4a, 0x04, 0xec, 0x7b, 0x7b, 0xc9, 0x30, 0x6a, 0x74, 0x46, 0xe0, 0xe4, 0xcf, 0x78, 0xfe,
-    0x1d, 0xe3, 0x91, 0x63, 0xb7, 0xfa, 0x36, 0x1a, 0xd8, 0x16, 0x2c, 0x6d, 0x2f, 0x6d, 0x10, 0x89, 0x61, 0xbf, 0xf1,
-    0x8a, 0x7b, 0xf3, 0x3e, 0x69, 0x0f, 0x1c, 0xa6, 0x5c, 0x7a, 0x08, 0xfb, 0x8a, 0x71, 0xb6, 0xf1, 0x1c, 0x35, 0x18,
-    0x6f, 0xe8, 0xe7, 0x39, 0x6a, 0xdc, 0x36, 0xa6, 0xc8, 0xf3, 0x1b, 0xb7, 0x0d, 0x67, 0x4e, 0x08, 0x69, 0x76, 0xcb,
-    0x66, 0x5a, 0xfc, 0x45, 0xc8, 0x9b, 0x6a, 0x7f, 0xe7, 0x50, 0x6c, 0x87, 0xb4, 0xe1, 0x24, 0x43, 0x3a, 0x5a, 0x2e,
-    0xed, 0xe3, 0x41, 0xdf, 0x46, 0x0d, 0x47, 0x13, 0x5a, 0x4b, 0x53, 0x1a, 0x42, 0x98, 0x8d, 0x0a, 0x15, 0x4f, 0x7a,
-    0x52, 0x8b, 0x1d, 0x2d, 0xaa, 0xcd, 0x6e, 0xf0, 0x00, 0x5a, 0x94, 0x86, 0x8c, 0x54, 0x58, 0x67, 0x30, 0x4d, 0x4d,
-    0xcc, 0x29, 0x69, 0xe3, 0x8c, 0x68, 0xf7, 0x75, 0x44, 0x78, 0x45, 0xf0, 0x3e, 0xa9, 0xaa, 0xe3, 0x61, 0x80, 0xc3,
-    0x11, 0x79, 0x2a, 0x0d, 0x92, 0x9e, 0x76, 0x8e, 0xd3, 0x98, 0x3c, 0x59, 0x89, 0xe2, 0x06, 0x10, 0x60, 0xb9, 0x71,
-    0x83, 0x79, 0x96, 0xd1, 0x84, 0xbf, 0x4e, 0x43, 0xa5, 0xa7, 0xd1, 0x18, 0x4c, 0x25, 0x08, 0xcf, 0x62, 0x50, 0xd2,
-    0xba, 0x7a, 0x67, 0xcc, 0xd7, 0x5e, 0xcf, 0xc8, 0x5c, 0xea, 0x4f, 0x22, 0x68, 0xdb, 0x9b, 0x29, 0xcb, 0xd8, 0x41,
-    0x78, 0xae, 0xa2, 0xb9, 0x8e, 0xeb, 0xba, 0x33, 0x37, 0x80, 0xd7, 0x30, 0x40, 0x8e, 0x0a, 0xb1, 0x8f, 0x9c, 0x9c,
-    0xdc, 0xb8, 0x09, 0xbd, 0x11, 0xa3, 0x3a, 0xa8, 0x92, 0xcc, 0x7a, 0x7b, 0x1d, 0x47, 0x3d, 0xc1, 0x6e, 0x72, 0x37,
-    0x49, 0x43, 0x0a, 0xe8, 0x81, 0xf8, 0xbd, 0x2a, 0x8a, 0xfc, 0xdc, 0x0c, 0x52, 0x55, 0xf0, 0x0d, 0x4d, 0xff, 0xf5,
-    0x0c, 0x9c, 0xbe, 0x42, 0xd9, 0x2a, 0x2b, 0x4b, 0x4f, 0x38, 0x42, 0x6c, 0xec, 0xcc, 0x5c, 0x08, 0xee, 0x09, 0x12,
-    0x62, 0x60, 0xcb, 0xcd, 0x4c, 0xa2, 0xba, 0x2d, 0xfb, 0x9c, 0x92, 0x70, 0x98, 0x35, 0x1a, 0xc2, 0x11, 0x3d, 0x97,
-    0x24, 0x31, 0x43, 0x78, 0x5a, 0xee, 0x2d, 0x5d, 0xef, 0x2d, 0xa9, 0x8f, 0xe4, 0x4c, 0xeb, 0x0e, 0xdd, 0x06, 0xe3,
-    0x48, 0xf8, 0x0a, 0xb9, 0x73, 0x8b, 0xf0, 0x98, 0xb4, 0x9c, 0xa1, 0x3b, 0xf8, 0xf3, 0x08, 0x0d, 0x1c, 0xf7, 0x2b,
-    0xd4, 0x92, 0x8c, 0x63, 0x8a, 0x7a, 0xbe, 0x1c, 0x62, 0x21, 0xa2, 0x98, 0x1d, 0x2c, 0x7c, 0x89, 0x5e, 0x8a, 0x13,
-    0x7f, 0x4a, 0xbd, 0x31, 0xec, 0x71, 0x4d, 0x37, 0x6f, 0x31, 0xd0, 0x91, 0x37, 0x56, 0x9c, 0xc4, 0xb5, 0x07, 0xbf,
-    0xf0, 0xf2, 0x69, 0x60, 0x0f, 0xbe, 0xae, 0x9e, 0xfe, 0x6c, 0x0f, 0xbe, 0xe5, 0xde, 0xb7, 0x85, 0x72, 0x77, 0xd7,
-    0x86, 0x78, 0xa8, 0x87, 0x28, 0xe4, 0xc2, 0x18, 0x98, 0x9b, 0xa3, 0x75, 0x47, 0xc7, 0x0c, 0x15, 0x6c, 0x5c, 0xb2,
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+    0x8b, 0xdf, 0x7d, 0x29, 0x4e, 0x85, 0x12, 0x60, 0x75, 0xba, 0xee, 0x61, 0xd4, 0x75, 0x1f, 0x5f, 0x3d, 0x72, 0x8f,
+    0xa2, 0xce, 0xa3, 0xab, 0x26, 0xfc, 0xdb, 0x75, 0x1f, 0xc7, 0xcd, 0xae, 0xfb, 0x18, 0xfe, 0xff, 0xf6, 0xc0, 0x3d,
+    0x8c, 0x9a, 0x1d, 0xf7, 0xe8, 0x6a, 0xdf, 0xdd, 0x7f, 0xd9, 0xe9, 0xba, 0xfb, 0x56, 0xc7, 0x92, 0xed, 0x80, 0x5d,
+    0x4b, 0xee, 0xfc, 0x60, 0x65, 0x43, 0x6c, 0x08, 0xc6, 0xc9, 0x03, 0x77, 0x36, 0x16, 0x67, 0xa4, 0xcd, 0xfd, 0xa9,
+    0x9c, 0x75, 0x4f, 0xfd, 0x0c, 0xbe, 0x6c, 0x5a, 0xdf, 0xbb, 0xb5, 0x77, 0xb8, 0xc6, 0x2f, 0x36, 0x0c, 0x31, 0x13,
+    0x11, 0x70, 0xf3, 0xae, 0x35, 0x2a, 0xee, 0xb0, 0x93, 0xdf, 0x82, 0x52, 0x51, 0xb0, 0x32, 0xbb, 0xc8, 0x20, 0x6b,
+    0x59, 0x03, 0x12, 0x80, 0x04, 0x0d, 0xae, 0xe6, 0x8f, 0x56, 0x74, 0x9e, 0xc1, 0xfd, 0x04, 0x9a, 0x97, 0x30, 0xf1,
+    0x45, 0x3e, 0x01, 0xc3, 0x8b, 0xb0, 0x58, 0x05, 0x0f, 0x8e, 0x05, 0x66, 0xa9, 0x71, 0x1b, 0x1d, 0xad, 0x72, 0x00,
+    0x42, 0x06, 0xf7, 0x07, 0x16, 0x85, 0x9e, 0x59, 0xcd, 0x8b, 0x5b, 0x21, 0x51, 0xb0, 0x13, 0x9a, 0x0f, 0x6c, 0x28,
+    0xb2, 0x3d, 0x5b, 0x78, 0x00, 0xed, 0xf2, 0xe3, 0xaf, 0x25, 0xdd, 0x57, 0x05, 0x58, 0x5c, 0x0e, 0x01, 0x9b, 0x1a,
+    0xd0, 0x67, 0xa3, 0xbd, 0xbd, 0xad, 0xdb, 0x49, 0xe8, 0x97, 0x30, 0xb5, 0xea, 0x9b, 0x91, 0x26, 0xa7, 0xb2, 0xcd,
+    0x75, 0x28, 0xfb, 0x15, 0x18, 0x46, 0x0a, 0x2d, 0x97, 0xd4, 0xe7, 0xae, 0x9f, 0xc8, 0x03, 0x06, 0x06, 0x3f, 0xc3,
+    0x1d, 0xba, 0x8f, 0x8a, 0x94, 0xfb, 0x32, 0x67, 0xcc, 0x64, 0x03, 0x29, 0xf7, 0xf5, 0xdd, 0x4a, 0x3e, 0xaf, 0x9d,
+    0xab, 0x8f, 0xba, 0xfd, 0x37, 0xef, 0x4f, 0x2c, 0xb9, 0x7b, 0x8f, 0x5b, 0x51, 0xb7, 0x7f, 0x2c, 0x5c, 0x2a, 0x32,
+    0x2b, 0x80, 0xc8, 0xac, 0x00, 0x4b, 0x5d, 0x2a, 0x03, 0x81, 0xb6, 0xa2, 0x25, 0xa7, 0x2d, 0x4c, 0x0a, 0xe9, 0x0c,
+    0x9e, 0xce, 0x63, 0xce, 0xe0, 0x9b, 0x47, 0x2d, 0x91, 0x12, 0x20, 0x52, 0x0c, 0xf4, 0x19, 0x55, 0xa5, 0x3c, 0x5e,
+    0xf2, 0x44, 0xbb, 0x8e, 0xc7, 0x2c, 0xa6, 0xfa, 0x54, 0xaa, 0xea, 0xaa, 0xcc, 0x07, 0x5a, 0xaf, 0x9d, 0xcf, 0x2f,
+    0x21, 0x27, 0x42, 0x67, 0x1f, 0x7d, 0x50, 0x0d, 0x8e, 0xc5, 0x50, 0x10, 0xd8, 0x97, 0x52, 0x5c, 0x7f, 0xdd, 0xb5,
+    0xbe, 0xa4, 0x6a, 0xf6, 0x4a, 0x80, 0xc0, 0x4d, 0x1e, 0xd1, 0x7e, 0xbf, 0xf4, 0x26, 0x9b, 0xef, 0x8a, 0xe3, 0x56,
+    0xb4, 0xdf, 0xbf, 0xf0, 0x26, 0xaa, 0xbf, 0x97, 0xe9, 0x64, 0x73, 0x5f, 0x71, 0x3a, 0x19, 0x88, 0x63, 0xf2, 0xf2,
+    0xca, 0x27, 0xad, 0x1b, 0xa7, 0xb1, 0xdd, 0x3f, 0x56, 0xba, 0x82, 0x25, 0xa2, 0xee, 0xf6, 0x61, 0x5b, 0x9f, 0xbc,
+    0x8f, 0xd3, 0x09, 0xec, 0x57, 0xd9, 0xc4, 0x18, 0xa4, 0xe6, 0x90, 0x8f, 0x3a, 0xfd, 0x63, 0xdf, 0x12, 0xac, 0x47,
+    0xf0, 0x96, 0xdc, 0x6b, 0x41, 0xe3, 0x28, 0x9d, 0x52, 0x97, 0xa5, 0xad, 0x6b, 0x7a, 0xd9, 0xf4, 0x67, 0xac, 0xf2,
+    0x7e, 0x83, 0x4e, 0x52, 0x0e, 0x99, 0xae, 0x64, 0x60, 0x75, 0x2b, 0x6f, 0xdc, 0x01, 0x98, 0x44, 0xda, 0x73, 0x27,
+    0x5c, 0x76, 0x06, 0x58, 0x69, 0xff, 0xb8, 0xe5, 0xaf, 0x60, 0x44, 0x6c, 0xc5, 0x42, 0xf9, 0xe1, 0xc1, 0xee, 0xb9,
+    0x14, 0xe9, 0x5f, 0x52, 0x5a, 0x68, 0x7f, 0xbd, 0x92, 0xe3, 0x85, 0xdd, 0xff, 0xd7, 0xff, 0xf1, 0xbf, 0x94, 0x0b,
+    0xfe, 0xb8, 0x15, 0x75, 0x74, 0x5f, 0x2b, 0xab, 0x52, 0x1c, 0xc3, 0x3d, 0x36, 0x55, 0xcc, 0x98, 0xde, 0x34, 0x27,
+    0x19, 0x0b, 0x9b, 0x91, 0x1f, 0x8f, 0xed, 0xfe, 0x76, 0x6c, 0xca, 0xf4, 0xc4, 0xa6, 0x8e, 0xb6, 0xae, 0x17, 0x01,
+    0xbd, 0xfe, 0xa6, 0x4b, 0x19, 0x74, 0xc6, 0x97, 0xd8, 0xda, 0xe6, 0x15, 0x0d, 0xd5, 0xee, 0xab, 0x5d, 0xd3, 0x90,
+    0xa8, 0x4f, 0x46, 0x2b, 0x06, 0x99, 0xd4, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x28, 0x6c, 0xab, 0x8c, 0x79, 0xfd, 0xdf, 0xff, 0xf9, 0x5f,
+    0xfe, 0x9b, 0x7e, 0x84, 0x50, 0xd6, 0xbf, 0xfe, 0xf7, 0xff, 0xfc, 0x7f, 0xfe, 0xf7, 0x7f, 0x85, 0xf4, 0x34, 0x15,
+    0xee, 0x12, 0x4c, 0xc5, 0xaa, 0x62, 0x5d, 0x92, 0xbb, 0x58, 0x70, 0xe8, 0x6d, 0xca, 0x72, 0xce, 0x82, 0xfa, 0x7d,
+    0x0d, 0x67, 0x62, 0x40, 0xb1, 0x33, 0x15, 0x74, 0x62, 0x87, 0x17, 0x15, 0x41, 0xd5, 0x50, 0x2e, 0x08, 0xb7, 0x38,
+    0x6e, 0x01, 0xbe, 0xef, 0x77, 0xdd, 0x8c, 0x5b, 0x2e, 0xc7, 0x42, 0x93, 0x09, 0x94, 0x14, 0x55, 0xb9, 0x05, 0xa1,
+    0x97, 0x05, 0x3c, 0x7a, 0x5d, 0xa3, 0x58, 0xac, 0x5e, 0xad, 0x4d, 0xef, 0xe7, 0x79, 0xce, 0xd9, 0x18, 0x50, 0x2e,
+    0xdd, 0xc8, 0x22, 0xca, 0xdd, 0x04, 0x55, 0x32, 0xbe, 0x2d, 0x44, 0x2f, 0x92, 0x40, 0x0f, 0x8e, 0xfe, 0x54, 0xfc,
+    0x79, 0x0a, 0x0a, 0x9b, 0xe5, 0x4c, 0xfd, 0x1b, 0x65, 0xbd, 0x3f, 0x6c, 0xb7, 0x67, 0x37, 0x68, 0x51, 0x8d, 0x80,
+    0xb7, 0x0d, 0x26, 0xe8, 0xd8, 0xec, 0x50, 0x84, 0xc7, 0x4b, 0x2f, 0x77, 0xdb, 0x02, 0x57, 0xb9, 0xd5, 0x2e, 0x8a,
+    0xaf, 0x16, 0xc2, 0xd1, 0xca, 0x7e, 0x85, 0x30, 0xb6, 0xf2, 0x49, 0x5f, 0xa6, 0xe6, 0xe4, 0x16, 0x46, 0xab, 0xae,
+    0x6c, 0x15, 0x75, 0xd6, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x31, 0xc3, 0xf0, 0x66, 0x00, 0xfd, 0x00, 0x42, 0xe2, 0x51, 0x07, 0x47, 0xdd,
+    0x45, 0xd9, 0x3d, 0xe7, 0xe9, 0xd4, 0x8c, 0xbb, 0x53, 0x9f, 0x06, 0x74, 0xac, 0x7d, 0xf9, 0xea, 0xbd, 0x8c, 0xa9,
+    0x17, 0xd1, 0xfe, 0x86, 0xb1, 0x14, 0x48, 0x22, 0xde, 0x6e, 0xb5, 0x8b, 0x2f, 0x61, 0x07, 0x2e, 0xc6, 0x71, 0xea,
+    0x73, 0x4f, 0x10, 0x6c, 0xcf, 0x8c, 0xde, 0xfb, 0xc0, 0x93, 0xd2, 0x85, 0x01, 0x4f, 0x4f, 0x56, 0x05, 0xaf, 0x7a,
+    0xfd, 0x06, 0xc7, 0xc2, 0x15, 0xcd, 0xcd, 0xae, 0xa4, 0x53, 0xee, 0x3b, 0x15, 0x14, 0x7f, 0x5e, 0xf3, 0x66, 0x29,
+    0x81, 0xd4, 0x45, 0x9b, 0xdf, 0x4b, 0xb1, 0x2f, 0xdf, 0x7e, 0xcf, 0x1d, 0x5b, 0x80, 0x69, 0xaf, 0xd6, 0x12, 0x85,
+    0x50, 0xeb, 0x39, 0xf9, 0xae, 0xb4, 0xa8, 0xfc, 0xd9, 0x4c, 0x54, 0x44, 0xbd, 0xe3, 0x96, 0x54, 0x84, 0x81, 0x7b,
+    0x88, 0x8c, 0x0f, 0x99, 0x60, 0xa1, 0x2a, 0xa9, 0xad, 0x20, 0x7f, 0xa9, 0xd4, 0x0b, 0xf8, 0x94, 0x78, 0xff, 0xff,
+    0x01, 0x65, 0x21, 0x07, 0x4b, 0xe3, 0x97, 0x00, 0x00};
 
 #else  // Brotli (default, smaller)
-constexpr uint8_t INDEX_BR[] PROGMEM = {
-    0x1b, 0xc3, 0x97, 0x11, 0x55, 0xb5, 0x65, 0x2c, 0x8a, 0x8a, 0x55, 0x0b, 0xd0, 0xba, 0x80, 0x1b, 0x32, 0xb0, 0x81,
-    0x4f, 0x27, 0x63, 0xf1, 0x7e, 0x88, 0xe3, 0xd8, 0x52, 0x84, 0x55, 0xe8, 0x35, 0x5b, 0x2b, 0x82, 0xe1, 0xed, 0x1f,
-    0xfd, 0xde, 0x63, 0x38, 0x3a, 0x71, 0x78, 0xb0, 0x42, 0x17, 0x15, 0x54, 0x23, 0xe1, 0xaa, 0x28, 0x11, 0x94, 0x23,
-    0xb4, 0xf4, 0x91, 0x3c, 0xfc, 0xff, 0xab, 0x5a, 0x56, 0x2d, 0x07, 0xcb, 0x09, 0x6f, 0x79, 0x15, 0x1c, 0xd2, 0x87,
-    0x40, 0x38, 0x97, 0xce, 0x9d, 0x87, 0x67, 0xe0, 0xa0, 0x4d, 0x49, 0x1a, 0x27, 0xf0, 0xf5, 0x8d, 0x9d, 0x72, 0x02,
-    0x12, 0x45, 0x49, 0x2b, 0x48, 0xe0, 0x6a, 0xff, 0x5f, 0x6d, 0x55, 0xf1, 0x54, 0x12, 0xc1, 0x2f, 0x1e, 0xc8, 0x83,
-    0x0c, 0x92, 0x0d, 0x75, 0xd8, 0xf5, 0xdd, 0xc7, 0x75, 0x50, 0x6c, 0xa1, 0xb2, 0x85, 0xad, 0x6d, 0x63, 0xd1, 0x96,
-    0x38, 0xaa, 0x65, 0x4d, 0x1e, 0x6c, 0x14, 0x4e, 0x10, 0xed, 0xbe, 0xaf, 0xf3, 0xff, 0xeb, 0xf7, 0xc6, 0x6f, 0xd9,
-    0x77, 0x24, 0x81, 0xbb, 0x26, 0xd0, 0x31, 0x81, 0xae, 0x49, 0x8d, 0x23, 0xb0, 0x5a, 0x62, 0xe5, 0x49, 0x4a, 0x17,
-    0xa7, 0x66, 0xda, 0xb2, 0x6a, 0x9d, 0xf0, 0x4d, 0xa4, 0x1d, 0x59, 0xe6, 0x00, 0x55, 0x58, 0x63, 0xf9, 0x0c, 0xfe,
-    0xa0, 0xbd, 0xa5, 0xfa, 0x75, 0x9f, 0xcb, 0x49, 0x22, 0x0c, 0xe1, 0xd5, 0xb0, 0xd8, 0x13, 0x72, 0xd3, 0x25, 0x4e,
-    0x48, 0x1b, 0xa2, 0x76, 0x4f, 0x5c, 0x42, 0xe2, 0x98, 0x6d, 0x9b, 0x80, 0x3e, 0x69, 0x90, 0xcf, 0x69, 0xa5, 0x2e,
-    0xc0, 0x47, 0x4f, 0x5c, 0xac, 0x83, 0x99, 0xe7, 0xfc, 0xff, 0xdf, 0x96, 0x7e, 0xa5, 0xd5, 0x2d, 0x98, 0x45, 0x4a,
-    0x81, 0x52, 0x20, 0x67, 0x6d, 0x8d, 0xbd, 0xc4, 0x49, 0xb0, 0x41, 0xa8, 0xba, 0xf7, 0xbe, 0x77, 0x47, 0x45, 0x3d,
-    0xea, 0xaa, 0x52, 0xcf, 0x6f, 0xb2, 0x2d, 0xea, 0x11, 0x1f, 0x0b, 0x6d, 0x7e, 0xef, 0x55, 0x75, 0xab, 0xaa, 0x5b,
-    0xf6, 0x74, 0x4b, 0xf6, 0x18, 0xe7, 0x1c, 0x59, 0xf6, 0xfe, 0x01, 0xd2, 0xff, 0x8b, 0xe4, 0xf9, 0xe7, 0x2c, 0x52,
-    0x84, 0x51, 0x02, 0x9c, 0xed, 0xc9, 0x31, 0x0a, 0x01, 0xd3, 0xcd, 0x36, 0xdc, 0x74, 0x55, 0x87, 0x2a, 0x51, 0x4e,
-    0xcf, 0x28, 0xc5, 0x71, 0xec, 0x2d, 0x23, 0x97, 0xcb, 0x55, 0x7d, 0xfd, 0xd6, 0x83, 0x1d, 0xc6, 0x0a, 0x21, 0x9e,
-    0x5d, 0x46, 0xd3, 0xfc, 0xcd, 0xca, 0x21, 0x21, 0x24, 0xce, 0x75, 0x5d, 0x7f, 0xa6, 0x0d, 0xf7, 0x70, 0x16, 0xd1,
-    0xc4, 0x38, 0xe2, 0x00, 0xf9, 0x14, 0x84, 0xa1, 0x23, 0x9d, 0x6e, 0xcc, 0x71, 0xee, 0xa1, 0xc8, 0x1a, 0xc1, 0xb4,
-    0xda, 0x43, 0x30, 0xcf, 0xe1, 0xc0, 0x01, 0x34, 0xb2, 0x3c, 0xb7, 0x7f, 0xf5, 0x81, 0xad, 0xdb, 0xf5, 0x23, 0x32,
-    0xe8, 0xf1, 0x66, 0xa5, 0x04, 0xdc, 0x46, 0x71, 0x3d, 0x0e, 0x94, 0x8d, 0x00, 0x35, 0xab, 0xb1, 0x1b, 0x92, 0xef,
-    0xcd, 0xef, 0x3f, 0x1d, 0x1c, 0x84, 0x98, 0xe9, 0x3f, 0x54, 0xae, 0x9d, 0x84, 0x17, 0xa2, 0x2e, 0x69, 0x5b, 0xc0,
-    0xd5, 0x10, 0x62, 0x1e, 0x06, 0x1e, 0xa2, 0xe0, 0xb5, 0xd7, 0xe2, 0xe9, 0xb4, 0xc6, 0x33, 0x43, 0xc6, 0x96, 0x8b,
-    0x5c, 0x0f, 0xd4, 0x5c, 0x18, 0x1c, 0x0e, 0xba, 0x54, 0x85, 0xf3, 0x4c, 0x2e, 0xa2, 0x4d, 0xd7, 0x9a, 0x23, 0xba,
-    0x9a, 0xf4, 0xba, 0xa4, 0xf4, 0xdc, 0xdf, 0x7c, 0x53, 0x67, 0xdc, 0x17, 0x7a, 0x7e, 0x49, 0x87, 0x3f, 0xe3, 0xbc,
-    0x98, 0x12, 0x88, 0xe8, 0x78, 0x4f, 0x91, 0x72, 0x75, 0x32, 0xc8, 0xd7, 0x95, 0xca, 0xd2, 0xcf, 0x7f, 0x83, 0x7d,
-    0x06, 0x6e, 0x11, 0x1b, 0xc7, 0xf9, 0x71, 0x99, 0x5f, 0x17, 0x63, 0x5e, 0x35, 0xf3, 0xd5, 0xe1, 0x70, 0xd9, 0xbb,
-    0xc1, 0x75, 0x93, 0x66, 0x1f, 0xd6, 0x83, 0xa5, 0xdb, 0x37, 0x7f, 0x59, 0xd3, 0xe6, 0x66, 0x37, 0x45, 0x5b, 0x5b,
-    0x7e, 0xf1, 0xd4, 0xd3, 0x0b, 0xb5, 0x90, 0xaf, 0xeb, 0x69, 0xc2, 0xcd, 0x5c, 0x30, 0xca, 0x16, 0xda, 0x1d, 0xf0,
-    0xb9, 0xea, 0xb2, 0xfc, 0xba, 0x5d, 0x25, 0xf3, 0xe3, 0xe4, 0x1b, 0xf1, 0xdb, 0x25, 0x73, 0x7d, 0x31, 0x43, 0x95,
-    0x9a, 0x88, 0x6a, 0xf8, 0x47, 0x20, 0x2d, 0xb7, 0xd7, 0x78, 0x6f, 0xe2, 0xbb, 0xa1, 0x85, 0x75, 0xa4, 0xae, 0x6a,
-    0x11, 0x25, 0xb7, 0xdf, 0xcd, 0xab, 0xa1, 0x2c, 0x20, 0xff, 0xd6, 0x84, 0xc8, 0x33, 0xee, 0x86, 0x44, 0x55, 0x79,
-    0x98, 0x27, 0x37, 0x80, 0x50, 0xa9, 0x8e, 0x88, 0xb5, 0xcc, 0x13, 0xf0, 0x74, 0x38, 0xc7, 0xd8, 0x86, 0xc0, 0x7b,
-    0x1d, 0x9e, 0xa6, 0x3b, 0xf3, 0xc3, 0xb5, 0x00, 0x77, 0xc3, 0xca, 0x83, 0x98, 0xba, 0x41, 0x85, 0x3c, 0xd9, 0x29,
-    0xc8, 0x79, 0x52, 0x60, 0x25, 0xbb, 0xa6, 0x39, 0xca, 0x76, 0xf2, 0xa6, 0x7d, 0x57, 0xa3, 0xcc, 0xd6, 0xb8, 0xe7,
-    0xcd, 0xdf, 0xf9, 0x24, 0x84, 0x14, 0x7f, 0x63, 0x51, 0x9b, 0x98, 0x4a, 0x48, 0xb8, 0x74, 0x9a, 0x74, 0xbf, 0xf1,
-    0x9d, 0x48, 0x62, 0x9e, 0xe7, 0x8a, 0x92, 0x75, 0xc8, 0x64, 0x1b, 0xbf, 0xde, 0x54, 0x9b, 0xb6, 0x5c, 0x42, 0xc3,
-    0x1a, 0x1e, 0x3f, 0xa7, 0x59, 0xa4, 0x90, 0x50, 0xb2, 0xa7, 0x25, 0x61, 0x65, 0x41, 0xde, 0x83, 0x2f, 0x53, 0x38,
-    0x7c, 0xb9, 0xd3, 0xe7, 0x0b, 0x42, 0x59, 0xb8, 0xa9, 0xc0, 0xc4, 0x7b, 0x1b, 0x2b, 0xcd, 0xd7, 0x51, 0x43, 0x30,
-    0x93, 0x3f, 0x13, 0xd6, 0x31, 0xfe, 0x55, 0x33, 0xb5, 0x25, 0x44, 0x09, 0x3e, 0xfc, 0x5c, 0x85, 0xac, 0x1b, 0xc1,
-    0xd4, 0xb4, 0x54, 0xf2, 0x05, 0x97, 0x72, 0x0e, 0x24, 0x80, 0x50, 0x03, 0x26, 0x7f, 0xce, 0x9a, 0xbe, 0x9f, 0xf1,
-    0xf2, 0x7e, 0xc4, 0x9b, 0x26, 0x24, 0x96, 0x37, 0x92, 0x0d, 0x75, 0xff, 0x64, 0xa0, 0xec, 0x38, 0xa6, 0x7a, 0xc8,
-    0x7c, 0x1f, 0x76, 0x7b, 0x1a, 0x19, 0x21, 0xc8, 0x7d, 0x33, 0x42, 0xc3, 0x6c, 0x5e, 0xf0, 0x0b, 0x41, 0xaf, 0x8c,
-    0x34, 0xa9, 0x8a, 0x2a, 0xbc, 0xff, 0xf5, 0x0b, 0x21, 0x7a, 0x1c, 0xea, 0xd1, 0xff, 0x4e, 0xe9, 0x2e, 0xd5, 0x12,
-    0xc3, 0x7a, 0x28, 0xbc, 0x54, 0xe7, 0x95, 0xaa, 0xcd, 0x05, 0x02, 0x30, 0xe4, 0x56, 0x22, 0xfb, 0x9b, 0x91, 0x04,
-    0xec, 0x30, 0x53, 0xfe, 0x75, 0x2d, 0xc2, 0x32, 0xc1, 0xe5, 0xcf, 0x59, 0x65, 0xaf, 0xe2, 0x93, 0x94, 0x3e, 0x9a,
-    0x23, 0xaa, 0x2c, 0x61, 0x7c, 0x59, 0x10, 0xa4, 0x3c, 0x9b, 0x17, 0x9b, 0xc6, 0x8d, 0xdc, 0x51, 0x7b, 0x10, 0xaf,
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-    0x34, 0xbe, 0xc2, 0xe8, 0xb1, 0x09, 0xdd, 0x06, 0x66, 0x24, 0xe0, 0x9e, 0x67, 0xd2, 0x95, 0x8e, 0x3f, 0x16, 0xf0,
-    0x66, 0xe6, 0x77, 0xa0, 0x09, 0x77, 0x57, 0xd2, 0x68, 0x4b, 0x92, 0x1c, 0xf9, 0x6d, 0xc1, 0x44, 0xb1, 0x75, 0xeb,
-    0x26, 0xbc, 0x16, 0xf8, 0xff, 0xf8, 0x41, 0x00, 0xf2, 0x6e, 0x51, 0xb3, 0xa4, 0x76, 0x9a, 0xe6, 0x2b, 0x4d, 0x29,
-    0xbb, 0xb0, 0x72, 0x93, 0x5d, 0xce, 0xfc, 0xff, 0x30, 0x82, 0x9b, 0x1c, 0x3e, 0x89, 0x1e, 0xda, 0x57, 0x80, 0xa4,
-    0x07, 0x44, 0x17, 0x0f, 0x5a, 0x38, 0x7e, 0x23, 0xca, 0x1c, 0x2c, 0x6c, 0x0b, 0x96, 0x05, 0x83, 0x28, 0x7b, 0x04,
-    0xf3, 0x0b, 0x1d, 0x98, 0xfc, 0x4d, 0xef, 0x28, 0xe7, 0x10, 0xe9, 0xd5, 0x77, 0x25, 0xa7, 0xae, 0x9d, 0x5e, 0xfa,
-    0xbf, 0x69, 0x02, 0x4c, 0xe6, 0xb6, 0xbe, 0x4e, 0x2d, 0x5f, 0xf8, 0x3c, 0x6b, 0x2f, 0x8a, 0x71, 0xfc, 0xed, 0x8a,
-    0x8e, 0x77, 0xc6, 0xac, 0x77, 0x14, 0x35, 0xad, 0xae, 0x7d, 0x75, 0xd3, 0x82, 0x6e, 0x9c, 0x10, 0x3c, 0xc6, 0x87,
-    0x58, 0x7e, 0xde, 0x7c, 0x93, 0x50, 0xc7, 0xdf, 0xc6, 0x1e, 0x6f, 0x9b, 0x29, 0x3c, 0xb1, 0x03, 0x7e, 0x47, 0xf7,
-    0x96, 0x8e, 0x57, 0x57, 0x4c, 0x7c, 0x08, 0x4e, 0x45, 0x80, 0xd7, 0x93, 0x24, 0xbe, 0x29, 0x89, 0x83, 0x0d, 0xa7,
-    0xd6, 0xb6, 0xc2, 0x7d, 0x59, 0xbb, 0x43, 0x16, 0x4e, 0xe3, 0x9b, 0xa8, 0x1b, 0x1e, 0x71, 0xc6, 0x49, 0xdc, 0xea,
-    0xa9, 0xef, 0xb6, 0x41, 0x8c, 0xc0, 0xe1, 0x0a, 0x30, 0x3e, 0x11, 0x3e, 0xc4, 0x6c, 0x6a, 0x00, 0xa7, 0x22, 0xb0,
-    0xea, 0x87, 0x03, 0x4c, 0xd9, 0xfd, 0x94, 0x0f, 0xe9, 0x88, 0xc0, 0xcc, 0xf4, 0x10, 0xe5, 0xfd, 0xe7, 0xf0, 0x48,
-    0xde, 0x9f, 0x4f, 0x86, 0xe1, 0x50, 0xc8, 0xb5, 0xd9, 0xb0, 0x07, 0x56, 0xbe, 0xe0, 0x06, 0xe7, 0x6b, 0xb6, 0xed,
-    0xda, 0x84, 0xdc, 0xfc, 0x23, 0x9e, 0x61, 0x97, 0x98, 0xde, 0xdc, 0x3b, 0x5d, 0x47, 0x3d, 0xdf, 0x2b, 0x17, 0x52,
-    0xc3, 0x3e, 0xd1, 0xe2, 0xd1, 0xf3, 0x6c, 0xa4, 0x75, 0xc7, 0xc9, 0x5b, 0xfd, 0x4b, 0x72, 0x24, 0x04, 0xc5, 0x4f,
-    0xb2, 0xf6, 0x3e, 0x91, 0x6d, 0xdf, 0x05, 0xcf, 0xad, 0xf6, 0x3a, 0x42, 0x77, 0xfa, 0xd3, 0x23, 0x6c, 0x4a, 0xe7,
-    0xe7, 0x0e, 0xa0, 0x3a, 0x92, 0xf3, 0xd9, 0xe5, 0x1e, 0x06, 0xe5, 0x70, 0xc5, 0x33, 0x70, 0xb7, 0x62, 0xe6, 0x21,
-    0xd2, 0x35, 0x5a, 0x7f, 0xf7, 0x82, 0x37, 0x5c, 0x33, 0x59, 0x1b, 0x91, 0xdc, 0x16, 0xf2, 0x30, 0xc7, 0x08, 0x65,
-    0xbe, 0xa0, 0xfc, 0x70, 0xd1, 0x66, 0x72, 0x96, 0x84, 0x2f, 0x24, 0x0a, 0xfc, 0x49, 0x95, 0x67, 0xae, 0x1c, 0x2f,
-    0x57, 0x6c, 0x60, 0x2e, 0xe8, 0x8b, 0x51, 0x40, 0x22, 0x73, 0xb7, 0xfc, 0x32, 0xcf, 0x90, 0xfc, 0x35, 0x72, 0x6d,
-    0x07, 0x58, 0xbe, 0xce, 0x53, 0x06, 0x37, 0x2e, 0x5a, 0x0b, 0x1d, 0x5f, 0x4a, 0x26, 0x41, 0x91, 0x42, 0xa8, 0xb4,
-    0x48, 0x68, 0xd4, 0x2a, 0x15, 0x30, 0x6e, 0xa1, 0xa1, 0xdf, 0x6b, 0xd5, 0xe7, 0x4f, 0xd8, 0xf9, 0x63, 0x94, 0xff,
-    0x51, 0x5c, 0x04, 0xc8, 0x91, 0xb7, 0xa8, 0x1b, 0xf0, 0x4c, 0x91, 0xd4, 0x66, 0x8e, 0x4b, 0x24, 0x1c, 0x83, 0x64,
-    0x61, 0xb7, 0x61, 0xef, 0x7f, 0xc7, 0xd7, 0x54, 0x90, 0x30, 0x88, 0xf0, 0xeb, 0x2c, 0x83, 0x6e, 0xe0, 0x22, 0x98,
-    0x6a, 0x84, 0x07, 0x1c, 0x45, 0xdd, 0x35, 0xab, 0x80, 0x13, 0x28, 0x41, 0xc9, 0x22, 0x89, 0x1f, 0x77, 0xa0, 0xff,
-    0x5f, 0x8a, 0x51, 0x7d, 0xd6, 0xd7, 0xb7, 0x15, 0xd4, 0x43, 0x87, 0x02, 0x15, 0x19, 0x37, 0xc0, 0x66, 0x8f, 0x8f,
-    0x45, 0x0e, 0xd8, 0x30, 0xf9, 0xaf, 0xb0, 0xb0, 0x52, 0xd9, 0x72, 0x3a, 0xfc, 0xcb, 0x35, 0x8b, 0x83, 0x3d, 0x3c,
-    0x4c, 0xe3, 0x30, 0x3e, 0xa5, 0x25, 0x7d, 0x5e, 0xe8, 0xa4, 0x51, 0xd1, 0xf9, 0x71, 0x9e, 0xf5, 0x7d, 0x57, 0xf2,
-    0xf8, 0x35, 0x5e, 0x9f, 0xd9, 0x53, 0x74, 0x9d, 0x1f, 0x7e, 0xf4, 0xa3, 0xb1, 0x65, 0xfc, 0x37, 0x7a, 0x61, 0x4f,
-    0x17, 0x94, 0x96, 0x81, 0xf7, 0xe9, 0xd1, 0x62, 0x25, 0xfb, 0x82, 0x1c, 0x7d, 0x8c, 0x8e, 0xf6, 0x78, 0x4e, 0xf9,
-    0x79, 0x16, 0xe7, 0xfd, 0xed, 0x6b, 0xbc, 0x38, 0xf3, 0xac, 0x5c, 0xeb, 0xcd, 0xa7, 0xde, 0x06, 0xec, 0x2d, 0x70,
-    0x3f, 0x89, 0xdd, 0x40, 0x84, 0x93, 0x60, 0x0c, 0xd3, 0xbd, 0x69, 0x44, 0x03, 0xec, 0x77, 0xed, 0xf9, 0xc0, 0x03,
-    0xfd, 0xcf, 0xe6, 0xf5, 0xe0, 0xdc, 0x6e, 0x54, 0x53, 0x0a, 0x70, 0xc1, 0x64, 0x45, 0x31, 0x46, 0x82, 0x48, 0x23,
-    0xbd, 0x1d, 0x1d, 0xb9, 0xa8, 0x2b, 0x9c, 0x26, 0xba, 0xe4, 0x69, 0xe2, 0x26, 0x65, 0x6b, 0x99, 0x00, 0x50, 0x96,
-    0x64, 0xec, 0xd0, 0xf3, 0x7a, 0x80, 0xf4, 0x0e, 0x72, 0x42, 0x2c, 0xc7, 0x25, 0x90, 0x2d, 0x19, 0x7c, 0xfb, 0x0f,
-    0xab, 0x40, 0x5e, 0x6f, 0xe8, 0xb0, 0x09, 0x69, 0xf6, 0x38, 0x3d, 0x7d, 0x71, 0x00, 0xae, 0x44, 0xa6, 0x67, 0x9a,
-    0x06, 0x17, 0x7d, 0x8e, 0x3e, 0x34, 0xc2, 0x5a, 0x60, 0x2a, 0xea, 0xb4, 0xe5, 0xad, 0x52, 0x71, 0xf3, 0xe0, 0x78,
-    0x0a, 0x07, 0x43, 0x33, 0x30, 0x22, 0x7f, 0xfa, 0x0f, 0x1b, 0xc6, 0x72, 0x24, 0xad, 0x6c, 0x98, 0xbf, 0xec, 0x72,
-    0x2b, 0x37, 0x4b, 0x12, 0x9a, 0x86, 0x5e, 0x3d, 0x88, 0x15, 0xde, 0xa9, 0xff, 0xe7, 0x41, 0x69, 0x83, 0x38, 0x87,
-    0x64, 0x01, 0x51, 0x3c, 0x47, 0x38, 0xc5, 0xa0, 0xc5, 0x6c, 0x90, 0xc3, 0x94, 0x81, 0xc0, 0x2b, 0xab, 0x37, 0x81,
-    0x1b, 0x71, 0xb9, 0xec, 0xe9, 0xd4, 0x6b, 0xae, 0x9d, 0xd4, 0x26, 0xb2, 0x08, 0x57, 0xf8, 0xcd, 0x07, 0x80, 0xae,
-    0x36, 0xd4, 0x51, 0x08, 0xe4, 0x08, 0x9b, 0xe7, 0x8a, 0x14, 0xdd, 0x78, 0x7c, 0x1b, 0xf6, 0x2d, 0x47, 0x88, 0xcd,
-    0x8f, 0xb9, 0x6b, 0x8d, 0x06, 0x8d, 0x4c, 0x32, 0x6c, 0x5c, 0x0a, 0x76, 0x92, 0xa0, 0x87, 0x1a, 0xc7, 0x38, 0x94,
-    0x15, 0x7a, 0x1e, 0x19, 0xe3, 0x88, 0xaf, 0x7c, 0xc9, 0x9a, 0x93, 0x68, 0x91, 0x8a, 0x81, 0xfd, 0x1c, 0xbe, 0xce,
-    0x0b, 0x41, 0x2e, 0x8e, 0xb8, 0xe9, 0xa9, 0x21, 0xa7, 0x3e, 0x19, 0x14, 0xa8, 0x88, 0x5b, 0xaf, 0x2d, 0x68, 0x98,
-    0x47, 0x01, 0x71, 0x6e, 0x16, 0x38, 0xc2, 0x29, 0x2c, 0x6a, 0xff, 0xe0, 0xe8, 0xbc, 0x75, 0xb4, 0x40, 0x90, 0xda,
-    0x09, 0x67, 0x38, 0x99, 0xd1, 0x11, 0x32, 0xc3, 0xe5, 0xf1, 0x71, 0x53, 0xd3, 0x5a, 0x53, 0xa7, 0x95, 0x22, 0xc9,
-    0x0c, 0x69, 0x26, 0xb0, 0xc4, 0x0f, 0xdb, 0xde, 0x5c, 0xa4, 0x62, 0x45, 0xe0, 0x2d, 0x66, 0xfc, 0x5c, 0xd8, 0x81,
-    0xe2, 0xd5, 0x84, 0x0e, 0x6c, 0xaa, 0xfc, 0xdc, 0xe6, 0xa6, 0x27, 0xfc, 0xc2, 0x61, 0xfa, 0x75, 0x26, 0xfa, 0x59,
-    0x98, 0xa3, 0xd5, 0x41, 0x2f, 0x5c, 0x21, 0xe3, 0xc4, 0x33, 0x64, 0xd9, 0x94, 0x43, 0xf7, 0x1a, 0x25, 0x8a, 0xa4,
-    0x01, 0x39, 0xda, 0x43, 0x4e, 0x2e, 0xf3, 0xa4, 0xd5, 0x34, 0x2a, 0xbb, 0x24, 0xe1, 0x2d, 0x7e, 0xe4, 0x31, 0xa1,
-    0x44, 0xf9, 0x3c, 0xcd, 0x33, 0x92, 0xac, 0x71, 0xb7, 0xa3, 0xe0, 0x1a, 0xbd, 0xb5, 0xba, 0xac, 0xd5, 0xb0, 0x9f,
-    0xc8, 0xbf, 0x52, 0x47, 0x6f, 0x52, 0x3c, 0x18, 0x04, 0x19, 0x86, 0xab, 0x96, 0xdd, 0x43, 0x8b, 0x1e, 0xfb, 0xa2,
-    0xfa, 0x77, 0x83, 0x60, 0xe2, 0x49, 0x21, 0x84, 0x96, 0x91, 0x03, 0xfd, 0x37, 0x55, 0xaa, 0x25, 0x12, 0xde, 0x3b,
-    0x9f, 0xb3, 0x77, 0x13, 0xa4, 0x04, 0xb3, 0x4d, 0x95, 0x7b, 0x20, 0x5c, 0x87, 0x80, 0xd7, 0x0d, 0x77, 0xa8, 0x77,
-    0x91, 0x5b, 0x11, 0x74, 0x29, 0x05, 0x88, 0x88, 0x00, 0x8c, 0x5e, 0x0c, 0x34, 0x1c, 0xa6, 0x19, 0xac, 0x44, 0x82,
-    0x7f, 0x95, 0x85, 0x21, 0xb5, 0xec, 0x28, 0x07, 0xc0, 0x66, 0xb3, 0x11, 0x8c, 0xbe, 0x60, 0x05, 0x7c, 0x36, 0x89,
-    0xff, 0xc6, 0xa9, 0x6a, 0xa6, 0x75, 0x23, 0xe5, 0xdd, 0xb8, 0xb1, 0x76, 0x81, 0x18, 0xa6, 0xa5, 0x75, 0x3b, 0x21,
-    0x09, 0x28, 0x0d, 0x0b, 0x9f, 0x3c, 0xbf, 0x3d, 0x46, 0xd7, 0xdf, 0x1f, 0x3e, 0x30, 0x49, 0x14, 0x19, 0x55, 0x32,
-    0x30, 0x4d, 0x84, 0x8c, 0x6f, 0x11, 0x3a, 0x1e, 0x8e, 0xa6, 0x45, 0x7e, 0xea, 0x75, 0x6c, 0x37, 0x50, 0x8f, 0x2f,
-    0xbf, 0xb6, 0xdc, 0x39, 0xd1, 0xda, 0xe9, 0xb8, 0x3f, 0x04, 0x9a, 0x9c, 0x88, 0xaa, 0xb2, 0x18, 0x25, 0xfb, 0x87,
-    0x81, 0x6d, 0x24, 0x39, 0xf5, 0x54, 0x18, 0x77, 0x6f, 0x73, 0x4f, 0x87, 0x89, 0x8b, 0x23, 0xff, 0xcb, 0x1f, 0xc1,
-    0xb5, 0x52, 0xbc, 0xf2, 0x1d, 0xd8, 0x72, 0x09, 0x57, 0x0e, 0x56, 0x0d, 0x02, 0xa2, 0x94, 0x00, 0x72, 0x1d, 0x1f,
-    0x1d, 0xe3, 0x24, 0x79, 0xd7, 0x33, 0xd6, 0xd4, 0x6c, 0x49, 0x69, 0xe6, 0x63, 0x5f, 0x53, 0x69, 0x1e, 0xe7, 0x9a,
-    0x60, 0x96, 0x64, 0xd9, 0x49, 0x56, 0x80, 0xd7, 0x74, 0x0d, 0xf3, 0x55, 0x85, 0x40, 0x30, 0xdf, 0x55, 0x99, 0x8b,
-    0x53, 0x85, 0xb8, 0x1d, 0x09, 0x6d, 0xaa, 0x45, 0x78, 0xe1, 0xc0, 0x38, 0x9c, 0x5f, 0x33, 0x2d, 0x06, 0x06, 0x20,
-    0x57, 0x52, 0x6f, 0x84, 0xf3, 0xf4, 0x20, 0x6f, 0x43, 0xf1, 0xa4, 0xc0, 0x56, 0xac, 0x78, 0xf0, 0xad, 0x97, 0x46,
-    0xb3, 0xca, 0x68, 0x97, 0x5b, 0x71, 0xa6, 0xf3, 0xa4, 0xcf, 0x4e, 0x9b, 0xd2, 0xad, 0x87, 0x80, 0x0a, 0xe5, 0xf9,
-    0x19, 0xcf, 0xc7, 0x2b, 0xc4, 0x39, 0xe6, 0xac, 0x09, 0xd5, 0x73, 0x61, 0xfd, 0x3a, 0x3d, 0x64, 0xff, 0x7a, 0xbc,
-    0xb5, 0xce, 0x54, 0xdc, 0x3c, 0x53, 0xc8, 0x54, 0xfc, 0x15, 0xf7, 0x5e, 0x3c, 0x30, 0x5c, 0x93, 0xc7, 0x90, 0x67,
-    0x2a, 0x27, 0x7c, 0x69, 0xa0, 0xe9, 0x20, 0xaa, 0xd3, 0xad, 0x10, 0x57, 0x5d, 0x18, 0xa2, 0x70, 0xf7, 0x29, 0x2f,
-    0x48, 0xeb, 0xb0, 0xf7, 0x54, 0xa3, 0xc3, 0xa0, 0xa6, 0x40, 0x9d, 0x16, 0x83, 0x95, 0xb4, 0x5c, 0x50, 0x0e, 0x05,
-    0x33, 0xd5, 0x06, 0x1e, 0xd8, 0x9a, 0xff, 0x7f, 0x40, 0x21, 0x7a, 0xdc, 0xf6, 0xaf, 0xfc, 0x05, 0x73, 0xc2, 0x8c,
-    0x25, 0x33, 0x3c, 0xbc, 0xda, 0x19, 0x7f, 0x0a, 0xba, 0xb1, 0x6a, 0xa3, 0x8c, 0x55, 0x39, 0x51, 0x06, 0xf7, 0x93,
-    0xa5, 0x98, 0x3a, 0x85, 0x0b, 0x31, 0x95, 0x97, 0x7d, 0xa4, 0x92, 0x52, 0x1c, 0x79, 0x51, 0x01, 0xc0, 0xbc, 0x0b,
-    0x34, 0x65, 0xca, 0x93, 0x20, 0x09, 0x5c, 0x54, 0x01, 0xd1, 0x8c, 0x97, 0x73, 0x7a, 0xe3, 0x2b, 0x8e, 0x7b, 0xc4,
-    0x49, 0x74, 0xe6, 0x10, 0xd4, 0xf5, 0xf9, 0x29, 0x23, 0x62, 0x41, 0xd8, 0x57, 0x8c, 0x43, 0xd9, 0x4e, 0x58, 0x5f,
-    0xac, 0xd7, 0x77, 0xde, 0x24, 0x8a, 0xa4, 0x2b, 0xb3, 0x7c, 0xe4, 0xfb, 0x0c, 0x99, 0xad, 0x92, 0x8d, 0x38, 0x86,
-    0x32, 0xce, 0x19, 0x8f, 0x62, 0x03, 0x81, 0xb3, 0xa5, 0x2f, 0xb5, 0x90, 0xe3, 0xb2, 0x34, 0x94, 0xc7, 0xc0, 0xb9,
-    0x2b, 0xdb, 0x9b, 0xd7, 0xf1, 0x31, 0xe7, 0xfd, 0xb7, 0xeb, 0x4d, 0xad, 0xa8, 0x3f, 0x63, 0xd5, 0x86, 0x7d, 0x81,
-    0xa2, 0x79, 0x30, 0xeb, 0x74, 0x8e, 0xf2, 0x88, 0x27, 0x9c, 0x3c, 0x8b, 0x3a, 0xd6, 0xae, 0x8f, 0x92, 0x17, 0x67,
-    0xaf, 0xa3, 0xe2, 0x34, 0x88, 0x7e, 0x59, 0xcd, 0x52, 0x07, 0xd7, 0x77, 0xc8, 0x5e, 0xe6, 0x72, 0xed, 0x44, 0xa9,
-    0x86, 0x06, 0xce, 0x9f, 0xe4, 0xab, 0xd8, 0x3e, 0xe1, 0x2c, 0x67, 0xa2, 0xca, 0x7e, 0x9d, 0x07, 0xa9, 0x30, 0xe7,
-    0xf8, 0xe3, 0xd2, 0x86, 0xe8, 0x2b, 0x22, 0x24, 0xe6, 0xac, 0xfb, 0xce, 0xa6, 0x2c, 0x71, 0xe9, 0xc3, 0x08, 0xa1,
-    0x9f, 0x18, 0xa1, 0x19, 0x47, 0x3d, 0x6f, 0xfe, 0xb7, 0x91, 0xef, 0xb3, 0x9e, 0x53, 0x74, 0xc7, 0x7b, 0xb2, 0x1a,
-    0x2a, 0xdb, 0xe9, 0x67, 0xee, 0xd4, 0x9e, 0x82, 0x53, 0x7b, 0x82, 0x4a, 0x90, 0xc0, 0xcf, 0x0b, 0xcf, 0xf1, 0xa4,
-    0xd9, 0x54, 0x17, 0x4f, 0xdb, 0x5f, 0x8d, 0xcf, 0x2f, 0x95, 0x8d, 0xaf, 0x38, 0xbb, 0x52, 0x68, 0x67, 0x78, 0x4b,
-    0x67, 0xae, 0x0c};
+const uint8_t INDEX_BR[] PROGMEM = {
+    0x1b, 0xe2, 0x97, 0xa3, 0x90, 0xa2, 0x95, 0x55, 0x51, 0x04, 0x1b, 0x07, 0x80, 0x20, 0x79, 0x0e, 0x50, 0xab, 0x02,
+    0xdb, 0x98, 0x16, 0xf4, 0x7b, 0x22, 0xa3, 0x4d, 0xd3, 0x86, 0xc1, 0x26, 0x48, 0x49, 0x60, 0xbe, 0xb3, 0xc9, 0xa1,
+    0x8c, 0x96, 0x10, 0x1b, 0x21, 0xcf, 0x48, 0x68, 0xce, 0x10, 0x34, 0x32, 0x7c, 0xbf, 0x71, 0x7b, 0x03, 0x8f, 0xdd,
+    0x37, 0x06, 0x9a, 0x30, 0x50, 0xe4, 0x08, 0x47, 0x68, 0xec, 0x93, 0xdc, 0x7d, 0x53, 0xf5, 0x4f, 0xd7, 0x8a, 0xcf,
+    0x2f, 0x85, 0x3a, 0x6c, 0xa9, 0x63, 0xcb, 0xf5, 0xc8, 0x18, 0xe3, 0xf5, 0xdb, 0x0c, 0x05, 0x9b, 0x48, 0x2c, 0x42,
+    0x21, 0xa0, 0x2c, 0x25, 0xf7, 0xcb, 0xb7, 0xaa, 0x65, 0xd5, 0x7f, 0x3e, 0x2f, 0x94, 0x2b, 0x53, 0xa7, 0x0f, 0x4e,
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+    0x8b, 0xdc, 0x64, 0xab, 0x1e, 0x38, 0x4d, 0x7e, 0x74, 0x45, 0x3f, 0x8b, 0x62, 0xdc, 0x83, 0x41, 0x9e, 0xb3, 0x46,
+    0x1c, 0x27, 0x5e, 0xa1, 0xc8, 0xa6, 0x12, 0xba, 0xdb, 0x75, 0xa6, 0x88, 0xeb, 0x90, 0xa3, 0x19, 0x72, 0x72, 0x38,
+    0x4e, 0x5a, 0xcd, 0xa3, 0xb2, 0x49, 0x12, 0x9e, 0xe2, 0x47, 0xee, 0x13, 0x8a, 0x5d, 0x9f, 0x85, 0x32, 0x23, 0xce,
+    0x19, 0x67, 0xdb, 0x0b, 0xae, 0xd1, 0x5b, 0x73, 0x90, 0x8e, 0x1d, 0xf6, 0xfc, 0x89, 0x22, 0x4c, 0x21, 0x65, 0xa7,
+    0x26, 0x6d, 0xd2, 0x55, 0x97, 0x71, 0x9f, 0x0e, 0x75, 0x1c, 0x52, 0x3d, 0x3b, 0x1c, 0xea, 0xa5, 0x2d, 0x4f, 0x1c,
+    0xe2, 0xca, 0x87, 0xfe, 0x38, 0xf2, 0xeb, 0xc2, 0x7a, 0x51, 0xc8, 0xf8, 0xa4, 0xd0, 0x49, 0x4b, 0x95, 0x78, 0x00,
+    0xb7, 0x95, 0x4d, 0x6f, 0xcb, 0xd4, 0xda, 0xd0, 0x71, 0xe9, 0x6f, 0x02, 0xa4, 0x90, 0xc5, 0xa9, 0x5c, 0x0a, 0xe5,
+    0x9a, 0xf1, 0xe2, 0xb0, 0xe2, 0xf6, 0xd5, 0x7d, 0xda, 0x57, 0x14, 0x1d, 0x20, 0x10, 0x11, 0x5a, 0x01, 0xc2, 0x17,
+    0x26, 0x70, 0x75, 0x95, 0xa5, 0xb0, 0x8e, 0x09, 0xc1, 0x53, 0xf8, 0x46, 0x6a, 0xa5, 0x55, 0x46, 0xc4, 0x05, 0xdb,
+    0x8d, 0x50, 0xf6, 0x00, 0x1a, 0x10, 0xc3, 0x49, 0xfc, 0x2f, 0x4f, 0x55, 0xcb, 0xb4, 0x5b, 0xc9, 0xa5, 0x91, 0x76,
+    0xa3, 0x2d, 0xde, 0x98, 0x56, 0x14, 0x14, 0x13, 0x92, 0xbe, 0xd2, 0xa0, 0xd5, 0xb1, 0xf5, 0x9b, 0xbd, 0x5e, 0xbc,
+    0x3a, 0xbe, 0xe3, 0xe4, 0x60, 0x94, 0x63, 0xc9, 0x20, 0x53, 0x11, 0xca, 0xc5, 0x45, 0xd8, 0x7a, 0xd8, 0xd9, 0x16,
+    0xda, 0x69, 0xd0, 0x71, 0xb7, 0x82, 0x1a, 0x84, 0xf9, 0xd0, 0x73, 0xa7, 0xdb, 0x3e, 0x5d, 0x19, 0xb7, 0x8b, 0x78,
+    0x95, 0xe3, 0x54, 0x55, 0x09, 0xa4, 0x64, 0xf3, 0x31, 0x48, 0x95, 0x24, 0x47, 0xa6, 0x0a, 0xeb, 0x1e, 0x6c, 0xef,
+    0x98, 0x30, 0x09, 0x79, 0xe4, 0x7d, 0xf8, 0x27, 0x84, 0x5a, 0x8a, 0x7e, 0xdb, 0xf6, 0x6d, 0xc9, 0xe1, 0x95, 0xa3,
+    0x55, 0x83, 0x80, 0xd8, 0x88, 0x00, 0x35, 0x8f, 0x8f, 0xf6, 0x26, 0x6e, 0xbd, 0xa3, 0x72, 0x37, 0x35, 0x7e, 0xcf,
+    0x56, 0x76, 0x1e, 0xf9, 0x1d, 0xaf, 0xec, 0xe3, 0x42, 0x15, 0xec, 0x92, 0x12, 0x3d, 0xc9, 0xfa, 0xf1, 0xca, 0xa6,
+    0x35, 0xfb, 0x79, 0x7d, 0x41, 0xc8, 0xe6, 0x55, 0xf6, 0xc8, 0xab, 0x42, 0xbd, 0x18, 0x09, 0x63, 0xaa, 0x43, 0x78,
+    0xe3, 0xc8, 0xd8, 0x9f, 0x17, 0x32, 0x8d, 0x81, 0x05, 0x28, 0xb4, 0xd4, 0xbb, 0x11, 0x4f, 0x8f, 0x65, 0x56, 0xa4,
+    0x75, 0x27, 0x5c, 0xc5, 0x7a, 0x09, 0x3f, 0xba, 0x0d, 0x58, 0x58, 0x29, 0xdd, 0x22, 0x97, 0x77, 0x75, 0x91, 0xf5,
+    0xd9, 0x6b, 0x13, 0x43, 0xef, 0x92, 0x42, 0x85, 0xb2, 0x63, 0xca, 0x8a, 0xf9, 0x0a, 0x69, 0x8e, 0x05, 0x6f, 0x42,
+    0xfd, 0xbc, 0x2d, 0x7f, 0x87, 0x2a, 0x16, 0x7f, 0x5d, 0xd1, 0x5b, 0xa7, 0x6a, 0xb6, 0xcf, 0x14, 0x33, 0x65, 0x3b,
+    0x17, 0xee, 0x8b, 0xfb, 0x8d, 0x6f, 0x88, 0xa7, 0x62, 0xd5, 0x77, 0x45, 0x71, 0xe4, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x20, 0xaa, 0x93,
+    0xb5, 0x10, 0x77, 0x5d, 0x19, 0x92, 0x70, 0xe7, 0x09, 0x33, 0x48, 0xe7, 0xb0, 0x71, 0x55, 0x23, 0xd3, 0xa0, 0xe6,
+    0x40, 0x9d, 0x54, 0x83, 0x15, 0xb4, 0x42, 0x52, 0xf6, 0x14, 0x33, 0x51, 0x07, 0xee, 0xf7, 0x9a, 0xfd, 0x3f, 0xa0,
+    0x12, 0x7d, 0xdd, 0xf5, 0x57, 0x7d, 0x0b, 0xe7, 0x82, 0x05, 0x4b, 0x2a, 0xfb, 0x72, 0x5b, 0x6f, 0xfc, 0x29, 0x6c,
+    0xea, 0xd4, 0xad, 0xbb, 0x5d, 0xea, 0x72, 0x9a, 0x0d, 0xce, 0x3b, 0x47, 0x31, 0x77, 0x0a, 0x1f, 0x62, 0x2e, 0x2f,
+    0xd9, 0x44, 0x25, 0x57, 0x71, 0xe2, 0x45, 0x0d, 0x00, 0xf3, 0x0e, 0x90, 0x9c, 0x29, 0x61, 0x94, 0xf8, 0x73, 0x52,
+    0x01, 0xd5, 0x94, 0xae, 0xb3, 0xb3, 0xee, 0x17, 0x7b, 0xfe, 0x8a, 0xbc, 0xbe, 0x72, 0x0c, 0xea, 0xe6, 0xbc, 0x20,
+    0xa7, 0x98, 0x5f, 0x34, 0x25, 0x63, 0x4f, 0xb7, 0xad, 0xaa, 0x93, 0xb5, 0xcb, 0x8b, 0xda, 0x44, 0x89, 0x74, 0xc9,
+    0x0d, 0x2f, 0xf5, 0xb6, 0xbc, 0x66, 0xcb, 0x93, 0x75, 0x7a, 0x2a, 0xd6, 0xd8, 0xbe, 0x08, 0x63, 0x7d, 0x18, 0x5d,
+    0xe9, 0x49, 0x07, 0x39, 0x2d, 0x4b, 0x4b, 0xb9, 0x8b, 0x9c, 0x5b, 0xba, 0x5d, 0x3a, 0xcc, 0x8f, 0x19, 0x6b, 0x6f,
+    0x8d, 0x8d, 0xad, 0xe5, 0xe6, 0xbf, 0xae, 0x6c, 0xc3, 0x54, 0xa1, 0x68, 0x01, 0x4c, 0xcf, 0x26, 0x87, 0xf5, 0x01,
+    0x35, 0x53, 0x6f, 0x51, 0xbb, 0xe2, 0xf5, 0x4e, 0xf4, 0xbc, 0xfb, 0x0e, 0x6a, 0x86, 0x5a, 0x8f, 0x92, 0x68, 0xa9,
+    0x7d, 0xef, 0x5b, 0x4a, 0x5b, 0xe6, 0xb1, 0xf2, 0xa2, 0xd4, 0x43, 0xfd, 0xea, 0x8f, 0xd3, 0xda, 0xb8, 0x27, 0xbc,
+    0x65, 0xa3, 0xae, 0xe2, 0x63, 0x9f, 0xe7, 0xc2, 0xcc, 0x2c, 0x3e, 0x97, 0xd6, 0x83, 0x5f, 0x4e, 0xbb, 0x99, 0x39,
+    0x3d, 0xbe, 0xa7, 0x83, 0xc4, 0x5c, 0x7a, 0x2f, 0x43, 0xa0, 0x68, 0x85, 0x66, 0x1d, 0x35, 0xcc, 0x79, 0x9f, 0x3a,
+    0xc6, 0xcf, 0x7b, 0x4c, 0xc9, 0x1d, 0x3f, 0xe3, 0xf5, 0xd0, 0xa6, 0x9f, 0x3e, 0x66, 0xce, 0x87, 0x89, 0xf0, 0x6a,
+    0x57, 0xa3, 0x13, 0x56, 0xe0, 0xeb, 0xa5, 0xc7, 0xc9, 0xa7, 0xbd, 0xaa, 0x5a, 0x5a, 0xdf, 0x7f, 0x6b, 0x62, 0x80,
+    0xa9, 0x52, 0x7e, 0x45, 0xfb, 0xb9, 0xc6, 0x62, 0x86, 0x97, 0x74, 0xd9, 0xcb, 0x00};
 
 // Backwards compatibility alias
 #define INDEX_GZ INDEX_BR
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v3.h b/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v3.h
index 1f61b19fb5..b7c15df32b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v3.h
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v3.h
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 namespace esphome::web_server {
 
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_GZIP
-constexpr uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
+const uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
     0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0xcc, 0xbd, 0x7b, 0x7f, 0x1a, 0xb9, 0xb2, 0x28, 0xfa,
     0xf7, 0x3d, 0x9f, 0xc2, 0xee, 0x9d, 0xf1, 0xb4, 0x8c, 0x68, 0x03, 0x36, 0x8e, 0xd3, 0x58, 0xe6, 0xe4, 0x39, 0xc9,
     0x3c, 0x92, 0x4c, 0x9c, 0x64, 0x26, 0xc3, 0xb0, 0x33, 0xa2, 0x11, 0xa0, 0xa4, 0x91, 0x98, 0x96, 0x88, 0xed, 0x01,
@@ -3634,58 +3634,58 @@ constexpr uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
     0x36, 0x16, 0x43, 0x14, 0xa2, 0x85, 0xb1, 0x9f, 0x44, 0x7a, 0x6a, 0xf7, 0x8b, 0xa8, 0x63, 0x84, 0xe7, 0x2e, 0x8e,
     0x40, 0xbb, 0x60, 0xb2, 0xd8, 0xed, 0x3a, 0x06, 0xb0, 0x93, 0x12, 0x46, 0xf3, 0x4c, 0x91, 0xc8, 0x45, 0x3d, 0x95,
     0x78, 0xf0, 0xa9, 0x53, 0x8d, 0x99, 0x83, 0xf0, 0x54, 0x31, 0xd4, 0xc0, 0xc7, 0x7a, 0xaf, 0x4d, 0xc8, 0x99, 0xff,
-    0xaf, 0xbd, 0x67, 0x5b, 0x6e, 0xdb, 0x48, 0xf6, 0x3d, 0x5f, 0x01, 0xc1, 0x5e, 0x1b, 0xb0, 0x01, 0x08, 0x20, 0x75,
-    0xa1, 0x49, 0x81, 0x4a, 0x6c, 0xcb, 0x49, 0x76, 0x95, 0x38, 0x65, 0x2b, 0xde, 0x8b, 0x56, 0x25, 0x82, 0xe4, 0x90,
-    0xc4, 0x1a, 0x04, 0x58, 0x00, 0x28, 0x4a, 0xa1, 0xb1, 0xdf, 0xb2, 0x9f, 0x70, 0xbe, 0x61, 0xbf, 0xec, 0x54, 0x77,
-    0xcf, 0x00, 0x83, 0x0b, 0x29, 0x2a, 0x76, 0xb2, 0x7b, 0xaa, 0x4e, 0x25, 0xb6, 0x89, 0xc1, 0xcc, 0xa0, 0xe7, 0xd6,
-    0xdd, 0xd3, 0xd7, 0x32, 0xa5, 0xb4, 0x2b, 0xf8, 0x57, 0x58, 0x21, 0x57, 0x4a, 0x69, 0xcb, 0x81, 0x98, 0xd3, 0xed,
-    0xe3, 0xaa, 0x81, 0x55, 0xa1, 0xb8, 0x27, 0x83, 0x99, 0x60, 0x65, 0xd7, 0x89, 0x79, 0x98, 0x75, 0x69, 0xc3, 0x1b,
-    0x81, 0x0b, 0xa6, 0x87, 0x1b, 0x6a, 0x8d, 0xbb, 0x5e, 0x29, 0x14, 0x66, 0x5c, 0x9e, 0xd4, 0x13, 0xaf, 0xfc, 0x0c,
-    0x5b, 0xba, 0x52, 0x05, 0x7c, 0x63, 0x2a, 0x95, 0x40, 0x0a, 0x16, 0x9c, 0xd2, 0xe7, 0xad, 0x34, 0x3a, 0x8f, 0x56,
-    0x42, 0x70, 0x7c, 0xe2, 0x35, 0x14, 0xe2, 0x39, 0xe9, 0x8e, 0x4e, 0x02, 0xfa, 0xe1, 0x64, 0x1b, 0x28, 0x40, 0x56,
-    0x4c, 0x70, 0xce, 0xb6, 0x0e, 0xe8, 0x32, 0x75, 0xfd, 0x78, 0x2d, 0xb6, 0x5c, 0x36, 0xf0, 0xf3, 0xb4, 0xb0, 0x25,
-    0x96, 0x23, 0xe3, 0x53, 0x2f, 0x47, 0x21, 0x6d, 0xa8, 0xc6, 0xf7, 0x87, 0xeb, 0x37, 0xf2, 0x2d, 0x16, 0x3d, 0x32,
-    0xa2, 0xe9, 0xcd, 0x55, 0xd8, 0x2d, 0x1b, 0x69, 0x4d, 0x80, 0x91, 0xe0, 0x49, 0x0c, 0x01, 0x03, 0x33, 0x23, 0xea,
-    0xff, 0x36, 0xae, 0xa2, 0x7e, 0xb4, 0xbf, 0xcb, 0x91, 0xff, 0x4f, 0x6f, 0xdf, 0x5f, 0x80, 0x5e, 0xcb, 0x43, 0x45,
-    0xf4, 0x5a, 0xe5, 0x36, 0x2c, 0x26, 0x68, 0x8a, 0xd4, 0xae, 0xea, 0x2d, 0x80, 0x3a, 0xe3, 0x8d, 0x61, 0xff, 0xd6,
-    0x5c, 0xad, 0x56, 0x26, 0x58, 0xb4, 0x9a, 0xcb, 0x38, 0x20, 0xee, 0x70, 0xac, 0x66, 0x02, 0xa9, 0xb3, 0x0a, 0x52,
-    0x87, 0x70, 0xb8, 0x3c, 0x9f, 0xca, 0xfb, 0x59, 0xb4, 0xfa, 0x26, 0x08, 0x64, 0xb1, 0x8d, 0x60, 0xe2, 0xb8, 0x24,
-    0xa3, 0x84, 0x0c, 0x34, 0xd0, 0x3e, 0x59, 0x7e, 0x72, 0xcd, 0xed, 0x05, 0xc6, 0xd7, 0xc3, 0xbb, 0x6b, 0xae, 0x93,
-    0xc8, 0xe3, 0x11, 0xbf, 0x1f, 0x9c, 0x8c, 0xfd, 0x1b, 0x05, 0x39, 0x4d, 0x57, 0x05, 0x67, 0xae, 0x80, 0x0d, 0x97,
-    0x69, 0x1a, 0x85, 0x66, 0x1c, 0xad, 0xd4, 0xfe, 0x09, 0x3d, 0x88, 0x0a, 0x1e, 0x3d, 0xaa, 0xca, 0xd7, 0xa3, 0xc0,
-    0x1f, 0x7d, 0x74, 0xd5, 0xc7, 0x6b, 0xdf, 0xed, 0x57, 0xf8, 0x49, 0x3b, 0x53, 0xfb, 0x00, 0xab, 0xf2, 0x4d, 0x10,
-    0x9c, 0xec, 0x53, 0x8b, 0xfe, 0xc9, 0xfe, 0xd8, 0xbf, 0xe9, 0x4b, 0xa9, 0x61, 0xb8, 0xde, 0xd4, 0xe5, 0x21, 0x38,
-    0x73, 0x4b, 0xb3, 0x04, 0x63, 0x3a, 0x8c, 0x98, 0x56, 0x5c, 0x7e, 0x21, 0xd6, 0x0c, 0xc1, 0xab, 0x8d, 0x50, 0x9c,
-    0x1e, 0xc0, 0x55, 0xef, 0xd3, 0x27, 0x2d, 0xb7, 0x43, 0x9d, 0x49, 0x41, 0xda, 0x50, 0xcd, 0x87, 0x55, 0x0c, 0x8c,
-    0x34, 0xa3, 0x6b, 0x22, 0x94, 0x5c, 0xa0, 0x1b, 0xa3, 0xcc, 0xc0, 0x0c, 0x3b, 0xde, 0x02, 0x34, 0x8e, 0xfc, 0xa7,
-    0x74, 0x23, 0x1e, 0x41, 0x56, 0x6d, 0x09, 0x89, 0xeb, 0x92, 0xce, 0x85, 0x4e, 0x21, 0x8f, 0x13, 0x08, 0xca, 0x12,
-    0xfc, 0x0e, 0xe9, 0x41, 0xb4, 0x40, 0x87, 0xac, 0x6e, 0x79, 0x70, 0x1e, 0x2f, 0x13, 0x79, 0xd4, 0xc4, 0xbc, 0x9c,
-    0x96, 0x56, 0xa8, 0x5b, 0x5d, 0x2f, 0x11, 0x35, 0x72, 0x2f, 0xd9, 0xb4, 0x64, 0xa0, 0xc3, 0xd3, 0x52, 0xa3, 0x42,
-    0x73, 0xc1, 0xab, 0x4f, 0x52, 0x1c, 0x31, 0x43, 0xbb, 0x4c, 0x8c, 0xe8, 0xaa, 0xa0, 0x53, 0x09, 0x21, 0xca, 0x6e,
-    0x94, 0x15, 0x01, 0x9c, 0x69, 0xd5, 0xfb, 0x8f, 0xd7, 0x21, 0x12, 0xb6, 0xc4, 0xed, 0x97, 0xf7, 0x41, 0xea, 0x0d,
-    0x4d, 0xda, 0xcc, 0xaa, 0xf2, 0xf5, 0x78, 0x18, 0xe4, 0x8b, 0x4d, 0x87, 0x60, 0xe6, 0x85, 0xe3, 0x80, 0x5d, 0x78,
-    0xc3, 0xef, 0xb0, 0xce, 0xeb, 0x61, 0xf0, 0x0a, 0x2a, 0x64, 0x6a, 0xff, 0xf1, 0x9a, 0x48, 0x77, 0x13, 0xc2, 0xce,
-    0x68, 0x0b, 0x54, 0xbf, 0xc3, 0x53, 0x2e, 0xb1, 0x98, 0x5a, 0x23, 0xb0, 0x44, 0x6e, 0x29, 0x8e, 0x6d, 0x19, 0x32,
-    0x9e, 0xf2, 0x07, 0xf6, 0xa6, 0xc2, 0x4f, 0x2d, 0xc0, 0x15, 0x89, 0x13, 0x2c, 0xef, 0x4c, 0x19, 0x58, 0x22, 0xab,
-    0xef, 0xa2, 0x95, 0x80, 0x94, 0x4f, 0x00, 0x85, 0xa8, 0x3c, 0x7d, 0x3f, 0x38, 0x91, 0xd5, 0x42, 0x28, 0x3b, 0xa7,
-    0x7e, 0xe1, 0x57, 0xa6, 0x2a, 0x45, 0x02, 0xa8, 0xc5, 0xad, 0xda, 0x3f, 0xd9, 0x97, 0x6b, 0xf7, 0x07, 0xdd, 0x33,
-    0x69, 0x70, 0xd8, 0xab, 0xb8, 0x37, 0x5f, 0x16, 0x0f, 0xd9, 0x95, 0x02, 0xb7, 0xe4, 0x0c, 0x4a, 0x60, 0x8e, 0xca,
-    0x4d, 0x6a, 0xe4, 0x07, 0x52, 0x26, 0x16, 0x04, 0x8a, 0x76, 0x8f, 0xc0, 0x8f, 0x91, 0xde, 0xcd, 0x97, 0x90, 0x2c,
-    0x33, 0x45, 0x6f, 0x03, 0xfe, 0x6f, 0x31, 0x25, 0x28, 0xe9, 0x66, 0x61, 0x12, 0xc5, 0x2a, 0x0c, 0xb3, 0x9a, 0x37,
-    0x49, 0x91, 0xf2, 0xb5, 0xe1, 0x80, 0x1b, 0xc9, 0x2a, 0x4c, 0xd8, 0x7e, 0xb5, 0xa9, 0x34, 0xee, 0x81, 0x5e, 0xfc,
-    0x50, 0xf8, 0x60, 0x2a, 0x48, 0x2b, 0x07, 0x70, 0x73, 0x3e, 0xaa, 0xcb, 0xc7, 0xbe, 0xf1, 0xe7, 0xc8, 0x18, 0x7a,
-    0xc6, 0xb5, 0x67, 0xfc, 0x10, 0x5e, 0x65, 0x8d, 0x8b, 0x97, 0xe7, 0x92, 0x33, 0x58, 0x4f, 0x83, 0x08, 0x4c, 0xe5,
-    0x4b, 0x85, 0x6f, 0x71, 0x9b, 0x91, 0x0b, 0x2f, 0x9e, 0x32, 0x91, 0xc2, 0x4d, 0xbc, 0x15, 0xb2, 0x03, 0x5d, 0x9a,
-    0x16, 0x08, 0x4f, 0xb6, 0xc7, 0x4d, 0xeb, 0x7c, 0x6b, 0x94, 0xc6, 0xc1, 0x9f, 0xd8, 0x1d, 0xb0, 0x59, 0x49, 0x1a,
-    0x2d, 0x40, 0x66, 0xe5, 0x4d, 0xb9, 0x0e, 0xc2, 0xd0, 0xd8, 0x6e, 0x9f, 0xfb, 0xf4, 0x89, 0x49, 0x59, 0xc5, 0xd2,
-    0x68, 0x3a, 0x0d, 0x98, 0x26, 0x65, 0x1f, 0xcb, 0x3f, 0x73, 0xba, 0x67, 0x8b, 0xc8, 0xd5, 0x7a, 0xb6, 0xe9, 0x60,
+    0xaf, 0xbd, 0xa7, 0xdd, 0x6e, 0x13, 0x49, 0xf6, 0xff, 0x3c, 0x05, 0x26, 0xd9, 0x04, 0x12, 0xc0, 0x20, 0xf9, 0x43,
+    0x91, 0x8c, 0x3c, 0x93, 0xc4, 0x99, 0x8f, 0xf5, 0x4c, 0xe6, 0x24, 0x9e, 0xec, 0xbd, 0xeb, 0xf5, 0xb1, 0x90, 0xd4,
+    0x92, 0xd8, 0x20, 0xd0, 0x01, 0x64, 0xd9, 0xa3, 0xb0, 0xcf, 0xb2, 0x8f, 0x70, 0x9f, 0x61, 0x9f, 0xec, 0x9e, 0xaa,
+    0xea, 0x86, 0x06, 0x81, 0x2c, 0x4f, 0x32, 0xb3, 0x7b, 0xcf, 0xb9, 0x67, 0x26, 0x89, 0x68, 0xba, 0x9b, 0xea, 0xaf,
+    0xaa, 0xea, 0xfa, 0x2c, 0x53, 0x4a, 0xbb, 0x82, 0x7f, 0x85, 0x15, 0x72, 0xa5, 0x94, 0xb6, 0x1c, 0x88, 0x39, 0xdd,
+    0x3e, 0xae, 0x1a, 0x58, 0x15, 0x8a, 0x7b, 0x32, 0x98, 0x09, 0x56, 0x76, 0x9d, 0x98, 0x87, 0x59, 0x97, 0x36, 0xbc,
+    0x11, 0xb8, 0x60, 0x7a, 0xd8, 0x50, 0x6b, 0xdc, 0xf5, 0x4a, 0xa1, 0x30, 0xe3, 0xf2, 0xa4, 0x9e, 0x78, 0xe5, 0x67,
+    0xd8, 0xd2, 0x95, 0x2a, 0xe0, 0x1b, 0x53, 0xa9, 0x04, 0x52, 0xb0, 0xe0, 0x94, 0x3e, 0x6f, 0xa5, 0xd1, 0x79, 0xb4,
+    0x12, 0x82, 0xe3, 0x13, 0xaf, 0xa6, 0x10, 0xcf, 0x49, 0x77, 0x74, 0x12, 0xd0, 0x0f, 0x27, 0x6b, 0xa0, 0x00, 0x59,
+    0x31, 0xc1, 0x39, 0xdb, 0x3a, 0xa0, 0xcb, 0xd4, 0xf5, 0xe3, 0xb5, 0xd8, 0x72, 0xd9, 0xc0, 0xcf, 0xd3, 0xc2, 0x96,
+    0x58, 0x8e, 0x8c, 0x4f, 0xbd, 0x1c, 0x85, 0xb4, 0xa6, 0x1a, 0xdf, 0x1f, 0xae, 0x5f, 0xcb, 0xb7, 0x58, 0xf4, 0xc8,
+    0x88, 0xa6, 0xd7, 0x57, 0x61, 0xb7, 0x6c, 0xa4, 0xd5, 0x01, 0x46, 0x82, 0x27, 0x31, 0x04, 0x0c, 0xcc, 0x8c, 0xa8,
+    0xff, 0xdb, 0xb8, 0x8a, 0xfa, 0xd1, 0xfe, 0x2e, 0x47, 0xfe, 0x3f, 0xbf, 0x7d, 0x7f, 0x01, 0x7a, 0x2d, 0x0f, 0x15,
+    0xd1, 0x6b, 0x95, 0xdb, 0xb0, 0x98, 0xa0, 0x29, 0x52, 0xbb, 0xaa, 0xb7, 0x00, 0xea, 0x8c, 0x37, 0x86, 0xfd, 0x5b,
+    0x73, 0xb5, 0x5a, 0x99, 0x60, 0xd1, 0x6a, 0x2e, 0xe3, 0x80, 0xb8, 0xc3, 0xb1, 0x9a, 0x09, 0xa4, 0xce, 0x2a, 0x48,
+    0x1d, 0xc2, 0xe1, 0xf2, 0x7c, 0x2a, 0xef, 0x67, 0xd1, 0xea, 0x9b, 0x20, 0x90, 0xc5, 0x36, 0x82, 0x89, 0xe3, 0x92,
+    0x8c, 0x12, 0x32, 0xd0, 0x40, 0xfb, 0x64, 0xf9, 0xc9, 0x35, 0xb7, 0x17, 0x18, 0x5f, 0x0f, 0xef, 0xae, 0xb9, 0x4e,
+    0x22, 0x8f, 0x47, 0xfc, 0x7e, 0x70, 0x32, 0xf6, 0x6f, 0x14, 0xe4, 0x34, 0x5d, 0x15, 0x9c, 0xb9, 0x02, 0x36, 0x5c,
+    0xa6, 0x69, 0x14, 0x9a, 0x71, 0xb4, 0x52, 0xfb, 0x27, 0xf4, 0x20, 0x2a, 0x78, 0xf4, 0xa8, 0x2a, 0x5f, 0x8f, 0x02,
+    0x7f, 0xf4, 0xd1, 0x55, 0x1f, 0xaf, 0x7d, 0xb7, 0x5f, 0xe1, 0x27, 0xed, 0x4c, 0xed, 0x03, 0xac, 0xca, 0x37, 0x41,
+    0x70, 0xb2, 0x4f, 0x2d, 0xfa, 0x27, 0xfb, 0x63, 0xff, 0xa6, 0x2f, 0xa5, 0x86, 0xe1, 0x7a, 0x53, 0x97, 0x87, 0xe0,
+    0xcc, 0x2d, 0xcd, 0x12, 0x8c, 0xe9, 0x30, 0x62, 0x5a, 0x71, 0xf9, 0x85, 0x58, 0x33, 0x04, 0xaf, 0x36, 0x42, 0x71,
+    0x7a, 0x00, 0x57, 0xbd, 0x4f, 0x9f, 0xb4, 0xdc, 0x0e, 0x75, 0x26, 0x05, 0x69, 0x43, 0x35, 0x1f, 0x56, 0x31, 0x30,
+    0xd2, 0x8c, 0xae, 0x89, 0x50, 0x72, 0x81, 0x6e, 0x8c, 0x32, 0x03, 0x33, 0xec, 0x78, 0x0b, 0xd0, 0x38, 0xf2, 0x9f,
+    0xd2, 0x8d, 0x78, 0x04, 0x59, 0xb5, 0x25, 0x24, 0xae, 0x4b, 0x3a, 0x17, 0x3a, 0x85, 0x3c, 0x4e, 0x20, 0x28, 0x4b,
+    0xf0, 0x3b, 0xa4, 0x07, 0xd1, 0x02, 0x1d, 0xb2, 0xba, 0xe5, 0xc1, 0x79, 0xbc, 0x4c, 0xe4, 0x51, 0x13, 0xf3, 0x72,
+    0x5a, 0x5a, 0xa1, 0x6e, 0x75, 0xbd, 0x44, 0xd4, 0xc8, 0xbd, 0xa4, 0x69, 0xc9, 0x40, 0x87, 0xa7, 0xa5, 0x46, 0x85,
+    0xe6, 0x82, 0x57, 0x9f, 0xa4, 0x38, 0x62, 0x86, 0x76, 0x99, 0x18, 0xd1, 0x55, 0x41, 0xa7, 0x12, 0x42, 0x94, 0xdd,
+    0x28, 0x2b, 0x02, 0x38, 0xd3, 0xaa, 0xf7, 0x1f, 0xaf, 0x43, 0x24, 0x6c, 0x89, 0xdb, 0x2f, 0xef, 0x83, 0xd4, 0x1b,
+    0x9a, 0xb4, 0x99, 0x55, 0xe5, 0xeb, 0xf1, 0x30, 0xc8, 0x17, 0x9b, 0x0e, 0xc1, 0xcc, 0x0b, 0xc7, 0x01, 0xbb, 0xf0,
+    0x86, 0xdf, 0x61, 0x9d, 0xd7, 0xc3, 0xe0, 0x15, 0x54, 0xc8, 0xd4, 0xfe, 0xe3, 0x35, 0x91, 0xee, 0x3a, 0x84, 0x9d,
+    0xd1, 0x16, 0xa8, 0x7e, 0x87, 0xa7, 0x5c, 0x62, 0x31, 0xb5, 0x46, 0x60, 0x89, 0xdc, 0x52, 0x1c, 0xdb, 0x32, 0x64,
+    0x3c, 0xe5, 0x0f, 0xec, 0x4d, 0x85, 0x9f, 0x5a, 0x80, 0x2b, 0x12, 0x27, 0x58, 0xde, 0x99, 0x32, 0xb0, 0x44, 0x56,
+    0xdf, 0x45, 0x2b, 0x01, 0x29, 0x9f, 0x00, 0x0a, 0x51, 0x79, 0xfa, 0x7e, 0x70, 0x22, 0xab, 0x85, 0x50, 0x76, 0x4e,
+    0xfd, 0xc2, 0xaf, 0x4c, 0x55, 0x8a, 0x04, 0x50, 0x8b, 0x5b, 0xb5, 0x7f, 0xb2, 0x2f, 0xd7, 0xee, 0x0f, 0xba, 0x67,
+    0xd2, 0xe0, 0xb0, 0x57, 0x71, 0x6f, 0xbe, 0x2c, 0x1e, 0xb2, 0x2b, 0x05, 0x6e, 0xc9, 0x19, 0x94, 0xc0, 0x1c, 0x95,
+    0x9b, 0x6c, 0x90, 0x1f, 0x48, 0x99, 0x58, 0x10, 0x28, 0xda, 0x3d, 0x02, 0x3f, 0x46, 0x7a, 0x37, 0x5f, 0x42, 0xb2,
+    0xcc, 0x14, 0xbd, 0x0d, 0xf8, 0xbf, 0xc5, 0x94, 0xa0, 0xa4, 0x9b, 0x85, 0x49, 0x14, 0xab, 0x30, 0xcc, 0x6a, 0xde,
+    0x24, 0x45, 0xca, 0xd7, 0x86, 0x03, 0xae, 0x25, 0xab, 0x30, 0x61, 0xfb, 0xd5, 0xa6, 0xd2, 0xb8, 0x07, 0x7a, 0xf1,
+    0x43, 0xe1, 0x83, 0xa9, 0x20, 0xad, 0x1c, 0xc0, 0xe6, 0x7c, 0x54, 0x97, 0x8f, 0x7d, 0xe3, 0x2f, 0x91, 0x31, 0xf4,
+    0x8c, 0x6b, 0xcf, 0xf8, 0x31, 0xbc, 0xca, 0x6a, 0x17, 0x2f, 0xcf, 0x25, 0x67, 0xb0, 0x9e, 0x06, 0x11, 0x98, 0xca,
+    0x97, 0x0a, 0xdf, 0xe2, 0x36, 0x23, 0x17, 0x5e, 0x3c, 0x65, 0x22, 0x85, 0x9b, 0x78, 0x2b, 0x64, 0x07, 0xba, 0x34,
+    0x2d, 0x10, 0x9e, 0x6c, 0x8f, 0x9b, 0xd6, 0xf9, 0xd6, 0x28, 0x8d, 0x83, 0x3f, 0xb3, 0x3b, 0x60, 0xb3, 0x92, 0x34,
+    0x5a, 0x80, 0xcc, 0xca, 0x9b, 0x72, 0x1d, 0x84, 0xa1, 0xb1, 0xdd, 0x3e, 0xf7, 0xe9, 0x13, 0x93, 0xb2, 0x8a, 0xa5,
+    0xd1, 0x74, 0x1a, 0x30, 0x4d, 0xca, 0x3e, 0x96, 0x7f, 0xe6, 0x74, 0xcf, 0x16, 0x91, 0xab, 0xf5, 0xac, 0xe9, 0x60,
     0x89, 0x11, 0xb3, 0x9c, 0x1b, 0x04, 0xc4, 0x45, 0xc6, 0x55, 0xc8, 0x90, 0x6b, 0xe2, 0x5c, 0x14, 0x07, 0xd7, 0x1c,
     0x47, 0xcb, 0x61, 0xc0, 0x4c, 0x3c, 0x0d, 0xf0, 0xc9, 0xf5, 0x70, 0x39, 0x1c, 0x06, 0x94, 0x2e, 0x0c, 0xe2, 0xaf,
     0x45, 0x09, 0xca, 0x45, 0x33, 0xbd, 0x07, 0x83, 0xb2, 0xd2, 0x2a, 0xf8, 0x60, 0x33, 0x09, 0x37, 0x07, 0xfa, 0x40,
-    0x0a, 0x32, 0xd0, 0xfa, 0x99, 0x76, 0x55, 0xb8, 0xb1, 0xb0, 0x44, 0xed, 0x35, 0xb0, 0x74, 0xee, 0xa5, 0xfa, 0x1e,
-    0x67, 0x58, 0xf1, 0xc2, 0xb1, 0xf2, 0x8a, 0xf6, 0xae, 0x6a, 0xa8, 0x64, 0xfa, 0xc5, 0xb3, 0xcb, 0xa9, 0x86, 0xfa,
-    0xda, 0xf7, 0xa6, 0x61, 0x94, 0xa4, 0xfe, 0x48, 0xbd, 0xea, 0xbd, 0xf6, 0xb5, 0xcb, 0x79, 0xaa, 0xe9, 0x57, 0xc6,
-    0xb7, 0x72, 0x1e, 0x30, 0x81, 0x29, 0x31, 0x0d, 0xd8, 0x86, 0x3a, 0xf2, 0xe9, 0xd9, 0x56, 0x4f, 0x60, 0x64, 0xac,
+    0x0a, 0x32, 0xd0, 0xcd, 0x33, 0xed, 0xaa, 0x70, 0x63, 0x61, 0x89, 0xda, 0xab, 0x61, 0xe9, 0xdc, 0x4b, 0xf5, 0x3d,
+    0xce, 0xb0, 0xe2, 0x85, 0x63, 0xe5, 0x15, 0xed, 0x5d, 0xd5, 0x50, 0xc9, 0xf4, 0x8b, 0x67, 0x97, 0x53, 0x0d, 0xf5,
+    0xb5, 0xef, 0x4d, 0xc3, 0x28, 0x49, 0xfd, 0x91, 0x7a, 0xd5, 0x7b, 0xed, 0x6b, 0x97, 0xf3, 0x54, 0xd3, 0xaf, 0x8c,
+    0x6f, 0xe5, 0x3c, 0x60, 0x02, 0x53, 0x62, 0x1a, 0xb0, 0x86, 0x3a, 0xf2, 0xe9, 0xd9, 0x56, 0x4f, 0x60, 0x64, 0xac,
     0xf3, 0xad, 0x0b, 0xb5, 0x2a, 0x19, 0xc5, 0x30, 0x55, 0x24, 0x64, 0x14, 0xfb, 0x56, 0xef, 0x91, 0x10, 0xe6, 0x9b,
     0xe5, 0x1a, 0x99, 0x86, 0xb4, 0x20, 0xbe, 0x18, 0x04, 0x5f, 0x78, 0x8e, 0xd2, 0xf3, 0x9e, 0xec, 0xf5, 0x50, 0x22,
     0xe3, 0x83, 0x6f, 0xca, 0x1c, 0xc8, 0xe3, 0x75, 0x9a, 0x81, 0xc9, 0x61, 0x18, 0xa5, 0x0a, 0x44, 0x76, 0x83, 0x0f,
@@ -3695,3994 +3695,3997 @@ constexpr uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
     0xba, 0x25, 0xf4, 0xaa, 0x09, 0x76, 0x37, 0x16, 0x31, 0xf3, 0xb9, 0x18, 0x45, 0x30, 0x60, 0x95, 0xa3, 0x07, 0xc1,
     0x9a, 0x72, 0xde, 0x2a, 0x05, 0x8b, 0x6b, 0x24, 0x18, 0x80, 0xb9, 0x38, 0x8f, 0x30, 0xc8, 0xae, 0x81, 0x91, 0x84,
     0x08, 0x66, 0x62, 0x8c, 0x46, 0x24, 0x27, 0x91, 0xf3, 0xc3, 0xc5, 0x32, 0xc5, 0xc8, 0xf4, 0x00, 0x00, 0xcb, 0x54,
-    0x05, 0x2f, 0x8c, 0x80, 0xeb, 0x8b, 0x0b, 0x4f, 0xa6, 0x2a, 0xfe, 0xb8, 0x5e, 0xc6, 0xa5, 0x33, 0x80, 0xe3, 0x70,
-    0x18, 0xa8, 0xd7, 0x81, 0xc7, 0x98, 0x0f, 0x63, 0x64, 0x14, 0x69, 0x5d, 0xb4, 0x11, 0xda, 0x3f, 0x34, 0x20, 0x90,
-    0x11, 0xf5, 0xd3, 0xd3, 0x82, 0xc6, 0xc1, 0x42, 0xb4, 0xea, 0xd2, 0x30, 0x07, 0x20, 0xa3, 0x3c, 0x85, 0xb9, 0x73,
-    0xe1, 0x52, 0x2f, 0x4c, 0xeb, 0xd4, 0x0b, 0x95, 0xec, 0xea, 0x06, 0x38, 0x0d, 0x83, 0xec, 0xba, 0x70, 0x74, 0x2d,
-    0xc6, 0x0b, 0x5b, 0x92, 0xca, 0x15, 0xb4, 0x74, 0x73, 0xb9, 0x3d, 0xdb, 0x22, 0xf6, 0xe7, 0x5e, 0x7c, 0x47, 0xe6,
-    0x6f, 0x86, 0x6c, 0x23, 0xa7, 0xab, 0x0a, 0xd1, 0x03, 0x9a, 0x00, 0x22, 0x0d, 0xaa, 0xf2, 0x75, 0x5e, 0xc6, 0xf8,
-    0x68, 0x73, 0x1b, 0x20, 0xf8, 0xd6, 0xb5, 0xfa, 0x9c, 0x59, 0x24, 0x7f, 0xa4, 0x26, 0x3d, 0x2d, 0xd9, 0x30, 0xbc,
-    0xa4, 0x3c, 0xbc, 0xb0, 0xbc, 0xd1, 0x70, 0x30, 0x44, 0x29, 0x08, 0x6e, 0x1c, 0x19, 0x26, 0xc1, 0x6c, 0x5e, 0x51,
-    0x7a, 0xf7, 0xbb, 0x2e, 0x07, 0x83, 0xe5, 0x08, 0x61, 0x39, 0x1a, 0x44, 0xb3, 0x9e, 0x58, 0x11, 0xe0, 0x45, 0x80,
+    0x05, 0x2f, 0x8c, 0x80, 0xeb, 0x8b, 0x0b, 0x4f, 0xa6, 0x2a, 0xfe, 0x78, 0xb3, 0x8c, 0x4b, 0x67, 0x00, 0xc7, 0xe1,
+    0x30, 0x50, 0xaf, 0x03, 0x8f, 0x31, 0x1f, 0xc6, 0xc8, 0x28, 0xd2, 0xba, 0x68, 0x23, 0xb4, 0x7f, 0xa8, 0x41, 0x20,
+    0x23, 0xea, 0xa7, 0xa7, 0x05, 0xb5, 0x83, 0x85, 0x68, 0xd5, 0xa5, 0x61, 0x0e, 0x40, 0x46, 0x79, 0x0a, 0x73, 0xe7,
+    0xc2, 0xa5, 0x5e, 0x98, 0xd6, 0xa9, 0x17, 0x2a, 0xd9, 0xd5, 0x0d, 0x70, 0x1a, 0x06, 0xd9, 0x75, 0xe1, 0xe8, 0x5a,
+    0x8c, 0x17, 0xb6, 0x24, 0x95, 0x2b, 0x68, 0xe9, 0xe6, 0x72, 0x7b, 0xb6, 0x45, 0xec, 0xcf, 0xbd, 0xf8, 0x8e, 0xcc,
+    0xdf, 0x0c, 0xd9, 0x46, 0x4e, 0x57, 0x15, 0xa2, 0x07, 0x34, 0x01, 0x44, 0x1a, 0x54, 0xe5, 0xeb, 0xbc, 0x8c, 0xf1,
+    0xd1, 0xe6, 0x36, 0x40, 0xf0, 0xad, 0x6b, 0xf5, 0x39, 0xb3, 0x48, 0xfe, 0x48, 0x4d, 0x7a, 0x5a, 0xd2, 0x30, 0xbc,
+    0xa4, 0x3c, 0xbc, 0xb0, 0xbc, 0xd1, 0x70, 0x30, 0x44, 0x29, 0x08, 0x6e, 0x1c, 0x19, 0x26, 0xc1, 0xac, 0x5f, 0x51,
+    0x7a, 0xf7, 0x87, 0x2e, 0x07, 0x83, 0xe5, 0x08, 0x61, 0x39, 0x6a, 0x44, 0xb3, 0x9e, 0x58, 0x11, 0xe0, 0x45, 0x80,
     0x0b, 0x89, 0x91, 0x03, 0xa1, 0xfc, 0x98, 0x4a, 0xbe, 0x85, 0x62, 0x38, 0x1a, 0x04, 0x3b, 0x1d, 0x8d, 0xd8, 0x75,
     0x23, 0x6c, 0x15, 0x67, 0x27, 0xfb, 0x54, 0x9b, 0x88, 0x22, 0x55, 0x82, 0x69, 0x88, 0x61, 0x84, 0xc5, 0x2c, 0x40,
     0x82, 0x70, 0xd7, 0x29, 0x2e, 0x3a, 0xd6, 0x1c, 0xd5, 0xd2, 0xce, 0x69, 0x99, 0xe1, 0xc1, 0x56, 0x6a, 0xff, 0x04,
     0x53, 0x7e, 0x02, 0x59, 0x87, 0xa0, 0x58, 0x27, 0xfb, 0xf4, 0xa8, 0x54, 0x4e, 0x44, 0xd1, 0x89, 0x90, 0x41, 0x76,
     0x79, 0x07, 0x0f, 0x3a, 0x2a, 0x49, 0xca, 0x16, 0x50, 0xea, 0x65, 0xaa, 0x32, 0xe7, 0x0c, 0x16, 0x8f, 0xbe, 0x07,
     0xa1, 0x79, 0x6c, 0x70, 0x89, 0x50, 0x95, 0xb9, 0x77, 0x8b, 0x23, 0x17, 0x6f, 0xbc, 0x5b, 0xcd, 0xe1, 0xaf, 0x8a,
-    0xb3, 0x96, 0x94, 0xcf, 0xda, 0xa8, 0x76, 0x43, 0x0e, 0xe0, 0x86, 0x3c, 0x6a, 0x5e, 0xdc, 0x99, 0x58, 0xdc, 0xf1,
+    0xb3, 0x96, 0x94, 0xcf, 0xda, 0x68, 0xe3, 0x86, 0x1c, 0xc0, 0x0d, 0x79, 0x54, 0xbf, 0xb8, 0x33, 0xb1, 0xb8, 0xe3,
     0x86, 0xc5, 0x1d, 0x6f, 0x59, 0xdc, 0x80, 0x2f, 0xa4, 0x92, 0x4f, 0x5d, 0x8c, 0xbe, 0xd4, 0xf9, 0xe4, 0x71, 0x7e,
-    0xa4, 0xcb, 0xcf, 0x19, 0xce, 0x93, 0x99, 0x04, 0x60, 0x4b, 0xbc, 0x61, 0xae, 0x9a, 0xe6, 0x45, 0x9a, 0x88, 0xfa,
-    0xc0, 0xf3, 0x53, 0x27, 0xc6, 0x0d, 0x29, 0xbc, 0xb5, 0xa0, 0x3a, 0x5e, 0xd8, 0xa5, 0xd8, 0xd0, 0xd0, 0x66, 0x1b,
-    0x46, 0x3a, 0xdb, 0x32, 0xd2, 0x51, 0xe9, 0xe8, 0xf2, 0x61, 0xd3, 0x21, 0x94, 0x07, 0x05, 0x7b, 0x10, 0xfc, 0x2b,
-    0x70, 0xcb, 0x94, 0xf7, 0xe1, 0x66, 0x1c, 0x2b, 0xed, 0xa8, 0x85, 0x97, 0x24, 0xab, 0x28, 0x06, 0x03, 0x05, 0xe8,
-    0xe6, 0x61, 0x5b, 0x6a, 0xee, 0x87, 0x3c, 0xf6, 0xd9, 0xc6, 0xcd, 0x54, 0xbc, 0x97, 0xb7, 0x54, 0xeb, 0xf0, 0x90,
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+    0xc2, 0xbe, 0x10, 0x6f, 0xbd, 0x7e, 0xd3, 0xad, 0xb7, 0xca, 0xa3, 0x94, 0x59, 0x2f, 0x5f, 0x87, 0xd8, 0x36, 0x5e,
+    0x42, 0xb6, 0x67, 0xdf, 0x8f, 0x39, 0x61, 0x90, 0xbe, 0x92, 0x07, 0xc3, 0x2c, 0xd5, 0xd3, 0xb7, 0x06, 0x89, 0xa1,
+    0x8c, 0xbb, 0x1f, 0x96, 0x98, 0x6e, 0x37, 0xeb, 0xa5, 0x4c, 0xc4, 0x6c, 0x38, 0x4f, 0x1b, 0xc2, 0x3a, 0x34, 0x55,
+    0x21, 0x3e, 0x7c, 0x4b, 0x85, 0x62, 0x9b, 0x6f, 0xab, 0x55, 0x70, 0x56, 0x45, 0x35, 0x4f, 0x53, 0x1f, 0xe1, 0x81,
+    0xd8, 0xa8, 0x8d, 0xa5, 0x18, 0x6c, 0x22, 0x75, 0xa1, 0xaa, 0x50, 0x2d, 0x78, 0x8b, 0x05, 0x55, 0xd6, 0x7b, 0x27,
+    0xfb, 0x74, 0x9d, 0xee, 0xd3, 0x06, 0xec, 0x9f, 0x80, 0x65, 0x3a, 0xed, 0x09, 0x6f, 0xb1, 0xe0, 0x2b, 0x4e, 0xbf,
+    0xe8, 0xcd, 0xfe, 0x2c, 0x9d, 0x07, 0xfd, 0xff, 0x05, 0x64, 0x23, 0xa6, 0xdb, 0x06, 0x7b, 0x03, 0x00};
 
 #else  // Brotli (default, smaller)
-constexpr uint8_t INDEX_BR[] PROGMEM = {
-    0x5b, 0x36, 0x7a, 0x53, 0xc2, 0x36, 0x06, 0x5a, 0x1f, 0xd4, 0x4e, 0x00, 0xb3, 0xd6, 0xea, 0xff, 0x0a, 0xab, 0x51,
-    0x94, 0xb1, 0xe6, 0xb0, 0x2e, 0x61, 0xbb, 0x1a, 0x70, 0x3b, 0xd8, 0x06, 0xfd, 0x7d, 0x2f, 0x1a, 0x00, 0x55, 0x35,
-    0xe3, 0xa8, 0x1c, 0x62, 0xca, 0xd3, 0xb4, 0x00, 0xdb, 0x5e, 0x43, 0xa7, 0x14, 0x08, 0xa4, 0x51, 0x99, 0x96, 0xb6,
-    0xf5, 0x0e, 0x99, 0x80, 0x52, 0x31, 0xe8, 0x10, 0x27, 0x1c, 0x04, 0x11, 0x58, 0xc5, 0x1c, 0xcc, 0xd4, 0x74, 0x4c,
-    0x33, 0x11, 0xbb, 0xdb, 0xb0, 0xb4, 0x0a, 0x87, 0x13, 0x12, 0xb4, 0x8f, 0xe7, 0xd1, 0xc8, 0x85, 0x26, 0x07, 0xab,
-    0x2e, 0x7a, 0x6e, 0x93, 0xb9, 0x4c, 0xb4, 0x84, 0x5b, 0x59, 0xda, 0xde, 0x2f, 0x74, 0x88, 0x3c, 0x53, 0x3b, 0xfd,
-    0x28, 0xf8, 0x60, 0x4b, 0xf2, 0xc2, 0x03, 0xda, 0x33, 0x59, 0xe4, 0x2a, 0x48, 0x26, 0xde, 0x20, 0x6e, 0xcb, 0x83,
-    0xef, 0x81, 0x7a, 0x6b, 0x36, 0x9a, 0x3f, 0x38, 0x8e, 0xfd, 0xf9, 0x7e, 0x73, 0xab, 0x6e, 0x85, 0xf0, 0x62, 0xe0,
-    0x60, 0x60, 0x23, 0x1b, 0x11, 0xaf, 0x39, 0x32, 0xed, 0x79, 0x20, 0x27, 0x04, 0x1f, 0x6b, 0xf4, 0xd9, 0x97, 0x2f,
-    0x38, 0xe4, 0x5b, 0x75, 0xbb, 0xb4, 0xfe, 0xd5, 0xfb, 0x5f, 0xa5, 0xc2, 0x5c, 0x88, 0xc6, 0xdf, 0xd0, 0x1e, 0x10,
-    0xa7, 0x44, 0x3b, 0xdd, 0xb8, 0xbd, 0x2c, 0x7a, 0x10, 0x61, 0xbe, 0x8b, 0xbb, 0x3c, 0x10, 0x0e, 0x5f, 0x06, 0xc6,
-    0xe0, 0xf2, 0xe6, 0x88, 0xa8, 0xb8, 0xa2, 0xab, 0xf7, 0x6b, 0xab, 0xe9, 0xfb, 0xbd, 0xa6, 0xfe, 0xd7, 0xef, 0x23,
-    0xd3, 0x86, 0xa9, 0xdc, 0x57, 0x3a, 0xf7, 0xb8, 0x49, 0x6e, 0x45, 0x76, 0xda, 0xa6, 0x21, 0xc3, 0x2b, 0x0f, 0xac,
-    0xc9, 0x85, 0x03, 0x60, 0xdd, 0x28, 0x5d, 0xe5, 0x3b, 0xfb, 0xf3, 0xbb, 0xdc, 0xc2, 0x94, 0xab, 0x90, 0x2b, 0x05,
-    0xc8, 0x64, 0x3f, 0x3f, 0xc8, 0x1a, 0xe3, 0xef, 0x17, 0x88, 0x77, 0x9f, 0x18, 0x8d, 0xda, 0xd2, 0xc0, 0xb8, 0x5b,
-    0x99, 0x6e, 0xd9, 0x12, 0xaa, 0xdc, 0x2f, 0xeb, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfb, 0x4e, 0xff, 0xbf, 0x7e, 0xed, 0x55, 0x22, 0xe6,
-    0x8a, 0x96, 0x64, 0x4c, 0xdf, 0x4b, 0x2c, 0xef, 0x43, 0x42, 0x69, 0x18, 0x37, 0x29, 0x19, 0x40, 0x1f, 0x19, 0x8a,
-    0x6b, 0x84, 0xb5, 0x31, 0x6a, 0x1d, 0xd9, 0x57, 0x5b, 0x04, 0xbb, 0xd6, 0xde, 0xfa, 0x52, 0xfd, 0xbe, 0x7e, 0x1f,
-    0xe7, 0x5d, 0xc3, 0x72, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x3a, 0x6f, 0xf7, 0x1e, 0x6d, 0x29, 0x74, 0xce, 0x4b, 0xde, 0x98, 0xe5, 0x62,
-    0x40, 0x34, 0x7a, 0xba, 0x6d, 0x0c, 0x30, 0x01, 0xd0, 0x92, 0x98, 0x29, 0xed, 0xfb, 0xea, 0xeb, 0x7f, 0xfd, 0x56,
-    0x3a, 0x29, 0x0a, 0x1f, 0xd9, 0xb7, 0x84, 0x3a, 0x26, 0xfa, 0xd6, 0xce, 0x76, 0x3a, 0x32, 0x19, 0x0a, 0xb2, 0x94,
-    0xc7, 0x80, 0xbe, 0x24, 0x74, 0x27, 0x0a, 0xff, 0x5f, 0x5f, 0xd3, 0xfa, 0xfa, 0x95, 0x08, 0xbb, 0xcc, 0xa5, 0x4e,
-    0x51, 0xa8, 0x7b, 0x7f, 0x4f, 0x49, 0xce, 0xb2, 0xec, 0x9e, 0x0a, 0x41, 0xcb, 0xb4, 0x8d, 0x17, 0xe1, 0x00, 0xdc,
-    0x13, 0x13, 0x59, 0xf7, 0x30, 0x55, 0xeb, 0xbf, 0x9f, 0x97, 0x0d, 0x67, 0x15, 0x30, 0x14, 0x61, 0x0c, 0x48, 0xaa,
-    0xd8, 0x41, 0x5a, 0x75, 0x4b, 0xd3, 0x16, 0xa5, 0xc1, 0xd4, 0xc8, 0x9c, 0x84, 0x1c, 0x78, 0x01, 0xe8, 0x24, 0x45,
-    0xca, 0xff, 0x73, 0xbe, 0x2d, 0xad, 0xfe, 0x74, 0x75, 0x79, 0xa2, 0xba, 0x1f, 0x6a, 0x09, 0x10, 0xc6, 0x50, 0xb3,
-    0x6c, 0x4a, 0xe7, 0x9f, 0x5d, 0xbf, 0x26, 0x78, 0xa6, 0x37, 0x07, 0xce, 0xa5, 0x55, 0xaf, 0xef, 0x06, 0xd4, 0x72,
-    0x4f, 0x48, 0xdf, 0x15, 0x1b, 0xec, 0xd7, 0x48, 0xa6, 0xe5, 0xbd, 0xf3, 0x85, 0x88, 0xaa, 0x1c, 0x80, 0x11, 0xb4,
-    0x51, 0x68, 0xa0, 0xbc, 0xbd, 0xf6, 0xaa, 0x6f, 0x55, 0x94, 0x8e, 0x0d, 0x8c, 0xc0, 0x32, 0xcb, 0xaf, 0x77, 0x27,
-    0x94, 0x5c, 0xad, 0xbd, 0x6f, 0x92, 0xf0, 0x18, 0x70, 0x5a, 0x6c, 0x58, 0x38, 0x2f, 0xd9, 0x90, 0xa8, 0xf9, 0x9a,
-    0xad, 0xc0, 0x05, 0x0a, 0xeb, 0x98, 0xcb, 0xaa, 0x7a, 0x8b, 0x0a, 0x89, 0xf8, 0x75, 0xfb, 0x7e, 0xc6, 0x7d, 0x4c,
-    0x37, 0xc3, 0x0c, 0x86, 0x8d, 0x82, 0x27, 0x18, 0xd7, 0x33, 0xb5, 0x4c, 0x5f, 0x6f, 0xa7, 0x52, 0x3e, 0xdd, 0x19,
-    0x97, 0x57, 0x40, 0x5b, 0x29, 0xed, 0xd9, 0x0b, 0xb1, 0xcb, 0x58, 0x04, 0x08, 0x0d, 0x20, 0x51, 0xe9, 0x1b, 0x22,
-    0xf6, 0x9a, 0x6f, 0xe8, 0xe9, 0xbc, 0x01, 0x2c, 0x70, 0xf8, 0x86, 0x54, 0x72, 0xa5, 0x38, 0x22, 0xd0, 0xcb, 0x95,
-    0xe1, 0xc1, 0xb5, 0xb9, 0x59, 0x01, 0xae, 0xd5, 0x5a, 0x4a, 0xfa, 0x13, 0x37, 0x9b, 0xd6, 0xff, 0x3e, 0x2f, 0xce,
-    0xdb, 0xec, 0x44, 0xba, 0xfe, 0x92, 0xe3, 0xe4, 0x4a, 0xe9, 0xd9, 0x82, 0x09, 0x25, 0xcc, 0xb0, 0x86, 0x01, 0x93,
-    0xa6, 0xd5, 0x3e, 0x3c, 0x24, 0x1f, 0x50, 0xab, 0x6f, 0xf8, 0x83, 0xe5, 0xff, 0xef, 0xad, 0xb4, 0xdc, 0xfe, 0x88,
-    0x74, 0x20, 0x44, 0xf6, 0x00, 0xe4, 0x38, 0xc3, 0x91, 0xf5, 0xfb, 0xce, 0xcc, 0x2a, 0x50, 0x0d, 0x90, 0x6c, 0x59,
-    0xbf, 0xd6, 0x62, 0x53, 0x71, 0xcd, 0xbb, 0xcc, 0xef, 0xa2, 0x33, 0x7e, 0x18, 0x56, 0x64, 0x44, 0x66, 0x23, 0x5d,
-    0x0d, 0xcb, 0x36, 0xb2, 0x9c, 0x06, 0xf6, 0xbe, 0xf7, 0x7f, 0x14, 0xfe, 0xff, 0x91, 0xc5, 0x89, 0x88, 0x2c, 0x50,
-    0x91, 0x59, 0xc5, 0x39, 0x99, 0x05, 0xcc, 0xa8, 0x0a, 0xe0, 0x8c, 0x0a, 0x60, 0x1f, 0x1d, 0x90, 0x63, 0x41, 0xd0,
-    0x68, 0x9a, 0x6c, 0xf6, 0xd1, 0x90, 0x2d, 0x6f, 0x77, 0x5a, 0xac, 0x38, 0x94, 0xeb, 0x19, 0xd9, 0x96, 0xfc, 0x6e,
-    0x07, 0xca, 0x9a, 0xa5, 0xb4, 0xd2, 0xd1, 0x7d, 0x73, 0x6f, 0x76, 0xca, 0xa9, 0x23, 0x50, 0x69, 0xd5, 0x56, 0x08,
-    0xd7, 0xcc, 0xec, 0x06, 0x76, 0x3f, 0xe7, 0x97, 0x36, 0x1f, 0x37, 0xc5, 0xa4, 0x98, 0x94, 0xe0, 0x80, 0xe4, 0x19,
-    0x7b, 0xc6, 0x12, 0x0a, 0xc7, 0xf2, 0xde, 0xa9, 0x3f, 0x86, 0xdf, 0x43, 0x69, 0x61, 0x30, 0x75, 0xa6, 0x69, 0xfa,
-    0xef, 0xb6, 0x31, 0xab, 0x2f, 0xd7, 0xca, 0xcc, 0x2d, 0xcd, 0x10, 0x42, 0x0a, 0xa0, 0xa2, 0xeb, 0xff, 0x36, 0xbe,
-    0xd6, 0x57, 0x8e, 0xda, 0xfa, 0x75, 0xd4, 0xdd, 0x7e, 0x5c, 0x67, 0x08, 0x10, 0x02, 0xed, 0x3c, 0x64, 0x4a, 0x75,
-    0xdb, 0x71, 0x9e, 0x3d, 0x4d, 0x08, 0x21, 0x04, 0xe2, 0xa8, 0xe2, 0xf8, 0x5f, 0x23, 0x9d, 0x4a, 0x1b, 0x02, 0x0d,
-    0xa4, 0x48, 0xfd, 0x1b, 0xeb, 0x6f, 0x0d, 0xdb, 0xf7, 0xf4, 0x10, 0x9d, 0xd8, 0xd3, 0x00, 0xa1, 0x36, 0x49, 0xbe,
-    0xd8, 0x9a, 0xa7, 0xb5, 0x6d, 0x74, 0x2c, 0x43, 0x2d, 0x7f, 0xdf, 0x4c, 0xbf, 0x6d, 0x30, 0x06, 0x2c, 0x33, 0x25,
-    0x81, 0x19, 0xf2, 0xb9, 0x6e, 0x04, 0xf7, 0xcf, 0x4c, 0x26, 0xce, 0x1e, 0x07, 0x80, 0xd3, 0xb1, 0x47, 0x5b, 0x88,
-    0x19, 0x28, 0xc7, 0xb9, 0x83, 0x9b, 0x5b, 0x23, 0x98, 0xf6, 0xf6, 0x50, 0xb2, 0xdd, 0x47, 0x21, 0xd6, 0x20, 0x5a,
-    0x78, 0x61, 0x76, 0xf4, 0x81, 0xc9, 0xdb, 0x4e, 0x15, 0xbd, 0xa5, 0x5b, 0x7e, 0xc2, 0x1c, 0x81, 0x66, 0xf4, 0x92,
-    0x5f, 0x04, 0xf0, 0xbe, 0x7d, 0x0f, 0x45, 0x99, 0x04, 0xca, 0xfe, 0xfa, 0xc9, 0x96, 0x91, 0x9d, 0x9f, 0xb8, 0x6b,
-    0x7b, 0xc3, 0xe6, 0xe0, 0x21, 0x83, 0x27, 0x75, 0x98, 0xd9, 0x7e, 0x29, 0x3f, 0xe1, 0x6a, 0x19, 0xe6, 0x36, 0xe6,
-    0xf3, 0xfd, 0x14, 0x5d, 0xa1, 0x21, 0x63, 0x41, 0xea, 0xb9, 0xf7, 0x87, 0xc6, 0xf2, 0xc7, 0x64, 0x59, 0x06, 0x6e,
-    0xcb, 0x89, 0xc7, 0x92, 0xfa, 0xc5, 0x52, 0x4d, 0xdf, 0x93, 0x26, 0x01, 0x80, 0xac, 0xb5, 0x0d, 0xfd, 0x08, 0x57,
-    0x71, 0x7d, 0xad, 0x5c, 0x14, 0xe3, 0x9a, 0x6f, 0x87, 0x09, 0x06, 0x92, 0xf5, 0x13, 0x28, 0x6e, 0x7b, 0xf7, 0x6f,
-    0xcf, 0x6e, 0x6d, 0x59, 0x64, 0xd4, 0x74, 0x38, 0xbb, 0x0f, 0x9d, 0x69, 0x03, 0x8a, 0xb8, 0xc3, 0xdd, 0xa7, 0x63,
-    0x4d, 0x41, 0x62, 0xc3, 0x21, 0x83, 0xe7, 0x02, 0x1d, 0xcb, 0x3e, 0xa9, 0xa5, 0x24, 0x6b, 0x72, 0xe6, 0xd2, 0x10,
-    0x66, 0xa3, 0x73, 0x76, 0x1b, 0x4b, 0x07, 0xdc, 0x96, 0x33, 0xda, 0x45, 0x26, 0xf7, 0xbc, 0x89, 0xef, 0x68, 0xcc,
-    0x2f, 0xbb, 0xc0, 0xde, 0xfa, 0x20, 0xdb, 0x42, 0xd0, 0x6c, 0xcc, 0xec, 0xc0, 0x37, 0xde, 0x77, 0xd3, 0x21, 0x09,
-    0x12, 0x4d, 0xdf, 0xb7, 0xa0, 0x79, 0x31, 0xfa, 0xb8, 0xee, 0x61, 0xab, 0x50, 0xdf, 0xfe, 0x88, 0x87, 0x19, 0x9e,
-    0x78, 0x39, 0x23, 0x5f, 0xef, 0xdd, 0xe6, 0x65, 0xe7, 0xd1, 0x17, 0x31, 0xbe, 0x3d, 0xbb, 0x7d, 0xb9, 0x79, 0x64,
-    0xf7, 0x11, 0xd6, 0xbe, 0x1b, 0x12, 0x76, 0x35, 0xbf, 0x77, 0x1b, 0x7e, 0xf4, 0xda, 0x4b, 0x35, 0xab, 0xc9, 0x7f,
-    0xfa, 0xfe, 0x13, 0xda, 0xa8, 0x1d, 0xdc, 0xc3, 0xfd, 0x05, 0xc2, 0xb3, 0xa6, 0x38, 0x17, 0x58, 0x73, 0x18, 0x7f,
-    0xb6, 0x66, 0xc9, 0x3f, 0x3b, 0x22, 0xf4, 0x39, 0xcc, 0xd7, 0x39, 0x6f, 0xcf, 0x62, 0x6a, 0xfd, 0x4a, 0x44, 0x61,
-    0x22, 0x2a, 0x83, 0x26, 0x28, 0xca, 0x2b, 0x27, 0x7d, 0xc7, 0x45, 0x49, 0x20, 0x91, 0xdd, 0x52, 0x2b, 0xa5, 0x75,
-    0xe1, 0xe4, 0xde, 0xef, 0x00, 0x02, 0xfd, 0x39, 0xb6, 0x2c, 0xbb, 0xe4, 0xf5, 0x4b, 0x49, 0x7d, 0xc7, 0x3c, 0xcd,
-    0x3d, 0x00, 0x91, 0x0a, 0xdd, 0x2c, 0x65, 0x61, 0x89, 0x12, 0x79, 0x36, 0x9e, 0xeb, 0xbc, 0xca, 0xd0, 0x43, 0xb7,
-    0xef, 0xdb, 0x25, 0xf2, 0xf0, 0x7c, 0x86, 0x03, 0x7c, 0xc7, 0x9c, 0x53, 0xbd, 0xc2, 0x84, 0xbc, 0x72, 0x56, 0xdc,
-    0x8f, 0xa1, 0xd4, 0x68, 0x22, 0x56, 0xe4, 0x66, 0x34, 0xc8, 0x7b, 0x46, 0x6e, 0xaa, 0xfd, 0x52, 0x5b, 0x33, 0x33,
-    0xd7, 0xb7, 0xad, 0x96, 0x71, 0x86, 0x72, 0x2f, 0xaa, 0x3a, 0xaa, 0xef, 0x49, 0x20, 0x3d, 0xcb, 0x19, 0xd7, 0x37,
-    0x6f, 0x56, 0x94, 0x5f, 0x2b, 0x95, 0x50, 0xf6, 0x0d, 0x35, 0x79, 0xcd, 0xec, 0x4b, 0xea, 0x1a, 0xe6, 0x29, 0xd2,
-    0x76, 0x3a, 0xf2, 0x5c, 0x14, 0x32, 0x68, 0x05, 0x7b, 0x9e, 0x3c, 0xba, 0xf6, 0x65, 0x5e, 0xe2, 0x2f, 0x2b, 0xcb,
-    0x88, 0x04, 0x68, 0xe4, 0x5f, 0x10, 0xcd, 0x0c, 0x54, 0xc5, 0xd3, 0x64, 0xe1, 0x24, 0x68, 0x71, 0xa2, 0x0d, 0x9e,
-    0xfd, 0x7e, 0xdb, 0xec, 0x83, 0x12, 0x2e, 0xaa, 0xd4, 0x7d, 0x4f, 0x13, 0xf2, 0xf0, 0x73, 0x91, 0xac, 0x65, 0xa0,
-    0xd7, 0x60, 0x9e, 0x26, 0x20, 0x15, 0x96, 0xc9, 0x58, 0xe8, 0x82, 0x9a, 0xd1, 0x4d, 0x93, 0xe9, 0x11, 0x5f, 0xde,
-    0xe2, 0xa2, 0xb8, 0xd5, 0x6a, 0xcb, 0x37, 0xb3, 0xb4, 0x63, 0xda, 0x02, 0xda, 0x1f, 0x3a, 0x81, 0x27, 0x6c, 0x1e,
-    0x0b, 0xef, 0x26, 0x27, 0x23, 0x8c, 0x3f, 0xf7, 0x72, 0xa4, 0x1d, 0x6a, 0x77, 0x42, 0xf4, 0xea, 0x40, 0xe0, 0xbe,
-    0x50, 0xb6, 0x62, 0xec, 0x4d, 0x12, 0x51, 0xdd, 0x7f, 0x40, 0xb7, 0xf6, 0xbf, 0x59, 0xbb, 0xf4, 0x45, 0xd0, 0x58,
-    0x09, 0x47, 0xd2, 0xfa, 0x6d, 0xa8, 0x3d, 0x44, 0x00, 0x4e, 0xaf, 0x82, 0x19, 0x76, 0xdb, 0x80, 0xd9, 0x71, 0x51,
-    0x8e, 0xfb, 0x7c, 0xc2, 0x32, 0x3f, 0xd0, 0x32, 0xba, 0xa9, 0xfd, 0x71, 0xfc, 0x21, 0x63, 0x96, 0xb6, 0x30, 0xb5,
-    0xaf, 0x1a, 0x7f, 0x69, 0xd0, 0x48, 0xc5, 0x79, 0xed, 0xd0, 0xc0, 0x4f, 0xec, 0x0b, 0x96, 0x83, 0x23, 0x41, 0x2f,
-    0xf3, 0xc1, 0x33, 0x97, 0x6a, 0xb0, 0xbc, 0x39, 0x72, 0xa0, 0x10, 0xb6, 0x14, 0xa1, 0x6c, 0xb0, 0xb5, 0xd2, 0x8a,
-    0x55, 0x4f, 0x18, 0x9b, 0xf7, 0xa7, 0xb7, 0x26, 0xb2, 0x29, 0x5b, 0x38, 0x4c, 0xf5, 0x85, 0x82, 0x64, 0x7f, 0x16,
-    0x77, 0x59, 0x26, 0xc0, 0x41, 0xc2, 0xf0, 0x82, 0x8e, 0x24, 0xdf, 0x07, 0x6f, 0xfa, 0x2c, 0x58, 0x18, 0x6d, 0x9b,
-    0x1f, 0x6d, 0xbd, 0x17, 0xcf, 0x2c, 0x88, 0x6f, 0x16, 0x14, 0xdb, 0xb2, 0xe2, 0x08, 0x4b, 0x35, 0x6c, 0x42, 0x68,
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-    0xb4, 0x2a, 0xd8, 0x84, 0xa1, 0xc9, 0x6d, 0x7e, 0xad, 0x02, 0xca, 0xc9, 0x64, 0x17, 0xb7, 0xc0, 0x37, 0xbf, 0x3e,
-    0x47, 0x77, 0x2d, 0x74, 0x9e, 0xf9, 0x9e, 0xf1, 0xf7, 0xef, 0x6f, 0x8e, 0xbf, 0xc2, 0xa3, 0x19, 0xab, 0x26, 0xac,
-    0xff, 0xf5, 0x4d, 0x48, 0x08, 0xa5, 0x40, 0x15, 0x01, 0x42, 0xa9, 0xac, 0x81, 0x75, 0x1d, 0x32, 0x73, 0x68, 0xe8,
-    0xfa, 0x47, 0x06, 0x39, 0x82, 0x1d, 0x36, 0xf6, 0x6d, 0x58, 0xf8, 0x5a, 0xa9, 0x83, 0xbd, 0x81, 0xa9, 0xb5, 0xb0,
-    0x4f, 0x5b, 0xa0, 0xce, 0xe6, 0x9c, 0x39, 0x82, 0xa0, 0x5b, 0x66, 0x66, 0xaa, 0xd2, 0x59, 0x9e, 0x69, 0x7e, 0x46,
-    0x7b, 0xc5, 0x7e, 0x5d, 0x02, 0x17, 0x64, 0xe9, 0x6c, 0x6e, 0x6d, 0x45, 0x81, 0xbb, 0x92, 0x2a, 0x9f, 0xb1, 0x75,
-    0x3c, 0x04, 0xc2, 0xcf, 0x13, 0x63, 0xbb, 0xc6, 0xe7, 0xc1, 0xd6, 0x27, 0xf9, 0x80, 0x96, 0xae, 0x0f, 0x5d, 0x72,
-    0xad, 0x8f, 0x11, 0xcc, 0x88, 0xa9, 0xfc, 0xf0, 0x86, 0xfa, 0x6e, 0x38, 0x70, 0x74, 0x9f, 0xe2, 0xa7, 0x4f, 0x3b,
-    0xe9, 0x92, 0x4f, 0x3f, 0xfe, 0x4b, 0x5e, 0xd9, 0x75, 0x08, 0x55, 0x2e, 0x53, 0xf0, 0x63, 0x9f, 0xaf, 0xab, 0xc9,
-    0xf6, 0xa6, 0xe2, 0x38, 0x10, 0x3f, 0xaa, 0x34, 0x99, 0xe8, 0x17, 0x77, 0x99, 0xc1, 0xf1, 0x3c, 0x44, 0x56, 0x7b,
-    0xe2, 0x5c, 0xd7, 0x93, 0x39, 0x97, 0x6d, 0x70, 0xa1, 0x11, 0x32, 0x75, 0x79, 0xe6, 0x65, 0x9f, 0x13, 0x58, 0xd4,
-    0x4c, 0xca, 0xee, 0x6b, 0x8c, 0xc7, 0xd7, 0x96, 0xd3, 0xf4, 0x2c, 0xa4, 0x50, 0x37, 0x1d, 0x2e, 0x68, 0x08, 0x15,
-    0xd0, 0xe0, 0xe7, 0x6f, 0x4a, 0xd9, 0x98, 0xb8, 0x19, 0xc9, 0x7f, 0xf0, 0xc8, 0xa4, 0x99, 0x32, 0x1e, 0xe9, 0xb3,
-    0x5a, 0xb3, 0x3c, 0xe8, 0x88, 0x2d, 0x65, 0xd9, 0xc7, 0xf8, 0x3a, 0xb5, 0x90, 0xfd, 0x35, 0xfd, 0x3e, 0xdd, 0x62,
-    0x94, 0x5a, 0xca, 0x93, 0x8e, 0x84, 0xda, 0xfa, 0xb2, 0x1f, 0x44, 0xa4, 0x2e, 0xf0, 0x50, 0x13, 0xb1, 0x5e, 0xc6,
-    0x74, 0x30, 0x98, 0x2a, 0xda, 0x6f, 0x4f, 0x77, 0xab, 0xd3, 0x37, 0x9b, 0x6a, 0x11, 0xe2, 0xfa, 0x40, 0xea, 0x63,
-    0x58, 0x4d, 0x94, 0x9d, 0x1d, 0x7a, 0x09, 0x07, 0xc1, 0x03, 0xa3, 0x73, 0x05, 0x37, 0x19, 0x2e, 0x62, 0xd6, 0x99,
-    0x07, 0xdc, 0x25, 0xe5, 0x70, 0x82, 0x38, 0xaf, 0xd0, 0xd5, 0xba, 0x0b, 0xe3, 0x5a, 0xbe, 0xc9, 0xbb, 0xd3, 0xa9,
-    0xa4, 0x4e, 0x79, 0xb8, 0x01, 0x6d, 0xa4, 0x36, 0xbd, 0x53, 0x6c, 0x1f, 0xb8, 0x55, 0xfb, 0xef, 0x37, 0x20, 0x93,
-    0xbd, 0xcf, 0x1f, 0x38, 0xa0, 0x21, 0x08, 0xd9, 0xe3, 0xe5, 0xf8, 0x02, 0x9d, 0x45, 0xdd, 0x5a, 0x77, 0x75, 0xda,
-    0x5d, 0x6f, 0xa1, 0x2a, 0xeb, 0x23, 0x2e, 0x98, 0x9c, 0xa1, 0xc3, 0xb6, 0x95, 0x42, 0x3f, 0x86, 0x9e, 0xc4, 0xbc,
-    0xbc, 0xb2, 0x36, 0xac, 0x93, 0x13, 0x7b, 0xc1, 0xd5, 0xbe, 0xf9, 0x83, 0xf8, 0x0c, 0x30, 0x8b, 0xb9, 0xe9, 0xcd,
-    0xb3, 0xea, 0x0b, 0x31, 0x44, 0xc6, 0x35, 0x1c, 0x61, 0x02, 0x3e, 0xa0, 0xfa, 0x0f, 0x0e, 0x2d, 0x86, 0xab, 0xe3,
-    0x52, 0x83, 0xe9, 0xf8, 0xc1, 0x17, 0xd5, 0x11, 0x12, 0xd3, 0x8e, 0xc7, 0x06, 0xac, 0x31, 0xd4, 0xa0, 0x83, 0x5b,
-    0xd3, 0x28, 0x40, 0x10, 0xdb, 0xd7, 0xcf, 0x0d, 0x6e, 0xbf, 0x7b, 0xd7, 0xbb, 0x22, 0xe1, 0xdc, 0xbe, 0x6c, 0x80,
-    0x39, 0x61, 0x30, 0x3a, 0x9d, 0xad, 0x6b, 0xa2, 0x2f, 0xea, 0xf7, 0x85, 0x2d, 0xf4, 0x40, 0x6e, 0x4c, 0x78, 0x04,
-    0x0b, 0x15, 0x77, 0x90, 0x33, 0xa8, 0x80, 0xfb, 0x0b, 0x7a, 0xc0, 0x82, 0x94, 0xf1, 0x89, 0x78, 0x87, 0xd6, 0x31,
-    0x42, 0x0d, 0x2c, 0x38, 0x56, 0x1a, 0x86, 0x03, 0x06, 0xc1, 0xf1, 0x59, 0xd6, 0x88, 0xbc, 0x53, 0x23, 0xf8, 0x2b,
-    0x1a, 0x45, 0xeb, 0x58, 0x4a, 0x0a, 0x15, 0xac, 0xe9, 0xec, 0x6b, 0x45, 0xc4, 0xab, 0x29, 0xe8, 0x04, 0x18, 0xd2,
-    0x9e, 0x38, 0xfb, 0x74, 0x17, 0xc9, 0xa2, 0x7a, 0xcf, 0x2e, 0x12, 0xe1, 0x2e, 0x03, 0x52, 0xc4, 0x81, 0x4f, 0x87,
-    0xd5, 0x74, 0x55, 0x6e, 0xee, 0xa1, 0xad, 0xbd, 0x8b, 0x1d, 0x9d, 0x06, 0xc1, 0xe4, 0xd8, 0xb3, 0xe1, 0x46, 0x2f,
-    0x0a, 0x0e, 0x5b, 0x49, 0xd9, 0xaf, 0x22, 0x9c, 0x70, 0xeb, 0xb9, 0x16, 0x2a, 0x1d, 0x34, 0x17, 0x7f, 0xba, 0x42,
-    0x2f, 0x21, 0xd4, 0xf6, 0x4c, 0x23, 0x4e, 0x2f, 0xc1, 0xd8, 0x6e, 0xfe, 0x53, 0xb7, 0x0c, 0xda, 0xdc, 0xda, 0xbb,
-    0xf4, 0xd6, 0x86, 0xb3, 0x49, 0x65, 0x56, 0x0e, 0xba, 0x17, 0xa5, 0xbb, 0x1c, 0xe3, 0x0c, 0x46, 0xf1, 0x49, 0x3e,
-    0xd3, 0xaa, 0xf4, 0xd8, 0xef, 0x36, 0x78, 0xc4, 0x3e, 0xda, 0xc6, 0xd8, 0x21, 0x16, 0x58, 0xe4, 0x78, 0x76, 0x02,
-    0x35, 0x0e, 0x8d, 0x78, 0x4d, 0x11, 0x5a, 0x52, 0x7b, 0x87, 0x8f, 0x3e, 0xf6, 0xd6, 0xca, 0x77, 0xe4, 0xc5, 0x5a,
-    0x04, 0x50, 0x83, 0x9a, 0x56, 0x09, 0xdd, 0xa5, 0x9b, 0x67, 0xbc, 0x06, 0x2c, 0x3a, 0x0a, 0x87, 0x28, 0xdf, 0x39,
-    0x57, 0xd0, 0x8e, 0xb6, 0x48, 0x64, 0x1d, 0xa3, 0xa9, 0x14, 0xb9, 0xfe, 0xc3, 0x32, 0x0d, 0x9a, 0x1f, 0xdb, 0x57,
-    0x90, 0xbd, 0x39, 0x1f, 0xf3, 0x3f, 0x9e, 0xb3, 0x2f, 0xd9, 0x5e, 0x17, 0x00, 0xae, 0x9f, 0xfd, 0x63, 0x62, 0xf2,
-    0x67, 0x16, 0x86, 0xf9, 0x0f, 0xf5, 0x09, 0x6f, 0x02, 0xff, 0x04, 0xcf, 0x59, 0x62, 0xbc, 0x97, 0xe2, 0x3c, 0xc5,
-    0x33, 0x97, 0x40, 0x6f, 0x4b, 0xbe, 0x6c, 0x01, 0xbc, 0xb8, 0xd4, 0xbc, 0x5d, 0x70, 0x36, 0x46, 0x14, 0xa8, 0xbe,
-    0xd5, 0x93, 0x5c, 0x0e, 0xba, 0x51, 0x8a, 0xb8, 0xe9, 0xb7, 0x0a, 0x34, 0xa3, 0x55, 0x62, 0x76, 0x19, 0x7a, 0xb1,
-    0x74, 0x9c, 0xab, 0xf0, 0x33, 0x19, 0x6c, 0x83, 0x7d, 0x22, 0xc2, 0x65, 0xd2, 0x63, 0x84, 0xbf, 0x4d, 0x91, 0x7c,
-    0xab, 0xc3, 0xf5, 0x83, 0xc6, 0xbf, 0xee, 0xfd, 0xfa, 0xd5, 0xe3, 0x8b, 0x9b, 0x86, 0xb0, 0x7a, 0xa0, 0x7c, 0x72,
-    0xb6, 0xde, 0xed, 0x4c, 0x0f, 0x03, 0xc5, 0x43, 0x61, 0x34, 0x3a, 0xc6, 0x49, 0x61, 0x36, 0x9b, 0x75, 0xfd, 0xd0,
-    0xf5, 0x1f, 0x39, 0x1d, 0x48, 0xb0, 0x0c, 0xe5, 0xde, 0x9d, 0x81, 0x79, 0xbd, 0x35, 0x90, 0xb5, 0x5c, 0xe5, 0xc0,
-    0x9d, 0x9e, 0xa9, 0xde, 0x8e, 0x14, 0x8e, 0x78, 0xa4, 0x15, 0xee, 0xcc, 0x5e, 0x66, 0x03, 0xba, 0x8b, 0x73, 0x45,
-    0x77, 0xce, 0x29, 0x59, 0x44, 0x96, 0x9f, 0xf4, 0x8e, 0xde, 0xec, 0xf8, 0xd8, 0xbd, 0x2b, 0x09, 0x2c, 0xff, 0x6f,
-    0xd4, 0xa1, 0x7a, 0x48, 0x8c, 0x14, 0x9e, 0x45, 0xb1, 0xb1, 0x2a, 0x86, 0xef, 0xf0, 0x5b, 0xc9, 0x53, 0xed, 0x15,
-    0xc3, 0x02, 0xdf, 0x35, 0xcc, 0xdd, 0x3a, 0x12, 0xbc, 0x4c, 0xc7, 0x80, 0x47, 0x62, 0xc0, 0x6f, 0x36, 0x8f, 0x08,
-    0x5d, 0x27, 0x7b, 0x1c, 0x3f, 0x05, 0xe1, 0xc6, 0x15, 0x94, 0x33, 0x23, 0x7c, 0x83, 0x91, 0x83, 0xa7, 0x98, 0x3f,
-    0xde, 0xdc, 0x41, 0xf5, 0xf1, 0xc3, 0xbe, 0x58, 0x7b, 0xf0, 0xd7, 0x02, 0xac, 0x81, 0x3c, 0xda, 0x50, 0x3d, 0x4b,
-    0xf5, 0xce, 0xfd, 0x35, 0x4f, 0x0b, 0x7e, 0x46, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x5b, 0x9c, 0x23, 0x5f, 0xe2, 0xed, 0xb6, 0x13, 0x6f,
-    0x77, 0x7d, 0x6b, 0x7e, 0xd4, 0x08, 0x10, 0x36, 0xbf, 0x2d, 0xdb, 0xfa, 0xc3, 0xc5, 0xed, 0x97, 0xf6, 0xce, 0x60,
-    0x07, 0xb8, 0xc4, 0x80, 0x8d, 0xae, 0x8b, 0xd8, 0xe6, 0x8c, 0x1b, 0x63, 0x17, 0x71, 0xd8, 0x00, 0xa4, 0x8a, 0x98,
-    0x08, 0x4d, 0xe5, 0x28, 0x04, 0x83, 0xa1, 0x37, 0x7d, 0x1f, 0xef, 0x33, 0x0f, 0xb0, 0x01, 0x9b, 0x4c, 0x6d, 0x42,
-    0xd8, 0x98, 0x54, 0xb7, 0x7e, 0x1d, 0xa1, 0x2c, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xd2, 0x9a, 0x2b, 0x0b, 0x42, 0x9f, 0xb7, 0xfe, 0x56,
-    0xc3, 0x36, 0xd7, 0xf8, 0xb7, 0x58, 0x44, 0xfc, 0x98, 0x72, 0xd8, 0x5f, 0xc2, 0xa7, 0x0b, 0xc7, 0xe8, 0xe8, 0x93,
-    0xc6, 0x99, 0x71, 0xaa, 0xae, 0x95, 0xfe, 0x56, 0xc6, 0x43, 0x1f, 0xdf, 0xdd, 0x98, 0x2a, 0x3b, 0xf4, 0x12, 0x2c,
-    0x3a, 0x0a, 0xe3, 0x21, 0x9e, 0x06, 0x75, 0x1d, 0x47, 0x32, 0x98, 0xba, 0xc7, 0x99, 0xbe, 0xda, 0xce, 0xa2, 0xb8,
-    0x8c, 0xd8, 0x79, 0x5f, 0x5a, 0x2d, 0xe3, 0xa0, 0x5a, 0xb8, 0x88, 0x8e, 0x19, 0xd4, 0x22, 0xe2, 0x9d, 0x7a, 0xf1,
-    0x24, 0xf9, 0x98, 0xd3, 0x71, 0xa0, 0x74, 0x2d, 0x69, 0x8f, 0x05, 0x34, 0x44, 0x66, 0x14, 0x5e, 0xfa, 0xa9, 0x9b,
-    0xfd, 0xd3, 0xf8, 0x7f, 0x5d, 0x6e, 0xb6, 0xdb, 0x63, 0xbb, 0x12, 0x85, 0x39, 0x4d, 0x0e, 0x81, 0xb6, 0xe0, 0x3b,
-    0x6e, 0xf5, 0x31, 0x47, 0xc6, 0x78, 0xad, 0x4b, 0xfa, 0xa5, 0xad, 0x3a, 0x8f, 0xda, 0x35, 0x5a, 0xbf, 0xc0, 0x51,
-    0x21, 0xb4, 0xd3, 0x6c, 0xb4, 0x8b, 0x0f, 0x7c, 0xde, 0x3c, 0x98, 0x86, 0x26, 0x14, 0x53, 0x4b, 0xf5, 0x90, 0x39,
-    0x2a, 0x9f, 0xe3, 0xf4, 0x1e, 0x80, 0x8a, 0x48, 0x7b, 0xf7, 0x7e, 0xa6, 0xde, 0x5f, 0x6b, 0x86, 0xee, 0xa3, 0x56,
-    0xca, 0x48, 0xf8, 0x6d, 0x87, 0x90, 0xb0, 0x0a, 0x49, 0x18, 0x3b, 0x27, 0xca, 0x59, 0xd6, 0x36, 0x86, 0x96, 0xf7,
-    0x87, 0x83, 0xe7, 0x89, 0x56, 0xcb, 0xb8, 0xc5, 0x23, 0x72, 0xbb, 0xf7, 0x99, 0x48, 0xf5, 0xa2, 0xea, 0xf2, 0x08,
-    0x82, 0x45, 0x27, 0x32, 0xd2, 0x5f, 0x8c, 0xda, 0x71, 0x02, 0xfd, 0x7b, 0xf9, 0x53, 0x50, 0x52, 0xd4, 0x0a, 0xa7,
-    0x8c, 0x75, 0x13, 0x9d, 0x68, 0x29, 0xc2, 0xc8, 0xa6, 0xaf, 0x82, 0xff, 0x04, 0x37, 0x58, 0x79, 0x77, 0xcf, 0x33,
-    0xa2, 0x6a, 0xe1, 0x11, 0x45, 0x32, 0x26, 0xee, 0x7e, 0x0e, 0xb3, 0x84, 0x5e, 0x7a, 0x77, 0xad, 0x75, 0xea, 0x9c,
-    0x2e, 0xde, 0x04, 0x51, 0x0a, 0xa2, 0xbb, 0xcf, 0xf1, 0x13, 0xe3, 0x00, 0xe9, 0x06, 0xf8, 0xe7, 0x04, 0xc9, 0x29,
-    0x4f, 0x54, 0x5e, 0x06, 0xd3, 0x36, 0xa4, 0x60, 0xf8, 0x58, 0xef, 0xc1, 0x8d, 0x37, 0x7c, 0xb9, 0x9c, 0xfa, 0xe6,
-    0xcd, 0x23, 0x57, 0x3d, 0xc4, 0xd3, 0x38, 0xef, 0x6c, 0x5a, 0x26, 0xf8, 0x48, 0x12, 0xff, 0xac, 0x4d, 0xec, 0xb6,
-    0x6c, 0xd2, 0xf3, 0xa6, 0xdb, 0xc2, 0xd9, 0xbd, 0x65, 0x0e, 0xb2, 0xd8, 0xf4, 0x05, 0x20, 0xe5, 0x80, 0xd6, 0xc5,
-    0x2e, 0x0a, 0x05, 0x71, 0x1a, 0xe0, 0x02, 0x30, 0x42, 0x4b, 0x2c, 0x56, 0xe0, 0x89, 0xc6, 0xd3, 0x2c, 0xa7, 0xc5,
-    0x36, 0x78, 0x37, 0x82, 0x67, 0x89, 0x5c, 0x4a, 0xd3, 0x90, 0x36, 0xb5, 0x94, 0xf0, 0xcc, 0xa9, 0xf5, 0x6d, 0x9a,
-    0x6e, 0x6a, 0x93, 0xd9, 0x7c, 0xec, 0x8a, 0x15, 0x6d, 0xe8, 0xe0, 0x0e, 0x26, 0xd1, 0x16, 0x42, 0x36, 0x6a, 0x20,
-    0xdb, 0xec, 0x4f, 0x59, 0xb2, 0xd3, 0x54, 0xa1, 0x27, 0xb5, 0x6e, 0x89, 0x16, 0x47, 0xa6, 0xde, 0xcd, 0x02, 0x49,
-    0xb0, 0x85, 0x86, 0x63, 0x61, 0x45, 0xd3, 0xe3, 0x7b, 0xee, 0xa3, 0x63, 0x60, 0xa1, 0x96, 0x9e, 0xc6, 0x1c, 0xbd,
-    0x33, 0x88, 0x69, 0xd6, 0x32, 0xb2, 0x65, 0xe3, 0xf3, 0x1e};
+const uint8_t INDEX_BR[] PROGMEM = {
+    0x5b, 0x05, 0x7b, 0x53, 0xc1, 0xb6, 0x69, 0x3d, 0x41, 0xeb, 0x04, 0x30, 0xf6, 0xd6, 0x77, 0x35, 0xdb, 0xa3, 0x08,
+    0x36, 0x0e, 0x04, 0x80, 0x90, 0x4f, 0xf1, 0xb2, 0x21, 0xa4, 0x82, 0xee, 0x00, 0xaa, 0x20, 0x7f, 0x3b, 0xff, 0x00,
+    0xaa, 0x9a, 0x73, 0x74, 0x8c, 0xe1, 0xa6, 0x1f, 0xa0, 0xa2, 0x59, 0xf5, 0xaa, 0x92, 0x79, 0x50, 0x43, 0x1f, 0xe8,
+    0x3c, 0x52, 0x68, 0x2c, 0xf6, 0x36, 0x31, 0x90, 0x4e, 0x2b, 0x91, 0x69, 0x38, 0xb4, 0x61, 0xa7, 0xbb, 0x57, 0x79,
+    0x3b, 0x6d, 0x62, 0x85, 0x9f, 0x24, 0x24, 0xda, 0x45, 0xc1, 0xe2, 0x85, 0x44, 0x50, 0x6c, 0x8c, 0x1e, 0xab, 0xbb,
+    0x7b, 0x1e, 0x30, 0x98, 0x59, 0xe5, 0xb9, 0xd1, 0x34, 0x03, 0x0b, 0x79, 0x37, 0x8c, 0x4b, 0x68, 0x2c, 0xbe, 0x21,
+    0xcc, 0x30, 0xc4, 0x9c, 0x4d, 0x34, 0xd6, 0x01, 0xc1, 0xe1, 0x66, 0x48, 0x3c, 0x94, 0xf4, 0x3c, 0x5b, 0x12, 0xfd,
+    0x15, 0xb4, 0x05, 0xdb, 0xaf, 0xc1, 0x59, 0x5d, 0x9f, 0xc5, 0x8d, 0xaf, 0xf7, 0xc6, 0x5f, 0x58, 0xfb, 0xc3, 0x74,
+    0x45, 0x97, 0x23, 0xac, 0x2e, 0x4a, 0xb9, 0xab, 0xd7, 0x5b, 0xe5, 0x85, 0x6f, 0x21, 0xba, 0x7e, 0xa3, 0x57, 0xa5,
+    0xb3, 0x24, 0x7e, 0x60, 0x30, 0x0e, 0x15, 0x1f, 0x04, 0x5e, 0xba, 0x06, 0x04, 0xff, 0x02, 0x26, 0x2d, 0x03, 0x6c,
+    0x97, 0x1b, 0x23, 0x84, 0x28, 0x25, 0xb4, 0xe2, 0xca, 0xbd, 0xc8, 0xc3, 0x96, 0x4a, 0xef, 0xed, 0xe7, 0x65, 0x4f,
+    0xb2, 0x2d, 0x6c, 0x02, 0x91, 0x04, 0x76, 0xae, 0xba, 0x67, 0x9c, 0xe3, 0x38, 0xd6, 0x96, 0x61, 0x0c, 0xd3, 0x80,
+    0xe4, 0x4a, 0x43, 0x2e, 0x92, 0xff, 0xa7, 0xdb, 0xd2, 0xec, 0xf5, 0xf5, 0x90, 0x4a, 0x22, 0x74, 0x92, 0x40, 0x80,
+    0xed, 0x2b, 0xb5, 0xbc, 0xb6, 0xe0, 0x71, 0xda, 0x35, 0x3b, 0xe9, 0xec, 0xeb, 0xac, 0xbe, 0x6a, 0x2f, 0xf0, 0xde,
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+    0xe2, 0x00, 0x99, 0x97, 0xd4, 0x86, 0x71, 0xcd, 0x62, 0x2f, 0xe8, 0x56, 0x42, 0x7d, 0x6e, 0x9f, 0x01, 0x07, 0x37,
+    0x37, 0xbd, 0xa7, 0x56, 0x03, 0x80, 0x45, 0x1c, 0x5d, 0xc3, 0x8e, 0x27, 0xe0, 0x13, 0x4a, 0x05, 0x61, 0x8f, 0x63,
+    0x54, 0x29, 0x5d, 0xaa, 0x47, 0x1d, 0x3f, 0x0f, 0xa3, 0x3a, 0x10, 0x20, 0xe0, 0xf1, 0x98, 0xc7, 0x82, 0x44, 0x0d,
+    0xea, 0x3c, 0x9a, 0xf2, 0x0a, 0x3e, 0x44, 0x02, 0xf6, 0x5d, 0xaf, 0xef, 0xc6, 0x37, 0xc3, 0x2b, 0x02, 0x5b, 0xf8,
+    0x25, 0x8d, 0x6c, 0x23, 0x34, 0x8a, 0x47, 0xb9, 0x75, 0x4d, 0xf4, 0x45, 0x6d, 0xc7, 0xcc, 0x0b, 0x41, 0x56, 0x4f,
+    0x78, 0x06, 0x0b, 0xe5, 0x82, 0xe0, 0x0b, 0xab, 0x80, 0xfb, 0x73, 0xa2, 0x1f, 0x83, 0x94, 0x1e, 0x8a, 0xe8, 0x88,
+    0xd6, 0x91, 0xa9, 0xc1, 0x71, 0x8f, 0x65, 0x89, 0xe1, 0x3c, 0x42, 0xb0, 0xdb, 0x96, 0x35, 0x22, 0xab, 0xd5, 0x08,
+    0x7e, 0xf3, 0x52, 0xd1, 0x3a, 0xa4, 0x24, 0x85, 0x0a, 0xd6, 0xd4, 0xf4, 0x5a, 0x10, 0xa9, 0x45, 0xe7, 0x7f, 0x02,
+    0xc4, 0x69, 0x4f, 0x34, 0xad, 0xf6, 0x9c, 0x5a, 0x54, 0x1c, 0xda, 0x46, 0xc2, 0xdc, 0xa5, 0xc0, 0x95, 0x38, 0x70,
+    0x00, 0xb1, 0xf4, 0xae, 0x48, 0xe4, 0x3d, 0xb4, 0x3f, 0xb8, 0x42, 0x9a, 0x4e, 0x8d, 0x77, 0x72, 0xca, 0x0d, 0x52,
+    0x75, 0x61, 0xe4, 0x34, 0x12, 0x93, 0x2a, 0x27, 0x8c, 0x50, 0xc5, 0xed, 0x5a, 0x2d, 0xe1, 0xd4, 0x1b, 0xb7, 0x03,
+    0x4f, 0x01, 0xef, 0x92, 0x21, 0x6c, 0xaf, 0x35, 0xe2, 0xcc, 0x18, 0xba, 0x7c, 0xf3, 0x9f, 0xba, 0x9d, 0x53, 0xfb,
+    0x65, 0x70, 0x45, 0x87, 0x81, 0xaf, 0xc6, 0xab, 0x30, 0x79, 0x4a, 0x61, 0x5a, 0xfd, 0xa5, 0xeb, 0x33, 0x18, 0xf2,
+    0x27, 0xf9, 0x4c, 0x43, 0x22, 0x48, 0xf1, 0x36, 0x7c, 0x78, 0x3f, 0xda, 0x06, 0xe4, 0x21, 0x70, 0x98, 0x8f, 0xc1,
+    0xef, 0x44, 0xf6, 0x41, 0x6b, 0x44, 0x77, 0x8a, 0xb0, 0x20, 0x35, 0x77, 0xf8, 0xe8, 0x90, 0x6f, 0x1e, 0xea, 0x91,
+    0x5c, 0x5e, 0x83, 0x00, 0x0a, 0x56, 0xd3, 0xc2, 0x9e, 0x3e, 0xb7, 0x79, 0xc6, 0x7b, 0xd0, 0x44, 0x47, 0xe1, 0x10,
+    0x13, 0x3c, 0xe7, 0x0c, 0xed, 0x68, 0x27, 0x87, 0xe1, 0x31, 0xf4, 0x4a, 0x61, 0xee, 0x3f, 0x23, 0x72, 0xc3, 0xf9,
+    0xb9, 0x9e, 0x31, 0x8d, 0x72, 0x9e, 0xb2, 0xaf, 0x57, 0x8d, 0x1e, 0xff, 0xb1, 0x03, 0x70, 0xff, 0xf4, 0xd7, 0x84,
+    0xe4, 0x4f, 0x75, 0x0a, 0xdf, 0x57, 0x96, 0x84, 0xb7, 0x02, 0xff, 0x06, 0xaf, 0x59, 0x62, 0x70, 0x98, 0x82, 0x42,
+    0xf9, 0x6b, 0x0b, 0x42, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x72, 0x6d, 0x0e, 0x97, 0xcf, 0x99, 0xe4, 0x0b, 0xb6, 0x09, 0xb5, 0x3e, 0x2b,
+    0x70, 0xf0, 0xa6, 0xc9, 0x72, 0x3a, 0x8e, 0x9c, 0xf9, 0xad, 0xd8, 0x5c, 0x37, 0x26, 0x79, 0x14, 0x29, 0xfa, 0xcd,
+    0xf4, 0x46, 0xde, 0x78, 0xb3, 0x10, 0x6d, 0x87, 0x5e, 0x9a, 0xd6, 0x8f, 0x2f, 0x08, 0x3f, 0x0d, 0xcb, 0x89, 0xd9,
+    0x1f, 0x7c, 0x2f, 0xb0, 0xba, 0xc4, 0xc5, 0x80, 0x0c, 0xc3, 0xee, 0x58, 0xb0, 0x0e, 0x57, 0xd7, 0x68, 0xca, 0xb8,
+    0x1c, 0xa4, 0x8a, 0x96, 0xee, 0x08, 0xa1, 0x9b, 0xb8, 0x28, 0xed, 0x4c, 0xd9, 0x7b, 0xf9, 0x3b, 0xb4, 0xfa, 0xb5,
+    0x2a, 0xde, 0x5d, 0x12, 0x3e, 0xf8, 0xee, 0x5d, 0xd0, 0xdf, 0x74, 0xc8, 0xc6, 0xba, 0x5f, 0x3e, 0xbe, 0x54, 0x4d,
+    0x16, 0x46, 0x83, 0x99, 0x4f, 0x79, 0x73, 0x76, 0x57, 0x65, 0x94, 0xd4, 0x35, 0x14, 0x46, 0x62, 0x8f, 0x1c, 0xe7,
+    0xbd, 0x33, 0x59, 0xd7, 0xbb, 0x8e, 0x55, 0xe9, 0xf2, 0xb3, 0x04, 0x8b, 0xd6, 0x72, 0xef, 0xfe, 0x2c, 0xd5, 0xa7,
+    0x50, 0x03, 0x69, 0xb3, 0x81, 0x0e, 0xdd, 0x46, 0x9b, 0x68, 0x9c, 0x49, 0xa0, 0xb4, 0x87, 0x2b, 0x2f, 0x6a, 0xfa,
+    0x2c, 0x26, 0xd0, 0xba, 0x9d, 0x2d, 0x74, 0xb6, 0x0b, 0x4a, 0x83, 0xdb, 0x3f, 0xee, 0x76, 0xe9, 0xcc, 0xe0, 0xe3,
+    0xfd, 0x83, 0x0c, 0xcb, 0xff, 0x1b, 0x55, 0xec, 0x9e, 0x1c, 0x80, 0x86, 0x35, 0x6f, 0x9b, 0x44, 0x44, 0x48, 0x58,
+    0xdc, 0x7c, 0x72, 0xec, 0xfb, 0xc6, 0x97, 0xe8, 0xb9, 0xa1, 0x27, 0xe3, 0xc4, 0xf5, 0x52, 0x9d, 0xb2, 0x1e, 0x89,
+    0x01, 0x7f, 0xd2, 0x39, 0x90, 0x68, 0x6b, 0x9a, 0xdd, 0x0e, 0xca, 0x81, 0xdd, 0x9b, 0x03, 0xeb, 0x8f, 0xf9, 0x06,
+    0x23, 0x07, 0x2b, 0x9b, 0x3f, 0xb5, 0xb9, 0xed, 0xb4, 0x0e, 0x9f, 0x4d, 0xc6, 0xd2, 0xe3, 0xe1, 0x2b, 0xab, 0x23,
+    0xb4, 0x35, 0x92, 0x15, 0x83, 0x6a, 0x6f, 0xf7, 0x63, 0x0f, 0x22, 0x7e, 0xa6, 0xee, 0xde, 0x45, 0xdd, 0xa1, 0xa5,
+    0x67, 0xf6, 0xf6, 0xe0, 0xb1, 0x7f, 0x60, 0x8d, 0x43, 0xdd, 0xcb, 0x05, 0x08, 0x4b, 0xdc, 0x51, 0xd6, 0x56, 0x71,
+    0x71, 0xfb, 0xe7, 0xd7, 0x0f, 0x9a, 0x83, 0x40, 0xe5, 0x70, 0x30, 0xd1, 0x8b, 0x11, 0xeb, 0xc8, 0xb1, 0x63, 0x18,
+    0x23, 0x76, 0x73, 0x80, 0x94, 0x11, 0x23, 0xcd, 0x29, 0xdf, 0x07, 0x63, 0x5c, 0xf4, 0x46, 0xed, 0xc2, 0x86, 0x79,
+    0x80, 0x15, 0xee, 0xa4, 0xaa, 0xc3, 0xc2, 0xc4, 0xfc, 0xba, 0xb5, 0x49, 0x72, 0xde, 0x91, 0xf5, 0xa9, 0xd9, 0xbb,
+    0x12, 0x84, 0x3e, 0x1f, 0xfe, 0x8d, 0x8a, 0x78, 0xae, 0xb3, 0x87, 0x60, 0x02, 0x7e, 0xac, 0x3a, 0xec, 0x6f, 0xc1,
+    0xa7, 0x0d, 0x27, 0xea, 0xe8, 0x93, 0xd1, 0x59, 0xe1, 0x80, 0x5d, 0x6b, 0xfa, 0x50, 0xc6, 0x43, 0x8f, 0x59, 0x18,
+    0x2b, 0xd3, 0x5b, 0x15, 0x94, 0x0d, 0x9b, 0xa9, 0x2e, 0xa9, 0x06, 0xaa, 0x4c, 0x26, 0x99, 0x4c, 0xd9, 0x42, 0xce,
+    0x00, 0xb6, 0xf7, 0x41, 0x72, 0x85, 0x88, 0x7a, 0x5f, 0x5a, 0x8f, 0xcc, 0x22, 0xae, 0x91, 0x23, 0xda, 0x63, 0x50,
+    0x8b, 0x88, 0x77, 0x6a, 0x75, 0x94, 0xe4, 0xa3, 0x2f, 0x1f, 0x82, 0xd0, 0xb5, 0xa4, 0x3f, 0x9b, 0xa1, 0x84, 0x65,
+    0x46, 0x2e, 0xdb, 0x4f, 0xdc, 0xbd, 0x3f, 0x8d, 0x7f, 0x9a, 0x08, 0x6d, 0x97, 0x67, 0xeb, 0xc1, 0xc8, 0xb5, 0x34,
+    0x95, 0xd7, 0xb8, 0xa5, 0xc6, 0xb8, 0xe0, 0xa7, 0x38, 0xd2, 0xe6, 0x6b, 0xcd, 0xd3, 0x43, 0xdd, 0x7a, 0x1e, 0xb5,
+    0x0f, 0xb2, 0xb6, 0x0e, 0xec, 0xc5, 0x42, 0x7b, 0x0a, 0x7b, 0xe7, 0xf8, 0xd0, 0xfd, 0xc5, 0xad, 0xcb, 0x4d, 0x95,
+    0x8f, 0xce, 0x5c, 0x48, 0x64, 0x8e, 0x8a, 0xb7, 0x38, 0xc8, 0x07, 0xa0, 0x22, 0x92, 0xe1, 0xbd, 0x5b, 0x1e, 0x36,
+    0xcf, 0xba, 0x47, 0x3d, 0xf6, 0xa0, 0x8c, 0x84, 0x8f, 0x77, 0x08, 0x89, 0x52, 0x21, 0xf6, 0xfc, 0x67, 0x92, 0x72,
+    0x16, 0x0d, 0x95, 0xb7, 0x65, 0xe5, 0xf4, 0xf5, 0x3c, 0x92, 0x6a, 0x19, 0x0f, 0x78, 0x4f, 0x6e, 0xb6, 0x96, 0x13,
+    0xc5, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xda, 0x5c, 0x82, 0xa0, 0x6c, 0xf4, 0x86, 0xdb, 0xb7, 0x11, 0x3b, 0x4e, 0xa0, 0x6d, 0xdb, 0x9f,
+    0x5c, 0x2c, 0x45, 0xa9, 0x70, 0xc2, 0x58, 0x37, 0x39, 0x8a, 0xe6, 0x10, 0x86, 0x37, 0x6b, 0xab, 0x09, 0x1f, 0x70,
+    0xc3, 0x31, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x29, 0x87, 0x55, 0x2d, 0x9c, 0xa3, 0x48, 0xc6, 0xc4, 0xde, 0x2e, 0xa3, 0xdb, 0x5b, 0x85,
+    0xfe, 0x13, 0xb2, 0xeb, 0xac, 0x56, 0xde, 0x04, 0x5f, 0x29, 0x88, 0x6c, 0xee, 0xc7, 0x67, 0xc6, 0x01, 0xd2, 0x0d,
+    0xf0, 0xd7, 0x0a, 0x92, 0x55, 0x9e, 0xa8, 0xbc, 0x0a, 0x4c, 0xd3, 0x90, 0x82, 0xe1, 0x53, 0x7a, 0x0f, 0x96, 0xbc,
+    0xe6, 0xcb, 0x66, 0xd7, 0x37, 0x17, 0x3f, 0xac, 0xf5, 0x10, 0x2f, 0x3b, 0xbd, 0xb5, 0x2a, 0x9c, 0xe0, 0x31, 0x49,
+    0xfc, 0xba, 0xf4, 0xb3, 0xfd, 0x60, 0xe3, 0x96, 0x42, 0xed, 0x07, 0x9c, 0xd9, 0xba, 0xe7, 0x30, 0xb3, 0x49, 0x9f,
+    0x01, 0x12, 0x16, 0x68, 0xdd, 0xc7, 0x22, 0x53, 0x60, 0xab, 0x01, 0x6e, 0x00, 0x23, 0xb6, 0x7d, 0xc8, 0x1e, 0xbd,
+    0x29, 0x92, 0x2d, 0xe4, 0x7b, 0x3a, 0x72, 0xfb, 0x53, 0x4c, 0xef, 0x17, 0x75, 0x20, 0x9a, 0xaf, 0x03, 0x6e, 0xeb,
+    0x81, 0x77, 0x1c, 0xa4, 0x48, 0x5c, 0x21, 0xa6, 0x49, 0xf7, 0x15, 0x5a, 0xb5, 0xba, 0x9b, 0x5c, 0xf6, 0xe7, 0x8e,
+    0x93, 0xb5, 0xde, 0x86, 0xbb, 0xd8, 0xcf, 0xaa, 0x1d, 0xd2, 0x51, 0x03, 0xf8, 0xd2, 0xaf, 0x0c, 0x74, 0x7a, 0x9a,
+    0xc2, 0x77, 0x25, 0x96, 0x4d, 0x08, 0x98, 0x3b, 0x28, 0xec, 0x2c, 0x90, 0x04, 0x2b, 0x9c, 0x38, 0x96, 0x77, 0x58,
+    0x93, 0x17, 0xfa, 0x7a, 0x1c, 0x19, 0x18, 0x98, 0xb2, 0x27, 0x11, 0x61, 0xef, 0x2c, 0x52, 0x34, 0x6b, 0x19, 0xde,
+    0x32, 0xd1, 0x93, 0x0f};
 
 // Backwards compatibility alias
 #define INDEX_GZ INDEX_BR

From 37a0cec53dc0e4e9d9c0c5848e220b6d8480964d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Szpadel <piotrekrogowski@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2026 17:12:03 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 196/609] [ac_dimmer] Use a shared ESP32 GPTimer for multiple
 dimmers (#13523)

Co-authored-by: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/ac_dimmer/ac_dimmer.cpp | 19 +++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ac_dimmer/ac_dimmer.cpp b/esphome/components/ac_dimmer/ac_dimmer.cpp
index 1e850a18fe..f731a8c753 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ac_dimmer/ac_dimmer.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ac_dimmer/ac_dimmer.cpp
@@ -199,12 +199,19 @@ void AcDimmer::setup() {
   setTimer1Callback(&timer_interrupt);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
-  dimmer_timer = timer_begin(TIMER_FREQUENCY_HZ);
-  timer_attach_interrupt(dimmer_timer, &AcDimmerDataStore::s_timer_intr);
-  // For ESP32, we can't use dynamic interval calculation because the timerX functions
-  // are not callable from ISR (placed in flash storage).
-  // Here we just use an interrupt firing every 50 µs.
-  timer_alarm(dimmer_timer, TIMER_INTERVAL_US, true, 0);
+  if (dimmer_timer == nullptr) {
+    dimmer_timer = timer_begin(TIMER_FREQUENCY_HZ);
+    if (dimmer_timer == nullptr) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to create GPTimer for AC dimmer");
+      this->mark_failed();
+      return;
+    }
+    timer_attach_interrupt(dimmer_timer, &AcDimmerDataStore::s_timer_intr);
+    // For ESP32, we can't use dynamic interval calculation because the timerX functions
+    // are not callable from ISR (placed in flash storage).
+    // Here we just use an interrupt firing every 50 µs.
+    timer_alarm(dimmer_timer, TIMER_INTERVAL_US, true, 0);
+  }
 #endif
 }
 

From ede8235aaee8467be33dd33fd8c25c39957063e3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Rupprecht <rupprecht.thomas@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2026 17:46:28 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 197/609] [core] more accurate check for leap year and valid
 day_of_month (#14197)

Co-authored-by: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/core/time.cpp | 2 +-
 esphome/core/time.h   | 6 +++---
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/time.cpp b/esphome/core/time.cpp
index 554431c631..1aea18ac8d 100644
--- a/esphome/core/time.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/time.cpp
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ namespace esphome {
 
 uint8_t days_in_month(uint8_t month, uint16_t year) {
   static const uint8_t DAYS_IN_MONTH[] = {0, 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31};
-  if (month == 2 && (year % 4 == 0))
+  if (month == 2 && (year % 4 == 0) && (year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0))
     return 29;
   return DAYS_IN_MONTH[month];
 }
diff --git a/esphome/core/time.h b/esphome/core/time.h
index 87ebb5c221..d9ce86131c 100644
--- a/esphome/core/time.h
+++ b/esphome/core/time.h
@@ -70,14 +70,14 @@ struct ESPTime {
   /// @copydoc strftime(const std::string &format)
   std::string strftime(const char *format);
 
-  /// Check if this ESPTime is valid (all fields in range and year is greater than 2018)
+  /// Check if this ESPTime is valid (all fields in range and year is greater than or equal to 2019)
   bool is_valid() const { return this->year >= 2019 && this->fields_in_range(); }
 
   /// Check if all time fields of this ESPTime are in range.
   bool fields_in_range() const {
     return this->second < 61 && this->minute < 60 && this->hour < 24 && this->day_of_week > 0 &&
-           this->day_of_week < 8 && this->day_of_month > 0 && this->day_of_month < 32 && this->day_of_year > 0 &&
-           this->day_of_year < 367 && this->month > 0 && this->month < 13;
+           this->day_of_week < 8 && this->day_of_year > 0 && this->day_of_year < 367 && this->month > 0 &&
+           this->month < 13 && this->day_of_month > 0 && this->day_of_month <= days_in_month(this->month, this->year);
   }
 
   /** Convert a string to ESPTime struct as specified by the format argument.

From 8bb577de644243c3822305d3720ddaec8b9864c6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2026 12:23:13 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 198/609] [api] Split ProtoVarInt::parse into 32-bit and 64-bit
 phases (#14039)

---
 esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h              |   1 -
 esphome/components/api/api_pb2_defines.h      |  12 ++
 esphome/components/api/proto.cpp              |  17 +++
 esphome/components/api/proto.h                |  70 ++++++----
 esphome/core/defines.h                        |   1 +
 script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py           |  65 +++++++++-
 .../fixtures/varint_five_byte_device_id.yaml  |  47 +++++++
 .../test_varint_five_byte_device_id.py        | 120 ++++++++++++++++++
 8 files changed, 301 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/api/api_pb2_defines.h
 create mode 100644 tests/integration/fixtures/varint_five_byte_device_id.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/integration/test_varint_five_byte_device_id.py

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h
index c90873d993..c2675cefe4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 // See script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
 #pragma once
 
-#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
 
 #include "proto.h"
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_defines.h b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_defines.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8ebd60fb5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_defines.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// This file was automatically generated with a tool.
+// See script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+#ifndef USE_API_VARINT64
+#define USE_API_VARINT64
+#endif
+#endif
+
+namespace esphome::api {}  // namespace esphome::api
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/proto.cpp b/esphome/components/api/proto.cpp
index 73a3bab12a..a252907fd7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/proto.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/proto.cpp
@@ -7,6 +7,23 @@ namespace esphome::api {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "api.proto";
 
+#ifdef USE_API_VARINT64
+optional<ProtoVarInt> ProtoVarInt::parse_wide(const uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t len, uint32_t *consumed,
+                                              uint32_t result32) {
+  uint64_t result64 = result32;
+  uint32_t limit = std::min(len, uint32_t(10));
+  for (uint32_t i = 4; i < limit; i++) {
+    uint8_t val = buffer[i];
+    result64 |= uint64_t(val & 0x7F) << (i * 7);
+    if ((val & 0x80) == 0) {
+      *consumed = i + 1;
+      return ProtoVarInt(result64);
+    }
+  }
+  return {};
+}
+#endif
+
 uint32_t ProtoDecodableMessage::count_repeated_field(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t length, uint32_t target_field_id) {
   uint32_t count = 0;
   const uint8_t *ptr = buffer;
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/proto.h b/esphome/components/api/proto.h
index 4522fc9665..c34f7744e6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/proto.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/proto.h
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include "api_pb2_defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
@@ -110,59 +111,78 @@ class ProtoVarInt {
 #endif
     if (len == 0)
       return {};
-
-    // Most common case: single-byte varint (values 0-127)
+    // Fast path: single-byte varints (0-127) are the most common case
+    // (booleans, small enums, field tags). Avoid loop overhead entirely.
     if ((buffer[0] & 0x80) == 0) {
       *consumed = 1;
       return ProtoVarInt(buffer[0]);
     }
-
-    // General case for multi-byte varints
-    // Since we know buffer[0]'s high bit is set, initialize with its value
-    uint64_t result = buffer[0] & 0x7F;
-    uint8_t bitpos = 7;
-
-    // A 64-bit varint is at most 10 bytes (ceil(64/7)). Reject overlong encodings
-    // to avoid undefined behavior from shifting uint64_t by >= 64 bits.
-    uint32_t max_len = std::min(len, uint32_t(10));
-
-    // Start from the second byte since we've already processed the first
-    for (uint32_t i = 1; i < max_len; i++) {
+    // 32-bit phase: process remaining bytes with native 32-bit shifts.
+    // Without USE_API_VARINT64: cover bytes 1-4 (shifts 7, 14, 21, 28) — the uint32_t
+    // shift at byte 4 (shift by 28) may lose bits 32-34, but those are always zero for valid uint32 values.
+    // With USE_API_VARINT64: cover bytes 1-3 (shifts 7, 14, 21) so parse_wide handles
+    // byte 4+ with full 64-bit arithmetic (avoids truncating values > UINT32_MAX).
+    uint32_t result32 = buffer[0] & 0x7F;
+#ifdef USE_API_VARINT64
+    uint32_t limit = std::min(len, uint32_t(4));
+#else
+    uint32_t limit = std::min(len, uint32_t(5));
+#endif
+    for (uint32_t i = 1; i < limit; i++) {
       uint8_t val = buffer[i];
-      result |= uint64_t(val & 0x7F) << uint64_t(bitpos);
-      bitpos += 7;
+      result32 |= uint32_t(val & 0x7F) << (i * 7);
       if ((val & 0x80) == 0) {
         *consumed = i + 1;
-        return ProtoVarInt(result);
+        return ProtoVarInt(result32);
       }
     }
-
-    return {};  // Incomplete or invalid varint
+    // 64-bit phase for remaining bytes (BLE addresses etc.)
+#ifdef USE_API_VARINT64
+    return parse_wide(buffer, len, consumed, result32);
+#else
+    return {};
+#endif
   }
 
+#ifdef USE_API_VARINT64
+ protected:
+  /// Continue parsing varint bytes 4-9 with 64-bit arithmetic.
+  /// Separated to keep 64-bit shift code (__ashldi3 on 32-bit platforms) out of the common path.
+  static optional<ProtoVarInt> parse_wide(const uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t len, uint32_t *consumed, uint32_t result32)
+      __attribute__((noinline));
+
+ public:
+#endif
+
   constexpr uint16_t as_uint16() const { return this->value_; }
   constexpr uint32_t as_uint32() const { return this->value_; }
-  constexpr uint64_t as_uint64() const { return this->value_; }
   constexpr bool as_bool() const { return this->value_; }
   constexpr int32_t as_int32() const {
     // Not ZigZag encoded
-    return static_cast<int32_t>(this->as_int64());
-  }
-  constexpr int64_t as_int64() const {
-    // Not ZigZag encoded
-    return static_cast<int64_t>(this->value_);
+    return static_cast<int32_t>(this->value_);
   }
   constexpr int32_t as_sint32() const {
     // with ZigZag encoding
     return decode_zigzag32(static_cast<uint32_t>(this->value_));
   }
+#ifdef USE_API_VARINT64
+  constexpr uint64_t as_uint64() const { return this->value_; }
+  constexpr int64_t as_int64() const {
+    // Not ZigZag encoded
+    return static_cast<int64_t>(this->value_);
+  }
   constexpr int64_t as_sint64() const {
     // with ZigZag encoding
     return decode_zigzag64(this->value_);
   }
+#endif
 
  protected:
+#ifdef USE_API_VARINT64
   uint64_t value_;
+#else
+  uint32_t value_;
+#endif
 };
 
 // Forward declarations for decode_to_message, encode_message and encode_packed_sint32
diff --git a/esphome/core/defines.h b/esphome/core/defines.h
index a1e3d1707f..673aa246fe 100644
--- a/esphome/core/defines.h
+++ b/esphome/core/defines.h
@@ -144,6 +144,7 @@
 #define USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
 #define USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
 #define USE_API_NOISE
+#define USE_API_VARINT64
 #define USE_API_PLAINTEXT
 #define USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
 #define USE_API_CUSTOM_SERVICES
diff --git a/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py b/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
index cc881caa5c..350947a8d6 100755
--- a/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
+++ b/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
@@ -1913,6 +1913,37 @@ def build_type_usage_map(
     )
 
 
+def get_varint64_ifdef(
+    file_desc: descriptor.FileDescriptorProto,
+    message_ifdef_map: dict[str, str | None],
+) -> tuple[bool, str | None]:
+    """Check if 64-bit varint fields exist and get their common ifdef guard.
+
+    Returns:
+        (has_varint64, ifdef_guard) - has_varint64 is True if any fields exist,
+        ifdef_guard is the common guard or None if unconditional.
+    """
+    varint64_types = {
+        FieldDescriptorProto.TYPE_INT64,
+        FieldDescriptorProto.TYPE_UINT64,
+        FieldDescriptorProto.TYPE_SINT64,
+    }
+    ifdefs: set[str | None] = {
+        message_ifdef_map.get(msg.name)
+        for msg in file_desc.message_type
+        if not msg.options.deprecated
+        for field in msg.field
+        if not field.options.deprecated and field.type in varint64_types
+    }
+    if not ifdefs:
+        return False, None
+    if None in ifdefs:
+        # At least one 64-bit varint field is unconditional, so the guard must be unconditional.
+        return True, None
+    ifdefs.discard(None)
+    return True, ifdefs.pop() if len(ifdefs) == 1 else None
+
+
 def build_enum_type(desc, enum_ifdef_map) -> tuple[str, str, str]:
     """Builds the enum type.
 
@@ -2567,11 +2598,38 @@ def main() -> None:
 
     file = d.file[0]
 
+    # Build dynamic ifdef mappings early so we can emit USE_API_VARINT64 before includes
+    enum_ifdef_map, message_ifdef_map, message_source_map, used_messages = (
+        build_type_usage_map(file)
+    )
+
+    # Find the ifdef guard for 64-bit varint fields (int64/uint64/sint64).
+    # Generated into api_pb2_defines.h so proto.h can include it, ensuring
+    # consistent ProtoVarInt layout across all translation units.
+    has_varint64, varint64_guard = get_varint64_ifdef(file, message_ifdef_map)
+
+    # Generate api_pb2_defines.h — included by proto.h to ensure all translation
+    # units see USE_API_VARINT64 consistently (avoids ODR violations in ProtoVarInt).
+    defines_content = FILE_HEADER
+    defines_content += "#pragma once\n\n"
+    defines_content += '#include "esphome/core/defines.h"\n'
+    if has_varint64:
+        lines = [
+            "#ifndef USE_API_VARINT64",
+            "#define USE_API_VARINT64",
+            "#endif",
+        ]
+        defines_content += "\n".join(wrap_with_ifdef(lines, varint64_guard))
+        defines_content += "\n"
+    defines_content += "\nnamespace esphome::api {}  // namespace esphome::api\n"
+
+    with open(root / "api_pb2_defines.h", "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        f.write(defines_content)
+
     content = FILE_HEADER
     content += """\
 #pragma once
 
-#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
 
 #include "proto.h"
@@ -2702,11 +2760,6 @@ static void dump_bytes_field(DumpBuffer &out, const char *field_name, const uint
 
     content += "namespace enums {\n\n"
 
-    # Build dynamic ifdef mappings for both enums and messages
-    enum_ifdef_map, message_ifdef_map, message_source_map, used_messages = (
-        build_type_usage_map(file)
-    )
-
     # Simple grouping of enums by ifdef
     current_ifdef = None
 
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/varint_five_byte_device_id.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/varint_five_byte_device_id.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..08259869ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/varint_five_byte_device_id.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+esphome:
+  name: varint-5byte-test
+  # Define areas and devices - device_ids will be FNV hashes > 2^28,
+  # requiring 5-byte varint encoding that exercises the 32-bit parse boundary.
+  areas:
+    - id: test_area
+      name: Test Area
+  devices:
+    - id: sub_device_one
+      name: Sub Device One
+      area_id: test_area
+    - id: sub_device_two
+      name: Sub Device Two
+      area_id: test_area
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+
+# Switches on sub-devices so we can send commands with large device_id varints
+switch:
+  - platform: template
+    name: Device Switch
+    device_id: sub_device_one
+    id: device_switch_one
+    optimistic: true
+    turn_on_action:
+      - logger.log: "Switch one on"
+    turn_off_action:
+      - logger.log: "Switch one off"
+
+  - platform: template
+    name: Device Switch
+    device_id: sub_device_two
+    id: device_switch_two
+    optimistic: true
+    turn_on_action:
+      - logger.log: "Switch two on"
+    turn_off_action:
+      - logger.log: "Switch two off"
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: template
+    name: Device Sensor
+    device_id: sub_device_one
+    lambda: return 42.0;
+    update_interval: 0.1s
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_varint_five_byte_device_id.py b/tests/integration/test_varint_five_byte_device_id.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d34c2f03d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_varint_five_byte_device_id.py
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+"""Integration test for 5-byte varint parsing of device_id fields.
+
+Device IDs are FNV hashes (uint32) that frequently exceed 2^28 (268435456),
+requiring 5 varint bytes. This test verifies that:
+1. The firmware correctly decodes 5-byte varint device_id in incoming commands
+2. The firmware correctly encodes large device_id values in state responses
+3. Switch commands with large device_id reach the correct entity
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+
+from aioesphomeapi import EntityState, SwitchInfo, SwitchState
+import pytest
+
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_varint_five_byte_device_id(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test that device_id values requiring 5-byte varints parse correctly."""
+    async with run_compiled(yaml_config), api_client_connected() as client:
+        device_info = await client.device_info()
+        devices = device_info.devices
+        assert len(devices) >= 2, f"Expected at least 2 devices, got {len(devices)}"
+
+        # Verify at least one device_id exceeds the 4-byte varint boundary (2^28)
+        large_ids = [d for d in devices if d.device_id >= (1 << 28)]
+        assert len(large_ids) > 0, (
+            "Expected at least one device_id >= 2^28 to exercise 5-byte varint path. "
+            f"Got device_ids: {[d.device_id for d in devices]}"
+        )
+
+        # Get entities
+        all_entities, _ = await client.list_entities_services()
+        switch_entities = [e for e in all_entities if isinstance(e, SwitchInfo)]
+
+        # Find switches named "Device Switch" — one per sub-device
+        device_switches = [e for e in switch_entities if e.name == "Device Switch"]
+        assert len(device_switches) == 2, (
+            f"Expected 2 'Device Switch' entities, got {len(device_switches)}"
+        )
+
+        # Verify switches have different device_ids matching the sub-devices
+        switch_device_ids = {s.device_id for s in device_switches}
+        assert len(switch_device_ids) == 2, "Switches should have different device_ids"
+
+        # Subscribe to states and wait for initial states
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        states: dict[tuple[int, int], EntityState] = {}
+        switch_futures: dict[tuple[int, int], asyncio.Future[EntityState]] = {}
+        initial_done: asyncio.Future[bool] = loop.create_future()
+
+        def on_state(state: EntityState) -> None:
+            key = (state.device_id, state.key)
+            states[key] = state
+
+            if len(states) >= 3 and not initial_done.done():
+                initial_done.set_result(True)
+
+            if initial_done.done() and key in switch_futures:
+                fut = switch_futures[key]
+                if not fut.done() and isinstance(state, SwitchState):
+                    fut.set_result(state)
+
+        client.subscribe_states(on_state)
+
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(initial_done, timeout=10.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(
+                f"Timed out waiting for initial states. Got {len(states)} states"
+            )
+
+        # Verify state responses contain correct large device_id values
+        for device in devices:
+            device_states = [
+                s for (did, _), s in states.items() if did == device.device_id
+            ]
+            assert len(device_states) > 0, (
+                f"No states received for device '{device.name}' "
+                f"(device_id={device.device_id})"
+            )
+
+        # Test switch commands with large device_id varints —
+        # this is the critical path: the client encodes device_id as a varint
+        # in the SwitchCommandRequest, and the firmware must decode it correctly.
+        for switch in device_switches:
+            state_key = (switch.device_id, switch.key)
+
+            # Turn on
+            switch_futures[state_key] = loop.create_future()
+            client.switch_command(switch.key, True, device_id=switch.device_id)
+            try:
+                await asyncio.wait_for(switch_futures[state_key], timeout=2.0)
+            except TimeoutError:
+                pytest.fail(
+                    f"Timed out waiting for switch ON state "
+                    f"(device_id={switch.device_id}, key={switch.key}). "
+                    f"This likely means the firmware failed to decode the "
+                    f"5-byte varint device_id in SwitchCommandRequest."
+                )
+            assert states[state_key].state is True
+
+            # Turn off
+            switch_futures[state_key] = loop.create_future()
+            client.switch_command(switch.key, False, device_id=switch.device_id)
+            try:
+                await asyncio.wait_for(switch_futures[state_key], timeout=2.0)
+            except TimeoutError:
+                pytest.fail(
+                    f"Timed out waiting for switch OFF state "
+                    f"(device_id={switch.device_id}, key={switch.key})"
+                )
+            assert states[state_key].state is False

From 62da60df477d3efcf9fcb80de6978b7ff44749f9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2026 14:19:20 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 199/609] [ld2420] Fix sizeof vs value bug in register memcpy
 (#14286)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.cpp | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.cpp b/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.cpp
index cf78a1a460..b653f4ae88 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.cpp
@@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ void LD2420Component::handle_ack_data_(uint8_t *buffer, int len) {
       for (uint16_t index = 0; index < (CMD_REG_DATA_REPLY_SIZE *  // NOLINT
                                         ((buffer[CMD_FRAME_DATA_LENGTH] - 4) / CMD_REG_DATA_REPLY_SIZE));
            index += CMD_REG_DATA_REPLY_SIZE) {
-        memcpy(&this->cmd_reply_.data[reg_element], &buffer[data_pos + index], sizeof(CMD_REG_DATA_REPLY_SIZE));
+        memcpy(&this->cmd_reply_.data[reg_element], &buffer[data_pos + index], CMD_REG_DATA_REPLY_SIZE);
         byteswap(this->cmd_reply_.data[reg_element]);
         reg_element++;
       }
@@ -729,9 +729,9 @@ void LD2420Component::set_reg_value(uint16_t reg, uint16_t value) {
   cmd_frame.data_length = 0;
   cmd_frame.header = CMD_FRAME_HEADER;
   cmd_frame.command = CMD_WRITE_REGISTER;
-  memcpy(&cmd_frame.data[cmd_frame.data_length], &reg, sizeof(CMD_REG_DATA_REPLY_SIZE));
+  memcpy(&cmd_frame.data[cmd_frame.data_length], &reg, CMD_REG_DATA_REPLY_SIZE);
   cmd_frame.data_length += 2;
-  memcpy(&cmd_frame.data[cmd_frame.data_length], &value, sizeof(CMD_REG_DATA_REPLY_SIZE));
+  memcpy(&cmd_frame.data[cmd_frame.data_length], &value, CMD_REG_DATA_REPLY_SIZE);
   cmd_frame.data_length += 2;
   cmd_frame.footer = CMD_FRAME_FOOTER;
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Sending write register %4X command: %2X data = %4X", reg, cmd_frame.command, value);

From e601162cdd0500581cb838b8fd588fca3e3bba8e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2026 14:21:00 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 200/609] [lcd_base] Fix millis() truncation to uint8_t
 (#14289)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/lcd_base/lcd_display.cpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/lcd_base/lcd_display.cpp b/esphome/components/lcd_base/lcd_display.cpp
index d3434cce10..cd08a739eb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lcd_base/lcd_display.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/lcd_base/lcd_display.cpp
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ void LCDDisplay::setup() {
   // TODO dotsize
 
   // Commands can only be sent 40ms after boot-up, so let's wait if we're close
-  const uint8_t now = millis();
+  const uint32_t now = millis();
   if (now < 40)
     delay(40u - now);
 

From df77213f2cb21a31e62ff0a9570d7af73e8f431b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2026 14:27:00 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 201/609] [shelly_dimmer] Fix millis overflow in ACK timeout
 check (#14288)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/shelly_dimmer/stm32flash.cpp | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/shelly_dimmer/stm32flash.cpp b/esphome/components/shelly_dimmer/stm32flash.cpp
index b052c0cee9..a1a933bcab 100644
--- a/esphome/components/shelly_dimmer/stm32flash.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/shelly_dimmer/stm32flash.cpp
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ stm32_err_t stm32_get_ack_timeout(const stm32_unique_ptr &stm, uint32_t timeout)
   do {
     yield();
     if (!stream->available()) {
-      if (millis() < start_time + timeout)
+      if (millis() - start_time < timeout)
         continue;
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Failed to read ACK timeout=%i", timeout);
       return STM32_ERR_UNKNOWN;
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ stm32_err_t stm32_resync(const stm32_unique_ptr &stm) {
   static_assert(sizeof(buf) == BUFFER_SIZE, "Buf expected to be 2 bytes");
 
   uint8_t ack;
-  while (t1 < t0 + STM32_RESYNC_TIMEOUT) {
+  while (t1 - t0 < STM32_RESYNC_TIMEOUT) {
     stream->write_array(buf, BUFFER_SIZE);
     stream->flush();
     if (!stream->read_array(&ack, 1)) {

From 3f558f63d8fec863d51e05e44a8dcee406d278c1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2026 14:28:47 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 202/609] [bl0942] Fix millis overflow in packet timeout check
 (#14285)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/bl0942/bl0942.cpp | 8 ++++----
 esphome/components/bl0942/bl0942.h   | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/bl0942/bl0942.cpp b/esphome/components/bl0942/bl0942.cpp
index b408c5549c..16ad33141d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bl0942/bl0942.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/bl0942/bl0942.cpp
@@ -52,12 +52,12 @@ void BL0942::loop() {
     return;
   }
   if (avail < sizeof(buffer)) {
-    if (!this->rx_start_) {
+    if (!this->rx_start_.has_value()) {
       this->rx_start_ = millis();
-    } else if (millis() > this->rx_start_ + PKT_TIMEOUT_MS) {
+    } else if (millis() - *this->rx_start_ > PKT_TIMEOUT_MS) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Junk on wire. Throwing away partial message (%zu bytes)", avail);
       this->read_array((uint8_t *) &buffer, avail);
-      this->rx_start_ = 0;
+      this->rx_start_.reset();
     }
     return;
   }
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ void BL0942::loop() {
       this->received_package_(&buffer);
     }
   }
-  this->rx_start_ = 0;
+  this->rx_start_.reset();
 }
 
 bool BL0942::validate_checksum_(DataPacket *data) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/bl0942/bl0942.h b/esphome/components/bl0942/bl0942.h
index 10b29a72c6..3c013f86e7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bl0942/bl0942.h
+++ b/esphome/components/bl0942/bl0942.h
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ class BL0942 : public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDevice {
   uint8_t address_ = 0;
   bool reset_ = false;
   LineFrequency line_freq_ = LINE_FREQUENCY_50HZ;
-  uint32_t rx_start_ = 0;
+  optional<uint32_t> rx_start_{};
   uint32_t prev_cf_cnt_ = 0;
 
   bool validate_checksum_(DataPacket *data);

From d1a636a5c3227d08eed01f704e26f172394eba64 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2026 14:34:38 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 203/609] [rtttl] Fix speaker playback bugs (#14280)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.cpp | 21 +++++++++++----------
 esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.h   |  6 +++---
 2 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.cpp b/esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.cpp
index 6e86405b74..ab95067f45 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.cpp
@@ -139,9 +139,10 @@ void Rtttl::loop() {
         x++;
       }
       if (x > 0) {
-        int send = this->speaker_->play((uint8_t *) (&sample), x * 2);
-        if (send != x * 4) {
-          this->samples_sent_ -= (x - (send / 2));
+        size_t bytes_to_send = x * sizeof(SpeakerSample);
+        size_t send = this->speaker_->play((uint8_t *) (&sample), bytes_to_send);
+        if (send != bytes_to_send) {
+          this->samples_sent_ -= (x - (send / sizeof(SpeakerSample)));
         }
         return;
       }
@@ -201,9 +202,9 @@ void Rtttl::loop() {
   bool need_note_gap = false;
   if (note) {
     auto note_index = (scale - 4) * 12 + note;
-    if (note_index < 0 || note_index >= (int) sizeof(NOTES)) {
+    if (note_index < 0 || note_index >= (int) (sizeof(NOTES) / sizeof(NOTES[0]))) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Note out of range (note: %d, scale: %d, index: %d, max: %d)", note, scale, note_index,
-               (int) sizeof(NOTES));
+               (int) (sizeof(NOTES) / sizeof(NOTES[0])));
       this->finish_();
       return;
     }
@@ -221,7 +222,7 @@ void Rtttl::loop() {
 
 #ifdef USE_OUTPUT
   if (this->output_ != nullptr) {
-    if (need_note_gap) {
+    if (need_note_gap && this->note_duration_ > DOUBLE_NOTE_GAP_MS) {
       this->output_->set_level(0.0);
       delay(DOUBLE_NOTE_GAP_MS);
       this->note_duration_ -= DOUBLE_NOTE_GAP_MS;
@@ -240,9 +241,9 @@ void Rtttl::loop() {
     this->samples_sent_ = 0;
     this->samples_gap_ = 0;
     this->samples_per_wave_ = 0;
-    this->samples_count_ = (this->sample_rate_ * this->note_duration_) / 1600;  //(ms);
+    this->samples_count_ = (this->sample_rate_ * this->note_duration_) / 1000;
     if (need_note_gap) {
-      this->samples_gap_ = (this->sample_rate_ * DOUBLE_NOTE_GAP_MS) / 1600;  //(ms);
+      this->samples_gap_ = (this->sample_rate_ * DOUBLE_NOTE_GAP_MS) / 1000;
     }
     if (this->output_freq_ != 0) {
       // make sure there is enough samples to add a full last sinus.
@@ -279,7 +280,7 @@ void Rtttl::play(std::string rtttl) {
   this->note_duration_ = 0;
 
   int bpm = 63;
-  uint8_t num;
+  uint16_t num;
 
   // Get name
   this->position_ = this->rtttl_.find(':');
@@ -395,7 +396,7 @@ void Rtttl::finish_() {
     sample[0].right = 0;
     sample[1].left = 0;
     sample[1].right = 0;
-    this->speaker_->play((uint8_t *) (&sample), 8);
+    this->speaker_->play((uint8_t *) (&sample), sizeof(sample));
     this->speaker_->finish();
     this->set_state_(State::STOPPING);
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.h b/esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.h
index 6f5df07766..4d4a652c51 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.h
+++ b/esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.h
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ class Rtttl : public Component {
   }
 
  protected:
-  inline uint8_t get_integer_() {
-    uint8_t ret = 0;
+  inline uint16_t get_integer_() {
+    uint16_t ret = 0;
     while (isdigit(this->rtttl_[this->position_])) {
       ret = (ret * 10) + (this->rtttl_[this->position_++] - '0');
     }
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class Rtttl : public Component {
 
 #ifdef USE_OUTPUT
   /// The output to write the sound to.
-  output::FloatOutput *output_;
+  output::FloatOutput *output_{nullptr};
 #endif  // USE_OUTPUT
 
 #ifdef USE_SPEAKER

From 5dffceda59542cf5abca89415bc6944b94b97793 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2026 14:35:27 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 204/609] [hmc5883l] Fix wrong gain for 88uT range (#14281)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/hmc5883l/hmc5883l.cpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/hmc5883l/hmc5883l.cpp b/esphome/components/hmc5883l/hmc5883l.cpp
index b62381a287..bee5282125 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hmc5883l/hmc5883l.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/hmc5883l/hmc5883l.cpp
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ void HMC5883LComponent::update() {
   float mg_per_bit;
   switch (this->range_) {
     case HMC5883L_RANGE_88_UT:
-      mg_per_bit = 0.073f;
+      mg_per_bit = 0.73f;
       break;
     case HMC5883L_RANGE_130_UT:
       mg_per_bit = 0.92f;

From d61e2f9c29543e19c79b6accaf94a47b11cf87ab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2026 15:06:13 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 205/609] [light] Fix millis overflow in transition progress
 and flash timing (#14292)

Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@koston.org>
Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/light/light_transformer.h | 7 +++----
 esphome/components/light/transformers.h      | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/light/light_transformer.h b/esphome/components/light/light_transformer.h
index 079c2d2ae0..b9535c834c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/light_transformer.h
+++ b/esphome/components/light/light_transformer.h
@@ -44,12 +44,11 @@ class LightTransformer {
   /// The progress of this transition, on a scale of 0 to 1.
   float get_progress_() {
     uint32_t now = esphome::millis();
-    if (now < this->start_time_)
-      return 0.0f;
-    if (now >= this->start_time_ + this->length_)
+    uint32_t elapsed = now - this->start_time_;
+    if (elapsed >= this->length_)
       return 1.0f;
 
-    return clamp((now - this->start_time_) / float(this->length_), 0.0f, 1.0f);
+    return clamp(elapsed / float(this->length_), 0.0f, 1.0f);
   }
 
   uint32_t start_time_;
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/transformers.h b/esphome/components/light/transformers.h
index a26713b723..b6e5e08f2b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/transformers.h
+++ b/esphome/components/light/transformers.h
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class LightFlashTransformer : public LightTransformer {
   optional<LightColorValues> apply() override {
     optional<LightColorValues> result = {};
 
-    if (this->transformer_ == nullptr && millis() > this->start_time_ + this->length_ - this->transition_length_) {
+    if (this->transformer_ == nullptr && millis() - this->start_time_ > this->length_ - this->transition_length_) {
       // second transition back to start value
       this->transformer_ = this->state_.get_output()->create_default_transition();
       this->transformer_->setup(this->state_.current_values, this->get_start_values(), this->transition_length_);

From 3dcc9ab76537dc884dbc93924e5190fd12c14bef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2026 15:08:04 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 206/609] [ble_presence] Fix millis overflow in presence
 timeout check (#14293)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/ble_presence/ble_presence_device.h | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_presence/ble_presence_device.h b/esphome/components/ble_presence/ble_presence_device.h
index 70ecc67c32..f2f0a3ed19 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_presence/ble_presence_device.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_presence/ble_presence_device.h
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ class BLEPresenceDevice : public binary_sensor::BinarySensorInitiallyOff,
   }
 
   void loop() override {
-    if (this->found_ && this->last_seen_ + this->timeout_ < millis())
+    if (this->found_ && millis() - this->last_seen_ > this->timeout_)
       this->set_found_(false);
   }
   void dump_config() override;

From a60e5c5c4f5b3871ac30633ed007f21bbbc24333 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2026 15:11:52 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 207/609] [lightwaverf] Fix millis overflow in send timeout
 check (#14294)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/lightwaverf/lightwaverf.cpp | 5 ++---
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/lightwaverf/lightwaverf.cpp b/esphome/components/lightwaverf/lightwaverf.cpp
index 2b44195c97..2c6a1ecf5b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lightwaverf/lightwaverf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/lightwaverf/lightwaverf.cpp
@@ -31,13 +31,12 @@ void LightWaveRF::read_tx() {
 void LightWaveRF::send_rx(const std::vector<uint8_t> &msg, uint8_t repeats, bool inverted, int u_sec) {
   this->lwtx_.lwtx_setup(pin_tx_, repeats, inverted, u_sec);
 
-  uint32_t timeout = 0;
+  uint32_t timeout = millis();
   if (this->lwtx_.lwtx_free()) {
     this->lwtx_.lwtx_send(msg);
-    timeout = millis();
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%i] msg start", timeout);
   }
-  while (!this->lwtx_.lwtx_free() && millis() < (timeout + 1000)) {
+  while (!this->lwtx_.lwtx_free() && millis() - timeout < 1000) {
     delay(10);
   }
   timeout = millis() - timeout;

From 2e167835ead5cc85d3507d0f262695ed112d5729 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2026 15:15:49 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 208/609] [pn532] Replace millis zero sentinel with optional
 (#14295)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/pn532/pn532.cpp | 8 ++++----
 esphome/components/pn532/pn532.h   | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/pn532/pn532.cpp b/esphome/components/pn532/pn532.cpp
index 1ab0da3df7..199a44dacc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn532/pn532.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pn532/pn532.cpp
@@ -308,13 +308,13 @@ void PN532::send_nack_() {
 enum PN532ReadReady PN532::read_ready_(bool block) {
   if (this->rd_ready_ == READY) {
     if (block) {
-      this->rd_start_time_ = 0;
+      this->rd_start_time_.reset();
       this->rd_ready_ = WOULDBLOCK;
     }
     return READY;
   }
 
-  if (!this->rd_start_time_) {
+  if (!this->rd_start_time_.has_value()) {
     this->rd_start_time_ = millis();
   }
 
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ enum PN532ReadReady PN532::read_ready_(bool block) {
       break;
     }
 
-    if (millis() - this->rd_start_time_ > 100) {
+    if (millis() - *this->rd_start_time_ > 100) {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Timed out waiting for readiness from PN532!");
       this->rd_ready_ = TIMEOUT;
       break;
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ enum PN532ReadReady PN532::read_ready_(bool block) {
 
   auto rdy = this->rd_ready_;
   if (block || rdy == TIMEOUT) {
-    this->rd_start_time_ = 0;
+    this->rd_start_time_.reset();
     this->rd_ready_ = WOULDBLOCK;
   }
   return rdy;
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn532/pn532.h b/esphome/components/pn532/pn532.h
index f98c0f9322..e57ecd8104 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn532/pn532.h
+++ b/esphome/components/pn532/pn532.h
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ class PN532 : public PollingComponent {
   std::vector<nfc::NfcOnTagTrigger *> triggers_ontagremoved_;
   nfc::NfcTagUid current_uid_;
   nfc::NdefMessage *next_task_message_to_write_;
-  uint32_t rd_start_time_{0};
+  optional<uint32_t> rd_start_time_{};
   enum PN532ReadReady rd_ready_ { WOULDBLOCK };
   enum NfcTask {
     READ = 0,

From 24fb74f78bce8d618f1a4e134c61aeded194956d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2026 17:21:33 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 209/609] [ld2420] Fix buffer overflows in command response
 parsing (#14297)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.cpp | 39 ++++++++++++++--------------
 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.cpp b/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.cpp
index b653f4ae88..f14400d15a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.cpp
@@ -560,8 +560,6 @@ void LD2420Component::read_batch_(std::span<uint8_t, MAX_LINE_LENGTH> buffer) {
 void LD2420Component::handle_ack_data_(uint8_t *buffer, int len) {
   this->cmd_reply_.command = buffer[CMD_FRAME_COMMAND];
   this->cmd_reply_.length = buffer[CMD_FRAME_DATA_LENGTH];
-  uint8_t reg_element = 0;
-  uint8_t data_element = 0;
   uint16_t data_pos = 0;
   if (this->cmd_reply_.length > CMD_MAX_BYTES) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Reply frame too long");
@@ -583,43 +581,44 @@ void LD2420Component::handle_ack_data_(uint8_t *buffer, int len) {
     case (CMD_DISABLE_CONF):
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Set config disable: CMD = %2X %s", CMD_DISABLE_CONF, result);
       break;
-    case (CMD_READ_REGISTER):
+    case (CMD_READ_REGISTER): {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Read register: CMD = %2X %s", CMD_READ_REGISTER, result);
       // TODO Read/Write register is not implemented yet, this will get flushed out to a proper header file
       data_pos = 0x0A;
-      for (uint16_t index = 0; index < (CMD_REG_DATA_REPLY_SIZE *  // NOLINT
-                                        ((buffer[CMD_FRAME_DATA_LENGTH] - 4) / CMD_REG_DATA_REPLY_SIZE));
-           index += CMD_REG_DATA_REPLY_SIZE) {
-        memcpy(&this->cmd_reply_.data[reg_element], &buffer[data_pos + index], CMD_REG_DATA_REPLY_SIZE);
-        byteswap(this->cmd_reply_.data[reg_element]);
-        reg_element++;
+      uint16_t reg_count = std::min<uint16_t>((buffer[CMD_FRAME_DATA_LENGTH] - 4) / CMD_REG_DATA_REPLY_SIZE,
+                                              sizeof(this->cmd_reply_.data) / sizeof(this->cmd_reply_.data[0]));
+      for (uint16_t i = 0; i < reg_count; i++) {
+        memcpy(&this->cmd_reply_.data[i], &buffer[data_pos + i * CMD_REG_DATA_REPLY_SIZE], CMD_REG_DATA_REPLY_SIZE);
       }
       break;
+    }
     case (CMD_WRITE_REGISTER):
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Write register: CMD = %2X %s", CMD_WRITE_REGISTER, result);
       break;
     case (CMD_WRITE_ABD_PARAM):
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Write gate parameter(s): %2X %s", CMD_WRITE_ABD_PARAM, result);
       break;
-    case (CMD_READ_ABD_PARAM):
+    case (CMD_READ_ABD_PARAM): {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Read gate parameter(s): %2X %s", CMD_READ_ABD_PARAM, result);
       data_pos = CMD_ABD_DATA_REPLY_START;
-      for (uint16_t index = 0; index < (CMD_ABD_DATA_REPLY_SIZE *  // NOLINT
-                                        ((buffer[CMD_FRAME_DATA_LENGTH] - 4) / CMD_ABD_DATA_REPLY_SIZE));
-           index += CMD_ABD_DATA_REPLY_SIZE) {
-        memcpy(&this->cmd_reply_.data[data_element], &buffer[data_pos + index],
-               sizeof(this->cmd_reply_.data[data_element]));
-        byteswap(this->cmd_reply_.data[data_element]);
-        data_element++;
+      uint16_t abd_count = std::min<uint16_t>((buffer[CMD_FRAME_DATA_LENGTH] - 4) / CMD_ABD_DATA_REPLY_SIZE,
+                                              sizeof(this->cmd_reply_.data) / sizeof(this->cmd_reply_.data[0]));
+      for (uint16_t i = 0; i < abd_count; i++) {
+        memcpy(&this->cmd_reply_.data[i], &buffer[data_pos + i * CMD_ABD_DATA_REPLY_SIZE],
+               sizeof(this->cmd_reply_.data[i]));
       }
       break;
+    }
     case (CMD_WRITE_SYS_PARAM):
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Set system parameter(s): %2X %s", CMD_WRITE_SYS_PARAM, result);
       break;
-    case (CMD_READ_VERSION):
-      memcpy(this->firmware_ver_, &buffer[12], buffer[10]);
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Firmware version: %7s %s", this->firmware_ver_, result);
+    case (CMD_READ_VERSION): {
+      uint8_t ver_len = std::min<uint8_t>(buffer[10], sizeof(this->firmware_ver_) - 1);
+      memcpy(this->firmware_ver_, &buffer[12], ver_len);
+      this->firmware_ver_[ver_len] = '\0';
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Firmware version: %s %s", this->firmware_ver_, result);
       break;
+    }
     default:
       break;
   }

From 23ef233b60de8bef361eb062cfa732321c9a4ceb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2026 17:21:50 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 210/609] [gp8403] Fix enum size mismatch in voltage register
 write (#14296)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/gp8403/gp8403.h | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/gp8403/gp8403.h b/esphome/components/gp8403/gp8403.h
index 972f2ce60c..a19df15515 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gp8403/gp8403.h
+++ b/esphome/components/gp8403/gp8403.h
@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace gp8403 {
 
-enum GP8403Voltage {
+enum GP8403Voltage : uint8_t {
   GP8403_VOLTAGE_5V = 0x00,
   GP8403_VOLTAGE_10V = 0x11,
 };
 
-enum GP8403Model {
+enum GP8403Model : uint8_t {
   GP8403,
   GP8413,
 };

From 0a81a7a50bc4b73f4075a20fb8c5a74b4ddc82f4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2026 18:01:32 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 211/609] [mcp2515] Fix millis overflow in set_mode_ timeout
 (#14298)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/mcp2515/mcp2515.cpp | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp2515/mcp2515.cpp b/esphome/components/mcp2515/mcp2515.cpp
index 1a17715315..77bfaf9224 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp2515/mcp2515.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp2515/mcp2515.cpp
@@ -133,8 +133,8 @@ uint8_t MCP2515::get_status_() {
 canbus::Error MCP2515::set_mode_(const CanctrlReqopMode mode) {
   modify_register_(MCP_CANCTRL, CANCTRL_REQOP, mode);
 
-  uint32_t end_time = millis() + 10;
-  while (millis() < end_time) {
+  uint32_t start_time = millis();
+  while (millis() - start_time < 10) {
     if ((read_register_(MCP_CANSTAT) & CANSTAT_OPMOD) == mode)
       return canbus::ERROR_OK;
   }

From 534857db9c16b7ebfc62693291d4b7a56b91eb36 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2026 18:01:49 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 212/609] [wled] Fix millis overflow in blank timeout (#14300)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick+github@koston.org>
---
 esphome/components/wled/wled_light_effect.cpp | 21 +++++++++++--------
 esphome/components/wled/wled_light_effect.h   |  3 ++-
 2 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/wled/wled_light_effect.cpp b/esphome/components/wled/wled_light_effect.cpp
index d26b7a1750..87bae5b1da 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wled/wled_light_effect.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wled/wled_light_effect.cpp
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ namespace wled {
 // https://github.com/Aircoookie/WLED/wiki/UDP-Realtime-Control
 enum Protocol { WLED_NOTIFIER = 0, WARLS = 1, DRGB = 2, DRGBW = 3, DNRGB = 4 };
 
-const int DEFAULT_BLANK_TIME = 1000;
+constexpr uint32_t DEFAULT_BLANK_TIME = 1000;
 
 static const char *const TAG = "wled_light_effect";
 
@@ -34,9 +34,10 @@ void WLEDLightEffect::start() {
   AddressableLightEffect::start();
 
   if (this->blank_on_start_) {
-    this->blank_at_ = 0;
+    this->blank_start_ = millis();
+    this->blank_timeout_ = 0;
   } else {
-    this->blank_at_ = UINT32_MAX;
+    this->blank_start_.reset();
   }
 }
 
@@ -81,10 +82,10 @@ void WLEDLightEffect::apply(light::AddressableLight &it, const Color &current_co
     }
   }
 
-  // FIXME: Use roll-over safe arithmetic
-  if (blank_at_ < millis()) {
+  if (this->blank_start_.has_value() && millis() - *this->blank_start_ >= this->blank_timeout_) {
     blank_all_leds_(it);
-    blank_at_ = millis() + DEFAULT_BLANK_TIME;
+    this->blank_start_ = millis();
+    this->blank_timeout_ = DEFAULT_BLANK_TIME;
   }
 }
 
@@ -142,11 +143,13 @@ bool WLEDLightEffect::parse_frame_(light::AddressableLight &it, const uint8_t *p
   }
 
   if (timeout == UINT8_MAX) {
-    blank_at_ = UINT32_MAX;
+    this->blank_start_.reset();
   } else if (timeout > 0) {
-    blank_at_ = millis() + timeout * 1000;
+    this->blank_start_ = millis();
+    this->blank_timeout_ = timeout * 1000;
   } else {
-    blank_at_ = millis() + DEFAULT_BLANK_TIME;
+    this->blank_start_ = millis();
+    this->blank_timeout_ = DEFAULT_BLANK_TIME;
   }
 
   it.schedule_show();
diff --git a/esphome/components/wled/wled_light_effect.h b/esphome/components/wled/wled_light_effect.h
index 6da5f4e9f9..3f3b710611 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wled/wled_light_effect.h
+++ b/esphome/components/wled/wled_light_effect.h
@@ -35,7 +35,8 @@ class WLEDLightEffect : public light::AddressableLightEffect {
 
   uint16_t port_{0};
   std::unique_ptr<UDP> udp_;
-  uint32_t blank_at_{0};
+  optional<uint32_t> blank_start_{};
+  uint32_t blank_timeout_{0};
   uint32_t dropped_{0};
   uint8_t sync_group_mask_{0};
   bool blank_on_start_{true};

From 0d5b7df77d11b48ad58029adea4dfb88743e2932 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2026 19:32:02 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 213/609] [sensor] Fix delta filter percentage mode regression
 (#14302)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py         |  2 +-
 .../fixtures/sensor_filters_delta.yaml        | 40 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../integration/test_sensor_filters_delta.py  | 27 ++++++++++++-
 3 files changed, 67 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py
index b0e0c28bda..770c044efb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ DELTA_SCHEMA = cv.Any(
 def _get_delta(value):
     if isinstance(value, str):
         assert value.endswith("%")
-        return 0.0, float(value[:-1])
+        return 0.0, float(value[:-1]) / 100.0
     return value, 0.0
 
 
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/sensor_filters_delta.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/sensor_filters_delta.yaml
index 19bd2d5ca4..2494a430da 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/sensor_filters_delta.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/sensor_filters_delta.yaml
@@ -28,6 +28,11 @@ sensor:
     id: source_sensor_4
     accuracy_decimals: 1
 
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Source Sensor 5"
+    id: source_sensor_5
+    accuracy_decimals: 1
+
   - platform: copy
     source_id: source_sensor_1
     name: "Filter Min"
@@ -69,6 +74,13 @@ sensor:
     filters:
       - delta: 0
 
+  - platform: copy
+    source_id: source_sensor_5
+    name: "Filter Percentage"
+    id: filter_percentage
+    filters:
+      - delta: 50%
+
 script:
   - id: test_filter_min
     then:
@@ -154,6 +166,28 @@ script:
           id: source_sensor_4
           state: 2.0
 
+  - id: test_filter_percentage
+    then:
+      - sensor.template.publish:
+          id: source_sensor_5
+          state: 100.0
+      - delay: 20ms
+      - sensor.template.publish:
+          id: source_sensor_5
+          state: 120.0  # Filtered out (delta=20, need >50)
+      - delay: 20ms
+      - sensor.template.publish:
+          id: source_sensor_5
+          state: 160.0  # Passes (delta=60 > 50% of 100=50)
+      - delay: 20ms
+      - sensor.template.publish:
+          id: source_sensor_5
+          state: 200.0  # Filtered out (delta=40, need >50% of 160=80)
+      - delay: 20ms
+      - sensor.template.publish:
+          id: source_sensor_5
+          state: 250.0  # Passes (delta=90 > 80)
+
 button:
   - platform: template
     name: "Test Filter Min"
@@ -178,3 +212,9 @@ button:
     id: btn_filter_zero_delta
     on_press:
       - script.execute: test_filter_zero_delta
+
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Test Filter Percentage"
+    id: btn_filter_percentage
+    on_press:
+      - script.execute: test_filter_percentage
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_sensor_filters_delta.py b/tests/integration/test_sensor_filters_delta.py
index c7a26bf9d1..9d0114e0c4 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_sensor_filters_delta.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_sensor_filters_delta.py
@@ -24,12 +24,14 @@ async def test_sensor_filters_delta(
         "filter_max": [],
         "filter_baseline_max": [],
         "filter_zero_delta": [],
+        "filter_percentage": [],
     }
 
     filter_min_done = loop.create_future()
     filter_max_done = loop.create_future()
     filter_baseline_max_done = loop.create_future()
     filter_zero_delta_done = loop.create_future()
+    filter_percentage_done = loop.create_future()
 
     def on_state(state: EntityState) -> None:
         if not isinstance(state, SensorState) or state.missing_state:
@@ -66,6 +68,12 @@ async def test_sensor_filters_delta(
             and not filter_zero_delta_done.done()
         ):
             filter_zero_delta_done.set_result(True)
+        elif (
+            sensor_name == "filter_percentage"
+            and len(sensor_values[sensor_name]) == 3
+            and not filter_percentage_done.done()
+        ):
+            filter_percentage_done.set_result(True)
 
     async with (
         run_compiled(yaml_config),
@@ -80,6 +88,7 @@ async def test_sensor_filters_delta(
                 "filter_max": "Filter Max",
                 "filter_baseline_max": "Filter Baseline Max",
                 "filter_zero_delta": "Filter Zero Delta",
+                "filter_percentage": "Filter Percentage",
             },
         )
 
@@ -98,13 +107,14 @@ async def test_sensor_filters_delta(
             "Test Filter Max": "filter_max",
             "Test Filter Baseline Max": "filter_baseline_max",
             "Test Filter Zero Delta": "filter_zero_delta",
+            "Test Filter Percentage": "filter_percentage",
         }
         buttons = {}
         for entity in entities:
             if isinstance(entity, ButtonInfo) and entity.name in button_name_map:
                 buttons[button_name_map[entity.name]] = entity.key
 
-        assert len(buttons) == 4, f"Expected 3 buttons, found {len(buttons)}"
+        assert len(buttons) == 5, f"Expected 5 buttons, found {len(buttons)}"
 
         # Test 1: Min
         sensor_values["filter_min"].clear()
@@ -161,3 +171,18 @@ async def test_sensor_filters_delta(
         assert sensor_values["filter_zero_delta"] == pytest.approx(expected), (
             f"Test 4 failed: expected {expected}, got {sensor_values['filter_zero_delta']}"
         )
+
+        # Test 5: Percentage (delta: 50%)
+        sensor_values["filter_percentage"].clear()
+        client.button_command(buttons["filter_percentage"])
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(filter_percentage_done, timeout=2.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(
+                f"Test 5 timed out. Values: {sensor_values['filter_percentage']}"
+            )
+
+        expected = [100.0, 160.0, 250.0]
+        assert sensor_values["filter_percentage"] == pytest.approx(expected), (
+            f"Test 5 failed: expected {expected}, got {sensor_values['filter_percentage']}"
+        )

From 789da5fdf822a7332adb7e670ff2de9353907bc3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2026 20:13:44 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 214/609] [logger] Mark Logger and LoggerMessageTrigger as
 final (#14291)

---
 esphome/components/logger/logger.h | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/logger.h b/esphome/components/logger/logger.h
index 90722ee79c..263d12b444 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/logger.h
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/logger.h
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ enum UARTSelection : uint8_t {
  * 2. Works with ESP-IDF's pthread implementation that uses a linked list for TLS variables
  * 3. Avoids the limitations of the fixed FreeRTOS task local storage slots
  */
-class Logger : public Component {
+class Logger final : public Component {
  public:
   explicit Logger(uint32_t baud_rate);
 #ifdef USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
@@ -481,7 +481,7 @@ class Logger : public Component {
 };
 extern Logger *global_logger;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
-class LoggerMessageTrigger : public Trigger<uint8_t, const char *, const char *> {
+class LoggerMessageTrigger final : public Trigger<uint8_t, const char *, const char *> {
  public:
   explicit LoggerMessageTrigger(Logger *parent, uint8_t level) : level_(level) {
     parent->add_log_callback(this,

From 478a876b0156763e27605ed22e034fb2ed442a3c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2026 20:13:51 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 215/609] [mdns] Mark MDNSComponent as final (#14290)

---
 esphome/components/mdns/mdns_component.h | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_component.h b/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_component.h
index 32f8f16ec1..13c8ccf288 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_component.h
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ struct MDNSService {
   FixedVector<MDNSTXTRecord> txt_records;
 };
 
-class MDNSComponent : public Component {
+class MDNSComponent final : public Component {
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;

From cced0a82b55d17ae402425c86dfd9654ed4f7d86 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2026 20:14:04 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 216/609] [ota] Mark OTA backend and component leaf classes as
 final (#14287)

---
 esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.h           | 2 +-
 esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.h | 2 +-
 esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_libretiny.h | 2 +-
 esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_rp2040.h    | 2 +-
 esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp8266.h           | 2 +-
 esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp_idf.h           | 2 +-
 esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_host.h              | 2 +-
 esphome/components/web_server/ota/ota_web_server.h     | 2 +-
 8 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.h b/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.h
index c9e89c82ba..53715cfe6a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.h
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 namespace esphome {
 
 /// ESPHomeOTAComponent provides a simple way to integrate Over-the-Air updates into your app using ArduinoOTA.
-class ESPHomeOTAComponent : public ota::OTAComponent {
+class ESPHomeOTAComponent final : public ota::OTAComponent {
  public:
   enum class OTAState : uint8_t {
     IDLE,
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.h b/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.h
index e3f1a4aa90..6d39b0d466 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.h
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.h
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ enum OtaHttpRequestError : uint8_t {
   OTA_CONNECTION_ERROR = 0x12,
 };
 
-class OtaHttpRequestComponent : public ota::OTAComponent, public Parented<HttpRequestComponent> {
+class OtaHttpRequestComponent final : public ota::OTAComponent, public Parented<HttpRequestComponent> {
  public:
   void dump_config() override;
   float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::AFTER_WIFI; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_libretiny.h b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_libretiny.h
index 6d9b7a96d5..8f9d268eec 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_libretiny.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_libretiny.h
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace ota {
 
-class ArduinoLibreTinyOTABackend : public OTABackend {
+class ArduinoLibreTinyOTABackend final : public OTABackend {
  public:
   OTAResponseTypes begin(size_t image_size) override;
   void set_update_md5(const char *md5) override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_rp2040.h b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_rp2040.h
index b9e10d506c..6a708f9c57 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_rp2040.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_rp2040.h
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace ota {
 
-class ArduinoRP2040OTABackend : public OTABackend {
+class ArduinoRP2040OTABackend final : public OTABackend {
  public:
   OTAResponseTypes begin(size_t image_size) override;
   void set_update_md5(const char *md5) override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp8266.h b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp8266.h
index a9d6dd2ccc..52f657f006 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp8266.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp8266.h
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ namespace esphome::ota {
 /// OTA backend for ESP8266 using native SDK functions.
 /// This implementation bypasses the Arduino Updater library to save ~228 bytes of RAM
 /// by not having a global Update object in .bss.
-class ESP8266OTABackend : public OTABackend {
+class ESP8266OTABackend final : public OTABackend {
  public:
   OTAResponseTypes begin(size_t image_size) override;
   void set_update_md5(const char *md5) override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp_idf.h b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp_idf.h
index 764010e614..7f7f6115c5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp_idf.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp_idf.h
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace ota {
 
-class IDFOTABackend : public OTABackend {
+class IDFOTABackend final : public OTABackend {
  public:
   OTAResponseTypes begin(size_t image_size) override;
   void set_update_md5(const char *md5) override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_host.h b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_host.h
index ae7d0cb0b3..5a2dcfcf39 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_host.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_host.h
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ namespace esphome::ota {
 /// Stub OTA backend for host platform - allows compilation but does not implement OTA.
 /// All operations return error codes immediately. This enables configurations with
 /// OTA triggers to compile for host platform during development.
-class HostOTABackend : public OTABackend {
+class HostOTABackend final : public OTABackend {
  public:
   OTAResponseTypes begin(size_t image_size) override;
   void set_update_md5(const char *md5) override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/ota/ota_web_server.h b/esphome/components/web_server/ota/ota_web_server.h
index 53ff99899c..0857c31c5d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/ota/ota_web_server.h
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/ota/ota_web_server.h
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::web_server {
 
-class WebServerOTAComponent : public ota::OTAComponent {
+class WebServerOTAComponent final : public ota::OTAComponent {
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;

From ee4d67930f11a4af1997190f9dc576db8a0d05c2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2026 20:14:16 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 217/609] [api] Mark ListEntitiesIterator and
 InitialStateIterator as final (#14284)

---
 esphome/components/api/list_entities.h   | 2 +-
 esphome/components/api/subscribe_state.h | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/list_entities.h b/esphome/components/api/list_entities.h
index 90769f9a81..7d0eb5bb13 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/list_entities.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/list_entities.h
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class APIConnection;
     return this->client_->schedule_message_(entity, ResponseType::MESSAGE_TYPE, ResponseType::ESTIMATED_SIZE); \
   }
 
-class ListEntitiesIterator : public ComponentIterator {
+class ListEntitiesIterator final : public ComponentIterator {
  public:
   ListEntitiesIterator(APIConnection *client);
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/subscribe_state.h b/esphome/components/api/subscribe_state.h
index 6f8577ca7b..9edf0f0f0c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/subscribe_state.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/subscribe_state.h
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class APIConnection;
     return this->client_->send_##entity_type##_state(entity); \
   }
 
-class InitialStateIterator : public ComponentIterator {
+class InitialStateIterator final : public ComponentIterator {
  public:
   InitialStateIterator(APIConnection *client);
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR

From d52f8c9c6f250024f8ce4a353100919cb2b25215 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2026 20:14:33 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 218/609] [web_server] Mark classes as final (#14283)

---
 esphome/components/web_server/list_entities.cpp | 2 --
 esphome/components/web_server/list_entities.h   | 3 +--
 esphome/components/web_server/web_server.h      | 6 +++---
 3 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/list_entities.cpp b/esphome/components/web_server/list_entities.cpp
index 8458298062..ebe7bf4450 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/list_entities.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/list_entities.cpp
@@ -14,8 +14,6 @@ ListEntitiesIterator::ListEntitiesIterator(const WebServer *ws, AsyncEventSource
 ListEntitiesIterator::ListEntitiesIterator(const WebServer *ws, DeferredUpdateEventSource *es)
     : web_server_(ws), events_(es) {}
 #endif
-ListEntitiesIterator::~ListEntitiesIterator() {}
-
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
 bool ListEntitiesIterator::on_binary_sensor(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *obj) {
   this->events_->deferrable_send_state(obj, "state_detail_all", WebServer::binary_sensor_all_json_generator);
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/list_entities.h b/esphome/components/web_server/list_entities.h
index d0a4fa2725..6a84066109 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/list_entities.h
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/list_entities.h
@@ -17,14 +17,13 @@ class DeferredUpdateEventSource;
 #endif
 class WebServer;
 
-class ListEntitiesIterator : public ComponentIterator {
+class ListEntitiesIterator final : public ComponentIterator {
  public:
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
   ListEntitiesIterator(const WebServer *ws, esphome::web_server_idf::AsyncEventSource *es);
 #elif defined(USE_ARDUINO)
   ListEntitiesIterator(const WebServer *ws, DeferredUpdateEventSource *es);
 #endif
-  virtual ~ListEntitiesIterator();
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
   bool on_binary_sensor(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *obj) override;
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.h b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.h
index 76c1c8b0bd..64c492f82b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.h
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.h
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ enum JsonDetail { DETAIL_ALL, DETAIL_STATE };
 using message_generator_t = json::SerializationBuffer<>(WebServer *, void *);
 
 class DeferredUpdateEventSourceList;
-class DeferredUpdateEventSource : public AsyncEventSource {
+class DeferredUpdateEventSource final : public AsyncEventSource {
   friend class DeferredUpdateEventSourceList;
 
   /*
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ class DeferredUpdateEventSource : public AsyncEventSource {
   void try_send_nodefer(const char *message, const char *event = nullptr, uint32_t id = 0, uint32_t reconnect = 0);
 };
 
-class DeferredUpdateEventSourceList : public std::list<DeferredUpdateEventSource *> {
+class DeferredUpdateEventSourceList final : public std::list<DeferredUpdateEventSource *> {
  protected:
   void on_client_connect_(DeferredUpdateEventSource *source);
   void on_client_disconnect_(DeferredUpdateEventSource *source);
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ class DeferredUpdateEventSourceList : public std::list<DeferredUpdateEventSource
  * under the '/light/...', '/sensor/...', ... URLs. A full documentation for this API
  * can be found under https://esphome.io/web-api/.
  */
-class WebServer : public Controller, public Component, public AsyncWebHandler {
+class WebServer final : public Controller, public Component, public AsyncWebHandler {
 #if !defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_ARDUINO)
   friend class DeferredUpdateEventSourceList;
 #endif

From 962cbfb9d80128994ac700790bd608bc5fc45afc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 25 Feb 2026 20:14:53 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 219/609] [safe_mode] Mark SafeModeComponent and
 SafeModeTrigger as final (#14282)

---
 esphome/components/safe_mode/automation.h | 2 +-
 esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.h  | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/safe_mode/automation.h b/esphome/components/safe_mode/automation.h
index 952ed4da33..1d82ac45f1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/safe_mode/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/components/safe_mode/automation.h
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::safe_mode {
 
-class SafeModeTrigger : public Trigger<> {
+class SafeModeTrigger final : public Trigger<> {
  public:
   explicit SafeModeTrigger(SafeModeComponent *parent) {
     parent->add_on_safe_mode_callback([this]() { trigger(); });
diff --git a/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.h b/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.h
index a4d27c15da..902b8c415d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.h
+++ b/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.h
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ namespace esphome::safe_mode {
 constexpr uint32_t RTC_KEY = 233825507UL;
 
 /// SafeModeComponent provides a safe way to recover from repeated boot failures
-class SafeModeComponent : public Component {
+class SafeModeComponent final : public Component {
  public:
   bool should_enter_safe_mode(uint8_t num_attempts, uint32_t enable_time, uint32_t boot_is_good_after);
 

From 6c253f0c71958a182cf1d9c4ad64a10b2b62957f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 26 Feb 2026 08:40:43 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 220/609] [sprinkler] Fix millis overflow and underflow bugs
 (#14299)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci-lite[bot] <117423508+pre-commit-ci-lite[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/sprinkler/sprinkler.cpp | 81 +++++++++++-----------
 esphome/components/sprinkler/sprinkler.h   |  4 +-
 2 files changed, 43 insertions(+), 42 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/sprinkler/sprinkler.cpp b/esphome/components/sprinkler/sprinkler.cpp
index 9e423c1760..d82d7baaf6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sprinkler/sprinkler.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sprinkler/sprinkler.cpp
@@ -84,32 +84,30 @@ SprinklerValveOperator::SprinklerValveOperator(SprinklerValve *valve, Sprinkler
     : controller_(controller), valve_(valve) {}
 
 void SprinklerValveOperator::loop() {
+  // Use wrapping subtraction so 32-bit millis() rollover is handled correctly:
+  // (now - start) yields the true elapsed time even across the 49.7-day boundary.
   uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
-  if (now >= this->start_millis_) {  // dummy check
-    switch (this->state_) {
-      case STARTING:
-        if (now > (this->start_millis_ + this->start_delay_)) {
-          this->run_();  // start_delay_ has been exceeded, so ensure both valves are on and update the state
-        }
-        break;
+  switch (this->state_) {
+    case STARTING:
+      if ((now - *this->start_millis_) > this->start_delay_) {
+        this->run_();  // start_delay_ has been exceeded, so ensure both valves are on and update the state
+      }
+      break;
 
-      case ACTIVE:
-        if (now > (this->start_millis_ + this->start_delay_ + this->run_duration_)) {
-          this->stop();  // start_delay_ + run_duration_ has been exceeded, start shutting down
-        }
-        break;
+    case ACTIVE:
+      if ((now - *this->start_millis_) > (this->start_delay_ + this->run_duration_)) {
+        this->stop();  // start_delay_ + run_duration_ has been exceeded, start shutting down
+      }
+      break;
 
-      case STOPPING:
-        if (now > (this->stop_millis_ + this->stop_delay_)) {
-          this->kill_();  // stop_delay_has been exceeded, ensure all valves are off
-        }
-        break;
+    case STOPPING:
+      if ((now - *this->stop_millis_) > this->stop_delay_) {
+        this->kill_();  // stop_delay_has been exceeded, ensure all valves are off
+      }
+      break;
 
-      default:
-        break;
-    }
-  } else {         // perhaps millis() rolled over...or something else is horribly wrong!
-    this->stop();  // bail out (TODO: handle this highly unlikely situation better...)
+    default:
+      break;
   }
 }
 
@@ -124,11 +122,11 @@ void SprinklerValveOperator::set_valve(SprinklerValve *valve) {
     if (this->state_ != IDLE) {  // Only kill if not already idle
       this->kill_();             // ensure everything is off before we let go!
     }
-    this->state_ = IDLE;      // reset state
-    this->run_duration_ = 0;  // reset to ensure the valve isn't started without updating it
-    this->start_millis_ = 0;  // reset because (new) valve has not been started yet
-    this->stop_millis_ = 0;   // reset because (new) valve has not been started yet
-    this->valve_ = valve;     // finally, set the pointer to the new valve
+    this->state_ = IDLE;          // reset state
+    this->run_duration_ = 0;      // reset to ensure the valve isn't started without updating it
+    this->start_millis_.reset();  // reset because (new) valve has not been started yet
+    this->stop_millis_.reset();   // reset because (new) valve has not been started yet
+    this->valve_ = valve;         // finally, set the pointer to the new valve
   }
 }
 
@@ -162,7 +160,7 @@ void SprinklerValveOperator::start() {
   } else {
     this->run_();  // there is no start_delay_, so just start the pump and valve
   }
-  this->stop_millis_ = 0;
+  this->stop_millis_.reset();
   this->start_millis_ = millis();  // save the time the start request was made
 }
 
@@ -189,22 +187,25 @@ void SprinklerValveOperator::stop() {
 uint32_t SprinklerValveOperator::run_duration() { return this->run_duration_ / 1000; }
 
 uint32_t SprinklerValveOperator::time_remaining() {
-  if (this->start_millis_ == 0) {
+  if (!this->start_millis_.has_value()) {
     return this->run_duration();  // hasn't been started yet
   }
 
-  if (this->stop_millis_) {
-    if (this->stop_millis_ - this->start_millis_ >= this->start_delay_ + this->run_duration_) {
+  if (this->stop_millis_.has_value()) {
+    uint32_t elapsed = *this->stop_millis_ - *this->start_millis_;
+    if (elapsed >= this->start_delay_ + this->run_duration_) {
       return 0;  // valve was active for more than its configured duration, so we are done
-    } else {
-      // we're stopped; return time remaining
-      return (this->run_duration_ - (this->stop_millis_ - this->start_millis_)) / 1000;
     }
+    if (elapsed <= this->start_delay_) {
+      return this->run_duration_ / 1000;  // stopped during start delay, full run duration remains
+    }
+    return (this->run_duration_ - (elapsed - this->start_delay_)) / 1000;
   }
 
-  auto completed_millis = this->start_millis_ + this->start_delay_ + this->run_duration_;
-  if (completed_millis > millis()) {
-    return (completed_millis - millis()) / 1000;  // running now
+  uint32_t elapsed = millis() - *this->start_millis_;
+  uint32_t total_duration = this->start_delay_ + this->run_duration_;
+  if (elapsed < total_duration) {
+    return (total_duration - elapsed) / 1000;  // running now
   }
   return 0;  // run completed
 }
@@ -593,7 +594,7 @@ void Sprinkler::set_repeat(optional<uint32_t> repeat) {
   if (this->repeat_number_ == nullptr) {
     return;
   }
-  if (this->repeat_number_->state == repeat.value()) {
+  if (this->repeat_number_->state == repeat.value_or(0)) {
     return;
   }
   auto call = this->repeat_number_->make_call();
@@ -793,7 +794,7 @@ void Sprinkler::start_single_valve(const optional<size_t> valve_number, optional
 void Sprinkler::queue_valve(optional<size_t> valve_number, optional<uint32_t> run_duration) {
   if (valve_number.has_value()) {
     if (this->is_a_valid_valve(valve_number.value()) && (this->queued_valves_.size() < this->max_queue_size_)) {
-      SprinklerQueueItem item{valve_number.value(), run_duration.value()};
+      SprinklerQueueItem item{valve_number.value(), run_duration.value_or(0)};
       this->queued_valves_.insert(this->queued_valves_.begin(), item);
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Valve %zu placed into queue with run duration of %" PRIu32 " seconds", valve_number.value_or(0),
                run_duration.value_or(0));
@@ -1080,7 +1081,7 @@ uint32_t Sprinkler::total_cycle_time_enabled_incomplete_valves() {
     }
   }
 
-  if (incomplete_valve_count >= enabled_valve_count) {
+  if (incomplete_valve_count > 0 && incomplete_valve_count >= enabled_valve_count) {
     incomplete_valve_count--;
   }
   if (incomplete_valve_count) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/sprinkler/sprinkler.h b/esphome/components/sprinkler/sprinkler.h
index a3cdef5b1a..2598a5606a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sprinkler/sprinkler.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sprinkler/sprinkler.h
@@ -141,8 +141,8 @@ class SprinklerValveOperator {
   uint32_t start_delay_{0};
   uint32_t stop_delay_{0};
   uint32_t run_duration_{0};
-  uint64_t start_millis_{0};
-  uint64_t stop_millis_{0};
+  optional<uint32_t> start_millis_{};
+  optional<uint32_t> stop_millis_{};
   Sprinkler *controller_{nullptr};
   SprinklerValve *valve_{nullptr};
   SprinklerState state_{IDLE};

From a05d0202e696b5498787b3b895acd71915844ac5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 26 Feb 2026 09:21:27 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 221/609] [core] ESP32: massively reduce main loop socket
 polling overhead by replacing select() (#14249)

---
 esphome/components/socket/__init__.py         |   8 +-
 esphome/components/socket/socket.h            |   2 +-
 esphome/core/application.cpp                  | 102 ++++++---
 esphome/core/application.h                    |  47 ++--
 esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.c               | 216 ++++++++++++++++++
 esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h               |  33 +++
 .../socket/test_wake_loop_threadsafe.py       |  39 ++++
 7 files changed, 397 insertions(+), 50 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.c
 create mode 100644 esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h

diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/__init__.py b/esphome/components/socket/__init__.py
index d82f0c7aba..5f4d04eb44 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/__init__.py
@@ -134,6 +134,8 @@ def require_wake_loop_threadsafe() -> None:
     IMPORTANT: This is for background thread context only, NOT ISR context.
     Socket operations are not safe to call from ISR handlers.
 
+    On ESP32, FreeRTOS task notifications are used instead (no socket needed).
+
     Example:
         from esphome.components import socket
 
@@ -147,8 +149,10 @@ def require_wake_loop_threadsafe() -> None:
     ):
         CORE.data[KEY_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE_REQUIRED] = True
         cg.add_define("USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE")
-        # Consume 1 socket for the shared wake notification socket
-        consume_sockets(1, "socket.wake_loop_threadsafe", SocketType.UDP)({})
+        if not CORE.is_esp32:
+            # Only non-ESP32 platforms need a UDP socket for wake notifications.
+            # ESP32 uses FreeRTOS task notifications instead (no socket needed).
+            consume_sockets(1, "socket.wake_loop_threadsafe", SocketType.UDP)({})
 
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/socket.h b/esphome/components/socket/socket.h
index c0098d689a..a771e2fe1a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/socket.h
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/socket.h
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class Socket {
   int get_fd() const { return -1; }
 #endif
 
-  /// Check if socket has data ready to read
+  /// Check if socket has data ready to read. Must only be called from the main loop thread.
   /// For select()-based sockets: non-virtual, checks Application's select() results
   /// For LWIP raw TCP sockets: virtual, checks internal buffer state
 #ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
diff --git a/esphome/core/application.cpp b/esphome/core/application.cpp
index 6a7683a987..fd6a14b50f 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/application.cpp
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 #include <esp_chip_info.h>
+#include "esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h"
+#include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
+#include <freertos/task.h>
 #endif
 #include "esphome/core/version.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
@@ -144,8 +147,14 @@ void Application::setup() {
   clear_setup_priority_overrides();
 #endif
 
-#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE)
-  // Set up wake socket for waking main loop from tasks
+#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_ESP32)
+  // Initialize fast select: saves main loop task handle for xTaskNotifyGive wake.
+  // Always init on ESP32 — the fast path (rcvevent reads + ulTaskNotifyTake) is used
+  // unconditionally when USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT is enabled.
+  esphome_lwip_fast_select_init();
+#endif
+#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE) && !defined(USE_ESP32)
+  // Set up wake socket for waking main loop from tasks (non-ESP32 only)
   this->setup_wake_loop_threadsafe_();
 #endif
 
@@ -523,7 +532,7 @@ void Application::enable_pending_loops_() {
 }
 
 void Application::before_loop_tasks_(uint32_t loop_start_time) {
-#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE)
+#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE) && !defined(USE_ESP32)
   // Drain wake notifications first to clear socket for next wake
   this->drain_wake_notifications_();
 #endif
@@ -576,11 +585,15 @@ bool Application::register_socket_fd(int fd) {
 #endif
 
   this->socket_fds_.push_back(fd);
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+  // Hook the socket's netconn callback for instant wake on receive events
+  esphome_lwip_hook_socket(fd);
+#else
   this->socket_fds_changed_ = true;
-
   if (fd > this->max_fd_) {
     this->max_fd_ = fd;
   }
+#endif
 
   return true;
 }
@@ -595,12 +608,14 @@ void Application::unregister_socket_fd(int fd) {
     if (this->socket_fds_[i] != fd)
       continue;
 
-    // Swap with last element and pop - O(1) removal since order doesn't matter
+    // Swap with last element and pop - O(1) removal since order doesn't matter.
+    // No need to unhook the netconn callback on ESP32 — all LwIP sockets share
+    // the same static event_callback, and the socket will be closed by the caller.
     if (i < this->socket_fds_.size() - 1)
       this->socket_fds_[i] = this->socket_fds_.back();
     this->socket_fds_.pop_back();
+#ifndef USE_ESP32
     this->socket_fds_changed_ = true;
-
     // Only recalculate max_fd if we removed the current max
     if (fd == this->max_fd_) {
       this->max_fd_ = -1;
@@ -609,6 +624,7 @@ void Application::unregister_socket_fd(int fd) {
           this->max_fd_ = sock_fd;
       }
     }
+#endif
     return;
   }
 }
@@ -616,16 +632,41 @@ void Application::unregister_socket_fd(int fd) {
 #endif
 
 void Application::yield_with_select_(uint32_t delay_ms) {
-  // Delay while monitoring sockets. When delay_ms is 0, always yield() to ensure other tasks run
-  // since select() with 0 timeout only polls without yielding.
-#ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
-  if (!this->socket_fds_.empty()) {
+  // Delay while monitoring sockets. When delay_ms is 0, always yield() to ensure other tasks run.
+#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_ESP32)
+  // ESP32 fast path: reads rcvevent directly via lwip_socket_dbg_get_socket() (~215 ns per socket).
+  // Safe because this runs on the main loop which owns socket lifetime (create, read, close).
+  if (delay_ms == 0) [[unlikely]] {
+    yield();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Check if any socket already has pending data before sleeping.
+  // If a socket still has unread data (rcvevent > 0) but the task notification was already
+  // consumed, ulTaskNotifyTake would block until timeout — adding up to delay_ms latency.
+  // This scan preserves select() semantics: return immediately when any fd is ready.
+  for (int fd : this->socket_fds_) {
+    if (esphome_lwip_socket_has_data(fd)) {
+      yield();
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Sleep with instant wake via FreeRTOS task notification.
+  // Woken by: callback wrapper (socket data arrives), wake_loop_threadsafe() (other tasks), or timeout.
+  // Without USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE, only hooked socket callbacks wake the task —
+  // background tasks won't call wake, so this degrades to a pure timeout (same as old select path).
+  ulTaskNotifyTake(pdTRUE, pdMS_TO_TICKS(delay_ms));
+
+#elif defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT)
+  // Non-ESP32 select() path (LibreTiny bk72xx/rtl87xx, host platform).
+  // ESP32 is excluded by the #if above — both BSD_SOCKETS and LWIP_SOCKETS on ESP32
+  // use LwIP under the hood, so the fast path handles all ESP32 socket implementations.
+  if (!this->socket_fds_.empty()) [[likely]] {
     // Update fd_set if socket list has changed
-    if (this->socket_fds_changed_) {
+    if (this->socket_fds_changed_) [[unlikely]] {
       FD_ZERO(&this->base_read_fds_);
-      // fd bounds are already validated in register_socket_fd() or guaranteed by platform design:
-      // - ESP32: LwIP guarantees fd < FD_SETSIZE by design (LWIP_SOCKET_OFFSET = FD_SETSIZE - CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_SOCKETS)
-      // - Other platforms: register_socket_fd() validates fd < FD_SETSIZE
+      // fd bounds are validated in register_socket_fd()
       for (int fd : this->socket_fds_) {
         FD_SET(fd, &this->base_read_fds_);
       }
@@ -641,7 +682,7 @@ void Application::yield_with_select_(uint32_t delay_ms) {
     tv.tv_usec = (delay_ms - tv.tv_sec * 1000) * 1000;
 
     // Call select with timeout
-#if defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS) || (defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS))
+#ifdef USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS
     int ret = lwip_select(this->max_fd_ + 1, &this->read_fds_, nullptr, nullptr, &tv);
 #else
     int ret = ::select(this->max_fd_ + 1, &this->read_fds_, nullptr, nullptr, &tv);
@@ -651,19 +692,18 @@ void Application::yield_with_select_(uint32_t delay_ms) {
     // ret < 0: error (except EINTR which is normal)
     // ret > 0: socket(s) have data ready - normal and expected
     // ret == 0: timeout occurred - normal and expected
-    if (ret < 0 && errno != EINTR) {
-      // Actual error - log and fall back to delay
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "select() failed with errno %d", errno);
-      delay(delay_ms);
+    if (ret >= 0 || errno == EINTR) [[likely]] {
+      // Yield if zero timeout since select(0) only polls without yielding
+      if (delay_ms == 0) [[unlikely]] {
+        yield();
+      }
+      return;
     }
-    // When delay_ms is 0, we need to yield since select(0) doesn't yield
-    if (delay_ms == 0) {
-      yield();
-    }
-  } else {
-    // No sockets registered, use regular delay
-    delay(delay_ms);
+    // select() error - log and fall through to delay()
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "select() failed with errno %d", errno);
   }
+  // No sockets registered or select() failed - use regular delay
+  delay(delay_ms);
 #elif defined(USE_ESP8266) && defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP)
   // No select support but can wake on socket activity via esp_schedule()
   socket::socket_delay(delay_ms);
@@ -676,6 +716,14 @@ void Application::yield_with_select_(uint32_t delay_ms) {
 Application App;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
 #if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE)
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+void Application::wake_loop_threadsafe() {
+  // Direct FreeRTOS task notification — <1 us, task context only (NOT ISR-safe)
+  esphome_lwip_wake_main_loop();
+}
+#else   // !USE_ESP32
+
 void Application::setup_wake_loop_threadsafe_() {
   // Create UDP socket for wake notifications
   this->wake_socket_fd_ = lwip_socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
@@ -742,6 +790,8 @@ void Application::wake_loop_threadsafe() {
     lwip_send(this->wake_socket_fd_, &dummy, 1, 0);
   }
 }
+#endif  // USE_ESP32
+
 #endif  // defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE)
 
 void Application::get_build_time_string(std::span<char, BUILD_TIME_STR_SIZE> buffer) {
diff --git a/esphome/core/application.h b/esphome/core/application.h
index cd275bb97f..f5df5e7bdf 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.h
+++ b/esphome/core/application.h
@@ -24,10 +24,14 @@
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#include "esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h"
+#else
 #include <sys/select.h>
 #ifdef USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE
 #include <lwip/sockets.h>
 #endif
+#endif
 #endif  // USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
 
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
@@ -491,15 +495,12 @@ class Application {
   /// @return true if registration was successful, false if fd exceeds limits
   bool register_socket_fd(int fd);
   void unregister_socket_fd(int fd);
-  /// Check if there's data available on a socket without blocking
-  /// This function is thread-safe for reading, but should be called after select() has run
-  /// The read_fds_ is only modified by select() in the main loop
-  bool is_socket_ready(int fd) const { return fd >= 0 && this->is_socket_ready_(fd); }
 
 #ifdef USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE
-  /// Wake the main event loop from a FreeRTOS task
-  /// Thread-safe, can be called from task context to immediately wake select()
-  /// IMPORTANT: NOT safe to call from ISR context (socket operations not ISR-safe)
+  /// Wake the main event loop from another FreeRTOS task.
+  /// Thread-safe, but must only be called from task context (NOT ISR-safe).
+  /// On ESP32: uses xTaskNotifyGive (<1 us)
+  /// On other platforms: uses UDP loopback socket
   void wake_loop_threadsafe();
 #endif
 #endif
@@ -510,10 +511,14 @@ class Application {
 
 #ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
   /// Fast path for Socket::ready() via friendship - skips negative fd check.
-  /// Safe because: fd was validated in register_socket_fd() at registration time,
-  /// and Socket::ready() only calls this when loop_monitored_ is true (registration succeeded).
-  /// FD_ISSET may include its own upper bounds check depending on platform.
+  /// Main loop only — on ESP32, reads rcvevent via lwip_socket_dbg_get_socket()
+  /// which has no refcount; safe only because the main loop owns socket lifetime
+  /// (creates, reads, and closes sockets on the same thread).
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+  bool is_socket_ready_(int fd) const { return esphome_lwip_socket_has_data(fd); }
+#else
   bool is_socket_ready_(int fd) const { return FD_ISSET(fd, &this->read_fds_); }
+#endif
 #endif
 
   void register_component_(Component *comp);
@@ -541,7 +546,7 @@ class Application {
   /// Perform a delay while also monitoring socket file descriptors for readiness
   void yield_with_select_(uint32_t delay_ms);
 
-#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE)
+#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE) && !defined(USE_ESP32)
   void setup_wake_loop_threadsafe_();       // Create wake notification socket
   inline void drain_wake_notifications_();  // Read pending wake notifications in main loop (hot path - inlined)
 #endif
@@ -571,7 +576,7 @@ class Application {
   FixedVector<Component *> looping_components_{};
 #ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
   std::vector<int> socket_fds_;  // Vector of all monitored socket file descriptors
-#ifdef USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE
+#if defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE) && !defined(USE_ESP32)
   int wake_socket_fd_{-1};  // Shared wake notification socket for waking main loop from tasks
 #endif
 #endif
@@ -584,7 +589,7 @@ class Application {
   uint32_t last_loop_{0};
   uint32_t loop_component_start_time_{0};
 
-#ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
+#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && !defined(USE_ESP32)
   int max_fd_{-1};  // Highest file descriptor number for select()
 #endif
 
@@ -600,14 +605,14 @@ class Application {
   bool in_loop_{false};
   volatile bool has_pending_enable_loop_requests_{false};
 
-#ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
+#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && !defined(USE_ESP32)
   bool socket_fds_changed_{false};  // Flag to rebuild base_read_fds_ when socket_fds_ changes
 #endif
 
-#ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
-  // Variable-sized members
+#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && !defined(USE_ESP32)
+  // Variable-sized members (not needed on ESP32 — is_socket_ready_ reads rcvevent directly)
+  fd_set read_fds_{};       // Working fd_set: populated by select()
   fd_set base_read_fds_{};  // Cached fd_set rebuilt only when socket_fds_ changes
-  fd_set read_fds_{};       // Working fd_set for select(), copied from base_read_fds_
 #endif
 
   // StaticVectors (largest members - contain actual array data inline)
@@ -694,7 +699,7 @@ class Application {
 /// Global storage of Application pointer - only one Application can exist.
 extern Application App;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
-#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE)
+#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE) && !defined(USE_ESP32)
 // Inline implementations for hot-path functions
 // drain_wake_notifications_() is called on every loop iteration
 
@@ -704,8 +709,8 @@ static constexpr size_t WAKE_NOTIFY_DRAIN_BUFFER_SIZE = 16;
 
 inline void Application::drain_wake_notifications_() {
   // Called from main loop to drain any pending wake notifications
-  // Must check is_socket_ready() to avoid blocking on empty socket
-  if (this->wake_socket_fd_ >= 0 && this->is_socket_ready(this->wake_socket_fd_)) {
+  // Must check is_socket_ready_() to avoid blocking on empty socket
+  if (this->wake_socket_fd_ >= 0 && this->is_socket_ready_(this->wake_socket_fd_)) {
     char buffer[WAKE_NOTIFY_DRAIN_BUFFER_SIZE];
     // Drain all pending notifications with non-blocking reads
     // Multiple wake events may have triggered multiple writes, so drain until EWOULDBLOCK
@@ -716,6 +721,6 @@ inline void Application::drain_wake_notifications_() {
     }
   }
 }
-#endif  // defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE)
+#endif  // defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE) && !defined(USE_ESP32)
 
 }  // namespace esphome
diff --git a/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.c b/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..70a6482d48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.c
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+// Fast socket monitoring for ESP32 (ESP-IDF LwIP)
+// Replaces lwip_select() with direct rcvevent reads and FreeRTOS task notifications.
+//
+// This must be a .c file (not .cpp) because:
+// 1. lwip/priv/sockets_priv.h conflicts with C++ compilation units that include bootloader headers
+// 2. The netconn callback is a C function pointer
+//
+// defines.h is force-included by the build system (-include flag), providing USE_ESP32 etc.
+//
+// Thread safety analysis
+// ======================
+// Three threads interact with this code:
+//   1. Main loop task   — calls init, has_data, hook
+//   2. LwIP TCP/IP task — calls event_callback (reads s_original_callback; writes rcvevent
+//                         via the original callback under SYS_ARCH_PROTECT/UNPROTECT mutex)
+//   3. Background tasks — call wake_main_loop
+//
+// LwIP source references (ESP-IDF v5.5.2, commit 30aaf64524):
+//   sockets.c: https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/blob/30aaf64524/components/lwip/lwip/src/api/sockets.c
+//     - event_callback (static, same for all sockets): L327
+//     - DEFAULT_SOCKET_EVENTCB = event_callback: L328
+//     - tryget_socket_unconn_nouse (direct array lookup): L450
+//     - lwip_socket_dbg_get_socket (thin wrapper): L461
+//     - All socket types use DEFAULT_SOCKET_EVENTCB: L1741, L1748, L1759
+//     - event_callback definition: L2538
+//     - SYS_ARCH_PROTECT before rcvevent switch: L2578
+//     - sock->rcvevent++ (NETCONN_EVT_RCVPLUS case): L2582
+//     - SYS_ARCH_UNPROTECT after switch: L2615
+//   sys.h: https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/blob/30aaf64524/components/lwip/lwip/src/include/lwip/sys.h
+//     - SYS_ARCH_PROTECT calls sys_arch_protect(): L495
+//     - SYS_ARCH_UNPROTECT calls sys_arch_unprotect(): L506
+//     (ESP-IDF implements sys_arch_protect/unprotect as FreeRTOS mutex lock/unlock)
+//
+// Socket slot lifetime
+// ====================
+// This code reads struct lwip_sock fields without SYS_ARCH_PROTECT. The safety
+// argument requires that the slot cannot be freed while we read it.
+//
+// In LwIP, the socket table is a static array and slots are only freed via:
+//   lwip_close() -> lwip_close_internal() -> free_socket_free_elements() -> free_socket()
+// The TCP/IP thread does NOT call free_socket(). On link loss, RST, or timeout
+// it frees the TCP PCB and signals the netconn (rcvevent++ to indicate EOF), but
+// the netconn and lwip_sock slot remain allocated until the application calls
+// lwip_close(). ESPHome removes the fd from the monitored set before calling
+// lwip_close().
+//
+// Therefore lwip_socket_dbg_get_socket(fd) plus a volatile read of rcvevent
+// (to prevent compiler reordering or caching) is safe as long as the application
+// is single-writer for close. ESPHome guarantees this by design: all socket
+// create/read/close happens on the main loop. fd numbers are not reused while
+// the slot remains allocated, and the slot remains allocated until lwip_close().
+// Any change in LwIP that allows free_socket() to be called outside lwip_close()
+// would invalidate this assumption.
+//
+// LwIP source references for slot lifetime:
+//   sockets.c (same commit as above):
+//     - alloc_socket (slot allocation): L419
+//     - free_socket (slot deallocation): L384
+//     - free_socket_free_elements (called from lwip_close_internal): L393
+//     - lwip_close_internal (only caller of free_socket_free_elements): L2355
+//     - lwip_close (only caller of lwip_close_internal): L2450
+//
+// Shared state and safety rationale:
+//
+//   s_main_loop_task (TaskHandle_t, 4 bytes):
+//     Written once by main loop in init(). Read by TCP/IP thread (in callback)
+//     and background tasks (in wake).
+//     Safe: write-once-then-read pattern. Socket hooks may run before init(),
+//     but the NULL check on s_main_loop_task in the callback provides correct
+//     degraded behavior — notifications are simply skipped until init() completes.
+//
+//   s_original_callback (netconn_callback, 4-byte function pointer):
+//     Written by main loop in hook_socket() (only when NULL — set once).
+//     Read by TCP/IP thread in esphome_socket_event_callback().
+//     Safe: set-once pattern. The first hook_socket() captures the original callback.
+//     All subsequent hooks see it already set and skip the write. The TCP/IP thread
+//     only reads this after the callback pointer has been swapped (which happens after
+//     the write), so it always sees the initialized value.
+//
+//   sock->conn->callback (netconn_callback, 4-byte function pointer):
+//     Written by main loop in hook_socket(). Never restored — all LwIP sockets share
+//     the same static event_callback (DEFAULT_SOCKET_EVENTCB), so the wrapper stays permanently.
+//     Read by TCP/IP thread when invoking the callback.
+//     Safe: 32-bit aligned pointer writes are atomic on Xtensa and RISC-V (ESP32).
+//     The TCP/IP thread will see either the old or new pointer atomically — never a
+//     torn value. Both the wrapper and original callbacks are valid at all times
+//     (the wrapper itself calls the original), so either value is correct.
+//
+//   sock->rcvevent (s16_t, 2 bytes):
+//     Written by TCP/IP thread in event_callback under SYS_ARCH_PROTECT.
+//     Read by main loop in has_data() via volatile cast.
+//     Safe: SYS_ARCH_UNPROTECT releases a FreeRTOS mutex, which internally
+//     uses a critical section with memory barrier (rsync on dual-core Xtensa; on
+//     single-core builds the spinlock is compiled out, but cross-core visibility is
+//     not an issue). The volatile cast prevents the compiler
+//     from caching the read. Aligned 16-bit reads are single-instruction loads on
+//     Xtensa (L16SI) and RISC-V (LH), which cannot produce torn values.
+//
+//   FreeRTOS task notification value:
+//     Written by TCP/IP thread (xTaskNotifyGive in callback) and background tasks
+//     (xTaskNotifyGive in wake_main_loop). Read by main loop (ulTaskNotifyTake).
+//     Safe: FreeRTOS notification APIs are thread-safe by design (use internal
+//     critical sections). Multiple concurrent xTaskNotifyGive calls are safe —
+//     the notification count simply increments.
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+
+// LwIP headers must come first — they define netconn_callback, struct lwip_sock, etc.
+#include <lwip/api.h>
+#include <lwip/priv/sockets_priv.h>
+#include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
+#include <freertos/task.h>
+
+#include "esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h"
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+// Compile-time verification of thread safety assumptions.
+// On ESP32 (Xtensa/RISC-V), naturally-aligned reads/writes up to 32 bits are atomic.
+// These asserts ensure our cross-thread shared state meets those requirements.
+
+// Pointer types must fit in a single 32-bit store (atomic write)
+_Static_assert(sizeof(TaskHandle_t) <= 4, "TaskHandle_t must be <= 4 bytes for atomic access");
+_Static_assert(sizeof(netconn_callback) <= 4, "netconn_callback must be <= 4 bytes for atomic access");
+
+// rcvevent must fit in a single atomic read
+_Static_assert(sizeof(((struct lwip_sock *) 0)->rcvevent) <= 4, "rcvevent must be <= 4 bytes for atomic access");
+
+// Struct member alignment — natural alignment guarantees atomicity on Xtensa/RISC-V.
+// Misaligned access would not be atomic even if the size is <= 4 bytes.
+_Static_assert(offsetof(struct netconn, callback) % sizeof(netconn_callback) == 0,
+               "netconn.callback must be naturally aligned for atomic access");
+_Static_assert(offsetof(struct lwip_sock, rcvevent) % sizeof(((struct lwip_sock *) 0)->rcvevent) == 0,
+               "lwip_sock.rcvevent must be naturally aligned for atomic access");
+
+// Task handle for the main loop — written once in init(), read from TCP/IP and background tasks.
+static TaskHandle_t s_main_loop_task = NULL;
+
+// Saved original event_callback pointer — written once in first hook_socket(), read from TCP/IP task.
+static netconn_callback s_original_callback = NULL;
+
+// Wrapper callback: calls original event_callback + notifies main loop task.
+// Called from LwIP's TCP/IP thread when socket events occur (task context, not ISR).
+static void esphome_socket_event_callback(struct netconn *conn, enum netconn_evt evt, u16_t len) {
+  // Call original LwIP event_callback first — updates rcvevent/sendevent/errevent,
+  // signals any select() waiters. This preserves all LwIP behavior.
+  // s_original_callback is always valid here: hook_socket() sets it before swapping
+  // the callback pointer, so this wrapper cannot run until it's initialized.
+  s_original_callback(conn, evt, len);
+  // Wake the main loop task if sleeping in ulTaskNotifyTake().
+  // Only notify on receive events to avoid spurious wakeups from send-ready events.
+  // NETCONN_EVT_ERROR is deliberately omitted: LwIP signals errors via RCVPLUS
+  // (rcvevent++ with a NULL pbuf or error in recvmbox), so error conditions
+  // already wake the main loop through the RCVPLUS path.
+  if (evt == NETCONN_EVT_RCVPLUS) {
+    TaskHandle_t task = s_main_loop_task;
+    if (task != NULL) {
+      xTaskNotifyGive(task);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void esphome_lwip_fast_select_init(void) { s_main_loop_task = xTaskGetCurrentTaskHandle(); }
+
+// lwip_socket_dbg_get_socket() is a thin wrapper around the static
+// tryget_socket_unconn_nouse() — a direct array lookup without the refcount
+// that get_socket()/done_socket() uses. This is safe because:
+// 1. The only path to free_socket() is lwip_close(), called exclusively from the main loop
+// 2. The TCP/IP thread never frees socket slots (see "Socket slot lifetime" above)
+// 3. Both has_data() reads and lwip_close() run on the main loop — no concurrent free
+// If lwip_socket_dbg_get_socket() were ever removed, we could fall back to lwip_select().
+// Returns the sock only if both the sock and its netconn are valid, NULL otherwise.
+static inline struct lwip_sock *get_sock(int fd) {
+  struct lwip_sock *sock = lwip_socket_dbg_get_socket(fd);
+  if (sock == NULL || sock->conn == NULL)
+    return NULL;
+  return sock;
+}
+
+bool esphome_lwip_socket_has_data(int fd) {
+  struct lwip_sock *sock = get_sock(fd);
+  if (sock == NULL)
+    return false;
+  // volatile prevents the compiler from caching/reordering this cross-thread read.
+  // The write side (TCP/IP thread) commits via SYS_ARCH_UNPROTECT which releases a
+  // FreeRTOS mutex with a memory barrier (rsync on Xtensa), ensuring the value is
+  // visible. Aligned 16-bit reads are single-instruction loads (L16SI/LH) on
+  // Xtensa/RISC-V and cannot produce torn values.
+  return *(volatile s16_t *) &sock->rcvevent > 0;
+}
+
+void esphome_lwip_hook_socket(int fd) {
+  struct lwip_sock *sock = get_sock(fd);
+  if (sock == NULL)
+    return;
+
+  // Save original callback once — all LwIP sockets share the same static event_callback
+  // (DEFAULT_SOCKET_EVENTCB in sockets.c, used for SOCK_RAW, SOCK_DGRAM, and SOCK_STREAM).
+  if (s_original_callback == NULL) {
+    s_original_callback = sock->conn->callback;
+  }
+
+  // Replace with our wrapper. Atomic on ESP32 (32-bit aligned pointer write).
+  // TCP/IP thread sees either old or new pointer — both are valid.
+  sock->conn->callback = esphome_socket_event_callback;
+}
+
+// Wake the main loop from another FreeRTOS task. NOT ISR-safe.
+void esphome_lwip_wake_main_loop(void) {
+  TaskHandle_t task = s_main_loop_task;
+  if (task != NULL) {
+    xTaskNotifyGive(task);
+  }
+}
+
+#endif  // USE_ESP32
diff --git a/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h b/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..73a89fdc3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#pragma once
+
+// Fast socket monitoring for ESP32 (ESP-IDF LwIP)
+// Replaces lwip_select() with direct rcvevent reads and FreeRTOS task notifications.
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/// Initialize fast select — must be called from the main loop task during setup().
+/// Saves the current task handle for xTaskNotifyGive() wake notifications.
+void esphome_lwip_fast_select_init(void);
+
+/// Check if a LwIP socket has data ready via direct rcvevent read (~215 ns per socket).
+/// Uses lwip_socket_dbg_get_socket() — a direct array lookup without the refcount that
+/// get_socket()/done_socket() uses. Safe because the caller owns the socket lifetime:
+/// both has_data reads and socket close/unregister happen on the main loop thread.
+bool esphome_lwip_socket_has_data(int fd);
+
+/// Hook a socket's netconn callback to notify the main loop task on receive events.
+/// Wraps the original event_callback with one that also calls xTaskNotifyGive().
+/// Must be called from the main loop after socket creation.
+void esphome_lwip_hook_socket(int fd);
+
+/// Wake the main loop task from another FreeRTOS task — costs <1 us.
+/// NOT ISR-safe — must only be called from task context.
+void esphome_lwip_wake_main_loop(void);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/tests/components/socket/test_wake_loop_threadsafe.py b/tests/components/socket/test_wake_loop_threadsafe.py
index a40b6068a8..28b4ee564f 100644
--- a/tests/components/socket/test_wake_loop_threadsafe.py
+++ b/tests/components/socket/test_wake_loop_threadsafe.py
@@ -1,9 +1,21 @@
 from esphome.components import socket
+from esphome.const import (
+    KEY_CORE,
+    KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM,
+    PLATFORM_ESP32,
+    PLATFORM_ESP8266,
+)
 from esphome.core import CORE
 
 
+def _setup_platform(platform=PLATFORM_ESP8266) -> None:
+    """Set up CORE.data with a platform for testing."""
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = {KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: platform}
+
+
 def test_require_wake_loop_threadsafe__first_call() -> None:
     """Test that first call sets up define and consumes socket."""
+    _setup_platform()
     CORE.config = {"wifi": True}
     socket.require_wake_loop_threadsafe()
 
@@ -32,6 +44,7 @@ def test_require_wake_loop_threadsafe__idempotent() -> None:
 
 def test_require_wake_loop_threadsafe__multiple_calls() -> None:
     """Test that multiple calls only set up once."""
+    _setup_platform()
     # Call three times
     CORE.config = {"openthread": True}
     socket.require_wake_loop_threadsafe()
@@ -75,3 +88,29 @@ def test_require_wake_loop_threadsafe__no_networking_does_not_consume_socket() -
     udp_consumers = CORE.data.get(socket.KEY_SOCKET_CONSUMERS_UDP, {})
     assert "socket.wake_loop_threadsafe" not in udp_consumers
     assert udp_consumers == initial_udp
+
+
+def test_require_wake_loop_threadsafe__esp32_no_udp_socket() -> None:
+    """Test that ESP32 uses task notifications instead of UDP socket."""
+    _setup_platform(PLATFORM_ESP32)
+    CORE.config = {"wifi": True}
+    socket.require_wake_loop_threadsafe()
+
+    # Verify the define was added
+    assert CORE.data[socket.KEY_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE_REQUIRED] is True
+    assert any(d.name == "USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE" for d in CORE.defines)
+
+    # Verify no UDP socket was consumed (ESP32 uses FreeRTOS task notifications)
+    udp_consumers = CORE.data.get(socket.KEY_SOCKET_CONSUMERS_UDP, {})
+    assert "socket.wake_loop_threadsafe" not in udp_consumers
+
+
+def test_require_wake_loop_threadsafe__non_esp32_consumes_udp_socket() -> None:
+    """Test that non-ESP32 platforms consume a UDP socket for wake notifications."""
+    _setup_platform(PLATFORM_ESP8266)
+    CORE.config = {"wifi": True}
+    socket.require_wake_loop_threadsafe()
+
+    # Verify UDP socket was consumed
+    udp_consumers = CORE.data.get(socket.KEY_SOCKET_CONSUMERS_UDP, {})
+    assert udp_consumers.get("socket.wake_loop_threadsafe") == 1

From be000eab4e0cb4f9eaa3807b069c143c4eeee5b6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 26 Feb 2026 11:02:52 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 222/609] [ci] Add undocumented C++ API change checkbox and
 auto-label (#14317)

---
 .github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md           | 5 +++--
 .github/scripts/auto-label-pr/constants.js | 1 +
 .github/scripts/auto-label-pr/detectors.js | 1 +
 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md b/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
index d1ef3bd822..965b186c31 100644
--- a/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
+++ b/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
@@ -6,8 +6,9 @@
 
 - [ ] Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
 - [ ] New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
-- [ ] Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
-- [ ] Developer breaking change (an API change that could break external components)
+- [ ] Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected) — [policy](https://developers.esphome.io/contributing/code/#what-constitutes-a-c-breaking-change)
+- [ ] Developer breaking change (an API change that could break external components) — [policy](https://developers.esphome.io/contributing/code/#what-is-considered-public-c-api)
+- [ ] Undocumented C++ API change (removal or change of undocumented public methods that lambda users may depend on) — [policy](https://developers.esphome.io/contributing/code/#c-user-expectations)
 - [ ] Code quality improvements to existing code or addition of tests
 - [ ] Other
 
diff --git a/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/constants.js b/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/constants.js
index bd60d8c766..8c3a62cf19 100644
--- a/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/constants.js
+++ b/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/constants.js
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ module.exports = {
     'new-feature',
     'breaking-change',
     'developer-breaking-change',
+    'undocumented-api-change',
     'code-quality',
     'deprecated-component'
   ],
diff --git a/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/detectors.js b/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/detectors.js
index f502a85666..a45a84f219 100644
--- a/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/detectors.js
+++ b/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/detectors.js
@@ -238,6 +238,7 @@ async function detectPRTemplateCheckboxes(context) {
     { pattern: /- \[x\] New feature \(non-breaking change which adds functionality\)/i, label: 'new-feature' },
     { pattern: /- \[x\] Breaking change \(fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected\)/i, label: 'breaking-change' },
     { pattern: /- \[x\] Developer breaking change \(an API change that could break external components\)/i, label: 'developer-breaking-change' },
+    { pattern: /- \[x\] Undocumented C\+\+ API change \(removal or change of undocumented public methods that lambda users may depend on\)/i, label: 'undocumented-api-change' },
     { pattern: /- \[x\] Code quality improvements to existing code or addition of tests/i, label: 'code-quality' }
   ];
 

From ae16c3bae7450db7bba0b1c06755022e5b2696e9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 26 Feb 2026 11:25:36 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 223/609] Add socket compile tests for libretiny platforms
 (#14314)

---
 tests/components/socket/test.bk72xx-ard.yaml  | 1 +
 tests/components/socket/test.ln882x-ard.yaml  | 1 +
 tests/components/socket/test.rtl87xx-ard.yaml | 1 +
 3 files changed, 3 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tests/components/socket/test.bk72xx-ard.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/components/socket/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/components/socket/test.rtl87xx-ard.yaml

diff --git a/tests/components/socket/test.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/socket/test.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dade44d145
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/socket/test.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/socket/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/socket/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dade44d145
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/socket/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/socket/test.rtl87xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/socket/test.rtl87xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dade44d145
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/socket/test.rtl87xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<<: !include common.yaml

From 1912dcf03da6f0d1590f3708cf8ddad9b404ef04 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 26 Feb 2026 12:07:42 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 224/609] [core] Use placement new for global Application
 instance (#14052)

---
 esphome/core/application.cpp | 10 +++++++++-
 esphome/core/config.py       |  3 +++
 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/application.cpp b/esphome/core/application.cpp
index fd6a14b50f..a9753da1b5 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/application.cpp
@@ -713,7 +713,15 @@ void Application::yield_with_select_(uint32_t delay_ms) {
 #endif
 }
 
-Application App;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+// App storage — asm label shares the linker symbol with "extern Application App".
+// char[] is trivially destructible, so no __cxa_atexit or destructor chain is emitted.
+// Constructed via placement new in the generated setup().
+#ifndef __GXX_ABI_VERSION
+#error "Application placement new requires Itanium C++ ABI (GCC/Clang)"
+#endif
+static_assert(std::is_default_constructible<Application>::value, "Application must be default-constructible");
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+alignas(Application) char app_storage[sizeof(Application)] asm("_ZN7esphome3AppE");
 
 #if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE)
 
diff --git a/esphome/core/config.py b/esphome/core/config.py
index 21ed8ced1a..215432835a 100644
--- a/esphome/core/config.py
+++ b/esphome/core/config.py
@@ -512,6 +512,9 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_global(cg.RawExpression("using std::min"))
     cg.add_global(cg.RawExpression("using std::max"))
 
+    # Construct App via placement new — see application.cpp for storage details
+    cg.add_global(cg.RawStatement("#include <new>"))
+    cg.add(cg.RawExpression("new (&App) Application()"))
     cg.add(
         cg.App.pre_setup(
             config[CONF_NAME],

From 4c3bb1596e876259f496cafc682dfb75e34d3089 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 26 Feb 2026 12:14:46 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 225/609] [wifi] Use memcpy-based insertion sort for scan
 results (#13960)

---
 esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp | 50 ++++++++++++++++++++--
 esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h   |  9 ++++
 2 files changed, 55 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
index d5d0419395..1e6961b8bd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include <cassert>
 #include <cinttypes>
 #include <cmath>
+#include <type_traits>
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 #if (ESP_IDF_VERSION_MAJOR >= 5 && ESP_IDF_VERSION_MINOR >= 1)
@@ -1334,20 +1335,61 @@ void WiFiComponent::start_scanning() {
 // Using insertion sort instead of std::stable_sort saves flash memory
 // by avoiding template instantiations (std::rotate, std::stable_sort, lambdas)
 // IMPORTANT: This sort is stable (preserves relative order of equal elements)
+//
+// Uses raw memcpy instead of copy assignment to avoid CompactString's
+// destructor/constructor overhead (heap delete[]/new[] for long SSIDs).
+// Copy assignment calls ~CompactString() then placement-new for every shift,
+// which means delete[]/new[] per shift for heap-allocated SSIDs. With 70+
+// networks (e.g., captive portal showing full scan results), this caused
+// event loop blocking from hundreds of heap operations in a tight loop.
+//
+// This is safe because we're permuting elements within the same array —
+// each slot is overwritten exactly once, so no ownership duplication occurs.
+// All members of WiFiScanResult are either trivially copyable (bssid, channel,
+// rssi, priority, flags) or CompactString, which stores either inline data or
+// a heap pointer — never a self-referential pointer (unlike std::string's SSO
+// on some implementations). This was not possible before PR#13472 replaced
+// std::string with CompactString, since std::string's internal layout is
+// implementation-defined and may use self-referential pointers.
+//
+// TODO: If C++ standardizes std::trivially_relocatable, add the assertion for
+// WiFiScanResult/CompactString here to formally express the memcpy safety guarantee.
 template<typename VectorType> static void insertion_sort_scan_results(VectorType &results) {
+  // memcpy-based sort requires no self-referential pointers or virtual dispatch.
+  // These static_asserts guard the assumptions. If any fire, the memcpy sort
+  // must be reviewed for safety before updating the expected values.
+  //
+  // No vtable pointers (memcpy would corrupt vptr)
+  static_assert(!std::is_polymorphic<WiFiScanResult>::value, "WiFiScanResult must not have vtable");
+  static_assert(!std::is_polymorphic<CompactString>::value, "CompactString must not have vtable");
+  // Standard layout ensures predictable memory layout with no virtual bases
+  // and no mixed-access-specifier reordering
+  static_assert(std::is_standard_layout<WiFiScanResult>::value, "WiFiScanResult must be standard layout");
+  static_assert(std::is_standard_layout<CompactString>::value, "CompactString must be standard layout");
+  // Size checks catch added/removed fields that may need safety review
+  static_assert(sizeof(WiFiScanResult) == 32, "WiFiScanResult size changed - verify memcpy sort is still safe");
+  static_assert(sizeof(CompactString) == 20, "CompactString size changed - verify memcpy sort is still safe");
+  // Alignment must match for reinterpret_cast of key_buf to be valid
+  static_assert(alignof(WiFiScanResult) <= alignof(std::max_align_t), "WiFiScanResult alignment exceeds max_align_t");
   const size_t size = results.size();
+  constexpr size_t elem_size = sizeof(WiFiScanResult);
+  // Suppress warnings for intentional memcpy on non-trivially-copyable type.
+  // Safety is guaranteed by the static_asserts above and the permutation invariant.
+  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-undefined-memory-manipulation)
+  auto *memcpy_fn = &memcpy;
   for (size_t i = 1; i < size; i++) {
-    // Make a copy to avoid issues with move semantics during comparison
-    WiFiScanResult key = results[i];
+    alignas(WiFiScanResult) uint8_t key_buf[elem_size];
+    memcpy_fn(key_buf, &results[i], elem_size);
+    const auto &key = *reinterpret_cast<const WiFiScanResult *>(key_buf);
     int32_t j = i - 1;
 
     // Move elements that are worse than key to the right
     // For stability, we only move if key is strictly better than results[j]
     while (j >= 0 && wifi_scan_result_is_better(key, results[j])) {
-      results[j + 1] = results[j];
+      memcpy_fn(&results[j + 1], &results[j], elem_size);
       j--;
     }
-    results[j + 1] = key;
+    memcpy_fn(&results[j + 1], key_buf, elem_size);
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
index 984930c80c..63c7039f21 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 
 #include <span>
 #include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
 #include <vector>
 
 #ifdef USE_LIBRETINY
@@ -223,6 +224,14 @@ class CompactString {
 };
 
 static_assert(sizeof(CompactString) == 20, "CompactString must be exactly 20 bytes");
+// CompactString is not trivially copyable (non-trivial destructor/copy for heap case).
+// However, its layout has no self-referential pointers: storage_[] contains either inline
+// data or an external heap pointer — never a pointer to itself. This is unlike libstdc++
+// std::string SSO where _M_p points to _M_local_buf within the same object.
+// This property allows memcpy-based permutation sorting where each element ends up in
+// exactly one slot (no ownership duplication). These asserts document that layout property.
+static_assert(std::is_standard_layout<CompactString>::value, "CompactString must be standard layout");
+static_assert(!std::is_polymorphic<CompactString>::value, "CompactString must not have vtable");
 
 class WiFiAP {
   friend class WiFiComponent;

From c149be20fcf8d2eecc8a4c518673f2bb8cc1bc42 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 26 Feb 2026 19:31:47 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 226/609] Bump aioesphomeapi from 44.1.0 to 44.2.0 (#14324)

Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 requirements.txt | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index d22097b3ca..95e3710f9e 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ platformio==6.1.19
 esptool==5.2.0
 click==8.1.7
 esphome-dashboard==20260210.0
-aioesphomeapi==44.1.0
+aioesphomeapi==44.2.0
 zeroconf==0.148.0
 puremagic==1.30
 ruamel.yaml==0.19.1 # dashboard_import

From 8da1e3ce21de2e720294c1ff05d3021a07b0ddb7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 26 Feb 2026 19:32:53 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 227/609] Bump ruff from 0.15.2 to 0.15.3 (#14323)

Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@home-assistant.io>
---
 .pre-commit-config.yaml | 2 +-
 requirements_test.txt   | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 07d02e0e3c..d70dd9d0e1 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ ci:
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
     # Ruff version.
-    rev: v0.15.2
+    rev: v0.15.3
     hooks:
       # Run the linter.
       - id: ruff
diff --git a/requirements_test.txt b/requirements_test.txt
index 3e5dc8a90c..88a38ffa99 100644
--- a/requirements_test.txt
+++ b/requirements_test.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 pylint==4.0.5
 flake8==7.3.0  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
-ruff==0.15.2  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
+ruff==0.15.3  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
 pyupgrade==3.21.2  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
 pre-commit
 

From d325890148091a682c31185ccf1c5d3864e8c303 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 26 Feb 2026 14:48:05 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 228/609] [cc1101] Transition through IDLE in begin_tx/begin_rx
 for reliable state changes (#14321)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/cc1101/cc1101.cpp | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/cc1101/cc1101.cpp b/esphome/components/cc1101/cc1101.cpp
index b6973da78d..51aa88b8f7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cc1101/cc1101.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/cc1101/cc1101.cpp
@@ -242,6 +242,9 @@ void CC1101Component::begin_tx() {
   if (this->gdo0_pin_ != nullptr) {
     this->gdo0_pin_->pin_mode(gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT);
   }
+  // Transition through IDLE to bypass CCA (Clear Channel Assessment) which can
+  // block TX entry when strobing from RX, and to ensure FS_AUTOCAL calibration
+  this->enter_idle_();
   if (!this->enter_tx_()) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to enter TX state!");
   }
@@ -252,6 +255,8 @@ void CC1101Component::begin_rx() {
   if (this->gdo0_pin_ != nullptr) {
     this->gdo0_pin_->pin_mode(gpio::FLAG_INPUT);
   }
+  // Transition through IDLE to ensure FS_AUTOCAL calibration occurs
+  this->enter_idle_();
   if (!this->enter_rx_()) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to enter RX state!");
   }

From e8b45e53fd4020ecc65500e9df8c0c7145b4f1fe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 26 Feb 2026 13:02:25 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 229/609] [libretiny] Use -Os optimization for ESPHome source
 on BK72xx (SDK remains at -O1) (#14322)

---
 esphome/components/libretiny/__init__.py      | 10 +++++++++-
 esphome/components/libretiny/lt_component.cpp |  3 +++
 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/libretiny/__init__.py b/esphome/components/libretiny/__init__.py
index 2291114d9a..8f99124604 100644
--- a/esphome/components/libretiny/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/libretiny/__init__.py
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ from esphome.storage_json import StorageJSON
 
 from . import gpio  # noqa
 from .const import (
+    COMPONENT_BK72XX,
     CONF_GPIO_RECOVER,
     CONF_LOGLEVEL,
     CONF_SDK_SILENT,
@@ -453,7 +454,14 @@ async def component_to_code(config):
     cg.add_platformio_option("lib_ldf_mode", "off")
     cg.add_platformio_option("lib_compat_mode", "soft")
     # include <Arduino.h> in every file
-    cg.add_platformio_option("build_src_flags", "-include Arduino.h")
+    build_src_flags = "-include Arduino.h"
+    if FAMILY_COMPONENT[config[CONF_FAMILY]] == COMPONENT_BK72XX:
+        # LibreTiny forces -O1 globally for BK72xx because the Beken SDK
+        # has issues with higher optimization levels. However, ESPHome code
+        # works fine with -Os (used on every other platform), so override
+        # it for project source files only. GCC uses the last -O flag.
+        build_src_flags += " -Os"
+    cg.add_platformio_option("build_src_flags", build_src_flags)
     # dummy version code
     cg.add_define("USE_ARDUINO_VERSION_CODE", cg.RawExpression("VERSION_CODE(0, 0, 0)"))
     # decrease web server stack size (16k words -> 4k words)
diff --git a/esphome/components/libretiny/lt_component.cpp b/esphome/components/libretiny/lt_component.cpp
index ffccd0ad7a..834245c147 100644
--- a/esphome/components/libretiny/lt_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/libretiny/lt_component.cpp
@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@ void LTComponent::dump_config() {
                 "  Version: %s\n"
                 "  Loglevel: %u",
                 LT_BANNER_STR + 10, LT_LOGLEVEL);
+#if defined(__OPTIMIZE_SIZE__) && __OPTIMIZE_LEVEL__ > 0 && __OPTIMIZE_LEVEL__ <= 3
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Optimization: -Os, SDK: -O" STRINGIFY_MACRO(__OPTIMIZE_LEVEL__));
+#endif
 
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
   if (this->version_ != nullptr) {

From 08035261b85617b6b978336c8ca56629a86bb5cc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 26 Feb 2026 13:02:36 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 230/609] [libretiny] Use C++17 nested namespace syntax
 (#14325)

---
 esphome/components/libretiny/core.h           | 4 +---
 esphome/components/libretiny/gpio_arduino.cpp | 7 ++++---
 esphome/components/libretiny/gpio_arduino.h   | 6 ++----
 esphome/components/libretiny/lt_component.cpp | 6 ++----
 esphome/components/libretiny/lt_component.h   | 6 ++----
 esphome/components/libretiny/preferences.cpp  | 7 ++++---
 esphome/components/libretiny/preferences.h    | 6 ++----
 7 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/libretiny/core.h b/esphome/components/libretiny/core.h
index 9458df1f16..f909db4f0f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/libretiny/core.h
+++ b/esphome/components/libretiny/core.h
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
 
 #include <Arduino.h>
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace libretiny {}  // namespace libretiny
-}  // namespace esphome
+namespace esphome::libretiny {}  // namespace esphome::libretiny
 
 #endif  // USE_LIBRETINY
diff --git a/esphome/components/libretiny/gpio_arduino.cpp b/esphome/components/libretiny/gpio_arduino.cpp
index 0b14c77cf2..1af0dce16d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/libretiny/gpio_arduino.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/libretiny/gpio_arduino.cpp
@@ -3,8 +3,7 @@
 #include "gpio_arduino.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace libretiny {
+namespace esphome::libretiny {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "lt.gpio";
 
@@ -77,7 +76,9 @@ void ArduinoInternalGPIOPin::detach_interrupt() const {
   detachInterrupt(pin_);  // NOLINT
 }
 
-}  // namespace libretiny
+}  // namespace esphome::libretiny
+
+namespace esphome {
 
 using namespace libretiny;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/libretiny/gpio_arduino.h b/esphome/components/libretiny/gpio_arduino.h
index 30c7c33869..5f1fa3fec7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/libretiny/gpio_arduino.h
+++ b/esphome/components/libretiny/gpio_arduino.h
@@ -3,8 +3,7 @@
 #ifdef USE_LIBRETINY
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace libretiny {
+namespace esphome::libretiny {
 
 class ArduinoInternalGPIOPin : public InternalGPIOPin {
  public:
@@ -31,7 +30,6 @@ class ArduinoInternalGPIOPin : public InternalGPIOPin {
   gpio::Flags flags_{};
 };
 
-}  // namespace libretiny
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::libretiny
 
 #endif  // USE_LIBRETINY
diff --git a/esphome/components/libretiny/lt_component.cpp b/esphome/components/libretiny/lt_component.cpp
index 834245c147..c01661b3a6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/libretiny/lt_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/libretiny/lt_component.cpp
@@ -4,8 +4,7 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace libretiny {
+namespace esphome::libretiny {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "lt.component";
 
@@ -28,7 +27,6 @@ void LTComponent::dump_config() {
 
 float LTComponent::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::LATE; }
 
-}  // namespace libretiny
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::libretiny
 
 #endif  // USE_LIBRETINY
diff --git a/esphome/components/libretiny/lt_component.h b/esphome/components/libretiny/lt_component.h
index 3d4483ab5d..896f1901e3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/libretiny/lt_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/libretiny/lt_component.h
@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@
 #include "esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h"
 #endif
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace libretiny {
+namespace esphome::libretiny {
 
 class LTComponent : public Component {
  public:
@@ -30,7 +29,6 @@ class LTComponent : public Component {
 #endif  // USE_TEXT_SENSOR
 };
 
-}  // namespace libretiny
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::libretiny
 
 #endif  // USE_LIBRETINY
diff --git a/esphome/components/libretiny/preferences.cpp b/esphome/components/libretiny/preferences.cpp
index 8549631e46..740c1a233a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/libretiny/preferences.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/libretiny/preferences.cpp
@@ -8,8 +8,7 @@
 #include <cstring>
 #include <memory>
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace libretiny {
+namespace esphome::libretiny {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "lt.preferences";
 
@@ -194,7 +193,9 @@ void setup_preferences() {
   global_preferences = &s_preferences;
 }
 
-}  // namespace libretiny
+}  // namespace esphome::libretiny
+
+namespace esphome {
 
 ESPPreferences *global_preferences;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/libretiny/preferences.h b/esphome/components/libretiny/preferences.h
index 8ec3cd31b1..68f377bd3e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/libretiny/preferences.h
+++ b/esphome/components/libretiny/preferences.h
@@ -2,12 +2,10 @@
 
 #ifdef USE_LIBRETINY
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace libretiny {
+namespace esphome::libretiny {
 
 void setup_preferences();
 
-}  // namespace libretiny
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::libretiny
 
 #endif  // USE_LIBRETINY

From 54edc46c7f95ee35ec3c681276aa6a789fdeafdc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Oliver Kleinecke <okleinecke@web.de>
Date: Thu, 26 Feb 2026 21:12:52 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 231/609] [esp_ldo] Add channels 1&2 support and passthrough
 mode (#14177)

---
 esphome/components/esp_ldo/__init__.py        | 67 ++++++++++++++++---
 esphome/components/esp_ldo/esp_ldo.cpp        | 20 +++---
 esphome/components/esp_ldo/esp_ldo.h          |  4 +-
 .../components/esp_ldo/test.esp32-p4-idf.yaml |  9 ++-
 4 files changed, 75 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp_ldo/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp_ldo/__init__.py
index f136dd149b..5235a9411e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp_ldo/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp_ldo/__init__.py
@@ -13,22 +13,63 @@ esp_ldo_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("esp_ldo")
 EspLdo = esp_ldo_ns.class_("EspLdo", cg.Component)
 AdjustAction = esp_ldo_ns.class_("AdjustAction", Action)
 
-CHANNELS = (3, 4)
+CHANNELS = (1, 2, 3, 4)
+CHANNELS_INTERNAL = (1, 2)
 CONF_ADJUSTABLE = "adjustable"
+CONF_ALLOW_INTERNAL_CHANNEL = "allow_internal_channel"
+CONF_PASSTHROUGH = "passthrough"
 
 adjusted_ids = set()
 
+
+def validate_ldo_voltage(value):
+    if isinstance(value, str) and value.lower() == CONF_PASSTHROUGH:
+        return CONF_PASSTHROUGH
+    value = cv.voltage(value)
+    if 0.5 <= value <= 2.7:
+        return value
+    raise cv.Invalid(
+        f"LDO voltage must be in range 0.5V-2.7V or 'passthrough' (bypass mode), got {value}V"
+    )
+
+
+def validate_ldo_config(config):
+    channel = config[CONF_CHANNEL]
+    allow_internal = config[CONF_ALLOW_INTERNAL_CHANNEL]
+    if allow_internal and channel not in CHANNELS_INTERNAL:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"'{CONF_ALLOW_INTERNAL_CHANNEL}' is only valid for internal channels (1, 2). "
+            f"Channel {channel} is a user-configurable channel — its usage depends on your board schematic.",
+            path=[CONF_ALLOW_INTERNAL_CHANNEL],
+        )
+    if channel in CHANNELS_INTERNAL and not allow_internal:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"LDO channel {channel} is normally used internally by the chip (flash/PSRAM). "
+            f"Set '{CONF_ALLOW_INTERNAL_CHANNEL}: true' to confirm you know what you are doing.",
+            path=[CONF_CHANNEL],
+        )
+    if config[CONF_VOLTAGE] == CONF_PASSTHROUGH and config[CONF_ADJUSTABLE]:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            "Passthrough mode passes the supply voltage directly to the output and does not support "
+            "runtime voltage adjustment.",
+            path=[CONF_ADJUSTABLE],
+        )
+    return config
+
+
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.ensure_list(
-        cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA.extend(
-            {
-                cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(EspLdo),
-                cv.Required(CONF_VOLTAGE): cv.All(
-                    cv.voltage, cv.float_range(min=0.5, max=2.7)
-                ),
-                cv.Required(CONF_CHANNEL): cv.one_of(*CHANNELS, int=True),
-                cv.Optional(CONF_ADJUSTABLE, default=False): cv.boolean,
-            }
+        cv.All(
+            cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA.extend(
+                {
+                    cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(EspLdo),
+                    cv.Required(CONF_VOLTAGE): validate_ldo_voltage,
+                    cv.Required(CONF_CHANNEL): cv.one_of(*CHANNELS, int=True),
+                    cv.Optional(CONF_ADJUSTABLE, default=False): cv.boolean,
+                    cv.Optional(CONF_ALLOW_INTERNAL_CHANNEL, default=False): cv.boolean,
+                }
+            ),
+            validate_ldo_config,
         )
     ),
     cv.only_on_esp32,
@@ -40,7 +81,11 @@ async def to_code(configs):
     for config in configs:
         var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], config[CONF_CHANNEL])
         await cg.register_component(var, config)
-        cg.add(var.set_voltage(config[CONF_VOLTAGE]))
+        voltage = config[CONF_VOLTAGE]
+        if voltage == CONF_PASSTHROUGH:
+            cg.add(var.set_voltage(3300))
+        else:
+            cg.add(var.set_voltage(int(round(voltage * 1000))))
         cg.add(var.set_adjustable(config[CONF_ADJUSTABLE]))
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp_ldo/esp_ldo.cpp b/esphome/components/esp_ldo/esp_ldo.cpp
index 2eee855b46..f8ebec1903 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp_ldo/esp_ldo.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp_ldo/esp_ldo.cpp
@@ -10,32 +10,34 @@ static const char *const TAG = "esp_ldo";
 void EspLdo::setup() {
   esp_ldo_channel_config_t config{};
   config.chan_id = this->channel_;
-  config.voltage_mv = (int) (this->voltage_ * 1000.0f);
+  config.voltage_mv = this->voltage_mv_;
   config.flags.adjustable = this->adjustable_;
   auto err = esp_ldo_acquire_channel(&config, &this->handle_);
   if (err != ESP_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to acquire LDO channel %d with voltage %fV", this->channel_, this->voltage_);
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to acquire LDO channel %d with voltage %dmV", this->channel_, this->voltage_mv_);
     this->mark_failed(LOG_STR("Failed to acquire LDO channel"));
   } else {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Acquired LDO channel %d with voltage %fV", this->channel_, this->voltage_);
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Acquired LDO channel %d with voltage %dmV", this->channel_, this->voltage_mv_);
   }
 }
 void EspLdo::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "ESP LDO Channel %d:\n"
-                "  Voltage: %fV\n"
+                "  Voltage: %dmV\n"
                 "  Adjustable: %s",
-                this->channel_, this->voltage_, YESNO(this->adjustable_));
+                this->channel_, this->voltage_mv_, YESNO(this->adjustable_));
 }
 
 void EspLdo::adjust_voltage(float voltage) {
   if (!std::isfinite(voltage) || voltage < 0.5f || voltage > 2.7f) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid voltage %fV for LDO channel %d", voltage, this->channel_);
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid voltage %fV for LDO channel %d (must be 0.5V-2.7V)", voltage, this->channel_);
     return;
   }
-  auto erro = esp_ldo_channel_adjust_voltage(this->handle_, (int) (voltage * 1000.0f));
-  if (erro != ESP_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to adjust LDO channel %d to voltage %fV: %s", this->channel_, voltage, esp_err_to_name(erro));
+  int voltage_mv = (int) roundf(voltage * 1000.0f);
+  auto err = esp_ldo_channel_adjust_voltage(this->handle_, voltage_mv);
+  if (err != ESP_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to adjust LDO channel %d to voltage %dmV: %s", this->channel_, voltage_mv,
+             esp_err_to_name(err));
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp_ldo/esp_ldo.h b/esphome/components/esp_ldo/esp_ldo.h
index 9edd303e16..1a20f1d08a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp_ldo/esp_ldo.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esp_ldo/esp_ldo.h
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class EspLdo : public Component {
   void dump_config() override;
 
   void set_adjustable(bool adjustable) { this->adjustable_ = adjustable; }
-  void set_voltage(float voltage) { this->voltage_ = voltage; }
+  void set_voltage(int voltage_mv) { this->voltage_mv_ = voltage_mv; }
   void adjust_voltage(float voltage);
   float get_setup_priority() const override {
     return setup_priority::BUS;  // LDO setup should be done early
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ class EspLdo : public Component {
 
  protected:
   int channel_;
-  float voltage_{2.7};
+  int voltage_mv_{2700};
   bool adjustable_{false};
   esp_ldo_channel_handle_t handle_{};
 };
diff --git a/tests/components/esp_ldo/test.esp32-p4-idf.yaml b/tests/components/esp_ldo/test.esp32-p4-idf.yaml
index 38bd6ac411..31d2b8cf7a 100644
--- a/tests/components/esp_ldo/test.esp32-p4-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/esp_ldo/test.esp32-p4-idf.yaml
@@ -3,10 +3,13 @@ esp_ldo:
     channel: 3
     voltage: 2.5V
     adjustable: true
-  - id: ldo_4
+  - id: ldo_4_passthrough
     channel: 4
-    voltage: 2.0V
-    setup_priority: 900
+    voltage: passthrough
+  - id: ldo_1_internal
+    channel: 1
+    voltage: 1.8V
+    allow_internal_channel: true
 
 esphome:
   on_boot:

From 8bd474fd017d31f4f8504f4c96db5a8e1a7f2f80 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: lyubomirtraykov <lyubomir.traykov@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 26 Feb 2026 22:27:18 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 232/609] [api] Add DEFROSTING to ClimateAction (#13976)

Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@koston.org>
---
 esphome/components/api/api.proto            | 1 +
 esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h            | 1 +
 esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp     | 2 ++
 esphome/components/climate/climate_mode.cpp | 6 ++++--
 esphome/components/climate/climate_mode.h   | 2 ++
 esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_climate.cpp    | 5 +++--
 6 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api.proto b/esphome/components/api/api.proto
index 18dac6a2d1..d7f32cd8d1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api.proto
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api.proto
@@ -989,6 +989,7 @@ enum ClimateAction {
   CLIMATE_ACTION_IDLE = 4;
   CLIMATE_ACTION_DRYING = 5;
   CLIMATE_ACTION_FAN = 6;
+  CLIMATE_ACTION_DEFROSTING = 7;
 }
 enum ClimatePreset {
   CLIMATE_PRESET_NONE = 0;
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h
index c2675cefe4..22dc3de995 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h
@@ -116,6 +116,7 @@ enum ClimateAction : uint32_t {
   CLIMATE_ACTION_IDLE = 4,
   CLIMATE_ACTION_DRYING = 5,
   CLIMATE_ACTION_FAN = 6,
+  CLIMATE_ACTION_DEFROSTING = 7,
 };
 enum ClimatePreset : uint32_t {
   CLIMATE_PRESET_NONE = 0,
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp
index 73690610ed..52d2486410 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp
@@ -321,6 +321,8 @@ template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::ClimateAction>(enums::Climate
       return "CLIMATE_ACTION_DRYING";
     case enums::CLIMATE_ACTION_FAN:
       return "CLIMATE_ACTION_FAN";
+    case enums::CLIMATE_ACTION_DEFROSTING:
+      return "CLIMATE_ACTION_DEFROSTING";
     default:
       return "UNKNOWN";
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/climate/climate_mode.cpp b/esphome/components/climate/climate_mode.cpp
index c4dd19d503..8e443f4146 100644
--- a/esphome/components/climate/climate_mode.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/climate/climate_mode.cpp
@@ -10,8 +10,10 @@ const LogString *climate_mode_to_string(ClimateMode mode) {
   return ClimateModeStrings::get_log_str(static_cast<uint8_t>(mode), ClimateModeStrings::LAST_INDEX);
 }
 
-// Climate action strings indexed by ClimateAction enum (0,2-6): OFF, (gap), COOLING, HEATING, IDLE, DRYING, FAN
-PROGMEM_STRING_TABLE(ClimateActionStrings, "OFF", "UNKNOWN", "COOLING", "HEATING", "IDLE", "DRYING", "FAN", "UNKNOWN");
+// Climate action strings indexed by ClimateAction enum (0,2-7): OFF, (gap), COOLING, HEATING, IDLE, DRYING, FAN,
+// DEFROSTING
+PROGMEM_STRING_TABLE(ClimateActionStrings, "OFF", "UNKNOWN", "COOLING", "HEATING", "IDLE", "DRYING", "FAN",
+                     "DEFROSTING", "UNKNOWN");
 
 const LogString *climate_action_to_string(ClimateAction action) {
   return ClimateActionStrings::get_log_str(static_cast<uint8_t>(action), ClimateActionStrings::LAST_INDEX);
diff --git a/esphome/components/climate/climate_mode.h b/esphome/components/climate/climate_mode.h
index c961c44248..014b1a9e64 100644
--- a/esphome/components/climate/climate_mode.h
+++ b/esphome/components/climate/climate_mode.h
@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ enum ClimateAction : uint8_t {
   CLIMATE_ACTION_DRYING = 5,
   /// The climate device is in fan only mode
   CLIMATE_ACTION_FAN = 6,
+  /// The climate device is defrosting
+  CLIMATE_ACTION_DEFROSTING = 7,
 };
 
 /// NOTE: If adding values, update ClimateFanModeMask in climate_traits.h to use the new last value
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_climate.cpp b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_climate.cpp
index 81b2e0e8db..443c983efe 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_climate.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_climate.cpp
@@ -20,9 +20,10 @@ static ProgmemStr climate_mode_to_mqtt_str(ClimateMode mode) {
   return ClimateMqttModeStrings::get_progmem_str(static_cast<uint8_t>(mode), ClimateMqttModeStrings::LAST_INDEX);
 }
 
-// Climate action MQTT strings indexed by ClimateAction enum (0,2-6): OFF, (gap), COOLING, HEATING, IDLE, DRYING, FAN
+// Climate action MQTT strings indexed by ClimateAction enum (0,2-7): OFF, (gap), COOLING, HEATING, IDLE, DRYING, FAN,
+// DEFROSTING
 PROGMEM_STRING_TABLE(ClimateMqttActionStrings, "off", "unknown", "cooling", "heating", "idle", "drying", "fan",
-                     "unknown");
+                     "defrosting", "unknown");
 
 static ProgmemStr climate_action_to_mqtt_str(ClimateAction action) {
   return ClimateMqttActionStrings::get_progmem_str(static_cast<uint8_t>(action), ClimateMqttActionStrings::LAST_INDEX);

From 67ba68a1a09adb4cf3cb8178d625645a59a33c29 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: esphomebot <esphome@openhomefoundation.org>
Date: Fri, 27 Feb 2026 11:21:40 +1300
Subject: [PATCH 233/609] Update webserver local assets to 20260226-220330
 (#14330)

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci-lite[bot] <117423508+pre-commit-ci-lite[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_index.h | 4 ++--
 esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v2.h   | 4 ++--
 esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v3.h   | 4 ++--
 3 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_index.h b/esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_index.h
index 645ebb7a2f..a81edc1900 100644
--- a/esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_index.h
+++ b/esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_index.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 namespace esphome::captive_portal {
 
 #ifdef USE_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_GZIP
-const uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
+constexpr uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
     0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x95, 0x16, 0x6b, 0x8f, 0xdb, 0x36, 0xf2, 0x7b, 0x7e,
     0x05, 0x8f, 0x49, 0xbb, 0x52, 0xb3, 0x7a, 0x7a, 0xed, 0x6c, 0x24, 0x51, 0x45, 0x9a, 0xbb, 0xa2, 0x05, 0x9a, 0x36,
     0xc0, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x1f, 0x82, 0x00, 0x4b, 0x53, 0x23, 0x8b, 0x31, 0x45, 0xea, 0x48, 0xca, 0x8f, 0x18, 0xbe, 0xdf,
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ const uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
     0xfc, 0xda, 0xd1, 0xf8, 0xe9, 0xa3, 0xe1, 0xa6, 0xfb, 0x1f, 0x53, 0x58, 0x46, 0xb2, 0xf9, 0x0a, 0x00, 0x00};
 
 #else  // Brotli (default, smaller)
-const uint8_t INDEX_BR[] PROGMEM = {
+constexpr uint8_t INDEX_BR[] PROGMEM = {
     0x1b, 0xf8, 0x0a, 0x00, 0x64, 0x5a, 0xd3, 0xfa, 0xe7, 0xf3, 0x62, 0xd8, 0x06, 0x1b, 0xe9, 0x6a, 0x8a, 0x81, 0x2b,
     0xb5, 0x49, 0x14, 0x37, 0xdc, 0x9e, 0x1a, 0xcb, 0x56, 0x87, 0xfb, 0xff, 0xf7, 0x73, 0x75, 0x12, 0x0a, 0xd6, 0x48,
     0x84, 0xc6, 0x21, 0xa4, 0x6d, 0xb5, 0x71, 0xef, 0x13, 0xbe, 0x4e, 0x54, 0xf1, 0x64, 0x8f, 0x3f, 0xcc, 0x9a, 0x78,
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v2.h b/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v2.h
index ffa9c87b3a..ac2195f387 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v2.h
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v2.h
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 namespace esphome::web_server {
 
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_GZIP
-const uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
+constexpr uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
     0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0xed, 0x7d, 0xd9, 0x72, 0xdb, 0x48, 0xb6, 0xe0, 0xf3,
     0xd4, 0x57, 0x40, 0x28, 0xb5, 0x8c, 0x2c, 0x26, 0xc1, 0x45, 0x92, 0x2d, 0x83, 0x4a, 0xb2, 0x65, 0xd9, 0xd5, 0x76,
     0x97, 0xb7, 0xb6, 0xec, 0xda, 0x58, 0x6c, 0x09, 0x02, 0x92, 0x44, 0x96, 0x41, 0x80, 0x05, 0x24, 0xb5, 0x14, 0x89,
@@ -698,7 +698,7 @@ const uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
     0x01, 0x65, 0x21, 0x07, 0x4b, 0xe3, 0x97, 0x00, 0x00};
 
 #else  // Brotli (default, smaller)
-const uint8_t INDEX_BR[] PROGMEM = {
+constexpr uint8_t INDEX_BR[] PROGMEM = {
     0x1b, 0xe2, 0x97, 0xa3, 0x90, 0xa2, 0x95, 0x55, 0x51, 0x04, 0x1b, 0x07, 0x80, 0x20, 0x79, 0x0e, 0x50, 0xab, 0x02,
     0xdb, 0x98, 0x16, 0xf4, 0x7b, 0x22, 0xa3, 0x4d, 0xd3, 0x86, 0xc1, 0x26, 0x48, 0x49, 0x60, 0xbe, 0xb3, 0xc9, 0xa1,
     0x8c, 0x96, 0x10, 0x1b, 0x21, 0xcf, 0x48, 0x68, 0xce, 0x10, 0x34, 0x32, 0x7c, 0xbf, 0x71, 0x7b, 0x03, 0x8f, 0xdd,
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v3.h b/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v3.h
index b7c15df32b..a1cafe8707 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v3.h
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/server_index_v3.h
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 namespace esphome::web_server {
 
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_GZIP
-const uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
+constexpr uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
     0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0xcc, 0xbd, 0x7b, 0x7f, 0x1a, 0xb9, 0xb2, 0x28, 0xfa,
     0xf7, 0x3d, 0x9f, 0xc2, 0xee, 0x9d, 0xf1, 0xb4, 0x8c, 0x68, 0x03, 0x36, 0x8e, 0xd3, 0x58, 0xe6, 0xe4, 0x39, 0xc9,
     0x3c, 0x92, 0x4c, 0x9c, 0x64, 0x26, 0xc3, 0xb0, 0x33, 0xa2, 0x11, 0xa0, 0xa4, 0x91, 0x98, 0x96, 0x88, 0xed, 0x01,
@@ -4107,7 +4107,7 @@ const uint8_t INDEX_GZ[] PROGMEM = {
     0xe8, 0xcd, 0xfe, 0x2c, 0x9d, 0x07, 0xfd, 0xff, 0x05, 0x64, 0x23, 0xa6, 0xdb, 0x06, 0x7b, 0x03, 0x00};
 
 #else  // Brotli (default, smaller)
-const uint8_t INDEX_BR[] PROGMEM = {
+constexpr uint8_t INDEX_BR[] PROGMEM = {
     0x5b, 0x05, 0x7b, 0x53, 0xc1, 0xb6, 0x69, 0x3d, 0x41, 0xeb, 0x04, 0x30, 0xf6, 0xd6, 0x77, 0x35, 0xdb, 0xa3, 0x08,
     0x36, 0x0e, 0x04, 0x80, 0x90, 0x4f, 0xf1, 0xb2, 0x21, 0xa4, 0x82, 0xee, 0x00, 0xaa, 0x20, 0x7f, 0x3b, 0xff, 0x00,
     0xaa, 0x9a, 0x73, 0x74, 0x8c, 0xe1, 0xa6, 0x1f, 0xa0, 0xa2, 0x59, 0xf5, 0xaa, 0x92, 0x79, 0x50, 0x43, 0x1f, 0xe8,

From 527d4964f61b77439c469d41207527c5677b813b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: George Joseph <gtjoseph@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 26 Feb 2026 17:38:07 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 234/609] [mipi_dsi] Add more Waveshare panels and comments
 (#14023)

---
 .../components/mipi_dsi/models/waveshare.py   | 139 +++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 136 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/models/waveshare.py b/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/models/waveshare.py
index bf4f9063bb..69414065f1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/models/waveshare.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/models/waveshare.py
@@ -2,7 +2,11 @@ from esphome.components.mipi import DriverChip
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 
 # fmt: off
-DriverChip(
+
+# Source for parameters and initsequence:
+#   https://github.com/waveshareteam/Waveshare-ESP32-components/tree/master/display/lcd/esp_lcd_jd9365_10_1
+# Product page: https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/ESP32-P4-Nano-StartPage
+JD9365_10_1_DSI_TOUCH_A = DriverChip(
     "WAVESHARE-P4-NANO-10.1",
     height=1280,
     width=800,
@@ -52,6 +56,15 @@ DriverChip(
     ],
 )
 
+# Standalone display
+# Product page: https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/10.1-DSI-TOUCH-A
+JD9365_10_1_DSI_TOUCH_A.extend(
+    "WAVESHARE-10.1-DSI-TOUCH-A",
+)
+
+# Source for parameters and initsequence:
+#   https://github.com/espressif/esp-iot-solution/tree/master/components/display/lcd/esp_lcd_st7703
+# Product page: https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/ESP32-P4-86-Panel-ETH-2RO
 DriverChip(
     "WAVESHARE-P4-86-PANEL",
     height=720,
@@ -95,6 +108,9 @@ DriverChip(
     ],
 )
 
+# Source for parameters and initsequence:
+#   https://github.com/espressif/esp-iot-solution/tree/master/components/display/lcd/esp_lcd_ek79007
+# Product page: https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/ESP32-P4-WIFI6-Touch-LCD-7B
 DriverChip(
     "WAVESHARE-ESP32-P4-WIFI6-TOUCH-LCD-7B",
     height=600,
@@ -121,7 +137,10 @@ DriverChip(
     ],
 )
 
-DriverChip(
+# Source for parameters and initsequence:
+#   https://github.com/waveshareteam/Waveshare-ESP32-components/tree/master/display/lcd/esp_lcd_jd9365
+# Product page: https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/ESP32-P4-WIFI6-Touch-LCD-3.4C
+JD9365_3_4_DSI_TOUCH_C = DriverChip(
     "WAVESHARE-ESP32-P4-WIFI6-TOUCH-LCD-3.4C",
     height=800,
     width=800,
@@ -170,7 +189,16 @@ DriverChip(
     ],
 )
 
-DriverChip(
+# Standalone display
+# Product page: https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/3.4-DSI-TOUCH-C
+JD9365_3_4_DSI_TOUCH_C.extend(
+    "WAVESHARE-3.4-DSI-TOUCH-C",
+)
+
+# Source for parameters and initsequence:
+#   https://github.com/waveshareteam/Waveshare-ESP32-components/tree/master/display/lcd/esp_lcd_jd9365
+# Product page: https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/ESP32-P4-WIFI6-Touch-LCD-4C
+JD9365_4_DSI_TOUCH_C = DriverChip(
     "WAVESHARE-ESP32-P4-WIFI6-TOUCH-LCD-4C",
     height=720,
     width=720,
@@ -218,3 +246,108 @@ DriverChip(
         (0xE0, 0x00),  # select userpage
     ]
 )
+
+# Standalone display
+# Product page: https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/4-DSI-TOUCH-C
+JD9365_4_DSI_TOUCH_C.extend(
+    "WAVESHARE-4-DSI-TOUCH-C",
+)
+
+# Source for parameters and initsequence:
+#   https://github.com/waveshareteam/Waveshare-ESP32-components/tree/master/display/lcd/esp_lcd_jd9365
+# Product page: https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/8-DSI-TOUCH-A
+DriverChip(
+    "WAVESHARE-8-DSI-TOUCH-A",
+    height=1280,
+    width=800,
+    hsync_back_porch=20,
+    hsync_pulse_width=20,
+    hsync_front_porch=40,
+    vsync_back_porch=12,
+    vsync_pulse_width=4,
+    vsync_front_porch=30,
+    pclk_frequency="80MHz",
+    lane_bit_rate="1.5Gbps",
+    swap_xy=cv.UNDEFINED,
+    color_order="RGB",
+    initsequence=[
+        (0xE0, 0x00),  # select userpage
+        (0xE1, 0x93), (0xE2, 0x65), (0xE3, 0xF8),
+        (0x80, 0x01),  # Select number of lanes (2)
+        (0xE0, 0x01),  # select page 1
+        (0x00, 0x00), (0x01, 0x4E), (0x03, 0x00), (0x04, 0x65), (0x0C, 0x74), (0x17, 0x00), (0x18, 0xB7), (0x19, 0x00),
+        (0x1A, 0x00), (0x1B, 0xB7), (0x1C, 0x00), (0x24, 0xFE), (0x37, 0x19), (0x38, 0x05), (0x39, 0x00), (0x3A, 0x01),
+        (0x3B, 0x01), (0x3C, 0x70), (0x3D, 0xFF), (0x3E, 0xFF), (0x3F, 0xFF), (0x40, 0x06), (0x41, 0xA0), (0x43, 0x1E),
+        (0x44, 0x0F), (0x45, 0x28), (0x4B, 0x04), (0x55, 0x02), (0x56, 0x01), (0x57, 0xA9), (0x58, 0x0A), (0x59, 0x0A),
+        (0x5A, 0x37), (0x5B, 0x19), (0x5D, 0x78), (0x5E, 0x63), (0x5F, 0x54), (0x60, 0x49), (0x61, 0x45), (0x62, 0x38),
+        (0x63, 0x3D), (0x64, 0x28), (0x65, 0x43), (0x66, 0x41), (0x67, 0x43), (0x68, 0x62), (0x69, 0x50), (0x6A, 0x57),
+        (0x6B, 0x49), (0x6C, 0x44), (0x6D, 0x37), (0x6E, 0x23), (0x6F, 0x10), (0x70, 0x78), (0x71, 0x63), (0x72, 0x54),
+        (0x73, 0x49), (0x74, 0x45), (0x75, 0x38), (0x76, 0x3D), (0x77, 0x28), (0x78, 0x43), (0x79, 0x41), (0x7A, 0x43),
+        (0x7B, 0x62), (0x7C, 0x50), (0x7D, 0x57), (0x7E, 0x49), (0x7F, 0x44), (0x80, 0x37), (0x81, 0x23), (0x82, 0x10),
+        (0xE0, 0x02),  # select page 2
+        (0x00, 0x47), (0x01, 0x47), (0x02, 0x45), (0x03, 0x45), (0x04, 0x4B), (0x05, 0x4B), (0x06, 0x49), (0x07, 0x49),
+        (0x08, 0x41), (0x09, 0x1F), (0x0A, 0x1F), (0x0B, 0x1F), (0x0C, 0x1F), (0x0D, 0x1F), (0x0E, 0x1F), (0x0F, 0x5F),
+        (0x10, 0x5F), (0x11, 0x57), (0x12, 0x77), (0x13, 0x35), (0x14, 0x1F), (0x15, 0x1F), (0x16, 0x46), (0x17, 0x46),
+        (0x18, 0x44), (0x19, 0x44), (0x1A, 0x4A), (0x1B, 0x4A), (0x1C, 0x48), (0x1D, 0x48), (0x1E, 0x40), (0x1F, 0x1F),
+        (0x20, 0x1F), (0x21, 0x1F), (0x22, 0x1F), (0x23, 0x1F), (0x24, 0x1F), (0x25, 0x5F), (0x26, 0x5F), (0x27, 0x57),
+        (0x28, 0x77), (0x29, 0x35), (0x2A, 0x1F), (0x2B, 0x1F), (0x58, 0x40), (0x59, 0x00), (0x5A, 0x00), (0x5B, 0x10),
+        (0x5C, 0x06), (0x5D, 0x40), (0x5E, 0x01), (0x5F, 0x02), (0x60, 0x30), (0x61, 0x01), (0x62, 0x02), (0x63, 0x03),
+        (0x64, 0x6B), (0x65, 0x05), (0x66, 0x0C), (0x67, 0x73), (0x68, 0x09), (0x69, 0x03), (0x6A, 0x56), (0x6B, 0x08),
+        (0x6C, 0x00), (0x6D, 0x04), (0x6E, 0x04), (0x6F, 0x88), (0x70, 0x00), (0x71, 0x00), (0x72, 0x06), (0x73, 0x7B),
+        (0x74, 0x00), (0x75, 0xF8), (0x76, 0x00), (0x77, 0xD5), (0x78, 0x2E), (0x79, 0x12), (0x7A, 0x03), (0x7B, 0x00),
+        (0x7C, 0x00), (0x7D, 0x03), (0x7E, 0x7B),
+        (0xE0, 0x04),  # select page 4
+        (0x00, 0x0E), (0x02, 0xB3), (0x09, 0x60), (0x0E, 0x2A), (0x36, 0x59), (0x37, 0x58), (0x2B, 0x0F),
+        (0xE0, 0x00),  # select userpage
+    ]
+)
+
+# Source for parameters and initsequence:
+#   https://github.com/waveshareteam/Waveshare-ESP32-components/tree/master/display/lcd/esp_lcd_ili9881c
+# Product page: https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/7-DSI-TOUCH-A
+DriverChip(
+    "WAVESHARE-7-DSI-TOUCH-A",
+    height=1280,
+    width=720,
+    hsync_back_porch=239,
+    hsync_pulse_width=50,
+    hsync_front_porch=33,
+    vsync_back_porch=20,
+    vsync_pulse_width=30,
+    vsync_front_porch=2,
+    pclk_frequency="80MHz",
+    lane_bit_rate="1000Mbps",
+    no_transform=True,
+    color_order="RGB",
+    initsequence=[
+        (0xFF, 0x98, 0x81, 0x03),
+        (0x01, 0x00), (0x02, 0x00), (0x03, 0x73), (0x04, 0x00), (0x05, 0x00), (0x06, 0x0A), (0x07, 0x00), (0x08, 0x00),
+        (0x09, 0x61), (0x0A, 0x00), (0x0B, 0x00), (0x0C, 0x01), (0x0D, 0x00), (0x0E, 0x00), (0x0F, 0x61), (0x10, 0x61),
+        (0x11, 0x00), (0x12, 0x00), (0x13, 0x00), (0x14, 0x00), (0x15, 0x00), (0x16, 0x00), (0x17, 0x00), (0x18, 0x00),
+        (0x19, 0x00), (0x1A, 0x00), (0x1B, 0x00), (0x1C, 0x00), (0x1D, 0x00), (0x1E, 0x40), (0x1F, 0x80), (0x20, 0x06),
+        (0x21, 0x01), (0x22, 0x00), (0x23, 0x00), (0x24, 0x00), (0x25, 0x00), (0x26, 0x00), (0x27, 0x00), (0x28, 0x33),
+        (0x29, 0x03), (0x2A, 0x00), (0x2B, 0x00), (0x2C, 0x00), (0x2D, 0x00), (0x2E, 0x00), (0x2F, 0x00), (0x30, 0x00),
+        (0x31, 0x00), (0x32, 0x00), (0x33, 0x00), (0x34, 0x04), (0x35, 0x00), (0x36, 0x00), (0x37, 0x00), (0x38, 0x3C),
+        (0x39, 0x00), (0x3A, 0x00), (0x3B, 0x00), (0x3C, 0x00), (0x3D, 0x00), (0x3E, 0x00), (0x3F, 0x00), (0x40, 0x00),
+        (0x41, 0x00), (0x42, 0x00), (0x43, 0x00), (0x44, 0x00), (0x50, 0x10), (0x51, 0x32), (0x52, 0x54), (0x53, 0x76),
+        (0x54, 0x98), (0x55, 0xBA), (0x56, 0x10), (0x57, 0x32), (0x58, 0x54), (0x59, 0x76), (0x5A, 0x98), (0x5B, 0xBA),
+        (0x5C, 0xDC), (0x5D, 0xFE), (0x5E, 0x00), (0x5F, 0x0E), (0x60, 0x0F), (0x61, 0x0C), (0x62, 0x0D), (0x63, 0x06),
+        (0x64, 0x07), (0x65, 0x02), (0x66, 0x02), (0x67, 0x02), (0x68, 0x02), (0x69, 0x01), (0x6A, 0x00), (0x6B, 0x02),
+        (0x6C, 0x15), (0x6D, 0x14), (0x6E, 0x02), (0x6F, 0x02), (0x70, 0x02), (0x71, 0x02), (0x72, 0x02), (0x73, 0x02),
+        (0x74, 0x02), (0x75, 0x0E), (0x76, 0x0F), (0x77, 0x0C), (0x78, 0x0D), (0x79, 0x06), (0x7A, 0x07), (0x7B, 0x02),
+        (0x7C, 0x02), (0x7D, 0x02), (0x7E, 0x02), (0x7F, 0x01), (0x80, 0x00), (0x81, 0x02), (0x82, 0x14), (0x83, 0x15),
+        (0x84, 0x02), (0x85, 0x02), (0x86, 0x02), (0x87, 0x02), (0x88, 0x02), (0x89, 0x02), (0x8A, 0x02),
+        (0xFF, 0x98, 0x81, 0x04),
+        (0x38, 0x01), (0x39, 0x00), (0x6C, 0x15), (0x6E, 0x2A), (0x6F, 0x33), (0x3A, 0x94), (0x8D, 0x14), (0x87, 0xBA),
+        (0x26, 0x76), (0xB2, 0xD1), (0xB5, 0x06), (0x3B, 0x98),
+        (0xFF, 0x98, 0x81, 0x01),
+        (0x22, 0x0A), (0x31, 0x00), (0x53, 0x71), (0x55, 0x8F), (0x40, 0x33), (0x50, 0x96), (0x51, 0x96), (0x60, 0x23),
+        (0xA0, 0x08), (0xA1, 0x1D), (0xA2, 0x2A), (0xA3, 0x10), (0xA4, 0x15), (0xA5, 0x28), (0xA6, 0x1C), (0xA7, 0x1D),
+        (0xA8, 0x7E), (0xA9, 0x1D), (0xAA, 0x29), (0xAB, 0x6B), (0xAC, 0x1A), (0xAD, 0x18), (0xAE, 0x4B), (0xAF, 0x20),
+        (0xB0, 0x27), (0xB1, 0x50), (0xB2, 0x64), (0xB3, 0x39), (0xC0, 0x08), (0xC1, 0x1D), (0xC2, 0x2A), (0xC3, 0x10),
+        (0xC4, 0x15), (0xC5, 0x28), (0xC6, 0x1C), (0xC7, 0x1D), (0xC8, 0x7E), (0xC9, 0x1D), (0xCA, 0x29), (0xCB, 0x6B),
+        (0xCC, 0x1A), (0xCD, 0x18), (0xCE, 0x4B), (0xCF, 0x20), (0xD0, 0x27), (0xD1, 0x50), (0xD2, 0x64), (0xD3, 0x39),
+        (0xFF, 0x98, 0x81, 0x00),
+        (0x3A, 0x77), (0x36, 0x00), (0x35, 0x00), (0x35, 0x00),
+    ],
+)

From 1ccfcfc8d85593f81e96ea40cd4e8a162392a678 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 26 Feb 2026 18:12:44 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 235/609] [time] Eliminate libc timezone bloat (~9.5KB flash
 ESP32, ~2% RAM on ESP8266) (#13635)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/time/posix_tz.cpp        |  488 +++++++
 esphome/components/time/posix_tz.h          |  144 +++
 esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.cpp |   61 +-
 esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.h   |   35 +-
 esphome/core/time.cpp                       |  232 +++-
 esphome/core/time.h                         |   18 +-
 script/cpp_unit_test.py                     |    1 +
 tests/components/time/posix_tz_parser.cpp   | 1275 +++++++++++++++++++
 8 files changed, 2163 insertions(+), 91 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/time/posix_tz.cpp
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/time/posix_tz.h
 create mode 100644 tests/components/time/posix_tz_parser.cpp

diff --git a/esphome/components/time/posix_tz.cpp b/esphome/components/time/posix_tz.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4d1f0c74c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/time/posix_tz.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,488 @@
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_TIME_TIMEZONE
+
+#include "posix_tz.h"
+#include <cctype>
+
+namespace esphome::time {
+
+// Global timezone - set once at startup, rarely changes
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables) - intentional mutable state
+static ParsedTimezone global_tz_{};
+
+void set_global_tz(const ParsedTimezone &tz) { global_tz_ = tz; }
+
+const ParsedTimezone &get_global_tz() { return global_tz_; }
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// Remove before 2026.9.0: parse_uint, skip_tz_name, parse_offset, parse_dst_rule,
+// and parse_transition_time are only used by parse_posix_tz() (bridge code).
+static uint32_t parse_uint(const char *&p) {
+  uint32_t value = 0;
+  while (std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(*p))) {
+    value = value * 10 + (*p - '0');
+    p++;
+  }
+  return value;
+}
+
+bool is_leap_year(int year) { return (year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0) || (year % 400 == 0); }
+
+// Get days in year (avoids duplicate is_leap_year calls)
+static inline int days_in_year(int year) { return is_leap_year(year) ? 366 : 365; }
+
+// Convert days since epoch to year, updating days to remainder
+static int __attribute__((noinline)) days_to_year(int64_t &days) {
+  int year = 1970;
+  int diy;
+  while (days >= (diy = days_in_year(year)) && year < 2200) {
+    days -= diy;
+    year++;
+  }
+  while (days < 0 && year > 1900) {
+    year--;
+    days += days_in_year(year);
+  }
+  return year;
+}
+
+// Extract just the year from a UTC epoch
+static int epoch_to_year(time_t epoch) {
+  int64_t days = epoch / 86400;
+  if (epoch < 0 && epoch % 86400 != 0)
+    days--;
+  return days_to_year(days);
+}
+
+int days_in_month(int year, int month) {
+  switch (month) {
+    case 2:
+      return is_leap_year(year) ? 29 : 28;
+    case 4:
+    case 6:
+    case 9:
+    case 11:
+      return 30;
+    default:
+      return 31;
+  }
+}
+
+// Zeller-like algorithm for day of week (0 = Sunday)
+int __attribute__((noinline)) day_of_week(int year, int month, int day) {
+  // Adjust for January/February
+  if (month < 3) {
+    month += 12;
+    year--;
+  }
+  int k = year % 100;
+  int j = year / 100;
+  int h = (day + (13 * (month + 1)) / 5 + k + k / 4 + j / 4 - 2 * j) % 7;
+  // Convert from Zeller (0=Sat) to standard (0=Sun)
+  return ((h + 6) % 7);
+}
+
+void __attribute__((noinline)) epoch_to_tm_utc(time_t epoch, struct tm *out_tm) {
+  // Days since epoch
+  int64_t days = epoch / 86400;
+  int32_t remaining_secs = epoch % 86400;
+  if (remaining_secs < 0) {
+    days--;
+    remaining_secs += 86400;
+  }
+
+  out_tm->tm_sec = remaining_secs % 60;
+  remaining_secs /= 60;
+  out_tm->tm_min = remaining_secs % 60;
+  out_tm->tm_hour = remaining_secs / 60;
+
+  // Day of week (Jan 1, 1970 was Thursday = 4)
+  out_tm->tm_wday = static_cast<int>((days + 4) % 7);
+  if (out_tm->tm_wday < 0)
+    out_tm->tm_wday += 7;
+
+  // Calculate year (updates days to day-of-year)
+  int year = days_to_year(days);
+  out_tm->tm_year = year - 1900;
+  out_tm->tm_yday = static_cast<int>(days);
+
+  // Calculate month and day
+  int month = 1;
+  int dim;
+  while (days >= (dim = days_in_month(year, month))) {
+    days -= dim;
+    month++;
+  }
+
+  out_tm->tm_mon = month - 1;
+  out_tm->tm_mday = static_cast<int>(days) + 1;
+  out_tm->tm_isdst = 0;
+}
+
+bool skip_tz_name(const char *&p) {
+  if (*p == '<') {
+    // Angle-bracket quoted name: <+07>, <-03>, <AEST>
+    p++;  // skip '<'
+    while (*p && *p != '>') {
+      p++;
+    }
+    if (*p == '>') {
+      p++;  // skip '>'
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;  // Unterminated
+  }
+
+  // Standard name: 3+ letters
+  const char *start = p;
+  while (*p && std::isalpha(static_cast<unsigned char>(*p))) {
+    p++;
+  }
+  return (p - start) >= 3;
+}
+
+int32_t __attribute__((noinline)) parse_offset(const char *&p) {
+  int sign = 1;
+  if (*p == '-') {
+    sign = -1;
+    p++;
+  } else if (*p == '+') {
+    p++;
+  }
+
+  int hours = parse_uint(p);
+  int minutes = 0;
+  int seconds = 0;
+
+  if (*p == ':') {
+    p++;
+    minutes = parse_uint(p);
+    if (*p == ':') {
+      p++;
+      seconds = parse_uint(p);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return sign * (hours * 3600 + minutes * 60 + seconds);
+}
+
+// Helper to parse the optional /time suffix (reuses parse_offset logic)
+static void parse_transition_time(const char *&p, DSTRule &rule) {
+  rule.time_seconds = 2 * 3600;  // Default 02:00
+  if (*p == '/') {
+    p++;
+    rule.time_seconds = parse_offset(p);
+  }
+}
+
+void __attribute__((noinline)) julian_to_month_day(int julian_day, int &out_month, int &out_day) {
+  // J format: day 1-365, Feb 29 is NOT counted even in leap years
+  // So day 60 is always March 1
+  // Iterate forward through months (no array needed)
+  int remaining = julian_day;
+  out_month = 1;
+  while (out_month <= 12) {
+    // Days in month for non-leap year (J format ignores leap years)
+    int dim = days_in_month(2001, out_month);  // 2001 is non-leap year
+    if (remaining <= dim) {
+      out_day = remaining;
+      return;
+    }
+    remaining -= dim;
+    out_month++;
+  }
+  out_day = remaining;
+}
+
+void __attribute__((noinline)) day_of_year_to_month_day(int day_of_year, int year, int &out_month, int &out_day) {
+  // Plain format: day 0-365, Feb 29 IS counted in leap years
+  // Day 0 = Jan 1
+  int remaining = day_of_year;
+  out_month = 1;
+
+  while (out_month <= 12) {
+    int days_this_month = days_in_month(year, out_month);
+    if (remaining < days_this_month) {
+      out_day = remaining + 1;
+      return;
+    }
+    remaining -= days_this_month;
+    out_month++;
+  }
+
+  // Shouldn't reach here with valid input
+  out_month = 12;
+  out_day = 31;
+}
+
+bool parse_dst_rule(const char *&p, DSTRule &rule) {
+  rule = {};  // Zero initialize
+
+  if (*p == 'M' || *p == 'm') {
+    // M format: Mm.w.d (month.week.day)
+    rule.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
+    p++;
+
+    rule.month = parse_uint(p);
+    if (rule.month < 1 || rule.month > 12)
+      return false;
+
+    if (*p++ != '.')
+      return false;
+
+    rule.week = parse_uint(p);
+    if (rule.week < 1 || rule.week > 5)
+      return false;
+
+    if (*p++ != '.')
+      return false;
+
+    rule.day_of_week = parse_uint(p);
+    if (rule.day_of_week > 6)
+      return false;
+
+  } else if (*p == 'J' || *p == 'j') {
+    // J format: Jn (Julian day 1-365, not counting Feb 29)
+    rule.type = DSTRuleType::JULIAN_NO_LEAP;
+    p++;
+
+    rule.day = parse_uint(p);
+    if (rule.day < 1 || rule.day > 365)
+      return false;
+
+  } else if (std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(*p))) {
+    // Plain number format: n (day 0-365, counting Feb 29)
+    rule.type = DSTRuleType::DAY_OF_YEAR;
+
+    rule.day = parse_uint(p);
+    if (rule.day > 365)
+      return false;
+
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Parse optional /time suffix
+  parse_transition_time(p, rule);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Calculate days from Jan 1 of given year to given month/day
+static int __attribute__((noinline)) days_from_year_start(int year, int month, int day) {
+  int days = day - 1;
+  for (int m = 1; m < month; m++) {
+    days += days_in_month(year, m);
+  }
+  return days;
+}
+
+// Calculate days from epoch to Jan 1 of given year (for DST transition calculations)
+// Only supports years >= 1970. Timezone is either compiled in from YAML or set by
+// Home Assistant, so pre-1970 dates are not a concern.
+static int64_t __attribute__((noinline)) days_to_year_start(int year) {
+  int64_t days = 0;
+  for (int y = 1970; y < year; y++) {
+    days += days_in_year(y);
+  }
+  return days;
+}
+
+time_t __attribute__((noinline)) calculate_dst_transition(int year, const DSTRule &rule, int32_t base_offset_seconds) {
+  int month, day;
+
+  switch (rule.type) {
+    case DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY: {
+      // Find the nth occurrence of day_of_week in the given month
+      int first_dow = day_of_week(year, rule.month, 1);
+
+      // Days until first occurrence of target day
+      int days_until_first = (rule.day_of_week - first_dow + 7) % 7;
+      int first_occurrence = 1 + days_until_first;
+
+      if (rule.week == 5) {
+        // "Last" occurrence - find the last one in the month
+        int dim = days_in_month(year, rule.month);
+        day = first_occurrence;
+        while (day + 7 <= dim) {
+          day += 7;
+        }
+      } else {
+        // nth occurrence
+        day = first_occurrence + (rule.week - 1) * 7;
+      }
+      month = rule.month;
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case DSTRuleType::JULIAN_NO_LEAP:
+      // J format: day 1-365, Feb 29 not counted
+      julian_to_month_day(rule.day, month, day);
+      break;
+
+    case DSTRuleType::DAY_OF_YEAR:
+      // Plain format: day 0-365, Feb 29 counted
+      day_of_year_to_month_day(rule.day, year, month, day);
+      break;
+
+    case DSTRuleType::NONE:
+      // Should never be called with NONE, but handle it gracefully
+      month = 1;
+      day = 1;
+      break;
+  }
+
+  // Calculate days from epoch to this date
+  int64_t days = days_to_year_start(year) + days_from_year_start(year, month, day);
+
+  // Convert to epoch and add transition time and base offset
+  return days * 86400 + rule.time_seconds + base_offset_seconds;
+}
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+bool __attribute__((noinline)) is_in_dst(time_t utc_epoch, const ParsedTimezone &tz) {
+  if (!tz.has_dst()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  int year = internal::epoch_to_year(utc_epoch);
+
+  // Calculate DST start and end for this year
+  // DST start transition happens in standard time
+  time_t dst_start = internal::calculate_dst_transition(year, tz.dst_start, tz.std_offset_seconds);
+  // DST end transition happens in daylight time
+  time_t dst_end = internal::calculate_dst_transition(year, tz.dst_end, tz.dst_offset_seconds);
+
+  if (dst_start < dst_end) {
+    // Northern hemisphere: DST is between start and end
+    return (utc_epoch >= dst_start && utc_epoch < dst_end);
+  } else {
+    // Southern hemisphere: DST is outside the range (wraps around year)
+    return (utc_epoch >= dst_start || utc_epoch < dst_end);
+  }
+}
+
+// Remove before 2026.9.0: This parser is bridge code for backward compatibility with
+// older Home Assistant clients that send the timezone as a POSIX TZ string instead of
+// the pre-parsed ParsedTimezone protobuf struct. Once all clients send the struct
+// directly, this function and the parsing helpers above (skip_tz_name, parse_offset,
+// parse_dst_rule, parse_transition_time) can be removed.
+// See https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/91
+bool parse_posix_tz(const char *tz_string, ParsedTimezone &result) {
+  if (!tz_string || !*tz_string) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const char *p = tz_string;
+
+  // Initialize result (dst_start/dst_end default to type=NONE, so has_dst() returns false)
+  result.std_offset_seconds = 0;
+  result.dst_offset_seconds = 0;
+  result.dst_start = {};
+  result.dst_end = {};
+
+  // Skip standard timezone name
+  if (!internal::skip_tz_name(p)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Parse standard offset (required)
+  if (!*p || (!std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(*p)) && *p != '+' && *p != '-')) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  result.std_offset_seconds = internal::parse_offset(p);
+
+  // Check for DST name
+  if (!*p) {
+    return true;  // No DST
+  }
+
+  // If next char is comma, there's no DST name but there are rules (invalid)
+  if (*p == ',') {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Check if there's something that looks like a DST name start
+  // (letter or angle bracket). If not, treat as trailing garbage and return success.
+  if (!std::isalpha(static_cast<unsigned char>(*p)) && *p != '<') {
+    return true;  // No DST, trailing characters ignored
+  }
+
+  if (!internal::skip_tz_name(p)) {
+    return false;  // Invalid DST name (started but malformed)
+  }
+
+  // Optional DST offset (default is std - 1 hour)
+  if (*p && *p != ',' && (std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(*p)) || *p == '+' || *p == '-')) {
+    result.dst_offset_seconds = internal::parse_offset(p);
+  } else {
+    result.dst_offset_seconds = result.std_offset_seconds - 3600;
+  }
+
+  // Parse DST rules (required when DST name is present)
+  if (*p != ',') {
+    // DST name without rules - treat as no DST since we can't determine transitions
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  p++;
+  if (!internal::parse_dst_rule(p, result.dst_start)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Second rule is required per POSIX
+  if (*p != ',') {
+    return false;
+  }
+  p++;
+  // has_dst() now returns true since dst_start.type was set by parse_dst_rule
+  return internal::parse_dst_rule(p, result.dst_end);
+}
+
+bool epoch_to_local_tm(time_t utc_epoch, const ParsedTimezone &tz, struct tm *out_tm) {
+  if (!out_tm) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Determine DST status once (avoids duplicate is_in_dst calculation)
+  bool in_dst = is_in_dst(utc_epoch, tz);
+  int32_t offset = in_dst ? tz.dst_offset_seconds : tz.std_offset_seconds;
+
+  // Apply offset (POSIX offset is positive west, so subtract to get local)
+  time_t local_epoch = utc_epoch - offset;
+
+  internal::epoch_to_tm_utc(local_epoch, out_tm);
+  out_tm->tm_isdst = in_dst ? 1 : 0;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::time
+
+#ifndef USE_HOST
+// Override libc's localtime functions to use our timezone on embedded platforms.
+// This allows user lambdas calling ::localtime() to get correct local time
+// without needing the TZ environment variable (which pulls in scanf bloat).
+// On host, we use the normal TZ mechanism since there's no memory constraint.
+
+// Thread-safe version
+extern "C" struct tm *localtime_r(const time_t *timer, struct tm *result) {
+  if (timer == nullptr || result == nullptr) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  esphome::time::epoch_to_local_tm(*timer, esphome::time::get_global_tz(), result);
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Non-thread-safe version (uses static buffer, standard libc behavior)
+extern "C" struct tm *localtime(const time_t *timer) {
+  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+  static struct tm localtime_buf;
+  return localtime_r(timer, &localtime_buf);
+}
+#endif  // !USE_HOST
+
+#endif  // USE_TIME_TIMEZONE
diff --git a/esphome/components/time/posix_tz.h b/esphome/components/time/posix_tz.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c71ba15cd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/time/posix_tz.h
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef USE_TIME_TIMEZONE
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <ctime>
+
+namespace esphome::time {
+
+/// Type of DST transition rule
+enum class DSTRuleType : uint8_t {
+  NONE = 0,        ///< No DST rule (used to indicate no DST)
+  MONTH_WEEK_DAY,  ///< M format: Mm.w.d (e.g., M3.2.0 = 2nd Sunday of March)
+  JULIAN_NO_LEAP,  ///< J format: Jn (day 1-365, Feb 29 not counted)
+  DAY_OF_YEAR,     ///< Plain number: n (day 0-365, Feb 29 counted in leap years)
+};
+
+/// Rule for DST transition (packed for 32-bit: 12 bytes)
+struct DSTRule {
+  int32_t time_seconds;  ///< Seconds after midnight (default 7200 = 2:00 AM)
+  uint16_t day;          ///< Day of year (for JULIAN_NO_LEAP and DAY_OF_YEAR)
+  DSTRuleType type;      ///< Type of rule
+  uint8_t month;         ///< Month 1-12 (for MONTH_WEEK_DAY)
+  uint8_t week;          ///< Week 1-5, 5 = last (for MONTH_WEEK_DAY)
+  uint8_t day_of_week;   ///< Day 0-6, 0 = Sunday (for MONTH_WEEK_DAY)
+};
+
+/// Parsed POSIX timezone information (packed for 32-bit: 32 bytes)
+struct ParsedTimezone {
+  int32_t std_offset_seconds;  ///< Standard time offset from UTC in seconds (positive = west)
+  int32_t dst_offset_seconds;  ///< DST offset from UTC in seconds
+  DSTRule dst_start;           ///< When DST starts
+  DSTRule dst_end;             ///< When DST ends
+
+  /// Check if this timezone has DST rules
+  bool has_dst() const { return this->dst_start.type != DSTRuleType::NONE; }
+};
+
+/// Parse a POSIX TZ string into a ParsedTimezone struct.
+///
+/// @deprecated Remove before 2026.9.0 (bridge code for backward compatibility).
+/// This parser only exists so that older Home Assistant clients that send the timezone
+/// as a string (instead of the pre-parsed ParsedTimezone protobuf struct) can still
+/// set the timezone on the device. Once all clients are updated to send the struct
+/// directly, this function and all internal parsing helpers will be removed.
+/// See https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/91
+///
+/// Supports formats like:
+///   - "EST5" (simple offset, no DST)
+///   - "EST5EDT,M3.2.0,M11.1.0" (with DST, M-format rules)
+///   - "CST6CDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2" (with transition times)
+///   - "<+07>-7" (angle-bracket notation for special names)
+///   - "IST-5:30" (half-hour offsets)
+///   - "EST5EDT,J60,J300" (J-format: Julian day without leap day)
+///   - "EST5EDT,60,300" (plain day number: day of year with leap day)
+/// @param tz_string The POSIX TZ string to parse
+/// @param result Output: the parsed timezone data
+/// @return true if parsing succeeded, false on error
+bool parse_posix_tz(const char *tz_string, ParsedTimezone &result);
+
+/// Convert a UTC epoch to local time using the parsed timezone.
+/// This replaces libc's localtime() to avoid scanf dependency.
+/// @param utc_epoch Unix timestamp in UTC
+/// @param tz The parsed timezone
+/// @param[out] out_tm Output tm struct with local time
+/// @return true on success
+bool epoch_to_local_tm(time_t utc_epoch, const ParsedTimezone &tz, struct tm *out_tm);
+
+/// Set the global timezone used by epoch_to_local_tm() when called without a timezone.
+/// This is called by RealTimeClock::apply_timezone_() to enable ESPTime::from_epoch_local()
+/// to work without libc's localtime().
+void set_global_tz(const ParsedTimezone &tz);
+
+/// Get the global timezone.
+const ParsedTimezone &get_global_tz();
+
+/// Check if a given UTC epoch falls within DST for the parsed timezone.
+/// @param utc_epoch Unix timestamp in UTC
+/// @param tz The parsed timezone
+/// @return true if DST is in effect at the given time
+bool is_in_dst(time_t utc_epoch, const ParsedTimezone &tz);
+
+// Internal helper functions exposed for testing.
+// Remove before 2026.9.0: skip_tz_name, parse_offset, parse_dst_rule are only
+// used by parse_posix_tz() which is bridge code for backward compatibility.
+// The remaining helpers (epoch_to_tm_utc, day_of_week, days_in_month, etc.)
+// are used by the conversion functions and will stay.
+
+namespace internal {
+
+/// Skip a timezone name (letters or <...> quoted format)
+/// @param p Pointer to current position, updated on return
+/// @return true if a valid name was found
+bool skip_tz_name(const char *&p);
+
+/// Parse an offset in format [-]hh[:mm[:ss]]
+/// @param p Pointer to current position, updated on return
+/// @return Offset in seconds
+int32_t parse_offset(const char *&p);
+
+/// Parse a DST rule in format Mm.w.d[/time], Jn[/time], or n[/time]
+/// @param p Pointer to current position, updated on return
+/// @param rule Output: the parsed rule
+/// @return true if parsing succeeded
+bool parse_dst_rule(const char *&p, DSTRule &rule);
+
+/// Convert Julian day (J format, 1-365 not counting Feb 29) to month/day
+/// @param julian_day Day number 1-365
+/// @param[out] month Output: month 1-12
+/// @param[out] day Output: day of month
+void julian_to_month_day(int julian_day, int &month, int &day);
+
+/// Convert day of year (plain format, 0-365 counting Feb 29) to month/day
+/// @param day_of_year Day number 0-365
+/// @param year The year (for leap year calculation)
+/// @param[out] month Output: month 1-12
+/// @param[out] day Output: day of month
+void day_of_year_to_month_day(int day_of_year, int year, int &month, int &day);
+
+/// Calculate day of week for any date (0 = Sunday)
+/// Uses a simplified algorithm that works for years 1970-2099
+int day_of_week(int year, int month, int day);
+
+/// Get the number of days in a month
+int days_in_month(int year, int month);
+
+/// Check if a year is a leap year
+bool is_leap_year(int year);
+
+/// Convert epoch to year/month/day/hour/min/sec (UTC)
+void epoch_to_tm_utc(time_t epoch, struct tm *out_tm);
+
+/// Calculate the epoch timestamp for a DST transition in a given year.
+/// @param year The year (e.g., 2026)
+/// @param rule The DST rule (month, week, day_of_week, time)
+/// @param base_offset_seconds The timezone offset to apply (std or dst depending on context)
+/// @return Unix epoch timestamp of the transition
+time_t calculate_dst_transition(int year, const DSTRule &rule, int32_t base_offset_seconds);
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+}  // namespace esphome::time
+
+#endif  // USE_TIME_TIMEZONE
diff --git a/esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.cpp b/esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.cpp
index 8a78186178..2e758ad8e7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.cpp
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #endif
 #include <cerrno>
-
 #include <cinttypes>
+#include <cstdlib>
 
 namespace esphome::time {
 
@@ -23,9 +23,33 @@ static const char *const TAG = "time";
 
 RealTimeClock::RealTimeClock() = default;
 
+ESPTime __attribute__((noinline)) RealTimeClock::now() {
+#ifdef USE_TIME_TIMEZONE
+  time_t epoch = this->timestamp_now();
+  struct tm local_tm;
+  if (epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, get_global_tz(), &local_tm)) {
+    return ESPTime::from_c_tm(&local_tm, epoch);
+  }
+  // Fallback to UTC if parsing failed
+  return ESPTime::from_epoch_utc(epoch);
+#else
+  return ESPTime::from_epoch_local(this->timestamp_now());
+#endif
+}
+
 void RealTimeClock::dump_config() {
 #ifdef USE_TIME_TIMEZONE
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Timezone: '%s'", this->timezone_.c_str());
+  const auto &tz = get_global_tz();
+  // POSIX offset is positive west, negate for conventional UTC+X display
+  int std_h = -tz.std_offset_seconds / 3600;
+  int std_m = (std::abs(tz.std_offset_seconds) % 3600) / 60;
+  if (tz.has_dst()) {
+    int dst_h = -tz.dst_offset_seconds / 3600;
+    int dst_m = (std::abs(tz.dst_offset_seconds) % 3600) / 60;
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Timezone: UTC%+d:%02d (DST UTC%+d:%02d)", std_h, std_m, dst_h, dst_m);
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Timezone: UTC%+d:%02d", std_h, std_m);
+  }
 #endif
   auto time = this->now();
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Current time: %04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d", time.year, time.month, time.day_of_month, time.hour,
@@ -72,11 +96,6 @@ void RealTimeClock::synchronize_epoch_(uint32_t epoch) {
     ret = settimeofday(&timev, nullptr);
   }
 
-#ifdef USE_TIME_TIMEZONE
-  // Move timezone back to local timezone.
-  this->apply_timezone_();
-#endif
-
   if (ret != 0) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "setimeofday() failed with code %d", ret);
   }
@@ -89,9 +108,33 @@ void RealTimeClock::synchronize_epoch_(uint32_t epoch) {
 }
 
 #ifdef USE_TIME_TIMEZONE
-void RealTimeClock::apply_timezone_() {
-  setenv("TZ", this->timezone_.c_str(), 1);
+void RealTimeClock::apply_timezone_(const char *tz) {
+  ParsedTimezone parsed{};
+
+  // Handle null or empty input - use UTC
+  if (tz == nullptr || *tz == '\0') {
+    // Skip if already UTC
+    if (!get_global_tz().has_dst() && get_global_tz().std_offset_seconds == 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+    set_global_tz(parsed);
+    return;
+  }
+
+#ifdef USE_HOST
+  // On host platform, also set TZ environment variable for libc compatibility
+  setenv("TZ", tz, 1);
   tzset();
+#endif
+
+  // Parse the POSIX TZ string using our custom parser
+  if (!parse_posix_tz(tz, parsed)) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to parse timezone: %s", tz);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Set global timezone for all time conversions
+  set_global_tz(parsed);
 }
 #endif
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.h b/esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.h
index 19aa1a4f4a..f9de5f5614 100644
--- a/esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.h
+++ b/esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.h
@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/time.h"
+#ifdef USE_TIME_TIMEZONE
+#include "posix_tz.h"
+#endif
 
 namespace esphome::time {
 
@@ -20,26 +23,31 @@ class RealTimeClock : public PollingComponent {
   explicit RealTimeClock();
 
 #ifdef USE_TIME_TIMEZONE
-  /// Set the time zone.
-  void set_timezone(const std::string &tz) {
-    this->timezone_ = tz;
-    this->apply_timezone_();
-  }
+  /// Set the time zone from a POSIX TZ string.
+  void set_timezone(const char *tz) { this->apply_timezone_(tz); }
 
-  /// Set the time zone from raw buffer, only if it differs from the current one.
+  /// Set the time zone from a character buffer with known length.
+  /// The buffer does not need to be null-terminated.
   void set_timezone(const char *tz, size_t len) {
-    if (this->timezone_.length() != len || memcmp(this->timezone_.c_str(), tz, len) != 0) {
-      this->timezone_.assign(tz, len);
-      this->apply_timezone_();
+    if (tz == nullptr) {
+      this->apply_timezone_(nullptr);
+      return;
     }
+    // Stack buffer - TZ strings from tzdata are typically short (< 50 chars)
+    char buf[128];
+    if (len >= sizeof(buf))
+      len = sizeof(buf) - 1;
+    memcpy(buf, tz, len);
+    buf[len] = '\0';
+    this->apply_timezone_(buf);
   }
 
-  /// Get the time zone currently in use.
-  std::string get_timezone() { return this->timezone_; }
+  /// Set the time zone from a std::string.
+  void set_timezone(const std::string &tz) { this->apply_timezone_(tz.c_str()); }
 #endif
 
   /// Get the time in the currently defined timezone.
-  ESPTime now() { return ESPTime::from_epoch_local(this->timestamp_now()); }
+  ESPTime now();
 
   /// Get the time without any time zone or DST corrections.
   ESPTime utcnow() { return ESPTime::from_epoch_utc(this->timestamp_now()); }
@@ -58,8 +66,7 @@ class RealTimeClock : public PollingComponent {
   void synchronize_epoch_(uint32_t epoch);
 
 #ifdef USE_TIME_TIMEZONE
-  std::string timezone_{};
-  void apply_timezone_();
+  void apply_timezone_(const char *tz);
 #endif
 
   LazyCallbackManager<void()> time_sync_callback_;
diff --git a/esphome/core/time.cpp b/esphome/core/time.cpp
index 1aea18ac8d..73ba0a9be7 100644
--- a/esphome/core/time.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/time.cpp
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 #include "helpers.h"
 
 #include <algorithm>
-#include <cinttypes>
 
 namespace esphome {
 
@@ -67,58 +66,123 @@ std::string ESPTime::strftime(const char *format) {
 
 std::string ESPTime::strftime(const std::string &format) { return this->strftime(format.c_str()); }
 
-bool ESPTime::strptime(const char *time_to_parse, size_t len, ESPTime &esp_time) {
-  uint16_t year;
-  uint8_t month;
-  uint8_t day;
-  uint8_t hour;
-  uint8_t minute;
-  uint8_t second;
-  int num;
-  const int ilen = static_cast<int>(len);
-
-  if (sscanf(time_to_parse, "%04hu-%02hhu-%02hhu %02hhu:%02hhu:%02hhu %n", &year, &month, &day,  // NOLINT
-             &hour,                                                                              // NOLINT
-             &minute,                                                                            // NOLINT
-             &second, &num) == 6 &&                                                              // NOLINT
-      num == ilen) {
-    esp_time.year = year;
-    esp_time.month = month;
-    esp_time.day_of_month = day;
-    esp_time.hour = hour;
-    esp_time.minute = minute;
-    esp_time.second = second;
-  } else if (sscanf(time_to_parse, "%04hu-%02hhu-%02hhu %02hhu:%02hhu %n", &year, &month, &day,  // NOLINT
-                    &hour,                                                                       // NOLINT
-                    &minute, &num) == 5 &&                                                       // NOLINT
-             num == ilen) {
-    esp_time.year = year;
-    esp_time.month = month;
-    esp_time.day_of_month = day;
-    esp_time.hour = hour;
-    esp_time.minute = minute;
-    esp_time.second = 0;
-  } else if (sscanf(time_to_parse, "%02hhu:%02hhu:%02hhu %n", &hour, &minute, &second, &num) == 3 &&  // NOLINT
-             num == ilen) {
-    esp_time.hour = hour;
-    esp_time.minute = minute;
-    esp_time.second = second;
-  } else if (sscanf(time_to_parse, "%02hhu:%02hhu %n", &hour, &minute, &num) == 2 &&  // NOLINT
-             num == ilen) {
-    esp_time.hour = hour;
-    esp_time.minute = minute;
-    esp_time.second = 0;
-  } else if (sscanf(time_to_parse, "%04hu-%02hhu-%02hhu %n", &year, &month, &day, &num) == 3 &&  // NOLINT
-             num == ilen) {
-    esp_time.year = year;
-    esp_time.month = month;
-    esp_time.day_of_month = day;
-  } else {
-    return false;
+// Helper to parse exactly N digits, returns false if not enough digits
+static bool parse_digits(const char *&p, const char *end, int count, uint16_t &value) {
+  value = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+    if (p >= end || *p < '0' || *p > '9')
+      return false;
+    value = value * 10 + (*p - '0');
+    p++;
   }
   return true;
 }
 
+// Helper to check for expected character
+static bool expect_char(const char *&p, const char *end, char expected) {
+  if (p >= end || *p != expected)
+    return false;
+  p++;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool ESPTime::strptime(const char *time_to_parse, size_t len, ESPTime &esp_time) {
+  // Supported formats:
+  //   YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS (19 chars)
+  //   YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM    (16 chars)
+  //   YYYY-MM-DD          (10 chars)
+  //   HH:MM:SS            (8 chars)
+  //   HH:MM               (5 chars)
+
+  if (time_to_parse == nullptr || len == 0)
+    return false;
+
+  const char *p = time_to_parse;
+  const char *end = time_to_parse + len;
+  uint16_t v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6;
+
+  // Try date formats first (start with 4-digit year)
+  if (len >= 10 && time_to_parse[4] == '-') {
+    // YYYY-MM-DD...
+    if (!parse_digits(p, end, 4, v1))
+      return false;
+    if (!expect_char(p, end, '-'))
+      return false;
+    if (!parse_digits(p, end, 2, v2))
+      return false;
+    if (!expect_char(p, end, '-'))
+      return false;
+    if (!parse_digits(p, end, 2, v3))
+      return false;
+
+    esp_time.year = v1;
+    esp_time.month = v2;
+    esp_time.day_of_month = v3;
+
+    if (p == end) {
+      // YYYY-MM-DD (date only)
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if (!expect_char(p, end, ' '))
+      return false;
+
+    // Continue with time part: HH:MM[:SS]
+    if (!parse_digits(p, end, 2, v4))
+      return false;
+    if (!expect_char(p, end, ':'))
+      return false;
+    if (!parse_digits(p, end, 2, v5))
+      return false;
+
+    esp_time.hour = v4;
+    esp_time.minute = v5;
+
+    if (p == end) {
+      // YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM
+      esp_time.second = 0;
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if (!expect_char(p, end, ':'))
+      return false;
+    if (!parse_digits(p, end, 2, v6))
+      return false;
+
+    esp_time.second = v6;
+    return p == end;  // YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS
+  }
+
+  // Try time-only formats (HH:MM[:SS])
+  if (len >= 5 && time_to_parse[2] == ':') {
+    if (!parse_digits(p, end, 2, v1))
+      return false;
+    if (!expect_char(p, end, ':'))
+      return false;
+    if (!parse_digits(p, end, 2, v2))
+      return false;
+
+    esp_time.hour = v1;
+    esp_time.minute = v2;
+
+    if (p == end) {
+      // HH:MM
+      esp_time.second = 0;
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if (!expect_char(p, end, ':'))
+      return false;
+    if (!parse_digits(p, end, 2, v3))
+      return false;
+
+    esp_time.second = v3;
+    return p == end;  // HH:MM:SS
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
 void ESPTime::increment_second() {
   this->timestamp++;
   if (!increment_time_value(this->second, 0, 60))
@@ -193,27 +257,67 @@ void ESPTime::recalc_timestamp_utc(bool use_day_of_year) {
 }
 
 void ESPTime::recalc_timestamp_local() {
-  struct tm tm;
+#ifdef USE_TIME_TIMEZONE
+  // Calculate timestamp as if fields were UTC
+  this->recalc_timestamp_utc(false);
+  if (this->timestamp == -1) {
+    return;  // Invalid time
+  }
 
-  tm.tm_year = this->year - 1900;
-  tm.tm_mon = this->month - 1;
-  tm.tm_mday = this->day_of_month;
-  tm.tm_hour = this->hour;
-  tm.tm_min = this->minute;
-  tm.tm_sec = this->second;
-  tm.tm_isdst = -1;
+  // Now convert from local to UTC by adding the offset
+  // POSIX: local = utc - offset, so utc = local + offset
+  const auto &tz = time::get_global_tz();
 
-  this->timestamp = mktime(&tm);
+  if (!tz.has_dst()) {
+    // No DST - just apply standard offset
+    this->timestamp += tz.std_offset_seconds;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Try both interpretations to match libc mktime() with tm_isdst=-1
+  // For ambiguous times (fall-back repeated hour), prefer standard time
+  // For invalid times (spring-forward skipped hour), libc normalizes forward
+  time_t utc_if_dst = this->timestamp + tz.dst_offset_seconds;
+  time_t utc_if_std = this->timestamp + tz.std_offset_seconds;
+
+  bool dst_valid = time::is_in_dst(utc_if_dst, tz);
+  bool std_valid = !time::is_in_dst(utc_if_std, tz);
+
+  if (dst_valid && std_valid) {
+    // Ambiguous time (repeated hour during fall-back) - prefer standard time
+    this->timestamp = utc_if_std;
+  } else if (dst_valid) {
+    // Only DST interpretation is valid
+    this->timestamp = utc_if_dst;
+  } else if (std_valid) {
+    // Only standard interpretation is valid
+    this->timestamp = utc_if_std;
+  } else {
+    // Invalid time (skipped hour during spring-forward)
+    // libc normalizes forward: 02:30 CST -> 08:30 UTC -> 03:30 CDT
+    // Using std offset achieves this since the UTC result falls during DST
+    this->timestamp = utc_if_std;
+  }
+#else
+  // No timezone support - treat as UTC
+  this->recalc_timestamp_utc(false);
+#endif
 }
 
 int32_t ESPTime::timezone_offset() {
+#ifdef USE_TIME_TIMEZONE
   time_t now = ::time(nullptr);
-  struct tm local_tm = *::localtime(&now);
-  local_tm.tm_isdst = 0;  // Cause mktime to ignore daylight saving time because we want to include it in the offset.
-  time_t local_time = mktime(&local_tm);
-  struct tm utc_tm = *::gmtime(&now);
-  time_t utc_time = mktime(&utc_tm);
-  return static_cast<int32_t>(local_time - utc_time);
+  const auto &tz = time::get_global_tz();
+  // POSIX offset is positive west, but we return offset to add to UTC to get local
+  // So we negate the POSIX offset
+  if (time::is_in_dst(now, tz)) {
+    return -tz.dst_offset_seconds;
+  }
+  return -tz.std_offset_seconds;
+#else
+  // No timezone support - no offset
+  return 0;
+#endif
 }
 
 bool ESPTime::operator<(const ESPTime &other) const { return this->timestamp < other.timestamp; }
diff --git a/esphome/core/time.h b/esphome/core/time.h
index d9ce86131c..874f0db4b4 100644
--- a/esphome/core/time.h
+++ b/esphome/core/time.h
@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@
 #include <span>
 #include <string>
 
+#ifdef USE_TIME_TIMEZONE
+#include "esphome/components/time/posix_tz.h"
+#endif
+
 namespace esphome {
 
 template<typename T> bool increment_time_value(T &current, uint16_t begin, uint16_t end);
@@ -105,11 +109,17 @@ struct ESPTime {
    * @return The generated ESPTime
    */
   static ESPTime from_epoch_local(time_t epoch) {
-    struct tm *c_tm = ::localtime(&epoch);
-    if (c_tm == nullptr) {
-      return ESPTime{};  // Return an invalid ESPTime
+#ifdef USE_TIME_TIMEZONE
+    struct tm local_tm;
+    if (time::epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, time::get_global_tz(), &local_tm)) {
+      return ESPTime::from_c_tm(&local_tm, epoch);
     }
-    return ESPTime::from_c_tm(c_tm, epoch);
+    // Fallback to UTC if conversion failed
+    return ESPTime::from_epoch_utc(epoch);
+#else
+    // No timezone support - return UTC (no TZ configured, localtime would return UTC anyway)
+    return ESPTime::from_epoch_utc(epoch);
+#endif
   }
   /** Convert an UTC epoch timestamp to a UTC time ESPTime instance.
    *
diff --git a/script/cpp_unit_test.py b/script/cpp_unit_test.py
index e97b5bd7b0..78b65092ae 100755
--- a/script/cpp_unit_test.py
+++ b/script/cpp_unit_test.py
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ def create_test_config(config_name: str, includes: list[str]) -> dict:
                 ],
                 "build_flags": [
                     "-Og",  # optimize for debug
+                    "-DUSE_TIME_TIMEZONE",  # enable timezone code paths for testing
                 ],
                 "debug_build_flags": [  # only for debug builds
                     "-g3",  # max debug info
diff --git a/tests/components/time/posix_tz_parser.cpp b/tests/components/time/posix_tz_parser.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d1747ef5b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/time/posix_tz_parser.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1275 @@
+// Tests for the POSIX TZ parser, time conversion functions, and ESPTime::strptime.
+//
+// Most tests here cover the C++ POSIX TZ string parser (parse_posix_tz), which is
+// bridge code for backward compatibility — it will be removed before ESPHome 2026.9.0.
+// After https://github.com/esphome/esphome/pull/14233 merges, the parser is solely
+// used to handle timezone strings from Home Assistant clients older than 2026.3.0
+// that haven't been updated to send the pre-parsed ParsedTimezone protobuf struct.
+// See https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/91
+//
+// The epoch_to_local_tm, is_in_dst, and ESPTime::strptime tests cover conversion
+// functions that will remain permanently.
+
+// Enable USE_TIME_TIMEZONE for tests
+#define USE_TIME_TIMEZONE
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <ctime>
+#include "esphome/components/time/posix_tz.h"
+#include "esphome/core/time.h"
+
+namespace esphome::time::testing {
+
+// Helper to create UTC epoch from date/time components (for test readability)
+static time_t make_utc(int year, int month, int day, int hour = 0, int min = 0, int sec = 0) {
+  int64_t days = 0;
+  for (int y = 1970; y < year; y++) {
+    days += (y % 4 == 0 && (y % 100 != 0 || y % 400 == 0)) ? 366 : 365;
+  }
+  static const int DAYS_BEFORE[] = {0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334};
+  days += DAYS_BEFORE[month - 1];
+  if (month > 2 && (year % 4 == 0 && (year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0)))
+    days++;  // Leap year adjustment
+  days += day - 1;
+  return days * 86400 + hour * 3600 + min * 60 + sec;
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Basic TZ string parsing tests
+// ============================================================================
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseSimpleOffsetEST5) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5", tz));
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, 5 * 3600);  // +5 hours (west of UTC)
+  EXPECT_FALSE(tz.has_dst());
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseNegativeOffsetCET) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("CET-1", tz));
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, -1 * 3600);  // -1 hour (east of UTC)
+  EXPECT_FALSE(tz.has_dst());
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseExplicitPositiveOffset) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("TEST+5", tz));
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, 5 * 3600);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(tz.has_dst());
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseZeroOffset) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("UTC0", tz));
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, 0);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(tz.has_dst());
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseUSEasternWithDST) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0,M11.1.0", tz));
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, 5 * 3600);
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_offset_seconds, 4 * 3600);  // Default: STD - 1hr
+  EXPECT_TRUE(tz.has_dst());
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.month, 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.week, 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.day_of_week, 0);          // Sunday
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.time_seconds, 2 * 3600);  // Default 2:00 AM
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.month, 11);
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.week, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.day_of_week, 0);
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseUSCentralWithTime) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("CST6CDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", tz));
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, 6 * 3600);
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_offset_seconds, 5 * 3600);
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.time_seconds, 2 * 3600);  // 2:00 AM
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.time_seconds, 2 * 3600);
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseEuropeBerlin) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("CET-1CEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/3", tz));
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, -1 * 3600);
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_offset_seconds, -2 * 3600);  // Default: STD - 1hr
+  EXPECT_TRUE(tz.has_dst());
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.month, 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.week, 5);  // Last week
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.month, 10);
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.week, 5);                 // Last week
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.time_seconds, 3 * 3600);  // 3:00 AM
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseNewZealand) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  // Southern hemisphere - DST starts in Sept, ends in April
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("NZST-12NZDT,M9.5.0,M4.1.0/3", tz));
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, -12 * 3600);
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_offset_seconds, -13 * 3600);  // Default: STD - 1hr
+  EXPECT_TRUE(tz.has_dst());
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.month, 9);  // September
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.month, 4);    // April
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseExplicitDstOffset) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  // Some places have non-standard DST offsets
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("TEST5DST4,M3.2.0,M11.1.0", tz));
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, 5 * 3600);
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_offset_seconds, 4 * 3600);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(tz.has_dst());
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Angle-bracket notation tests (espressif/newlib-esp32#8)
+// ============================================================================
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseAngleBracketPositive) {
+  // Format: <+07>-7 means UTC+7 (name is "+07", offset is -7 hours east)
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("<+07>-7", tz));
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, -7 * 3600);  // -7 = 7 hours east of UTC
+  EXPECT_FALSE(tz.has_dst());
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseAngleBracketNegative) {
+  // <-03>3 means UTC-3 (name is "-03", offset is 3 hours west)
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("<-03>3", tz));
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, 3 * 3600);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(tz.has_dst());
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseAngleBracketWithDST) {
+  // <+10>-10<+11>,M10.1.0,M4.1.0/3 (Australia/Sydney style)
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("<+10>-10<+11>,M10.1.0,M4.1.0/3", tz));
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, -10 * 3600);
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_offset_seconds, -11 * 3600);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(tz.has_dst());
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.month, 10);
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.month, 4);
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseAngleBracketNamed) {
+  // <AEST>-10 (Australian Eastern Standard Time)
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("<AEST>-10", tz));
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, -10 * 3600);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(tz.has_dst());
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseAngleBracketWithMinutes) {
+  // <+0545>-5:45 (Nepal)
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("<+0545>-5:45", tz));
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, -(5 * 3600 + 45 * 60));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(tz.has_dst());
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Half-hour and unusual offset tests
+// ============================================================================
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseOffsetWithMinutesIndia) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  // India: UTC+5:30
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("IST-5:30", tz));
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, -(5 * 3600 + 30 * 60));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(tz.has_dst());
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseOffsetWithMinutesNepal) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  // Nepal: UTC+5:45
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("NPT-5:45", tz));
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, -(5 * 3600 + 45 * 60));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(tz.has_dst());
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseOffsetWithSeconds) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  // Unusual but valid: offset with seconds
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("TEST-1:30:30", tz));
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, -(1 * 3600 + 30 * 60 + 30));
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseChathamIslands) {
+  // Chatham Islands: UTC+12:45 with DST
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("<+1245>-12:45<+1345>,M9.5.0/2:45,M4.1.0/3:45", tz));
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, -(12 * 3600 + 45 * 60));
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_offset_seconds, -(13 * 3600 + 45 * 60));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(tz.has_dst());
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Invalid input tests
+// ============================================================================
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseEmptyStringFails) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("", tz));
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseNullFails) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz(nullptr, tz));
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseShortNameFails) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  // TZ name must be at least 3 characters
+  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("AB5", tz));
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseMissingOffsetFails) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("EST", tz));
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseUnterminatedBracketFails) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("<+07-7", tz));  // Missing closing >
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// J-format and plain day number tests
+// ============================================================================
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseJFormatBasic) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  // J format: Julian day 1-365, not counting Feb 29
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,J60,J305", tz));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(tz.has_dst());
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.type, DSTRuleType::JULIAN_NO_LEAP);
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.day, 60);  // March 1
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.type, DSTRuleType::JULIAN_NO_LEAP);
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.day, 305);  // November 1
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, ParseJFormatWithTime) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,J60/2,J305/2", tz));
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.day, 60);
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.time_seconds, 2 * 3600);
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.day, 305);
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.time_seconds, 2 * 3600);
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, ParsePlainDayNumber) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  // Plain format: day 0-365, counting Feb 29 in leap years
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,59,304", tz));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(tz.has_dst());
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.type, DSTRuleType::DAY_OF_YEAR);
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.day, 59);
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.type, DSTRuleType::DAY_OF_YEAR);
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.day, 304);
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, JFormatInvalidDayZero) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  // J format day must be 1-365, not 0
+  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,J0,J305", tz));
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, JFormatInvalidDay366) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  // J format day must be 1-365
+  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,J366,J305", tz));
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, ParsePlainDayNumberWithTime) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,59/3,304/1:30", tz));
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.day, 59);
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.time_seconds, 3 * 3600);
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.day, 304);
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.time_seconds, 1 * 3600 + 30 * 60);
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, PlainDayInvalidDay366) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  // Plain format day must be 0-365
+  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,366,304", tz));
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Transition time edge cases (POSIX V3 allows -167 to +167 hours)
+// ============================================================================
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, NegativeTransitionTime) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  // Negative transition time: /-1 means 11 PM (23:00) the previous day
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/-1,M11.1.0/2", tz));
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.time_seconds, -1 * 3600);  // -1 hour = 11 PM previous day
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.time_seconds, 2 * 3600);
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, NegativeTransitionTimeWithMinutes) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  // /-1:30 means 10:30 PM the previous day
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/-1:30,M11.1.0", tz));
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.time_seconds, -(1 * 3600 + 30 * 60));
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, LargeTransitionTime) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  // POSIX V3 allows transition times from -167 to +167 hours
+  // /25 means 1:00 AM the next day
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/25,M11.1.0", tz));
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.time_seconds, 25 * 3600);
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, MaxTransitionTime167Hours) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  // Maximum allowed transition time per POSIX V3
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/167,M11.1.0", tz));
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.time_seconds, 167 * 3600);
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, TransitionTimeWithHoursMinutesSeconds) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2:30:45,M11.1.0", tz));
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.time_seconds, 2 * 3600 + 30 * 60 + 45);
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Invalid M format tests
+// ============================================================================
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, MFormatInvalidMonth13) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  // Month must be 1-12
+  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M13.1.0,M11.1.0", tz));
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, MFormatInvalidMonth0) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  // Month must be 1-12
+  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M0.1.0,M11.1.0", tz));
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, MFormatInvalidWeek6) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  // Week must be 1-5
+  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.6.0,M11.1.0", tz));
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, MFormatInvalidWeek0) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  // Week must be 1-5
+  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.0.0,M11.1.0", tz));
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, MFormatInvalidDayOfWeek7) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  // Day of week must be 0-6
+  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.7,M11.1.0", tz));
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, MissingEndRule) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  // POSIX requires both start and end rules if any rules are specified
+  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0", tz));
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, MissingEndRuleJFormat) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  // POSIX requires both start and end rules if any rules are specified
+  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,J60", tz));
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, MissingEndRulePlainDay) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  // POSIX requires both start and end rules if any rules are specified
+  EXPECT_FALSE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,60", tz));
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, LowercaseMFormat) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  // Lowercase 'm' should be accepted
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,m3.2.0,m11.1.0", tz));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(tz.has_dst());
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.month, 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_end.month, 11);
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, LowercaseJFormat) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  // Lowercase 'j' should be accepted
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,j60,j305", tz));
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.type, DSTRuleType::JULIAN_NO_LEAP);
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.dst_start.day, 60);
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, DstNameWithoutRules) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  // DST name present but no rules - treat as no DST since we can't determine transitions
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT", tz));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(tz.has_dst());
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, 5 * 3600);
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, TrailingCharactersIgnored) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  // Trailing characters after valid TZ should be ignored (parser stops at end of valid input)
+  // This matches libc behavior
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("EST5 extra garbage here", tz));
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, 5 * 3600);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(tz.has_dst());
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, PlainDay365LeapYear) {
+  // Day 365 in leap year is Dec 31
+  int month, day;
+  internal::day_of_year_to_month_day(365, 2024, month, day);
+  EXPECT_EQ(month, 12);
+  EXPECT_EQ(day, 31);
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, PlainDay364NonLeapYear) {
+  // Day 364 (0-indexed) is Dec 31 in non-leap year (last valid day)
+  int month, day;
+  internal::day_of_year_to_month_day(364, 2025, month, day);
+  EXPECT_EQ(month, 12);
+  EXPECT_EQ(day, 31);
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Large offset tests
+// ============================================================================
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, MaxOffset14Hours) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  // Line Islands (Kiribati) is UTC+14, the maximum offset
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("<+14>-14", tz));
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, -14 * 3600);
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, MaxNegativeOffset12Hours) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  // Baker Island is UTC-12
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz("<-12>12", tz));
+  EXPECT_EQ(tz.std_offset_seconds, 12 * 3600);
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Helper function tests
+// ============================================================================
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, JulianDay60IsMarch1) {
+  // J60 is always March 1 (J format ignores leap years by design)
+  int month, day;
+  internal::julian_to_month_day(60, month, day);
+  EXPECT_EQ(month, 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(day, 1);
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, DayOfYear59DiffersByLeap) {
+  int month, day;
+  // Day 59 in leap year is Feb 29
+  internal::day_of_year_to_month_day(59, 2024, month, day);
+  EXPECT_EQ(month, 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(day, 29);
+  // Day 59 in non-leap year is March 1
+  internal::day_of_year_to_month_day(59, 2025, month, day);
+  EXPECT_EQ(month, 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(day, 1);
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, DayOfWeekKnownDates) {
+  // January 1, 1970 was Thursday (4)
+  EXPECT_EQ(internal::day_of_week(1970, 1, 1), 4);
+  // January 1, 2000 was Saturday (6)
+  EXPECT_EQ(internal::day_of_week(2000, 1, 1), 6);
+  // March 8, 2026 is Sunday (0) - US DST start
+  EXPECT_EQ(internal::day_of_week(2026, 3, 8), 0);
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, LeapYearDetection) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(internal::is_leap_year(1900));  // Divisible by 100 but not 400
+  EXPECT_TRUE(internal::is_leap_year(2000));   // Divisible by 400
+  EXPECT_TRUE(internal::is_leap_year(2024));   // Divisible by 4
+  EXPECT_FALSE(internal::is_leap_year(2025));  // Not divisible by 4
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, JulianDay1IsJan1) {
+  int month, day;
+  internal::julian_to_month_day(1, month, day);
+  EXPECT_EQ(month, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(day, 1);
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, JulianDay31IsJan31) {
+  int month, day;
+  internal::julian_to_month_day(31, month, day);
+  EXPECT_EQ(month, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(day, 31);
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, JulianDay32IsFeb1) {
+  int month, day;
+  internal::julian_to_month_day(32, month, day);
+  EXPECT_EQ(month, 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(day, 1);
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, JulianDay59IsFeb28) {
+  int month, day;
+  internal::julian_to_month_day(59, month, day);
+  EXPECT_EQ(month, 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(day, 28);
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, JulianDay365IsDec31) {
+  int month, day;
+  internal::julian_to_month_day(365, month, day);
+  EXPECT_EQ(month, 12);
+  EXPECT_EQ(day, 31);
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, DayOfYear0IsJan1) {
+  int month, day;
+  internal::day_of_year_to_month_day(0, 2025, month, day);
+  EXPECT_EQ(month, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(day, 1);
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, DaysInMonthRegular) {
+  // Test all 12 months to ensure switch coverage
+  EXPECT_EQ(internal::days_in_month(2025, 1), 31);   // Jan - default case
+  EXPECT_EQ(internal::days_in_month(2025, 2), 28);   // Feb - case 2
+  EXPECT_EQ(internal::days_in_month(2025, 3), 31);   // Mar - default case
+  EXPECT_EQ(internal::days_in_month(2025, 4), 30);   // Apr - case 4
+  EXPECT_EQ(internal::days_in_month(2025, 5), 31);   // May - default case
+  EXPECT_EQ(internal::days_in_month(2025, 6), 30);   // Jun - case 6
+  EXPECT_EQ(internal::days_in_month(2025, 7), 31);   // Jul - default case
+  EXPECT_EQ(internal::days_in_month(2025, 8), 31);   // Aug - default case
+  EXPECT_EQ(internal::days_in_month(2025, 9), 30);   // Sep - case 9
+  EXPECT_EQ(internal::days_in_month(2025, 10), 31);  // Oct - default case
+  EXPECT_EQ(internal::days_in_month(2025, 11), 30);  // Nov - case 11
+  EXPECT_EQ(internal::days_in_month(2025, 12), 31);  // Dec - default case
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, DaysInMonthLeapYear) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(internal::days_in_month(2024, 2), 29);
+  EXPECT_EQ(internal::days_in_month(2025, 2), 28);
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// DST transition calculation tests
+// ============================================================================
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, DstStartUSEastern2026) {
+  // March 8, 2026 is 2nd Sunday of March
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", tz);
+
+  time_t dst_start = internal::calculate_dst_transition(2026, tz.dst_start, tz.std_offset_seconds);
+  struct tm tm;
+  internal::epoch_to_tm_utc(dst_start, &tm);
+
+  // At 2:00 AM EST (UTC-5), so 7:00 AM UTC
+  EXPECT_EQ(tm.tm_year + 1900, 2026);
+  EXPECT_EQ(tm.tm_mon + 1, 3);  // March
+  EXPECT_EQ(tm.tm_mday, 8);     // 8th
+  EXPECT_EQ(tm.tm_hour, 7);     // 7:00 UTC = 2:00 EST
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, DstEndUSEastern2026) {
+  // November 1, 2026 is 1st Sunday of November
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", tz);
+
+  time_t dst_end = internal::calculate_dst_transition(2026, tz.dst_end, tz.dst_offset_seconds);
+  struct tm tm;
+  internal::epoch_to_tm_utc(dst_end, &tm);
+
+  // At 2:00 AM EDT (UTC-4), so 6:00 AM UTC
+  EXPECT_EQ(tm.tm_year + 1900, 2026);
+  EXPECT_EQ(tm.tm_mon + 1, 11);  // November
+  EXPECT_EQ(tm.tm_mday, 1);      // 1st
+  EXPECT_EQ(tm.tm_hour, 6);      // 6:00 UTC = 2:00 EDT
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, LastSundayOfMarch2026) {
+  // Europe: M3.5.0 = last Sunday of March = March 29, 2026
+  DSTRule rule{};
+  rule.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
+  rule.month = 3;
+  rule.week = 5;
+  rule.day_of_week = 0;
+  rule.time_seconds = 2 * 3600;
+  time_t transition = internal::calculate_dst_transition(2026, rule, 0);
+  struct tm tm;
+  internal::epoch_to_tm_utc(transition, &tm);
+  EXPECT_EQ(tm.tm_mday, 29);
+  EXPECT_EQ(tm.tm_wday, 0);  // Sunday
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, LastSundayOfOctober2026) {
+  // Europe: M10.5.0 = last Sunday of October = October 25, 2026
+  DSTRule rule{};
+  rule.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
+  rule.month = 10;
+  rule.week = 5;
+  rule.day_of_week = 0;
+  rule.time_seconds = 3 * 3600;
+  time_t transition = internal::calculate_dst_transition(2026, rule, 0);
+  struct tm tm;
+  internal::epoch_to_tm_utc(transition, &tm);
+  EXPECT_EQ(tm.tm_mday, 25);
+  EXPECT_EQ(tm.tm_wday, 0);  // Sunday
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, FirstSundayOfApril2026) {
+  // April 5, 2026 is 1st Sunday
+  DSTRule rule{};
+  rule.type = DSTRuleType::MONTH_WEEK_DAY;
+  rule.month = 4;
+  rule.week = 1;
+  rule.day_of_week = 0;
+  rule.time_seconds = 0;
+  time_t transition = internal::calculate_dst_transition(2026, rule, 0);
+  struct tm tm;
+  internal::epoch_to_tm_utc(transition, &tm);
+  EXPECT_EQ(tm.tm_mday, 5);
+  EXPECT_EQ(tm.tm_wday, 0);
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// DST detection tests
+// ============================================================================
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, IsInDstUSEasternSummer) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", tz);
+
+  // July 4, 2026 12:00 UTC - definitely in DST
+  time_t summer = make_utc(2026, 7, 4, 12);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_in_dst(summer, tz));
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, IsInDstUSEasternWinter) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", tz);
+
+  // January 15, 2026 12:00 UTC - definitely not in DST
+  time_t winter = make_utc(2026, 1, 15, 12);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(is_in_dst(winter, tz));
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, IsInDstNoDstTimezone) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  parse_posix_tz("IST-5:30", tz);
+
+  // July 15, 2026 12:00 UTC
+  time_t epoch = make_utc(2026, 7, 15, 12);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(is_in_dst(epoch, tz));
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, SouthernHemisphereDstSummer) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  parse_posix_tz("NZST-12NZDT,M9.5.0,M4.1.0/3", tz);
+
+  // December 15, 2025 12:00 UTC - summer in NZ, should be in DST
+  time_t nz_summer = make_utc(2025, 12, 15, 12);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_in_dst(nz_summer, tz));
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, SouthernHemisphereDstWinter) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  parse_posix_tz("NZST-12NZDT,M9.5.0,M4.1.0/3", tz);
+
+  // July 15, 2026 12:00 UTC - winter in NZ, should NOT be in DST
+  time_t nz_winter = make_utc(2026, 7, 15, 12);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(is_in_dst(nz_winter, tz));
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// epoch_to_local_tm tests
+// ============================================================================
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, EpochToLocalBasic) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  parse_posix_tz("UTC0", tz);
+
+  time_t epoch = 0;  // Jan 1, 1970 00:00:00 UTC
+  struct tm local;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &local));
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_year, 70);
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mon, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mday, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_hour, 0);
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, EpochToLocalNegativeEpoch) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  parse_posix_tz("UTC0", tz);
+
+  // Dec 31, 1969 23:59:59 UTC (1 second before epoch)
+  time_t epoch = -1;
+  struct tm local;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &local));
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_year, 69);  // 1969
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mon, 11);   // December
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mday, 31);
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_hour, 23);
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_min, 59);
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_sec, 59);
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, EpochToLocalNullTmFails) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  parse_posix_tz("UTC0", tz);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(epoch_to_local_tm(0, tz, nullptr));
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, EpochToLocalWithOffset) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  parse_posix_tz("EST5", tz);  // UTC-5
+
+  // Jan 1, 2026 05:00:00 UTC should be Jan 1, 2026 00:00:00 EST
+  time_t utc_epoch = make_utc(2026, 1, 1, 5);
+
+  struct tm local;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(utc_epoch, tz, &local));
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_hour, 0);  // Midnight EST
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_mday, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_isdst, 0);
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, EpochToLocalDstTransition) {
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", tz);
+
+  // July 4, 2026 16:00 UTC = 12:00 EDT (noon)
+  time_t utc_epoch = make_utc(2026, 7, 4, 16);
+
+  struct tm local;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(utc_epoch, tz, &local));
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_hour, 12);  // Noon EDT
+  EXPECT_EQ(local.tm_isdst, 1);
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Verification against libc
+// ============================================================================
+
+class LibcVerificationTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::tuple<const char *, time_t>> {
+ protected:
+  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-identifier-naming) - Google Test requires this name
+  void SetUp() override {
+    // Save current TZ
+    const char *current_tz = getenv("TZ");
+    saved_tz_ = current_tz ? current_tz : "";
+    had_tz_ = current_tz != nullptr;
+  }
+
+  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-identifier-naming) - Google Test requires this name
+  void TearDown() override {
+    // Restore TZ
+    if (had_tz_) {
+      setenv("TZ", saved_tz_.c_str(), 1);
+    } else {
+      unsetenv("TZ");
+    }
+    tzset();
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::string saved_tz_;
+  bool had_tz_{false};
+};
+
+TEST_P(LibcVerificationTest, MatchesLibc) {
+  auto [tz_str, epoch] = GetParam();
+
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
+
+  // Our implementation
+  struct tm our_tm {};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(epoch_to_local_tm(epoch, tz, &our_tm));
+
+  // libc implementation
+  setenv("TZ", tz_str, 1);
+  tzset();
+  struct tm *libc_tm = localtime(&epoch);
+  ASSERT_NE(libc_tm, nullptr);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(our_tm.tm_year, libc_tm->tm_year);
+  EXPECT_EQ(our_tm.tm_mon, libc_tm->tm_mon);
+  EXPECT_EQ(our_tm.tm_mday, libc_tm->tm_mday);
+  EXPECT_EQ(our_tm.tm_hour, libc_tm->tm_hour);
+  EXPECT_EQ(our_tm.tm_min, libc_tm->tm_min);
+  EXPECT_EQ(our_tm.tm_sec, libc_tm->tm_sec);
+  EXPECT_EQ(our_tm.tm_isdst, libc_tm->tm_isdst);
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(USEastern, LibcVerificationTest,
+                         ::testing::Values(std::make_tuple("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", 1704067200),
+                                           std::make_tuple("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", 1720000000),
+                                           std::make_tuple("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", 1735689600)));
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(AngleBracket, LibcVerificationTest,
+                         ::testing::Values(std::make_tuple("<+07>-7", 1704067200),
+                                           std::make_tuple("<+07>-7", 1720000000)));
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(India, LibcVerificationTest,
+                         ::testing::Values(std::make_tuple("IST-5:30", 1704067200),
+                                           std::make_tuple("IST-5:30", 1720000000)));
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(NewZealand, LibcVerificationTest,
+                         ::testing::Values(std::make_tuple("NZST-12NZDT,M9.5.0,M4.1.0/3", 1704067200),
+                                           std::make_tuple("NZST-12NZDT,M9.5.0,M4.1.0/3", 1720000000)));
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(USCentral, LibcVerificationTest,
+                         ::testing::Values(std::make_tuple("CST6CDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", 1704067200),
+                                           std::make_tuple("CST6CDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", 1720000000),
+                                           std::make_tuple("CST6CDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", 1735689600)));
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(EuropeBerlin, LibcVerificationTest,
+                         ::testing::Values(std::make_tuple("CET-1CEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/3", 1704067200),
+                                           std::make_tuple("CET-1CEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/3", 1720000000),
+                                           std::make_tuple("CET-1CEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/3", 1735689600)));
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(AustraliaSydney, LibcVerificationTest,
+                         ::testing::Values(std::make_tuple("AEST-10AEDT,M10.1.0,M4.1.0/3", 1704067200),
+                                           std::make_tuple("AEST-10AEDT,M10.1.0,M4.1.0/3", 1720000000),
+                                           std::make_tuple("AEST-10AEDT,M10.1.0,M4.1.0/3", 1735689600)));
+
+// ============================================================================
+// DST boundary edge cases
+// ============================================================================
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, DstBoundaryJustBeforeSpringForward) {
+  // Test 1 second before DST starts
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", tz);
+
+  // March 8, 2026 06:59:59 UTC = 01:59:59 EST (1 second before spring forward)
+  time_t before_epoch = make_utc(2026, 3, 8, 6, 59, 59);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(is_in_dst(before_epoch, tz));
+
+  // March 8, 2026 07:00:00 UTC = 02:00:00 EST -> 03:00:00 EDT (DST started)
+  time_t after_epoch = make_utc(2026, 3, 8, 7);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_in_dst(after_epoch, tz));
+}
+
+TEST(PosixTzParser, DstBoundaryJustBeforeFallBack) {
+  // Test 1 second before DST ends
+  ParsedTimezone tz;
+  parse_posix_tz("EST5EDT,M3.2.0/2,M11.1.0/2", tz);
+
+  // November 1, 2026 05:59:59 UTC = 01:59:59 EDT (1 second before fall back)
+  time_t before_epoch = make_utc(2026, 11, 1, 5, 59, 59);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(is_in_dst(before_epoch, tz));
+
+  // November 1, 2026 06:00:00 UTC = 02:00:00 EDT -> 01:00:00 EST (DST ended)
+  time_t after_epoch = make_utc(2026, 11, 1, 6);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(is_in_dst(after_epoch, tz));
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::time::testing
+
+// ============================================================================
+// ESPTime::strptime tests (replaces sscanf-based parsing)
+// ============================================================================
+
+namespace esphome::testing {
+
+TEST(ESPTimeStrptime, FullDateTime) {
+  ESPTime t{};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ESPTime::strptime("2026-03-15 14:30:45", 19, t));
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.year, 2026);
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.month, 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.day_of_month, 15);
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.hour, 14);
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.minute, 30);
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.second, 45);
+}
+
+TEST(ESPTimeStrptime, DateTimeNoSeconds) {
+  ESPTime t{};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ESPTime::strptime("2026-03-15 14:30", 16, t));
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.year, 2026);
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.month, 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.day_of_month, 15);
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.hour, 14);
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.minute, 30);
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.second, 0);
+}
+
+TEST(ESPTimeStrptime, DateOnly) {
+  ESPTime t{};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ESPTime::strptime("2026-03-15", 10, t));
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.year, 2026);
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.month, 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.day_of_month, 15);
+}
+
+TEST(ESPTimeStrptime, TimeWithSeconds) {
+  ESPTime t{};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ESPTime::strptime("14:30:45", 8, t));
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.hour, 14);
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.minute, 30);
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.second, 45);
+}
+
+TEST(ESPTimeStrptime, TimeNoSeconds) {
+  ESPTime t{};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ESPTime::strptime("14:30", 5, t));
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.hour, 14);
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.minute, 30);
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.second, 0);
+}
+
+TEST(ESPTimeStrptime, Midnight) {
+  ESPTime t{};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ESPTime::strptime("00:00:00", 8, t));
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.hour, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.minute, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.second, 0);
+}
+
+TEST(ESPTimeStrptime, EndOfDay) {
+  ESPTime t{};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ESPTime::strptime("23:59:59", 8, t));
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.hour, 23);
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.minute, 59);
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.second, 59);
+}
+
+TEST(ESPTimeStrptime, LeapYearDate) {
+  ESPTime t{};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ESPTime::strptime("2024-02-29", 10, t));
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.year, 2024);
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.month, 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.day_of_month, 29);
+}
+
+TEST(ESPTimeStrptime, NewYearsEve) {
+  ESPTime t{};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ESPTime::strptime("2026-12-31 23:59:59", 19, t));
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.year, 2026);
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.month, 12);
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.day_of_month, 31);
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.hour, 23);
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.minute, 59);
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.second, 59);
+}
+
+TEST(ESPTimeStrptime, EmptyStringFails) {
+  ESPTime t{};
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ESPTime::strptime("", 0, t));
+}
+
+TEST(ESPTimeStrptime, NullInputFails) {
+  ESPTime t{};
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ESPTime::strptime(nullptr, 0, t));
+}
+
+TEST(ESPTimeStrptime, InvalidFormatFails) {
+  ESPTime t{};
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ESPTime::strptime("not-a-date", 10, t));
+}
+
+TEST(ESPTimeStrptime, PartialDateFails) {
+  ESPTime t{};
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ESPTime::strptime("2026-03", 7, t));
+}
+
+TEST(ESPTimeStrptime, PartialTimeFails) {
+  ESPTime t{};
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ESPTime::strptime("14:", 3, t));
+}
+
+TEST(ESPTimeStrptime, ExtraCharactersFails) {
+  ESPTime t{};
+  // Full datetime with extra characters should fail
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ESPTime::strptime("2026-03-15 14:30:45x", 20, t));
+}
+
+TEST(ESPTimeStrptime, WrongSeparatorFails) {
+  ESPTime t{};
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ESPTime::strptime("2026/03/15", 10, t));
+}
+
+TEST(ESPTimeStrptime, LeadingZeroTime) {
+  ESPTime t{};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ESPTime::strptime("01:05:09", 8, t));
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.hour, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.minute, 5);
+  EXPECT_EQ(t.second, 9);
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// recalc_timestamp_local() tests - verify behavior matches libc mktime()
+// ============================================================================
+
+// Helper to call libc mktime with same fields
+static time_t libc_mktime(int year, int month, int day, int hour, int min, int sec) {
+  struct tm tm {};
+  tm.tm_year = year - 1900;
+  tm.tm_mon = month - 1;
+  tm.tm_mday = day;
+  tm.tm_hour = hour;
+  tm.tm_min = min;
+  tm.tm_sec = sec;
+  tm.tm_isdst = -1;  // Let libc determine DST
+  return mktime(&tm);
+}
+
+// Helper to create ESPTime and call recalc_timestamp_local
+static time_t esptime_recalc_local(int year, int month, int day, int hour, int min, int sec) {
+  ESPTime t{};
+  t.year = year;
+  t.month = month;
+  t.day_of_month = day;
+  t.hour = hour;
+  t.minute = min;
+  t.second = sec;
+  t.day_of_week = 1;  // Placeholder for fields_in_range()
+  t.day_of_year = 1;
+  t.recalc_timestamp_local();
+  return t.timestamp;
+}
+
+TEST(RecalcTimestampLocal, NormalTimeMatchesLibc) {
+  // Set timezone to US Central (CST6CDT)
+  const char *tz_str = "CST6CDT,M3.2.0,M11.1.0";
+  setenv("TZ", tz_str, 1);
+  tzset();
+  time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
+  set_global_tz(tz);
+
+  // Test a normal time in winter (no DST)
+  // January 15, 2026 at 10:30:00 CST
+  time_t libc_result = libc_mktime(2026, 1, 15, 10, 30, 0);
+  time_t esp_result = esptime_recalc_local(2026, 1, 15, 10, 30, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(esp_result, libc_result);
+
+  // Test a normal time in summer (DST active)
+  // July 15, 2026 at 10:30:00 CDT
+  libc_result = libc_mktime(2026, 7, 15, 10, 30, 0);
+  esp_result = esptime_recalc_local(2026, 7, 15, 10, 30, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(esp_result, libc_result);
+}
+
+TEST(RecalcTimestampLocal, SpringForwardSkippedHour) {
+  // Set timezone to US Central (CST6CDT)
+  // DST starts March 8, 2026 at 2:00 AM -> clocks jump to 3:00 AM
+  const char *tz_str = "CST6CDT,M3.2.0,M11.1.0";
+  setenv("TZ", tz_str, 1);
+  tzset();
+  time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
+  set_global_tz(tz);
+
+  // Test time before the transition (1:30 AM CST exists)
+  time_t libc_result = libc_mktime(2026, 3, 8, 1, 30, 0);
+  time_t esp_result = esptime_recalc_local(2026, 3, 8, 1, 30, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(esp_result, libc_result);
+
+  // Test time after the transition (3:30 AM CDT exists)
+  libc_result = libc_mktime(2026, 3, 8, 3, 30, 0);
+  esp_result = esptime_recalc_local(2026, 3, 8, 3, 30, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(esp_result, libc_result);
+
+  // Test the skipped hour (2:30 AM doesn't exist - gets normalized)
+  // Both implementations should produce the same result
+  libc_result = libc_mktime(2026, 3, 8, 2, 30, 0);
+  esp_result = esptime_recalc_local(2026, 3, 8, 2, 30, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(esp_result, libc_result);
+}
+
+TEST(RecalcTimestampLocal, FallBackRepeatedHour) {
+  // Set timezone to US Central (CST6CDT)
+  // DST ends November 1, 2026 at 2:00 AM -> clocks fall back to 1:00 AM
+  const char *tz_str = "CST6CDT,M3.2.0,M11.1.0";
+  setenv("TZ", tz_str, 1);
+  tzset();
+  time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
+  set_global_tz(tz);
+
+  // Test time before the transition (midnight CDT)
+  time_t libc_result = libc_mktime(2026, 11, 1, 0, 30, 0);
+  time_t esp_result = esptime_recalc_local(2026, 11, 1, 0, 30, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(esp_result, libc_result);
+
+  // Test time well after the transition (3:00 AM CST)
+  libc_result = libc_mktime(2026, 11, 1, 3, 0, 0);
+  esp_result = esptime_recalc_local(2026, 11, 1, 3, 0, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(esp_result, libc_result);
+
+  // Test the repeated hour (1:30 AM occurs twice)
+  // libc behavior varies by platform for this edge case, so we verify our
+  // consistent behavior: prefer standard time (later UTC timestamp)
+  esp_result = esptime_recalc_local(2026, 11, 1, 1, 30, 0);
+  time_t std_interpretation = esptime_recalc_local(2026, 11, 1, 2, 30, 0) - 3600;  // 2:30 CST - 1 hour
+  EXPECT_EQ(esp_result, std_interpretation);
+}
+
+TEST(RecalcTimestampLocal, SouthernHemisphereDST) {
+  // Set timezone to Australia/Sydney (AEST-10AEDT,M10.1.0,M4.1.0)
+  // DST starts first Sunday of October, ends first Sunday of April
+  const char *tz_str = "AEST-10AEDT,M10.1.0,M4.1.0";
+  setenv("TZ", tz_str, 1);
+  tzset();
+  time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
+  set_global_tz(tz);
+
+  // Test winter time (July - no DST in southern hemisphere)
+  time_t libc_result = libc_mktime(2026, 7, 15, 10, 30, 0);
+  time_t esp_result = esptime_recalc_local(2026, 7, 15, 10, 30, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(esp_result, libc_result);
+
+  // Test summer time (January - DST active in southern hemisphere)
+  libc_result = libc_mktime(2026, 1, 15, 10, 30, 0);
+  esp_result = esptime_recalc_local(2026, 1, 15, 10, 30, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(esp_result, libc_result);
+}
+
+TEST(RecalcTimestampLocal, ExactTransitionBoundary) {
+  // Test exact boundary of spring forward transition
+  // Mar 8, 2026 at 2:00 AM CST -> 3:00 AM CDT (clocks skip forward)
+  const char *tz_str = "CST6CDT,M3.2.0,M11.1.0";
+  setenv("TZ", tz_str, 1);
+  tzset();
+  time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
+  set_global_tz(tz);
+
+  // 1:59:59 AM CST - last second before transition (still standard time)
+  time_t libc_result = libc_mktime(2026, 3, 8, 1, 59, 59);
+  time_t esp_result = esptime_recalc_local(2026, 3, 8, 1, 59, 59);
+  EXPECT_EQ(esp_result, libc_result);
+
+  // 3:00:00 AM CDT - first second after transition (now DST)
+  libc_result = libc_mktime(2026, 3, 8, 3, 0, 0);
+  esp_result = esptime_recalc_local(2026, 3, 8, 3, 0, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(esp_result, libc_result);
+
+  // Verify the gap: 3:00 AM CDT should be exactly 1 second after 1:59:59 AM CST
+  time_t before_transition = esptime_recalc_local(2026, 3, 8, 1, 59, 59);
+  time_t after_transition = esptime_recalc_local(2026, 3, 8, 3, 0, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(after_transition - before_transition, 1);
+}
+
+TEST(RecalcTimestampLocal, NonDefaultTransitionTime) {
+  // Test DST transition at 3:00 AM instead of default 2:00 AM
+  // Using custom transition time: CST6CDT,M3.2.0/3,M11.1.0/3
+  const char *tz_str = "CST6CDT,M3.2.0/3,M11.1.0/3";
+  setenv("TZ", tz_str, 1);
+  tzset();
+  time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
+  set_global_tz(tz);
+
+  // 2:30 AM should still be standard time (transition at 3:00 AM)
+  time_t libc_result = libc_mktime(2026, 3, 8, 2, 30, 0);
+  time_t esp_result = esptime_recalc_local(2026, 3, 8, 2, 30, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(esp_result, libc_result);
+
+  // 4:00 AM should be DST (after 3:00 AM transition)
+  libc_result = libc_mktime(2026, 3, 8, 4, 0, 0);
+  esp_result = esptime_recalc_local(2026, 3, 8, 4, 0, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(esp_result, libc_result);
+}
+
+TEST(RecalcTimestampLocal, YearBoundaryDST) {
+  // Test southern hemisphere DST across year boundary
+  // Australia/Sydney: DST active from October to April (spans Jan 1)
+  const char *tz_str = "AEST-10AEDT,M10.1.0,M4.1.0";
+  setenv("TZ", tz_str, 1);
+  tzset();
+  time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
+  set_global_tz(tz);
+
+  // Dec 31, 2025 at 23:30 - DST should be active
+  time_t libc_result = libc_mktime(2025, 12, 31, 23, 30, 0);
+  time_t esp_result = esptime_recalc_local(2025, 12, 31, 23, 30, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(esp_result, libc_result);
+
+  // Jan 1, 2026 at 00:30 - DST should still be active
+  libc_result = libc_mktime(2026, 1, 1, 0, 30, 0);
+  esp_result = esptime_recalc_local(2026, 1, 1, 0, 30, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(esp_result, libc_result);
+
+  // Verify both are in DST (11 hour offset from UTC, not 10)
+  // The timestamps should be 1 hour apart
+  time_t dec31 = esptime_recalc_local(2025, 12, 31, 23, 30, 0);
+  time_t jan1 = esptime_recalc_local(2026, 1, 1, 0, 30, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(jan1 - dec31, 3600);  // 1 hour difference
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// ESPTime::timezone_offset() tests
+// ============================================================================
+
+TEST(TimezoneOffset, NoTimezone) {
+  // When no timezone is set, offset should be 0
+  time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  set_global_tz(tz);
+
+  int32_t offset = ESPTime::timezone_offset();
+  EXPECT_EQ(offset, 0);
+}
+
+TEST(TimezoneOffset, FixedOffsetPositive) {
+  // India: UTC+5:30 (no DST)
+  const char *tz_str = "IST-5:30";
+  time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
+  set_global_tz(tz);
+
+  int32_t offset = ESPTime::timezone_offset();
+  // Offset should be +5:30 = 19800 seconds (to add to UTC to get local)
+  EXPECT_EQ(offset, 5 * 3600 + 30 * 60);
+}
+
+TEST(TimezoneOffset, FixedOffsetNegative) {
+  // US Eastern Standard Time: UTC-5 (testing without DST rules)
+  const char *tz_str = "EST5";
+  time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
+  set_global_tz(tz);
+
+  int32_t offset = ESPTime::timezone_offset();
+  // Offset should be -5 hours = -18000 seconds
+  EXPECT_EQ(offset, -5 * 3600);
+}
+
+TEST(TimezoneOffset, WithDstReturnsCorrectOffsetBasedOnCurrentTime) {
+  // US Eastern with DST
+  const char *tz_str = "EST5EDT,M3.2.0,M11.1.0";
+  time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(parse_posix_tz(tz_str, tz));
+  set_global_tz(tz);
+
+  // Get current time and check offset matches expected based on DST status
+  time_t now = ::time(nullptr);
+  int32_t offset = ESPTime::timezone_offset();
+
+  // Verify offset matches what is_in_dst says
+  if (time::is_in_dst(now, tz)) {
+    // During DST, offset should be -4 hours (EDT)
+    EXPECT_EQ(offset, -4 * 3600);
+  } else {
+    // During standard time, offset should be -5 hours (EST)
+    EXPECT_EQ(offset, -5 * 3600);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::testing

From 50e7571f4c603f460a2dffa2b78eacc0a6dd5014 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 26 Feb 2026 18:17:25 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 236/609] [web_server_idf] Prefer make_unique_for_overwrite for
 noninit recv buffer (#14279)

---
 esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp
index 4034a22586..f18570965b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp
@@ -921,7 +921,7 @@ esp_err_t AsyncWebServer::handle_multipart_upload_(httpd_req_t *r, const char *c
   });
 
   // Use heap buffer - 1460 bytes is too large for the httpd task stack
-  auto buffer = std::make_unique<char[]>(MULTIPART_CHUNK_SIZE);
+  auto buffer = std::make_unique_for_overwrite<char[]>(MULTIPART_CHUNK_SIZE);
   size_t bytes_since_yield = 0;
 
   for (size_t remaining = r->content_len; remaining > 0;) {

From 15846137a6c64bbbc44345f29ff17d40ac92f1bb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 26 Feb 2026 18:17:52 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 237/609] [rp2040] Update arduino-pico framework from 3.9.4 to
 5.5.0 (#14328)

---
 .clang-tidy.hash                              |  2 +-
 esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py         |  8 +--
 esphome/components/rp2040/gpio.cpp            |  2 +-
 .../components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.cpp |  4 +-
 .../components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp | 53 +++++++++++++------
 platformio.ini                                |  4 +-
 6 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.clang-tidy.hash b/.clang-tidy.hash
index 777c846371..767da3f33e 100644
--- a/.clang-tidy.hash
+++ b/.clang-tidy.hash
@@ -1 +1 @@
-5eb1e5852765114ad06533220d3160b6c23f5ccefc4de41828699de5dfff5ad6
+b97e16a84153b2a4cfc51137cd6121db3c32374504b2bea55144413b3e573052
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py b/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py
index 3a1ea16fa3..23f12e651f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py
@@ -91,18 +91,18 @@ def _parse_platform_version(value):
 # The default/recommended arduino framework version
 #  - https://github.com/earlephilhower/arduino-pico/releases
 #  - https://api.registry.platformio.org/v3/packages/earlephilhower/tool/framework-arduinopico
-RECOMMENDED_ARDUINO_FRAMEWORK_VERSION = cv.Version(3, 9, 4)
+RECOMMENDED_ARDUINO_FRAMEWORK_VERSION = cv.Version(5, 5, 0)
 
 # The raspberrypi platform version to use for arduino frameworks
 #  - https://github.com/maxgerhardt/platform-raspberrypi/tags
-RECOMMENDED_ARDUINO_PLATFORM_VERSION = "v1.2.0-gcc12"
+RECOMMENDED_ARDUINO_PLATFORM_VERSION = "v1.4.0-gcc14-arduinopico460"
 
 
 def _arduino_check_versions(value):
     value = value.copy()
     lookups = {
-        "dev": (cv.Version(3, 9, 4), "https://github.com/earlephilhower/arduino-pico"),
-        "latest": (cv.Version(3, 9, 4), None),
+        "dev": (cv.Version(5, 5, 0), "https://github.com/earlephilhower/arduino-pico"),
+        "latest": (cv.Version(5, 5, 0), None),
         "recommended": (RECOMMENDED_ARDUINO_FRAMEWORK_VERSION, None),
     }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/gpio.cpp b/esphome/components/rp2040/gpio.cpp
index 2b1699f888..4b3c98104c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/gpio.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/gpio.cpp
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ void IRAM_ATTR ISRInternalGPIOPin::pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) {
     sio_hw->gpio_oe_set = arg->mask;
   } else if (flags & gpio::FLAG_INPUT) {
     sio_hw->gpio_oe_clr = arg->mask;
-    hw_write_masked(&padsbank0_hw->io[arg->pin],
+    hw_write_masked(&pads_bank0_hw->io[arg->pin],
                     (bool_to_bit(flags & gpio::FLAG_PULLUP) << PADS_BANK0_GPIO0_PUE_LSB) |
                         (bool_to_bit(flags & gpio::FLAG_PULLDOWN) << PADS_BANK0_GPIO0_PDE_LSB),
                     PADS_BANK0_GPIO0_PUE_BITS | PADS_BANK0_GPIO0_PDE_BITS);
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.cpp
index 0c6834055c..faf8f4d90f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.cpp
@@ -115,8 +115,8 @@ void RP2040UartComponent::setup() {
 
   if (tx_hw == -1 || rx_hw == -1 || tx_hw != rx_hw) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Using SerialPIO");
-    pin_size_t tx = this->tx_pin_ == nullptr ? SerialPIO::NOPIN : this->tx_pin_->get_pin();
-    pin_size_t rx = this->rx_pin_ == nullptr ? SerialPIO::NOPIN : this->rx_pin_->get_pin();
+    pin_size_t tx = this->tx_pin_ == nullptr ? NOPIN : this->tx_pin_->get_pin();
+    pin_size_t rx = this->rx_pin_ == nullptr ? NOPIN : this->rx_pin_->get_pin();
     auto *serial = new SerialPIO(tx, rx, this->rx_buffer_size_);  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
     serial->begin(this->baud_rate_, config);
     if (this->tx_pin_ != nullptr && this->tx_pin_->is_inverted())
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp
index 1baf21e2b2..9b2c077dc5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp
@@ -78,8 +78,13 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_connect_(const WiFiAP &ap) {
     return false;
 #endif
 
-  auto ret = WiFi.begin(ap.ssid_.c_str(), ap.password_.c_str());
-  if (ret != WL_CONNECTED)
+  // Use beginNoBlock to avoid WiFi.begin()'s additional 2x timeout wait loop on top of
+  // CYW43::begin()'s internal blocking join. CYW43::begin() blocks for up to 10 seconds
+  // (default timeout) to complete the join - this is required because the LwipIntfDev netif
+  // setup depends on begin() succeeding. beginNoBlock() skips the outer wait loop, saving
+  // up to 20 additional seconds of blocking per attempt.
+  auto ret = WiFi.beginNoBlock(ap.ssid_.c_str(), ap.password_.c_str());
+  if (ret == WL_IDLE_STATUS)
     return false;
 
   return true;
@@ -116,13 +121,19 @@ const char *get_disconnect_reason_str(uint8_t reason) {
 }
 
 WiFiSTAConnectStatus WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_connect_status_() {
-  int status = cyw43_tcpip_link_status(&cyw43_state, CYW43_ITF_STA);
+  // Use cyw43_wifi_link_status instead of cyw43_tcpip_link_status because the Arduino
+  // framework's __wrap_cyw43_cb_tcpip_init is a no-op — the SDK's internal netif
+  // (cyw43_state.netif[]) is never initialized. cyw43_tcpip_link_status checks that netif's
+  // flags and would only fall through to cyw43_wifi_link_status when the flags aren't set.
+  // Using cyw43_wifi_link_status directly gives us the actual WiFi radio join state.
+  int status = cyw43_wifi_link_status(&cyw43_state, CYW43_ITF_STA);
   switch (status) {
     case CYW43_LINK_JOIN:
-    case CYW43_LINK_NOIP:
+      // WiFi joined, check if we have an IP address via the Arduino framework's WiFi class
+      if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED) {
+        return WiFiSTAConnectStatus::CONNECTED;
+      }
       return WiFiSTAConnectStatus::CONNECTING;
-    case CYW43_LINK_UP:
-      return WiFiSTAConnectStatus::CONNECTED;
     case CYW43_LINK_FAIL:
     case CYW43_LINK_BADAUTH:
       return WiFiSTAConnectStatus::ERROR_CONNECT_FAILED;
@@ -139,18 +150,24 @@ int WiFiComponent::s_wifi_scan_result(void *env, const cyw43_ev_scan_result_t *r
 
 void WiFiComponent::wifi_scan_result(void *env, const cyw43_ev_scan_result_t *result) {
   s_scan_result_count++;
-  const char *ssid_cstr = reinterpret_cast<const char *>(result->ssid);
+
+  // CYW43 scan results have ssid as a 32-byte buffer that is NOT null-terminated.
+  // Use ssid_len to create a properly terminated copy for string operations.
+  uint8_t len = std::min(result->ssid_len, static_cast<uint8_t>(sizeof(result->ssid)));
+  char ssid_buf[33];  // 32 max + null terminator
+  memcpy(ssid_buf, result->ssid, len);
+  ssid_buf[len] = '\0';
 
   // Skip networks that don't match any configured network (unless full results needed)
-  if (!this->needs_full_scan_results_() && !this->matches_configured_network_(ssid_cstr, result->bssid)) {
-    this->log_discarded_scan_result_(ssid_cstr, result->bssid, result->rssi, result->channel);
+  if (!this->needs_full_scan_results_() && !this->matches_configured_network_(ssid_buf, result->bssid)) {
+    this->log_discarded_scan_result_(ssid_buf, result->bssid, result->rssi, result->channel);
     return;
   }
 
   bssid_t bssid;
   std::copy(result->bssid, result->bssid + 6, bssid.begin());
-  WiFiScanResult res(bssid, ssid_cstr, strlen(ssid_cstr), result->channel, result->rssi,
-                     result->auth_mode != CYW43_AUTH_OPEN, ssid_cstr[0] == '\0');
+  WiFiScanResult res(bssid, ssid_buf, len, result->channel, result->rssi, result->auth_mode != CYW43_AUTH_OPEN,
+                     len == 0);
   if (std::find(this->scan_result_.begin(), this->scan_result_.end(), res) == this->scan_result_.end()) {
     this->scan_result_.push_back(res);
   }
@@ -167,7 +184,6 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_scan_start_(bool passive) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "cyw43_wifi_scan failed");
   }
   return err == 0;
-  return true;
 }
 
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_AP
@@ -212,8 +228,10 @@ network::IPAddress WiFiComponent::wifi_soft_ap_ip() { return {(const ip_addr_t *
 #endif  // USE_WIFI_AP
 
 bool WiFiComponent::wifi_disconnect_() {
-  int err = cyw43_wifi_leave(&cyw43_state, CYW43_ITF_STA);
-  return err == 0;
+  // Use Arduino WiFi.disconnect() instead of raw cyw43_wifi_leave() to properly
+  // clean up the lwIP netif, DHCP client, and internal Arduino state.
+  WiFi.disconnect();
+  return true;
 }
 
 bssid_t WiFiComponent::wifi_bssid() {
@@ -269,9 +287,10 @@ void WiFiComponent::wifi_loop_() {
 
   // Poll for connection state changes
   // The arduino-pico WiFi library doesn't have event callbacks like ESP8266/ESP32,
-  // so we need to poll the link status to detect state changes
-  auto status = cyw43_tcpip_link_status(&cyw43_state, CYW43_ITF_STA);
-  bool is_connected = (status == CYW43_LINK_UP);
+  // so we need to poll the link status to detect state changes.
+  // Use WiFi.connected() which checks both the WiFi link and IP address via the
+  // Arduino framework's own netif (not the SDK's uninitialized one).
+  bool is_connected = WiFi.connected();
 
   // Detect connection state change
   if (is_connected && !s_sta_was_connected) {
diff --git a/platformio.ini b/platformio.ini
index e35dce2228..16a1b18211 100644
--- a/platformio.ini
+++ b/platformio.ini
@@ -193,10 +193,10 @@ extra_scripts = post:esphome/components/esp32/post_build.py.script
 extends = common:arduino
 board_build.filesystem_size = 0.5m
 
-platform = https://github.com/maxgerhardt/platform-raspberrypi.git#v1.2.0-gcc12
+platform = https://github.com/maxgerhardt/platform-raspberrypi.git#v1.4.0-gcc14-arduinopico460
 platform_packages =
     ; earlephilhower/framework-arduinopico@~1.20602.0 ; Cannot use the platformio package until old releases stop getting deleted
-    earlephilhower/framework-arduinopico@https://github.com/earlephilhower/arduino-pico/releases/download/3.9.4/rp2040-3.9.4.zip
+    earlephilhower/framework-arduinopico@https://github.com/earlephilhower/arduino-pico/releases/download/5.5.0/rp2040-5.5.0.zip
 
 framework = arduino
 lib_deps =

From 04db37a34ac43d0a9c5fb8c807b56ed58a551bce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 26 Feb 2026 20:38:38 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 238/609] [esp8266] Remove forced scanf linkage to save ~8KB
 flash (#13678)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/esp8266/__init__.py        |  6 +++
 .../esp8266/remove_float_scanf.py.script      | 46 +++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 52 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/esp8266/remove_float_scanf.py.script

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp8266/__init__.py
index c7b5d5c130..927a59fd61 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp8266/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266/__init__.py
@@ -205,6 +205,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             "pre:testing_mode.py",
             "pre:exclude_updater.py",
             "pre:exclude_waveform.py",
+            "pre:remove_float_scanf.py",
             "post:post_build.py",
         ],
     )
@@ -342,3 +343,8 @@ def copy_files() -> None:
         exclude_waveform_file,
         CORE.relative_build_path("exclude_waveform.py"),
     )
+    remove_float_scanf_file = dir / "remove_float_scanf.py.script"
+    copy_file_if_changed(
+        remove_float_scanf_file,
+        CORE.relative_build_path("remove_float_scanf.py"),
+    )
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266/remove_float_scanf.py.script b/esphome/components/esp8266/remove_float_scanf.py.script
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b1d03a4d46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266/remove_float_scanf.py.script
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# pylint: disable=E0602
+Import("env")  # noqa
+
+# Remove forced scanf linkage to allow garbage collection of unused code
+#
+# The ESP8266 Arduino framework unconditionally adds:
+#   -u _printf_float -u _scanf_float
+#
+# The -u flag forces symbols to be linked even if unreferenced, which pulls
+# in the entire scanf family (~7-8KB). ESPHome doesn't use scanf at all
+# (verified by CI check in PR #13657), so this is pure dead weight.
+#
+# By removing -u _scanf_float, --gc-sections can eliminate:
+#   - scanf family functions (~7KB)
+#   - _strtod_l (~3.7KB)
+#   - Related parsing infrastructure
+#
+# We keep -u _printf_float because components still use %f in logging.
+
+
+def remove_scanf_float_flag(source, target, env):
+    """Remove -u _scanf_float from linker flags.
+
+    This is called as a pre-action before the link step, after the
+    Arduino framework has added its default flags.
+    """
+    linkflags = env.get("LINKFLAGS", [])
+    new_linkflags = []
+    i = 0
+
+    while i < len(linkflags):
+        flag = linkflags[i]
+        if flag == "-u" and i + 1 < len(linkflags):
+            next_flag = linkflags[i + 1]
+            if next_flag == "_scanf_float":
+                print("ESPHome: Removing _scanf_float (saves ~8KB flash)")
+                i += 2  # Skip both -u and the symbol
+                continue
+        new_linkflags.append(flag)
+        i += 1
+
+    env.Replace(LINKFLAGS=new_linkflags)
+
+
+# Register the callback to run before the link step
+env.AddPreAction("$BUILD_DIR/${PROGNAME}.elf", remove_scanf_float_flag)

From 656389f2158b0723630839c385aa26648c6f53b1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Keith Burzinski <kbx81x@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 26 Feb 2026 23:41:35 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 239/609] [usb_uart] Performance, correctness and reliability
 improvements (#14333)

---
 .../components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp   |  19 +-
 esphome/components/usb_uart/ch34x.cpp         |   9 +-
 esphome/components/usb_uart/cp210x.cpp        |   9 +-
 esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp      | 205 ++++++++++++++----
 esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h        |  45 +++-
 5 files changed, 224 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp
index 5b0aed4c59..c77d738ace 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp
@@ -424,9 +424,9 @@ bool USBClient::control_transfer(uint8_t type, uint8_t request, uint16_t value,
   if (trq == nullptr)
     return false;
   auto length = data.size();
-  if (length > sizeof(trq->transfer->data_buffer_size) - SETUP_PACKET_SIZE) {
+  if (length > trq->transfer->data_buffer_size - SETUP_PACKET_SIZE) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Control transfer data size too large: %u > %u", length,
-             sizeof(trq->transfer->data_buffer_size) - sizeof(usb_setup_packet_t));
+             trq->transfer->data_buffer_size - SETUP_PACKET_SIZE);
     this->release_trq(trq);
     return false;
   }
@@ -507,9 +507,13 @@ bool USBClient::transfer_in(uint8_t ep_address, const transfer_cb_t &callback, u
 
 /**
  * Performs an output transfer operation.
- * THREAD CONTEXT: Called from main loop thread only
- * - USB UART output uses defer() to ensure main loop context
- * - Modbus and other components call from loop()
+ * THREAD CONTEXT: Called from both USB task and main loop threads.
+ * - USB task: output transfer callback restarts output directly (no defer)
+ * - Main loop: initial output trigger from write_array() and loop()
+ * Thread safety is ensured by:
+ * - get_trq_() uses atomic CAS (multi-consumer safe)
+ * - claimed trq slot is exclusively owned until submission
+ * - usb_host_transfer_submit() is safe to call from any task context
  *
  * @param ep_address The endpoint address.
  * @param callback The callback function to be called when the transfer is complete.
@@ -524,6 +528,11 @@ bool USBClient::transfer_out(uint8_t ep_address, const transfer_cb_t &callback,
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Too many requests queued");
     return false;
   }
+  if (length > trq->transfer->data_buffer_size) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "transfer_out: data length %u exceeds buffer size %u", length, trq->transfer->data_buffer_size);
+    this->release_trq(trq);
+    return false;
+  }
   trq->callback = callback;
   trq->transfer->callback = transfer_callback;
   trq->transfer->bEndpointAddress = ep_address | USB_DIR_OUT;
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/ch34x.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_uart/ch34x.cpp
index caa4b65657..7fa964c0cb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/ch34x.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/ch34x.cpp
@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@
 
 #include "esphome/components/bytebuffer/bytebuffer.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace usb_uart {
+namespace esphome::usb_uart {
 
 using namespace bytebuffer;
 /**
@@ -74,8 +73,8 @@ void USBUartTypeCH34X::enable_channels() {
     this->control_transfer(USB_VENDOR_DEV | usb_host::USB_DIR_OUT, cmd, value, (factor << 8) | divisor, callback);
     this->control_transfer(USB_VENDOR_DEV | usb_host::USB_DIR_OUT, cmd + 3, 0x80, 0, callback);
   }
-  USBUartTypeCdcAcm::enable_channels();
+  this->start_channels();
 }
-}  // namespace usb_uart
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::usb_uart
+
 #endif  // USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/cp210x.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_uart/cp210x.cpp
index fa8c2331b2..ae9170c5fb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/cp210x.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/cp210x.cpp
@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@
 
 #include "esphome/components/bytebuffer/bytebuffer.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace usb_uart {
+namespace esphome::usb_uart {
 
 using namespace bytebuffer;
 /**
@@ -119,8 +118,8 @@ void USBUartTypeCP210X::enable_channels() {
     this->control_transfer(USB_VENDOR_IFC | usb_host::USB_DIR_OUT, SET_BAUDRATE, 0, channel->index_, callback,
                            baud.get_data());
   }
-  USBUartTypeCdcAcm::enable_channels();
+  this->start_channels();
 }
-}  // namespace usb_uart
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::usb_uart
+
 #endif  // USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
index 5c2806c456..de81bfc587 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
@@ -3,12 +3,10 @@
 #include "usb_uart.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
-#include "esphome/components/uart/uart_debugger.h"
 
 #include <cinttypes>
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace usb_uart {
+namespace esphome::usb_uart {
 
 /**
  *
@@ -135,16 +133,51 @@ void USBUartChannel::write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Channel not initialised - write ignored");
     return;
   }
-  while (this->output_buffer_.get_free_space() != 0 && len-- != 0) {
-    this->output_buffer_.push(*data++);
+#ifdef USE_UART_DEBUGGER
+  if (this->debug_) {
+    constexpr size_t BATCH = 16;
+    char buf[4 + format_hex_pretty_size(BATCH)];  // ">>> " + "XX,XX,...,XX\0"
+    for (size_t off = 0; off < len; off += BATCH) {
+      size_t n = std::min(len - off, BATCH);
+      memcpy(buf, ">>> ", 4);
+      format_hex_pretty_to(buf + 4, sizeof(buf) - 4, data + off, n, ',');
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s", buf);
+    }
   }
-  len++;
-  if (len > 0) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Buffer full - failed to write %d bytes", len);
+#endif
+  while (len > 0) {
+    UsbOutputChunk *chunk = this->output_pool_.allocate();
+    if (chunk == nullptr) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Output pool full - lost %zu bytes", len);
+      break;
+    }
+    size_t chunk_len = std::min(len, UsbOutputChunk::MAX_CHUNK_SIZE);
+    memcpy(chunk->data, data, chunk_len);
+    chunk->length = static_cast<uint8_t>(chunk_len);
+    if (!this->output_queue_.push(chunk)) {
+      this->output_pool_.release(chunk);
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Output queue full - lost %zu bytes", len);
+      break;
+    }
+    data += chunk_len;
+    len -= chunk_len;
   }
   this->parent_->start_output(this);
 }
 
+void USBUartChannel::flush() {
+  // Spin until the output queue is drained and the last USB transfer completes.
+  // Safe to call from the main loop only.
+  // The 100 ms timeout guards against a device that stops responding mid-flush;
+  // in that case the main loop is blocked for the full duration.
+  uint32_t deadline = millis() + 100;  // 100 ms safety timeout
+  while ((!this->output_queue_.empty() || this->output_started_.load()) && millis() < deadline) {
+    // Kick start_output() in case data arrived but no transfer is in flight yet.
+    this->parent_->start_output(this);
+    yield();
+  }
+}
+
 bool USBUartChannel::peek_byte(uint8_t *data) {
   if (this->input_buffer_.is_empty()) {
     return false;
@@ -182,8 +215,10 @@ void USBUartComponent::loop() {
 
 #ifdef USE_UART_DEBUGGER
     if (channel->debug_) {
-      uart::UARTDebug::log_hex(uart::UART_DIRECTION_RX, std::vector<uint8_t>(chunk->data, chunk->data + chunk->length),
-                               ',');  // NOLINT()
+      char buf[4 + format_hex_pretty_size(UsbDataChunk::MAX_CHUNK_SIZE)];  // "<<< " + hex
+      memcpy(buf, "<<< ", 4);
+      format_hex_pretty_to(buf + 4, sizeof(buf) - 4, chunk->data, chunk->length, ',');
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s", buf);
     }
 #endif
 
@@ -192,6 +227,13 @@ void USBUartComponent::loop() {
 
     // Return chunk to pool for reuse
     this->chunk_pool_.release(chunk);
+
+    // Invoke the RX callback (if registered) immediately after data lands in the
+    // ring buffer.  This lets consumers such as ZigbeeProxy process incoming bytes
+    // in the same loop iteration they are delivered, avoiding an extra wakeup cycle.
+    if (channel->rx_callback_) {
+      channel->rx_callback_();
+    }
   }
 
   // Log dropped USB data periodically
@@ -234,10 +276,10 @@ void USBUartComponent::start_input(USBUartChannel *channel) {
   // The underlying transfer_in() uses lock-free atomic allocation from the
   // TransferRequest pool, making this multi-threaded access safe
 
-  // if already started, don't restart. A spurious failure in compare_exchange_weak
-  // is not a problem, as it will be retried on the next read_array()
+  // Use compare_exchange_strong to avoid spurious failures: a missed submit here is
+  // never retried by read_array() because no data will ever arrive to trigger it.
   auto started = false;
-  if (!channel->input_started_.compare_exchange_weak(started, true))
+  if (!channel->input_started_.compare_exchange_strong(started, true))
     return;
   const auto *ep = channel->cdc_dev_.in_ep;
   // CALLBACK CONTEXT: This lambda is executed in USB task via transfer_callback
@@ -285,37 +327,56 @@ void USBUartComponent::start_input(USBUartChannel *channel) {
     this->start_input(channel);
   };
   if (!this->transfer_in(ep->bEndpointAddress, callback, ep->wMaxPacketSize)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "IN transfer submission failed for ep=0x%02X", ep->bEndpointAddress);
     channel->input_started_.store(false);
   }
 }
 
 void USBUartComponent::start_output(USBUartChannel *channel) {
-  // IMPORTANT: This function must only be called from the main loop!
-  // The output_buffer_ is not thread-safe and can only be accessed from main loop.
-  // USB callbacks use defer() to ensure this function runs in the correct context.
-  if (channel->output_started_.load())
-    return;
-  if (channel->output_buffer_.is_empty()) {
+  // THREAD CONTEXT: Called from both main loop and USB task threads.
+  // The output_queue_ is a lock-free SPSC queue, so pop() is safe from either thread.
+  // The output_started_ atomic flag is claimed via compare_exchange to guarantee that
+  // only one thread starts a transfer at a time.
+
+  // Atomically claim the "output in progress" flag. If already set, another thread
+  // is handling the transfer; return immediately.
+  bool expected = false;
+  if (!channel->output_started_.compare_exchange_strong(expected, true, std::memory_order_acq_rel)) {
     return;
   }
+
+  UsbOutputChunk *chunk = channel->output_queue_.pop();
+  if (chunk == nullptr) {
+    // Nothing to send — release the flag and return.
+    channel->output_started_.store(false, std::memory_order_release);
+    return;
+  }
+
   const auto *ep = channel->cdc_dev_.out_ep;
-  // CALLBACK CONTEXT: This lambda is executed in USB task via transfer_callback
-  auto callback = [this, channel](const usb_host::TransferStatus &status) {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Output Transfer result: length: %u; status %X", status.data_len, status.error_code);
-    channel->output_started_.store(false);
-    // Defer restart to main loop (defer is thread-safe)
-    this->defer([this, channel] { this->start_output(channel); });
+  // CALLBACK CONTEXT: This lambda is executed in the USB task via transfer_callback.
+  // It releases the chunk, clears the flag, and directly restarts output without
+  // going through defer() — eliminating one full main-loop-wakeup cycle of latency.
+  auto callback = [this, channel, chunk](const usb_host::TransferStatus &status) {
+    if (!status.success) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Output transfer failed: status %X", status.error_code);
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Output Transfer result: length: %u; status %X", status.data_len, status.error_code);
+    }
+    channel->output_pool_.release(chunk);
+    channel->output_started_.store(false, std::memory_order_release);
+    // Restart directly from USB task — safe because output_queue_ is lock-free
+    // and transfer_out() uses thread-safe atomic slot allocation.
+    this->start_output(channel);
   };
-  channel->output_started_.store(true);
-  uint8_t data[ep->wMaxPacketSize];
-  auto len = channel->output_buffer_.pop(data, ep->wMaxPacketSize);
-  this->transfer_out(ep->bEndpointAddress, callback, data, len);
-#ifdef USE_UART_DEBUGGER
-  if (channel->debug_) {
-    uart::UARTDebug::log_hex(uart::UART_DIRECTION_TX, std::vector<uint8_t>(data, data + len), ',');  // NOLINT()
+
+  const uint8_t len = chunk->length;
+  if (!this->transfer_out(ep->bEndpointAddress, callback, chunk->data, len)) {
+    // Transfer submission failed — return chunk and release flag so callers can retry.
+    channel->output_pool_.release(chunk);
+    channel->output_started_.store(false, std::memory_order_release);
+    return;
   }
-#endif
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Output %d bytes started", len);
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Output %u bytes started", len);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -351,6 +412,20 @@ void USBUartTypeCdcAcm::on_connected() {
     fix_mps(channel->cdc_dev_.in_ep);
     fix_mps(channel->cdc_dev_.out_ep);
     channel->initialised_.store(true);
+    // Claim the communication (interrupt) interface so CDC class requests are accepted
+    // by the device. Some CDC ACM implementations (e.g. EFR32 NCP) require this before
+    // they enable data flow on the bulk endpoints.
+    if (channel->cdc_dev_.interrupt_interface_number != channel->cdc_dev_.bulk_interface_number) {
+      auto err_comm = usb_host_interface_claim(this->handle_, this->device_handle_,
+                                               channel->cdc_dev_.interrupt_interface_number, 0);
+      if (err_comm != ESP_OK) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Could not claim comm interface %d: %s", channel->cdc_dev_.interrupt_interface_number,
+                 esp_err_to_name(err_comm));
+      } else {
+        channel->cdc_dev_.comm_interface_claimed = true;
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Claimed comm interface %d", channel->cdc_dev_.interrupt_interface_number);
+      }
+    }
     auto err =
         usb_host_interface_claim(this->handle_, this->device_handle_, channel->cdc_dev_.bulk_interface_number, 0);
     if (err != ESP_OK) {
@@ -378,18 +453,74 @@ void USBUartTypeCdcAcm::on_disconnected() {
       usb_host_endpoint_halt(this->device_handle_, channel->cdc_dev_.notify_ep->bEndpointAddress);
       usb_host_endpoint_flush(this->device_handle_, channel->cdc_dev_.notify_ep->bEndpointAddress);
     }
+    if (channel->cdc_dev_.comm_interface_claimed) {
+      usb_host_interface_release(this->handle_, this->device_handle_, channel->cdc_dev_.interrupt_interface_number);
+      channel->cdc_dev_.comm_interface_claimed = false;
+    }
     usb_host_interface_release(this->handle_, this->device_handle_, channel->cdc_dev_.bulk_interface_number);
     // Reset the input and output started flags to their initial state to avoid the possibility of spurious restarts
     channel->input_started_.store(true);
     channel->output_started_.store(true);
     channel->input_buffer_.clear();
-    channel->output_buffer_.clear();
+    // Drain any pending output chunks and return them to the pool
+    {
+      UsbOutputChunk *chunk;
+      while ((chunk = channel->output_queue_.pop()) != nullptr) {
+        channel->output_pool_.release(chunk);
+      }
+    }
     channel->initialised_.store(false);
   }
   USBClient::on_disconnected();
 }
 
 void USBUartTypeCdcAcm::enable_channels() {
+  static constexpr uint8_t CDC_REQUEST_TYPE = usb_host::USB_TYPE_CLASS | usb_host::USB_RECIP_INTERFACE;
+  static constexpr uint8_t CDC_SET_LINE_CODING = 0x20;
+  static constexpr uint8_t CDC_SET_CONTROL_LINE_STATE = 0x22;
+  static constexpr uint16_t CDC_DTR_RTS = 0x0003;  // D0=DTR, D1=RTS
+
+  for (auto *channel : this->channels_) {
+    if (!channel->initialised_.load())
+      continue;
+    // Configure the bridge's UART parameters. A USB-UART bridge will not forward data
+    // at the correct speed until SET_LINE_CODING is sent; without it the UART may run
+    // at an indeterminate default rate so the NCP receives garbled bytes and never
+    // sends RSTACK.
+    uint32_t baud = channel->baud_rate_;
+    std::vector<uint8_t> line_coding = {
+        static_cast<uint8_t>(baud & 0xFF),         static_cast<uint8_t>((baud >> 8) & 0xFF),
+        static_cast<uint8_t>((baud >> 16) & 0xFF), static_cast<uint8_t>((baud >> 24) & 0xFF),
+        static_cast<uint8_t>(channel->stop_bits_),  // bCharFormat: 0=1stop, 1=1.5stop, 2=2stop
+        static_cast<uint8_t>(channel->parity_),     // bParityType: 0=None, 1=Odd, 2=Even, 3=Mark, 4=Space
+        static_cast<uint8_t>(channel->data_bits_),  // bDataBits
+    };
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "SET_LINE_CODING: baud=%u stop=%u parity=%u data=%u", (unsigned) baud, channel->stop_bits_,
+             (unsigned) channel->parity_, channel->data_bits_);
+    this->control_transfer(
+        CDC_REQUEST_TYPE, CDC_SET_LINE_CODING, 0, channel->cdc_dev_.interrupt_interface_number,
+        [](const usb_host::TransferStatus &status) {
+          if (!status.success) {
+            ESP_LOGW(TAG, "SET_LINE_CODING failed: %X", status.error_code);
+          } else {
+            ESP_LOGD(TAG, "SET_LINE_CODING OK");
+          }
+        },
+        line_coding);
+    // Assert DTR+RTS to signal DTE is present.
+    this->control_transfer(CDC_REQUEST_TYPE, CDC_SET_CONTROL_LINE_STATE, CDC_DTR_RTS,
+                           channel->cdc_dev_.interrupt_interface_number, [](const usb_host::TransferStatus &status) {
+                             if (!status.success) {
+                               ESP_LOGW(TAG, "SET_CONTROL_LINE_STATE failed: %X", status.error_code);
+                             } else {
+                               ESP_LOGD(TAG, "SET_CONTROL_LINE_STATE (DTR+RTS) OK");
+                             }
+                           });
+  }
+  this->start_channels();
+}
+
+void USBUartTypeCdcAcm::start_channels() {
   for (auto *channel : this->channels_) {
     if (!channel->initialised_.load())
       continue;
@@ -399,6 +530,6 @@ void USBUartTypeCdcAcm::enable_channels() {
   }
 }
 
-}  // namespace usb_uart
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::usb_uart
+
 #endif  // USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h
index 94e6120457..9a9fe1c2ca 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h
@@ -8,9 +8,10 @@
 #include "esphome/core/lock_free_queue.h"
 #include "esphome/core/event_pool.h"
 #include <atomic>
+#include <functional>
+
+namespace esphome::usb_uart {
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace usb_uart {
 class USBUartTypeCdcAcm;
 class USBUartComponent;
 class USBUartChannel;
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ struct CdcEps {
   const usb_ep_desc_t *out_ep;
   uint8_t bulk_interface_number;
   uint8_t interrupt_interface_number;
+  bool comm_interface_claimed{false};
 };
 
 enum UARTParityOptions {
@@ -83,6 +85,16 @@ struct UsbDataChunk {
   void release() {}
 };
 
+// Structure for queuing outgoing USB data chunks (one per USB FS packet)
+struct UsbOutputChunk {
+  static constexpr size_t MAX_CHUNK_SIZE = 64;  // USB FS MPS
+  uint8_t data[MAX_CHUNK_SIZE];
+  uint8_t length;
+
+  // Required for EventPool - no cleanup needed for POD types
+  void release() {}
+};
+
 class USBUartChannel : public uart::UARTComponent, public Parented<USBUartComponent> {
   friend class USBUartComponent;
   friend class USBUartTypeCdcAcm;
@@ -90,24 +102,32 @@ class USBUartChannel : public uart::UARTComponent, public Parented<USBUartCompon
   friend class USBUartTypeCH34X;
 
  public:
-  USBUartChannel(uint8_t index, uint16_t buffer_size)
-      : index_(index), input_buffer_(RingBuffer(buffer_size)), output_buffer_(RingBuffer(buffer_size)) {}
+  // Number of output chunk slots per channel (8 × 64 bytes = 512 bytes peak, lazily allocated)
+  static constexpr uint8_t USB_OUTPUT_CHUNK_COUNT = 8;
+
+  USBUartChannel(uint8_t index, uint16_t buffer_size) : index_(index), input_buffer_(RingBuffer(buffer_size)) {}
   void write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
-  ;
   bool peek_byte(uint8_t *data) override;
-  ;
   bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
   size_t available() override { return this->input_buffer_.get_available(); }
-  void flush() override {}
+  void flush() override;
   void check_logger_conflict() override {}
   void set_parity(UARTParityOptions parity) { this->parity_ = parity; }
   void set_debug(bool debug) { this->debug_ = debug; }
   void set_dummy_receiver(bool dummy_receiver) { this->dummy_receiver_ = dummy_receiver; }
 
+  /// Register a callback invoked immediately after data is pushed to the input ring buffer.
+  /// Called from USBUartComponent::loop() in the main loop context.
+  /// Allows consumers (e.g. ZigbeeProxy) to process bytes in the same loop iteration
+  /// they arrive, eliminating one full main-loop-wakeup cycle of latency.
+  void set_rx_callback(std::function<void()> cb) { this->rx_callback_ = std::move(cb); }
+
  protected:
   // Larger structures first for better alignment
   RingBuffer input_buffer_;
-  RingBuffer output_buffer_;
+  LockFreeQueue<UsbOutputChunk, USB_OUTPUT_CHUNK_COUNT> output_queue_;
+  EventPool<UsbOutputChunk, USB_OUTPUT_CHUNK_COUNT> output_pool_;
+  std::function<void()> rx_callback_{};
   CdcEps cdc_dev_{};
   // Enum (likely 4 bytes)
   UARTParityOptions parity_{UART_CONFIG_PARITY_NONE};
@@ -150,8 +170,12 @@ class USBUartTypeCdcAcm : public USBUartComponent {
  protected:
   virtual std::vector<CdcEps> parse_descriptors(usb_device_handle_t dev_hdl);
   void on_connected() override;
-  virtual void enable_channels();
   void on_disconnected() override;
+  virtual void enable_channels();
+  /// Resets per-channel transfer flags and posts the first bulk IN transfer.
+  /// Called by enable_channels() and by vendor-specific subclass overrides that
+  /// handle their own line-coding setup before starting data flow.
+  void start_channels();
 };
 
 class USBUartTypeCP210X : public USBUartTypeCdcAcm {
@@ -170,7 +194,6 @@ class USBUartTypeCH34X : public USBUartTypeCdcAcm {
   void enable_channels() override;
 };
 
-}  // namespace usb_uart
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::usb_uart
 
 #endif  // USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3

From 4044520ccc3a17b1162a6b7aec970f5658f1f641 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 27 Feb 2026 01:38:36 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 240/609] [esp32_touch] Migrate to new unified touch sensor
 driver (esp_driver_touch_sens) (#14033)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@home-assistant.io>
---
 esphome/components/esp32_touch/__init__.py    | 319 ++++++-----
 .../components/esp32_touch/esp32_touch.cpp    | 500 ++++++++++++++++++
 esphome/components/esp32_touch/esp32_touch.h  | 284 ++++------
 .../esp32_touch/esp32_touch_common.cpp        | 173 ------
 .../components/esp32_touch/esp32_touch_v1.cpp | 244 ---------
 .../components/esp32_touch/esp32_touch_v2.cpp | 402 --------------
 .../esp32_touch/common-variants.yaml          |   1 -
 .../esp32_touch/test.esp32-p4-idf.yaml        |   5 +
 8 files changed, 800 insertions(+), 1128 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/esp32_touch/esp32_touch.cpp
 delete mode 100644 esphome/components/esp32_touch/esp32_touch_common.cpp
 delete mode 100644 esphome/components/esp32_touch/esp32_touch_v1.cpp
 delete mode 100644 esphome/components/esp32_touch/esp32_touch_v2.cpp
 create mode 100644 tests/components/esp32_touch/test.esp32-p4-idf.yaml

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_touch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32_touch/__init__.py
index a02370a343..10ad339b12 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_touch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_touch/__init__.py
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
+import logging
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import esp32
 from esphome.components.esp32 import (
     VARIANT_ESP32,
+    VARIANT_ESP32P4,
     VARIANT_ESP32S2,
     VARIANT_ESP32S3,
     get_esp32_variant,
@@ -21,6 +24,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core import TimePeriod
 
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 AUTO_LOAD = ["binary_sensor"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32"]
 
@@ -37,135 +42,161 @@ CONF_WATERPROOF_SHIELD_DRIVER = "waterproof_shield_driver"
 esp32_touch_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("esp32_touch")
 ESP32TouchComponent = esp32_touch_ns.class_("ESP32TouchComponent", cg.Component)
 
+# Channel ID mappings: GPIO pin number -> integer channel ID
+# These are plain integers - the new unified API uses int chan_id directly.
 TOUCH_PADS = {
     VARIANT_ESP32: {
-        4: cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_NUM0,
-        0: cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_NUM1,
-        2: cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_NUM2,
-        15: cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_NUM3,
-        13: cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_NUM4,
-        12: cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_NUM5,
-        14: cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_NUM6,
-        27: cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_NUM7,
-        33: cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_NUM8,
-        32: cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_NUM9,
+        4: 0,
+        0: 1,
+        2: 2,
+        15: 3,
+        13: 4,
+        12: 5,
+        14: 6,
+        27: 7,
+        33: 8,
+        32: 9,
     },
     VARIANT_ESP32S2: {
-        1: cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_NUM1,
-        2: cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_NUM2,
-        3: cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_NUM3,
-        4: cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_NUM4,
-        5: cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_NUM5,
-        6: cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_NUM6,
-        7: cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_NUM7,
-        8: cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_NUM8,
-        9: cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_NUM9,
-        10: cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_NUM10,
-        11: cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_NUM11,
-        12: cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_NUM12,
-        13: cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_NUM13,
-        14: cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_NUM14,
+        1: 1,
+        2: 2,
+        3: 3,
+        4: 4,
+        5: 5,
+        6: 6,
+        7: 7,
+        8: 8,
+        9: 9,
+        10: 10,
+        11: 11,
+        12: 12,
+        13: 13,
+        14: 14,
     },
     VARIANT_ESP32S3: {
-        1: cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_NUM1,
-        2: cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_NUM2,
-        3: cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_NUM3,
-        4: cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_NUM4,
-        5: cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_NUM5,
-        6: cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_NUM6,
-        7: cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_NUM7,
-        8: cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_NUM8,
-        9: cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_NUM9,
-        10: cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_NUM10,
-        11: cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_NUM11,
-        12: cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_NUM12,
-        13: cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_NUM13,
-        14: cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_NUM14,
+        1: 1,
+        2: 2,
+        3: 3,
+        4: 4,
+        5: 5,
+        6: 6,
+        7: 7,
+        8: 8,
+        9: 9,
+        10: 10,
+        11: 11,
+        12: 12,
+        13: 13,
+        14: 14,
+    },
+    VARIANT_ESP32P4: {
+        2: 1,
+        3: 2,
+        4: 3,
+        5: 4,
+        6: 5,
+        7: 6,
+        8: 7,
+        9: 8,
+        10: 9,
+        11: 10,
+        12: 11,
+        13: 12,
+        14: 13,
+        15: 14,
     },
 }
 
 
 TOUCH_PAD_DENOISE_GRADE = {
-    "BIT12": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_DENOISE_BIT12,
-    "BIT10": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_DENOISE_BIT10,
-    "BIT8": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_DENOISE_BIT8,
-    "BIT4": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_DENOISE_BIT4,
+    "BIT12": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_DENOISE_CHAN_RESOLUTION_BIT12,
+    "BIT10": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_DENOISE_CHAN_RESOLUTION_BIT10,
+    "BIT8": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_DENOISE_CHAN_RESOLUTION_BIT8,
+    "BIT4": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_DENOISE_CHAN_RESOLUTION_BIT4,
 }
 
 TOUCH_PAD_DENOISE_CAP_LEVEL = {
-    "L0": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_DENOISE_CAP_L0,
-    "L1": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_DENOISE_CAP_L1,
-    "L2": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_DENOISE_CAP_L2,
-    "L3": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_DENOISE_CAP_L3,
-    "L4": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_DENOISE_CAP_L4,
-    "L5": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_DENOISE_CAP_L5,
-    "L6": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_DENOISE_CAP_L6,
-    "L7": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_DENOISE_CAP_L7,
+    "L0": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_DENOISE_CHAN_CAP_5PF,
+    "L1": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_DENOISE_CHAN_CAP_6PF,
+    "L2": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_DENOISE_CHAN_CAP_7PF,
+    "L3": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_DENOISE_CHAN_CAP_9PF,
+    "L4": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_DENOISE_CHAN_CAP_10PF,
+    "L5": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_DENOISE_CHAN_CAP_12PF,
+    "L6": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_DENOISE_CHAN_CAP_13PF,
+    "L7": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_DENOISE_CHAN_CAP_14PF,
 }
 
 TOUCH_PAD_FILTER_MODE = {
-    "IIR_4": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_FILTER_IIR_4,
-    "IIR_8": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_FILTER_IIR_8,
-    "IIR_16": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_FILTER_IIR_16,
-    "IIR_32": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_FILTER_IIR_32,
-    "IIR_64": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_FILTER_IIR_64,
-    "IIR_128": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_FILTER_IIR_128,
-    "IIR_256": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_FILTER_IIR_256,
-    "JITTER": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_FILTER_JITTER,
+    "IIR_4": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_BM_IIR_FILTER_4,
+    "IIR_8": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_BM_IIR_FILTER_8,
+    "IIR_16": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_BM_IIR_FILTER_16,
+    "IIR_32": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_BM_IIR_FILTER_32,
+    "IIR_64": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_BM_IIR_FILTER_64,
+    "IIR_128": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_BM_IIR_FILTER_128,
+    "IIR_256": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_BM_IIR_FILTER_256,
+    "JITTER": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_BM_JITTER_FILTER,
 }
 
 TOUCH_PAD_SMOOTH_MODE = {
-    "OFF": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_SMOOTH_OFF,
-    "IIR_2": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_SMOOTH_IIR_2,
-    "IIR_4": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_SMOOTH_IIR_4,
-    "IIR_8": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_SMOOTH_IIR_8,
+    "OFF": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_SMOOTH_NO_FILTER,
+    "IIR_2": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_SMOOTH_IIR_FILTER_2,
+    "IIR_4": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_SMOOTH_IIR_FILTER_4,
+    "IIR_8": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_SMOOTH_IIR_FILTER_8,
 }
 
 LOW_VOLTAGE_REFERENCE = {
-    "0.5V": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_LVOLT_0V5,
-    "0.6V": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_LVOLT_0V6,
-    "0.7V": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_LVOLT_0V7,
-    "0.8V": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_LVOLT_0V8,
+    "0.5V": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_VOLT_LIM_L_0V5,
+    "0.6V": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_VOLT_LIM_L_0V6,
+    "0.7V": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_VOLT_LIM_L_0V7,
+    "0.8V": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_VOLT_LIM_L_0V8,
 }
 HIGH_VOLTAGE_REFERENCE = {
-    "2.4V": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_HVOLT_2V4,
-    "2.5V": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_HVOLT_2V5,
-    "2.6V": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_HVOLT_2V6,
-    "2.7V": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_HVOLT_2V7,
+    "2.4V": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_VOLT_LIM_H_2V4,
+    "2.5V": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_VOLT_LIM_H_2V5,
+    "2.6V": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_VOLT_LIM_H_2V6,
+    "2.7V": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_VOLT_LIM_H_2V7,
 }
-VOLTAGE_ATTENUATION = {
-    "1.5V": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_HVOLT_ATTEN_1V5,
-    "1V": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_HVOLT_ATTEN_1V,
-    "0.5V": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_HVOLT_ATTEN_0V5,
-    "0V": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_HVOLT_ATTEN_0V,
-}
-TOUCH_PAD_WATERPROOF_SHIELD_DRIVER = {
-    "L0": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_SHIELD_DRV_L0,
-    "L1": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_SHIELD_DRV_L1,
-    "L2": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_SHIELD_DRV_L2,
-    "L3": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_SHIELD_DRV_L3,
-    "L4": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_SHIELD_DRV_L4,
-    "L5": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_SHIELD_DRV_L5,
-    "L6": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_SHIELD_DRV_L6,
-    "L7": cg.global_ns.TOUCH_PAD_SHIELD_DRV_L7,
+VOLTAGE_ATTENUATION = {"1.5V", "1V", "0.5V", "0V"}
+
+# ESP32 V1: The new API's touch_volt_lim_h_t combines the old high_voltage_reference
+# and voltage_attenuation into a single enum representing the effective upper voltage.
+# Effective voltage = high_voltage_reference - voltage_attenuation
+EFFECTIVE_HIGH_VOLTAGE = {
+    ("2.4V", "1.5V"): cg.global_ns.TOUCH_VOLT_LIM_H_0V9,
+    ("2.5V", "1.5V"): cg.global_ns.TOUCH_VOLT_LIM_H_1V0,
+    ("2.6V", "1.5V"): cg.global_ns.TOUCH_VOLT_LIM_H_1V1,
+    ("2.7V", "1.5V"): cg.global_ns.TOUCH_VOLT_LIM_H_1V2,
+    ("2.4V", "1V"): cg.global_ns.TOUCH_VOLT_LIM_H_1V4,
+    ("2.5V", "1V"): cg.global_ns.TOUCH_VOLT_LIM_H_1V5,
+    ("2.6V", "1V"): cg.global_ns.TOUCH_VOLT_LIM_H_1V6,
+    ("2.7V", "1V"): cg.global_ns.TOUCH_VOLT_LIM_H_1V7,
+    ("2.4V", "0.5V"): cg.global_ns.TOUCH_VOLT_LIM_H_1V9,
+    ("2.5V", "0.5V"): cg.global_ns.TOUCH_VOLT_LIM_H_2V0,
+    ("2.6V", "0.5V"): cg.global_ns.TOUCH_VOLT_LIM_H_2V1,
+    ("2.7V", "0.5V"): cg.global_ns.TOUCH_VOLT_LIM_H_2V2,
+    ("2.4V", "0V"): cg.global_ns.TOUCH_VOLT_LIM_H_2V4,
+    ("2.5V", "0V"): cg.global_ns.TOUCH_VOLT_LIM_H_2V5,
+    ("2.6V", "0V"): cg.global_ns.TOUCH_VOLT_LIM_H_2V6,
+    ("2.7V", "0V"): cg.global_ns.TOUCH_VOLT_LIM_H_2V7,
 }
 
 
 def validate_touch_pad(value):
     value = gpio.gpio_pin_number_validator(value)
     variant = get_esp32_variant()
-    if variant not in TOUCH_PADS:
+    pads = TOUCH_PADS.get(variant)
+    if pads is None:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"ESP32 variant {variant} does not support touch pads.")
-
-    pads = TOUCH_PADS[variant]
     if value not in pads:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"Pin {value} does not support touch pads.")
-    return cv.enum(pads)(value)
+    return pads[value]  # Return integer channel ID
 
 
 def validate_variant_vars(config):
-    if get_esp32_variant() == VARIANT_ESP32:
-        variant_vars = {
+    variant = get_esp32_variant()
+    invalid_vars = set()
+    if variant == VARIANT_ESP32:
+        invalid_vars = {
             CONF_DEBOUNCE_COUNT,
             CONF_DENOISE_GRADE,
             CONF_DENOISE_CAP_LEVEL,
@@ -176,15 +207,14 @@ def validate_variant_vars(config):
             CONF_WATERPROOF_GUARD_RING,
             CONF_WATERPROOF_SHIELD_DRIVER,
         }
-        for vvar in variant_vars:
-            if vvar in config:
-                raise cv.Invalid(f"{vvar} is not valid on {VARIANT_ESP32}")
-    elif (
-        get_esp32_variant() == VARIANT_ESP32S2 or get_esp32_variant() == VARIANT_ESP32S3
-    ) and CONF_IIR_FILTER in config:
-        raise cv.Invalid(
-            f"{CONF_IIR_FILTER} is not valid on {VARIANT_ESP32S2} or {VARIANT_ESP32S3}"
-        )
+    elif variant in (VARIANT_ESP32S2, VARIANT_ESP32S3, VARIANT_ESP32P4):
+        invalid_vars = {CONF_IIR_FILTER}
+        if variant == VARIANT_ESP32P4:
+            invalid_vars |= {CONF_DENOISE_GRADE, CONF_DENOISE_CAP_LEVEL}
+    unsupported = invalid_vars.intersection(config)
+    if unsupported:
+        keys = ", ".join(sorted(f"'{k}'" for k in unsupported))
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"{keys} not valid on {variant}")
 
     return config
 
@@ -219,12 +249,17 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.Optional(CONF_HIGH_VOLTAGE_REFERENCE, default="2.7V"): validate_voltage(
                 HIGH_VOLTAGE_REFERENCE
             ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_VOLTAGE_ATTENUATION, default="0V"): validate_voltage(
-                VOLTAGE_ATTENUATION
-            ),
+            # ESP32 V1 only: attenuates the high voltage reference
+            cv.SplitDefault(
+                CONF_VOLTAGE_ATTENUATION,
+                esp32="0V",
+                esp32_s2=cv.UNDEFINED,
+                esp32_s3=cv.UNDEFINED,
+                esp32_p4=cv.UNDEFINED,
+            ): validate_voltage(VOLTAGE_ATTENUATION),
             # ESP32 only
             cv.Optional(CONF_IIR_FILTER): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
-            # ESP32-S2/S3 only
+            # ESP32-S2/S3/P4 only
             cv.Optional(CONF_DEBOUNCE_COUNT): cv.int_range(min=0, max=7),
             cv.Optional(CONF_FILTER_MODE): cv.enum(
                 TOUCH_PAD_FILTER_MODE, upper=True, space="_"
@@ -241,9 +276,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 TOUCH_PAD_DENOISE_CAP_LEVEL, upper=True, space="_"
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_WATERPROOF_GUARD_RING): validate_touch_pad,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_WATERPROOF_SHIELD_DRIVER): cv.enum(
-                TOUCH_PAD_WATERPROOF_SHIELD_DRIVER, upper=True, space="_"
-            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_WATERPROOF_SHIELD_DRIVER): cv.int_range(min=0, max=7),
         }
     ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
     cv.has_none_or_all_keys(CONF_DENOISE_GRADE, CONF_DENOISE_CAP_LEVEL),
@@ -260,6 +293,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             esp32.VARIANT_ESP32,
             esp32.VARIANT_ESP32S2,
             esp32.VARIANT_ESP32S3,
+            esp32.VARIANT_ESP32P4,
         ]
     ),
     validate_variant_vars,
@@ -267,44 +301,67 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    # Re-enable ESP-IDF's touch sensor driver (excluded by default to save compile time)
+    # New unified touch sensor driver
     include_builtin_idf_component("esp_driver_touch_sens")
-    # Legacy driver component provides driver/touch_sensor.h header
-    include_builtin_idf_component("driver")
 
     touch = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(touch, config)
 
     cg.add(touch.set_setup_mode(config[CONF_SETUP_MODE]))
 
-    sleep_duration = int(round(config[CONF_SLEEP_DURATION].total_microseconds * 0.15))
-    cg.add(touch.set_sleep_duration(sleep_duration))
+    # sleep_duration -> meas_interval_us (pass microseconds directly)
+    cg.add(touch.set_meas_interval_us(config[CONF_SLEEP_DURATION].total_microseconds))
 
-    measurement_duration = int(
-        round(config[CONF_MEASUREMENT_DURATION].total_microseconds * 7.99987793)
-    )
-    cg.add(touch.set_measurement_duration(measurement_duration))
+    variant = get_esp32_variant()
 
-    cg.add(
-        touch.set_low_voltage_reference(
-            LOW_VOLTAGE_REFERENCE[config[CONF_LOW_VOLTAGE_REFERENCE]]
+    # measurement_duration handling differs per variant
+    if variant == VARIANT_ESP32:
+        # V1: charge_duration_ms (convert from microseconds to milliseconds)
+        charge_duration_ms = (
+            config[CONF_MEASUREMENT_DURATION].total_microseconds / 1000.0
         )
-    )
-    cg.add(
-        touch.set_high_voltage_reference(
-            HIGH_VOLTAGE_REFERENCE[config[CONF_HIGH_VOLTAGE_REFERENCE]]
+        cg.add(touch.set_charge_duration_ms(charge_duration_ms))
+    else:
+        # V2/V3: charge_times (approximate conversion from duration)
+        # The old API used clock cycles; the new API uses charge_times count.
+        # Default is 500 for V2/V3. Use measurement_duration as a rough scaling factor.
+        # 65535 / 8192 ≈ 7.9999 maps the microsecond duration to charge_times.
+        charge_times = int(
+            round(config[CONF_MEASUREMENT_DURATION].total_microseconds * (65535 / 8192))
         )
-    )
-    cg.add(
-        touch.set_voltage_attenuation(
-            VOLTAGE_ATTENUATION[config[CONF_VOLTAGE_ATTENUATION]]
-        )
-    )
+        charge_times = max(charge_times, 1)
+        cg.add(touch.set_charge_times(charge_times))
 
-    if get_esp32_variant() == VARIANT_ESP32 and CONF_IIR_FILTER in config:
+    # Voltage references (not applicable to P4)
+    if variant != VARIANT_ESP32P4:
+        if CONF_LOW_VOLTAGE_REFERENCE in config:
+            cg.add(
+                touch.set_low_voltage_reference(
+                    LOW_VOLTAGE_REFERENCE[config[CONF_LOW_VOLTAGE_REFERENCE]]
+                )
+            )
+        if CONF_HIGH_VOLTAGE_REFERENCE in config:
+            if variant == VARIANT_ESP32:
+                # V1: combine high_voltage_reference with voltage_attenuation
+                high_ref = config[CONF_HIGH_VOLTAGE_REFERENCE]
+                atten = config[CONF_VOLTAGE_ATTENUATION]
+                cg.add(
+                    touch.set_high_voltage_reference(
+                        EFFECTIVE_HIGH_VOLTAGE[(high_ref, atten)]
+                    )
+                )
+            else:
+                # V2/V3: no attenuation concept, use directly
+                cg.add(
+                    touch.set_high_voltage_reference(
+                        HIGH_VOLTAGE_REFERENCE[config[CONF_HIGH_VOLTAGE_REFERENCE]]
+                    )
+                )
+
+    if variant == VARIANT_ESP32 and CONF_IIR_FILTER in config:
         cg.add(touch.set_iir_filter(config[CONF_IIR_FILTER]))
 
-    if get_esp32_variant() == VARIANT_ESP32S2 or get_esp32_variant() == VARIANT_ESP32S3:
+    if variant in (VARIANT_ESP32S2, VARIANT_ESP32S3, VARIANT_ESP32P4):
         if CONF_FILTER_MODE in config:
             cg.add(touch.set_filter_mode(config[CONF_FILTER_MODE]))
         if CONF_DEBOUNCE_COUNT in config:
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_touch/esp32_touch.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_touch/esp32_touch.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e7124ce92f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_touch/esp32_touch.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,500 @@
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+
+#include "esp32_touch.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+
+#include <cinttypes>
+
+namespace esphome::esp32_touch {
+
+template<size_t N> static const char *lookup_str(const char *const (&table)[N], size_t index) {
+  return (index < N) ? table[index] : "UNKNOWN";
+}
+
+static const char *const TAG = "esp32_touch";
+
+static constexpr uint32_t SETUP_MODE_LOG_INTERVAL_MS = 250;
+static constexpr uint32_t INITIAL_STATE_DELAY_MS = 1500;
+static constexpr uint32_t ONESHOT_SCAN_COUNT = 3;
+static constexpr uint32_t ONESHOT_SCAN_TIMEOUT_MS = 2000;
+
+// V1: called from esp_timer context (software filter)
+// V2/V3: called from ISR context
+// xQueueSendFromISR is safe from both contexts.
+
+bool IRAM_ATTR ESP32TouchComponent::on_active_cb(touch_sensor_handle_t handle, const touch_active_event_data_t *event,
+                                                 void *ctx) {
+  auto *comp = static_cast<ESP32TouchComponent *>(ctx);
+  TouchEvent te{event->chan_id, true};
+  BaseType_t higher = pdFALSE;
+  xQueueSendFromISR(comp->touch_queue_, &te, &higher);
+  comp->enable_loop_soon_any_context();
+  return higher == pdTRUE;
+}
+
+bool IRAM_ATTR ESP32TouchComponent::on_inactive_cb(touch_sensor_handle_t handle,
+                                                   const touch_inactive_event_data_t *event, void *ctx) {
+  auto *comp = static_cast<ESP32TouchComponent *>(ctx);
+  TouchEvent te{event->chan_id, false};
+  BaseType_t higher = pdFALSE;
+  xQueueSendFromISR(comp->touch_queue_, &te, &higher);
+  comp->enable_loop_soon_any_context();
+  return higher == pdTRUE;
+}
+
+void ESP32TouchComponent::setup() {
+  if (!this->create_touch_queue_()) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Create sample config - differs per hardware version
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32
+  touch_sensor_sample_config_t sample_cfg = TOUCH_SENSOR_V1_DEFAULT_SAMPLE_CONFIG(
+      this->charge_duration_ms_, this->low_voltage_reference_, this->high_voltage_reference_);
+#elif defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4)
+  // div_num=8 (data scaling divisor), coarse_freq_tune=2, fine_freq_tune=2
+  touch_sensor_sample_config_t sample_cfg = TOUCH_SENSOR_V3_DEFAULT_SAMPLE_CONFIG(8, 2, 2);
+  sample_cfg.charge_times = this->charge_times_;
+#else
+  // ESP32-S2/S3 (V2)
+  touch_sensor_sample_config_t sample_cfg = TOUCH_SENSOR_V2_DEFAULT_SAMPLE_CONFIG(
+      this->charge_times_, this->low_voltage_reference_, this->high_voltage_reference_);
+#endif
+
+  // Create controller
+  touch_sensor_config_t sens_cfg = TOUCH_SENSOR_DEFAULT_BASIC_CONFIG(1, &sample_cfg);
+  sens_cfg.meas_interval_us = this->meas_interval_us_;
+#ifndef USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32
+  sens_cfg.max_meas_time_us = 0;  // Disable measurement timeout (V2/V3 only)
+#endif
+
+  esp_err_t err = touch_sensor_new_controller(&sens_cfg, &this->sens_handle_);
+  if (err != ESP_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to create touch controller: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
+    this->cleanup_touch_queue_();
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Create channels for all children
+  for (auto *child : this->children_) {
+    touch_channel_config_t chan_cfg = {};
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32
+    chan_cfg.abs_active_thresh[0] = child->get_threshold();
+    chan_cfg.charge_speed = TOUCH_CHARGE_SPEED_7;
+    chan_cfg.init_charge_volt = TOUCH_INIT_CHARGE_VOLT_DEFAULT;
+    chan_cfg.group = TOUCH_CHAN_TRIG_GROUP_BOTH;
+#elif defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4)
+    chan_cfg.active_thresh[0] = child->get_threshold();
+#else
+    // ESP32-S2/S3 (V2)
+    chan_cfg.active_thresh[0] = child->get_threshold();
+    chan_cfg.charge_speed = TOUCH_CHARGE_SPEED_7;
+    chan_cfg.init_charge_volt = TOUCH_INIT_CHARGE_VOLT_DEFAULT;
+#endif
+
+    err = touch_sensor_new_channel(this->sens_handle_, child->get_channel_id(), &chan_cfg, &child->chan_handle_);
+    if (err != ESP_OK) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to create touch channel %d: %s", child->get_channel_id(), esp_err_to_name(err));
+      this->cleanup_touch_queue_();
+      this->mark_failed();
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Configure filter
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32
+  // Software filter is REQUIRED for V1 on_active/on_inactive callbacks
+  {
+    touch_sensor_filter_config_t filter_cfg = TOUCH_SENSOR_DEFAULT_FILTER_CONFIG();
+    if (this->iir_filter_enabled_()) {
+      filter_cfg.interval_ms = this->iir_filter_;
+    }
+    err = touch_sensor_config_filter(this->sens_handle_, &filter_cfg);
+    if (err != ESP_OK) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to configure filter: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
+      this->cleanup_touch_queue_();
+      this->mark_failed();
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+#else
+  // V2/V3: Hardware benchmark filter
+  {
+    touch_sensor_filter_config_t filter_cfg = TOUCH_SENSOR_DEFAULT_FILTER_CONFIG();
+    if (this->filter_configured_) {
+      filter_cfg.benchmark.filter_mode = this->filter_mode_;
+      filter_cfg.benchmark.jitter_step = this->jitter_step_;
+      filter_cfg.benchmark.denoise_lvl = this->noise_threshold_;
+      filter_cfg.data.smooth_filter = this->smooth_level_;
+      filter_cfg.data.debounce_cnt = this->debounce_count_;
+    }
+    err = touch_sensor_config_filter(this->sens_handle_, &filter_cfg);
+    if (err != ESP_OK) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to configure filter: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+
+#if SOC_TOUCH_SUPPORT_DENOISE_CHAN
+  if (this->denoise_configured_) {
+    touch_denoise_chan_config_t denoise_cfg = {};
+    denoise_cfg.charge_speed = TOUCH_CHARGE_SPEED_7;
+    denoise_cfg.init_charge_volt = TOUCH_INIT_CHARGE_VOLT_DEFAULT;
+    denoise_cfg.ref_cap = this->denoise_cap_level_;
+    denoise_cfg.resolution = this->denoise_grade_;
+    err = touch_sensor_config_denoise_channel(this->sens_handle_, &denoise_cfg);
+    if (err != ESP_OK) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to configure denoise: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+
+#if SOC_TOUCH_SUPPORT_WATERPROOF
+  if (this->waterproof_configured_) {
+    touch_channel_handle_t guard_chan = nullptr;
+    for (auto *child : this->children_) {
+      if (child->get_channel_id() == this->waterproof_guard_ring_pad_) {
+        guard_chan = child->chan_handle_;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    touch_channel_handle_t shield_chan = nullptr;
+    touch_channel_config_t shield_cfg = {};
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4
+    shield_cfg.active_thresh[0] = 0;
+    err = touch_sensor_new_channel(this->sens_handle_, SOC_TOUCH_MAX_CHAN_ID, &shield_cfg, &shield_chan);
+#else
+    shield_cfg.active_thresh[0] = 0;
+    shield_cfg.charge_speed = TOUCH_CHARGE_SPEED_7;
+    shield_cfg.init_charge_volt = TOUCH_INIT_CHARGE_VOLT_DEFAULT;
+    err = touch_sensor_new_channel(this->sens_handle_, TOUCH_SHIELD_CHAN_ID, &shield_cfg, &shield_chan);
+#endif
+    if (err == ESP_OK) {
+      touch_waterproof_config_t wp_cfg = {};
+      wp_cfg.guard_chan = guard_chan;
+      wp_cfg.shield_chan = shield_chan;
+      wp_cfg.shield_drv = this->waterproof_shield_driver_;
+      wp_cfg.flags.immersion_proof = 1;
+      err = touch_sensor_config_waterproof(this->sens_handle_, &wp_cfg);
+      if (err != ESP_OK) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to configure waterproof: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
+      }
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to create shield channel: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+
+  // Configure wakeup pads before enabling (must be done in INIT state)
+  this->configure_wakeup_pads_();
+
+  // Register callbacks
+  touch_event_callbacks_t cbs = {};
+  cbs.on_active = on_active_cb;
+  cbs.on_inactive = on_inactive_cb;
+  err = touch_sensor_register_callbacks(this->sens_handle_, &cbs, this);
+  if (err != ESP_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to register callbacks: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
+    this->cleanup_touch_queue_();
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Enable and start scanning
+  err = touch_sensor_enable(this->sens_handle_);
+  if (err != ESP_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to enable touch sensor: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
+    this->cleanup_touch_queue_();
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Do initial oneshot scans to populate baseline values
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ONESHOT_SCAN_COUNT; i++) {
+    err = touch_sensor_trigger_oneshot_scanning(this->sens_handle_, ONESHOT_SCAN_TIMEOUT_MS);
+    if (err != ESP_OK) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Oneshot scan %d failed: %s", i, esp_err_to_name(err));
+    }
+  }
+
+  err = touch_sensor_start_continuous_scanning(this->sens_handle_);
+  if (err != ESP_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to start continuous scanning: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+void ESP32TouchComponent::dump_config() {
+#if !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4)
+  static constexpr const char *LV_STRS[] = {"0.5V", "0.6V", "0.7V", "0.8V"};
+  static constexpr const char *HV_STRS[] = {"0.9V", "1.0V", "1.1V", "1.2V", "1.4V", "1.5V", "1.6V", "1.7V",
+                                            "1.9V", "2.0V", "2.1V", "2.2V", "2.4V", "2.5V", "2.6V", "2.7V"};
+  const char *lv_s = lookup_str(LV_STRS, this->low_voltage_reference_);
+  const char *hv_s = lookup_str(HV_STRS, this->high_voltage_reference_);
+
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "Config for ESP32 Touch Hub:\n"
+                "  Measurement interval: %.1fus\n"
+                "  Low Voltage Reference: %s\n"
+                "  High Voltage Reference: %s",
+                this->meas_interval_us_, lv_s, hv_s);
+#else
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "Config for ESP32 Touch Hub:\n"
+                "  Measurement interval: %.1fus",
+                this->meas_interval_us_);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32
+  if (this->iir_filter_enabled_()) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  IIR Filter: %" PRIu32 "ms", this->iir_filter_);
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  IIR Filter: 10ms (default)");
+  }
+#else
+  if (this->filter_configured_) {
+    // TOUCH_BM_IIR_FILTER_256 only exists on V2, shifting JITTER's position
+    static constexpr const char *FILTER_STRS[] = {
+      "IIR_4",
+      "IIR_8",
+      "IIR_16",
+      "IIR_32",
+      "IIR_64",
+      "IIR_128",
+#if SOC_TOUCH_SENSOR_VERSION == 2
+      "IIR_256",
+#endif
+      "JITTER",
+    };
+    static constexpr const char *SMOOTH_STRS[] = {"OFF", "IIR_2", "IIR_4", "IIR_8"};
+    const char *filter_s = lookup_str(FILTER_STRS, this->filter_mode_);
+    const char *smooth_s = lookup_str(SMOOTH_STRS, this->smooth_level_);
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                  "  Filter mode: %s\n"
+                  "  Debounce count: %" PRIu32 "\n"
+                  "  Noise threshold coefficient: %" PRIu32 "\n"
+                  "  Jitter filter step size: %" PRIu32 "\n"
+                  "  Smooth level: %s",
+                  filter_s, this->debounce_count_, this->noise_threshold_, this->jitter_step_, smooth_s);
+  }
+
+#if SOC_TOUCH_SUPPORT_DENOISE_CHAN
+  if (this->denoise_configured_) {
+    static constexpr const char *GRADE_STRS[] = {"BIT12", "BIT10", "BIT8", "BIT4"};
+    static constexpr const char *CAP_STRS[] = {"5pF", "6.4pF", "7.8pF", "9.2pF", "10.6pF", "12pF", "13.4pF", "14.8pF"};
+    const char *grade_s = lookup_str(GRADE_STRS, this->denoise_grade_);
+    const char *cap_s = lookup_str(CAP_STRS, this->denoise_cap_level_);
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                  "  Denoise grade: %s\n"
+                  "  Denoise capacitance level: %s",
+                  grade_s, cap_s);
+  }
+#endif
+#endif  // !USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32
+
+  if (this->setup_mode_) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Setup Mode ENABLED");
+  }
+
+  for (auto *child : this->children_) {
+    LOG_BINARY_SENSOR("  ", "Touch Pad", child);
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                  "    Channel: %d\n"
+                  "    Threshold: %" PRIu32 "\n"
+                  "    Benchmark: %" PRIu32,
+                  child->channel_id_, child->threshold_, child->benchmark_);
+  }
+}
+
+void ESP32TouchComponent::loop() {
+  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+
+  // In setup mode, periodically log all pad values
+  this->process_setup_mode_logging_(now);
+
+  // Process queued touch events from callbacks
+  TouchEvent event;
+  while (xQueueReceive(this->touch_queue_, &event, 0) == pdTRUE) {
+    for (auto *child : this->children_) {
+      if (child->get_channel_id() != event.chan_id) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // Read current smooth value
+      uint32_t value = 0;
+      touch_channel_read_data(child->chan_handle_, TOUCH_CHAN_DATA_TYPE_SMOOTH, &value);
+      child->value_ = value;
+
+#ifndef USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32
+      // V2/V3: also read benchmark
+      uint32_t benchmark = 0;
+      touch_channel_read_data(child->chan_handle_, TOUCH_CHAN_DATA_TYPE_BENCHMARK, &benchmark);
+      child->benchmark_ = benchmark;
+#endif
+
+      bool new_state = event.is_active;
+
+      if (new_state != child->last_state_) {
+        child->initial_state_published_ = true;
+        child->last_state_ = new_state;
+        child->publish_state(new_state);
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Touch Pad '%s' state: %s (value: %" PRIu32 ", threshold: %" PRIu32 ")",
+                 child->get_name().c_str(), ONOFF(new_state), value, child->get_threshold());
+#else
+        if (new_state) {
+          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Touch Pad '%s' state: ON (value: %" PRIu32 ", benchmark: %" PRIu32 ", threshold: %" PRIu32 ")",
+                   child->get_name().c_str(), value, benchmark, child->get_threshold());
+        } else {
+          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Touch Pad '%s' state: OFF", child->get_name().c_str());
+        }
+#endif
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Publish initial OFF state for sensors that haven't received events yet
+  for (auto *child : this->children_) {
+    this->publish_initial_state_if_needed_(child, now);
+  }
+
+  if (!this->setup_mode_) {
+    this->disable_loop();
+  }
+}
+
+void ESP32TouchComponent::on_shutdown() {
+  if (this->sens_handle_ == nullptr)
+    return;
+
+  touch_sensor_stop_continuous_scanning(this->sens_handle_);
+  touch_sensor_disable(this->sens_handle_);
+
+  for (auto *child : this->children_) {
+    if (child->chan_handle_ != nullptr) {
+      touch_sensor_del_channel(child->chan_handle_);
+      child->chan_handle_ = nullptr;
+    }
+  }
+
+  touch_sensor_del_controller(this->sens_handle_);
+  this->sens_handle_ = nullptr;
+
+  this->cleanup_touch_queue_();
+}
+
+bool ESP32TouchComponent::create_touch_queue_() {
+  size_t queue_size = this->children_.size() * 4;
+  if (queue_size < 8)
+    queue_size = 8;
+
+  this->touch_queue_ = xQueueCreate(queue_size, sizeof(TouchEvent));
+
+  if (this->touch_queue_ == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to create touch event queue of size %" PRIu32, (uint32_t) queue_size);
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void ESP32TouchComponent::cleanup_touch_queue_() {
+  if (this->touch_queue_) {
+    vQueueDelete(this->touch_queue_);
+    this->touch_queue_ = nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+void ESP32TouchComponent::configure_wakeup_pads_() {
+#if SOC_TOUCH_SUPPORT_SLEEP_WAKEUP
+  bool has_wakeup = false;
+  for (auto *child : this->children_) {
+    if (child->get_wakeup_threshold() != 0) {
+      has_wakeup = true;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!has_wakeup)
+    return;
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32
+  // V1: Simple sleep config - threshold is set via channel config's abs_active_thresh
+  touch_sleep_config_t sleep_cfg = TOUCH_SENSOR_DEFAULT_DSLP_CONFIG();
+  sleep_cfg.deep_slp_sens_cfg = nullptr;
+  esp_err_t err = touch_sensor_config_sleep_wakeup(this->sens_handle_, &sleep_cfg);
+  if (err != ESP_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to configure touch sleep wakeup: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
+  }
+#else
+  // V2/V3: Need to specify a deep sleep channel and threshold
+  touch_channel_handle_t wakeup_chan = nullptr;
+  uint32_t wakeup_thresh = 0;
+  for (auto *child : this->children_) {
+    if (child->get_wakeup_threshold() != 0) {
+      wakeup_chan = child->chan_handle_;
+      wakeup_thresh = child->get_wakeup_threshold();
+      break;  // Only one deep sleep wakeup channel is supported
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (wakeup_chan != nullptr) {
+    touch_sleep_config_t sleep_cfg = TOUCH_SENSOR_DEFAULT_DSLP_CONFIG();
+    sleep_cfg.deep_slp_chan = wakeup_chan;
+    sleep_cfg.deep_slp_thresh[0] = wakeup_thresh;
+    sleep_cfg.deep_slp_sens_cfg = nullptr;
+    esp_err_t err = touch_sensor_config_sleep_wakeup(this->sens_handle_, &sleep_cfg);
+    if (err != ESP_OK) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to configure touch sleep wakeup: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+#endif  // SOC_TOUCH_SUPPORT_SLEEP_WAKEUP
+}
+
+void ESP32TouchComponent::process_setup_mode_logging_(uint32_t now) {
+  if (this->setup_mode_ && now - this->setup_mode_last_log_print_ > SETUP_MODE_LOG_INTERVAL_MS) {
+    for (auto *child : this->children_) {
+      if (child->chan_handle_ == nullptr)
+        continue;
+
+      uint32_t smooth_value = 0;
+      touch_channel_read_data(child->chan_handle_, TOUCH_CHAN_DATA_TYPE_SMOOTH, &smooth_value);
+      child->value_ = smooth_value;
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Touch Pad '%s' (Ch%d): %" PRIu32, child->get_name().c_str(), child->channel_id_, smooth_value);
+#else
+      uint32_t benchmark = 0;
+      touch_channel_read_data(child->chan_handle_, TOUCH_CHAN_DATA_TYPE_BENCHMARK, &benchmark);
+      child->benchmark_ = benchmark;
+      int32_t difference = static_cast<int32_t>(smooth_value) - static_cast<int32_t>(benchmark);
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG,
+               "Touch Pad '%s' (Ch%d): value=%" PRIu32 ", benchmark=%" PRIu32 ", difference=%" PRId32
+               " (set threshold < %" PRId32 " to detect touch)",
+               child->get_name().c_str(), child->channel_id_, smooth_value, benchmark, difference, difference);
+#endif
+    }
+    this->setup_mode_last_log_print_ = now;
+  }
+}
+
+void ESP32TouchComponent::publish_initial_state_if_needed_(ESP32TouchBinarySensor *child, uint32_t now) {
+  if (!child->initial_state_published_) {
+    if (now > INITIAL_STATE_DELAY_MS) {
+      child->publish_initial_state(false);
+      child->initial_state_published_ = true;
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Touch Pad '%s' state: OFF (initial)", child->get_name().c_str());
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::esp32_touch
+
+#endif  // USE_ESP32
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_touch/esp32_touch.h b/esphome/components/esp32_touch/esp32_touch.h
index 7f45f2ccb4..d51b2d4922 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_touch/esp32_touch.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_touch/esp32_touch.h
@@ -4,49 +4,49 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
-#include <esp_idf_version.h>
 
 #include <vector>
 
-#include <driver/touch_sensor.h>
+#include <driver/touch_sens.h>
 #include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
 #include <freertos/queue.h>
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace esp32_touch {
+namespace esphome::esp32_touch {
 
 // IMPORTANT: Touch detection logic differs between ESP32 variants:
-// - ESP32 v1 (original): Touch detected when value < threshold (capacitance increase causes value decrease)
-// - ESP32-S2/S3 v2: Touch detected when value > threshold (capacitance increase causes value increase)
-// This inversion is due to different hardware implementations between chip generations.
+// - ESP32 v1 (original): Touch detected when value < threshold (absolute threshold, capacitance increase causes
+//   value decrease)
+// - ESP32-S2/S3 v2, ESP32-P4 v3: Touch detected when (smooth - benchmark) > threshold (relative threshold)
 //
-// INTERRUPT BEHAVIOR:
-// - ESP32 v1: Interrupts fire when ANY pad is touched and continue while touched.
-//   Releases are detected by timeout since hardware doesn't generate release interrupts.
-// - ESP32-S2/S3 v2: Hardware supports both touch and release interrupts, but release
-//   interrupts are unreliable and sometimes don't fire. We now only use touch interrupts
-//   and detect releases via timeout, similar to v1.
-
-static const uint32_t SETUP_MODE_LOG_INTERVAL_MS = 250;
+// CALLBACK BEHAVIOR:
+// - ESP32 v1: on_active/on_inactive fire from a software filter timer (esp_timer context).
+//   The software filter MUST be configured for these callbacks to fire.
+// - ESP32-S2/S3 v2, ESP32-P4 v3: on_active/on_inactive fire from hardware ISR context.
+//   Release detection via on_inactive is used, with timeout as safety fallback.
 
 class ESP32TouchBinarySensor;
 
-class ESP32TouchComponent : public Component {
+class ESP32TouchComponent final : public Component {
  public:
   void register_touch_pad(ESP32TouchBinarySensor *pad) { this->children_.push_back(pad); }
 
   void set_setup_mode(bool setup_mode) { this->setup_mode_ = setup_mode; }
-  void set_sleep_duration(uint16_t sleep_duration) { this->sleep_cycle_ = sleep_duration; }
-  void set_measurement_duration(uint16_t meas_cycle) { this->meas_cycle_ = meas_cycle; }
-  void set_low_voltage_reference(touch_low_volt_t low_voltage_reference) {
+  void set_meas_interval_us(float meas_interval_us) { this->meas_interval_us_ = meas_interval_us; }
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32
+  void set_charge_duration_ms(float charge_duration_ms) { this->charge_duration_ms_ = charge_duration_ms; }
+#else
+  void set_charge_times(uint32_t charge_times) { this->charge_times_ = charge_times; }
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4)
+  void set_low_voltage_reference(touch_volt_lim_l_t low_voltage_reference) {
     this->low_voltage_reference_ = low_voltage_reference;
   }
-  void set_high_voltage_reference(touch_high_volt_t high_voltage_reference) {
+  void set_high_voltage_reference(touch_volt_lim_h_t high_voltage_reference) {
     this->high_voltage_reference_ = high_voltage_reference;
   }
-  void set_voltage_attenuation(touch_volt_atten_t voltage_attenuation) {
-    this->voltage_attenuation_ = voltage_attenuation;
-  }
+#endif
 
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
@@ -54,183 +54,130 @@ class ESP32TouchComponent : public Component {
 
   void on_shutdown() override;
 
-#if defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S2) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3)
-  void set_filter_mode(touch_filter_mode_t filter_mode) { this->filter_mode_ = filter_mode; }
-  void set_debounce_count(uint32_t debounce_count) { this->debounce_count_ = debounce_count; }
-  void set_noise_threshold(uint32_t noise_threshold) { this->noise_threshold_ = noise_threshold; }
-  void set_jitter_step(uint32_t jitter_step) { this->jitter_step_ = jitter_step; }
-  void set_smooth_level(touch_smooth_mode_t smooth_level) { this->smooth_level_ = smooth_level; }
-  void set_denoise_grade(touch_pad_denoise_grade_t denoise_grade) { this->grade_ = denoise_grade; }
-  void set_denoise_cap(touch_pad_denoise_cap_t cap_level) { this->cap_level_ = cap_level; }
-  void set_waterproof_guard_ring_pad(touch_pad_t pad) { this->waterproof_guard_ring_pad_ = pad; }
-  void set_waterproof_shield_driver(touch_pad_shield_driver_t drive_capability) {
+#if defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S2) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4)
+  void set_filter_mode(touch_benchmark_filter_mode_t filter_mode) {
+    this->filter_mode_ = filter_mode;
+    this->filter_configured_ = true;
+  }
+  void set_debounce_count(uint32_t debounce_count) {
+    this->debounce_count_ = debounce_count;
+    this->filter_configured_ = true;
+  }
+  void set_noise_threshold(uint32_t noise_threshold) {
+    this->noise_threshold_ = noise_threshold;
+    this->filter_configured_ = true;
+  }
+  void set_jitter_step(uint32_t jitter_step) {
+    this->jitter_step_ = jitter_step;
+    this->filter_configured_ = true;
+  }
+  void set_smooth_level(touch_smooth_filter_mode_t smooth_level) {
+    this->smooth_level_ = smooth_level;
+    this->filter_configured_ = true;
+  }
+#if SOC_TOUCH_SUPPORT_DENOISE_CHAN
+  void set_denoise_grade(touch_denoise_chan_resolution_t denoise_grade) {
+    this->denoise_grade_ = denoise_grade;
+    this->denoise_configured_ = true;
+  }
+  void set_denoise_cap(touch_denoise_chan_cap_t cap_level) {
+    this->denoise_cap_level_ = cap_level;
+    this->denoise_configured_ = true;
+  }
+#endif
+  void set_waterproof_guard_ring_pad(int channel_id) {
+    this->waterproof_guard_ring_pad_ = channel_id;
+    this->waterproof_configured_ = true;
+  }
+  void set_waterproof_shield_driver(uint32_t drive_capability) {
     this->waterproof_shield_driver_ = drive_capability;
+    this->waterproof_configured_ = true;
   }
 #else
   void set_iir_filter(uint32_t iir_filter) { this->iir_filter_ = iir_filter; }
 #endif
 
  protected:
+  // Unified touch event for queue communication
+  struct TouchEvent {
+    int chan_id;
+    bool is_active;
+  };
+
   // Common helper methods
-  void dump_config_base_();
-  void dump_config_sensors_();
   bool create_touch_queue_();
   void cleanup_touch_queue_();
   void configure_wakeup_pads_();
 
   // Helper methods for loop() logic
   void process_setup_mode_logging_(uint32_t now);
-  bool should_check_for_releases_(uint32_t now);
   void publish_initial_state_if_needed_(ESP32TouchBinarySensor *child, uint32_t now);
-  void check_and_disable_loop_if_all_released_(size_t pads_off);
-  void calculate_release_timeout_();
+
+  // Unified callbacks for new API
+  static bool on_active_cb(touch_sensor_handle_t handle, const touch_active_event_data_t *event, void *ctx);
+  static bool on_inactive_cb(touch_sensor_handle_t handle, const touch_inactive_event_data_t *event, void *ctx);
 
   // Common members
   std::vector<ESP32TouchBinarySensor *> children_;
   bool setup_mode_{false};
   uint32_t setup_mode_last_log_print_{0};
-  uint32_t last_release_check_{0};
-  uint32_t release_timeout_ms_{1500};
-  uint32_t release_check_interval_ms_{50};
+
+  // Controller handle (new API)
+  touch_sensor_handle_t sens_handle_{nullptr};
+  QueueHandle_t touch_queue_{nullptr};
 
   // Common configuration parameters
-  uint16_t sleep_cycle_{4095};
-  uint16_t meas_cycle_{65535};
-  touch_low_volt_t low_voltage_reference_{TOUCH_LVOLT_0V5};
-  touch_high_volt_t high_voltage_reference_{TOUCH_HVOLT_2V7};
-  touch_volt_atten_t voltage_attenuation_{TOUCH_HVOLT_ATTEN_0V};
+  float meas_interval_us_{320.0f};
 
-  // Common constants
-  static constexpr uint32_t MINIMUM_RELEASE_TIME_MS = 100;
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32
+  float charge_duration_ms_{1.0f};
+#else
+  uint32_t charge_times_{500};
+#endif
 
-  // ==================== PLATFORM SPECIFIC ====================
+#if !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4)
+  touch_volt_lim_l_t low_voltage_reference_{TOUCH_VOLT_LIM_L_0V5};
+  touch_volt_lim_h_t high_voltage_reference_{TOUCH_VOLT_LIM_H_2V7};
+#endif
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32
   // ESP32 v1 specific
-
-  static void touch_isr_handler(void *arg);
-  QueueHandle_t touch_queue_{nullptr};
-
- private:
-  // Touch event structure for ESP32 v1
-  // Contains touch pad info, value, and touch state for queue communication
-  struct TouchPadEventV1 {
-    touch_pad_t pad;
-    uint32_t value;
-    bool is_touched;
-  };
-
- protected:
   uint32_t iir_filter_{0};
 
   bool iir_filter_enabled_() const { return this->iir_filter_ > 0; }
 
-#elif defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S2) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3)
-  // ESP32-S2/S3 v2 specific
-  static void touch_isr_handler(void *arg);
-  QueueHandle_t touch_queue_{nullptr};
+#elif defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S2) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4)
+  // ESP32-S2/S3/P4 v2/v3 specific
 
- private:
-  // Touch event structure for ESP32 v2 (S2/S3)
-  // Contains touch pad and interrupt mask for queue communication
-  struct TouchPadEventV2 {
-    touch_pad_t pad;
-    uint32_t intr_mask;
-  };
-
- protected:
-  // Filter configuration
-  touch_filter_mode_t filter_mode_{TOUCH_PAD_FILTER_MAX};
+  // Filter configuration - use sentinel values to detect "not configured"
+  touch_benchmark_filter_mode_t filter_mode_{TOUCH_BM_JITTER_FILTER};
   uint32_t debounce_count_{0};
   uint32_t noise_threshold_{0};
   uint32_t jitter_step_{0};
-  touch_smooth_mode_t smooth_level_{TOUCH_PAD_SMOOTH_MAX};
+  touch_smooth_filter_mode_t smooth_level_{TOUCH_SMOOTH_NO_FILTER};
+  bool filter_configured_{false};
 
+#if SOC_TOUCH_SUPPORT_DENOISE_CHAN
   // Denoise configuration
-  touch_pad_denoise_grade_t grade_{TOUCH_PAD_DENOISE_MAX};
-  touch_pad_denoise_cap_t cap_level_{TOUCH_PAD_DENOISE_CAP_MAX};
-
-  // Waterproof configuration
-  touch_pad_t waterproof_guard_ring_pad_{TOUCH_PAD_MAX};
-  touch_pad_shield_driver_t waterproof_shield_driver_{TOUCH_PAD_SHIELD_DRV_MAX};
-
-  bool filter_configured_() const {
-    return (this->filter_mode_ != TOUCH_PAD_FILTER_MAX) && (this->smooth_level_ != TOUCH_PAD_SMOOTH_MAX);
-  }
-  bool denoise_configured_() const {
-    return (this->grade_ != TOUCH_PAD_DENOISE_MAX) && (this->cap_level_ != TOUCH_PAD_DENOISE_CAP_MAX);
-  }
-  bool waterproof_configured_() const {
-    return (this->waterproof_guard_ring_pad_ != TOUCH_PAD_MAX) &&
-           (this->waterproof_shield_driver_ != TOUCH_PAD_SHIELD_DRV_MAX);
-  }
-
-  // Helper method to read touch values - non-blocking operation
-  // Returns the current touch pad value using either filtered or raw reading
-  // based on the filter configuration
-  uint32_t read_touch_value(touch_pad_t pad) const;
-
-  // Helper to update touch state with a known state and value
-  void update_touch_state_(ESP32TouchBinarySensor *child, bool is_touched, uint32_t value);
-
-  // Helper to read touch value and update state for a given child
-  bool check_and_update_touch_state_(ESP32TouchBinarySensor *child);
+  touch_denoise_chan_resolution_t denoise_grade_{TOUCH_DENOISE_CHAN_RESOLUTION_BIT12};
+  touch_denoise_chan_cap_t denoise_cap_level_{TOUCH_DENOISE_CHAN_CAP_5PF};
+  bool denoise_configured_{false};
 #endif
 
-  // Helper functions for dump_config - common to both implementations
-  static const char *get_low_voltage_reference_str(touch_low_volt_t ref) {
-    switch (ref) {
-      case TOUCH_LVOLT_0V5:
-        return "0.5V";
-      case TOUCH_LVOLT_0V6:
-        return "0.6V";
-      case TOUCH_LVOLT_0V7:
-        return "0.7V";
-      case TOUCH_LVOLT_0V8:
-        return "0.8V";
-      default:
-        return "UNKNOWN";
-    }
-  }
-
-  static const char *get_high_voltage_reference_str(touch_high_volt_t ref) {
-    switch (ref) {
-      case TOUCH_HVOLT_2V4:
-        return "2.4V";
-      case TOUCH_HVOLT_2V5:
-        return "2.5V";
-      case TOUCH_HVOLT_2V6:
-        return "2.6V";
-      case TOUCH_HVOLT_2V7:
-        return "2.7V";
-      default:
-        return "UNKNOWN";
-    }
-  }
-
-  static const char *get_voltage_attenuation_str(touch_volt_atten_t atten) {
-    switch (atten) {
-      case TOUCH_HVOLT_ATTEN_1V5:
-        return "1.5V";
-      case TOUCH_HVOLT_ATTEN_1V:
-        return "1V";
-      case TOUCH_HVOLT_ATTEN_0V5:
-        return "0.5V";
-      case TOUCH_HVOLT_ATTEN_0V:
-        return "0V";
-      default:
-        return "UNKNOWN";
-    }
-  }
+  // Waterproof configuration
+  int waterproof_guard_ring_pad_{-1};
+  uint32_t waterproof_shield_driver_{0};
+  bool waterproof_configured_{false};
+#endif
 };
 
 /// Simple helper class to expose a touch pad value as a binary sensor.
 class ESP32TouchBinarySensor : public binary_sensor::BinarySensor {
  public:
-  ESP32TouchBinarySensor(touch_pad_t touch_pad, uint32_t threshold, uint32_t wakeup_threshold)
-      : touch_pad_(touch_pad), threshold_(threshold), wakeup_threshold_(wakeup_threshold) {}
+  ESP32TouchBinarySensor(int channel_id, uint32_t threshold, uint32_t wakeup_threshold)
+      : channel_id_(channel_id), threshold_(threshold), wakeup_threshold_(wakeup_threshold) {}
 
-  touch_pad_t get_touch_pad() const { return this->touch_pad_; }
+  int get_channel_id() const { return this->channel_id_; }
   uint32_t get_threshold() const { return this->threshold_; }
   void set_threshold(uint32_t threshold) { this->threshold_ = threshold; }
 
@@ -242,39 +189,22 @@ class ESP32TouchBinarySensor : public binary_sensor::BinarySensor {
 
   uint32_t get_wakeup_threshold() const { return this->wakeup_threshold_; }
 
-#if defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S2) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3)
-  /// Ensure benchmark value is read (v2 touch hardware only).
-  /// Called from multiple places - kept as helper to document shared usage.
-  void ensure_benchmark_read() {
-    if (this->benchmark_ == 0) {
-      touch_pad_read_benchmark(this->touch_pad_, &this->benchmark_);
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-
  protected:
   friend ESP32TouchComponent;
 
-  touch_pad_t touch_pad_{TOUCH_PAD_MAX};
+  int channel_id_;
+  touch_channel_handle_t chan_handle_{nullptr};
   uint32_t threshold_{0};
-  uint32_t benchmark_{};
+  uint32_t benchmark_{0};
   /// Stores the last raw touch measurement value.
   uint32_t value_{0};
   bool last_state_{false};
   const uint32_t wakeup_threshold_{0};
 
   // Track last touch time for timeout-based release detection
-  // Design note: last_touch_time_ does not require synchronization primitives because:
-  // 1. ESP32 guarantees atomic 32-bit aligned reads/writes
-  // 2. ISR only writes timestamps, main loop only reads
-  // 3. Timing tolerance allows for occasional stale reads (50ms check interval)
-  // 4. Queue operations provide implicit memory barriers
-  // Using atomic/critical sections would add overhead without meaningful benefit
-  uint32_t last_touch_time_{};
-  bool initial_state_published_{};
+  bool initial_state_published_{false};
 };
 
-}  // namespace esp32_touch
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::esp32_touch
 
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_touch/esp32_touch_common.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_touch/esp32_touch_common.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 429b5173be..0000000000
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_touch/esp32_touch_common.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,173 +0,0 @@
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
-#include "esp32_touch.h"
-#include "esphome/core/log.h"
-#include <cinttypes>
-
-#include "soc/rtc.h"
-
-namespace esphome {
-namespace esp32_touch {
-
-static const char *const TAG = "esp32_touch";
-
-void ESP32TouchComponent::dump_config_base_() {
-  const char *lv_s = get_low_voltage_reference_str(this->low_voltage_reference_);
-  const char *hv_s = get_high_voltage_reference_str(this->high_voltage_reference_);
-  const char *atten_s = get_voltage_attenuation_str(this->voltage_attenuation_);
-
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
-                "Config for ESP32 Touch Hub:\n"
-                "  Meas cycle: %.2fms\n"
-                "  Sleep cycle: %.2fms\n"
-                "  Low Voltage Reference: %s\n"
-                "  High Voltage Reference: %s\n"
-                "  Voltage Attenuation: %s\n"
-                "  Release Timeout: %" PRIu32 "ms\n",
-                this->meas_cycle_ / (8000000.0f / 1000.0f), this->sleep_cycle_ / (150000.0f / 1000.0f), lv_s, hv_s,
-                atten_s, this->release_timeout_ms_);
-}
-
-void ESP32TouchComponent::dump_config_sensors_() {
-  for (auto *child : this->children_) {
-    LOG_BINARY_SENSOR("  ", "Touch Pad", child);
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
-                  "    Pad: T%u\n"
-                  "    Threshold: %" PRIu32 "\n"
-                  "    Benchmark: %" PRIu32,
-                  (unsigned) child->touch_pad_, child->threshold_, child->benchmark_);
-  }
-}
-
-bool ESP32TouchComponent::create_touch_queue_() {
-  // Queue size calculation: children * 4 allows for burst scenarios where ISR
-  // fires multiple times before main loop processes.
-  size_t queue_size = this->children_.size() * 4;
-  if (queue_size < 8)
-    queue_size = 8;
-
-#ifdef USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32
-  this->touch_queue_ = xQueueCreate(queue_size, sizeof(TouchPadEventV1));
-#else
-  this->touch_queue_ = xQueueCreate(queue_size, sizeof(TouchPadEventV2));
-#endif
-
-  if (this->touch_queue_ == nullptr) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to create touch event queue of size %" PRIu32, (uint32_t) queue_size);
-    this->mark_failed();
-    return false;
-  }
-  return true;
-}
-
-void ESP32TouchComponent::cleanup_touch_queue_() {
-  if (this->touch_queue_) {
-    vQueueDelete(this->touch_queue_);
-    this->touch_queue_ = nullptr;
-  }
-}
-
-void ESP32TouchComponent::configure_wakeup_pads_() {
-  bool is_wakeup_source = false;
-
-  // Check if any pad is configured for wakeup
-  for (auto *child : this->children_) {
-    if (child->get_wakeup_threshold() != 0) {
-      is_wakeup_source = true;
-
-#ifdef USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32
-      // ESP32 v1: No filter available when using as wake-up source.
-      touch_pad_config(child->get_touch_pad(), child->get_wakeup_threshold());
-#else
-      // ESP32-S2/S3 v2: Set threshold for wakeup
-      touch_pad_set_thresh(child->get_touch_pad(), child->get_wakeup_threshold());
-#endif
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (!is_wakeup_source) {
-    // If no pad is configured for wakeup, deinitialize touch pad
-    touch_pad_deinit();
-  }
-}
-
-void ESP32TouchComponent::process_setup_mode_logging_(uint32_t now) {
-  if (this->setup_mode_ && now - this->setup_mode_last_log_print_ > SETUP_MODE_LOG_INTERVAL_MS) {
-    for (auto *child : this->children_) {
-#ifdef USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Touch Pad '%s' (T%" PRIu32 "): %" PRIu32, child->get_name().c_str(),
-               (uint32_t) child->get_touch_pad(), child->value_);
-#else
-      // Read the value being used for touch detection
-      uint32_t value = this->read_touch_value(child->get_touch_pad());
-      // Store the value for get_value() access in lambdas
-      child->value_ = value;
-      // Read benchmark if not already read
-      child->ensure_benchmark_read();
-      // Calculate difference to help user set threshold
-      // For ESP32-S2/S3 v2: touch detected when value > benchmark + threshold
-      // So threshold should be < (value - benchmark) when touched
-      int32_t difference = static_cast<int32_t>(value) - static_cast<int32_t>(child->benchmark_);
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG,
-               "Touch Pad '%s' (T%d): value=%d, benchmark=%" PRIu32 ", difference=%" PRId32 " (set threshold < %" PRId32
-               " to detect touch)",
-               child->get_name().c_str(), child->get_touch_pad(), value, child->benchmark_, difference, difference);
-#endif
-    }
-    this->setup_mode_last_log_print_ = now;
-  }
-}
-
-bool ESP32TouchComponent::should_check_for_releases_(uint32_t now) {
-  if (now - this->last_release_check_ < this->release_check_interval_ms_) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  this->last_release_check_ = now;
-  return true;
-}
-
-void ESP32TouchComponent::publish_initial_state_if_needed_(ESP32TouchBinarySensor *child, uint32_t now) {
-  if (!child->initial_state_published_) {
-    // Check if enough time has passed since startup
-    if (now > this->release_timeout_ms_) {
-      child->publish_initial_state(false);
-      child->initial_state_published_ = true;
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Touch Pad '%s' state: OFF (initial)", child->get_name().c_str());
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-void ESP32TouchComponent::check_and_disable_loop_if_all_released_(size_t pads_off) {
-  // Disable the loop to save CPU cycles when all pads are off and not in setup mode.
-  if (pads_off == this->children_.size() && !this->setup_mode_) {
-    this->disable_loop();
-  }
-}
-
-void ESP32TouchComponent::calculate_release_timeout_() {
-  // Calculate release timeout based on sleep cycle
-  // Design note: Hardware limitation - interrupts only fire reliably on touch (not release)
-  // We must use timeout-based detection for release events
-  // Formula: 3 sleep cycles converted to ms, with MINIMUM_RELEASE_TIME_MS minimum
-  // Per ESP-IDF docs: t_sleep = sleep_cycle / SOC_CLK_RC_SLOW_FREQ_APPROX
-
-  uint32_t rtc_freq = rtc_clk_slow_freq_get_hz();
-
-  // Calculate timeout as 3 sleep cycles
-  this->release_timeout_ms_ = (this->sleep_cycle_ * 1000 * 3) / rtc_freq;
-
-  if (this->release_timeout_ms_ < MINIMUM_RELEASE_TIME_MS) {
-    this->release_timeout_ms_ = MINIMUM_RELEASE_TIME_MS;
-  }
-
-  // Check for releases at 1/4 the timeout interval
-  // Since hardware doesn't generate reliable release interrupts, we must poll
-  // for releases in the main loop. Checking at 1/4 the timeout interval provides
-  // a good balance between responsiveness and efficiency.
-  this->release_check_interval_ms_ = this->release_timeout_ms_ / 4;
-}
-
-}  // namespace esp32_touch
-}  // namespace esphome
-
-#endif  // USE_ESP32
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_touch/esp32_touch_v1.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_touch/esp32_touch_v1.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index ffb805e008..0000000000
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_touch/esp32_touch_v1.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,244 +0,0 @@
-#ifdef USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32
-
-#include "esp32_touch.h"
-#include "esphome/core/application.h"
-#include "esphome/core/log.h"
-#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <cinttypes>
-
-// Include HAL for ISR-safe touch reading
-#include "hal/touch_sensor_ll.h"
-
-namespace esphome {
-namespace esp32_touch {
-
-static const char *const TAG = "esp32_touch";
-
-static const uint32_t SETUP_MODE_THRESHOLD = 0xFFFF;
-
-void ESP32TouchComponent::setup() {
-  // Create queue for touch events
-  // Queue size calculation: children * 4 allows for burst scenarios where ISR
-  // fires multiple times before main loop processes. This is important because
-  // ESP32 v1 scans all pads on each interrupt, potentially sending multiple events.
-  if (!this->create_touch_queue_()) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  touch_pad_init();
-  touch_pad_set_fsm_mode(TOUCH_FSM_MODE_TIMER);
-
-  // Set up IIR filter if enabled
-  if (this->iir_filter_enabled_()) {
-    touch_pad_filter_start(this->iir_filter_);
-  }
-
-  // Configure measurement parameters
-#if ESP_IDF_VERSION_MAJOR >= 5
-  touch_pad_set_measurement_clock_cycles(this->meas_cycle_);
-  touch_pad_set_measurement_interval(this->sleep_cycle_);
-#else
-  touch_pad_set_meas_time(this->sleep_cycle_, this->meas_cycle_);
-#endif
-  touch_pad_set_voltage(this->high_voltage_reference_, this->low_voltage_reference_, this->voltage_attenuation_);
-
-  // Configure each touch pad
-  for (auto *child : this->children_) {
-    if (this->setup_mode_) {
-      touch_pad_config(child->get_touch_pad(), SETUP_MODE_THRESHOLD);
-    } else {
-      touch_pad_config(child->get_touch_pad(), child->get_threshold());
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Register ISR handler
-  esp_err_t err = touch_pad_isr_register(touch_isr_handler, this);
-  if (err != ESP_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to register touch ISR: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
-    this->cleanup_touch_queue_();
-    this->mark_failed();
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // Calculate release timeout based on sleep cycle
-  this->calculate_release_timeout_();
-
-  // Enable touch pad interrupt
-  touch_pad_intr_enable();
-}
-
-void ESP32TouchComponent::dump_config() {
-  this->dump_config_base_();
-
-  if (this->iir_filter_enabled_()) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "    IIR Filter: %" PRIu32 "ms", this->iir_filter_);
-  } else {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  IIR Filter DISABLED");
-  }
-
-  if (this->setup_mode_) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Setup Mode ENABLED");
-  }
-
-  this->dump_config_sensors_();
-}
-
-void ESP32TouchComponent::loop() {
-  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
-
-  // Print debug info for all pads in setup mode
-  this->process_setup_mode_logging_(now);
-
-  // Process any queued touch events from interrupts
-  // Note: Events are only sent by ISR for pads that were measured in that cycle (value != 0)
-  // This is more efficient than sending all pad states every interrupt
-  TouchPadEventV1 event;
-  while (xQueueReceive(this->touch_queue_, &event, 0) == pdTRUE) {
-    // Find the corresponding sensor - O(n) search is acceptable since events are infrequent
-    for (auto *child : this->children_) {
-      if (child->get_touch_pad() != event.pad) {
-        continue;
-      }
-
-      // Found matching pad - process it
-      child->value_ = event.value;
-
-      // The interrupt gives us the touch state directly
-      bool new_state = event.is_touched;
-
-      // Track when we last saw this pad as touched
-      if (new_state) {
-        child->last_touch_time_ = now;
-      }
-
-      // Only publish if state changed - this filters out repeated events
-      if (new_state != child->last_state_) {
-        child->initial_state_published_ = true;
-        child->last_state_ = new_state;
-        child->publish_state(new_state);
-        // Original ESP32: ISR only fires when touched, release is detected by timeout
-        // Note: ESP32 v1 uses inverted logic - touched when value < threshold
-        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Touch Pad '%s' state: %s (value: %" PRIu32 " < threshold: %" PRIu32 ")",
-                 child->get_name().c_str(), ONOFF(new_state), event.value, child->get_threshold());
-      }
-      break;  // Exit inner loop after processing matching pad
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Check for released pads periodically
-  if (!this->should_check_for_releases_(now)) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  size_t pads_off = 0;
-  for (auto *child : this->children_) {
-    // Handle initial state publication after startup
-    this->publish_initial_state_if_needed_(child, now);
-
-    if (child->last_state_) {
-      // Pad is currently in touched state - check for release timeout
-      // Using subtraction handles 32-bit rollover correctly
-      uint32_t time_diff = now - child->last_touch_time_;
-
-      // Check if we haven't seen this pad recently
-      if (time_diff > this->release_timeout_ms_) {
-        // Haven't seen this pad recently, assume it's released
-        child->last_state_ = false;
-        child->publish_state(false);
-        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Touch Pad '%s' state: OFF (timeout)", child->get_name().c_str());
-        pads_off++;
-      }
-    } else {
-      // Pad is already off
-      pads_off++;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Disable the loop to save CPU cycles when all pads are off and not in setup mode.
-  // The loop will be re-enabled by the ISR when any touch pad is touched.
-  // v1 hardware limitations require us to check all pads are off because:
-  // - v1 only generates interrupts on touch events (not releases)
-  // - We must poll for release timeouts in the main loop
-  // - We can only safely disable when no pads need timeout monitoring
-  this->check_and_disable_loop_if_all_released_(pads_off);
-}
-
-void ESP32TouchComponent::on_shutdown() {
-  touch_pad_intr_disable();
-  touch_pad_isr_deregister(touch_isr_handler, this);
-  this->cleanup_touch_queue_();
-
-  if (this->iir_filter_enabled_()) {
-    touch_pad_filter_stop();
-    touch_pad_filter_delete();
-  }
-
-  // Configure wakeup pads if any are set
-  this->configure_wakeup_pads_();
-}
-
-void IRAM_ATTR ESP32TouchComponent::touch_isr_handler(void *arg) {
-  ESP32TouchComponent *component = static_cast<ESP32TouchComponent *>(arg);
-
-  uint32_t mask = 0;
-  touch_ll_read_trigger_status_mask(&mask);
-  touch_ll_clear_trigger_status_mask();
-  touch_pad_clear_status();
-
-  // INTERRUPT BEHAVIOR: On ESP32 v1 hardware, the interrupt fires when ANY configured
-  // touch pad detects a touch (value goes below threshold). The hardware does NOT
-  // generate interrupts on release - only on touch events.
-  // The interrupt will continue to fire periodically (based on sleep_cycle) as long
-  // as any pad remains touched. This allows us to detect both new touches and
-  // continued touches, but releases must be detected by timeout in the main loop.
-
-  // Process all configured pads to check their current state
-  // Note: ESP32 v1 doesn't tell us which specific pad triggered the interrupt,
-  // so we must scan all configured pads to find which ones were touched
-  for (auto *child : component->children_) {
-    touch_pad_t pad = child->get_touch_pad();
-
-    // Read current value using ISR-safe API
-    // IMPORTANT: ESP-IDF v5.4 regression - touch_pad_read_filtered() is no longer ISR-safe
-    // In ESP-IDF v5.3 and earlier it was ISR-safe, but ESP-IDF v5.4 added mutex protection that causes:
-    // "assert failed: xQueueSemaphoreTake queue.c:1718"
-    // We must use raw values even when filter is enabled as a workaround.
-    // Users should adjust thresholds to compensate for the lack of IIR filtering.
-    // See: https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/issues/17045
-    uint32_t value = touch_ll_read_raw_data(pad);
-
-    // Skip pads that aren’t in the trigger mask
-    if (((mask >> pad) & 1) == 0) {
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    // IMPORTANT: ESP32 v1 touch detection logic - INVERTED compared to v2!
-    // ESP32 v1: Touch is detected when capacitance INCREASES, causing the measured value to DECREASE
-    // Therefore: touched = (value < threshold)
-    // This is opposite to ESP32-S2/S3 v2 where touched = (value > threshold)
-    bool is_touched = value < child->get_threshold();
-
-    // Always send the current state - the main loop will filter for changes
-    // We send both touched and untouched states because the ISR doesn't
-    // track previous state (to keep ISR fast and simple)
-    TouchPadEventV1 event;
-    event.pad = pad;
-    event.value = value;
-    event.is_touched = is_touched;
-
-    // Send to queue from ISR - non-blocking, drops if queue full
-    BaseType_t x_higher_priority_task_woken = pdFALSE;
-    xQueueSendFromISR(component->touch_queue_, &event, &x_higher_priority_task_woken);
-    component->enable_loop_soon_any_context();
-    if (x_higher_priority_task_woken) {
-      portYIELD_FROM_ISR();
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-}  // namespace esp32_touch
-}  // namespace esphome
-
-#endif  // USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_touch/esp32_touch_v2.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_touch/esp32_touch_v2.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index b34ca1abd3..0000000000
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_touch/esp32_touch_v2.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,402 +0,0 @@
-#if defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S2) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3)
-
-#include "esp32_touch.h"
-#include "esphome/core/application.h"
-#include "esphome/core/log.h"
-#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
-
-namespace esphome {
-namespace esp32_touch {
-
-static const char *const TAG = "esp32_touch";
-
-// Helper to update touch state with a known state and value
-void ESP32TouchComponent::update_touch_state_(ESP32TouchBinarySensor *child, bool is_touched, uint32_t value) {
-  // Store the value for get_value() access in lambdas
-  child->value_ = value;
-
-  // Always update timer when touched
-  if (is_touched) {
-    child->last_touch_time_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
-  }
-
-  if (child->last_state_ != is_touched) {
-    child->last_state_ = is_touched;
-    child->publish_state(is_touched);
-    if (is_touched) {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Touch Pad '%s' state: ON (value: %" PRIu32 " > threshold: %" PRIu32 ")", child->get_name().c_str(),
-               value, child->threshold_ + child->benchmark_);
-    } else {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Touch Pad '%s' state: OFF", child->get_name().c_str());
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-// Helper to read touch value and update state for a given child (used for timeout events)
-bool ESP32TouchComponent::check_and_update_touch_state_(ESP32TouchBinarySensor *child) {
-  // Read current touch value
-  uint32_t value = this->read_touch_value(child->touch_pad_);
-
-  // ESP32-S2/S3 v2: Touch is detected when value > threshold + benchmark
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG,
-           "Checking touch state for '%s' (T%d): value = %" PRIu32 ", threshold = %" PRIu32 ", benchmark = %" PRIu32,
-           child->get_name().c_str(), child->touch_pad_, value, child->threshold_, child->benchmark_);
-  bool is_touched = value > child->benchmark_ + child->threshold_;
-
-  this->update_touch_state_(child, is_touched, value);
-  return is_touched;
-}
-
-void ESP32TouchComponent::setup() {
-  // Create queue for touch events first
-  if (!this->create_touch_queue_()) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // Initialize touch pad peripheral
-  esp_err_t init_err = touch_pad_init();
-  if (init_err != ESP_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to initialize touch pad: %s", esp_err_to_name(init_err));
-    this->mark_failed();
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // Configure each touch pad first
-  for (auto *child : this->children_) {
-    esp_err_t config_err = touch_pad_config(child->touch_pad_);
-    if (config_err != ESP_OK) {
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to configure touch pad %d: %s", child->touch_pad_, esp_err_to_name(config_err));
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Set up filtering if configured
-  if (this->filter_configured_()) {
-    touch_filter_config_t filter_info = {
-        .mode = this->filter_mode_,
-        .debounce_cnt = this->debounce_count_,
-        .noise_thr = this->noise_threshold_,
-        .jitter_step = this->jitter_step_,
-        .smh_lvl = this->smooth_level_,
-    };
-    touch_pad_filter_set_config(&filter_info);
-    touch_pad_filter_enable();
-  }
-
-  if (this->denoise_configured_()) {
-    touch_pad_denoise_t denoise = {
-        .grade = this->grade_,
-        .cap_level = this->cap_level_,
-    };
-    touch_pad_denoise_set_config(&denoise);
-    touch_pad_denoise_enable();
-  }
-
-  if (this->waterproof_configured_()) {
-    touch_pad_waterproof_t waterproof = {
-        .guard_ring_pad = this->waterproof_guard_ring_pad_,
-        .shield_driver = this->waterproof_shield_driver_,
-    };
-    touch_pad_waterproof_set_config(&waterproof);
-    touch_pad_waterproof_enable();
-  }
-
-  // Configure measurement parameters
-  touch_pad_set_voltage(this->high_voltage_reference_, this->low_voltage_reference_, this->voltage_attenuation_);
-  touch_pad_set_charge_discharge_times(this->meas_cycle_);
-  touch_pad_set_measurement_interval(this->sleep_cycle_);
-
-  // Disable hardware timeout - it causes continuous interrupts with high-capacitance
-  // setups (e.g., pressure sensors under cushions). The periodic release check in
-  // loop() handles state detection reliably without needing hardware timeout.
-  touch_pad_timeout_set(false, TOUCH_PAD_THRESHOLD_MAX);
-
-  // Register ISR handler with interrupt mask
-  esp_err_t err =
-      touch_pad_isr_register(touch_isr_handler, this, static_cast<touch_pad_intr_mask_t>(TOUCH_PAD_INTR_MASK_ALL));
-  if (err != ESP_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to register touch ISR: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
-    this->cleanup_touch_queue_();
-    this->mark_failed();
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // Set thresholds for each pad BEFORE starting FSM
-  for (auto *child : this->children_) {
-    if (child->threshold_ != 0) {
-      touch_pad_set_thresh(child->touch_pad_, child->threshold_);
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Enable interrupts - only ACTIVE and TIMEOUT
-  // NOTE: We intentionally don't enable INACTIVE interrupts because they are unreliable
-  // on ESP32-S2/S3 hardware and sometimes don't fire. Instead, we use timeout-based
-  // release detection with the ability to verify the actual state.
-  touch_pad_intr_enable(static_cast<touch_pad_intr_mask_t>(TOUCH_PAD_INTR_MASK_ACTIVE | TOUCH_PAD_INTR_MASK_TIMEOUT));
-
-  // Set FSM mode before starting
-  touch_pad_set_fsm_mode(TOUCH_FSM_MODE_TIMER);
-
-  // Start FSM
-  touch_pad_fsm_start();
-
-  // Calculate release timeout based on sleep cycle
-  this->calculate_release_timeout_();
-}
-
-void ESP32TouchComponent::dump_config() {
-  this->dump_config_base_();
-
-  if (this->filter_configured_()) {
-    const char *filter_mode_s;
-    switch (this->filter_mode_) {
-      case TOUCH_PAD_FILTER_IIR_4:
-        filter_mode_s = "IIR_4";
-        break;
-      case TOUCH_PAD_FILTER_IIR_8:
-        filter_mode_s = "IIR_8";
-        break;
-      case TOUCH_PAD_FILTER_IIR_16:
-        filter_mode_s = "IIR_16";
-        break;
-      case TOUCH_PAD_FILTER_IIR_32:
-        filter_mode_s = "IIR_32";
-        break;
-      case TOUCH_PAD_FILTER_IIR_64:
-        filter_mode_s = "IIR_64";
-        break;
-      case TOUCH_PAD_FILTER_IIR_128:
-        filter_mode_s = "IIR_128";
-        break;
-      case TOUCH_PAD_FILTER_IIR_256:
-        filter_mode_s = "IIR_256";
-        break;
-      case TOUCH_PAD_FILTER_JITTER:
-        filter_mode_s = "JITTER";
-        break;
-      default:
-        filter_mode_s = "UNKNOWN";
-        break;
-    }
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
-                  "  Filter mode: %s\n"
-                  "  Debounce count: %" PRIu32 "\n"
-                  "  Noise threshold coefficient: %" PRIu32 "\n"
-                  "  Jitter filter step size: %" PRIu32,
-                  filter_mode_s, this->debounce_count_, this->noise_threshold_, this->jitter_step_);
-    const char *smooth_level_s;
-    switch (this->smooth_level_) {
-      case TOUCH_PAD_SMOOTH_OFF:
-        smooth_level_s = "OFF";
-        break;
-      case TOUCH_PAD_SMOOTH_IIR_2:
-        smooth_level_s = "IIR_2";
-        break;
-      case TOUCH_PAD_SMOOTH_IIR_4:
-        smooth_level_s = "IIR_4";
-        break;
-      case TOUCH_PAD_SMOOTH_IIR_8:
-        smooth_level_s = "IIR_8";
-        break;
-      default:
-        smooth_level_s = "UNKNOWN";
-        break;
-    }
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Smooth level: %s", smooth_level_s);
-  }
-
-  if (this->denoise_configured_()) {
-    const char *grade_s;
-    switch (this->grade_) {
-      case TOUCH_PAD_DENOISE_BIT12:
-        grade_s = "BIT12";
-        break;
-      case TOUCH_PAD_DENOISE_BIT10:
-        grade_s = "BIT10";
-        break;
-      case TOUCH_PAD_DENOISE_BIT8:
-        grade_s = "BIT8";
-        break;
-      case TOUCH_PAD_DENOISE_BIT4:
-        grade_s = "BIT4";
-        break;
-      default:
-        grade_s = "UNKNOWN";
-        break;
-    }
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Denoise grade: %s", grade_s);
-
-    const char *cap_level_s;
-    switch (this->cap_level_) {
-      case TOUCH_PAD_DENOISE_CAP_L0:
-        cap_level_s = "L0";
-        break;
-      case TOUCH_PAD_DENOISE_CAP_L1:
-        cap_level_s = "L1";
-        break;
-      case TOUCH_PAD_DENOISE_CAP_L2:
-        cap_level_s = "L2";
-        break;
-      case TOUCH_PAD_DENOISE_CAP_L3:
-        cap_level_s = "L3";
-        break;
-      case TOUCH_PAD_DENOISE_CAP_L4:
-        cap_level_s = "L4";
-        break;
-      case TOUCH_PAD_DENOISE_CAP_L5:
-        cap_level_s = "L5";
-        break;
-      case TOUCH_PAD_DENOISE_CAP_L6:
-        cap_level_s = "L6";
-        break;
-      case TOUCH_PAD_DENOISE_CAP_L7:
-        cap_level_s = "L7";
-        break;
-      default:
-        cap_level_s = "UNKNOWN";
-        break;
-    }
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Denoise capacitance level: %s", cap_level_s);
-  }
-
-  if (this->setup_mode_) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Setup Mode ENABLED");
-  }
-
-  this->dump_config_sensors_();
-}
-
-void ESP32TouchComponent::loop() {
-  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
-
-  // V2 TOUCH HANDLING:
-  // Due to unreliable INACTIVE interrupts on ESP32-S2/S3, we use a hybrid approach:
-  // 1. Process ACTIVE interrupts when pads are touched
-  // 2. Use timeout-based release detection (like v1)
-  // 3. But smarter than v1: verify actual state before releasing on timeout
-  //    This prevents false releases if we missed interrupts
-
-  // In setup mode, periodically log all pad values
-  this->process_setup_mode_logging_(now);
-
-  // Process any queued touch events from interrupts
-  TouchPadEventV2 event;
-  while (xQueueReceive(this->touch_queue_, &event, 0) == pdTRUE) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Event received, mask = 0x%" PRIx32 ", pad = %d", event.intr_mask, event.pad);
-    // Handle timeout events
-    if (event.intr_mask & TOUCH_PAD_INTR_MASK_TIMEOUT) {
-      // Resume measurement after timeout
-      touch_pad_timeout_resume();
-      // For timeout events, always check the current state
-    } else if (!(event.intr_mask & TOUCH_PAD_INTR_MASK_ACTIVE)) {
-      // Skip if not an active/timeout event
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    // Find the child for the pad that triggered the interrupt
-    for (auto *child : this->children_) {
-      if (child->touch_pad_ == event.pad) {
-        if (event.intr_mask & TOUCH_PAD_INTR_MASK_TIMEOUT) {
-          // For timeout events, we need to read the value to determine state
-          this->check_and_update_touch_state_(child);
-        } else if (event.intr_mask & TOUCH_PAD_INTR_MASK_ACTIVE) {
-          // We only get ACTIVE interrupts now, releases are detected by timeout
-          // Read the current value
-          uint32_t value = this->read_touch_value(child->touch_pad_);
-          this->update_touch_state_(child, true, value);  // Always touched for ACTIVE interrupts
-        }
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Check for released pads periodically (like v1)
-  if (!this->should_check_for_releases_(now)) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  size_t pads_off = 0;
-  for (auto *child : this->children_) {
-    child->ensure_benchmark_read();
-    // Handle initial state publication after startup
-    this->publish_initial_state_if_needed_(child, now);
-
-    if (child->last_state_) {
-      // Pad is currently in touched state - check for release timeout
-      // Using subtraction handles 32-bit rollover correctly
-      uint32_t time_diff = now - child->last_touch_time_;
-
-      // Check if we haven't seen this pad recently
-      if (time_diff > this->release_timeout_ms_) {
-        // Haven't seen this pad recently - verify actual state
-        // Unlike v1, v2 hardware allows us to read the current state anytime
-        // This makes v2 smarter: we can verify if it's actually released before
-        // declaring a timeout, preventing false releases if interrupts were missed
-        bool still_touched = this->check_and_update_touch_state_(child);
-
-        if (still_touched) {
-          // Still touched! Timer was reset in update_touch_state_
-          ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Touch Pad '%s' still touched after %" PRIu32 "ms timeout, resetting timer",
-                    child->get_name().c_str(), this->release_timeout_ms_);
-        } else {
-          // Actually released - already handled by check_and_update_touch_state_
-          pads_off++;
-        }
-      }
-    } else {
-      // Pad is already off
-      pads_off++;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Disable the loop when all pads are off and not in setup mode (like v1)
-  // We need to keep checking for timeouts, so only disable when all pads are confirmed off
-  this->check_and_disable_loop_if_all_released_(pads_off);
-}
-
-void ESP32TouchComponent::on_shutdown() {
-  // Disable interrupts
-  touch_pad_intr_disable(TOUCH_PAD_INTR_MASK_ACTIVE);
-  touch_pad_isr_deregister(touch_isr_handler, this);
-  this->cleanup_touch_queue_();
-
-  // Configure wakeup pads if any are set
-  this->configure_wakeup_pads_();
-}
-
-void IRAM_ATTR ESP32TouchComponent::touch_isr_handler(void *arg) {
-  ESP32TouchComponent *component = static_cast<ESP32TouchComponent *>(arg);
-  BaseType_t x_higher_priority_task_woken = pdFALSE;
-
-  // Read interrupt status
-  TouchPadEventV2 event;
-  event.intr_mask = touch_pad_read_intr_status_mask();
-  event.pad = touch_pad_get_current_meas_channel();
-
-  // Send event to queue for processing in main loop
-  xQueueSendFromISR(component->touch_queue_, &event, &x_higher_priority_task_woken);
-  component->enable_loop_soon_any_context();
-
-  if (x_higher_priority_task_woken) {
-    portYIELD_FROM_ISR();
-  }
-}
-
-uint32_t ESP32TouchComponent::read_touch_value(touch_pad_t pad) const {
-  // Unlike ESP32 v1, touch reads on ESP32-S2/S3 v2 are non-blocking operations.
-  // The hardware continuously samples in the background and we can read the
-  // latest value at any time without waiting.
-  uint32_t value = 0;
-  if (this->filter_configured_()) {
-    // Read filtered/smoothed value when filter is enabled
-    touch_pad_filter_read_smooth(pad, &value);
-  } else {
-    // Read raw value when filter is not configured
-    touch_pad_read_raw_data(pad, &value);
-  }
-  return value;
-}
-
-}  // namespace esp32_touch
-}  // namespace esphome
-
-#endif  // USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3
diff --git a/tests/components/esp32_touch/common-variants.yaml b/tests/components/esp32_touch/common-variants.yaml
index 69a3dbd969..5d6d0bbd19 100644
--- a/tests/components/esp32_touch/common-variants.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/esp32_touch/common-variants.yaml
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ esp32_touch:
   measurement_duration: 8ms
   low_voltage_reference: 0.5V
   high_voltage_reference: 2.7V
-  voltage_attenuation: 1.5V
 
 binary_sensor:
   - platform: esp32_touch
diff --git a/tests/components/esp32_touch/test.esp32-p4-idf.yaml b/tests/components/esp32_touch/test.esp32-p4-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ab5484af44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/esp32_touch/test.esp32-p4-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+substitutions:
+  pin: GPIO5
+
+<<: !include common-variants.yaml
+<<: !include common-get-value.yaml

From 07406c96e136b61a4521ba86c00325b96f65fc66 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 26 Feb 2026 21:35:15 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 241/609] Bump actions/upload-artifact from 6.0.0 to 7.0.0
 (#14326)

Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .github/workflows/ci-api-proto.yml | 2 +-
 .github/workflows/ci.yml           | 4 ++--
 .github/workflows/release.yml      | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci-api-proto.yml b/.github/workflows/ci-api-proto.yml
index 0328611f5c..6d200956e9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci-api-proto.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci-api-proto.yml
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ jobs:
         run: git diff
       - if: failure()
         name: Archive artifacts
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
         with:
           name: generated-proto-files
           path: |
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 8718772f53..c2a93d37fd 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -822,7 +822,7 @@ jobs:
           fi
 
       - name: Upload memory analysis JSON
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
         with:
           name: memory-analysis-target
           path: memory-analysis-target.json
@@ -886,7 +886,7 @@ jobs:
             --platform "$platform"
 
       - name: Upload memory analysis JSON
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
         with:
           name: memory-analysis-pr
           path: memory-analysis-pr.json
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release.yml b/.github/workflows/release.yml
index 479b01ee37..0cca4dcaf6 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ jobs:
       #     version: ${{ needs.init.outputs.tag }}
 
       - name: Upload digests
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7.0.0
         with:
           name: digests-${{ matrix.platform.arch }}
           path: /tmp/digests

From bd3f8e006c40dfc5e64dc37f3f90e9bc2c4ec5ac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: whitty <greg.whiteley@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 28 Feb 2026 03:02:29 +1100
Subject: [PATCH 242/609] [esp32_ble] allow setting of min/max key_size and
 auth_req_mode (#7138)

Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@koston.org>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@home-assistant.io>
---
 esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py      | 52 +++++++++++++
 esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp          | 74 ++++++++++++++++++-
 esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h            | 26 +++++++
 esphome/core/defines.h                        |  1 +
 ...nded-auth-req-params-single.esp32-idf.yaml |  6 ++
 ...st-extended-auth-req-params.esp32-idf.yaml |  5 ++
 6 files changed, 162 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/components/esp32_ble/test-extended-auth-req-params-single.esp32-idf.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/components/esp32_ble/test-extended-auth-req-params.esp32-idf.yaml

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py
index c0e2f78bde..8b368afc2e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, TimePeriod, coroutine_with_priority
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz", "@Rapsssito", "@bdraco"]
@@ -188,6 +189,9 @@ def register_bt_logger(*loggers: BTLoggers) -> None:
 
 CONF_BLE_ID = "ble_id"
 CONF_IO_CAPABILITY = "io_capability"
+CONF_AUTH_REQ_MODE = "auth_req_mode"
+CONF_MAX_KEY_SIZE = "max_key_size"
+CONF_MIN_KEY_SIZE = "min_key_size"
 CONF_ADVERTISING = "advertising"
 CONF_ADVERTISING_CYCLE_TIME = "advertising_cycle_time"
 CONF_DISABLE_BT_LOGS = "disable_bt_logs"
@@ -238,6 +242,18 @@ IO_CAPABILITY = {
     "display_yes_no": IoCapability.IO_CAP_IO,
 }
 
+AuthReqMode = esp32_ble_ns.enum("AuthReqMode")
+AUTH_REQ_MODE = {
+    "no_bond": AuthReqMode.AUTH_REQ_NO_BOND,
+    "bond": AuthReqMode.AUTH_REQ_BOND,
+    "mitm": AuthReqMode.AUTH_REQ_MITM,
+    "bond_mitm": AuthReqMode.AUTH_REQ_BOND_MITM,
+    "sc_only": AuthReqMode.AUTH_REQ_SC_ONLY,
+    "sc_bond": AuthReqMode.AUTH_REQ_SC_BOND,
+    "sc_mitm": AuthReqMode.AUTH_REQ_SC_MITM,
+    "sc_mitm_bond": AuthReqMode.AUTH_REQ_SC_MITM_BOND,
+}
+
 esp_power_level_t = cg.global_ns.enum("esp_power_level_t")
 
 TX_POWER_LEVELS = {
@@ -258,6 +274,10 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
         cv.Optional(CONF_IO_CAPABILITY, default="none"): cv.enum(
             IO_CAPABILITY, lower=True
         ),
+        # note: no defaults so we can action them not being present
+        cv.Optional(CONF_AUTH_REQ_MODE): cv.enum(AUTH_REQ_MODE, lower=True),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_MAX_KEY_SIZE): cv.int_range(min=7, max=16),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_MIN_KEY_SIZE): cv.int_range(min=7, max=16),
         cv.Optional(CONF_ENABLE_ON_BOOT, default=True): cv.boolean,
         cv.Optional(CONF_ADVERTISING, default=False): cv.boolean,
         cv.Optional(
@@ -279,6 +299,23 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
+def _validate_key_sizes(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    if (
+        CONF_MIN_KEY_SIZE in config
+        and CONF_MAX_KEY_SIZE in config
+        and config[CONF_MIN_KEY_SIZE] > config[CONF_MAX_KEY_SIZE]
+    ):
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"min_key_size ({config[CONF_MIN_KEY_SIZE]}) must be "
+            f"less than or equal to "
+            f"max_key_size ({config[CONF_MAX_KEY_SIZE]})"
+        )
+    return config
+
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(CONFIG_SCHEMA, _validate_key_sizes)
+
+
 bt_uuid16_format = "XXXX"
 bt_uuid32_format = "XXXXXXXX"
 bt_uuid128_format = "XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX"
@@ -487,6 +524,21 @@ async def to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_enable_on_boot(config[CONF_ENABLE_ON_BOOT]))
     cg.add(var.set_io_capability(config[CONF_IO_CAPABILITY]))
+
+    if (
+        CONF_AUTH_REQ_MODE in config
+        or CONF_MAX_KEY_SIZE in config
+        or CONF_MIN_KEY_SIZE in config
+    ):
+        cg.add_define("ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_EXTENDED_AUTH_PARAMS", None)
+
+    if CONF_AUTH_REQ_MODE in config:
+        cg.add(var.set_auth_req(config[CONF_AUTH_REQ_MODE]))
+    if CONF_MAX_KEY_SIZE in config:
+        cg.add(var.set_max_key_size(config[CONF_MAX_KEY_SIZE]))
+    if CONF_MIN_KEY_SIZE in config:
+        cg.add(var.set_min_key_size(config[CONF_MIN_KEY_SIZE]))
+
     cg.add(var.set_advertising_cycle_time(config[CONF_ADVERTISING_CYCLE_TIME]))
     if (name := config.get(CONF_NAME)) is not None:
         cg.add(var.set_name(name))
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp
index acbe9d88fc..9d26018800 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp
@@ -296,12 +296,39 @@ bool ESP32BLE::ble_setup_() {
     return false;
   }
 
-  err = esp_ble_gap_set_security_param(ESP_BLE_SM_IOCAP_MODE, &(this->io_cap_), sizeof(uint8_t));
+  err = esp_ble_gap_set_security_param(ESP_BLE_SM_IOCAP_MODE, &(this->io_cap_), sizeof(esp_ble_io_cap_t));
   if (err != ESP_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "esp_ble_gap_set_security_param failed: %d", err);
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "esp_ble_gap_set_security_param iocap_mode failed: %d", err);
     return false;
   }
 
+#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_EXTENDED_AUTH_PARAMS
+  if (this->max_key_size_) {
+    err = esp_ble_gap_set_security_param(ESP_BLE_SM_MAX_KEY_SIZE, &(this->max_key_size_), sizeof(uint8_t));
+    if (err != ESP_OK) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "esp_ble_gap_set_security_param max_key_size failed: %d", err);
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (this->min_key_size_) {
+    err = esp_ble_gap_set_security_param(ESP_BLE_SM_MIN_KEY_SIZE, &(this->min_key_size_), sizeof(uint8_t));
+    if (err != ESP_OK) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "esp_ble_gap_set_security_param min_key_size failed: %d", err);
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (this->auth_req_mode_) {
+    err = esp_ble_gap_set_security_param(ESP_BLE_SM_AUTHEN_REQ_MODE, &(this->auth_req_mode_.value()),
+                                         sizeof(esp_ble_auth_req_t));
+    if (err != ESP_OK) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "esp_ble_gap_set_security_param authen_req_mode failed: %d", err);
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+#endif  // ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_EXTENDED_AUTH_PARAMS
+
   // BLE takes some time to be fully set up, 200ms should be more than enough
   delay(200);  // NOLINT
 
@@ -645,6 +672,7 @@ void ESP32BLE::dump_config() {
         io_capability_s = "invalid";
         break;
     }
+
     char mac_s[18];
     format_mac_addr_upper(mac_address, mac_s);
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
@@ -652,6 +680,48 @@ void ESP32BLE::dump_config() {
                   "  MAC address: %s\n"
                   "  IO Capability: %s",
                   mac_s, io_capability_s);
+
+#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_EXTENDED_AUTH_PARAMS
+    const char *auth_req_mode_s = "<default>";
+    if (this->auth_req_mode_) {
+      switch (this->auth_req_mode_.value()) {
+        case AUTH_REQ_NO_BOND:
+          auth_req_mode_s = "no_bond";
+          break;
+        case AUTH_REQ_BOND:
+          auth_req_mode_s = "bond";
+          break;
+        case AUTH_REQ_MITM:
+          auth_req_mode_s = "mitm";
+          break;
+        case AUTH_REQ_BOND_MITM:
+          auth_req_mode_s = "bond_mitm";
+          break;
+        case AUTH_REQ_SC_ONLY:
+          auth_req_mode_s = "sc_only";
+          break;
+        case AUTH_REQ_SC_BOND:
+          auth_req_mode_s = "sc_bond";
+          break;
+        case AUTH_REQ_SC_MITM:
+          auth_req_mode_s = "sc_mitm";
+          break;
+        case AUTH_REQ_SC_MITM_BOND:
+          auth_req_mode_s = "sc_mitm_bond";
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Auth Req Mode: %s", auth_req_mode_s);
+    if (this->max_key_size_ && this->min_key_size_) {
+      ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Key Size: %u - %u", this->min_key_size_, this->max_key_size_);
+    } else if (this->max_key_size_) {
+      ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Key Size: <default> - %u", this->max_key_size_);
+    } else if (this->min_key_size_) {
+      ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Key Size: %u - <default>", this->min_key_size_);
+    }
+#endif  // ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_EXTENDED_AUTH_PARAMS
+
   } else {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Bluetooth stack is not enabled");
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h
index f1ab81b6dc..2ce17e97be 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h
@@ -52,6 +52,19 @@ enum IoCapability {
   IO_CAP_KBDISP = ESP_IO_CAP_KBDISP,
 };
 
+#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_EXTENDED_AUTH_PARAMS
+enum AuthReqMode {
+  AUTH_REQ_NO_BOND = ESP_LE_AUTH_NO_BOND,
+  AUTH_REQ_BOND = ESP_LE_AUTH_BOND,
+  AUTH_REQ_MITM = ESP_LE_AUTH_REQ_MITM,
+  AUTH_REQ_BOND_MITM = ESP_LE_AUTH_REQ_BOND_MITM,
+  AUTH_REQ_SC_ONLY = ESP_LE_AUTH_REQ_SC_ONLY,
+  AUTH_REQ_SC_BOND = ESP_LE_AUTH_REQ_SC_BOND,
+  AUTH_REQ_SC_MITM = ESP_LE_AUTH_REQ_SC_MITM,
+  AUTH_REQ_SC_MITM_BOND = ESP_LE_AUTH_REQ_SC_MITM_BOND,
+};
+#endif
+
 enum BLEComponentState : uint8_t {
   /** Nothing has been initialized yet. */
   BLE_COMPONENT_STATE_OFF = 0,
@@ -100,6 +113,12 @@ class ESP32BLE : public Component {
  public:
   void set_io_capability(IoCapability io_capability) { this->io_cap_ = (esp_ble_io_cap_t) io_capability; }
 
+#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_EXTENDED_AUTH_PARAMS
+  void set_max_key_size(uint8_t key_size) { this->max_key_size_ = key_size; }
+  void set_min_key_size(uint8_t key_size) { this->min_key_size_ = key_size; }
+  void set_auth_req(AuthReqMode req) { this->auth_req_mode_ = (esp_ble_auth_req_t) req; }
+#endif
+
   void set_advertising_cycle_time(uint32_t advertising_cycle_time) {
     this->advertising_cycle_time_ = advertising_cycle_time;
   }
@@ -209,6 +228,13 @@ class ESP32BLE : public Component {
   // 1-byte aligned members (grouped together to minimize padding)
   BLEComponentState state_{BLE_COMPONENT_STATE_OFF};  // 1 byte (uint8_t enum)
   bool enable_on_boot_{};                             // 1 byte
+
+#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_EXTENDED_AUTH_PARAMS
+  optional<esp_ble_auth_req_t> auth_req_mode_;
+
+  uint8_t max_key_size_{0};  // range is 7..16, 0 is unset
+  uint8_t min_key_size_{0};  // range is 7..16, 0 is unset
+#endif
 };
 
 // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
diff --git a/esphome/core/defines.h b/esphome/core/defines.h
index 673aa246fe..9b55ae93b1 100644
--- a/esphome/core/defines.h
+++ b/esphome/core/defines.h
@@ -209,6 +209,7 @@
 #define ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_GATTC_EVENT_HANDLER_COUNT 1
 #define ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_GATTS_EVENT_HANDLER_COUNT 1
 #define ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_BLE_STATUS_EVENT_HANDLER_COUNT 2
+#define ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_EXTENDED_AUTH_PARAMS
 #define ESPHOME_LOOP_TASK_STACK_SIZE 8192
 #define USE_ESP32_CAMERA_JPEG_ENCODER
 #define USE_HTTP_REQUEST_RESPONSE
diff --git a/tests/components/esp32_ble/test-extended-auth-req-params-single.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/esp32_ble/test-extended-auth-req-params-single.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6e191c132f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/esp32_ble/test-extended-auth-req-params-single.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+esp32_ble:
+  io_capability: keyboard_display
+  # Explicitly not setting some parameters to test ifdef selection
+  # max_key_size: 16
+  # min_key_size: 7
+  auth_req_mode: sc_mitm_bond
diff --git a/tests/components/esp32_ble/test-extended-auth-req-params.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/esp32_ble/test-extended-auth-req-params.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f05b9bac96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/esp32_ble/test-extended-auth-req-params.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+esp32_ble:
+  io_capability: keyboard_display
+  max_key_size: 16
+  min_key_size: 7
+  auth_req_mode: sc_mitm_bond

From 0f7ac1726d9fea8cdb7ff481fbfcaa8b4b49620e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 27 Feb 2026 09:03:37 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 243/609] [core] Extend fast select optimization to LibreTiny
 platforms (#14254)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/socket/__init__.py         | 11 ++--
 esphome/core/application.cpp                  | 43 ++++++++-------
 esphome/core/application.h                    | 27 +++++-----
 esphome/core/defines.h                        |  2 +
 esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.c               | 54 +++++++++++--------
 esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h               |  2 +-
 .../socket/test_wake_loop_threadsafe.py       | 23 +++++---
 7 files changed, 100 insertions(+), 62 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/__init__.py b/esphome/components/socket/__init__.py
index 5f4d04eb44..a83648979c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/__init__.py
@@ -149,9 +149,10 @@ def require_wake_loop_threadsafe() -> None:
     ):
         CORE.data[KEY_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE_REQUIRED] = True
         cg.add_define("USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE")
-        if not CORE.is_esp32:
-            # Only non-ESP32 platforms need a UDP socket for wake notifications.
-            # ESP32 uses FreeRTOS task notifications instead (no socket needed).
+        if not CORE.is_esp32 and not CORE.is_libretiny:
+            # Only platforms without fast select need a UDP socket for wake
+            # notifications. ESP32 and LibreTiny use FreeRTOS task notifications
+            # instead (no socket needed).
             consume_sockets(1, "socket.wake_loop_threadsafe", SocketType.UDP)({})
 
 
@@ -187,6 +188,10 @@ async def to_code(config):
     elif impl == IMPLEMENTATION_BSD_SOCKETS:
         cg.add_define("USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS")
         cg.add_define("USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT")
+    # ESP32 and LibreTiny both have LwIP >= 2.1.3 with lwip_socket_dbg_get_socket()
+    # and FreeRTOS task notifications — enable fast select to bypass lwip_select()
+    if CORE.is_esp32 or CORE.is_libretiny:
+        cg.add_define("USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT")
 
 
 def FILTER_SOURCE_FILES() -> list[str]:
diff --git a/esphome/core/application.cpp b/esphome/core/application.cpp
index a9753da1b5..3bd4c1c670 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/application.cpp
@@ -9,10 +9,17 @@
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 #include <esp_chip_info.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
 #include "esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h"
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
 #include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
 #include <freertos/task.h>
+#else
+#include <FreeRTOS.h>
+#include <task.h>
 #endif
+#endif  // USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
 #include "esphome/core/version.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include <algorithm>
@@ -147,14 +154,14 @@ void Application::setup() {
   clear_setup_priority_overrides();
 #endif
 
-#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_ESP32)
+#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT)
   // Initialize fast select: saves main loop task handle for xTaskNotifyGive wake.
-  // Always init on ESP32 — the fast path (rcvevent reads + ulTaskNotifyTake) is used
-  // unconditionally when USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT is enabled.
+  // The fast path (rcvevent reads + ulTaskNotifyTake) is used unconditionally
+  // when USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT is enabled (ESP32 and LibreTiny).
   esphome_lwip_fast_select_init();
 #endif
-#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE) && !defined(USE_ESP32)
-  // Set up wake socket for waking main loop from tasks (non-ESP32 only)
+#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE) && !defined(USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT)
+  // Set up wake socket for waking main loop from tasks (platforms without fast select only)
   this->setup_wake_loop_threadsafe_();
 #endif
 
@@ -532,7 +539,7 @@ void Application::enable_pending_loops_() {
 }
 
 void Application::before_loop_tasks_(uint32_t loop_start_time) {
-#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE) && !defined(USE_ESP32)
+#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE) && !defined(USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT)
   // Drain wake notifications first to clear socket for next wake
   this->drain_wake_notifications_();
 #endif
@@ -585,7 +592,7 @@ bool Application::register_socket_fd(int fd) {
 #endif
 
   this->socket_fds_.push_back(fd);
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
   // Hook the socket's netconn callback for instant wake on receive events
   esphome_lwip_hook_socket(fd);
 #else
@@ -609,12 +616,13 @@ void Application::unregister_socket_fd(int fd) {
       continue;
 
     // Swap with last element and pop - O(1) removal since order doesn't matter.
-    // No need to unhook the netconn callback on ESP32 — all LwIP sockets share
-    // the same static event_callback, and the socket will be closed by the caller.
+    // No need to unhook the netconn callback on fast select platforms — all LwIP
+    // sockets share the same static event_callback, and the socket will be closed
+    // by the caller.
     if (i < this->socket_fds_.size() - 1)
       this->socket_fds_[i] = this->socket_fds_.back();
     this->socket_fds_.pop_back();
-#ifndef USE_ESP32
+#ifndef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
     this->socket_fds_changed_ = true;
     // Only recalculate max_fd if we removed the current max
     if (fd == this->max_fd_) {
@@ -633,8 +641,8 @@ void Application::unregister_socket_fd(int fd) {
 
 void Application::yield_with_select_(uint32_t delay_ms) {
   // Delay while monitoring sockets. When delay_ms is 0, always yield() to ensure other tasks run.
-#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_ESP32)
-  // ESP32 fast path: reads rcvevent directly via lwip_socket_dbg_get_socket() (~215 ns per socket).
+#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT)
+  // Fast path (ESP32/LibreTiny): reads rcvevent directly via lwip_socket_dbg_get_socket().
   // Safe because this runs on the main loop which owns socket lifetime (create, read, close).
   if (delay_ms == 0) [[unlikely]] {
     yield();
@@ -659,9 +667,8 @@ void Application::yield_with_select_(uint32_t delay_ms) {
   ulTaskNotifyTake(pdTRUE, pdMS_TO_TICKS(delay_ms));
 
 #elif defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT)
-  // Non-ESP32 select() path (LibreTiny bk72xx/rtl87xx, host platform).
-  // ESP32 is excluded by the #if above — both BSD_SOCKETS and LWIP_SOCKETS on ESP32
-  // use LwIP under the hood, so the fast path handles all ESP32 socket implementations.
+  // Fallback select() path (host platform and any future platforms without fast select).
+  // ESP32 and LibreTiny are excluded by the #if above — they use the fast path.
   if (!this->socket_fds_.empty()) [[likely]] {
     // Update fd_set if socket list has changed
     if (this->socket_fds_changed_) [[unlikely]] {
@@ -725,12 +732,12 @@ alignas(Application) char app_storage[sizeof(Application)] asm("_ZN7esphome3AppE
 
 #if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE)
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
 void Application::wake_loop_threadsafe() {
   // Direct FreeRTOS task notification — <1 us, task context only (NOT ISR-safe)
   esphome_lwip_wake_main_loop();
 }
-#else   // !USE_ESP32
+#else   // !USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
 
 void Application::setup_wake_loop_threadsafe_() {
   // Create UDP socket for wake notifications
@@ -798,7 +805,7 @@ void Application::wake_loop_threadsafe() {
     lwip_send(this->wake_socket_fd_, &dummy, 1, 0);
   }
 }
-#endif  // USE_ESP32
+#endif  // USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
 
 #endif  // defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE)
 
diff --git a/esphome/core/application.h b/esphome/core/application.h
index f5df5e7bdf..0cc29af8e7 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.h
+++ b/esphome/core/application.h
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
 #include "esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h"
 #else
 #include <sys/select.h>
@@ -511,10 +511,11 @@ class Application {
 
 #ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
   /// Fast path for Socket::ready() via friendship - skips negative fd check.
-  /// Main loop only — on ESP32, reads rcvevent via lwip_socket_dbg_get_socket()
-  /// which has no refcount; safe only because the main loop owns socket lifetime
-  /// (creates, reads, and closes sockets on the same thread).
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+  /// Main loop only — with USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT, reads rcvevent via
+  /// lwip_socket_dbg_get_socket(), which has no refcount; safe only because
+  /// the main loop owns socket lifetime (creates, reads, and closes sockets
+  /// on the same thread).
+#ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
   bool is_socket_ready_(int fd) const { return esphome_lwip_socket_has_data(fd); }
 #else
   bool is_socket_ready_(int fd) const { return FD_ISSET(fd, &this->read_fds_); }
@@ -546,7 +547,7 @@ class Application {
   /// Perform a delay while also monitoring socket file descriptors for readiness
   void yield_with_select_(uint32_t delay_ms);
 
-#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE) && !defined(USE_ESP32)
+#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE) && !defined(USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT)
   void setup_wake_loop_threadsafe_();       // Create wake notification socket
   inline void drain_wake_notifications_();  // Read pending wake notifications in main loop (hot path - inlined)
 #endif
@@ -576,7 +577,7 @@ class Application {
   FixedVector<Component *> looping_components_{};
 #ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
   std::vector<int> socket_fds_;  // Vector of all monitored socket file descriptors
-#if defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE) && !defined(USE_ESP32)
+#if defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE) && !defined(USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT)
   int wake_socket_fd_{-1};  // Shared wake notification socket for waking main loop from tasks
 #endif
 #endif
@@ -589,7 +590,7 @@ class Application {
   uint32_t last_loop_{0};
   uint32_t loop_component_start_time_{0};
 
-#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && !defined(USE_ESP32)
+#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && !defined(USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT)
   int max_fd_{-1};  // Highest file descriptor number for select()
 #endif
 
@@ -605,12 +606,12 @@ class Application {
   bool in_loop_{false};
   volatile bool has_pending_enable_loop_requests_{false};
 
-#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && !defined(USE_ESP32)
+#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && !defined(USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT)
   bool socket_fds_changed_{false};  // Flag to rebuild base_read_fds_ when socket_fds_ changes
 #endif
 
-#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && !defined(USE_ESP32)
-  // Variable-sized members (not needed on ESP32 — is_socket_ready_ reads rcvevent directly)
+#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && !defined(USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT)
+  // Variable-sized members (not needed with fast select — is_socket_ready_ reads rcvevent directly)
   fd_set read_fds_{};       // Working fd_set: populated by select()
   fd_set base_read_fds_{};  // Cached fd_set rebuilt only when socket_fds_ changes
 #endif
@@ -699,7 +700,7 @@ class Application {
 /// Global storage of Application pointer - only one Application can exist.
 extern Application App;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
-#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE) && !defined(USE_ESP32)
+#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE) && !defined(USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT)
 // Inline implementations for hot-path functions
 // drain_wake_notifications_() is called on every loop iteration
 
@@ -721,6 +722,6 @@ inline void Application::drain_wake_notifications_() {
     }
   }
 }
-#endif  // defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE) && !defined(USE_ESP32)
+#endif  // defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE) && !defined(USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT)
 
 }  // namespace esphome
diff --git a/esphome/core/defines.h b/esphome/core/defines.h
index 9b55ae93b1..5c982c94b1 100644
--- a/esphome/core/defines.h
+++ b/esphome/core/defines.h
@@ -222,6 +222,7 @@
 #define USE_SENDSPIN_PORT 8928  // NOLINT
 #define USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS
 #define USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
+#define USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
 #define USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE
 #define USE_SPEAKER
 #define USE_SPI
@@ -330,6 +331,7 @@
 #define USE_CAPTIVE_PORTAL
 #define USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS
 #define USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
+#define USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
 #define USE_WEBSERVER
 #define USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH
 #define USE_WEBSERVER_PORT 80  // NOLINT
diff --git a/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.c b/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.c
index 70a6482d48..88cf23b67e 100644
--- a/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.c
+++ b/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.c
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
-// Fast socket monitoring for ESP32 (ESP-IDF LwIP)
+// Fast socket monitoring for ESP32 and LibreTiny (LwIP >= 2.1.3)
 // Replaces lwip_select() with direct rcvevent reads and FreeRTOS task notifications.
 //
 // This must be a .c file (not .cpp) because:
-// 1. lwip/priv/sockets_priv.h conflicts with C++ compilation units that include bootloader headers
+// 1. lwip/priv/sockets_priv.h conflicts with C++ compilation units
 // 2. The netconn callback is a C function pointer
 //
-// defines.h is force-included by the build system (-include flag), providing USE_ESP32 etc.
+// USE_ESP32 and USE_LIBRETINY platform flags (-D) control compilation of this file.
+// See the guard at the bottom of the header comment for details.
 //
 // Thread safety analysis
 // ======================
@@ -81,20 +82,21 @@
 //     Written by main loop in hook_socket(). Never restored — all LwIP sockets share
 //     the same static event_callback (DEFAULT_SOCKET_EVENTCB), so the wrapper stays permanently.
 //     Read by TCP/IP thread when invoking the callback.
-//     Safe: 32-bit aligned pointer writes are atomic on Xtensa and RISC-V (ESP32).
-//     The TCP/IP thread will see either the old or new pointer atomically — never a
-//     torn value. Both the wrapper and original callbacks are valid at all times
-//     (the wrapper itself calls the original), so either value is correct.
+//     Safe: 32-bit aligned pointer writes are atomic on Xtensa, RISC-V (ESP32),
+//     and ARM Cortex-M (LibreTiny). The TCP/IP thread will see either the old or
+//     new pointer atomically — never a torn value. Both the wrapper and original
+//     callbacks are valid at all times (the wrapper itself calls the original),
+//     so either value is correct.
 //
 //   sock->rcvevent (s16_t, 2 bytes):
 //     Written by TCP/IP thread in event_callback under SYS_ARCH_PROTECT.
 //     Read by main loop in has_data() via volatile cast.
-//     Safe: SYS_ARCH_UNPROTECT releases a FreeRTOS mutex, which internally
-//     uses a critical section with memory barrier (rsync on dual-core Xtensa; on
-//     single-core builds the spinlock is compiled out, but cross-core visibility is
-//     not an issue). The volatile cast prevents the compiler
-//     from caching the read. Aligned 16-bit reads are single-instruction loads on
-//     Xtensa (L16SI) and RISC-V (LH), which cannot produce torn values.
+//     Safe: SYS_ARCH_UNPROTECT releases a FreeRTOS mutex (ESP32) or resumes the
+//     scheduler (LibreTiny), both providing a memory barrier. The volatile cast
+//     prevents the compiler from caching the read. Aligned 16-bit reads are
+//     single-instruction loads on Xtensa (L16SI), RISC-V (LH), and ARM Cortex-M
+//     (LDRH), which cannot produce torn values. On single-core chips (LibreTiny,
+//     ESP32-C3/C6/H2) cross-core visibility is not an issue.
 //
 //   FreeRTOS task notification value:
 //     Written by TCP/IP thread (xTaskNotifyGive in callback) and background tasks
@@ -103,20 +105,30 @@
 //     critical sections). Multiple concurrent xTaskNotifyGive calls are safe —
 //     the notification count simply increments.
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+// USE_ESP32 and USE_LIBRETINY are compiler -D flags, so they are always visible in this .c file.
+// Feature macros like USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT may come from generated headers that are not included here,
+// so this implementation is enabled based on platform flags instead of USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT.
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
 
 // LwIP headers must come first — they define netconn_callback, struct lwip_sock, etc.
 #include <lwip/api.h>
 #include <lwip/priv/sockets_priv.h>
+// FreeRTOS include paths differ: ESP-IDF uses freertos/ prefix, LibreTiny does not
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
 #include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
 #include <freertos/task.h>
+#else
+#include <FreeRTOS.h>
+#include <task.h>
+#endif
 
 #include "esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h"
 
 #include <stddef.h>
 
 // Compile-time verification of thread safety assumptions.
-// On ESP32 (Xtensa/RISC-V), naturally-aligned reads/writes up to 32 bits are atomic.
+// On ESP32 (Xtensa/RISC-V) and LibreTiny (ARM Cortex-M), naturally-aligned
+// reads/writes up to 32 bits are atomic.
 // These asserts ensure our cross-thread shared state meets those requirements.
 
 // Pointer types must fit in a single 32-bit store (atomic write)
@@ -126,7 +138,7 @@ _Static_assert(sizeof(netconn_callback) <= 4, "netconn_callback must be <= 4 byt
 // rcvevent must fit in a single atomic read
 _Static_assert(sizeof(((struct lwip_sock *) 0)->rcvevent) <= 4, "rcvevent must be <= 4 bytes for atomic access");
 
-// Struct member alignment — natural alignment guarantees atomicity on Xtensa/RISC-V.
+// Struct member alignment — natural alignment guarantees atomicity on Xtensa/RISC-V/ARM.
 // Misaligned access would not be atomic even if the size is <= 4 bytes.
 _Static_assert(offsetof(struct netconn, callback) % sizeof(netconn_callback) == 0,
                "netconn.callback must be naturally aligned for atomic access");
@@ -183,9 +195,9 @@ bool esphome_lwip_socket_has_data(int fd) {
     return false;
   // volatile prevents the compiler from caching/reordering this cross-thread read.
   // The write side (TCP/IP thread) commits via SYS_ARCH_UNPROTECT which releases a
-  // FreeRTOS mutex with a memory barrier (rsync on Xtensa), ensuring the value is
-  // visible. Aligned 16-bit reads are single-instruction loads (L16SI/LH) on
-  // Xtensa/RISC-V and cannot produce torn values.
+  // FreeRTOS mutex (ESP32) or resumes the scheduler (LibreTiny), ensuring the value
+  // is visible. Aligned 16-bit reads are single-instruction loads (L16SI/LH/LDRH) on
+  // Xtensa/RISC-V/ARM and cannot produce torn values.
   return *(volatile s16_t *) &sock->rcvevent > 0;
 }
 
@@ -200,7 +212,7 @@ void esphome_lwip_hook_socket(int fd) {
     s_original_callback = sock->conn->callback;
   }
 
-  // Replace with our wrapper. Atomic on ESP32 (32-bit aligned pointer write).
+  // Replace with our wrapper. Atomic on all supported platforms (32-bit aligned pointer write).
   // TCP/IP thread sees either old or new pointer — both are valid.
   sock->conn->callback = esphome_socket_event_callback;
 }
@@ -213,4 +225,4 @@ void esphome_lwip_wake_main_loop(void) {
   }
 }
 
-#endif  // USE_ESP32
+#endif  // defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
diff --git a/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h b/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h
index 73a89fdc3d..b08c946212 100644
--- a/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h
+++ b/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-// Fast socket monitoring for ESP32 (ESP-IDF LwIP)
+// Fast socket monitoring for ESP32 and LibreTiny (LwIP >= 2.1.3)
 // Replaces lwip_select() with direct rcvevent reads and FreeRTOS task notifications.
 
 #include <stdbool.h>
diff --git a/tests/components/socket/test_wake_loop_threadsafe.py b/tests/components/socket/test_wake_loop_threadsafe.py
index 28b4ee564f..0434b3e1b5 100644
--- a/tests/components/socket/test_wake_loop_threadsafe.py
+++ b/tests/components/socket/test_wake_loop_threadsafe.py
@@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
+import pytest
+
 from esphome.components import socket
 from esphome.const import (
     KEY_CORE,
     KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM,
+    PLATFORM_BK72XX,
     PLATFORM_ESP32,
     PLATFORM_ESP8266,
+    PLATFORM_LN882X,
+    PLATFORM_RTL87XX,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
 
@@ -90,9 +95,15 @@ def test_require_wake_loop_threadsafe__no_networking_does_not_consume_socket() -
     assert udp_consumers == initial_udp
 
 
-def test_require_wake_loop_threadsafe__esp32_no_udp_socket() -> None:
-    """Test that ESP32 uses task notifications instead of UDP socket."""
-    _setup_platform(PLATFORM_ESP32)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "platform",
+    [PLATFORM_ESP32, PLATFORM_BK72XX, PLATFORM_RTL87XX, PLATFORM_LN882X],
+)
+def test_require_wake_loop_threadsafe__fast_select_no_udp_socket(
+    platform: str,
+) -> None:
+    """Test that fast select platforms use task notifications instead of UDP socket."""
+    _setup_platform(platform)
     CORE.config = {"wifi": True}
     socket.require_wake_loop_threadsafe()
 
@@ -100,13 +111,13 @@ def test_require_wake_loop_threadsafe__esp32_no_udp_socket() -> None:
     assert CORE.data[socket.KEY_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE_REQUIRED] is True
     assert any(d.name == "USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE" for d in CORE.defines)
 
-    # Verify no UDP socket was consumed (ESP32 uses FreeRTOS task notifications)
+    # Verify no UDP socket was consumed (fast select platforms use FreeRTOS task notifications)
     udp_consumers = CORE.data.get(socket.KEY_SOCKET_CONSUMERS_UDP, {})
     assert "socket.wake_loop_threadsafe" not in udp_consumers
 
 
-def test_require_wake_loop_threadsafe__non_esp32_consumes_udp_socket() -> None:
-    """Test that non-ESP32 platforms consume a UDP socket for wake notifications."""
+def test_require_wake_loop_threadsafe__non_fast_select_consumes_udp_socket() -> None:
+    """Test that platforms without fast select consume a UDP socket for wake notifications."""
     _setup_platform(PLATFORM_ESP8266)
     CORE.config = {"wifi": True}
     socket.require_wake_loop_threadsafe()

From ef9fc87351a288293c0ad3e9ab59c7788af8db09 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 27 Feb 2026 11:17:04 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 244/609] [zigbee] Fix codegen ordering for basic/identify
 attribute lists (#14343)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/zigbee/__init__.py      | 3 ++-
 esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_zephyr.py | 8 +++++++-
 2 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/zigbee/__init__.py b/esphome/components/zigbee/__init__.py
index 7e917a9d70..a327cc2988 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zigbee/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/zigbee/__init__.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from esphome.components.zephyr import zephyr_add_pm_static, zephyr_data
 from esphome.components.zephyr.const import KEY_BOOTLOADER
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_INTERNAL, CONF_NAME
-from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .const_zephyr import (
@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
+@coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_define("USE_ZIGBEE")
     if CORE.using_zephyr:
diff --git a/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_zephyr.py b/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_zephyr.py
index 0b6daa9476..a1e6ad3097 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_zephyr.py
+++ b/esphome/components/zigbee/zigbee_zephyr.py
@@ -179,6 +179,13 @@ async def zephyr_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
                 "USE_ZIGBEE_WIPE_ON_BOOT_MAGIC", random.randint(0x000001, 0xFFFFFF)
             )
         cg.add_define("USE_ZIGBEE_WIPE_ON_BOOT")
+
+    # Generate attribute lists before any await that could yield (e.g., build_automation
+    # waiting for variables from other components). If the hub's priority decays while
+    # yielding, deferred entity jobs may add cluster list globals that reference these
+    # attribute lists before they're declared.
+    await _attr_to_code(config)
+
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
 
     if on_join_config := config.get(CONF_ON_JOIN):
@@ -186,7 +193,6 @@ async def zephyr_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
 
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
-    await _attr_to_code(config)
     CORE.add_job(_ctx_to_code, config)
 
 

From 017d1b2872b9ad85bf5b8a2fb563d14ff517975c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kevin Ahrendt <kevin.ahrendt@openhomefoundation.org>
Date: Fri, 27 Feb 2026 11:12:50 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 245/609] [audio] Bump microOpus to v0.3.4 (#14346)

---
 esphome/components/audio/__init__.py | 2 +-
 esphome/idf_component.yml            | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/audio/__init__.py b/esphome/components/audio/__init__.py
index d8d426ec63..d95fcf66d7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/audio/__init__.py
@@ -214,4 +214,4 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add_define("USE_AUDIO_MP3_SUPPORT")
     if data.opus_support:
         cg.add_define("USE_AUDIO_OPUS_SUPPORT")
-        add_idf_component(name="esphome/micro-opus", ref="0.3.3")
+        add_idf_component(name="esphome/micro-opus", ref="0.3.4")
diff --git a/esphome/idf_component.yml b/esphome/idf_component.yml
index 83b2d9d95c..37bda65afd 100644
--- a/esphome/idf_component.yml
+++ b/esphome/idf_component.yml
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ dependencies:
   esphome/esp-audio-libs:
     version: 2.0.3
   esphome/micro-opus:
-    version: 0.3.3
+    version: 0.3.4
   espressif/esp-tflite-micro:
     version: 1.3.3~1
   espressif/esp32-camera:

From 20314b4d63ee07d97840c821cf1ca0003393a339 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 27 Feb 2026 10:20:08 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 246/609] [mdns] Update espressif/mdns to v1.10.0 (#14338)

---
 esphome/components/mdns/__init__.py | 2 +-
 esphome/idf_component.yml           | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/mdns/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mdns/__init__.py
index 420e6a60e3..0d535d6970 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mdns/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mdns/__init__.py
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             cg.add_library("LEAmDNS", None)
 
     if CORE.is_esp32:
-        add_idf_component(name="espressif/mdns", ref="1.9.1")
+        add_idf_component(name="espressif/mdns", ref="1.10.0")
 
     cg.add_define("USE_MDNS")
 
diff --git a/esphome/idf_component.yml b/esphome/idf_component.yml
index 37bda65afd..550e7b9af7 100644
--- a/esphome/idf_component.yml
+++ b/esphome/idf_component.yml
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ dependencies:
   espressif/esp32-camera:
     version: 2.1.1
   espressif/mdns:
-    version: 1.9.1
+    version: 1.10.0
   espressif/esp_wifi_remote:
     version: 1.3.2
     rules:

From 72ca514cc2650e641faa774a7d43a81dcdf6fb98 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: deirdreobyrne <deirdre.dub@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 27 Feb 2026 17:25:53 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 247/609] [esp32_hosted] Add configurable SDIO clock frequency
 (#14319)

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci-lite[bot] <117423508+pre-commit-ci-lite[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Deirdre <obyrne@rk1.lan>
Co-authored-by: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/esp32_hosted/__init__.py      |  8 ++++++++
 .../test-sdio-speed.esp32-p4-idf.yaml            | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 24 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tests/components/esp32_hosted/test-sdio-speed.esp32-p4-idf.yaml

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_hosted/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32_hosted/__init__.py
index 287c780769..720d81acc4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_hosted/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_hosted/__init__.py
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ CONF_D1_PIN = "d1_pin"
 CONF_D2_PIN = "d2_pin"
 CONF_D3_PIN = "d3_pin"
 CONF_SLOT = "slot"
+CONF_SDIO_FREQUENCY = "sdio_frequency"
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.Schema(
@@ -37,6 +38,9 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.Required(CONF_D3_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_number,
             cv.Required(CONF_RESET_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_number,
             cv.Optional(CONF_SLOT, default=1): cv.int_range(min=0, max=1),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_SDIO_FREQUENCY, default="40MHz"): cv.All(
+                cv.frequency, cv.Range(min=400e3, max=50e6)
+            ),
         }
     ),
 )
@@ -91,6 +95,10 @@ async def to_code(config):
         config[CONF_D3_PIN],
     )
     esp32.add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ESP_HOSTED_CUSTOM_SDIO_PINS", True)
+    esp32.add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
+        "CONFIG_ESP_HOSTED_SDIO_CLOCK_FREQ_KHZ",
+        int(config[CONF_SDIO_FREQUENCY] // 1000),
+    )
 
     framework_ver: cv.Version = CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION]
     os.environ["ESP_IDF_VERSION"] = f"{framework_ver.major}.{framework_ver.minor}"
diff --git a/tests/components/esp32_hosted/test-sdio-speed.esp32-p4-idf.yaml b/tests/components/esp32_hosted/test-sdio-speed.esp32-p4-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9268c9ae41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/esp32_hosted/test-sdio-speed.esp32-p4-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+esp32_hosted:
+  variant: ESP32C6
+  slot: 1
+  active_high: true
+  reset_pin: GPIO15
+  cmd_pin: GPIO13
+  clk_pin: GPIO12
+  d0_pin: GPIO11
+  d1_pin: GPIO10
+  d2_pin: GPIO9
+  d3_pin: GPIO8
+  sdio_frequency: 8MHz
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1

From 1c7f769ec7f54775c3d31f426dcfbb14f66a911f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 27 Feb 2026 10:48:21 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 248/609] [core] Add millis_64() HAL function with native ESP32
 implementation (#14339)

---
 esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp             |  1 +
 esphome/components/esp8266/core.cpp           |  2 ++
 esphome/components/host/core.cpp              |  2 ++
 esphome/components/libretiny/core.cpp         |  2 ++
 esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp            |  2 ++
 .../uptime/sensor/uptime_seconds_sensor.cpp   |  4 +--
 .../uptime/text_sensor/uptime_text_sensor.cpp |  4 +--
 esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp  |  4 +--
 esphome/components/zephyr/core.cpp            |  2 ++
 esphome/core/hal.h                            |  1 +
 esphome/core/scheduler.cpp                    | 34 ++++++++++--------
 esphome/core/scheduler.h                      | 35 +++++++++++++++----
 12 files changed, 66 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp
index 202d929ab9..b9ae871abf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ namespace esphome {
 
 void HOT yield() { vPortYield(); }
 uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT millis() { return (uint32_t) (esp_timer_get_time() / 1000ULL); }
+uint64_t HOT millis_64() { return static_cast<uint64_t>(esp_timer_get_time()) / 1000ULL; }
 void HOT delay(uint32_t ms) { vTaskDelay(ms / portTICK_PERIOD_MS); }
 uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT micros() { return (uint32_t) esp_timer_get_time(); }
 void IRAM_ATTR HOT delayMicroseconds(uint32_t us) { delay_microseconds_safe(us); }
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266/core.cpp b/esphome/components/esp8266/core.cpp
index 236d3022be..497e99b61f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp8266/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266/core.cpp
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "core.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "preferences.h"
 #include <Arduino.h>
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ namespace esphome {
 
 void HOT yield() { ::yield(); }
 uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT millis() { return ::millis(); }
+uint64_t millis_64() { return App.scheduler.millis_64_impl_(::millis()); }
 void HOT delay(uint32_t ms) { ::delay(ms); }
 uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT micros() { return ::micros(); }
 void IRAM_ATTR HOT delayMicroseconds(uint32_t us) { delay_microseconds_safe(us); }
diff --git a/esphome/components/host/core.cpp b/esphome/components/host/core.cpp
index c20a33fa37..5c08717ac9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/host/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/host/core.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #ifdef USE_HOST
 
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "preferences.h"
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT millis() {
   uint32_t ms = round(spec.tv_nsec / 1e6);
   return ((uint32_t) seconds) * 1000U + ms;
 }
+uint64_t millis_64() { return App.scheduler.millis_64_impl_(millis()); }
 void HOT delay(uint32_t ms) {
   struct timespec ts;
   ts.tv_sec = ms / 1000;
diff --git a/esphome/components/libretiny/core.cpp b/esphome/components/libretiny/core.cpp
index 4dda7c3856..6cbc81938d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/libretiny/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/libretiny/core.cpp
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "core.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "preferences.h"
 
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ namespace esphome {
 
 void HOT yield() { ::yield(); }
 uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT millis() { return ::millis(); }
+uint64_t millis_64() { return App.scheduler.millis_64_impl_(::millis()); }
 uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT micros() { return ::micros(); }
 void HOT delay(uint32_t ms) { ::delay(ms); }
 void IRAM_ATTR HOT delayMicroseconds(uint32_t us) { ::delayMicroseconds(us); }
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp b/esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp
index 37378d88bb..52c6f1185c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "core.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
 #include "hardware/watchdog.h"
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ namespace esphome {
 
 void HOT yield() { ::yield(); }
 uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT millis() { return ::millis(); }
+uint64_t millis_64() { return App.scheduler.millis_64_impl_(::millis()); }
 void HOT delay(uint32_t ms) { ::delay(ms); }
 uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT micros() { return ::micros(); }
 void IRAM_ATTR HOT delayMicroseconds(uint32_t us) { delay_microseconds_safe(us); }
diff --git a/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_seconds_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_seconds_sensor.cpp
index 20e8ed8fda..552e4e5da4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_seconds_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uptime/sensor/uptime_seconds_sensor.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include "uptime_seconds_sensor.h"
 
-#include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome::uptime {
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ namespace esphome::uptime {
 static const char *const TAG = "uptime.sensor";
 
 void UptimeSecondsSensor::update() {
-  const uint64_t uptime = App.scheduler.millis_64();
+  const uint64_t uptime = millis_64();
   const uint64_t seconds_int = uptime / 1000ULL;
   const float seconds = float(seconds_int) + (uptime % 1000ULL) / 1000.0f;
   this->publish_state(seconds);
diff --git a/esphome/components/uptime/text_sensor/uptime_text_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/uptime/text_sensor/uptime_text_sensor.cpp
index 88ae53fbfc..c89d23672e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uptime/text_sensor/uptime_text_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uptime/text_sensor/uptime_text_sensor.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include "uptime_text_sensor.h"
 
-#include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ static void append_unit(char *buf, size_t buf_size, size_t &pos, const char *sep
 void UptimeTextSensor::setup() { this->update(); }
 
 void UptimeTextSensor::update() {
-  uint32_t uptime = static_cast<uint32_t>(App.scheduler.millis_64() / 1000);
+  uint32_t uptime = static_cast<uint32_t>(millis_64() / 1000);
   unsigned interval = this->get_update_interval() / 1000;
 
   // Calculate all time units
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
index e2f9c21331..16674321c9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::get_config_json() {
 #endif
   root[ESPHOME_F("log")] = this->expose_log_;
   root[ESPHOME_F("lang")] = "en";
-  root[ESPHOME_F("uptime")] = static_cast<uint32_t>(App.scheduler.millis_64() / 1000);
+  root[ESPHOME_F("uptime")] = static_cast<uint32_t>(millis_64() / 1000);
 
   return builder.serialize();
 }
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ void WebServer::setup() {
   // getting a lot of events
   this->set_interval(10000, [this]() {
     char buf[32];
-    auto uptime = static_cast<uint32_t>(App.scheduler.millis_64() / 1000);
+    auto uptime = static_cast<uint32_t>(millis_64() / 1000);
     buf_append_printf(buf, sizeof(buf), 0, "{\"uptime\":%u}", uptime);
     this->events_.try_send_nodefer(buf, "ping", millis(), 30000);
   });
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr/core.cpp b/esphome/components/zephyr/core.cpp
index d7027b33f5..7f5d6d44fa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zephyr/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr/core.cpp
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include <zephyr/drivers/watchdog.h>
 #include <zephyr/sys/reboot.h>
 #include <zephyr/random/random.h>
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ static const device *const WDT = DEVICE_DT_GET(DT_ALIAS(watchdog0));
 
 void yield() { ::k_yield(); }
 uint32_t millis() { return k_ticks_to_ms_floor32(k_uptime_ticks()); }
+uint64_t millis_64() { return App.scheduler.millis_64_impl_(millis()); }
 uint32_t micros() { return k_ticks_to_us_floor32(k_uptime_ticks()); }
 void delayMicroseconds(uint32_t us) { ::k_usleep(us); }
 void delay(uint32_t ms) { ::k_msleep(ms); }
diff --git a/esphome/core/hal.h b/esphome/core/hal.h
index 1a4230e421..fa5ca646f2 100644
--- a/esphome/core/hal.h
+++ b/esphome/core/hal.h
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ namespace esphome {
 
 void yield();
 uint32_t millis();
+uint64_t millis_64();
 uint32_t micros();
 void delay(uint32_t ms);
 void delayMicroseconds(uint32_t us);  // NOLINT(readability-identifier-naming)
diff --git a/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp b/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
index d9c66b2000..06c0bb8b1b 100644
--- a/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
@@ -28,8 +28,10 @@ static constexpr size_t MAX_POOL_SIZE = 5;
 // Set to 5 to match the pool size - when we have as many cancelled items as our
 // pool can hold, it's time to clean up and recycle them.
 static constexpr uint32_t MAX_LOGICALLY_DELETED_ITEMS = 5;
+#ifndef USE_ESP32
 // Half the 32-bit range - used to detect rollovers vs normal time progression
 static constexpr uint32_t HALF_MAX_UINT32 = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max() / 2;
+#endif
 // max delay to start an interval sequence
 static constexpr uint32_t MAX_INTERVAL_DELAY = 5000;
 
@@ -150,8 +152,8 @@ void HOT Scheduler::set_timer_common_(Component *component, SchedulerItem::Type
     return;
   }
 
-  // Get fresh timestamp BEFORE taking lock - millis_64_ may need to acquire lock itself
-  const uint64_t now = this->millis_64_(millis());
+  // Get fresh 64-bit timestamp BEFORE taking lock
+  const uint64_t now_64 = millis_64();
 
   // Take lock early to protect scheduler_item_pool_ access
   LockGuard guard{this->lock_};
@@ -184,7 +186,7 @@ void HOT Scheduler::set_timer_common_(Component *component, SchedulerItem::Type
       item->interval = delay;
       // first execution happens immediately after a random smallish offset
       uint32_t offset = this->calculate_interval_offset_(delay);
-      item->set_next_execution(now + offset);
+      item->set_next_execution(now_64 + offset);
 #ifdef ESPHOME_LOG_HAS_VERBOSE
       SchedulerNameLog name_log;
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Scheduler interval for %s is %" PRIu32 "ms, offset %" PRIu32 "ms",
@@ -192,11 +194,11 @@ void HOT Scheduler::set_timer_common_(Component *component, SchedulerItem::Type
 #endif
     } else {
       item->interval = 0;
-      item->set_next_execution(now + delay);
+      item->set_next_execution(now_64 + delay);
     }
 
 #ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER
-    this->debug_log_timer_(item.get(), name_type, static_name, hash_or_id, type, delay, now);
+    this->debug_log_timer_(item.get(), name_type, static_name, hash_or_id, type, delay, now_64);
 #endif /* ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER */
 
     // For retries, check if there's a cancelled timeout first
@@ -399,8 +401,7 @@ optional<uint32_t> HOT Scheduler::next_schedule_in(uint32_t now) {
     return {};
 
   auto &item = this->items_[0];
-  // Convert the fresh timestamp from caller (usually Application::loop()) to 64-bit
-  const auto now_64 = this->millis_64_(now);  // 'now' from parameter - fresh from caller
+  const auto now_64 = this->millis_64_from_(now);
   const uint64_t next_exec = item->get_next_execution();
   if (next_exec < now_64)
     return 0;
@@ -461,8 +462,8 @@ void HOT Scheduler::call(uint32_t now) {
   this->process_defer_queue_(now);
 #endif /* not ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE */
 
-  // Convert the fresh timestamp from main loop to 64-bit for scheduler operations
-  const auto now_64 = this->millis_64_(now);  // 'now' from parameter - fresh from Application::loop()
+  // Extend the caller's 32-bit timestamp to 64-bit for scheduler operations
+  const auto now_64 = this->millis_64_from_(now);
   this->process_to_add();
 
   // Track if any items were added to to_add_ during this call (intervals or from callbacks)
@@ -474,15 +475,18 @@ void HOT Scheduler::call(uint32_t now) {
   if (now_64 - last_print > 2000) {
     last_print = now_64;
     std::vector<SchedulerItemPtr> old_items;
-#ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS
+#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS)
     const auto last_dbg = this->last_millis_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
     const auto major_dbg = this->millis_major_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Items: count=%zu, pool=%zu, now=%" PRIu64 " (%" PRIu16 ", %" PRIu32 ")", this->items_.size(),
              this->scheduler_item_pool_.size(), now_64, major_dbg, last_dbg);
-#else  /* not ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS */
+#elif !defined(USE_ESP32)
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Items: count=%zu, pool=%zu, now=%" PRIu64 " (%" PRIu16 ", %" PRIu32 ")", this->items_.size(),
              this->scheduler_item_pool_.size(), now_64, this->millis_major_, this->last_millis_);
-#endif /* else ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS */
+#else
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Items: count=%zu, pool=%zu, now=%" PRIu64, this->items_.size(), this->scheduler_item_pool_.size(),
+             now_64);
+#endif
     // Cleanup before debug output
     this->cleanup_();
     while (!this->items_.empty()) {
@@ -710,9 +714,8 @@ bool HOT Scheduler::cancel_item_locked_(Component *component, NameType name_type
   return total_cancelled > 0;
 }
 
-uint64_t Scheduler::millis_64() { return this->millis_64_(millis()); }
-
-uint64_t Scheduler::millis_64_(uint32_t now) {
+#ifndef USE_ESP32
+uint64_t Scheduler::millis_64_impl_(uint32_t now) {
   // THREAD SAFETY NOTE:
   // This function has three implementations, based on the precompiler flags
   // - ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE - Runs on single-threaded platforms (ESP8266, RP2040, etc.)
@@ -869,6 +872,7 @@ uint64_t Scheduler::millis_64_(uint32_t now) {
     "No platform threading model defined. One of ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE, ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_NO_ATOMICS, or ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS must be defined."
 #endif
 }
+#endif  // not USE_ESP32
 
 bool HOT Scheduler::SchedulerItem::cmp(const SchedulerItemPtr &a, const SchedulerItemPtr &b) {
   // High bits are almost always equal (change only on 32-bit rollover ~49 days)
diff --git a/esphome/core/scheduler.h b/esphome/core/scheduler.h
index 840ee7159a..c605325810 100644
--- a/esphome/core/scheduler.h
+++ b/esphome/core/scheduler.h
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
@@ -117,12 +118,12 @@ class Scheduler {
   bool cancel_retry(Component *component, uint32_t id);
 
   /// Get 64-bit millisecond timestamp (handles 32-bit millis() rollover)
-  uint64_t millis_64();
+  uint64_t millis_64() { return esphome::millis_64(); }
 
-  // Calculate when the next scheduled item should run
-  // @param now Fresh timestamp from millis() - must not be stale/cached
-  // Returns the time in milliseconds until the next scheduled item, or nullopt if no items
-  // This method performs cleanup of removed items before checking the schedule
+  // Calculate when the next scheduled item should run.
+  // @param now On ESP32, unused for 64-bit extension (native); on other platforms, extended to 64-bit via rollover.
+  // Returns the time in milliseconds until the next scheduled item, or nullopt if no items.
+  // This method performs cleanup of removed items before checking the schedule.
   // IMPORTANT: This method should only be called from the main thread (loop task).
   optional<uint32_t> next_schedule_in(uint32_t now);
 
@@ -282,7 +283,25 @@ class Scheduler {
   // Common implementation for cancel_retry
   bool cancel_retry_(Component *component, NameType name_type, const char *static_name, uint32_t hash_or_id);
 
-  uint64_t millis_64_(uint32_t now);
+  // Extend a 32-bit millis() value to 64-bit. Use when the caller already has a fresh now.
+  // On ESP32, ignores now and uses esp_timer_get_time() directly (native 64-bit).
+  // On non-ESP32, extends now to 64-bit using rollover tracking.
+  uint64_t millis_64_from_(uint32_t now) {
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+    (void) now;
+    return millis_64();
+#else
+    return this->millis_64_impl_(now);
+#endif
+  }
+
+#ifndef USE_ESP32
+  // On non-ESP32 platforms, millis_64() HAL function delegates to this method
+  // which tracks 32-bit millis() rollover using millis_major_ and last_millis_.
+  // On ESP32, millis_64() uses esp_timer_get_time() directly.
+  friend uint64_t millis_64();
+  uint64_t millis_64_impl_(uint32_t now);
+#endif
   // Cleanup logically deleted items from the scheduler
   // Returns the number of items remaining after cleanup
   // IMPORTANT: This method should only be called from the main thread (loop task).
@@ -549,6 +568,9 @@ class Scheduler {
   //   to synchronize between tasks (see https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/52)
   std::vector<SchedulerItemPtr> scheduler_item_pool_;
 
+#ifndef USE_ESP32
+  // On ESP32, millis_64() uses esp_timer_get_time() directly; no rollover tracking needed.
+  // On other platforms, these fields track 32-bit millis() rollover for millis_64_impl_().
 #ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS
   /*
    * Multi-threaded platforms with atomic support: last_millis_ needs atomic for lock-free updates
@@ -577,6 +599,7 @@ class Scheduler {
 #else  /* not ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS */
   uint16_t millis_major_{0};
 #endif /* else ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS */
+#endif /* not USE_ESP32 */
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome

From 4fe173b64487b90d17fbca26727e0ad19bdd0d20 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 27 Feb 2026 10:56:57 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 249/609] [wifi] Remove stale TODO comment for ESP8266 callback
 deferral (#14347)

---
 esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp | 4 ----
 1 file changed, 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
index cbf7d7d80f..8911bf15e0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
@@ -470,10 +470,6 @@ const LogString *get_disconnect_reason_str(uint8_t reason) {
   return LOG_STR("Unspecified");
 }
 
-// TODO: This callback runs in ESP8266 system context with limited stack (~2KB).
-// All listener notifications should be deferred to wifi_loop_() via pending_ flags
-// to avoid stack overflow. Currently only connect_state is deferred; disconnect,
-// IP, and scan listeners still run in this context and should be migrated.
 void WiFiComponent::wifi_event_callback(System_Event_t *event) {
   switch (event->event) {
     case EVENT_STAMODE_CONNECTED: {

From c3a0eeceec21b6f7e97a2044078c611c843679e2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 27 Feb 2026 11:17:17 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 250/609] [wifi] Use direct SDK APIs for LibreTiny SSID
 retrieval (#14349)

---
 .../wifi/wifi_component_libretiny.cpp         | 27 ++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 26 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_libretiny.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_libretiny.cpp
index 2cc05928af..1c5490a3ac 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_libretiny.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_libretiny.cpp
@@ -13,6 +13,19 @@
 #include <FreeRTOS.h>
 #include <queue.h>
 
+#ifdef USE_BK72XX
+extern "C" {
+#include <wlan_ui_pub.h>
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_RTL87XX
+extern "C" {
+#include <wifi_conf.h>
+#include <wifi_structures.h>
+}
+#endif
+
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
@@ -760,10 +773,22 @@ bssid_t WiFiComponent::wifi_bssid() {
 }
 std::string WiFiComponent::wifi_ssid() { return WiFi.SSID().c_str(); }
 const char *WiFiComponent::wifi_ssid_to(std::span<char, SSID_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer) {
-  // TODO: Find direct LibreTiny API to avoid Arduino String allocation
+#ifdef USE_BK72XX
+  LinkStatusTypeDef link_status{};
+  bk_wlan_get_link_status(&link_status);
+  size_t len = strnlen(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(link_status.ssid), SSID_BUFFER_SIZE - 1);
+  memcpy(buffer.data(), link_status.ssid, len);
+#elif defined(USE_RTL87XX)
+  rtw_wifi_setting_t setting{};
+  wifi_get_setting("wlan0", &setting);
+  size_t len = strnlen(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(setting.ssid), SSID_BUFFER_SIZE - 1);
+  memcpy(buffer.data(), setting.ssid, len);
+#else
+  // LN882X: wifi_get_sta_conn_info() provides direct pointer access
   String ssid = WiFi.SSID();
   size_t len = std::min(static_cast<size_t>(ssid.length()), SSID_BUFFER_SIZE - 1);
   memcpy(buffer.data(), ssid.c_str(), len);
+#endif
   buffer[len] = '\0';
   return buffer.data();
 }

From 4ae7633418716d4f606e189ad1eb532d7ec00cb5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Michael Cassaniti <mcassaniti@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 28 Feb 2026 05:23:02 +1100
Subject: [PATCH 251/609] [safe_mode] Add feature to explicitly mark a boot as
 successful (#14306)

Co-authored-by: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/safe_mode/__init__.py      | 17 ++++++++++++++++
 esphome/components/safe_mode/automation.h     | 14 +++++++------
 esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.cpp    | 20 +++++++++++--------
 esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.h      |  2 ++
 .../components/safe_mode/common-enabled.yaml  |  4 ++++
 5 files changed, 43 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/safe_mode/__init__.py b/esphome/components/safe_mode/__init__.py
index d1754aaad7..f54151b746 100644
--- a/esphome/components/safe_mode/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/safe_mode/__init__.py
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ CONF_ON_SAFE_MODE = "on_safe_mode"
 safe_mode_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("safe_mode")
 SafeModeComponent = safe_mode_ns.class_("SafeModeComponent", cg.Component)
 SafeModeTrigger = safe_mode_ns.class_("SafeModeTrigger", automation.Trigger.template())
+MarkSuccessfulAction = safe_mode_ns.class_("MarkSuccessfulAction", automation.Action)
 
 
 def _remove_id_if_disabled(value):
@@ -53,6 +54,22 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
+@automation.register_action(
+    "safe_mode.mark_successful",
+    MarkSuccessfulAction,
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(SafeModeComponent),
+        }
+    ),
+)
+async def safe_mode_mark_successful_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    cg.add(var.set_parent(parent))
+    return var
+
+
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.APPLICATION)
 async def to_code(config):
     if not config[CONF_DISABLED]:
diff --git a/esphome/components/safe_mode/automation.h b/esphome/components/safe_mode/automation.h
index 1d82ac45f1..dee02c64a0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/safe_mode/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/components/safe_mode/automation.h
@@ -1,20 +1,22 @@
 #pragma once
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
-
-#ifdef USE_SAFE_MODE_CALLBACK
-#include "safe_mode.h"
-
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
+#include "safe_mode.h"
 
 namespace esphome::safe_mode {
 
+#ifdef USE_SAFE_MODE_CALLBACK
 class SafeModeTrigger final : public Trigger<> {
  public:
   explicit SafeModeTrigger(SafeModeComponent *parent) {
     parent->add_on_safe_mode_callback([this]() { trigger(); });
   }
 };
+#endif  // USE_SAFE_MODE_CALLBACK
+
+template<typename... Ts> class MarkSuccessfulAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SafeModeComponent> {
+ public:
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->mark_successful(); }
+};
 
 }  // namespace esphome::safe_mode
-
-#endif  // USE_SAFE_MODE_CALLBACK
diff --git a/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.cpp b/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.cpp
index aa4fdb8291..fe2acd9612 100644
--- a/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.cpp
@@ -63,18 +63,22 @@ void SafeModeComponent::dump_config() {
 
 float SafeModeComponent::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::AFTER_WIFI; }
 
+void SafeModeComponent::mark_successful() {
+  this->clean_rtc();
+  this->boot_successful_ = true;
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_OTA_ROLLBACK)
+  // Mark OTA partition as valid to prevent rollback
+  esp_ota_mark_app_valid_cancel_rollback();
+#endif
+  // Disable loop since we no longer need to check
+  this->disable_loop();
+}
+
 void SafeModeComponent::loop() {
   if (!this->boot_successful_ && (millis() - this->safe_mode_start_time_) > this->safe_mode_boot_is_good_after_) {
     // successful boot, reset counter
     ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Boot seems successful; resetting boot loop counter");
-    this->clean_rtc();
-    this->boot_successful_ = true;
-#if defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_OTA_ROLLBACK)
-    // Mark OTA partition as valid to prevent rollback
-    esp_ota_mark_app_valid_cancel_rollback();
-#endif
-    // Disable loop since we no longer need to check
-    this->disable_loop();
+    this->mark_successful();
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.h b/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.h
index 902b8c415d..1b28ea28f2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.h
+++ b/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.h
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ class SafeModeComponent final : public Component {
 
   void on_safe_shutdown() override;
 
+  void mark_successful();
+
 #ifdef USE_SAFE_MODE_CALLBACK
   void add_on_safe_mode_callback(std::function<void()> &&callback) {
     this->safe_mode_callback_.add(std::move(callback));
diff --git a/tests/components/safe_mode/common-enabled.yaml b/tests/components/safe_mode/common-enabled.yaml
index c24f49e6b6..43025c60db 100644
--- a/tests/components/safe_mode/common-enabled.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/safe_mode/common-enabled.yaml
@@ -16,3 +16,7 @@ button:
 switch:
   - platform: safe_mode
     name: Safe Mode Switch
+
+esphome:
+  on_boot:
+    - safe_mode.mark_successful

From 317dd5b2da73d39839695abb066cb976443dba05 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 27 Feb 2026 11:42:08 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 252/609] [ci] Skip memory impact target branch build when
 tests don't exist (#14316)

---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 49 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 39 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index c2a93d37fd..b752701920 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -686,7 +686,7 @@ jobs:
       ram_usage: ${{ steps.extract.outputs.ram_usage }}
       flash_usage: ${{ steps.extract.outputs.flash_usage }}
       cache_hit: ${{ steps.cache-memory-analysis.outputs.cache-hit }}
-      skip: ${{ steps.check-script.outputs.skip }}
+      skip: ${{ steps.check-script.outputs.skip || steps.check-tests.outputs.skip }}
     steps:
       - name: Check out target branch
         uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
@@ -705,10 +705,39 @@ jobs:
             echo "::warning::ci_memory_impact_extract.py not found on target branch, skipping memory impact analysis"
           fi
 
-      # All remaining steps only run if script exists
+      # Check if test files exist on the target branch for the requested
+      # components and platform. When a PR adds new test files for a platform,
+      # the target branch won't have them yet, so skip instead of failing.
+      # This check must be done here (not in determine-jobs.py) because
+      # determine-jobs runs on the PR branch and cannot see what the target
+      # branch has.
+      - name: Check for test files on target branch
+        id: check-tests
+        if: steps.check-script.outputs.skip != 'true'
+        run: |
+          components='${{ toJSON(fromJSON(needs.determine-jobs.outputs.memory_impact).components) }}'
+          platform="${{ fromJSON(needs.determine-jobs.outputs.memory_impact).platform }}"
+          found=false
+          for component in $(echo "$components" | jq -r '.[]'); do
+            # Check for test files matching the platform (test.platform.yaml or test-*.platform.yaml)
+            for f in tests/components/${component}/test*.${platform}.yaml; do
+              if [ -f "$f" ]; then
+                found=true
+                break 2
+              fi
+            done
+          done
+          if [ "$found" = false ]; then
+            echo "skip=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+            echo "::warning::No test files found on target branch for platform ${platform}, skipping memory impact analysis"
+          else
+            echo "skip=false" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          fi
+
+      # All remaining steps only run if script and tests exist
       - name: Generate cache key
         id: cache-key
-        if: steps.check-script.outputs.skip != 'true'
+        if: steps.check-script.outputs.skip != 'true' && steps.check-tests.outputs.skip != 'true'
         run: |
           # Get the commit SHA of the target branch
           target_sha=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
@@ -735,14 +764,14 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Restore cached memory analysis
         id: cache-memory-analysis
-        if: steps.check-script.outputs.skip != 'true'
+        if: steps.check-script.outputs.skip != 'true' && steps.check-tests.outputs.skip != 'true'
         uses: actions/cache/restore@cdf6c1fa76f9f475f3d7449005a359c84ca0f306 # v5.0.3
         with:
           path: memory-analysis-target.json
           key: ${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.cache-key }}
 
       - name: Cache status
-        if: steps.check-script.outputs.skip != 'true'
+        if: steps.check-script.outputs.skip != 'true' && steps.check-tests.outputs.skip != 'true'
         run: |
           if [ "${{ steps.cache-memory-analysis.outputs.cache-hit }}" == "true" ]; then
             echo "✓ Cache hit! Using cached memory analysis results."
@@ -752,21 +781,21 @@ jobs:
           fi
 
       - name: Restore Python
-        if: steps.check-script.outputs.skip != 'true' && steps.cache-memory-analysis.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        if: steps.check-script.outputs.skip != 'true' && steps.check-tests.outputs.skip != 'true' && steps.cache-memory-analysis.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:
           python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
           cache-key: ${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
 
       - name: Cache platformio
-        if: steps.check-script.outputs.skip != 'true' && steps.cache-memory-analysis.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        if: steps.check-script.outputs.skip != 'true' && steps.check-tests.outputs.skip != 'true' && steps.cache-memory-analysis.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
         uses: actions/cache/restore@cdf6c1fa76f9f475f3d7449005a359c84ca0f306 # v5.0.3
         with:
           path: ~/.platformio
           key: platformio-memory-${{ fromJSON(needs.determine-jobs.outputs.memory_impact).platform }}-${{ hashFiles('platformio.ini') }}
 
       - name: Build, compile, and analyze memory
-        if: steps.check-script.outputs.skip != 'true' && steps.cache-memory-analysis.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        if: steps.check-script.outputs.skip != 'true' && steps.check-tests.outputs.skip != 'true' && steps.cache-memory-analysis.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
         id: build
         run: |
           . venv/bin/activate
@@ -800,7 +829,7 @@ jobs:
             --platform "$platform"
 
       - name: Save memory analysis to cache
-        if: steps.check-script.outputs.skip != 'true' && steps.cache-memory-analysis.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' && steps.build.outcome == 'success'
+        if: steps.check-script.outputs.skip != 'true' && steps.check-tests.outputs.skip != 'true' && steps.cache-memory-analysis.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' && steps.build.outcome == 'success'
         uses: actions/cache/save@cdf6c1fa76f9f475f3d7449005a359c84ca0f306 # v5.0.3
         with:
           path: memory-analysis-target.json
@@ -808,7 +837,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Extract memory usage for outputs
         id: extract
-        if: steps.check-script.outputs.skip != 'true'
+        if: steps.check-script.outputs.skip != 'true' && steps.check-tests.outputs.skip != 'true'
         run: |
           if [ -f memory-analysis-target.json ]; then
             ram=$(jq -r '.ram_bytes' memory-analysis-target.json)

From 29e1e8bdfd9ce8068cb97f8e0b1c8e8f64af50c4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 27 Feb 2026 11:45:20 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 253/609] [wifi] Add LibreTiny component test configs (#14351)

---
 tests/components/wifi/test.bk72xx-ard.yaml  | 1 +
 tests/components/wifi/test.ln882x-ard.yaml  | 1 +
 tests/components/wifi/test.rtl87xx-ard.yaml | 1 +
 3 files changed, 3 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tests/components/wifi/test.bk72xx-ard.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/components/wifi/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/components/wifi/test.rtl87xx-ard.yaml

diff --git a/tests/components/wifi/test.bk72xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/wifi/test.bk72xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dade44d145
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/wifi/test.bk72xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/wifi/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/wifi/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dade44d145
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/wifi/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/wifi/test.rtl87xx-ard.yaml b/tests/components/wifi/test.rtl87xx-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dade44d145
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/wifi/test.rtl87xx-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<<: !include common.yaml

From 3411ce21505cd8fdcf74885199ba7627f5ac105b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 27 Feb 2026 11:49:57 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 254/609] [core] Fix Application asm label for Mach-O using
 __USER_LABEL_PREFIX__ (#14334)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/core/application.cpp | 11 ++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/application.cpp b/esphome/core/application.cpp
index 3bd4c1c670..e27c2cdfc6 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/application.cpp
@@ -727,8 +727,17 @@ void Application::yield_with_select_(uint32_t delay_ms) {
 #error "Application placement new requires Itanium C++ ABI (GCC/Clang)"
 #endif
 static_assert(std::is_default_constructible<Application>::value, "Application must be default-constructible");
+// __USER_LABEL_PREFIX__ is "_" on Mach-O (macOS) and empty on ELF (embedded targets).
+// String literal concatenation produces the correct platform-specific mangled symbol.
+// Two-level macro needed: # stringifies before expansion, so the
+// indirection forces __USER_LABEL_PREFIX__ to expand first.
+#define ESPHOME_STRINGIFY_IMPL_(x) #x
+#define ESPHOME_STRINGIFY_(x) ESPHOME_STRINGIFY_IMPL_(x)
 // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
-alignas(Application) char app_storage[sizeof(Application)] asm("_ZN7esphome3AppE");
+alignas(Application) char app_storage[sizeof(Application)] asm(
+    ESPHOME_STRINGIFY_(__USER_LABEL_PREFIX__) "_ZN7esphome3AppE");
+#undef ESPHOME_STRINGIFY_
+#undef ESPHOME_STRINGIFY_IMPL_
 
 #if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE)
 

From 8698b01bc7314443867327e11f8431a7f14bf7e7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 27 Feb 2026 11:54:13 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 255/609] [host] Use native clock_gettime for millis_64()
 (#14340)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/host/core.cpp |  6 +++++-
 esphome/core/scheduler.cpp       | 10 +++++-----
 esphome/core/scheduler.h         | 15 +++++++--------
 3 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/host/core.cpp b/esphome/components/host/core.cpp
index 5c08717ac9..9af85bec58 100644
--- a/esphome/components/host/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/host/core.cpp
@@ -20,7 +20,11 @@ uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT millis() {
   uint32_t ms = round(spec.tv_nsec / 1e6);
   return ((uint32_t) seconds) * 1000U + ms;
 }
-uint64_t millis_64() { return App.scheduler.millis_64_impl_(millis()); }
+uint64_t millis_64() {
+  struct timespec spec;
+  clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &spec);
+  return static_cast<uint64_t>(spec.tv_sec) * 1000ULL + static_cast<uint64_t>(spec.tv_nsec) / 1000000ULL;
+}
 void HOT delay(uint32_t ms) {
   struct timespec ts;
   ts.tv_sec = ms / 1000;
diff --git a/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp b/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
index 06c0bb8b1b..97735c4876 100644
--- a/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ static constexpr size_t MAX_POOL_SIZE = 5;
 // Set to 5 to match the pool size - when we have as many cancelled items as our
 // pool can hold, it's time to clean up and recycle them.
 static constexpr uint32_t MAX_LOGICALLY_DELETED_ITEMS = 5;
-#ifndef USE_ESP32
+#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_HOST)
 // Half the 32-bit range - used to detect rollovers vs normal time progression
 static constexpr uint32_t HALF_MAX_UINT32 = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max() / 2;
 #endif
@@ -475,12 +475,12 @@ void HOT Scheduler::call(uint32_t now) {
   if (now_64 - last_print > 2000) {
     last_print = now_64;
     std::vector<SchedulerItemPtr> old_items;
-#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS)
+#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_HOST) && defined(ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS)
     const auto last_dbg = this->last_millis_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
     const auto major_dbg = this->millis_major_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Items: count=%zu, pool=%zu, now=%" PRIu64 " (%" PRIu16 ", %" PRIu32 ")", this->items_.size(),
              this->scheduler_item_pool_.size(), now_64, major_dbg, last_dbg);
-#elif !defined(USE_ESP32)
+#elif !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_HOST)
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Items: count=%zu, pool=%zu, now=%" PRIu64 " (%" PRIu16 ", %" PRIu32 ")", this->items_.size(),
              this->scheduler_item_pool_.size(), now_64, this->millis_major_, this->last_millis_);
 #else
@@ -714,7 +714,7 @@ bool HOT Scheduler::cancel_item_locked_(Component *component, NameType name_type
   return total_cancelled > 0;
 }
 
-#ifndef USE_ESP32
+#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_HOST)
 uint64_t Scheduler::millis_64_impl_(uint32_t now) {
   // THREAD SAFETY NOTE:
   // This function has three implementations, based on the precompiler flags
@@ -872,7 +872,7 @@ uint64_t Scheduler::millis_64_impl_(uint32_t now) {
     "No platform threading model defined. One of ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE, ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_NO_ATOMICS, or ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS must be defined."
 #endif
 }
-#endif  // not USE_ESP32
+#endif  // !USE_ESP32 && !USE_HOST
 
 bool HOT Scheduler::SchedulerItem::cmp(const SchedulerItemPtr &a, const SchedulerItemPtr &b) {
   // High bits are almost always equal (change only on 32-bit rollover ~49 days)
diff --git a/esphome/core/scheduler.h b/esphome/core/scheduler.h
index c605325810..9a62ac1634 100644
--- a/esphome/core/scheduler.h
+++ b/esphome/core/scheduler.h
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ class Scheduler {
   // On ESP32, ignores now and uses esp_timer_get_time() directly (native 64-bit).
   // On non-ESP32, extends now to 64-bit using rollover tracking.
   uint64_t millis_64_from_(uint32_t now) {
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_HOST)
     (void) now;
     return millis_64();
 #else
@@ -295,10 +295,9 @@ class Scheduler {
 #endif
   }
 
-#ifndef USE_ESP32
-  // On non-ESP32 platforms, millis_64() HAL function delegates to this method
-  // which tracks 32-bit millis() rollover using millis_major_ and last_millis_.
-  // On ESP32, millis_64() uses esp_timer_get_time() directly.
+#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_HOST)
+  // On platforms without native 64-bit time, millis_64() HAL function delegates to this
+  // method which tracks 32-bit millis() rollover using millis_major_ and last_millis_.
   friend uint64_t millis_64();
   uint64_t millis_64_impl_(uint32_t now);
 #endif
@@ -568,8 +567,8 @@ class Scheduler {
   //   to synchronize between tasks (see https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/52)
   std::vector<SchedulerItemPtr> scheduler_item_pool_;
 
-#ifndef USE_ESP32
-  // On ESP32, millis_64() uses esp_timer_get_time() directly; no rollover tracking needed.
+#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_HOST)
+  // On platforms with native 64-bit time (ESP32, Host), no rollover tracking needed.
   // On other platforms, these fields track 32-bit millis() rollover for millis_64_impl_().
 #ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS
   /*
@@ -599,7 +598,7 @@ class Scheduler {
 #else  /* not ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS */
   uint16_t millis_major_{0};
 #endif /* else ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS */
-#endif /* not USE_ESP32 */
+#endif /* !USE_ESP32 && !USE_HOST */
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome

From 9c1d1a0d9fba57b92e083437d422a3e7ca3137ad Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 27 Feb 2026 12:25:13 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 256/609] [color] Use integer math in Color::gradient to reduce
 code size (#14354)

---
 esphome/core/color.cpp | 10 +++++-----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/color.cpp b/esphome/core/color.cpp
index 14c41c2b0d..edbc771472 100644
--- a/esphome/core/color.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/color.cpp
@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@ constinit const Color Color::BLACK(0, 0, 0, 0);
 constinit const Color Color::WHITE(255, 255, 255, 255);
 
 Color Color::gradient(const Color &to_color, uint8_t amnt) {
+  uint8_t inv = 255 - amnt;
   Color new_color;
-  float amnt_f = float(amnt) / 255.0f;
-  new_color.r = amnt_f * (to_color.r - this->r) + this->r;
-  new_color.g = amnt_f * (to_color.g - this->g) + this->g;
-  new_color.b = amnt_f * (to_color.b - this->b) + this->b;
-  new_color.w = amnt_f * (to_color.w - this->w) + this->w;
+  new_color.r = (uint16_t(this->r) * inv + uint16_t(to_color.r) * amnt) / 255;
+  new_color.g = (uint16_t(this->g) * inv + uint16_t(to_color.g) * amnt) / 255;
+  new_color.b = (uint16_t(this->b) * inv + uint16_t(to_color.b) * amnt) / 255;
+  new_color.w = (uint16_t(this->w) * inv + uint16_t(to_color.w) * amnt) / 255;
   return new_color;
 }
 

From 2255c68377304c81ab75da9fda8b79cbcf5c756c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clyde Stubbs <2366188+clydebarrow@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 28 Feb 2026 06:40:55 +1100
Subject: [PATCH 257/609] [esp32] Enable `execute_from_psram` for P4 (#14329)

---
 esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py          | 13 +++--
 .../config/execute_from_psram_disabled.yaml   | 10 ++++
 .../esp32/config/execute_from_psram_p4.yaml   | 11 ++++
 .../esp32/config/execute_from_psram_s3.yaml   | 12 ++++
 tests/component_tests/esp32/test_esp32.py     | 55 ++++++++++++++++++-
 5 files changed, 95 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/component_tests/esp32/config/execute_from_psram_disabled.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/component_tests/esp32/config/execute_from_psram_p4.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/component_tests/esp32/config/execute_from_psram_s3.yaml

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
index a34747a183..998913ecec 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
@@ -890,10 +890,10 @@ def final_validate(config):
                 )
             )
     if advanced[CONF_EXECUTE_FROM_PSRAM]:
-        if config[CONF_VARIANT] != VARIANT_ESP32S3:
+        if config[CONF_VARIANT] not in {VARIANT_ESP32S3, VARIANT_ESP32P4}:
             errs.append(
                 cv.Invalid(
-                    f"'{CONF_EXECUTE_FROM_PSRAM}' is only supported on {VARIANT_ESP32S3} variant",
+                    f"'{CONF_EXECUTE_FROM_PSRAM}' is not available on this esp32 variant",
                     path=[CONF_FRAMEWORK, CONF_ADVANCED, CONF_EXECUTE_FROM_PSRAM],
                 )
             )
@@ -1627,8 +1627,13 @@ async def to_code(config):
     _configure_lwip_max_sockets(conf)
 
     if advanced[CONF_EXECUTE_FROM_PSRAM]:
-        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_SPIRAM_FETCH_INSTRUCTIONS", True)
-        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_SPIRAM_RODATA", True)
+        if variant == VARIANT_ESP32S3:
+            add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_SPIRAM_FETCH_INSTRUCTIONS", True)
+            add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_SPIRAM_RODATA", True)
+        elif variant == VARIANT_ESP32P4:
+            add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_SPIRAM_XIP_FROM_PSRAM", True)
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("Unhandled ESP32 variant")
 
     # Apply LWIP core locking for better socket performance
     # This is already enabled by default in Arduino framework, where it provides
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/execute_from_psram_disabled.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/execute_from_psram_disabled.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b52255c5ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/execute_from_psram_disabled.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  variant: esp32s3
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+
+psram:
+  mode: octal
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/execute_from_psram_p4.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/execute_from_psram_p4.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e9070a5ae1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/execute_from_psram_p4.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  variant: esp32p4
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+    advanced:
+      execute_from_psram: true
+
+psram:
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/execute_from_psram_s3.yaml b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/execute_from_psram_s3.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aec020ddff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/config/execute_from_psram_s3.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  variant: esp32s3
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+    advanced:
+      execute_from_psram: true
+
+psram:
+  mode: octal
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/test_esp32.py b/tests/component_tests/esp32/test_esp32.py
index 68bd3a5965..bd4f9828ce 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/esp32/test_esp32.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/test_esp32.py
@@ -2,13 +2,17 @@
 Test ESP32 configuration
 """
 
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any
 
 import pytest
 
 from esphome.components.esp32 import VARIANTS
+from esphome.components.esp32.const import KEY_ESP32, KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ESPHOME, PlatformFramework
+from esphome.core import CORE
 from tests.component_tests.types import SetCoreConfigCallable
 
 
@@ -70,7 +74,7 @@ def test_esp32_config(
                     "advanced": {"execute_from_psram": True},
                 },
             },
-            r"'execute_from_psram' is only supported on ESP32S3 variant @ data\['framework'\]\['advanced'\]\['execute_from_psram'\]",
+            r"'execute_from_psram' is not available on this esp32 variant @ data\['framework'\]\['advanced'\]\['execute_from_psram'\]",
             id="execute_from_psram_invalid_for_variant_config",
         ),
         pytest.param(
@@ -82,7 +86,18 @@ def test_esp32_config(
                 },
             },
             r"'execute_from_psram' requires PSRAM to be configured @ data\['framework'\]\['advanced'\]\['execute_from_psram'\]",
-            id="execute_from_psram_requires_psram_config",
+            id="execute_from_psram_requires_psram_s3_config",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            {
+                "variant": "esp32p4",
+                "framework": {
+                    "type": "esp-idf",
+                    "advanced": {"execute_from_psram": True},
+                },
+            },
+            r"'execute_from_psram' requires PSRAM to be configured @ data\['framework'\]\['advanced'\]\['execute_from_psram'\]",
+            id="execute_from_psram_requires_psram_p4_config",
         ),
         pytest.param(
             {
@@ -108,3 +123,39 @@ def test_esp32_configuration_errors(
 
     with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match=error_match):
         FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA(CONFIG_SCHEMA(config))
+
+
+def test_execute_from_psram_s3_sdkconfig(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    """Test that execute_from_psram on ESP32-S3 sets the correct sdkconfig options."""
+    generate_main(component_config_path("execute_from_psram_s3.yaml"))
+    sdkconfig = CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS]
+    assert sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_SPIRAM_FETCH_INSTRUCTIONS") is True
+    assert sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_SPIRAM_RODATA") is True
+    assert "CONFIG_SPIRAM_XIP_FROM_PSRAM" not in sdkconfig
+
+
+def test_execute_from_psram_p4_sdkconfig(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    """Test that execute_from_psram on ESP32-P4 sets the correct sdkconfig options."""
+    generate_main(component_config_path("execute_from_psram_p4.yaml"))
+    sdkconfig = CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS]
+    assert sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_SPIRAM_XIP_FROM_PSRAM") is True
+    assert "CONFIG_SPIRAM_FETCH_INSTRUCTIONS" not in sdkconfig
+    assert "CONFIG_SPIRAM_RODATA" not in sdkconfig
+
+
+def test_execute_from_psram_disabled_sdkconfig(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    """Test that without execute_from_psram, no XIP sdkconfig options are set."""
+    generate_main(component_config_path("execute_from_psram_disabled.yaml"))
+    sdkconfig = CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS]
+    assert "CONFIG_SPIRAM_FETCH_INSTRUCTIONS" not in sdkconfig
+    assert "CONFIG_SPIRAM_RODATA" not in sdkconfig
+    assert "CONFIG_SPIRAM_XIP_FROM_PSRAM" not in sdkconfig

From 32133e2f464ec93c968d44cf97e9e689ac81f1ff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 27 Feb 2026 14:42:20 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 258/609] Bump ruff from 0.15.3 to 0.15.4 (#14357)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 requirements_test.txt | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/requirements_test.txt b/requirements_test.txt
index 88a38ffa99..6b2617b656 100644
--- a/requirements_test.txt
+++ b/requirements_test.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 pylint==4.0.5
 flake8==7.3.0  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
-ruff==0.15.3  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
+ruff==0.15.4  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
 pyupgrade==3.21.2  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
 pre-commit
 

From edd63e3d2d82bfc6585c391ebdae25b0313c91e7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 27 Feb 2026 14:43:10 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 259/609] Bump actions/download-artifact from 7.0.0 to 8.0.0
 (#14327)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml      | 4 ++--
 .github/workflows/release.yml | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index b752701920..4c9e8c58bc 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -945,13 +945,13 @@ jobs:
           python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
           cache-key: ${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
       - name: Download target analysis JSON
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@70fc10c6e5e1ce46ad2ea6f2b72d43f7d47b13c3 # v8.0.0
         with:
           name: memory-analysis-target
           path: ./memory-analysis
         continue-on-error: true
       - name: Download PR analysis JSON
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@70fc10c6e5e1ce46ad2ea6f2b72d43f7d47b13c3 # v8.0.0
         with:
           name: memory-analysis-pr
           path: ./memory-analysis
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release.yml b/.github/workflows/release.yml
index 0cca4dcaf6..17a2616dff 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
 
       - name: Download digests
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@70fc10c6e5e1ce46ad2ea6f2b72d43f7d47b13c3 # v8.0.0
         with:
           pattern: digests-*
           path: /tmp/digests

From 63e757807ee2a522f493bc65dd38ced7f3d601dc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 27 Feb 2026 13:01:09 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 260/609] [zephyr] Use native k_uptime_get() for millis_64()
 (#14350)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/zephyr/core.cpp |  5 ++---
 esphome/core/scheduler.cpp         | 10 +++++-----
 esphome/core/scheduler.h           | 10 +++++-----
 3 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr/core.cpp b/esphome/components/zephyr/core.cpp
index 7f5d6d44fa..f0772a4422 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zephyr/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr/core.cpp
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 #include <zephyr/drivers/watchdog.h>
 #include <zephyr/sys/reboot.h>
 #include <zephyr/random/random.h>
-#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
@@ -17,8 +16,8 @@ static const device *const WDT = DEVICE_DT_GET(DT_ALIAS(watchdog0));
 #endif
 
 void yield() { ::k_yield(); }
-uint32_t millis() { return k_ticks_to_ms_floor32(k_uptime_ticks()); }
-uint64_t millis_64() { return App.scheduler.millis_64_impl_(millis()); }
+uint32_t millis() { return static_cast<uint32_t>(millis_64()); }
+uint64_t millis_64() { return static_cast<uint64_t>(k_uptime_get()); }
 uint32_t micros() { return k_ticks_to_us_floor32(k_uptime_ticks()); }
 void delayMicroseconds(uint32_t us) { ::k_usleep(us); }
 void delay(uint32_t ms) { ::k_msleep(ms); }
diff --git a/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp b/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
index 97735c4876..73b6a6c9b3 100644
--- a/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ static constexpr size_t MAX_POOL_SIZE = 5;
 // Set to 5 to match the pool size - when we have as many cancelled items as our
 // pool can hold, it's time to clean up and recycle them.
 static constexpr uint32_t MAX_LOGICALLY_DELETED_ITEMS = 5;
-#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_HOST)
+#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_HOST) && !defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
 // Half the 32-bit range - used to detect rollovers vs normal time progression
 static constexpr uint32_t HALF_MAX_UINT32 = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max() / 2;
 #endif
@@ -475,12 +475,12 @@ void HOT Scheduler::call(uint32_t now) {
   if (now_64 - last_print > 2000) {
     last_print = now_64;
     std::vector<SchedulerItemPtr> old_items;
-#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_HOST) && defined(ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS)
+#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_HOST) && !defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && defined(ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS)
     const auto last_dbg = this->last_millis_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
     const auto major_dbg = this->millis_major_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Items: count=%zu, pool=%zu, now=%" PRIu64 " (%" PRIu16 ", %" PRIu32 ")", this->items_.size(),
              this->scheduler_item_pool_.size(), now_64, major_dbg, last_dbg);
-#elif !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_HOST)
+#elif !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_HOST) && !defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Items: count=%zu, pool=%zu, now=%" PRIu64 " (%" PRIu16 ", %" PRIu32 ")", this->items_.size(),
              this->scheduler_item_pool_.size(), now_64, this->millis_major_, this->last_millis_);
 #else
@@ -714,7 +714,7 @@ bool HOT Scheduler::cancel_item_locked_(Component *component, NameType name_type
   return total_cancelled > 0;
 }
 
-#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_HOST)
+#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_HOST) && !defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
 uint64_t Scheduler::millis_64_impl_(uint32_t now) {
   // THREAD SAFETY NOTE:
   // This function has three implementations, based on the precompiler flags
@@ -872,7 +872,7 @@ uint64_t Scheduler::millis_64_impl_(uint32_t now) {
     "No platform threading model defined. One of ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE, ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_NO_ATOMICS, or ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS must be defined."
 #endif
 }
-#endif  // !USE_ESP32 && !USE_HOST
+#endif  // !USE_ESP32 && !USE_HOST && !USE_ZEPHYR
 
 bool HOT Scheduler::SchedulerItem::cmp(const SchedulerItemPtr &a, const SchedulerItemPtr &b) {
   // High bits are almost always equal (change only on 32-bit rollover ~49 days)
diff --git a/esphome/core/scheduler.h b/esphome/core/scheduler.h
index 9a62ac1634..282f4c66ef 100644
--- a/esphome/core/scheduler.h
+++ b/esphome/core/scheduler.h
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ class Scheduler {
   // On ESP32, ignores now and uses esp_timer_get_time() directly (native 64-bit).
   // On non-ESP32, extends now to 64-bit using rollover tracking.
   uint64_t millis_64_from_(uint32_t now) {
-#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_HOST)
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_HOST) || defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
     (void) now;
     return millis_64();
 #else
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ class Scheduler {
 #endif
   }
 
-#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_HOST)
+#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_HOST) && !defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
   // On platforms without native 64-bit time, millis_64() HAL function delegates to this
   // method which tracks 32-bit millis() rollover using millis_major_ and last_millis_.
   friend uint64_t millis_64();
@@ -567,8 +567,8 @@ class Scheduler {
   //   to synchronize between tasks (see https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/52)
   std::vector<SchedulerItemPtr> scheduler_item_pool_;
 
-#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_HOST)
-  // On platforms with native 64-bit time (ESP32, Host), no rollover tracking needed.
+#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_HOST) && !defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
+  // On platforms with native 64-bit time (ESP32, Host, Zephyr), no rollover tracking needed.
   // On other platforms, these fields track 32-bit millis() rollover for millis_64_impl_().
 #ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS
   /*
@@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ class Scheduler {
 #else  /* not ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS */
   uint16_t millis_major_{0};
 #endif /* else ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS */
-#endif /* !USE_ESP32 && !USE_HOST */
+#endif /* !USE_ESP32 && !USE_HOST && !USE_ZEPHYR */
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome

From 52af4bced0fdbe0c89a21aa8bb826422467f1936 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 27 Feb 2026 13:01:23 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 261/609] [component] Devirtualize call_dump_config (#14355)

---
 esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.cpp | 6 ------
 esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.h   | 2 --
 esphome/core/application.cpp               | 2 +-
 esphome/core/component.cpp                 | 2 +-
 esphome/core/component.h                   | 2 +-
 5 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.cpp b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.cpp
index 09570106df..f49069960b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.cpp
@@ -405,12 +405,6 @@ void MQTTComponent::process_resend() {
     this->schedule_resend_state();
   }
 }
-void MQTTComponent::call_dump_config() {
-  if (this->is_internal())
-    return;
-
-  this->dump_config();
-}
 void MQTTComponent::schedule_resend_state() { this->resend_state_ = true; }
 bool MQTTComponent::is_connected_() const { return global_mqtt_client->is_connected(); }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.h b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.h
index 853712940a..0ffe6341d3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.h
@@ -98,8 +98,6 @@ class MQTTComponent : public Component {
   /// Override setup_ so that we can call send_discovery() when needed.
   void call_setup() override;
 
-  void call_dump_config() override;
-
   /// Send discovery info the Home Assistant, override this.
   virtual void send_discovery(JsonObject root, SendDiscoveryConfig &config) = 0;
 
diff --git a/esphome/core/application.cpp b/esphome/core/application.cpp
index e27c2cdfc6..b1ece86701 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/application.cpp
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ void Application::process_dump_config_() {
 #endif
   }
 
-  this->components_[this->dump_config_at_]->call_dump_config();
+  this->components_[this->dump_config_at_]->call_dump_config_();
   this->dump_config_at_++;
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/core/component.cpp b/esphome/core/component.cpp
index b4a19a0776..e14fae5e08 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/component.cpp
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ bool Component::cancel_retry(uint32_t id) {
 
 void Component::call_loop_() { this->loop(); }
 void Component::call_setup() { this->setup(); }
-void Component::call_dump_config() {
+void Component::call_dump_config_() {
   this->dump_config();
   if (this->is_failed()) {
     // Look up error message from global vector
diff --git a/esphome/core/component.h b/esphome/core/component.h
index 7ea9fdf3b3..2620e8eb2a 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component.h
+++ b/esphome/core/component.h
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ class Component {
 
   void call_loop_();
   virtual void call_setup();
-  virtual void call_dump_config();
+  void call_dump_config_();
 
   /// Helper to set component state (clears state bits and sets new state)
   void set_component_state_(uint8_t state);

From f6755aabae2fad7ea5c082571502baf281c6d8b8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 27 Feb 2026 15:18:07 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 262/609] [ci] Add PR title format check (#14345)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .github/scripts/auto-label-pr/detectors.js | 42 +++++-------
 .github/scripts/detect-tags.js             | 66 +++++++++++++++++++
 .github/workflows/pr-title-check.yml       | 76 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 157 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/scripts/detect-tags.js
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/pr-title-check.yml

diff --git a/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/detectors.js b/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/detectors.js
index a45a84f219..80d8847bc1 100644
--- a/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/detectors.js
+++ b/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/detectors.js
@@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
 const fs = require('fs');
 const { DOCS_PR_PATTERNS } = require('./constants');
+const {
+  COMPONENT_REGEX,
+  detectComponents,
+  hasCoreChanges,
+  hasDashboardChanges,
+  hasGitHubActionsChanges,
+} = require('../detect-tags');
 
 // Strategy: Merge branch detection
 async function detectMergeBranch(context) {
@@ -20,15 +27,13 @@ async function detectMergeBranch(context) {
 // Strategy: Component and platform labeling
 async function detectComponentPlatforms(changedFiles, apiData) {
   const labels = new Set();
-  const componentRegex = /^esphome\/components\/([^\/]+)\//;
   const targetPlatformRegex = new RegExp(`^esphome\/components\/(${apiData.targetPlatforms.join('|')})/`);
 
-  for (const file of changedFiles) {
-    const componentMatch = file.match(componentRegex);
-    if (componentMatch) {
-      labels.add(`component: ${componentMatch[1]}`);
-    }
+  for (const comp of detectComponents(changedFiles)) {
+    labels.add(`component: ${comp}`);
+  }
 
+  for (const file of changedFiles) {
     const platformMatch = file.match(targetPlatformRegex);
     if (platformMatch) {
       labels.add(`platform: ${platformMatch[1]}`);
@@ -90,15 +95,9 @@ async function detectNewPlatforms(prFiles, apiData) {
 // Strategy: Core files detection
 async function detectCoreChanges(changedFiles) {
   const labels = new Set();
-  const coreFiles = changedFiles.filter(file =>
-    file.startsWith('esphome/core/') ||
-    (file.startsWith('esphome/') && file.split('/').length === 2)
-  );
-
-  if (coreFiles.length > 0) {
+  if (hasCoreChanges(changedFiles)) {
     labels.add('core');
   }
-
   return labels;
 }
 
@@ -131,29 +130,18 @@ async function detectPRSize(prFiles, totalAdditions, totalDeletions, totalChange
 // Strategy: Dashboard changes
 async function detectDashboardChanges(changedFiles) {
   const labels = new Set();
-  const dashboardFiles = changedFiles.filter(file =>
-    file.startsWith('esphome/dashboard/') ||
-    file.startsWith('esphome/components/dashboard_import/')
-  );
-
-  if (dashboardFiles.length > 0) {
+  if (hasDashboardChanges(changedFiles)) {
     labels.add('dashboard');
   }
-
   return labels;
 }
 
 // Strategy: GitHub Actions changes
 async function detectGitHubActionsChanges(changedFiles) {
   const labels = new Set();
-  const githubActionsFiles = changedFiles.filter(file =>
-    file.startsWith('.github/workflows/')
-  );
-
-  if (githubActionsFiles.length > 0) {
+  if (hasGitHubActionsChanges(changedFiles)) {
     labels.add('github-actions');
   }
-
   return labels;
 }
 
@@ -259,7 +247,7 @@ async function detectDeprecatedComponents(github, context, changedFiles) {
   const { owner, repo } = context.repo;
 
   // Compile regex once for better performance
-  const componentFileRegex = /^esphome\/components\/([^\/]+)\//;
+  const componentFileRegex = COMPONENT_REGEX;
 
   // Get files that are modified or added in components directory
   const componentFiles = changedFiles.filter(file => componentFileRegex.test(file));
diff --git a/.github/scripts/detect-tags.js b/.github/scripts/detect-tags.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3933776c61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/scripts/detect-tags.js
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/**
+ * Shared tag detection from changed file paths.
+ * Used by pr-title-check and auto-label-pr workflows.
+ */
+
+const COMPONENT_REGEX = /^esphome\/components\/([^\/]+)\//;
+
+/**
+ * Detect component names from changed files.
+ * @param {string[]} changedFiles - List of changed file paths
+ * @returns {Set<string>} Set of component names
+ */
+function detectComponents(changedFiles) {
+  const components = new Set();
+  for (const file of changedFiles) {
+    const match = file.match(COMPONENT_REGEX);
+    if (match) {
+      components.add(match[1]);
+    }
+  }
+  return components;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Detect if core files were changed.
+ * Core files are in esphome/core/ or top-level esphome/ directory.
+ * @param {string[]} changedFiles - List of changed file paths
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+function hasCoreChanges(changedFiles) {
+  return changedFiles.some(file =>
+    file.startsWith('esphome/core/') ||
+    (file.startsWith('esphome/') && file.split('/').length === 2)
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Detect if dashboard files were changed.
+ * @param {string[]} changedFiles - List of changed file paths
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+function hasDashboardChanges(changedFiles) {
+  return changedFiles.some(file =>
+    file.startsWith('esphome/dashboard/') ||
+    file.startsWith('esphome/components/dashboard_import/')
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Detect if GitHub Actions files were changed.
+ * @param {string[]} changedFiles - List of changed file paths
+ * @returns {boolean}
+ */
+function hasGitHubActionsChanges(changedFiles) {
+  return changedFiles.some(file =>
+    file.startsWith('.github/workflows/')
+  );
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  COMPONENT_REGEX,
+  detectComponents,
+  hasCoreChanges,
+  hasDashboardChanges,
+  hasGitHubActionsChanges,
+};
diff --git a/.github/workflows/pr-title-check.yml b/.github/workflows/pr-title-check.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f23c2c870e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/pr-title-check.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+name: PR Title Check
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    types: [opened, edited, synchronize, reopened]
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  pull-requests: read
+
+jobs:
+  check:
+    name: Validate PR title
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+
+      - uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const {
+              detectComponents,
+              hasCoreChanges,
+              hasDashboardChanges,
+              hasGitHubActionsChanges,
+            } = require('./.github/scripts/detect-tags.js');
+
+            const title = context.payload.pull_request.title;
+
+            // Block titles starting with "word:" or "word(scope):" patterns
+            const commitStylePattern = /^\w+(\(.*?\))?[!]?\s*:/;
+            if (commitStylePattern.test(title)) {
+              core.setFailed(
+                `PR title should not start with a "prefix:" style format.\n` +
+                `Please use the format: [component] Brief description\n` +
+                `Example: [pn532] Add health checking and auto-reset`
+              );
+              return;
+            }
+
+            // Get changed files to detect tags
+            const files = await github.paginate(github.rest.pulls.listFiles, {
+              owner: context.repo.owner,
+              repo: context.repo.repo,
+              pull_number: context.issue.number,
+            });
+            const filenames = files.map(f => f.filename);
+
+            // Detect tags from changed files using shared logic
+            const tags = new Set();
+
+            for (const comp of detectComponents(filenames)) {
+              tags.add(comp);
+            }
+            if (hasCoreChanges(filenames)) tags.add('core');
+            if (hasDashboardChanges(filenames)) tags.add('dashboard');
+            if (hasGitHubActionsChanges(filenames)) tags.add('ci');
+
+            if (tags.size === 0) {
+              return;
+            }
+
+            // Check title starts with [tag] prefix
+            const bracketPattern = /^\[\w+\]/;
+            if (!bracketPattern.test(title)) {
+              const suggestion = [...tags].map(c => `[${c}]`).join('');
+              // Skip if the suggested prefix would be too long for a readable title
+              if (suggestion.length > 40) {
+                return;
+              }
+              core.setFailed(
+                `PR modifies: ${[...tags].join(', ')}\n` +
+                `Title must start with a [tag] prefix.\n` +
+                `Suggested: ${suggestion} <description>`
+              );
+            }

From 280f874edc36ce5127d005a526c5f4537d453f70 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 27 Feb 2026 14:18:02 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 263/609] [rp2040] Use native time_us_64() for millis_64()
 (#14356)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp | 12 ++++++------
 esphome/core/scheduler.cpp         | 11 ++++++-----
 esphome/core/scheduler.h           | 14 +++++++-------
 3 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp b/esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp
index 52c6f1185c..8b86de4be1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp
@@ -3,19 +3,19 @@
 #include "core.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
-#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
+#include "hardware/timer.h"
 #include "hardware/watchdog.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 
 void HOT yield() { ::yield(); }
-uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT millis() { return ::millis(); }
-uint64_t millis_64() { return App.scheduler.millis_64_impl_(::millis()); }
+uint64_t millis_64() { return time_us_64() / 1000ULL; }
+uint32_t HOT millis() { return static_cast<uint32_t>(millis_64()); }
 void HOT delay(uint32_t ms) { ::delay(ms); }
-uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT micros() { return ::micros(); }
-void IRAM_ATTR HOT delayMicroseconds(uint32_t us) { delay_microseconds_safe(us); }
+uint32_t HOT micros() { return ::micros(); }
+void HOT delayMicroseconds(uint32_t us) { delay_microseconds_safe(us); }
 void arch_restart() {
   watchdog_reboot(0, 0, 10);
   while (1) {
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ void HOT arch_feed_wdt() { watchdog_update(); }
 uint8_t progmem_read_byte(const uint8_t *addr) {
   return pgm_read_byte(addr);  // NOLINT
 }
-uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT arch_get_cpu_cycle_count() { return ulMainGetRunTimeCounterValue(); }
+uint32_t HOT arch_get_cpu_cycle_count() { return ulMainGetRunTimeCounterValue(); }
 uint32_t arch_get_cpu_freq_hz() { return RP2040::f_cpu(); }
 
 }  // namespace esphome
diff --git a/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp b/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
index 73b6a6c9b3..2c10e7e2da 100644
--- a/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ static constexpr size_t MAX_POOL_SIZE = 5;
 // Set to 5 to match the pool size - when we have as many cancelled items as our
 // pool can hold, it's time to clean up and recycle them.
 static constexpr uint32_t MAX_LOGICALLY_DELETED_ITEMS = 5;
-#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_HOST) && !defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
+#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_HOST) && !defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && !defined(USE_RP2040)
 // Half the 32-bit range - used to detect rollovers vs normal time progression
 static constexpr uint32_t HALF_MAX_UINT32 = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max() / 2;
 #endif
@@ -475,12 +475,13 @@ void HOT Scheduler::call(uint32_t now) {
   if (now_64 - last_print > 2000) {
     last_print = now_64;
     std::vector<SchedulerItemPtr> old_items;
-#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_HOST) && !defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && defined(ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS)
+#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_HOST) && !defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && !defined(USE_RP2040) && \
+    defined(ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS)
     const auto last_dbg = this->last_millis_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
     const auto major_dbg = this->millis_major_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Items: count=%zu, pool=%zu, now=%" PRIu64 " (%" PRIu16 ", %" PRIu32 ")", this->items_.size(),
              this->scheduler_item_pool_.size(), now_64, major_dbg, last_dbg);
-#elif !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_HOST) && !defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
+#elif !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_HOST) && !defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && !defined(USE_RP2040)
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Items: count=%zu, pool=%zu, now=%" PRIu64 " (%" PRIu16 ", %" PRIu32 ")", this->items_.size(),
              this->scheduler_item_pool_.size(), now_64, this->millis_major_, this->last_millis_);
 #else
@@ -714,7 +715,7 @@ bool HOT Scheduler::cancel_item_locked_(Component *component, NameType name_type
   return total_cancelled > 0;
 }
 
-#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_HOST) && !defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
+#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_HOST) && !defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && !defined(USE_RP2040)
 uint64_t Scheduler::millis_64_impl_(uint32_t now) {
   // THREAD SAFETY NOTE:
   // This function has three implementations, based on the precompiler flags
@@ -872,7 +873,7 @@ uint64_t Scheduler::millis_64_impl_(uint32_t now) {
     "No platform threading model defined. One of ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE, ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_NO_ATOMICS, or ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS must be defined."
 #endif
 }
-#endif  // !USE_ESP32 && !USE_HOST && !USE_ZEPHYR
+#endif  // !USE_ESP32 && !USE_HOST && !USE_ZEPHYR && !USE_RP2040
 
 bool HOT Scheduler::SchedulerItem::cmp(const SchedulerItemPtr &a, const SchedulerItemPtr &b) {
   // High bits are almost always equal (change only on 32-bit rollover ~49 days)
diff --git a/esphome/core/scheduler.h b/esphome/core/scheduler.h
index 282f4c66ef..d52cf5147d 100644
--- a/esphome/core/scheduler.h
+++ b/esphome/core/scheduler.h
@@ -284,10 +284,10 @@ class Scheduler {
   bool cancel_retry_(Component *component, NameType name_type, const char *static_name, uint32_t hash_or_id);
 
   // Extend a 32-bit millis() value to 64-bit. Use when the caller already has a fresh now.
-  // On ESP32, ignores now and uses esp_timer_get_time() directly (native 64-bit).
-  // On non-ESP32, extends now to 64-bit using rollover tracking.
+  // On ESP32, Host, Zephyr, and RP2040, ignores now and uses the native 64-bit time source via millis_64().
+  // On other platforms, extends now to 64-bit using rollover tracking.
   uint64_t millis_64_from_(uint32_t now) {
-#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_HOST) || defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_HOST) || defined(USE_ZEPHYR) || defined(USE_RP2040)
     (void) now;
     return millis_64();
 #else
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ class Scheduler {
 #endif
   }
 
-#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_HOST) && !defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
+#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_HOST) && !defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && !defined(USE_RP2040)
   // On platforms without native 64-bit time, millis_64() HAL function delegates to this
   // method which tracks 32-bit millis() rollover using millis_major_ and last_millis_.
   friend uint64_t millis_64();
@@ -567,8 +567,8 @@ class Scheduler {
   //   to synchronize between tasks (see https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/52)
   std::vector<SchedulerItemPtr> scheduler_item_pool_;
 
-#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_HOST) && !defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
-  // On platforms with native 64-bit time (ESP32, Host, Zephyr), no rollover tracking needed.
+#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_HOST) && !defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && !defined(USE_RP2040)
+  // On platforms with native 64-bit time (ESP32, Host, Zephyr, RP2040), no rollover tracking needed.
   // On other platforms, these fields track 32-bit millis() rollover for millis_64_impl_().
 #ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS
   /*
@@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ class Scheduler {
 #else  /* not ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS */
   uint16_t millis_major_{0};
 #endif /* else ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS */
-#endif /* !USE_ESP32 && !USE_HOST && !USE_ZEPHYR */
+#endif /* !USE_ESP32 && !USE_HOST && !USE_ZEPHYR && !USE_RP2040 */
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome

From bb567827a1e2f67a362d0a385868e438df8b71aa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Laura Wratten <lauraw@canva.com>
Date: Sat, 28 Feb 2026 08:23:32 +1100
Subject: [PATCH 264/609] [sht3xd] Allow sensors that don't support serial
 number read (#14224)

Co-authored-by: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/sht3xd/sht3xd.cpp | 43 ++++++++--------------------
 esphome/components/sht3xd/sht3xd.h   |  9 ------
 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 40 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/sht3xd/sht3xd.cpp b/esphome/components/sht3xd/sht3xd.cpp
index bd3dec6fb8..8050a2d5f9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sht3xd/sht3xd.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sht3xd/sht3xd.cpp
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ static const char *const TAG = "sht3xd";
 // To ensure compatibility, reading serial number using the register with clock stretching register enabled
 // (used originally in this component) is tried first and if that fails the alternate register address
 // with clock stretching disabled is read.
+// If both fail (e.g. some clones don't support the command), we continue so temp/humidity still work.
+// Second attempt uses 10ms delay for boards that need more time before read (max permitted by ESPHome guidelines).
 
 static const uint16_t SHT3XD_COMMAND_READ_SERIAL_NUMBER_CLOCK_STRETCHING = 0x3780;
 static const uint16_t SHT3XD_COMMAND_READ_SERIAL_NUMBER = 0x3682;
@@ -25,49 +27,28 @@ static const uint16_t SHT3XD_COMMAND_POLLING_H = 0x2400;
 static const uint16_t SHT3XD_COMMAND_FETCH_DATA = 0xE000;
 
 void SHT3XDComponent::setup() {
-  uint16_t raw_serial_number[2];
+  uint16_t raw_serial_number[2]{0};
   if (!this->get_register(SHT3XD_COMMAND_READ_SERIAL_NUMBER_CLOCK_STRETCHING, raw_serial_number, 2)) {
-    this->error_code_ = READ_SERIAL_STRETCHED_FAILED;
-    if (!this->get_register(SHT3XD_COMMAND_READ_SERIAL_NUMBER, raw_serial_number, 2)) {
-      this->error_code_ = READ_SERIAL_FAILED;
-      this->mark_failed();
-      return;
+    if (!this->get_register(SHT3XD_COMMAND_READ_SERIAL_NUMBER, raw_serial_number, 2, 10)) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Serial number read failed, continuing without it (clone or non-standard sensor)");
     }
   }
-
   this->serial_number_ = (uint32_t(raw_serial_number[0]) << 16) | uint32_t(raw_serial_number[1]);
 
-  if (!this->write_command(heater_enabled_ ? SHT3XD_COMMAND_HEATER_ENABLE : SHT3XD_COMMAND_HEATER_DISABLE)) {
-    this->error_code_ = WRITE_HEATER_MODE_FAILED;
-    this->mark_failed();
+  if (!this->write_command(this->heater_enabled_ ? SHT3XD_COMMAND_HEATER_ENABLE : SHT3XD_COMMAND_HEATER_DISABLE)) {
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR("Failed to set heater mode"));
     return;
   }
 }
 
 void SHT3XDComponent::dump_config() {
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "SHT3xD:");
-  switch (this->error_code_) {
-    case READ_SERIAL_FAILED:
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Error reading serial number");
-      break;
-    case WRITE_HEATER_MODE_FAILED:
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Error writing heater mode");
-      break;
-    default:
-      break;
-  }
-  if (this->is_failed()) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "  Communication with SHT3xD failed!");
-    return;
-  }
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG,
-           "  Serial Number: 0x%08" PRIX32 "\n"
-           "  Heater Enabled: %s",
-           this->serial_number_, TRUEFALSE(this->heater_enabled_));
-
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "SHT3xD:\n"
+                "  Serial Number: 0x%08" PRIX32 "\n"
+                "  Heater Enabled: %s",
+                this->serial_number_, TRUEFALSE(this->heater_enabled_));
   LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this);
   LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
-
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Temperature", this->temperature_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Humidity", this->humidity_sensor_);
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/sht3xd/sht3xd.h b/esphome/components/sht3xd/sht3xd.h
index 43f1a4d8e2..54514d6de7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sht3xd/sht3xd.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sht3xd/sht3xd.h
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensirion_common/i2c_sensirion.h"
 
-#include <cinttypes>
-
 namespace esphome {
 namespace sht3xd {
 
@@ -21,13 +19,6 @@ class SHT3XDComponent : public PollingComponent, public sensirion_common::Sensir
   void set_heater_enabled(bool heater_enabled) { heater_enabled_ = heater_enabled; }
 
  protected:
-  enum ErrorCode {
-    NONE = 0,
-    READ_SERIAL_STRETCHED_FAILED,
-    READ_SERIAL_FAILED,
-    WRITE_HEATER_MODE_FAILED,
-  } error_code_{NONE};
-
   sensor::Sensor *temperature_sensor_{nullptr};
   sensor::Sensor *humidity_sensor_{nullptr};
   bool heater_enabled_{true};

From 5e3857abf7dded7d731cdd5663b23ca0edb6491f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 27 Feb 2026 16:25:36 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 265/609] Bump click from 8.1.7 to 8.3.1 (#11955)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 requirements.txt | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index 95e3710f9e..f111e05a9d 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ tzdata>=2021.1  # from time
 pyserial==3.5
 platformio==6.1.19
 esptool==5.2.0
-click==8.1.7
+click==8.3.1
 esphome-dashboard==20260210.0
 aioesphomeapi==44.2.0
 zeroconf==0.148.0

From b9d70dcda2d5ff6bad34c6c72ae12f5c9b9cd6e6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Martin Ebner <185941678+mebner86@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 28 Feb 2026 03:11:28 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 266/609] [sen6x] Add SEN6x sensor support (#12553)

Co-authored-by: Martin Ebner <martinebner@me.com>
Co-authored-by: Tobias Stanzel <tobi.stanzel@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Big Mike <mike@bigmike.land>
Co-authored-by: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 CODEOWNERS                                   |   1 +
 esphome/components/sen6x/__init__.py         |   0
 esphome/components/sen6x/sen6x.cpp           | 376 +++++++++++++++++++
 esphome/components/sen6x/sen6x.h             |  43 +++
 esphome/components/sen6x/sensor.py           | 149 ++++++++
 tests/components/sen6x/common.yaml           |  37 ++
 tests/components/sen6x/test.esp32-idf.yaml   |   4 +
 tests/components/sen6x/test.esp8266-ard.yaml |   4 +
 tests/components/sen6x/test.rp2040-ard.yaml  |   4 +
 9 files changed, 618 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/sen6x/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/sen6x/sen6x.cpp
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/sen6x/sen6x.h
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/sen6x/sensor.py
 create mode 100644 tests/components/sen6x/common.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/components/sen6x/test.esp32-idf.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/components/sen6x/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/components/sen6x/test.rp2040-ard.yaml

diff --git a/CODEOWNERS b/CODEOWNERS
index 6728e76bba..4c97b7f99d 100644
--- a/CODEOWNERS
+++ b/CODEOWNERS
@@ -429,6 +429,7 @@ esphome/components/select/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/sen0321/* @notjj
 esphome/components/sen21231/* @shreyaskarnik
 esphome/components/sen5x/* @martgras
+esphome/components/sen6x/* @martgras @mebner86 @mikelawrence @tuct
 esphome/components/sensirion_common/* @martgras
 esphome/components/sensor/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/sfa30/* @ghsensdev
diff --git a/esphome/components/sen6x/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sen6x/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/esphome/components/sen6x/sen6x.cpp b/esphome/components/sen6x/sen6x.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..baaadd6463
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/sen6x/sen6x.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,376 @@
+#include "sen6x.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include <cmath>
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
+
+namespace esphome::sen6x {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "sen6x";
+
+static constexpr uint16_t SEN6X_CMD_GET_DATA_READY_STATUS = 0x0202;
+static constexpr uint16_t SEN6X_CMD_GET_FIRMWARE_VERSION = 0xD100;
+static constexpr uint16_t SEN6X_CMD_GET_PRODUCT_NAME = 0xD014;
+static constexpr uint16_t SEN6X_CMD_GET_SERIAL_NUMBER = 0xD033;
+
+static constexpr uint16_t SEN6X_CMD_READ_MEASUREMENT = 0x0300;  // SEN66 only!
+static constexpr uint16_t SEN6X_CMD_READ_MEASUREMENT_SEN62 = 0x04A3;
+static constexpr uint16_t SEN6X_CMD_READ_MEASUREMENT_SEN63C = 0x0471;
+static constexpr uint16_t SEN6X_CMD_READ_MEASUREMENT_SEN65 = 0x0446;
+static constexpr uint16_t SEN6X_CMD_READ_MEASUREMENT_SEN68 = 0x0467;
+static constexpr uint16_t SEN6X_CMD_READ_MEASUREMENT_SEN69C = 0x04B5;
+
+static constexpr uint16_t SEN6X_CMD_START_MEASUREMENTS = 0x0021;
+static constexpr uint16_t SEN6X_CMD_RESET = 0xD304;
+
+static inline void set_read_command_and_words(SEN6XComponent::Sen6xType type, uint16_t &read_cmd, uint8_t &read_words) {
+  read_cmd = SEN6X_CMD_READ_MEASUREMENT;
+  read_words = 9;
+  switch (type) {
+    case SEN6XComponent::SEN62:
+      read_cmd = SEN6X_CMD_READ_MEASUREMENT_SEN62;
+      read_words = 6;
+      break;
+    case SEN6XComponent::SEN63C:
+      read_cmd = SEN6X_CMD_READ_MEASUREMENT_SEN63C;
+      read_words = 7;
+      break;
+    case SEN6XComponent::SEN65:
+      read_cmd = SEN6X_CMD_READ_MEASUREMENT_SEN65;
+      read_words = 8;
+      break;
+    case SEN6XComponent::SEN66:
+      read_cmd = SEN6X_CMD_READ_MEASUREMENT;
+      read_words = 9;
+      break;
+    case SEN6XComponent::SEN68:
+      read_cmd = SEN6X_CMD_READ_MEASUREMENT_SEN68;
+      read_words = 9;
+      break;
+    case SEN6XComponent::SEN69C:
+      read_cmd = SEN6X_CMD_READ_MEASUREMENT_SEN69C;
+      read_words = 10;
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void SEN6XComponent::setup() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Setting up sen6x...");
+
+  // the sensor needs 100 ms to enter the idle state
+  this->set_timeout(100, [this]() {
+    // Reset the sensor to ensure a clean state regardless of prior commands or power issues
+    if (!this->write_command(SEN6X_CMD_RESET)) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL);
+      this->mark_failed(LOG_STR(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL));
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // After reset the sensor needs 100 ms to become ready
+    this->set_timeout(100, [this]() {
+      // Step 1: Read serial number (~25ms with I2C delay)
+      uint16_t raw_serial_number[16];
+      if (!this->get_register(SEN6X_CMD_GET_SERIAL_NUMBER, raw_serial_number, 16, 20)) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL);
+        this->mark_failed(LOG_STR(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL));
+        return;
+      }
+      this->serial_number_ = SEN6XComponent::sensirion_convert_to_string_in_place(raw_serial_number, 16);
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Serial number: %s", this->serial_number_.c_str());
+
+      // Step 2: Read product name in next loop iteration
+      this->set_timeout(0, [this]() {
+        uint16_t raw_product_name[16];
+        if (!this->get_register(SEN6X_CMD_GET_PRODUCT_NAME, raw_product_name, 16, 20)) {
+          ESP_LOGE(TAG, ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL);
+          this->mark_failed(LOG_STR(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL));
+          return;
+        }
+
+        this->product_name_ = SEN6XComponent::sensirion_convert_to_string_in_place(raw_product_name, 16);
+
+        Sen6xType inferred_type = this->infer_type_from_product_name_(this->product_name_);
+        if (this->sen6x_type_ == UNKNOWN) {
+          this->sen6x_type_ = inferred_type;
+          if (inferred_type == UNKNOWN) {
+            ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unknown product '%s'", this->product_name_.c_str());
+            this->mark_failed();
+            return;
+          }
+          ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Type inferred from product: %s", this->product_name_.c_str());
+        } else if (this->sen6x_type_ != inferred_type && inferred_type != UNKNOWN) {
+          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Configured type (used) mismatches product '%s'", this->product_name_.c_str());
+        }
+        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Product: %s", this->product_name_.c_str());
+
+        // Validate configured sensors against detected type and disable unsupported ones
+        const bool has_voc_nox = (this->sen6x_type_ == SEN65 || this->sen6x_type_ == SEN66 ||
+                                  this->sen6x_type_ == SEN68 || this->sen6x_type_ == SEN69C);
+        const bool has_co2 = (this->sen6x_type_ == SEN63C || this->sen6x_type_ == SEN66 || this->sen6x_type_ == SEN69C);
+        const bool has_hcho = (this->sen6x_type_ == SEN68 || this->sen6x_type_ == SEN69C);
+        if (this->voc_sensor_ && !has_voc_nox) {
+          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "VOC requires SEN65, SEN66, SEN68, or SEN69C");
+          this->voc_sensor_ = nullptr;
+        }
+        if (this->nox_sensor_ && !has_voc_nox) {
+          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "NOx requires SEN65, SEN66, SEN68, or SEN69C");
+          this->nox_sensor_ = nullptr;
+        }
+        if (this->co2_sensor_ && !has_co2) {
+          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "CO2 requires SEN63C, SEN66, or SEN69C");
+          this->co2_sensor_ = nullptr;
+        }
+        if (this->hcho_sensor_ && !has_hcho) {
+          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Formaldehyde requires SEN68 or SEN69C");
+          this->hcho_sensor_ = nullptr;
+        }
+
+        // Step 3: Read firmware version and start measurements in next loop iteration
+        this->set_timeout(0, [this]() {
+          uint16_t raw_firmware_version = 0;
+          if (!this->get_register(SEN6X_CMD_GET_FIRMWARE_VERSION, raw_firmware_version, 20)) {
+            ESP_LOGE(TAG, ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL);
+            this->mark_failed(LOG_STR(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL));
+            return;
+          }
+          this->firmware_version_major_ = (raw_firmware_version >> 8) & 0xFF;
+          this->firmware_version_minor_ = raw_firmware_version & 0xFF;
+          ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Firmware: %u.%u", this->firmware_version_major_, this->firmware_version_minor_);
+
+          if (!this->write_command(SEN6X_CMD_START_MEASUREMENTS)) {
+            ESP_LOGE(TAG, ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL);
+            this->mark_failed(LOG_STR(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL));
+            return;
+          }
+
+          this->set_timeout(60000, [this]() { this->startup_complete_ = true; });
+          this->initialized_ = true;
+          ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Initialized");
+        });
+      });
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+void SEN6XComponent::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "sen6x:\n"
+                "  Product: %s\n"
+                "  Serial: %s\n"
+                "  Firmware: %u.%u\n"
+                "  Address: 0x%02X",
+                this->product_name_.c_str(), this->serial_number_.c_str(), this->firmware_version_major_,
+                this->firmware_version_minor_, this->address_);
+  LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "PM  1.0", this->pm_1_0_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "PM  2.5", this->pm_2_5_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "PM  4.0", this->pm_4_0_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "PM 10.0", this->pm_10_0_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Temperature", this->temperature_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Humidity", this->humidity_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "VOC", this->voc_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "NOx", this->nox_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "HCHO", this->hcho_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "CO2", this->co2_sensor_);
+}
+
+void SEN6XComponent::update() {
+  if (!this->initialized_) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  uint16_t read_cmd;
+  uint8_t read_words;
+  set_read_command_and_words(this->sen6x_type_, read_cmd, read_words);
+
+  const uint8_t poll_retries = 24;
+  auto poll_ready = std::make_shared<std::function<void(uint8_t)>>();
+  *poll_ready = [this, poll_ready, read_cmd, read_words](uint8_t retries_left) {
+    const uint8_t attempt = static_cast<uint8_t>(poll_retries - retries_left + 1);
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Data ready polling attempt %u", attempt);
+
+    if (!this->write_command(SEN6X_CMD_GET_DATA_READY_STATUS)) {
+      this->status_set_warning();
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "write data ready status error (%d)", this->last_error_);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this->set_timeout(20, [this, poll_ready, retries_left, read_cmd, read_words]() {
+      uint16_t raw_read_status;
+      if (!this->read_data(&raw_read_status, 1)) {
+        this->status_set_warning();
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "read data ready status error (%d)", this->last_error_);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if ((raw_read_status & 0x0001) == 0) {
+        if (retries_left == 0) {
+          this->status_set_warning();
+          ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Data not ready");
+          return;
+        }
+        this->set_timeout(50, [poll_ready, retries_left]() { (*poll_ready)(retries_left - 1); });
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (!this->write_command(read_cmd)) {
+        this->status_set_warning();
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Read measurement failed (%d)", this->last_error_);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      this->set_timeout(20, [this, read_words]() {
+        uint16_t measurements[10];
+
+        if (!this->read_data(measurements, read_words)) {
+          this->status_set_warning();
+          ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Read data failed (%d)", this->last_error_);
+          return;
+        }
+        int8_t voc_index = -1;
+        int8_t nox_index = -1;
+        int8_t hcho_index = -1;
+        int8_t co2_index = -1;
+        bool co2_uint16 = false;
+        switch (this->sen6x_type_) {
+          case SEN62:
+            break;
+          case SEN63C:
+            co2_index = 6;
+            break;
+          case SEN65:
+            voc_index = 6;
+            nox_index = 7;
+            break;
+          case SEN66:
+            voc_index = 6;
+            nox_index = 7;
+            co2_index = 8;
+            co2_uint16 = true;
+            break;
+          case SEN68:
+            voc_index = 6;
+            nox_index = 7;
+            hcho_index = 8;
+            break;
+          case SEN69C:
+            voc_index = 6;
+            nox_index = 7;
+            hcho_index = 8;
+            co2_index = 9;
+            break;
+          default:
+            break;
+        }
+
+        float pm_1_0 = measurements[0] / 10.0f;
+        if (measurements[0] == 0xFFFF)
+          pm_1_0 = NAN;
+        float pm_2_5 = measurements[1] / 10.0f;
+        if (measurements[1] == 0xFFFF)
+          pm_2_5 = NAN;
+        float pm_4_0 = measurements[2] / 10.0f;
+        if (measurements[2] == 0xFFFF)
+          pm_4_0 = NAN;
+        float pm_10_0 = measurements[3] / 10.0f;
+        if (measurements[3] == 0xFFFF)
+          pm_10_0 = NAN;
+        float humidity = static_cast<int16_t>(measurements[4]) / 100.0f;
+        if (measurements[4] == 0x7FFF)
+          humidity = NAN;
+        float temperature = static_cast<int16_t>(measurements[5]) / 200.0f;
+        if (measurements[5] == 0x7FFF)
+          temperature = NAN;
+
+        float voc = NAN;
+        float nox = NAN;
+        float hcho = NAN;
+        float co2 = NAN;
+
+        if (voc_index >= 0) {
+          voc = static_cast<int16_t>(measurements[voc_index]) / 10.0f;
+          if (measurements[voc_index] == 0x7FFF)
+            voc = NAN;
+        }
+        if (nox_index >= 0) {
+          nox = static_cast<int16_t>(measurements[nox_index]) / 10.0f;
+          if (measurements[nox_index] == 0x7FFF)
+            nox = NAN;
+        }
+
+        if (hcho_index >= 0) {
+          const uint16_t hcho_raw = measurements[hcho_index];
+          hcho = hcho_raw / 10.0f;
+          if (hcho_raw == 0xFFFF)
+            hcho = NAN;
+        }
+
+        if (co2_index >= 0) {
+          if (co2_uint16) {
+            const uint16_t co2_raw = measurements[co2_index];
+            co2 = static_cast<float>(co2_raw);
+            if (co2_raw == 0xFFFF)
+              co2 = NAN;
+          } else {
+            const int16_t co2_raw = static_cast<int16_t>(measurements[co2_index]);
+            co2 = static_cast<float>(co2_raw);
+            if (co2_raw == 0x7FFF)
+              co2 = NAN;
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (!this->startup_complete_) {
+          ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Startup delay, ignoring values");
+          this->status_clear_warning();
+          return;
+        }
+
+        if (this->pm_1_0_sensor_ != nullptr)
+          this->pm_1_0_sensor_->publish_state(pm_1_0);
+        if (this->pm_2_5_sensor_ != nullptr)
+          this->pm_2_5_sensor_->publish_state(pm_2_5);
+        if (this->pm_4_0_sensor_ != nullptr)
+          this->pm_4_0_sensor_->publish_state(pm_4_0);
+        if (this->pm_10_0_sensor_ != nullptr)
+          this->pm_10_0_sensor_->publish_state(pm_10_0);
+        if (this->temperature_sensor_ != nullptr)
+          this->temperature_sensor_->publish_state(temperature);
+        if (this->humidity_sensor_ != nullptr)
+          this->humidity_sensor_->publish_state(humidity);
+        if (this->voc_sensor_ != nullptr)
+          this->voc_sensor_->publish_state(voc);
+        if (this->nox_sensor_ != nullptr)
+          this->nox_sensor_->publish_state(nox);
+        if (this->hcho_sensor_ != nullptr)
+          this->hcho_sensor_->publish_state(hcho);
+        if (this->co2_sensor_ != nullptr)
+          this->co2_sensor_->publish_state(co2);
+
+        this->status_clear_warning();
+      });
+    });
+  };
+
+  (*poll_ready)(poll_retries);
+}
+
+SEN6XComponent::Sen6xType SEN6XComponent::infer_type_from_product_name_(const std::string &product_name) {
+  if (product_name == "SEN62")
+    return SEN62;
+  if (product_name == "SEN63C")
+    return SEN63C;
+  if (product_name == "SEN65")
+    return SEN65;
+  if (product_name == "SEN66")
+    return SEN66;
+  if (product_name == "SEN68")
+    return SEN68;
+  if (product_name == "SEN69C")
+    return SEN69C;
+  return UNKNOWN;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::sen6x
diff --git a/esphome/components/sen6x/sen6x.h b/esphome/components/sen6x/sen6x.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..01e89dce1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/sen6x/sen6x.h
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
+#include "esphome/components/sensirion_common/i2c_sensirion.h"
+
+namespace esphome::sen6x {
+
+class SEN6XComponent : public PollingComponent, public sensirion_common::SensirionI2CDevice {
+  SUB_SENSOR(pm_1_0)
+  SUB_SENSOR(pm_2_5)
+  SUB_SENSOR(pm_4_0)
+  SUB_SENSOR(pm_10_0)
+  SUB_SENSOR(temperature)
+  SUB_SENSOR(humidity)
+  SUB_SENSOR(voc)
+  SUB_SENSOR(nox)
+  SUB_SENSOR(co2)
+  SUB_SENSOR(hcho)
+
+ public:
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::DATA; }
+  void setup() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  void update() override;
+
+  enum Sen6xType { SEN62, SEN63C, SEN65, SEN66, SEN68, SEN69C, UNKNOWN };
+
+  void set_type(const std::string &type) { sen6x_type_ = infer_type_from_product_name_(type); }
+
+ protected:
+  Sen6xType infer_type_from_product_name_(const std::string &product_name);
+
+  bool initialized_{false};
+  std::string product_name_;
+  Sen6xType sen6x_type_{UNKNOWN};
+  std::string serial_number_;
+  uint8_t firmware_version_major_{0};
+  uint8_t firmware_version_minor_{0};
+  bool startup_complete_{false};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::sen6x
diff --git a/esphome/components/sen6x/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sen6x/sensor.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..071478e719
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/sen6x/sensor.py
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import i2c, sensirion_common, sensor
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_CO2,
+    CONF_FORMALDEHYDE,
+    CONF_HUMIDITY,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_NOX,
+    CONF_PM_1_0,
+    CONF_PM_2_5,
+    CONF_PM_4_0,
+    CONF_PM_10_0,
+    CONF_TEMPERATURE,
+    CONF_TYPE,
+    CONF_VOC,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_AQI,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_CARBON_DIOXIDE,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_HUMIDITY,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_PM1,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_PM10,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_PM25,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
+    ICON_CHEMICAL_WEAPON,
+    ICON_MOLECULE_CO2,
+    ICON_RADIATOR,
+    ICON_THERMOMETER,
+    ICON_WATER_PERCENT,
+    STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+    UNIT_CELSIUS,
+    UNIT_MICROGRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
+    UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
+    UNIT_PERCENT,
+)
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@martgras", "@mebner86", "@mikelawrence", "@tuct"]
+DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["sensirion_common"]
+
+sen6x_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("sen6x")
+SEN6XComponent = sen6x_ns.class_(
+    "SEN6XComponent", cg.PollingComponent, sensirion_common.SensirionI2CDevice
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(SEN6XComponent),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TYPE): cv.one_of(
+                "SEN62", "SEN63C", "SEN65", "SEN66", "SEN68", "SEN69C", upper=True
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PM_1_0): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                unit_of_measurement=UNIT_MICROGRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
+                icon=ICON_CHEMICAL_WEAPON,
+                accuracy_decimals=2,
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_PM1,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PM_2_5): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                unit_of_measurement=UNIT_MICROGRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
+                icon=ICON_CHEMICAL_WEAPON,
+                accuracy_decimals=2,
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_PM25,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PM_4_0): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                unit_of_measurement=UNIT_MICROGRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
+                icon=ICON_CHEMICAL_WEAPON,
+                accuracy_decimals=2,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PM_10_0): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                unit_of_measurement=UNIT_MICROGRAMS_PER_CUBIC_METER,
+                icon=ICON_CHEMICAL_WEAPON,
+                accuracy_decimals=2,
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_PM10,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TEMPERATURE): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                unit_of_measurement=UNIT_CELSIUS,
+                icon=ICON_THERMOMETER,
+                accuracy_decimals=2,
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_HUMIDITY): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PERCENT,
+                icon=ICON_WATER_PERCENT,
+                accuracy_decimals=2,
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_HUMIDITY,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_VOC): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                icon=ICON_RADIATOR,
+                accuracy_decimals=0,
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_AQI,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_NOX): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                icon=ICON_RADIATOR,
+                accuracy_decimals=0,
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_AQI,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_CO2): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
+                icon=ICON_MOLECULE_CO2,
+                accuracy_decimals=0,
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_CARBON_DIOXIDE,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_FORMALDEHYDE): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                unit_of_measurement="ppb",
+                icon=ICON_RADIATOR,
+                accuracy_decimals=0,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            ),
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
+    .extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x6B))
+)
+
+SENSOR_MAP = {
+    CONF_PM_1_0: "set_pm_1_0_sensor",
+    CONF_PM_2_5: "set_pm_2_5_sensor",
+    CONF_PM_4_0: "set_pm_4_0_sensor",
+    CONF_PM_10_0: "set_pm_10_0_sensor",
+    CONF_TEMPERATURE: "set_temperature_sensor",
+    CONF_HUMIDITY: "set_humidity_sensor",
+    CONF_VOC: "set_voc_sensor",
+    CONF_NOX: "set_nox_sensor",
+    CONF_CO2: "set_co2_sensor",
+    CONF_FORMALDEHYDE: "set_hcho_sensor",
+}
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
+
+    if CONF_TYPE in config:
+        cg.add(var.set_type(config[CONF_TYPE]))
+
+    for key, func_name in SENSOR_MAP.items():
+        if cfg := config.get(key):
+            sens = await sensor.new_sensor(cfg)
+            cg.add(getattr(var, func_name)(sens))
diff --git a/tests/components/sen6x/common.yaml b/tests/components/sen6x/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fdb8a485e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/sen6x/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+sensor:
+  # Test with explicit type parameter
+  - platform: sen6x
+    id: sen6x_sensor
+    type: SEN69C
+    i2c_id: i2c_bus
+    temperature:
+      name: Temperature
+      accuracy_decimals: 1
+    humidity:
+      name: Humidity
+      accuracy_decimals: 0
+    pm_1_0:
+      name: PM <1µm Weight concentration
+      id: pm_1_0
+      accuracy_decimals: 1
+    pm_2_5:
+      name: PM <2.5µm Weight concentration
+      id: pm_2_5
+      accuracy_decimals: 1
+    pm_4_0:
+      name: PM <4µm Weight concentration
+      id: pm_4_0
+      accuracy_decimals: 1
+    pm_10_0:
+      name: PM <10µm Weight concentration
+      id: pm_10_0
+      accuracy_decimals: 1
+    nox:
+      name: NOx
+    voc:
+      name: VOC
+    co2:
+      name: Carbon Dioxide
+    formaldehyde:
+      name: Formaldehyde
+    address: 0x6B
diff --git a/tests/components/sen6x/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/sen6x/test.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b47e39c389
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/sen6x/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/sen6x/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/sen6x/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4a98b9388a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/sen6x/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/esp8266-ard.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/sen6x/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/sen6x/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..319a7c71a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/sen6x/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  i2c: !include ../../test_build_components/common/i2c/rp2040-ard.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml

From 5c56b99742a12cfde9cbeb0f91641db96cd132d7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 27 Feb 2026 16:19:11 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 267/609] [ci] Fix C++ unit tests missing time component
 dependency (#14364)

---
 script/cpp_unit_test.py | 8 ++++++--
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/script/cpp_unit_test.py b/script/cpp_unit_test.py
index 78b65092ae..02b133060a 100755
--- a/script/cpp_unit_test.py
+++ b/script/cpp_unit_test.py
@@ -98,8 +98,12 @@ def run_tests(selected_components: list[str]) -> int:
 
     components = sorted(components)
 
-    # Obtain possible dependencies for the requested components:
-    components_with_dependencies = sorted(get_all_dependencies(set(components)))
+    # Obtain possible dependencies for the requested components.
+    # Always include 'time' because USE_TIME_TIMEZONE is defined as a build flag,
+    # which causes core/time.h to include components/time/posix_tz.h.
+    components_with_dependencies = sorted(
+        get_all_dependencies(set(components) | {"time"})
+    )
 
     # Build a list of include folders, one folder per component containing tests.
     # A special replacement main.cpp is located in /tests/components/main.cpp

From 298ee7b92e4d0a1ad17fcd3995a689deadcb890f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 27 Feb 2026 19:08:42 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 268/609] [gps] Fix codegen deadlock when automations reference
 sibling sensors (#14365)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/gps/__init__.py | 44 ++++++++++++------------------
 tests/components/gps/common.yaml   |  7 +++++
 2 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/gps/__init__.py b/esphome/components/gps/__init__.py
index 2135189bd5..045a5a6c84 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gps/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gps/__init__.py
@@ -98,33 +98,25 @@ async def to_code(config):
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
 
-    if latitude_config := config.get(CONF_LATITUDE):
-        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(latitude_config)
-        cg.add(var.set_latitude_sensor(sens))
+    # Pre-create all sensor variables so automations that reference
+    # sibling sensors don't deadlock waiting for unregistered IDs.
+    sensors = [
+        (cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_ID]), conf, setter)
+        for key, setter in (
+            (CONF_LATITUDE, "set_latitude_sensor"),
+            (CONF_LONGITUDE, "set_longitude_sensor"),
+            (CONF_SPEED, "set_speed_sensor"),
+            (CONF_COURSE, "set_course_sensor"),
+            (CONF_ALTITUDE, "set_altitude_sensor"),
+            (CONF_SATELLITES, "set_satellites_sensor"),
+            (CONF_HDOP, "set_hdop_sensor"),
+        )
+        if (conf := config.get(key))
+    ]
 
-    if longitude_config := config.get(CONF_LONGITUDE):
-        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(longitude_config)
-        cg.add(var.set_longitude_sensor(sens))
-
-    if speed_config := config.get(CONF_SPEED):
-        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(speed_config)
-        cg.add(var.set_speed_sensor(sens))
-
-    if course_config := config.get(CONF_COURSE):
-        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(course_config)
-        cg.add(var.set_course_sensor(sens))
-
-    if altitude_config := config.get(CONF_ALTITUDE):
-        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(altitude_config)
-        cg.add(var.set_altitude_sensor(sens))
-
-    if satellites_config := config.get(CONF_SATELLITES):
-        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(satellites_config)
-        cg.add(var.set_satellites_sensor(sens))
-
-    if hdop_config := config.get(CONF_HDOP):
-        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(hdop_config)
-        cg.add(var.set_hdop_sensor(sens))
+    for sens, conf, setter in sensors:
+        await sensor.register_sensor(sens, conf)
+        cg.add(getattr(var, setter)(sens))
 
     # https://platformio.org/lib/show/1655/TinyGPSPlus
     # Using fork of TinyGPSPlus patched to build on ESP-IDF
diff --git a/tests/components/gps/common.yaml b/tests/components/gps/common.yaml
index a99e3ef7e0..568f2cc7c7 100644
--- a/tests/components/gps/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/gps/common.yaml
@@ -1,8 +1,15 @@
 gps:
   latitude:
     name: "Latitude"
+    id: gps_lat
+    on_value:
+      then:
+        - logger.log:
+            format: "%.6f, %.6f"
+            args: [id(gps_lat).state, id(gps_long).state]
   longitude:
     name: "Longitude"
+    id: gps_long
   altitude:
     name: "Altitude"
   speed:

From d1b481319773a38d4a24cae0a4e7c86ea0ab1908 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ryan Wagoner <8441200+rwagoner@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 27 Feb 2026 19:20:13 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 269/609] [web_server] Add climate preset, fan mode, and
 humidity support (#14061)

---
 esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp | 12 +++++++++---
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
index 16674321c9..4824e33dcd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
@@ -1490,6 +1490,7 @@ void WebServer::handle_climate_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const Url
     parse_string_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("mode"), call, &decltype(call)::set_mode);
     parse_string_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("fan_mode"), call, &decltype(call)::set_fan_mode);
     parse_string_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("swing_mode"), call, &decltype(call)::set_swing_mode);
+    parse_string_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("preset"), call, &decltype(call)::set_preset);
 
     // Parse temperature parameters
     // static_cast needed to disambiguate overloaded setters (float vs optional<float>)
@@ -1530,7 +1531,7 @@ json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::climate_json_(climate::Climate *obj, Json
     JsonArray opt = root[ESPHOME_F("modes")].to<JsonArray>();
     for (climate::ClimateMode m : traits.get_supported_modes())
       opt.add(PSTR_LOCAL(climate::climate_mode_to_string(m)));
-    if (!traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes().empty()) {
+    if (traits.get_supports_fan_modes()) {
       JsonArray opt = root[ESPHOME_F("fan_modes")].to<JsonArray>();
       for (climate::ClimateFanMode m : traits.get_supported_fan_modes())
         opt.add(PSTR_LOCAL(climate::climate_fan_mode_to_string(m)));
@@ -1546,12 +1547,12 @@ json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::climate_json_(climate::Climate *obj, Json
       for (auto swing_mode : traits.get_supported_swing_modes())
         opt.add(PSTR_LOCAL(climate::climate_swing_mode_to_string(swing_mode)));
     }
-    if (traits.get_supports_presets() && obj->preset.has_value()) {
+    if (traits.get_supports_presets()) {
       JsonArray opt = root[ESPHOME_F("presets")].to<JsonArray>();
       for (climate::ClimatePreset m : traits.get_supported_presets())
         opt.add(PSTR_LOCAL(climate::climate_preset_to_string(m)));
     }
-    if (!traits.get_supported_custom_presets().empty() && obj->has_custom_preset()) {
+    if (!traits.get_supported_custom_presets().empty()) {
       JsonArray opt = root[ESPHOME_F("custom_presets")].to<JsonArray>();
       for (auto const &custom_preset : traits.get_supported_custom_presets())
         opt.add(custom_preset);
@@ -1592,6 +1593,11 @@ json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::climate_json_(climate::Climate *obj, Json
             ? "NA"
             : (value_accuracy_to_buf(temp_buf, obj->current_temperature, current_accuracy), temp_buf);
   }
+  if (traits.has_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_CURRENT_HUMIDITY)) {
+    root[ESPHOME_F("current_humidity")] = std::isnan(obj->current_humidity)
+                                              ? "NA"
+                                              : (value_accuracy_to_buf(temp_buf, obj->current_humidity, 0), temp_buf);
+  }
   if (traits.has_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_TWO_POINT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE |
                                climate::CLIMATE_REQUIRES_TWO_POINT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE)) {
     root[ESPHOME_F("target_temperature_low")] =

From e7d4f2608b20d4a7f1c2ea0bd99c8c25cd04e6a3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 27 Feb 2026 16:01:17 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 270/609] [sen6x] Fix test sensor ID collisions with sen5x
 (#14367)

---
 tests/components/sen6x/common.yaml | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/components/sen6x/common.yaml b/tests/components/sen6x/common.yaml
index fdb8a485e2..61ff9f1e0c 100644
--- a/tests/components/sen6x/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/sen6x/common.yaml
@@ -12,19 +12,19 @@ sensor:
       accuracy_decimals: 0
     pm_1_0:
       name: PM <1µm Weight concentration
-      id: pm_1_0
+      id: sen6x_pm_1_0
       accuracy_decimals: 1
     pm_2_5:
       name: PM <2.5µm Weight concentration
-      id: pm_2_5
+      id: sen6x_pm_2_5
       accuracy_decimals: 1
     pm_4_0:
       name: PM <4µm Weight concentration
-      id: pm_4_0
+      id: sen6x_pm_4_0
       accuracy_decimals: 1
     pm_10_0:
       name: PM <10µm Weight concentration
-      id: pm_10_0
+      id: sen6x_pm_10_0
       accuracy_decimals: 1
     nox:
       name: NOx

From 8480e8df9f0b834ebeb2694b30e15eede8b716a3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 27 Feb 2026 17:27:51 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 271/609] [uart] Revert UART0 default pin workarounds (fixed in
 ESP-IDF 5.5.2) (#14363)

---
 .../uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp           | 36 +++----------------
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp
index ea7a09fee6..8699d37d7a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 #include "esphome/core/gpio.h"
 #include "driver/gpio.h"
 #include "soc/gpio_num.h"
-#include "soc/uart_pins.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_LOGGER
 #include "esphome/components/logger/logger.h"
@@ -19,13 +18,6 @@ namespace esphome::uart {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "uart.idf";
 
-/// Check if a pin number matches one of the default UART0 GPIO pins.
-/// These pins may have residual state from the boot console that requires
-/// explicit reset before UART reconfiguration (ESP-IDF issue #17459).
-static constexpr bool is_default_uart0_pin(int8_t pin_num) {
-  return pin_num == U0TXD_GPIO_NUM || pin_num == U0RXD_GPIO_NUM;
-}
-
 uart_config_t IDFUARTComponent::get_config_() {
   uart_parity_t parity = UART_PARITY_DISABLE;
   if (this->parity_ == UART_CONFIG_PARITY_EVEN) {
@@ -149,34 +141,12 @@ void IDFUARTComponent::load_settings(bool dump_config) {
     return;
   }
 
-  int8_t tx = this->tx_pin_ != nullptr ? this->tx_pin_->get_pin() : -1;
-  int8_t rx = this->rx_pin_ != nullptr ? this->rx_pin_->get_pin() : -1;
-  int8_t flow_control = this->flow_control_pin_ != nullptr ? this->flow_control_pin_->get_pin() : -1;
-
-  // Workaround for ESP-IDF issue: https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/issues/17459
-  // Commit 9ed617fb17 removed gpio_func_sel() calls from uart_set_pin(), which breaks
-  // UART on default UART0 pins that may have residual state from boot console.
-  // Reset these pins before configuring UART to ensure they're in a clean state.
-  if (is_default_uart0_pin(tx)) {
-    gpio_reset_pin(static_cast<gpio_num_t>(tx));
-  }
-  if (is_default_uart0_pin(rx)) {
-    gpio_reset_pin(static_cast<gpio_num_t>(rx));
-  }
-
-  // Setup pins after reset to configure GPIO direction and pull resistors.
-  // For UART0 default pins, setup() must always be called because gpio_reset_pin()
-  // above sets GPIO_MODE_DISABLE which disables the input buffer. Without setup(),
-  // uart_set_pin() on ESP-IDF 5.4.2+ does not re-enable the input buffer for
-  // IOMUX-connected pins, so the RX pin cannot receive data (see issue #10132).
-  // For other pins, only call setup() if pull or open-drain flags are set to avoid
-  // disturbing the default pin state which breaks some external components (#11823).
   auto setup_pin_if_needed = [](InternalGPIOPin *pin) {
     if (!pin) {
       return;
     }
     const auto mask = gpio::Flags::FLAG_OPEN_DRAIN | gpio::Flags::FLAG_PULLUP | gpio::Flags::FLAG_PULLDOWN;
-    if (is_default_uart0_pin(pin->get_pin()) || (pin->get_flags() & mask) != gpio::Flags::FLAG_NONE) {
+    if ((pin->get_flags() & mask) != gpio::Flags::FLAG_NONE) {
       pin->setup();
     }
   };
@@ -186,6 +156,10 @@ void IDFUARTComponent::load_settings(bool dump_config) {
     setup_pin_if_needed(this->tx_pin_);
   }
 
+  int8_t tx = this->tx_pin_ != nullptr ? this->tx_pin_->get_pin() : -1;
+  int8_t rx = this->rx_pin_ != nullptr ? this->rx_pin_->get_pin() : -1;
+  int8_t flow_control = this->flow_control_pin_ != nullptr ? this->flow_control_pin_->get_pin() : -1;
+
   uint32_t invert = 0;
   if (this->tx_pin_ != nullptr && this->tx_pin_->is_inverted()) {
     invert |= UART_SIGNAL_TXD_INV;

From 49cc389bf0e0e4853b4bbc5de38f89b6224ee28f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 27 Feb 2026 17:28:05 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 272/609] [esp32] Wrap printf/vprintf/fprintf to eliminate
 _vfprintf_r (~11 KB flash) (#14362)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py       | 10 +++
 esphome/components/esp32/printf_stubs.cpp  | 85 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 tests/components/esp32/test.esp32-idf.yaml |  1 +
 3 files changed, 96 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/esp32/printf_stubs.cpp

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
index 998913ecec..dd9e394fd2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
@@ -952,6 +952,7 @@ CONF_HEAP_IN_IRAM = "heap_in_iram"
 CONF_LOOP_TASK_STACK_SIZE = "loop_task_stack_size"
 CONF_USE_FULL_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE = "use_full_certificate_bundle"
 CONF_DISABLE_DEBUG_STUBS = "disable_debug_stubs"
+CONF_ENABLE_FULL_PRINTF = "enable_full_printf"
 CONF_DISABLE_OCD_AWARE = "disable_ocd_aware"
 CONF_DISABLE_USB_SERIAL_JTAG_SECONDARY = "disable_usb_serial_jtag_secondary"
 CONF_DISABLE_DEV_NULL_VFS = "disable_dev_null_vfs"
@@ -1126,6 +1127,7 @@ FRAMEWORK_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
                 cv.Optional(
                     CONF_INCLUDE_BUILTIN_IDF_COMPONENTS, default=[]
                 ): cv.ensure_list(cv.string_strict),
+                cv.Optional(CONF_ENABLE_FULL_PRINTF, default=False): cv.boolean,
                 cv.Optional(CONF_DISABLE_DEBUG_STUBS, default=True): cv.boolean,
                 cv.Optional(CONF_DISABLE_OCD_AWARE, default=True): cv.boolean,
                 cv.Optional(
@@ -1469,6 +1471,14 @@ async def to_code(config):
             "_ZSt25__throw_bad_function_callv",
         ]:
             cg.add_build_flag(f"-Wl,--wrap={mangled}")
+
+        # Wrap FILE*-based printf functions to eliminate newlib's _vfprintf_r
+        # (~11 KB). See printf_stubs.cpp for implementation.
+        if conf[CONF_ADVANCED][CONF_ENABLE_FULL_PRINTF]:
+            cg.add_define("USE_FULL_PRINTF")
+        else:
+            for symbol in ("vprintf", "printf", "fprintf"):
+                cg.add_build_flag(f"-Wl,--wrap={symbol}")
     else:
         cg.add_build_flag("-DUSE_ARDUINO")
         cg.add_build_flag("-DUSE_ESP32_FRAMEWORK_ARDUINO")
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/printf_stubs.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32/printf_stubs.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c6f03bc363
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/printf_stubs.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+/*
+ * Linker wrap stubs for FILE*-based printf functions.
+ *
+ * ESP-IDF SDK components (gpio driver, ringbuf, log_write) reference
+ * fprintf(), printf(), and vprintf() which pull in newlib's _vfprintf_r
+ * (~11 KB). This is a separate implementation from _svfprintf_r (used by
+ * snprintf/vsnprintf) that handles FILE* stream I/O with buffering and
+ * locking.
+ *
+ * ESPHome replaces the ESP-IDF log handler via esp_log_set_vprintf_(),
+ * so the SDK's vprintf() path is dead code at runtime. The fprintf()
+ * and printf() calls in SDK components are only in debug/assert paths
+ * (gpio_dump_io_configuration, ringbuf diagnostics) that are either
+ * GC'd or never called. Crash backtraces and panic output are
+ * unaffected — they use esp_rom_printf() which is a ROM function
+ * and does not go through libc.
+ *
+ * These stubs redirect through vsnprintf() (which uses _svfprintf_r
+ * already in the binary) and fwrite(), allowing the linker to
+ * dead-code eliminate _vfprintf_r.
+ *
+ * Saves ~11 KB of flash.
+ *
+ * To disable these wraps, set enable_full_printf: true in the esp32
+ * advanced config section.
+ */
+
+#if defined(USE_ESP_IDF) && !defined(USE_FULL_PRINTF)
+#include <cstdarg>
+#include <cstdio>
+
+#include "esp_system.h"
+
+namespace esphome::esp32 {}
+
+static constexpr size_t PRINTF_BUFFER_SIZE = 512;
+
+// These stubs are essentially dead code at runtime — ESPHome replaces the
+// ESP-IDF log handler, and the SDK's printf/fprintf calls only exist in
+// debug/assert paths that are never reached in normal operation.
+// The buffer overflow check is purely defensive and should never trigger.
+static int write_printf_buffer(FILE *stream, char *buf, int len) {
+  if (len < 0) {
+    return len;
+  }
+  size_t write_len = len;
+  if (write_len >= PRINTF_BUFFER_SIZE) {
+    fwrite(buf, 1, PRINTF_BUFFER_SIZE - 1, stream);
+    esp_system_abort("printf buffer overflow; set enable_full_printf: true in esp32 framework advanced config");
+  }
+  if (fwrite(buf, 1, write_len, stream) < write_len || ferror(stream)) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+  return len;
+}
+
+// NOLINTBEGIN(bugprone-reserved-identifier,cert-dcl37-c,cert-dcl51-cpp,readability-identifier-naming)
+extern "C" {
+
+int __wrap_vprintf(const char *fmt, va_list ap) {
+  char buf[PRINTF_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  return write_printf_buffer(stdout, buf, vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, ap));
+}
+
+int __wrap_printf(const char *fmt, ...) {
+  va_list ap;
+  va_start(ap, fmt);
+  int len = __wrap_vprintf(fmt, ap);
+  va_end(ap);
+  return len;
+}
+
+int __wrap_fprintf(FILE *stream, const char *fmt, ...) {
+  va_list ap;
+  va_start(ap, fmt);
+  char buf[PRINTF_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  int len = write_printf_buffer(stream, buf, vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, ap));
+  va_end(ap);
+  return len;
+}
+
+}  // extern "C"
+// NOLINTEND(bugprone-reserved-identifier,cert-dcl37-c,cert-dcl51-cpp,readability-identifier-naming)
+
+#endif  // USE_ESP_IDF && !USE_FULL_PRINTF
diff --git a/tests/components/esp32/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/esp32/test.esp32-idf.yaml
index f80c854de5..da85aa3b0f 100644
--- a/tests/components/esp32/test.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/esp32/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ esp32:
       use_full_certificate_bundle: false  # Test CMN bundle (default)
       include_builtin_idf_components:
         - freertos  # Test escape hatch (freertos is always included anyway)
+      enable_full_printf: false
       disable_debug_stubs: true
       disable_ocd_aware: true
       disable_usb_serial_jtag_secondary: true

From 6c0998f220fcd2d6ba1a3a12a6ebcfeef1166ace Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Raymond Richmond <raymond.richmond@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:26:06 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 273/609] [gt911] Support for interrupt signal via IO Expander
 (#14358)

---
 .../components/gt911/touchscreen/__init__.py  |  2 +-
 .../gt911/touchscreen/gt911_touchscreen.cpp   | 29 ++++++++++++++-----
 .../gt911/touchscreen/gt911_touchscreen.h     |  6 ++--
 3 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/gt911/touchscreen/__init__.py b/esphome/components/gt911/touchscreen/__init__.py
index 6c80ff280f..b850eeea8b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gt911/touchscreen/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gt911/touchscreen/__init__.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ GT911Touchscreen = gt911_ns.class_(
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = touchscreen.TOUCHSCREEN_SCHEMA.extend(
     {
         cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(GT911Touchscreen),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_INTERRUPT_PIN): pins.gpio_output_pin_schema,
         cv.Optional(CONF_RESET_PIN): pins.gpio_output_pin_schema,
     }
 ).extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x5D))
diff --git a/esphome/components/gt911/touchscreen/gt911_touchscreen.cpp b/esphome/components/gt911/touchscreen/gt911_touchscreen.cpp
index b11880a042..17bfa82cb4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gt911/touchscreen/gt911_touchscreen.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/gt911/touchscreen/gt911_touchscreen.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/gpio.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace gt911 {
@@ -26,15 +27,17 @@ static const size_t MAX_BUTTONS = 4;  // max number of buttons scanned
 
 void GT911Touchscreen::setup() {
   if (this->reset_pin_ != nullptr) {
+    // temporarily set the interrupt pin to output to control address selection
     this->reset_pin_->setup();
     this->reset_pin_->digital_write(false);
     if (this->interrupt_pin_ != nullptr) {
-      // temporarily set the interrupt pin to output to control address selection
+      this->interrupt_pin_->setup();
       this->interrupt_pin_->pin_mode(gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT);
       this->interrupt_pin_->digital_write(false);
     }
     delay(2);
-    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(true);  // wait at least T3+T4 ms as per the datasheet
+    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(true);
+    // wait at least T3+T4 ms as per the datasheet
     this->set_timeout(5 + 50 + 1, [this] { this->setup_internal_(); });
     return;
   }
@@ -43,11 +46,10 @@ void GT911Touchscreen::setup() {
 
 void GT911Touchscreen::setup_internal_() {
   if (this->interrupt_pin_ != nullptr) {
-    // set pre-configured input mode
-    this->interrupt_pin_->setup();
+    if (this->interrupt_pin_->is_internal())
+      this->interrupt_pin_->pin_mode(gpio::FLAG_INPUT);
   }
 
-  // check the configuration of the int line.
   uint8_t data[4];
   i2c::ErrorCode err = this->write(GET_SWITCHES, sizeof(GET_SWITCHES));
   if (err != i2c::ERROR_OK && this->address_ == PRIMARY_ADDRESS) {
@@ -58,12 +60,25 @@ void GT911Touchscreen::setup_internal_() {
     err = this->read(data, 1);
     if (err == i2c::ERROR_OK) {
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Switches ADDR: 0x%02X DATA: 0x%02X", this->address_, data[0]);
+
+      // data[0] & 1 == 1  =>  controller uses falling edge  =>  active-low
+      // data[0] & 1 == 0  =>  controller uses rising  edge  =>  active-high
+      bool active_high = !(data[0] & 1);
+
       if (this->interrupt_pin_ != nullptr) {
-        this->attach_interrupt_(this->interrupt_pin_,
-                                (data[0] & 1) ? gpio::INTERRUPT_FALLING_EDGE : gpio::INTERRUPT_RISING_EDGE);
+        if (this->interrupt_pin_->is_internal()) {
+          // Direct MCU pin: attach a hardware interrupt, no polling needed.
+          this->attach_interrupt_(static_cast<InternalGPIOPin *>(this->interrupt_pin_),
+                                  active_high ? gpio::INTERRUPT_RISING_EDGE : gpio::INTERRUPT_FALLING_EDGE);
+          ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Interrupt pin: hardware interrupt, active %s", active_high ? "HIGH" : "LOW");
+        } else {
+          // IO expander pin: leave as output for configuration only.
+          ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Interrupt pin: IO expander polling mode, active %s", active_high ? "HIGH" : "LOW");
+        }
       }
     }
   }
+
   if (this->x_raw_max_ == 0 || this->y_raw_max_ == 0) {
     // no calibration? Attempt to read the max values from the touchscreen.
     if (err == i2c::ERROR_OK) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/gt911/touchscreen/gt911_touchscreen.h b/esphome/components/gt911/touchscreen/gt911_touchscreen.h
index 85025b5522..a6577b5879 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gt911/touchscreen/gt911_touchscreen.h
+++ b/esphome/components/gt911/touchscreen/gt911_touchscreen.h
@@ -30,7 +30,9 @@ class GT911Touchscreen : public touchscreen::Touchscreen, public i2c::I2CDevice
   void dump_config() override;
   bool can_proceed() override { return this->setup_done_; }
 
-  void set_interrupt_pin(InternalGPIOPin *pin) { this->interrupt_pin_ = pin; }
+  /// Set a interrupt pin (supports hardware interrupts or expander connected).
+  void set_interrupt_pin(GPIOPin *pin) { this->interrupt_pin_ = pin; }
+
   void set_reset_pin(GPIOPin *pin) { this->reset_pin_ = pin; }
   void register_button_listener(GT911ButtonListener *listener) { this->button_listeners_.push_back(listener); }
 
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ class GT911Touchscreen : public touchscreen::Touchscreen, public i2c::I2CDevice
   /// @brief True if the touchscreen setup has completed successfully.
   bool setup_done_{false};
 
-  InternalGPIOPin *interrupt_pin_{nullptr};
+  GPIOPin *interrupt_pin_{nullptr};
   GPIOPin *reset_pin_{nullptr};
   std::vector<GT911ButtonListener *> button_listeners_;
   uint8_t button_state_{0xFF};  // last button state. Initial FF guarantees first update.

From 089d1e55e729c25755ab76196917db1f090ae5f2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clyde Stubbs <2366188+clydebarrow@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 28 Feb 2026 20:37:04 +1100
Subject: [PATCH 274/609] [mipi_dsi] Fix Waveshare P4 7B board config (#14372)

---
 esphome/components/mipi_dsi/models/waveshare.py | 3 +--
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/models/waveshare.py b/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/models/waveshare.py
index 69414065f1..c97a0bbd02 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/models/waveshare.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/models/waveshare.py
@@ -103,8 +103,6 @@ DriverChip(
         (0xE9, 0xC8, 0x10, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x81, 0x12, 0x31, 0x23, 0x4F, 0x86, 0xA0, 0x00, 0x47, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x98, 0x02, 0x8B, 0xAF, 0x46, 0x02, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x98, 0x13, 0x8B, 0xAF, 0x57, 0x13, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00),
         (0xEA, 0x97, 0x0C, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x9F, 0x31, 0x8B, 0xA8, 0x31, 0x75, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x9F, 0x20, 0x8B, 0xA8, 0x20, 0x64, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88, 0x23, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x71, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x80, 0x81, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00),
         (0xEF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x01),
-        (0x11, 0x00),
-        (0x29, 0x00),
     ],
 )
 
@@ -125,6 +123,7 @@ DriverChip(
     lane_bit_rate="900Mbps",
     no_transform=True,
     color_order="RGB",
+    reset_pin=33,
     initsequence=[
         (0x80, 0x8B),
         (0x81, 0x78),

From 067d773aac5e1ca7911e2260b222b10b9e08444f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 28 Feb 2026 07:19:55 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 275/609] [core] Make register_component protected, remove
 runtime checks (#14371)

---
 esphome/core/application.cpp                  | 19 +------------------
 esphome/core/application.h                    | 13 ++++++-------
 esphome/cpp_helpers.py                        |  2 +-
 .../deep_sleep/test_deep_sleep.py             |  2 +-
 .../ota/test_web_server_ota.py                |  2 +-
 tests/dummy_main.cpp                          |  4 ++--
 tests/unit_tests/test_cpp_helpers.py          |  8 ++++----
 7 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 34 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/application.cpp b/esphome/core/application.cpp
index b1ece86701..f963afa597 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/application.cpp
@@ -79,24 +79,7 @@ static void insertion_sort_by_priority(Iterator first, Iterator last) {
   }
 }
 
-void Application::register_component_(Component *comp) {
-  if (comp == nullptr) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Tried to register null component!");
-    return;
-  }
-
-  for (auto *c : this->components_) {
-    if (comp == c) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Component %s already registered! (%p)", LOG_STR_ARG(c->get_component_log_str()), c);
-      return;
-    }
-  }
-  if (this->components_.size() >= ESPHOME_COMPONENT_COUNT) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Cannot register component %s - at capacity!", LOG_STR_ARG(comp->get_component_log_str()));
-    return;
-  }
-  this->components_.push_back(comp);
-}
+void Application::register_component_(Component *comp) { this->components_.push_back(comp); }
 void Application::setup() {
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Running through setup()");
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Sorting components by setup priority");
diff --git a/esphome/core/application.h b/esphome/core/application.h
index 0cc29af8e7..ba3ce13291 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.h
+++ b/esphome/core/application.h
@@ -108,6 +108,10 @@ namespace esphome::socket {
 class Socket;
 }  // namespace esphome::socket
 
+// Forward declarations for friend access from codegen-generated setup()
+void setup();           // NOLINT(readability-redundant-declaration) - may be declared in Arduino.h
+void original_setup();  // NOLINT(readability-redundant-declaration) - used by cpp unit tests
+
 namespace esphome {
 
 // Teardown timeout constant (in milliseconds)
@@ -247,13 +251,6 @@ class Application {
 
   /// Reserve space for components to avoid memory fragmentation
 
-  /// Register the component in this Application instance.
-  template<class C> C *register_component(C *c) {
-    static_assert(std::is_base_of<Component, C>::value, "Only Component subclasses can be registered");
-    this->register_component_((Component *) c);
-    return c;
-  }
-
   /// Set up all the registered components. Call this at the end of your setup() function.
   void setup();
 
@@ -508,6 +505,8 @@ class Application {
  protected:
   friend Component;
   friend class socket::Socket;
+  friend void ::setup();
+  friend void ::original_setup();
 
 #ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
   /// Fast path for Socket::ready() via friendship - skips negative fd check.
diff --git a/esphome/cpp_helpers.py b/esphome/cpp_helpers.py
index 954a28d3d1..b673eaa7e1 100644
--- a/esphome/cpp_helpers.py
+++ b/esphome/cpp_helpers.py
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ async def register_component(var, config):
     if name is not None:
         add(var.set_component_source(LogStringLiteral(name)))
 
-    add(App.register_component(var))
+    add(App.register_component_(var))
     return var
 
 
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/deep_sleep/test_deep_sleep.py b/tests/component_tests/deep_sleep/test_deep_sleep.py
index 11f1bcb58e..41ddd72feb 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/deep_sleep/test_deep_sleep.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/deep_sleep/test_deep_sleep.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ def test_deep_sleep_setup(generate_main):
     main_cpp = generate_main("tests/component_tests/deep_sleep/test_deep_sleep1.yaml")
 
     assert "deepsleep = new deep_sleep::DeepSleepComponent();" in main_cpp
-    assert "App.register_component(deepsleep);" in main_cpp
+    assert "App.register_component_(deepsleep);" in main_cpp
 
 
 def test_deep_sleep_sleep_duration(generate_main):
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ota/test_web_server_ota.py b/tests/component_tests/ota/test_web_server_ota.py
index 794eaac9be..4b3a4c705c 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/ota/test_web_server_ota.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/ota/test_web_server_ota.py
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ def test_web_server_ota_generated(generate_main: Callable[[str], str]) -> None:
     assert "global_web_server_base" in main_cpp
 
     # Check component is registered
-    assert "App.register_component(web_server_webserverotacomponent_id)" in main_cpp
+    assert "App.register_component_(web_server_webserverotacomponent_id)" in main_cpp
 
 
 def test_web_server_ota_with_callbacks(generate_main: Callable[[str], str]) -> None:
diff --git a/tests/dummy_main.cpp b/tests/dummy_main.cpp
index 52f1fbd319..3ccf35e04d 100644
--- a/tests/dummy_main.cpp
+++ b/tests/dummy_main.cpp
@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@ void setup() {
   auto *log = new logger::Logger(115200);  // NOLINT
   log->pre_setup();
   log->set_uart_selection(logger::UART_SELECTION_UART0);
-  App.register_component(log);
+  App.register_component_(log);
 
   auto *wifi = new wifi::WiFiComponent();  // NOLINT
-  App.register_component(wifi);
+  App.register_component_(wifi);
   wifi::WiFiAP ap;
   ap.set_ssid("Test SSID");
   ap.set_password("password1");
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_cpp_helpers.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_cpp_helpers.py
index 2618803fec..82ded409c7 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_cpp_helpers.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_cpp_helpers.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ async def test_gpio_pin_expression__conf_is_none(monkeypatch):
 async def test_register_component(monkeypatch):
     var = Mock(base="foo.bar")
 
-    app_mock = Mock(register_component=Mock(return_value=var))
+    app_mock = Mock(register_component_=Mock(return_value=var))
     monkeypatch.setattr(ch, "App", app_mock)
 
     core_mock = Mock(component_ids=["foo.bar"])
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ async def test_register_component(monkeypatch):
 
     assert actual is var
     assert add_mock.call_count == 2
-    app_mock.register_component.assert_called_with(var)
+    app_mock.register_component_.assert_called_with(var)
     assert core_mock.component_ids == []
 
 
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ async def test_register_component__no_component_id(monkeypatch):
 async def test_register_component__with_setup_priority(monkeypatch):
     var = Mock(base="foo.bar")
 
-    app_mock = Mock(register_component=Mock(return_value=var))
+    app_mock = Mock(register_component_=Mock(return_value=var))
     monkeypatch.setattr(ch, "App", app_mock)
 
     core_mock = Mock(component_ids=["foo.bar"])
@@ -68,5 +68,5 @@ async def test_register_component__with_setup_priority(monkeypatch):
     assert actual is var
     add_mock.assert_called()
     assert add_mock.call_count == 4
-    app_mock.register_component.assert_called_with(var)
+    app_mock.register_component_.assert_called_with(var)
     assert core_mock.component_ids == []

From 7d52a9587f59c01a47c72bacb8c3d7e9f4d40e30 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 28 Feb 2026 07:20:20 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 276/609] [api] Outline keepalive ping logic from
 APIConnection::loop() (#14374)

---
 esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp | 46 ++++++++++++++---------
 esphome/components/api/api_connection.h   |  4 ++
 2 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
index 7bc9c45c05..8b2efdde51 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
@@ -242,24 +242,11 @@ void APIConnection::loop() {
     return;
   }
 
-  if (this->flags_.sent_ping) {
-    // Disconnect if not responded within 2.5*keepalive
-    if (now - this->last_traffic_ > KEEPALIVE_DISCONNECT_TIMEOUT) {
-      on_fatal_error();
-      this->log_client_(ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_WARN, LOG_STR("is unresponsive; disconnecting"));
-    }
-  } else if (now - this->last_traffic_ > KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_MS && !this->flags_.remove) {
-    // Only send ping if we're not disconnecting
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Sending keepalive PING");
-    PingRequest req;
-    this->flags_.sent_ping = this->send_message(req, PingRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE);
-    if (!this->flags_.sent_ping) {
-      // If we can't send the ping request directly (tx_buffer full),
-      // schedule it at the front of the batch so it will be sent with priority
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Buffer full, ping queued");
-      this->schedule_message_front_(nullptr, PingRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE, PingRequest::ESTIMATED_SIZE);
-      this->flags_.sent_ping = true;  // Mark as sent to avoid scheduling multiple pings
-    }
+  // Keepalive: only call into the cold path when enough time has elapsed.
+  // When sent_ping is true, last_traffic_ hasn't been updated so this
+  // condition is already satisfied — covers both send-ping and disconnect cases.
+  if (now - this->last_traffic_ > KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_MS) {
+    this->check_keepalive_(now);
   }
 
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
@@ -275,6 +262,29 @@ void APIConnection::loop() {
 #endif
 }
 
+void APIConnection::check_keepalive_(uint32_t now) {
+  // Caller guarantees: now - last_traffic_ > KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_MS
+  if (this->flags_.sent_ping) {
+    // Disconnect if not responded within 2.5*keepalive
+    if (now - this->last_traffic_ > KEEPALIVE_DISCONNECT_TIMEOUT) {
+      on_fatal_error();
+      this->log_client_(ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_WARN, LOG_STR("is unresponsive; disconnecting"));
+    }
+  } else if (!this->flags_.remove) {
+    // Only send ping if we're not disconnecting
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Sending keepalive PING");
+    PingRequest req;
+    this->flags_.sent_ping = this->send_message(req, PingRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+    if (!this->flags_.sent_ping) {
+      // If we can't send the ping request directly (tx_buffer full),
+      // schedule it at the front of the batch so it will be sent with priority
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Buffer full, ping queued");
+      this->schedule_message_front_(nullptr, PingRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE, PingRequest::ESTIMATED_SIZE);
+      this->flags_.sent_ping = true;  // Mark as sent to avoid scheduling multiple pings
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 void APIConnection::process_active_iterator_() {
   // Caller ensures active_iterator_ != NONE
   if (this->active_iterator_ == ActiveIterator::LIST_ENTITIES) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
index e34bed8ada..37855b2482 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
@@ -370,6 +370,10 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
     return this->client_supports_api_version(1, 14) ? MAX_INITIAL_PER_BATCH : MAX_INITIAL_PER_BATCH_LEGACY;
   }
 
+  // Send keepalive ping or disconnect unresponsive client.
+  // Cold path — extracted from loop() to reduce instruction cache pressure.
+  void __attribute__((noinline)) check_keepalive_(uint32_t now);
+
   // Process active iterator (list_entities/initial_state) during connection setup.
   // Extracted from loop() — only runs during initial handshake, NONE in steady state.
   void __attribute__((noinline)) process_active_iterator_();

From 757e8d90e6a32fb77cad14efb9e00e34e584fee2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 28 Feb 2026 07:20:34 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 277/609] [core] Inline set_component_state_ and use it in
 Application (#14369)

---
 esphome/core/application.cpp | 3 +--
 esphome/core/component.cpp   | 4 ----
 esphome/core/component.h     | 5 ++++-
 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/application.cpp b/esphome/core/application.cpp
index f963afa597..c977fd66b3 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/application.cpp
@@ -508,8 +508,7 @@ void Application::enable_pending_loops_() {
     // Clear the pending flag and enable the loop
     component->pending_enable_loop_ = false;
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s loop enabled from ISR", LOG_STR_ARG(component->get_component_log_str()));
-    component->component_state_ &= ~COMPONENT_STATE_MASK;
-    component->component_state_ |= COMPONENT_STATE_LOOP;
+    component->set_component_state_(COMPONENT_STATE_LOOP);
 
     // Move to active section
     this->activate_looping_component_(i);
diff --git a/esphome/core/component.cpp b/esphome/core/component.cpp
index e14fae5e08..1fd621ea83 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/component.cpp
@@ -297,10 +297,6 @@ void Component::mark_failed() {
   // Also remove from loop since failed components shouldn't loop
   App.disable_component_loop_(this);
 }
-void Component::set_component_state_(uint8_t state) {
-  this->component_state_ &= ~COMPONENT_STATE_MASK;
-  this->component_state_ |= state;
-}
 void Component::disable_loop() {
   if ((this->component_state_ & COMPONENT_STATE_MASK) != COMPONENT_STATE_LOOP_DONE) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s loop disabled", LOG_STR_ARG(this->get_component_log_str()));
diff --git a/esphome/core/component.h b/esphome/core/component.h
index 2620e8eb2a..0b0b6345c7 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component.h
+++ b/esphome/core/component.h
@@ -294,7 +294,10 @@ class Component {
   void call_dump_config_();
 
   /// Helper to set component state (clears state bits and sets new state)
-  void set_component_state_(uint8_t state);
+  inline void set_component_state_(uint8_t state) {
+    this->component_state_ &= ~COMPONENT_STATE_MASK;
+    this->component_state_ |= state;
+  }
 
   /** Set an interval function with a unique name. Empty name means no cancelling possible.
    *

From b7d651dd179ad165e9921bd9c7840de58da3987a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 28 Feb 2026 18:10:53 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 278/609] [core] Defer entity automation codegen to prevent
 sibling ID deadlocks (#14381)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py | 37 +++++++++++---------
 esphome/components/number/__init__.py        | 31 +++++++++-------
 esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py        | 37 +++++++++++---------
 esphome/components/switch/__init__.py        | 16 ++++++---
 esphome/components/text_sensor/__init__.py   | 19 ++++++----
 5 files changed, 83 insertions(+), 57 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 4500168cb1..036d78da73 100644
--- a/esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -550,22 +550,8 @@ def binary_sensor_schema(
     return _BINARY_SENSOR_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
 
 
-async def setup_binary_sensor_core_(var, config):
-    await setup_entity(var, config, "binary_sensor")
-
-    if (device_class := config.get(CONF_DEVICE_CLASS)) is not None:
-        cg.add(var.set_device_class(device_class))
-    trigger = config.get(CONF_TRIGGER_ON_INITIAL_STATE, False) or config.get(
-        CONF_PUBLISH_INITIAL_STATE, False
-    )
-    cg.add(var.set_trigger_on_initial_state(trigger))
-    if inverted := config.get(CONF_INVERTED):
-        cg.add(var.set_inverted(inverted))
-    if filters_config := config.get(CONF_FILTERS):
-        cg.add_define("USE_BINARY_SENSOR_FILTER")
-        filters = await cg.build_registry_list(FILTER_REGISTRY, filters_config)
-        cg.add(var.add_filters(filters))
-
+@coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.AUTOMATION)
+async def _build_binary_sensor_automations(var, config):
     for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_PRESS, []):
         trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
         await automation.build_automation(trigger, [], conf)
@@ -617,6 +603,25 @@ async def setup_binary_sensor_core_(var, config):
             conf,
         )
 
+
+async def setup_binary_sensor_core_(var, config):
+    await setup_entity(var, config, "binary_sensor")
+
+    if (device_class := config.get(CONF_DEVICE_CLASS)) is not None:
+        cg.add(var.set_device_class(device_class))
+    trigger = config.get(CONF_TRIGGER_ON_INITIAL_STATE, False) or config.get(
+        CONF_PUBLISH_INITIAL_STATE, False
+    )
+    cg.add(var.set_trigger_on_initial_state(trigger))
+    if inverted := config.get(CONF_INVERTED):
+        cg.add(var.set_inverted(inverted))
+    if filters_config := config.get(CONF_FILTERS):
+        cg.add_define("USE_BINARY_SENSOR_FILTER")
+        filters = await cg.build_registry_list(FILTER_REGISTRY, filters_config)
+        cg.add(var.add_filters(filters))
+
+    CORE.add_job(_build_binary_sensor_automations, var, config)
+
     if mqtt_id := config.get(CONF_MQTT_ID):
         mqtt_ = cg.new_Pvariable(mqtt_id, var)
         await mqtt.register_mqtt_component(mqtt_, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/number/__init__.py b/esphome/components/number/__init__.py
index b23da7799f..d12ec7463b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/number/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/number/__init__.py
@@ -240,6 +240,23 @@ def number_schema(
     return _NUMBER_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
 
 
+@coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.AUTOMATION)
+async def _build_number_automations(var, config):
+    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_VALUE, []):
+        trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
+        await automation.build_automation(trigger, [(float, "x")], conf)
+    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_VALUE_RANGE, []):
+        trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
+        await cg.register_component(trigger, conf)
+        if CONF_ABOVE in conf:
+            template_ = await cg.templatable(conf[CONF_ABOVE], [(float, "x")], float)
+            cg.add(trigger.set_min(template_))
+        if CONF_BELOW in conf:
+            template_ = await cg.templatable(conf[CONF_BELOW], [(float, "x")], float)
+            cg.add(trigger.set_max(template_))
+        await automation.build_automation(trigger, [(float, "x")], conf)
+
+
 async def setup_number_core_(
     var, config, *, min_value: float, max_value: float, step: float
 ):
@@ -254,19 +271,7 @@ async def setup_number_core_(
     if config[CONF_MODE] != NumberMode.NUMBER_MODE_AUTO:
         cg.add(var.traits.set_mode(config[CONF_MODE]))
 
-    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_VALUE, []):
-        trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
-        await automation.build_automation(trigger, [(float, "x")], conf)
-    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_VALUE_RANGE, []):
-        trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
-        await cg.register_component(trigger, conf)
-        if CONF_ABOVE in conf:
-            template_ = await cg.templatable(conf[CONF_ABOVE], [(float, "x")], float)
-            cg.add(trigger.set_min(template_))
-        if CONF_BELOW in conf:
-            template_ = await cg.templatable(conf[CONF_BELOW], [(float, "x")], float)
-            cg.add(trigger.set_max(template_))
-        await automation.build_automation(trigger, [(float, "x")], conf)
+    CORE.add_job(_build_number_automations, var, config)
 
     if (unit_of_measurement := config.get(CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT)) is not None:
         cg.add(var.traits.set_unit_of_measurement(unit_of_measurement))
diff --git a/esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py
index 770c044efb..338aaae0b5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -888,6 +888,26 @@ async def build_filters(config):
     return await cg.build_registry_list(FILTER_REGISTRY, config)
 
 
+@coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.AUTOMATION)
+async def _build_sensor_automations(var, config):
+    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_VALUE, []):
+        trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
+        await automation.build_automation(trigger, [(float, "x")], conf)
+    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_RAW_VALUE, []):
+        trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
+        await automation.build_automation(trigger, [(float, "x")], conf)
+    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_VALUE_RANGE, []):
+        trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
+        await cg.register_component(trigger, conf)
+        if (above := conf.get(CONF_ABOVE)) is not None:
+            template_ = await cg.templatable(above, [(float, "x")], float)
+            cg.add(trigger.set_min(template_))
+        if (below := conf.get(CONF_BELOW)) is not None:
+            template_ = await cg.templatable(below, [(float, "x")], float)
+            cg.add(trigger.set_max(template_))
+        await automation.build_automation(trigger, [(float, "x")], conf)
+
+
 async def setup_sensor_core_(var, config):
     await setup_entity(var, config, "sensor")
 
@@ -907,22 +927,7 @@ async def setup_sensor_core_(var, config):
         filters = await build_filters(config[CONF_FILTERS])
         cg.add(var.set_filters(filters))
 
-    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_VALUE, []):
-        trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
-        await automation.build_automation(trigger, [(float, "x")], conf)
-    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_RAW_VALUE, []):
-        trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
-        await automation.build_automation(trigger, [(float, "x")], conf)
-    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_VALUE_RANGE, []):
-        trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
-        await cg.register_component(trigger, conf)
-        if (above := conf.get(CONF_ABOVE)) is not None:
-            template_ = await cg.templatable(above, [(float, "x")], float)
-            cg.add(trigger.set_min(template_))
-        if (below := conf.get(CONF_BELOW)) is not None:
-            template_ = await cg.templatable(below, [(float, "x")], float)
-            cg.add(trigger.set_max(template_))
-        await automation.build_automation(trigger, [(float, "x")], conf)
+    CORE.add_job(_build_sensor_automations, var, config)
 
     if (mqtt_id := config.get(CONF_MQTT_ID)) is not None:
         mqtt_ = cg.new_Pvariable(mqtt_id, var)
diff --git a/esphome/components/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/switch/__init__.py
index 7424d7c92f..cfc5e2b6e8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/switch/__init__.py
@@ -141,11 +141,8 @@ def switch_schema(
     return _SWITCH_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
 
 
-async def setup_switch_core_(var, config):
-    await setup_entity(var, config, "switch")
-
-    if (inverted := config.get(CONF_INVERTED)) is not None:
-        cg.add(var.set_inverted(inverted))
+@coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.AUTOMATION)
+async def _build_switch_automations(var, config):
     for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_STATE, []):
         trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
         await automation.build_automation(trigger, [(bool, "x")], conf)
@@ -156,6 +153,15 @@ async def setup_switch_core_(var, config):
         trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
         await automation.build_automation(trigger, [], conf)
 
+
+async def setup_switch_core_(var, config):
+    await setup_entity(var, config, "switch")
+
+    if (inverted := config.get(CONF_INVERTED)) is not None:
+        cg.add(var.set_inverted(inverted))
+
+    CORE.add_job(_build_switch_automations, var, config)
+
     if (mqtt_id := config.get(CONF_MQTT_ID)) is not None:
         mqtt_ = cg.new_Pvariable(mqtt_id, var)
         await mqtt.register_mqtt_component(mqtt_, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/text_sensor/__init__.py
index 2e8edb43c9..2edf202cd2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -197,6 +197,17 @@ async def build_filters(config):
     return await cg.build_registry_list(FILTER_REGISTRY, config)
 
 
+@coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.AUTOMATION)
+async def _build_text_sensor_automations(var, config):
+    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_VALUE, []):
+        trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
+        await automation.build_automation(trigger, [(cg.std_string, "x")], conf)
+
+    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_RAW_VALUE, []):
+        trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
+        await automation.build_automation(trigger, [(cg.std_string, "x")], conf)
+
+
 async def setup_text_sensor_core_(var, config):
     await setup_entity(var, config, "text_sensor")
 
@@ -208,13 +219,7 @@ async def setup_text_sensor_core_(var, config):
         filters = await build_filters(config[CONF_FILTERS])
         cg.add(var.set_filters(filters))
 
-    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_VALUE, []):
-        trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
-        await automation.build_automation(trigger, [(cg.std_string, "x")], conf)
-
-    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_RAW_VALUE, []):
-        trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
-        await automation.build_automation(trigger, [(cg.std_string, "x")], conf)
+    CORE.add_job(_build_text_sensor_automations, var, config)
 
     if (mqtt_id := config.get(CONF_MQTT_ID)) is not None:
         mqtt_ = cg.new_Pvariable(mqtt_id, var)

From b679b04d140663770f4a5c4be16e1c9ed93de5c7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 28 Feb 2026 13:27:33 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 279/609] [core] Move CONF_STOP_BITS, CONF_DATA_BITS,
 CONF_PARITY to const.py (#14379)

---
 esphome/components/uart/__init__.py     |  6 +++---
 esphome/components/usb_uart/__init__.py | 10 ++++------
 esphome/components/weikai/__init__.py   |  6 +++---
 esphome/const.py                        |  3 +++
 4 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/__init__.py b/esphome/components/uart/__init__.py
index 31e37a06e0..a6f4cf5d5f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/__init__.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BAUD_RATE,
     CONF_BYTES,
     CONF_DATA,
+    CONF_DATA_BITS,
     CONF_DEBUG,
     CONF_DELIMITER,
     CONF_DIRECTION,
@@ -21,10 +22,12 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_LAMBDA,
     CONF_NUMBER,
+    CONF_PARITY,
     CONF_PORT,
     CONF_RX_BUFFER_SIZE,
     CONF_RX_PIN,
     CONF_SEQUENCE,
+    CONF_STOP_BITS,
     CONF_TIMEOUT,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
     CONF_TX_PIN,
@@ -215,9 +218,6 @@ UART_PARITY_OPTIONS = {
     "ODD": UARTParityOptions.UART_CONFIG_PARITY_ODD,
 }
 
-CONF_STOP_BITS = "stop_bits"
-CONF_DATA_BITS = "data_bits"
-CONF_PARITY = "parity"
 CONF_RX_FULL_THRESHOLD = "rx_full_threshold"
 CONF_RX_TIMEOUT = "rx_timeout"
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/__init__.py b/esphome/components/usb_uart/__init__.py
index d9bb58ae3a..cc69c0cb5a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/__init__.py
@@ -1,20 +1,18 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import socket
-from esphome.components.uart import (
-    CONF_DATA_BITS,
-    CONF_PARITY,
-    CONF_STOP_BITS,
-    UARTComponent,
-)
+from esphome.components.uart import UARTComponent
 from esphome.components.usb_host import register_usb_client, usb_device_schema
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BAUD_RATE,
     CONF_BUFFER_SIZE,
     CONF_CHANNELS,
+    CONF_DATA_BITS,
     CONF_DEBUG,
     CONF_DUMMY_RECEIVER,
     CONF_ID,
+    CONF_PARITY,
+    CONF_STOP_BITS,
 )
 from esphome.cpp_types import Component
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/weikai/__init__.py b/esphome/components/weikai/__init__.py
index 796423438e..66cd4ce12a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/weikai/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/weikai/__init__.py
@@ -4,21 +4,21 @@ import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BAUD_RATE,
     CONF_CHANNEL,
+    CONF_DATA_BITS,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_INPUT,
     CONF_INVERTED,
     CONF_MODE,
     CONF_NUMBER,
     CONF_OUTPUT,
+    CONF_PARITY,
+    CONF_STOP_BITS,
 )
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@DrCoolZic"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["uart"]
 
 MULTI_CONF = True
-CONF_DATA_BITS = "data_bits"
-CONF_STOP_BITS = "stop_bits"
-CONF_PARITY = "parity"
 CONF_CRYSTAL = "crystal"
 CONF_UART = "uart"
 CONF_TEST_MODE = "test_mode"
diff --git a/esphome/const.py b/esphome/const.py
index 1611aeb101..7262a106d8 100644
--- a/esphome/const.py
+++ b/esphome/const.py
@@ -280,6 +280,7 @@ CONF_CUSTOM_PRESETS = "custom_presets"
 CONF_CYCLE = "cycle"
 CONF_DALLAS_ID = "dallas_id"
 CONF_DATA = "data"
+CONF_DATA_BITS = "data_bits"
 CONF_DATA_PIN = "data_pin"
 CONF_DATA_PINS = "data_pins"
 CONF_DATA_RATE = "data_rate"
@@ -759,6 +760,7 @@ CONF_PAGE_ID = "page_id"
 CONF_PAGES = "pages"
 CONF_PANASONIC = "panasonic"
 CONF_PARAMETERS = "parameters"
+CONF_PARITY = "parity"
 CONF_PASSWORD = "password"
 CONF_PATH = "path"
 CONF_PATTERN = "pattern"
@@ -961,6 +963,7 @@ CONF_STEP_PIN = "step_pin"
 CONF_STILL_THRESHOLD = "still_threshold"
 CONF_STOP = "stop"
 CONF_STOP_ACTION = "stop_action"
+CONF_STOP_BITS = "stop_bits"
 CONF_STORE_BASELINE = "store_baseline"
 CONF_SUBNET = "subnet"
 CONF_SUBSCRIBE_QOS = "subscribe_qos"

From 28424d6acdb5a406f650d3f6133eb67f19304f2c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 28 Feb 2026 13:50:12 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 280/609] [ld2410][ld2412] Fix signed char causing incorrect
 distance values (#14380)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp | 21 ++++++++-------------
 esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.cpp | 23 +++++++++--------------
 2 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp b/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp
index dd1d53857d..f10e7ec0aa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp
@@ -173,8 +173,6 @@ static constexpr uint8_t DATA_FRAME_FOOTER[HEADER_FOOTER_SIZE] = {0xF8, 0xF7, 0x
 // MAC address the module uses when Bluetooth is disabled
 static constexpr uint8_t NO_MAC[] = {0x08, 0x05, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01};
 
-static inline int two_byte_to_int(char firstbyte, char secondbyte) { return (int16_t) (secondbyte << 8) + firstbyte; }
-
 static inline bool validate_header_footer(const uint8_t *header_footer, const uint8_t *buffer) {
   return std::memcmp(header_footer, buffer, HEADER_FOOTER_SIZE) == 0;
 }
@@ -361,17 +359,14 @@ void LD2410Component::handle_periodic_data_() {
     Detect distance: 16~17th bytes
   */
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
-  SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR(
-      this->moving_target_distance_sensor_,
-      ld2410::two_byte_to_int(this->buffer_data_[MOVING_TARGET_LOW], this->buffer_data_[MOVING_TARGET_HIGH]))
+  SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR(this->moving_target_distance_sensor_,
+                      encode_uint16(this->buffer_data_[MOVING_TARGET_HIGH], this->buffer_data_[MOVING_TARGET_LOW]))
   SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR(this->moving_target_energy_sensor_, this->buffer_data_[MOVING_ENERGY])
-  SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR(
-      this->still_target_distance_sensor_,
-      ld2410::two_byte_to_int(this->buffer_data_[STILL_TARGET_LOW], this->buffer_data_[STILL_TARGET_HIGH]));
+  SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR(this->still_target_distance_sensor_,
+                      encode_uint16(this->buffer_data_[STILL_TARGET_HIGH], this->buffer_data_[STILL_TARGET_LOW]));
   SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR(this->still_target_energy_sensor_, this->buffer_data_[STILL_ENERGY]);
-  SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR(
-      this->detection_distance_sensor_,
-      ld2410::two_byte_to_int(this->buffer_data_[DETECT_DISTANCE_LOW], this->buffer_data_[DETECT_DISTANCE_HIGH]));
+  SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR(this->detection_distance_sensor_,
+                      encode_uint16(this->buffer_data_[DETECT_DISTANCE_HIGH], this->buffer_data_[DETECT_DISTANCE_LOW]));
 
   if (engineering_mode) {
     /*
@@ -578,8 +573,8 @@ bool LD2410Component::handle_ack_data_() {
       /*
         None Duration: 33~34th bytes
       */
-      updates.push_back(set_number_value(this->timeout_number_,
-                                         ld2410::two_byte_to_int(this->buffer_data_[32], this->buffer_data_[33])));
+      updates.push_back(
+          set_number_value(this->timeout_number_, encode_uint16(this->buffer_data_[33], this->buffer_data_[32])));
       for (auto &update : updates) {
         update();
       }
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.cpp b/esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.cpp
index 484d5bd281..ef0915d0bc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.cpp
@@ -192,8 +192,6 @@ static constexpr uint8_t DATA_FRAME_FOOTER[HEADER_FOOTER_SIZE] = {0xF8, 0xF7, 0x
 // MAC address the module uses when Bluetooth is disabled
 static constexpr uint8_t NO_MAC[] = {0x08, 0x05, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01};
 
-static inline int two_byte_to_int(char firstbyte, char secondbyte) { return (int16_t) (secondbyte << 8) + firstbyte; }
-
 static inline bool validate_header_footer(const uint8_t *header_footer, const uint8_t *buffer) {
   return std::memcmp(header_footer, buffer, HEADER_FOOTER_SIZE) == 0;
 }
@@ -398,22 +396,19 @@ void LD2412Component::handle_periodic_data_() {
     Detect distance: 16~17th bytes
   */
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
-  SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR(
-      this->moving_target_distance_sensor_,
-      ld2412::two_byte_to_int(this->buffer_data_[MOVING_TARGET_LOW], this->buffer_data_[MOVING_TARGET_HIGH]))
+  SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR(this->moving_target_distance_sensor_,
+                      encode_uint16(this->buffer_data_[MOVING_TARGET_HIGH], this->buffer_data_[MOVING_TARGET_LOW]))
   SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR(this->moving_target_energy_sensor_, this->buffer_data_[MOVING_ENERGY])
-  SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR(
-      this->still_target_distance_sensor_,
-      ld2412::two_byte_to_int(this->buffer_data_[STILL_TARGET_LOW], this->buffer_data_[STILL_TARGET_HIGH]))
+  SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR(this->still_target_distance_sensor_,
+                      encode_uint16(this->buffer_data_[STILL_TARGET_HIGH], this->buffer_data_[STILL_TARGET_LOW]))
   SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR(this->still_target_energy_sensor_, this->buffer_data_[STILL_ENERGY])
   if (this->detection_distance_sensor_ != nullptr) {
     int new_detect_distance = 0;
     if (target_state != 0x00 && (target_state & MOVE_BITMASK)) {
       new_detect_distance =
-          ld2412::two_byte_to_int(this->buffer_data_[MOVING_TARGET_LOW], this->buffer_data_[MOVING_TARGET_HIGH]);
+          encode_uint16(this->buffer_data_[MOVING_TARGET_HIGH], this->buffer_data_[MOVING_TARGET_LOW]);
     } else if (target_state != 0x00) {
-      new_detect_distance =
-          ld2412::two_byte_to_int(this->buffer_data_[STILL_TARGET_LOW], this->buffer_data_[STILL_TARGET_HIGH]);
+      new_detect_distance = encode_uint16(this->buffer_data_[STILL_TARGET_HIGH], this->buffer_data_[STILL_TARGET_LOW]);
     }
     this->detection_distance_sensor_->publish_state_if_not_dup(new_detect_distance);
   }
@@ -637,9 +632,9 @@ bool LD2412Component::handle_ack_data_() {
       /*
         None Duration: 11~12th bytes
       */
-      updates.push_back(set_number_value(this->timeout_number_,
-                                         ld2412::two_byte_to_int(this->buffer_data_[12], this->buffer_data_[13])));
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "timeout_number_: %u", ld2412::two_byte_to_int(this->buffer_data_[12], this->buffer_data_[13]));
+      updates.push_back(
+          set_number_value(this->timeout_number_, encode_uint16(this->buffer_data_[13], this->buffer_data_[12])));
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "timeout_number_: %u", encode_uint16(this->buffer_data_[13], this->buffer_data_[12]));
       /*
         Output pin configuration: 13th bytes
       */

From fdbfac15db79a329629173c1d6ba967f12b43e46 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 28 Feb 2026 14:21:08 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 281/609] [uart] Replace wake-on-RX task+queue with direct ISR
 callback (#14382)

---
 .../uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp           | 101 +++---------------
 .../components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.h  |  21 ++--
 esphome/core/application.h                    |  10 ++
 esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.c               |  14 +++
 esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h               |   5 +
 5 files changed, 52 insertions(+), 99 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp
index 8699d37d7a..631db1e5c7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 #include "uart_component_esp_idf.h"
 #include <cinttypes>
-#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
@@ -10,6 +9,10 @@
 #include "driver/gpio.h"
 #include "soc/gpio_num.h"
 
+#ifdef USE_UART_WAKE_LOOP_ON_RX
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#endif
+
 #ifdef USE_LOGGER
 #include "esphome/components/logger/logger.h"
 #endif
@@ -107,12 +110,6 @@ void IDFUARTComponent::load_settings(bool dump_config) {
   esp_err_t err;
 
   if (uart_is_driver_installed(this->uart_num_)) {
-#ifdef USE_UART_WAKE_LOOP_ON_RX
-    if (this->rx_event_task_handle_ != nullptr) {
-      vTaskDelete(this->rx_event_task_handle_);
-      this->rx_event_task_handle_ = nullptr;
-    }
-#endif
     err = uart_driver_delete(this->uart_num_);
     if (err != ESP_OK) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "uart_driver_delete failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
@@ -120,20 +117,13 @@ void IDFUARTComponent::load_settings(bool dump_config) {
       return;
     }
   }
-#ifdef USE_UART_WAKE_LOOP_ON_RX
-  constexpr int event_queue_size = 20;
-  QueueHandle_t *event_queue_ptr = &this->uart_event_queue_;
-#else
-  constexpr int event_queue_size = 0;
-  QueueHandle_t *event_queue_ptr = nullptr;
-#endif
   err = uart_driver_install(this->uart_num_,        // UART number
                             this->rx_buffer_size_,  // RX ring buffer size
                             0,  // TX ring buffer size. If zero, driver will not use a TX buffer and TX function will
                                 // block task until all data has been sent out
-                            event_queue_size,  // event queue size/depth
-                            event_queue_ptr,   // event queue
-                            0                  // Flags used to allocate the interrupt
+                            0,  // event queue size/depth
+                            nullptr,  // event queue
+                            0         // Flags used to allocate the interrupt
   );
   if (err != ESP_OK) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "uart_driver_install failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
@@ -213,8 +203,10 @@ void IDFUARTComponent::load_settings(bool dump_config) {
   }
 
 #ifdef USE_UART_WAKE_LOOP_ON_RX
-  // Start the RX event task to enable low-latency data notifications
-  this->start_rx_event_task_();
+  // Register ISR callback to wake the main loop when UART data arrives.
+  // The callback runs in ISR context and uses vTaskNotifyGiveFromISR() to
+  // wake the main loop task directly — no queue or FreeRTOS task needed.
+  uart_set_select_notif_callback(this->uart_num_, IDFUARTComponent::uart_rx_isr_callback);
 #endif  // USE_UART_WAKE_LOOP_ON_RX
 
   if (dump_config) {
@@ -345,71 +337,12 @@ void IDFUARTComponent::flush() {
 void IDFUARTComponent::check_logger_conflict() {}
 
 #ifdef USE_UART_WAKE_LOOP_ON_RX
-void IDFUARTComponent::start_rx_event_task_() {
-  // Create FreeRTOS task to monitor UART events
-  BaseType_t result = xTaskCreate(rx_event_task_func,    // Task function
-                                  "uart_rx_evt",         // Task name (max 16 chars)
-                                  2240,                  // Stack size in bytes (~2.2KB); increase if needed for logging
-                                  this,                  // Task parameter (this pointer)
-                                  tskIDLE_PRIORITY + 1,  // Priority (low, just above idle)
-                                  &this->rx_event_task_handle_  // Task handle
-  );
-
-  if (result != pdPASS) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to create RX event task");
-    return;
-  }
-
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "RX event task started");
-}
-
-// FreeRTOS task that relays UART ISR events to the main loop.
-// This task exists because wake_loop_threadsafe() is not ISR-safe (it uses a
-// UDP loopback socket), so we need a task as an ISR-to-main-loop trampoline.
-// IMPORTANT: This task must NOT call any UART wrapper methods (read_array,
-// write_array, peek_byte, etc.) or touch has_peek_/peek_byte_ — all reading
-// is done by the main loop. This task only reads from the event queue and
-// calls App.wake_loop_threadsafe().
-void IDFUARTComponent::rx_event_task_func(void *param) {
-  auto *self = static_cast<IDFUARTComponent *>(param);
-  uart_event_t event;
-
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "RX event task running");
-
-  // Run forever - task lifecycle matches component lifecycle
-  while (true) {
-    // Wait for UART events (blocks efficiently)
-    if (xQueueReceive(self->uart_event_queue_, &event, portMAX_DELAY) == pdTRUE) {
-      switch (event.type) {
-        case UART_DATA:
-          // Data available in UART RX buffer - wake the main loop
-          ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Data event: %d bytes", event.size);
-#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE)
-          App.wake_loop_threadsafe();
-#endif
-          break;
-
-        case UART_FIFO_OVF:
-        case UART_BUFFER_FULL:
-          // Don't call uart_flush_input() here — this task does not own the read side.
-          // ESP-IDF examples flush on overflow because the same task handles both events
-          // and reads, so flush and read are serialized. Here, reads happen on the main
-          // loop, so flushing from this task races with read_array() and can destroy data
-          // mid-read. The driver self-heals without an explicit flush: uart_read_bytes()
-          // calls uart_check_buf_full() after each chunk, which moves stashed FIFO bytes
-          // into the ring buffer and re-enables RX interrupts once space is freed.
-          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "FIFO overflow or ring buffer full");
-#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE)
-          App.wake_loop_threadsafe();
-#endif
-          break;
-
-        default:
-          // Ignore other event types
-          ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Event type: %d", event.type);
-          break;
-      }
-    }
+// ISR callback invoked by the ESP-IDF UART driver when data arrives.
+// Wakes the main loop directly via vTaskNotifyGiveFromISR() — no queue or task needed.
+void IRAM_ATTR IDFUARTComponent::uart_rx_isr_callback(uart_port_t uart_num, uart_select_notif_t uart_select_notif,
+                                                      BaseType_t *task_woken) {
+  if (uart_select_notif == UART_SELECT_READ_NOTIF) {
+    Application::wake_loop_isrsafe(task_woken);
   }
 }
 #endif  // USE_UART_WAKE_LOOP_ON_RX
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.h b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.h
index 1517eab509..631bf54cd5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.h
@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@
 #include <driver/uart.h>
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "uart_component.h"
+#ifdef USE_UART_WAKE_LOOP_ON_RX
+#include <driver/uart_select.h>
+#endif
 
 namespace esphome::uart {
 
@@ -12,9 +15,7 @@ namespace esphome::uart {
 ///
 /// Thread safety: All public methods must only be called from the main loop.
 /// The ESP-IDF UART driver API does not guarantee thread safety, and ESPHome's
-/// peek byte state (has_peek_/peek_byte_) is not synchronized. The rx_event_task
-/// (when enabled) must not call any of these methods — it communicates with the
-/// main loop exclusively via App.wake_loop_threadsafe().
+/// peek byte state (has_peek_/peek_byte_) is not synchronized.
 class IDFUARTComponent : public UARTComponent, public Component {
  public:
   void setup() override;
@@ -33,9 +34,6 @@ class IDFUARTComponent : public UARTComponent, public Component {
   void flush() override;
 
   uint8_t get_hw_serial_number() { return this->uart_num_; }
-#ifdef USE_UART_WAKE_LOOP_ON_RX
-  QueueHandle_t *get_uart_event_queue() { return &this->uart_event_queue_; }
-#endif
 
   /**
    * Load the UART with the current settings.
@@ -61,15 +59,8 @@ class IDFUARTComponent : public UARTComponent, public Component {
   uint8_t peek_byte_;
 
 #ifdef USE_UART_WAKE_LOOP_ON_RX
-  // RX notification support — runs on a separate FreeRTOS task.
-  // IMPORTANT: rx_event_task_func must NOT call any UART wrapper methods (read_array,
-  // write_array, etc.) or touch has_peek_/peek_byte_. It must only read from the
-  // event queue and call App.wake_loop_threadsafe().
-  void start_rx_event_task_();
-  static void rx_event_task_func(void *param);
-
-  QueueHandle_t uart_event_queue_;
-  TaskHandle_t rx_event_task_handle_{nullptr};
+  // ISR callback for UART RX data notification — wakes the main loop directly.
+  static void uart_rx_isr_callback(uart_port_t uart_num, uart_select_notif_t uart_select_notif, BaseType_t *task_woken);
 #endif  // USE_UART_WAKE_LOOP_ON_RX
 };
 
diff --git a/esphome/core/application.h b/esphome/core/application.h
index ba3ce13291..13e0f63885 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.h
+++ b/esphome/core/application.h
@@ -500,6 +500,16 @@ class Application {
   /// On other platforms: uses UDP loopback socket
   void wake_loop_threadsafe();
 #endif
+
+#if defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE) && defined(USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT)
+  /// Wake the main event loop from an ISR.
+  /// Uses vTaskNotifyGiveFromISR() — <1 us, ISR-safe.
+  /// Only available on platforms with fast select (ESP32, LibreTiny).
+  /// @param px_higher_priority_task_woken Set to pdTRUE if a context switch is needed.
+  static void IRAM_ATTR wake_loop_isrsafe(int *px_higher_priority_task_woken) {
+    esphome_lwip_wake_main_loop_from_isr(px_higher_priority_task_woken);
+  }
+#endif
 #endif
 
  protected:
diff --git a/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.c b/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.c
index 88cf23b67e..da0f1f337a 100644
--- a/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.c
+++ b/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.c
@@ -126,6 +126,12 @@
 
 #include <stddef.h>
 
+// IRAM_ATTR is defined by esp_attr.h (included via FreeRTOS headers) on ESP32.
+// On LibreTiny it's not defined — provide a no-op fallback.
+#ifndef IRAM_ATTR
+#define IRAM_ATTR
+#endif
+
 // Compile-time verification of thread safety assumptions.
 // On ESP32 (Xtensa/RISC-V) and LibreTiny (ARM Cortex-M), naturally-aligned
 // reads/writes up to 32 bits are atomic.
@@ -225,4 +231,12 @@ void esphome_lwip_wake_main_loop(void) {
   }
 }
 
+// Wake the main loop from an ISR. ISR-safe variant.
+void IRAM_ATTR esphome_lwip_wake_main_loop_from_isr(int *px_higher_priority_task_woken) {
+  TaskHandle_t task = s_main_loop_task;
+  if (task != NULL) {
+    vTaskNotifyGiveFromISR(task, (BaseType_t *) px_higher_priority_task_woken);
+  }
+}
+
 #endif  // defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
diff --git a/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h b/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h
index b08c946212..b7a70a8f9f 100644
--- a/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h
+++ b/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h
@@ -28,6 +28,11 @@ void esphome_lwip_hook_socket(int fd);
 /// NOT ISR-safe — must only be called from task context.
 void esphome_lwip_wake_main_loop(void);
 
+/// Wake the main loop task from an ISR — costs <1 us.
+/// ISR-safe variant using vTaskNotifyGiveFromISR().
+/// @param px_higher_priority_task_woken Set to pdTRUE if a context switch is needed.
+void esphome_lwip_wake_main_loop_from_isr(int *px_higher_priority_task_woken);
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif

From b7cb65ec4996ba6c1b768908555f53586eb37d4b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 28 Feb 2026 14:23:20 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 282/609] [ci] Fix TypeError in ci-custom.py when POST lint
 checks fail (#14378)

---
 script/ci-custom.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/script/ci-custom.py b/script/ci-custom.py
index 85a446ba0d..f428eb0821 100755
--- a/script/ci-custom.py
+++ b/script/ci-custom.py
@@ -959,7 +959,7 @@ def main():
             continue
         run_checks(LINT_CONTENT_CHECKS, fname, fname, content)
 
-    run_checks(LINT_POST_CHECKS, "POST")
+    run_checks(LINT_POST_CHECKS, Path("POST"))
 
     for f, errs in sorted(errors.items()):
         bold = functools.partial(styled, colorama.Style.BRIGHT)

From c0781d3680f6c816510f7417eeb4523964e08575 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 28 Feb 2026 14:26:08 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 283/609] [ld2450] Use atan2f for angle calculation (#14388)

---
 esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp | 16 ++--------------
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
index d30c164769..5ec3ce47d7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
@@ -168,15 +168,6 @@ static inline int16_t hex_to_signed_int(const uint8_t *buffer, uint8_t offset) {
   return dec_val;
 }
 
-static inline float calculate_angle(float base, float hypotenuse) {
-  if (base < 0.0f || hypotenuse <= 0.0f) {
-    return 0.0f;
-  }
-  float angle_radians = acosf(base / hypotenuse);
-  float angle_degrees = angle_radians * (180.0f / std::numbers::pi_v<float>);
-  return angle_degrees;
-}
-
 static inline bool validate_header_footer(const uint8_t *header_footer, const uint8_t *buffer) {
   return std::memcmp(header_footer, buffer, HEADER_FOOTER_SIZE) == 0;
 }
@@ -510,11 +501,8 @@ void LD2450Component::handle_periodic_data_() {
     }
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
     SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR(this->move_distance_sensors_[index], td);
-    // ANGLE
-    angle = ld2450::calculate_angle(static_cast<float>(ty), static_cast<float>(td));
-    if (tx > 0) {
-      angle = angle * -1;
-    }
+    // ANGLE - atan2f computes angle from Y axis directly, no sqrt/division needed
+    angle = atan2f(static_cast<float>(-tx), static_cast<float>(ty)) * (180.0f / std::numbers::pi_v<float>);
     SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR(this->move_angle_sensors_[index], angle);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR

From 80e0761bf1c1085296aa785405e57e2c16cc6e38 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 28 Feb 2026 14:26:31 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 284/609] [ld2450] Use integer dedup for direction text sensor
 updates (#14386)

---
 esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp | 9 +++++----
 esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h   | 3 ++-
 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
index 5ec3ce47d7..ca64836bf8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
@@ -516,10 +516,11 @@ void LD2450Component::handle_periodic_data_() {
     } else {
       direction = DIRECTION_STATIONARY;
     }
-    text_sensor::TextSensor *tsd = this->direction_text_sensors_[index];
-    const auto *dir_str = find_str(ld2450::DIRECTION_BY_UINT, direction);
-    if (tsd != nullptr && (!tsd->has_state() || tsd->get_state() != dir_str)) {
-      tsd->publish_state(dir_str);
+    if (this->direction_dedup_[index].next(direction)) {
+      text_sensor::TextSensor *tsd = this->direction_text_sensors_[index];
+      if (tsd != nullptr) {
+        tsd->publish_state(find_str(ld2450::DIRECTION_BY_UINT, direction));
+      }
     }
 #endif
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h
index 30f96c0a9c..518b320b0a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h
@@ -194,7 +194,8 @@ class LD2450Component : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
   std::array<SensorWithDedup<uint8_t> *, MAX_ZONES> zone_moving_target_count_sensors_{};
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
-  std::array<text_sensor::TextSensor *, 3> direction_text_sensors_{};
+  std::array<text_sensor::TextSensor *, MAX_TARGETS> direction_text_sensors_{};
+  std::array<Deduplicator<uint8_t>, MAX_TARGETS> direction_dedup_{};
 #endif
 
   LazyCallbackManager<void()> data_callback_;

From 82e620bcf5239bf1ad540986a54c50b2e3689326 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 28 Feb 2026 14:26:55 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 285/609] [ld2450] Single-pass zone target counting (#14387)

---
 esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp | 22 ++++++++++++----------
 esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h   |  2 +-
 2 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
index ca64836bf8..583918e5f5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
@@ -283,16 +283,19 @@ void LD2450Component::loop() {
   }
 }
 
-// Count targets in zone
-uint8_t LD2450Component::count_targets_in_zone_(const Zone &zone, bool is_moving) {
-  uint8_t count = 0;
-  for (auto &index : this->target_info_) {
-    if (index.x > zone.x1 && index.x < zone.x2 && index.y > zone.y1 && index.y < zone.y2 &&
-        index.is_moving == is_moving) {
-      count++;
+// Count targets in zone (single pass for both still and moving)
+void LD2450Component::count_targets_in_zone_(const Zone &zone, uint8_t &still, uint8_t &moving) {
+  still = 0;
+  moving = 0;
+  for (auto &target : this->target_info_) {
+    if (target.x > zone.x1 && target.x < zone.x2 && target.y > zone.y1 && target.y < zone.y2) {
+      if (target.is_moving) {
+        moving++;
+      } else {
+        still++;
+      }
     }
   }
-  return count;
 }
 
 // Service reset_radar_zone
@@ -540,8 +543,7 @@ void LD2450Component::handle_periodic_data_() {
   uint8_t zone_moving_targets = 0;
   uint8_t zone_all_targets = 0;
   for (index = 0; index < MAX_ZONES; index++) {
-    zone_still_targets = this->count_targets_in_zone_(this->zone_config_[index], false);
-    zone_moving_targets = this->count_targets_in_zone_(this->zone_config_[index], true);
+    this->count_targets_in_zone_(this->zone_config_[index], zone_still_targets, zone_moving_targets);
     zone_all_targets = zone_still_targets + zone_moving_targets;
 
     // Publish Still Target Count in Zones
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h
index 518b320b0a..39b0ebd9da 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ class LD2450Component : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
   void save_to_flash_(float value);
   float restore_from_flash_();
   bool get_timeout_status_(uint32_t check_millis);
-  uint8_t count_targets_in_zone_(const Zone &zone, bool is_moving);
+  void count_targets_in_zone_(const Zone &zone, uint8_t &still, uint8_t &moving);
 
   uint32_t presence_millis_ = 0;
   uint32_t still_presence_millis_ = 0;

From 3f97b3b7066c52bb7df8a9e5e686d290d7e88e23 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 28 Feb 2026 14:27:06 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 286/609] [core] Extract set_status_flag_ helper to deduplicate
 status_set methods (#14384)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/core/component.cpp | 25 +++++++++++--------------
 esphome/core/component.h   |  6 ++++++
 2 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/component.cpp b/esphome/core/component.cpp
index 1fd621ea83..fd4e0d2984 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/component.cpp
@@ -383,31 +383,30 @@ bool Component::is_idle() const { return (this->component_state_ & COMPONENT_STA
 bool Component::can_proceed() { return true; }
 bool Component::status_has_warning() const { return this->component_state_ & STATUS_LED_WARNING; }
 bool Component::status_has_error() const { return this->component_state_ & STATUS_LED_ERROR; }
+bool Component::set_status_flag_(uint8_t flag) {
+  if ((this->component_state_ & flag) != 0)
+    return false;
+  this->component_state_ |= flag;
+  App.app_state_ |= flag;
+  return true;
+}
 
 void Component::status_set_warning(const char *message) {
-  // Don't spam the log. This risks missing different warning messages though.
-  if ((this->component_state_ & STATUS_LED_WARNING) != 0)
+  if (!this->set_status_flag_(STATUS_LED_WARNING))
     return;
-  this->component_state_ |= STATUS_LED_WARNING;
-  App.app_state_ |= STATUS_LED_WARNING;
   ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s set Warning flag: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(this->get_component_log_str()),
            message ? message : LOG_STR_LITERAL("unspecified"));
 }
 void Component::status_set_warning(const LogString *message) {
-  // Don't spam the log. This risks missing different warning messages though.
-  if ((this->component_state_ & STATUS_LED_WARNING) != 0)
+  if (!this->set_status_flag_(STATUS_LED_WARNING))
     return;
-  this->component_state_ |= STATUS_LED_WARNING;
-  App.app_state_ |= STATUS_LED_WARNING;
   ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s set Warning flag: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(this->get_component_log_str()),
            message ? LOG_STR_ARG(message) : LOG_STR_LITERAL("unspecified"));
 }
 void Component::status_set_error() { this->status_set_error((const LogString *) nullptr); }
 void Component::status_set_error(const char *message) {
-  if ((this->component_state_ & STATUS_LED_ERROR) != 0)
+  if (!this->set_status_flag_(STATUS_LED_ERROR))
     return;
-  this->component_state_ |= STATUS_LED_ERROR;
-  App.app_state_ |= STATUS_LED_ERROR;
   ESP_LOGE(TAG, "%s set Error flag: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(this->get_component_log_str()),
            message ? message : LOG_STR_LITERAL("unspecified"));
   if (message != nullptr) {
@@ -415,10 +414,8 @@ void Component::status_set_error(const char *message) {
   }
 }
 void Component::status_set_error(const LogString *message) {
-  if ((this->component_state_ & STATUS_LED_ERROR) != 0)
+  if (!this->set_status_flag_(STATUS_LED_ERROR))
     return;
-  this->component_state_ |= STATUS_LED_ERROR;
-  App.app_state_ |= STATUS_LED_ERROR;
   ESP_LOGE(TAG, "%s set Error flag: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(this->get_component_log_str()),
            message ? LOG_STR_ARG(message) : LOG_STR_LITERAL("unspecified"));
   if (message != nullptr) {
diff --git a/esphome/core/component.h b/esphome/core/component.h
index 0b0b6345c7..6b920da290 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component.h
+++ b/esphome/core/component.h
@@ -299,6 +299,12 @@ class Component {
     this->component_state_ |= state;
   }
 
+  /// Helper to set a status LED flag on both this component and the app.
+  /// Returns true if the flag was newly set, false if it was already set.
+  /// Note: Callers often use the return value to decide whether to log a warning/error,
+  /// so once a flag is set, subsequent (potentially different) messages may be suppressed.
+  bool set_status_flag_(uint8_t flag);
+
   /** Set an interval function with a unique name. Empty name means no cancelling possible.
    *
    * This will call f every interval ms. Can be cancelled via CancelInterval().

From 19bbd39e334332d5ebc3f33a2a435e96ab54555f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 28 Feb 2026 17:06:46 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 287/609] [uart] Enable wake-on-RX by default on ESP32 (#14391)

---
 esphome/components/uart/__init__.py        | 42 +++++-----------------
 esphome/components/zwave_proxy/__init__.py |  3 --
 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/__init__.py b/esphome/components/uart/__init__.py
index a6f4cf5d5f..69db4b44aa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-from dataclasses import dataclass
 from logging import getLogger
 import math
 import re
@@ -117,38 +116,6 @@ MULTI_CONF = True
 MULTI_CONF_NO_DEFAULT = True
 
 
-@dataclass
-class UARTData:
-    """State data for UART component configuration generation."""
-
-    wake_loop_on_rx: bool = False
-
-
-def _get_data() -> UARTData:
-    """Get UART component data from CORE.data."""
-    if DOMAIN not in CORE.data:
-        CORE.data[DOMAIN] = UARTData()
-    return CORE.data[DOMAIN]
-
-
-def request_wake_loop_on_rx() -> None:
-    """Request that the UART wake the main loop when data is received.
-
-    Components that need low-latency notification of incoming UART data
-    should call this function during their code generation.
-    This enables the RX event task which wakes the main loop when data arrives.
-    """
-    data = _get_data()
-    if not data.wake_loop_on_rx:
-        data.wake_loop_on_rx = True
-
-        # UART RX event task uses wake_loop_threadsafe() to notify the main loop
-        # Automatically enable the socket wake infrastructure when RX wake is requested
-        from esphome.components import socket
-
-        socket.require_wake_loop_threadsafe()
-
-
 def validate_raw_data(value):
     if isinstance(value, str):
         return value.encode("utf-8")
@@ -542,7 +509,14 @@ async def uart_write_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
 async def final_step():
     """Final code generation step to configure optional UART features."""
-    if _get_data().wake_loop_on_rx:
+    if CORE.is_esp32 and CORE.has_networking:
+        # Wake-on-RX is essentially free on ESP32 (just an ISR function pointer
+        # registration) — enable by default to reduce RX buffer overflow risk
+        # by waking the main loop immediately when data arrives.
+        # Requires networking for the wake_loop_isrsafe() infrastructure.
+        from esphome.components import socket
+
+        socket.require_wake_loop_threadsafe()
         cg.add_define("USE_UART_WAKE_LOOP_ON_RX")
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/__init__.py b/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/__init__.py
index 5be05bb464..d88f9f7041 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/__init__.py
@@ -41,6 +41,3 @@ async def to_code(config):
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
     cg.add_define("USE_ZWAVE_PROXY")
-
-    # Request UART to wake the main loop when data arrives for low-latency processing
-    uart.request_wake_loop_on_rx()

From a1760a198047d92a36fe9c8af01ca5c86f736d80 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 1 Mar 2026 10:23:10 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 288/609] [improv_serial] Add missing USE_IMPROV_SERIAL define
 to fix WiFi scan filtering (#14359)

---
 esphome/components/improv_serial/__init__.py         | 1 +
 esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp           | 2 +-
 esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h             | 4 ++--
 esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp   | 2 +-
 esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp_idf.cpp   | 2 +-
 esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_libretiny.cpp | 2 +-
 esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp    | 2 +-
 esphome/core/defines.h                               | 1 +
 8 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/improv_serial/__init__.py b/esphome/components/improv_serial/__init__.py
index 9a2ac2f40f..4266f5b78b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/improv_serial/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/improv_serial/__init__.py
@@ -43,3 +43,4 @@ async def to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await improv_base.setup_improv_core(var, config, "improv_serial")
+    cg.add_define("USE_IMPROV_SERIAL")
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
index 1e6961b8bd..7d5d0133c1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
@@ -2121,7 +2121,7 @@ bool WiFiComponent::can_proceed() {
 #endif
 
 void WiFiComponent::set_reboot_timeout(uint32_t reboot_timeout) { this->reboot_timeout_ = reboot_timeout; }
-bool WiFiComponent::is_connected() {
+bool WiFiComponent::is_connected() const {
   return this->state_ == WIFI_COMPONENT_STATE_STA_CONNECTED &&
          this->wifi_sta_connect_status_() == WiFiSTAConnectStatus::CONNECTED && !this->error_from_callback_;
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
index 63c7039f21..a6f03a08d9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ class WiFiComponent : public Component {
 
   void set_reboot_timeout(uint32_t reboot_timeout);
 
-  bool is_connected();
+  bool is_connected() const;
 
   void set_power_save_mode(WiFiPowerSaveMode power_save);
   void set_min_auth_mode(WifiMinAuthMode min_auth_mode) { min_auth_mode_ = min_auth_mode; }
@@ -677,7 +677,7 @@ class WiFiComponent : public Component {
   bool wifi_apply_hostname_();
   bool wifi_sta_connect_(const WiFiAP &ap);
   void wifi_pre_setup_();
-  WiFiSTAConnectStatus wifi_sta_connect_status_();
+  WiFiSTAConnectStatus wifi_sta_connect_status_() const;
   bool wifi_scan_start_(bool passive);
 
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_AP
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
index 8911bf15e0..bd6a18a99b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@ void WiFiComponent::wifi_pre_setup_() {
   this->wifi_mode_(false, false);
 }
 
-WiFiSTAConnectStatus WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_connect_status_() {
+WiFiSTAConnectStatus WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_connect_status_() const {
   station_status_t status = wifi_station_get_connect_status();
   if (status == STATION_GOT_IP)
     return WiFiSTAConnectStatus::CONNECTED;
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp_idf.cpp
index 57bbceb1b8..734d186205 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp_idf.cpp
@@ -921,7 +921,7 @@ void WiFiComponent::wifi_process_event_(IDFWiFiEvent *data) {
   }
 }
 
-WiFiSTAConnectStatus WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_connect_status_() {
+WiFiSTAConnectStatus WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_connect_status_() const {
   if (s_sta_connected && this->got_ipv4_address_) {
 #if USE_NETWORK_IPV6 && (USE_NETWORK_MIN_IPV6_ADDR_COUNT > 0)
     if (this->num_ipv6_addresses_ >= USE_NETWORK_MIN_IPV6_ADDR_COUNT) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_libretiny.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_libretiny.cpp
index 1c5490a3ac..4c4150e44d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_libretiny.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_libretiny.cpp
@@ -634,7 +634,7 @@ void WiFiComponent::wifi_pre_setup_() {
   // Make sure WiFi is in clean state before anything starts
   this->wifi_mode_(false, false);
 }
-WiFiSTAConnectStatus WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_connect_status_() {
+WiFiSTAConnectStatus WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_connect_status_() const {
   // Use state machine instead of querying WiFi.status() directly
   // State is updated in main loop from queued events, ensuring thread safety
   switch (s_sta_state) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp
index 9b2c077dc5..270425d8c2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ const char *get_disconnect_reason_str(uint8_t reason) {
   return "UNKNOWN";
 }
 
-WiFiSTAConnectStatus WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_connect_status_() {
+WiFiSTAConnectStatus WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_connect_status_() const {
   // Use cyw43_wifi_link_status instead of cyw43_tcpip_link_status because the Arduino
   // framework's __wrap_cyw43_cb_tcpip_init is a no-op — the SDK's internal netif
   // (cyw43_state.netif[]) is never initialized. cyw43_tcpip_link_status checks that netif's
diff --git a/esphome/core/defines.h b/esphome/core/defines.h
index 5c982c94b1..181425c162 100644
--- a/esphome/core/defines.h
+++ b/esphome/core/defines.h
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
 #define USE_HOMEASSISTANT_TIME
 #define USE_HTTP_REQUEST_OTA_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT 8000  // NOLINT
 #define USE_IMAGE
+#define USE_IMPROV_SERIAL
 #define USE_IMPROV_SERIAL_NEXT_URL
 #define USE_INFRARED
 #define USE_IR_RF

From 48b5cae6c4692c6f563b1c250aa266e31b0b1b98 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 1 Mar 2026 11:32:44 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 289/609] [api] Use StringRef for user service string arguments
 (#13974)

---
 esphome/automation.py                         |  57 +++++-
 esphome/components/api/__init__.py            |  15 +-
 esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp     |  43 +++--
 esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h     |   4 +
 .../components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp |  30 ++-
 .../api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp        |   7 +-
 esphome/components/api/user_services.cpp      |   5 +
 esphome/components/button/__init__.py         |   4 +-
 esphome/components/cover/__init__.py          |  20 +-
 esphome/components/fan/__init__.py            |   9 +-
 esphome/components/globals/__init__.py        |   1 +
 esphome/components/light/automation.py        |  12 +-
 esphome/components/logger/__init__.py         |   4 +-
 esphome/components/mqtt/__init__.py           |   7 +-
 esphome/components/number/__init__.py         |   6 +
 esphome/components/output/__init__.py         |   7 +-
 esphome/components/script/__init__.py         |   2 +
 esphome/components/select/__init__.py         |   7 +
 esphome/components/switch/__init__.py         |  14 +-
 esphome/components/text/__init__.py           |   1 +
 esphome/core/string_ref.h                     |  14 ++
 esphome/util.py                               |  16 +-
 tests/unit_tests/test_automation.py           | 177 ++++++++++++++++++
 23 files changed, 406 insertions(+), 56 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/unit_tests/test_automation.py

diff --git a/esphome/automation.py b/esphome/automation.py
index 2439b1ddc4..d9b8b2ec57 100644
--- a/esphome/automation.py
+++ b/esphome/automation.py
@@ -57,8 +57,23 @@ def maybe_conf(conf, *validators):
     return validate
 
 
-def register_action(name: str, action_type: MockObjClass, schema: cv.Schema):
-    return ACTION_REGISTRY.register(name, action_type, schema)
+def register_action(
+    name: str,
+    action_type: MockObjClass,
+    schema: cv.Schema,
+    *,
+    synchronous: bool = False,
+):
+    """Register an action type.
+
+    Actions default to ``synchronous=False`` (safe default), meaning string
+    arguments use owning std::string to prevent dangling references.
+
+    Set ``synchronous=True`` only for actions that complete synchronously
+    and never store trigger arguments for later execution.  This allows
+    the code generator to use non-owning StringRef for zero-copy access.
+    """
+    return ACTION_REGISTRY.register(name, action_type, schema, synchronous=synchronous)
 
 
 def register_condition(name: str, condition_type: MockObjClass, schema: cv.Schema):
@@ -335,7 +350,9 @@ async def component_is_idle_condition_to_code(
 
 
 @register_action(
-    "delay", DelayAction, cv.templatable(cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds)
+    "delay",
+    DelayAction,
+    cv.templatable(cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds),
 )
 async def delay_action_to_code(
     config: ConfigType,
@@ -366,6 +383,7 @@ async def delay_action_to_code(
         cv.has_at_least_one_key(CONF_THEN, CONF_ELSE),
         cv.has_at_least_one_key(CONF_CONDITION, CONF_ANY, CONF_ALL),
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def if_action_to_code(
     config: ConfigType,
@@ -394,6 +412,7 @@ async def if_action_to_code(
             cv.Required(CONF_THEN): validate_action_list,
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def while_action_to_code(
     config: ConfigType,
@@ -417,6 +436,7 @@ async def while_action_to_code(
             cv.Required(CONF_THEN): validate_action_list,
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def repeat_action_to_code(
     config: ConfigType,
@@ -461,7 +481,12 @@ async def wait_until_action_to_code(
     return var
 
 
-@register_action("lambda", LambdaAction, cv.lambda_)
+# Lambda executes user C++ inline and returns — synchronous by execution model.
+# User code could theoretically store the StringRef for deferred use, but StringRef
+# is a view type and storing views beyond their scope is always unsafe regardless
+# of this optimization.  Marking non-synchronous would disable StringRef for nearly
+# all user services since most use lambda.
+@register_action("lambda", LambdaAction, cv.lambda_, synchronous=True)
 async def lambda_action_to_code(
     config: ConfigType,
     action_id: ID,
@@ -480,6 +505,7 @@ async def lambda_action_to_code(
             cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(cg.PollingComponent),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def component_update_action_to_code(
     config: ConfigType,
@@ -499,6 +525,7 @@ async def component_update_action_to_code(
             cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(cg.PollingComponent),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def component_suspend_action_to_code(
     config: ConfigType,
@@ -521,6 +548,7 @@ async def component_suspend_action_to_code(
             ),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def component_resume_action_to_code(
     config: ConfigType,
@@ -578,6 +606,27 @@ async def build_condition_list(
     return conditions
 
 
+def has_non_synchronous_actions(actions: ConfigType) -> bool:
+    """Check if a validated action list contains any non-synchronous actions.
+
+    Non-synchronous actions (delay, wait_until, script.wait, etc.) store
+    trigger args for later execution, making non-owning types like StringRef
+    unsafe.  Actions that haven't been audited default to non-synchronous.
+    """
+    if isinstance(actions, list):
+        return any(has_non_synchronous_actions(item) for item in actions)
+    if isinstance(actions, dict):
+        for key in actions:
+            if key in ACTION_REGISTRY and not ACTION_REGISTRY[key].synchronous:
+                return True
+        return any(
+            has_non_synchronous_actions(v)
+            for v in actions.values()
+            if isinstance(v, (list, dict))
+        )
+    return False
+
+
 async def build_automation(
     trigger: MockObj, args: TemplateArgsType, config: ConfigType
 ) -> MockObj:
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/__init__.py b/esphome/components/api/__init__.py
index 3f7cafb485..d7b6bec357 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/api/__init__.py
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ SERVICE_ARG_NATIVE_TYPES: dict[str, MockObj] = {
     "bool": cg.bool_,
     "int": cg.int32,
     "float": cg.float_,
-    "string": cg.std_string,
+    "string": cg.StringRef,
     "bool[]": cg.FixedVector.template(cg.bool_).operator("const").operator("ref"),
     "int[]": cg.FixedVector.template(cg.int32).operator("const").operator("ref"),
     "float[]": cg.FixedVector.template(cg.float_).operator("const").operator("ref"),
@@ -380,9 +380,18 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
                 if is_optional:
                     func_args.append((cg.bool_, "return_response"))
 
+            # Check if action chain has non-synchronous actions that would make
+            # non-owning StringRef dangle (rx_buf_ reused after delay)
+            has_non_synchronous = automation.has_non_synchronous_actions(
+                conf.get(CONF_THEN, [])
+            )
+
             service_arg_names: list[str] = []
             for name, var_ in conf[CONF_VARIABLES].items():
                 native = SERVICE_ARG_NATIVE_TYPES[var_]
+                # Fall back to std::string for string args if non-synchronous actions exist
+                if has_non_synchronous and native is cg.StringRef:
+                    native = cg.std_string
                 service_template_args.append(native)
                 func_args.append((native, name))
                 service_arg_names.append(name)
@@ -509,11 +518,13 @@ HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     "homeassistant.action",
     HomeAssistantServiceCallAction,
     HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
     "homeassistant.service",
     HomeAssistantServiceCallAction,
     HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def homeassistant_service_to_code(
     config: ConfigType,
@@ -604,6 +615,7 @@ HOMEASSISTANT_EVENT_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     "homeassistant.event",
     HomeAssistantServiceCallAction,
     HOMEASSISTANT_EVENT_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def homeassistant_event_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     cg.add_define("USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES")
@@ -644,6 +656,7 @@ HOMEASSISTANT_TAG_SCANNED_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
     "homeassistant.tag_scanned",
     HomeAssistantServiceCallAction,
     HOMEASSISTANT_TAG_SCANNED_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def homeassistant_tag_scanned_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     cg.add_define("USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES")
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
index 8b2efdde51..215af611db 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
@@ -1711,37 +1711,42 @@ void APIConnection::on_home_assistant_state_response(const HomeAssistantStateRes
     return;
   }
 
+  // Null-terminate state in-place for safe c_str() usage (e.g., parse_number in callbacks).
+  // Safe: decode is complete, byte after string data was already consumed during parse,
+  // and frame helpers reserve RX_BUF_NULL_TERMINATOR extra byte in rx_buf_.
+  // const_cast is safe: msg references mutable rx_buf_ data; the const& handler
+  // signature is a generated protobuf pattern, not a true immutability contract.
+  if (!msg.state.empty()) {
+    const_cast<char *>(msg.state.c_str())[msg.state.size()] = '\0';
+  }
+
   for (auto &it : this->parent_->get_state_subs()) {
-    // Compare entity_id: check length matches and content matches
-    size_t entity_id_len = strlen(it.entity_id);
-    if (entity_id_len != msg.entity_id.size() ||
-        memcmp(it.entity_id, msg.entity_id.c_str(), msg.entity_id.size()) != 0) {
+    if (msg.entity_id != it.entity_id) {
       continue;
     }
 
-    // Compare attribute: either both have matching attribute, or both have none
-    size_t sub_attr_len = it.attribute != nullptr ? strlen(it.attribute) : 0;
-    if (sub_attr_len != msg.attribute.size() ||
-        (sub_attr_len > 0 && memcmp(it.attribute, msg.attribute.c_str(), sub_attr_len) != 0)) {
+    // If subscriber has attribute filter (non-null), message attribute must match it;
+    // if subscriber has no filter (nullptr), message must have no attribute.
+    if (it.attribute != nullptr ? msg.attribute != it.attribute : !msg.attribute.empty()) {
       continue;
     }
 
-    // Create null-terminated state for callback (parse_number needs null-termination)
-    // HA state max length is 255 characters, but attributes can be much longer
-    // Use stack buffer for common case (states), heap fallback for large attributes
-    size_t state_len = msg.state.size();
-    SmallBufferWithHeapFallback<MAX_STATE_LEN + 1> state_buf_alloc(state_len + 1);
-    char *state_buf = reinterpret_cast<char *>(state_buf_alloc.get());
-    if (state_len > 0) {
-      memcpy(state_buf, msg.state.c_str(), state_len);
-    }
-    state_buf[state_len] = '\0';
-    it.callback(StringRef(state_buf, state_len));
+    it.callback(msg.state);
   }
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
 void APIConnection::on_execute_service_request(const ExecuteServiceRequest &msg) {
+  // Null-terminate string args in-place for safe c_str() usage in YAML service triggers.
+  // Safe: full ExecuteServiceRequest decode is complete, all bytes in rx_buf_ consumed,
+  // and frame helpers reserve RX_BUF_NULL_TERMINATOR extra byte for the last field.
+  // const_cast is safe: msg references mutable rx_buf_ data; the const& handler
+  // signature is a generated protobuf pattern, not a true immutability contract.
+  for (auto &arg : const_cast<ExecuteServiceRequest &>(msg).args) {
+    if (!arg.string_.empty()) {
+      const_cast<char *>(arg.string_.c_str())[arg.string_.size()] = '\0';
+    }
+  }
   bool found = false;
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
   // Register the call and get a unique server-generated action_call_id
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h
index 03f3814bb9..2b4e9ea3cd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h
@@ -29,6 +29,10 @@ static constexpr uint16_t MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE = 8192;  // 8 KiB for ESP8266
 static constexpr uint16_t MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE = 32768;  // 32 KiB for ESP32 and other platforms
 #endif
 
+// Extra byte reserved in rx_buf_ beyond the message size so protobuf
+// StringRef fields can be null-terminated in-place after decode.
+static constexpr uint16_t RX_BUF_NULL_TERMINATOR = 1;
+
 // Maximum number of messages to batch in a single write operation
 // Must be >= MAX_INITIAL_PER_BATCH in api_connection.h (enforced by static_assert there)
 static constexpr size_t MAX_MESSAGES_PER_BATCH = 34;
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp
index 2aad732f7f..3ae35e9be8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp
@@ -194,16 +194,21 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::try_read_frame_() {
   uint16_t msg_size = (((uint16_t) rx_header_buf_[1]) << 8) | rx_header_buf_[2];
 
   // Check against size limits to prevent OOM: MAX_HANDSHAKE_SIZE for handshake, MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE for data
-  uint16_t limit = (state_ == State::DATA) ? MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE : MAX_HANDSHAKE_SIZE;
+  bool is_data = (state_ == State::DATA);
+  uint16_t limit = is_data ? MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE : MAX_HANDSHAKE_SIZE;
   if (msg_size > limit) {
     state_ = State::FAILED;
     HELPER_LOG("Bad packet: message size %u exceeds maximum %u", msg_size, limit);
-    return (state_ == State::DATA) ? APIError::BAD_DATA_PACKET : APIError::BAD_HANDSHAKE_PACKET_LEN;
+    return is_data ? APIError::BAD_DATA_PACKET : APIError::BAD_HANDSHAKE_PACKET_LEN;
   }
 
-  // Reserve space for body
-  if (this->rx_buf_.size() != msg_size) {
-    this->rx_buf_.resize(msg_size);
+  // Reserve space for body (+ null terminator in DATA state so protobuf
+  // StringRef fields can be safely null-terminated in-place after decode.
+  // During handshake, rx_buf_.size() is used in prologue construction, so
+  // the buffer must be exactly msg_size to avoid prologue mismatch.)
+  uint16_t alloc_size = msg_size + (is_data ? RX_BUF_NULL_TERMINATOR : 0);
+  if (this->rx_buf_.size() != alloc_size) {
+    this->rx_buf_.resize(alloc_size);
   }
 
   if (rx_buf_len_ < msg_size) {
@@ -407,7 +412,18 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) {
 
   NoiseBuffer mbuf;
   noise_buffer_init(mbuf);
-  noise_buffer_set_inout(mbuf, this->rx_buf_.data(), this->rx_buf_.size(), this->rx_buf_.size());
+  // read_packet() must only be called in DATA state; the extra
+  // RX_BUF_NULL_TERMINATOR byte is only allocated in DATA state
+  // (see try_read_frame_), so calling this during handshake would
+  // underflow the size calculation below.
+#ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_API
+  assert(this->state_ == State::DATA);
+#endif
+  // rx_buf_ has RX_BUF_NULL_TERMINATOR extra byte for null termination
+  // (only added in DATA state — see try_read_frame_), so subtract it
+  // to get the actual encrypted data size for decryption.
+  size_t encrypted_size = this->rx_buf_.size() - RX_BUF_NULL_TERMINATOR;
+  noise_buffer_set_inout(mbuf, this->rx_buf_.data(), encrypted_size, encrypted_size);
   int err = noise_cipherstate_decrypt(this->recv_cipher_, &mbuf);
   APIError decrypt_err =
       handle_noise_error_(err, LOG_STR("noise_cipherstate_decrypt"), APIError::CIPHERSTATE_DECRYPT_FAILED);
@@ -574,7 +590,9 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::init_handshake_() {
 }
 
 APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::check_handshake_finished_() {
+#ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_API
   assert(state_ == State::HANDSHAKE);
+#endif
 
   int action = noise_handshakestate_get_action(handshake_);
   if (action == NOISE_ACTION_READ_MESSAGE || action == NOISE_ACTION_WRITE_MESSAGE)
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp
index 5069dbf68b..e2bb56e0ac 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp
@@ -163,9 +163,10 @@ APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::try_read_frame_() {
   }
   // header reading done
 
-  // Reserve space for body
-  if (this->rx_buf_.size() != this->rx_header_parsed_len_) {
-    this->rx_buf_.resize(this->rx_header_parsed_len_);
+  // Reserve space for body (+ null terminator so protobuf StringRef fields
+  // can be safely null-terminated in-place after decode)
+  if (this->rx_buf_.size() != this->rx_header_parsed_len_ + RX_BUF_NULL_TERMINATOR) {
+    this->rx_buf_.resize(this->rx_header_parsed_len_ + RX_BUF_NULL_TERMINATOR);
   }
 
   if (rx_buf_len_ < rx_header_parsed_len_) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/user_services.cpp b/esphome/components/api/user_services.cpp
index 9c2b4aa79a..28a43c656c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/user_services.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/user_services.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "user_services.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
 
 namespace esphome::api {
 
@@ -11,6 +12,8 @@ template<> int32_t get_execute_arg_value<int32_t>(const ExecuteServiceArgument &
 }
 template<> float get_execute_arg_value<float>(const ExecuteServiceArgument &arg) { return arg.float_; }
 template<> std::string get_execute_arg_value<std::string>(const ExecuteServiceArgument &arg) { return arg.string_; }
+// Zero-copy StringRef version for YAML-generated services (string_ is null-terminated after decode)
+template<> StringRef get_execute_arg_value<StringRef>(const ExecuteServiceArgument &arg) { return arg.string_; }
 
 // Legacy std::vector versions for external components using custom_api_device.h - optimized with reserve
 template<> std::vector<bool> get_execute_arg_value<std::vector<bool>>(const ExecuteServiceArgument &arg) {
@@ -61,6 +64,8 @@ template<> enums::ServiceArgType to_service_arg_type<bool>() { return enums::SER
 template<> enums::ServiceArgType to_service_arg_type<int32_t>() { return enums::SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_INT; }
 template<> enums::ServiceArgType to_service_arg_type<float>() { return enums::SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_FLOAT; }
 template<> enums::ServiceArgType to_service_arg_type<std::string>() { return enums::SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_STRING; }
+// Zero-copy StringRef version for YAML-generated services
+template<> enums::ServiceArgType to_service_arg_type<StringRef>() { return enums::SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_STRING; }
 
 // Legacy std::vector versions for external components using custom_api_device.h
 template<> enums::ServiceArgType to_service_arg_type<std::vector<bool>>() { return enums::SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_BOOL_ARRAY; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/button/__init__.py
index d2f143b97e..94816a0974 100644
--- a/esphome/components/button/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/button/__init__.py
@@ -123,7 +123,9 @@ BUTTON_PRESS_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
 )
 
 
-@automation.register_action("button.press", PressAction, BUTTON_PRESS_SCHEMA)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "button.press", PressAction, BUTTON_PRESS_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def button_press_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
diff --git a/esphome/components/cover/__init__.py b/esphome/components/cover/__init__.py
index 648fe7decf..17095f41f6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cover/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cover/__init__.py
@@ -248,25 +248,33 @@ COVER_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
 )
 
 
-@automation.register_action("cover.open", OpenAction, COVER_ACTION_SCHEMA)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "cover.open", OpenAction, COVER_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def cover_open_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
 
-@automation.register_action("cover.close", CloseAction, COVER_ACTION_SCHEMA)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "cover.close", CloseAction, COVER_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def cover_close_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
 
-@automation.register_action("cover.stop", StopAction, COVER_ACTION_SCHEMA)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "cover.stop", StopAction, COVER_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def cover_stop_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
 
-@automation.register_action("cover.toggle", ToggleAction, COVER_ACTION_SCHEMA)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "cover.toggle", ToggleAction, COVER_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def cover_toggle_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
@@ -283,7 +291,9 @@ COVER_CONTROL_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-@automation.register_action("cover.control", ControlAction, COVER_CONTROL_ACTION_SCHEMA)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "cover.control", ControlAction, COVER_CONTROL_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def cover_control_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
diff --git a/esphome/components/fan/__init__.py b/esphome/components/fan/__init__.py
index 6010aa8ed4..e839df6aee 100644
--- a/esphome/components/fan/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/fan/__init__.py
@@ -311,13 +311,17 @@ FAN_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
 )
 
 
-@automation.register_action("fan.toggle", ToggleAction, FAN_ACTION_SCHEMA)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "fan.toggle", ToggleAction, FAN_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def fan_toggle_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
 
-@automation.register_action("fan.turn_off", TurnOffAction, FAN_ACTION_SCHEMA)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "fan.turn_off", TurnOffAction, FAN_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def fan_turn_off_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
@@ -336,6 +340,7 @@ async def fan_turn_off_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             ),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def fan_turn_on_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/globals/__init__.py b/esphome/components/globals/__init__.py
index fc400c5dd1..fe11a93a4b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/globals/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/globals/__init__.py
@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             cv.Required(CONF_VALUE): cv.templatable(cv.string_strict),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def globals_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     full_id, paren = await cg.get_variable_with_full_id(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/automation.py b/esphome/components/light/automation.py
index e5aa8fa0e9..89b2fc0fb2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/automation.py
+++ b/esphome/components/light/automation.py
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ from .types import (
             ),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def light_toggle_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -111,13 +112,13 @@ LIGHT_TURN_ON_ACTION_SCHEMA = automation.maybe_simple_id(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "light.turn_off", LightControlAction, LIGHT_TURN_OFF_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "light.turn_off", LightControlAction, LIGHT_TURN_OFF_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "light.turn_on", LightControlAction, LIGHT_TURN_ON_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "light.turn_on", LightControlAction, LIGHT_TURN_ON_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "light.control", LightControlAction, LIGHT_CONTROL_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "light.control", LightControlAction, LIGHT_CONTROL_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
 async def light_control_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -193,7 +194,10 @@ LIGHT_DIM_RELATIVE_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "light.dim_relative", DimRelativeAction, LIGHT_DIM_RELATIVE_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "light.dim_relative",
+    DimRelativeAction,
+    LIGHT_DIM_RELATIVE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def light_dim_relative_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py b/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
index 264197c175..026b8aaf24 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
@@ -519,7 +519,9 @@ LOGGER_LOG_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-@automation.register_action(CONF_LOGGER_LOG, LambdaAction, LOGGER_LOG_ACTION_SCHEMA)
+@automation.register_action(
+    CONF_LOGGER_LOG, LambdaAction, LOGGER_LOG_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def logger_log_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     esp_log = LOG_LEVEL_TO_ESP_LOG[config[CONF_LEVEL]]
     args_ = [cg.RawExpression(str(x)) for x in config[CONF_ARGS]]
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mqtt/__init__.py
index 44e8836487..c25c472038 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/__init__.py
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ MQTT_PUBLISH_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "mqtt.publish", MQTTPublishAction, MQTT_PUBLISH_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "mqtt.publish", MQTTPublishAction, MQTT_PUBLISH_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
 async def mqtt_publish_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -521,7 +521,10 @@ MQTT_PUBLISH_JSON_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "mqtt.publish_json", MQTTPublishJsonAction, MQTT_PUBLISH_JSON_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "mqtt.publish_json",
+    MQTTPublishJsonAction,
+    MQTT_PUBLISH_JSON_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def mqtt_publish_json_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/number/__init__.py b/esphome/components/number/__init__.py
index d12ec7463b..2238f2c037 100644
--- a/esphome/components/number/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/number/__init__.py
@@ -352,6 +352,7 @@ OPERATION_BASE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
             cv.Required(CONF_VALUE): cv.templatable(cv.float_),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def number_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -374,6 +375,7 @@ async def number_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             }
         )
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
     "number.decrement",
@@ -388,6 +390,7 @@ async def number_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             }
         )
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
     "number.to_min",
@@ -401,6 +404,7 @@ async def number_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             }
         )
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
     "number.to_max",
@@ -414,6 +418,7 @@ async def number_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             }
         )
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
     "number.operation",
@@ -426,6 +431,7 @@ async def number_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.Optional(CONF_CYCLE, default=True): cv.templatable(cv.boolean),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def number_to_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/output/__init__.py b/esphome/components/output/__init__.py
index bde106b085..a4c960927b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/output/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/output/__init__.py
@@ -74,14 +74,16 @@ BINARY_OUTPUT_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
 )
 
 
-@automation.register_action("output.turn_on", TurnOnAction, BINARY_OUTPUT_ACTION_SCHEMA)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "output.turn_on", TurnOnAction, BINARY_OUTPUT_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def output_turn_on_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "output.turn_off", TurnOffAction, BINARY_OUTPUT_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "output.turn_off", TurnOffAction, BINARY_OUTPUT_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
 async def output_turn_off_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -97,6 +99,7 @@ async def output_turn_off_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.Required(CONF_LEVEL): cv.templatable(cv.percentage),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def output_set_level_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/script/__init__.py b/esphome/components/script/__init__.py
index 8d69981db0..369cefad91 100644
--- a/esphome/components/script/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/script/__init__.py
@@ -160,6 +160,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             cv.Optional(validate_parameter_name): cv.templatable(cv.valid),
         },
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def script_execute_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     def convert(type: str):
@@ -208,6 +209,7 @@ async def script_execute_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     "script.stop",
     ScriptStopAction,
     maybe_simple_id({cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(Script)}),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def script_stop_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     full_id, paren = await cg.get_variable_with_full_id(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/select/__init__.py b/esphome/components/select/__init__.py
index 84ad591ba1..c114b140a9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/select/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/select/__init__.py
@@ -145,6 +145,7 @@ OPERATION_BASE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
             cv.Required(CONF_OPTION): cv.templatable(cv.string_strict),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def select_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -162,6 +163,7 @@ async def select_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.Required(CONF_INDEX): cv.templatable(cv.positive_int),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def select_set_index_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -217,6 +219,7 @@ async def select_is_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.Optional(CONF_CYCLE, default=True): cv.templatable(cv.boolean),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
     "select.next",
@@ -229,6 +232,7 @@ async def select_is_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
             }
         )
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
     "select.previous",
@@ -243,6 +247,7 @@ async def select_is_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
             }
         )
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
     "select.first",
@@ -254,6 +259,7 @@ async def select_is_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
             }
         )
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
     "select.last",
@@ -265,6 +271,7 @@ async def select_is_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
             }
         )
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def select_operation_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/switch/__init__.py
index cfc5e2b6e8..6f1be7d53d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/switch/__init__.py
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ SWITCH_CONTROL_ACTION_SCHEMA = automation.maybe_simple_id(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "switch.control", ControlAction, SWITCH_CONTROL_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "switch.control", ControlAction, SWITCH_CONTROL_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
 async def switch_control_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -214,9 +214,15 @@ async def switch_control_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     return var
 
 
-@automation.register_action("switch.toggle", ToggleAction, SWITCH_ACTION_SCHEMA)
-@automation.register_action("switch.turn_off", TurnOffAction, SWITCH_ACTION_SCHEMA)
-@automation.register_action("switch.turn_on", TurnOnAction, SWITCH_ACTION_SCHEMA)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "switch.toggle", ToggleAction, SWITCH_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "switch.turn_off", TurnOffAction, SWITCH_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "switch.turn_on", TurnOnAction, SWITCH_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def switch_toggle_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
diff --git a/esphome/components/text/__init__.py b/esphome/components/text/__init__.py
index 9ceea0dfdf..61f7119cad 100644
--- a/esphome/components/text/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/text/__init__.py
@@ -164,6 +164,7 @@ OPERATION_BASE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
             cv.Required(CONF_VALUE): cv.templatable(cv.string_strict),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def text_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/core/string_ref.h b/esphome/core/string_ref.h
index d502c4d27f..6047202753 100644
--- a/esphome/core/string_ref.h
+++ b/esphome/core/string_ref.h
@@ -81,6 +81,20 @@ class StringRef {
 
   operator std::string() const { return str(); }
 
+  /// Compare (compatible with std::string::compare)
+  int compare(const StringRef &other) const {
+    int result = std::memcmp(base_, other.base_, std::min(len_, other.len_));
+    if (result != 0)
+      return result;
+    if (len_ < other.len_)
+      return -1;
+    if (len_ > other.len_)
+      return 1;
+    return 0;
+  }
+  int compare(const char *s) const { return compare(StringRef(s)); }
+  int compare(const std::string &s) const { return compare(StringRef(s)); }
+
   /// Find first occurrence of substring, returns std::string::npos if not found.
   /// Note: Requires the underlying string to be null-terminated.
   size_type find(const char *s, size_type pos = 0) const {
diff --git a/esphome/util.py b/esphome/util.py
index 7b896de27e..686aa74306 100644
--- a/esphome/util.py
+++ b/esphome/util.py
@@ -24,11 +24,14 @@ class RegistryEntry:
         fun: Callable[..., Any],
         type_id: "MockObjClass",
         schema: "Schema",
+        *,
+        synchronous: bool = False,
     ):
         self.name = name
         self.fun = fun
         self.type_id = type_id
         self.raw_schema = schema
+        self.synchronous = synchronous
 
     @property
     def coroutine_fun(self):
@@ -49,9 +52,18 @@ class Registry(dict[str, RegistryEntry]):
         self.base_schema = base_schema or {}
         self.type_id_key = type_id_key
 
-    def register(self, name: str, type_id: "MockObjClass", schema: "Schema"):
+    def register(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        type_id: "MockObjClass",
+        schema: "Schema",
+        *,
+        synchronous: bool = False,
+    ):
         def decorator(fun: Callable[..., Any]):
-            self[name] = RegistryEntry(name, fun, type_id, schema)
+            self[name] = RegistryEntry(
+                name, fun, type_id, schema, synchronous=synchronous
+            )
             return fun
 
         return decorator
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_automation.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_automation.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..61fef8201d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_automation.py
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+"""Tests for esphome.automation module."""
+
+from collections.abc import Generator
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.automation import has_non_synchronous_actions
+from esphome.util import RegistryEntry
+
+
+def _make_registry(non_synchronous_actions: set[str]) -> dict[str, RegistryEntry]:
+    """Create a mock ACTION_REGISTRY with specified non-synchronous actions.
+
+    Uses the default synchronous=False, matching the real registry behavior.
+    """
+    registry: dict[str, RegistryEntry] = {}
+    for name in non_synchronous_actions:
+        registry[name] = RegistryEntry(name, lambda: None, None, None)
+    return registry
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def mock_registry() -> Generator[dict[str, RegistryEntry]]:
+    """Fixture that patches ACTION_REGISTRY with delay, wait_until, script.wait as non-synchronous."""
+    registry: dict[str, RegistryEntry] = _make_registry(
+        {"delay", "wait_until", "script.wait"}
+    )
+    registry["logger.log"] = RegistryEntry(
+        "logger.log", lambda: None, None, None, synchronous=True
+    )
+    with patch("esphome.automation.ACTION_REGISTRY", registry):
+        yield registry
+
+
+def test_has_non_synchronous_actions_empty_list(
+    mock_registry: dict[str, RegistryEntry],
+) -> None:
+    assert has_non_synchronous_actions([]) is False
+
+
+def test_has_non_synchronous_actions_empty_dict(
+    mock_registry: dict[str, RegistryEntry],
+) -> None:
+    assert has_non_synchronous_actions({}) is False
+
+
+def test_has_non_synchronous_actions_non_dict_non_list(
+    mock_registry: dict[str, RegistryEntry],
+) -> None:
+    assert has_non_synchronous_actions("string") is False
+    assert has_non_synchronous_actions(42) is False
+    assert has_non_synchronous_actions(None) is False
+
+
+def test_has_non_synchronous_actions_delay(
+    mock_registry: dict[str, RegistryEntry],
+) -> None:
+    assert has_non_synchronous_actions([{"delay": "1s"}]) is True
+
+
+def test_has_non_synchronous_actions_wait_until(
+    mock_registry: dict[str, RegistryEntry],
+) -> None:
+    assert has_non_synchronous_actions([{"wait_until": {"condition": {}}}]) is True
+
+
+def test_has_non_synchronous_actions_script_wait(
+    mock_registry: dict[str, RegistryEntry],
+) -> None:
+    assert has_non_synchronous_actions([{"script.wait": "script_id"}]) is True
+
+
+def test_has_non_synchronous_actions_synchronous(
+    mock_registry: dict[str, RegistryEntry],
+) -> None:
+    assert has_non_synchronous_actions([{"logger.log": "hello"}]) is False
+
+
+def test_has_non_synchronous_actions_unknown_not_in_registry(
+    mock_registry: dict[str, RegistryEntry],
+) -> None:
+    """Unknown actions not in registry are not flagged (only registered actions count)."""
+    assert has_non_synchronous_actions([{"unknown.action": "value"}]) is False
+
+
+def test_has_non_synchronous_actions_default_non_synchronous(
+    mock_registry: dict[str, RegistryEntry],
+) -> None:
+    """Actions registered without explicit synchronous=True default to non-synchronous."""
+    mock_registry["some.action"] = RegistryEntry(
+        "some.action", lambda: None, None, None
+    )
+    assert has_non_synchronous_actions([{"some.action": "value"}]) is True
+
+
+def test_has_non_synchronous_actions_nested_in_then(
+    mock_registry: dict[str, RegistryEntry],
+) -> None:
+    """Non-synchronous action nested inside a synchronous action's then block."""
+    actions: list[dict[str, object]] = [
+        {
+            "logger.log": "first",
+            "then": [{"delay": "1s"}],
+        }
+    ]
+    assert has_non_synchronous_actions(actions) is True
+
+
+def test_has_non_synchronous_actions_deeply_nested(
+    mock_registry: dict[str, RegistryEntry],
+) -> None:
+    """Non-synchronous action deeply nested in action structure."""
+    actions: list[dict[str, object]] = [
+        {
+            "if": {
+                "then": [
+                    {"logger.log": "hello"},
+                    {"delay": "500ms"},
+                ]
+            }
+        }
+    ]
+    assert has_non_synchronous_actions(actions) is True
+
+
+def test_has_non_synchronous_actions_none_in_nested(
+    mock_registry: dict[str, RegistryEntry],
+) -> None:
+    """No non-synchronous actions even with nesting."""
+    actions: list[dict[str, object]] = [
+        {
+            "if": {
+                "then": [
+                    {"logger.log": "hello"},
+                ]
+            }
+        }
+    ]
+    assert has_non_synchronous_actions(actions) is False
+
+
+def test_has_non_synchronous_actions_multiple_one_non_synchronous(
+    mock_registry: dict[str, RegistryEntry],
+) -> None:
+    assert (
+        has_non_synchronous_actions(
+            [
+                {"logger.log": "first"},
+                {"delay": "1s"},
+                {"logger.log": "second"},
+            ]
+        )
+        is True
+    )
+
+
+def test_has_non_synchronous_actions_multiple_all_synchronous(
+    mock_registry: dict[str, RegistryEntry],
+) -> None:
+    assert (
+        has_non_synchronous_actions(
+            [
+                {"logger.log": "first"},
+                {"logger.log": "second"},
+            ]
+        )
+        is False
+    )
+
+
+def test_has_non_synchronous_actions_dict_input(
+    mock_registry: dict[str, RegistryEntry],
+) -> None:
+    """Direct dict input (single action)."""
+    assert has_non_synchronous_actions({"delay": "1s"}) is True
+    assert has_non_synchronous_actions({"logger.log": "hello"}) is False

From 3e7424b307b5763bba217d5f0d5d18130b67be4a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 1 Mar 2026 15:22:55 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 290/609] [preferences] Reduce heap churn with small inline
 buffer optimization (#13259)

---
 esphome/components/esp32/preferences.cpp     | 33 ++++-----
 esphome/components/libretiny/preferences.cpp | 33 ++++-----
 esphome/core/helpers.h                       | 72 ++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 96 insertions(+), 42 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/preferences.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32/preferences.cpp
index 8d6fdc86f6..a3ef10b21f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/preferences.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/preferences.cpp
@@ -19,16 +19,7 @@ static constexpr size_t KEY_BUFFER_SIZE = 12;
 
 struct NVSData {
   uint32_t key;
-  std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> data;
-  size_t len;
-
-  void set_data(const uint8_t *src, size_t size) {
-    if (!this->data || this->len != size) {
-      this->data = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(size);
-      this->len = size;
-    }
-    memcpy(this->data.get(), src, size);
-  }
+  SmallInlineBuffer<8> data;  // Most prefs fit in 8 bytes (covers fan, cover, select, etc.)
 };
 
 static std::vector<NVSData> s_pending_save;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
@@ -41,14 +32,14 @@ class ESP32PreferenceBackend : public ESPPreferenceBackend {
     // try find in pending saves and update that
     for (auto &obj : s_pending_save) {
       if (obj.key == this->key) {
-        obj.set_data(data, len);
+        obj.data.set(data, len);
         return true;
       }
     }
     NVSData save{};
     save.key = this->key;
-    save.set_data(data, len);
-    s_pending_save.emplace_back(std::move(save));
+    save.data.set(data, len);
+    s_pending_save.push_back(std::move(save));
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "s_pending_save: key: %" PRIu32 ", len: %zu", this->key, len);
     return true;
   }
@@ -56,11 +47,11 @@ class ESP32PreferenceBackend : public ESPPreferenceBackend {
     // try find in pending saves and load from that
     for (auto &obj : s_pending_save) {
       if (obj.key == this->key) {
-        if (obj.len != len) {
+        if (obj.data.size() != len) {
           // size mismatch
           return false;
         }
-        memcpy(data, obj.data.get(), len);
+        memcpy(data, obj.data.data(), len);
         return true;
       }
     }
@@ -133,10 +124,10 @@ class ESP32Preferences : public ESPPreferences {
       snprintf(key_str, sizeof(key_str), "%" PRIu32, save.key);
       ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Checking if NVS data %s has changed", key_str);
       if (this->is_changed_(this->nvs_handle, save, key_str)) {
-        esp_err_t err = nvs_set_blob(this->nvs_handle, key_str, save.data.get(), save.len);
-        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "sync: key: %s, len: %zu", key_str, save.len);
+        esp_err_t err = nvs_set_blob(this->nvs_handle, key_str, save.data.data(), save.data.size());
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "sync: key: %s, len: %zu", key_str, save.data.size());
         if (err != 0) {
-          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "nvs_set_blob('%s', len=%zu) failed: %s", key_str, save.len, esp_err_to_name(err));
+          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "nvs_set_blob('%s', len=%zu) failed: %s", key_str, save.data.size(), esp_err_to_name(err));
           failed++;
           last_err = err;
           last_key = save.key;
@@ -144,7 +135,7 @@ class ESP32Preferences : public ESPPreferences {
         }
         written++;
       } else {
-        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "NVS data not changed skipping %" PRIu32 "  len=%zu", save.key, save.len);
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "NVS data not changed skipping %" PRIu32 "  len=%zu", save.key, save.data.size());
         cached++;
       }
     }
@@ -176,7 +167,7 @@ class ESP32Preferences : public ESPPreferences {
       return true;
     }
     // Check size first before allocating memory
-    if (actual_len != to_save.len) {
+    if (actual_len != to_save.data.size()) {
       return true;
     }
     // Most preferences are small, use stack buffer with heap fallback for large ones
@@ -186,7 +177,7 @@ class ESP32Preferences : public ESPPreferences {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "nvs_get_blob('%s') failed: %s", key_str, esp_err_to_name(err));
       return true;
     }
-    return memcmp(to_save.data.get(), stored_data.get(), to_save.len) != 0;
+    return memcmp(to_save.data.data(), stored_data.get(), to_save.data.size()) != 0;
   }
 
   bool reset() override {
diff --git a/esphome/components/libretiny/preferences.cpp b/esphome/components/libretiny/preferences.cpp
index 740c1a233a..1c101136e1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/libretiny/preferences.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/libretiny/preferences.cpp
@@ -17,16 +17,7 @@ static constexpr size_t KEY_BUFFER_SIZE = 12;
 
 struct NVSData {
   uint32_t key;
-  std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> data;
-  size_t len;
-
-  void set_data(const uint8_t *src, size_t size) {
-    if (!this->data || this->len != size) {
-      this->data = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(size);
-      this->len = size;
-    }
-    memcpy(this->data.get(), src, size);
-  }
+  SmallInlineBuffer<8> data;  // Most prefs fit in 8 bytes (covers fan, cover, select, etc.)
 };
 
 static std::vector<NVSData> s_pending_save;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
@@ -41,14 +32,14 @@ class LibreTinyPreferenceBackend : public ESPPreferenceBackend {
     // try find in pending saves and update that
     for (auto &obj : s_pending_save) {
       if (obj.key == this->key) {
-        obj.set_data(data, len);
+        obj.data.set(data, len);
         return true;
       }
     }
     NVSData save{};
     save.key = this->key;
-    save.set_data(data, len);
-    s_pending_save.emplace_back(std::move(save));
+    save.data.set(data, len);
+    s_pending_save.push_back(std::move(save));
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "s_pending_save: key: %" PRIu32 ", len: %zu", this->key, len);
     return true;
   }
@@ -57,11 +48,11 @@ class LibreTinyPreferenceBackend : public ESPPreferenceBackend {
     // try find in pending saves and load from that
     for (auto &obj : s_pending_save) {
       if (obj.key == this->key) {
-        if (obj.len != len) {
+        if (obj.data.size() != len) {
           // size mismatch
           return false;
         }
-        memcpy(data, obj.data.get(), len);
+        memcpy(data, obj.data.data(), len);
         return true;
       }
     }
@@ -122,11 +113,11 @@ class LibreTinyPreferences : public ESPPreferences {
       snprintf(key_str, sizeof(key_str), "%" PRIu32, save.key);
       ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Checking if FDB data %s has changed", key_str);
       if (this->is_changed_(&this->db, save, key_str)) {
-        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "sync: key: %s, len: %zu", key_str, save.len);
-        fdb_blob_make(&this->blob, save.data.get(), save.len);
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "sync: key: %s, len: %zu", key_str, save.data.size());
+        fdb_blob_make(&this->blob, save.data.data(), save.data.size());
         fdb_err_t err = fdb_kv_set_blob(&this->db, key_str, &this->blob);
         if (err != FDB_NO_ERR) {
-          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "fdb_kv_set_blob('%s', len=%zu) failed: %d", key_str, save.len, err);
+          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "fdb_kv_set_blob('%s', len=%zu) failed: %d", key_str, save.data.size(), err);
           failed++;
           last_err = err;
           last_key = save.key;
@@ -134,7 +125,7 @@ class LibreTinyPreferences : public ESPPreferences {
         }
         written++;
       } else {
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "FDB data not changed; skipping %" PRIu32 "  len=%zu", save.key, save.len);
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "FDB data not changed; skipping %" PRIu32 "  len=%zu", save.key, save.data.size());
         cached++;
       }
     }
@@ -159,7 +150,7 @@ class LibreTinyPreferences : public ESPPreferences {
     }
 
     // Check size first - if different, data has changed
-    if (kv.value_len != to_save.len) {
+    if (kv.value_len != to_save.data.size()) {
       return true;
     }
 
@@ -173,7 +164,7 @@ class LibreTinyPreferences : public ESPPreferences {
     }
 
     // Compare the actual data
-    return memcmp(to_save.data.get(), stored_data.get(), kv.value_len) != 0;
+    return memcmp(to_save.data.data(), stored_data.get(), kv.value_len) != 0;
   }
 
   bool reset() override {
diff --git a/esphome/core/helpers.h b/esphome/core/helpers.h
index b606e68df3..65d590a5e6 100644
--- a/esphome/core/helpers.h
+++ b/esphome/core/helpers.h
@@ -133,6 +133,78 @@ template<typename T> class ConstVector {
   size_t size_;
 };
 
+/// Small buffer optimization - stores data inline when small, heap-allocates for large data
+/// This avoids heap fragmentation for common small allocations while supporting arbitrary sizes.
+/// Memory management is encapsulated - callers just use set() and data().
+template<size_t InlineSize = 8> class SmallInlineBuffer {
+ public:
+  SmallInlineBuffer() = default;
+  ~SmallInlineBuffer() {
+    if (!this->is_inline_())
+      delete[] this->heap_;
+  }
+
+  // Move constructor
+  SmallInlineBuffer(SmallInlineBuffer &&other) noexcept : len_(other.len_) {
+    if (other.is_inline_()) {
+      memcpy(this->inline_, other.inline_, this->len_);
+    } else {
+      this->heap_ = other.heap_;
+      other.heap_ = nullptr;
+    }
+    other.len_ = 0;
+  }
+
+  // Move assignment
+  SmallInlineBuffer &operator=(SmallInlineBuffer &&other) noexcept {
+    if (this != &other) {
+      if (!this->is_inline_())
+        delete[] this->heap_;
+      this->len_ = other.len_;
+      if (other.is_inline_()) {
+        memcpy(this->inline_, other.inline_, this->len_);
+      } else {
+        this->heap_ = other.heap_;
+        other.heap_ = nullptr;
+      }
+      other.len_ = 0;
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  // Disable copy (would need deep copy of heap data)
+  SmallInlineBuffer(const SmallInlineBuffer &) = delete;
+  SmallInlineBuffer &operator=(const SmallInlineBuffer &) = delete;
+
+  /// Set buffer contents, allocating heap if needed
+  void set(const uint8_t *src, size_t size) {
+    // Free existing heap allocation if switching from heap to inline or different heap size
+    if (!this->is_inline_() && (size <= InlineSize || size != this->len_)) {
+      delete[] this->heap_;
+      this->heap_ = nullptr;  // Defensive: prevent use-after-free if logic changes
+    }
+    // Allocate new heap buffer if needed
+    if (size > InlineSize && (this->is_inline_() || size != this->len_)) {
+      this->heap_ = new uint8_t[size];  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+    }
+    this->len_ = size;
+    memcpy(this->data(), src, size);
+  }
+
+  uint8_t *data() { return this->is_inline_() ? this->inline_ : this->heap_; }
+  const uint8_t *data() const { return this->is_inline_() ? this->inline_ : this->heap_; }
+  size_t size() const { return this->len_; }
+
+ protected:
+  bool is_inline_() const { return this->len_ <= InlineSize; }
+
+  size_t len_{0};
+  union {
+    uint8_t inline_[InlineSize]{};  // Zero-init ensures clean initial state
+    uint8_t *heap_;
+  };
+};
+
 /// Minimal static vector - saves memory by avoiding std::vector overhead
 template<typename T, size_t N> class StaticVector {
  public:

From 0e18e4461e8d82df75b3acbb61c7dcc8c9993311 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 1 Mar 2026 16:52:53 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 291/609] [time,api] Send pre-parsed timezone struct over
 protobuf (#14233)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/api/api.proto          | 28 ++++++++++
 esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp | 25 ++++++++-
 esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp        | 54 ++++++++++++++++++
 esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h          | 38 ++++++++++++-
 esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp   | 39 +++++++++++++
 esphome/components/time/__init__.py       | 68 +++++++++++++++++++++--
 6 files changed, 245 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api.proto b/esphome/components/api/api.proto
index d7f32cd8d1..802e3e3ae2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api.proto
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api.proto
@@ -834,6 +834,33 @@ message GetTimeRequest {
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
 }
 
+enum DSTRuleType {
+  DST_RULE_TYPE_NONE = 0;
+  DST_RULE_TYPE_MONTH_WEEK_DAY = 1;
+  DST_RULE_TYPE_JULIAN_NO_LEAP = 2;
+  DST_RULE_TYPE_DAY_OF_YEAR = 3;
+}
+
+message DSTRule {
+  option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
+
+  sint32 time_seconds = 1;
+  uint32 day = 2;
+  DSTRuleType type = 3;
+  uint32 month = 4;
+  uint32 week = 5;
+  uint32 day_of_week = 6;
+}
+
+message ParsedTimezone {
+  option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
+
+  sint32 std_offset_seconds = 1;
+  sint32 dst_offset_seconds = 2;
+  DSTRule dst_start = 3;
+  DSTRule dst_end = 4;
+}
+
 message GetTimeResponse {
   option (id) = 37;
   option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
@@ -841,6 +868,7 @@ message GetTimeResponse {
 
   fixed32 epoch_seconds = 1;
   string timezone = 2;
+  ParsedTimezone parsed_timezone = 3;
 }
 
 // ==================== USER-DEFINES SERVICES ====================
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
index 215af611db..90287ec2dd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
@@ -1123,7 +1123,30 @@ void APIConnection::on_get_time_response(const GetTimeResponse &value) {
     homeassistant::global_homeassistant_time->set_epoch_time(value.epoch_seconds);
 #ifdef USE_TIME_TIMEZONE
     if (!value.timezone.empty()) {
-      homeassistant::global_homeassistant_time->set_timezone(value.timezone.c_str(), value.timezone.size());
+      // Check if the sender provided pre-parsed timezone data.
+      // If std_offset is non-zero or DST rules are present, the parsed data was populated.
+      // For UTC (all zeros), string parsing produces the same result, so the fallback is equivalent.
+      const auto &pt = value.parsed_timezone;
+      if (pt.std_offset_seconds != 0 || pt.dst_start.type != enums::DST_RULE_TYPE_NONE) {
+        time::ParsedTimezone tz{};
+        tz.std_offset_seconds = pt.std_offset_seconds;
+        tz.dst_offset_seconds = pt.dst_offset_seconds;
+        tz.dst_start.time_seconds = pt.dst_start.time_seconds;
+        tz.dst_start.day = static_cast<uint16_t>(pt.dst_start.day);
+        tz.dst_start.type = static_cast<time::DSTRuleType>(pt.dst_start.type);
+        tz.dst_start.month = static_cast<uint8_t>(pt.dst_start.month);
+        tz.dst_start.week = static_cast<uint8_t>(pt.dst_start.week);
+        tz.dst_start.day_of_week = static_cast<uint8_t>(pt.dst_start.day_of_week);
+        tz.dst_end.time_seconds = pt.dst_end.time_seconds;
+        tz.dst_end.day = static_cast<uint16_t>(pt.dst_end.day);
+        tz.dst_end.type = static_cast<time::DSTRuleType>(pt.dst_end.type);
+        tz.dst_end.month = static_cast<uint8_t>(pt.dst_end.month);
+        tz.dst_end.week = static_cast<uint8_t>(pt.dst_end.week);
+        tz.dst_end.day_of_week = static_cast<uint8_t>(pt.dst_end.day_of_week);
+        time::set_global_tz(tz);
+      } else {
+        homeassistant::global_homeassistant_time->set_timezone(value.timezone.c_str(), value.timezone.size());
+      }
     }
 #endif
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp
index 5c50a8aa5b..9e74d5ddc7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp
@@ -954,12 +954,66 @@ bool HomeAssistantStateResponse::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDel
   return true;
 }
 #endif
+bool DSTRule::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+  switch (field_id) {
+    case 1:
+      this->time_seconds = value.as_sint32();
+      break;
+    case 2:
+      this->day = value.as_uint32();
+      break;
+    case 3:
+      this->type = static_cast<enums::DSTRuleType>(value.as_uint32());
+      break;
+    case 4:
+      this->month = value.as_uint32();
+      break;
+    case 5:
+      this->week = value.as_uint32();
+      break;
+    case 6:
+      this->day_of_week = value.as_uint32();
+      break;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+bool ParsedTimezone::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+  switch (field_id) {
+    case 1:
+      this->std_offset_seconds = value.as_sint32();
+      break;
+    case 2:
+      this->dst_offset_seconds = value.as_sint32();
+      break;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+bool ParsedTimezone::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) {
+  switch (field_id) {
+    case 3:
+      value.decode_to_message(this->dst_start);
+      break;
+    case 4:
+      value.decode_to_message(this->dst_end);
+      break;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
 bool GetTimeResponse::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 2: {
       this->timezone = StringRef(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(value.data()), value.size());
       break;
     }
+    case 3:
+      value.decode_to_message(this->parsed_timezone);
+      break;
     default:
       return false;
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h
index 22dc3de995..033b789c18 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h
@@ -63,6 +63,12 @@ enum LogLevel : uint32_t {
   LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE = 6,
   LOG_LEVEL_VERY_VERBOSE = 7,
 };
+enum DSTRuleType : uint32_t {
+  DST_RULE_TYPE_NONE = 0,
+  DST_RULE_TYPE_MONTH_WEEK_DAY = 1,
+  DST_RULE_TYPE_JULIAN_NO_LEAP = 2,
+  DST_RULE_TYPE_DAY_OF_YEAR = 3,
+};
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
 enum ServiceArgType : uint32_t {
   SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_BOOL = 0,
@@ -1116,15 +1122,45 @@ class GetTimeRequest final : public ProtoMessage {
 
  protected:
 };
+class DSTRule final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
+ public:
+  int32_t time_seconds{0};
+  uint32_t day{0};
+  enums::DSTRuleType type{};
+  uint32_t month{0};
+  uint32_t week{0};
+  uint32_t day_of_week{0};
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
+#endif
+
+ protected:
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+};
+class ParsedTimezone final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
+ public:
+  int32_t std_offset_seconds{0};
+  int32_t dst_offset_seconds{0};
+  DSTRule dst_start{};
+  DSTRule dst_end{};
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
+#endif
+
+ protected:
+  bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+};
 class GetTimeResponse final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
   static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 37;
-  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 14;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 31;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *message_name() const override { return "get_time_response"; }
 #endif
   uint32_t epoch_seconds{0};
   StringRef timezone{};
+  ParsedTimezone parsed_timezone{};
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp
index 52d2486410..4eec42e936 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp
@@ -208,6 +208,20 @@ template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::LogLevel>(enums::LogLevel val
       return "UNKNOWN";
   }
 }
+template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::DSTRuleType>(enums::DSTRuleType value) {
+  switch (value) {
+    case enums::DST_RULE_TYPE_NONE:
+      return "DST_RULE_TYPE_NONE";
+    case enums::DST_RULE_TYPE_MONTH_WEEK_DAY:
+      return "DST_RULE_TYPE_MONTH_WEEK_DAY";
+    case enums::DST_RULE_TYPE_JULIAN_NO_LEAP:
+      return "DST_RULE_TYPE_JULIAN_NO_LEAP";
+    case enums::DST_RULE_TYPE_DAY_OF_YEAR:
+      return "DST_RULE_TYPE_DAY_OF_YEAR";
+    default:
+      return "UNKNOWN";
+  }
+}
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
 template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::ServiceArgType>(enums::ServiceArgType value) {
   switch (value) {
@@ -1254,10 +1268,35 @@ const char *GetTimeRequest::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   out.append("GetTimeRequest {}");
   return out.c_str();
 }
+const char *DSTRule::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
+  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "DSTRule");
+  dump_field(out, "time_seconds", this->time_seconds);
+  dump_field(out, "day", this->day);
+  dump_field(out, "type", static_cast<enums::DSTRuleType>(this->type));
+  dump_field(out, "month", this->month);
+  dump_field(out, "week", this->week);
+  dump_field(out, "day_of_week", this->day_of_week);
+  return out.c_str();
+}
+const char *ParsedTimezone::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
+  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "ParsedTimezone");
+  dump_field(out, "std_offset_seconds", this->std_offset_seconds);
+  dump_field(out, "dst_offset_seconds", this->dst_offset_seconds);
+  out.append("  dst_start: ");
+  this->dst_start.dump_to(out);
+  out.append("\n");
+  out.append("  dst_end: ");
+  this->dst_end.dump_to(out);
+  out.append("\n");
+  return out.c_str();
+}
 const char *GetTimeResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "GetTimeResponse");
   dump_field(out, "epoch_seconds", this->epoch_seconds);
   dump_field(out, "timezone", this->timezone);
+  out.append("  parsed_timezone: ");
+  this->parsed_timezone.dump_to(out);
+  out.append("\n");
   return out.c_str();
 }
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
diff --git a/esphome/components/time/__init__.py b/esphome/components/time/__init__.py
index a20d79b857..7ffa408db9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/time/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/time/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 from importlib import resources
 import logging
 
+from aioesphomeapi.posix_tz import (
+    DSTRuleType as PyDSTRuleType,
+    parse_posix_tz as parse_posix_tz_python,
+)
 import tzlocal
 
 from esphome import automation
@@ -39,6 +43,19 @@ CronTrigger = time_ns.class_("CronTrigger", automation.Trigger.template(), cg.Co
 SyncTrigger = time_ns.class_("SyncTrigger", automation.Trigger.template(), cg.Component)
 TimeHasTimeCondition = time_ns.class_("TimeHasTimeCondition", Condition)
 
+# C++ types for pre-parsed timezone struct generation
+DSTRuleType_cpp = time_ns.enum("DSTRuleType", is_class=True)
+DSTRule_cpp = time_ns.struct("DSTRule")
+ParsedTimezone_cpp = time_ns.struct("ParsedTimezone")
+
+# Map Python DSTRuleType enum values to C++ enum expressions
+_DST_RULE_TYPE_MAP = {
+    PyDSTRuleType.NONE: DSTRuleType_cpp.NONE,
+    PyDSTRuleType.MONTH_WEEK_DAY: DSTRuleType_cpp.MONTH_WEEK_DAY,
+    PyDSTRuleType.JULIAN_NO_LEAP: DSTRuleType_cpp.JULIAN_NO_LEAP,
+    PyDSTRuleType.DAY_OF_YEAR: DSTRuleType_cpp.DAY_OF_YEAR,
+}
+
 
 def _load_tzdata(iana_key: str) -> bytes | None:
     # From https://tzdata.readthedocs.io/en/latest/#examples
@@ -260,11 +277,17 @@ def validate_tz(value: str) -> str:
     value = cv.string_strict(value)
 
     tzfile = _load_tzdata(value)
-    if tzfile is None:
-        # Not a IANA key, probably a TZ string
-        return value
+    if tzfile is not None:
+        value = _extract_tz_string(tzfile)
 
-    return _extract_tz_string(tzfile)
+    # Validate that the POSIX TZ string is parseable (skip empty strings)
+    if value:
+        try:
+            parse_posix_tz_python(value)
+        except ValueError as e:
+            raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid POSIX timezone string '{value}': {e}") from e
+
+    return value
 
 
 TIME_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
@@ -305,11 +328,46 @@ TIME_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("15min"))
 
 
+def _emit_dst_rule_fields(prefix, rule):
+    """Emit field-by-field assignments for a DSTRule to avoid rodata struct blob."""
+    cg.add(cg.RawExpression(f"{prefix}.time_seconds = {rule.time_seconds}"))
+    cg.add(cg.RawExpression(f"{prefix}.day = {rule.day}"))
+    cg.add(cg.RawExpression(f"{prefix}.type = {_DST_RULE_TYPE_MAP[rule.type]}"))
+    cg.add(cg.RawExpression(f"{prefix}.month = {rule.month}"))
+    cg.add(cg.RawExpression(f"{prefix}.week = {rule.week}"))
+    cg.add(cg.RawExpression(f"{prefix}.day_of_week = {rule.day_of_week}"))
+
+
+def _emit_parsed_timezone_fields(parsed):
+    """Emit field-by-field assignments for a local ParsedTimezone, then set_global_tz().
+
+    Uses individual assignments on a stack variable instead of a struct initializer
+    to keep constants as immediate operands in instructions (.irom0.text/flash)
+    rather than a const blob in .rodata (which maps to RAM on ESP8266).
+    Wrapped in a scope block to allow multiple time platforms in the same build.
+    """
+    cg.add(cg.RawStatement("{"))
+    cg.add(cg.RawExpression("time::ParsedTimezone tz{}"))
+    cg.add(cg.RawExpression(f"tz.std_offset_seconds = {parsed.std_offset_seconds}"))
+    cg.add(cg.RawExpression(f"tz.dst_offset_seconds = {parsed.dst_offset_seconds}"))
+    _emit_dst_rule_fields("tz.dst_start", parsed.dst_start)
+    _emit_dst_rule_fields("tz.dst_end", parsed.dst_end)
+    cg.add(time_ns.set_global_tz(cg.RawExpression("tz")))
+    cg.add(cg.RawStatement("}"))
+
+
 async def setup_time_core_(time_var, config):
     if timezone := config.get(CONF_TIMEZONE):
-        cg.add(time_var.set_timezone(timezone))
         cg.add_define("USE_TIME_TIMEZONE")
 
+        if CORE.is_host:
+            # Host platform needs setenv("TZ")/tzset() for libc compatibility
+            cg.add(time_var.set_timezone(timezone))
+        else:
+            # Embedded: pre-parse at codegen time, emit struct directly
+            parsed = parse_posix_tz_python(timezone)
+            _emit_parsed_timezone_fields(parsed)
+
     for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_TIME, []):
         trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], time_var)
 

From 073ca63f60bb23a7c84106eb57a5ce06388b1295 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Rupprecht <rupprecht.thomas@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Mar 2026 04:44:02 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 292/609] [rtttl] improve comments Part 2 (#13971)

Co-authored-by: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci-lite[bot] <117423508+pre-commit-ci-lite[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.cpp | 189 ++++++++++++++++-------------
 esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.h   |  31 ++---
 2 files changed, 119 insertions(+), 101 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.cpp b/esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.cpp
index ab95067f45..4ccfc539ea 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.cpp
@@ -8,18 +8,26 @@ namespace esphome::rtttl {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "rtttl";
 
-// These values can also be found as constants in the Tone library (Tone.h)
-static const uint16_t NOTES[] = {0,    262,  277,  294,  311,  330,  349,  370,  392,  415,  440,  466,  494,
-                                 523,  554,  587,  622,  659,  698,  740,  784,  831,  880,  932,  988,  1047,
-                                 1109, 1175, 1245, 1319, 1397, 1480, 1568, 1661, 1760, 1865, 1976, 2093, 2217,
-                                 2349, 2489, 2637, 2794, 2960, 3136, 3322, 3520, 3729, 3951};
+static constexpr uint8_t SONG_NAME_LENGTH_LIMIT = 64;
+static constexpr uint8_t SEMITONES_IN_OCTAVE = 12;
 
-#if defined(USE_OUTPUT) || defined(USE_SPEAKER)
-static const uint32_t DOUBLE_NOTE_GAP_MS = 10;
-#endif  // USE_OUTPUT || USE_SPEAKER
+static constexpr uint8_t MIN_OCTAVE = 4;
+static constexpr uint8_t MAX_OCTAVE = 7;
+
+static constexpr uint8_t DEFAULT_BPM = 63;  // Default beats per minute
+
+// These values can also be found as constants in the Tone library (Tone.h)
+static constexpr uint16_t NOTES[] = {0,    262,  277,  294,  311,  330,  349,  370,  392,  415,  440,  466,  494,
+                                     523,  554,  587,  622,  659,  698,  740,  784,  831,  880,  932,  988,  1047,
+                                     1109, 1175, 1245, 1319, 1397, 1480, 1568, 1661, 1760, 1865, 1976, 2093, 2217,
+                                     2349, 2489, 2637, 2794, 2960, 3136, 3322, 3520, 3729, 3951};
+static constexpr uint8_t NOTES_COUNT = static_cast<uint8_t>(sizeof(NOTES) / sizeof(NOTES[0]));
+
+static constexpr uint8_t REPEATING_NOTE_GAP_MS = 10;
 
 #ifdef USE_SPEAKER
-static const size_t SAMPLE_BUFFER_SIZE = 2048;
+static constexpr uint16_t SAMPLE_BUFFER_SIZE = 2048;
+static constexpr uint16_t SAMPLE_RATE = 16000;
 
 struct SpeakerSample {
   int8_t left{0};
@@ -27,7 +35,7 @@ struct SpeakerSample {
 };
 
 inline double deg2rad(double degrees) {
-  static const double PI_ON_180 = 4.0 * atan(1.0) / 180.0;
+  static constexpr double PI_ON_180 = M_PI / 180.0;
   return degrees * PI_ON_180;
 }
 #endif  // USE_SPEAKER
@@ -85,7 +93,7 @@ void Rtttl::loop() {
   }
 
 #ifdef USE_OUTPUT
-  if (this->output_ != nullptr && millis() - this->last_note_ < this->note_duration_) {
+  if (this->output_ != nullptr && millis() - this->last_note_start_time_ < this->note_duration_) {
     return;
   }
 #endif  // USE_OUTPUT
@@ -113,36 +121,34 @@ void Rtttl::loop() {
     }
     if (this->samples_sent_ != this->samples_count_) {
       SpeakerSample sample[SAMPLE_BUFFER_SIZE + 2];
-      int x = 0;
+      uint16_t sample_index = 0;
       double rem = 0.0;
 
       while (true) {
-        // Try and send out the remainder of the existing note, one per loop()
-
-        if (this->samples_per_wave_ != 0 && this->samples_sent_ >= this->samples_gap_) {  // Play note//
+        // Try and send out the remainder of the existing note, one per `loop()`
+        if (this->samples_per_wave_ != 0 && this->samples_sent_ >= this->samples_gap_) {  // Play note
           rem = ((this->samples_sent_ << 10) % this->samples_per_wave_) * (360.0 / this->samples_per_wave_);
 
-          int16_t val = (127 * this->gain_) * sin(deg2rad(rem));  // 16bit = 49152
-
-          sample[x].left = val;
-          sample[x].right = val;
+          int8_t val = (127 * this->gain_) * sin(deg2rad(rem));
 
+          sample[sample_index].left = val;
+          sample[sample_index].right = val;
         } else {
-          sample[x].left = 0;
-          sample[x].right = 0;
+          sample[sample_index].left = 0;
+          sample[sample_index].right = 0;
         }
 
-        if (static_cast<size_t>(x) >= SAMPLE_BUFFER_SIZE || this->samples_sent_ >= this->samples_count_) {
+        if (sample_index >= SAMPLE_BUFFER_SIZE || this->samples_sent_ >= this->samples_count_) {
           break;
         }
         this->samples_sent_++;
-        x++;
+        sample_index++;
       }
-      if (x > 0) {
-        size_t bytes_to_send = x * sizeof(SpeakerSample);
+      if (sample_index > 0) {
+        size_t bytes_to_send = sample_index * sizeof(SpeakerSample);
         size_t send = this->speaker_->play((uint8_t *) (&sample), bytes_to_send);
         if (send != bytes_to_send) {
-          this->samples_sent_ -= (x - (send / sizeof(SpeakerSample)));
+          this->samples_sent_ -= (sample_index - (send / sizeof(SpeakerSample)));
         }
         return;
       }
@@ -155,83 +161,84 @@ void Rtttl::loop() {
     return;
   }
 
-  // align to note: most rtttl's out there does not add and space after the ',' separator but just in case...
+  // Align to note: most rtttl's out there does not add any space after the ',' separator but just in case
   while (this->rtttl_[this->position_] == ',' || this->rtttl_[this->position_] == ' ') {
     this->position_++;
   }
 
-  // first, get note duration, if available
-  uint8_t num = this->get_integer_();
+  // First, get note duration, if available
+  uint8_t note_denominator = this->get_integer_();
 
-  if (num) {
-    this->note_duration_ = this->wholenote_ / num;
+  if (note_denominator) {
+    this->note_duration_ = this->wholenote_duration_ / note_denominator;
   } else {
-    this->note_duration_ =
-        this->wholenote_ / this->default_duration_;  // we will need to check if we are a dotted note after
+    // We will need to check if we are a dotted note after
+    this->note_duration_ = this->wholenote_duration_ / this->default_note_denominator_;
   }
 
-  uint8_t note = note_index_from_char(this->rtttl_[this->position_]);
+  uint8_t note_index_in_octave = note_index_from_char(this->rtttl_[this->position_]);
 
   this->position_++;
 
-  // now, get optional '#' sharp
+  // Now, get optional '#' sharp
   if (this->rtttl_[this->position_] == '#') {
-    note++;
+    note_index_in_octave++;
     this->position_++;
   }
 
-  // now, get scale
+  // Now, get scale
   uint8_t scale = this->get_integer_();
   if (scale == 0) {
     scale = this->default_octave_;
   }
 
-  if (scale < 4 || scale > 7) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Octave must be between 4 and 7 (it is %d)", scale);
+  if (scale < MIN_OCTAVE || scale > MAX_OCTAVE) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Octave must be between %d and %d (it is %d)", MIN_OCTAVE, MAX_OCTAVE, scale);
     this->finish_();
     return;
   }
 
-  // now, get optional '.' dotted note
+  // Now, get optional '.' dotted note
   if (this->rtttl_[this->position_] == '.') {
-    this->note_duration_ += this->note_duration_ / 2;
+    this->note_duration_ += this->note_duration_ / 2;  // Duration +50%
     this->position_++;
   }
 
-  // Now play the note
   bool need_note_gap = false;
-  if (note) {
-    auto note_index = (scale - 4) * 12 + note;
-    if (note_index < 0 || note_index >= (int) (sizeof(NOTES) / sizeof(NOTES[0]))) {
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Note out of range (note: %d, scale: %d, index: %d, max: %d)", note, scale, note_index,
-               (int) (sizeof(NOTES) / sizeof(NOTES[0])));
+
+  // Now play the note
+  if (note_index_in_octave == 0) {
+    this->output_freq_ = 0;
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Waiting: %dms", this->note_duration_);
+  } else {
+    uint8_t note_index = (scale - MIN_OCTAVE) * SEMITONES_IN_OCTAVE + note_index_in_octave;
+    if (note_index >= NOTES_COUNT) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Note out of range (note: %d, scale: %d, index: %d, max: %d)", note_index_in_octave, scale,
+               note_index, NOTES_COUNT);
       this->finish_();
       return;
     }
-    auto freq = NOTES[note_index];
+    uint16_t freq = NOTES[note_index];
     need_note_gap = freq == this->output_freq_;
 
     // Add small silence gap between same note
     this->output_freq_ = freq;
 
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "playing note: %d for %dms", note, this->note_duration_);
-  } else {
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "waiting: %dms", this->note_duration_);
-    this->output_freq_ = 0;
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Playing note: %d for %dms", note_index_in_octave, this->note_duration_);
   }
 
 #ifdef USE_OUTPUT
   if (this->output_ != nullptr) {
-    if (need_note_gap && this->note_duration_ > DOUBLE_NOTE_GAP_MS) {
+    if (this->output_freq_ == 0) {
       this->output_->set_level(0.0);
-      delay(DOUBLE_NOTE_GAP_MS);
-      this->note_duration_ -= DOUBLE_NOTE_GAP_MS;
-    }
-    if (this->output_freq_ != 0) {
+    } else {
+      if (need_note_gap && this->note_duration_ > REPEATING_NOTE_GAP_MS) {
+        this->output_->set_level(0.0);
+        delay(REPEATING_NOTE_GAP_MS);
+        this->note_duration_ -= REPEATING_NOTE_GAP_MS;
+      }
       this->output_->update_frequency(this->output_freq_);
       this->output_->set_level(this->gain_);
-    } else {
-      this->output_->set_level(0.0);
     }
   }
 #endif  // USE_OUTPUT
@@ -241,28 +248,26 @@ void Rtttl::loop() {
     this->samples_sent_ = 0;
     this->samples_gap_ = 0;
     this->samples_per_wave_ = 0;
-    this->samples_count_ = (this->sample_rate_ * this->note_duration_) / 1000;
+    this->samples_count_ = (SAMPLE_RATE * this->note_duration_) / 1000;
     if (need_note_gap) {
-      this->samples_gap_ = (this->sample_rate_ * DOUBLE_NOTE_GAP_MS) / 1000;
+      this->samples_gap_ = (SAMPLE_RATE * REPEATING_NOTE_GAP_MS) / 1000;
     }
     if (this->output_freq_ != 0) {
-      // make sure there is enough samples to add a full last sinus.
-
-      uint16_t samples_wish = this->samples_count_;
-      this->samples_per_wave_ = (this->sample_rate_ << 10) / this->output_freq_;
+      // Make sure there is enough samples to add a full last sinus.
+      uint32_t samples_wish = this->samples_count_;
+      this->samples_per_wave_ = (SAMPLE_RATE << 10) / this->output_freq_;
 
       uint16_t division = ((this->samples_count_ << 10) / this->samples_per_wave_) + 1;
 
-      this->samples_count_ = (division * this->samples_per_wave_);
-      this->samples_count_ = this->samples_count_ >> 10;
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "- Calc play time: wish: %d gets: %d (div: %d spw: %d)", samples_wish, this->samples_count_,
-                division, this->samples_per_wave_);
+      this->samples_count_ = (division * this->samples_per_wave_) >> 10;
+      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Calc play time: wish: %" PRIu32 " gets: %" PRIu32 " (div: %d spw: %" PRIu32 ")", samples_wish,
+                this->samples_count_, division, this->samples_per_wave_);
     }
     // Convert from frequency in Hz to high and low samples in fixed point
   }
 #endif  // USE_SPEAKER
 
-  this->last_note_ = millis();
+  this->last_note_start_time_ = millis();
 }
 
 void Rtttl::play(std::string rtttl) {
@@ -275,25 +280,28 @@ void Rtttl::play(std::string rtttl) {
 
   this->rtttl_ = std::move(rtttl);
 
-  this->default_duration_ = 4;
-  this->default_octave_ = 6;
+  this->default_note_denominator_ = DEFAULT_NOTE_DENOMINATOR;
+  this->default_octave_ = DEFAULT_OCTAVE;
   this->note_duration_ = 0;
 
-  int bpm = 63;
-  uint16_t num;
+  uint16_t bpm = DEFAULT_BPM;
+  uint16_t num;  // Used for: default note-denominator, default octave, BPM
 
   // Get name
   this->position_ = this->rtttl_.find(':');
 
-  // it's somewhat documented to be up to 10 characters but let's be a bit flexible here
-  if (this->position_ == std::string::npos || this->position_ > 15) {
+  if (this->position_ == std::string::npos) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unable to determine name; missing ':'");
     return;
   }
-
+  if (this->position_ >= SONG_NAME_LENGTH_LIMIT) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Name is too long: length=%u, limit=%u", static_cast<unsigned>(this->position_),
+             static_cast<unsigned>(SONG_NAME_LENGTH_LIMIT));
+    return;
+  }
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Playing song %.*s", (int) this->position_, this->rtttl_.c_str());
 
-  // get default duration
+  // Get default duration
   this->position_ = this->rtttl_.find("d=", this->position_);
   if (this->position_ == std::string::npos) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Missing 'd='");
@@ -301,11 +309,14 @@ void Rtttl::play(std::string rtttl) {
   }
   this->position_ += 2;
   num = this->get_integer_();
-  if (num > 0) {
-    this->default_duration_ = num;
+  if (num == 1 || num == 2 || num == 4 || num == 8 || num == 16 || num == 32) {
+    this->default_note_denominator_ = num;
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid default duration: %d", num);
+    return;
   }
 
-  // get default octave
+  // Get default octave
   this->position_ = this->rtttl_.find("o=", this->position_);
   if (this->position_ == std::string::npos) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Missing 'o=");
@@ -313,11 +324,14 @@ void Rtttl::play(std::string rtttl) {
   }
   this->position_ += 2;
   num = this->get_integer_();
-  if (num >= 3 && num <= 7) {
+  if (num >= MIN_OCTAVE && num <= MAX_OCTAVE) {
     this->default_octave_ = num;
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid default octave: %d", num);
+    return;
   }
 
-  // get BPM
+  // Get BPM
   this->position_ = this->rtttl_.find("b=", this->position_);
   if (this->position_ == std::string::npos) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Missing b=");
@@ -325,8 +339,11 @@ void Rtttl::play(std::string rtttl) {
   }
   this->position_ += 2;
   num = this->get_integer_();
-  if (num != 0) {
+  if (num >= 4) {  // Below 4 is not realistic and would cause a integer overflow
     bpm = num;
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid BPM: %d", num);
+    return;
   }
 
   this->position_ = this->rtttl_.find(':', this->position_);
@@ -337,10 +354,10 @@ void Rtttl::play(std::string rtttl) {
   this->position_++;
 
   // BPM usually expresses the number of quarter notes per minute
-  this->wholenote_ = 60 * 1000L * 4 / bpm;  // this is the time for whole note (in milliseconds)
+  this->wholenote_duration_ = 60 * 1000L * 4 / bpm;  // This is the time for whole note (in milliseconds)
 
   this->output_freq_ = 0;
-  this->last_note_ = millis();
+  this->last_note_start_time_ = millis();
   this->note_duration_ = 1;
 
 #ifdef USE_OUTPUT
diff --git a/esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.h b/esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.h
index 4d4a652c51..e37cccae9e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.h
+++ b/esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.h
@@ -13,6 +13,10 @@
 
 namespace esphome::rtttl {
 
+inline constexpr uint8_t DEFAULT_NOTE_DENOMINATOR = 4;  // Default note-denominator (quarter note)
+inline constexpr uint8_t DEFAULT_OCTAVE =
+    6;  // Default octave for a note (see: `MIN_OCTAVE`, `MAX_OCTAVE` in `rtttl.cpp`)
+
 enum class State : uint8_t {
   STOPPED = 0,
   INIT,
@@ -67,19 +71,18 @@ class Rtttl : public Component {
   std::string rtttl_{""};
   /// The current position in the RTTTL string.
   size_t position_{0};
-  /// The duration of a whole note in milliseconds.
-  uint16_t wholenote_;
   /// The default duration of a note (e.g. 4 for a quarter note).
-  uint16_t default_duration_;
+  uint8_t default_note_denominator_{DEFAULT_NOTE_DENOMINATOR};
   /// The default octave for a note.
-  uint16_t default_octave_;
-  /// The time the last note was started.
-  uint32_t last_note_;
+  uint8_t default_octave_{DEFAULT_OCTAVE};
   /// The duration of the current note in milliseconds.
-  uint16_t note_duration_;
-
+  uint16_t note_duration_{0};
+  /// The duration of a whole note in milliseconds.
+  uint16_t wholenote_duration_;
+  /// The time in milliseconds since microcontroller boot when the last note was started.
+  uint32_t last_note_start_time_;
   /// The frequency of the current note in Hz.
-  uint32_t output_freq_;
+  uint32_t output_freq_{0};
   /// The gain of the output.
   float gain_{0.6f};
   /// The current state of the RTTTL player.
@@ -93,16 +96,14 @@ class Rtttl : public Component {
 #ifdef USE_SPEAKER
   /// The speaker to write the sound to.
   speaker::Speaker *speaker_{nullptr};
-  /// The sample rate of the speaker.
-  int sample_rate_{16000};
   /// The number of samples for one full cycle of a note's waveform, in Q10 fixed-point format.
-  int samples_per_wave_{0};
+  uint32_t samples_per_wave_{0};
   /// The number of samples sent.
-  int samples_sent_{0};
+  uint32_t samples_sent_{0};
   /// The total number of samples to send.
-  int samples_count_{0};
+  uint32_t samples_count_{0};
   /// The number of samples for the gap between notes.
-  int samples_gap_{0};
+  uint32_t samples_gap_{0};
 #endif  // USE_SPEAKER
 
   /// The callback to call when playback is finished.

From 6d3d8970a67dfeed99e48e36388b319b40f3ad79 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: schrob <83939986+schdro@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Mar 2026 04:47:02 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 293/609] [openthread] Disable default enabled OT diag code
 (#14399)

---
 esphome/components/openthread/__init__.py | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread/__init__.py b/esphome/components/openthread/__init__.py
index 89d335c574..dde4987181 100644
--- a/esphome/components/openthread/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread/__init__.py
@@ -53,6 +53,9 @@ def set_sdkconfig_options(config):
     # There is a conflict if the logger's uart also uses the default UART, which is seen as a watchdog failure on "ot_cli"
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_OPENTHREAD_CLI", False)
 
+    # Diag unused, if needed for lab/cert/etc tests then enable separately
+    add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_OPENTHREAD_DIAG", False)
+
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_OPENTHREAD_ENABLED", True)
 
     if tlv := config.get(CONF_TLV):

From f68a3ed15d441a90cd96415af05cc69ad2ab5411 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 1 Mar 2026 18:09:00 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 294/609] [api] Remove virtual destructor from ProtoMessage
 (#14393)

---
 esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h    | 6 +++---
 esphome/components/api/proto.h      | 7 ++++++-
 script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py | 5 ++---
 3 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h
index 033b789c18..a97f6c0a76 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h
@@ -322,7 +322,6 @@ enum ZWaveProxyRequestType : uint32_t {
 
 class InfoResponseProtoMessage : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  ~InfoResponseProtoMessage() override = default;
   StringRef object_id{};
   uint32_t key{0};
   StringRef name{};
@@ -336,28 +335,29 @@ class InfoResponseProtoMessage : public ProtoMessage {
 #endif
 
  protected:
+  ~InfoResponseProtoMessage() = default;
 };
 
 class StateResponseProtoMessage : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  ~StateResponseProtoMessage() override = default;
   uint32_t key{0};
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   uint32_t device_id{0};
 #endif
 
  protected:
+  ~StateResponseProtoMessage() = default;
 };
 
 class CommandProtoMessage : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
-  ~CommandProtoMessage() override = default;
   uint32_t key{0};
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   uint32_t device_id{0};
 #endif
 
  protected:
+  ~CommandProtoMessage() = default;
 };
 class HelloRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/proto.h b/esphome/components/api/proto.h
index c34f7744e6..750fff0810 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/proto.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/proto.h
@@ -452,7 +452,6 @@ class DumpBuffer {
 
 class ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  virtual ~ProtoMessage() = default;
   // Default implementation for messages with no fields
   virtual void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {}
   // Default implementation for messages with no fields
@@ -463,6 +462,11 @@ class ProtoMessage {
   virtual const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const = 0;
   virtual const char *message_name() const { return "unknown"; }
 #endif
+
+ protected:
+  // Non-virtual: messages are never deleted polymorphically.
+  // Protected prevents accidental `delete base_ptr` (compile error).
+  ~ProtoMessage() = default;
 };
 
 // Base class for messages that support decoding
@@ -482,6 +486,7 @@ class ProtoDecodableMessage : public ProtoMessage {
   static uint32_t count_repeated_field(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t length, uint32_t target_field_id);
 
  protected:
+  ~ProtoDecodableMessage() = default;
   virtual bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) { return false; }
   virtual bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) { return false; }
   virtual bool decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) { return false; }
diff --git a/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py b/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
index 350947a8d6..9c9cda4d36 100755
--- a/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
+++ b/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
@@ -2473,9 +2473,6 @@ def build_base_class(
     out = f"class {base_class_name} : public {parent_class} {{\n"
     out += " public:\n"
 
-    # Add destructor with override
-    public_content.insert(0, f"~{base_class_name}() override = default;")
-
     # Base classes don't implement encode/decode/calculate_size
     # Derived classes handle these with their specific field numbers
     cpp = ""
@@ -2483,6 +2480,8 @@ def build_base_class(
     out += indent("\n".join(public_content)) + "\n"
     out += "\n"
     out += " protected:\n"
+    # Non-virtual protected destructor prevents accidental polymorphic deletion
+    protected_content.insert(0, f"~{base_class_name}() = default;")
     out += indent("\n".join(protected_content))
     if protected_content:
         out += "\n"

From 80a2acca4f576b5c43fa0a87b5752a68e1d85b6c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 1 Mar 2026 18:19:32 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 295/609] [ld2410] Add UART mock integration test for LD2410
 component (#14377)

---
 .../external_components/uart_mock/__init__.py |  86 ++++
 .../uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp                   | 159 +++++++
 .../external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.h |  78 ++++
 .../fixtures/uart_mock_ld2410.yaml            | 145 +++++++
 .../uart_mock_ld2410_engineering.yaml         | 156 +++++++
 tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2410.py    | 392 ++++++++++++++++++
 6 files changed, 1016 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp
 create mode 100644 tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.h
 create mode 100644 tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2410.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2410_engineering.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2410.py

diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/__init__.py b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5bd879ab12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import uart
+from esphome.components.uart import CONF_DATA_BITS, CONF_PARITY, CONF_STOP_BITS
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_BAUD_RATE, CONF_DATA, CONF_DELAY, CONF_ID, CONF_INTERVAL
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/tests"]
+MULTI_CONF = True
+
+uart_mock_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("uart_mock")
+MockUartComponent = uart_mock_ns.class_(
+    "MockUartComponent", uart.UARTComponent, cg.Component
+)
+
+CONF_INJECTIONS = "injections"
+CONF_RESPONSES = "responses"
+CONF_INJECT_RX = "inject_rx"
+CONF_EXPECT_TX = "expect_tx"
+CONF_PERIODIC_RX = "periodic_rx"
+
+UART_PARITY_OPTIONS = {
+    "NONE": uart.UARTParityOptions.UART_CONFIG_PARITY_NONE,
+    "EVEN": uart.UARTParityOptions.UART_CONFIG_PARITY_EVEN,
+    "ODD": uart.UARTParityOptions.UART_CONFIG_PARITY_ODD,
+}
+
+INJECTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Required(CONF_INJECT_RX): [cv.hex_uint8_t],
+        cv.Optional(CONF_DELAY, default="0ms"): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+    }
+)
+
+RESPONSE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Required(CONF_EXPECT_TX): [cv.hex_uint8_t],
+        cv.Required(CONF_INJECT_RX): [cv.hex_uint8_t],
+    }
+)
+
+PERIODIC_RX_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Required(CONF_DATA): [cv.hex_uint8_t],
+        cv.Required(CONF_INTERVAL): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+    }
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(MockUartComponent),
+        cv.Required(CONF_BAUD_RATE): cv.int_range(min=1),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_STOP_BITS, default=1): cv.one_of(1, 2, int=True),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_DATA_BITS, default=8): cv.int_range(min=5, max=8),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_PARITY, default="NONE"): cv.enum(
+            UART_PARITY_OPTIONS, upper=True
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_INJECTIONS, default=[]): cv.ensure_list(INJECTION_SCHEMA),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_RESPONSES, default=[]): cv.ensure_list(RESPONSE_SCHEMA),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_PERIODIC_RX, default=[]): cv.ensure_list(PERIODIC_RX_SCHEMA),
+    }
+).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+
+    cg.add(var.set_baud_rate(config[CONF_BAUD_RATE]))
+    cg.add(var.set_stop_bits(config[CONF_STOP_BITS]))
+    cg.add(var.set_data_bits(config[CONF_DATA_BITS]))
+    cg.add(var.set_parity(config[CONF_PARITY]))
+
+    for injection in config[CONF_INJECTIONS]:
+        rx_data = injection[CONF_INJECT_RX]
+        delay_ms = injection[CONF_DELAY]
+        cg.add(var.add_injection(rx_data, delay_ms))
+
+    for response in config[CONF_RESPONSES]:
+        tx_data = response[CONF_EXPECT_TX]
+        rx_data = response[CONF_INJECT_RX]
+        cg.add(var.add_response(tx_data, rx_data))
+
+    for periodic in config[CONF_PERIODIC_RX]:
+        data = periodic[CONF_DATA]
+        interval = periodic[CONF_INTERVAL]
+        cg.add(var.add_periodic_rx(data, interval))
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a49d51ba10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+// Host-only test component — do not copy to production code.
+// See uart_mock.h for details.
+
+#include "uart_mock.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::uart_mock {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "uart_mock";
+
+void MockUartComponent::setup() {
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Mock UART initialized with %zu injections, %zu responses, %zu periodic", this->injections_.size(),
+           this->responses_.size(), this->periodic_rx_.size());
+}
+
+void MockUartComponent::loop() {
+  uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+
+  // Initialize scenario start time on first loop() call, after all components have
+  // finished setup(). This prevents injection delays from being consumed during setup.
+  if (!this->loop_started_) {
+    this->loop_started_ = true;
+    this->scenario_start_ms_ = now;
+    this->cumulative_delay_ms_ = 0;
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Scenario started at %u ms", now);
+  }
+
+  // Process at most ONE timed injection per loop iteration.
+  // This ensures each injection is in a separate loop cycle, giving the consuming
+  // component (e.g., LD2410) a chance to process each batch independently.
+  if (this->injection_index_ < this->injections_.size()) {
+    auto &injection = this->injections_[this->injection_index_];
+    uint32_t target_time = this->scenario_start_ms_ + this->cumulative_delay_ms_ + injection.delay_ms;
+    if (now >= target_time) {
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Injecting %zu RX bytes (injection %u)", injection.rx_data.size(), this->injection_index_);
+      this->inject_to_rx_buffer_(injection.rx_data);
+      this->cumulative_delay_ms_ += injection.delay_ms;
+      this->injection_index_++;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Process periodic RX
+  for (auto &periodic : this->periodic_rx_) {
+    if (now - periodic.last_inject_ms >= periodic.interval_ms) {
+      this->inject_to_rx_buffer_(periodic.data);
+      periodic.last_inject_ms = now;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void MockUartComponent::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "Mock UART Component:\n"
+                "  Baud Rate: %u\n"
+                "  Injections: %zu\n"
+                "  Responses: %zu\n"
+                "  Periodic RX: %zu",
+                this->baud_rate_, this->injections_.size(), this->responses_.size(), this->periodic_rx_.size());
+}
+
+void MockUartComponent::write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+  this->tx_count_ += len;
+  this->tx_buffer_.insert(this->tx_buffer_.end(), data, data + len);
+
+  // Log all TX data so tests can verify what the component sends
+  if (len > 0 && len <= 64) {
+    char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(64)];
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "TX %zu bytes: %s", len, format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, sizeof(hex_buf), data, len));
+  } else if (len > 64) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "TX %zu bytes (too large to log)", len);
+  }
+
+#ifdef USE_UART_DEBUGGER
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    this->debug_callback_.call(uart::UART_DIRECTION_TX, data[i]);
+  }
+#endif
+
+  this->try_match_response_();
+}
+
+bool MockUartComponent::peek_byte(uint8_t *data) {
+  if (this->rx_buffer_.empty()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  *data = this->rx_buffer_.front();
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool MockUartComponent::read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+  if (this->rx_buffer_.size() < len) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    data[i] = this->rx_buffer_.front();
+    this->rx_buffer_.pop_front();
+  }
+  this->rx_count_ += len;
+
+#ifdef USE_UART_DEBUGGER
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    this->debug_callback_.call(uart::UART_DIRECTION_RX, data[i]);
+  }
+#endif
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+size_t MockUartComponent::available() { return this->rx_buffer_.size(); }
+
+void MockUartComponent::flush() {
+  // Nothing to flush in mock
+}
+
+void MockUartComponent::add_injection(const std::vector<uint8_t> &rx_data, uint32_t delay_ms) {
+  this->injections_.push_back({rx_data, delay_ms});
+}
+
+void MockUartComponent::add_response(const std::vector<uint8_t> &expect_tx, const std::vector<uint8_t> &inject_rx) {
+  this->responses_.push_back({expect_tx, inject_rx});
+}
+
+void MockUartComponent::add_periodic_rx(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, uint32_t interval_ms) {
+  this->periodic_rx_.push_back({data, interval_ms, 0});
+}
+
+void MockUartComponent::try_match_response_() {
+  for (auto &response : this->responses_) {
+    if (this->tx_buffer_.size() < response.expect_tx.size()) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    // Check if tx_buffer_ ends with expect_tx
+    size_t offset = this->tx_buffer_.size() - response.expect_tx.size();
+    if (std::equal(response.expect_tx.begin(), response.expect_tx.end(), this->tx_buffer_.begin() + offset)) {
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "TX match found, injecting %zu RX bytes", response.inject_rx.size());
+      this->inject_to_rx_buffer_(response.inject_rx);
+      this->tx_buffer_.clear();
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void MockUartComponent::inject_to_rx_buffer_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
+  // Log injected RX data so tests can see what's being fed to the component
+  if (!data.empty() && data.size() <= 64) {
+    char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(64)];
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "RX inject %zu bytes: %s", data.size(),
+             format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, sizeof(hex_buf), data.data(), data.size()));
+  } else if (data.size() > 64) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "RX inject %zu bytes (too large to log inline)", data.size());
+  }
+  for (uint8_t byte : data) {
+    this->rx_buffer_.push_back(byte);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::uart_mock
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.h b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..00f4bf2e2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.h
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#pragma once
+
+// ============================================================================
+// HOST-ONLY TEST COMPONENT — DO NOT COPY TO PRODUCTION CODE
+//
+// This component runs exclusively on the host platform for integration testing.
+// It intentionally uses std::vector, std::deque, and dynamic allocation which
+// would be inappropriate for production embedded components. Do not use this
+// code as a reference for writing ESPHome components targeting real hardware.
+// ============================================================================
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h"
+#include <deque>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace esphome::uart_mock {
+
+class MockUartComponent : public uart::UARTComponent, public Component {
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  void loop() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::BUS; }
+
+  // UARTComponent interface
+  void write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
+  bool peek_byte(uint8_t *data) override;
+  bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
+  size_t available() override;
+  void flush() override;
+
+  // Scenario configuration - called from generated code
+  void add_injection(const std::vector<uint8_t> &rx_data, uint32_t delay_ms);
+  void add_response(const std::vector<uint8_t> &expect_tx, const std::vector<uint8_t> &inject_rx);
+  void add_periodic_rx(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, uint32_t interval_ms);
+
+ protected:
+  void check_logger_conflict() override {}
+  void try_match_response_();
+  void inject_to_rx_buffer_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data);
+
+  // Timed injections
+  struct Injection {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> rx_data;
+    uint32_t delay_ms;
+  };
+  std::vector<Injection> injections_;
+  uint32_t injection_index_{0};
+  uint32_t scenario_start_ms_{0};
+  uint32_t cumulative_delay_ms_{0};
+  bool loop_started_{false};
+
+  // TX-triggered responses
+  struct Response {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> expect_tx;
+    std::vector<uint8_t> inject_rx;
+  };
+  std::vector<Response> responses_;
+  std::vector<uint8_t> tx_buffer_;
+
+  // RX buffer
+  std::deque<uint8_t> rx_buffer_;
+
+  // Periodic RX
+  struct PeriodicRx {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> data;
+    uint32_t interval_ms;
+    uint32_t last_inject_ms{0};
+  };
+  std::vector<PeriodicRx> periodic_rx_;
+
+  // Observability
+  uint32_t tx_count_{0};
+  uint32_t rx_count_{0};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::uart_mock
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2410.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2410.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9a81468263
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2410.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-ld2410-test
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Dummy uart entry to satisfy ld2410's DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+# The actual UART bus used is the uart_mock component below
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+uart_mock:
+  id: mock_uart
+  baud_rate: 256000
+  injections:
+    # Phase 1 (t=100ms): Valid LD2410 normal mode data frame - happy path
+    # The buffer is clean at this point, so this frame should parse correctly.
+    # Moving target: 100cm, energy 50
+    # Still target: 120cm, energy 25
+    # Detection distance: 300cm
+    # Target state: 0x03 (moving + still)
+    #
+    # Note: LD2410's two_byte_to_int() uses signed char, so low bytes must be
+    # <=127 to produce correct values. Values >127 wrap negative.
+    #
+    # Frame layout (24 bytes):
+    #   [0-3]  F4 F3 F2 F1 = data frame header
+    #   [4-5]  0D 00       = length 13
+    #   [6]    02          = data type (normal)
+    #   [7]    AA          = data header marker
+    #   [8]    03          = target states (moving+still)
+    #   [9-10] 64 00       = moving distance 100 (0x0064)
+    #   [11]   32          = moving energy 50
+    #   [12-13] 78 00      = still distance 120 (0x0078)
+    #   [14]   19          = still energy 25
+    #   [15-16] 2C 01      = detection distance 300 (0x012C)
+    #   [17]   00          = padding
+    #   [18]   55          = data footer marker
+    #   [19]   00          = CRC/check
+    #   [20-23] F8 F7 F6 F5 = data frame footer
+    - delay: 100ms
+      inject_rx:
+        [
+          0xF4, 0xF3, 0xF2, 0xF1,
+          0x0D, 0x00,
+          0x02, 0xAA,
+          0x03,
+          0x64, 0x00,
+          0x32,
+          0x78, 0x00,
+          0x19,
+          0x2C, 0x01,
+          0x00,
+          0x55, 0x00,
+          0xF8, 0xF7, 0xF6, 0xF5,
+        ]
+
+    # Phase 2 (t=200ms): Garbage bytes - corrupt the buffer
+    # These random bytes will accumulate in the LD2410's internal buffer.
+    # No footer will be found, so the buffer just grows.
+    - delay: 100ms
+      inject_rx: [0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF, 0x00, 0x11, 0x22]
+
+    # Phase 3 (t=300ms): Truncated frame (header + partial data, no footer)
+    # More bytes accumulating in the buffer without a footer match.
+    - delay: 100ms
+      inject_rx: [0xF4, 0xF3, 0xF2, 0xF1, 0x0D, 0x00, 0x02, 0xAA]
+
+    # Phase 4 (t=500ms): Overflow - inject 85 bytes of 0xFF (MAX_LINE_LENGTH=50)
+    # Buffer has 15 bytes from phases 2+3.
+    # Overflow math: need 35 bytes to trigger first overflow (pos 15->49),
+    # then 50 more to trigger second overflow (pos 0->49). Total = 85 bytes.
+    # After two overflows, buffer_pos_ = 0 with a completely clean buffer.
+    # The LD2410 logs "Max command length exceeded" at each overflow.
+    - delay: 200ms
+      inject_rx:
+        [
+          0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+          0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+          0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+          0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+          0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+          0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+          0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+          0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+          0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+        ]
+
+    # Phase 5 (t=600ms): Valid frame after overflow - recovery test
+    # Buffer was reset by overflow. This valid frame should parse correctly.
+    # Moving target: 50cm, energy 100
+    # Still target: 75cm, energy 80
+    # Detection distance: 127cm
+    - delay: 100ms
+      inject_rx:
+        [
+          0xF4, 0xF3, 0xF2, 0xF1,
+          0x0D, 0x00,
+          0x02, 0xAA,
+          0x03,
+          0x32, 0x00,
+          0x64,
+          0x4B, 0x00,
+          0x50,
+          0x7F, 0x00,
+          0x00,
+          0x55, 0x00,
+          0xF8, 0xF7, 0xF6, 0xF5,
+        ]
+
+ld2410:
+  id: ld2410_dev
+  uart_id: mock_uart
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: ld2410
+    ld2410_id: ld2410_dev
+    moving_distance:
+      name: "Moving Distance"
+    still_distance:
+      name: "Still Distance"
+    moving_energy:
+      name: "Moving Energy"
+    still_energy:
+      name: "Still Energy"
+    detection_distance:
+      name: "Detection Distance"
+
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: ld2410
+    ld2410_id: ld2410_dev
+    has_target:
+      name: "Has Target"
+    has_moving_target:
+      name: "Has Moving Target"
+    has_still_target:
+      name: "Has Still Target"
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2410_engineering.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2410_engineering.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3b730fc1f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2410_engineering.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-ld2410-eng-test
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Dummy uart entry to satisfy ld2410's DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+uart_mock:
+  id: mock_uart
+  baud_rate: 256000
+  injections:
+    # Phase 1 (t=100ms): Valid LD2410 engineering mode data frame
+    # Captured from a real Screek Human Presence Sensor 1U with LD2410 firmware 2.4.x
+    #
+    # Engineering mode frame layout (45 bytes):
+    #   [0-3]   F4 F3 F2 F1 = data frame header
+    #   [4-5]   23 00       = length 35
+    #   [6]     01          = data type (engineering mode)
+    #   [7]     AA          = data header marker
+    #   [8]     03          = target states (moving+still)
+    #   [9-10]  1E 00       = moving distance 30 (0x001E)
+    #   [11]    64          = moving energy 100
+    #   [12-13] 1E 00       = still distance 30 (0x001E)
+    #   [14]    64          = still energy 100
+    #   [15-16] 00 00       = detection distance 0
+    #   [17]    08          = max moving distance gate
+    #   [18]    08          = max still distance gate
+    #   [19-27] gate moving energies (gates 0-8)
+    #   [28-36] gate still energies (gates 0-8)
+    #   [37]    57          = light sensor value 87
+    #   [38]    01          = out pin presence (HIGH)
+    #   [39]    55          = data footer marker
+    #   [40]    00          = check
+    #   [41-44] F8 F7 F6 F5 = data frame footer
+    - delay: 100ms
+      inject_rx:
+        [
+          0xF4, 0xF3, 0xF2, 0xF1,
+          0x23, 0x00,
+          0x01, 0xAA,
+          0x03,
+          0x1E, 0x00,
+          0x64,
+          0x1E, 0x00,
+          0x64,
+          0x00, 0x00,
+          0x08, 0x08,
+          0x64, 0x41, 0x06, 0x0E, 0x2B, 0x16, 0x03, 0x03, 0x07,
+          0x00, 0x00, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64,
+          0x57, 0x01,
+          0x55, 0x00,
+          0xF8, 0xF7, 0xF6, 0xF5,
+        ]
+
+    # Phase 2 (t=200ms): Second engineering mode frame with different values
+    # Real capture: moving at 73cm, still at 30cm, detection at 33cm
+    - delay: 100ms
+      inject_rx:
+        [
+          0xF4, 0xF3, 0xF2, 0xF1,
+          0x23, 0x00,
+          0x01, 0xAA,
+          0x03,
+          0x49, 0x00,
+          0x64,
+          0x1E, 0x00,
+          0x64,
+          0x21, 0x00,
+          0x08, 0x08,
+          0x11, 0x64, 0x05, 0x29, 0x39, 0x10, 0x03, 0x11, 0x0E,
+          0x00, 0x00, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64,
+          0x57, 0x01,
+          0x55, 0x00,
+          0xF8, 0xF7, 0xF6, 0xF5,
+        ]
+
+    # Phase 3 (t=300ms): Frame with still target at 291cm (multi-byte distance)
+    # This tests the two_byte_to_int function with high byte > 0
+    # Note: low byte 0x2F < 0x80 so it avoids the signed char bug
+    - delay: 100ms
+      inject_rx:
+        [
+          0xF4, 0xF3, 0xF2, 0xF1,
+          0x23, 0x00,
+          0x01, 0xAA,
+          0x03,
+          0x2F, 0x00,
+          0x36,
+          0x23, 0x01,
+          0x64,
+          0x21, 0x00,
+          0x08, 0x08,
+          0x2F, 0x36, 0x09, 0x0D, 0x15, 0x0B, 0x06, 0x06, 0x08,
+          0x00, 0x00, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x5A, 0x3D,
+          0x57, 0x01,
+          0x55, 0x00,
+          0xF8, 0xF7, 0xF6, 0xF5,
+        ]
+
+ld2410:
+  id: ld2410_dev
+  uart_id: mock_uart
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: ld2410
+    ld2410_id: ld2410_dev
+    moving_distance:
+      name: "Moving Distance"
+    still_distance:
+      name: "Still Distance"
+    moving_energy:
+      name: "Moving Energy"
+    still_energy:
+      name: "Still Energy"
+    detection_distance:
+      name: "Detection Distance"
+    light:
+      name: "Light"
+    g0:
+      move_energy:
+        name: "Gate 0 Move Energy"
+      still_energy:
+        name: "Gate 0 Still Energy"
+    g1:
+      move_energy:
+        name: "Gate 1 Move Energy"
+      still_energy:
+        name: "Gate 1 Still Energy"
+    g2:
+      move_energy:
+        name: "Gate 2 Move Energy"
+      still_energy:
+        name: "Gate 2 Still Energy"
+
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: ld2410
+    ld2410_id: ld2410_dev
+    has_target:
+      name: "Has Target"
+    has_moving_target:
+      name: "Has Moving Target"
+    has_still_target:
+      name: "Has Still Target"
+    out_pin_presence_status:
+      name: "Out Pin Presence"
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2410.py b/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2410.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e01d6ff8e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2410.py
@@ -0,0 +1,392 @@
+"""Integration test for LD2410 component with mock UART.
+
+Tests:
+test_uart_mock_ld2410 (normal mode):
+  1. Happy path - valid data frame publishes correct sensor values
+  2. Garbage resilience - random bytes don't crash the component
+  3. Truncated frame handling - partial frame doesn't corrupt state
+  4. Buffer overflow recovery - overflow resets the parser
+  5. Post-overflow parsing - next valid frame after overflow is parsed correctly
+  6. TX logging - verifies LD2410 sends expected setup commands
+
+test_uart_mock_ld2410_engineering (engineering mode):
+  1. Engineering mode frames with per-gate energy data and light sensor
+  2. Multi-byte still distance (291cm) using high byte > 0
+  3. Out pin presence binary sensor
+  4. Gate energy sensor values from real device captures
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from aioesphomeapi import (
+    BinarySensorInfo,
+    BinarySensorState,
+    EntityState,
+    SensorInfo,
+    SensorState,
+)
+import pytest
+
+from .state_utils import InitialStateHelper, build_key_to_entity_mapping, find_entity
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_uart_mock_ld2410(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test LD2410 data parsing with happy path, garbage, overflow, and recovery."""
+    # Replace external component path placeholder
+    external_components_path = str(
+        Path(__file__).parent / "fixtures" / "external_components"
+    )
+    yaml_config = yaml_config.replace(
+        "EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH", external_components_path
+    )
+
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+
+    # Track overflow warning in logs
+    overflow_seen = loop.create_future()
+
+    # Track TX data logged by the mock for assertions
+    tx_log_lines: list[str] = []
+
+    def line_callback(line: str) -> None:
+        if "Max command length exceeded" in line and not overflow_seen.done():
+            overflow_seen.set_result(True)
+        # Capture all TX log lines from uart_mock
+        if "uart_mock" in line and "TX " in line:
+            tx_log_lines.append(line)
+
+    # Track sensor state updates (after initial state is swallowed)
+    sensor_states: dict[str, list[float]] = {
+        "moving_distance": [],
+        "still_distance": [],
+        "moving_energy": [],
+        "still_energy": [],
+        "detection_distance": [],
+    }
+    binary_states: dict[str, list[bool]] = {
+        "has_target": [],
+        "has_moving_target": [],
+        "has_still_target": [],
+    }
+
+    # Signal when we see recovery frame values
+    recovery_received = loop.create_future()
+
+    def on_state(state: EntityState) -> None:
+        if isinstance(state, SensorState) and not state.missing_state:
+            sensor_name = key_to_sensor.get(state.key)
+            if sensor_name and sensor_name in sensor_states:
+                sensor_states[sensor_name].append(state.state)
+                # Check if this is the recovery frame (moving_distance = 50)
+                if (
+                    sensor_name == "moving_distance"
+                    and state.state == pytest.approx(50.0)
+                    and not recovery_received.done()
+                ):
+                    recovery_received.set_result(True)
+        elif isinstance(state, BinarySensorState):
+            sensor_name = key_to_sensor.get(state.key)
+            if sensor_name and sensor_name in binary_states:
+                binary_states[sensor_name].append(state.state)
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=line_callback),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        entities, _ = await client.list_entities_services()
+
+        # Build key mappings for all sensor types
+        all_names = list(sensor_states.keys()) + list(binary_states.keys())
+        key_to_sensor = build_key_to_entity_mapping(entities, all_names)
+
+        # Set up initial state helper
+        initial_state_helper = InitialStateHelper(entities)
+        client.subscribe_states(initial_state_helper.on_state_wrapper(on_state))
+
+        try:
+            await initial_state_helper.wait_for_initial_states()
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail("Timeout waiting for initial states")
+
+        # Phase 1 values are in the initial states (swallowed by InitialStateHelper).
+        # Verify them via initial_states dict.
+        moving_dist_entity = find_entity(entities, "moving_distance", SensorInfo)
+        assert moving_dist_entity is not None
+        initial_moving = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(moving_dist_entity.key)
+        assert initial_moving is not None and isinstance(initial_moving, SensorState)
+        assert initial_moving.state == pytest.approx(100.0), (
+            f"Initial moving distance should be 100, got {initial_moving.state}"
+        )
+
+        still_dist_entity = find_entity(entities, "still_distance", SensorInfo)
+        assert still_dist_entity is not None
+        initial_still = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(still_dist_entity.key)
+        assert initial_still is not None and isinstance(initial_still, SensorState)
+        assert initial_still.state == pytest.approx(120.0), (
+            f"Initial still distance should be 120, got {initial_still.state}"
+        )
+
+        moving_energy_entity = find_entity(entities, "moving_energy", SensorInfo)
+        assert moving_energy_entity is not None
+        initial_me = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(moving_energy_entity.key)
+        assert initial_me is not None and isinstance(initial_me, SensorState)
+        assert initial_me.state == pytest.approx(50.0), (
+            f"Initial moving energy should be 50, got {initial_me.state}"
+        )
+
+        still_energy_entity = find_entity(entities, "still_energy", SensorInfo)
+        assert still_energy_entity is not None
+        initial_se = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(still_energy_entity.key)
+        assert initial_se is not None and isinstance(initial_se, SensorState)
+        assert initial_se.state == pytest.approx(25.0), (
+            f"Initial still energy should be 25, got {initial_se.state}"
+        )
+
+        detect_dist_entity = find_entity(entities, "detection_distance", SensorInfo)
+        assert detect_dist_entity is not None
+        initial_dd = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(detect_dist_entity.key)
+        assert initial_dd is not None and isinstance(initial_dd, SensorState)
+        assert initial_dd.state == pytest.approx(300.0), (
+            f"Initial detection distance should be 300, got {initial_dd.state}"
+        )
+
+        # Wait for the recovery frame (Phase 5) to be parsed
+        # This proves the component survived garbage + truncated + overflow
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(recovery_received, timeout=15.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(
+                f"Timeout waiting for recovery frame. Received sensor states:\n"
+                f"  moving_distance: {sensor_states['moving_distance']}\n"
+                f"  still_distance: {sensor_states['still_distance']}\n"
+                f"  moving_energy: {sensor_states['moving_energy']}\n"
+                f"  still_energy: {sensor_states['still_energy']}\n"
+                f"  detection_distance: {sensor_states['detection_distance']}"
+            )
+
+        # Verify overflow warning was logged
+        assert overflow_seen.done(), (
+            "Expected 'Max command length exceeded' warning in logs"
+        )
+
+        # Verify LD2410 sent setup commands (TX logging)
+        # LD2410 sends 7 commands during setup: FF (config on), A0 (version),
+        # A5 (MAC), AB (distance res), AE (light), 61 (params), FE (config off)
+        assert len(tx_log_lines) > 0, "Expected TX log lines from uart_mock"
+        tx_data = " ".join(tx_log_lines)
+        # Verify command frame header appears (FD:FC:FB:FA)
+        assert "FD:FC:FB:FA" in tx_data, (
+            "Expected LD2410 command frame header FD:FC:FB:FA in TX log"
+        )
+        # Verify command frame footer appears (04:03:02:01)
+        assert "04:03:02:01" in tx_data, (
+            "Expected LD2410 command frame footer 04:03:02:01 in TX log"
+        )
+
+        # Recovery frame values (Phase 5, after overflow)
+        assert len(sensor_states["moving_distance"]) >= 1, (
+            f"Expected recovery moving_distance, got: {sensor_states['moving_distance']}"
+        )
+        # Find the recovery value (moving_distance = 50)
+        recovery_values = [
+            v for v in sensor_states["moving_distance"] if v == pytest.approx(50.0)
+        ]
+        assert len(recovery_values) >= 1, (
+            f"Expected moving_distance=50 in recovery, got: {sensor_states['moving_distance']}"
+        )
+
+        # Recovery frame: moving=50, still=75, energy=100/80, detect=127
+        recovery_idx = next(
+            i
+            for i, v in enumerate(sensor_states["moving_distance"])
+            if v == pytest.approx(50.0)
+        )
+        assert sensor_states["still_distance"][recovery_idx] == pytest.approx(75.0), (
+            f"Recovery still distance should be 75, got {sensor_states['still_distance'][recovery_idx]}"
+        )
+        assert sensor_states["moving_energy"][recovery_idx] == pytest.approx(100.0), (
+            f"Recovery moving energy should be 100, got {sensor_states['moving_energy'][recovery_idx]}"
+        )
+        assert sensor_states["still_energy"][recovery_idx] == pytest.approx(80.0), (
+            f"Recovery still energy should be 80, got {sensor_states['still_energy'][recovery_idx]}"
+        )
+        assert sensor_states["detection_distance"][recovery_idx] == pytest.approx(
+            127.0
+        ), (
+            f"Recovery detection distance should be 127, got {sensor_states['detection_distance'][recovery_idx]}"
+        )
+
+        # Verify binary sensors detected targets
+        # Binary sensors could be in initial states or forwarded states
+        has_target_entity = find_entity(entities, "has_target", BinarySensorInfo)
+        assert has_target_entity is not None
+        initial_ht = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(has_target_entity.key)
+        assert initial_ht is not None and isinstance(initial_ht, BinarySensorState)
+        assert initial_ht.state is True, "Has target should be True"
+
+        has_moving_entity = find_entity(entities, "has_moving_target", BinarySensorInfo)
+        assert has_moving_entity is not None
+        initial_hm = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(has_moving_entity.key)
+        assert initial_hm is not None and isinstance(initial_hm, BinarySensorState)
+        assert initial_hm.state is True, "Has moving target should be True"
+
+        has_still_entity = find_entity(entities, "has_still_target", BinarySensorInfo)
+        assert has_still_entity is not None
+        initial_hs = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(has_still_entity.key)
+        assert initial_hs is not None and isinstance(initial_hs, BinarySensorState)
+        assert initial_hs.state is True, "Has still target should be True"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_uart_mock_ld2410_engineering(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test LD2410 engineering mode with per-gate energy, light, and multi-byte distance."""
+    external_components_path = str(
+        Path(__file__).parent / "fixtures" / "external_components"
+    )
+    yaml_config = yaml_config.replace(
+        "EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH", external_components_path
+    )
+
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+
+    # Track sensor state updates (after initial state is swallowed)
+    sensor_states: dict[str, list[float]] = {
+        "moving_distance": [],
+        "still_distance": [],
+        "moving_energy": [],
+        "still_energy": [],
+        "detection_distance": [],
+        "light": [],
+        "gate_0_move_energy": [],
+        "gate_1_move_energy": [],
+        "gate_2_move_energy": [],
+        "gate_0_still_energy": [],
+        "gate_1_still_energy": [],
+        "gate_2_still_energy": [],
+    }
+    binary_states: dict[str, list[bool]] = {
+        "has_target": [],
+        "has_moving_target": [],
+        "has_still_target": [],
+        "out_pin_presence": [],
+    }
+
+    # Signal when we see Phase 3 frame (still_distance = 291)
+    phase3_received = loop.create_future()
+
+    def on_state(state: EntityState) -> None:
+        if isinstance(state, SensorState) and not state.missing_state:
+            sensor_name = key_to_sensor.get(state.key)
+            if sensor_name and sensor_name in sensor_states:
+                sensor_states[sensor_name].append(state.state)
+                if (
+                    sensor_name == "still_distance"
+                    and state.state == pytest.approx(291.0)
+                    and not phase3_received.done()
+                ):
+                    phase3_received.set_result(True)
+        elif isinstance(state, BinarySensorState):
+            sensor_name = key_to_sensor.get(state.key)
+            if sensor_name and sensor_name in binary_states:
+                binary_states[sensor_name].append(state.state)
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        entities, _ = await client.list_entities_services()
+
+        all_names = list(sensor_states.keys()) + list(binary_states.keys())
+        key_to_sensor = build_key_to_entity_mapping(entities, all_names)
+
+        initial_state_helper = InitialStateHelper(entities)
+        client.subscribe_states(initial_state_helper.on_state_wrapper(on_state))
+
+        try:
+            await initial_state_helper.wait_for_initial_states()
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail("Timeout waiting for initial states")
+
+        # Phase 1 initial values (engineering mode frame):
+        # moving=30, energy=100, still=30, energy=100, detect=0
+        moving_dist_entity = find_entity(entities, "moving_distance", SensorInfo)
+        assert moving_dist_entity is not None
+        initial_moving = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(moving_dist_entity.key)
+        assert initial_moving is not None and isinstance(initial_moving, SensorState)
+        assert initial_moving.state == pytest.approx(30.0), (
+            f"Initial moving distance should be 30, got {initial_moving.state}"
+        )
+
+        still_dist_entity = find_entity(entities, "still_distance", SensorInfo)
+        assert still_dist_entity is not None
+        initial_still = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(still_dist_entity.key)
+        assert initial_still is not None and isinstance(initial_still, SensorState)
+        assert initial_still.state == pytest.approx(30.0), (
+            f"Initial still distance should be 30, got {initial_still.state}"
+        )
+
+        # Verify engineering mode sensors from initial state
+        # Gate 0 moving energy = 0x64 = 100
+        gate0_move_entity = find_entity(entities, "gate_0_move_energy", SensorInfo)
+        assert gate0_move_entity is not None
+        initial_g0m = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(gate0_move_entity.key)
+        assert initial_g0m is not None and isinstance(initial_g0m, SensorState)
+        assert initial_g0m.state == pytest.approx(100.0), (
+            f"Gate 0 move energy should be 100, got {initial_g0m.state}"
+        )
+
+        # Gate 1 moving energy = 0x41 = 65
+        gate1_move_entity = find_entity(entities, "gate_1_move_energy", SensorInfo)
+        assert gate1_move_entity is not None
+        initial_g1m = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(gate1_move_entity.key)
+        assert initial_g1m is not None and isinstance(initial_g1m, SensorState)
+        assert initial_g1m.state == pytest.approx(65.0), (
+            f"Gate 1 move energy should be 65, got {initial_g1m.state}"
+        )
+
+        # Light sensor = 0x57 = 87
+        light_entity = find_entity(entities, "light", SensorInfo)
+        assert light_entity is not None
+        initial_light = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(light_entity.key)
+        assert initial_light is not None and isinstance(initial_light, SensorState)
+        assert initial_light.state == pytest.approx(87.0), (
+            f"Light sensor should be 87, got {initial_light.state}"
+        )
+
+        # Out pin presence = 0x01 = True
+        out_pin_entity = find_entity(entities, "out_pin_presence", BinarySensorInfo)
+        assert out_pin_entity is not None
+        initial_out = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(out_pin_entity.key)
+        assert initial_out is not None and isinstance(initial_out, BinarySensorState)
+        assert initial_out.state is True, "Out pin presence should be True"
+
+        # Wait for Phase 3 frame (still_distance = 291cm, multi-byte)
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(phase3_received, timeout=15.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(
+                f"Timeout waiting for Phase 3 frame. Received sensor states:\n"
+                f"  still_distance: {sensor_states['still_distance']}\n"
+                f"  moving_distance: {sensor_states['moving_distance']}"
+            )
+
+        # Phase 3: still distance = 0x0123 = 291cm (multi-byte distance test)
+        phase3_still = [
+            v for v in sensor_states["still_distance"] if v == pytest.approx(291.0)
+        ]
+        assert len(phase3_still) >= 1, (
+            f"Expected still_distance=291, got: {sensor_states['still_distance']}"
+        )

From 9d4357c619ee94ae9a934276525e1bfa0ac99b8b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 1 Mar 2026 18:20:14 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 296/609] [core] Wake main loop from ISR in
 enable_loop_soon_any_context() (#14383)

---
 esphome/components/socket/__init__.py |  7 ++++---
 esphome/core/application.h            |  8 +++++++-
 esphome/core/component.cpp            |  8 +++++++-
 esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.c       | 24 +++++++++++++++++++-----
 esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h       |  7 +++++++
 5 files changed, 44 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/__init__.py b/esphome/components/socket/__init__.py
index a83648979c..08cf3ea33c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/__init__.py
@@ -189,9 +189,10 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add_define("USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS")
         cg.add_define("USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT")
     # ESP32 and LibreTiny both have LwIP >= 2.1.3 with lwip_socket_dbg_get_socket()
-    # and FreeRTOS task notifications — enable fast select to bypass lwip_select()
-    if CORE.is_esp32 or CORE.is_libretiny:
-        cg.add_define("USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT")
+    # and FreeRTOS task notifications — enable fast select to bypass lwip_select().
+    # Only when not using lwip_tcp, which does not provide select() support.
+    if (CORE.is_esp32 or CORE.is_libretiny) and impl != IMPLEMENTATION_LWIP_TCP:
+        cg.add_build_flag("-DUSE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT")
 
 
 def FILTER_SOURCE_FILES() -> list[str]:
diff --git a/esphome/core/application.h b/esphome/core/application.h
index 13e0f63885..d2345e2b0b 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.h
+++ b/esphome/core/application.h
@@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ class Application {
   void wake_loop_threadsafe();
 #endif
 
-#if defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE) && defined(USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT)
+#ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
   /// Wake the main event loop from an ISR.
   /// Uses vTaskNotifyGiveFromISR() — <1 us, ISR-safe.
   /// Only available on platforms with fast select (ESP32, LibreTiny).
@@ -509,6 +509,12 @@ class Application {
   static void IRAM_ATTR wake_loop_isrsafe(int *px_higher_priority_task_woken) {
     esphome_lwip_wake_main_loop_from_isr(px_higher_priority_task_woken);
   }
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+  /// Wake the main event loop from any context (ISR, thread, or main loop).
+  /// Detects the calling context and uses the appropriate FreeRTOS API.
+  static void IRAM_ATTR wake_loop_any_context() { esphome_lwip_wake_main_loop_any_context(); }
+#endif
 #endif
 #endif
 
diff --git a/esphome/core/component.cpp b/esphome/core/component.cpp
index fd4e0d2984..5afd901da2 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/component.cpp
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ void IRAM_ATTR HOT Component::enable_loop_soon_any_context() {
   // This method is thread and ISR-safe because:
   // 1. Only performs simple assignments to volatile variables (atomic on all platforms)
   // 2. No read-modify-write operations that could be interrupted
-  // 3. No memory allocation, object construction, or function calls
+  // 3. No memory allocation or object construction; on ESP32 the only call (wake_loop_any_context) is ISR-safe
   // 4. IRAM_ATTR ensures code is in IRAM, not flash (required for ISR execution)
   // 5. Components are never destroyed, so no use-after-free concerns
   // 6. App is guaranteed to be initialized before any ISR could fire
@@ -323,6 +323,12 @@ void IRAM_ATTR HOT Component::enable_loop_soon_any_context() {
   // 8. Race condition with main loop is handled by clearing flag before processing
   this->pending_enable_loop_ = true;
   App.has_pending_enable_loop_requests_ = true;
+#if defined(USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT) && defined(USE_ESP32)
+  // Wake the main loop if sleeping in ulTaskNotifyTake(). Without this,
+  // the main loop would not wake until the select timeout expires (~16ms).
+  // Uses xPortInIsrContext() to choose the correct FreeRTOS notify API.
+  Application::wake_loop_any_context();
+#endif
 }
 void Component::reset_to_construction_state() {
   if ((this->component_state_ & COMPONENT_STATE_MASK) == COMPONENT_STATE_FAILED) {
diff --git a/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.c b/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.c
index da0f1f337a..989f66e9be 100644
--- a/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.c
+++ b/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.c
@@ -105,10 +105,9 @@
 //     critical sections). Multiple concurrent xTaskNotifyGive calls are safe —
 //     the notification count simply increments.
 
-// USE_ESP32 and USE_LIBRETINY are compiler -D flags, so they are always visible in this .c file.
-// Feature macros like USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT may come from generated headers that are not included here,
-// so this implementation is enabled based on platform flags instead of USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT.
-#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
+// USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT is set via -D build flag (not cg.add_define) so it is
+// visible in both .c and .cpp translation units.
+#ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
 
 // LwIP headers must come first — they define netconn_callback, struct lwip_sock, etc.
 #include <lwip/api.h>
@@ -239,4 +238,19 @@ void IRAM_ATTR esphome_lwip_wake_main_loop_from_isr(int *px_higher_priority_task
   }
 }
 
-#endif  // defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
+// Wake the main loop from any context (ISR, thread, or main loop).
+// ESP32-only: uses xPortInIsrContext() to detect ISR context.
+// LibreTiny is excluded because it lacks IRAM_ATTR support needed for ISR-safe paths.
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+void IRAM_ATTR esphome_lwip_wake_main_loop_any_context(void) {
+  if (xPortInIsrContext()) {
+    int px_higher_priority_task_woken = 0;
+    esphome_lwip_wake_main_loop_from_isr(&px_higher_priority_task_woken);
+    portYIELD_FROM_ISR(px_higher_priority_task_woken);
+  } else {
+    esphome_lwip_wake_main_loop();
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif  // USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
diff --git a/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h b/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h
index b7a70a8f9f..6fce34fd76 100644
--- a/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h
+++ b/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h
@@ -33,6 +33,13 @@ void esphome_lwip_wake_main_loop(void);
 /// @param px_higher_priority_task_woken Set to pdTRUE if a context switch is needed.
 void esphome_lwip_wake_main_loop_from_isr(int *px_higher_priority_task_woken);
 
+/// Wake the main loop task from any context (ISR, thread, or main loop).
+/// ESP32-only: uses xPortInIsrContext() to detect ISR context.
+/// LibreTiny lacks IRAM_ATTR support needed for ISR-safe paths.
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+void esphome_lwip_wake_main_loop_any_context(void);
+#endif
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif

From 590ee81f7a13356c75d5cafa2436771fe4b80f53 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: schrob <83939986+schdro@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Mar 2026 07:16:36 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 297/609] [openthread] Disable default enabled OT console build
 (#14390)

Co-authored-by: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@koston.org>
---
 esphome/components/openthread/__init__.py | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread/__init__.py b/esphome/components/openthread/__init__.py
index dde4987181..5861c3db3f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/openthread/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread/__init__.py
@@ -52,6 +52,8 @@ def set_sdkconfig_options(config):
 
     # There is a conflict if the logger's uart also uses the default UART, which is seen as a watchdog failure on "ot_cli"
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_OPENTHREAD_CLI", False)
+    # Console is the transport layer for CLI; disable it too since CLI is disabled
+    add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_OPENTHREAD_CONSOLE_ENABLE", False)
 
     # Diag unused, if needed for lab/cert/etc tests then enable separately
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_OPENTHREAD_DIAG", False)

From 3160457ca620adfbe48980af20d89a5c062462ee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bonne Eggleston <bonne@exciton.com.au>
Date: Mon, 2 Mar 2026 00:51:27 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 298/609] Create integration tests for modbus (#14395)

Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@home-assistant.io>
---
 .../external_components/uart_mock/__init__.py |  83 +++++++++-
 .../uart_mock/automation.h                    |  51 ++++++
 .../uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp                   |  25 ++-
 .../external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.h |  10 +-
 .../fixtures/uart_mock_modbus.yaml            |  40 +++++
 .../fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_timing.yaml     |  54 +++++++
 tests/integration/test_uart_mock_modbus.py    | 153 ++++++++++++++++++
 7 files changed, 409 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/automation.h
 create mode 100644 tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_timing.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/integration/test_uart_mock_modbus.py

diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/__init__.py b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/__init__.py
index 5bd879ab12..dea8c38551 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/__init__.py
@@ -1,8 +1,28 @@
+from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
-from esphome.components.uart import CONF_DATA_BITS, CONF_PARITY, CONF_STOP_BITS
+from esphome.components.uart import (
+    CONF_RX_FULL_THRESHOLD,
+    CONF_RX_TIMEOUT,
+    debug_to_code,
+    maybe_empty_debug,
+    validate_raw_data,
+)
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_BAUD_RATE, CONF_DATA, CONF_DELAY, CONF_ID, CONF_INTERVAL
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_BAUD_RATE,
+    CONF_DATA,
+    CONF_DATA_BITS,
+    CONF_DEBUG,
+    CONF_DELAY,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_INTERVAL,
+    CONF_PARITY,
+    CONF_RX_BUFFER_SIZE,
+    CONF_STOP_BITS,
+    CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
+)
+from esphome.core import ID
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/tests"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
@@ -11,12 +31,20 @@ uart_mock_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("uart_mock")
 MockUartComponent = uart_mock_ns.class_(
     "MockUartComponent", uart.UARTComponent, cg.Component
 )
+MockUartInjectRXAction = uart_mock_ns.class_(
+    "MockUartInjectRXAction", automation.Action
+)
+MockUartTXTrigger = uart_mock_ns.class_(
+    "MockUartTXTrigger",
+    automation.Trigger.template(cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint8)),
+)
 
 CONF_INJECTIONS = "injections"
 CONF_RESPONSES = "responses"
 CONF_INJECT_RX = "inject_rx"
 CONF_EXPECT_TX = "expect_tx"
 CONF_PERIODIC_RX = "periodic_rx"
+CONF_ON_TX = "on_tx"
 
 UART_PARITY_OPTIONS = {
     "NONE": uart.UARTParityOptions.UART_CONFIG_PARITY_NONE,
@@ -31,6 +59,15 @@ INJECTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     }
 )
 
+CONFIG_INJECT_RX_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(MockUartComponent),
+        cv.Required("data"): cv.templatable(validate_raw_data),
+    },
+    key=CONF_DATA,
+)
+
+
 RESPONSE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
         cv.Required(CONF_EXPECT_TX): [cv.hex_uint8_t],
@@ -49,6 +86,9 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
         cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(MockUartComponent),
         cv.Required(CONF_BAUD_RATE): cv.int_range(min=1),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_RX_BUFFER_SIZE, default=256): cv.validate_bytes,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_RX_FULL_THRESHOLD, default=10): cv.int_range(min=1, max=120),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_RX_TIMEOUT, default=2): cv.int_range(min=0, max=92),
         cv.Optional(CONF_STOP_BITS, default=1): cv.one_of(1, 2, int=True),
         cv.Optional(CONF_DATA_BITS, default=8): cv.int_range(min=5, max=8),
         cv.Optional(CONF_PARITY, default="NONE"): cv.enum(
@@ -57,15 +97,45 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
         cv.Optional(CONF_INJECTIONS, default=[]): cv.ensure_list(INJECTION_SCHEMA),
         cv.Optional(CONF_RESPONSES, default=[]): cv.ensure_list(RESPONSE_SCHEMA),
         cv.Optional(CONF_PERIODIC_RX, default=[]): cv.ensure_list(PERIODIC_RX_SCHEMA),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_TX): automation.validate_automation(
+            {
+                cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(MockUartTXTrigger),
+            }
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_DEBUG): maybe_empty_debug,
     }
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
+@automation.register_action(
+    "uart_mock.inject_rx", MockUartInjectRXAction, CONFIG_INJECT_RX_SCHEMA
+)
+async def inject_rx_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
+    data = config[CONF_DATA]
+    if isinstance(data, bytes):
+        data = list(data)
+
+    if cg.is_template(data):
+        templ = await cg.templatable(data, args, cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint8))
+        cg.add(var.set_data_template(templ))
+    else:
+        # Generate static array in flash to avoid RAM copy
+        arr_id = ID(f"{action_id}_data", is_declaration=True, type=cg.uint8)
+        arr = cg.static_const_array(arr_id, cg.ArrayInitializer(*data))
+        cg.add(var.set_data_static(arr, len(data)))
+    return var
+
+
 async def to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_baud_rate(config[CONF_BAUD_RATE]))
+    cg.add(var.set_rx_buffer_size(config[CONF_RX_BUFFER_SIZE]))
+    cg.add(var.set_rx_full_threshold(config[CONF_RX_FULL_THRESHOLD]))
+    cg.add(var.set_rx_timeout(config[CONF_RX_TIMEOUT]))
     cg.add(var.set_stop_bits(config[CONF_STOP_BITS]))
     cg.add(var.set_data_bits(config[CONF_DATA_BITS]))
     cg.add(var.set_parity(config[CONF_PARITY]))
@@ -84,3 +154,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
         data = periodic[CONF_DATA]
         interval = periodic[CONF_INTERVAL]
         cg.add(var.add_periodic_rx(data, interval))
+
+    for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_TX, []):
+        trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
+        await automation.build_automation(
+            trigger, [(cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint8), "data")], conf
+        )
+
+    if CONF_DEBUG in config:
+        await debug_to_code(config[CONF_DEBUG], var)
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/automation.h b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/automation.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..83a057d3a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/automation.h
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
+#include "uart_mock.h"
+
+namespace esphome::uart_mock {
+
+// This pattern is similar to UARTWriteAction but calls inject_rx instead of write_array, and is parented to VirtualUART
+// instead of UARTComponent
+template<typename... Ts> class MockUartInjectRXAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<MockUartComponent> {
+ public:
+  void set_data_template(std::vector<uint8_t> (*func)(Ts...)) {
+    // Stateless lambdas (generated by ESPHome) implicitly convert to function pointers
+    this->code_.func = func;
+    this->len_ = -1;  // Sentinel value indicates template mode
+  }
+
+  // Store pointer to static data in flash (no RAM copy)
+  void set_data_static(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+    this->code_.data = data;
+    this->len_ = len;  // Length >= 0 indicates static mode
+  }
+
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
+    if (this->len_ >= 0) {
+      // Static mode: use pointer and length
+      this->parent_->inject_to_rx_buffer(this->code_.data, static_cast<size_t>(this->len_));
+    } else {
+      // Template mode: call function
+      auto val = this->code_.func(x...);
+      this->parent_->inject_to_rx_buffer(val);
+    }
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  ssize_t len_{-1};  // -1 = template mode, >=0 = static mode with length
+  union Code {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> (*func)(Ts...);  // Function pointer (stateless lambdas)
+    const uint8_t *data;                  // Pointer to static data in flash
+  } code_;
+};
+
+class MockUartTXTrigger : public Trigger<std::vector<uint8_t>> {
+ public:
+  explicit MockUartTXTrigger(MockUartComponent *parent) {
+    parent->set_tx_hook([this](std::vector<uint8_t> data) { this->trigger(data); });
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::uart_mock
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp
index a49d51ba10..a4a1c41234 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ void MockUartComponent::loop() {
     uint32_t target_time = this->scenario_start_ms_ + this->cumulative_delay_ms_ + injection.delay_ms;
     if (now >= target_time) {
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Injecting %zu RX bytes (injection %u)", injection.rx_data.size(), this->injection_index_);
-      this->inject_to_rx_buffer_(injection.rx_data);
+      this->inject_to_rx_buffer(injection.rx_data);
       this->cumulative_delay_ms_ += injection.delay_ms;
       this->injection_index_++;
     }
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ void MockUartComponent::loop() {
   // Process periodic RX
   for (auto &periodic : this->periodic_rx_) {
     if (now - periodic.last_inject_ms >= periodic.interval_ms) {
-      this->inject_to_rx_buffer_(periodic.data);
+      this->inject_to_rx_buffer(periodic.data);
       periodic.last_inject_ms = now;
     }
   }
@@ -79,6 +79,12 @@ void MockUartComponent::write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
 #endif
 
   this->try_match_response_();
+
+  // This directly calls a tx_hook (lambda) as an alternative to the simpler match_response mechanism.
+  if (this->tx_hook_) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> buf(data, data + len);
+    this->tx_hook_(buf);
+  }
 }
 
 bool MockUartComponent::peek_byte(uint8_t *data) {
@@ -114,6 +120,12 @@ void MockUartComponent::flush() {
   // Nothing to flush in mock
 }
 
+void MockUartComponent::set_rx_full_threshold(size_t rx_full_threshold) {
+  this->rx_full_threshold_ = rx_full_threshold;
+}
+
+void MockUartComponent::set_rx_timeout(size_t rx_timeout) { this->rx_timeout_ = rx_timeout; }
+
 void MockUartComponent::add_injection(const std::vector<uint8_t> &rx_data, uint32_t delay_ms) {
   this->injections_.push_back({rx_data, delay_ms});
 }
@@ -135,14 +147,19 @@ void MockUartComponent::try_match_response_() {
     size_t offset = this->tx_buffer_.size() - response.expect_tx.size();
     if (std::equal(response.expect_tx.begin(), response.expect_tx.end(), this->tx_buffer_.begin() + offset)) {
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "TX match found, injecting %zu RX bytes", response.inject_rx.size());
-      this->inject_to_rx_buffer_(response.inject_rx);
+      this->inject_to_rx_buffer(response.inject_rx);
       this->tx_buffer_.clear();
       return;
     }
   }
 }
 
-void MockUartComponent::inject_to_rx_buffer_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
+void MockUartComponent::inject_to_rx_buffer(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> vec(data, data + len);
+  this->inject_to_rx_buffer(vec);
+}
+
+void MockUartComponent::inject_to_rx_buffer(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
   // Log injected RX data so tests can see what's being fed to the component
   if (!data.empty() && data.size() <= 64) {
     char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(64)];
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.h b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.h
index 00f4bf2e2b..5bbc3c1bf6 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.h
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.h
@@ -29,16 +29,21 @@ class MockUartComponent : public uart::UARTComponent, public Component {
   bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
   size_t available() override;
   void flush() override;
+  void set_rx_full_threshold(size_t rx_full_threshold) override;
+  void set_rx_timeout(size_t rx_timeout) override;
 
   // Scenario configuration - called from generated code
   void add_injection(const std::vector<uint8_t> &rx_data, uint32_t delay_ms);
   void add_response(const std::vector<uint8_t> &expect_tx, const std::vector<uint8_t> &inject_rx);
   void add_periodic_rx(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, uint32_t interval_ms);
 
+  void set_tx_hook(std::function<void(const std::vector<uint8_t> &)> &&cb) { this->tx_hook_ = std::move(cb); }
+  void inject_to_rx_buffer(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data);
+  void inject_to_rx_buffer(const uint8_t *data, size_t len);
+
  protected:
   void check_logger_conflict() override {}
   void try_match_response_();
-  void inject_to_rx_buffer_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data);
 
   // Timed injections
   struct Injection {
@@ -73,6 +78,9 @@ class MockUartComponent : public uart::UARTComponent, public Component {
   // Observability
   uint32_t tx_count_{0};
   uint32_t rx_count_{0};
+
+  // Direct TX hook for tests that want to bypass the response-matching logic
+  std::function<void(const std::vector<uint8_t> &)> tx_hook_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::uart_mock
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..89b9b91861
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-modbus-test
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Dummy uart entry to satisfy modbus's DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+# The actual UART bus used is the uart_mock component below
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+uart_mock:
+  - id: virtual_uart_dev
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    rx_full_threshold: 120
+    rx_timeout: 2
+    debug:
+    responses:
+      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x01, 0x74, 0x0A] # Read holding register 1 on device 1
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x03, 0xF9, 0xD5] # Return value 0x0103 (hex) = 259 (dec)
+
+modbus:
+  uart_id: virtual_uart_dev
+
+modbus_controller:
+  address: 1
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    name: "basic_register"
+    address: 0x03
+    register_type: holding
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_timing.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_timing.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cd485ca394
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_timing.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-modbus-test
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Dummy uart entry to satisfy modbus's DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+# The actual UART bus used is the uart_mock component below
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+uart_mock:
+  - id: virtual_uart_dev
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    rx_full_threshold: 120
+    rx_timeout: 2
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - if:
+              condition: #Read 80 input registers on device 2, starting at address 0 (SDM meter request)
+                lambda: "return data == std::vector<uint8_t>({0x02,0x04,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x50,0xF0,0x05});"
+              then:
+                - uart_mock.inject_rx: # Good response from SDM meter with CRC. Voltage is 243V
+                    !lambda return {0x02,0x04,0xA0,0x43,0x73,0x19,0x9A,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+                    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+                    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+                    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3F,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+                    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+                    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+                    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00};
+                - delay: 120ms # Simulate some delay for UART buffer to fill before next part of response (1ms = 1 byte at 9600 baud)
+                - uart_mock.inject_rx: # Rest of response (including CRC)
+                    !lambda return{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+                    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x42,0x6F,0xCC,0xCD,0x43,0x7C,0xB8,0x10,0x3D,0x38,0x51,0xEC,
+                    0x43,0x81,0x1B,0xE7,0x3B,0x03,0x12,0x6F,0x50,0x1B};
+
+modbus:
+  uart_id: virtual_uart_dev
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: sdm_meter
+    address: 2
+    phase_a:
+      voltage:
+        name: sdm_voltage
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_modbus.py b/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_modbus.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..309cb56dc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_modbus.py
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+"""Integration test for modbus component with virtual UART.
+
+Tests:
+test_uart_mock_modbus :
+  1. Read a single register and parse successfully (basic_register)
+  2. Read multiple registers from SDM meter and parse successfully (sdm_voltage), with some intermediate delay to simulate UART buffer time.
+
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from aioesphomeapi import EntityState, SensorState
+import pytest
+
+from .state_utils import InitialStateHelper, build_key_to_entity_mapping
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_uart_mock_modbus(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test basic modbus data parsing."""
+    # Replace external component path placeholder
+    external_components_path = str(
+        Path(__file__).parent / "fixtures" / "external_components"
+    )
+    yaml_config = yaml_config.replace(
+        "EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH", external_components_path
+    )
+
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+
+    # Track sensor state updates (after initial state is swallowed)
+    sensor_states: dict[str, list[float]] = {
+        "basic_register": [],
+    }
+
+    basic_register_changed = loop.create_future()
+
+    def on_state(state: EntityState) -> None:
+        if isinstance(state, SensorState) and not state.missing_state:
+            sensor_name = key_to_sensor.get(state.key)
+            if sensor_name and sensor_name in sensor_states:
+                sensor_states[sensor_name].append(state.state)
+                if (
+                    sensor_name == "basic_register"
+                    and state.state == 259.0
+                    and not basic_register_changed.done()
+                ):
+                    basic_register_changed.set_result(True)
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        entities, _ = await client.list_entities_services()
+
+        # Build key mappings for all sensor types
+        all_names = list(sensor_states.keys())
+        key_to_sensor = build_key_to_entity_mapping(entities, all_names)
+
+        # Set up initial state helper
+        initial_state_helper = InitialStateHelper(entities)
+        client.subscribe_states(initial_state_helper.on_state_wrapper(on_state))
+
+        try:
+            await initial_state_helper.wait_for_initial_states()
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail("Timeout waiting for initial states")
+
+        # Wait for basic register to be updated with successful parse
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(basic_register_changed, timeout=15.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(
+                f"Timeout waiting for Basic Register change. Received sensor states:\n"
+                f"  basic_register: {sensor_states['basic_register']}\n"
+            )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+@pytest.mark.xfail(
+    reason="There is a bug in UART which will timeout for long responses."
+)
+async def test_uart_mock_modbus_timing(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test basic modbus data parsing."""
+    # Replace external component path placeholder
+    external_components_path = str(
+        Path(__file__).parent / "fixtures" / "external_components"
+    )
+    yaml_config = yaml_config.replace(
+        "EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH", external_components_path
+    )
+
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+
+    # Track sensor state updates (after initial state is swallowed)
+    sensor_states: dict[str, list[float]] = {
+        "sdm_voltage": [],
+    }
+
+    voltage_changed = loop.create_future()
+
+    def on_state(state: EntityState) -> None:
+        if isinstance(state, SensorState) and not state.missing_state:
+            sensor_name = key_to_sensor.get(state.key)
+            if sensor_name and sensor_name in sensor_states:
+                sensor_states[sensor_name].append(state.state)
+                # Check if this is a good voltage reading (243V)
+                if (
+                    sensor_name == "sdm_voltage"
+                    and state.state > 200.0
+                    and not voltage_changed.done()
+                ):
+                    voltage_changed.set_result(True)
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        entities, _ = await client.list_entities_services()
+
+        # Build key mappings for all sensor types
+        all_names = list(sensor_states.keys())
+        key_to_sensor = build_key_to_entity_mapping(entities, all_names)
+
+        # Set up initial state helper
+        initial_state_helper = InitialStateHelper(entities)
+        client.subscribe_states(initial_state_helper.on_state_wrapper(on_state))
+
+        try:
+            await initial_state_helper.wait_for_initial_states()
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail("Timeout waiting for initial states")
+
+        # Wait for voltage to be updated with successful parse
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(voltage_changed, timeout=15.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(
+                f"Timeout waiting for SDM voltage change. Received sensor states:\n"
+                f"  sdm_voltage: {sensor_states['sdm_voltage']}\n"
+            )

From 77a7cbcffd4b8ec1fa3bc77b32f9ef06dc96761d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Copilot <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Mar 2026 11:41:20 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 299/609] Use cached files on network errors in external_files
 (#14055)

Co-authored-by: copilot-swe-agent[bot] <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: jesserockz <3060199+jesserockz@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/external_files.py               | 15 +++++++--
 tests/unit_tests/test_external_files.py | 44 +++++++++++++++++++++++--
 2 files changed, 53 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/external_files.py b/esphome/external_files.py
index 80b54ebb2f..72a3f33fdc 100644
--- a/esphome/external_files.py
+++ b/esphome/external_files.py
@@ -55,10 +55,12 @@ def has_remote_file_changed(url: str, local_file_path: Path) -> bool:
             _LOGGER.debug("has_remote_file_changed: File modified")
             return True
         except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
-            raise cv.Invalid(
-                f"Could not check if {url} has changed, please check if file exists "
-                f"({e})"
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Could not check if %s has changed due to network error (%s), using cached file",
+                url,
+                e,
             )
+            return False
 
     _LOGGER.debug("has_remote_file_changed: File doesn't exists at %s", local_file_path)
     return True
@@ -98,6 +100,13 @@ def download_content(url: str, path: Path, timeout=NETWORK_TIMEOUT) -> bytes:
         )
         req.raise_for_status()
     except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
+        if path.exists():
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Could not download from %s due to network error (%s), using cached file",
+                url,
+                e,
+            )
+            return path.read_bytes()
         raise cv.Invalid(f"Could not download from {url}: {e}")
 
     path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_external_files.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_external_files.py
index 05e0bd3523..a319fae83d 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_external_files.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_external_files.py
@@ -144,16 +144,16 @@ def test_has_remote_file_changed_no_local_file(setup_core: Path) -> None:
 def test_has_remote_file_changed_network_error(
     mock_head: MagicMock, setup_core: Path
 ) -> None:
-    """Test has_remote_file_changed handles network errors gracefully."""
+    """Test has_remote_file_changed returns False on network error when file is cached."""
     test_file = setup_core / "cached.txt"
     test_file.write_text("cached content")
 
     mock_head.side_effect = requests.exceptions.RequestException("Network error")
 
     url = "https://example.com/file.txt"
+    result = external_files.has_remote_file_changed(url, test_file)
 
-    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="Could not check if.*Network error"):
-        external_files.has_remote_file_changed(url, test_file)
+    assert result is False
 
 
 @patch("esphome.external_files.requests.head")
@@ -198,3 +198,41 @@ def test_is_file_recent_handles_float_seconds(setup_core: Path) -> None:
     result = external_files.is_file_recent(test_file, refresh)
 
     assert result is True
+
+
+@patch("esphome.external_files.requests.get")
+@patch("esphome.external_files.has_remote_file_changed")
+def test_download_content_with_network_error_uses_cache(
+    mock_has_changed: MagicMock, mock_get: MagicMock, setup_core: Path
+) -> None:
+    """Test download_content uses cached file when network fails."""
+    test_file = setup_core / "cached.txt"
+    cached_content = b"cached content"
+    test_file.write_bytes(cached_content)
+
+    # Simulate file has changed, so it tries to download
+    mock_has_changed.return_value = True
+    mock_get.side_effect = requests.exceptions.RequestException("Network error")
+
+    url = "https://example.com/file.txt"
+    result = external_files.download_content(url, test_file)
+
+    assert result == cached_content
+
+
+@patch("esphome.external_files.requests.get")
+@patch("esphome.external_files.has_remote_file_changed")
+def test_download_content_with_network_error_no_cache_fails(
+    mock_has_changed: MagicMock, mock_get: MagicMock, setup_core: Path
+) -> None:
+    """Test download_content raises error when network fails and no cache exists."""
+    test_file = setup_core / "nonexistent.txt"
+
+    # Simulate file has changed (doesn't exist), so it tries to download
+    mock_has_changed.return_value = True
+    mock_get.side_effect = requests.exceptions.RequestException("Network error")
+
+    url = "https://example.com/file.txt"
+
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="Could not download from.*Network error"):
+        external_files.download_content(url, test_file)

From 1c5fd8bbd46fca739ec2bf7743f87ea433c98ad6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 2 Mar 2026 06:56:51 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 300/609] [core] Move millis_64 rollover tracking out of
 Scheduler (#14360)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py  |   1 +
 esphome/components/esp8266/core.cpp   |   4 +-
 esphome/components/host/__init__.py   |   1 +
 esphome/components/libretiny/core.cpp |   4 +-
 esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py |   1 +
 esphome/components/zephyr/__init__.py |   1 +
 esphome/core/config.py                |   6 +
 esphome/core/defines.h                |   5 +
 esphome/core/scheduler.cpp            | 182 +---------------------
 esphome/core/scheduler.h              |  47 +-----
 esphome/core/time_64.cpp              | 207 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 esphome/core/time_64.h                |  24 +++
 12 files changed, 257 insertions(+), 226 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 esphome/core/time_64.cpp
 create mode 100644 esphome/core/time_64.h

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
index dd9e394fd2..a14d3af69e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
@@ -1438,6 +1438,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
 
     cg.set_cpp_standard("gnu++20")
     cg.add_build_flag("-DUSE_ESP32")
+    cg.add_define("USE_NATIVE_64BIT_TIME")
     cg.add_build_flag("-Wl,-z,noexecstack")
     cg.add_define("ESPHOME_BOARD", config[CONF_BOARD])
     variant = config[CONF_VARIANT]
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266/core.cpp b/esphome/components/esp8266/core.cpp
index 497e99b61f..7136cf41cb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp8266/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266/core.cpp
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #include "core.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
-#include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/time_64.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "preferences.h"
 #include <Arduino.h>
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ namespace esphome {
 
 void HOT yield() { ::yield(); }
 uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT millis() { return ::millis(); }
-uint64_t millis_64() { return App.scheduler.millis_64_impl_(::millis()); }
+uint64_t millis_64() { return Millis64Impl::compute(::millis()); }
 void HOT delay(uint32_t ms) { ::delay(ms); }
 uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT micros() { return ::micros(); }
 void IRAM_ATTR HOT delayMicroseconds(uint32_t us) { delay_microseconds_safe(us); }
diff --git a/esphome/components/host/__init__.py b/esphome/components/host/__init__.py
index ba05e497c8..8adbfb02ec 100644
--- a/esphome/components/host/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/host/__init__.py
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 async def to_code(config):
     cg.add_build_flag("-DUSE_HOST")
+    cg.add_define("USE_NATIVE_64BIT_TIME")
     cg.add_define("USE_ESPHOME_HOST_MAC_ADDRESS", config[CONF_MAC_ADDRESS].parts)
     cg.add_build_flag("-std=gnu++20")
     cg.add_define("ESPHOME_BOARD", "host")
diff --git a/esphome/components/libretiny/core.cpp b/esphome/components/libretiny/core.cpp
index 6cbc81938d..88952692a7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/libretiny/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/libretiny/core.cpp
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #include "core.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
-#include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/time_64.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "preferences.h"
 
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ namespace esphome {
 
 void HOT yield() { ::yield(); }
 uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT millis() { return ::millis(); }
-uint64_t millis_64() { return App.scheduler.millis_64_impl_(::millis()); }
+uint64_t millis_64() { return Millis64Impl::compute(::millis()); }
 uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT micros() { return ::micros(); }
 void HOT delay(uint32_t ms) { ::delay(ms); }
 void IRAM_ATTR HOT delayMicroseconds(uint32_t us) { ::delayMicroseconds(us); }
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py b/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py
index 23f12e651f..ea269a47c5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py
@@ -169,6 +169,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.add_platformio_option("lib_compat_mode", "strict")
     cg.add_platformio_option("board", config[CONF_BOARD])
     cg.add_build_flag("-DUSE_RP2040")
+    cg.add_define("USE_NATIVE_64BIT_TIME")
     cg.set_cpp_standard("gnu++20")
     cg.add_define("ESPHOME_BOARD", config[CONF_BOARD])
     cg.add_define("ESPHOME_VARIANT", "RP2040")
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr/__init__.py b/esphome/components/zephyr/__init__.py
index 43d5cebebb..4cc71bddca 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zephyr/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr/__init__.py
@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@ def add_extra_script(stage: str, filename: str, path: Path) -> None:
 
 def zephyr_to_code(config):
     cg.add_build_flag("-DUSE_ZEPHYR")
+    cg.add_define("USE_NATIVE_64BIT_TIME")
     cg.set_cpp_standard("gnu++20")
     # build is done by west so bypass board checking in platformio
     cg.add_platformio_option("boards_dir", CORE.relative_build_path("boards"))
diff --git a/esphome/core/config.py b/esphome/core/config.py
index 215432835a..593b402230 100644
--- a/esphome/core/config.py
+++ b/esphome/core/config.py
@@ -650,6 +650,12 @@ FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
             PlatformFramework.ESP32_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
         },
+        "time_64.cpp": {
+            PlatformFramework.ESP8266_ARDUINO,
+            PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO,
+            PlatformFramework.RTL87XX_ARDUINO,
+            PlatformFramework.LN882X_ARDUINO,
+        },
         # Note: lock_free_queue.h and event_pool.h are header files and don't need to be filtered
         # as they are only included when needed by the preprocessor
     }
diff --git a/esphome/core/defines.h b/esphome/core/defines.h
index 181425c162..1f2597dd98 100644
--- a/esphome/core/defines.h
+++ b/esphome/core/defines.h
@@ -178,6 +178,11 @@
 #define USE_I2S_LEGACY
 #endif
 
+// Platforms with native 64-bit time sources (no rollover tracking needed)
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_HOST) || defined(USE_ZEPHYR) || defined(USE_RP2040)
+#define USE_NATIVE_64BIT_TIME
+#endif
+
 // ESP32-specific feature flags
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 #define USE_MQTT_IDF_ENQUEUE
diff --git a/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp b/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
index 2c10e7e2da..ca560e8250 100644
--- a/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cinttypes>
 #include <cstring>
-#include <limits>
 
 namespace esphome {
 
@@ -28,10 +27,6 @@ static constexpr size_t MAX_POOL_SIZE = 5;
 // Set to 5 to match the pool size - when we have as many cancelled items as our
 // pool can hold, it's time to clean up and recycle them.
 static constexpr uint32_t MAX_LOGICALLY_DELETED_ITEMS = 5;
-#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_HOST) && !defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && !defined(USE_RP2040)
-// Half the 32-bit range - used to detect rollovers vs normal time progression
-static constexpr uint32_t HALF_MAX_UINT32 = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max() / 2;
-#endif
 // max delay to start an interval sequence
 static constexpr uint32_t MAX_INTERVAL_DELAY = 5000;
 
@@ -152,9 +147,6 @@ void HOT Scheduler::set_timer_common_(Component *component, SchedulerItem::Type
     return;
   }
 
-  // Get fresh 64-bit timestamp BEFORE taking lock
-  const uint64_t now_64 = millis_64();
-
   // Take lock early to protect scheduler_item_pool_ access
   LockGuard guard{this->lock_};
 
@@ -181,6 +173,9 @@ void HOT Scheduler::set_timer_common_(Component *component, SchedulerItem::Type
   } else
 #endif /* not ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE */
   {
+    // Only non-defer items need a timestamp for scheduling
+    const uint64_t now_64 = millis_64();
+
     // Type-specific setup
     if (type == SchedulerItem::INTERVAL) {
       item->interval = delay;
@@ -475,19 +470,8 @@ void HOT Scheduler::call(uint32_t now) {
   if (now_64 - last_print > 2000) {
     last_print = now_64;
     std::vector<SchedulerItemPtr> old_items;
-#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_HOST) && !defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && !defined(USE_RP2040) && \
-    defined(ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS)
-    const auto last_dbg = this->last_millis_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
-    const auto major_dbg = this->millis_major_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Items: count=%zu, pool=%zu, now=%" PRIu64 " (%" PRIu16 ", %" PRIu32 ")", this->items_.size(),
-             this->scheduler_item_pool_.size(), now_64, major_dbg, last_dbg);
-#elif !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_HOST) && !defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && !defined(USE_RP2040)
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Items: count=%zu, pool=%zu, now=%" PRIu64 " (%" PRIu16 ", %" PRIu32 ")", this->items_.size(),
-             this->scheduler_item_pool_.size(), now_64, this->millis_major_, this->last_millis_);
-#else
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Items: count=%zu, pool=%zu, now=%" PRIu64, this->items_.size(), this->scheduler_item_pool_.size(),
              now_64);
-#endif
     // Cleanup before debug output
     this->cleanup_();
     while (!this->items_.empty()) {
@@ -715,166 +699,6 @@ bool HOT Scheduler::cancel_item_locked_(Component *component, NameType name_type
   return total_cancelled > 0;
 }
 
-#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_HOST) && !defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && !defined(USE_RP2040)
-uint64_t Scheduler::millis_64_impl_(uint32_t now) {
-  // THREAD SAFETY NOTE:
-  // This function has three implementations, based on the precompiler flags
-  // - ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE - Runs on single-threaded platforms (ESP8266, RP2040, etc.)
-  // - ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_NO_ATOMICS - Runs on multi-threaded platforms without atomics (LibreTiny BK72xx)
-  // - ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS - Runs on multi-threaded platforms with atomics (ESP32, HOST, LibreTiny
-  // RTL87xx/LN882x, etc.)
-  //
-  // Make sure all changes are synchronized if you edit this function.
-  //
-  // IMPORTANT: Always pass fresh millis() values to this function. The implementation
-  // handles out-of-order timestamps between threads, but minimizing time differences
-  // helps maintain accuracy.
-  //
-
-#ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE
-  // This is the single core implementation.
-  //
-  // Single-core platforms have no concurrency, so this is a simple implementation
-  // that just tracks 32-bit rollover (every 49.7 days) without any locking or atomics.
-
-  uint16_t major = this->millis_major_;
-  uint32_t last = this->last_millis_;
-
-  // Check for rollover
-  if (now < last && (last - now) > HALF_MAX_UINT32) {
-    this->millis_major_++;
-    major++;
-    this->last_millis_ = now;
-#ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Detected true 32-bit rollover at %" PRIu32 "ms (was %" PRIu32 ")", now, last);
-#endif /* ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER */
-  } else if (now > last) {
-    // Only update if time moved forward
-    this->last_millis_ = now;
-  }
-
-  // Combine major (high 32 bits) and now (low 32 bits) into 64-bit time
-  return now + (static_cast<uint64_t>(major) << 32);
-
-#elif defined(ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_NO_ATOMICS)
-  // This is the multi core no atomics implementation.
-  //
-  // Without atomics, this implementation uses locks more aggressively:
-  // 1. Always locks when near the rollover boundary (within 10 seconds)
-  // 2. Always locks when detecting a large backwards jump
-  // 3. Updates without lock in normal forward progression (accepting minor races)
-  // This is less efficient but necessary without atomic operations.
-  uint16_t major = this->millis_major_;
-  uint32_t last = this->last_millis_;
-
-  // Define a safe window around the rollover point (10 seconds)
-  // This covers any reasonable scheduler delays or thread preemption
-  static constexpr uint32_t ROLLOVER_WINDOW = 10000;  // 10 seconds in milliseconds
-
-  // Check if we're near the rollover boundary (close to std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max() or just past 0)
-  bool near_rollover = (last > (std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max() - ROLLOVER_WINDOW)) || (now < ROLLOVER_WINDOW);
-
-  if (near_rollover || (now < last && (last - now) > HALF_MAX_UINT32)) {
-    // Near rollover or detected a rollover - need lock for safety
-    LockGuard guard{this->lock_};
-    // Re-read with lock held
-    last = this->last_millis_;
-
-    if (now < last && (last - now) > HALF_MAX_UINT32) {
-      // True rollover detected (happens every ~49.7 days)
-      this->millis_major_++;
-      major++;
-#ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Detected true 32-bit rollover at %" PRIu32 "ms (was %" PRIu32 ")", now, last);
-#endif /* ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER */
-    }
-    // Update last_millis_ while holding lock
-    this->last_millis_ = now;
-  } else if (now > last) {
-    // Normal case: Not near rollover and time moved forward
-    // Update without lock. While this may cause minor races (microseconds of
-    // backwards time movement), they're acceptable because:
-    // 1. The scheduler operates at millisecond resolution, not microsecond
-    // 2. We've already prevented the critical rollover race condition
-    // 3. Any backwards movement is orders of magnitude smaller than scheduler delays
-    this->last_millis_ = now;
-  }
-  // If now <= last and we're not near rollover, don't update
-  // This minimizes backwards time movement
-
-  // Combine major (high 32 bits) and now (low 32 bits) into 64-bit time
-  return now + (static_cast<uint64_t>(major) << 32);
-
-#elif defined(ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS)
-  // This is the multi core with atomics implementation.
-  //
-  // Uses atomic operations with acquire/release semantics to ensure coherent
-  // reads of millis_major_ and last_millis_ across cores. Features:
-  // 1. Epoch-coherency retry loop to handle concurrent updates
-  // 2. Lock only taken for actual rollover detection and update
-  // 3. Lock-free CAS updates for normal forward time progression
-  // 4. Memory ordering ensures cores see consistent time values
-
-  for (;;) {
-    uint16_t major = this->millis_major_.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
-
-    /*
-     * Acquire so that if we later decide **not** to take the lock we still
-     * observe a `millis_major_` value coherent with the loaded `last_millis_`.
-     * The acquire load ensures any later read of `millis_major_` sees its
-     * corresponding increment.
-     */
-    uint32_t last = this->last_millis_.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
-
-    // If we might be near a rollover (large backwards jump), take the lock for the entire operation
-    // This ensures rollover detection and last_millis_ update are atomic together
-    if (now < last && (last - now) > HALF_MAX_UINT32) {
-      // Potential rollover - need lock for atomic rollover detection + update
-      LockGuard guard{this->lock_};
-      // Re-read with lock held; mutex already provides ordering
-      last = this->last_millis_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
-
-      if (now < last && (last - now) > HALF_MAX_UINT32) {
-        // True rollover detected (happens every ~49.7 days)
-        this->millis_major_.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
-        major++;
-#ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Detected true 32-bit rollover at %" PRIu32 "ms (was %" PRIu32 ")", now, last);
-#endif /* ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER */
-      }
-      /*
-       * Update last_millis_ while holding the lock to prevent races
-       * Publish the new low-word *after* bumping `millis_major_` (done above)
-       * so readers never see a mismatched pair.
-       */
-      this->last_millis_.store(now, std::memory_order_release);
-    } else {
-      // Normal case: Try lock-free update, but only allow forward movement within same epoch
-      // This prevents accidentally moving backwards across a rollover boundary
-      while (now > last && (now - last) < HALF_MAX_UINT32) {
-        if (this->last_millis_.compare_exchange_weak(last, now,
-                                                     std::memory_order_release,     // success
-                                                     std::memory_order_relaxed)) {  // failure
-          break;
-        }
-        // CAS failure means no data was published; relaxed is fine
-        // last is automatically updated by compare_exchange_weak if it fails
-      }
-    }
-    uint16_t major_end = this->millis_major_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
-    if (major_end == major)
-      return now + (static_cast<uint64_t>(major) << 32);
-  }
-  // Unreachable - the loop always returns when major_end == major
-  __builtin_unreachable();
-
-#else
-#error \
-    "No platform threading model defined. One of ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE, ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_NO_ATOMICS, or ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS must be defined."
-#endif
-}
-#endif  // !USE_ESP32 && !USE_HOST && !USE_ZEPHYR && !USE_RP2040
-
 bool HOT Scheduler::SchedulerItem::cmp(const SchedulerItemPtr &a, const SchedulerItemPtr &b) {
   // High bits are almost always equal (change only on 32-bit rollover ~49 days)
   // Optimize for common case: check low bits first when high bits are equal
diff --git a/esphome/core/scheduler.h b/esphome/core/scheduler.h
index d52cf5147d..cefbdd1b22 100644
--- a/esphome/core/scheduler.h
+++ b/esphome/core/scheduler.h
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/time_64.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 
@@ -284,23 +285,16 @@ class Scheduler {
   bool cancel_retry_(Component *component, NameType name_type, const char *static_name, uint32_t hash_or_id);
 
   // Extend a 32-bit millis() value to 64-bit. Use when the caller already has a fresh now.
-  // On ESP32, Host, Zephyr, and RP2040, ignores now and uses the native 64-bit time source via millis_64().
+  // On platforms with native 64-bit time, ignores now and uses millis_64() directly.
   // On other platforms, extends now to 64-bit using rollover tracking.
   uint64_t millis_64_from_(uint32_t now) {
-#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_HOST) || defined(USE_ZEPHYR) || defined(USE_RP2040)
+#ifdef USE_NATIVE_64BIT_TIME
     (void) now;
     return millis_64();
 #else
-    return this->millis_64_impl_(now);
+    return Millis64Impl::compute(now);
 #endif
   }
-
-#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_HOST) && !defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && !defined(USE_RP2040)
-  // On platforms without native 64-bit time, millis_64() HAL function delegates to this
-  // method which tracks 32-bit millis() rollover using millis_major_ and last_millis_.
-  friend uint64_t millis_64();
-  uint64_t millis_64_impl_(uint32_t now);
-#endif
   // Cleanup logically deleted items from the scheduler
   // Returns the number of items remaining after cleanup
   // IMPORTANT: This method should only be called from the main thread (loop task).
@@ -566,39 +560,6 @@ class Scheduler {
   //   can stall the entire system, causing timing issues and dropped events for any components that need
   //   to synchronize between tasks (see https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/52)
   std::vector<SchedulerItemPtr> scheduler_item_pool_;
-
-#if !defined(USE_ESP32) && !defined(USE_HOST) && !defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && !defined(USE_RP2040)
-  // On platforms with native 64-bit time (ESP32, Host, Zephyr, RP2040), no rollover tracking needed.
-  // On other platforms, these fields track 32-bit millis() rollover for millis_64_impl_().
-#ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS
-  /*
-   * Multi-threaded platforms with atomic support: last_millis_ needs atomic for lock-free updates
-   *
-   * MEMORY-ORDERING NOTE
-   * --------------------
-   * `last_millis_` and `millis_major_` form a single 64-bit timestamp split in half.
-   * Writers publish `last_millis_` with memory_order_release and readers use
-   * memory_order_acquire. This ensures that once a reader sees the new low word,
-   * it also observes the corresponding increment of `millis_major_`.
-   */
-  std::atomic<uint32_t> last_millis_{0};
-#else  /* not ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS */
-  // Platforms without atomic support or single-threaded platforms
-  uint32_t last_millis_{0};
-#endif /* else ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS */
-
-  /*
-   * Upper 16 bits of the 64-bit millis counter. Incremented only while holding
-   * `lock_`; read concurrently. Atomic (relaxed) avoids a formal data race.
-   * Ordering relative to `last_millis_` is provided by its release store and the
-   * corresponding acquire loads.
-   */
-#ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS
-  std::atomic<uint16_t> millis_major_{0};
-#else  /* not ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS */
-  uint16_t millis_major_{0};
-#endif /* else ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS */
-#endif /* !USE_ESP32 && !USE_HOST && !USE_ZEPHYR && !USE_RP2040 */
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome
diff --git a/esphome/core/time_64.cpp b/esphome/core/time_64.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..db5df25eb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/core/time_64.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#ifndef USE_NATIVE_64BIT_TIME
+
+#include "time_64.h"
+
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include <cinttypes>
+#endif
+#ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS
+#include <atomic>
+#endif
+#include <limits>
+
+namespace esphome {
+
+#ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER
+static const char *const TAG = "time_64";
+#endif
+
+uint64_t Millis64Impl::compute(uint32_t now) {
+  // Half the 32-bit range - used to detect rollovers vs normal time progression
+  static constexpr uint32_t HALF_MAX_UINT32 = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max() / 2;
+
+  // State variables for rollover tracking - static to persist across calls
+#ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS
+  // Mutex for rollover serialization (taken only every ~49.7 days).
+  // A spinlock would be smaller (~1 byte vs ~80-100 bytes) but is unsafe on
+  // preemptive single-core RTOS platforms due to priority inversion: a high-priority
+  // task spinning would prevent the lock holder from running to release it.
+  static Mutex lock;
+  /*
+   * Multi-threaded platforms with atomic support: last_millis needs atomic for lock-free updates.
+   * Writers publish last_millis with memory_order_release and readers use memory_order_acquire.
+   * This ensures that once a reader sees the new low word, it also observes the corresponding
+   * increment of millis_major.
+   */
+  static std::atomic<uint32_t> last_millis{0};
+  /*
+   * Upper 16 bits of the 64-bit millis counter. Incremented only while holding lock;
+   * read concurrently. Atomic (relaxed) avoids a formal data race. Ordering relative
+   * to last_millis is provided by its release store and the corresponding acquire loads.
+   */
+  static std::atomic<uint16_t> millis_major{0};
+#elif !defined(ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE) /* ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_NO_ATOMICS */
+  static Mutex lock;
+  static uint32_t last_millis{0};
+  static uint16_t millis_major{0};
+#else                                 /* ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE */
+  static uint32_t last_millis{0};
+  static uint16_t millis_major{0};
+#endif
+
+  // THREAD SAFETY NOTE:
+  // This function has three implementations, based on the precompiler flags
+  // - ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE - Runs on single-threaded platforms (ESP8266, etc.)
+  // - ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_NO_ATOMICS - Runs on multi-threaded platforms without atomics (LibreTiny BK72xx)
+  // - ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS - Runs on multi-threaded platforms with atomics (LibreTiny RTL87xx/LN882x, etc.)
+  //
+  // Make sure all changes are synchronized if you edit this function.
+  //
+  // IMPORTANT: Always pass fresh millis() values to this function. The implementation
+  // handles out-of-order timestamps between threads, but minimizing time differences
+  // helps maintain accuracy.
+
+#ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE
+  // Single-core platforms have no concurrency, so this is a simple implementation
+  // that just tracks 32-bit rollover (every 49.7 days) without any locking or atomics.
+
+  uint16_t major = millis_major;
+  uint32_t last = last_millis;
+
+  // Check for rollover
+  if (now < last && (last - now) > HALF_MAX_UINT32) {
+    millis_major++;
+    major++;
+    last_millis = now;
+#ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Detected true 32-bit rollover at %" PRIu32 "ms (was %" PRIu32 ")", now, last);
+#endif /* ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER */
+  } else if (now > last) {
+    // Only update if time moved forward
+    last_millis = now;
+  }
+
+  // Combine major (high 32 bits) and now (low 32 bits) into 64-bit time
+  return now + (static_cast<uint64_t>(major) << 32);
+
+#elif defined(ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_NO_ATOMICS)
+  // Without atomics, this implementation uses locks more aggressively:
+  // 1. Always locks when near the rollover boundary (within 10 seconds)
+  // 2. Always locks when detecting a large backwards jump
+  // 3. Updates without lock in normal forward progression (accepting minor races)
+  // This is less efficient but necessary without atomic operations.
+  uint16_t major = millis_major;
+  uint32_t last = last_millis;
+
+  // Define a safe window around the rollover point (10 seconds)
+  // This covers any reasonable scheduler delays or thread preemption
+  static constexpr uint32_t ROLLOVER_WINDOW = 10000;  // 10 seconds in milliseconds
+
+  // Check if we're near the rollover boundary (close to std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max() or just past 0)
+  bool near_rollover = (last > (std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max() - ROLLOVER_WINDOW)) || (now < ROLLOVER_WINDOW);
+
+  if (near_rollover || (now < last && (last - now) > HALF_MAX_UINT32)) {
+    // Near rollover or detected a rollover - need lock for safety
+    LockGuard guard{lock};
+    // Re-read with lock held
+    last = last_millis;
+
+    if (now < last && (last - now) > HALF_MAX_UINT32) {
+      // True rollover detected (happens every ~49.7 days)
+      millis_major++;
+      major++;
+#ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Detected true 32-bit rollover at %" PRIu32 "ms (was %" PRIu32 ")", now, last);
+#endif /* ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER */
+    }
+    // Update last_millis while holding lock
+    last_millis = now;
+  } else if (now > last) {
+    // Normal case: Not near rollover and time moved forward
+    // Update without lock. While this may cause minor races (microseconds of
+    // backwards time movement), they're acceptable because:
+    // 1. The scheduler operates at millisecond resolution, not microsecond
+    // 2. We've already prevented the critical rollover race condition
+    // 3. Any backwards movement is orders of magnitude smaller than scheduler delays
+    last_millis = now;
+  }
+  // If now <= last and we're not near rollover, don't update
+  // This minimizes backwards time movement
+
+  // Combine major (high 32 bits) and now (low 32 bits) into 64-bit time
+  return now + (static_cast<uint64_t>(major) << 32);
+
+#elif defined(ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS)
+  // Uses atomic operations with acquire/release semantics to ensure coherent
+  // reads of millis_major and last_millis across cores. Features:
+  // 1. Epoch-coherency retry loop to handle concurrent updates
+  // 2. Lock only taken for actual rollover detection and update
+  // 3. Lock-free CAS updates for normal forward time progression
+  // 4. Memory ordering ensures cores see consistent time values
+
+  for (;;) {
+    uint16_t major = millis_major.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
+
+    /*
+     * Acquire so that if we later decide **not** to take the lock we still
+     * observe a millis_major value coherent with the loaded last_millis.
+     * The acquire load ensures any later read of millis_major sees its
+     * corresponding increment.
+     */
+    uint32_t last = last_millis.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
+
+    // If we might be near a rollover (large backwards jump), take the lock
+    // This ensures rollover detection and last_millis update are atomic together
+    if (now < last && (last - now) > HALF_MAX_UINT32) {
+      // Potential rollover - need lock for atomic rollover detection + update
+      LockGuard guard{lock};
+      // Re-read with lock held; mutex already provides ordering
+      last = last_millis.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+
+      if (now < last && (last - now) > HALF_MAX_UINT32) {
+        // True rollover detected (happens every ~49.7 days)
+        millis_major.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+        major++;
+#ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Detected true 32-bit rollover at %" PRIu32 "ms (was %" PRIu32 ")", now, last);
+#endif /* ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER */
+      }
+      /*
+       * Update last_millis while holding the lock to prevent races.
+       * Publish the new low-word *after* bumping millis_major (done above)
+       * so readers never see a mismatched pair.
+       */
+      last_millis.store(now, std::memory_order_release);
+    } else {
+      // Normal case: Try lock-free update, but only allow forward movement within same epoch
+      // This prevents accidentally moving backwards across a rollover boundary
+      while (now > last && (now - last) < HALF_MAX_UINT32) {
+        if (last_millis.compare_exchange_weak(last, now,
+                                              std::memory_order_release,     // success
+                                              std::memory_order_relaxed)) {  // failure
+          break;
+        }
+        // CAS failure means no data was published; relaxed is fine
+        // last is automatically updated by compare_exchange_weak if it fails
+      }
+    }
+    uint16_t major_end = millis_major.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    if (major_end == major)
+      return now + (static_cast<uint64_t>(major) << 32);
+  }
+  // Unreachable - the loop always returns when major_end == major
+  __builtin_unreachable();
+
+#else
+#error \
+    "No platform threading model defined. One of ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE, ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_NO_ATOMICS, or ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS must be defined."
+#endif
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome
+
+#endif  // !USE_NATIVE_64BIT_TIME
diff --git a/esphome/core/time_64.h b/esphome/core/time_64.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..42d4b041e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/core/time_64.h
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#ifndef USE_NATIVE_64BIT_TIME
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace esphome {
+
+class Scheduler;
+
+/// Extends 32-bit millis() to 64-bit using rollover tracking.
+/// Access restricted to platform HAL (millis_64()) and Scheduler.
+/// All other code should call millis_64() from hal.h instead.
+class Millis64Impl {
+  friend uint64_t millis_64();
+  friend class Scheduler;
+
+  static uint64_t compute(uint32_t now);
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome
+
+#endif  // !USE_NATIVE_64BIT_TIME

From 82da4935b603624bf90a1429309e3d23d749bd46 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 2 Mar 2026 06:57:08 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 301/609] [core] Auto-wrap static strings in PROGMEM on ESP8266
 via TemplatableValue (#13885)

---
 esphome/codegen.py                            |  1 +
 esphome/components/api/__init__.py            | 34 +++++---
 .../components/api/homeassistant_service.h    | 46 ++++++++++-
 esphome/core/automation.h                     | 56 +++++++++++--
 esphome/cpp_generator.py                      | 26 +++++++
 tests/unit_tests/test_cpp_generator.py        | 78 +++++++++++++++++++
 6 files changed, 223 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/codegen.py b/esphome/codegen.py
index c5283f4967..30e3135360 100644
--- a/esphome/codegen.py
+++ b/esphome/codegen.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 from esphome.cpp_generator import (  # noqa: F401
     ArrayInitializer,
     Expression,
+    FlashStringLiteral,
     LineComment,
     LogStringLiteral,
     MockObj,
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/__init__.py b/esphome/components/api/__init__.py
index d7b6bec357..dd99862cc2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/api/__init__.py
@@ -535,24 +535,31 @@ async def homeassistant_service_to_code(
     cg.add_define("USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES")
     serv = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, serv, False)
-    templ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_ACTION], args, None)
+    templ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_ACTION], args, cg.std_string)
     cg.add(var.set_service(templ))
 
     # Initialize FixedVectors with exact sizes from config
     cg.add(var.init_data(len(config[CONF_DATA])))
     for key, value in config[CONF_DATA].items():
+        # output_type=None because lambdas can return non-string types (int,
+        # float, char*) that TemplatableStringValue converts via to_string.
+        # Static strings are manually wrapped for PROGMEM on ESP8266.
         templ = await cg.templatable(value, args, None)
-        cg.add(var.add_data(key, templ))
+        if isinstance(templ, str):
+            templ = cg.FlashStringLiteral(templ)
+        cg.add(var.add_data(cg.FlashStringLiteral(key), templ))
 
     cg.add(var.init_data_template(len(config[CONF_DATA_TEMPLATE])))
     for key, value in config[CONF_DATA_TEMPLATE].items():
         templ = await cg.templatable(value, args, None)
-        cg.add(var.add_data_template(key, templ))
+        if isinstance(templ, str):
+            templ = cg.FlashStringLiteral(templ)
+        cg.add(var.add_data_template(cg.FlashStringLiteral(key), templ))
 
     cg.add(var.init_variables(len(config[CONF_VARIABLES])))
     for key, value in config[CONF_VARIABLES].items():
         templ = await cg.templatable(value, args, None)
-        cg.add(var.add_variable(key, templ))
+        cg.add(var.add_variable(cg.FlashStringLiteral(key), templ))
 
     if on_error := config.get(CONF_ON_ERROR):
         cg.add_define("USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES")
@@ -621,24 +628,31 @@ async def homeassistant_event_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     cg.add_define("USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES")
     serv = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, serv, True)
-    templ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_EVENT], args, None)
+    templ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_EVENT], args, cg.std_string)
     cg.add(var.set_service(templ))
 
     # Initialize FixedVectors with exact sizes from config
     cg.add(var.init_data(len(config[CONF_DATA])))
     for key, value in config[CONF_DATA].items():
+        # output_type=None because lambdas can return non-string types (int,
+        # float, char*) that TemplatableStringValue converts via to_string.
+        # Static strings are manually wrapped for PROGMEM on ESP8266.
         templ = await cg.templatable(value, args, None)
-        cg.add(var.add_data(key, templ))
+        if isinstance(templ, str):
+            templ = cg.FlashStringLiteral(templ)
+        cg.add(var.add_data(cg.FlashStringLiteral(key), templ))
 
     cg.add(var.init_data_template(len(config[CONF_DATA_TEMPLATE])))
     for key, value in config[CONF_DATA_TEMPLATE].items():
         templ = await cg.templatable(value, args, None)
-        cg.add(var.add_data_template(key, templ))
+        if isinstance(templ, str):
+            templ = cg.FlashStringLiteral(templ)
+        cg.add(var.add_data_template(cg.FlashStringLiteral(key), templ))
 
     cg.add(var.init_variables(len(config[CONF_VARIABLES])))
     for key, value in config[CONF_VARIABLES].items():
         templ = await cg.templatable(value, args, None)
-        cg.add(var.add_variable(key, templ))
+        cg.add(var.add_variable(cg.FlashStringLiteral(key), templ))
 
     return var
 
@@ -662,11 +676,11 @@ async def homeassistant_tag_scanned_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, arg
     cg.add_define("USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES")
     serv = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, serv, True)
-    cg.add(var.set_service("esphome.tag_scanned"))
+    cg.add(var.set_service(cg.FlashStringLiteral("esphome.tag_scanned")))
     # Initialize FixedVector with exact size (1 data field)
     cg.add(var.init_data(1))
     templ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_TAG], args, cg.std_string)
-    cg.add(var.add_data("tag_id", templ))
+    cg.add(var.add_data(cg.FlashStringLiteral("tag_id"), templ))
     return var
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/homeassistant_service.h b/esphome/components/api/homeassistant_service.h
index 340699e1a6..9d14061d07 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/homeassistant_service.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/homeassistant_service.h
@@ -130,6 +130,20 @@ template<typename... Ts> class HomeAssistantServiceCallAction : public Action<Ts
     this->add_kv_(this->variables_, key, std::forward<V>(value));
   }
 
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+  // On ESP8266, ESPHOME_F() returns __FlashStringHelper* (PROGMEM pointer).
+  // Store as const char* — populate_service_map copies from PROGMEM at play() time.
+  template<typename V> void add_data(const __FlashStringHelper *key, V &&value) {
+    this->add_kv_(this->data_, reinterpret_cast<const char *>(key), std::forward<V>(value));
+  }
+  template<typename V> void add_data_template(const __FlashStringHelper *key, V &&value) {
+    this->add_kv_(this->data_template_, reinterpret_cast<const char *>(key), std::forward<V>(value));
+  }
+  template<typename V> void add_variable(const __FlashStringHelper *key, V &&value) {
+    this->add_kv_(this->variables_, reinterpret_cast<const char *>(key), std::forward<V>(value));
+  }
+#endif
+
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES
   template<typename T> void set_response_template(T response_template) {
     this->response_template_ = response_template;
@@ -221,7 +235,32 @@ template<typename... Ts> class HomeAssistantServiceCallAction : public Action<Ts
                                    Ts... x) {
     dest.init(source.size());
 
-    // Count non-static strings to allocate exact storage needed
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+    // On ESP8266, all static strings from codegen are FLASH_STRING (PROGMEM),
+    // so is_static_string() is always false — the zero-copy STATIC_STRING fast
+    // path from the non-ESP8266 branch cannot trigger. We copy all keys and
+    // values unconditionally: keys via _P functions (may be in PROGMEM), values
+    // via value() which handles FLASH_STRING internally.
+    value_storage.init(source.size() * 2);
+
+    for (auto &it : source) {
+      auto &kv = dest.emplace_back();
+
+      // Key: copy from possible PROGMEM
+      {
+        size_t key_len = strlen_P(it.key);
+        value_storage.push_back(std::string(key_len, '\0'));
+        memcpy_P(value_storage.back().data(), it.key, key_len);
+        kv.key = StringRef(value_storage.back());
+      }
+
+      // Value: value() handles FLASH_STRING via _P functions internally
+      value_storage.push_back(it.value.value(x...));
+      kv.value = StringRef(value_storage.back());
+    }
+#else
+    // On non-ESP8266, strings are directly readable from flash-mapped memory.
+    // Count non-static strings to allocate exact storage needed.
     size_t lambda_count = 0;
     for (const auto &it : source) {
       if (!it.value.is_static_string()) {
@@ -235,14 +274,15 @@ template<typename... Ts> class HomeAssistantServiceCallAction : public Action<Ts
       kv.key = StringRef(it.key);
 
       if (it.value.is_static_string()) {
-        // Static string from YAML - zero allocation
+        // Static string — pointer directly readable, zero allocation
         kv.value = StringRef(it.value.get_static_string());
       } else {
-        // Lambda evaluation - store result, reference it
+        // Lambda — evaluate and store result
         value_storage.push_back(it.value.value(x...));
         kv.value = StringRef(value_storage.back());
       }
     }
+#endif
   }
 
   APIServer *parent_;
diff --git a/esphome/core/automation.h b/esphome/core/automation.h
index 31a2fc06f4..7934fdbec9 100644
--- a/esphome/core/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/core/automation.h
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/preferences.h"
+#include "esphome/core/progmem.h"
 #include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
 #include <concepts>
 #include <functional>
@@ -56,6 +57,16 @@ template<typename T, typename... X> class TemplatableValue {
     this->static_str_ = str;
   }
 
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+  // On ESP8266, __FlashStringHelper* is a distinct type from const char*.
+  // ESPHOME_F(s) expands to F(s) which returns __FlashStringHelper* pointing to PROGMEM.
+  // Store as FLASH_STRING — value()/is_empty()/ref_or_copy_to() use _P functions
+  // to access the PROGMEM pointer safely.
+  TemplatableValue(const __FlashStringHelper *str) requires std::same_as<T, std::string> : type_(FLASH_STRING) {
+    this->static_str_ = reinterpret_cast<const char *>(str);
+  }
+#endif
+
   template<typename F> TemplatableValue(F value) requires(!std::invocable<F, X...>) : type_(VALUE) {
     if constexpr (USE_HEAP_STORAGE) {
       this->value_ = new T(std::move(value));
@@ -89,7 +100,7 @@ template<typename T, typename... X> class TemplatableValue {
       this->f_ = new std::function<T(X...)>(*other.f_);
     } else if (this->type_ == STATELESS_LAMBDA) {
       this->stateless_f_ = other.stateless_f_;
-    } else if (this->type_ == STATIC_STRING) {
+    } else if (this->type_ == STATIC_STRING || this->type_ == FLASH_STRING) {
       this->static_str_ = other.static_str_;
     }
   }
@@ -108,7 +119,7 @@ template<typename T, typename... X> class TemplatableValue {
       other.f_ = nullptr;
     } else if (this->type_ == STATELESS_LAMBDA) {
       this->stateless_f_ = other.stateless_f_;
-    } else if (this->type_ == STATIC_STRING) {
+    } else if (this->type_ == STATIC_STRING || this->type_ == FLASH_STRING) {
       this->static_str_ = other.static_str_;
     }
     other.type_ = NONE;
@@ -141,7 +152,7 @@ template<typename T, typename... X> class TemplatableValue {
     } else if (this->type_ == LAMBDA) {
       delete this->f_;
     }
-    // STATELESS_LAMBDA/STATIC_STRING/NONE: no cleanup needed (pointers, not heap-allocated)
+    // STATELESS_LAMBDA/STATIC_STRING/FLASH_STRING/NONE: no cleanup needed (pointers, not heap-allocated)
   }
 
   bool has_value() const { return this->type_ != NONE; }
@@ -165,6 +176,17 @@ template<typename T, typename... X> class TemplatableValue {
           return std::string(this->static_str_);
         }
         __builtin_unreachable();
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+      case FLASH_STRING:
+        // PROGMEM pointer — must use _P functions to access on ESP8266
+        if constexpr (std::same_as<T, std::string>) {
+          size_t len = strlen_P(this->static_str_);
+          std::string result(len, '\0');
+          memcpy_P(result.data(), this->static_str_, len);
+          return result;
+        }
+        __builtin_unreachable();
+#endif
       case NONE:
       default:
         return T{};
@@ -186,9 +208,12 @@ template<typename T, typename... X> class TemplatableValue {
   }
 
   /// Check if this holds a static string (const char* stored without allocation)
+  /// The pointer is always directly readable (RAM or flash-mapped).
+  /// Returns false for FLASH_STRING (PROGMEM on ESP8266, requires _P functions).
   bool is_static_string() const { return this->type_ == STATIC_STRING; }
 
   /// Get the static string pointer (only valid if is_static_string() returns true)
+  /// The pointer is always directly readable — FLASH_STRING uses a separate type.
   const char *get_static_string() const { return this->static_str_; }
 
   /// Check if the string value is empty without allocating (for std::string specialization).
@@ -200,6 +225,12 @@ template<typename T, typename... X> class TemplatableValue {
         return true;
       case STATIC_STRING:
         return this->static_str_ == nullptr || this->static_str_[0] == '\0';
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+      case FLASH_STRING:
+        // PROGMEM pointer — must use progmem_read_byte on ESP8266
+        return this->static_str_ == nullptr ||
+               progmem_read_byte(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(this->static_str_)) == '\0';
+#endif
       case VALUE:
         return this->value_->empty();
       default:  // LAMBDA/STATELESS_LAMBDA - must call value()
@@ -209,8 +240,9 @@ template<typename T, typename... X> class TemplatableValue {
 
   /// Get a StringRef to the string value without heap allocation when possible.
   /// For STATIC_STRING/VALUE, returns reference to existing data (no allocation).
+  /// For FLASH_STRING (ESP8266 PROGMEM), copies to provided buffer via _P functions.
   /// For LAMBDA/STATELESS_LAMBDA, calls value(), copies to provided buffer, returns ref to buffer.
-  /// @param lambda_buf Buffer used only for lambda case (must remain valid while StringRef is used).
+  /// @param lambda_buf Buffer used only for copy cases (must remain valid while StringRef is used).
   /// @param lambda_buf_size Size of the buffer.
   /// @return StringRef pointing to the string data.
   StringRef ref_or_copy_to(char *lambda_buf, size_t lambda_buf_size) const requires std::same_as<T, std::string> {
@@ -221,6 +253,19 @@ template<typename T, typename... X> class TemplatableValue {
         if (this->static_str_ == nullptr)
           return StringRef();
         return StringRef(this->static_str_, strlen(this->static_str_));
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+      case FLASH_STRING:
+        if (this->static_str_ == nullptr)
+          return StringRef();
+        {
+          // PROGMEM pointer — copy to buffer via _P functions
+          size_t len = strlen_P(this->static_str_);
+          size_t copy_len = std::min(len, lambda_buf_size - 1);
+          memcpy_P(lambda_buf, this->static_str_, copy_len);
+          lambda_buf[copy_len] = '\0';
+          return StringRef(lambda_buf, copy_len);
+        }
+#endif
       case VALUE:
         return StringRef(this->value_->data(), this->value_->size());
       default: {  // LAMBDA/STATELESS_LAMBDA - must call value() and copy
@@ -239,6 +284,7 @@ template<typename T, typename... X> class TemplatableValue {
    LAMBDA,
    STATELESS_LAMBDA,
    STATIC_STRING,  // For const char* when T is std::string - avoids heap allocation
+   FLASH_STRING,   // PROGMEM pointer on ESP8266; never set on other platforms
  } type_;
   // For std::string, use heap pointer to minimize union size (4 bytes vs 12+).
   // For other types, store value inline as before.
@@ -247,7 +293,7 @@ template<typename T, typename... X> class TemplatableValue {
     ValueStorage value_;  // T for inline storage, T* for heap storage
     std::function<T(X...)> *f_;
     T (*stateless_f_)(X...);
-    const char *static_str_;  // For STATIC_STRING type
+    const char *static_str_;  // For STATIC_STRING and FLASH_STRING types
   };
 };
 
diff --git a/esphome/cpp_generator.py b/esphome/cpp_generator.py
index fe666bdd6e..5457485d25 100644
--- a/esphome/cpp_generator.py
+++ b/esphome/cpp_generator.py
@@ -247,6 +247,23 @@ class LogStringLiteral(Literal):
         return f"LOG_STR({cpp_string_escape(self.string)})"
 
 
+class FlashStringLiteral(Literal):
+    """A string literal wrapped in ESPHOME_F() for PROGMEM storage on ESP8266.
+
+    On ESP8266, ESPHOME_F(s) expands to F(s) which stores the string in flash (PROGMEM).
+    On other platforms, ESPHOME_F(s) expands to plain s (no-op).
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("string",)
+
+    def __init__(self, string: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.string = string
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"ESPHOME_F({cpp_string_escape(self.string)})"
+
+
 class IntLiteral(Literal):
     __slots__ = ("i",)
 
@@ -761,6 +778,15 @@ async def templatable(
     if is_template(value):
         return await process_lambda(value, args, return_type=output_type)
     if to_exp is None:
+        # Automatically wrap static strings in ESPHOME_F() for PROGMEM storage on ESP8266.
+        # On other platforms ESPHOME_F() is a no-op returning const char*.
+        # Lazy import to avoid circular dependency (cpp_generator <-> cpp_types).
+        # Identity check (is) avoids brittle string comparison.
+        if isinstance(value, str) and output_type is not None:
+            from esphome.cpp_types import std_string
+
+            if output_type is std_string:
+                return FlashStringLiteral(value)
         return value
     if isinstance(to_exp, dict):
         return to_exp[value]
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_cpp_generator.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_cpp_generator.py
index 049d21027f..bdc31cdef8 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_cpp_generator.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_cpp_generator.py
@@ -248,6 +248,12 @@ class TestLiterals:
             (cg.FloatLiteral(4.2), "4.2f"),
             (cg.FloatLiteral(1.23456789), "1.23456789f"),
             (cg.FloatLiteral(math.nan), "NAN"),
+            (cg.FlashStringLiteral("hello"), 'ESPHOME_F("hello")'),
+            (cg.FlashStringLiteral(""), 'ESPHOME_F("")'),
+            (
+                cg.FlashStringLiteral('quote"here'),
+                'ESPHOME_F("quote\\042here")',
+            ),
         ),
     )
     def test_str__simple(self, target: cg.Literal, expected: str):
@@ -624,3 +630,75 @@ class TestProcessLambda:
         # Test invalid tuple format (single element)
         with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
             await cg.process_lambda(lambda_obj, [(int,)])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_templatable__string_with_std_string_returns_flash_literal() -> None:
+    """Static string with std::string output_type returns FlashStringLiteral."""
+    result = await cg.templatable("hello", [], ct.std_string)
+
+    assert isinstance(result, cg.FlashStringLiteral)
+    assert str(result) == 'ESPHOME_F("hello")'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_templatable__empty_string_with_std_string() -> None:
+    """Empty static string with std::string output_type returns FlashStringLiteral."""
+    result = await cg.templatable("", [], ct.std_string)
+
+    assert isinstance(result, cg.FlashStringLiteral)
+    assert str(result) == 'ESPHOME_F("")'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_templatable__string_with_none_output_type() -> None:
+    """Static string with output_type=None returns raw string (no wrapping)."""
+    result = await cg.templatable("hello", [], None)
+
+    assert isinstance(result, str)
+    assert result == "hello"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_templatable__int_with_std_string() -> None:
+    """Non-string value with std::string output_type returns raw value."""
+    result = await cg.templatable(42, [], ct.std_string)
+
+    assert result == 42
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_templatable__string_with_non_string_output_type() -> None:
+    """Static string with non-std::string output_type returns raw string."""
+    result = await cg.templatable("hello", [], ct.bool_)
+
+    assert isinstance(result, str)
+    assert result == "hello"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_templatable__with_to_exp_callable() -> None:
+    """When to_exp is provided, it is applied to non-template values."""
+    result = await cg.templatable(42, [], None, to_exp=lambda x: x * 2)
+
+    assert result == 84
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_templatable__with_to_exp_dict() -> None:
+    """When to_exp is a dict, value is looked up."""
+    mapping: dict[str, int] = {"on": 1, "off": 0}
+    result = await cg.templatable("on", [], None, to_exp=mapping)
+
+    assert result == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_templatable__lambda_with_std_string() -> None:
+    """Lambda value returns LambdaExpression, not FlashStringLiteral."""
+    from esphome.core import Lambda
+
+    lambda_obj = Lambda('return "hello";')
+    result = await cg.templatable(lambda_obj, [], ct.std_string)
+
+    assert isinstance(result, cg.LambdaExpression)

From 00242443e1e67366712840b9fe1b47831d2e9fea Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 2 Mar 2026 06:57:23 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 302/609] [light] Replace powf gamma with pre-computed lookup
 tables (LUT) (#14123)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp             |  1 +
 esphome/components/esp8266/core.cpp           |  3 +
 esphome/components/host/core.cpp              |  1 +
 esphome/components/libretiny/core.cpp         |  1 +
 esphome/components/light/__init__.py          | 40 +++++++++-
 esphome/components/light/addressable_light.h  |  4 +-
 .../light/addressable_light_wrapper.h         |  9 +--
 .../components/light/esp_color_correction.cpp | 36 ++++-----
 .../components/light/esp_color_correction.h   | 45 +++++++----
 esphome/components/light/light_call.cpp       |  5 +-
 esphome/components/light/light_color_values.h | 48 +++++-------
 esphome/components/light/light_state.cpp      | 78 ++++++++++++++++---
 esphome/components/light/light_state.h        | 26 ++++++-
 esphome/components/lvgl/light/lvgl_light.h    |  2 +-
 esphome/components/rgb/rgb_light_output.h     |  2 +-
 esphome/components/rgbw/rgbw_light_output.h   |  2 +-
 esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp            |  1 +
 esphome/components/zephyr/core.cpp            |  1 +
 esphome/core/defines.h                        |  1 +
 esphome/core/hal.h                            |  1 +
 esphome/core/helpers.h                        |  4 +
 21 files changed, 228 insertions(+), 83 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp
index b9ae871abf..59b791da40 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ void arch_init() {
 void HOT arch_feed_wdt() { esp_task_wdt_reset(); }
 
 uint8_t progmem_read_byte(const uint8_t *addr) { return *addr; }
+uint16_t progmem_read_uint16(const uint16_t *addr) { return *addr; }
 uint32_t arch_get_cpu_cycle_count() { return esp_cpu_get_cycle_count(); }
 uint32_t arch_get_cpu_freq_hz() {
   uint32_t freq = 0;
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266/core.cpp b/esphome/components/esp8266/core.cpp
index 7136cf41cb..b665124d66 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp8266/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266/core.cpp
@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@ void HOT arch_feed_wdt() { system_soft_wdt_feed(); }
 uint8_t progmem_read_byte(const uint8_t *addr) {
   return pgm_read_byte(addr);  // NOLINT
 }
+uint16_t progmem_read_uint16(const uint16_t *addr) {
+  return pgm_read_word(addr);  // NOLINT
+}
 uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT arch_get_cpu_cycle_count() { return esp_get_cycle_count(); }
 uint32_t arch_get_cpu_freq_hz() { return F_CPU; }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/host/core.cpp b/esphome/components/host/core.cpp
index 9af85bec58..cb2b2e19d7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/host/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/host/core.cpp
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ void HOT arch_feed_wdt() {
 }
 
 uint8_t progmem_read_byte(const uint8_t *addr) { return *addr; }
+uint16_t progmem_read_uint16(const uint16_t *addr) { return *addr; }
 uint32_t arch_get_cpu_cycle_count() {
   struct timespec spec;
   clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &spec);
diff --git a/esphome/components/libretiny/core.cpp b/esphome/components/libretiny/core.cpp
index 88952692a7..74b33a30a0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/libretiny/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/libretiny/core.cpp
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ void HOT arch_feed_wdt() { lt_wdt_feed(); }
 uint32_t arch_get_cpu_cycle_count() { return lt_cpu_get_cycle_count(); }
 uint32_t arch_get_cpu_freq_hz() { return lt_cpu_get_freq(); }
 uint8_t progmem_read_byte(const uint8_t *addr) { return *addr; }
+uint16_t progmem_read_uint16(const uint16_t *addr) { return *addr; }
 
 }  // namespace esphome
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/__init__.py b/esphome/components/light/__init__.py
index f1089ad64f..40382bbda7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/light/__init__.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 import enum
 
 import esphome.automation as auto
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_WEB_SERVER,
     CONF_WHITE,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, HexInt, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import entity_duplicate_validator, setup_entity
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
 
@@ -66,6 +67,40 @@ from .types import (  # noqa
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 IS_PLATFORM_COMPONENT = True
 
+DOMAIN = "light"
+
+
+@dataclass
+class LightData:
+    gamma_tables: dict = field(default_factory=dict)  # gamma_value -> fwd_arr
+
+
+def _get_data() -> LightData:
+    if DOMAIN not in CORE.data:
+        CORE.data[DOMAIN] = LightData()
+    return CORE.data[DOMAIN]
+
+
+def _get_or_create_gamma_table(gamma_correct):
+    data = _get_data()
+    if gamma_correct in data.gamma_tables:
+        return data.gamma_tables[gamma_correct]
+
+    if gamma_correct > 0:
+        forward = [
+            HexInt(min(65535, int(round((i / 255.0) ** gamma_correct * 65535))))
+            for i in range(256)
+        ]
+    else:
+        forward = [HexInt(int(round(i / 255.0 * 65535))) for i in range(256)]
+
+    gamma_str = f"{gamma_correct}".replace(".", "_")
+    fwd_id = ID(f"gamma_{gamma_str}_fwd", is_declaration=True, type=cg.uint16)
+    fwd_arr = cg.progmem_array(fwd_id, forward)
+    data.gamma_tables[gamma_correct] = fwd_arr
+    return fwd_arr
+
+
 LightRestoreMode = light_ns.enum("LightRestoreMode")
 RESTORE_MODES = {
     "RESTORE_DEFAULT_OFF": LightRestoreMode.LIGHT_RESTORE_DEFAULT_OFF,
@@ -239,6 +274,9 @@ async def setup_light_core_(light_var, output_var, config):
         cg.add(light_var.set_flash_transition_length(flash_transition_length))
     if (gamma_correct := config.get(CONF_GAMMA_CORRECT)) is not None:
         cg.add(light_var.set_gamma_correct(gamma_correct))
+        fwd_arr = _get_or_create_gamma_table(gamma_correct)
+        cg.add(light_var.set_gamma_table(fwd_arr))
+        cg.add_define("USE_LIGHT_GAMMA_LUT")
     effects = await cg.build_registry_list(
         EFFECTS_REGISTRY, config.get(CONF_EFFECTS, [])
     )
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/addressable_light.h b/esphome/components/light/addressable_light.h
index fcaf07f578..17cdb7d6f6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/addressable_light.h
+++ b/esphome/components/light/addressable_light.h
@@ -66,7 +66,9 @@ class AddressableLight : public LightOutput, public Component {
         Color(to_uint8_scale(red), to_uint8_scale(green), to_uint8_scale(blue), to_uint8_scale(white)));
   }
   void setup_state(LightState *state) override {
-    this->correction_.calculate_gamma_table(state->get_gamma_correct());
+#ifdef USE_LIGHT_GAMMA_LUT
+    this->correction_.set_gamma_table(state->get_gamma_table());
+#endif
     this->state_parent_ = state;
   }
   void update_state(LightState *state) override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/addressable_light_wrapper.h b/esphome/components/light/addressable_light_wrapper.h
index cd83482248..cc6aa57905 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/addressable_light_wrapper.h
+++ b/esphome/components/light/addressable_light_wrapper.h
@@ -74,11 +74,10 @@ class AddressableLightWrapper : public light::AddressableLight {
       return;
     }
 
-    float gamma = this->light_state_->get_gamma_correct();
-    float r = gamma_uncorrect(this->wrapper_state_[0] / 255.0f, gamma);
-    float g = gamma_uncorrect(this->wrapper_state_[1] / 255.0f, gamma);
-    float b = gamma_uncorrect(this->wrapper_state_[2] / 255.0f, gamma);
-    float w = gamma_uncorrect(this->wrapper_state_[3] / 255.0f, gamma);
+    float r = this->light_state_->gamma_uncorrect_lut(this->wrapper_state_[0] / 255.0f);
+    float g = this->light_state_->gamma_uncorrect_lut(this->wrapper_state_[1] / 255.0f);
+    float b = this->light_state_->gamma_uncorrect_lut(this->wrapper_state_[2] / 255.0f);
+    float w = this->light_state_->gamma_uncorrect_lut(this->wrapper_state_[3] / 255.0f);
 
     auto call = this->light_state_->make_call();
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/esp_color_correction.cpp b/esphome/components/light/esp_color_correction.cpp
index 1b511a94b2..9d731a2bd5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/esp_color_correction.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/light/esp_color_correction.cpp
@@ -1,25 +1,25 @@
 #include "esp_color_correction.h"
-#include "light_color_values.h"
-#include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome::light {
 
-void ESPColorCorrection::calculate_gamma_table(float gamma) {
-  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
-    // corrected = val ^ gamma
-    auto corrected = to_uint8_scale(gamma_correct(i / 255.0f, gamma));
-    this->gamma_table_[i] = corrected;
-  }
-  if (gamma == 0.0f) {
-    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < 256; i++)
-      this->gamma_reverse_table_[i] = i;
-    return;
-  }
-  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
-    // val = corrected ^ (1/gamma)
-    auto uncorrected = to_uint8_scale(powf(i / 255.0f, 1.0f / gamma));
-    this->gamma_reverse_table_[i] = uncorrected;
-  }
+uint8_t ESPColorCorrection::gamma_correct_(uint8_t value) const {
+  if (this->gamma_table_ == nullptr)
+    return value;
+  return static_cast<uint8_t>((progmem_read_uint16(&this->gamma_table_[value]) + 128) / 257);
+}
+
+uint8_t ESPColorCorrection::gamma_uncorrect_(uint8_t value) const {
+  if (this->gamma_table_ == nullptr)
+    return value;
+  if (value == 0)
+    return 0;
+  uint16_t target = value * 257;  // Scale 0-255 to 0-65535
+  uint8_t lo = gamma_table_reverse_search(this->gamma_table_, target);
+  if (lo >= 255)
+    return 255;
+  uint16_t a = progmem_read_uint16(&this->gamma_table_[lo]);
+  uint16_t b = progmem_read_uint16(&this->gamma_table_[lo + 1]);
+  return (target - a <= b - target) ? lo : lo + 1;
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::light
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/esp_color_correction.h b/esphome/components/light/esp_color_correction.h
index d275e045b7..48ecc46364 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/esp_color_correction.h
+++ b/esphome/components/light/esp_color_correction.h
@@ -1,15 +1,30 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "esphome/core/color.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 
 namespace esphome::light {
 
+/// Binary search a monotonically increasing uint16[256] PROGMEM table.
+/// Returns the largest index where table[index] <= target.
+inline uint8_t gamma_table_reverse_search(const uint16_t *table, uint16_t target) {
+  uint8_t lo = 0, hi = 255;
+  while (lo < hi) {
+    uint8_t mid = (lo + hi + 1) / 2;
+    if (progmem_read_uint16(&table[mid]) <= target) {
+      lo = mid;
+    } else {
+      hi = mid - 1;
+    }
+  }
+  return lo;
+}
+
 class ESPColorCorrection {
  public:
-  ESPColorCorrection() : max_brightness_(255, 255, 255, 255) {}
   void set_max_brightness(const Color &max_brightness) { this->max_brightness_ = max_brightness; }
   void set_local_brightness(uint8_t local_brightness) { this->local_brightness_ = local_brightness; }
-  void calculate_gamma_table(float gamma);
+  void set_gamma_table(const uint16_t *table) { this->gamma_table_ = table; }
   inline Color color_correct(Color color) const ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE {
     // corrected = (uncorrected * max_brightness * local_brightness) ^ gamma
     return Color(this->color_correct_red(color.red), this->color_correct_green(color.green),
@@ -17,19 +32,19 @@ class ESPColorCorrection {
   }
   inline uint8_t color_correct_red(uint8_t red) const ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE {
     uint8_t res = esp_scale8_twice(red, this->max_brightness_.red, this->local_brightness_);
-    return this->gamma_table_[res];
+    return this->gamma_correct_(res);
   }
   inline uint8_t color_correct_green(uint8_t green) const ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE {
     uint8_t res = esp_scale8_twice(green, this->max_brightness_.green, this->local_brightness_);
-    return this->gamma_table_[res];
+    return this->gamma_correct_(res);
   }
   inline uint8_t color_correct_blue(uint8_t blue) const ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE {
     uint8_t res = esp_scale8_twice(blue, this->max_brightness_.blue, this->local_brightness_);
-    return this->gamma_table_[res];
+    return this->gamma_correct_(res);
   }
   inline uint8_t color_correct_white(uint8_t white) const ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE {
     uint8_t res = esp_scale8_twice(white, this->max_brightness_.white, this->local_brightness_);
-    return this->gamma_table_[res];
+    return this->gamma_correct_(res);
   }
   inline Color color_uncorrect(Color color) const ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE {
     // uncorrected = corrected^(1/gamma) / (max_brightness * local_brightness)
@@ -39,36 +54,40 @@ class ESPColorCorrection {
   inline uint8_t color_uncorrect_red(uint8_t red) const ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE {
     if (this->max_brightness_.red == 0 || this->local_brightness_ == 0)
       return 0;
-    uint16_t uncorrected = this->gamma_reverse_table_[red] * 255UL;
+    uint16_t uncorrected = this->gamma_uncorrect_(red) * 255UL;
     uint16_t res = ((uncorrected / this->max_brightness_.red) * 255UL) / this->local_brightness_;
     return (uint8_t) std::min(res, uint16_t(255));
   }
   inline uint8_t color_uncorrect_green(uint8_t green) const ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE {
     if (this->max_brightness_.green == 0 || this->local_brightness_ == 0)
       return 0;
-    uint16_t uncorrected = this->gamma_reverse_table_[green] * 255UL;
+    uint16_t uncorrected = this->gamma_uncorrect_(green) * 255UL;
     uint16_t res = ((uncorrected / this->max_brightness_.green) * 255UL) / this->local_brightness_;
     return (uint8_t) std::min(res, uint16_t(255));
   }
   inline uint8_t color_uncorrect_blue(uint8_t blue) const ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE {
     if (this->max_brightness_.blue == 0 || this->local_brightness_ == 0)
       return 0;
-    uint16_t uncorrected = this->gamma_reverse_table_[blue] * 255UL;
+    uint16_t uncorrected = this->gamma_uncorrect_(blue) * 255UL;
     uint16_t res = ((uncorrected / this->max_brightness_.blue) * 255UL) / this->local_brightness_;
     return (uint8_t) std::min(res, uint16_t(255));
   }
   inline uint8_t color_uncorrect_white(uint8_t white) const ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE {
     if (this->max_brightness_.white == 0 || this->local_brightness_ == 0)
       return 0;
-    uint16_t uncorrected = this->gamma_reverse_table_[white] * 255UL;
+    uint16_t uncorrected = this->gamma_uncorrect_(white) * 255UL;
     uint16_t res = ((uncorrected / this->max_brightness_.white) * 255UL) / this->local_brightness_;
     return (uint8_t) std::min(res, uint16_t(255));
   }
 
  protected:
-  uint8_t gamma_table_[256];
-  uint8_t gamma_reverse_table_[256];
-  Color max_brightness_;
+  /// Forward gamma: read uint16 PROGMEM table, convert to uint8
+  uint8_t gamma_correct_(uint8_t value) const;
+  /// Reverse gamma: binary search the forward PROGMEM table
+  uint8_t gamma_uncorrect_(uint8_t value) const;
+
+  const uint16_t *gamma_table_{nullptr};
+  Color max_brightness_{255, 255, 255, 255};
   uint8_t local_brightness_{255};
 };
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/light_call.cpp b/esphome/components/light/light_call.cpp
index 0291b2c3c6..14cd0e92f6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/light_call.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/light/light_call.cpp
@@ -389,9 +389,8 @@ void LightCall::transform_parameters_() {
       const float ww_fraction = (color_temp - min_mireds) / range;
       const float cw_fraction = 1.0f - ww_fraction;
       const float max_cw_ww = std::max(ww_fraction, cw_fraction);
-      const float gamma = this->parent_->get_gamma_correct();
-      this->cold_white_ = gamma_uncorrect(cw_fraction / max_cw_ww, gamma);
-      this->warm_white_ = gamma_uncorrect(ww_fraction / max_cw_ww, gamma);
+      this->cold_white_ = this->parent_->gamma_uncorrect_lut(cw_fraction / max_cw_ww);
+      this->warm_white_ = this->parent_->gamma_uncorrect_lut(ww_fraction / max_cw_ww);
       this->set_flag_(FLAG_HAS_COLD_WHITE);
       this->set_flag_(FLAG_HAS_WARM_WHITE);
     }
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/light_color_values.h b/esphome/components/light/light_color_values.h
index dc23263312..3a9ca8c8c2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/light_color_values.h
+++ b/esphome/components/light/light_color_values.h
@@ -111,60 +111,54 @@ class LightColorValues {
     }
   }
 
-  // Note that method signature of as_* methods is kept as-is for compatibility reasons, so not all parameters
-  // are always used or necessary. Methods will be deprecated later.
-
   /// Convert these light color values to a binary representation and write them to binary.
   void as_binary(bool *binary) const { *binary = this->state_ == 1.0f; }
 
   /// Convert these light color values to a brightness-only representation and write them to brightness.
-  void as_brightness(float *brightness, float gamma = 0) const {
-    *brightness = gamma_correct(this->state_ * this->brightness_, gamma);
-  }
+  void as_brightness(float *brightness) const { *brightness = this->state_ * this->brightness_; }
 
   /// Convert these light color values to an RGB representation and write them to red, green, blue.
-  void as_rgb(float *red, float *green, float *blue, float gamma = 0, bool color_interlock = false) const {
+  void as_rgb(float *red, float *green, float *blue) const {
     if (this->color_mode_ & ColorCapability::RGB) {
       float brightness = this->state_ * this->brightness_ * this->color_brightness_;
-      *red = gamma_correct(brightness * this->red_, gamma);
-      *green = gamma_correct(brightness * this->green_, gamma);
-      *blue = gamma_correct(brightness * this->blue_, gamma);
+      *red = brightness * this->red_;
+      *green = brightness * this->green_;
+      *blue = brightness * this->blue_;
     } else {
       *red = *green = *blue = 0;
     }
   }
 
   /// Convert these light color values to an RGBW representation and write them to red, green, blue, white.
-  void as_rgbw(float *red, float *green, float *blue, float *white, float gamma = 0,
-               bool color_interlock = false) const {
-    this->as_rgb(red, green, blue, gamma);
+  void as_rgbw(float *red, float *green, float *blue, float *white) const {
+    this->as_rgb(red, green, blue);
     if (this->color_mode_ & ColorCapability::WHITE) {
-      *white = gamma_correct(this->state_ * this->brightness_ * this->white_, gamma);
+      *white = this->state_ * this->brightness_ * this->white_;
     } else {
       *white = 0;
     }
   }
 
   /// Convert these light color values to an RGBWW representation with the given parameters.
-  void as_rgbww(float *red, float *green, float *blue, float *cold_white, float *warm_white, float gamma = 0,
+  void as_rgbww(float *red, float *green, float *blue, float *cold_white, float *warm_white,
                 bool constant_brightness = false) const {
-    this->as_rgb(red, green, blue, gamma);
-    this->as_cwww(cold_white, warm_white, gamma, constant_brightness);
+    this->as_rgb(red, green, blue);
+    this->as_cwww(cold_white, warm_white, constant_brightness);
   }
 
   /// Convert these light color values to an RGB+CT+BR representation with the given parameters.
   void as_rgbct(float color_temperature_cw, float color_temperature_ww, float *red, float *green, float *blue,
-                float *color_temperature, float *white_brightness, float gamma = 0) const {
-    this->as_rgb(red, green, blue, gamma);
-    this->as_ct(color_temperature_cw, color_temperature_ww, color_temperature, white_brightness, gamma);
+                float *color_temperature, float *white_brightness) const {
+    this->as_rgb(red, green, blue);
+    this->as_ct(color_temperature_cw, color_temperature_ww, color_temperature, white_brightness);
   }
 
   /// Convert these light color values to an CWWW representation with the given parameters.
-  void as_cwww(float *cold_white, float *warm_white, float gamma = 0, bool constant_brightness = false) const {
+  void as_cwww(float *cold_white, float *warm_white, bool constant_brightness = false) const {
     if (this->color_mode_ & ColorCapability::COLD_WARM_WHITE) {
-      const float cw_level = gamma_correct(this->cold_white_, gamma);
-      const float ww_level = gamma_correct(this->warm_white_, gamma);
-      const float white_level = gamma_correct(this->state_ * this->brightness_, gamma);
+      const float cw_level = this->cold_white_;
+      const float ww_level = this->warm_white_;
+      const float white_level = this->state_ * this->brightness_;
       if (!constant_brightness) {
         *cold_white = white_level * cw_level;
         *warm_white = white_level * ww_level;
@@ -184,13 +178,13 @@ class LightColorValues {
   }
 
   /// Convert these light color values to a CT+BR representation with the given parameters.
-  void as_ct(float color_temperature_cw, float color_temperature_ww, float *color_temperature, float *white_brightness,
-             float gamma = 0) const {
+  void as_ct(float color_temperature_cw, float color_temperature_ww, float *color_temperature,
+             float *white_brightness) const {
     const float white_level = this->color_mode_ & ColorCapability::RGB ? this->white_ : 1;
     if (this->color_mode_ & ColorCapability::COLOR_TEMPERATURE) {
       *color_temperature =
           (this->color_temperature_ - color_temperature_cw) / (color_temperature_ww - color_temperature_cw);
-      *white_brightness = gamma_correct(this->state_ * this->brightness_ * white_level, gamma);
+      *white_brightness = this->state_ * this->brightness_ * white_level;
     } else {  // Probably won't get here but put this here anyway.
       *white_brightness = 0;
     }
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/light_state.cpp b/esphome/components/light/light_state.cpp
index ed86bf58da..161092532a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/light_state.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/light/light_state.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "light_state.h"
+#include "esp_color_correction.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/controller_registry.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
@@ -204,33 +205,90 @@ void LightState::add_effects(const std::initializer_list<LightEffect *> &effects
 
 void LightState::current_values_as_binary(bool *binary) { this->current_values.as_binary(binary); }
 void LightState::current_values_as_brightness(float *brightness) {
-  this->current_values.as_brightness(brightness, this->gamma_correct_);
+  this->current_values.as_brightness(brightness);
+  *brightness = this->gamma_correct_lut(*brightness);
 }
-void LightState::current_values_as_rgb(float *red, float *green, float *blue, bool color_interlock) {
-  this->current_values.as_rgb(red, green, blue, this->gamma_correct_, false);
+void LightState::current_values_as_rgb(float *red, float *green, float *blue) {
+  this->current_values.as_rgb(red, green, blue);
+  *red = this->gamma_correct_lut(*red);
+  *green = this->gamma_correct_lut(*green);
+  *blue = this->gamma_correct_lut(*blue);
 }
-void LightState::current_values_as_rgbw(float *red, float *green, float *blue, float *white, bool color_interlock) {
-  this->current_values.as_rgbw(red, green, blue, white, this->gamma_correct_, false);
+void LightState::current_values_as_rgbw(float *red, float *green, float *blue, float *white) {
+  this->current_values.as_rgbw(red, green, blue, white);
+  *red = this->gamma_correct_lut(*red);
+  *green = this->gamma_correct_lut(*green);
+  *blue = this->gamma_correct_lut(*blue);
+  *white = this->gamma_correct_lut(*white);
 }
 void LightState::current_values_as_rgbww(float *red, float *green, float *blue, float *cold_white, float *warm_white,
                                          bool constant_brightness) {
-  this->current_values.as_rgbww(red, green, blue, cold_white, warm_white, this->gamma_correct_, constant_brightness);
+  this->current_values.as_rgbww(red, green, blue, cold_white, warm_white, constant_brightness);
+  *red = this->gamma_correct_lut(*red);
+  *green = this->gamma_correct_lut(*green);
+  *blue = this->gamma_correct_lut(*blue);
+  *cold_white = this->gamma_correct_lut(*cold_white);
+  *warm_white = this->gamma_correct_lut(*warm_white);
 }
 void LightState::current_values_as_rgbct(float *red, float *green, float *blue, float *color_temperature,
                                          float *white_brightness) {
   auto traits = this->get_traits();
   this->current_values.as_rgbct(traits.get_min_mireds(), traits.get_max_mireds(), red, green, blue, color_temperature,
-                                white_brightness, this->gamma_correct_);
+                                white_brightness);
+  *red = this->gamma_correct_lut(*red);
+  *green = this->gamma_correct_lut(*green);
+  *blue = this->gamma_correct_lut(*blue);
+  *white_brightness = this->gamma_correct_lut(*white_brightness);
 }
 void LightState::current_values_as_cwww(float *cold_white, float *warm_white, bool constant_brightness) {
-  this->current_values.as_cwww(cold_white, warm_white, this->gamma_correct_, constant_brightness);
+  this->current_values.as_cwww(cold_white, warm_white, constant_brightness);
+  *cold_white = this->gamma_correct_lut(*cold_white);
+  *warm_white = this->gamma_correct_lut(*warm_white);
 }
 void LightState::current_values_as_ct(float *color_temperature, float *white_brightness) {
   auto traits = this->get_traits();
-  this->current_values.as_ct(traits.get_min_mireds(), traits.get_max_mireds(), color_temperature, white_brightness,
-                             this->gamma_correct_);
+  this->current_values.as_ct(traits.get_min_mireds(), traits.get_max_mireds(), color_temperature, white_brightness);
+  *white_brightness = this->gamma_correct_lut(*white_brightness);
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_LIGHT_GAMMA_LUT
+float LightState::gamma_correct_lut(float value) const {
+  if (value <= 0.0f)
+    return 0.0f;
+  if (value >= 1.0f)
+    return 1.0f;
+  if (this->gamma_table_ == nullptr)
+    return value;
+  float scaled = value * 255.0f;
+  auto idx = static_cast<uint8_t>(scaled);
+  if (idx >= 255)
+    return progmem_read_uint16(&this->gamma_table_[255]) / 65535.0f;
+  float frac = scaled - idx;
+  float a = progmem_read_uint16(&this->gamma_table_[idx]);
+  float b = progmem_read_uint16(&this->gamma_table_[idx + 1]);
+  return (a + frac * (b - a)) / 65535.0f;
+}
+float LightState::gamma_uncorrect_lut(float value) const {
+  if (value <= 0.0f)
+    return 0.0f;
+  if (value >= 1.0f)
+    return 1.0f;
+  if (this->gamma_table_ == nullptr)
+    return value;
+  uint16_t target = static_cast<uint16_t>(value * 65535.0f);
+  uint8_t lo = gamma_table_reverse_search(this->gamma_table_, target);
+  if (lo >= 255)
+    return 1.0f;
+  // Interpolate between lo and lo+1
+  uint16_t a = progmem_read_uint16(&this->gamma_table_[lo]);
+  uint16_t b = progmem_read_uint16(&this->gamma_table_[lo + 1]);
+  if (b == a)
+    return lo / 255.0f;
+  float frac = static_cast<float>(target - a) / static_cast<float>(b - a);
+  return (lo + frac) / 255.0f;
+}
+#endif  // USE_LIGHT_GAMMA_LUT
+
 bool LightState::is_transformer_active() { return this->is_transformer_active_; }
 
 void LightState::start_effect_(uint32_t effect_index) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/light_state.h b/esphome/components/light/light_state.h
index 83b9226d03..528f5bd911 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/light_state.h
+++ b/esphome/components/light/light_state.h
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include "light_traits.h"
 #include "light_transformer.h"
 
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include <strings.h>
 #include <vector>
@@ -166,6 +167,23 @@ class LightState : public EntityBase, public Component {
   void set_gamma_correct(float gamma_correct);
   float get_gamma_correct() const { return this->gamma_correct_; }
 
+#ifdef USE_LIGHT_GAMMA_LUT
+  /// Set pre-computed gamma forward lookup table (256-entry uint16 PROGMEM array)
+  void set_gamma_table(const uint16_t *forward) { this->gamma_table_ = forward; }
+
+  /// Get the forward gamma lookup table
+  const uint16_t *get_gamma_table() const { return this->gamma_table_; }
+
+  /// Apply gamma correction using the pre-computed forward LUT
+  float gamma_correct_lut(float value) const;
+  /// Reverse gamma correction by binary-searching the forward LUT
+  float gamma_uncorrect_lut(float value) const;
+#else
+  /// No gamma LUT — passthrough
+  float gamma_correct_lut(float value) const { return value; }
+  float gamma_uncorrect_lut(float value) const { return value; }
+#endif  // USE_LIGHT_GAMMA_LUT
+
   /// Set the restore mode of this light
   void set_restore_mode(LightRestoreMode restore_mode);
 
@@ -224,9 +242,9 @@ class LightState : public EntityBase, public Component {
 
   void current_values_as_brightness(float *brightness);
 
-  void current_values_as_rgb(float *red, float *green, float *blue, bool color_interlock = false);
+  void current_values_as_rgb(float *red, float *green, float *blue);
 
-  void current_values_as_rgbw(float *red, float *green, float *blue, float *white, bool color_interlock = false);
+  void current_values_as_rgbw(float *red, float *green, float *blue, float *white);
 
   void current_values_as_rgbww(float *red, float *green, float *blue, float *cold_white, float *warm_white,
                                bool constant_brightness = false);
@@ -297,6 +315,10 @@ class LightState : public EntityBase, public Component {
   uint32_t flash_transition_length_{};
   /// Gamma correction factor for the light.
   float gamma_correct_{};
+#ifdef USE_LIGHT_GAMMA_LUT
+  const uint16_t *gamma_table_{nullptr};
+#endif  // USE_LIGHT_GAMMA_LUT
+
   /// Whether the light value should be written in the next cycle.
   bool next_write_{true};
   // for effects, true if a transformer (transition) is active.
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/light/lvgl_light.h b/esphome/components/lvgl/light/lvgl_light.h
index 50ae4c5327..569f9a03c0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/light/lvgl_light.h
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/light/lvgl_light.h
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class LVLight : public light::LightOutput {
   }
   void write_state(light::LightState *state) override {
     float red, green, blue;
-    state->current_values_as_rgb(&red, &green, &blue, false);
+    state->current_values_as_rgb(&red, &green, &blue);
     auto color = lv_color_make(red * 255, green * 255, blue * 255);
     if (this->obj_ != nullptr) {
       this->set_value_(color);
diff --git a/esphome/components/rgb/rgb_light_output.h b/esphome/components/rgb/rgb_light_output.h
index ef53c8042d..783187667a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rgb/rgb_light_output.h
+++ b/esphome/components/rgb/rgb_light_output.h
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class RGBLightOutput : public light::LightOutput {
   }
   void write_state(light::LightState *state) override {
     float red, green, blue;
-    state->current_values_as_rgb(&red, &green, &blue, false);
+    state->current_values_as_rgb(&red, &green, &blue);
     this->red_->set_level(red);
     this->green_->set_level(green);
     this->blue_->set_level(blue);
diff --git a/esphome/components/rgbw/rgbw_light_output.h b/esphome/components/rgbw/rgbw_light_output.h
index a2ab17b75d..140726a43c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rgbw/rgbw_light_output.h
+++ b/esphome/components/rgbw/rgbw_light_output.h
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class RGBWLightOutput : public light::LightOutput {
   }
   void write_state(light::LightState *state) override {
     float red, green, blue, white;
-    state->current_values_as_rgbw(&red, &green, &blue, &white, this->color_interlock_);
+    state->current_values_as_rgbw(&red, &green, &blue, &white);
     this->red_->set_level(red);
     this->green_->set_level(green);
     this->blue_->set_level(blue);
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp b/esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp
index 8b86de4be1..6386d53292 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ void HOT arch_feed_wdt() { watchdog_update(); }
 uint8_t progmem_read_byte(const uint8_t *addr) {
   return pgm_read_byte(addr);  // NOLINT
 }
+uint16_t progmem_read_uint16(const uint16_t *addr) { return *addr; }
 uint32_t HOT arch_get_cpu_cycle_count() { return ulMainGetRunTimeCounterValue(); }
 uint32_t arch_get_cpu_freq_hz() { return RP2040::f_cpu(); }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr/core.cpp b/esphome/components/zephyr/core.cpp
index f0772a4422..cf3ea70245 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zephyr/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr/core.cpp
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ void arch_restart() { sys_reboot(SYS_REBOOT_COLD); }
 uint32_t arch_get_cpu_cycle_count() { return k_cycle_get_32(); }
 uint32_t arch_get_cpu_freq_hz() { return sys_clock_hw_cycles_per_sec(); }
 uint8_t progmem_read_byte(const uint8_t *addr) { return *addr; }
+uint16_t progmem_read_uint16(const uint16_t *addr) { return *addr; }
 
 Mutex::Mutex() {
   auto *mutex = new k_mutex();
diff --git a/esphome/core/defines.h b/esphome/core/defines.h
index 1f2597dd98..8c78afa7d4 100644
--- a/esphome/core/defines.h
+++ b/esphome/core/defines.h
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@
 #define USE_IR_RF
 #define USE_JSON
 #define USE_LIGHT
+#define USE_LIGHT_GAMMA_LUT
 #define USE_LOCK
 #define USE_LOGGER
 #define USE_LOGGER_LEVEL_LISTENERS
diff --git a/esphome/core/hal.h b/esphome/core/hal.h
index fa5ca646f2..ef45be629d 100644
--- a/esphome/core/hal.h
+++ b/esphome/core/hal.h
@@ -42,5 +42,6 @@ void arch_feed_wdt();
 uint32_t arch_get_cpu_cycle_count();
 uint32_t arch_get_cpu_freq_hz();
 uint8_t progmem_read_byte(const uint8_t *addr);
+uint16_t progmem_read_uint16(const uint16_t *addr);
 
 }  // namespace esphome
diff --git a/esphome/core/helpers.h b/esphome/core/helpers.h
index 65d590a5e6..c68cb549bb 100644
--- a/esphome/core/helpers.h
+++ b/esphome/core/helpers.h
@@ -1437,8 +1437,12 @@ bool base64_decode_int32_vector(const std::string &base64, std::vector<int32_t>
 ///@{
 
 /// Applies gamma correction of \p gamma to \p value.
+// Remove before 2026.9.0
+ESPDEPRECATED("Use LightState::gamma_correct_lut() instead. Removed in 2026.9.0.", "2026.3.0")
 float gamma_correct(float value, float gamma);
 /// Reverts gamma correction of \p gamma to \p value.
+// Remove before 2026.9.0
+ESPDEPRECATED("Use LightState::gamma_uncorrect_lut() instead. Removed in 2026.9.0.", "2026.3.0")
 float gamma_uncorrect(float value, float gamma);
 
 /// Convert \p red, \p green and \p blue (all 0-1) values to \p hue (0-360), \p saturation (0-1) and \p value (0-1).

From 54f410901fa09bd025bc370be3753346c2430b9d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 2 Mar 2026 06:57:39 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 303/609] [web_server] Avoid temporary std::string allocations
 in request parameter parsing (#14366)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .../alarm_control_panel_call.cpp              |  9 ++++-
 .../alarm_control_panel_call.h                |  3 +-
 esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp     |  4 +-
 esphome/components/climate/climate.cpp        | 18 ++++++---
 esphome/components/climate/climate.h          |  4 ++
 esphome/components/text/text_call.cpp         |  5 +++
 esphome/components/text/text_call.h           |  1 +
 .../components/water_heater/water_heater.cpp  | 21 +++++-----
 .../components/water_heater/water_heater.h    |  3 +-
 esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp  | 38 ++++++++++++++-----
 esphome/components/web_server/web_server.h    |  8 ++--
 11 files changed, 82 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/alarm_control_panel/alarm_control_panel_call.cpp b/esphome/components/alarm_control_panel/alarm_control_panel_call.cpp
index ba58ee3904..0c43cd555a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/alarm_control_panel/alarm_control_panel_call.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/alarm_control_panel/alarm_control_panel_call.cpp
@@ -12,7 +12,14 @@ AlarmControlPanelCall::AlarmControlPanelCall(AlarmControlPanel *parent) : parent
 
 AlarmControlPanelCall &AlarmControlPanelCall::set_code(const char *code) {
   if (code != nullptr) {
-    this->code_ = std::string(code);
+    return this->set_code(code, strlen(code));
+  }
+  return *this;
+}
+
+AlarmControlPanelCall &AlarmControlPanelCall::set_code(const char *code, size_t len) {
+  if (code != nullptr) {
+    this->code_ = std::string(code, len);
   }
   return *this;
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/alarm_control_panel/alarm_control_panel_call.h b/esphome/components/alarm_control_panel/alarm_control_panel_call.h
index 58764ea166..6e39a0a413 100644
--- a/esphome/components/alarm_control_panel/alarm_control_panel_call.h
+++ b/esphome/components/alarm_control_panel/alarm_control_panel_call.h
@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@ class AlarmControlPanelCall {
   AlarmControlPanelCall(AlarmControlPanel *parent);
 
   AlarmControlPanelCall &set_code(const char *code);
-  AlarmControlPanelCall &set_code(const std::string &code) { return this->set_code(code.c_str()); }
+  AlarmControlPanelCall &set_code(const char *code, size_t len);
+  AlarmControlPanelCall &set_code(const std::string &code) { return this->set_code(code.c_str(), code.size()); }
   AlarmControlPanelCall &arm_away();
   AlarmControlPanelCall &arm_home();
   AlarmControlPanelCall &arm_night();
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
index 90287ec2dd..738dd1ef05 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
@@ -889,7 +889,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_text_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *co
 }
 void APIConnection::on_text_command_request(const TextCommandRequest &msg) {
   ENTITY_COMMAND_MAKE_CALL(text::Text, text, text)
-  call.set_value(msg.state);
+  call.set_value(msg.state.c_str(), msg.state.size());
   call.perform();
 }
 #endif
@@ -1360,7 +1360,7 @@ void APIConnection::on_alarm_control_panel_command_request(const AlarmControlPan
       call.pending();
       break;
   }
-  call.set_code(msg.code);
+  call.set_code(msg.code.c_str(), msg.code.size());
   call.perform();
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/climate/climate.cpp b/esphome/components/climate/climate.cpp
index ba6de4ff61..43d25effa3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/climate/climate.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/climate/climate.cpp
@@ -173,14 +173,17 @@ ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_mode(ClimateMode mode) {
   return *this;
 }
 
-ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_mode(const std::string &mode) {
+ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_mode(const std::string &mode) { return this->set_mode(mode.c_str(), mode.size()); }
+
+ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_mode(const char *mode, size_t len) {
+  StringRef mode_ref(mode, len);
   for (const auto &mode_entry : CLIMATE_MODES_BY_STR) {
-    if (str_equals_case_insensitive(mode, mode_entry.str)) {
+    if (str_equals_case_insensitive(mode_ref, mode_entry.str)) {
       this->set_mode(static_cast<ClimateMode>(mode_entry.value));
       return *this;
     }
   }
-  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - Unrecognized mode %s", this->parent_->get_name().c_str(), mode.c_str());
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - Unrecognized mode %.*s", this->parent_->get_name().c_str(), (int) len, mode);
   return *this;
 }
 
@@ -266,13 +269,18 @@ ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_swing_mode(ClimateSwingMode swing_mode) {
 }
 
 ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_swing_mode(const std::string &swing_mode) {
+  return this->set_swing_mode(swing_mode.c_str(), swing_mode.size());
+}
+
+ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_swing_mode(const char *swing_mode, size_t len) {
+  StringRef mode_ref(swing_mode, len);
   for (const auto &mode_entry : CLIMATE_SWING_MODES_BY_STR) {
-    if (str_equals_case_insensitive(swing_mode, mode_entry.str)) {
+    if (str_equals_case_insensitive(mode_ref, mode_entry.str)) {
       this->set_swing_mode(static_cast<ClimateSwingMode>(mode_entry.value));
       return *this;
     }
   }
-  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - Unrecognized swing mode %s", this->parent_->get_name().c_str(), swing_mode.c_str());
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - Unrecognized swing mode %.*s", this->parent_->get_name().c_str(), (int) len, swing_mode);
   return *this;
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/climate/climate.h b/esphome/components/climate/climate.h
index 6fac254502..aa9ca91bc2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/climate/climate.h
+++ b/esphome/components/climate/climate.h
@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ class ClimateCall {
   ClimateCall &set_mode(optional<ClimateMode> mode);
   /// Set the mode of the climate device based on a string.
   ClimateCall &set_mode(const std::string &mode);
+  /// Set the mode of the climate device based on a C string.
+  ClimateCall &set_mode(const char *mode, size_t len);
   /// Set the target temperature of the climate device.
   ClimateCall &set_target_temperature(float target_temperature);
   /// Set the target temperature of the climate device.
@@ -87,6 +89,8 @@ class ClimateCall {
   ClimateCall &set_swing_mode(optional<ClimateSwingMode> swing_mode);
   /// Set the swing mode of the climate device based on a string.
   ClimateCall &set_swing_mode(const std::string &swing_mode);
+  /// Set the swing mode of the climate device based on a C string.
+  ClimateCall &set_swing_mode(const char *swing_mode, size_t len);
   /// Set the preset of the climate device.
   ClimateCall &set_preset(ClimatePreset preset);
   /// Set the preset of the climate device.
diff --git a/esphome/components/text/text_call.cpp b/esphome/components/text/text_call.cpp
index 8a1630c5ca..b7aed098c7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/text/text_call.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/text/text_call.cpp
@@ -11,6 +11,11 @@ TextCall &TextCall::set_value(const std::string &value) {
   return *this;
 }
 
+TextCall &TextCall::set_value(const char *value, size_t len) {
+  this->value_ = std::string(value, len);
+  return *this;
+}
+
 void TextCall::validate_() {
   const auto *name = this->parent_->get_name().c_str();
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/text/text_call.h b/esphome/components/text/text_call.h
index 532fae34b2..5a2b257ab2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/text/text_call.h
+++ b/esphome/components/text/text_call.h
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ class TextCall {
   void perform();
 
   TextCall &set_value(const std::string &value);
+  TextCall &set_value(const char *value, size_t len);
 
  protected:
   Text *const parent_;
diff --git a/esphome/components/water_heater/water_heater.cpp b/esphome/components/water_heater/water_heater.cpp
index 9d7ae0cbc0..3989230d2d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/water_heater/water_heater.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/water_heater/water_heater.cpp
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/progmem.h"
 
 #include <cmath>
+#include <cstring>
 
 namespace esphome::water_heater {
 
@@ -23,23 +24,25 @@ WaterHeaterCall &WaterHeaterCall::set_mode(WaterHeaterMode mode) {
   return *this;
 }
 
-WaterHeaterCall &WaterHeaterCall::set_mode(const char *mode) {
-  if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(mode, ESPHOME_PSTR("OFF")) == 0) {
+WaterHeaterCall &WaterHeaterCall::set_mode(const char *mode) { return this->set_mode(mode, strlen(mode)); }
+
+WaterHeaterCall &WaterHeaterCall::set_mode(const char *mode, size_t len) {
+  if (len == 3 && ESPHOME_strncasecmp_P(mode, ESPHOME_PSTR("OFF"), 3) == 0) {
     this->set_mode(WATER_HEATER_MODE_OFF);
-  } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(mode, ESPHOME_PSTR("ECO")) == 0) {
+  } else if (len == 3 && ESPHOME_strncasecmp_P(mode, ESPHOME_PSTR("ECO"), 3) == 0) {
     this->set_mode(WATER_HEATER_MODE_ECO);
-  } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(mode, ESPHOME_PSTR("ELECTRIC")) == 0) {
+  } else if (len == 8 && ESPHOME_strncasecmp_P(mode, ESPHOME_PSTR("ELECTRIC"), 8) == 0) {
     this->set_mode(WATER_HEATER_MODE_ELECTRIC);
-  } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(mode, ESPHOME_PSTR("PERFORMANCE")) == 0) {
+  } else if (len == 11 && ESPHOME_strncasecmp_P(mode, ESPHOME_PSTR("PERFORMANCE"), 11) == 0) {
     this->set_mode(WATER_HEATER_MODE_PERFORMANCE);
-  } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(mode, ESPHOME_PSTR("HIGH_DEMAND")) == 0) {
+  } else if (len == 11 && ESPHOME_strncasecmp_P(mode, ESPHOME_PSTR("HIGH_DEMAND"), 11) == 0) {
     this->set_mode(WATER_HEATER_MODE_HIGH_DEMAND);
-  } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(mode, ESPHOME_PSTR("HEAT_PUMP")) == 0) {
+  } else if (len == 9 && ESPHOME_strncasecmp_P(mode, ESPHOME_PSTR("HEAT_PUMP"), 9) == 0) {
     this->set_mode(WATER_HEATER_MODE_HEAT_PUMP);
-  } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(mode, ESPHOME_PSTR("GAS")) == 0) {
+  } else if (len == 3 && ESPHOME_strncasecmp_P(mode, ESPHOME_PSTR("GAS"), 3) == 0) {
     this->set_mode(WATER_HEATER_MODE_GAS);
   } else {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - Unrecognized mode %s", this->parent_->get_name().c_str(), mode);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - Unrecognized mode %.*s", this->parent_->get_name().c_str(), (int) len, mode);
   }
   return *this;
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/water_heater/water_heater.h b/esphome/components/water_heater/water_heater.h
index 070ae99575..a1e1ca10a6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/water_heater/water_heater.h
+++ b/esphome/components/water_heater/water_heater.h
@@ -76,7 +76,8 @@ class WaterHeaterCall {
 
   WaterHeaterCall &set_mode(WaterHeaterMode mode);
   WaterHeaterCall &set_mode(const char *mode);
-  WaterHeaterCall &set_mode(const std::string &mode) { return this->set_mode(mode.c_str()); }
+  WaterHeaterCall &set_mode(const char *mode, size_t len);
+  WaterHeaterCall &set_mode(const std::string &mode) { return this->set_mode(mode.c_str(), mode.size()); }
   WaterHeaterCall &set_target_temperature(float temperature);
   WaterHeaterCall &set_target_temperature_low(float temperature);
   WaterHeaterCall &set_target_temperature_high(float temperature);
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
index 4824e33dcd..47e427c0d1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
@@ -969,7 +969,9 @@ void WebServer::handle_light_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMa
       parse_light_param_uint_(request, ESPHOME_F("transition"), call, &decltype(call)::set_transition_length, 1000);
 
       if (is_on) {
-        parse_string_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("effect"), call, &decltype(call)::set_effect);
+        parse_cstr_param_(
+            request, ESPHOME_F("effect"), call,
+            static_cast<light::LightCall &(light::LightCall::*) (const char *, size_t)>(&decltype(call)::set_effect));
       }
 
       DEFER_ACTION(call, call.perform());
@@ -1368,7 +1370,9 @@ void WebServer::handle_text_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMat
     }
 
     auto call = obj->make_call();
-    parse_string_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("value"), call, &decltype(call)::set_value);
+    parse_cstr_param_(
+        request, ESPHOME_F("value"), call,
+        static_cast<text::TextCall &(text::TextCall::*) (const char *, size_t)>(&decltype(call)::set_value));
 
     DEFER_ACTION(call, call.perform());
     request->send(200);
@@ -1426,7 +1430,9 @@ void WebServer::handle_select_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlM
     }
 
     auto call = obj->make_call();
-    parse_string_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("option"), call, &decltype(call)::set_option);
+    parse_cstr_param_(
+        request, ESPHOME_F("option"), call,
+        static_cast<select::SelectCall &(select::SelectCall::*) (const char *, size_t)>(&decltype(call)::set_option));
 
     DEFER_ACTION(call, call.perform());
     request->send(200);
@@ -1487,10 +1493,18 @@ void WebServer::handle_climate_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const Url
     auto call = obj->make_call();
 
     // Parse string mode parameters
-    parse_string_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("mode"), call, &decltype(call)::set_mode);
-    parse_string_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("fan_mode"), call, &decltype(call)::set_fan_mode);
-    parse_string_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("swing_mode"), call, &decltype(call)::set_swing_mode);
-    parse_string_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("preset"), call, &decltype(call)::set_preset);
+    parse_cstr_param_(
+        request, ESPHOME_F("mode"), call,
+        static_cast<climate::ClimateCall &(climate::ClimateCall::*) (const char *, size_t)>(&decltype(call)::set_mode));
+    parse_cstr_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("fan_mode"), call,
+                      static_cast<climate::ClimateCall &(climate::ClimateCall::*) (const char *, size_t)>(
+                          &decltype(call)::set_fan_mode));
+    parse_cstr_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("swing_mode"), call,
+                      static_cast<climate::ClimateCall &(climate::ClimateCall::*) (const char *, size_t)>(
+                          &decltype(call)::set_swing_mode));
+    parse_cstr_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("preset"), call,
+                      static_cast<climate::ClimateCall &(climate::ClimateCall::*) (const char *, size_t)>(
+                          &decltype(call)::set_preset));
 
     // Parse temperature parameters
     // static_cast needed to disambiguate overloaded setters (float vs optional<float>)
@@ -1804,7 +1818,10 @@ void WebServer::handle_alarm_control_panel_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *reques
     }
 
     auto call = obj->make_call();
-    parse_string_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("code"), call, &decltype(call)::set_code);
+    parse_cstr_param_(
+        request, ESPHOME_F("code"), call,
+        static_cast<alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanelCall &(
+            alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanelCall::*) (const char *, size_t)>(&decltype(call)::set_code));
 
     // Lookup table for alarm control panel methods
     static const struct {
@@ -1892,7 +1909,10 @@ void WebServer::handle_water_heater_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, cons
     water_heater::WaterHeaterCall &base_call = call;
 
     // Parse mode parameter
-    parse_string_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("mode"), base_call, &water_heater::WaterHeaterCall::set_mode);
+    parse_cstr_param_(
+        request, ESPHOME_F("mode"), base_call,
+        static_cast<water_heater::WaterHeaterCall &(water_heater::WaterHeaterCall::*) (const char *, size_t)>(
+            &water_heater::WaterHeaterCall::set_mode));
 
     // Parse temperature parameters
     parse_num_param_(request, ESPHOME_F("target_temperature"), base_call,
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.h b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.h
index 64c492f82b..6152dfbfd3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.h
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.h
@@ -533,13 +533,13 @@ class WebServer final : public Controller, public Component, public AsyncWebHand
     }
   }
 
-  // Generic helper to parse and apply a string parameter
+  // Generic helper to parse and apply a string parameter using const char* setter (avoids std::string allocation)
   template<typename T, typename Ret>
-  void parse_string_param_(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, ParamNameType param_name, T &call,
-                           Ret (T::*setter)(const std::string &)) {
+  void parse_cstr_param_(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, ParamNameType param_name, T &call,
+                         Ret (T::*setter)(const char *, size_t)) {
     if (request->hasArg(param_name)) {
       const auto &value = request->arg(param_name);
-      (call.*setter)(std::string(value.c_str(), value.length()));
+      (call.*setter)(value.c_str(), value.length());
     }
   }
 

From f278250740330b6b4e990ae19b0bc91d846ec924 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 2 Mar 2026 06:57:59 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 304/609] [core] Deduplicate ControllerRegistry notify dispatch
 loop (#14394)

---
 esphome/core/controller_registry.cpp | 21 +++++++++++++--------
 esphome/core/controller_registry.h   | 15 +++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/controller_registry.cpp b/esphome/core/controller_registry.cpp
index 13b505e8e9..255efa86ba 100644
--- a/esphome/core/controller_registry.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/controller_registry.cpp
@@ -10,21 +10,26 @@ StaticVector<Controller *, CONTROLLER_REGISTRY_MAX> ControllerRegistry::controll
 
 void ControllerRegistry::register_controller(Controller *controller) { controllers.push_back(controller); }
 
+void ControllerRegistry::notify(void *obj, DispatchFunc dispatch) {
+  for (auto *controller : controllers) {
+    dispatch(controller, obj);
+  }
+}
+
 // Macro for standard registry notification dispatch - calls on_<entity_name>_update()
+// Each wrapper passes a small trampoline lambda that calls the correct virtual method.
+// NOLINTBEGIN(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
 #define CONTROLLER_REGISTRY_NOTIFY(entity_type, entity_name) \
-  void ControllerRegistry::notify_##entity_name##_update(entity_type *obj) { /* NOLINT(bugprone-macro-parentheses) */ \
-    for (auto *controller : controllers) { \
-      controller->on_##entity_name##_update(obj); \
-    } \
+  void ControllerRegistry::notify_##entity_name##_update(entity_type *obj) { \
+    notify(obj, [](Controller *c, void *o) { c->on_##entity_name##_update(static_cast<entity_type *>(o)); }); \
   }
 
 // Macro for entities where controller method has no "_update" suffix (Event, Update)
 #define CONTROLLER_REGISTRY_NOTIFY_NO_UPDATE_SUFFIX(entity_type, entity_name) \
-  void ControllerRegistry::notify_##entity_name(entity_type *obj) { /* NOLINT(bugprone-macro-parentheses) */ \
-    for (auto *controller : controllers) { \
-      controller->on_##entity_name(obj); \
-    } \
+  void ControllerRegistry::notify_##entity_name(entity_type *obj) { \
+    notify(obj, [](Controller *c, void *o) { c->on_##entity_name(static_cast<entity_type *>(o)); }); \
   }
+// NOLINTEND(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
 
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
 CONTROLLER_REGISTRY_NOTIFY(binary_sensor::BinarySensor, binary_sensor)
diff --git a/esphome/core/controller_registry.h b/esphome/core/controller_registry.h
index d6452d8827..15e3b4ba83 100644
--- a/esphome/core/controller_registry.h
+++ b/esphome/core/controller_registry.h
@@ -247,6 +247,21 @@ class ControllerRegistry {
 #endif
 
  protected:
+  /** Type-erased dispatch function pointer.
+   *
+   * Each notify method passes a small trampoline that calls the
+   * correct virtual method on Controller. The shared notify() loop
+   * iterates controllers once, calling the trampoline for each.
+   */
+  using DispatchFunc = void (*)(Controller *, void *);
+
+  /** Shared dispatch loop - iterates controllers and calls dispatch for each.
+   *
+   * Marked noinline to ensure only one copy of the loop exists in flash,
+   * rather than being duplicated into each notify_*_update wrapper.
+   */
+  static void __attribute__((noinline)) notify(void *obj, DispatchFunc dispatch);
+
   static StaticVector<Controller *, CONTROLLER_REGISTRY_MAX> controllers;
 };
 

From 39572d9628d80ecf5f74f99f54c536ca26b357c8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 2 Mar 2026 06:58:15 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 305/609] [light] Resolve effect names to indices at codegen
 time (#14265)

---
 esphome/components/light/automation.h  |  2 +-
 esphome/components/light/automation.py | 50 ++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 esphome/components/light/light_state.h | 15 ++++++++
 3 files changed, 64 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/light/automation.h b/esphome/components/light/automation.h
index c90d71c5df..2854bc62d9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/components/light/automation.h
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class LightControlAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, color_temperature)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, cold_white)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, warm_white)
-  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::string, effect)
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint32_t, effect)
 
   void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     auto call = this->parent_->make_call();
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/automation.py b/esphome/components/light/automation.py
index 89b2fc0fb2..08fd26a937 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/automation.py
+++ b/esphome/components/light/automation.py
@@ -10,12 +10,14 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_COLOR_MODE,
     CONF_COLOR_TEMPERATURE,
     CONF_EFFECT,
+    CONF_EFFECTS,
     CONF_FLASH_LENGTH,
     CONF_GREEN,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_LIMIT_MODE,
     CONF_MAX_BRIGHTNESS,
     CONF_MIN_BRIGHTNESS,
+    CONF_NAME,
     CONF_RANGE_FROM,
     CONF_RANGE_TO,
     CONF_RED,
@@ -24,6 +26,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_WARM_WHITE,
     CONF_WHITE,
 )
+from esphome.core import CORE, Lambda
+from esphome.cpp_generator import LambdaExpression
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .types import (
     COLOR_MODES,
@@ -111,6 +116,26 @@ LIGHT_TURN_ON_ACTION_SCHEMA = automation.maybe_simple_id(
 )
 
 
+def _resolve_effect_index(config: ConfigType) -> int:
+    """Resolve a static effect name to its 1-based index at codegen time.
+
+    Effect index 0 means "None" (no effect). Effects are 1-indexed matching
+    the C++ convention in LightState.
+    """
+    original_name = config[CONF_EFFECT]
+    effect_name = original_name.lower()
+    if effect_name == "none":
+        return 0
+    light_id = config[CONF_ID]
+    light_path = CORE.config.get_path_for_id(light_id)[:-1]
+    light_config = CORE.config.get_config_for_path(light_path)
+    for i, effect_conf in enumerate(light_config.get(CONF_EFFECTS, [])):
+        key = next(iter(effect_conf))
+        if effect_conf[key][CONF_NAME].lower() == effect_name:
+            return i + 1
+    raise ValueError(f"Effect '{original_name}' not found in light '{light_id}'")
+
+
 @automation.register_action(
     "light.turn_off", LightControlAction, LIGHT_TURN_OFF_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
@@ -165,8 +190,29 @@ async def light_control_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
         template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_WARM_WHITE], args, float)
         cg.add(var.set_warm_white(template_))
     if CONF_EFFECT in config:
-        template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_EFFECT], args, cg.std_string)
-        cg.add(var.set_effect(template_))
+        if isinstance(config[CONF_EFFECT], Lambda):
+            # Lambda returns a string — wrap in a C++ lambda that resolves
+            # the effect name to its uint32_t index at runtime
+            inner_lambda = await cg.process_lambda(
+                config[CONF_EFFECT], args, return_type=cg.std_string
+            )
+            fwd_args = ", ".join(n for _, n in args)
+            # capture="" is correct: paren is a global variable name
+            # string-interpolated into the body at codegen time, not a
+            # C++ runtime capture.
+            wrapper = LambdaExpression(
+                f"auto __effect_s = ({inner_lambda})({fwd_args});\n"
+                f"return {paren}->get_effect_index("
+                f"__effect_s.c_str(), __effect_s.size());",
+                args,
+                capture="",
+                return_type=cg.uint32,
+            )
+            cg.add(var.set_effect(wrapper))
+        else:
+            # Static string — resolve effect name to index at codegen time
+            effect_index = _resolve_effect_index(config)
+            cg.add(var.set_effect(effect_index))
     return var
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/light_state.h b/esphome/components/light/light_state.h
index 528f5bd911..b8d72cc832 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/light_state.h
+++ b/esphome/components/light/light_state.h
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/progmem.h"
 #include <strings.h>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -218,6 +219,20 @@ class LightState : public EntityBase, public Component {
     return 0;  // Effect not found
   }
 
+  /// Get effect index by name (const char* overload, avoids std::string construction).
+  uint32_t get_effect_index(const char *name, size_t len) const {
+    if (len == 4 && ESPHOME_strncasecmp_P(name, ESPHOME_PSTR("none"), 4) == 0) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    StringRef ref(name, len);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < this->effects_.size(); i++) {
+      if (str_equals_case_insensitive(ref, this->effects_[i]->get_name())) {
+        return i + 1;
+      }
+    }
+    return 0;
+  }
+
   /// Get effect by index. Returns nullptr if index is invalid.
   LightEffect *get_effect_by_index(uint32_t index) const {
     if (index == 0 || index > this->effects_.size()) {

From 585e195044af6a7415bf56108d4073c60a4a3e3b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 2 Mar 2026 06:58:31 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 306/609] [socket] Devirtualize socket abstraction layer
 (#14398)

---
 esphome/components/api/api_server.h           |    2 +-
 .../captive_portal/dns_server_esp32_idf.h     |    2 +-
 esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.h  |    2 +-
 .../components/socket/bsd_sockets_impl.cpp    |  172 +--
 esphome/components/socket/bsd_sockets_impl.h  |  114 ++
 esphome/components/socket/headers.h           |   17 +
 .../components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp   | 1150 ++++++++---------
 esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.h |  200 +++
 .../components/socket/lwip_sockets_impl.cpp   |  139 +-
 esphome/components/socket/lwip_sockets_impl.h |   80 ++
 esphome/components/socket/socket.cpp          |   32 +-
 esphome/components/socket/socket.h            |  110 +-
 esphome/core/application.h                    |    9 +-
 13 files changed, 1153 insertions(+), 876 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/socket/bsd_sockets_impl.h
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.h
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/socket/lwip_sockets_impl.h

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_server.h b/esphome/components/api/api_server.h
index 3abf68358c..6eff2005f8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_server.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_server.h
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ class APIServer : public Component,
   }
   void socket_failed_(const LogString *msg);
   // Pointers and pointer-like types first (4 bytes each)
-  socket::Socket *socket_{nullptr};
+  socket::ListenSocket *socket_{nullptr};
 #ifdef USE_API_CLIENT_CONNECTED_TRIGGER
   Trigger<std::string, std::string> client_connected_trigger_;
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/captive_portal/dns_server_esp32_idf.h b/esphome/components/captive_portal/dns_server_esp32_idf.h
index f8e4cfec84..b30856c204 100644
--- a/esphome/components/captive_portal/dns_server_esp32_idf.h
+++ b/esphome/components/captive_portal/dns_server_esp32_idf.h
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class DNSServer {
   }
   static constexpr size_t DNS_BUFFER_SIZE = 192;
 
-  socket::Socket *socket_{nullptr};
+  socket::ListenSocket *socket_{nullptr};
   network::IPAddress server_ip_;
   uint8_t buffer_[DNS_BUFFER_SIZE];
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.h b/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.h
index 53715cfe6a..08edacad92 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.h
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ class ESPHomeOTAComponent final : public ota::OTAComponent {
   std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> auth_buf_;
 #endif  // USE_OTA_PASSWORD
 
-  socket::Socket *server_{nullptr};
+  socket::ListenSocket *server_{nullptr};
   std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> client_;
   std::unique_ptr<ota::OTABackend> backend_;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/bsd_sockets_impl.cpp b/esphome/components/socket/bsd_sockets_impl.cpp
index c96713f376..92ecfc692b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/bsd_sockets_impl.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/bsd_sockets_impl.cpp
@@ -1,135 +1,81 @@
-#include "socket.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "socket.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS
 
 #include <cstring>
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-#include <esp_idf_version.h>
-#include <lwip/sockets.h>
-#endif
-
 namespace esphome::socket {
 
-class BSDSocketImpl final : public Socket {
- public:
-  BSDSocketImpl(int fd, bool monitor_loop = false) {
-    this->fd_ = fd;
-    // Register new socket with the application for select() if monitoring requested
-    if (monitor_loop && this->fd_ >= 0) {
-      // Only set loop_monitored_ to true if registration succeeds
-      this->loop_monitored_ = App.register_socket_fd(this->fd_);
-    }
-  }
-  ~BSDSocketImpl() override {
-    if (!this->closed_) {
-      this->close();  // NOLINT(clang-analyzer-optin.cplusplus.VirtualCall)
-    }
-  }
-  int connect(const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen) override { return ::connect(this->fd_, addr, addrlen); }
-  std::unique_ptr<Socket> accept(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen) override {
-    int fd = ::accept(this->fd_, addr, addrlen);
-    if (fd == -1)
-      return {};
-    return make_unique<BSDSocketImpl>(fd, false);
-  }
-  std::unique_ptr<Socket> accept_loop_monitored(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen) override {
-    int fd = ::accept(this->fd_, addr, addrlen);
-    if (fd == -1)
-      return {};
-    return make_unique<BSDSocketImpl>(fd, true);
+BSDSocketImpl::BSDSocketImpl(int fd, bool monitor_loop) {
+  this->fd_ = fd;
+  // Register new socket with the application for select() if monitoring requested
+  if (monitor_loop && this->fd_ >= 0) {
+    // Only set loop_monitored_ to true if registration succeeds
+    this->loop_monitored_ = App.register_socket_fd(this->fd_);
   }
+}
 
-  int bind(const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen) override { return ::bind(this->fd_, addr, addrlen); }
-  int close() override {
-    if (!this->closed_) {
-      // Unregister from select() before closing if monitored
-      if (this->loop_monitored_) {
-        App.unregister_socket_fd(this->fd_);
-      }
-      int ret = ::close(this->fd_);
-      this->closed_ = true;
-      return ret;
+BSDSocketImpl::~BSDSocketImpl() {
+  if (!this->closed_) {
+    this->close();
+  }
+}
+
+int BSDSocketImpl::close() {
+  if (!this->closed_) {
+    // Unregister from select() before closing if monitored
+    if (this->loop_monitored_) {
+      App.unregister_socket_fd(this->fd_);
     }
+    int ret = ::close(this->fd_);
+    this->closed_ = true;
+    return ret;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int BSDSocketImpl::setblocking(bool blocking) {
+  int fl = ::fcntl(this->fd_, F_GETFL, 0);
+  if (blocking) {
+    fl &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
+  } else {
+    fl |= O_NONBLOCK;
+  }
+  ::fcntl(this->fd_, F_SETFL, fl);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+bool BSDSocketImpl::ready() const { return socket_ready_fd(this->fd_, this->loop_monitored_); }
+
+size_t BSDSocketImpl::getpeername_to(std::span<char, SOCKADDR_STR_LEN> buf) {
+  struct sockaddr_storage storage;
+  socklen_t len = sizeof(storage);
+  if (this->getpeername(reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&storage), &len) != 0) {
+    buf[0] = '\0';
     return 0;
   }
-  int shutdown(int how) override { return ::shutdown(this->fd_, how); }
+  return format_sockaddr_to(reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&storage), len, buf);
+}
 
-  int getpeername(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen) override {
-    return ::getpeername(this->fd_, addr, addrlen);
-  }
-  int getsockname(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen) override {
-    return ::getsockname(this->fd_, addr, addrlen);
-  }
-  int getsockopt(int level, int optname, void *optval, socklen_t *optlen) override {
-    return ::getsockopt(this->fd_, level, optname, optval, optlen);
-  }
-  int setsockopt(int level, int optname, const void *optval, socklen_t optlen) override {
-    return ::setsockopt(this->fd_, level, optname, optval, optlen);
-  }
-  int listen(int backlog) override { return ::listen(this->fd_, backlog); }
-  ssize_t read(void *buf, size_t len) override {
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-    return ::lwip_read(this->fd_, buf, len);
-#else
-    return ::read(this->fd_, buf, len);
-#endif
-  }
-  ssize_t recvfrom(void *buf, size_t len, sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addr_len) override {
-#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_HOST)
-    return ::recvfrom(this->fd_, buf, len, 0, addr, addr_len);
-#else
-    return ::lwip_recvfrom(this->fd_, buf, len, 0, addr, addr_len);
-#endif
-  }
-  ssize_t readv(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt) override {
-#if defined(USE_ESP32)
-    return ::lwip_readv(this->fd_, iov, iovcnt);
-#else
-    return ::readv(this->fd_, iov, iovcnt);
-#endif
-  }
-  ssize_t write(const void *buf, size_t len) override {
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-    return ::lwip_write(this->fd_, buf, len);
-#else
-    return ::write(this->fd_, buf, len);
-#endif
-  }
-  ssize_t send(void *buf, size_t len, int flags) { return ::send(this->fd_, buf, len, flags); }
-  ssize_t writev(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt) override {
-#if defined(USE_ESP32)
-    return ::lwip_writev(this->fd_, iov, iovcnt);
-#else
-    return ::writev(this->fd_, iov, iovcnt);
-#endif
-  }
-
-  ssize_t sendto(const void *buf, size_t len, int flags, const struct sockaddr *to, socklen_t tolen) override {
-    return ::sendto(this->fd_, buf, len, flags, to, tolen);  // NOLINT(readability-suspicious-call-argument)
-  }
-
-  int setblocking(bool blocking) override {
-    int fl = ::fcntl(this->fd_, F_GETFL, 0);
-    if (blocking) {
-      fl &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
-    } else {
-      fl |= O_NONBLOCK;
-    }
-    ::fcntl(this->fd_, F_SETFL, fl);
+size_t BSDSocketImpl::getsockname_to(std::span<char, SOCKADDR_STR_LEN> buf) {
+  struct sockaddr_storage storage;
+  socklen_t len = sizeof(storage);
+  if (this->getsockname(reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&storage), &len) != 0) {
+    buf[0] = '\0';
     return 0;
   }
-};
+  return format_sockaddr_to(reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&storage), len, buf);
+}
 
 // Helper to create a socket with optional monitoring
-static std::unique_ptr<Socket> create_socket(int domain, int type, int protocol, bool loop_monitored = false) {
+static std::unique_ptr<BSDSocketImpl> create_socket(int domain, int type, int protocol, bool loop_monitored = false) {
   int ret = ::socket(domain, type, protocol);
   if (ret == -1)
     return nullptr;
-  return std::unique_ptr<Socket>{new BSDSocketImpl(ret, loop_monitored)};
+  return make_unique<BSDSocketImpl>(ret, loop_monitored);
 }
 
 std::unique_ptr<Socket> socket(int domain, int type, int protocol) {
@@ -140,6 +86,14 @@ std::unique_ptr<Socket> socket_loop_monitored(int domain, int type, int protocol
   return create_socket(domain, type, protocol, true);
 }
 
+std::unique_ptr<ListenSocket> socket_listen(int domain, int type, int protocol) {
+  return create_socket(domain, type, protocol, false);
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<ListenSocket> socket_listen_loop_monitored(int domain, int type, int protocol) {
+  return create_socket(domain, type, protocol, true);
+}
+
 }  // namespace esphome::socket
 
 #endif  // USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/bsd_sockets_impl.h b/esphome/components/socket/bsd_sockets_impl.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..edee39f315
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/bsd_sockets_impl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <span>
+
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "headers.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#include <lwip/sockets.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace esphome::socket {
+
+class BSDSocketImpl {
+ public:
+  BSDSocketImpl(int fd, bool monitor_loop = false);
+  ~BSDSocketImpl();
+  BSDSocketImpl(const BSDSocketImpl &) = delete;
+  BSDSocketImpl &operator=(const BSDSocketImpl &) = delete;
+
+  int connect(const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen) { return ::connect(this->fd_, addr, addrlen); }
+  std::unique_ptr<BSDSocketImpl> accept(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen) {
+    int fd = ::accept(this->fd_, addr, addrlen);
+    if (fd == -1)
+      return {};
+    return make_unique<BSDSocketImpl>(fd, false);
+  }
+  std::unique_ptr<BSDSocketImpl> accept_loop_monitored(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen) {
+    int fd = ::accept(this->fd_, addr, addrlen);
+    if (fd == -1)
+      return {};
+    return make_unique<BSDSocketImpl>(fd, true);
+  }
+
+  int bind(const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen) { return ::bind(this->fd_, addr, addrlen); }
+  int close();
+  int shutdown(int how) { return ::shutdown(this->fd_, how); }
+
+  int getpeername(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen) { return ::getpeername(this->fd_, addr, addrlen); }
+  int getsockname(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen) { return ::getsockname(this->fd_, addr, addrlen); }
+
+  /// Format peer address into a fixed-size buffer (no heap allocation)
+  size_t getpeername_to(std::span<char, SOCKADDR_STR_LEN> buf);
+  /// Format local address into a fixed-size buffer (no heap allocation)
+  size_t getsockname_to(std::span<char, SOCKADDR_STR_LEN> buf);
+
+  int getsockopt(int level, int optname, void *optval, socklen_t *optlen) {
+    return ::getsockopt(this->fd_, level, optname, optval, optlen);
+  }
+  int setsockopt(int level, int optname, const void *optval, socklen_t optlen) {
+    return ::setsockopt(this->fd_, level, optname, optval, optlen);
+  }
+  int listen(int backlog) { return ::listen(this->fd_, backlog); }
+  ssize_t read(void *buf, size_t len) {
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+    return ::lwip_read(this->fd_, buf, len);
+#else
+    return ::read(this->fd_, buf, len);
+#endif
+  }
+  ssize_t recvfrom(void *buf, size_t len, sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addr_len) {
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_HOST)
+    return ::recvfrom(this->fd_, buf, len, 0, addr, addr_len);
+#else
+    return ::lwip_recvfrom(this->fd_, buf, len, 0, addr, addr_len);
+#endif
+  }
+  ssize_t readv(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt) {
+#if defined(USE_ESP32)
+    return ::lwip_readv(this->fd_, iov, iovcnt);
+#else
+    return ::readv(this->fd_, iov, iovcnt);
+#endif
+  }
+  ssize_t write(const void *buf, size_t len) {
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+    return ::lwip_write(this->fd_, buf, len);
+#else
+    return ::write(this->fd_, buf, len);
+#endif
+  }
+  ssize_t send(void *buf, size_t len, int flags) { return ::send(this->fd_, buf, len, flags); }
+  ssize_t writev(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt) {
+#if defined(USE_ESP32)
+    return ::lwip_writev(this->fd_, iov, iovcnt);
+#else
+    return ::writev(this->fd_, iov, iovcnt);
+#endif
+  }
+
+  ssize_t sendto(const void *buf, size_t len, int flags, const struct sockaddr *to, socklen_t tolen) {
+    return ::sendto(this->fd_, buf, len, flags, to, tolen);  // NOLINT(readability-suspicious-call-argument)
+  }
+
+  int setblocking(bool blocking);
+  int loop() { return 0; }
+
+  bool ready() const;
+
+  int get_fd() const { return this->fd_; }
+
+ protected:
+  int fd_{-1};
+  bool closed_{false};
+  bool loop_monitored_{false};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::socket
+
+#endif  // USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/headers.h b/esphome/components/socket/headers.h
index 032892072d..16e4d23d3b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/headers.h
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/headers.h
@@ -183,3 +183,20 @@ using socklen_t = uint32_t;
 #endif
 
 #endif  // USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS
+
+#if defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP) || defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS) || defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS)
+
+namespace esphome::socket {
+
+// Maximum length for formatted socket address string (IP address without port)
+// IPv4: "255.255.255.255" = 15 chars + null = 16
+// IPv6: full address = 45 chars + null = 46
+#if USE_NETWORK_IPV6
+static constexpr size_t SOCKADDR_STR_LEN = 46;  // INET6_ADDRSTRLEN
+#else
+static constexpr size_t SOCKADDR_STR_LEN = 16;  // INET_ADDRSTRLEN
+#endif
+
+}  // namespace esphome::socket
+
+#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp
index 6e95f5bc7a..6556979fe0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp
@@ -3,13 +3,8 @@
 
 #ifdef USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP
 
-#include "lwip/ip.h"
-#include "lwip/netif.h"
-#include "lwip/opt.h"
-#include "lwip/tcp.h"
 #include <cerrno>
 #include <cstring>
-#include <array>
 
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
@@ -56,628 +51,596 @@ static const char *const TAG = "socket.lwip";
 #define LWIP_LOG(msg, ...)
 #endif
 
-class LWIPRawImpl : public Socket {
- public:
-  LWIPRawImpl(sa_family_t family, struct tcp_pcb *pcb) : pcb_(pcb), family_(family) {}
-  ~LWIPRawImpl() override {
-    if (pcb_ != nullptr) {
-      LWIP_LOG("tcp_abort(%p)", pcb_);
-      tcp_abort(pcb_);
-      pcb_ = nullptr;
-    }
-  }
+// ---- LWIPRawCommon methods ----
 
-  void init() {
-    LWIP_LOG("init(%p)", pcb_);
-    tcp_arg(pcb_, this);
-    tcp_recv(pcb_, LWIPRawImpl::s_recv_fn);
-    tcp_err(pcb_, LWIPRawImpl::s_err_fn);
+LWIPRawCommon::~LWIPRawCommon() {
+  if (this->pcb_ != nullptr) {
+    LWIP_LOG("tcp_abort(%p)", this->pcb_);
+    tcp_abort(this->pcb_);
+    this->pcb_ = nullptr;
   }
+}
 
-  std::unique_ptr<Socket> accept(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen) override {
-    // Non-listening sockets return error
+int LWIPRawCommon::bind(const struct sockaddr *name, socklen_t addrlen) {
+  if (this->pcb_ == nullptr) {
+    errno = EBADF;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  if (name == nullptr) {
     errno = EINVAL;
-    return nullptr;
+    return 0;
   }
-  int bind(const struct sockaddr *name, socklen_t addrlen) final {
-    if (pcb_ == nullptr) {
-      errno = EBADF;
-      return -1;
-    }
-    if (name == nullptr) {
-      errno = EINVAL;
-      return 0;
-    }
-    ip_addr_t ip;
-    in_port_t port;
+  ip_addr_t ip;
+  in_port_t port;
 #if LWIP_IPV6
-    if (family_ == AF_INET) {
-      if (addrlen < sizeof(sockaddr_in)) {
-        errno = EINVAL;
-        return -1;
-      }
-      auto *addr4 = reinterpret_cast<const sockaddr_in *>(name);
-      port = ntohs(addr4->sin_port);
-      ip.type = IPADDR_TYPE_V4;
-      ip.u_addr.ip4.addr = addr4->sin_addr.s_addr;
-      LWIP_LOG("tcp_bind(%p ip=%s port=%u)", pcb_, ip4addr_ntoa(&ip.u_addr.ip4), port);
-    } else if (family_ == AF_INET6) {
-      if (addrlen < sizeof(sockaddr_in6)) {
-        errno = EINVAL;
-        return -1;
-      }
-      auto *addr6 = reinterpret_cast<const sockaddr_in6 *>(name);
-      port = ntohs(addr6->sin6_port);
-      ip.type = IPADDR_TYPE_ANY;
-      memcpy(&ip.u_addr.ip6.addr, &addr6->sin6_addr.un.u8_addr, 16);
-      LWIP_LOG("tcp_bind(%p ip=%s port=%u)", pcb_, ip6addr_ntoa(&ip.u_addr.ip6), port);
-    } else {
-      errno = EINVAL;
-      return -1;
-    }
-#else
-    if (family_ != AF_INET) {
+  if (this->family_ == AF_INET) {
+    if (addrlen < sizeof(sockaddr_in)) {
       errno = EINVAL;
       return -1;
     }
     auto *addr4 = reinterpret_cast<const sockaddr_in *>(name);
     port = ntohs(addr4->sin_port);
-    ip.addr = addr4->sin_addr.s_addr;
-    LWIP_LOG("tcp_bind(%p ip=%u port=%u)", pcb_, ip.addr, port);
+    ip.type = IPADDR_TYPE_V4;
+    ip.u_addr.ip4.addr = addr4->sin_addr.s_addr;
+    LWIP_LOG("tcp_bind(%p ip=%s port=%u)", this->pcb_, ip4addr_ntoa(&ip.u_addr.ip4), port);
+  } else if (this->family_ == AF_INET6) {
+    if (addrlen < sizeof(sockaddr_in6)) {
+      errno = EINVAL;
+      return -1;
+    }
+    auto *addr6 = reinterpret_cast<const sockaddr_in6 *>(name);
+    port = ntohs(addr6->sin6_port);
+    ip.type = IPADDR_TYPE_ANY;
+    memcpy(&ip.u_addr.ip6.addr, &addr6->sin6_addr.un.u8_addr, 16);
+    LWIP_LOG("tcp_bind(%p ip=%s port=%u)", this->pcb_, ip6addr_ntoa(&ip.u_addr.ip6), port);
+  } else {
+    errno = EINVAL;
+    return -1;
+  }
+#else
+  if (this->family_ != AF_INET) {
+    errno = EINVAL;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  auto *addr4 = reinterpret_cast<const sockaddr_in *>(name);
+  port = ntohs(addr4->sin_port);
+  ip.addr = addr4->sin_addr.s_addr;
+  LWIP_LOG("tcp_bind(%p ip=%u port=%u)", this->pcb_, ip.addr, port);
 #endif
-    err_t err = tcp_bind(pcb_, &ip, port);
-    if (err == ERR_USE) {
-      LWIP_LOG("  -> err ERR_USE");
-      errno = EADDRINUSE;
-      return -1;
-    }
-    if (err == ERR_VAL) {
-      LWIP_LOG("  -> err ERR_VAL");
+  err_t err = tcp_bind(this->pcb_, &ip, port);
+  if (err == ERR_USE) {
+    LWIP_LOG("  -> err ERR_USE");
+    errno = EADDRINUSE;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  if (err == ERR_VAL) {
+    LWIP_LOG("  -> err ERR_VAL");
+    errno = EINVAL;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  if (err != ERR_OK) {
+    LWIP_LOG("  -> err %d", err);
+    errno = EIO;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int LWIPRawCommon::close() {
+  if (this->pcb_ == nullptr) {
+    errno = ECONNRESET;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  LWIP_LOG("tcp_close(%p)", this->pcb_);
+  err_t err = tcp_close(this->pcb_);
+  if (err != ERR_OK) {
+    LWIP_LOG("  -> err %d", err);
+    tcp_abort(this->pcb_);
+    this->pcb_ = nullptr;
+    errno = err == ERR_MEM ? ENOMEM : EIO;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  this->pcb_ = nullptr;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int LWIPRawCommon::shutdown(int how) {
+  if (this->pcb_ == nullptr) {
+    errno = ECONNRESET;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  bool shut_rx = false, shut_tx = false;
+  if (how == SHUT_RD) {
+    shut_rx = true;
+  } else if (how == SHUT_WR) {
+    shut_tx = true;
+  } else if (how == SHUT_RDWR) {
+    shut_rx = shut_tx = true;
+  } else {
+    errno = EINVAL;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  LWIP_LOG("tcp_shutdown(%p shut_rx=%d shut_tx=%d)", this->pcb_, shut_rx ? 1 : 0, shut_tx ? 1 : 0);
+  err_t err = tcp_shutdown(this->pcb_, shut_rx, shut_tx);
+  if (err != ERR_OK) {
+    LWIP_LOG("  -> err %d", err);
+    errno = err == ERR_MEM ? ENOMEM : EIO;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int LWIPRawCommon::getpeername(struct sockaddr *name, socklen_t *addrlen) {
+  if (this->pcb_ == nullptr) {
+    errno = ECONNRESET;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  if (name == nullptr || addrlen == nullptr) {
+    errno = EINVAL;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  return this->ip2sockaddr_(&this->pcb_->remote_ip, this->pcb_->remote_port, name, addrlen);
+}
+
+int LWIPRawCommon::getsockname(struct sockaddr *name, socklen_t *addrlen) {
+  if (this->pcb_ == nullptr) {
+    errno = ECONNRESET;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  if (name == nullptr || addrlen == nullptr) {
+    errno = EINVAL;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  return this->ip2sockaddr_(&this->pcb_->local_ip, this->pcb_->local_port, name, addrlen);
+}
+
+size_t LWIPRawCommon::getpeername_to(std::span<char, SOCKADDR_STR_LEN> buf) {
+  struct sockaddr_storage storage;
+  socklen_t len = sizeof(storage);
+  if (this->getpeername(reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&storage), &len) != 0) {
+    buf[0] = '\0';
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return format_sockaddr_to(reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&storage), len, buf);
+}
+
+size_t LWIPRawCommon::getsockname_to(std::span<char, SOCKADDR_STR_LEN> buf) {
+  struct sockaddr_storage storage;
+  socklen_t len = sizeof(storage);
+  if (this->getsockname(reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&storage), &len) != 0) {
+    buf[0] = '\0';
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return format_sockaddr_to(reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&storage), len, buf);
+}
+
+int LWIPRawCommon::getsockopt(int level, int optname, void *optval, socklen_t *optlen) {
+  if (this->pcb_ == nullptr) {
+    errno = ECONNRESET;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  if (optlen == nullptr || optval == nullptr) {
+    errno = EINVAL;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  if (level == SOL_SOCKET && optname == SO_REUSEADDR) {
+    if (*optlen < 4) {
       errno = EINVAL;
       return -1;
     }
-    if (err != ERR_OK) {
-      LWIP_LOG("  -> err %d", err);
-      errno = EIO;
-      return -1;
-    }
+    // lwip doesn't seem to have this feature. Don't send an error
+    // to prevent warnings
+    *reinterpret_cast<int *>(optval) = 1;
+    *optlen = 4;
     return 0;
   }
-  int close() final {
-    if (pcb_ == nullptr) {
-      errno = ECONNRESET;
+  if (level == IPPROTO_TCP && optname == TCP_NODELAY) {
+    if (*optlen < 4) {
+      errno = EINVAL;
       return -1;
     }
-    LWIP_LOG("tcp_close(%p)", pcb_);
-    err_t err = tcp_close(pcb_);
-    if (err != ERR_OK) {
-      LWIP_LOG("  -> err %d", err);
-      tcp_abort(pcb_);
-      pcb_ = nullptr;
-      errno = err == ERR_MEM ? ENOMEM : EIO;
-      return -1;
-    }
-    pcb_ = nullptr;
+    *reinterpret_cast<int *>(optval) = this->nodelay_;
+    *optlen = 4;
     return 0;
   }
-  int shutdown(int how) final {
-    if (pcb_ == nullptr) {
-      errno = ECONNRESET;
+
+  errno = EINVAL;
+  return -1;
+}
+
+int LWIPRawCommon::setsockopt(int level, int optname, const void *optval, socklen_t optlen) {
+  if (this->pcb_ == nullptr) {
+    errno = ECONNRESET;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  if (level == SOL_SOCKET && optname == SO_REUSEADDR) {
+    if (optlen != 4) {
+      errno = EINVAL;
       return -1;
     }
-    bool shut_rx = false, shut_tx = false;
-    if (how == SHUT_RD) {
-      shut_rx = true;
-    } else if (how == SHUT_WR) {
-      shut_tx = true;
-    } else if (how == SHUT_RDWR) {
-      shut_rx = shut_tx = true;
+    // lwip doesn't seem to have this feature. Don't send an error
+    // to prevent warnings
+    return 0;
+  }
+  if (level == IPPROTO_TCP && optname == TCP_NODELAY) {
+    if (optlen != 4) {
+      errno = EINVAL;
+      return -1;
+    }
+    int val = *reinterpret_cast<const int *>(optval);
+    this->nodelay_ = val;
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  errno = EINVAL;
+  return -1;
+}
+
+int LWIPRawCommon::ip2sockaddr_(ip_addr_t *ip, uint16_t port, struct sockaddr *name, socklen_t *addrlen) {
+  if (this->family_ == AF_INET) {
+    if (*addrlen < sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) {
+      errno = EINVAL;
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+    struct sockaddr_in *addr = reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr_in *>(name);
+    addr->sin_family = AF_INET;
+    *addrlen = addr->sin_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
+    addr->sin_port = port;
+    inet_addr_from_ip4addr(&addr->sin_addr, ip_2_ip4(ip));
+    return 0;
+  }
+#if LWIP_IPV6
+  else if (this->family_ == AF_INET6) {
+    if (*addrlen < sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6)) {
+      errno = EINVAL;
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+    struct sockaddr_in6 *addr = reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr_in6 *>(name);
+    addr->sin6_family = AF_INET6;
+    *addrlen = addr->sin6_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
+    addr->sin6_port = port;
+
+    // AF_INET6 sockets are bound to IPv4 as well, so we may encounter IPv4 addresses that must be converted to IPv6.
+    if (IP_IS_V4(ip)) {
+      ip_addr_t mapped;
+      ip4_2_ipv4_mapped_ipv6(ip_2_ip6(&mapped), ip_2_ip4(ip));
+      inet6_addr_from_ip6addr(&addr->sin6_addr, ip_2_ip6(&mapped));
     } else {
-      errno = EINVAL;
-      return -1;
-    }
-    LWIP_LOG("tcp_shutdown(%p shut_rx=%d shut_tx=%d)", pcb_, shut_rx ? 1 : 0, shut_tx ? 1 : 0);
-    err_t err = tcp_shutdown(pcb_, shut_rx, shut_tx);
-    if (err != ERR_OK) {
-      LWIP_LOG("  -> err %d", err);
-      errno = err == ERR_MEM ? ENOMEM : EIO;
-      return -1;
+      inet6_addr_from_ip6addr(&addr->sin6_addr, ip_2_ip6(ip));
     }
     return 0;
   }
+#endif
+  return -1;
+}
 
-  int getpeername(struct sockaddr *name, socklen_t *addrlen) final {
-    if (pcb_ == nullptr) {
-      errno = ECONNRESET;
-      return -1;
-    }
-    if (name == nullptr || addrlen == nullptr) {
-      errno = EINVAL;
-      return -1;
-    }
-    return this->ip2sockaddr_(&pcb_->remote_ip, pcb_->remote_port, name, addrlen);
+// ---- LWIPRawImpl methods ----
+
+LWIPRawImpl::~LWIPRawImpl() {
+  // Base class destructor handles pcb_ cleanup via tcp_abort
+}
+
+void LWIPRawImpl::init() {
+  LWIP_LOG("init(%p)", this->pcb_);
+  tcp_arg(this->pcb_, this);
+  tcp_recv(this->pcb_, LWIPRawImpl::s_recv_fn);
+  tcp_err(this->pcb_, LWIPRawImpl::s_err_fn);
+}
+
+void LWIPRawImpl::s_err_fn(void *arg, err_t err) {
+  // "If a connection is aborted because of an error, the application is alerted of this event by
+  // the err callback."
+  // pcb is already freed when this callback is called
+  // ERR_RST: connection was reset by remote host
+  // ERR_ABRT: aborted through tcp_abort or TCP timer
+  auto *arg_this = reinterpret_cast<LWIPRawImpl *>(arg);
+  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "socket %p: err(err=%d)", arg_this, err);
+  arg_this->pcb_ = nullptr;
+}
+
+err_t LWIPRawImpl::s_recv_fn(void *arg, struct tcp_pcb *pcb, struct pbuf *pb, err_t err) {
+  auto *arg_this = reinterpret_cast<LWIPRawImpl *>(arg);
+  return arg_this->recv_fn(pb, err);
+}
+
+err_t LWIPRawImpl::recv_fn(struct pbuf *pb, err_t err) {
+  LWIP_LOG("recv(pb=%p err=%d)", pb, err);
+  if (err != 0) {
+    // "An error code if there has been an error receiving Only return ERR_ABRT if you have
+    // called tcp_abort from within the callback function!"
+    this->rx_closed_ = true;
+    return ERR_OK;
   }
-  int getsockname(struct sockaddr *name, socklen_t *addrlen) final {
-    if (pcb_ == nullptr) {
-      errno = ECONNRESET;
-      return -1;
-    }
-    if (name == nullptr || addrlen == nullptr) {
-      errno = EINVAL;
-      return -1;
-    }
-    return this->ip2sockaddr_(&pcb_->local_ip, pcb_->local_port, name, addrlen);
+  if (pb == nullptr) {
+    this->rx_closed_ = true;
+    return ERR_OK;
   }
-  int getsockopt(int level, int optname, void *optval, socklen_t *optlen) final {
-    if (pcb_ == nullptr) {
-      errno = ECONNRESET;
-      return -1;
-    }
-    if (optlen == nullptr || optval == nullptr) {
-      errno = EINVAL;
-      return -1;
-    }
-    if (level == SOL_SOCKET && optname == SO_REUSEADDR) {
-      if (*optlen < 4) {
-        errno = EINVAL;
-        return -1;
-      }
+  if (this->rx_buf_ == nullptr) {
+    // no need to copy because lwIP gave control of it to us
+    this->rx_buf_ = pb;
+    this->rx_buf_offset_ = 0;
+  } else {
+    pbuf_cat(this->rx_buf_, pb);
+  }
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+  // Wake the main loop immediately so it can process the received data.
+  socket_wake();
+#endif
+  return ERR_OK;
+}
 
-      // lwip doesn't seem to have this feature. Don't send an error
-      // to prevent warnings
-      *reinterpret_cast<int *>(optval) = 1;
-      *optlen = 4;
-      return 0;
-    }
-    if (level == IPPROTO_TCP && optname == TCP_NODELAY) {
-      if (*optlen < 4) {
-        errno = EINVAL;
-        return -1;
-      }
-      *reinterpret_cast<int *>(optval) = nodelay_;
-      *optlen = 4;
-      return 0;
-    }
-
-    errno = EINVAL;
+ssize_t LWIPRawImpl::read(void *buf, size_t len) {
+  if (this->pcb_ == nullptr) {
+    errno = ECONNRESET;
     return -1;
   }
-  int setsockopt(int level, int optname, const void *optval, socklen_t optlen) final {
-    if (pcb_ == nullptr) {
-      errno = ECONNRESET;
-      return -1;
-    }
-    if (level == SOL_SOCKET && optname == SO_REUSEADDR) {
-      if (optlen != 4) {
-        errno = EINVAL;
-        return -1;
-      }
-
-      // lwip doesn't seem to have this feature. Don't send an error
-      // to prevent warnings
-      return 0;
-    }
-    if (level == IPPROTO_TCP && optname == TCP_NODELAY) {
-      if (optlen != 4) {
-        errno = EINVAL;
-        return -1;
-      }
-      int val = *reinterpret_cast<const int *>(optval);
-      nodelay_ = val;
-      return 0;
-    }
-
-    errno = EINVAL;
+  if (this->rx_closed_ && this->rx_buf_ == nullptr) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  if (len == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  if (this->rx_buf_ == nullptr) {
+    errno = EWOULDBLOCK;
     return -1;
   }
-  int listen(int backlog) override {
-    // Regular sockets can't be converted to listening - this shouldn't happen
-    // as listen() should only be called on sockets created for listening
+
+  size_t read = 0;
+  uint8_t *buf8 = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(buf);
+  while (len && this->rx_buf_ != nullptr) {
+    size_t pb_len = this->rx_buf_->len;
+    size_t pb_left = pb_len - this->rx_buf_offset_;
+    if (pb_left == 0)
+      break;
+    size_t copysize = std::min(len, pb_left);
+    memcpy(buf8, reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(this->rx_buf_->payload) + this->rx_buf_offset_, copysize);
+
+    if (pb_left == copysize) {
+      // full pb copied, free it
+      if (this->rx_buf_->next == nullptr) {
+        // last buffer in chain
+        pbuf_free(this->rx_buf_);
+        this->rx_buf_ = nullptr;
+        this->rx_buf_offset_ = 0;
+      } else {
+        auto *old_buf = this->rx_buf_;
+        this->rx_buf_ = this->rx_buf_->next;
+        pbuf_ref(this->rx_buf_);
+        pbuf_free(old_buf);
+        this->rx_buf_offset_ = 0;
+      }
+    } else {
+      this->rx_buf_offset_ += copysize;
+    }
+    LWIP_LOG("tcp_recved(%p %u)", this->pcb_, copysize);
+    tcp_recved(this->pcb_, copysize);
+
+    buf8 += copysize;
+    len -= copysize;
+    read += copysize;
+  }
+
+  if (read == 0) {
+    errno = EWOULDBLOCK;
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  return read;
+}
+
+ssize_t LWIPRawImpl::readv(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt) {
+  ssize_t ret = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
+    ssize_t err = this->read(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base), iov[i].iov_len);
+    if (err == -1) {
+      if (ret != 0) {
+        // if we already read some don't return an error
+        break;
+      }
+      return err;
+    }
+    ret += err;
+    if ((size_t) err != iov[i].iov_len)
+      break;
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+ssize_t LWIPRawImpl::internal_write_(const void *buf, size_t len) {
+  if (this->pcb_ == nullptr) {
+    errno = ECONNRESET;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  if (len == 0)
+    return 0;
+  if (buf == nullptr) {
+    errno = EINVAL;
+    return 0;
+  }
+  auto space = tcp_sndbuf(this->pcb_);
+  if (space == 0) {
+    errno = EWOULDBLOCK;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  size_t to_send = std::min((size_t) space, len);
+  LWIP_LOG("tcp_write(%p buf=%p %u)", this->pcb_, buf, to_send);
+  err_t err = tcp_write(this->pcb_, buf, to_send, TCP_WRITE_FLAG_COPY);
+  if (err == ERR_MEM) {
+    LWIP_LOG("  -> err ERR_MEM");
+    errno = EWOULDBLOCK;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  if (err != ERR_OK) {
+    LWIP_LOG("  -> err %d", err);
+    errno = ECONNRESET;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  return to_send;
+}
+
+int LWIPRawImpl::internal_output_() {
+  LWIP_LOG("tcp_output(%p)", this->pcb_);
+  err_t err = tcp_output(this->pcb_);
+  if (err == ERR_ABRT) {
+    // sometimes lwip returns ERR_ABRT for no apparent reason
+    // the connection works fine afterwards, and back with ESPAsyncTCP we
+    // indirectly also ignored this error
+    // FIXME: figure out where this is returned and what it means in this context
+    LWIP_LOG("  -> err ERR_ABRT");
+    return 0;
+  }
+  if (err != ERR_OK) {
+    LWIP_LOG("  -> err %d", err);
+    errno = ECONNRESET;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+ssize_t LWIPRawImpl::write(const void *buf, size_t len) {
+  ssize_t written = this->internal_write_(buf, len);
+  if (written == -1)
+    return -1;
+  if (written == 0) {
+    // no need to output if nothing written
+    return 0;
+  }
+  if (this->nodelay_) {
+    int err = this->internal_output_();
+    if (err == -1)
+      return -1;
+  }
+  return written;
+}
+
+ssize_t LWIPRawImpl::writev(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt) {
+  ssize_t written = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
+    ssize_t err = this->internal_write_(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base), iov[i].iov_len);
+    if (err == -1) {
+      if (written != 0) {
+        // if we already read some don't return an error
+        break;
+      }
+      return err;
+    }
+    written += err;
+    if ((size_t) err != iov[i].iov_len)
+      break;
+  }
+  if (written == 0) {
+    // no need to output if nothing written
+    return 0;
+  }
+  if (this->nodelay_) {
+    int err = this->internal_output_();
+    if (err == -1)
+      return -1;
+  }
+  return written;
+}
+
+// ---- LWIPRawListenImpl methods ----
+
+LWIPRawListenImpl::~LWIPRawListenImpl() {
+  // Base class destructor handles pcb_ cleanup via tcp_abort
+}
+
+void LWIPRawListenImpl::init() {
+  LWIP_LOG("init(%p)", this->pcb_);
+  tcp_arg(this->pcb_, this);
+  tcp_accept(this->pcb_, LWIPRawListenImpl::s_accept_fn);
+  tcp_err(this->pcb_, LWIPRawListenImpl::s_err_fn);
+}
+
+void LWIPRawListenImpl::s_err_fn(void *arg, err_t err) {
+  auto *arg_this = reinterpret_cast<LWIPRawListenImpl *>(arg);
+  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "socket %p: err(err=%d)", arg_this, err);
+  arg_this->pcb_ = nullptr;
+}
+
+err_t LWIPRawListenImpl::s_accept_fn(void *arg, struct tcp_pcb *newpcb, err_t err) {
+  auto *arg_this = reinterpret_cast<LWIPRawListenImpl *>(arg);
+  return arg_this->accept_fn_(newpcb, err);
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<LWIPRawImpl> LWIPRawListenImpl::accept(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen) {
+  if (this->pcb_ == nullptr) {
+    errno = EBADF;
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  if (this->accepted_socket_count_ == 0) {
+    errno = EWOULDBLOCK;
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  // Take from front for FIFO ordering
+  std::unique_ptr<LWIPRawImpl> sock = std::move(this->accepted_sockets_[0]);
+  // Shift remaining sockets forward
+  for (uint8_t i = 1; i < this->accepted_socket_count_; i++) {
+    this->accepted_sockets_[i - 1] = std::move(this->accepted_sockets_[i]);
+  }
+  this->accepted_socket_count_--;
+  LWIP_LOG("Connection accepted by application, queue size: %d", this->accepted_socket_count_);
+  if (addr != nullptr) {
+    sock->getpeername(addr, addrlen);
+  }
+  LWIP_LOG("accept(%p)", sock.get());
+  return sock;
+}
+
+int LWIPRawListenImpl::listen(int backlog) {
+  if (this->pcb_ == nullptr) {
+    errno = EBADF;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  LWIP_LOG("tcp_listen_with_backlog(%p backlog=%d)", this->pcb_, backlog);
+  struct tcp_pcb *listen_pcb = tcp_listen_with_backlog(this->pcb_, backlog);
+  if (listen_pcb == nullptr) {
+    tcp_abort(this->pcb_);
+    this->pcb_ = nullptr;
     errno = EOPNOTSUPP;
     return -1;
   }
-  ssize_t read(void *buf, size_t len) final {
-    if (pcb_ == nullptr) {
-      errno = ECONNRESET;
-      return -1;
-    }
-    if (rx_closed_ && rx_buf_ == nullptr) {
-      return 0;
-    }
-    if (len == 0) {
-      return 0;
-    }
-    if (rx_buf_ == nullptr) {
-      errno = EWOULDBLOCK;
-      return -1;
-    }
+  // tcp_listen reallocates the pcb, replace ours
+  this->pcb_ = listen_pcb;
+  // set callbacks on new pcb
+  LWIP_LOG("tcp_arg(%p)", this->pcb_);
+  tcp_arg(this->pcb_, this);
+  tcp_accept(this->pcb_, LWIPRawListenImpl::s_accept_fn);
+  return 0;
+}
 
-    size_t read = 0;
-    uint8_t *buf8 = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(buf);
-    while (len && rx_buf_ != nullptr) {
-      size_t pb_len = rx_buf_->len;
-      size_t pb_left = pb_len - rx_buf_offset_;
-      if (pb_left == 0)
-        break;
-      size_t copysize = std::min(len, pb_left);
-      memcpy(buf8, reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(rx_buf_->payload) + rx_buf_offset_, copysize);
-
-      if (pb_left == copysize) {
-        // full pb copied, free it
-        if (rx_buf_->next == nullptr) {
-          // last buffer in chain
-          pbuf_free(rx_buf_);
-          rx_buf_ = nullptr;
-          rx_buf_offset_ = 0;
-        } else {
-          auto *old_buf = rx_buf_;
-          rx_buf_ = rx_buf_->next;
-          pbuf_ref(rx_buf_);
-          pbuf_free(old_buf);
-          rx_buf_offset_ = 0;
-        }
-      } else {
-        rx_buf_offset_ += copysize;
-      }
-      LWIP_LOG("tcp_recved(%p %u)", pcb_, copysize);
-      tcp_recved(pcb_, copysize);
-
-      buf8 += copysize;
-      len -= copysize;
-      read += copysize;
-    }
-
-    if (read == 0) {
-      errno = EWOULDBLOCK;
-      return -1;
-    }
-
-    return read;
-  }
-  ssize_t readv(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt) final {
-    ssize_t ret = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
-      ssize_t err = read(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base), iov[i].iov_len);
-      if (err == -1) {
-        if (ret != 0) {
-          // if we already read some don't return an error
-          break;
-        }
-        return err;
-      }
-      ret += err;
-      if ((size_t) err != iov[i].iov_len)
-        break;
-    }
-    return ret;
-  }
-
-  ssize_t recvfrom(void *buf, size_t len, sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addr_len) final {
-    errno = ENOTSUP;
-    return -1;
-  }
-
-  ssize_t internal_write(const void *buf, size_t len) {
-    if (pcb_ == nullptr) {
-      errno = ECONNRESET;
-      return -1;
-    }
-    if (len == 0)
-      return 0;
-    if (buf == nullptr) {
-      errno = EINVAL;
-      return 0;
-    }
-    auto space = tcp_sndbuf(pcb_);
-    if (space == 0) {
-      errno = EWOULDBLOCK;
-      return -1;
-    }
-    size_t to_send = std::min((size_t) space, len);
-    LWIP_LOG("tcp_write(%p buf=%p %u)", pcb_, buf, to_send);
-    err_t err = tcp_write(pcb_, buf, to_send, TCP_WRITE_FLAG_COPY);
-    if (err == ERR_MEM) {
-      LWIP_LOG("  -> err ERR_MEM");
-      errno = EWOULDBLOCK;
-      return -1;
-    }
-    if (err != ERR_OK) {
-      LWIP_LOG("  -> err %d", err);
-      errno = ECONNRESET;
-      return -1;
-    }
-    return to_send;
-  }
-  int internal_output() {
-    LWIP_LOG("tcp_output(%p)", pcb_);
-    err_t err = tcp_output(pcb_);
-    if (err == ERR_ABRT) {
-      LWIP_LOG("  -> err ERR_ABRT");
-      // sometimes lwip returns ERR_ABRT for no apparent reason
-      // the connection works fine afterwards, and back with ESPAsyncTCP we
-      // indirectly also ignored this error
-      // FIXME: figure out where this is returned and what it means in this context
-      return 0;
-    }
-    if (err != ERR_OK) {
-      LWIP_LOG("  -> err %d", err);
-      errno = ECONNRESET;
-      return -1;
-    }
-    return 0;
-  }
-  ssize_t write(const void *buf, size_t len) final {
-    ssize_t written = internal_write(buf, len);
-    if (written == -1)
-      return -1;
-    if (written == 0) {
-      // no need to output if nothing written
-      return 0;
-    }
-    if (nodelay_) {
-      int err = internal_output();
-      if (err == -1)
-        return -1;
-    }
-    return written;
-  }
-  ssize_t writev(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt) final {
-    ssize_t written = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
-      ssize_t err = internal_write(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base), iov[i].iov_len);
-      if (err == -1) {
-        if (written != 0) {
-          // if we already read some don't return an error
-          break;
-        }
-        return err;
-      }
-      written += err;
-      if ((size_t) err != iov[i].iov_len)
-        break;
-    }
-    if (written == 0) {
-      // no need to output if nothing written
-      return 0;
-    }
-    if (nodelay_) {
-      int err = internal_output();
-      if (err == -1)
-        return -1;
-    }
-    return written;
-  }
-  ssize_t sendto(const void *buf, size_t len, int flags, const struct sockaddr *to, socklen_t tolen) final {
-    // return ::sendto(fd_, buf, len, flags, to, tolen);
-    errno = ENOSYS;
-    return -1;
-  }
-  bool ready() const override { return this->rx_buf_ != nullptr || this->rx_closed_ || this->pcb_ == nullptr; }
-
-  int setblocking(bool blocking) final {
-    if (pcb_ == nullptr) {
-      errno = ECONNRESET;
-      return -1;
-    }
-    if (blocking) {
-      // blocking operation not supported
-      errno = EINVAL;
-      return -1;
-    }
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  void err_fn(err_t err) {
-    LWIP_LOG("err(err=%d)", err);
-    // "If a connection is aborted because of an error, the application is alerted of this event by
-    // the err callback."
-    // pcb is already freed when this callback is called
-    // ERR_RST: connection was reset by remote host
-    // ERR_ABRT: aborted through tcp_abort or TCP timer
-    pcb_ = nullptr;
-  }
-  err_t recv_fn(struct pbuf *pb, err_t err) {
-    LWIP_LOG("recv(pb=%p err=%d)", pb, err);
-    if (err != 0) {
-      // "An error code if there has been an error receiving Only return ERR_ABRT if you have
-      // called tcp_abort from within the callback function!"
-      rx_closed_ = true;
-      return ERR_OK;
-    }
-    if (pb == nullptr) {
-      rx_closed_ = true;
-      return ERR_OK;
-    }
-    if (rx_buf_ == nullptr) {
-      // no need to copy because lwIP gave control of it to us
-      rx_buf_ = pb;
-      rx_buf_offset_ = 0;
-    } else {
-      pbuf_cat(rx_buf_, pb);
-    }
-#ifdef USE_ESP8266
-    // Wake the main loop immediately so it can process the received data.
-    socket_wake();
-#endif
+err_t LWIPRawListenImpl::accept_fn_(struct tcp_pcb *newpcb, err_t err) {
+  LWIP_LOG("accept(newpcb=%p err=%d)", newpcb, err);
+  if (err != ERR_OK || newpcb == nullptr) {
+    // "An error code if there has been an error accepting. Only return ERR_ABRT if you have
+    // called tcp_abort from within the callback function!"
+    // https://www.nongnu.org/lwip/2_1_x/tcp_8h.html#a00517abce6856d6c82f0efebdafb734d
+    // nothing to do here, we just don't push it to the queue
     return ERR_OK;
   }
-
-  static void s_err_fn(void *arg, err_t err) {
-    LWIPRawImpl *arg_this = reinterpret_cast<LWIPRawImpl *>(arg);
-    arg_this->err_fn(err);
+  // Check if we've reached the maximum accept queue size
+  if (this->accepted_socket_count_ >= MAX_ACCEPTED_SOCKETS) {
+    LWIP_LOG("Rejecting connection, queue full (%d)", this->accepted_socket_count_);
+    // Abort the connection when queue is full
+    tcp_abort(newpcb);
+    // Must return ERR_ABRT since we called tcp_abort()
+    return ERR_ABRT;
   }
-
-  static err_t s_recv_fn(void *arg, struct tcp_pcb *pcb, struct pbuf *pb, err_t err) {
-    LWIPRawImpl *arg_this = reinterpret_cast<LWIPRawImpl *>(arg);
-    return arg_this->recv_fn(pb, err);
-  }
-
- protected:
-  int ip2sockaddr_(ip_addr_t *ip, uint16_t port, struct sockaddr *name, socklen_t *addrlen) {
-    if (family_ == AF_INET) {
-      if (*addrlen < sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) {
-        errno = EINVAL;
-        return -1;
-      }
-
-      struct sockaddr_in *addr = reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr_in *>(name);
-      addr->sin_family = AF_INET;
-      *addrlen = addr->sin_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
-      addr->sin_port = port;
-      inet_addr_from_ip4addr(&addr->sin_addr, ip_2_ip4(ip));
-      return 0;
-    }
-#if LWIP_IPV6
-    else if (family_ == AF_INET6) {
-      if (*addrlen < sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6)) {
-        errno = EINVAL;
-        return -1;
-      }
-
-      struct sockaddr_in6 *addr = reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr_in6 *>(name);
-      addr->sin6_family = AF_INET6;
-      *addrlen = addr->sin6_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
-      addr->sin6_port = port;
-
-      // AF_INET6 sockets are bound to IPv4 as well, so we may encounter IPv4 addresses that must be converted to IPv6.
-      if (IP_IS_V4(ip)) {
-        ip_addr_t mapped;
-        ip4_2_ipv4_mapped_ipv6(ip_2_ip6(&mapped), ip_2_ip4(ip));
-        inet6_addr_from_ip6addr(&addr->sin6_addr, ip_2_ip6(&mapped));
-      } else {
-        inet6_addr_from_ip6addr(&addr->sin6_addr, ip_2_ip6(ip));
-      }
-      return 0;
-    }
-#endif
-    return -1;
-  }
-
-  // Member ordering optimized to minimize padding on 32-bit systems
-  // Largest members first (4 bytes), then smaller members (1 byte each)
-  struct tcp_pcb *pcb_;
-  pbuf *rx_buf_ = nullptr;
-  size_t rx_buf_offset_ = 0;
-  bool rx_closed_ = false;
-  // don't use lwip nodelay flag, it sometimes causes reconnect
-  // instead use it for determining whether to call lwip_output
-  bool nodelay_ = false;
-  sa_family_t family_ = 0;
-};
-
-// Listening socket class - only allocates accept queue when needed (for bind+listen sockets)
-// This saves 16 bytes (12 bytes array + 1 byte count + 3 bytes padding) for regular connected sockets on ESP8266/RP2040
-class LWIPRawListenImpl final : public LWIPRawImpl {
- public:
-  LWIPRawListenImpl(sa_family_t family, struct tcp_pcb *pcb) : LWIPRawImpl(family, pcb) {}
-
-  void init() {
-    LWIP_LOG("init(%p)", pcb_);
-    tcp_arg(pcb_, this);
-    tcp_accept(pcb_, LWIPRawListenImpl::s_accept_fn);
-    tcp_err(pcb_, LWIPRawImpl::s_err_fn);  // Use base class error handler
-  }
-
-  bool ready() const override { return this->accepted_socket_count_ > 0; }
-
-  std::unique_ptr<Socket> accept(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen) override {
-    if (pcb_ == nullptr) {
-      errno = EBADF;
-      return nullptr;
-    }
-    if (accepted_socket_count_ == 0) {
-      errno = EWOULDBLOCK;
-      return nullptr;
-    }
-    // Take from front for FIFO ordering
-    std::unique_ptr<LWIPRawImpl> sock = std::move(accepted_sockets_[0]);
-    // Shift remaining sockets forward
-    for (uint8_t i = 1; i < accepted_socket_count_; i++) {
-      accepted_sockets_[i - 1] = std::move(accepted_sockets_[i]);
-    }
-    accepted_socket_count_--;
-    LWIP_LOG("Connection accepted by application, queue size: %d", accepted_socket_count_);
-    if (addr != nullptr) {
-      sock->getpeername(addr, addrlen);
-    }
-    LWIP_LOG("accept(%p)", sock.get());
-    return std::unique_ptr<Socket>(std::move(sock));
-  }
-
-  int listen(int backlog) override {
-    if (pcb_ == nullptr) {
-      errno = EBADF;
-      return -1;
-    }
-    LWIP_LOG("tcp_listen_with_backlog(%p backlog=%d)", pcb_, backlog);
-    struct tcp_pcb *listen_pcb = tcp_listen_with_backlog(pcb_, backlog);
-    if (listen_pcb == nullptr) {
-      tcp_abort(pcb_);
-      pcb_ = nullptr;
-      errno = EOPNOTSUPP;
-      return -1;
-    }
-    // tcp_listen reallocates the pcb, replace ours
-    pcb_ = listen_pcb;
-    // set callbacks on new pcb
-    LWIP_LOG("tcp_arg(%p)", pcb_);
-    tcp_arg(pcb_, this);
-    tcp_accept(pcb_, LWIPRawListenImpl::s_accept_fn);
-    return 0;
-  }
-
- private:
-  err_t accept_fn_(struct tcp_pcb *newpcb, err_t err) {
-    LWIP_LOG("accept(newpcb=%p err=%d)", newpcb, err);
-    if (err != ERR_OK || newpcb == nullptr) {
-      // "An error code if there has been an error accepting. Only return ERR_ABRT if you have
-      // called tcp_abort from within the callback function!"
-      // https://www.nongnu.org/lwip/2_1_x/tcp_8h.html#a00517abce6856d6c82f0efebdafb734d
-      // nothing to do here, we just don't push it to the queue
-      return ERR_OK;
-    }
-    // Check if we've reached the maximum accept queue size
-    if (accepted_socket_count_ >= MAX_ACCEPTED_SOCKETS) {
-      LWIP_LOG("Rejecting connection, queue full (%d)", accepted_socket_count_);
-      // Abort the connection when queue is full
-      tcp_abort(newpcb);
-      // Must return ERR_ABRT since we called tcp_abort()
-      return ERR_ABRT;
-    }
-    auto sock = make_unique<LWIPRawImpl>(family_, newpcb);
-    sock->init();
-    accepted_sockets_[accepted_socket_count_++] = std::move(sock);
-    LWIP_LOG("Accepted connection, queue size: %d", accepted_socket_count_);
+  auto sock = make_unique<LWIPRawImpl>(this->family_, newpcb);
+  sock->init();
+  this->accepted_sockets_[this->accepted_socket_count_++] = std::move(sock);
+  LWIP_LOG("Accepted connection, queue size: %d", this->accepted_socket_count_);
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266
-    // Wake the main loop immediately so it can accept the new connection.
-    socket_wake();
+  // Wake the main loop immediately so it can accept the new connection.
+  socket_wake();
 #endif
-    return ERR_OK;
-  }
+  return ERR_OK;
+}
 
-  static err_t s_accept_fn(void *arg, struct tcp_pcb *newpcb, err_t err) {
-    LWIPRawListenImpl *arg_this = reinterpret_cast<LWIPRawListenImpl *>(arg);
-    return arg_this->accept_fn_(newpcb, err);
-  }
-
-  // Accept queue - holds incoming connections briefly until the event loop calls accept()
-  // This is NOT a connection pool - just a temporary queue between LWIP callbacks and the main loop
-  // 3 slots is plenty since connections are pulled out quickly by the event loop
-  //
-  // Memory analysis: std::array<3> vs original std::queue implementation:
-  // - std::queue uses std::deque internally which on 32-bit systems needs:
-  //   24 bytes (deque object) + 32+ bytes (map array) + heap allocations
-  //   Total: ~56+ bytes minimum, plus heap fragmentation
-  // - std::array<3>: 12 bytes fixed (3 pointers × 4 bytes)
-  // Saves ~44+ bytes RAM per listening socket + avoids ALL heap allocations
-  // Used on ESP8266 and RP2040 (platforms using LWIP_TCP implementation)
-  //
-  // By using a separate listening socket class, regular connected sockets save
-  // 16 bytes (12 bytes array + 1 byte count + 3 bytes padding) of memory overhead on 32-bit systems
-  static constexpr size_t MAX_ACCEPTED_SOCKETS = 3;
-  std::array<std::unique_ptr<LWIPRawImpl>, MAX_ACCEPTED_SOCKETS> accepted_sockets_;
-  uint8_t accepted_socket_count_ = 0;  // Number of sockets currently in queue
-};
+// ---- Factory functions ----
 
 std::unique_ptr<Socket> socket(int domain, int type, int protocol) {
   if (type != SOCK_STREAM) {
@@ -688,9 +651,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<Socket> socket(int domain, int type, int protocol) {
   auto *pcb = tcp_new();
   if (pcb == nullptr)
     return nullptr;
-  // Create listening socket implementation since user sockets typically bind+listen
-  // Accepted connections are created directly as LWIPRawImpl in the accept callback
-  auto *sock = new LWIPRawListenImpl((sa_family_t) domain, pcb);  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+  auto *sock = new LWIPRawImpl((sa_family_t) domain, pcb);  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
   sock->init();
   return std::unique_ptr<Socket>{sock};
 }
@@ -700,6 +661,25 @@ std::unique_ptr<Socket> socket_loop_monitored(int domain, int type, int protocol
   return socket(domain, type, protocol);
 }
 
+std::unique_ptr<ListenSocket> socket_listen(int domain, int type, int protocol) {
+  if (type != SOCK_STREAM) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "UDP sockets not supported on this platform, use WiFiUDP");
+    errno = EPROTOTYPE;
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  auto *pcb = tcp_new();
+  if (pcb == nullptr)
+    return nullptr;
+  auto *sock = new LWIPRawListenImpl((sa_family_t) domain, pcb);  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+  sock->init();
+  return std::unique_ptr<ListenSocket>{sock};
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<ListenSocket> socket_listen_loop_monitored(int domain, int type, int protocol) {
+  // LWIPRawImpl doesn't use file descriptors, so monitoring is not applicable
+  return socket_listen(domain, type, protocol);
+}
+
 }  // namespace esphome::socket
 
 #endif  // USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.h b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c171e0537f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP
+
+#include <array>
+#include <cerrno>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <memory>
+#include <span>
+
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "headers.h"
+#include "lwip/ip.h"
+#include "lwip/netif.h"
+#include "lwip/opt.h"
+#include "lwip/tcp.h"
+
+namespace esphome::socket {
+
+// Forward declaration
+class LWIPRawImpl;
+
+/// Non-virtual common base for LWIP raw TCP sockets.
+/// Provides shared fields and methods for both connected and listening sockets.
+/// No virtual methods — pure code sharing.
+class LWIPRawCommon {
+ public:
+  LWIPRawCommon(sa_family_t family, struct tcp_pcb *pcb) : pcb_(pcb), family_(family) {}
+  ~LWIPRawCommon();
+  LWIPRawCommon(const LWIPRawCommon &) = delete;
+  LWIPRawCommon &operator=(const LWIPRawCommon &) = delete;
+
+  int bind(const struct sockaddr *name, socklen_t addrlen);
+  int close();
+  int shutdown(int how);
+
+  int getpeername(struct sockaddr *name, socklen_t *addrlen);
+  int getsockname(struct sockaddr *name, socklen_t *addrlen);
+
+  /// Format peer address into a fixed-size buffer (no heap allocation)
+  size_t getpeername_to(std::span<char, SOCKADDR_STR_LEN> buf);
+  /// Format local address into a fixed-size buffer (no heap allocation)
+  size_t getsockname_to(std::span<char, SOCKADDR_STR_LEN> buf);
+
+  int getsockopt(int level, int optname, void *optval, socklen_t *optlen);
+  int setsockopt(int level, int optname, const void *optval, socklen_t optlen);
+
+  int get_fd() const { return -1; }
+
+ protected:
+  int ip2sockaddr_(ip_addr_t *ip, uint16_t port, struct sockaddr *name, socklen_t *addrlen);
+
+  // Member ordering optimized to minimize padding on 32-bit systems
+  struct tcp_pcb *pcb_;
+  // don't use lwip nodelay flag, it sometimes causes reconnect
+  // instead use it for determining whether to call lwip_output
+  bool nodelay_ = false;
+  sa_family_t family_ = 0;
+};
+
+/// Connected socket implementation for LWIP raw TCP.
+/// No virtual methods — callers always use the concrete type.
+class LWIPRawImpl : public LWIPRawCommon {
+ public:
+  using LWIPRawCommon::LWIPRawCommon;
+  ~LWIPRawImpl();
+
+  void init();
+
+  // Non-listening sockets return error
+  std::unique_ptr<LWIPRawImpl> accept(struct sockaddr *, socklen_t *) {
+    errno = EINVAL;
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  std::unique_ptr<LWIPRawImpl> accept_loop_monitored(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen) {
+    return this->accept(addr, addrlen);
+  }
+  // Regular sockets can't be converted to listening - this shouldn't happen
+  // as listen() should only be called on sockets created for listening
+  int listen(int) {
+    errno = EOPNOTSUPP;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  ssize_t read(void *buf, size_t len);
+  ssize_t readv(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt);
+  ssize_t recvfrom(void *, size_t, sockaddr *, socklen_t *) {
+    errno = ENOTSUP;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  ssize_t write(const void *buf, size_t len);
+  ssize_t writev(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt);
+  ssize_t sendto(const void *, size_t, int, const struct sockaddr *, socklen_t) {
+    // return ::sendto(fd_, buf, len, flags, to, tolen);
+    errno = ENOSYS;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  bool ready() const { return this->rx_buf_ != nullptr || this->rx_closed_ || this->pcb_ == nullptr; }
+
+  int setblocking(bool blocking) {
+    if (this->pcb_ == nullptr) {
+      errno = ECONNRESET;
+      return -1;
+    }
+    if (blocking) {
+      // blocking operation not supported
+      errno = EINVAL;
+      return -1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+  }
+  int loop() { return 0; }
+
+  err_t recv_fn(struct pbuf *pb, err_t err);
+
+  static void s_err_fn(void *arg, err_t err);
+  static err_t s_recv_fn(void *arg, struct tcp_pcb *pcb, struct pbuf *pb, err_t err);
+
+ protected:
+  ssize_t internal_write_(const void *buf, size_t len);
+  int internal_output_();
+
+  pbuf *rx_buf_ = nullptr;
+  size_t rx_buf_offset_ = 0;
+  bool rx_closed_ = false;
+};
+
+/// Listening socket implementation for LWIP raw TCP.
+/// Separate from LWIPRawImpl — no virtual dispatch needed.
+class LWIPRawListenImpl : public LWIPRawCommon {
+ public:
+  using LWIPRawCommon::LWIPRawCommon;
+  ~LWIPRawListenImpl();
+
+  void init();
+
+  bool ready() const { return this->accepted_socket_count_ > 0; }
+
+  std::unique_ptr<LWIPRawImpl> accept(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen);
+  std::unique_ptr<LWIPRawImpl> accept_loop_monitored(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen) {
+    return this->accept(addr, addrlen);
+  }
+  int listen(int backlog);
+
+  // Listening sockets don't do I/O
+  ssize_t read(void *, size_t) {
+    errno = ENOTSUP;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  ssize_t write(const void *, size_t) {
+    errno = ENOTSUP;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  ssize_t readv(const struct iovec *, int) {
+    errno = ENOTSUP;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  ssize_t writev(const struct iovec *, int) {
+    errno = ENOTSUP;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  ssize_t recvfrom(void *, size_t, sockaddr *, socklen_t *) {
+    errno = ENOTSUP;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  ssize_t sendto(const void *, size_t, int, const struct sockaddr *, socklen_t) {
+    errno = ENOTSUP;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  int setblocking(bool) { return 0; }
+  int loop() { return 0; }
+
+  static void s_err_fn(void *arg, err_t err);
+
+ private:
+  err_t accept_fn_(struct tcp_pcb *newpcb, err_t err);
+  static err_t s_accept_fn(void *arg, struct tcp_pcb *newpcb, err_t err);
+
+  // Accept queue - holds incoming connections briefly until the event loop calls accept()
+  // This is NOT a connection pool - just a temporary queue between LWIP callbacks and the main loop
+  // 3 slots is plenty since connections are pulled out quickly by the event loop
+  //
+  // Memory analysis: std::array<3> vs original std::queue implementation:
+  // - std::queue uses std::deque internally which on 32-bit systems needs:
+  //   24 bytes (deque object) + 32+ bytes (map array) + heap allocations
+  //   Total: ~56+ bytes minimum, plus heap fragmentation
+  // - std::array<3>: 12 bytes fixed (3 pointers × 4 bytes)
+  // Saves ~44+ bytes RAM per listening socket + avoids ALL heap allocations
+  // Used on ESP8266 and RP2040 (platforms using LWIP_TCP implementation)
+  //
+  // By using a separate listening socket class, regular connected sockets save
+  // 16 bytes (12 bytes array + 1 byte count + 3 bytes padding) of memory overhead on 32-bit systems
+  static constexpr size_t MAX_ACCEPTED_SOCKETS = 3;
+  std::array<std::unique_ptr<LWIPRawImpl>, MAX_ACCEPTED_SOCKETS> accepted_sockets_;
+  uint8_t accepted_socket_count_ = 0;  // Number of sockets currently in queue
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::socket
+
+#endif  // USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_sockets_impl.cpp b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_sockets_impl.cpp
index 79d68e085a..0322820ef4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_sockets_impl.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_sockets_impl.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-#include "socket.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "socket.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS
 
@@ -9,94 +9,73 @@
 
 namespace esphome::socket {
 
-class LwIPSocketImpl final : public Socket {
- public:
-  LwIPSocketImpl(int fd, bool monitor_loop = false) {
-    this->fd_ = fd;
-    // Register new socket with the application for select() if monitoring requested
-    if (monitor_loop && this->fd_ >= 0) {
-      // Only set loop_monitored_ to true if registration succeeds
-      this->loop_monitored_ = App.register_socket_fd(this->fd_);
-    }
-  }
-  ~LwIPSocketImpl() override {
-    if (!this->closed_) {
-      this->close();  // NOLINT(clang-analyzer-optin.cplusplus.VirtualCall)
-    }
-  }
-  int connect(const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen) override {
-    return lwip_connect(this->fd_, addr, addrlen);
-  }
-  std::unique_ptr<Socket> accept(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen) override {
-    int fd = lwip_accept(this->fd_, addr, addrlen);
-    if (fd == -1)
-      return {};
-    return make_unique<LwIPSocketImpl>(fd, false);
-  }
-  std::unique_ptr<Socket> accept_loop_monitored(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen) override {
-    int fd = lwip_accept(this->fd_, addr, addrlen);
-    if (fd == -1)
-      return {};
-    return make_unique<LwIPSocketImpl>(fd, true);
+LwIPSocketImpl::LwIPSocketImpl(int fd, bool monitor_loop) {
+  this->fd_ = fd;
+  // Register new socket with the application for select() if monitoring requested
+  if (monitor_loop && this->fd_ >= 0) {
+    // Only set loop_monitored_ to true if registration succeeds
+    this->loop_monitored_ = App.register_socket_fd(this->fd_);
   }
+}
 
-  int bind(const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen) override { return lwip_bind(this->fd_, addr, addrlen); }
-  int close() override {
-    if (!this->closed_) {
-      // Unregister from select() before closing if monitored
-      if (this->loop_monitored_) {
-        App.unregister_socket_fd(this->fd_);
-      }
-      int ret = lwip_close(this->fd_);
-      this->closed_ = true;
-      return ret;
+LwIPSocketImpl::~LwIPSocketImpl() {
+  if (!this->closed_) {
+    this->close();
+  }
+}
+
+int LwIPSocketImpl::close() {
+  if (!this->closed_) {
+    // Unregister from select() before closing if monitored
+    if (this->loop_monitored_) {
+      App.unregister_socket_fd(this->fd_);
     }
+    int ret = lwip_close(this->fd_);
+    this->closed_ = true;
+    return ret;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int LwIPSocketImpl::setblocking(bool blocking) {
+  int fl = lwip_fcntl(this->fd_, F_GETFL, 0);
+  if (blocking) {
+    fl &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
+  } else {
+    fl |= O_NONBLOCK;
+  }
+  lwip_fcntl(this->fd_, F_SETFL, fl);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+bool LwIPSocketImpl::ready() const { return socket_ready_fd(this->fd_, this->loop_monitored_); }
+
+size_t LwIPSocketImpl::getpeername_to(std::span<char, SOCKADDR_STR_LEN> buf) {
+  struct sockaddr_storage storage;
+  socklen_t len = sizeof(storage);
+  if (this->getpeername(reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&storage), &len) != 0) {
+    buf[0] = '\0';
     return 0;
   }
-  int shutdown(int how) override { return lwip_shutdown(this->fd_, how); }
+  return format_sockaddr_to(reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&storage), len, buf);
+}
 
-  int getpeername(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen) override {
-    return lwip_getpeername(this->fd_, addr, addrlen);
-  }
-  int getsockname(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen) override {
-    return lwip_getsockname(this->fd_, addr, addrlen);
-  }
-  int getsockopt(int level, int optname, void *optval, socklen_t *optlen) override {
-    return lwip_getsockopt(this->fd_, level, optname, optval, optlen);
-  }
-  int setsockopt(int level, int optname, const void *optval, socklen_t optlen) override {
-    return lwip_setsockopt(this->fd_, level, optname, optval, optlen);
-  }
-  int listen(int backlog) override { return lwip_listen(this->fd_, backlog); }
-  ssize_t read(void *buf, size_t len) override { return lwip_read(this->fd_, buf, len); }
-  ssize_t recvfrom(void *buf, size_t len, sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addr_len) override {
-    return lwip_recvfrom(this->fd_, buf, len, 0, addr, addr_len);
-  }
-  ssize_t readv(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt) override { return lwip_readv(this->fd_, iov, iovcnt); }
-  ssize_t write(const void *buf, size_t len) override { return lwip_write(this->fd_, buf, len); }
-  ssize_t send(void *buf, size_t len, int flags) { return lwip_send(this->fd_, buf, len, flags); }
-  ssize_t writev(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt) override { return lwip_writev(this->fd_, iov, iovcnt); }
-  ssize_t sendto(const void *buf, size_t len, int flags, const struct sockaddr *to, socklen_t tolen) override {
-    return lwip_sendto(this->fd_, buf, len, flags, to, tolen);
-  }
-  int setblocking(bool blocking) override {
-    int fl = lwip_fcntl(this->fd_, F_GETFL, 0);
-    if (blocking) {
-      fl &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
-    } else {
-      fl |= O_NONBLOCK;
-    }
-    lwip_fcntl(this->fd_, F_SETFL, fl);
+size_t LwIPSocketImpl::getsockname_to(std::span<char, SOCKADDR_STR_LEN> buf) {
+  struct sockaddr_storage storage;
+  socklen_t len = sizeof(storage);
+  if (this->getsockname(reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&storage), &len) != 0) {
+    buf[0] = '\0';
     return 0;
   }
-};
+  return format_sockaddr_to(reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&storage), len, buf);
+}
 
 // Helper to create a socket with optional monitoring
-static std::unique_ptr<Socket> create_socket(int domain, int type, int protocol, bool loop_monitored = false) {
+static std::unique_ptr<LwIPSocketImpl> create_socket(int domain, int type, int protocol, bool loop_monitored = false) {
   int ret = lwip_socket(domain, type, protocol);
   if (ret == -1)
     return nullptr;
-  return std::unique_ptr<Socket>{new LwIPSocketImpl(ret, loop_monitored)};
+  return make_unique<LwIPSocketImpl>(ret, loop_monitored);
 }
 
 std::unique_ptr<Socket> socket(int domain, int type, int protocol) {
@@ -107,6 +86,14 @@ std::unique_ptr<Socket> socket_loop_monitored(int domain, int type, int protocol
   return create_socket(domain, type, protocol, true);
 }
 
+std::unique_ptr<ListenSocket> socket_listen(int domain, int type, int protocol) {
+  return create_socket(domain, type, protocol, false);
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<ListenSocket> socket_listen_loop_monitored(int domain, int type, int protocol) {
+  return create_socket(domain, type, protocol, true);
+}
+
 }  // namespace esphome::socket
 
 #endif  // USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_sockets_impl.h b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_sockets_impl.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2e319fcc4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_sockets_impl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <span>
+
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "headers.h"
+
+namespace esphome::socket {
+
+class LwIPSocketImpl {
+ public:
+  LwIPSocketImpl(int fd, bool monitor_loop = false);
+  ~LwIPSocketImpl();
+  LwIPSocketImpl(const LwIPSocketImpl &) = delete;
+  LwIPSocketImpl &operator=(const LwIPSocketImpl &) = delete;
+
+  int connect(const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen) { return lwip_connect(this->fd_, addr, addrlen); }
+  std::unique_ptr<LwIPSocketImpl> accept(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen) {
+    int fd = lwip_accept(this->fd_, addr, addrlen);
+    if (fd == -1)
+      return {};
+    return make_unique<LwIPSocketImpl>(fd, false);
+  }
+  std::unique_ptr<LwIPSocketImpl> accept_loop_monitored(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen) {
+    int fd = lwip_accept(this->fd_, addr, addrlen);
+    if (fd == -1)
+      return {};
+    return make_unique<LwIPSocketImpl>(fd, true);
+  }
+
+  int bind(const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen) { return lwip_bind(this->fd_, addr, addrlen); }
+  int close();
+  int shutdown(int how) { return lwip_shutdown(this->fd_, how); }
+
+  int getpeername(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen) { return lwip_getpeername(this->fd_, addr, addrlen); }
+  int getsockname(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen) { return lwip_getsockname(this->fd_, addr, addrlen); }
+
+  /// Format peer address into a fixed-size buffer (no heap allocation)
+  size_t getpeername_to(std::span<char, SOCKADDR_STR_LEN> buf);
+  /// Format local address into a fixed-size buffer (no heap allocation)
+  size_t getsockname_to(std::span<char, SOCKADDR_STR_LEN> buf);
+
+  int getsockopt(int level, int optname, void *optval, socklen_t *optlen) {
+    return lwip_getsockopt(this->fd_, level, optname, optval, optlen);
+  }
+  int setsockopt(int level, int optname, const void *optval, socklen_t optlen) {
+    return lwip_setsockopt(this->fd_, level, optname, optval, optlen);
+  }
+  int listen(int backlog) { return lwip_listen(this->fd_, backlog); }
+  ssize_t read(void *buf, size_t len) { return lwip_read(this->fd_, buf, len); }
+  ssize_t recvfrom(void *buf, size_t len, sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addr_len) {
+    return lwip_recvfrom(this->fd_, buf, len, 0, addr, addr_len);
+  }
+  ssize_t readv(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt) { return lwip_readv(this->fd_, iov, iovcnt); }
+  ssize_t write(const void *buf, size_t len) { return lwip_write(this->fd_, buf, len); }
+  ssize_t send(void *buf, size_t len, int flags) { return lwip_send(this->fd_, buf, len, flags); }
+  ssize_t writev(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt) { return lwip_writev(this->fd_, iov, iovcnt); }
+  ssize_t sendto(const void *buf, size_t len, int flags, const struct sockaddr *to, socklen_t tolen) {
+    return lwip_sendto(this->fd_, buf, len, flags, to, tolen);
+  }
+  int setblocking(bool blocking);
+  int loop() { return 0; }
+
+  bool ready() const;
+
+  int get_fd() const { return this->fd_; }
+
+ protected:
+  int fd_{-1};
+  bool closed_{false};
+  bool loop_monitored_{false};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::socket
+
+#endif  // USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/socket.cpp b/esphome/components/socket/socket.cpp
index 6154c497e0..c04671c7ee 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/socket.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/socket.cpp
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@
 
 namespace esphome::socket {
 
-Socket::~Socket() {}
-
 #ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
-bool Socket::ready() const { return !this->loop_monitored_ || App.is_socket_ready_(this->fd_); }
+// Shared ready() implementation for fd-based socket implementations (BSD and LWIP sockets).
+// Checks if the Application's select() loop has marked this fd as ready.
+bool socket_ready_fd(int fd, bool loop_monitored) { return !loop_monitored || App.is_socket_ready_(fd); }
 #endif
 
 // Platform-specific inet_ntop wrappers
@@ -81,26 +81,6 @@ size_t format_sockaddr_to(const struct sockaddr *addr_ptr, socklen_t len, std::s
   return 0;
 }
 
-size_t Socket::getpeername_to(std::span<char, SOCKADDR_STR_LEN> buf) {
-  struct sockaddr_storage storage;
-  socklen_t len = sizeof(storage);
-  if (this->getpeername(reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&storage), &len) != 0) {
-    buf[0] = '\0';
-    return 0;
-  }
-  return format_sockaddr_to(reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&storage), len, buf);
-}
-
-size_t Socket::getsockname_to(std::span<char, SOCKADDR_STR_LEN> buf) {
-  struct sockaddr_storage storage;
-  socklen_t len = sizeof(storage);
-  if (this->getsockname(reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&storage), &len) != 0) {
-    buf[0] = '\0';
-    return 0;
-  }
-  return format_sockaddr_to(reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&storage), len, buf);
-}
-
 std::unique_ptr<Socket> socket_ip(int type, int protocol) {
 #if USE_NETWORK_IPV6
   return socket(AF_INET6, type, protocol);
@@ -109,11 +89,11 @@ std::unique_ptr<Socket> socket_ip(int type, int protocol) {
 #endif /* USE_NETWORK_IPV6 */
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<Socket> socket_ip_loop_monitored(int type, int protocol) {
+std::unique_ptr<ListenSocket> socket_ip_loop_monitored(int type, int protocol) {
 #if USE_NETWORK_IPV6
-  return socket_loop_monitored(AF_INET6, type, protocol);
+  return socket_listen_loop_monitored(AF_INET6, type, protocol);
 #else
-  return socket_loop_monitored(AF_INET, type, protocol);
+  return socket_listen_loop_monitored(AF_INET, type, protocol);
 #endif /* USE_NETWORK_IPV6 */
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/socket.h b/esphome/components/socket/socket.h
index a771e2fe1a..86a4f0cba9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/socket.h
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/socket.h
@@ -7,87 +7,41 @@
 #include "headers.h"
 
 #if defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP) || defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS) || defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS)
+
+// Include only the active implementation's header.
+// SOCKADDR_STR_LEN is defined in headers.h.
+#ifdef USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS
+#include "bsd_sockets_impl.h"
+#elif defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS)
+#include "lwip_sockets_impl.h"
+#elif defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP)
+#include "lwip_raw_tcp_impl.h"
+#endif
+
 namespace esphome::socket {
 
-// Maximum length for formatted socket address string (IP address without port)
-// IPv4: "255.255.255.255" = 15 chars + null = 16
-// IPv6: full address = 45 chars + null = 46
-#if USE_NETWORK_IPV6
-static constexpr size_t SOCKADDR_STR_LEN = 46;  // INET6_ADDRSTRLEN
-#else
-static constexpr size_t SOCKADDR_STR_LEN = 16;  // INET_ADDRSTRLEN
+// Type aliases — only one implementation is active per build.
+// Socket is the concrete type for connected sockets.
+// ListenSocket is the concrete type for listening/server sockets.
+// On BSD and LWIP_SOCKETS, both aliases resolve to the same type.
+// On LWIP_TCP, they are different types (no virtual dispatch between them).
+#ifdef USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS
+using Socket = BSDSocketImpl;
+using ListenSocket = BSDSocketImpl;
+#elif defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS)
+using Socket = LwIPSocketImpl;
+using ListenSocket = LwIPSocketImpl;
+#elif defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP)
+using Socket = LWIPRawImpl;
+using ListenSocket = LWIPRawListenImpl;
 #endif
 
-class Socket {
- public:
-  Socket() = default;
-  virtual ~Socket();
-  Socket(const Socket &) = delete;
-  Socket &operator=(const Socket &) = delete;
-
-  virtual std::unique_ptr<Socket> accept(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen) = 0;
-  /// Accept a connection and monitor it in the main loop
-  /// NOTE: This function is NOT thread-safe and must only be called from the main loop
-  virtual std::unique_ptr<Socket> accept_loop_monitored(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen) {
-    return accept(addr, addrlen);  // Default implementation for backward compatibility
-  }
-  virtual int bind(const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen) = 0;
-  virtual int close() = 0;
-  // not supported yet:
-  // virtual int connect(const std::string &address) = 0;
-#if defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS) || defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS)
-  virtual int connect(const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen) = 0;
-#endif
-  virtual int shutdown(int how) = 0;
-
-  virtual int getpeername(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen) = 0;
-  virtual int getsockname(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen) = 0;
-
-  /// Format peer address into a fixed-size buffer (no heap allocation)
-  /// Non-virtual wrapper around getpeername() - can be optimized away if unused
-  /// Returns number of characters written (excluding null terminator), or 0 on error
-  size_t getpeername_to(std::span<char, SOCKADDR_STR_LEN> buf);
-  /// Format local address into a fixed-size buffer (no heap allocation)
-  /// Non-virtual wrapper around getsockname() - can be optimized away if unused
-  size_t getsockname_to(std::span<char, SOCKADDR_STR_LEN> buf);
-  virtual int getsockopt(int level, int optname, void *optval, socklen_t *optlen) = 0;
-  virtual int setsockopt(int level, int optname, const void *optval, socklen_t optlen) = 0;
-  virtual int listen(int backlog) = 0;
-  virtual ssize_t read(void *buf, size_t len) = 0;
-  virtual ssize_t recvfrom(void *buf, size_t len, sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addr_len) = 0;
-  virtual ssize_t readv(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt) = 0;
-  virtual ssize_t write(const void *buf, size_t len) = 0;
-  virtual ssize_t writev(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt) = 0;
-  virtual ssize_t sendto(const void *buf, size_t len, int flags, const struct sockaddr *to, socklen_t tolen) = 0;
-
-  virtual int setblocking(bool blocking) = 0;
-  virtual int loop() { return 0; };
-
-    /// Get the underlying file descriptor (returns -1 if not supported)
-    /// Non-virtual: only one socket implementation is active per build.
 #ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
-  int get_fd() const { return this->fd_; }
-#else
-  int get_fd() const { return -1; }
+/// Shared ready() helper for fd-based socket implementations.
+/// Checks if the Application's select() loop has marked this fd as ready.
+bool socket_ready_fd(int fd, bool loop_monitored);
 #endif
 
-  /// Check if socket has data ready to read. Must only be called from the main loop thread.
-  /// For select()-based sockets: non-virtual, checks Application's select() results
-  /// For LWIP raw TCP sockets: virtual, checks internal buffer state
-#ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
-  bool ready() const;
-#else
-  virtual bool ready() const { return true; }
-#endif
-
- protected:
-#ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
-  int fd_{-1};
-  bool closed_{false};
-  bool loop_monitored_{false};
-#endif
-};
-
 /// Create a socket of the given domain, type and protocol.
 std::unique_ptr<Socket> socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);
 /// Create a socket in the newest available IP domain (IPv6 or IPv4) of the given type and protocol.
@@ -100,7 +54,13 @@ std::unique_ptr<Socket> socket_ip(int type, int protocol);
 /// NOTE: On ESP platforms, FD_SETSIZE is typically 10, limiting the number of monitored sockets.
 /// File descriptors >= FD_SETSIZE will not be monitored and will log an error.
 std::unique_ptr<Socket> socket_loop_monitored(int domain, int type, int protocol);
-std::unique_ptr<Socket> socket_ip_loop_monitored(int type, int protocol);
+
+/// Create a listening socket of the given domain, type and protocol.
+std::unique_ptr<ListenSocket> socket_listen(int domain, int type, int protocol);
+/// Create a listening socket and monitor it for data in the main loop.
+std::unique_ptr<ListenSocket> socket_listen_loop_monitored(int domain, int type, int protocol);
+/// Create a listening socket in the newest available IP domain and monitor it.
+std::unique_ptr<ListenSocket> socket_ip_loop_monitored(int type, int protocol);
 
 /// Set a sockaddr to the specified address and port for the IP version used by socket_ip().
 /// @param addr Destination sockaddr structure
diff --git a/esphome/core/application.h b/esphome/core/application.h
index d2345e2b0b..659b60222d 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.h
+++ b/esphome/core/application.h
@@ -105,7 +105,10 @@
 #endif
 
 namespace esphome::socket {
-class Socket;
+#ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
+/// Shared ready() helper for fd-based socket implementations.
+bool socket_ready_fd(int fd, bool loop_monitored);  // NOLINT(readability-redundant-declaration)
+#endif
 }  // namespace esphome::socket
 
 // Forward declarations for friend access from codegen-generated setup()
@@ -520,7 +523,9 @@ class Application {
 
  protected:
   friend Component;
-  friend class socket::Socket;
+#ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
+  friend bool socket::socket_ready_fd(int fd, bool loop_monitored);
+#endif
   friend void ::setup();
   friend void ::original_setup();
 

From a1d91ac779458545b0a6e5f014f57bc6d31d87ca Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 2 Mar 2026 06:59:23 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 307/609] [core] Compile-time detection of loop() overrides
 (#14405)

---
 esphome/core/application.cpp         | 19 +++++++--------
 esphome/core/application.h           | 10 +++++++-
 esphome/core/component.cpp           | 12 ----------
 esphome/core/component.h             |  7 ++++--
 esphome/core/config.py               | 36 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 esphome/cpp_helpers.py               |  5 ++++
 tests/unit_tests/test_cpp_helpers.py | 12 ++++++++--
 7 files changed, 73 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/application.cpp b/esphome/core/application.cpp
index c977fd66b3..26cd670629 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/application.cpp
@@ -79,7 +79,12 @@ static void insertion_sort_by_priority(Iterator first, Iterator last) {
   }
 }
 
-void Application::register_component_(Component *comp) { this->components_.push_back(comp); }
+void Application::register_component_impl_(Component *comp, bool has_loop) {
+  if (has_loop) {
+    comp->component_state_ |= COMPONENT_HAS_LOOP;
+  }
+  this->components_.push_back(comp);
+}
 void Application::setup() {
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Running through setup()");
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Sorting components by setup priority");
@@ -382,16 +387,8 @@ void Application::teardown_components(uint32_t timeout_ms) {
 }
 
 void Application::calculate_looping_components_() {
-  // Count total components that need looping
-  size_t total_looping = 0;
-  for (auto *obj : this->components_) {
-    if (obj->has_overridden_loop()) {
-      total_looping++;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Initialize FixedVector with exact size - no reallocation possible
-  this->looping_components_.init(total_looping);
+  // FixedVector capacity was pre-initialized by codegen with the exact count
+  // of components that override loop(), computed at C++ compile time.
 
   // Add all components with loop override that aren't already LOOP_DONE
   // Some components (like logger) may call disable_loop() during initialization
diff --git a/esphome/core/application.h b/esphome/core/application.h
index 659b60222d..44e8de7ee9 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.h
+++ b/esphome/core/application.h
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include <limits>
 #include <span>
 #include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
 #include <vector>
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
@@ -542,7 +543,14 @@ class Application {
 #endif
 #endif
 
-  void register_component_(Component *comp);
+  /// Register a component, detecting loop() override at compile time.
+  /// The template resolves &T::loop vs &Component::loop as a constexpr bool
+  /// and forwards it to register_component_impl_ which stores it in component_state_.
+  template<typename T> void register_component_(T *comp) {
+    this->register_component_impl_(comp, !std::is_same_v<decltype(&T::loop), decltype(&Component::loop)>);
+  }
+
+  void register_component_impl_(Component *comp, bool has_loop);
 
   void calculate_looping_components_();
   void add_looping_components_by_state_(bool match_loop_done);
diff --git a/esphome/core/component.cpp b/esphome/core/component.cpp
index 5afd901da2..a71aa8b3a3 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/component.cpp
@@ -496,18 +496,6 @@ void Component::set_setup_priority(float priority) {
 }
 #endif
 
-bool Component::has_overridden_loop() const {
-#if defined(USE_HOST) || defined(CLANG_TIDY)
-  return true;
-#else
-#pragma GCC diagnostic push
-#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wpmf-conversions"
-  bool loop_overridden = (void *) (this->*(&Component::loop)) != (void *) (&Component::loop);
-#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
-  return loop_overridden;
-#endif
-}
-
 PollingComponent::PollingComponent(uint32_t update_interval) : update_interval_(update_interval) {}
 
 void PollingComponent::call_setup() {
diff --git a/esphome/core/component.h b/esphome/core/component.h
index 6b920da290..d8102ea670 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component.h
+++ b/esphome/core/component.h
@@ -76,6 +76,8 @@ inline constexpr uint8_t STATUS_LED_MASK = 0x18;
 inline constexpr uint8_t STATUS_LED_OK = 0x00;
 inline constexpr uint8_t STATUS_LED_WARNING = 0x08;
 inline constexpr uint8_t STATUS_LED_ERROR = 0x10;
+// Component loop override flag uses bit 5 (set at registration time)
+inline constexpr uint8_t COMPONENT_HAS_LOOP = 0x20;
 
 // Remove before 2026.8.0
 enum class RetryResult { DONE, RETRY };
@@ -271,7 +273,7 @@ class Component {
    */
   void status_momentary_error(const char *name, uint32_t length = 5000);
 
-  bool has_overridden_loop() const;
+  bool has_overridden_loop() const { return (this->component_state_ & COMPONENT_HAS_LOOP) != 0; }
 
   /** Set where this component was loaded from for some debug messages.
    *
@@ -510,7 +512,8 @@ class Component {
   /// Bits 0-2: Component state (0x00=CONSTRUCTION, 0x01=SETUP, 0x02=LOOP, 0x03=FAILED, 0x04=LOOP_DONE)
   /// Bit 3: STATUS_LED_WARNING
   /// Bit 4: STATUS_LED_ERROR
-  /// Bits 5-7: Unused - reserved for future expansion
+  /// Bit 5: Has overridden loop() (set at registration time)
+  /// Bits 6-7: Unused - reserved for future expansion
   uint8_t component_state_{0x00};
   volatile bool pending_enable_loop_{false};  ///< ISR-safe flag for enable_loop_soon_any_context
 };
diff --git a/esphome/core/config.py b/esphome/core/config.py
index 593b402230..3835fd3875 100644
--- a/esphome/core/config.py
+++ b/esphome/core/config.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from collections import Counter
 import logging
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -504,6 +505,40 @@ async def _add_controller_registry_define() -> None:
         cg.add_define("CONTROLLER_REGISTRY_MAX", controller_count)
 
 
+@coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
+async def _add_looping_components() -> None:
+    # Emit a constexpr that computes the looping component count at C++ compile time
+    # and pre-init the FixedVector with the exact capacity. Uses std::is_same_v to
+    # detect loop() overrides. The constexpr goes in main.cpp's global section where
+    # all component types are in scope. calculate_looping_components_() then skips
+    # the counting pass and only does the two population passes.
+    entries = CORE.data.get("looping_component_entries", [])
+    if not entries:
+        return
+
+    # Build constexpr sum for the exact count, deduplicating by type
+    type_counts = Counter(entries)
+    terms = [
+        f"({count} * !std::is_same_v<decltype(&{cpp_type}::loop), decltype(&Component::loop)>)"
+        for cpp_type, count in type_counts.items()
+    ]
+    constexpr_expr = " + \\\n  ".join(terms)
+    cg.add_global(
+        cg.RawStatement(
+            f"static constexpr size_t ESPHOME_LOOPING_COMPONENT_COUNT = \\\n"
+            f"  {constexpr_expr};"
+        )
+    )
+
+    # Pre-init FixedVector with exact capacity so calculate_looping_components_()
+    # can skip the counting pass
+    cg.add(
+        cg.RawExpression(
+            "App.looping_components_.init(ESPHOME_LOOPING_COMPONENT_COUNT)"
+        )
+    )
+
+
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
 async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_global(cg.global_ns.namespace("esphome").using)
@@ -527,6 +562,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
 
     CORE.add_job(_add_platform_defines)
     CORE.add_job(_add_controller_registry_define)
+    CORE.add_job(_add_looping_components)
 
     CORE.add_job(_add_automations, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/cpp_helpers.py b/esphome/cpp_helpers.py
index b673eaa7e1..8f8c693140 100644
--- a/esphome/cpp_helpers.py
+++ b/esphome/cpp_helpers.py
@@ -80,6 +80,11 @@ async def register_component(var, config):
         add(var.set_component_source(LogStringLiteral(name)))
 
     add(App.register_component_(var))
+
+    # Collect C++ type for compile-time looping component count
+    comp_entries = CORE.data.setdefault("looping_component_entries", [])
+    comp_entries.append(str(var.base.type))
+
     return var
 
 
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_cpp_helpers.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_cpp_helpers.py
index 82ded409c7..5b6eed156f 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_cpp_helpers.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_cpp_helpers.py
@@ -14,7 +14,11 @@ async def test_gpio_pin_expression__conf_is_none(monkeypatch):
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_register_component(monkeypatch):
-    var = Mock(base="foo.bar")
+    base_mock = Mock()
+    base_mock.__str__ = lambda self: "foo.bar"
+    base_mock.type = Mock()
+    base_mock.type.__str__ = lambda self: "foo::Bar"
+    var = Mock(base=base_mock)
 
     app_mock = Mock(register_component_=Mock(return_value=var))
     monkeypatch.setattr(ch, "App", app_mock)
@@ -46,7 +50,11 @@ async def test_register_component__no_component_id(monkeypatch):
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_register_component__with_setup_priority(monkeypatch):
-    var = Mock(base="foo.bar")
+    base_mock = Mock()
+    base_mock.__str__ = lambda self: "foo.bar"
+    base_mock.type = Mock()
+    base_mock.type.__str__ = lambda self: "foo::Bar"
+    var = Mock(base=base_mock)
 
     app_mock = Mock(register_component_=Mock(return_value=var))
     monkeypatch.setattr(ch, "App", app_mock)

From b9b1af1c3dd11e2d41c0b88542637a6ceaec5ecd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: netixx <dev.espinetfrancois@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Mar 2026 18:38:28 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 308/609] [mcp23016] Fix register access to use 16-bit paired
 transactions (#13676)

Co-authored-by: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/mcp23016/mcp23016.cpp | 71 +++++++++---------------
 esphome/components/mcp23016/mcp23016.h   | 15 +++--
 2 files changed, 33 insertions(+), 53 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp23016/mcp23016.cpp b/esphome/components/mcp23016/mcp23016.cpp
index 56b2ecf9f4..fbdb6903b8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp23016/mcp23016.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp23016/mcp23016.cpp
@@ -8,90 +8,71 @@ namespace mcp23016 {
 static const char *const TAG = "mcp23016";
 
 void MCP23016::setup() {
-  uint8_t iocon;
-  if (!this->read_reg_(MCP23016_IOCON0, &iocon)) {
+  uint16_t iocon;
+  // MCP23016 registers operate as paired 16-bit registers. Addressing the
+  // odd register (e.g. IOCON1) reads/writes that register first, then wraps
+  // to the even register (IOCON0) in the same pair. Starting from the odd
+  // address gives the correct byte order for 1 << pin mapping:
+  // high byte = port 1 (pins 8-15), low byte = port 0 (pins 0-7).
+  if (!this->read_reg_(MCP23016_IOCON1, &iocon)) {
     this->mark_failed();
     return;
   }
 
   // Read current output register state
-  this->read_reg_(MCP23016_OLAT0, &this->olat_0_);
-  this->read_reg_(MCP23016_OLAT1, &this->olat_1_);
+  this->read_reg_(MCP23016_OLAT1, &this->olat_);
 
   // all pins input
-  this->write_reg_(MCP23016_IODIR0, 0xFF);
-  this->write_reg_(MCP23016_IODIR1, 0xFF);
+  this->write_reg_(MCP23016_IODIR1, 0xFFFF);
 }
 
 void MCP23016::loop() {
   // Invalidate cache at the start of each loop
   this->reset_pin_cache_();
 }
-bool MCP23016::digital_read_hw(uint8_t pin) {
-  uint8_t reg_addr = pin < 8 ? MCP23016_GP0 : MCP23016_GP1;
-  uint8_t value = 0;
-  if (!this->read_reg_(reg_addr, &value)) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  // Update the appropriate part of input_mask_
-  if (pin < 8) {
-    this->input_mask_ = (this->input_mask_ & 0xFF00) | value;
-  } else {
-    this->input_mask_ = (this->input_mask_ & 0x00FF) | (uint16_t(value) << 8);
-  }
-  return true;
-}
+bool MCP23016::digital_read_hw(uint8_t pin) { return this->read_reg_(MCP23016_GP1, &this->input_mask_); }
 
 bool MCP23016::digital_read_cache(uint8_t pin) { return this->input_mask_ & (1 << pin); }
-void MCP23016::digital_write_hw(uint8_t pin, bool value) {
-  uint8_t reg_addr = pin < 8 ? MCP23016_OLAT0 : MCP23016_OLAT1;
-  this->update_reg_(pin, value, reg_addr);
-}
+void MCP23016::digital_write_hw(uint8_t pin, bool value) { this->update_reg_(pin, value, MCP23016_OLAT1); }
 void MCP23016::pin_mode(uint8_t pin, gpio::Flags flags) {
-  uint8_t iodir = pin < 8 ? MCP23016_IODIR0 : MCP23016_IODIR1;
   if (flags == gpio::FLAG_INPUT) {
-    this->update_reg_(pin, true, iodir);
+    this->update_reg_(pin, true, MCP23016_IODIR1);
   } else if (flags == gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT) {
-    this->update_reg_(pin, false, iodir);
+    this->update_reg_(pin, false, MCP23016_IODIR1);
   }
 }
-float MCP23016::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
-bool MCP23016::read_reg_(uint8_t reg, uint8_t *value) {
+float MCP23016::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::IO; }
+bool MCP23016::read_reg_(uint8_t reg, uint16_t *value) {
   if (this->is_failed())
     return false;
 
-  return this->read_byte(reg, value);
+  return this->read_byte_16(reg, value);
 }
-bool MCP23016::write_reg_(uint8_t reg, uint8_t value) {
+bool MCP23016::write_reg_(uint8_t reg, uint16_t value) {
   if (this->is_failed())
     return false;
 
-  return this->write_byte(reg, value);
+  return this->write_byte_16(reg, value);
 }
 void MCP23016::update_reg_(uint8_t pin, bool pin_value, uint8_t reg_addr) {
-  uint8_t bit = pin % 8;
-  uint8_t reg_value = 0;
-  if (reg_addr == MCP23016_OLAT0) {
-    reg_value = this->olat_0_;
-  } else if (reg_addr == MCP23016_OLAT1) {
-    reg_value = this->olat_1_;
+  uint16_t reg_value = 0;
+
+  if (reg_addr == MCP23016_OLAT1) {
+    reg_value = this->olat_;
   } else {
     this->read_reg_(reg_addr, &reg_value);
   }
 
   if (pin_value) {
-    reg_value |= 1 << bit;
+    reg_value |= 1 << pin;
   } else {
-    reg_value &= ~(1 << bit);
+    reg_value &= ~(1 << pin);
   }
 
   this->write_reg_(reg_addr, reg_value);
 
-  if (reg_addr == MCP23016_OLAT0) {
-    this->olat_0_ = reg_value;
-  } else if (reg_addr == MCP23016_OLAT1) {
-    this->olat_1_ = reg_value;
+  if (reg_addr == MCP23016_OLAT1) {
+    this->olat_ = reg_value;
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp23016/mcp23016.h b/esphome/components/mcp23016/mcp23016.h
index c2bc885c95..494bc9c197 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp23016/mcp23016.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp23016/mcp23016.h
@@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ enum MCP23016GPIORegisters {
   // 1 side
   MCP23016_GP1 = 0x01,
   MCP23016_OLAT1 = 0x03,
-  MCP23016_IPOL1 = 0x04,
+  MCP23016_IPOL1 = 0x05,
   MCP23016_IODIR1 = 0x07,
-  MCP23016_INTCAP1 = 0x08,
+  MCP23016_INTCAP1 = 0x09,
   MCP23016_IOCON1 = 0x0B,
 };
 
-class MCP23016 : public Component, public i2c::I2CDevice, public gpio_expander::CachedGpioExpander<uint8_t, 16> {
+class MCP23016 : public Component, public i2c::I2CDevice, public gpio_expander::CachedGpioExpander<uint16_t, 16> {
  public:
   MCP23016() = default;
 
@@ -42,16 +42,15 @@ class MCP23016 : public Component, public i2c::I2CDevice, public gpio_expander::
   void digital_write_hw(uint8_t pin, bool value) override;
 
   // read a given register
-  bool read_reg_(uint8_t reg, uint8_t *value);
+  bool read_reg_(uint8_t reg, uint16_t *value);
   // write a value to a given register
-  bool write_reg_(uint8_t reg, uint8_t value);
+  bool write_reg_(uint8_t reg, uint16_t value);
   // update registers with given pin value.
   void update_reg_(uint8_t pin, bool pin_value, uint8_t reg_a);
 
-  uint8_t olat_0_{0x00};
-  uint8_t olat_1_{0x00};
+  uint16_t olat_{0x0000};
   // Cache for input values (16-bit combined for both banks)
-  uint16_t input_mask_{0x00};
+  uint16_t input_mask_{0x0000};
 };
 
 class MCP23016GPIOPin : public GPIOPin {

From 2fa244715d21e30338702c0ea017884f338efd03 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 2 Mar 2026 08:54:54 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 309/609] [socket] Fix pre-existing bugs found during socket
 devirtualization review (#14404)

---
 esphome/components/socket/bsd_sockets_impl.h  |  2 +-
 .../components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp   | 21 +++++++++++++++++--
 esphome/components/socket/lwip_sockets_impl.h |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/bsd_sockets_impl.h b/esphome/components/socket/bsd_sockets_impl.h
index edee39f315..d9ed9dc567 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/bsd_sockets_impl.h
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/bsd_sockets_impl.h
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ class BSDSocketImpl {
     return ::write(this->fd_, buf, len);
 #endif
   }
-  ssize_t send(void *buf, size_t len, int flags) { return ::send(this->fd_, buf, len, flags); }
+  ssize_t send(const void *buf, size_t len, int flags) { return ::send(this->fd_, buf, len, flags); }
   ssize_t writev(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt) {
 #if defined(USE_ESP32)
     return ::lwip_writev(this->fd_, iov, iovcnt);
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp
index 6556979fe0..430356592f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ int LWIPRawCommon::bind(const struct sockaddr *name, socklen_t addrlen) {
   }
   if (name == nullptr) {
     errno = EINVAL;
-    return 0;
+    return -1;
   }
   ip_addr_t ip;
   in_port_t port;
@@ -319,6 +319,13 @@ int LWIPRawCommon::ip2sockaddr_(ip_addr_t *ip, uint16_t port, struct sockaddr *n
 // ---- LWIPRawImpl methods ----
 
 LWIPRawImpl::~LWIPRawImpl() {
+  // Free any received pbufs that LWIP transferred ownership of via recv_fn.
+  // tcp_abort() in the base destructor won't free these since LWIP considers
+  // ownership transferred once the recv callback accepts them.
+  if (this->rx_buf_ != nullptr) {
+    pbuf_free(this->rx_buf_);
+    this->rx_buf_ = nullptr;
+  }
   // Base class destructor handles pcb_ cleanup via tcp_abort
 }
 
@@ -545,7 +552,14 @@ ssize_t LWIPRawImpl::writev(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt) {
 // ---- LWIPRawListenImpl methods ----
 
 LWIPRawListenImpl::~LWIPRawListenImpl() {
-  // Base class destructor handles pcb_ cleanup via tcp_abort
+  // Listen PCBs must use tcp_close(), not tcp_abort().
+  // tcp_abandon() asserts pcb->state != LISTEN and would access
+  // fields that don't exist in the smaller tcp_pcb_listen struct.
+  // Close here and null pcb_ so the base destructor skips tcp_abort.
+  if (this->pcb_ != nullptr) {
+    tcp_close(this->pcb_);
+    this->pcb_ = nullptr;
+  }
 }
 
 void LWIPRawListenImpl::init() {
@@ -609,6 +623,9 @@ int LWIPRawListenImpl::listen(int backlog) {
   LWIP_LOG("tcp_arg(%p)", this->pcb_);
   tcp_arg(this->pcb_, this);
   tcp_accept(this->pcb_, LWIPRawListenImpl::s_accept_fn);
+  // Note: tcp_err() is NOT re-registered here. tcp_listen_with_backlog() converts the
+  // full tcp_pcb to a smaller tcp_pcb_listen struct that lacks the errf field.
+  // Calling tcp_err() on a listen PCB writes past the struct boundary (undefined behavior).
   return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_sockets_impl.h b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_sockets_impl.h
index 2e319fcc4d..d6699aded2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_sockets_impl.h
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_sockets_impl.h
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ class LwIPSocketImpl {
   }
   ssize_t readv(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt) { return lwip_readv(this->fd_, iov, iovcnt); }
   ssize_t write(const void *buf, size_t len) { return lwip_write(this->fd_, buf, len); }
-  ssize_t send(void *buf, size_t len, int flags) { return lwip_send(this->fd_, buf, len, flags); }
+  ssize_t send(const void *buf, size_t len, int flags) { return lwip_send(this->fd_, buf, len, flags); }
   ssize_t writev(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt) { return lwip_writev(this->fd_, iov, iovcnt); }
   ssize_t sendto(const void *buf, size_t len, int flags, const struct sockaddr *to, socklen_t tolen) {
     return lwip_sendto(this->fd_, buf, len, flags, to, tolen);

From cb232d828879b365bfa116ff3b4a7546c1e6ce62 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 2 Mar 2026 09:11:47 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 310/609] [core] Fix compile-time loop() detection for multiple
 inheritance (#14411)

---
 esphome/core/application.h | 13 ++++++++++---
 esphome/core/config.py     |  3 ++-
 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/application.h b/esphome/core/application.h
index 44e8de7ee9..13fd0180ab 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.h
+++ b/esphome/core/application.h
@@ -118,6 +118,14 @@ void original_setup();  // NOLINT(readability-redundant-declaration) - used by c
 
 namespace esphome {
 
+/// SFINAE helper: detects whether T overrides Component::loop().
+/// When &T::loop is ambiguous (multiple inheritance with separate loop() methods),
+/// the ambiguity itself proves an override exists, so the true_type default is correct.
+template<typename T, typename = void> struct HasLoopOverride : std::true_type {};
+template<typename T>
+struct HasLoopOverride<T, std::void_t<decltype(&T::loop)>>
+    : std::bool_constant<!std::is_same_v<decltype(&T::loop), decltype(&Component::loop)>> {};
+
 // Teardown timeout constant (in milliseconds)
 // For reboots, it's more important to shut down quickly than disconnect cleanly
 // since we're not entering deep sleep. The only consequence of not shutting down
@@ -544,10 +552,9 @@ class Application {
 #endif
 
   /// Register a component, detecting loop() override at compile time.
-  /// The template resolves &T::loop vs &Component::loop as a constexpr bool
-  /// and forwards it to register_component_impl_ which stores it in component_state_.
+  /// Uses HasLoopOverride<T> which handles ambiguous &T::loop from multiple inheritance.
   template<typename T> void register_component_(T *comp) {
-    this->register_component_impl_(comp, !std::is_same_v<decltype(&T::loop), decltype(&Component::loop)>);
+    this->register_component_impl_(comp, HasLoopOverride<T>::value);
   }
 
   void register_component_impl_(Component *comp, bool has_loop);
diff --git a/esphome/core/config.py b/esphome/core/config.py
index 3835fd3875..9411949bb9 100644
--- a/esphome/core/config.py
+++ b/esphome/core/config.py
@@ -517,9 +517,10 @@ async def _add_looping_components() -> None:
         return
 
     # Build constexpr sum for the exact count, deduplicating by type
+    # Uses HasLoopOverride<T> which handles ambiguous &T::loop from multiple inheritance
     type_counts = Counter(entries)
     terms = [
-        f"({count} * !std::is_same_v<decltype(&{cpp_type}::loop), decltype(&Component::loop)>)"
+        f"({count} * HasLoopOverride<{cpp_type}>::value)"
         for cpp_type, count in type_counts.items()
     ]
     constexpr_expr = " + \\\n  ".join(terms)

From 38f671a9231348919a2ffd779ebf070906cbdef9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Mar 2026 14:52:06 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 311/609] [uart] Fix flow_control_pin inverted flag ignored on
 ESP-IDF (#14410)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp
index 631db1e5c7..544404448b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp
@@ -157,6 +157,9 @@ void IDFUARTComponent::load_settings(bool dump_config) {
   if (this->rx_pin_ != nullptr && this->rx_pin_->is_inverted()) {
     invert |= UART_SIGNAL_RXD_INV;
   }
+  if (this->flow_control_pin_ != nullptr && this->flow_control_pin_->is_inverted()) {
+    invert |= UART_SIGNAL_RTS_INV;
+  }
 
   err = uart_set_line_inverse(this->uart_num_, invert);
   if (err != ESP_OK) {

From d1de50c0e513431943607f678fc3f661aa605dd0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 2 Mar 2026 11:11:04 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 312/609] [core] Add ESP8266 support to wake_loop_any_context()
 (#14392)

---
 esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp |  2 +-
 esphome/components/socket/socket.h              |  5 +++--
 esphome/core/application.h                      | 12 +++++++++++-
 esphome/core/component.cpp                      |  9 +++++----
 4 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp
index 430356592f..d697bd47a5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ void socket_delay(uint32_t ms) {
   esp_delay(ms, []() { return !s_socket_woke; });
 }
 
-void socket_wake() {
+void IRAM_ATTR socket_wake() {
   s_socket_woke = true;
   esp_schedule();
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/socket.h b/esphome/components/socket/socket.h
index 86a4f0cba9..546d278260 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/socket.h
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/socket.h
@@ -86,8 +86,9 @@ size_t format_sockaddr_to(const struct sockaddr *addr_ptr, socklen_t len, std::s
 /// On ESP8266, lwip callbacks set a flag and call esp_schedule() to wake the delay.
 void socket_delay(uint32_t ms);
 
-/// Called by lwip callbacks to signal socket activity and wake delay.
-void socket_wake();
+/// Signal socket/IO activity and wake the main loop from esp_delay() early.
+/// ISR-safe: uses IRAM_ATTR internally and only sets a volatile flag + esp_schedule().
+void socket_wake();  // NOLINT(readability-redundant-declaration)
 #endif
 
 }  // namespace esphome::socket
diff --git a/esphome/core/application.h b/esphome/core/application.h
index 13fd0180ab..63d59c555e 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.h
+++ b/esphome/core/application.h
@@ -34,7 +34,11 @@
 #endif
 #endif
 #endif  // USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
-
+#if defined(USE_ESP8266) && defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP)
+namespace esphome::socket {
+void socket_wake();  // NOLINT(readability-redundant-declaration)
+}  // namespace esphome::socket
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
 #include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
 #endif
@@ -530,6 +534,12 @@ class Application {
 #endif
 #endif
 
+#if defined(USE_ESP8266) && defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP)
+  /// Wake the main event loop from any context (ISR, thread, or main loop).
+  /// On ESP8266: sets the socket wake flag and calls esp_schedule() to exit esp_delay() early.
+  static void IRAM_ATTR wake_loop_any_context() { socket::socket_wake(); }
+#endif
+
  protected:
   friend Component;
 #ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
diff --git a/esphome/core/component.cpp b/esphome/core/component.cpp
index a71aa8b3a3..53cb50a44c 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/component.cpp
@@ -323,10 +323,11 @@ void IRAM_ATTR HOT Component::enable_loop_soon_any_context() {
   // 8. Race condition with main loop is handled by clearing flag before processing
   this->pending_enable_loop_ = true;
   App.has_pending_enable_loop_requests_ = true;
-#if defined(USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT) && defined(USE_ESP32)
-  // Wake the main loop if sleeping in ulTaskNotifyTake(). Without this,
-  // the main loop would not wake until the select timeout expires (~16ms).
-  // Uses xPortInIsrContext() to choose the correct FreeRTOS notify API.
+#if (defined(USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT) && defined(USE_ESP32)) || (defined(USE_ESP8266) && defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP))
+  // Wake the main loop from sleep. Without this, the main loop would not
+  // wake until the select/delay timeout expires (~16ms).
+  // ESP32: uses xPortInIsrContext() to choose the correct FreeRTOS notify API.
+  // ESP8266: sets socket wake flag and calls esp_schedule() to exit esp_delay() early.
   Application::wake_loop_any_context();
 #endif
 }

From 3615a7b90c13f2bb100d5ea3241795aec5c7512b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 2 Mar 2026 11:42:25 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 313/609] [core] Eliminate __udivdi3 in millis() on ESP32 and
 RP2040 (#14409)

---
 esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp             |  4 +-
 esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp            |  4 +-
 esphome/core/helpers.h                        | 38 ++++++++++++
 .../fixtures/micros_to_millis.yaml            | 61 +++++++++++++++++++
 tests/integration/test_micros_to_millis.py    | 46 ++++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 149 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/integration/fixtures/micros_to_millis.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/integration/test_micros_to_millis.py

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp
index 59b791da40..7ebbba609e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ extern "C" __attribute__((weak)) void initArduino() {}
 namespace esphome {
 
 void HOT yield() { vPortYield(); }
-uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT millis() { return (uint32_t) (esp_timer_get_time() / 1000ULL); }
-uint64_t HOT millis_64() { return static_cast<uint64_t>(esp_timer_get_time()) / 1000ULL; }
+uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT millis() { return micros_to_millis(static_cast<uint64_t>(esp_timer_get_time())); }
+uint64_t HOT millis_64() { return micros_to_millis<uint64_t>(static_cast<uint64_t>(esp_timer_get_time())); }
 void HOT delay(uint32_t ms) { vTaskDelay(ms / portTICK_PERIOD_MS); }
 uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT micros() { return (uint32_t) esp_timer_get_time(); }
 void IRAM_ATTR HOT delayMicroseconds(uint32_t us) { delay_microseconds_safe(us); }
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp b/esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp
index 6386d53292..a15ee7e263 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
 namespace esphome {
 
 void HOT yield() { ::yield(); }
-uint64_t millis_64() { return time_us_64() / 1000ULL; }
-uint32_t HOT millis() { return static_cast<uint32_t>(millis_64()); }
+uint64_t millis_64() { return micros_to_millis<uint64_t>(time_us_64()); }
+uint32_t HOT millis() { return micros_to_millis(time_us_64()); }
 void HOT delay(uint32_t ms) { ::delay(ms); }
 uint32_t HOT micros() { return ::micros(); }
 void HOT delayMicroseconds(uint32_t us) { delay_microseconds_safe(us); }
diff --git a/esphome/core/helpers.h b/esphome/core/helpers.h
index c68cb549bb..ae505a2d8a 100644
--- a/esphome/core/helpers.h
+++ b/esphome/core/helpers.h
@@ -599,6 +599,44 @@ template<std::integral T> constexpr uint32_t fnv1a_hash_extend(uint32_t hash, T
 constexpr uint32_t fnv1a_hash(const char *str) { return fnv1a_hash_extend(FNV1_OFFSET_BASIS, str); }
 inline uint32_t fnv1a_hash(const std::string &str) { return fnv1a_hash(str.c_str()); }
 
+/// Convert a 64-bit microsecond count to milliseconds without calling
+/// __udivdi3 (software 64-bit divide, ~1200 ns on Xtensa @ 240 MHz).
+///
+/// Returns uint32_t by default (for millis()), or uint64_t when requested
+/// (for millis_64()). The only difference is whether hi * Q is truncated
+/// to 32 bits or widened to 64.
+///
+/// On 32-bit targets, GCC does not optimize 64-bit constant division into a
+/// multiply-by-reciprocal. Since 1000 = 8 * 125, we first right-shift by 3
+/// (free divide-by-8), then use the Euclidean division identity to decompose
+/// the remaining 64-bit divide-by-125 into a single 32-bit division:
+///
+///   floor(us / 1000) = floor(floor(us / 8) / 125)    [exact for integers]
+///   2^32 = Q * 125 + R  (34359738 * 125 + 46)
+///   (hi * 2^32 + lo) / 125 = hi * Q + (hi * R + lo) / 125
+///
+/// GCC optimizes the remaining 32-bit "/ 125U" into a multiply-by-reciprocal
+/// (mulhu + shift), so no division instruction is emitted.
+///
+/// Safe for us up to ~3.2e18 (~101,700 years of microseconds).
+///
+/// See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_division
+/// See: https://ridiculousfish.com/blog/posts/labor-of-division-episode-iii.html
+template<typename ReturnT = uint32_t> inline constexpr ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE ReturnT micros_to_millis(uint64_t us) {
+  constexpr uint32_t d = 125U;
+  constexpr uint32_t q = static_cast<uint32_t>((1ULL << 32) / d);  // 34359738
+  constexpr uint32_t r = static_cast<uint32_t>((1ULL << 32) % d);  // 46
+  // 1000 = 8 * 125; divide-by-8 is a free shift
+  uint64_t x = us >> 3;
+  uint32_t lo = static_cast<uint32_t>(x);
+  uint32_t hi = static_cast<uint32_t>(x >> 32);
+  // Combine remainder term: hi * (2^32 % 125) + lo
+  uint32_t adj = hi * r + lo;
+  // If adj overflowed, the true value is 2^32 + adj; apply the identity again
+  // static_cast<ReturnT>(hi) widens to 64-bit when ReturnT=uint64_t, preserving upper bits of hi*q
+  return static_cast<ReturnT>(hi) * q + (adj < lo ? (adj + r) / d + q : adj / d);
+}
+
 /// Return a random 32-bit unsigned integer.
 uint32_t random_uint32();
 /// Return a random float between 0 and 1.
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/micros_to_millis.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/micros_to_millis.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d11808c43a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/micros_to_millis.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+esphome:
+  name: micros-to-millis-test
+  platformio_options:
+    build_flags:
+      - "-DDEBUG"
+  on_boot:
+    - lambda: |-
+        using esphome::micros_to_millis;
+        const char *TAG = "MTM";
+        int pass = 0, fail = 0;
+
+        auto check = [&](const char *name, uint64_t us) {
+          uint32_t got = micros_to_millis(us);
+          uint32_t want = (uint32_t)(us / 1000ULL);
+          if (got == want) { pass++; }
+          else { ESP_LOGE(TAG, "%s FAILED: got=%u want=%u", name, got, want); fail++; }
+        };
+
+        // Basic values
+        check("zero", 0);
+        check("below_1ms", 999);
+        check("exactly_1ms", 1000);
+        check("above_1ms", 1001);
+
+        // Shift boundary (1000 = 8 * 125, exercises the >>3 shift)
+        check("shift_7999", 7999);
+        check("shift_8000", 8000);
+        check("shift_8001", 8001);
+
+        // 32-bit boundary
+        check("u32max_minus1", 0xFFFFFFFEULL);
+        check("u32max", 0xFFFFFFFFULL);
+        check("u32max_plus1", 0x100000000ULL);
+
+        // Realistic uptimes
+        check("30_days", 2592000000000ULL);
+        check("1_year", 31536000000000ULL);
+
+        // Carry path: construct x = us>>3 with specific hi/lo that trigger adj overflow
+        { uint64_t x = (603ULL << 32) | 0xFFFFFFFFU; check("carry_603", x << 3); }
+        { uint64_t x = (5000ULL << 32) | 0xFFFFFFFFU; check("carry_5000", x << 3); }
+
+        // Carry boundary: exact transition where adj overflows (hi=1000, R=46)
+        {
+          uint32_t hi = 1000;
+          uint32_t thr = 0xFFFFFFFFU - hi * 46U;
+          uint64_t h = (uint64_t)hi << 32;
+          check("carry_before", (h | (thr - 1)) << 3);
+          check("carry_at", (h | thr) << 3);
+          check("carry_after", (h | (thr + 1)) << 3);
+        }
+
+        // Mod-8 variations (exercises the >>3 truncation)
+        for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) { check("mod8", 2592000000000ULL + i); }
+
+        if (fail == 0) { ESP_LOGI(TAG, "ALL_PASSED %d tests", pass); }
+        else { ESP_LOGE(TAG, "%d FAILED out of %d", fail, pass + fail); }
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_micros_to_millis.py b/tests/integration/test_micros_to_millis.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9960d6b017
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_micros_to_millis.py
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+"""Integration test for micros_to_millis Euclidean decomposition."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import re
+
+import pytest
+
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_micros_to_millis(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test that micros_to_millis matches reference uint64 division."""
+
+    all_passed = asyncio.Event()
+    failures: list[str] = []
+
+    def on_log_line(line: str) -> None:
+        clean_line = re.sub(r"\x1b\[[0-9;]*m", "", line)
+        if "ALL_PASSED" in clean_line:
+            all_passed.set()
+        elif "FAILED" in clean_line and "[MTM" in clean_line:
+            failures.append(clean_line)
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=on_log_line),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        device_info = await client.device_info()
+        assert device_info is not None
+        assert device_info.name == "micros-to-millis-test"
+
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(all_passed.wait(), timeout=2.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            if failures:
+                pytest.fail(f"micros_to_millis failures: {failures}")
+            pytest.fail("micros_to_millis test timed out")
+
+        assert not failures, f"micros_to_millis failures: {failures}"

From 5510b45f3bfa45e3204de607e0a3815b42623606 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lino Schmidt <72667500+LinoSchmidt@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Mar 2026 22:43:06 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 314/609] [const] Move CONF_WATCHDOG (#14415)

---
 esphome/components/as5600/__init__.py        | 2 +-
 esphome/components/as5600/sensor/__init__.py | 1 -
 esphome/const.py                             | 1 +
 3 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/as5600/__init__.py b/esphome/components/as5600/__init__.py
index acb1c4d9db..b141329e94 100644
--- a/esphome/components/as5600/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/as5600/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_POWER_MODE,
     CONF_RANGE,
+    CONF_WATCHDOG,
 )
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@ammmze"]
@@ -57,7 +58,6 @@ FAST_FILTER = {
 
 CONF_RAW_ANGLE = "raw_angle"
 CONF_RAW_POSITION = "raw_position"
-CONF_WATCHDOG = "watchdog"
 CONF_SLOW_FILTER = "slow_filter"
 CONF_FAST_FILTER = "fast_filter"
 CONF_START_POSITION = "start_position"
diff --git a/esphome/components/as5600/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/as5600/sensor/__init__.py
index 1491852e07..e84733a484 100644
--- a/esphome/components/as5600/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/as5600/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ AS5600Sensor = as5600_ns.class_("AS5600Sensor", sensor.Sensor, cg.PollingCompone
 
 CONF_RAW_ANGLE = "raw_angle"
 CONF_RAW_POSITION = "raw_position"
-CONF_WATCHDOG = "watchdog"
 CONF_SLOW_FILTER = "slow_filter"
 CONF_FAST_FILTER = "fast_filter"
 CONF_PWM_FREQUENCY = "pwm_frequency"
diff --git a/esphome/const.py b/esphome/const.py
index 7262a106d8..bbd85ca66b 100644
--- a/esphome/const.py
+++ b/esphome/const.py
@@ -1094,6 +1094,7 @@ CONF_WAND_ID = "wand_id"
 CONF_WARM_WHITE = "warm_white"
 CONF_WARM_WHITE_COLOR_TEMPERATURE = "warm_white_color_temperature"
 CONF_WARMUP_TIME = "warmup_time"
+CONF_WATCHDOG = "watchdog"
 CONF_WATCHDOG_THRESHOLD = "watchdog_threshold"
 CONF_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT = "watchdog_timeout"
 CONF_WATER_HEATER = "water_heater"

From 727fa073777cb758dd580fd9ea31a664fc58133f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Mar 2026 11:44:53 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 315/609] Bump github/codeql-action from 4.32.4 to 4.32.5
 (#14416)

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .github/workflows/codeql.yml | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeql.yml b/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
index 5d7c32eaa9..4bd018b5c9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ jobs:
 
       # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
       - name: Initialize CodeQL
-        uses: github/codeql-action/init@89a39a4e59826350b863aa6b6252a07ad50cf83e # v4.32.4
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@c793b717bc78562f491db7b0e93a3a178b099162 # v4.32.5
         with:
           languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
           build-mode: ${{ matrix.build-mode }}
@@ -86,6 +86,6 @@ jobs:
           exit 1
 
       - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@89a39a4e59826350b863aa6b6252a07ad50cf83e # v4.32.4
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@c793b717bc78562f491db7b0e93a3a178b099162 # v4.32.5
         with:
           category: "/language:${{matrix.language}}"

From 2e623fd6c3f83870ddeac768b855cbf3ba51e517 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 2 Mar 2026 11:48:50 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 316/609] [tests] Fix flaky log assertion race in oversized
 payload tests (#14414)

---
 tests/integration/test_oversized_payloads.py | 69 ++++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 41 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/integration/test_oversized_payloads.py b/tests/integration/test_oversized_payloads.py
index 8bf890261a..be488347aa 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_oversized_payloads.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_oversized_payloads.py
@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@ async def test_oversized_payload_plaintext(
 ) -> None:
     """Test that oversized payloads (>32768 bytes) from client cause disconnection without crashing."""
     process_exited = False
-    helper_log_found = False
+    helper_log_event = asyncio.Event()
 
     def check_logs(line: str) -> None:
-        nonlocal process_exited, helper_log_found
+        nonlocal process_exited
         # Check for signs that the process exited/crashed
         if "Segmentation fault" in line or "core dumped" in line:
             process_exited = True
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ async def test_oversized_payload_plaintext(
             and "Bad packet: message size" in line
             and "exceeds maximum" in line
         ):
-            helper_log_found = True
+            helper_log_event.set()
 
     async with run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=check_logs):
         async with api_client_connected_with_disconnect() as (client, disconnect_event):
@@ -54,10 +54,13 @@ async def test_oversized_payload_plaintext(
 
         # After disconnection, verify process didn't crash
         assert not process_exited, "ESPHome process should not crash"
-        # Verify we saw the expected HELPER_LOG message
-        assert helper_log_found, (
-            "Expected to see HELPER_LOG about message size exceeding maximum"
-        )
+        # Wait for the expected log message (may arrive after disconnect event)
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(helper_log_event.wait(), timeout=2.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(
+                "Expected to see HELPER_LOG about message size exceeding maximum"
+            )
 
         # Try to reconnect to verify the process is still running
         async with api_client_connected_with_disconnect() as (client2, _):
@@ -77,10 +80,10 @@ async def test_oversized_protobuf_message_id_plaintext(
     This tests the message type limit - message IDs must fit in a uint16_t (0-65535).
     """
     process_exited = False
-    helper_log_found = False
+    helper_log_event = asyncio.Event()
 
     def check_logs(line: str) -> None:
-        nonlocal process_exited, helper_log_found
+        nonlocal process_exited
         # Check for signs that the process exited/crashed
         if "Segmentation fault" in line or "core dumped" in line:
             process_exited = True
@@ -90,7 +93,7 @@ async def test_oversized_protobuf_message_id_plaintext(
             and "Bad packet: message type" in line
             and "exceeds maximum" in line
         ):
-            helper_log_found = True
+            helper_log_event.set()
 
     async with run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=check_logs):
         async with api_client_connected_with_disconnect() as (client, disconnect_event):
@@ -114,10 +117,13 @@ async def test_oversized_protobuf_message_id_plaintext(
 
         # After disconnection, verify process didn't crash
         assert not process_exited, "ESPHome process should not crash"
-        # Verify we saw the expected HELPER_LOG message
-        assert helper_log_found, (
-            "Expected to see HELPER_LOG about message type exceeding maximum"
-        )
+        # Wait for the expected log message (may arrive after disconnect event)
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(helper_log_event.wait(), timeout=2.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(
+                "Expected to see HELPER_LOG about message type exceeding maximum"
+            )
 
         # Try to reconnect to verify the process is still running
         async with api_client_connected_with_disconnect() as (client2, _):
@@ -135,10 +141,10 @@ async def test_oversized_payload_noise(
     """Test that oversized payloads from client cause disconnection without crashing with noise encryption."""
     noise_key = "N4Yle5YirwZhPiHHsdZLdOA73ndj/84veVaLhTvxCuU="
     process_exited = False
-    helper_log_found = False
+    helper_log_event = asyncio.Event()
 
     def check_logs(line: str) -> None:
-        nonlocal process_exited, helper_log_found
+        nonlocal process_exited
         # Check for signs that the process exited/crashed
         if "Segmentation fault" in line or "core dumped" in line:
             process_exited = True
@@ -149,7 +155,7 @@ async def test_oversized_payload_noise(
             and "Bad packet: message size" in line
             and "exceeds maximum" in line
         ):
-            helper_log_found = True
+            helper_log_event.set()
 
     async with run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=check_logs):
         async with api_client_connected_with_disconnect(noise_psk=noise_key) as (
@@ -177,10 +183,13 @@ async def test_oversized_payload_noise(
 
         # After disconnection, verify process didn't crash
         assert not process_exited, "ESPHome process should not crash"
-        # Verify we saw the expected HELPER_LOG message
-        assert helper_log_found, (
-            "Expected to see HELPER_LOG about message size exceeding maximum"
-        )
+        # Wait for the expected log message (may arrive after disconnect event)
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(helper_log_event.wait(), timeout=2.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(
+                "Expected to see HELPER_LOG about message size exceeding maximum"
+            )
 
         # Try to reconnect to verify the process is still running
         async with api_client_connected_with_disconnect(noise_psk=noise_key) as (
@@ -274,10 +283,10 @@ async def test_noise_corrupt_encrypted_frame(
     """
     noise_key = "N4Yle5YirwZhPiHHsdZLdOA73ndj/84veVaLhTvxCuU="
     process_exited = False
-    cipherstate_failed = False
+    cipherstate_event = asyncio.Event()
 
     def check_logs(line: str) -> None:
-        nonlocal process_exited, cipherstate_failed
+        nonlocal process_exited
         # Check for signs that the process exited/crashed
         if "Segmentation fault" in line or "core dumped" in line:
             process_exited = True
@@ -290,7 +299,7 @@ async def test_noise_corrupt_encrypted_frame(
             "[W][api.connection" in line
             and "Reading failed CIPHERSTATE_DECRYPT_FAILED" in line
         ):
-            cipherstate_failed = True
+            cipherstate_event.set()
 
     async with run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=check_logs):
         async with api_client_connected_with_disconnect(noise_psk=noise_key) as (
@@ -326,10 +335,14 @@ async def test_noise_corrupt_encrypted_frame(
         assert not process_exited, (
             "ESPHome process should not crash on corrupt encrypted frames"
         )
-        # Verify we saw the expected log message about decryption failure
-        assert cipherstate_failed, (
-            "Expected to see log about noise_cipherstate_decrypt failure or CIPHERSTATE_DECRYPT_FAILED"
-        )
+        # Wait for the expected log message (may arrive after disconnect event)
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(cipherstate_event.wait(), timeout=2.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(
+                "Expected to see log about noise_cipherstate_decrypt failure"
+                " or CIPHERSTATE_DECRYPT_FAILED"
+            )
 
         # Verify we can still reconnect after handling the corrupt frame
         async with api_client_connected_with_disconnect(noise_psk=noise_key) as (

From 7a87348855aa7d49dc77926868717e0343bdb47a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Mar 2026 16:49:14 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 317/609] [ci] Skip PR title check for dependabot PRs (#14418)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .github/workflows/pr-title-check.yml | 9 +++++++--
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/pr-title-check.yml b/.github/workflows/pr-title-check.yml
index f23c2c870e..198b9a6b25 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/pr-title-check.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pr-title-check.yml
@@ -26,14 +26,19 @@ jobs:
             } = require('./.github/scripts/detect-tags.js');
 
             const title = context.payload.pull_request.title;
+            const author = context.payload.pull_request.user.login;
+
+            // Skip bot PRs (e.g. dependabot) - they have their own title format
+            if (author === 'dependabot[bot]') {
+              return;
+            }
 
             // Block titles starting with "word:" or "word(scope):" patterns
             const commitStylePattern = /^\w+(\(.*?\))?[!]?\s*:/;
             if (commitStylePattern.test(title)) {
               core.setFailed(
                 `PR title should not start with a "prefix:" style format.\n` +
-                `Please use the format: [component] Brief description\n` +
-                `Example: [pn532] Add health checking and auto-reset`
+                `Please use the format: [component] Brief description\n`
               );
               return;
             }

From 97d713ee6477c003a8241b0452c1bcf2d6557289 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kevin Ahrendt <kevin.ahrendt@openhomefoundation.org>
Date: Mon, 2 Mar 2026 19:16:38 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 318/609] [media_source] Add new Media Source platform
 component (#14417)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 CODEOWNERS                                    |   1 +
 esphome/components/media_source/__init__.py   |  40 +++++
 .../components/media_source/media_source.h    | 159 ++++++++++++++++++
 esphome/core/defines.h                        |   1 +
 4 files changed, 201 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/media_source/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/media_source/media_source.h

diff --git a/CODEOWNERS b/CODEOWNERS
index 4c97b7f99d..21bee125c6 100644
--- a/CODEOWNERS
+++ b/CODEOWNERS
@@ -316,6 +316,7 @@ esphome/components/mcp9808/* @k7hpn
 esphome/components/md5/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/mdns/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/media_player/* @jesserockz
+esphome/components/media_source/* @kahrendt
 esphome/components/micro_wake_word/* @jesserockz @kahrendt
 esphome/components/micronova/* @edenhaus @jorre05
 esphome/components/microphone/* @jesserockz @kahrendt
diff --git a/esphome/components/media_source/__init__.py b/esphome/components/media_source/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..43256db4af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/media_source/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.coroutine import CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@kahrendt"]
+
+AUTO_LOAD = ["audio"]
+
+IS_PLATFORM_COMPONENT = True
+
+media_source_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("media_source")
+
+MediaSource = media_source_ns.class_("MediaSource")
+
+
+async def register_media_source(var, config):
+    if not CORE.has_id(config[CONF_ID]):
+        var = cg.Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], var)
+    CORE.register_platform_component("media_source", var)
+    return var
+
+
+_MEDIA_SOURCE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema({})
+
+
+def media_source_schema(
+    class_: MockObjClass,
+) -> cv.Schema:
+    schema = {cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(class_)}
+
+    return _MEDIA_SOURCE_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
+
+
+@coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
+async def to_code(config):
+    cg.add_global(media_source_ns.using)
+    cg.add_define("USE_MEDIA_SOURCE")
diff --git a/esphome/components/media_source/media_source.h b/esphome/components/media_source/media_source.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..688c27134f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/media_source/media_source.h
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/audio/audio.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace esphome::media_source {
+
+enum class MediaSourceState : uint8_t {
+  IDLE,     // Not playing, ready to accept play_uri
+  PLAYING,  // Currently playing media
+  PAUSED,   // Playback paused, can be resumed
+  ERROR,    // Error occurred during playback; sources are responsible for logging their own error details
+};
+
+/// @brief Commands that are sent from the orchestrator to a media source
+enum class MediaSourceCommand : uint8_t {
+  // All sources should support these basic commands.
+  PLAY,
+  PAUSE,
+  STOP,
+
+  // Only sources with internal playlists will handle these; simple sources should ignore them.
+  NEXT,
+  PREVIOUS,
+  CLEAR_PLAYLIST,
+  REPEAT_ALL,
+  REPEAT_ONE,
+  REPEAT_OFF,
+  SHUFFLE,
+  UNSHUFFLE,
+};
+
+/// @brief Callbacks from a MediaSource to its orchestrator
+class MediaSourceListener {
+ public:
+  virtual ~MediaSourceListener() = default;
+
+  // Callbacks that all sources use to send data and state changes to the orchestrator.
+  /// @brief Send audio data to the listener
+  virtual size_t write_audio(const uint8_t *data, size_t length, uint32_t timeout_ms,
+                             const audio::AudioStreamInfo &stream_info) = 0;
+  /// @brief Notify listener of state changes
+  virtual void report_state(MediaSourceState state) = 0;
+
+  // Callbacks from smart sources requesting the orchestrator to change volume, mute, or start a new URI.
+  // Simple sources never invoke these.
+  /// @brief Request the orchestrator to change volume
+  virtual void request_volume(float volume) {}
+  /// @brief Request the orchestrator to change mute state
+  virtual void request_mute(bool is_muted) {}
+  /// @brief Request the orchestrator to play a new URI
+  virtual void request_play_uri(const std::string &uri) {}
+};
+
+/// @brief Abstract base class for media sources
+/// MediaSource provides audio data to an orchestrator via the MediaSourceListener interface. It also receives commands
+/// from the orchestrator to control playback.
+class MediaSource {
+ public:
+  virtual ~MediaSource() = default;
+
+  // === Playback Control ===
+
+  /// @brief Start playing the given URI
+  /// Sources should validate the URI and state, returning false if the source is busy.
+  /// The orchestrator is responsible for stopping active sources before starting a new one.
+  /// @param uri URI to play; e.g., "http://stream_url"
+  /// @return true if playback started successfully, false otherwise
+  virtual bool play_uri(const std::string &uri) = 0;
+
+  /// @brief Handle playback commands (pause, stop, next, etc.)
+  /// @param command Command to execute
+  virtual void handle_command(MediaSourceCommand command) = 0;
+
+  /// @brief Whether this source manages its own playlist internally
+  /// Smart sources that handle next/previous/repeat/shuffle should override this to return true.
+  virtual bool has_internal_playlist() const { return false; }
+
+  // === State Access ===
+
+  /// @brief Get current playback state (must only be called from the main loop)
+  /// @return Current state of this source
+  MediaSourceState get_state() const { return this->state_; }
+
+  // === URI Matching ===
+
+  /// @brief Check if this source can handle the given URI
+  /// Each source must override this to match its supported URI scheme(s).
+  /// @param uri URI to check
+  /// @return true if this source can handle the URI
+  virtual bool can_handle(const std::string &uri) const = 0;
+
+  // === Listener: Source -> Orchestrator ===
+
+  /// @brief Set the listener that receives callbacks from this source
+  /// @param listener Pointer to the MediaSourceListener implementation
+  void set_listener(MediaSourceListener *listener) { this->listener_ = listener; }
+
+  /// @brief Check if a listener has been registered
+  bool has_listener() const { return this->listener_ != nullptr; }
+
+  /// @brief Write audio data to the listener
+  /// @param data Pointer to audio data buffer (not modified by this method)
+  /// @param length Number of bytes to write
+  /// @param timeout_ms Milliseconds to wait if the listener can't accept data immediately
+  /// @param stream_info Audio stream format information
+  /// @return Number of bytes written, or 0 if no listener is set
+  size_t write_output(const uint8_t *data, size_t length, uint32_t timeout_ms,
+                      const audio::AudioStreamInfo &stream_info) {
+    if (this->listener_ != nullptr) {
+      return this->listener_->write_audio(data, length, timeout_ms, stream_info);
+    }
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  // === Callbacks: Orchestrator -> Source ===
+
+  /// @brief Notify the source that volume changed
+  /// Simple sources ignore this. Override for smart sources that track volume state.
+  /// @param volume New volume level (0.0 to 1.0)
+  virtual void notify_volume_changed(float volume) {}
+
+  /// @brief Notify the source that mute state changed
+  /// Simple sources ignore this. Override for smart sources that track mute state.
+  /// @param is_muted New mute state
+  virtual void notify_mute_changed(bool is_muted) {}
+
+  /// @brief Notify the source about audio that has been played
+  /// Called when the speaker reports that audio frames have been written to the DAC.
+  /// Sources can override this to track playback progress for synchronization.
+  /// @param frames Number of audio frames that were played
+  /// @param timestamp System time in microseconds when the frames finished writing to the DAC
+  virtual void notify_audio_played(uint32_t frames, int64_t timestamp) {}
+
+ protected:
+  /// @brief Update state and notify listener (must only be called from the main loop)
+  /// This is the only way to change state_, ensuring listener notifications always fire.
+  /// Sources running FreeRTOS tasks should signal via event groups and call this from loop().
+  /// @param state New state to set
+  void set_state_(MediaSourceState state) {
+    if (this->state_ != state) {
+      this->state_ = state;
+      if (this->listener_ != nullptr) {
+        this->listener_->report_state(state);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // Private to enforce the invariant that listener notifications always fire on state changes.
+  // All state transitions must go through set_state_() which couples the update with notification.
+  MediaSourceState state_{MediaSourceState::IDLE};
+  MediaSourceListener *listener_{nullptr};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::media_source
diff --git a/esphome/core/defines.h b/esphome/core/defines.h
index 8c78afa7d4..7fbc5a0b53 100644
--- a/esphome/core/defines.h
+++ b/esphome/core/defines.h
@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@
 #define MDNS_DYNAMIC_TXT_COUNT 2
 #define SNTP_SERVER_COUNT 3
 #define USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
+#define USE_MEDIA_SOURCE
 #define USE_NEXTION_TFT_UPLOAD
 #define USE_NUMBER
 #define USE_OUTPUT

From c77241940b701e8a8c5709374340c80b75e7e7c6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: melak <ice@extreme.hu>
Date: Tue, 3 Mar 2026 02:24:00 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 319/609] [lps22] Add support for the LPS22DF variant (#14397)

---
 esphome/components/lps22/lps22.cpp | 5 +++--
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/lps22/lps22.cpp b/esphome/components/lps22/lps22.cpp
index 7fc5774b08..592b7faaf0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lps22/lps22.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/lps22/lps22.cpp
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ static constexpr const char *const TAG = "lps22";
 static constexpr uint8_t WHO_AM_I = 0x0F;
 static constexpr uint8_t LPS22HB_ID = 0xB1;
 static constexpr uint8_t LPS22HH_ID = 0xB3;
+static constexpr uint8_t LPS22DF_ID = 0xB4;
 static constexpr uint8_t CTRL_REG2 = 0x11;
 static constexpr uint8_t CTRL_REG2_ONE_SHOT_MASK = 0b1;
 static constexpr uint8_t STATUS = 0x27;
@@ -24,8 +25,8 @@ static constexpr float TEMPERATURE_SCALE = 0.01f;
 void LPS22Component::setup() {
   uint8_t value = 0x00;
   this->read_register(WHO_AM_I, &value, 1);
-  if (value != LPS22HB_ID && value != LPS22HH_ID) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "device IDs as %02x, which isn't a known LPS22HB or LPS22HH ID", value);
+  if (value != LPS22HB_ID && value != LPS22HH_ID && value != LPS22DF_ID) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "device IDs as %02x, which isn't a known LPS22HB/HH/DF ID", value);
     this->mark_failed();
   }
 }

From ae49b673218a9c5857c6cc8670a8fa4185d6c8ee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Cody Cutrer <cody@cutrer.us>
Date: Mon, 2 Mar 2026 18:47:40 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 320/609] [ld2450] Clear all related sensors when a target is
 not being tracked (#13602)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@koston.org>
---
 esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp | 27 +++++++++++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
index 583918e5f5..eb17cc7de7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
@@ -474,15 +474,12 @@ void LD2450Component::handle_periodic_data_() {
     is_moving = false;
     // tx is used for further calculations, so always needs to be populated
     tx = ld2450::decode_coordinate(this->buffer_data_[start], this->buffer_data_[start + 1]);
-    SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR(this->move_x_sensors_[index], tx);
     // Y
     start = TARGET_Y + index * 8;
     ty = ld2450::decode_coordinate(this->buffer_data_[start], this->buffer_data_[start + 1]);
-    SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR(this->move_y_sensors_[index], ty);
     // RESOLUTION
     start = TARGET_RESOLUTION + index * 8;
     res = (this->buffer_data_[start + 1] << 8) | this->buffer_data_[start];
-    SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR(this->move_resolution_sensors_[index], res);
 #endif
     // SPEED
     start = TARGET_SPEED + index * 8;
@@ -491,9 +488,6 @@ void LD2450Component::handle_periodic_data_() {
       is_moving = true;
       moving_target_count++;
     }
-#ifdef USE_SENSOR
-    SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR(this->move_speed_sensors_[index], ts);
-#endif
     // DISTANCE
     // Optimized: use already decoded tx and ty values, replace pow() with multiplication
     int32_t x_squared = (int32_t) tx * tx;
@@ -503,10 +497,23 @@ void LD2450Component::handle_periodic_data_() {
       target_count++;
     }
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
-    SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR(this->move_distance_sensors_[index], td);
-    // ANGLE - atan2f computes angle from Y axis directly, no sqrt/division needed
-    angle = atan2f(static_cast<float>(-tx), static_cast<float>(ty)) * (180.0f / std::numbers::pi_v<float>);
-    SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR(this->move_angle_sensors_[index], angle);
+    if (td == 0) {
+      SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR_UNKNOWN(this->move_x_sensors_[index]);
+      SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR_UNKNOWN(this->move_y_sensors_[index]);
+      SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR_UNKNOWN(this->move_resolution_sensors_[index]);
+      SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR_UNKNOWN(this->move_speed_sensors_[index]);
+      SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR_UNKNOWN(this->move_distance_sensors_[index]);
+      SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR_UNKNOWN(this->move_angle_sensors_[index]);
+    } else {
+      SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR(this->move_x_sensors_[index], tx);
+      SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR(this->move_y_sensors_[index], ty);
+      SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR(this->move_resolution_sensors_[index], res);
+      SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR(this->move_speed_sensors_[index], ts);
+      SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR(this->move_distance_sensors_[index], td);
+      // ANGLE - atan2f computes angle from Y axis directly, no sqrt/division needed
+      angle = atan2f(static_cast<float>(-tx), static_cast<float>(ty)) * (180.0f / std::numbers::pi_v<float>);
+      SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR(this->move_angle_sensors_[index], angle);
+    }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
     // DIRECTION

From db15b94cd7b0a2f323572ca66c172246c28752a1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 2 Mar 2026 17:17:20 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 321/609] [core] Inline
 HighFrequencyLoopRequester::is_high_frequency() (#14423)

---
 esphome/core/helpers.cpp | 1 -
 esphome/core/helpers.h   | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/helpers.cpp b/esphome/core/helpers.cpp
index 6d801e7ebc..c75799fe57 100644
--- a/esphome/core/helpers.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/helpers.cpp
@@ -794,7 +794,6 @@ void HighFrequencyLoopRequester::stop() {
   num_requests--;
   this->started_ = false;
 }
-bool HighFrequencyLoopRequester::is_high_frequency() { return num_requests > 0; }
 
 std::string get_mac_address() {
   uint8_t mac[6];
diff --git a/esphome/core/helpers.h b/esphome/core/helpers.h
index ae505a2d8a..187b383f65 100644
--- a/esphome/core/helpers.h
+++ b/esphome/core/helpers.h
@@ -1732,7 +1732,7 @@ class HighFrequencyLoopRequester {
   void stop();
 
   /// Check whether the loop is running continuously.
-  static bool is_high_frequency();
+  static bool is_high_frequency() { return num_requests > 0; }
 
  protected:
   bool started_{false};

From 60d66ca2dcdc59a351c51a070c5fd326d84d2fda Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: schrob <83939986+schdro@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 3 Mar 2026 05:28:01 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 322/609] [openthread] Add tx power option (#14200)

Co-authored-by: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/openthread/__init__.py     | 30 ++++++++++++++++++-
 esphome/components/openthread/openthread.cpp  |  3 ++
 esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h    |  2 ++
 .../components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp  |  6 ++++
 .../openthread/test.esp32-c6-idf.yaml         |  1 +
 5 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread/__init__.py b/esphome/components/openthread/__init__.py
index 5861c3db3f..5c64cf31dc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/openthread/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread/__init__.py
@@ -4,13 +4,20 @@ from esphome.components.esp32 import (
     VARIANT_ESP32C6,
     VARIANT_ESP32H2,
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option,
+    get_esp32_variant,
     include_builtin_idf_component,
     only_on_variant,
     require_vfs_select,
 )
 from esphome.components.mdns import MDNSComponent, enable_mdns_storage
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ENABLE_IPV6, CONF_ID, CONF_USE_ADDRESS
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_CHANNEL,
+    CONF_ENABLE_IPV6,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_OUTPUT_POWER,
+    CONF_USE_ADDRESS,
+)
 from esphome.core import CORE, TimePeriodMilliseconds
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
@@ -45,6 +52,20 @@ CONF_DEVICE_TYPES = [
 ]
 
 
+def _validate_txpower(value):
+    if CORE.is_esp32:
+        variant = get_esp32_variant()
+
+        # HW limits: Datasheet section "802.15.4 RF Transmitter (TX) Characteristics"
+        # Further regulatory/soft limit may apply, e.g. by region
+        if variant in (VARIANT_ESP32C6, VARIANT_ESP32C5):
+            return cv.int_range(min=-15, max=20)(value)
+        if variant == VARIANT_ESP32H2:
+            return cv.int_range(min=-24, max=20)(value)
+
+    return value  # Unsupported, fail later with clear error
+
+
 def set_sdkconfig_options(config):
     # and expose options for using SPI/UART RCPs
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_IEEE802154_ENABLED", True)
@@ -155,6 +176,10 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.Optional(CONF_TLV): cv.string_strict,
             cv.Optional(CONF_USE_ADDRESS): cv.string_strict,
             cv.Optional(CONF_POLL_PERIOD): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_OUTPUT_POWER): cv.All(
+                cv.decibel,
+                _validate_txpower,
+            ),
         }
     ).extend(_CONNECTION_SCHEMA),
     cv.has_exactly_one_key(CONF_NETWORK_KEY, CONF_TLV),
@@ -197,4 +222,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.add(srp.set_mdns(mdns_component))
     await cg.register_component(srp, config)
 
+    if (output_power := config.get(CONF_OUTPUT_POWER)) is not None:
+        cg.add(ot.set_output_power(output_power))
+
     set_sdkconfig_options(config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.cpp b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.cpp
index d22a14aeae..92897a7e96 100644
--- a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.cpp
@@ -43,6 +43,9 @@ void OpenThreadComponent::dump_config() {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Device is configured as Minimal End Device (MED)");
   }
 #endif
+  if (this->output_power_.has_value()) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Output power: %" PRId8 "dBm", *this->output_power_);
+  }
 }
 
 bool OpenThreadComponent::is_connected() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h
index 9e429f289b..728847afa5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ class OpenThreadComponent : public Component {
 #if CONFIG_OPENTHREAD_MTD
   void set_poll_period(uint32_t poll_period) { this->poll_period_ = poll_period; }
 #endif
+  void set_output_power(int8_t output_power) { this->output_power_ = output_power; }
 
  protected:
   std::optional<otIp6Address> get_omr_address_(InstanceLock &lock);
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ class OpenThreadComponent : public Component {
 #if CONFIG_OPENTHREAD_MTD
   uint32_t poll_period_{0};
 #endif
+  std::optional<int8_t> output_power_{};
   bool teardown_started_{false};
   bool teardown_complete_{false};
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp
index 9dd68a1ccc..2af78b729f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp
@@ -135,6 +135,12 @@ void OpenThreadComponent::ot_main() {
            TRUEFALSE(link_mode_config.mRxOnWhenIdle));
 #endif
 
+  if (this->output_power_.has_value()) {
+    if (const auto err = otPlatRadioSetTransmitPower(instance, *this->output_power_); err != OT_ERROR_NONE) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to set power: %s", otThreadErrorToString(err));
+    }
+  }
+
   // Run the main loop
 #if CONFIG_OPENTHREAD_CLI
   esp_openthread_cli_create_task();
diff --git a/tests/components/openthread/test.esp32-c6-idf.yaml b/tests/components/openthread/test.esp32-c6-idf.yaml
index 9df63b2f29..77abc433c1 100644
--- a/tests/components/openthread/test.esp32-c6-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/openthread/test.esp32-c6-idf.yaml
@@ -13,3 +13,4 @@ openthread:
   force_dataset: true
   use_address: open-thread-test.local
   poll_period: 20sec
+  output_power: 1dBm

From 903c67c99499ebdfb60c68816a3cd61114f44897 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jesse Hills <3060199+jesserockz@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 3 Mar 2026 22:16:54 +1300
Subject: [PATCH 323/609] Revert "[wifi] Revert cyw43_wifi_link_status change
 for RP2040"

This reverts commit 1b5bf2c84875977030d073228d31153fe7af64e5.
---
 esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp | 7 ++++++-
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp
index ad07e1ff25..270425d8c2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp
@@ -121,7 +121,12 @@ const char *get_disconnect_reason_str(uint8_t reason) {
 }
 
 WiFiSTAConnectStatus WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_connect_status_() const {
-  int status = cyw43_tcpip_link_status(&cyw43_state, CYW43_ITF_STA);
+  // Use cyw43_wifi_link_status instead of cyw43_tcpip_link_status because the Arduino
+  // framework's __wrap_cyw43_cb_tcpip_init is a no-op — the SDK's internal netif
+  // (cyw43_state.netif[]) is never initialized. cyw43_tcpip_link_status checks that netif's
+  // flags and would only fall through to cyw43_wifi_link_status when the flags aren't set.
+  // Using cyw43_wifi_link_status directly gives us the actual WiFi radio join state.
+  int status = cyw43_wifi_link_status(&cyw43_state, CYW43_ITF_STA);
   switch (status) {
     case CYW43_LINK_JOIN:
       // WiFi joined, check if we have an IP address via the Arduino framework's WiFi class

From cfde0613bbed38f9ce3d86affcde5fd0b300e972 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clyde Stubbs <2366188+clydebarrow@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 3 Mar 2026 23:53:18 +1100
Subject: [PATCH 324/609] [const][uart][usb_uart][weikai][core] Move constants
 to components/const (#14430)

---
 esphome/components/const/__init__.py                          | 3 +++
 esphome/components/uart/__init__.py                           | 4 +---
 esphome/components/usb_uart/__init__.py                       | 4 +---
 esphome/components/weikai/__init__.py                         | 4 +---
 esphome/const.py                                              | 3 ---
 .../fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/__init__.py        | 4 +---
 6 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/const/__init__.py b/esphome/components/const/__init__.py
index 3201db5dfd..059bf3f26a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/const/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/const/__init__.py
@@ -8,14 +8,17 @@ BYTE_ORDER_BIG = "big_endian"
 
 CONF_COLOR_DEPTH = "color_depth"
 CONF_CRC_ENABLE = "crc_enable"
+CONF_DATA_BITS = "data_bits"
 CONF_DRAW_ROUNDING = "draw_rounding"
 CONF_ENABLED = "enabled"
 CONF_IGNORE_NOT_FOUND = "ignore_not_found"
 CONF_ON_PACKET = "on_packet"
 CONF_ON_RECEIVE = "on_receive"
 CONF_ON_STATE_CHANGE = "on_state_change"
+CONF_PARITY = "parity"
 CONF_REQUEST_HEADERS = "request_headers"
 CONF_ROWS = "rows"
+CONF_STOP_BITS = "stop_bits"
 CONF_USE_PSRAM = "use_psram"
 
 ICON_CURRENT_DC = "mdi:current-dc"
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/__init__.py b/esphome/components/uart/__init__.py
index 69db4b44aa..3bc4263b31 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/__init__.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import re
 
 from esphome import automation, pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_DATA_BITS, CONF_PARITY, CONF_STOP_BITS
 from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_platform
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
@@ -11,7 +12,6 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BAUD_RATE,
     CONF_BYTES,
     CONF_DATA,
-    CONF_DATA_BITS,
     CONF_DEBUG,
     CONF_DELIMITER,
     CONF_DIRECTION,
@@ -21,12 +21,10 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_LAMBDA,
     CONF_NUMBER,
-    CONF_PARITY,
     CONF_PORT,
     CONF_RX_BUFFER_SIZE,
     CONF_RX_PIN,
     CONF_SEQUENCE,
-    CONF_STOP_BITS,
     CONF_TIMEOUT,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
     CONF_TX_PIN,
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/__init__.py b/esphome/components/usb_uart/__init__.py
index cc69c0cb5a..f0ee53d028 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import socket
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_DATA_BITS, CONF_PARITY, CONF_STOP_BITS
 from esphome.components.uart import UARTComponent
 from esphome.components.usb_host import register_usb_client, usb_device_schema
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -7,12 +8,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BAUD_RATE,
     CONF_BUFFER_SIZE,
     CONF_CHANNELS,
-    CONF_DATA_BITS,
     CONF_DEBUG,
     CONF_DUMMY_RECEIVER,
     CONF_ID,
-    CONF_PARITY,
-    CONF_STOP_BITS,
 )
 from esphome.cpp_types import Component
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/weikai/__init__.py b/esphome/components/weikai/__init__.py
index 66cd4ce12a..bc80f167ef 100644
--- a/esphome/components/weikai/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/weikai/__init__.py
@@ -1,18 +1,16 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_DATA_BITS, CONF_PARITY, CONF_STOP_BITS
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BAUD_RATE,
     CONF_CHANNEL,
-    CONF_DATA_BITS,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_INPUT,
     CONF_INVERTED,
     CONF_MODE,
     CONF_NUMBER,
     CONF_OUTPUT,
-    CONF_PARITY,
-    CONF_STOP_BITS,
 )
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@DrCoolZic"]
diff --git a/esphome/const.py b/esphome/const.py
index bbd85ca66b..d5625f6a54 100644
--- a/esphome/const.py
+++ b/esphome/const.py
@@ -280,7 +280,6 @@ CONF_CUSTOM_PRESETS = "custom_presets"
 CONF_CYCLE = "cycle"
 CONF_DALLAS_ID = "dallas_id"
 CONF_DATA = "data"
-CONF_DATA_BITS = "data_bits"
 CONF_DATA_PIN = "data_pin"
 CONF_DATA_PINS = "data_pins"
 CONF_DATA_RATE = "data_rate"
@@ -760,7 +759,6 @@ CONF_PAGE_ID = "page_id"
 CONF_PAGES = "pages"
 CONF_PANASONIC = "panasonic"
 CONF_PARAMETERS = "parameters"
-CONF_PARITY = "parity"
 CONF_PASSWORD = "password"
 CONF_PATH = "path"
 CONF_PATTERN = "pattern"
@@ -963,7 +961,6 @@ CONF_STEP_PIN = "step_pin"
 CONF_STILL_THRESHOLD = "still_threshold"
 CONF_STOP = "stop"
 CONF_STOP_ACTION = "stop_action"
-CONF_STOP_BITS = "stop_bits"
 CONF_STORE_BASELINE = "store_baseline"
 CONF_SUBNET = "subnet"
 CONF_SUBSCRIBE_QOS = "subscribe_qos"
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/__init__.py b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/__init__.py
index dea8c38551..8deab4c21e 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_DATA_BITS, CONF_PARITY, CONF_STOP_BITS
 from esphome.components.uart import (
     CONF_RX_FULL_THRESHOLD,
     CONF_RX_TIMEOUT,
@@ -12,14 +13,11 @@ import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BAUD_RATE,
     CONF_DATA,
-    CONF_DATA_BITS,
     CONF_DEBUG,
     CONF_DELAY,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_INTERVAL,
-    CONF_PARITY,
     CONF_RX_BUFFER_SIZE,
-    CONF_STOP_BITS,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
 )
 from esphome.core import ID

From b6f0bb9b6bcf12f7021a4904df24954712ab0f78 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: rwrozelle <rwrozelle@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 3 Mar 2026 07:59:01 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 325/609] [speaker] Add off on capability to media player
 (#9295)

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci-lite[bot] <117423508+pre-commit-ci-lite[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Kevin Ahrendt <kevin.ahrendt@openhomefoundation.org>
---
 .../speaker/media_player/__init__.py          |  5 ++
 .../media_player/speaker_media_player.cpp     | 61 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../media_player/speaker_media_player.h       |  3 +
 esphome/core/defines.h                        |  1 +
 .../speaker/common-media_player_off_on.yaml   | 18 ++++++
 .../media_player_off_on.esp32-idf.yaml        |  9 +++
 6 files changed, 97 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tests/components/speaker/common-media_player_off_on.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/components/speaker/media_player_off_on.esp32-idf.yaml

diff --git a/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/__init__.py b/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/__init__.py
index b302bd9b23..42ca762858 100644
--- a/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/__init__.py
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_FORMAT,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_NUM_CHANNELS,
+    CONF_ON_TURN_OFF,
+    CONF_ON_TURN_ON,
     CONF_PATH,
     CONF_RAW_DATA_ID,
     CONF_SAMPLE_RATE,
@@ -401,6 +403,9 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
+    if CONF_ON_TURN_OFF in config or CONF_ON_TURN_ON in config:
+        cg.add_define("USE_SPEAKER_MEDIA_PLAYER_ON_OFF", True)
+
     var = await media_player.new_media_player(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/speaker_media_player.cpp b/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/speaker_media_player.cpp
index fdf6bf66cd..3f5cb2fda6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/speaker_media_player.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/speaker_media_player.cpp
@@ -51,7 +51,11 @@ static const UBaseType_t ANNOUNCEMENT_PIPELINE_TASK_PRIORITY = 1;
 static const char *const TAG = "speaker_media_player";
 
 void SpeakerMediaPlayer::setup() {
+#ifdef USE_SPEAKER_MEDIA_PLAYER_ON_OFF
+  state = media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_OFF;
+#else
   state = media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_IDLE;
+#endif
 
   this->media_control_command_queue_ = xQueueCreate(MEDIA_CONTROLS_QUEUE_LENGTH, sizeof(MediaCallCommand));
 
@@ -128,6 +132,12 @@ void SpeakerMediaPlayer::watch_media_commands_() {
     bool enqueue = media_command.enqueue.has_value() && media_command.enqueue.value();
 
     if (media_command.url.has_value() || media_command.file.has_value()) {
+#ifdef USE_SPEAKER_MEDIA_PLAYER_ON_OFF
+      if (this->state == media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_OFF) {
+        this->state = media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_ON;
+        publish_state();
+      }
+#endif
       PlaylistItem playlist_item;
       if (media_command.url.has_value()) {
         playlist_item.url = *media_command.url.value();
@@ -184,6 +194,12 @@ void SpeakerMediaPlayer::watch_media_commands_() {
     if (media_command.command.has_value()) {
       switch (media_command.command.value()) {
         case media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_PLAY:
+#ifdef USE_SPEAKER_MEDIA_PLAYER_ON_OFF
+          if (this->state == media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_OFF) {
+            this->state = media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_ON;
+            publish_state();
+          }
+#endif
           if ((this->media_pipeline_ != nullptr) && (this->is_paused_)) {
             this->media_pipeline_->set_pause_state(false);
           }
@@ -195,10 +211,26 @@ void SpeakerMediaPlayer::watch_media_commands_() {
           }
           this->is_paused_ = true;
           break;
+#ifdef USE_SPEAKER_MEDIA_PLAYER_ON_OFF
+        case media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_TURN_ON:
+          if (this->state == media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_OFF) {
+            this->state = media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_ON;
+            this->publish_state();
+          }
+          break;
+        case media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_TURN_OFF:
+          this->is_turn_off_ = true;
+          // Intentional Fall-through
+#endif
         case media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_STOP:
           // Pipelines do not stop immediately after calling the stop command, so confirm its stopped before unpausing.
           // This avoids an audible short segment playing after receiving the stop command in a paused state.
+#ifdef USE_SPEAKER_MEDIA_PLAYER_ON_OFF
+          if (this->single_pipeline_() || (media_command.announce.has_value() && media_command.announce.value()) ||
+              (this->is_turn_off_ && this->announcement_pipeline_state_ != AudioPipelineState::STOPPED)) {
+#else
           if (this->single_pipeline_() || (media_command.announce.has_value() && media_command.announce.value())) {
+#endif
             if (this->announcement_pipeline_ != nullptr) {
               this->cancel_timeout("next_ann");
               this->announcement_playlist_.clear();
@@ -366,7 +398,13 @@ void SpeakerMediaPlayer::loop() {
       }
     } else {
       if (this->is_paused_) {
+#ifdef USE_SPEAKER_MEDIA_PLAYER_ON_OFF
+        if (this->state != media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_OFF) {
+          this->state = media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_PAUSED;
+        }
+#else
         this->state = media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_PAUSED;
+#endif
       } else if (this->media_pipeline_state_ == AudioPipelineState::PLAYING) {
         this->state = media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_PLAYING;
       } else if (this->media_pipeline_state_ == AudioPipelineState::STOPPED) {
@@ -399,7 +437,13 @@ void SpeakerMediaPlayer::loop() {
             }
           }
         } else {
+#ifdef USE_SPEAKER_MEDIA_PLAYER_ON_OFF
+          if (this->state != media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_OFF) {
+            this->state = media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_IDLE;
+          }
+#else
           this->state = media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_IDLE;
+#endif
         }
       }
     }
@@ -409,6 +453,20 @@ void SpeakerMediaPlayer::loop() {
     this->publish_state();
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "State changed to %s", media_player::media_player_state_to_string(this->state));
   }
+#ifdef USE_SPEAKER_MEDIA_PLAYER_ON_OFF
+  if (this->is_turn_off_ && (this->state == media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_PAUSED ||
+                             this->state == media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_IDLE)) {
+    this->is_turn_off_ = false;
+    if (this->state == media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_PAUSED) {
+      this->state = media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_IDLE;
+      this->publish_state();
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "State changed to %s", media_player::media_player_state_to_string(this->state));
+    }
+    this->state = media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_OFF;
+    this->publish_state();
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "State changed to %s", media_player::media_player_state_to_string(this->state));
+  }
+#endif
 }
 
 void SpeakerMediaPlayer::play_file(audio::AudioFile *media_file, bool announcement, bool enqueue) {
@@ -481,6 +539,9 @@ media_player::MediaPlayerTraits SpeakerMediaPlayer::get_traits() {
   if (!this->single_pipeline_()) {
     traits.set_supports_pause(true);
   }
+#ifdef USE_SPEAKER_MEDIA_PLAYER_ON_OFF
+  traits.set_supports_turn_off_on(true);
+#endif
 
   if (this->announcement_format_.has_value()) {
     traits.get_supported_formats().push_back(this->announcement_format_.value());
diff --git a/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/speaker_media_player.h b/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/speaker_media_player.h
index 6796fc9c00..3fa6f47b84 100644
--- a/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/speaker_media_player.h
+++ b/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/speaker_media_player.h
@@ -144,6 +144,9 @@ class SpeakerMediaPlayer : public Component,
 
   bool is_paused_{false};
   bool is_muted_{false};
+#ifdef USE_SPEAKER_MEDIA_PLAYER_ON_OFF
+  bool is_turn_off_{false};
+#endif
   uint8_t unpause_media_remaining_{0};
   uint8_t unpause_announcement_remaining_{0};
 
diff --git a/esphome/core/defines.h b/esphome/core/defines.h
index 7fbc5a0b53..8d778edf2a 100644
--- a/esphome/core/defines.h
+++ b/esphome/core/defines.h
@@ -233,6 +233,7 @@
 #define USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
 #define USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE
 #define USE_SPEAKER
+#define USE_SPEAKER_MEDIA_PLAYER_ON_OFF
 #define USE_SPI
 #define USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
 #define USE_WEBSERVER
diff --git a/tests/components/speaker/common-media_player_off_on.yaml b/tests/components/speaker/common-media_player_off_on.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a5bea62c84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/speaker/common-media_player_off_on.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<<: !include common.yaml
+
+media_player:
+  - platform: speaker
+    id: speaker_media_player_id
+    announcement_pipeline:
+      speaker: speaker_id
+    buffer_size: 1000000
+    volume_increment: 0.02
+    volume_max: 0.95
+    volume_min: 0.0
+    task_stack_in_psram: true
+    on_turn_on:
+      then:
+        - logger.log: "Turn On Media Player"
+    on_turn_off:
+      then:
+        - logger.log: "Turn Off Media Player"
diff --git a/tests/components/speaker/media_player_off_on.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/speaker/media_player_off_on.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2d5eefff19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/speaker/media_player_off_on.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+substitutions:
+  scl_pin: GPIO16
+  sda_pin: GPIO17
+  i2s_bclk_pin: GPIO27
+  i2s_lrclk_pin: GPIO26
+  i2s_mclk_pin: GPIO25
+  i2s_dout_pin: GPIO23
+
+<<: !include common-media_player_off_on.yaml

From d53ff7892a85d623f7c116c253075d82b2fd0a95 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Tue, 3 Mar 2026 07:03:02 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 326/609] [socket] Cache lwip_sock pointers and inline ready()
 chain (#14408)

---
 .../components/socket/bsd_sockets_impl.cpp    | 33 +++++++-------
 esphome/components/socket/bsd_sockets_impl.h  |  7 +++
 .../components/socket/lwip_sockets_impl.cpp   | 33 +++++++-------
 esphome/components/socket/lwip_sockets_impl.h |  7 +++
 esphome/components/socket/socket.cpp          |  6 ++-
 esphome/components/socket/socket.h            | 45 +++++++++++++++++--
 esphome/core/application.cpp                  | 43 ++++++++++++------
 esphome/core/application.h                    | 32 ++++++-------
 esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.c               | 28 +++++-------
 esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h               | 45 ++++++++++++++++---
 10 files changed, 190 insertions(+), 89 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/bsd_sockets_impl.cpp b/esphome/components/socket/bsd_sockets_impl.cpp
index 92ecfc692b..aea7c776c6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/bsd_sockets_impl.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/bsd_sockets_impl.cpp
@@ -11,11 +11,15 @@ namespace esphome::socket {
 
 BSDSocketImpl::BSDSocketImpl(int fd, bool monitor_loop) {
   this->fd_ = fd;
-  // Register new socket with the application for select() if monitoring requested
-  if (monitor_loop && this->fd_ >= 0) {
-    // Only set loop_monitored_ to true if registration succeeds
-    this->loop_monitored_ = App.register_socket_fd(this->fd_);
-  }
+  if (!monitor_loop || this->fd_ < 0)
+    return;
+#ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
+  // Cache lwip_sock pointer and register for monitoring (hooks callback internally)
+  this->cached_sock_ = esphome_lwip_get_sock(this->fd_);
+  this->loop_monitored_ = App.register_socket(this->cached_sock_);
+#else
+  this->loop_monitored_ = App.register_socket_fd(this->fd_);
+#endif
 }
 
 BSDSocketImpl::~BSDSocketImpl() {
@@ -26,10 +30,17 @@ BSDSocketImpl::~BSDSocketImpl() {
 
 int BSDSocketImpl::close() {
   if (!this->closed_) {
-    // Unregister from select() before closing if monitored
+    // Unregister before closing to avoid dangling pointer in monitored set
+#ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
+    if (this->loop_monitored_) {
+      App.unregister_socket(this->cached_sock_);
+      this->cached_sock_ = nullptr;
+    }
+#else
     if (this->loop_monitored_) {
       App.unregister_socket_fd(this->fd_);
     }
+#endif
     int ret = ::close(this->fd_);
     this->closed_ = true;
     return ret;
@@ -48,8 +59,6 @@ int BSDSocketImpl::setblocking(bool blocking) {
   return 0;
 }
 
-bool BSDSocketImpl::ready() const { return socket_ready_fd(this->fd_, this->loop_monitored_); }
-
 size_t BSDSocketImpl::getpeername_to(std::span<char, SOCKADDR_STR_LEN> buf) {
   struct sockaddr_storage storage;
   socklen_t len = sizeof(storage);
@@ -86,14 +95,6 @@ std::unique_ptr<Socket> socket_loop_monitored(int domain, int type, int protocol
   return create_socket(domain, type, protocol, true);
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<ListenSocket> socket_listen(int domain, int type, int protocol) {
-  return create_socket(domain, type, protocol, false);
-}
-
-std::unique_ptr<ListenSocket> socket_listen_loop_monitored(int domain, int type, int protocol) {
-  return create_socket(domain, type, protocol, true);
-}
-
 }  // namespace esphome::socket
 
 #endif  // USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/bsd_sockets_impl.h b/esphome/components/socket/bsd_sockets_impl.h
index d9ed9dc567..9ebbe72002 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/bsd_sockets_impl.h
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/bsd_sockets_impl.h
@@ -13,6 +13,10 @@
 #include <lwip/sockets.h>
 #endif
 
+#ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
+struct lwip_sock;
+#endif
+
 namespace esphome::socket {
 
 class BSDSocketImpl {
@@ -105,6 +109,9 @@ class BSDSocketImpl {
 
  protected:
   int fd_{-1};
+#ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
+  struct lwip_sock *cached_sock_{nullptr};  // Cached for direct rcvevent read in ready()
+#endif
   bool closed_{false};
   bool loop_monitored_{false};
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_sockets_impl.cpp b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_sockets_impl.cpp
index 0322820ef4..2fad429e0f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_sockets_impl.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_sockets_impl.cpp
@@ -11,11 +11,15 @@ namespace esphome::socket {
 
 LwIPSocketImpl::LwIPSocketImpl(int fd, bool monitor_loop) {
   this->fd_ = fd;
-  // Register new socket with the application for select() if monitoring requested
-  if (monitor_loop && this->fd_ >= 0) {
-    // Only set loop_monitored_ to true if registration succeeds
-    this->loop_monitored_ = App.register_socket_fd(this->fd_);
-  }
+  if (!monitor_loop || this->fd_ < 0)
+    return;
+#ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
+  // Cache lwip_sock pointer and register for monitoring (hooks callback internally)
+  this->cached_sock_ = esphome_lwip_get_sock(this->fd_);
+  this->loop_monitored_ = App.register_socket(this->cached_sock_);
+#else
+  this->loop_monitored_ = App.register_socket_fd(this->fd_);
+#endif
 }
 
 LwIPSocketImpl::~LwIPSocketImpl() {
@@ -26,10 +30,17 @@ LwIPSocketImpl::~LwIPSocketImpl() {
 
 int LwIPSocketImpl::close() {
   if (!this->closed_) {
-    // Unregister from select() before closing if monitored
+    // Unregister before closing to avoid dangling pointer in monitored set
+#ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
+    if (this->loop_monitored_) {
+      App.unregister_socket(this->cached_sock_);
+      this->cached_sock_ = nullptr;
+    }
+#else
     if (this->loop_monitored_) {
       App.unregister_socket_fd(this->fd_);
     }
+#endif
     int ret = lwip_close(this->fd_);
     this->closed_ = true;
     return ret;
@@ -48,8 +59,6 @@ int LwIPSocketImpl::setblocking(bool blocking) {
   return 0;
 }
 
-bool LwIPSocketImpl::ready() const { return socket_ready_fd(this->fd_, this->loop_monitored_); }
-
 size_t LwIPSocketImpl::getpeername_to(std::span<char, SOCKADDR_STR_LEN> buf) {
   struct sockaddr_storage storage;
   socklen_t len = sizeof(storage);
@@ -86,14 +95,6 @@ std::unique_ptr<Socket> socket_loop_monitored(int domain, int type, int protocol
   return create_socket(domain, type, protocol, true);
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<ListenSocket> socket_listen(int domain, int type, int protocol) {
-  return create_socket(domain, type, protocol, false);
-}
-
-std::unique_ptr<ListenSocket> socket_listen_loop_monitored(int domain, int type, int protocol) {
-  return create_socket(domain, type, protocol, true);
-}
-
 }  // namespace esphome::socket
 
 #endif  // USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_sockets_impl.h b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_sockets_impl.h
index d6699aded2..c579219863 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_sockets_impl.h
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_sockets_impl.h
@@ -9,6 +9,10 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "headers.h"
 
+#ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
+struct lwip_sock;
+#endif
+
 namespace esphome::socket {
 
 class LwIPSocketImpl {
@@ -71,6 +75,9 @@ class LwIPSocketImpl {
 
  protected:
   int fd_{-1};
+#ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
+  struct lwip_sock *cached_sock_{nullptr};  // Cached for direct rcvevent read in ready()
+#endif
   bool closed_{false};
   bool loop_monitored_{false};
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/socket.cpp b/esphome/components/socket/socket.cpp
index c04671c7ee..bfb6ae8e13 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/socket.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/socket.cpp
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::socket {
 
-#ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
+#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && !defined(USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT)
 // Shared ready() implementation for fd-based socket implementations (BSD and LWIP sockets).
 // Checks if the Application's select() loop has marked this fd as ready.
 bool socket_ready_fd(int fd, bool loop_monitored) { return !loop_monitored || App.is_socket_ready_(fd); }
@@ -89,6 +89,9 @@ std::unique_ptr<Socket> socket_ip(int type, int protocol) {
 #endif /* USE_NETWORK_IPV6 */
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP
+// LWIP_TCP has separate Socket/ListenSocket types — needs out-of-line factory.
+// BSD and LWIP_SOCKETS define this inline in socket.h.
 std::unique_ptr<ListenSocket> socket_ip_loop_monitored(int type, int protocol) {
 #if USE_NETWORK_IPV6
   return socket_listen_loop_monitored(AF_INET6, type, protocol);
@@ -96,6 +99,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<ListenSocket> socket_ip_loop_monitored(int type, int protocol) {
   return socket_listen_loop_monitored(AF_INET, type, protocol);
 #endif /* USE_NETWORK_IPV6 */
 }
+#endif
 
 socklen_t set_sockaddr(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen, const char *ip_address, uint16_t port) {
 #if USE_NETWORK_IPV6
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/socket.h b/esphome/components/socket/socket.h
index 546d278260..0884e4ba3e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/socket.h
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/socket.h
@@ -6,6 +6,10 @@
 #include "esphome/core/optional.h"
 #include "headers.h"
 
+#ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
+#include "esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h"
+#endif
+
 #if defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP) || defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS) || defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS)
 
 // Include only the active implementation's header.
@@ -36,12 +40,29 @@ using Socket = LWIPRawImpl;
 using ListenSocket = LWIPRawListenImpl;
 #endif
 
-#ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
+#ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
+/// Shared ready() helper using cached lwip_sock pointer for direct rcvevent read.
+inline bool socket_ready(struct lwip_sock *cached_sock, bool loop_monitored) {
+  return !loop_monitored || (cached_sock != nullptr && esphome_lwip_socket_has_data(cached_sock));
+}
+#elif defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT)
 /// Shared ready() helper for fd-based socket implementations.
 /// Checks if the Application's select() loop has marked this fd as ready.
 bool socket_ready_fd(int fd, bool loop_monitored);
 #endif
 
+// Inline ready() — defined here because it depends on socket_ready/socket_ready_fd
+// declared above, while the impl headers are included before those declarations.
+#if defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS) || defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS)
+inline bool Socket::ready() const {
+#ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
+  return socket_ready(this->cached_sock_, this->loop_monitored_);
+#else
+  return socket_ready_fd(this->fd_, this->loop_monitored_);
+#endif
+}
+#endif
+
 /// Create a socket of the given domain, type and protocol.
 std::unique_ptr<Socket> socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);
 /// Create a socket in the newest available IP domain (IPv6 or IPv4) of the given type and protocol.
@@ -56,11 +77,29 @@ std::unique_ptr<Socket> socket_ip(int type, int protocol);
 std::unique_ptr<Socket> socket_loop_monitored(int domain, int type, int protocol);
 
 /// Create a listening socket of the given domain, type and protocol.
-std::unique_ptr<ListenSocket> socket_listen(int domain, int type, int protocol);
 /// Create a listening socket and monitor it for data in the main loop.
-std::unique_ptr<ListenSocket> socket_listen_loop_monitored(int domain, int type, int protocol);
 /// Create a listening socket in the newest available IP domain and monitor it.
+#ifdef USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP
+// LWIP_TCP has separate Socket/ListenSocket types — needs distinct factory functions.
+std::unique_ptr<ListenSocket> socket_listen(int domain, int type, int protocol);
+std::unique_ptr<ListenSocket> socket_listen_loop_monitored(int domain, int type, int protocol);
 std::unique_ptr<ListenSocket> socket_ip_loop_monitored(int type, int protocol);
+#else
+// BSD and LWIP_SOCKETS: Socket == ListenSocket, so listen variants just delegate.
+inline std::unique_ptr<ListenSocket> socket_listen(int domain, int type, int protocol) {
+  return socket(domain, type, protocol);
+}
+inline std::unique_ptr<ListenSocket> socket_listen_loop_monitored(int domain, int type, int protocol) {
+  return socket_loop_monitored(domain, type, protocol);
+}
+inline std::unique_ptr<ListenSocket> socket_ip_loop_monitored(int type, int protocol) {
+#if USE_NETWORK_IPV6
+  return socket_loop_monitored(AF_INET6, type, protocol);
+#else
+  return socket_loop_monitored(AF_INET, type, protocol);
+#endif
+}
+#endif
 
 /// Set a sockaddr to the specified address and port for the IP version used by socket_ip().
 /// @param addr Destination sockaddr structure
diff --git a/esphome/core/application.cpp b/esphome/core/application.cpp
index 26cd670629..8c2ba58c86 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/application.cpp
@@ -552,7 +552,32 @@ void Application::after_loop_tasks_() {
   this->in_loop_ = false;
 }
 
-#ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
+#ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
+bool Application::register_socket(struct lwip_sock *sock) {
+  // It modifies monitored_sockets_ without locking — must only be called from the main loop.
+  if (sock == nullptr)
+    return false;
+  esphome_lwip_hook_socket(sock);
+  this->monitored_sockets_.push_back(sock);
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Application::unregister_socket(struct lwip_sock *sock) {
+  // It modifies monitored_sockets_ without locking — must only be called from the main loop.
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < this->monitored_sockets_.size(); i++) {
+    if (this->monitored_sockets_[i] != sock)
+      continue;
+
+    // Swap with last element and pop - O(1) removal since order doesn't matter.
+    // No need to unhook the netconn callback — all LwIP sockets share the same
+    // static event_callback, and the socket will be closed by the caller.
+    if (i < this->monitored_sockets_.size() - 1)
+      this->monitored_sockets_[i] = this->monitored_sockets_.back();
+    this->monitored_sockets_.pop_back();
+    return;
+  }
+}
+#elif defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT)
 bool Application::register_socket_fd(int fd) {
   // WARNING: This function is NOT thread-safe and must only be called from the main loop
   // It modifies socket_fds_ and related variables without locking
@@ -571,15 +596,10 @@ bool Application::register_socket_fd(int fd) {
 #endif
 
   this->socket_fds_.push_back(fd);
-#ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
-  // Hook the socket's netconn callback for instant wake on receive events
-  esphome_lwip_hook_socket(fd);
-#else
   this->socket_fds_changed_ = true;
   if (fd > this->max_fd_) {
     this->max_fd_ = fd;
   }
-#endif
 
   return true;
 }
@@ -595,13 +615,9 @@ void Application::unregister_socket_fd(int fd) {
       continue;
 
     // Swap with last element and pop - O(1) removal since order doesn't matter.
-    // No need to unhook the netconn callback on fast select platforms — all LwIP
-    // sockets share the same static event_callback, and the socket will be closed
-    // by the caller.
     if (i < this->socket_fds_.size() - 1)
       this->socket_fds_[i] = this->socket_fds_.back();
     this->socket_fds_.pop_back();
-#ifndef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
     this->socket_fds_changed_ = true;
     // Only recalculate max_fd if we removed the current max
     if (fd == this->max_fd_) {
@@ -611,7 +627,6 @@ void Application::unregister_socket_fd(int fd) {
           this->max_fd_ = sock_fd;
       }
     }
-#endif
     return;
   }
 }
@@ -621,7 +636,7 @@ void Application::unregister_socket_fd(int fd) {
 void Application::yield_with_select_(uint32_t delay_ms) {
   // Delay while monitoring sockets. When delay_ms is 0, always yield() to ensure other tasks run.
 #if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT)
-  // Fast path (ESP32/LibreTiny): reads rcvevent directly via lwip_socket_dbg_get_socket().
+  // Fast path (ESP32/LibreTiny): reads rcvevent directly from cached lwip_sock pointers.
   // Safe because this runs on the main loop which owns socket lifetime (create, read, close).
   if (delay_ms == 0) [[unlikely]] {
     yield();
@@ -632,8 +647,8 @@ void Application::yield_with_select_(uint32_t delay_ms) {
   // If a socket still has unread data (rcvevent > 0) but the task notification was already
   // consumed, ulTaskNotifyTake would block until timeout — adding up to delay_ms latency.
   // This scan preserves select() semantics: return immediately when any fd is ready.
-  for (int fd : this->socket_fds_) {
-    if (esphome_lwip_socket_has_data(fd)) {
+  for (struct lwip_sock *sock : this->monitored_sockets_) {
+    if (esphome_lwip_socket_has_data(sock)) {
       yield();
       return;
     }
diff --git a/esphome/core/application.h b/esphome/core/application.h
index 63d59c555e..40f8a00edd 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.h
+++ b/esphome/core/application.h
@@ -500,14 +500,20 @@ class Application {
 
   Scheduler scheduler;
 
-  /// Register/unregister a socket file descriptor to be monitored for read events.
-#ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
-  /// These functions update the fd_set used by select() in the main loop.
+  /// Register/unregister a socket to be monitored for read events.
   /// WARNING: These functions are NOT thread-safe. They must only be called from the main loop.
+#ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
+  /// Fast select path: hooks netconn callback and registers for monitoring.
+  /// @return true if registration was successful, false if sock is null
+  bool register_socket(struct lwip_sock *sock);
+  void unregister_socket(struct lwip_sock *sock);
+#elif defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT)
+  /// Fallback select() path: monitors file descriptors.
   /// NOTE: File descriptors >= FD_SETSIZE (typically 10 on ESP) will be rejected with an error.
   /// @return true if registration was successful, false if fd exceeds limits
   bool register_socket_fd(int fd);
   void unregister_socket_fd(int fd);
+#endif
 
 #ifdef USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE
   /// Wake the main event loop from another FreeRTOS task.
@@ -532,7 +538,6 @@ class Application {
   static void IRAM_ATTR wake_loop_any_context() { esphome_lwip_wake_main_loop_any_context(); }
 #endif
 #endif
-#endif
 
 #if defined(USE_ESP8266) && defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP)
   /// Wake the main event loop from any context (ISR, thread, or main loop).
@@ -542,23 +547,14 @@ class Application {
 
  protected:
   friend Component;
-#ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
+#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && !defined(USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT)
   friend bool socket::socket_ready_fd(int fd, bool loop_monitored);
 #endif
   friend void ::setup();
   friend void ::original_setup();
 
-#ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
-  /// Fast path for Socket::ready() via friendship - skips negative fd check.
-  /// Main loop only — with USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT, reads rcvevent via
-  /// lwip_socket_dbg_get_socket(), which has no refcount; safe only because
-  /// the main loop owns socket lifetime (creates, reads, and closes sockets
-  /// on the same thread).
-#ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
-  bool is_socket_ready_(int fd) const { return esphome_lwip_socket_has_data(fd); }
-#else
+#if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && !defined(USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT)
   bool is_socket_ready_(int fd) const { return FD_ISSET(fd, &this->read_fds_); }
-#endif
 #endif
 
   /// Register a component, detecting loop() override at compile time.
@@ -620,8 +616,12 @@ class Application {
   //   and active_end_ is incremented
   // - This eliminates branch mispredictions from flag checking in the hot loop
   FixedVector<Component *> looping_components_{};
-#ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
+#ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
+  std::vector<struct lwip_sock *> monitored_sockets_;  // Cached lwip_sock pointers for direct rcvevent read
+#elif defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT)
   std::vector<int> socket_fds_;  // Vector of all monitored socket file descriptors
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
 #if defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE) && !defined(USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT)
   int wake_socket_fd_{-1};  // Shared wake notification socket for waking main loop from tasks
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.c b/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.c
index 989f66e9be..c578a9aae9 100644
--- a/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.c
+++ b/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.c
@@ -140,8 +140,10 @@
 _Static_assert(sizeof(TaskHandle_t) <= 4, "TaskHandle_t must be <= 4 bytes for atomic access");
 _Static_assert(sizeof(netconn_callback) <= 4, "netconn_callback must be <= 4 bytes for atomic access");
 
-// rcvevent must fit in a single atomic read
-_Static_assert(sizeof(((struct lwip_sock *) 0)->rcvevent) <= 4, "rcvevent must be <= 4 bytes for atomic access");
+// rcvevent must be exactly 2 bytes (s16_t) — the inline in lwip_fast_select.h reads it as int16_t.
+// If lwIP changes this to int or similar, the offset assert would still pass but the load width would be wrong.
+_Static_assert(sizeof(((struct lwip_sock *) 0)->rcvevent) == 2,
+               "rcvevent size changed — update int16_t cast in esphome_lwip_socket_has_data() in lwip_fast_select.h");
 
 // Struct member alignment — natural alignment guarantees atomicity on Xtensa/RISC-V/ARM.
 // Misaligned access would not be atomic even if the size is <= 4 bytes.
@@ -150,6 +152,10 @@ _Static_assert(offsetof(struct netconn, callback) % sizeof(netconn_callback) ==
 _Static_assert(offsetof(struct lwip_sock, rcvevent) % sizeof(((struct lwip_sock *) 0)->rcvevent) == 0,
                "lwip_sock.rcvevent must be naturally aligned for atomic access");
 
+// Verify the hardcoded offset used in the header's inline esphome_lwip_socket_has_data().
+_Static_assert(offsetof(struct lwip_sock, rcvevent) == ESPHOME_LWIP_SOCK_RCVEVENT_OFFSET,
+               "lwip_sock.rcvevent offset changed — update ESPHOME_LWIP_SOCK_RCVEVENT_OFFSET in lwip_fast_select.h");
+
 // Task handle for the main loop — written once in init(), read from TCP/IP and background tasks.
 static TaskHandle_t s_main_loop_task = NULL;
 
@@ -194,23 +200,11 @@ static inline struct lwip_sock *get_sock(int fd) {
   return sock;
 }
 
-bool esphome_lwip_socket_has_data(int fd) {
-  struct lwip_sock *sock = get_sock(fd);
-  if (sock == NULL)
-    return false;
-  // volatile prevents the compiler from caching/reordering this cross-thread read.
-  // The write side (TCP/IP thread) commits via SYS_ARCH_UNPROTECT which releases a
-  // FreeRTOS mutex (ESP32) or resumes the scheduler (LibreTiny), ensuring the value
-  // is visible. Aligned 16-bit reads are single-instruction loads (L16SI/LH/LDRH) on
-  // Xtensa/RISC-V/ARM and cannot produce torn values.
-  return *(volatile s16_t *) &sock->rcvevent > 0;
+struct lwip_sock *esphome_lwip_get_sock(int fd) {
+  return get_sock(fd);
 }
 
-void esphome_lwip_hook_socket(int fd) {
-  struct lwip_sock *sock = get_sock(fd);
-  if (sock == NULL)
-    return;
-
+void esphome_lwip_hook_socket(struct lwip_sock *sock) {
   // Save original callback once — all LwIP sockets share the same static event_callback
   // (DEFAULT_SOCKET_EVENTCB in sockets.c, used for SOCK_RAW, SOCK_DGRAM, and SOCK_STREAM).
   if (s_original_callback == NULL) {
diff --git a/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h b/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h
index 6fce34fd76..46c6b711cd 100644
--- a/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h
+++ b/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h
@@ -4,6 +4,17 @@
 // Replaces lwip_select() with direct rcvevent reads and FreeRTOS task notifications.
 
 #include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+// Forward declare lwip_sock for C++ callers that store cached pointers.
+// The full definition is only available in the .c file (lwip/priv/sockets_priv.h
+// conflicts with C++ compilation units).
+struct lwip_sock;
+
+// Byte offset of rcvevent (s16_t) within struct lwip_sock.
+// Verified at compile time in lwip_fast_select.c via _Static_assert.
+// Anonymous enum for a compile-time constant that works in both C and C++.
+enum { ESPHOME_LWIP_SOCK_RCVEVENT_OFFSET = 8 };
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
@@ -13,16 +24,38 @@ extern "C" {
 /// Saves the current task handle for xTaskNotifyGive() wake notifications.
 void esphome_lwip_fast_select_init(void);
 
-/// Check if a LwIP socket has data ready via direct rcvevent read (~215 ns per socket).
-/// Uses lwip_socket_dbg_get_socket() — a direct array lookup without the refcount that
-/// get_socket()/done_socket() uses. Safe because the caller owns the socket lifetime:
-/// both has_data reads and socket close/unregister happen on the main loop thread.
-bool esphome_lwip_socket_has_data(int fd);
+/// Look up a LwIP socket struct from a file descriptor.
+/// Returns NULL if fd is invalid or the socket/netconn is not initialized.
+/// Use this at registration time to cache the pointer for esphome_lwip_socket_has_data().
+struct lwip_sock *esphome_lwip_get_sock(int fd);
+
+/// Check if a cached LwIP socket has data ready via unlocked hint read of rcvevent.
+/// This avoids lwIP core lock contention between the main loop (CPU0) and
+/// streaming/networking work (CPU1). Correctness is preserved because callers
+/// already handle EWOULDBLOCK on nonblocking sockets — a stale hint simply causes
+/// a harmless retry on the next loop iteration. In practice, stale reads have not
+/// been observed across multi-day testing, but the design does not depend on that.
+///
+/// The sock pointer must have been obtained from esphome_lwip_get_sock() and must
+/// remain valid (caller owns socket lifetime — no concurrent close).
+/// Hot path: inlined volatile 16-bit load — no function call overhead.
+/// Uses offset-based access because lwip/priv/sockets_priv.h conflicts with C++.
+/// The offset and size are verified at compile time in lwip_fast_select.c.
+static inline bool esphome_lwip_socket_has_data(struct lwip_sock *sock) {
+  // Unlocked hint read — no lwIP core lock needed.
+  // volatile prevents the compiler from caching/reordering this cross-thread read.
+  // The write side (TCP/IP thread) commits via SYS_ARCH_UNPROTECT which releases a
+  // FreeRTOS mutex (ESP32) or resumes the scheduler (LibreTiny), ensuring the value
+  // is visible. Aligned 16-bit reads are single-instruction loads (L16SI/LH/LDRH) on
+  // Xtensa/RISC-V/ARM and cannot produce torn values.
+  return *(volatile int16_t *) ((char *) sock + (int) ESPHOME_LWIP_SOCK_RCVEVENT_OFFSET) > 0;
+}
 
 /// Hook a socket's netconn callback to notify the main loop task on receive events.
 /// Wraps the original event_callback with one that also calls xTaskNotifyGive().
 /// Must be called from the main loop after socket creation.
-void esphome_lwip_hook_socket(int fd);
+/// The sock pointer must have been obtained from esphome_lwip_get_sock().
+void esphome_lwip_hook_socket(struct lwip_sock *sock);
 
 /// Wake the main loop task from another FreeRTOS task — costs <1 us.
 /// NOT ISR-safe — must only be called from task context.

From 1f1b20f4feacd769279b673be5301c1d39f41ed3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Tue, 3 Mar 2026 07:03:24 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 327/609] [core] Pack entity string properties into
 PROGMEM-indexed uint8_t fields (#14171)

---
 .../alarm_control_panel/__init__.py           |   2 +-
 esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp     |   4 +-
 esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py  |  12 +-
 .../components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h  |   2 +-
 esphome/components/button/__init__.py         |  12 +-
 esphome/components/button/button.h            |   2 +-
 esphome/components/climate/__init__.py        |   3 +-
 esphome/components/cover/__init__.py          |  12 +-
 esphome/components/cover/cover.h              |   2 +-
 esphome/components/datetime/__init__.py       |   3 +-
 esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp             |   1 +
 esphome/components/esp8266/core.cpp           |   3 +
 esphome/components/event/__init__.py          |  12 +-
 esphome/components/event/event.h              |   2 +-
 esphome/components/fan/__init__.py            |   3 +-
 esphome/components/host/core.cpp              |   1 +
 esphome/components/infrared/__init__.py       |   2 +-
 esphome/components/libretiny/core.cpp         |   1 +
 esphome/components/light/__init__.py          |   7 +-
 esphome/components/lock/__init__.py           |   3 +-
 esphome/components/media_player/__init__.py   |   2 +-
 esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_number.cpp       |   4 +-
 esphome/components/number/__init__.py         |  16 +-
 esphome/components/number/number.cpp          |   4 +-
 esphome/components/number/number_traits.h     |   6 +-
 esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp            |   3 +
 esphome/components/select/__init__.py         |   3 +-
 esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py         |  16 +-
 esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h            |   2 +-
 esphome/components/sprinkler/sprinkler.cpp    |   4 +-
 esphome/components/switch/__init__.py         |  12 +-
 esphome/components/switch/switch.h            |   2 +-
 esphome/components/text/__init__.py           |   3 +-
 esphome/components/text_sensor/__init__.py    |  12 +-
 esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h  |   2 +-
 esphome/components/update/__init__.py         |  12 +-
 esphome/components/update/update_entity.h     |   2 +-
 esphome/components/valve/__init__.py          |  12 +-
 esphome/components/valve/valve.h              |   2 +-
 esphome/components/water_heater/__init__.py   |   3 +-
 esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp  |   2 +-
 esphome/components/zephyr/core.cpp            |   1 +
 esphome/core/defines.h                        |   2 +
 esphome/core/entity_base.cpp                  |  64 ++---
 esphome/core/entity_base.h                    | 100 ++++----
 esphome/core/entity_helpers.py                | 227 +++++++++++++++++-
 esphome/core/hal.h                            |   1 +
 script/clang-tidy                             |   1 +
 tests/component_tests/sensor/test_sensor.py   |   2 +-
 .../text_sensor/test_text_sensor.py           |   4 +-
 tests/unit_tests/core/test_entity_helpers.py  | 110 +++++++--
 51 files changed, 519 insertions(+), 206 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/alarm_control_panel/__init__.py b/esphome/components/alarm_control_panel/__init__.py
index b1e2252ce7..b855586152 100644
--- a/esphome/components/alarm_control_panel/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/alarm_control_panel/__init__.py
@@ -186,8 +186,8 @@ ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_CONDITION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
 )
 
 
+@setup_entity("alarm_control_panel")
 async def setup_alarm_control_panel_core_(var, config):
-    await setup_entity(var, config, "alarm_control_panel")
     for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_STATE, []):
         trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
         await automation.build_automation(trigger, [], conf)
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
index 738dd1ef05..59476fac25 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
@@ -773,9 +773,9 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_number_state(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_number_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
   auto *number = static_cast<number::Number *>(entity);
   ListEntitiesNumberResponse msg;
-  msg.unit_of_measurement = number->traits.get_unit_of_measurement_ref();
+  msg.unit_of_measurement = number->get_unit_of_measurement_ref();
   msg.mode = static_cast<enums::NumberMode>(number->traits.get_mode());
-  msg.device_class = number->traits.get_device_class_ref();
+  msg.device_class = number->get_device_class_ref();
   msg.min_value = number->traits.get_min_value();
   msg.max_value = number->traits.get_max_value();
   msg.step = number->traits.get_step();
diff --git a/esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 036d78da73..1f64118560 100644
--- a/esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -60,7 +60,11 @@ from esphome.const import (
     DEVICE_CLASS_WINDOW,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
-from esphome.core.entity_helpers import entity_duplicate_validator, setup_entity
+from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
+    entity_duplicate_validator,
+    setup_device_class,
+    setup_entity,
+)
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
 from esphome.util import Registry
 
@@ -604,11 +608,9 @@ async def _build_binary_sensor_automations(var, config):
         )
 
 
+@setup_entity("binary_sensor")
 async def setup_binary_sensor_core_(var, config):
-    await setup_entity(var, config, "binary_sensor")
-
-    if (device_class := config.get(CONF_DEVICE_CLASS)) is not None:
-        cg.add(var.set_device_class(device_class))
+    setup_device_class(config)
     trigger = config.get(CONF_TRIGGER_ON_INITIAL_STATE, False) or config.get(
         CONF_PUBLISH_INITIAL_STATE, False
     )
diff --git a/esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h b/esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h
index 4b655e1bd1..6ae5d04bcb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ void log_binary_sensor(const char *tag, const char *prefix, const char *type, Bi
  * The sub classes should notify the front-end of new states via the publish_state() method which
  * handles inverted inputs for you.
  */
-class BinarySensor : public StatefulEntityBase<bool>, public EntityBase_DeviceClass {
+class BinarySensor : public StatefulEntityBase<bool> {
  public:
   explicit BinarySensor(){};
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/button/__init__.py
index 94816a0974..12d9ebaba6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/button/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/button/__init__.py
@@ -18,7 +18,11 @@ from esphome.const import (
     DEVICE_CLASS_UPDATE,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
-from esphome.core.entity_helpers import entity_duplicate_validator, setup_entity
+from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
+    entity_duplicate_validator,
+    setup_device_class,
+    setup_entity,
+)
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
@@ -84,15 +88,13 @@ def button_schema(
     return _BUTTON_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
 
 
+@setup_entity("button")
 async def setup_button_core_(var, config):
-    await setup_entity(var, config, "button")
-
     for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_PRESS, []):
         trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
         await automation.build_automation(trigger, [], conf)
 
-    if device_class := config.get(CONF_DEVICE_CLASS):
-        cg.add(var.set_device_class(device_class))
+    setup_device_class(config)
 
     if mqtt_id := config.get(CONF_MQTT_ID):
         mqtt_ = cg.new_Pvariable(mqtt_id, var)
diff --git a/esphome/components/button/button.h b/esphome/components/button/button.h
index be6e080917..0f7576a419 100644
--- a/esphome/components/button/button.h
+++ b/esphome/components/button/button.h
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ void log_button(const char *tag, const char *prefix, const char *type, Button *o
  *
  * A button is just a momentary switch that does not have a state, only a trigger.
  */
-class Button : public EntityBase, public EntityBase_DeviceClass {
+class Button : public EntityBase {
  public:
   /** Press this button. This is called by the front-end.
    *
diff --git a/esphome/components/climate/__init__.py b/esphome/components/climate/__init__.py
index 2150a30c3e..1f449ad2a4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/climate/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/climate/__init__.py
@@ -268,9 +268,8 @@ def climate_schema(
     return _CLIMATE_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
 
 
+@setup_entity("climate")
 async def setup_climate_core_(var, config):
-    await setup_entity(var, config, "climate")
-
     visual = config[CONF_VISUAL]
     if (min_temp := visual.get(CONF_MIN_TEMPERATURE)) is not None:
         cg.add_define("USE_CLIMATE_VISUAL_OVERRIDES")
diff --git a/esphome/components/cover/__init__.py b/esphome/components/cover/__init__.py
index 17095f41f6..c330241f4d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cover/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cover/__init__.py
@@ -37,7 +37,11 @@ from esphome.const import (
     DEVICE_CLASS_WINDOW,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
-from esphome.core.entity_helpers import entity_duplicate_validator, setup_entity
+from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
+    entity_duplicate_validator,
+    setup_device_class,
+    setup_entity,
+)
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, MockObjClass
 from esphome.types import ConfigType, TemplateArgsType
 
@@ -190,11 +194,9 @@ def cover_schema(
     return _COVER_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
 
 
+@setup_entity("cover")
 async def setup_cover_core_(var, config):
-    await setup_entity(var, config, "cover")
-
-    if (device_class := config.get(CONF_DEVICE_CLASS)) is not None:
-        cg.add(var.set_device_class(device_class))
+    setup_device_class(config)
 
     if CONF_ON_OPEN in config:
         _LOGGER.warning(
diff --git a/esphome/components/cover/cover.h b/esphome/components/cover/cover.h
index 0af48f75de..8cf9aa092a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cover/cover.h
+++ b/esphome/components/cover/cover.h
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ const LogString *cover_operation_to_str(CoverOperation op);
  * to control all values of the cover. Also implement get_traits() to return what operations
  * the cover supports.
  */
-class Cover : public EntityBase, public EntityBase_DeviceClass {
+class Cover : public EntityBase {
  public:
   explicit Cover();
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/datetime/__init__.py b/esphome/components/datetime/__init__.py
index 602db3827a..74c9d594f7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/datetime/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/datetime/__init__.py
@@ -134,9 +134,8 @@ def datetime_schema(class_: MockObjClass) -> cv.Schema:
     return _DATETIME_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
 
 
+@setup_entity("datetime")
 async def setup_datetime_core_(var, config):
-    await setup_entity(var, config, "datetime")
-
     if (mqtt_id := config.get(CONF_MQTT_ID)) is not None:
         mqtt_ = cg.new_Pvariable(mqtt_id, var)
         await mqtt.register_mqtt_component(mqtt_, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp
index 7ebbba609e..46c000562e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ void arch_init() {
 void HOT arch_feed_wdt() { esp_task_wdt_reset(); }
 
 uint8_t progmem_read_byte(const uint8_t *addr) { return *addr; }
+const char *progmem_read_ptr(const char *const *addr) { return *addr; }
 uint16_t progmem_read_uint16(const uint16_t *addr) { return *addr; }
 uint32_t arch_get_cpu_cycle_count() { return esp_cpu_get_cycle_count(); }
 uint32_t arch_get_cpu_freq_hz() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266/core.cpp b/esphome/components/esp8266/core.cpp
index b665124d66..159ec20e77 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp8266/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266/core.cpp
@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@ void HOT arch_feed_wdt() { system_soft_wdt_feed(); }
 uint8_t progmem_read_byte(const uint8_t *addr) {
   return pgm_read_byte(addr);  // NOLINT
 }
+const char *progmem_read_ptr(const char *const *addr) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<const char *>(pgm_read_ptr(addr));  // NOLINT
+}
 uint16_t progmem_read_uint16(const uint16_t *addr) {
   return pgm_read_word(addr);  // NOLINT
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/event/__init__.py b/esphome/components/event/__init__.py
index 8fac7a279c..14cc1505ad 100644
--- a/esphome/components/event/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/event/__init__.py
@@ -18,7 +18,11 @@ from esphome.const import (
     DEVICE_CLASS_MOTION,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
-from esphome.core.entity_helpers import entity_duplicate_validator, setup_entity
+from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
+    entity_duplicate_validator,
+    setup_device_class,
+    setup_entity,
+)
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@nohat"]
@@ -85,17 +89,15 @@ def event_schema(
     return _EVENT_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
 
 
+@setup_entity("event")
 async def setup_event_core_(var, config, *, event_types: list[str]):
-    await setup_entity(var, config, "event")
-
     for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_EVENT, []):
         trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
         await automation.build_automation(trigger, [(cg.StringRef, "event_type")], conf)
 
     cg.add(var.set_event_types(event_types))
 
-    if (device_class := config.get(CONF_DEVICE_CLASS)) is not None:
-        cg.add(var.set_device_class(device_class))
+    setup_device_class(config)
 
     if mqtt_id := config.get(CONF_MQTT_ID):
         mqtt_ = cg.new_Pvariable(mqtt_id, var)
diff --git a/esphome/components/event/event.h b/esphome/components/event/event.h
index a7451407bb..5b6a94b47c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/event/event.h
+++ b/esphome/components/event/event.h
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ namespace event {
     LOG_ENTITY_DEVICE_CLASS(TAG, prefix, *(obj)); \
   }
 
-class Event : public EntityBase, public EntityBase_DeviceClass {
+class Event : public EntityBase {
  public:
   void trigger(const std::string &event_type);
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/fan/__init__.py b/esphome/components/fan/__init__.py
index e839df6aee..da28c577c8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/fan/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/fan/__init__.py
@@ -222,9 +222,8 @@ def validate_preset_modes(value):
     return value
 
 
+@setup_entity("fan")
 async def setup_fan_core_(var, config):
-    await setup_entity(var, config, "fan")
-
     cg.add(var.set_restore_mode(config[CONF_RESTORE_MODE]))
 
     if (mqtt_id := config.get(CONF_MQTT_ID)) is not None:
diff --git a/esphome/components/host/core.cpp b/esphome/components/host/core.cpp
index cb2b2e19d7..d5c61ec986 100644
--- a/esphome/components/host/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/host/core.cpp
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ void HOT arch_feed_wdt() {
 }
 
 uint8_t progmem_read_byte(const uint8_t *addr) { return *addr; }
+const char *progmem_read_ptr(const char *const *addr) { return *addr; }
 uint16_t progmem_read_uint16(const uint16_t *addr) { return *addr; }
 uint32_t arch_get_cpu_cycle_count() {
   struct timespec spec;
diff --git a/esphome/components/infrared/__init__.py b/esphome/components/infrared/__init__.py
index 5c759d6fd9..6a2a72fa5d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/infrared/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/infrared/__init__.py
@@ -45,9 +45,9 @@ def infrared_schema(class_: type[cg.MockObjClass]) -> cv.Schema:
     )
 
 
+@setup_entity("infrared")
 async def setup_infrared_core_(var: cg.Pvariable, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Set up core infrared configuration."""
-    await setup_entity(var, config, "infrared")
 
 
 async def register_infrared(var: cg.Pvariable, config: ConfigType) -> None:
diff --git a/esphome/components/libretiny/core.cpp b/esphome/components/libretiny/core.cpp
index 74b33a30a0..893a79440a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/libretiny/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/libretiny/core.cpp
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ void HOT arch_feed_wdt() { lt_wdt_feed(); }
 uint32_t arch_get_cpu_cycle_count() { return lt_cpu_get_cycle_count(); }
 uint32_t arch_get_cpu_freq_hz() { return lt_cpu_get_freq(); }
 uint8_t progmem_read_byte(const uint8_t *addr) { return *addr; }
+const char *progmem_read_ptr(const char *const *addr) { return *addr; }
 uint16_t progmem_read_uint16(const uint16_t *addr) { return *addr; }
 
 }  // namespace esphome
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/__init__.py b/esphome/components/light/__init__.py
index 40382bbda7..4403281116 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/light/__init__.py
@@ -243,9 +243,8 @@ def validate_color_temperature_channels(value):
     return value
 
 
-async def setup_light_core_(light_var, output_var, config):
-    await setup_entity(light_var, config, "light")
-
+@setup_entity("light")
+async def setup_light_core_(light_var, config, output_var):
     cg.add(light_var.set_restore_mode(config[CONF_RESTORE_MODE]))
 
     if (initial_state_config := config.get(CONF_INITIAL_STATE)) is not None:
@@ -312,7 +311,7 @@ async def register_light(output_var, config):
     cg.add(cg.App.register_light(light_var))
     CORE.register_platform_component("light", light_var)
     await cg.register_component(light_var, config)
-    await setup_light_core_(light_var, output_var, config)
+    await setup_light_core_(light_var, config, output_var)
 
 
 async def new_light(config, *args):
diff --git a/esphome/components/lock/__init__.py b/esphome/components/lock/__init__.py
index 9d893d3ad9..e37092756f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lock/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lock/__init__.py
@@ -91,9 +91,8 @@ def lock_schema(
     return _LOCK_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
 
 
+@setup_entity("lock")
 async def _setup_lock_core(var, config):
-    await setup_entity(var, config, "lock")
-
     for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_LOCK, []):
         trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
         await automation.build_automation(trigger, [], conf)
diff --git a/esphome/components/media_player/__init__.py b/esphome/components/media_player/__init__.py
index b2afbe5e58..051e386eaf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/media_player/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/media_player/__init__.py
@@ -96,8 +96,8 @@ VolumeSetAction = media_player_ns.class_(
 )
 
 
+@setup_entity("media_player")
 async def setup_media_player_core_(var, config):
-    await setup_entity(var, config, "media_player")
     for conf_key, _ in _STATE_TRIGGERS:
         for conf in config.get(conf_key, []):
             trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_number.cpp b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_number.cpp
index fdc909fcc9..a2734f2beb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_number.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_number.cpp
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ void MQTTNumberComponent::send_discovery(JsonObject root, mqtt::SendDiscoveryCon
   root[MQTT_MAX] = traits.get_max_value();
   root[MQTT_STEP] = traits.get_step();
   // NOLINTBEGIN(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks) false positive with ArduinoJson
-  const auto unit_of_measurement = this->number_->traits.get_unit_of_measurement_ref();
+  const auto unit_of_measurement = this->number_->get_unit_of_measurement_ref();
   if (!unit_of_measurement.empty()) {
     root[MQTT_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT] = unit_of_measurement;
   }
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ void MQTTNumberComponent::send_discovery(JsonObject root, mqtt::SendDiscoveryCon
     root[MQTT_MODE] =
         NumberMqttModeStrings::get_progmem_str(static_cast<uint8_t>(mode), static_cast<uint8_t>(NUMBER_MODE_BOX));
   }
-  const auto device_class = this->number_->traits.get_device_class_ref();
+  const auto device_class = this->number_->get_device_class_ref();
   if (!device_class.empty()) {
     root[MQTT_DEVICE_CLASS] = device_class;
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/number/__init__.py b/esphome/components/number/__init__.py
index 2238f2c037..0570ac0b1e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/number/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/number/__init__.py
@@ -79,7 +79,12 @@ from esphome.const import (
     DEVICE_CLASS_WIND_SPEED,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
-from esphome.core.entity_helpers import entity_duplicate_validator, setup_entity
+from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
+    entity_duplicate_validator,
+    setup_device_class,
+    setup_entity,
+    setup_unit_of_measurement,
+)
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
@@ -257,11 +262,10 @@ async def _build_number_automations(var, config):
         await automation.build_automation(trigger, [(float, "x")], conf)
 
 
+@setup_entity("number")
 async def setup_number_core_(
     var, config, *, min_value: float, max_value: float, step: float
 ):
-    await setup_entity(var, config, "number")
-
     cg.add(var.traits.set_min_value(min_value))
     cg.add(var.traits.set_max_value(max_value))
     cg.add(var.traits.set_step(step))
@@ -273,10 +277,8 @@ async def setup_number_core_(
 
     CORE.add_job(_build_number_automations, var, config)
 
-    if (unit_of_measurement := config.get(CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT)) is not None:
-        cg.add(var.traits.set_unit_of_measurement(unit_of_measurement))
-    if (device_class := config.get(CONF_DEVICE_CLASS)) is not None:
-        cg.add(var.traits.set_device_class(device_class))
+    setup_device_class(config)
+    setup_unit_of_measurement(config)
 
     if (mqtt_id := config.get(CONF_MQTT_ID)) is not None:
         mqtt_ = cg.new_Pvariable(mqtt_id, var)
diff --git a/esphome/components/number/number.cpp b/esphome/components/number/number.cpp
index 1c4126496c..c0653c3b30 100644
--- a/esphome/components/number/number.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/number/number.cpp
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ void log_number(const char *tag, const char *prefix, const char *type, Number *o
 
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "%s%s '%s'", prefix, type, obj->get_name().c_str());
   LOG_ENTITY_ICON(tag, prefix, *obj);
-  LOG_ENTITY_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT(tag, prefix, obj->traits);
-  LOG_ENTITY_DEVICE_CLASS(tag, prefix, obj->traits);
+  LOG_ENTITY_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT(tag, prefix, *obj);
+  LOG_ENTITY_DEVICE_CLASS(tag, prefix, *obj);
 }
 
 void Number::publish_state(float state) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/number/number_traits.h b/esphome/components/number/number_traits.h
index 5ccbb9ba48..f855813c9b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/number/number_traits.h
+++ b/esphome/components/number/number_traits.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "esphome/core/entity_base.h"
-#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdint>
 
 namespace esphome::number {
 
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ enum NumberMode : uint8_t {
   NUMBER_MODE_SLIDER = 2,
 };
 
-class NumberTraits : public EntityBase_DeviceClass, public EntityBase_UnitOfMeasurement {
+class NumberTraits {
  public:
   // Set/get the number value boundaries.
   void set_min_value(float min_value) { min_value_ = min_value; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp b/esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp
index a15ee7e263..63b154d80d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp
@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@ void HOT arch_feed_wdt() { watchdog_update(); }
 uint8_t progmem_read_byte(const uint8_t *addr) {
   return pgm_read_byte(addr);  // NOLINT
 }
+const char *progmem_read_ptr(const char *const *addr) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<const char *>(pgm_read_ptr(addr));  // NOLINT
+}
 uint16_t progmem_read_uint16(const uint16_t *addr) { return *addr; }
 uint32_t HOT arch_get_cpu_cycle_count() { return ulMainGetRunTimeCounterValue(); }
 uint32_t arch_get_cpu_freq_hz() { return RP2040::f_cpu(); }
diff --git a/esphome/components/select/__init__.py b/esphome/components/select/__init__.py
index c114b140a9..b2c17f59ac 100644
--- a/esphome/components/select/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/select/__init__.py
@@ -92,9 +92,8 @@ def select_schema(
     return _SELECT_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
 
 
+@setup_entity("select")
 async def setup_select_core_(var, config, *, options: list[str]):
-    await setup_entity(var, config, "select")
-
     cg.add(var.traits.set_options(options))
 
     for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_VALUE, []):
diff --git a/esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py
index 338aaae0b5..4be6ed1b84 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -106,7 +106,12 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
-from esphome.core.entity_helpers import entity_duplicate_validator, setup_entity
+from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
+    entity_duplicate_validator,
+    setup_device_class,
+    setup_entity,
+    setup_unit_of_measurement,
+)
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, MockObjClass
 from esphome.util import Registry
 
@@ -908,15 +913,12 @@ async def _build_sensor_automations(var, config):
         await automation.build_automation(trigger, [(float, "x")], conf)
 
 
+@setup_entity("sensor")
 async def setup_sensor_core_(var, config):
-    await setup_entity(var, config, "sensor")
-
-    if (device_class := config.get(CONF_DEVICE_CLASS)) is not None:
-        cg.add(var.set_device_class(device_class))
+    setup_device_class(config)
+    setup_unit_of_measurement(config)
     if (state_class := config.get(CONF_STATE_CLASS)) is not None:
         cg.add(var.set_state_class(state_class))
-    if (unit_of_measurement := config.get(CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT)) is not None:
-        cg.add(var.set_unit_of_measurement(unit_of_measurement))
     if (accuracy_decimals := config.get(CONF_ACCURACY_DECIMALS)) is not None:
         cg.add(var.set_accuracy_decimals(accuracy_decimals))
     # Only set force_update if True (default is False)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h b/esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h
index 54e75ee2a1..197896f6f6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ const LogString *state_class_to_string(StateClass state_class);
  *
  * A sensor has unit of measurement and can use publish_state to send out a new value with the specified accuracy.
  */
-class Sensor : public EntityBase, public EntityBase_DeviceClass, public EntityBase_UnitOfMeasurement {
+class Sensor : public EntityBase {
  public:
   explicit Sensor();
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sprinkler/sprinkler.cpp b/esphome/components/sprinkler/sprinkler.cpp
index d82d7baaf6..44fb9092bc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sprinkler/sprinkler.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sprinkler/sprinkler.cpp
@@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ void Sprinkler::set_valve_run_duration(const optional<size_t> valve_number, cons
     return;
   }
   auto call = this->valve_[valve_number.value()].run_duration_number->make_call();
-  if (this->valve_[valve_number.value()].run_duration_number->traits.get_unit_of_measurement_ref() == MIN_STR) {
+  if (this->valve_[valve_number.value()].run_duration_number->get_unit_of_measurement_ref() == MIN_STR) {
     call.set_value(run_duration.value() / 60.0);
   } else {
     call.set_value(run_duration.value());
@@ -649,7 +649,7 @@ uint32_t Sprinkler::valve_run_duration(const size_t valve_number) {
     return 0;
   }
   if (this->valve_[valve_number].run_duration_number != nullptr) {
-    if (this->valve_[valve_number].run_duration_number->traits.get_unit_of_measurement_ref() == MIN_STR) {
+    if (this->valve_[valve_number].run_duration_number->get_unit_of_measurement_ref() == MIN_STR) {
       return static_cast<uint32_t>(roundf(this->valve_[valve_number].run_duration_number->state * 60));
     } else {
       return static_cast<uint32_t>(roundf(this->valve_[valve_number].run_duration_number->state));
diff --git a/esphome/components/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/switch/__init__.py
index 6f1be7d53d..bbafc54bd1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/switch/__init__.py
@@ -22,7 +22,11 @@ from esphome.const import (
     DEVICE_CLASS_SWITCH,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
-from esphome.core.entity_helpers import entity_duplicate_validator, setup_entity
+from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
+    entity_duplicate_validator,
+    setup_device_class,
+    setup_entity,
+)
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
@@ -154,9 +158,8 @@ async def _build_switch_automations(var, config):
         await automation.build_automation(trigger, [], conf)
 
 
+@setup_entity("switch")
 async def setup_switch_core_(var, config):
-    await setup_entity(var, config, "switch")
-
     if (inverted := config.get(CONF_INVERTED)) is not None:
         cg.add(var.set_inverted(inverted))
 
@@ -169,8 +172,7 @@ async def setup_switch_core_(var, config):
     if web_server_config := config.get(CONF_WEB_SERVER):
         await web_server.add_entity_config(var, web_server_config)
 
-    if (device_class := config.get(CONF_DEVICE_CLASS)) is not None:
-        cg.add(var.set_device_class(device_class))
+    setup_device_class(config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_restore_mode(config[CONF_RESTORE_MODE]))
     await zigbee.setup_switch(var, config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/switch/switch.h b/esphome/components/switch/switch.h
index 982c640cf9..c4f8525793 100644
--- a/esphome/components/switch/switch.h
+++ b/esphome/components/switch/switch.h
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ enum SwitchRestoreMode : uint8_t {
  * A switch is basically just a combination of a binary sensor (for reporting switch values)
  * and a write_state method that writes a state to the hardware.
  */
-class Switch : public EntityBase, public EntityBase_DeviceClass {
+class Switch : public EntityBase {
  public:
   explicit Switch();
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/text/__init__.py b/esphome/components/text/__init__.py
index 61f7119cad..224f4580d4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/text/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/text/__init__.py
@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ def text_schema(
     return _TEXT_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
 
 
+@setup_entity("text")
 async def setup_text_core_(
     var,
     config,
@@ -92,8 +93,6 @@ async def setup_text_core_(
     max_length: int | None,
     pattern: str | None,
 ):
-    await setup_entity(var, config, "text")
-
     cg.add(var.traits.set_min_length(min_length))
     cg.add(var.traits.set_max_length(max_length))
     if pattern is not None:
diff --git a/esphome/components/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/text_sensor/__init__.py
index 2edf202cd2..97f394ecf7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -21,7 +21,11 @@ from esphome.const import (
     DEVICE_CLASS_TIMESTAMP,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
-from esphome.core.entity_helpers import entity_duplicate_validator, setup_entity
+from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
+    entity_duplicate_validator,
+    setup_device_class,
+    setup_entity,
+)
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
 from esphome.util import Registry
 
@@ -208,11 +212,9 @@ async def _build_text_sensor_automations(var, config):
         await automation.build_automation(trigger, [(cg.std_string, "x")], conf)
 
 
+@setup_entity("text_sensor")
 async def setup_text_sensor_core_(var, config):
-    await setup_entity(var, config, "text_sensor")
-
-    if (device_class := config.get(CONF_DEVICE_CLASS)) is not None:
-        cg.add(var.set_device_class(device_class))
+    setup_device_class(config)
 
     if config.get(CONF_FILTERS):  # must exist and not be empty
         cg.add_define("USE_TEXT_SENSOR_FILTER")
diff --git a/esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h b/esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h
index 9916aa63b2..d26cfade96 100644
--- a/esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ void log_text_sensor(const char *tag, const char *prefix, const char *type, Text
  public: \
   void set_##name##_text_sensor(text_sensor::TextSensor *text_sensor) { this->name##_text_sensor_ = text_sensor; }
 
-class TextSensor : public EntityBase, public EntityBase_DeviceClass {
+class TextSensor : public EntityBase {
  public:
   std::string state;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/update/__init__.py b/esphome/components/update/__init__.py
index e146f7e685..c36a4ab769 100644
--- a/esphome/components/update/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/update/__init__.py
@@ -15,7 +15,11 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
-from esphome.core.entity_helpers import entity_duplicate_validator, setup_entity
+from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
+    entity_duplicate_validator,
+    setup_device_class,
+    setup_entity,
+)
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
@@ -87,11 +91,9 @@ def update_schema(
     return _UPDATE_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
 
 
+@setup_entity("update")
 async def setup_update_core_(var, config):
-    await setup_entity(var, config, "update")
-
-    if device_class_config := config.get(CONF_DEVICE_CLASS):
-        cg.add(var.set_device_class(device_class_config))
+    setup_device_class(config)
 
     if on_update_available := config.get(CONF_ON_UPDATE_AVAILABLE):
         await automation.build_automation(
diff --git a/esphome/components/update/update_entity.h b/esphome/components/update/update_entity.h
index 405346bee4..82eaacaf76 100644
--- a/esphome/components/update/update_entity.h
+++ b/esphome/components/update/update_entity.h
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ enum UpdateState : uint8_t {
 
 const LogString *update_state_to_string(UpdateState state);
 
-class UpdateEntity : public EntityBase, public EntityBase_DeviceClass {
+class UpdateEntity : public EntityBase {
  public:
   void publish_state();
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/valve/__init__.py b/esphome/components/valve/__init__.py
index 73e907eb0f..22cd01988d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/valve/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/valve/__init__.py
@@ -22,7 +22,11 @@ from esphome.const import (
     DEVICE_CLASS_WATER,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
-from esphome.core.entity_helpers import entity_duplicate_validator, setup_entity
+from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
+    entity_duplicate_validator,
+    setup_device_class,
+    setup_entity,
+)
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
 
 IS_PLATFORM_COMPONENT = True
@@ -129,11 +133,9 @@ def valve_schema(
     return _VALVE_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
 
 
+@setup_entity("valve")
 async def _setup_valve_core(var, config):
-    await setup_entity(var, config, "valve")
-
-    if device_class_config := config.get(CONF_DEVICE_CLASS):
-        cg.add(var.set_device_class(device_class_config))
+    setup_device_class(config)
 
     for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_OPEN, []):
         trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
diff --git a/esphome/components/valve/valve.h b/esphome/components/valve/valve.h
index cd46144372..aab819a778 100644
--- a/esphome/components/valve/valve.h
+++ b/esphome/components/valve/valve.h
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ const LogString *valve_operation_to_str(ValveOperation op);
  * to control all values of the valve. Also implement get_traits() to return what operations
  * the valve supports.
  */
-class Valve : public EntityBase, public EntityBase_DeviceClass {
+class Valve : public EntityBase {
  public:
   explicit Valve();
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/water_heater/__init__.py b/esphome/components/water_heater/__init__.py
index db32c2d919..58cf5a4054 100644
--- a/esphome/components/water_heater/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/water_heater/__init__.py
@@ -69,10 +69,9 @@ def water_heater_schema(
     return _WATER_HEATER_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
 
 
+@setup_entity("water_heater")
 async def setup_water_heater_core_(var: cg.Pvariable, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     """Set up the core water heater properties in C++."""
-    await setup_entity(var, config, "water_heater")
-
     visual = config[CONF_VISUAL]
     if (min_temp := visual.get(CONF_MIN_TEMPERATURE)) is not None:
         cg.add_define("USE_WATER_HEATER_VISUAL_OVERRIDES")
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
index 47e427c0d1..6b94a103cc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
@@ -1139,7 +1139,7 @@ json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::number_json_(number::Number *obj, float v
   json::JsonBuilder builder;
   JsonObject root = builder.root();
 
-  const auto uom_ref = obj->traits.get_unit_of_measurement_ref();
+  const auto uom_ref = obj->get_unit_of_measurement_ref();
   const int8_t accuracy = step_to_accuracy_decimals(obj->traits.get_step());
 
   // Need two buffers: one for value, one for state with UOM
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr/core.cpp b/esphome/components/zephyr/core.cpp
index cf3ea70245..eee7fb3f4f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zephyr/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr/core.cpp
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ void arch_restart() { sys_reboot(SYS_REBOOT_COLD); }
 uint32_t arch_get_cpu_cycle_count() { return k_cycle_get_32(); }
 uint32_t arch_get_cpu_freq_hz() { return sys_clock_hw_cycles_per_sec(); }
 uint8_t progmem_read_byte(const uint8_t *addr) { return *addr; }
+const char *progmem_read_ptr(const char *const *addr) { return *addr; }
 uint16_t progmem_read_uint16(const uint16_t *addr) { return *addr; }
 
 Mutex::Mutex() {
diff --git a/esphome/core/defines.h b/esphome/core/defines.h
index 8d778edf2a..07afefd91a 100644
--- a/esphome/core/defines.h
+++ b/esphome/core/defines.h
@@ -44,7 +44,9 @@
 #define USE_DEEP_SLEEP
 #define USE_DEVICES
 #define USE_DISPLAY
+#define USE_ENTITY_DEVICE_CLASS
 #define USE_ENTITY_ICON
+#define USE_ENTITY_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT
 #define USE_ESP32_CAMERA_JPEG_CONVERSION
 #define USE_ESP32_HOSTED
 #define USE_ESP32_IMPROV_STATE_CALLBACK
diff --git a/esphome/core/entity_base.cpp b/esphome/core/entity_base.cpp
index f6a7ec1dfd..eafc04f92a 100644
--- a/esphome/core/entity_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/entity_base.cpp
@@ -45,24 +45,42 @@ void EntityBase::set_name(const char *name, uint32_t object_id_hash) {
   }
 }
 
-// Entity Icon
-std::string EntityBase::get_icon() const {
-#ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-  if (this->icon_c_str_ == nullptr) {
-    return "";
-  }
-  return this->icon_c_str_;
+// Weak default lookup functions — overridden by generated code in main.cpp
+__attribute__((weak)) const char *entity_device_class_lookup(uint8_t) { return ""; }
+__attribute__((weak)) const char *entity_uom_lookup(uint8_t) { return ""; }
+__attribute__((weak)) const char *entity_icon_lookup(uint8_t) { return ""; }
+
+// Entity device class (from index)
+StringRef EntityBase::get_device_class_ref() const {
+#ifdef USE_ENTITY_DEVICE_CLASS
+  return StringRef(entity_device_class_lookup(this->device_class_idx_));
 #else
-  return "";
+  return StringRef(entity_device_class_lookup(0));
 #endif
 }
-void EntityBase::set_icon(const char *icon) {
-#ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-  this->icon_c_str_ = icon;
+std::string EntityBase::get_device_class() const { return std::string(this->get_device_class_ref().c_str()); }
+
+// Entity unit of measurement (from index)
+StringRef EntityBase::get_unit_of_measurement_ref() const {
+#ifdef USE_ENTITY_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT
+  return StringRef(entity_uom_lookup(this->uom_idx_));
 #else
-  // No-op when USE_ENTITY_ICON is not defined
+  return StringRef(entity_uom_lookup(0));
 #endif
 }
+std::string EntityBase::get_unit_of_measurement() const {
+  return std::string(this->get_unit_of_measurement_ref().c_str());
+}
+
+// Entity icon (from index)
+StringRef EntityBase::get_icon_ref() const {
+#ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
+  return StringRef(entity_icon_lookup(this->icon_idx_));
+#else
+  return StringRef(entity_icon_lookup(0));
+#endif
+}
+std::string EntityBase::get_icon() const { return std::string(this->get_icon_ref().c_str()); }
 
 // Entity Object ID - computed on-demand from name
 std::string EntityBase::get_object_id() const {
@@ -134,24 +152,6 @@ ESPPreferenceObject EntityBase::make_entity_preference_(size_t size, uint32_t ve
   return global_preferences->make_preference(size, key);
 }
 
-std::string EntityBase_DeviceClass::get_device_class() {
-  if (this->device_class_ == nullptr) {
-    return "";
-  }
-  return this->device_class_;
-}
-
-void EntityBase_DeviceClass::set_device_class(const char *device_class) { this->device_class_ = device_class; }
-
-std::string EntityBase_UnitOfMeasurement::get_unit_of_measurement() {
-  if (this->unit_of_measurement_ == nullptr)
-    return "";
-  return this->unit_of_measurement_;
-}
-void EntityBase_UnitOfMeasurement::set_unit_of_measurement(const char *unit_of_measurement) {
-  this->unit_of_measurement_ = unit_of_measurement;
-}
-
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
 void log_entity_icon(const char *tag, const char *prefix, const EntityBase &obj) {
   if (!obj.get_icon_ref().empty()) {
@@ -160,13 +160,13 @@ void log_entity_icon(const char *tag, const char *prefix, const EntityBase &obj)
 }
 #endif
 
-void log_entity_device_class(const char *tag, const char *prefix, const EntityBase_DeviceClass &obj) {
+void log_entity_device_class(const char *tag, const char *prefix, const EntityBase &obj) {
   if (!obj.get_device_class_ref().empty()) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "%s  Device Class: '%s'", prefix, obj.get_device_class_ref().c_str());
   }
 }
 
-void log_entity_unit_of_measurement(const char *tag, const char *prefix, const EntityBase_UnitOfMeasurement &obj) {
+void log_entity_unit_of_measurement(const char *tag, const char *prefix, const EntityBase &obj) {
   if (!obj.get_unit_of_measurement_ref().empty()) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "%s  Unit of Measurement: '%s'", prefix, obj.get_unit_of_measurement_ref().c_str());
   }
diff --git a/esphome/core/entity_base.h b/esphome/core/entity_base.h
index cbc07cc44c..042eebb40f 100644
--- a/esphome/core/entity_base.h
+++ b/esphome/core/entity_base.h
@@ -14,6 +14,12 @@
 
 namespace esphome {
 
+// Extern lookup functions for entity string tables.
+// Generated code provides strong definitions; weak defaults return "".
+extern const char *entity_device_class_lookup(uint8_t index);
+extern const char *entity_uom_lookup(uint8_t index);
+extern const char *entity_icon_lookup(uint8_t index);
+
 // Maximum device name length - keep in sync with validate_hostname() in esphome/core/config.py
 static constexpr size_t ESPHOME_DEVICE_NAME_MAX_LEN = 31;
 
@@ -89,20 +95,41 @@ class EntityBase {
     this->flags_.entity_category = static_cast<uint8_t>(entity_category);
   }
 
+  // Set entity string table indices — one call per entity from codegen.
+  // Packed: [23..16] icon | [15..8] UoM | [7..0] device_class (each 8 bits)
+  void set_entity_strings([[maybe_unused]] uint32_t packed) {
+#ifdef USE_ENTITY_DEVICE_CLASS
+    this->device_class_idx_ = packed & 0xFF;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ENTITY_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT
+    this->uom_idx_ = (packed >> 8) & 0xFF;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
+    this->icon_idx_ = (packed >> 16) & 0xFF;
+#endif
+  }
+
+  // Get device class as StringRef (from packed index)
+  StringRef get_device_class_ref() const;
+  /// Get the device class as std::string (deprecated, prefer get_device_class_ref())
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Use get_device_class_ref() instead for better performance (avoids string copy). Will be removed in "
+                "ESPHome 2026.9.0",
+                "2026.3.0")
+  std::string get_device_class() const;
+  // Get unit of measurement as StringRef (from packed index)
+  StringRef get_unit_of_measurement_ref() const;
+  /// Get the unit of measurement as std::string (deprecated, prefer get_unit_of_measurement_ref())
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Use get_unit_of_measurement_ref() instead for better performance (avoids string copy). Will be "
+                "removed in ESPHome 2026.9.0",
+                "2026.3.0")
+  std::string get_unit_of_measurement() const;
+
   // Get/set this entity's icon
   ESPDEPRECATED(
       "Use get_icon_ref() instead for better performance (avoids string copy). Will be removed in ESPHome 2026.5.0",
       "2025.11.0")
   std::string get_icon() const;
-  void set_icon(const char *icon);
-  StringRef get_icon_ref() const {
-    static constexpr auto EMPTY_STRING = StringRef::from_lit("");
-#ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-    return this->icon_c_str_ == nullptr ? EMPTY_STRING : StringRef(this->icon_c_str_);
-#else
-    return EMPTY_STRING;
-#endif
-  }
+  StringRef get_icon_ref() const;
 
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   // Get/set this entity's device id
@@ -173,9 +200,6 @@ class EntityBase {
   void calc_object_id_();
 
   StringRef name_;
-#ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-  const char *icon_c_str_{nullptr};
-#endif
   uint32_t object_id_hash_{};
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   Device *device_{};
@@ -190,44 +214,16 @@ class EntityBase {
     uint8_t entity_category : 2;  // Supports up to 4 categories
     uint8_t reserved : 2;         // Reserved for future use
   } flags_{};
-};
-
-class EntityBase_DeviceClass {  // NOLINT(readability-identifier-naming)
- public:
-  /// Get the device class, using the manual override if set.
-  ESPDEPRECATED("Use get_device_class_ref() instead for better performance (avoids string copy). Will be removed in "
-                "ESPHome 2026.5.0",
-                "2025.11.0")
-  std::string get_device_class();
-  /// Manually set the device class.
-  void set_device_class(const char *device_class);
-  /// Get the device class as StringRef
-  StringRef get_device_class_ref() const {
-    static constexpr auto EMPTY_STRING = StringRef::from_lit("");
-    return this->device_class_ == nullptr ? EMPTY_STRING : StringRef(this->device_class_);
-  }
-
- protected:
-  const char *device_class_{nullptr};  ///< Device class override
-};
-
-class EntityBase_UnitOfMeasurement {  // NOLINT(readability-identifier-naming)
- public:
-  /// Get the unit of measurement, using the manual override if set.
-  ESPDEPRECATED("Use get_unit_of_measurement_ref() instead for better performance (avoids string copy). Will be "
-                "removed in ESPHome 2026.5.0",
-                "2025.11.0")
-  std::string get_unit_of_measurement();
-  /// Manually set the unit of measurement.
-  void set_unit_of_measurement(const char *unit_of_measurement);
-  /// Get the unit of measurement as StringRef
-  StringRef get_unit_of_measurement_ref() const {
-    static constexpr auto EMPTY_STRING = StringRef::from_lit("");
-    return this->unit_of_measurement_ == nullptr ? EMPTY_STRING : StringRef(this->unit_of_measurement_);
-  }
-
- protected:
-  const char *unit_of_measurement_{nullptr};  ///< Unit of measurement override
+  // String table indices — packed into the 3 padding bytes after flags_
+#ifdef USE_ENTITY_DEVICE_CLASS
+  uint8_t device_class_idx_{};
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ENTITY_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT
+  uint8_t uom_idx_{};
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
+  uint8_t icon_idx_{};
+#endif
 };
 
 /// Log entity icon if set (for use in dump_config)
@@ -240,10 +236,10 @@ inline void log_entity_icon(const char *, const char *, const EntityBase &) {}
 #endif
 /// Log entity device class if set (for use in dump_config)
 #define LOG_ENTITY_DEVICE_CLASS(tag, prefix, obj) log_entity_device_class(tag, prefix, obj)
-void log_entity_device_class(const char *tag, const char *prefix, const EntityBase_DeviceClass &obj);
+void log_entity_device_class(const char *tag, const char *prefix, const EntityBase &obj);
 /// Log entity unit of measurement if set (for use in dump_config)
 #define LOG_ENTITY_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT(tag, prefix, obj) log_entity_unit_of_measurement(tag, prefix, obj)
-void log_entity_unit_of_measurement(const char *tag, const char *prefix, const EntityBase_UnitOfMeasurement &obj);
+void log_entity_unit_of_measurement(const char *tag, const char *prefix, const EntityBase &obj);
 
 /**
  * An entity that has a state.
diff --git a/esphome/core/entity_helpers.py b/esphome/core/entity_helpers.py
index c1801c0bda..551e35df65 100644
--- a/esphome/core/entity_helpers.py
+++ b/esphome/core/entity_helpers.py
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 from collections.abc import Callable
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+import functools
 import logging
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_DEVICE_CLASS,
     CONF_DEVICE_ID,
     CONF_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT,
     CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY,
@@ -11,15 +14,184 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_INTERNAL,
     CONF_NAME,
+    CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, ID
-from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, add, get_variable
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, RawStatement, add, get_variable
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
-from esphome.helpers import fnv1_hash_object_id, sanitize, snake_case
+from esphome.helpers import cpp_string_escape, fnv1_hash_object_id, sanitize, snake_case
 from esphome.types import ConfigType, EntityMetadata
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+DOMAIN = "entity_string_pool"
+
+# Private config keys for storing registered string indices
+_KEY_DC_IDX = "_entity_dc_idx"
+_KEY_UOM_IDX = "_entity_uom_idx"
+_KEY_ICON_IDX = "_entity_icon_idx"
+
+# Bit layout for set_entity_strings(packed) — must match C++ setter in entity_base.h:
+#   [23..16] icon (8 bits) | [15..8] UoM (8 bits) | [7..0] device_class (8 bits)
+_DC_SHIFT = 0
+_UOM_SHIFT = 8
+_ICON_SHIFT = 16
+
+# Maximum unique strings per category (8-bit index, 0 = not set)
+_MAX_DEVICE_CLASSES = 0xFF  # 255
+_MAX_UNITS = 0xFF  # 255
+_MAX_ICONS = 0xFF  # 255
+
+
+@dataclass
+class EntityStringPool:
+    """Pool of entity string properties for PROGMEM pointer tables.
+
+    Strings are registered during to_code() and assigned 1-based indices.
+    Index 0 means "not set" (empty string). At render time, the pool
+    generates C++ PROGMEM pointer table + lookup function per category.
+    """
+
+    device_classes: dict[str, int] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    units: dict[str, int] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    icons: dict[str, int] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    tables_registered: bool = False
+
+
+def _get_pool() -> EntityStringPool:
+    """Get or create the entity string pool from CORE.data."""
+    if DOMAIN not in CORE.data:
+        CORE.data[DOMAIN] = EntityStringPool()
+    return CORE.data[DOMAIN]
+
+
+def _ensure_tables_registered() -> None:
+    """Schedule the table generation job (once)."""
+    pool = _get_pool()
+    if pool.tables_registered:
+        return
+    pool.tables_registered = True
+    CORE.add_job(_generate_tables_job)
+
+
+def _generate_category_code(
+    table_var: str,
+    lookup_fn: str,
+    strings: dict[str, int],
+) -> str:
+    """Generate C++ code for one string category (PROGMEM pointer table + lookup).
+
+    Uses a PROGMEM array of string pointers. On ESP8266, pointers are stored
+    in flash (via PROGMEM) and read with progmem_read_ptr(). String literals
+    themselves remain in RAM but benefit from linker string deduplication.
+    Index 0 means "not set" and returns empty string.
+    """
+    if not strings:
+        return ""
+
+    sorted_strings = sorted(strings.items(), key=lambda x: x[1])
+    entries = ", ".join(cpp_string_escape(s) for s, _ in sorted_strings)
+    count = len(sorted_strings)
+
+    return (
+        f"static const char *const {table_var}[] PROGMEM = {{{entries}}};\n"
+        f"const char *{lookup_fn}(uint8_t index) {{\n"
+        f'  if (index == 0 || index > {count}) return "";\n'
+        f"  return progmem_read_ptr(&{table_var}[index - 1]);\n"
+        f"}}\n"
+    )
+
+
+_CATEGORY_CONFIGS = (
+    ("ENTITY_DC_TABLE", "entity_device_class_lookup", "device_classes"),
+    ("ENTITY_UOM_TABLE", "entity_uom_lookup", "units"),
+    ("ENTITY_ICON_TABLE", "entity_icon_lookup", "icons"),
+)
+
+
+@coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
+async def _generate_tables_job() -> None:
+    """Generate all entity string table C++ code as a FINAL-priority job.
+
+    Runs after all component to_code() calls have registered their strings.
+    """
+    pool = _get_pool()
+    parts = ["namespace esphome {"]
+    for table_var, lookup_fn, attr in _CATEGORY_CONFIGS:
+        code = _generate_category_code(table_var, lookup_fn, getattr(pool, attr))
+        if code:
+            parts.append(code)
+    parts.append("}  // namespace esphome")
+    cg.add_global(RawStatement("\n".join(parts)))
+
+
+def _register_string(
+    value: str, category: dict[str, int], max_count: int, category_name: str
+) -> int:
+    """Register a string in a category dict and return its 1-based index.
+
+    Returns 0 if value is empty/None (meaning "not set").
+    """
+    if not value:
+        return 0
+    if value in category:
+        return category[value]
+    idx = len(category) + 1
+    if idx > max_count:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Too many unique {category_name} values (max {max_count}), got {idx}: '{value}'"
+        )
+    category[value] = idx
+    _ensure_tables_registered()
+    return idx
+
+
+def register_device_class(value: str) -> int:
+    """Register a device_class string and return its 1-based index."""
+    return _register_string(
+        value, _get_pool().device_classes, _MAX_DEVICE_CLASSES, "device_class"
+    )
+
+
+def register_unit_of_measurement(value: str) -> int:
+    """Register a unit_of_measurement string and return its 1-based index."""
+    return _register_string(value, _get_pool().units, _MAX_UNITS, "unit_of_measurement")
+
+
+def register_icon(value: str) -> int:
+    """Register an icon string and return its 1-based index."""
+    return _register_string(value, _get_pool().icons, _MAX_ICONS, "icon")
+
+
+def setup_device_class(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    """Register config's device_class and store its index for finalize_entity_strings."""
+    idx = register_device_class(config.get(CONF_DEVICE_CLASS, ""))
+    if idx:
+        cg.add_define("USE_ENTITY_DEVICE_CLASS")
+    config[_KEY_DC_IDX] = idx
+
+
+def setup_unit_of_measurement(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    """Register config's unit_of_measurement and store its index for finalize_entity_strings."""
+    idx = register_unit_of_measurement(config.get(CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT, ""))
+    if idx:
+        cg.add_define("USE_ENTITY_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT")
+    config[_KEY_UOM_IDX] = idx
+
+
+def finalize_entity_strings(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    """Emit a single set_entity_strings() call with all packed indices.
+
+    Call this at the end of each component's setup function, after
+    setup_entity() and any register_device_class/register_unit_of_measurement calls.
+    """
+    dc_idx = config.get(_KEY_DC_IDX, 0)
+    uom_idx = config.get(_KEY_UOM_IDX, 0)
+    icon_idx = config.get(_KEY_ICON_IDX, 0)
+    packed = (dc_idx << _DC_SHIFT) | (uom_idx << _UOM_SHIFT) | (icon_idx << _ICON_SHIFT)
+    if packed != 0:
+        add(var.set_entity_strings(packed))
+
 
 def get_base_entity_object_id(
     name: str, friendly_name: str | None, device_name: str | None = None
@@ -64,8 +236,48 @@ def get_base_entity_object_id(
     return sanitize(snake_case(base_str))
 
 
-async def setup_entity(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType, platform: str) -> None:
-    """Set up generic properties of an Entity.
+def setup_entity(var_or_platform, config=None, platform=None):
+    """Set up entity properties — works as both decorator and direct call.
+
+    Decorator mode::
+
+        @setup_entity("sensor")
+        async def setup_sensor_core_(var, config):
+            setup_device_class(config)
+            setup_unit_of_measurement(config)
+            ...
+
+    Direct call mode (for entities with no extra string properties)::
+
+        await setup_entity(var, config, "camera")
+    """
+    if isinstance(var_or_platform, str) and config is None:
+        # Decorator mode: @setup_entity("sensor")
+        platform = var_or_platform
+
+        def decorator(func: Callable) -> Callable:
+            @functools.wraps(func)
+            async def wrapper(
+                var: MockObj, config: ConfigType, *args, **kwargs
+            ) -> None:
+                await _setup_entity_impl(var, config, platform)
+                await func(var, config, *args, **kwargs)
+                finalize_entity_strings(var, config)
+
+            return wrapper
+
+        return decorator
+
+    # Direct call mode: await setup_entity(var, config, "camera")
+    async def _do() -> None:
+        await _setup_entity_impl(var_or_platform, config, platform)
+        finalize_entity_strings(var_or_platform, config)
+
+    return _do()
+
+
+async def _setup_entity_impl(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType, platform: str) -> None:
+    """Set up generic properties of an Entity (internal implementation).
 
     This function sets up the common entity properties like name, icon,
     entity category, etc.
@@ -92,12 +304,15 @@ async def setup_entity(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType, platform: str) -> None:
         add(var.set_disabled_by_default(True))
     if CONF_INTERNAL in config:
         add(var.set_internal(config[CONF_INTERNAL]))
+    icon_idx = 0
     if CONF_ICON in config:
         # Add USE_ENTITY_ICON define when icons are used
         cg.add_define("USE_ENTITY_ICON")
-        add(var.set_icon(config[CONF_ICON]))
+        icon_idx = register_icon(config[CONF_ICON])
     if CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY in config:
         add(var.set_entity_category(config[CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY]))
+    # Store icon index for finalize_entity_strings
+    config[_KEY_ICON_IDX] = icon_idx
 
 
 def inherit_property_from(property_to_inherit, parent_id_property, transform=None):
diff --git a/esphome/core/hal.h b/esphome/core/hal.h
index ef45be629d..c2c9b1a325 100644
--- a/esphome/core/hal.h
+++ b/esphome/core/hal.h
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ void arch_feed_wdt();
 uint32_t arch_get_cpu_cycle_count();
 uint32_t arch_get_cpu_freq_hz();
 uint8_t progmem_read_byte(const uint8_t *addr);
+const char *progmem_read_ptr(const char *const *addr);
 uint16_t progmem_read_uint16(const uint16_t *addr);
 
 }  // namespace esphome
diff --git a/script/clang-tidy b/script/clang-tidy
index 17bcafacc7..9c2899026d 100755
--- a/script/clang-tidy
+++ b/script/clang-tidy
@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ def clang_options(idedata):
             "-Dpgm_read_byte_near(s)=(*(const uint8_t *)(s))",
             "-Dpgm_read_word(s)=(*(const uint16_t *)(s))",
             "-Dpgm_read_dword(s)=(*(const uint32_t *)(s))",
+            "-Dpgm_read_ptr(s)=(*(const void *const *)(s))",
             "-DPROGMEM=",
             "-DPGM_P=const char *",
             "-DPSTR(s)=(s)",
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/sensor/test_sensor.py b/tests/component_tests/sensor/test_sensor.py
index 35ce1f4e11..221e7edf2c 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/sensor/test_sensor.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/sensor/test_sensor.py
@@ -11,4 +11,4 @@ def test_sensor_device_class_set(generate_main):
     main_cpp = generate_main("tests/component_tests/sensor/test_sensor.yaml")
 
     # Then
-    assert 's_1->set_device_class("voltage");' in main_cpp
+    assert "s_1->set_entity_strings(" in main_cpp
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/text_sensor/test_text_sensor.py b/tests/component_tests/text_sensor/test_text_sensor.py
index 1593d0b6d8..4aaebe04d1 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/text_sensor/test_text_sensor.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/text_sensor/test_text_sensor.py
@@ -54,5 +54,5 @@ def test_text_sensor_device_class_set(generate_main):
     main_cpp = generate_main("tests/component_tests/text_sensor/test_text_sensor.yaml")
 
     # Then
-    assert 'ts_2->set_device_class("timestamp");' in main_cpp
-    assert 'ts_3->set_device_class("date");' in main_cpp
+    assert "ts_2->set_entity_strings(" in main_cpp
+    assert "ts_3->set_entity_strings(" in main_cpp
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/core/test_entity_helpers.py b/tests/unit_tests/core/test_entity_helpers.py
index a58d4784ce..a5cfad5ab6 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/core/test_entity_helpers.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/core/test_entity_helpers.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.config_validation import Invalid
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_DEVICE_ID,
     CONF_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT,
+    CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY,
     CONF_ICON,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_INTERNAL,
@@ -18,6 +19,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, ID, entity_helpers
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
+    _register_string,
+    _setup_entity_impl,
     entity_duplicate_validator,
     get_base_entity_object_id,
     setup_entity,
@@ -305,7 +308,7 @@ async def test_setup_entity_no_duplicates(setup_test_environment: list[str]) ->
         CONF_NAME: "Temperature",
         CONF_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT: False,
     }
-    await setup_entity(var1, config1, "sensor")
+    await _setup_entity_impl(var1, config1, "sensor")
 
     # Get object ID from first entity
     object_id1 = extract_object_id_from_expressions(added_expressions)
@@ -319,7 +322,7 @@ async def test_setup_entity_no_duplicates(setup_test_environment: list[str]) ->
         CONF_NAME: "Humidity",
         CONF_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT: False,
     }
-    await setup_entity(var2, config2, "sensor")
+    await _setup_entity_impl(var2, config2, "sensor")
 
     # Get object ID from second entity
     object_id2 = extract_object_id_from_expressions(added_expressions)
@@ -354,7 +357,7 @@ async def test_setup_entity_different_platforms(
     object_ids: list[str] = []
     for var, platform in platforms:
         added_expressions.clear()
-        await setup_entity(var, config, platform)
+        await _setup_entity_impl(var, config, platform)
         object_id = extract_object_id_from_expressions(added_expressions)
         object_ids.append(object_id)
 
@@ -416,7 +419,7 @@ async def test_setup_entity_with_devices(
     object_ids: list[str] = []
     for var, config in [(sensor1, config1), (sensor2, config2)]:
         added_expressions.clear()
-        await setup_entity(var, config, "sensor")
+        await _setup_entity_impl(var, config, "sensor")
         object_id = extract_object_id_from_expressions(added_expressions)
         object_ids.append(object_id)
 
@@ -438,7 +441,7 @@ async def test_setup_entity_empty_name(setup_test_environment: list[str]) -> Non
         CONF_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT: False,
     }
 
-    await setup_entity(var, config, "sensor")
+    await _setup_entity_impl(var, config, "sensor")
 
     object_id = extract_object_id_from_expressions(added_expressions)
     # Should use friendly name
@@ -460,7 +463,7 @@ async def test_setup_entity_special_characters(
         CONF_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT: False,
     }
 
-    await setup_entity(var, config, "sensor")
+    await _setup_entity_impl(var, config, "sensor")
     object_id = extract_object_id_from_expressions(added_expressions)
 
     # Special characters should be sanitized
@@ -471,7 +474,7 @@ async def test_setup_entity_special_characters(
 async def test_setup_entity_with_icon(setup_test_environment: list[str]) -> None:
     """Test setup_entity sets icon correctly."""
 
-    added_expressions = setup_test_environment
+    setup_test_environment  # noqa: F841 - fixture initializes CORE state
 
     var = MockObj("sensor1")
 
@@ -481,12 +484,10 @@ async def test_setup_entity_with_icon(setup_test_environment: list[str]) -> None
         CONF_ICON: "mdi:thermometer",
     }
 
-    await setup_entity(var, config, "sensor")
+    await _setup_entity_impl(var, config, "sensor")
 
-    # Check icon was set
-    assert any(
-        'sensor1.set_icon("mdi:thermometer")' in expr for expr in added_expressions
-    )
+    # Check icon index was stored in config for finalize_entity_strings
+    assert config.get("_entity_icon_idx", 0) > 0
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -504,7 +505,7 @@ async def test_setup_entity_disabled_by_default(
         CONF_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT: True,
     }
 
-    await setup_entity(var, config, "sensor")
+    await _setup_entity_impl(var, config, "sensor")
 
     # Check disabled_by_default was set
     assert any(
@@ -790,7 +791,7 @@ async def test_setup_entity_empty_name_with_device(
         CONF_DEVICE_ID: device_id,
     }
 
-    await setup_entity(var, config, "sensor")
+    await _setup_entity_impl(var, config, "sensor")
 
     entity_helpers.get_variable = original_get_variable
 
@@ -826,7 +827,7 @@ async def test_setup_entity_empty_name_with_mac_suffix(
         CONF_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT: False,
     }
 
-    await setup_entity(var, config, "sensor")
+    await _setup_entity_impl(var, config, "sensor")
 
     # For empty-name entities, Python passes 0 - C++ calculates hash at runtime
     assert any('set_name("", 0)' in expr for expr in added_expressions), (
@@ -858,7 +859,7 @@ async def test_setup_entity_empty_name_with_mac_suffix_no_friendly_name(
         CONF_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT: False,
     }
 
-    await setup_entity(var, config, "sensor")
+    await _setup_entity_impl(var, config, "sensor")
 
     # For empty-name entities, Python passes 0 - C++ calculates hash at runtime
     assert any('set_name("", 0)' in expr for expr in added_expressions), (
@@ -891,9 +892,84 @@ async def test_setup_entity_empty_name_no_mac_suffix_no_friendly_name(
         CONF_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT: False,
     }
 
-    await setup_entity(var, config, "sensor")
+    await _setup_entity_impl(var, config, "sensor")
 
     # For empty-name entities, Python passes 0 - C++ calculates hash at runtime
     assert any('set_name("", 0)' in expr for expr in added_expressions), (
         f"Expected set_name with hash 0, got {added_expressions}"
     )
+
+
+def test_register_string_overflow() -> None:
+    """Test _register_string raises ValueError when max count is exceeded."""
+    category: dict[str, int] = {}
+    for i in range(3):
+        _register_string(f"val_{i}", category, 3, "test")
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Too many unique test values"):
+        _register_string("overflow", category, 3, "test")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_setup_entity_with_entity_category(
+    setup_test_environment: list[str],
+) -> None:
+    """Test setup_entity sets entity_category correctly."""
+    added_expressions = setup_test_environment
+    var = MockObj("sensor1")
+    config = {
+        CONF_NAME: "Temperature",
+        CONF_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT: False,
+        CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY: "diagnostic",
+    }
+    await _setup_entity_impl(var, config, "sensor")
+    assert any(
+        'set_entity_category("diagnostic")' in expr for expr in added_expressions
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_setup_entity_direct_call(setup_test_environment: list[str]) -> None:
+    """Test setup_entity in direct call mode (legacy / backward compat)."""
+    added_expressions = setup_test_environment
+
+    var = MockObj("camera1")
+    config = {
+        CONF_NAME: "My Camera",
+        CONF_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT: False,
+        CONF_ICON: "mdi:camera",
+    }
+
+    # Direct call mode: await setup_entity(var, config, "camera")
+    await setup_entity(var, config, "camera")
+
+    # Should have called set_name
+    object_id = extract_object_id_from_expressions(added_expressions)
+    assert object_id == "my_camera"
+
+    # Icon index should have been stored and finalized
+    assert config.get("_entity_icon_idx", 0) > 0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_setup_entity_decorator_mode(setup_test_environment: list[str]) -> None:
+    """Test setup_entity in decorator mode."""
+    added_expressions = setup_test_environment
+
+    body_called = False
+
+    @setup_entity("sensor")
+    async def my_setup(var, config):
+        nonlocal body_called
+        body_called = True
+
+    var = MockObj("sensor1")
+    config = {
+        CONF_NAME: "Temperature",
+        CONF_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT: False,
+    }
+
+    await my_setup(var, config)
+
+    assert body_called
+    object_id = extract_object_id_from_expressions(added_expressions)
+    assert object_id == "temperature"

From 78602ccacb33dcf3acdad5a55be497af52cc4287 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Tue, 3 Mar 2026 07:03:50 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 328/609] [ci] Add lint check to prevent powf in core and base
 entity platforms (#14126)

---
 esphome/core/helpers.cpp |  4 ++--
 esphome/core/helpers.h   |  4 ++--
 script/ci-custom.py      | 48 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 52 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/helpers.cpp b/esphome/core/helpers.cpp
index c75799fe57..00b447ebf2 100644
--- a/esphome/core/helpers.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/helpers.cpp
@@ -706,7 +706,7 @@ float gamma_correct(float value, float gamma) {
   if (gamma <= 0.0f)
     return value;
 
-  return powf(value, gamma);
+  return powf(value, gamma);  // NOLINT - deprecated, removal 2026.9.0
 }
 float gamma_uncorrect(float value, float gamma) {
   if (value <= 0.0f)
@@ -714,7 +714,7 @@ float gamma_uncorrect(float value, float gamma) {
   if (gamma <= 0.0f)
     return value;
 
-  return powf(value, 1 / gamma);
+  return powf(value, 1 / gamma);  // NOLINT - deprecated, removal 2026.9.0
 }
 
 void rgb_to_hsv(float red, float green, float blue, int &hue, float &saturation, float &value) {
diff --git a/esphome/core/helpers.h b/esphome/core/helpers.h
index 187b383f65..6ce5de4975 100644
--- a/esphome/core/helpers.h
+++ b/esphome/core/helpers.h
@@ -512,8 +512,8 @@ template<size_t STACK_SIZE, typename T = uint8_t> class SmallBufferWithHeapFallb
 ///@{
 
 /// Compute 10^exp using iterative multiplication/division.
-/// Avoids pulling in powf/__ieee754_powf (~2.3KB flash) for small integer exponents.
-/// Matches powf(10, exp) for the int8_t exponent range used by sensor accuracy_decimals.
+/// Avoids pulling in powf/__ieee754_powf (~2.3KB flash) for small integer exponents.  // NOLINT
+/// Matches powf(10, exp) for the int8_t exponent range used by sensor accuracy_decimals.  // NOLINT
 inline float pow10_int(int8_t exp) {
   float result = 1.0f;
   if (exp >= 0) {
diff --git a/script/ci-custom.py b/script/ci-custom.py
index f428eb0821..b60d7d7740 100755
--- a/script/ci-custom.py
+++ b/script/ci-custom.py
@@ -841,6 +841,54 @@ def lint_no_scanf(fname, match):
     )
 
 
+# Base entity platforms - these are linked into most builds and should not
+# pull in powf/__ieee754_powf (~2.3KB flash).
+BASE_ENTITY_PLATFORMS = [
+    "alarm_control_panel",
+    "binary_sensor",
+    "button",
+    "climate",
+    "cover",
+    "datetime",
+    "event",
+    "fan",
+    "light",
+    "lock",
+    "media_player",
+    "number",
+    "select",
+    "sensor",
+    "switch",
+    "text",
+    "text_sensor",
+    "update",
+    "valve",
+    "water_heater",
+]
+
+# Directories protected from powf: core + all base entity platforms
+POWF_PROTECTED_DIRS = ["esphome/core"] + [
+    f"esphome/components/{p}" for p in BASE_ENTITY_PLATFORMS
+]
+
+
+@lint_re_check(
+    r"[^\w]powf\s*\(" + CPP_RE_EOL,
+    include=[
+        f"{d}/*.{ext}" for d in POWF_PROTECTED_DIRS for ext in ["h", "cpp", "tcc"]
+    ],
+)
+def lint_no_powf_in_core(fname, match):
+    return (
+        f"{highlight('powf()')} pulls in __ieee754_powf (~2.3KB flash) and is not allowed in "
+        f"core or base entity platform code. These files are linked into every build.\n"
+        f"Please use alternatives:\n"
+        f"  - {highlight('pow10_int(exp)')} for integer powers of 10 (from helpers.h)\n"
+        f"  - Precomputed lookup tables for gamma/non-integer exponents\n"
+        f"(If powf is strictly necessary, add `// NOLINT` to the line)"
+    )
+
+
 LOG_MULTILINE_RE = re.compile(r"ESP_LOG\w+\s*\(.*?;", re.DOTALL)
 LOG_BAD_CONTINUATION_RE = re.compile(r'\\n(?:[^ \\"\r\n\t]|"\s*\n\s*"[^ \\])')
 LOG_PERCENT_S_CONTINUATION_RE = re.compile(r'\\n(?:%s|"\s*\n\s*"%s)')

From 4f69c487daa565dbe43a87f5b489f3dd40a3ff68 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Tue, 3 Mar 2026 07:04:12 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 329/609] [bk72xx] Fix ~100ms loop stalls by raising main task
 priority (#14420)

---
 esphome/components/libretiny/core.cpp | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/libretiny/core.cpp b/esphome/components/libretiny/core.cpp
index 893a79440a..6bb2d9dcc1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/libretiny/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/libretiny/core.cpp
@@ -7,6 +7,9 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "preferences.h"
 
+#include <FreeRTOS.h>
+#include <task.h>
+
 void setup();
 void loop();
 
@@ -22,6 +25,22 @@ void IRAM_ATTR HOT delayMicroseconds(uint32_t us) { ::delayMicroseconds(us); }
 void arch_init() {
   libretiny::setup_preferences();
   lt_wdt_enable(10000L);
+#ifdef USE_BK72XX
+  // BK72xx SDK creates the main Arduino task at priority 3, which is lower than
+  // all WiFi (4-5), LwIP (4), and TCP/IP (7) tasks. This causes ~100ms loop
+  // stalls whenever WiFi background processing runs, because the main task
+  // cannot resume until every higher-priority task finishes.
+  //
+  // By contrast, RTL87xx creates the main task at osPriorityRealtime (highest).
+  //
+  // Raise to priority 6: above WiFi/LwIP tasks (4-5) so they don't preempt the
+  // main loop, but below the TCP/IP thread (7) so packet processing keeps priority.
+  // This is safe because ESPHome yields voluntarily via yield_with_select_() and
+  // the Arduino mainTask yield() after each loop() iteration.
+  static constexpr UBaseType_t MAIN_TASK_PRIORITY = 6;
+  static_assert(MAIN_TASK_PRIORITY < configMAX_PRIORITIES, "MAIN_TASK_PRIORITY must be less than configMAX_PRIORITIES");
+  vTaskPrioritySet(nullptr, MAIN_TASK_PRIORITY);
+#endif
 #if LT_GPIO_RECOVER
   lt_gpio_recover();
 #endif

From b209c903bb6991c1242d40e347e3625f594bdaab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Tue, 3 Mar 2026 07:05:15 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 330/609] [core] Inline trivial Component state accessors
 (#14425)

---
 esphome/core/component.cpp |  8 --------
 esphome/core/component.h   | 12 ++++++------
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/component.cpp b/esphome/core/component.cpp
index 53cb50a44c..4ccc747819 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/component.cpp
@@ -233,7 +233,6 @@ void Component::call_dump_config_() {
   }
 }
 
-uint8_t Component::get_component_state() const { return this->component_state_; }
 void Component::call() {
   uint8_t state = this->component_state_ & COMPONENT_STATE_MASK;
   switch (state) {
@@ -339,9 +338,6 @@ void Component::reset_to_construction_state() {
     this->status_clear_error();
   }
 }
-bool Component::is_in_loop_state() const {
-  return (this->component_state_ & COMPONENT_STATE_MASK) == COMPONENT_STATE_LOOP;
-}
 void Component::defer(std::function<void()> &&f) {  // NOLINT
   App.scheduler.set_timeout(this, static_cast<const char *>(nullptr), 0, std::move(f));
 }
@@ -380,16 +376,12 @@ void Component::set_retry(uint32_t initial_wait_time, uint8_t max_attempts, std:
   App.scheduler.set_retry(this, "", initial_wait_time, max_attempts, std::move(f), backoff_increase_factor);
 #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
 }
-bool Component::is_failed() const { return (this->component_state_ & COMPONENT_STATE_MASK) == COMPONENT_STATE_FAILED; }
 bool Component::is_ready() const {
   return (this->component_state_ & COMPONENT_STATE_MASK) == COMPONENT_STATE_LOOP ||
          (this->component_state_ & COMPONENT_STATE_MASK) == COMPONENT_STATE_LOOP_DONE ||
          (this->component_state_ & COMPONENT_STATE_MASK) == COMPONENT_STATE_SETUP;
 }
-bool Component::is_idle() const { return (this->component_state_ & COMPONENT_STATE_MASK) == COMPONENT_STATE_LOOP_DONE; }
 bool Component::can_proceed() { return true; }
-bool Component::status_has_warning() const { return this->component_state_ & STATUS_LED_WARNING; }
-bool Component::status_has_error() const { return this->component_state_ & STATUS_LED_ERROR; }
 bool Component::set_status_flag_(uint8_t flag) {
   if ((this->component_state_ & flag) != 0)
     return false;
diff --git a/esphome/core/component.h b/esphome/core/component.h
index d8102ea670..e5127b0c9f 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component.h
+++ b/esphome/core/component.h
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ class Component {
    */
   virtual void on_powerdown() {}
 
-  uint8_t get_component_state() const;
+  uint8_t get_component_state() const { return this->component_state_; }
 
   /** Reset this component back to the construction state to allow setup to run again.
    *
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ class Component {
    *
    * @return True if in loop state, false otherwise.
    */
-  bool is_in_loop_state() const;
+  bool is_in_loop_state() const { return (this->component_state_ & COMPONENT_STATE_MASK) == COMPONENT_STATE_LOOP; }
 
   /** Check if this component is idle.
    * Being idle means being in LOOP_DONE state.
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ class Component {
    *
    * @return True if the component is idle
    */
-  bool is_idle() const;
+  bool is_idle() const { return (this->component_state_ & COMPONENT_STATE_MASK) == COMPONENT_STATE_LOOP_DONE; }
 
   /** Mark this component as failed. Any future timeouts/intervals/setup/loop will no longer be called.
    *
@@ -230,15 +230,15 @@ class Component {
    */
   void enable_loop_soon_any_context();
 
-  bool is_failed() const;
+  bool is_failed() const { return (this->component_state_ & COMPONENT_STATE_MASK) == COMPONENT_STATE_FAILED; }
 
   bool is_ready() const;
 
   virtual bool can_proceed();
 
-  bool status_has_warning() const;
+  bool status_has_warning() const { return this->component_state_ & STATUS_LED_WARNING; }
 
-  bool status_has_error() const;
+  bool status_has_error() const { return this->component_state_ & STATUS_LED_ERROR; }
 
   void status_set_warning(const char *message = nullptr);
   void status_set_warning(const LogString *message);

From 95544dddf8bd2171ff42da909fe9cd9786a10710 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Tue, 3 Mar 2026 07:11:47 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 331/609] [ci] Add code-owner-approved label workflow (#14421)

---
 .github/scripts/auto-label-pr/detectors.js    |  47 +-----
 .github/scripts/codeowners.js                 | 143 ++++++++++++++++
 .../workflows/codeowner-approved-label.yml    | 158 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../workflows/codeowner-review-request.yml    | 118 ++++---------
 4 files changed, 342 insertions(+), 124 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/scripts/codeowners.js
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/codeowner-approved-label.yml

diff --git a/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/detectors.js b/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/detectors.js
index 80d8847bc1..832fcb41db 100644
--- a/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/detectors.js
+++ b/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/detectors.js
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ const {
   hasDashboardChanges,
   hasGitHubActionsChanges,
 } = require('../detect-tags');
+const { loadCodeowners, getEffectiveOwners } = require('../codeowners');
 
 // Strategy: Merge branch detection
 async function detectMergeBranch(context) {
@@ -148,51 +149,15 @@ async function detectGitHubActionsChanges(changedFiles) {
 // Strategy: Code owner detection
 async function detectCodeOwner(github, context, changedFiles) {
   const labels = new Set();
-  const { owner, repo } = context.repo;
 
   try {
-    const { data: codeownersFile } = await github.rest.repos.getContent({
-      owner,
-      repo,
-      path: 'CODEOWNERS',
-    });
-
-    const codeownersContent = Buffer.from(codeownersFile.content, 'base64').toString('utf8');
+    const codeownersPatterns = loadCodeowners();
     const prAuthor = context.payload.pull_request.user.login;
 
-    const codeownersLines = codeownersContent.split('\n')
-      .map(line => line.trim())
-      .filter(line => line && !line.startsWith('#'));
-
-    const codeownersRegexes = codeownersLines.map(line => {
-      const parts = line.split(/\s+/);
-      const pattern = parts[0];
-      const owners = parts.slice(1);
-
-      let regex;
-      if (pattern.endsWith('*')) {
-        const dir = pattern.slice(0, -1);
-        regex = new RegExp(`^${dir.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&')}`);
-      } else if (pattern.includes('*')) {
-        // First escape all regex special chars except *, then replace * with .*
-        const regexPattern = pattern
-          .replace(/[.+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&')
-          .replace(/\*/g, '.*');
-        regex = new RegExp(`^${regexPattern}$`);
-      } else {
-        regex = new RegExp(`^${pattern.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&')}$`);
-      }
-
-      return { regex, owners };
-    });
-
-    for (const file of changedFiles) {
-      for (const { regex, owners } of codeownersRegexes) {
-        if (regex.test(file) && owners.some(owner => owner === `@${prAuthor}`)) {
-          labels.add('by-code-owner');
-          return labels;
-        }
-      }
+    // Check if PR author is a codeowner of any changed file
+    const effective = getEffectiveOwners(changedFiles, codeownersPatterns);
+    if (effective.users.has(prAuthor)) {
+      labels.add('by-code-owner');
     }
   } catch (error) {
     console.log('Failed to read or parse CODEOWNERS file:', error.message);
diff --git a/.github/scripts/codeowners.js b/.github/scripts/codeowners.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9a10391699
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/scripts/codeowners.js
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+// Shared CODEOWNERS parsing and matching utilities.
+//
+// Used by:
+//   - codeowner-review-request.yml
+//   - codeowner-approved-label.yml
+//   - auto-label-pr/detectors.js (detectCodeOwner)
+
+/**
+ * Convert a CODEOWNERS glob pattern to a RegExp.
+ *
+ * Handles **, *, and ? wildcards after escaping regex-special characters.
+ */
+function globToRegex(pattern) {
+  let regexStr = pattern
+    .replace(/([.+^=!:${}()|[\]\\])/g, '\\$1')
+    .replace(/\*\*/g, '\x00GLOBSTAR\x00')  // protect ** from next replace
+    .replace(/\*/g, '[^/]*')               // single star
+    .replace(/\x00GLOBSTAR\x00/g, '.*')    // restore globstar
+    .replace(/\?/g, '.');
+  return new RegExp('^' + regexStr + '$');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse raw CODEOWNERS file content into an array of
+ * { pattern, regex, owners } objects.
+ *
+ * Each `owners` entry is the raw string from the file (e.g. "@user" or
+ * "@esphome/core").
+ */
+function parseCodeowners(content) {
+  const lines = content
+    .split('\n')
+    .map(line => line.trim())
+    .filter(line => line && !line.startsWith('#'));
+
+  const patterns = [];
+  for (const line of lines) {
+    const parts = line.split(/\s+/);
+    if (parts.length < 2) continue;
+
+    const pattern = parts[0];
+    const owners = parts.slice(1);
+    const regex = globToRegex(pattern);
+    patterns.push({ pattern, regex, owners });
+  }
+  return patterns;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Fetch and parse the CODEOWNERS file via the GitHub API.
+ *
+ * @param {object} github  - octokit instance from actions/github-script
+ * @param {string} owner   - repo owner
+ * @param {string} repo    - repo name
+ * @param {string} [ref]   - git ref (SHA / branch) to read from
+ * @returns {Array<{pattern: string, regex: RegExp, owners: string[]}>}
+ */
+async function fetchCodeowners(github, owner, repo, ref) {
+  const params = { owner, repo, path: 'CODEOWNERS' };
+  if (ref) params.ref = ref;
+
+  const { data: file } = await github.rest.repos.getContent(params);
+  const content = Buffer.from(file.content, 'base64').toString('utf8');
+  return parseCodeowners(content);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Classify raw owner strings into individual users and teams.
+ *
+ * @param {string[]} rawOwners - e.g. ["@user1", "@esphome/core"]
+ * @returns {{ users: string[], teams: string[] }}
+ *   users  – login names without "@"
+ *   teams  – team slugs without the "org/" prefix
+ */
+function classifyOwners(rawOwners) {
+  const users = [];
+  const teams = [];
+  for (const o of rawOwners) {
+    const clean = o.startsWith('@') ? o.slice(1) : o;
+    if (clean.includes('/')) {
+      teams.push(clean.split('/')[1]);
+    } else {
+      users.push(clean);
+    }
+  }
+  return { users, teams };
+}
+
+/**
+ * For each file, find its effective codeowners using GitHub's
+ * "last match wins" semantics, then union across all files.
+ *
+ * @param {string[]} files              - list of file paths
+ * @param {Array}    codeownersPatterns  - from parseCodeowners / fetchCodeowners
+ * @returns {{ users: Set<string>, teams: Set<string>, matchedFileCount: number }}
+ */
+function getEffectiveOwners(files, codeownersPatterns) {
+  const users = new Set();
+  const teams = new Set();
+  let matchedFileCount = 0;
+
+  for (const file of files) {
+    // Last matching pattern wins for each file
+    let effectiveOwners = null;
+    for (const { regex, owners } of codeownersPatterns) {
+      if (regex.test(file)) {
+        effectiveOwners = owners;
+      }
+    }
+    if (effectiveOwners) {
+      matchedFileCount++;
+      const classified = classifyOwners(effectiveOwners);
+      for (const u of classified.users) users.add(u);
+      for (const t of classified.teams) teams.add(t);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return { users, teams, matchedFileCount };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Read and parse the CODEOWNERS file from disk.
+ *
+ * Use this when the repo is already checked out (avoids an API call).
+ *
+ * @param {string} [repoRoot='.'] - path to the repo root
+ * @returns {Array<{pattern: string, regex: RegExp, owners: string[]}>}
+ */
+function loadCodeowners(repoRoot = '.') {
+  const fs = require('fs');
+  const path = require('path');
+  const content = fs.readFileSync(path.join(repoRoot, 'CODEOWNERS'), 'utf8');
+  return parseCodeowners(content);
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  globToRegex,
+  parseCodeowners,
+  fetchCodeowners,
+  loadCodeowners,
+  classifyOwners,
+  getEffectiveOwners
+};
diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeowner-approved-label.yml b/.github/workflows/codeowner-approved-label.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..217ae06419
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeowner-approved-label.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+# This workflow adds/removes a 'code-owner-approved' label when a
+# component-specific codeowner approves (or dismisses) a PR.
+# This helps maintainers prioritize PRs that have codeowner sign-off.
+#
+# Only component-specific codeowners count — the catch-all @esphome/core
+# team is excluded so the label reflects domain-expert approval.
+
+name: Codeowner Approved Label
+
+on:
+  pull_request_review:
+    types: [submitted, dismissed]
+
+permissions:
+  pull-requests: write
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  codeowner-approved:
+    name: Run
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'esphome/esphome' }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout base branch
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }}
+
+      - name: Check codeowner approval and update label
+        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { loadCodeowners, getEffectiveOwners } = require('./.github/scripts/codeowners.js');
+
+            const owner = context.repo.owner;
+            const repo = context.repo.repo;
+            const pr_number = context.payload.pull_request.number;
+            const LABEL_NAME = 'code-owner-approved';
+
+            console.log(`Processing PR #${pr_number} for codeowner approval label`);
+
+            try {
+              // Get the list of changed files in this PR (with pagination)
+              const prFiles = await github.paginate(
+                github.rest.pulls.listFiles,
+                {
+                  owner,
+                  repo,
+                  pull_number: pr_number
+                }
+              );
+
+              const changedFiles = prFiles.map(file => file.filename);
+              console.log(`Found ${changedFiles.length} changed files`);
+
+              if (changedFiles.length === 0) {
+                console.log('No changed files found, skipping');
+                return;
+              }
+
+              // Parse CODEOWNERS from the checked-out base branch
+              const codeownersPatterns = loadCodeowners();
+
+              // Get effective owners using last-match-wins semantics
+              const effective = getEffectiveOwners(changedFiles, codeownersPatterns);
+
+              // Only keep individual component-specific codeowners (exclude teams)
+              const componentCodeowners = effective.users;
+
+              console.log(`Component-specific codeowners for changed files: ${Array.from(componentCodeowners).join(', ') || '(none)'}`);
+
+              if (componentCodeowners.size === 0) {
+                console.log('No component-specific codeowners found for changed files');
+                // Remove label if present since there are no component codeowners
+                try {
+                  await github.rest.issues.removeLabel({
+                    owner,
+                    repo,
+                    issue_number: pr_number,
+                    name: LABEL_NAME
+                  });
+                  console.log(`Removed '${LABEL_NAME}' label (no component codeowners)`);
+                } catch (error) {
+                  if (error.status !== 404) {
+                    console.log(`Failed to remove label: ${error.message}`);
+                  }
+                }
+                return;
+              }
+
+              // Get all reviews on the PR
+              const reviews = await github.paginate(
+                github.rest.pulls.listReviews,
+                {
+                  owner,
+                  repo,
+                  pull_number: pr_number
+                }
+              );
+
+              // Get the latest review per user (reviews are returned chronologically)
+              const latestReviewByUser = new Map();
+              for (const review of reviews) {
+                // Skip bot reviews and comment-only reviews
+                if (!review.user || review.user.type === 'Bot' || review.state === 'COMMENTED') continue;
+                latestReviewByUser.set(review.user.login, review);
+              }
+
+              // Check if any component-specific codeowner has an active approval
+              let hasCodeownerApproval = false;
+              for (const [login, review] of latestReviewByUser) {
+                if (review.state === 'APPROVED' && componentCodeowners.has(login)) {
+                  console.log(`Codeowner '${login}' has approved`);
+                  hasCodeownerApproval = true;
+                  break;
+                }
+              }
+
+              // Get current labels to check if label is already present
+              const { data: currentLabels } = await github.rest.issues.listLabelsOnIssue({
+                owner,
+                repo,
+                issue_number: pr_number
+              });
+              const hasLabel = currentLabels.some(label => label.name === LABEL_NAME);
+
+              if (hasCodeownerApproval && !hasLabel) {
+                // Add the label
+                await github.rest.issues.addLabels({
+                  owner,
+                  repo,
+                  issue_number: pr_number,
+                  labels: [LABEL_NAME]
+                });
+                console.log(`Added '${LABEL_NAME}' label`);
+              } else if (!hasCodeownerApproval && hasLabel) {
+                // Remove the label
+                try {
+                  await github.rest.issues.removeLabel({
+                    owner,
+                    repo,
+                    issue_number: pr_number,
+                    name: LABEL_NAME
+                  });
+                  console.log(`Removed '${LABEL_NAME}' label`);
+                } catch (error) {
+                  if (error.status !== 404) {
+                    console.log(`Failed to remove label: ${error.message}`);
+                  }
+                }
+              } else {
+                console.log(`Label already ${hasLabel ? 'present' : 'absent'}, no change needed`);
+              }
+
+            } catch (error) {
+              console.error(error);
+              core.setFailed(`Failed to process codeowner approval label: ${error.message}`);
+            }
diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeowner-review-request.yml b/.github/workflows/codeowner-review-request.yml
index 6f4351b298..02bf0e4a29 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/codeowner-review-request.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeowner-review-request.yml
@@ -24,10 +24,17 @@ jobs:
     if: ${{ github.repository == 'esphome/esphome' && !github.event.pull_request.draft }}
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
+      - name: Checkout base branch
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }}
+
       - name: Request reviews from component codeowners
         uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
         with:
           script: |
+            const { loadCodeowners, getEffectiveOwners } = require('./.github/scripts/codeowners.js');
+
             const owner = context.repo.owner;
             const repo = context.repo.repo;
             const pr_number = context.payload.pull_request.number;
@@ -38,12 +45,15 @@ jobs:
             const BOT_COMMENT_MARKER = '<!-- codeowner-review-request-bot -->';
 
             try {
-              // Get the list of changed files in this PR
-              const { data: files } = await github.rest.pulls.listFiles({
-                owner,
-                repo,
-                pull_number: pr_number
-              });
+              // Get the list of changed files in this PR (with pagination)
+              const files = await github.paginate(
+                github.rest.pulls.listFiles,
+                {
+                  owner,
+                  repo,
+                  pull_number: pr_number
+                }
+              );
 
               const changedFiles = files.map(file => file.filename);
               console.log(`Found ${changedFiles.length} changed files`);
@@ -53,32 +63,10 @@ jobs:
                 return;
               }
 
-              // Fetch CODEOWNERS file from root
-              const { data: codeownersFile } = await github.rest.repos.getContent({
-                owner,
-                repo,
-                path: 'CODEOWNERS',
-                ref: context.payload.pull_request.base.sha
-              });
-              const codeownersContent = Buffer.from(codeownersFile.content, 'base64').toString('utf8');
+              // Parse CODEOWNERS from the checked-out base branch
+              const codeownersPatterns = loadCodeowners();
 
-              // Parse CODEOWNERS file to extract all patterns and their owners
-              const codeownersLines = codeownersContent.split('\n')
-                .map(line => line.trim())
-                .filter(line => line && !line.startsWith('#'));
-
-              const codeownersPatterns = [];
-
-              // Convert CODEOWNERS pattern to regex (robust glob handling)
-              function globToRegex(pattern) {
-                // Escape regex special characters except for glob wildcards
-                let regexStr = pattern
-                  .replace(/([.+^=!:${}()|[\]\\])/g, '\\$1') // escape regex chars
-                  .replace(/\*\*/g, '.*') // globstar
-                  .replace(/\*/g, '[^/]*') // single star
-                  .replace(/\?/g, '.'); // question mark
-                return new RegExp('^' + regexStr + '$');
-              }
+              console.log(`Parsed ${codeownersPatterns.length} codeowner patterns`);
 
               // Helper function to create comment body
               function createCommentBody(reviewersList, teamsList, matchedFileCount, isSuccessful = true) {
@@ -93,50 +81,11 @@ jobs:
                 }
               }
 
-              for (const line of codeownersLines) {
-                const parts = line.split(/\s+/);
-                if (parts.length < 2) continue;
-
-                const pattern = parts[0];
-                const owners = parts.slice(1);
-
-                // Use robust glob-to-regex conversion
-                const regex = globToRegex(pattern);
-                codeownersPatterns.push({ pattern, regex, owners });
-              }
-
-              console.log(`Parsed ${codeownersPatterns.length} codeowner patterns`);
-
-              // Match changed files against CODEOWNERS patterns
-              const matchedOwners = new Set();
-              const matchedTeams = new Set();
-              const fileMatches = new Map(); // Track which files matched which patterns
-
-              for (const file of changedFiles) {
-                for (const { pattern, regex, owners } of codeownersPatterns) {
-                  if (regex.test(file)) {
-                    console.log(`File '${file}' matches pattern '${pattern}' with owners: ${owners.join(', ')}`);
-
-                    if (!fileMatches.has(file)) {
-                      fileMatches.set(file, []);
-                    }
-                    fileMatches.get(file).push({ pattern, owners });
-
-                    // Add owners to the appropriate set (remove @ prefix)
-                    for (const owner of owners) {
-                      const cleanOwner = owner.startsWith('@') ? owner.slice(1) : owner;
-                      if (cleanOwner.includes('/')) {
-                        // Team mention (org/team-name)
-                        const teamName = cleanOwner.split('/')[1];
-                        matchedTeams.add(teamName);
-                      } else {
-                        // Individual user
-                        matchedOwners.add(cleanOwner);
-                      }
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
-              }
+              // Match changed files against CODEOWNERS patterns using last-match-wins semantics
+              const effective = getEffectiveOwners(changedFiles, codeownersPatterns);
+              const matchedOwners = effective.users;
+              const matchedTeams = effective.teams;
+              const matchedFileCount = effective.matchedFileCount;
 
               if (matchedOwners.size === 0 && matchedTeams.size === 0) {
                 console.log('No codeowners found for any changed files');
@@ -170,11 +119,14 @@ jobs:
               }
 
               // Check for completed reviews to avoid re-requesting users who have already reviewed
-              const { data: reviews } = await github.rest.pulls.listReviews({
-                owner,
-                repo,
-                pull_number: pr_number
-              });
+              const reviews = await github.paginate(
+                github.rest.pulls.listReviews,
+                {
+                  owner,
+                  repo,
+                  pull_number: pr_number
+                }
+              );
 
               const reviewedUsers = new Set();
               reviews.forEach(review => {
@@ -247,7 +199,7 @@ jobs:
               }
 
               const totalReviewers = reviewersList.length + teamsList.length;
-              console.log(`Requesting reviews from ${reviewersList.length} users and ${teamsList.length} teams for ${fileMatches.size} matched files`);
+              console.log(`Requesting reviews from ${reviewersList.length} users and ${teamsList.length} teams for ${matchedFileCount} matched files`);
 
               // Request reviews
               try {
@@ -279,7 +231,7 @@ jobs:
 
                 // Only add a comment if there are new codeowners to mention (not previously pinged)
                 if (reviewersList.length > 0 || teamsList.length > 0) {
-                  const commentBody = createCommentBody(reviewersList, teamsList, fileMatches.size, true);
+                  const commentBody = createCommentBody(reviewersList, teamsList, matchedFileCount, true);
 
                   await github.rest.issues.createComment({
                     owner,
@@ -297,7 +249,7 @@ jobs:
 
                   // Only try to add a comment if there are new codeowners to mention
                   if (reviewersList.length > 0 || teamsList.length > 0) {
-                    const commentBody = createCommentBody(reviewersList, teamsList, fileMatches.size, false);
+                    const commentBody = createCommentBody(reviewersList, teamsList, matchedFileCount, false);
 
                     try {
                       await github.rest.issues.createComment({

From 380c0db0205db56960f3869b341fe20629c4a4f8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clyde Stubbs <2366188+clydebarrow@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2026 07:49:38 +1100
Subject: [PATCH 332/609] [usb_uart] Don't claim interrupt interface for ch34x
 (#14431)

---
 esphome/components/usb_uart/ch34x.cpp    |  9 +++++++++
 esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp | 14 +++++++++-----
 esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h   |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/ch34x.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_uart/ch34x.cpp
index 7fa964c0cb..e6e52a9e2a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/ch34x.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/ch34x.cpp
@@ -75,6 +75,15 @@ void USBUartTypeCH34X::enable_channels() {
   }
   this->start_channels();
 }
+
+std::vector<CdcEps> USBUartTypeCH34X::parse_descriptors(usb_device_handle_t dev_hdl) {
+  auto result = USBUartTypeCdcAcm::parse_descriptors(dev_hdl);
+  // ch34x doesn't use the interrupt endpoint, and we don't have endpoints to spare
+  for (auto &cdc_dev : result) {
+    cdc_dev.interrupt_interface_number = 0xFF;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
 }  // namespace esphome::usb_uart
 
 #endif  // USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
index de81bfc587..5c0397b2cb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ static optional<CdcEps> get_cdc(const usb_config_desc_t *config_desc, uint8_t in
   // look for an interface with an interrupt endpoint (notify), and one with two bulk endpoints (data in/out)
   CdcEps eps{};
   eps.bulk_interface_number = 0xFF;
+  eps.interrupt_interface_number = 0xFF;
   for (;;) {
     const auto *intf_desc = usb_parse_interface_descriptor(config_desc, intf_idx++, 0, &conf_offset);
     if (!intf_desc) {
@@ -130,7 +131,7 @@ size_t RingBuffer::pop(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
 }
 void USBUartChannel::write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   if (!this->initialised_.load()) {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Channel not initialised - write ignored");
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Channel not initialised - write ignored");
     return;
   }
 #ifdef USE_UART_DEBUGGER
@@ -415,14 +416,15 @@ void USBUartTypeCdcAcm::on_connected() {
     // Claim the communication (interrupt) interface so CDC class requests are accepted
     // by the device. Some CDC ACM implementations (e.g. EFR32 NCP) require this before
     // they enable data flow on the bulk endpoints.
-    if (channel->cdc_dev_.interrupt_interface_number != channel->cdc_dev_.bulk_interface_number) {
+    if (channel->cdc_dev_.interrupt_interface_number != 0xFF &&
+        channel->cdc_dev_.interrupt_interface_number != channel->cdc_dev_.bulk_interface_number) {
       auto err_comm = usb_host_interface_claim(this->handle_, this->device_handle_,
                                                channel->cdc_dev_.interrupt_interface_number, 0);
       if (err_comm != ESP_OK) {
         ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Could not claim comm interface %d: %s", channel->cdc_dev_.interrupt_interface_number,
                  esp_err_to_name(err_comm));
+        channel->cdc_dev_.interrupt_interface_number = 0xFF;  // Mark as unavailable, but continue anyway
       } else {
-        channel->cdc_dev_.comm_interface_claimed = true;
         ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Claimed comm interface %d", channel->cdc_dev_.interrupt_interface_number);
       }
     }
@@ -436,6 +438,7 @@ void USBUartTypeCdcAcm::on_connected() {
       return;
     }
   }
+  this->status_clear_error();
   this->enable_channels();
 }
 
@@ -453,9 +456,10 @@ void USBUartTypeCdcAcm::on_disconnected() {
       usb_host_endpoint_halt(this->device_handle_, channel->cdc_dev_.notify_ep->bEndpointAddress);
       usb_host_endpoint_flush(this->device_handle_, channel->cdc_dev_.notify_ep->bEndpointAddress);
     }
-    if (channel->cdc_dev_.comm_interface_claimed) {
+    if (channel->cdc_dev_.interrupt_interface_number != 0xFF &&
+        channel->cdc_dev_.interrupt_interface_number != channel->cdc_dev_.bulk_interface_number) {
       usb_host_interface_release(this->handle_, this->device_handle_, channel->cdc_dev_.interrupt_interface_number);
-      channel->cdc_dev_.comm_interface_claimed = false;
+      channel->cdc_dev_.interrupt_interface_number = 0xFF;
     }
     usb_host_interface_release(this->handle_, this->device_handle_, channel->cdc_dev_.bulk_interface_number);
     // Reset the input and output started flags to their initial state to avoid the possibility of spurious restarts
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h
index 9a9fe1c2ca..0d471e46f6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ struct CdcEps {
   const usb_ep_desc_t *out_ep;
   uint8_t bulk_interface_number;
   uint8_t interrupt_interface_number;
-  bool comm_interface_claimed{false};
 };
 
 enum UARTParityOptions {
@@ -192,6 +191,7 @@ class USBUartTypeCH34X : public USBUartTypeCdcAcm {
 
  protected:
   void enable_channels() override;
+  std::vector<CdcEps> parse_descriptors(usb_device_handle_t dev_hdl) override;
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::usb_uart

From 96793a99ce12fe46e349ca1a165869a9f29bb842 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Rupprecht <rupprecht.thomas@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 3 Mar 2026 21:55:56 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 333/609] [rtttl] add new codeowner (#14440)

---
 CODEOWNERS                           | 2 +-
 esphome/components/rtttl/__init__.py | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CODEOWNERS b/CODEOWNERS
index 21bee125c6..b22f85b71d 100644
--- a/CODEOWNERS
+++ b/CODEOWNERS
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ esphome/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/* @Papa-DMan
 esphome/components/rp2040_pwm/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/rpi_dpi_rgb/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/rtl87xx/* @kuba2k2
-esphome/components/rtttl/* @glmnet
+esphome/components/rtttl/* @glmnet @ximex
 esphome/components/runtime_image/* @clydebarrow @guillempages @kahrendt
 esphome/components/runtime_stats/* @bdraco
 esphome/components/rx8130/* @beormund
diff --git a/esphome/components/rtttl/__init__.py b/esphome/components/rtttl/__init__.py
index ebbe5366aa..19412bb454 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rtttl/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rtttl/__init__.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import esphome.final_validate as fv
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
-CODEOWNERS = ["@glmnet"]
+CODEOWNERS = ["@glmnet", "@ximex"]
 CONF_RTTTL = "rtttl"
 CONF_ON_FINISHED_PLAYBACK = "on_finished_playback"
 

From ee78d7a0c05b8f3d6878751c95cd5c9dae232690 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 3 Mar 2026 17:42:41 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 334/609] [tests] Fix integration test race condition in
 PlatformIO cache init (#14435)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 tests/integration/conftest.py | 10 +++-------
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/integration/conftest.py b/tests/integration/conftest.py
index 36df1bc83e..b7f7fc60b3 100644
--- a/tests/integration/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/integration/conftest.py
@@ -73,11 +73,6 @@ def shared_platformio_cache() -> Generator[Path]:
     test_cache_dir = Path.home() / ".esphome-integration-tests"
     cache_dir = test_cache_dir / "platformio"
 
-    # Create the temp directory that PlatformIO uses to avoid race conditions
-    # This ensures it exists and won't be deleted by parallel processes
-    platformio_tmp_dir = cache_dir / ".cache" / "tmp"
-    platformio_tmp_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-
     # Use a lock file in the home directory to ensure only one process initializes the cache
     # This is needed when running with pytest-xdist
     # The lock file must be in a directory that already exists to avoid race conditions
@@ -87,8 +82,9 @@ def shared_platformio_cache() -> Generator[Path]:
     with open(lock_file, "w") as lock_fd:
         fcntl.flock(lock_fd.fileno(), fcntl.LOCK_EX)
 
-        # Check if cache needs initialization while holding the lock
-        if not cache_dir.exists() or not any(cache_dir.iterdir()):
+        # Check if the native platform is installed (the actual indicator of a populated cache)
+        native_platform = cache_dir / "platforms" / "native"
+        if not native_platform.exists():
             # Create the test cache directory if it doesn't exist
             test_cache_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
 

From 989330d6bc5caa2b94950b55d3811c5ee2c51be3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jesse Hills <3060199+jesserockz@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2026 11:54:40 +1300
Subject: [PATCH 335/609] [globals] Fix handling of string booleans in yaml
 (#14447)

---
 esphome/components/globals/__init__.py |  2 +-
 tests/components/globals/common.yaml   | 11 +++++++++++
 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/globals/__init__.py b/esphome/components/globals/__init__.py
index fe11a93a4b..fe83b1ea7c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/globals/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/globals/__init__.py
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ _RESTORING_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 
 def _globals_schema(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """Select schema based on restore_value setting."""
-    if config.get(CONF_RESTORE_VALUE, False):
+    if cv.boolean(config.get(CONF_RESTORE_VALUE, False)):
         return _RESTORING_SCHEMA(config)
     return _NON_RESTORING_SCHEMA(config)
 
diff --git a/tests/components/globals/common.yaml b/tests/components/globals/common.yaml
index efa3cba076..35dca0624f 100644
--- a/tests/components/globals/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/globals/common.yaml
@@ -27,3 +27,14 @@ globals:
     type: bool
     restore_value: false
     initial_value: "false"
+  # Test restore_value with string "false" - should be converted to bool false
+  - id: glob_no_restore_string_false
+    type: int
+    restore_value: "false"
+    initial_value: "42"
+  # Test restore_value with string "true" - should be converted to bool true
+  - id: glob_restore_string_true
+    type: int
+    restore_value: "true"
+    initial_value: "99"
+    update_interval: 5s

From 43a6fe9b6cb446974db2f3cce1f1f9b67cbe1719 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kevin Ahrendt <kevin.ahrendt@openhomefoundation.org>
Date: Tue, 3 Mar 2026 19:06:36 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 336/609] [core] add a StaticTask helper to manage task
 lifecycles (#14446)

---
 esphome/core/config.py       |  4 +++
 esphome/core/static_task.cpp | 64 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 esphome/core/static_task.h   | 50 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 118 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 esphome/core/static_task.cpp
 create mode 100644 esphome/core/static_task.h

diff --git a/esphome/core/config.py b/esphome/core/config.py
index 9411949bb9..4f526404fe 100644
--- a/esphome/core/config.py
+++ b/esphome/core/config.py
@@ -687,6 +687,10 @@ FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(
             PlatformFramework.ESP32_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
         },
+        "static_task.cpp": {
+            PlatformFramework.ESP32_ARDUINO,
+            PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        },
         "time_64.cpp": {
             PlatformFramework.ESP8266_ARDUINO,
             PlatformFramework.BK72XX_ARDUINO,
diff --git a/esphome/core/static_task.cpp b/esphome/core/static_task.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4cfead44c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/core/static_task.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#include "esphome/core/static_task.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+
+bool StaticTask::create(TaskFunction_t fn, const char *name, uint32_t stack_size, void *param, UBaseType_t priority,
+                        bool use_psram) {
+  if (this->handle_ != nullptr) {
+    // Task is already created; must call destroy() first
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (this->stack_buffer_ != nullptr && (stack_size > this->stack_size_ || use_psram != this->use_psram_)) {
+    // Existing buffer is too small or wrong memory type; deallocate to reallocate below
+    RAMAllocator<StackType_t> allocator(this->use_psram_ ? RAMAllocator<StackType_t>::ALLOC_EXTERNAL
+                                                         : RAMAllocator<StackType_t>::ALLOC_INTERNAL);
+    allocator.deallocate(this->stack_buffer_, this->stack_size_);
+    this->stack_buffer_ = nullptr;
+  }
+
+  if (this->stack_buffer_ == nullptr) {
+    this->stack_size_ = stack_size;
+    this->use_psram_ = use_psram;
+    RAMAllocator<StackType_t> allocator(use_psram ? RAMAllocator<StackType_t>::ALLOC_EXTERNAL
+                                                  : RAMAllocator<StackType_t>::ALLOC_INTERNAL);
+    this->stack_buffer_ = allocator.allocate(stack_size);
+  }
+  if (this->stack_buffer_ == nullptr) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  this->handle_ = xTaskCreateStatic(fn, name, this->stack_size_, param, priority, this->stack_buffer_, &this->tcb_);
+  if (this->handle_ == nullptr) {
+    this->deallocate();
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void StaticTask::destroy() {
+  if (this->handle_ != nullptr) {
+    TaskHandle_t handle = this->handle_;
+    this->handle_ = nullptr;
+    vTaskDelete(handle);
+  }
+}
+
+void StaticTask::deallocate() {
+  this->destroy();
+  if (this->stack_buffer_ != nullptr) {
+    RAMAllocator<StackType_t> allocator(this->use_psram_ ? RAMAllocator<StackType_t>::ALLOC_EXTERNAL
+                                                         : RAMAllocator<StackType_t>::ALLOC_INTERNAL);
+    allocator.deallocate(this->stack_buffer_, this->stack_size_);
+    this->stack_buffer_ = nullptr;
+    this->stack_size_ = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome
+
+#endif  // USE_ESP32
diff --git a/esphome/core/static_task.h b/esphome/core/static_task.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5fd5b38f9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/core/static_task.h
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+
+#include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
+#include <freertos/task.h>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace esphome {
+
+/** Helper for FreeRTOS static task management.
+ * Bundles TaskHandle_t, StaticTask_t, and the stack buffer into one object with create/destroy methods.
+ */
+class StaticTask {
+ public:
+  /// @brief Check if the task has been created and not yet destroyed.
+  bool is_created() const { return this->handle_ != nullptr; }
+
+  /// @brief Get the FreeRTOS task handle.
+  TaskHandle_t get_handle() const { return this->handle_; }
+
+  /// @brief Allocate stack and create task.
+  /// @param fn         Task function
+  /// @param name       Task name (for debug)
+  /// @param stack_size Stack size in StackType_t words
+  /// @param param      Parameter passed to task function
+  /// @param priority   FreeRTOS task priority
+  /// @param use_psram  If true, allocate stack in PSRAM; otherwise internal RAM
+  /// @return true on success
+  bool create(TaskFunction_t fn, const char *name, uint32_t stack_size, void *param, UBaseType_t priority,
+              bool use_psram);
+
+  /// @brief Delete the task but keep the stack buffer allocated for reuse by a subsequent create() call.
+  void destroy();
+
+  /// @brief Delete the task (if running) and free the stack buffer.
+  void deallocate();
+
+ protected:
+  TaskHandle_t handle_{nullptr};
+  StaticTask_t tcb_;
+  StackType_t *stack_buffer_{nullptr};
+  uint32_t stack_size_{0};
+  bool use_psram_{false};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome
+
+#endif  // USE_ESP32

From 9371159a7e56e49f3b2ab71c6ad93034d1c29e01 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Tue, 3 Mar 2026 15:14:05 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 337/609] [core] Replace custom esphome::optional with
 std::optional (#14368)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/am43/cover/am43_cover.cpp  |   5 +-
 esphome/components/anova/anova.cpp            |  10 +-
 esphome/components/ballu/ballu.cpp            |   2 +-
 .../bang_bang/bang_bang_climate.cpp           |  20 +-
 .../bedjet/climate/bedjet_climate.cpp         |  20 +-
 esphome/components/bedjet/fan/bedjet_fan.cpp  |   8 +-
 esphome/components/binary/fan/binary_fan.cpp  |  15 +-
 .../ble_presence/ble_presence_device.h        |   5 +-
 esphome/components/ble_rssi/ble_rssi_sensor.h |   5 +-
 esphome/components/climate_ir/climate_ir.cpp  |  25 +-
 .../climate_ir_lg/climate_ir_lg.cpp           |   2 +-
 .../components/climate_ir_lg/climate_ir_lg.h  |   3 +-
 esphome/components/coolix/coolix.cpp          |   2 +-
 esphome/components/coolix/coolix.h            |   3 +-
 esphome/components/copy/cover/copy_cover.cpp  |  15 +-
 esphome/components/copy/fan/copy_fan.cpp      |  20 +-
 .../components/copy/select/copy_select.cpp    |   5 +-
 .../current_based/current_based_cover.cpp     |   5 +-
 esphome/components/daikin/daikin.cpp          |   2 +-
 esphome/components/daikin_arc/daikin_arc.cpp  |   7 +-
 esphome/components/daikin_brc/daikin_brc.cpp  |   2 +-
 .../deep_sleep/deep_sleep_esp8266.cpp         |   2 +-
 esphome/components/delonghi/delonghi.cpp      |   2 +-
 .../demo/demo_alarm_control_panel.h           |   9 +-
 esphome/components/demo/demo_climate.h        |  48 ++--
 esphome/components/demo/demo_cover.h          |  10 +-
 esphome/components/demo/demo_fan.h            |  20 +-
 esphome/components/demo/demo_lock.h           |   5 +-
 esphome/components/demo/demo_valve.h          |  11 +-
 esphome/components/emmeti/emmeti.cpp          |   2 +-
 esphome/components/endstop/endstop_cover.cpp  |   5 +-
 .../esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h     |   2 +-
 .../esp32_rmt_led_strip/led_strip.cpp         |   5 +-
 .../components/fastled_base/fastled_light.cpp |   5 +-
 .../components/feedback/feedback_cover.cpp    |   7 +-
 .../fujitsu_general/fujitsu_general.cpp       |   2 +-
 esphome/components/gree/gree.cpp              |   6 +-
 esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.cpp      |  15 +-
 .../components/haier/smartair2_climate.cpp    |   6 +-
 .../components/hbridge/fan/hbridge_fan.cpp    |  20 +-
 esphome/components/he60r/he60r.cpp            |   7 +-
 .../hitachi_ac344/hitachi_ac344.cpp           |   2 +-
 .../hitachi_ac424/hitachi_ac424.cpp           |   2 +-
 .../media_player/i2s_audio_media_player.cpp   |  25 +-
 esphome/components/infrared/infrared.cpp      |   5 +-
 esphome/components/ledc/ledc_output.cpp       |   3 +-
 esphome/components/mcp4461/mcp4461.cpp        |   5 +-
 esphome/components/midea/air_conditioner.cpp  |  25 +-
 esphome/components/midea_ir/midea_ir.cpp      |  23 +-
 esphome/components/mitsubishi/mitsubishi.cpp  |   7 +-
 .../select/modbus_select.cpp                  |   2 +-
 esphome/components/noblex/noblex.cpp          |   2 +-
 esphome/components/noblex/noblex.h            |   3 +-
 .../components/output/lock/output_lock.cpp    |   5 +-
 esphome/components/pid/pid_climate.cpp        |  10 +-
 esphome/components/pzem004t/pzem004t.cpp      |   5 +-
 esphome/components/select/select_call.cpp     |   2 +-
 esphome/components/sgp4x/sgp4x.h              |  18 +-
 .../media_player/speaker_media_player.cpp     |  31 +--
 esphome/components/speed/fan/speed_fan.cpp    |  20 +-
 esphome/components/sprinkler/sprinkler.cpp    |  21 +-
 esphome/components/tcl112/tcl112.cpp          |   2 +-
 .../template_alarm_control_panel.cpp          |  19 +-
 .../template/cover/template_cover.cpp         |  10 +-
 .../template/datetime/template_date.cpp       |  27 ++-
 .../template/datetime/template_datetime.cpp   |  54 +++--
 .../template/datetime/template_time.cpp       |  27 ++-
 .../components/template/fan/template_fan.cpp  |  20 +-
 .../template/lock/template_lock.cpp           |   5 +-
 .../template/valve/template_valve.cpp         |   5 +-
 .../water_heater/template_water_heater.cpp    |  15 +-
 .../thermostat/thermostat_climate.cpp         |  50 ++--
 .../time_based/time_based_cover.cpp           |   5 +-
 .../components/tormatic/tormatic_cover.cpp    |   5 +-
 esphome/components/toshiba/toshiba.cpp        |   8 +-
 .../components/tuya/climate/tuya_climate.cpp  | 184 +++++++++------
 esphome/components/tuya/cover/tuya_cover.cpp  |  16 +-
 esphome/components/tuya/fan/tuya_fan.cpp      |  88 ++++---
 esphome/components/tuya/light/tuya_light.cpp  |   5 +-
 .../climate/uponor_smatrix_climate.cpp        |   5 +-
 esphome/components/whirlpool/whirlpool.cpp    |   2 +-
 esphome/components/whynter/whynter.cpp        |   2 +-
 esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp    |  10 +-
 .../wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp           |   5 +-
 .../wifi/wifi_component_esp_idf.cpp           |   5 +-
 esphome/components/yashima/yashima.cpp        |  10 +-
 esphome/components/zhlt01/zhlt01.cpp          |   6 +-
 esphome/core/entity_base.h                    |   2 +-
 esphome/core/optional.h                       | 218 +-----------------
 esphome/cpp_types.py                          |   4 +-
 tests/component_tests/text/test_text.py       |  17 +-
 tests/components/template/common-base.yaml    |   7 +-
 92 files changed, 723 insertions(+), 701 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/am43/cover/am43_cover.cpp b/esphome/components/am43/cover/am43_cover.cpp
index 0d49439095..2fa26d266a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/am43/cover/am43_cover.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/am43/cover/am43_cover.cpp
@@ -63,8 +63,9 @@ void Am43Component::control(const CoverCall &call) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Error writing stop command to device, error = %d", this->get_name().c_str(), status);
     }
   }
-  if (call.get_position().has_value()) {
-    auto pos = *call.get_position();
+  auto opt_pos = call.get_position();
+  if (opt_pos.has_value()) {
+    auto pos = *opt_pos;
 
     if (this->invert_position_)
       pos = 1 - pos;
diff --git a/esphome/components/anova/anova.cpp b/esphome/components/anova/anova.cpp
index 2693224a97..b625f92115 100644
--- a/esphome/components/anova/anova.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/anova/anova.cpp
@@ -24,8 +24,9 @@ void Anova::loop() {
 }
 
 void Anova::control(const ClimateCall &call) {
-  if (call.get_mode().has_value()) {
-    ClimateMode mode = *call.get_mode();
+  auto mode_val = call.get_mode();
+  if (mode_val.has_value()) {
+    ClimateMode mode = *mode_val;
     AnovaPacket *pkt;
     switch (mode) {
       case climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF:
@@ -45,8 +46,9 @@ void Anova::control(const ClimateCall &call) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str(), status);
     }
   }
-  if (call.get_target_temperature().has_value()) {
-    auto *pkt = this->codec_->get_set_target_temp_request(*call.get_target_temperature());
+  auto target_temp = call.get_target_temperature();
+  if (target_temp.has_value()) {
+    auto *pkt = this->codec_->get_set_target_temp_request(*target_temp);
     auto status =
         esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->parent_->get_gattc_if(), this->parent_->get_conn_id(), this->char_handle_,
                                  pkt->length, pkt->data, ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
diff --git a/esphome/components/ballu/ballu.cpp b/esphome/components/ballu/ballu.cpp
index b33ad11c1f..deb742f8c6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ballu/ballu.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ballu/ballu.cpp
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ void BalluClimate::transmit_state() {
   remote_state[11] = 0x1e;
 
   // Fan speed
-  switch (this->fan_mode.value()) {
+  switch (this->fan_mode.value_or(climate::CLIMATE_FAN_ON)) {
     case climate::CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH:
       remote_state[4] |= BALLU_FAN_HIGH;
       break;
diff --git a/esphome/components/bang_bang/bang_bang_climate.cpp b/esphome/components/bang_bang/bang_bang_climate.cpp
index 6871e9df5d..1058bce6a4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bang_bang/bang_bang_climate.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/bang_bang/bang_bang_climate.cpp
@@ -45,17 +45,21 @@ void BangBangClimate::setup() {
 }
 
 void BangBangClimate::control(const climate::ClimateCall &call) {
-  if (call.get_mode().has_value()) {
-    this->mode = *call.get_mode();
+  auto mode = call.get_mode();
+  if (mode.has_value()) {
+    this->mode = *mode;
   }
-  if (call.get_target_temperature_low().has_value()) {
-    this->target_temperature_low = *call.get_target_temperature_low();
+  auto target_temperature_low = call.get_target_temperature_low();
+  if (target_temperature_low.has_value()) {
+    this->target_temperature_low = *target_temperature_low;
   }
-  if (call.get_target_temperature_high().has_value()) {
-    this->target_temperature_high = *call.get_target_temperature_high();
+  auto target_temperature_high = call.get_target_temperature_high();
+  if (target_temperature_high.has_value()) {
+    this->target_temperature_high = *target_temperature_high;
   }
-  if (call.get_preset().has_value()) {
-    this->change_away_(*call.get_preset() == climate::CLIMATE_PRESET_AWAY);
+  auto preset = call.get_preset();
+  if (preset.has_value()) {
+    this->change_away_(*preset == climate::CLIMATE_PRESET_AWAY);
   }
 
   this->compute_state_();
diff --git a/esphome/components/bedjet/climate/bedjet_climate.cpp b/esphome/components/bedjet/climate/bedjet_climate.cpp
index 68a0342873..a17407f08f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bedjet/climate/bedjet_climate.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/bedjet/climate/bedjet_climate.cpp
@@ -96,8 +96,9 @@ void BedJetClimate::control(const ClimateCall &call) {
     return;
   }
 
-  if (call.get_mode().has_value()) {
-    ClimateMode mode = *call.get_mode();
+  auto mode_opt = call.get_mode();
+  if (mode_opt.has_value()) {
+    ClimateMode mode = *mode_opt;
     bool button_result;
     switch (mode) {
       case CLIMATE_MODE_OFF:
@@ -125,8 +126,9 @@ void BedJetClimate::control(const ClimateCall &call) {
     }
   }
 
-  if (call.get_target_temperature().has_value()) {
-    auto target_temp = *call.get_target_temperature();
+  auto target_temp_opt = call.get_target_temperature();
+  if (target_temp_opt.has_value()) {
+    auto target_temp = *target_temp_opt;
     auto result = this->parent_->set_target_temp(target_temp);
 
     if (result) {
@@ -134,8 +136,9 @@ void BedJetClimate::control(const ClimateCall &call) {
     }
   }
 
-  if (call.get_preset().has_value()) {
-    ClimatePreset preset = *call.get_preset();
+  auto preset_opt = call.get_preset();
+  if (preset_opt.has_value()) {
+    ClimatePreset preset = *preset_opt;
     bool result;
 
     if (preset == CLIMATE_PRESET_BOOST) {
@@ -187,10 +190,11 @@ void BedJetClimate::control(const ClimateCall &call) {
     }
   }
 
-  if (call.get_fan_mode().has_value()) {
+  auto fan_mode_opt = call.get_fan_mode();
+  if (fan_mode_opt.has_value()) {
     // Climate fan mode only supports low/med/high, but the BedJet supports 5-100% increments.
     // We can still support a ClimateCall that requests low/med/high, and just translate it to a step increment here.
-    auto fan_mode = *call.get_fan_mode();
+    auto fan_mode = *fan_mode_opt;
     bool result;
     if (fan_mode == CLIMATE_FAN_LOW) {
       result = this->parent_->set_fan_speed(20);
diff --git a/esphome/components/bedjet/fan/bedjet_fan.cpp b/esphome/components/bedjet/fan/bedjet_fan.cpp
index e272241040..9539e169a4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bedjet/fan/bedjet_fan.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/bedjet/fan/bedjet_fan.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,8 @@ void BedJetFan::control(const fan::FanCall &call) {
   }
   bool did_change = false;
 
-  if (call.get_state().has_value() && this->state != *call.get_state()) {
+  auto state_opt = call.get_state();
+  if (state_opt.has_value() && this->state != *state_opt) {
     // Turning off is easy:
     if (this->state && this->parent_->button_off()) {
       this->state = false;
@@ -36,8 +37,9 @@ void BedJetFan::control(const fan::FanCall &call) {
   }
 
   // ignore speed changes if not on or turning on
-  if (this->state && call.get_speed().has_value()) {
-    auto speed = *call.get_speed();
+  auto speed_opt = call.get_speed();
+  if (this->state && speed_opt.has_value()) {
+    auto speed = *speed_opt;
     if (speed >= 1) {
       this->speed = speed;
       // Fan.speed is 1-20, but Bedjet expects 0-19, so subtract 1
diff --git a/esphome/components/binary/fan/binary_fan.cpp b/esphome/components/binary/fan/binary_fan.cpp
index a2f75242de..17d4df095a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/binary/fan/binary_fan.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/binary/fan/binary_fan.cpp
@@ -18,12 +18,15 @@ fan::FanTraits BinaryFan::get_traits() {
   return fan::FanTraits(this->oscillating_ != nullptr, false, this->direction_ != nullptr, 0);
 }
 void BinaryFan::control(const fan::FanCall &call) {
-  if (call.get_state().has_value())
-    this->state = *call.get_state();
-  if (call.get_oscillating().has_value())
-    this->oscillating = *call.get_oscillating();
-  if (call.get_direction().has_value())
-    this->direction = *call.get_direction();
+  auto state = call.get_state();
+  if (state.has_value())
+    this->state = *state;
+  auto oscillating = call.get_oscillating();
+  if (oscillating.has_value())
+    this->oscillating = *oscillating;
+  auto direction = call.get_direction();
+  if (direction.has_value())
+    this->direction = *direction;
 
   this->write_state_();
   this->publish_state();
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_presence/ble_presence_device.h b/esphome/components/ble_presence/ble_presence_device.h
index f2f0a3ed19..8ae5edab3a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_presence/ble_presence_device.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_presence/ble_presence_device.h
@@ -76,11 +76,12 @@ class BLEPresenceDevice : public binary_sensor::BinarySensorInitiallyOff,
         }
         break;
       case MATCH_BY_IBEACON_UUID:
-        if (!device.get_ibeacon().has_value()) {
+        auto maybe_ibeacon = device.get_ibeacon();
+        if (!maybe_ibeacon.has_value()) {
           return false;
         }
 
-        auto ibeacon = device.get_ibeacon().value();
+        auto ibeacon = *maybe_ibeacon;
 
         if (this->ibeacon_uuid_ != ibeacon.get_uuid()) {
           return false;
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_rssi/ble_rssi_sensor.h b/esphome/components/ble_rssi/ble_rssi_sensor.h
index 80245a1fe1..81f21c94dd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_rssi/ble_rssi_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_rssi/ble_rssi_sensor.h
@@ -74,11 +74,12 @@ class BLERSSISensor : public sensor::Sensor, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevi
         }
         break;
       case MATCH_BY_IBEACON_UUID:
-        if (!device.get_ibeacon().has_value()) {
+        auto maybe_ibeacon = device.get_ibeacon();
+        if (!maybe_ibeacon.has_value()) {
           return false;
         }
 
-        auto ibeacon = device.get_ibeacon().value();
+        auto ibeacon = *maybe_ibeacon;
 
         if (this->ibeacon_uuid_ != ibeacon.get_uuid()) {
           return false;
diff --git a/esphome/components/climate_ir/climate_ir.cpp b/esphome/components/climate_ir/climate_ir.cpp
index 50c8d459b0..cc291ff17c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/climate_ir/climate_ir.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/climate_ir/climate_ir.cpp
@@ -71,16 +71,21 @@ void ClimateIR::setup() {
 }
 
 void ClimateIR::control(const climate::ClimateCall &call) {
-  if (call.get_mode().has_value())
-    this->mode = *call.get_mode();
-  if (call.get_target_temperature().has_value())
-    this->target_temperature = *call.get_target_temperature();
-  if (call.get_fan_mode().has_value())
-    this->fan_mode = *call.get_fan_mode();
-  if (call.get_swing_mode().has_value())
-    this->swing_mode = *call.get_swing_mode();
-  if (call.get_preset().has_value())
-    this->preset = *call.get_preset();
+  auto mode = call.get_mode();
+  if (mode.has_value())
+    this->mode = *mode;
+  auto target_temperature = call.get_target_temperature();
+  if (target_temperature.has_value())
+    this->target_temperature = *target_temperature;
+  auto fan_mode = call.get_fan_mode();
+  if (fan_mode.has_value())
+    this->fan_mode = fan_mode;
+  auto swing_mode = call.get_swing_mode();
+  if (swing_mode.has_value())
+    this->swing_mode = *swing_mode;
+  auto preset = call.get_preset();
+  if (preset.has_value())
+    this->preset = preset;
   this->transmit_state();
   this->publish_state();
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/climate_ir_lg/climate_ir_lg.cpp b/esphome/components/climate_ir_lg/climate_ir_lg.cpp
index 7fe0646230..90e3d006a8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/climate_ir_lg/climate_ir_lg.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/climate_ir_lg/climate_ir_lg.cpp
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ void LgIrClimate::transmit_state() {
   if (this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF) {
     remote_state |= FAN_AUTO;
   } else {
-    switch (this->fan_mode.value()) {
+    switch (this->fan_mode.value_or(climate::CLIMATE_FAN_ON)) {
       case climate::CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH:
         remote_state |= FAN_MAX;
         break;
diff --git a/esphome/components/climate_ir_lg/climate_ir_lg.h b/esphome/components/climate_ir_lg/climate_ir_lg.h
index 00fc99ae73..958245279f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/climate_ir_lg/climate_ir_lg.h
+++ b/esphome/components/climate_ir_lg/climate_ir_lg.h
@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ class LgIrClimate : public climate_ir::ClimateIR {
   void control(const climate::ClimateCall &call) override {
     this->send_swing_cmd_ = call.get_swing_mode().has_value();
     // swing resets after unit powered off
-    if (call.get_mode().has_value() && *call.get_mode() == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF)
+    auto mode = call.get_mode();
+    if (mode.has_value() && *mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF)
       this->swing_mode = climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF;
     climate_ir::ClimateIR::control(call);
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/coolix/coolix.cpp b/esphome/components/coolix/coolix.cpp
index 5c6bfd7740..d8ea676478 100644
--- a/esphome/components/coolix/coolix.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/coolix/coolix.cpp
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ void CoolixClimate::transmit_state() {
         this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_AUTO;
         remote_state |= COOLIX_FAN_MODE_AUTO_DRY;
       } else {
-        switch (this->fan_mode.value()) {
+        switch (this->fan_mode.value_or(climate::CLIMATE_FAN_ON)) {
           case climate::CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH:
             remote_state |= COOLIX_FAN_MAX;
             break;
diff --git a/esphome/components/coolix/coolix.h b/esphome/components/coolix/coolix.h
index f4b4ff8e0e..51ddcdf8f2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/coolix/coolix.h
+++ b/esphome/components/coolix/coolix.h
@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ class CoolixClimate : public climate_ir::ClimateIR {
   void control(const climate::ClimateCall &call) override {
     send_swing_cmd_ = call.get_swing_mode().has_value();
     // swing resets after unit powered off
-    if (call.get_mode().has_value() && *call.get_mode() == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF)
+    auto mode = call.get_mode();
+    if (mode.has_value() && *mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF)
       this->swing_mode = climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF;
     climate_ir::ClimateIR::control(call);
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/copy/cover/copy_cover.cpp b/esphome/components/copy/cover/copy_cover.cpp
index 28f8c9877c..c139869d8f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/copy/cover/copy_cover.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/copy/cover/copy_cover.cpp
@@ -38,12 +38,15 @@ cover::CoverTraits CopyCover::get_traits() {
 void CopyCover::control(const cover::CoverCall &call) {
   auto call2 = source_->make_call();
   call2.set_stop(call.get_stop());
-  if (call.get_tilt().has_value())
-    call2.set_tilt(*call.get_tilt());
-  if (call.get_position().has_value())
-    call2.set_position(*call.get_position());
-  if (call.get_tilt().has_value())
-    call2.set_tilt(*call.get_tilt());
+  auto tilt = call.get_tilt();
+  if (tilt.has_value())
+    call2.set_tilt(*tilt);
+  auto position = call.get_position();
+  if (position.has_value())
+    call2.set_position(*position);
+  auto tilt2 = call.get_tilt();
+  if (tilt2.has_value())
+    call2.set_tilt(*tilt2);
   call2.perform();
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/copy/fan/copy_fan.cpp b/esphome/components/copy/fan/copy_fan.cpp
index b4a43cf2f1..14c600d71f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/copy/fan/copy_fan.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/copy/fan/copy_fan.cpp
@@ -45,14 +45,18 @@ fan::FanTraits CopyFan::get_traits() {
 
 void CopyFan::control(const fan::FanCall &call) {
   auto call2 = source_->make_call();
-  if (call.get_state().has_value())
-    call2.set_state(*call.get_state());
-  if (call.get_oscillating().has_value())
-    call2.set_oscillating(*call.get_oscillating());
-  if (call.get_speed().has_value())
-    call2.set_speed(*call.get_speed());
-  if (call.get_direction().has_value())
-    call2.set_direction(*call.get_direction());
+  auto state = call.get_state();
+  if (state.has_value())
+    call2.set_state(*state);
+  auto oscillating = call.get_oscillating();
+  if (oscillating.has_value())
+    call2.set_oscillating(*oscillating);
+  auto speed = call.get_speed();
+  if (speed.has_value())
+    call2.set_speed(*speed);
+  auto direction = call.get_direction();
+  if (direction.has_value())
+    call2.set_direction(*direction);
   if (call.has_preset_mode())
     call2.set_preset_mode(call.get_preset_mode());
   call2.perform();
diff --git a/esphome/components/copy/select/copy_select.cpp b/esphome/components/copy/select/copy_select.cpp
index e85e08e353..227fe33182 100644
--- a/esphome/components/copy/select/copy_select.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/copy/select/copy_select.cpp
@@ -11,8 +11,9 @@ void CopySelect::setup() {
 
   traits.set_options(source_->traits.get_options());
 
-  if (source_->has_state())
-    this->publish_state(source_->active_index().value());
+  auto idx = this->source_->active_index();
+  if (idx.has_value())
+    this->publish_state(*idx);
 }
 
 void CopySelect::dump_config() { LOG_SELECT("", "Copy Select", this); }
diff --git a/esphome/components/current_based/current_based_cover.cpp b/esphome/components/current_based/current_based_cover.cpp
index 58ae7cbc34..13bf11b991 100644
--- a/esphome/components/current_based/current_based_cover.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/current_based/current_based_cover.cpp
@@ -37,8 +37,9 @@ void CurrentBasedCover::control(const CoverCall &call) {
       }
     }
   }
-  if (call.get_position().has_value()) {
-    auto pos = *call.get_position();
+  auto opt_pos = call.get_position();
+  if (opt_pos.has_value()) {
+    auto pos = *opt_pos;
     if (fabsf(this->position - pos) < 0.01) {
       // already at target
     } else {
diff --git a/esphome/components/daikin/daikin.cpp b/esphome/components/daikin/daikin.cpp
index 359c63aeca..a285f3613d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/daikin/daikin.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/daikin/daikin.cpp
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ uint8_t DaikinClimate::operation_mode_() const {
 
 uint16_t DaikinClimate::fan_speed_() const {
   uint16_t fan_speed;
-  switch (this->fan_mode.value()) {
+  switch (this->fan_mode.value_or(climate::CLIMATE_FAN_ON)) {
     case climate::CLIMATE_FAN_QUIET:
       fan_speed = DAIKIN_FAN_SILENT << 8;
       break;
diff --git a/esphome/components/daikin_arc/daikin_arc.cpp b/esphome/components/daikin_arc/daikin_arc.cpp
index 4726310806..c45fa307a7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/daikin_arc/daikin_arc.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/daikin_arc/daikin_arc.cpp
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ uint8_t DaikinArcClimate::operation_mode_() {
 
 uint16_t DaikinArcClimate::fan_speed_() {
   uint16_t fan_speed;
-  switch (this->fan_mode.value()) {
+  switch (this->fan_mode.value_or(climate::CLIMATE_FAN_ON)) {
     case climate::CLIMATE_FAN_LOW:
       fan_speed = DAIKIN_FAN_1 << 8;
       break;
@@ -485,8 +485,9 @@ bool DaikinArcClimate::on_receive(remote_base::RemoteReceiveData data) {
 }
 
 void DaikinArcClimate::control(const climate::ClimateCall &call) {
-  if (call.get_target_humidity().has_value()) {
-    this->target_humidity = *call.get_target_humidity();
+  auto target_humidity = call.get_target_humidity();
+  if (target_humidity.has_value()) {
+    this->target_humidity = *target_humidity;
   }
   climate_ir::ClimateIR::control(call);
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/daikin_brc/daikin_brc.cpp b/esphome/components/daikin_brc/daikin_brc.cpp
index 6683d70f80..1179cb07d7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/daikin_brc/daikin_brc.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/daikin_brc/daikin_brc.cpp
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ uint8_t DaikinBrcClimate::operation_mode_() {
 
 uint8_t DaikinBrcClimate::fan_speed_swing_() {
   uint16_t fan_speed;
-  switch (this->fan_mode.value()) {
+  switch (this->fan_mode.value_or(climate::CLIMATE_FAN_ON)) {
     case climate::CLIMATE_FAN_LOW:
       fan_speed = DAIKIN_BRC_FAN_1;
       break;
diff --git a/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_esp8266.cpp b/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_esp8266.cpp
index 54d2aa993d..efbd45c34e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_esp8266.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_esp8266.cpp
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ void DeepSleepComponent::dump_config_platform_() {}
 bool DeepSleepComponent::prepare_to_sleep_() { return true; }
 
 void DeepSleepComponent::deep_sleep_() {
-  ESP.deepSleep(*this->sleep_duration_);  // NOLINT(readability-static-accessed-through-instance)
+  ESP.deepSleep(this->sleep_duration_.value_or(0));  // NOLINT(readability-static-accessed-through-instance)
 }
 
 }  // namespace deep_sleep
diff --git a/esphome/components/delonghi/delonghi.cpp b/esphome/components/delonghi/delonghi.cpp
index 9bc0b5753d..19af703ab2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/delonghi/delonghi.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/delonghi/delonghi.cpp
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ uint8_t DelonghiClimate::operation_mode_() {
 
 uint16_t DelonghiClimate::fan_speed_() {
   uint16_t fan_speed;
-  switch (this->fan_mode.value()) {
+  switch (this->fan_mode.value_or(climate::CLIMATE_FAN_ON)) {
     case climate::CLIMATE_FAN_LOW:
       fan_speed = DELONGHI_FAN_LOW;
       break;
diff --git a/esphome/components/demo/demo_alarm_control_panel.h b/esphome/components/demo/demo_alarm_control_panel.h
index f59434830b..76cb24c2f4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/demo/demo_alarm_control_panel.h
+++ b/esphome/components/demo/demo_alarm_control_panel.h
@@ -29,10 +29,11 @@ class DemoAlarmControlPanel : public AlarmControlPanel, public Component {
  protected:
   void control(const AlarmControlPanelCall &call) override {
     auto state = call.get_state().value_or(ACP_STATE_DISARMED);
+    auto code = call.get_code();
     switch (state) {
       case ACP_STATE_ARMED_AWAY:
-        if (this->get_requires_code_to_arm() && call.get_code().has_value()) {
-          if (call.get_code().value() != "1234") {
+        if (this->get_requires_code_to_arm() && code.has_value()) {
+          if (*code != "1234") {
             this->status_momentary_error("invalid_code", 5000);
             return;
           }
@@ -40,8 +41,8 @@ class DemoAlarmControlPanel : public AlarmControlPanel, public Component {
         this->publish_state(ACP_STATE_ARMED_AWAY);
         break;
       case ACP_STATE_DISARMED:
-        if (this->get_requires_code() && call.get_code().has_value()) {
-          if (call.get_code().value() != "1234") {
+        if (this->get_requires_code() && code.has_value()) {
+          if (*code != "1234") {
             this->status_momentary_error("invalid_code", 5000);
             return;
           }
diff --git a/esphome/components/demo/demo_climate.h b/esphome/components/demo/demo_climate.h
index e2dfb0142b..c5f07ac114 100644
--- a/esphome/components/demo/demo_climate.h
+++ b/esphome/components/demo/demo_climate.h
@@ -45,33 +45,31 @@ class DemoClimate : public climate::Climate, public Component {
 
  protected:
   void control(const climate::ClimateCall &call) override {
-    if (call.get_mode().has_value()) {
-      this->mode = *call.get_mode();
-    }
-    if (call.get_target_temperature().has_value()) {
-      this->target_temperature = *call.get_target_temperature();
-    }
-    if (call.get_target_temperature_low().has_value()) {
-      this->target_temperature_low = *call.get_target_temperature_low();
-    }
-    if (call.get_target_temperature_high().has_value()) {
-      this->target_temperature_high = *call.get_target_temperature_high();
-    }
-    if (call.get_fan_mode().has_value()) {
-      this->set_fan_mode_(*call.get_fan_mode());
-    }
-    if (call.get_swing_mode().has_value()) {
-      this->swing_mode = *call.get_swing_mode();
-    }
-    if (call.has_custom_fan_mode()) {
+    auto mode = call.get_mode();
+    if (mode.has_value())
+      this->mode = *mode;
+    auto target_temperature = call.get_target_temperature();
+    if (target_temperature.has_value())
+      this->target_temperature = *target_temperature;
+    auto target_temperature_low = call.get_target_temperature_low();
+    if (target_temperature_low.has_value())
+      this->target_temperature_low = *target_temperature_low;
+    auto target_temperature_high = call.get_target_temperature_high();
+    if (target_temperature_high.has_value())
+      this->target_temperature_high = *target_temperature_high;
+    auto fan_mode = call.get_fan_mode();
+    if (fan_mode.has_value())
+      this->set_fan_mode_(*fan_mode);
+    auto swing_mode = call.get_swing_mode();
+    if (swing_mode.has_value())
+      this->swing_mode = *swing_mode;
+    if (call.has_custom_fan_mode())
       this->set_custom_fan_mode_(call.get_custom_fan_mode());
-    }
-    if (call.get_preset().has_value()) {
-      this->set_preset_(*call.get_preset());
-    }
-    if (call.has_custom_preset()) {
+    auto preset = call.get_preset();
+    if (preset.has_value())
+      this->set_preset_(*preset);
+    if (call.has_custom_preset())
       this->set_custom_preset_(call.get_custom_preset());
-    }
     this->publish_state();
   }
   climate::ClimateTraits traits() override {
diff --git a/esphome/components/demo/demo_cover.h b/esphome/components/demo/demo_cover.h
index ec266d46ab..69dd5a4d2d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/demo/demo_cover.h
+++ b/esphome/components/demo/demo_cover.h
@@ -38,8 +38,9 @@ class DemoCover : public cover::Cover, public Component {
 
  protected:
   void control(const cover::CoverCall &call) override {
-    if (call.get_position().has_value()) {
-      float target = *call.get_position();
+    auto pos = call.get_position();
+    if (pos.has_value()) {
+      float target = *pos;
       this->current_operation =
           target > this->position ? cover::COVER_OPERATION_OPENING : cover::COVER_OPERATION_CLOSING;
 
@@ -49,8 +50,9 @@ class DemoCover : public cover::Cover, public Component {
         this->publish_state();
       });
     }
-    if (call.get_tilt().has_value()) {
-      this->tilt = *call.get_tilt();
+    auto tilt = call.get_tilt();
+    if (tilt.has_value()) {
+      this->tilt = *tilt;
     }
     if (call.get_stop()) {
       this->cancel_timeout("move");
diff --git a/esphome/components/demo/demo_fan.h b/esphome/components/demo/demo_fan.h
index 09edc4e0b7..a8b397f19a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/demo/demo_fan.h
+++ b/esphome/components/demo/demo_fan.h
@@ -47,14 +47,18 @@ class DemoFan : public fan::Fan, public Component {
 
  protected:
   void control(const fan::FanCall &call) override {
-    if (call.get_state().has_value())
-      this->state = *call.get_state();
-    if (call.get_oscillating().has_value())
-      this->oscillating = *call.get_oscillating();
-    if (call.get_speed().has_value())
-      this->speed = *call.get_speed();
-    if (call.get_direction().has_value())
-      this->direction = *call.get_direction();
+    auto state = call.get_state();
+    if (state.has_value())
+      this->state = *state;
+    auto oscillating = call.get_oscillating();
+    if (oscillating.has_value())
+      this->oscillating = *oscillating;
+    auto speed = call.get_speed();
+    if (speed.has_value())
+      this->speed = *speed;
+    auto direction = call.get_direction();
+    if (direction.has_value())
+      this->direction = *direction;
 
     this->publish_state();
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/demo/demo_lock.h b/esphome/components/demo/demo_lock.h
index 94d0f70a14..1e3fd51db4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/demo/demo_lock.h
+++ b/esphome/components/demo/demo_lock.h
@@ -8,8 +8,9 @@ namespace demo {
 class DemoLock : public lock::Lock {
  protected:
   void control(const lock::LockCall &call) override {
-    auto state = *call.get_state();
-    this->publish_state(state);
+    auto state = call.get_state();
+    if (state.has_value())
+      this->publish_state(*state);
   }
 };
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/demo/demo_valve.h b/esphome/components/demo/demo_valve.h
index 55d457f176..9a3122aca5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/demo/demo_valve.h
+++ b/esphome/components/demo/demo_valve.h
@@ -26,12 +26,15 @@ class DemoValve : public valve::Valve {
 
  protected:
   void control(const valve::ValveCall &call) override {
-    if (call.get_position().has_value()) {
-      this->position = *call.get_position();
+    auto pos = call.get_position();
+    if (pos.has_value()) {
+      this->position = *pos;
       this->publish_state();
       return;
-    } else if (call.get_toggle().has_value()) {
-      if (call.get_toggle().value()) {
+    }
+    auto toggle = call.get_toggle();
+    if (toggle.has_value()) {
+      if (*toggle) {
         if (this->position == valve::VALVE_OPEN) {
           this->position = valve::VALVE_CLOSED;
           this->publish_state();
diff --git a/esphome/components/emmeti/emmeti.cpp b/esphome/components/emmeti/emmeti.cpp
index d3e923cbef..04976d95d7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/emmeti/emmeti.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/emmeti/emmeti.cpp
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ uint8_t EmmetiClimate::set_mode_() {
 }
 
 uint8_t EmmetiClimate::set_fan_speed_() {
-  switch (this->fan_mode.value()) {
+  switch (this->fan_mode.value_or(climate::CLIMATE_FAN_ON)) {
     case climate::CLIMATE_FAN_LOW:
       return EMMETI_FAN_1;
     case climate::CLIMATE_FAN_MEDIUM:
diff --git a/esphome/components/endstop/endstop_cover.cpp b/esphome/components/endstop/endstop_cover.cpp
index ea8a5ec186..5e0b9c72d3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/endstop/endstop_cover.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/endstop/endstop_cover.cpp
@@ -37,8 +37,9 @@ void EndstopCover::control(const CoverCall &call) {
       }
     }
   }
-  if (call.get_position().has_value()) {
-    auto pos = *call.get_position();
+  auto opt_pos = call.get_position();
+  if (opt_pos.has_value()) {
+    auto pos = *opt_pos;
     if (pos == this->position) {
       // already at target
     } else {
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h
index fa0cdb6f45..7f1c2b0f7c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ class ESPBTDevice {
     for (auto &it : this->manufacturer_datas_) {
       auto res = ESPBLEiBeacon::from_manufacturer_data(it);
       if (res.has_value())
-        return *res;
+        return res;
     }
     return {};
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/led_strip.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/led_strip.cpp
index 8bb5cbb62e..66b41931aa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/led_strip.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/led_strip.cpp
@@ -162,7 +162,8 @@ void ESP32RMTLEDStripLightOutput::set_led_params(uint32_t bit0_high, uint32_t bi
 void ESP32RMTLEDStripLightOutput::write_state(light::LightState *state) {
   // protect from refreshing too often
   uint32_t now = micros();
-  if (*this->max_refresh_rate_ != 0 && (now - this->last_refresh_) < *this->max_refresh_rate_) {
+  auto rate = this->max_refresh_rate_.value_or(0);
+  if (rate != 0 && (now - this->last_refresh_) < rate) {
     // try again next loop iteration, so that this change won't get lost
     this->schedule_show();
     return;
@@ -301,7 +302,7 @@ void ESP32RMTLEDStripLightOutput::dump_config() {
                 "  RGB Order: %s\n"
                 "  Max refresh rate: %" PRIu32 "\n"
                 "  Number of LEDs: %u",
-                rgb_order, *this->max_refresh_rate_, this->num_leds_);
+                rgb_order, this->max_refresh_rate_.value_or(0), this->num_leds_);
 }
 
 float ESP32RMTLEDStripLightOutput::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/fastled_base/fastled_light.cpp b/esphome/components/fastled_base/fastled_light.cpp
index b3946a34b5..504b8d473e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/fastled_base/fastled_light.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/fastled_base/fastled_light.cpp
@@ -21,12 +21,13 @@ void FastLEDLightOutput::dump_config() {
                 "FastLED light:\n"
                 "  Num LEDs: %u\n"
                 "  Max refresh rate: %u",
-                this->num_leds_, *this->max_refresh_rate_);
+                this->num_leds_, this->max_refresh_rate_.value_or(0));
 }
 void FastLEDLightOutput::write_state(light::LightState *state) {
   // protect from refreshing too often
   uint32_t now = micros();
-  if (*this->max_refresh_rate_ != 0 && (now - this->last_refresh_) < *this->max_refresh_rate_) {
+  uint32_t max_rate = this->max_refresh_rate_.value_or(0);
+  if (max_rate != 0 && (now - this->last_refresh_) < max_rate) {
     // try again next loop iteration, so that this change won't get lost
     this->schedule_show();
     return;
diff --git a/esphome/components/feedback/feedback_cover.cpp b/esphome/components/feedback/feedback_cover.cpp
index ffb19fa091..d247bada33 100644
--- a/esphome/components/feedback/feedback_cover.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/feedback/feedback_cover.cpp
@@ -269,9 +269,12 @@ void FeedbackCover::control(const CoverCall &call) {
         this->start_direction_(COVER_OPERATION_CLOSING);
       }
     }
-  } else if (call.get_position().has_value()) {
+  } else {
+    auto pos_opt = call.get_position();
+    if (!pos_opt.has_value())
+      return;
     // go to position action
-    auto pos = *call.get_position();
+    auto pos = *pos_opt;
     if (pos == this->position) {
       // already at target,
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/fujitsu_general/fujitsu_general.cpp b/esphome/components/fujitsu_general/fujitsu_general.cpp
index 6c7adebfea..8aa0f51728 100644
--- a/esphome/components/fujitsu_general/fujitsu_general.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/fujitsu_general/fujitsu_general.cpp
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ void FujitsuGeneralClimate::transmit_state() {
   }
 
   // Set fan
-  switch (this->fan_mode.value()) {
+  switch (this->fan_mode.value_or(climate::CLIMATE_FAN_ON)) {
     case climate::CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH:
       SET_NIBBLE(remote_state, FUJITSU_GENERAL_FAN_NIBBLE, FUJITSU_GENERAL_FAN_HIGH);
       break;
diff --git a/esphome/components/gree/gree.cpp b/esphome/components/gree/gree.cpp
index b8cf8a39a8..8a9f264932 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gree/gree.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/gree/gree.cpp
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ uint8_t GreeClimate::operation_mode_() {
 uint8_t GreeClimate::fan_speed_() {
   // YX1FF has 4 fan speeds -- we treat low as quiet and turbo as high
   if (this->model_ == GREE_YX1FF) {
-    switch (this->fan_mode.value()) {
+    switch (this->fan_mode.value_or(climate::CLIMATE_FAN_ON)) {
       case climate::CLIMATE_FAN_QUIET:
         return GREE_FAN_1;
       case climate::CLIMATE_FAN_LOW:
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ uint8_t GreeClimate::fan_speed_() {
     }
   }
 
-  switch (this->fan_mode.value()) {
+  switch (this->fan_mode.value_or(climate::CLIMATE_FAN_ON)) {
     case climate::CLIMATE_FAN_LOW:
       return GREE_FAN_1;
     case climate::CLIMATE_FAN_MEDIUM:
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ uint8_t GreeClimate::temperature_() {
 uint8_t GreeClimate::preset_() {
   // YX1FF has sleep preset
   if (this->model_ == GREE_YX1FF) {
-    switch (this->preset.value()) {
+    switch (this->preset.value_or(climate::CLIMATE_PRESET_NONE)) {
       case climate::CLIMATE_PRESET_NONE:
         return GREE_PRESET_NONE;
       case climate::CLIMATE_PRESET_SLEEP:
diff --git a/esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.cpp b/esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.cpp
index d98d273957..be5035caa1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.cpp
@@ -893,7 +893,8 @@ haier_protocol::HandlerError HonClimate::process_status_message_(const uint8_t *
     } else {
       this->preset = CLIMATE_PRESET_NONE;
     }
-    should_publish = should_publish || (!old_preset.has_value()) || (old_preset.value() != this->preset.value());
+    should_publish = should_publish || (!old_preset.has_value()) ||
+                     (old_preset.value_or(CLIMATE_PRESET_NONE) != this->preset.value_or(CLIMATE_PRESET_NONE));
   }
   {
     // Target temperature
@@ -936,7 +937,8 @@ haier_protocol::HandlerError HonClimate::process_status_message_(const uint8_t *
         this->fan_mode = CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH;
         break;
     }
-    should_publish = should_publish || (!old_fan_mode.has_value()) || (old_fan_mode.value() != fan_mode.value());
+    should_publish = should_publish || (!old_fan_mode.has_value()) ||
+                     (old_fan_mode.value_or(CLIMATE_FAN_ON) != this->fan_mode.value_or(CLIMATE_FAN_ON));
   }
   // Display status
   // should be before "Climate mode" because it is changing this->mode
@@ -1301,7 +1303,8 @@ void HonClimate::clear_control_messages_queue_() {
 }
 
 bool HonClimate::prepare_pending_action() {
-  switch (this->action_request_.value().action) {
+  auto &action_request = this->action_request_.value();  // NOLINT(bugprone-unchecked-optional-access)
+  switch (action_request.action) {
     case ActionRequest::START_SELF_CLEAN:
       if (this->control_method_ == HonControlMethod::SET_GROUP_PARAMETERS) {
         uint8_t control_out_buffer[haier_protocol::MAX_FRAME_SIZE];
@@ -1315,12 +1318,12 @@ bool HonClimate::prepare_pending_action() {
         out_data->ac_power = 1;
         out_data->ac_mode = (uint8_t) hon_protocol::ConditioningMode::DRY;
         out_data->light_status = 0;
-        this->action_request_.value().message = haier_protocol::HaierMessage(
+        action_request.message = haier_protocol::HaierMessage(
             haier_protocol::FrameType::CONTROL, (uint16_t) hon_protocol::SubcommandsControl::SET_GROUP_PARAMETERS,
             control_out_buffer, this->real_control_packet_size_);
         return true;
       } else if (this->control_method_ == HonControlMethod::SET_SINGLE_PARAMETER) {
-        this->action_request_.value().message =
+        action_request.message =
             haier_protocol::HaierMessage(haier_protocol::FrameType::CONTROL,
                                          (uint16_t) hon_protocol::SubcommandsControl::SET_SINGLE_PARAMETER +
                                              (uint8_t) hon_protocol::DataParameters::SELF_CLEANING,
@@ -1343,7 +1346,7 @@ bool HonClimate::prepare_pending_action() {
         out_data->ac_power = 1;
         out_data->ac_mode = (uint8_t) hon_protocol::ConditioningMode::DRY;
         out_data->light_status = 0;
-        this->action_request_.value().message = haier_protocol::HaierMessage(
+        action_request.message = haier_protocol::HaierMessage(
             haier_protocol::FrameType::CONTROL, (uint16_t) hon_protocol::SubcommandsControl::SET_GROUP_PARAMETERS,
             control_out_buffer, this->real_control_packet_size_);
         return true;
diff --git a/esphome/components/haier/smartair2_climate.cpp b/esphome/components/haier/smartair2_climate.cpp
index 63c22821b3..d24f8ad849 100644
--- a/esphome/components/haier/smartair2_climate.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/haier/smartair2_climate.cpp
@@ -402,7 +402,8 @@ haier_protocol::HandlerError Smartair2Climate::process_status_message_(const uin
     } else {
       this->preset = CLIMATE_PRESET_NONE;
     }
-    should_publish = should_publish || (!old_preset.has_value()) || (old_preset.value() != this->preset.value());
+    should_publish = should_publish || (!old_preset.has_value()) ||
+                     (old_preset.value_or(CLIMATE_PRESET_NONE) != this->preset.value_or(CLIMATE_PRESET_NONE));
   }
   {
     // Target temperature
@@ -446,7 +447,8 @@ haier_protocol::HandlerError Smartair2Climate::process_status_message_(const uin
         this->fan_mode = CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH;
         break;
     }
-    should_publish = should_publish || (!old_fan_mode.has_value()) || (old_fan_mode.value() != fan_mode.value());
+    should_publish = should_publish || (!old_fan_mode.has_value()) ||
+                     (old_fan_mode.value_or(CLIMATE_FAN_ON) != this->fan_mode.value_or(CLIMATE_FAN_ON));
   }
   // Display status
   // should be before "Climate mode" because it is changing this->mode
diff --git a/esphome/components/hbridge/fan/hbridge_fan.cpp b/esphome/components/hbridge/fan/hbridge_fan.cpp
index 38e4129e66..89c162eebf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hbridge/fan/hbridge_fan.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/hbridge/fan/hbridge_fan.cpp
@@ -49,14 +49,18 @@ void HBridgeFan::dump_config() {
 }
 
 void HBridgeFan::control(const fan::FanCall &call) {
-  if (call.get_state().has_value())
-    this->state = *call.get_state();
-  if (call.get_speed().has_value())
-    this->speed = *call.get_speed();
-  if (call.get_oscillating().has_value())
-    this->oscillating = *call.get_oscillating();
-  if (call.get_direction().has_value())
-    this->direction = *call.get_direction();
+  auto call_state = call.get_state();
+  if (call_state.has_value())
+    this->state = *call_state;
+  auto call_speed = call.get_speed();
+  if (call_speed.has_value())
+    this->speed = *call_speed;
+  auto call_oscillating = call.get_oscillating();
+  if (call_oscillating.has_value())
+    this->oscillating = *call_oscillating;
+  auto call_direction = call.get_direction();
+  if (call_direction.has_value())
+    this->direction = *call_direction;
   this->apply_preset_mode_(call);
 
   this->write_state_();
diff --git a/esphome/components/he60r/he60r.cpp b/esphome/components/he60r/he60r.cpp
index ca17930272..fdcd1a29c0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/he60r/he60r.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/he60r/he60r.cpp
@@ -171,9 +171,12 @@ void HE60rCover::control(const CoverCall &call) {
     } else {
       this->toggles_needed_++;
     }
-  } else if (call.get_position().has_value()) {
+  } else {
+    auto pos_opt = call.get_position();
+    if (!pos_opt.has_value())
+      return;
     // go to position action
-    auto pos = *call.get_position();
+    auto pos = *pos_opt;
     // are we at the target?
     if (pos == this->position) {
       this->start_direction_(COVER_OPERATION_IDLE);
diff --git a/esphome/components/hitachi_ac344/hitachi_ac344.cpp b/esphome/components/hitachi_ac344/hitachi_ac344.cpp
index 2bcb205644..69469cab2e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hitachi_ac344/hitachi_ac344.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/hitachi_ac344/hitachi_ac344.cpp
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ void HitachiClimate::transmit_state() {
 
   set_temp_(static_cast<uint8_t>(this->target_temperature));
 
-  switch (this->fan_mode.value()) {
+  switch (this->fan_mode.value_or(climate::CLIMATE_FAN_ON)) {
     case climate::CLIMATE_FAN_LOW:
       set_fan_(HITACHI_AC344_FAN_LOW);
       break;
diff --git a/esphome/components/hitachi_ac424/hitachi_ac424.cpp b/esphome/components/hitachi_ac424/hitachi_ac424.cpp
index 64f23dfc17..0b3cc99a82 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hitachi_ac424/hitachi_ac424.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/hitachi_ac424/hitachi_ac424.cpp
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ void HitachiClimate::transmit_state() {
 
   set_temp_(static_cast<uint8_t>(this->target_temperature));
 
-  switch (this->fan_mode.value()) {
+  switch (this->fan_mode.value_or(climate::CLIMATE_FAN_ON)) {
     case climate::CLIMATE_FAN_LOW:
       set_fan_(HITACHI_AC424_FAN_LOW);
       break;
diff --git a/esphome/components/i2s_audio/media_player/i2s_audio_media_player.cpp b/esphome/components/i2s_audio/media_player/i2s_audio_media_player.cpp
index 39301220d5..369c964a85 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2s_audio/media_player/i2s_audio_media_player.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/i2s_audio/media_player/i2s_audio_media_player.cpp
@@ -11,17 +11,18 @@ static const char *const TAG = "audio";
 
 void I2SAudioMediaPlayer::control(const media_player::MediaPlayerCall &call) {
   media_player::MediaPlayerState play_state = media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_PLAYING;
-  if (call.get_announcement().has_value()) {
-    play_state = call.get_announcement().value() ? media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_ANNOUNCING
-                                                 : media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_PLAYING;
+  auto announcement = call.get_announcement();
+  if (announcement.has_value()) {
+    play_state = *announcement ? media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_ANNOUNCING : media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_PLAYING;
   }
-  if (call.get_media_url().has_value()) {
-    this->current_url_ = call.get_media_url();
+  auto media_url = call.get_media_url();
+  if (media_url.has_value()) {
+    this->current_url_ = media_url;
     if (this->i2s_state_ != I2S_STATE_STOPPED && this->audio_ != nullptr) {
       if (this->audio_->isRunning()) {
         this->audio_->stopSong();
       }
-      this->audio_->connecttohost(this->current_url_.value().c_str());
+      this->audio_->connecttohost(media_url->c_str());
       this->state = play_state;
     } else {
       this->start();
@@ -32,13 +33,15 @@ void I2SAudioMediaPlayer::control(const media_player::MediaPlayerCall &call) {
     this->is_announcement_ = true;
   }
 
-  if (call.get_volume().has_value()) {
-    this->volume = call.get_volume().value();
+  auto vol = call.get_volume();
+  if (vol.has_value()) {
+    this->volume = *vol;
     this->set_volume_(volume);
     this->unmute_();
   }
-  if (call.get_command().has_value()) {
-    switch (call.get_command().value()) {
+  auto cmd = call.get_command();
+  if (cmd.has_value()) {
+    switch (*cmd) {
       case media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_MUTE:
         this->mute_();
         break;
@@ -67,7 +70,7 @@ void I2SAudioMediaPlayer::control(const media_player::MediaPlayerCall &call) {
     if (this->i2s_state_ != I2S_STATE_RUNNING) {
       return;
     }
-    switch (call.get_command().value()) {
+    switch (*cmd) {
       case media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_PLAY:
         if (!this->audio_->isRunning())
           this->audio_->pauseResume();
diff --git a/esphome/components/infrared/infrared.cpp b/esphome/components/infrared/infrared.cpp
index 4431869951..658c9fd0df 100644
--- a/esphome/components/infrared/infrared.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/infrared/infrared.cpp
@@ -90,8 +90,9 @@ void Infrared::control(const InfraredCall &call) {
   auto *transmit_data = transmit_call.get_data();
 
   // Set carrier frequency
-  if (call.get_carrier_frequency().has_value()) {
-    transmit_data->set_carrier_frequency(call.get_carrier_frequency().value());
+  auto freq = call.get_carrier_frequency();
+  if (freq.has_value()) {
+    transmit_data->set_carrier_frequency(*freq);
   }
 
   // Set timings based on format
diff --git a/esphome/components/ledc/ledc_output.cpp b/esphome/components/ledc/ledc_output.cpp
index a01d42ac8b..21e0682257 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ledc/ledc_output.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ledc/ledc_output.cpp
@@ -56,7 +56,8 @@ optional<uint8_t> ledc_bit_depth_for_frequency(float frequency) {
 
 esp_err_t configure_timer_frequency(ledc_mode_t speed_mode, ledc_timer_t timer_num, ledc_channel_t chan_num,
                                     uint8_t channel, uint8_t &bit_depth, float frequency) {
-  bit_depth = *ledc_bit_depth_for_frequency(frequency);
+  auto bit_depth_opt = ledc_bit_depth_for_frequency(frequency);
+  bit_depth = bit_depth_opt.value_or(0);
   if (bit_depth < 1) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Frequency %f can't be achieved with any bit depth", frequency);
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp4461/mcp4461.cpp b/esphome/components/mcp4461/mcp4461.cpp
index 2f2c75e05a..dc7e7019aa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp4461/mcp4461.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp4461/mcp4461.cpp
@@ -19,8 +19,9 @@ void Mcp4461Component::setup() {
   // save WP/WL status
   this->update_write_protection_status_();
   for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-    if (this->reg_[i].initial_value.has_value()) {
-      uint16_t initial_state = static_cast<uint16_t>(*this->reg_[i].initial_value * 256.0f);
+    auto init_val = this->reg_[i].initial_value;
+    if (init_val.has_value()) {
+      uint16_t initial_state = static_cast<uint16_t>(*init_val * 256.0f);
       this->write_wiper_level_(i, initial_state);
     }
     if (this->reg_[i].enabled) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/midea/air_conditioner.cpp b/esphome/components/midea/air_conditioner.cpp
index bc750e3713..4d59a4fbbc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/midea/air_conditioner.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/midea/air_conditioner.cpp
@@ -56,20 +56,25 @@ void AirConditioner::on_status_change() {
 
 void AirConditioner::control(const ClimateCall &call) {
   dudanov::midea::ac::Control ctrl{};
-  if (call.get_target_temperature().has_value())
-    ctrl.targetTemp = call.get_target_temperature().value();
-  if (call.get_swing_mode().has_value())
-    ctrl.swingMode = Converters::to_midea_swing_mode(call.get_swing_mode().value());
-  if (call.get_mode().has_value())
-    ctrl.mode = Converters::to_midea_mode(call.get_mode().value());
-  if (call.get_preset().has_value()) {
-    ctrl.preset = Converters::to_midea_preset(call.get_preset().value());
+  auto target_temp_val = call.get_target_temperature();
+  if (target_temp_val.has_value())
+    ctrl.targetTemp = *target_temp_val;
+  auto swing_mode_val = call.get_swing_mode();
+  if (swing_mode_val.has_value())
+    ctrl.swingMode = Converters::to_midea_swing_mode(*swing_mode_val);
+  auto mode_val = call.get_mode();
+  if (mode_val.has_value())
+    ctrl.mode = Converters::to_midea_mode(*mode_val);
+  auto preset_val = call.get_preset();
+  if (preset_val.has_value()) {
+    ctrl.preset = Converters::to_midea_preset(*preset_val);
   } else if (call.has_custom_preset()) {
     // get_custom_preset() returns StringRef pointing to null-terminated string literals from codegen
     ctrl.preset = Converters::to_midea_preset(call.get_custom_preset().c_str());
   }
-  if (call.get_fan_mode().has_value()) {
-    ctrl.fanMode = Converters::to_midea_fan_mode(call.get_fan_mode().value());
+  auto fan_mode_val = call.get_fan_mode();
+  if (fan_mode_val.has_value()) {
+    ctrl.fanMode = Converters::to_midea_fan_mode(*fan_mode_val);
   } else if (call.has_custom_fan_mode()) {
     // get_custom_fan_mode() returns StringRef pointing to null-terminated string literals from codegen
     ctrl.fanMode = Converters::to_midea_fan_mode(call.get_custom_fan_mode().c_str());
diff --git a/esphome/components/midea_ir/midea_ir.cpp b/esphome/components/midea_ir/midea_ir.cpp
index eaee1c731c..220bb3f414 100644
--- a/esphome/components/midea_ir/midea_ir.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/midea_ir/midea_ir.cpp
@@ -114,15 +114,20 @@ void MideaIR::control(const climate::ClimateCall &call) {
   if (call.get_mode() == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF) {
     this->swing_mode = climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF;
     this->preset = climate::CLIMATE_PRESET_NONE;
-  } else if (call.get_swing_mode().has_value() && ((*call.get_swing_mode() == climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF &&
-                                                    this->swing_mode == climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL) ||
-                                                   (*call.get_swing_mode() == climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL &&
-                                                    this->swing_mode == climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF))) {
-    this->swing_ = true;
-  } else if (call.get_preset().has_value() &&
-             ((*call.get_preset() == climate::CLIMATE_PRESET_NONE && this->preset == climate::CLIMATE_PRESET_BOOST) ||
-              (*call.get_preset() == climate::CLIMATE_PRESET_BOOST && this->preset == climate::CLIMATE_PRESET_NONE))) {
-    this->boost_ = true;
+  } else {
+    auto swing = call.get_swing_mode();
+    if (swing.has_value() &&
+        ((*swing == climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF && this->swing_mode == climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL) ||
+         (*swing == climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL && this->swing_mode == climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF))) {
+      this->swing_ = true;
+    } else {
+      auto preset = call.get_preset();
+      if (preset.has_value() &&
+          ((*preset == climate::CLIMATE_PRESET_NONE && this->preset == climate::CLIMATE_PRESET_BOOST) ||
+           (*preset == climate::CLIMATE_PRESET_BOOST && this->preset == climate::CLIMATE_PRESET_NONE))) {
+        this->boost_ = true;
+      }
+    }
   }
   climate_ir::ClimateIR::control(call);
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi/mitsubishi.cpp b/esphome/components/mitsubishi/mitsubishi.cpp
index d80b7aeff5..882163ff5d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mitsubishi/mitsubishi.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi/mitsubishi.cpp
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ void MitsubishiClimate::transmit_state() {
   // For 5Level: Low = 1, Middle = 2, Medium = 3, High = 4
   // For 4Level + Quiet: Low = 1, Middle = 2, Medium = 3, High = 4, Quiet = 5
 
-  switch (this->fan_mode.value()) {
+  switch (this->fan_mode.value_or(climate::CLIMATE_FAN_ON)) {
     case climate::CLIMATE_FAN_LOW:
       remote_state[9] = 1;
       break;
@@ -209,7 +209,8 @@ void MitsubishiClimate::transmit_state() {
       break;
   }
 
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "fan: %02x state: %02x", this->fan_mode.value(), remote_state[9]);
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "fan: %02x state: %02x", static_cast<uint8_t>(this->fan_mode.value_or(climate::CLIMATE_FAN_ON)),
+           remote_state[9]);
 
   // Vertical Vane
   switch (this->swing_mode) {
@@ -227,7 +228,7 @@ void MitsubishiClimate::transmit_state() {
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "default_vertical_direction_: %02X", this->default_vertical_direction_);
 
   // Special modes
-  switch (this->preset.value()) {
+  switch (this->preset.value_or(climate::CLIMATE_PRESET_NONE)) {
     case climate::CLIMATE_PRESET_ECO:
       remote_state[6] = MITSUBISHI_MODE_COOL | MITSUBISHI_OTHERWISE;
       remote_state[8] = (remote_state[8] & ~7) | MITSUBISHI_MODE_A_COOL;
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/select/modbus_select.cpp b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/select/modbus_select.cpp
index 853f4215c3..e2a54d3f60 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/select/modbus_select.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/select/modbus_select.cpp
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ void ModbusSelect::control(size_t index) {
     // Transform func requires string parameter for backward compatibility
     auto val = (*this->write_transform_func_)(this, std::string(option), *mapval, data);
     if (val.has_value()) {
-      mapval = *val;
+      mapval = val;
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "write_lambda returned mapping value %lld", *mapval);
     } else {
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Communication handled by write_lambda - exiting control");
diff --git a/esphome/components/noblex/noblex.cpp b/esphome/components/noblex/noblex.cpp
index 53f807809e..f1e76eabf2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/noblex/noblex.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/noblex/noblex.cpp
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ void NoblexClimate::transmit_state() {
       break;
   }
 
-  switch (this->fan_mode.value()) {
+  switch (this->fan_mode.value_or(climate::CLIMATE_FAN_ON)) {
     case climate::CLIMATE_FAN_LOW:
       remote_state[0] |= (IRNoblexFan::IR_NOBLEX_FAN_LOW << 2);
       break;
diff --git a/esphome/components/noblex/noblex.h b/esphome/components/noblex/noblex.h
index a8e5f41547..57990db005 100644
--- a/esphome/components/noblex/noblex.h
+++ b/esphome/components/noblex/noblex.h
@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@ class NoblexClimate : public climate_ir::ClimateIR {
   void control(const climate::ClimateCall &call) override {
     send_swing_cmd_ = call.get_swing_mode().has_value();
     // swing resets after unit powered off
-    if (call.get_mode().has_value() && *call.get_mode() == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF)
+    auto mode = call.get_mode();
+    if (mode.has_value() && *mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF)
       this->swing_mode = climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF;
     climate_ir::ClimateIR::control(call);
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/output/lock/output_lock.cpp b/esphome/components/output/lock/output_lock.cpp
index 2545f62481..c373cd7b7c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/output/lock/output_lock.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/output/lock/output_lock.cpp
@@ -9,7 +9,10 @@ static const char *const TAG = "output.lock";
 void OutputLock::dump_config() { LOG_LOCK("", "Output Lock", this); }
 
 void OutputLock::control(const lock::LockCall &call) {
-  auto state = *call.get_state();
+  auto state_val = call.get_state();
+  if (!state_val.has_value())
+    return;
+  auto state = *state_val;
   if (state == lock::LOCK_STATE_LOCKED) {
     this->output_->turn_on();
   } else if (state == lock::LOCK_STATE_UNLOCKED) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/pid/pid_climate.cpp b/esphome/components/pid/pid_climate.cpp
index 2094c0e942..54b7a688b4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pid/pid_climate.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pid/pid_climate.cpp
@@ -41,10 +41,12 @@ void PIDClimate::setup() {
   }
 }
 void PIDClimate::control(const climate::ClimateCall &call) {
-  if (call.get_mode().has_value())
-    this->mode = *call.get_mode();
-  if (call.get_target_temperature().has_value())
-    this->target_temperature = *call.get_target_temperature();
+  auto call_mode = call.get_mode();
+  if (call_mode.has_value())
+    this->mode = *call_mode;
+  auto call_target = call.get_target_temperature();
+  if (call_target.has_value())
+    this->target_temperature = *call_target;
 
   // If switching to off mode, set output immediately
   if (this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pzem004t/pzem004t.cpp b/esphome/components/pzem004t/pzem004t.cpp
index 356847825e..d0f96d6d1e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pzem004t/pzem004t.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pzem004t/pzem004t.cpp
@@ -26,7 +26,10 @@ void PZEM004T::loop() {
 
   // PZEM004T packet size is 7 byte
   while (this->available() >= 7) {
-    auto resp = *this->read_array<7>();
+    auto resp_opt = this->read_array<7>();
+    if (!resp_opt.has_value())
+      break;
+    auto resp = *resp_opt;
     // packet format:
     // 0: packet type
     // 1-5: data
diff --git a/esphome/components/select/select_call.cpp b/esphome/components/select/select_call.cpp
index 2ff99c961d..45fb42c116 100644
--- a/esphome/components/select/select_call.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/select/select_call.cpp
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ optional<size_t> SelectCall::calculate_target_index_(const char *name) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - No option set", name);
       return {};
     }
-    return this->index_.value();
+    return this->index_;
   }
 
   // SELECT_OP_NEXT or SELECT_OP_PREVIOUS
diff --git a/esphome/components/sgp4x/sgp4x.h b/esphome/components/sgp4x/sgp4x.h
index 8b31bca28c..89fa627c61 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sgp4x/sgp4x.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sgp4x/sgp4x.h
@@ -81,22 +81,16 @@ class SGP4xComponent : public PollingComponent, public sensor::Sensor, public se
   void set_voc_algorithm_tuning(uint16_t index_offset, uint16_t learning_time_offset_hours,
                                 uint16_t learning_time_gain_hours, uint16_t gating_max_duration_minutes,
                                 uint16_t std_initial, uint16_t gain_factor) {
-    voc_tuning_params_.value().index_offset = index_offset;
-    voc_tuning_params_.value().learning_time_offset_hours = learning_time_offset_hours;
-    voc_tuning_params_.value().learning_time_gain_hours = learning_time_gain_hours;
-    voc_tuning_params_.value().gating_max_duration_minutes = gating_max_duration_minutes;
-    voc_tuning_params_.value().std_initial = std_initial;
-    voc_tuning_params_.value().gain_factor = gain_factor;
+    this->voc_tuning_params_ = GasTuning{
+        index_offset, learning_time_offset_hours, learning_time_gain_hours, gating_max_duration_minutes, std_initial,
+        gain_factor};
   }
   void set_nox_algorithm_tuning(uint16_t index_offset, uint16_t learning_time_offset_hours,
                                 uint16_t learning_time_gain_hours, uint16_t gating_max_duration_minutes,
                                 uint16_t gain_factor) {
-    nox_tuning_params_.value().index_offset = index_offset;
-    nox_tuning_params_.value().learning_time_offset_hours = learning_time_offset_hours;
-    nox_tuning_params_.value().learning_time_gain_hours = learning_time_gain_hours;
-    nox_tuning_params_.value().gating_max_duration_minutes = gating_max_duration_minutes;
-    nox_tuning_params_.value().std_initial = 50;
-    nox_tuning_params_.value().gain_factor = gain_factor;
+    this->nox_tuning_params_ =
+        GasTuning{index_offset, learning_time_offset_hours, learning_time_gain_hours, gating_max_duration_minutes, 50,
+                  gain_factor};
   }
 
  protected:
diff --git a/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/speaker_media_player.cpp b/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/speaker_media_player.cpp
index 3f5cb2fda6..9f168f854d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/speaker_media_player.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/speaker_media_player.cpp
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ void SpeakerMediaPlayer::watch_media_commands_() {
         delete media_command.url.value();
       }
       if (media_command.file.has_value()) {
-        playlist_item.file = media_command.file.value();
+        playlist_item.file = media_command.file;
       }
 
       if (this->single_pipeline_() || (media_command.announce.has_value() && media_command.announce.value())) {
@@ -495,18 +495,21 @@ void SpeakerMediaPlayer::control(const media_player::MediaPlayerCall &call) {
 
   MediaCallCommand media_command;
 
-  if (this->single_pipeline_() || (call.get_announcement().has_value() && call.get_announcement().value())) {
+  auto ann = call.get_announcement();
+  if (this->single_pipeline_() || (ann.has_value() && *ann)) {
     media_command.announce = true;
   } else {
     media_command.announce = false;
   }
 
-  if (call.get_media_url().has_value()) {
-    media_command.url = new std::string(
-        call.get_media_url().value());  // Must be manually deleted after receiving media_command from a queue
+  auto media_url = call.get_media_url();
+  if (media_url.has_value()) {
+    media_command.url =
+        new std::string(*media_url);  // Must be manually deleted after receiving media_command from a queue
 
-    if (call.get_command().has_value()) {
-      if (call.get_command().value() == media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_ENQUEUE) {
+    auto cmd = call.get_command();
+    if (cmd.has_value()) {
+      if (*cmd == media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_ENQUEUE) {
         media_command.enqueue = true;
       }
     }
@@ -515,18 +518,20 @@ void SpeakerMediaPlayer::control(const media_player::MediaPlayerCall &call) {
     return;
   }
 
-  if (call.get_volume().has_value()) {
-    media_command.volume = call.get_volume().value();
+  auto vol = call.get_volume();
+  if (vol.has_value()) {
+    media_command.volume = vol;
     // Wait 0 ticks for queue to be free, volume sets aren't that important!
     xQueueSend(this->media_control_command_queue_, &media_command, 0);
     return;
   }
 
-  if (call.get_command().has_value()) {
-    media_command.command = call.get_command().value();
+  auto cmd = call.get_command();
+  if (cmd.has_value()) {
+    media_command.command = cmd;
     TickType_t ticks_to_wait = portMAX_DELAY;
-    if ((call.get_command().value() == media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_VOLUME_UP) ||
-        (call.get_command().value() == media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_VOLUME_DOWN)) {
+    if ((*cmd == media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_VOLUME_UP) ||
+        (*cmd == media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_VOLUME_DOWN)) {
       ticks_to_wait = 0;  // Wait 0 ticks for queue to be free, volume sets aren't that important!
     }
     xQueueSend(this->media_control_command_queue_, &media_command, ticks_to_wait);
diff --git a/esphome/components/speed/fan/speed_fan.cpp b/esphome/components/speed/fan/speed_fan.cpp
index 55f7fd162c..d45237c467 100644
--- a/esphome/components/speed/fan/speed_fan.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/speed/fan/speed_fan.cpp
@@ -21,14 +21,18 @@ void SpeedFan::setup() {
 void SpeedFan::dump_config() { LOG_FAN("", "Speed Fan", this); }
 
 void SpeedFan::control(const fan::FanCall &call) {
-  if (call.get_state().has_value())
-    this->state = *call.get_state();
-  if (call.get_speed().has_value())
-    this->speed = *call.get_speed();
-  if (call.get_oscillating().has_value())
-    this->oscillating = *call.get_oscillating();
-  if (call.get_direction().has_value())
-    this->direction = *call.get_direction();
+  auto call_state = call.get_state();
+  if (call_state.has_value())
+    this->state = *call_state;
+  auto call_speed = call.get_speed();
+  if (call_speed.has_value())
+    this->speed = *call_speed;
+  auto call_oscillating = call.get_oscillating();
+  if (call_oscillating.has_value())
+    this->oscillating = *call_oscillating;
+  auto call_direction = call.get_direction();
+  if (call_direction.has_value())
+    this->direction = *call_direction;
   this->apply_preset_mode_(call);
 
   this->write_state_();
diff --git a/esphome/components/sprinkler/sprinkler.cpp b/esphome/components/sprinkler/sprinkler.cpp
index 44fb9092bc..d1f7452054 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sprinkler/sprinkler.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sprinkler/sprinkler.cpp
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ SprinklerControllerSwitch::SprinklerControllerSwitch() = default;
 
 void SprinklerControllerSwitch::loop() {
   // Loop is only enabled when f_ has a value (see setup())
-  auto s = (*this->f_)();
+  auto s = (*this->f_)();  // NOLINT(bugprone-unchecked-optional-access)
   if (s.has_value()) {
     this->publish_state(*s);
   }
@@ -89,20 +89,21 @@ void SprinklerValveOperator::loop() {
   uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
   switch (this->state_) {
     case STARTING:
-      if ((now - *this->start_millis_) > this->start_delay_) {
+      if ((now - *this->start_millis_) > this->start_delay_) {  // NOLINT(bugprone-unchecked-optional-access)
         this->run_();  // start_delay_ has been exceeded, so ensure both valves are on and update the state
       }
       break;
 
     case ACTIVE:
-      if ((now - *this->start_millis_) > (this->start_delay_ + this->run_duration_)) {
+      if ((now - *this->start_millis_) >  // NOLINT(bugprone-unchecked-optional-access)
+          (this->start_delay_ + this->run_duration_)) {
         this->stop();  // start_delay_ + run_duration_ has been exceeded, start shutting down
       }
       break;
 
     case STOPPING:
-      if ((now - *this->stop_millis_) > this->stop_delay_) {
-        this->kill_();  // stop_delay_has been exceeded, ensure all valves are off
+      if ((now - *this->stop_millis_) > this->stop_delay_) {  // NOLINT(bugprone-unchecked-optional-access)
+        this->kill_();                                        // stop_delay_has been exceeded, ensure all valves are off
       }
       break;
 
@@ -1067,7 +1068,8 @@ uint32_t Sprinkler::total_cycle_time_enabled_incomplete_valves() {
     if (this->valve_is_enabled_(valve)) {
       enabled_valve_count++;
       if (!this->valve_cycle_complete_(valve)) {
-        if (!this->active_valve().has_value() || (valve != this->active_valve().value())) {
+        auto active = this->active_valve();
+        if (!active.has_value() || (valve != *active)) {
           total_time_remaining += this->valve_run_duration_adjusted(valve);
           incomplete_valve_count++;
         } else {
@@ -1190,8 +1192,11 @@ switch_::Switch *Sprinkler::valve_switch(const size_t valve_number) {
 }
 
 switch_::Switch *Sprinkler::valve_pump_switch(const size_t valve_number) {
-  if (this->is_a_valid_valve(valve_number) && this->valve_[valve_number].pump_switch_index.has_value()) {
-    return this->pump_[this->valve_[valve_number].pump_switch_index.value()];
+  if (this->is_a_valid_valve(valve_number)) {
+    auto idx = this->valve_[valve_number].pump_switch_index;
+    if (idx.has_value()) {
+      return this->pump_[*idx];
+    }
   }
   return nullptr;
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/tcl112/tcl112.cpp b/esphome/components/tcl112/tcl112.cpp
index a88e8e96a7..afeee3d739 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tcl112/tcl112.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/tcl112/tcl112.cpp
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ void Tcl112Climate::transmit_state() {
 
   // Set fan
   uint8_t selected_fan;
-  switch (this->fan_mode.value()) {
+  switch (this->fan_mode.value_or(climate::CLIMATE_FAN_ON)) {
     case climate::CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH:
       selected_fan = TCL112_FAN_HIGH;
       break;
diff --git a/esphome/components/template/alarm_control_panel/template_alarm_control_panel.cpp b/esphome/components/template/alarm_control_panel/template_alarm_control_panel.cpp
index 09efe678ce..651aa3c489 100644
--- a/esphome/components/template/alarm_control_panel/template_alarm_control_panel.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/template/alarm_control_panel/template_alarm_control_panel.cpp
@@ -257,14 +257,16 @@ void TemplateAlarmControlPanel::bypass_before_arming() {
 }
 
 void TemplateAlarmControlPanel::control(const AlarmControlPanelCall &call) {
-  if (call.get_state()) {
-    if (call.get_state() == ACP_STATE_ARMED_AWAY) {
+  auto opt_state = call.get_state();
+  if (opt_state) {
+    auto state = *opt_state;
+    if (state == ACP_STATE_ARMED_AWAY) {
       this->arm_(call.get_code(), ACP_STATE_ARMED_AWAY, this->arming_away_time_);
-    } else if (call.get_state() == ACP_STATE_ARMED_HOME) {
+    } else if (state == ACP_STATE_ARMED_HOME) {
       this->arm_(call.get_code(), ACP_STATE_ARMED_HOME, this->arming_home_time_);
-    } else if (call.get_state() == ACP_STATE_ARMED_NIGHT) {
+    } else if (state == ACP_STATE_ARMED_NIGHT) {
       this->arm_(call.get_code(), ACP_STATE_ARMED_NIGHT, this->arming_night_time_);
-    } else if (call.get_state() == ACP_STATE_DISARMED) {
+    } else if (state == ACP_STATE_DISARMED) {
       if (!this->is_code_valid_(call.get_code())) {
         ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Not disarming code doesn't match");
         return;
@@ -274,13 +276,12 @@ void TemplateAlarmControlPanel::control(const AlarmControlPanelCall &call) {
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
       this->bypassed_sensor_indicies_.clear();
 #endif
-    } else if (call.get_state() == ACP_STATE_TRIGGERED) {
+    } else if (state == ACP_STATE_TRIGGERED) {
       this->publish_state(ACP_STATE_TRIGGERED);
-    } else if (call.get_state() == ACP_STATE_PENDING) {
+    } else if (state == ACP_STATE_PENDING) {
       this->publish_state(ACP_STATE_PENDING);
     } else {
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "State not yet implemented: %s",
-               LOG_STR_ARG(alarm_control_panel_state_to_string(*call.get_state())));
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "State not yet implemented: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(alarm_control_panel_state_to_string(state)));
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/template/cover/template_cover.cpp b/esphome/components/template/cover/template_cover.cpp
index 7f5d68623f..d5e0967e1e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/template/cover/template_cover.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/template/cover/template_cover.cpp
@@ -74,8 +74,9 @@ void TemplateCover::control(const CoverCall &call) {
     this->prev_command_trigger_ = &this->toggle_trigger_;
     this->publish_state();
   }
-  if (call.get_position().has_value()) {
-    auto pos = *call.get_position();
+  auto pos_val = call.get_position();
+  if (pos_val.has_value()) {
+    auto pos = *pos_val;
     this->stop_prev_trigger_();
 
     if (pos == COVER_OPEN) {
@@ -93,8 +94,9 @@ void TemplateCover::control(const CoverCall &call) {
     }
   }
 
-  if (call.get_tilt().has_value()) {
-    auto tilt = *call.get_tilt();
+  auto tilt_val = call.get_tilt();
+  if (tilt_val.has_value()) {
+    auto tilt = *tilt_val;
     this->tilt_trigger_.trigger(tilt);
 
     if (this->optimistic_) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/template/datetime/template_date.cpp b/esphome/components/template/datetime/template_date.cpp
index 8a5f11b876..c0f5d96c3d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/template/datetime/template_date.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/template/datetime/template_date.cpp
@@ -48,46 +48,49 @@ void TemplateDate::update() {
 }
 
 void TemplateDate::control(const datetime::DateCall &call) {
-  bool has_year = call.get_year().has_value();
-  bool has_month = call.get_month().has_value();
-  bool has_day = call.get_day().has_value();
+  auto opt_year = call.get_year();
+  auto opt_month = call.get_month();
+  auto opt_day = call.get_day();
+  bool has_year = opt_year.has_value();
+  bool has_month = opt_month.has_value();
+  bool has_day = opt_day.has_value();
 
   ESPTime value = {};
   if (has_year)
-    value.year = *call.get_year();
+    value.year = *opt_year;
 
   if (has_month)
-    value.month = *call.get_month();
+    value.month = *opt_month;
 
   if (has_day)
-    value.day_of_month = *call.get_day();
+    value.day_of_month = *opt_day;
 
   this->set_trigger_.trigger(value);
 
   if (this->optimistic_) {
     if (has_year)
-      this->year_ = *call.get_year();
+      this->year_ = *opt_year;
     if (has_month)
-      this->month_ = *call.get_month();
+      this->month_ = *opt_month;
     if (has_day)
-      this->day_ = *call.get_day();
+      this->day_ = *opt_day;
     this->publish_state();
   }
 
   if (this->restore_value_) {
     datetime::DateEntityRestoreState temp = {};
     if (has_year) {
-      temp.year = *call.get_year();
+      temp.year = *opt_year;
     } else {
       temp.year = this->year_;
     }
     if (has_month) {
-      temp.month = *call.get_month();
+      temp.month = *opt_month;
     } else {
       temp.month = this->month_;
     }
     if (has_day) {
-      temp.day = *call.get_day();
+      temp.day = *opt_day;
     } else {
       temp.day = this->day_;
     }
diff --git a/esphome/components/template/datetime/template_datetime.cpp b/esphome/components/template/datetime/template_datetime.cpp
index 269a1d06ca..5b8b308c00 100644
--- a/esphome/components/template/datetime/template_datetime.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/template/datetime/template_datetime.cpp
@@ -54,79 +54,85 @@ void TemplateDateTime::update() {
 }
 
 void TemplateDateTime::control(const datetime::DateTimeCall &call) {
-  bool has_year = call.get_year().has_value();
-  bool has_month = call.get_month().has_value();
-  bool has_day = call.get_day().has_value();
-  bool has_hour = call.get_hour().has_value();
-  bool has_minute = call.get_minute().has_value();
-  bool has_second = call.get_second().has_value();
+  auto opt_year = call.get_year();
+  auto opt_month = call.get_month();
+  auto opt_day = call.get_day();
+  auto opt_hour = call.get_hour();
+  auto opt_minute = call.get_minute();
+  auto opt_second = call.get_second();
+  bool has_year = opt_year.has_value();
+  bool has_month = opt_month.has_value();
+  bool has_day = opt_day.has_value();
+  bool has_hour = opt_hour.has_value();
+  bool has_minute = opt_minute.has_value();
+  bool has_second = opt_second.has_value();
 
   ESPTime value = {};
   if (has_year)
-    value.year = *call.get_year();
+    value.year = *opt_year;
 
   if (has_month)
-    value.month = *call.get_month();
+    value.month = *opt_month;
 
   if (has_day)
-    value.day_of_month = *call.get_day();
+    value.day_of_month = *opt_day;
 
   if (has_hour)
-    value.hour = *call.get_hour();
+    value.hour = *opt_hour;
 
   if (has_minute)
-    value.minute = *call.get_minute();
+    value.minute = *opt_minute;
 
   if (has_second)
-    value.second = *call.get_second();
+    value.second = *opt_second;
 
   this->set_trigger_.trigger(value);
 
   if (this->optimistic_) {
     if (has_year)
-      this->year_ = *call.get_year();
+      this->year_ = *opt_year;
     if (has_month)
-      this->month_ = *call.get_month();
+      this->month_ = *opt_month;
     if (has_day)
-      this->day_ = *call.get_day();
+      this->day_ = *opt_day;
     if (has_hour)
-      this->hour_ = *call.get_hour();
+      this->hour_ = *opt_hour;
     if (has_minute)
-      this->minute_ = *call.get_minute();
+      this->minute_ = *opt_minute;
     if (has_second)
-      this->second_ = *call.get_second();
+      this->second_ = *opt_second;
     this->publish_state();
   }
 
   if (this->restore_value_) {
     datetime::DateTimeEntityRestoreState temp = {};
     if (has_year) {
-      temp.year = *call.get_year();
+      temp.year = *opt_year;
     } else {
       temp.year = this->year_;
     }
     if (has_month) {
-      temp.month = *call.get_month();
+      temp.month = *opt_month;
     } else {
       temp.month = this->month_;
     }
     if (has_day) {
-      temp.day = *call.get_day();
+      temp.day = *opt_day;
     } else {
       temp.day = this->day_;
     }
     if (has_hour) {
-      temp.hour = *call.get_hour();
+      temp.hour = *opt_hour;
     } else {
       temp.hour = this->hour_;
     }
     if (has_minute) {
-      temp.minute = *call.get_minute();
+      temp.minute = *opt_minute;
     } else {
       temp.minute = this->minute_;
     }
     if (has_second) {
-      temp.second = *call.get_second();
+      temp.second = *opt_second;
     } else {
       temp.second = this->second_;
     }
diff --git a/esphome/components/template/datetime/template_time.cpp b/esphome/components/template/datetime/template_time.cpp
index 9c81687116..b5efa62ae7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/template/datetime/template_time.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/template/datetime/template_time.cpp
@@ -48,46 +48,49 @@ void TemplateTime::update() {
 }
 
 void TemplateTime::control(const datetime::TimeCall &call) {
-  bool has_hour = call.get_hour().has_value();
-  bool has_minute = call.get_minute().has_value();
-  bool has_second = call.get_second().has_value();
+  auto opt_hour = call.get_hour();
+  auto opt_minute = call.get_minute();
+  auto opt_second = call.get_second();
+  bool has_hour = opt_hour.has_value();
+  bool has_minute = opt_minute.has_value();
+  bool has_second = opt_second.has_value();
 
   ESPTime value = {};
   if (has_hour)
-    value.hour = *call.get_hour();
+    value.hour = *opt_hour;
 
   if (has_minute)
-    value.minute = *call.get_minute();
+    value.minute = *opt_minute;
 
   if (has_second)
-    value.second = *call.get_second();
+    value.second = *opt_second;
 
   this->set_trigger_.trigger(value);
 
   if (this->optimistic_) {
     if (has_hour)
-      this->hour_ = *call.get_hour();
+      this->hour_ = *opt_hour;
     if (has_minute)
-      this->minute_ = *call.get_minute();
+      this->minute_ = *opt_minute;
     if (has_second)
-      this->second_ = *call.get_second();
+      this->second_ = *opt_second;
     this->publish_state();
   }
 
   if (this->restore_value_) {
     datetime::TimeEntityRestoreState temp = {};
     if (has_hour) {
-      temp.hour = *call.get_hour();
+      temp.hour = *opt_hour;
     } else {
       temp.hour = this->hour_;
     }
     if (has_minute) {
-      temp.minute = *call.get_minute();
+      temp.minute = *opt_minute;
     } else {
       temp.minute = this->minute_;
     }
     if (has_second) {
-      temp.second = *call.get_second();
+      temp.second = *opt_second;
     } else {
       temp.second = this->second_;
     }
diff --git a/esphome/components/template/fan/template_fan.cpp b/esphome/components/template/fan/template_fan.cpp
index cd267bd552..46a5cba9bb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/template/fan/template_fan.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/template/fan/template_fan.cpp
@@ -20,14 +20,18 @@ void TemplateFan::setup() {
 void TemplateFan::dump_config() { LOG_FAN("", "Template Fan", this); }
 
 void TemplateFan::control(const fan::FanCall &call) {
-  if (call.get_state().has_value())
-    this->state = *call.get_state();
-  if (call.get_speed().has_value() && (this->speed_count_ > 0))
-    this->speed = *call.get_speed();
-  if (call.get_oscillating().has_value() && this->has_oscillating_)
-    this->oscillating = *call.get_oscillating();
-  if (call.get_direction().has_value() && this->has_direction_)
-    this->direction = *call.get_direction();
+  auto call_state = call.get_state();
+  if (call_state.has_value())
+    this->state = *call_state;
+  auto call_speed = call.get_speed();
+  if (call_speed.has_value() && (this->speed_count_ > 0))
+    this->speed = *call_speed;
+  auto call_oscillating = call.get_oscillating();
+  if (call_oscillating.has_value() && this->has_oscillating_)
+    this->oscillating = *call_oscillating;
+  auto call_direction = call.get_direction();
+  if (call_direction.has_value() && this->has_direction_)
+    this->direction = *call_direction;
   this->apply_preset_mode_(call);
 
   this->publish_state();
diff --git a/esphome/components/template/lock/template_lock.cpp b/esphome/components/template/lock/template_lock.cpp
index dbc4501ce7..6e73623ae9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/template/lock/template_lock.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/template/lock/template_lock.cpp
@@ -25,7 +25,10 @@ void TemplateLock::control(const lock::LockCall &call) {
     this->prev_trigger_->stop_action();
   }
 
-  auto state = *call.get_state();
+  auto opt_state = call.get_state();
+  if (!opt_state.has_value())
+    return;
+  auto state = *opt_state;
   if (state == LOCK_STATE_LOCKED) {
     this->prev_trigger_ = &this->lock_trigger_;
     this->lock_trigger_.trigger();
diff --git a/esphome/components/template/valve/template_valve.cpp b/esphome/components/template/valve/template_valve.cpp
index 2817e1a132..3ebeec1285 100644
--- a/esphome/components/template/valve/template_valve.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/template/valve/template_valve.cpp
@@ -77,8 +77,9 @@ void TemplateValve::control(const ValveCall &call) {
     this->prev_command_trigger_ = &this->toggle_trigger_;
     this->publish_state();
   }
-  if (call.get_position().has_value()) {
-    auto pos = *call.get_position();
+  auto pos_val = call.get_position();
+  if (pos_val.has_value()) {
+    auto pos = *pos_val;
     this->stop_prev_trigger_();
 
     if (pos == VALVE_OPEN) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/template/water_heater/template_water_heater.cpp b/esphome/components/template/water_heater/template_water_heater.cpp
index 57c76286a0..73081d204b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/template/water_heater/template_water_heater.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/template/water_heater/template_water_heater.cpp
@@ -101,9 +101,10 @@ water_heater::WaterHeaterCallInternal TemplateWaterHeater::make_call() {
 }
 
 void TemplateWaterHeater::control(const water_heater::WaterHeaterCall &call) {
-  if (call.get_mode().has_value()) {
+  auto mode_val = call.get_mode();
+  if (mode_val.has_value()) {
     if (this->optimistic_) {
-      this->mode_ = *call.get_mode();
+      this->mode_ = *mode_val;
     }
   }
   if (!std::isnan(call.get_target_temperature())) {
@@ -112,14 +113,16 @@ void TemplateWaterHeater::control(const water_heater::WaterHeaterCall &call) {
     }
   }
 
-  if (call.get_away().has_value()) {
+  auto away_val = call.get_away();
+  if (away_val.has_value()) {
     if (this->optimistic_) {
-      this->set_state_flag_(water_heater::WATER_HEATER_STATE_AWAY, *call.get_away());
+      this->set_state_flag_(water_heater::WATER_HEATER_STATE_AWAY, *away_val);
     }
   }
-  if (call.get_on().has_value()) {
+  auto on_val = call.get_on();
+  if (on_val.has_value()) {
     if (this->optimistic_) {
-      this->set_state_flag_(water_heater::WATER_HEATER_STATE_ON, *call.get_on());
+      this->set_state_flag_(water_heater::WATER_HEATER_STATE_ON, *on_val);
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/thermostat/thermostat_climate.cpp b/esphome/components/thermostat/thermostat_climate.cpp
index c666419701..d52a22f880 100644
--- a/esphome/components/thermostat/thermostat_climate.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/thermostat/thermostat_climate.cpp
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ void ThermostatClimate::refresh() {
   this->switch_to_mode_(this->mode, false);
   this->switch_to_action_(this->compute_action_(), false);
   this->switch_to_supplemental_action_(this->compute_supplemental_action_());
-  this->switch_to_fan_mode_(this->fan_mode.value(), false);
+  this->switch_to_fan_mode_(this->fan_mode.value_or(climate::CLIMATE_FAN_ON), false);
   this->switch_to_swing_mode_(this->swing_mode, false);
   this->switch_to_humidity_control_action_(this->compute_humidity_control_action_());
   this->check_humidity_change_trigger_();
@@ -211,12 +211,13 @@ void ThermostatClimate::validate_target_humidity() {
 void ThermostatClimate::control(const climate::ClimateCall &call) {
   bool target_temperature_high_changed = false;
 
-  if (call.get_preset().has_value()) {
+  auto preset = call.get_preset();
+  if (preset.has_value()) {
     // setup_complete_ blocks modifying/resetting the temps immediately after boot
     if (this->setup_complete_) {
-      this->change_preset_(call.get_preset().value());
+      this->change_preset_(*preset);
     } else {
-      this->preset = call.get_preset().value();
+      this->preset = preset;
     }
   }
   if (call.has_custom_preset()) {
@@ -229,34 +230,41 @@ void ThermostatClimate::control(const climate::ClimateCall &call) {
     }
   }
 
-  if (call.get_mode().has_value()) {
-    this->mode = call.get_mode().value();
+  auto mode = call.get_mode();
+  if (mode.has_value()) {
+    this->mode = *mode;
   }
-  if (call.get_fan_mode().has_value()) {
-    this->fan_mode = call.get_fan_mode().value();
+  auto fan_mode = call.get_fan_mode();
+  if (fan_mode.has_value()) {
+    this->fan_mode = fan_mode;
   }
-  if (call.get_swing_mode().has_value()) {
-    this->swing_mode = call.get_swing_mode().value();
+  auto swing_mode = call.get_swing_mode();
+  if (swing_mode.has_value()) {
+    this->swing_mode = *swing_mode;
   }
   if (this->supports_two_points_) {
-    if (call.get_target_temperature_low().has_value()) {
-      this->target_temperature_low = call.get_target_temperature_low().value();
+    auto target_temp_low = call.get_target_temperature_low();
+    if (target_temp_low.has_value()) {
+      this->target_temperature_low = *target_temp_low;
     }
-    if (call.get_target_temperature_high().has_value()) {
-      target_temperature_high_changed = this->target_temperature_high != call.get_target_temperature_high().value();
-      this->target_temperature_high = call.get_target_temperature_high().value();
+    auto target_temp_high = call.get_target_temperature_high();
+    if (target_temp_high.has_value()) {
+      target_temperature_high_changed = this->target_temperature_high != *target_temp_high;
+      this->target_temperature_high = *target_temp_high;
     }
     // ensure the two set points are valid and adjust one of them if necessary
     this->validate_target_temperatures(target_temperature_high_changed ||
                                        (this->prev_mode_ == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL));
   } else {
-    if (call.get_target_temperature().has_value()) {
-      this->target_temperature = call.get_target_temperature().value();
+    auto target_temp = call.get_target_temperature();
+    if (target_temp.has_value()) {
+      this->target_temperature = *target_temp;
       this->validate_target_temperature();
     }
   }
-  if (call.get_target_humidity().has_value()) {
-    this->target_humidity = call.get_target_humidity().value();
+  auto target_humidity = call.get_target_humidity();
+  if (target_humidity.has_value()) {
+    this->target_humidity = *target_humidity;
     this->validate_target_humidity();
   }
   // make any changes happen
@@ -1264,9 +1272,9 @@ bool ThermostatClimate::change_preset_internal_(const ThermostatClimateTargetTem
     something_changed = true;
   }
 
-  if (config.fan_mode_.has_value() && (this->fan_mode != config.fan_mode_.value())) {
+  if (config.fan_mode_.has_value() && (this->fan_mode != config.fan_mode_)) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Setting fan mode to %s", LOG_STR_ARG(climate::climate_fan_mode_to_string(*config.fan_mode_)));
-    this->fan_mode = *config.fan_mode_;
+    this->fan_mode = config.fan_mode_;
     something_changed = true;
   }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/time_based/time_based_cover.cpp b/esphome/components/time_based/time_based_cover.cpp
index f6a3048bd4..c83829ff59 100644
--- a/esphome/components/time_based/time_based_cover.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/time_based/time_based_cover.cpp
@@ -79,8 +79,9 @@ void TimeBasedCover::control(const CoverCall &call) {
       }
     }
   }
-  if (call.get_position().has_value()) {
-    auto pos = *call.get_position();
+  auto pos_val = call.get_position();
+  if (pos_val.has_value()) {
+    auto pos = *pos_val;
     if (pos == this->position) {
       // already at target
       if (this->manual_control_ && (pos == COVER_OPEN || pos == COVER_CLOSED)) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/tormatic/tormatic_cover.cpp b/esphome/components/tormatic/tormatic_cover.cpp
index be412d62a8..f567be0674 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tormatic/tormatic_cover.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/tormatic/tormatic_cover.cpp
@@ -66,8 +66,9 @@ void Tormatic::control(const cover::CoverCall &call) {
     return;
   }
 
-  if (call.get_position().has_value()) {
-    auto pos = call.get_position().value();
+  auto pos_val = call.get_position();
+  if (pos_val.has_value()) {
+    auto pos = *pos_val;
     this->control_position_(pos);
     return;
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/toshiba/toshiba.cpp b/esphome/components/toshiba/toshiba.cpp
index 7b5e78af52..e0c150537a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/toshiba/toshiba.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/toshiba/toshiba.cpp
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ void ToshibaClimate::transmit_generic_() {
   }
 
   uint8_t fan;
-  switch (this->fan_mode.value()) {
+  switch (this->fan_mode.value_or(climate::CLIMATE_FAN_ON)) {
     case climate::CLIMATE_FAN_QUIET:
       fan = TOSHIBA_FAN_SPEED_QUIET;
       break;
@@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ void ToshibaClimate::transmit_rac_pt1411hwru_() {
     message[2] = RAC_PT1411HWRU_NO_FAN.code1;
     message[7] = RAC_PT1411HWRU_NO_FAN.code2;
   } else {
-    switch (this->fan_mode.value()) {
+    switch (this->fan_mode.value_or(climate::CLIMATE_FAN_ON)) {
       case climate::CLIMATE_FAN_LOW:
         message[2] = RAC_PT1411HWRU_FAN_LOW.code1;
         message[7] = RAC_PT1411HWRU_FAN_LOW.code2;
@@ -811,12 +811,12 @@ void ToshibaClimate::transmit_ras_2819t_() {
     uint8_t temp_code = get_ras_2819t_temp_code(temperature);
 
     // Get fan speed encoding for rc_code_1
-    climate::ClimateFanMode effective_fan_mode = this->fan_mode.value();
+    climate::ClimateFanMode effective_fan_mode = this->fan_mode.value_or(climate::CLIMATE_FAN_ON);
 
     // Dry mode only supports AUTO fan speed
     if (this->mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_DRY) {
       effective_fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_AUTO;
-      if (this->fan_mode.value() != climate::CLIMATE_FAN_AUTO) {
+      if (this->fan_mode.value_or(climate::CLIMATE_FAN_ON) != climate::CLIMATE_FAN_AUTO) {
         ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Dry mode only supports AUTO fan speed, forcing AUTO");
       }
     }
diff --git a/esphome/components/tuya/climate/tuya_climate.cpp b/esphome/components/tuya/climate/tuya_climate.cpp
index 4d8fd4b310..6602ccd8c9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tuya/climate/tuya_climate.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/tuya/climate/tuya_climate.cpp
@@ -7,8 +7,9 @@ namespace tuya {
 static const char *const TAG = "tuya.climate";
 
 void TuyaClimate::setup() {
-  if (this->switch_id_.has_value()) {
-    this->parent_->register_listener(*this->switch_id_, [this](const TuyaDatapoint &datapoint) {
+  auto switch_id = this->switch_id_;
+  if (switch_id.has_value()) {
+    this->parent_->register_listener(*switch_id, [this](const TuyaDatapoint &datapoint) {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "MCU reported switch is: %s", ONOFF(datapoint.value_bool));
       this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF;
       if (datapoint.value_bool) {
@@ -32,16 +33,18 @@ void TuyaClimate::setup() {
     this->cooling_state_pin_->setup();
     this->cooling_state_ = this->cooling_state_pin_->digital_read();
   }
-  if (this->active_state_id_.has_value()) {
-    this->parent_->register_listener(*this->active_state_id_, [this](const TuyaDatapoint &datapoint) {
+  auto active_state_id = this->active_state_id_;
+  if (active_state_id.has_value()) {
+    this->parent_->register_listener(*active_state_id, [this](const TuyaDatapoint &datapoint) {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "MCU reported active state is: %u", datapoint.value_enum);
       this->active_state_ = datapoint.value_enum;
       this->compute_state_();
       this->publish_state();
     });
   }
-  if (this->target_temperature_id_.has_value()) {
-    this->parent_->register_listener(*this->target_temperature_id_, [this](const TuyaDatapoint &datapoint) {
+  auto target_temp_id = this->target_temperature_id_;
+  if (target_temp_id.has_value()) {
+    this->parent_->register_listener(*target_temp_id, [this](const TuyaDatapoint &datapoint) {
       this->manual_temperature_ = datapoint.value_int * this->target_temperature_multiplier_;
       if (this->reports_fahrenheit_) {
         this->manual_temperature_ = (this->manual_temperature_ - 32) * 5 / 9;
@@ -53,8 +56,9 @@ void TuyaClimate::setup() {
       this->publish_state();
     });
   }
-  if (this->current_temperature_id_.has_value()) {
-    this->parent_->register_listener(*this->current_temperature_id_, [this](const TuyaDatapoint &datapoint) {
+  auto current_temp_id = this->current_temperature_id_;
+  if (current_temp_id.has_value()) {
+    this->parent_->register_listener(*current_temp_id, [this](const TuyaDatapoint &datapoint) {
       this->current_temperature = datapoint.value_int * this->current_temperature_multiplier_;
       if (this->reports_fahrenheit_) {
         this->current_temperature = (this->current_temperature - 32) * 5 / 9;
@@ -65,8 +69,9 @@ void TuyaClimate::setup() {
       this->publish_state();
     });
   }
-  if (this->eco_id_.has_value()) {
-    this->parent_->register_listener(*this->eco_id_, [this](const TuyaDatapoint &datapoint) {
+  auto eco_id = this->eco_id_;
+  if (eco_id.has_value()) {
+    this->parent_->register_listener(*eco_id, [this](const TuyaDatapoint &datapoint) {
       // Whether data type is BOOL or ENUM, it will still be a 1 or a 0, so the functions below are valid in both cases
       this->eco_ = datapoint.value_bool;
       this->eco_type_ = datapoint.type;
@@ -76,8 +81,9 @@ void TuyaClimate::setup() {
       this->publish_state();
     });
   }
-  if (this->sleep_id_.has_value()) {
-    this->parent_->register_listener(*this->sleep_id_, [this](const TuyaDatapoint &datapoint) {
+  auto sleep_id = this->sleep_id_;
+  if (sleep_id.has_value()) {
+    this->parent_->register_listener(*sleep_id, [this](const TuyaDatapoint &datapoint) {
       this->sleep_ = datapoint.value_bool;
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "MCU reported sleep is: %s", ONOFF(this->sleep_));
       this->compute_preset_();
@@ -85,8 +91,9 @@ void TuyaClimate::setup() {
       this->publish_state();
     });
   }
-  if (this->swing_vertical_id_.has_value()) {
-    this->parent_->register_listener(*this->swing_vertical_id_, [this](const TuyaDatapoint &datapoint) {
+  auto swing_vert_id = this->swing_vertical_id_;
+  if (swing_vert_id.has_value()) {
+    this->parent_->register_listener(*swing_vert_id, [this](const TuyaDatapoint &datapoint) {
       this->swing_vertical_ = datapoint.value_bool;
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "MCU reported vertical swing is: %s", ONOFF(datapoint.value_bool));
       this->compute_swingmode_();
@@ -94,8 +101,9 @@ void TuyaClimate::setup() {
     });
   }
 
-  if (this->swing_horizontal_id_.has_value()) {
-    this->parent_->register_listener(*this->swing_horizontal_id_, [this](const TuyaDatapoint &datapoint) {
+  auto swing_horiz_id = this->swing_horizontal_id_;
+  if (swing_horiz_id.has_value()) {
+    this->parent_->register_listener(*swing_horiz_id, [this](const TuyaDatapoint &datapoint) {
       this->swing_horizontal_ = datapoint.value_bool;
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "MCU reported horizontal swing is: %s", ONOFF(datapoint.value_bool));
       this->compute_swingmode_();
@@ -103,8 +111,9 @@ void TuyaClimate::setup() {
     });
   }
 
-  if (this->fan_speed_id_.has_value()) {
-    this->parent_->register_listener(*this->fan_speed_id_, [this](const TuyaDatapoint &datapoint) {
+  auto fan_speed_id = this->fan_speed_id_;
+  if (fan_speed_id.has_value()) {
+    this->parent_->register_listener(*fan_speed_id, [this](const TuyaDatapoint &datapoint) {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "MCU reported Fan Speed Mode is: %u", datapoint.value_enum);
       this->fan_state_ = datapoint.value_enum;
       this->compute_fanmode_();
@@ -139,21 +148,34 @@ void TuyaClimate::loop() {
 }
 
 void TuyaClimate::control(const climate::ClimateCall &call) {
-  if (call.get_mode().has_value()) {
-    const bool switch_state = *call.get_mode() != climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF;
+  auto mode = call.get_mode();
+  if (mode.has_value()) {
+    const bool switch_state = *mode != climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF;
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Setting switch: %s", ONOFF(switch_state));
-    this->parent_->set_boolean_datapoint_value(*this->switch_id_, switch_state);
-    const climate::ClimateMode new_mode = *call.get_mode();
+    auto switch_dp_id = this->switch_id_;
+    if (switch_dp_id.has_value()) {
+      this->parent_->set_boolean_datapoint_value(*switch_dp_id, switch_state);
+    }
+    const climate::ClimateMode new_mode = *mode;
 
-    if (this->active_state_id_.has_value()) {
+    auto active_state_dp_id = this->active_state_id_;
+    if (active_state_dp_id.has_value()) {
       if (new_mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT && this->supports_heat_) {
-        this->parent_->set_enum_datapoint_value(*this->active_state_id_, *this->active_state_heating_value_);
+        auto heating_val = this->active_state_heating_value_;
+        if (heating_val.has_value())
+          this->parent_->set_enum_datapoint_value(*active_state_dp_id, *heating_val);
       } else if (new_mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL && this->supports_cool_) {
-        this->parent_->set_enum_datapoint_value(*this->active_state_id_, *this->active_state_cooling_value_);
-      } else if (new_mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_DRY && this->active_state_drying_value_.has_value()) {
-        this->parent_->set_enum_datapoint_value(*this->active_state_id_, *this->active_state_drying_value_);
-      } else if (new_mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_FAN_ONLY && this->active_state_fanonly_value_.has_value()) {
-        this->parent_->set_enum_datapoint_value(*this->active_state_id_, *this->active_state_fanonly_value_);
+        auto cooling_val = this->active_state_cooling_value_;
+        if (cooling_val.has_value())
+          this->parent_->set_enum_datapoint_value(*active_state_dp_id, *cooling_val);
+      } else if (new_mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_DRY) {
+        auto drying_val = this->active_state_drying_value_;
+        if (drying_val.has_value())
+          this->parent_->set_enum_datapoint_value(*active_state_dp_id, *drying_val);
+      } else if (new_mode == climate::CLIMATE_MODE_FAN_ONLY) {
+        auto fanonly_val = this->active_state_fanonly_value_;
+        if (fanonly_val.has_value())
+          this->parent_->set_enum_datapoint_value(*active_state_dp_id, *fanonly_val);
       }
     } else {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Active state (mode) datapoint not configured");
@@ -163,31 +185,38 @@ void TuyaClimate::control(const climate::ClimateCall &call) {
   control_swing_mode_(call);
   control_fan_mode_(call);
 
-  if (call.get_target_temperature().has_value()) {
-    float target_temperature = *call.get_target_temperature();
+  auto target_temp = call.get_target_temperature();
+  if (target_temp.has_value()) {
+    float target_temperature = *target_temp;
     if (this->reports_fahrenheit_)
       target_temperature = (target_temperature * 9 / 5) + 32;
 
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Setting target temperature: %.1f", target_temperature);
-    this->parent_->set_integer_datapoint_value(*this->target_temperature_id_,
-                                               (int) (target_temperature / this->target_temperature_multiplier_));
+    auto target_temp_dp_id = this->target_temperature_id_;
+    if (target_temp_dp_id.has_value()) {
+      this->parent_->set_integer_datapoint_value(*target_temp_dp_id,
+                                                 (int) (target_temperature / this->target_temperature_multiplier_));
+    }
   }
 
-  if (call.get_preset().has_value()) {
-    const climate::ClimatePreset preset = *call.get_preset();
-    if (this->eco_id_.has_value()) {
+  auto preset_val = call.get_preset();
+  if (preset_val.has_value()) {
+    const climate::ClimatePreset preset = *preset_val;
+    auto eco_dp_id = this->eco_id_;
+    if (eco_dp_id.has_value()) {
       const bool eco = preset == climate::CLIMATE_PRESET_ECO;
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Setting eco: %s", ONOFF(eco));
       if (this->eco_type_ == TuyaDatapointType::ENUM) {
-        this->parent_->set_enum_datapoint_value(*this->eco_id_, eco);
+        this->parent_->set_enum_datapoint_value(*eco_dp_id, eco);
       } else {
-        this->parent_->set_boolean_datapoint_value(*this->eco_id_, eco);
+        this->parent_->set_boolean_datapoint_value(*eco_dp_id, eco);
       }
     }
-    if (this->sleep_id_.has_value()) {
+    auto sleep_dp_id = this->sleep_id_;
+    if (sleep_dp_id.has_value()) {
       const bool sleep = preset == climate::CLIMATE_PRESET_SLEEP;
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Setting sleep: %s", ONOFF(sleep));
-      this->parent_->set_boolean_datapoint_value(*this->sleep_id_, sleep);
+      this->parent_->set_boolean_datapoint_value(*sleep_dp_id, sleep);
     }
   }
 }
@@ -196,8 +225,9 @@ void TuyaClimate::control_swing_mode_(const climate::ClimateCall &call) {
   bool vertical_swing_changed = false;
   bool horizontal_swing_changed = false;
 
-  if (call.get_swing_mode().has_value()) {
-    const auto swing_mode = *call.get_swing_mode();
+  auto swing_mode_val = call.get_swing_mode();
+  if (swing_mode_val.has_value()) {
+    const auto swing_mode = *swing_mode_val;
 
     switch (swing_mode) {
       case climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF:
@@ -241,14 +271,16 @@ void TuyaClimate::control_swing_mode_(const climate::ClimateCall &call) {
     }
   }
 
-  if (vertical_swing_changed && this->swing_vertical_id_.has_value()) {
+  auto vert_dp_id = this->swing_vertical_id_;
+  if (vertical_swing_changed && vert_dp_id.has_value()) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Setting vertical swing: %s", ONOFF(swing_vertical_));
-    this->parent_->set_boolean_datapoint_value(*this->swing_vertical_id_, swing_vertical_);
+    this->parent_->set_boolean_datapoint_value(*vert_dp_id, swing_vertical_);
   }
 
-  if (horizontal_swing_changed && this->swing_horizontal_id_.has_value()) {
+  auto horiz_dp_id = this->swing_horizontal_id_;
+  if (horizontal_swing_changed && horiz_dp_id.has_value()) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Setting horizontal swing: %s", ONOFF(swing_horizontal_));
-    this->parent_->set_boolean_datapoint_value(*this->swing_horizontal_id_, swing_horizontal_);
+    this->parent_->set_boolean_datapoint_value(*horiz_dp_id, swing_horizontal_);
   }
 
   // Publish the state after updating the swing mode
@@ -256,33 +288,35 @@ void TuyaClimate::control_swing_mode_(const climate::ClimateCall &call) {
 }
 
 void TuyaClimate::control_fan_mode_(const climate::ClimateCall &call) {
-  if (call.get_fan_mode().has_value()) {
-    climate::ClimateFanMode fan_mode = *call.get_fan_mode();
+  auto fan_mode_val = call.get_fan_mode();
+  if (fan_mode_val.has_value()) {
+    climate::ClimateFanMode fan_mode = *fan_mode_val;
 
     uint8_t tuya_fan_speed;
     switch (fan_mode) {
       case climate::CLIMATE_FAN_LOW:
-        tuya_fan_speed = *fan_speed_low_value_;
+        tuya_fan_speed = this->fan_speed_low_value_.value_or(0);
         break;
       case climate::CLIMATE_FAN_MEDIUM:
-        tuya_fan_speed = *fan_speed_medium_value_;
+        tuya_fan_speed = this->fan_speed_medium_value_.value_or(0);
         break;
       case climate::CLIMATE_FAN_MIDDLE:
-        tuya_fan_speed = *fan_speed_middle_value_;
+        tuya_fan_speed = this->fan_speed_middle_value_.value_or(0);
         break;
       case climate::CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH:
-        tuya_fan_speed = *fan_speed_high_value_;
+        tuya_fan_speed = this->fan_speed_high_value_.value_or(0);
         break;
       case climate::CLIMATE_FAN_AUTO:
-        tuya_fan_speed = *fan_speed_auto_value_;
+        tuya_fan_speed = this->fan_speed_auto_value_.value_or(0);
         break;
       default:
         tuya_fan_speed = 0;
         break;
     }
 
-    if (this->fan_speed_id_.has_value()) {
-      this->parent_->set_enum_datapoint_value(*this->fan_speed_id_, tuya_fan_speed);
+    auto fan_speed_dp_id = this->fan_speed_id_;
+    if (fan_speed_dp_id.has_value()) {
+      this->parent_->set_enum_datapoint_value(*fan_speed_dp_id, tuya_fan_speed);
     }
   }
 }
@@ -337,31 +371,39 @@ climate::ClimateTraits TuyaClimate::traits() {
 
 void TuyaClimate::dump_config() {
   LOG_CLIMATE("", "Tuya Climate", this);
-  if (this->switch_id_.has_value()) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Switch has datapoint ID %u", *this->switch_id_);
+  auto switch_dp_id = this->switch_id_;
+  if (switch_dp_id.has_value()) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Switch has datapoint ID %u", *switch_dp_id);
   }
-  if (this->active_state_id_.has_value()) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Active state has datapoint ID %u", *this->active_state_id_);
+  auto active_state_dp_id = this->active_state_id_;
+  if (active_state_dp_id.has_value()) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Active state has datapoint ID %u", *active_state_dp_id);
   }
-  if (this->target_temperature_id_.has_value()) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Target Temperature has datapoint ID %u", *this->target_temperature_id_);
+  auto target_temp_dp_id = this->target_temperature_id_;
+  if (target_temp_dp_id.has_value()) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Target Temperature has datapoint ID %u", *target_temp_dp_id);
   }
-  if (this->current_temperature_id_.has_value()) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Current Temperature has datapoint ID %u", *this->current_temperature_id_);
+  auto current_temp_dp_id = this->current_temperature_id_;
+  if (current_temp_dp_id.has_value()) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Current Temperature has datapoint ID %u", *current_temp_dp_id);
   }
   LOG_PIN("  Heating State Pin: ", this->heating_state_pin_);
   LOG_PIN("  Cooling State Pin: ", this->cooling_state_pin_);
-  if (this->eco_id_.has_value()) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Eco has datapoint ID %u", *this->eco_id_);
+  auto eco_dp_id = this->eco_id_;
+  if (eco_dp_id.has_value()) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Eco has datapoint ID %u", *eco_dp_id);
   }
-  if (this->sleep_id_.has_value()) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Sleep has datapoint ID %u", *this->sleep_id_);
+  auto sleep_dp_id = this->sleep_id_;
+  if (sleep_dp_id.has_value()) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Sleep has datapoint ID %u", *sleep_dp_id);
   }
-  if (this->swing_vertical_id_.has_value()) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Swing Vertical has datapoint ID %u", *this->swing_vertical_id_);
+  auto swing_vert_dp_id = this->swing_vertical_id_;
+  if (swing_vert_dp_id.has_value()) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Swing Vertical has datapoint ID %u", *swing_vert_dp_id);
   }
-  if (this->swing_horizontal_id_.has_value()) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Swing Horizontal has datapoint ID %u", *this->swing_horizontal_id_);
+  auto swing_horiz_dp_id = this->swing_horizontal_id_;
+  if (swing_horiz_dp_id.has_value()) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Swing Horizontal has datapoint ID %u", *swing_horiz_dp_id);
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/tuya/cover/tuya_cover.cpp b/esphome/components/tuya/cover/tuya_cover.cpp
index 14bf937cf7..125afec048 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tuya/cover/tuya_cover.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/tuya/cover/tuya_cover.cpp
@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@ void TuyaCover::setup() {
     }
   });
 
+  if (!this->position_id_.has_value()) {
+    return;
+  }
   uint8_t report_id = *this->position_id_;
   if (this->position_report_id_.has_value()) {
     // A position report datapoint is configured; listen to that instead.
@@ -60,29 +63,30 @@ void TuyaCover::control(const cover::CoverCall &call) {
   if (call.get_stop()) {
     if (this->control_id_.has_value()) {
       this->parent_->force_set_enum_datapoint_value(*this->control_id_, COMMAND_STOP);
-    } else {
+    } else if (this->position_id_.has_value()) {
       auto pos = this->position;
       pos = this->invert_position_report_ ? pos : 1.0f - pos;
       auto position_int = static_cast<uint32_t>(pos * this->value_range_);
       position_int = position_int + this->min_value_;
 
-      parent_->force_set_integer_datapoint_value(*this->position_id_, position_int);
+      this->parent_->force_set_integer_datapoint_value(*this->position_id_, position_int);
     }
   }
-  if (call.get_position().has_value()) {
-    auto pos = *call.get_position();
+  auto pos_opt = call.get_position();
+  if (pos_opt.has_value()) {
+    auto pos = *pos_opt;
     if (this->control_id_.has_value() && (pos == COVER_OPEN || pos == COVER_CLOSED)) {
       if (pos == COVER_OPEN) {
         this->parent_->force_set_enum_datapoint_value(*this->control_id_, COMMAND_OPEN);
       } else {
         this->parent_->force_set_enum_datapoint_value(*this->control_id_, COMMAND_CLOSE);
       }
-    } else {
+    } else if (this->position_id_.has_value()) {
       pos = this->invert_position_report_ ? pos : 1.0f - pos;
       auto position_int = static_cast<uint32_t>(pos * this->value_range_);
       position_int = position_int + this->min_value_;
 
-      parent_->force_set_integer_datapoint_value(*this->position_id_, position_int);
+      this->parent_->force_set_integer_datapoint_value(*this->position_id_, position_int);
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/tuya/fan/tuya_fan.cpp b/esphome/components/tuya/fan/tuya_fan.cpp
index 9b132e0de6..a387606b77 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tuya/fan/tuya_fan.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/tuya/fan/tuya_fan.cpp
@@ -7,8 +7,9 @@ namespace tuya {
 static const char *const TAG = "tuya.fan";
 
 void TuyaFan::setup() {
-  if (this->speed_id_.has_value()) {
-    this->parent_->register_listener(*this->speed_id_, [this](const TuyaDatapoint &datapoint) {
+  auto speed_id = this->speed_id_;
+  if (speed_id.has_value()) {
+    this->parent_->register_listener(*speed_id, [this](const TuyaDatapoint &datapoint) {
       if (datapoint.type == TuyaDatapointType::ENUM) {
         ESP_LOGV(TAG, "MCU reported speed of: %d", datapoint.value_enum);
         if (datapoint.value_enum >= this->speed_count_) {
@@ -25,15 +26,17 @@ void TuyaFan::setup() {
       this->speed_type_ = datapoint.type;
     });
   }
-  if (this->switch_id_.has_value()) {
-    this->parent_->register_listener(*this->switch_id_, [this](const TuyaDatapoint &datapoint) {
+  auto switch_id = this->switch_id_;
+  if (switch_id.has_value()) {
+    this->parent_->register_listener(*switch_id, [this](const TuyaDatapoint &datapoint) {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "MCU reported switch is: %s", ONOFF(datapoint.value_bool));
       this->state = datapoint.value_bool;
       this->publish_state();
     });
   }
-  if (this->oscillation_id_.has_value()) {
-    this->parent_->register_listener(*this->oscillation_id_, [this](const TuyaDatapoint &datapoint) {
+  auto oscillation_id = this->oscillation_id_;
+  if (oscillation_id.has_value()) {
+    this->parent_->register_listener(*oscillation_id, [this](const TuyaDatapoint &datapoint) {
       // Whether data type is BOOL or ENUM, it will still be a 1 or a 0, so the functions below are valid in both
       // scenarios
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "MCU reported oscillation is: %s", ONOFF(datapoint.value_bool));
@@ -43,8 +46,9 @@ void TuyaFan::setup() {
       this->oscillation_type_ = datapoint.type;
     });
   }
-  if (this->direction_id_.has_value()) {
-    this->parent_->register_listener(*this->direction_id_, [this](const TuyaDatapoint &datapoint) {
+  auto direction_id = this->direction_id_;
+  if (direction_id.has_value()) {
+    this->parent_->register_listener(*direction_id, [this](const TuyaDatapoint &datapoint) {
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "MCU reported reverse direction is: %s", ONOFF(datapoint.value_bool));
       this->direction = datapoint.value_bool ? fan::FanDirection::REVERSE : fan::FanDirection::FORWARD;
       this->publish_state();
@@ -60,17 +64,21 @@ void TuyaFan::setup() {
 
 void TuyaFan::dump_config() {
   LOG_FAN("", "Tuya Fan", this);
-  if (this->speed_id_.has_value()) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Speed has datapoint ID %u", *this->speed_id_);
+  auto speed_dp_id = this->speed_id_;
+  if (speed_dp_id.has_value()) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Speed has datapoint ID %u", *speed_dp_id);
   }
-  if (this->switch_id_.has_value()) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Switch has datapoint ID %u", *this->switch_id_);
+  auto switch_dp_id = this->switch_id_;
+  if (switch_dp_id.has_value()) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Switch has datapoint ID %u", *switch_dp_id);
   }
-  if (this->oscillation_id_.has_value()) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Oscillation has datapoint ID %u", *this->oscillation_id_);
+  auto oscillation_dp_id = this->oscillation_id_;
+  if (oscillation_dp_id.has_value()) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Oscillation has datapoint ID %u", *oscillation_dp_id);
   }
-  if (this->direction_id_.has_value()) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Direction has datapoint ID %u", *this->direction_id_);
+  auto direction_dp_id = this->direction_id_;
+  if (direction_dp_id.has_value()) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Direction has datapoint ID %u", *direction_dp_id);
   }
 }
 
@@ -80,25 +88,41 @@ fan::FanTraits TuyaFan::get_traits() {
 }
 
 void TuyaFan::control(const fan::FanCall &call) {
-  if (this->switch_id_.has_value() && call.get_state().has_value()) {
-    this->parent_->set_boolean_datapoint_value(*this->switch_id_, *call.get_state());
-  }
-  if (this->oscillation_id_.has_value() && call.get_oscillating().has_value()) {
-    if (this->oscillation_type_ == TuyaDatapointType::ENUM) {
-      this->parent_->set_enum_datapoint_value(*this->oscillation_id_, *call.get_oscillating());
-    } else if (this->oscillation_type_ == TuyaDatapointType::BOOLEAN) {
-      this->parent_->set_boolean_datapoint_value(*this->oscillation_id_, *call.get_oscillating());
+  auto switch_id = this->switch_id_;
+  if (switch_id.has_value()) {
+    auto state = call.get_state();
+    if (state.has_value()) {
+      this->parent_->set_boolean_datapoint_value(*switch_id, *state);
     }
   }
-  if (this->direction_id_.has_value() && call.get_direction().has_value()) {
-    bool enable = *call.get_direction() == fan::FanDirection::REVERSE;
-    this->parent_->set_enum_datapoint_value(*this->direction_id_, enable);
+  auto osc_id = this->oscillation_id_;
+  if (osc_id.has_value()) {
+    auto oscillating = call.get_oscillating();
+    if (oscillating.has_value()) {
+      if (this->oscillation_type_ == TuyaDatapointType::ENUM) {
+        this->parent_->set_enum_datapoint_value(*osc_id, *oscillating);
+      } else if (this->oscillation_type_ == TuyaDatapointType::BOOLEAN) {
+        this->parent_->set_boolean_datapoint_value(*osc_id, *oscillating);
+      }
+    }
   }
-  if (this->speed_id_.has_value() && call.get_speed().has_value()) {
-    if (this->speed_type_ == TuyaDatapointType::ENUM) {
-      this->parent_->set_enum_datapoint_value(*this->speed_id_, *call.get_speed() - 1);
-    } else if (this->speed_type_ == TuyaDatapointType::INTEGER) {
-      this->parent_->set_integer_datapoint_value(*this->speed_id_, *call.get_speed());
+  auto dir_id = this->direction_id_;
+  if (dir_id.has_value()) {
+    auto direction = call.get_direction();
+    if (direction.has_value()) {
+      bool enable = *direction == fan::FanDirection::REVERSE;
+      this->parent_->set_enum_datapoint_value(*dir_id, enable);
+    }
+  }
+  auto spd_id = this->speed_id_;
+  if (spd_id.has_value()) {
+    auto speed = call.get_speed();
+    if (speed.has_value()) {
+      if (this->speed_type_ == TuyaDatapointType::ENUM) {
+        this->parent_->set_enum_datapoint_value(*spd_id, *speed - 1);
+      } else if (this->speed_type_ == TuyaDatapointType::INTEGER) {
+        this->parent_->set_integer_datapoint_value(*spd_id, *speed);
+      }
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/tuya/light/tuya_light.cpp b/esphome/components/tuya/light/tuya_light.cpp
index 097b3c1af8..620bb88d0b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tuya/light/tuya_light.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/tuya/light/tuya_light.cpp
@@ -57,6 +57,9 @@ void TuyaLight::setup() {
         return;
       }
 
+      if (!this->color_type_.has_value())
+        return;
+
       float red, green, blue;
       switch (*this->color_type_) {
         case TuyaColorType::RGBHSV:
@@ -185,7 +188,7 @@ void TuyaLight::write_state(light::LightState *state) {
     }
   }
 
-  if (this->color_id_.has_value() && (brightness == 0.0f || !color_interlock_)) {
+  if (this->color_id_.has_value() && this->color_type_.has_value() && (brightness == 0.0f || !color_interlock_)) {
     std::string color_value;
     switch (*this->color_type_) {
       case TuyaColorType::RGB: {
diff --git a/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/climate/uponor_smatrix_climate.cpp b/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/climate/uponor_smatrix_climate.cpp
index 4256b01c4e..3eae4d2d96 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/climate/uponor_smatrix_climate.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/climate/uponor_smatrix_climate.cpp
@@ -42,8 +42,9 @@ climate::ClimateTraits UponorSmatrixClimate::traits() {
 }
 
 void UponorSmatrixClimate::control(const climate::ClimateCall &call) {
-  if (call.get_target_temperature().has_value()) {
-    uint16_t temp = celsius_to_raw(*call.get_target_temperature());
+  auto val = call.get_target_temperature();
+  if (val.has_value()) {
+    uint16_t temp = celsius_to_raw(*val);
     if (this->preset == climate::CLIMATE_PRESET_ECO) {
       // During ECO mode, the thermostat automatically substracts the setback value from the setpoint,
       // so we need to add it here first
diff --git a/esphome/components/whirlpool/whirlpool.cpp b/esphome/components/whirlpool/whirlpool.cpp
index 6fe735362d..e9f602e97f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/whirlpool/whirlpool.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/whirlpool/whirlpool.cpp
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ void WhirlpoolClimate::transmit_state() {
   remote_state[3] |= (uint8_t) (temp - this->temperature_min_()) << 4;
 
   // Fan speed
-  switch (this->fan_mode.value()) {
+  switch (this->fan_mode.value_or(climate::CLIMATE_FAN_ON)) {
     case climate::CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH:
       remote_state[2] |= WHIRLPOOL_FAN_HIGH;
       break;
diff --git a/esphome/components/whynter/whynter.cpp b/esphome/components/whynter/whynter.cpp
index 9f57fdb843..003d2e0ba6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/whynter/whynter.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/whynter/whynter.cpp
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ void Whynter::transmit_state() {
   }
   mode_before_ = this->mode;
 
-  switch (this->fan_mode.value()) {
+  switch (this->fan_mode.value_or(climate::CLIMATE_FAN_ON)) {
     case climate::CLIMATE_FAN_LOW:
       remote_state |= FAN_LOW;
       break;
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
index 7d5d0133c1..852ff922f1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
@@ -1094,8 +1094,9 @@ void WiFiComponent::start_connecting(const WiFiAP &ap) {
   }
 
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_WPA2_EAP
-  if (ap.get_eap().has_value()) {
-    EAPAuth eap_config = ap.get_eap().value();
+  auto eap_opt = ap.get_eap();
+  if (eap_opt.has_value()) {
+    EAPAuth eap_config = *eap_opt;
     // clang-format off
     ESP_LOGV(
         TAG,
@@ -1129,8 +1130,9 @@ void WiFiComponent::start_connecting(const WiFiAP &ap) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "  Channel not set");
   }
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_MANUAL_IP
-  if (ap.get_manual_ip().has_value()) {
-    ManualIP m = *ap.get_manual_ip();
+  auto manual_ip = ap.get_manual_ip();
+  if (manual_ip.has_value()) {
+    ManualIP m = *manual_ip;
     char static_ip_buf[network::IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
     char gateway_buf[network::IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
     char subnet_buf[network::IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
index bd6a18a99b..02ce59502b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
@@ -298,9 +298,10 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_connect_(const WiFiAP &ap) {
 
   // setup enterprise authentication if required
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_WPA2_EAP
-  if (ap.get_eap().has_value()) {
+  auto eap_opt = ap.get_eap();
+  if (eap_opt.has_value()) {
     // note: all certificates and keys have to be null terminated. Lengths are appended by +1 to include \0.
-    EAPAuth eap = ap.get_eap().value();
+    EAPAuth eap = *eap_opt;
     ret = wifi_station_set_enterprise_identity((uint8_t *) eap.identity.c_str(), eap.identity.length());
     if (ret) {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "esp_wifi_sta_wpa2_ent_set_identity failed: %d", ret);
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp_idf.cpp
index 734d186205..bf432cea6e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp_idf.cpp
@@ -403,9 +403,10 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_connect_(const WiFiAP &ap) {
 
   // setup enterprise authentication if required
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_WPA2_EAP
-  if (ap.get_eap().has_value()) {
+  auto eap_opt = ap.get_eap();
+  if (eap_opt.has_value()) {
     // note: all certificates and keys have to be null terminated. Lengths are appended by +1 to include \0.
-    EAPAuth eap = ap.get_eap().value();
+    EAPAuth eap = *eap_opt;
 #if (ESP_IDF_VERSION_MAJOR >= 5) && (ESP_IDF_VERSION_MINOR >= 1)
     err = esp_eap_client_set_identity((uint8_t *) eap.identity.c_str(), eap.identity.length());
 #else
diff --git a/esphome/components/yashima/yashima.cpp b/esphome/components/yashima/yashima.cpp
index bf91420620..4a64e6c41c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/yashima/yashima.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/yashima/yashima.cpp
@@ -120,10 +120,12 @@ void YashimaClimate::setup() {
 }
 
 void YashimaClimate::control(const climate::ClimateCall &call) {
-  if (call.get_mode().has_value())
-    this->mode = *call.get_mode();
-  if (call.get_target_temperature().has_value())
-    this->target_temperature = *call.get_target_temperature();
+  auto call_mode = call.get_mode();
+  if (call_mode.has_value())
+    this->mode = *call_mode;
+  auto call_target = call.get_target_temperature();
+  if (call_target.has_value())
+    this->target_temperature = *call_target;
 
   this->transmit_state_();
   this->publish_state();
diff --git a/esphome/components/zhlt01/zhlt01.cpp b/esphome/components/zhlt01/zhlt01.cpp
index 36d1737c14..e5ab5915e4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zhlt01/zhlt01.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/zhlt01/zhlt01.cpp
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ void ZHLT01Climate::transmit_state() {
   ir_message[1] = 0x00;  // Timer off
 
   // Byte 3 : Turbo mode
-  if (this->preset.value() == climate::CLIMATE_PRESET_BOOST) {
+  if (this->preset.value_or(climate::CLIMATE_PRESET_NONE) == climate::CLIMATE_PRESET_BOOST) {
     ir_message[3] = AC1_FAN_TURBO;
   }
 
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ void ZHLT01Climate::transmit_state() {
   }
 
   // -- Fan
-  switch (this->preset.value()) {
+  switch (this->preset.value_or(climate::CLIMATE_PRESET_NONE)) {
     case climate::CLIMATE_PRESET_BOOST:
       ir_message[7] |= AC1_FAN3;
       break;
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ void ZHLT01Climate::transmit_state() {
       ir_message[7] |= AC1_FAN_SILENT;
       break;
     default:
-      switch (this->fan_mode.value()) {
+      switch (this->fan_mode.value_or(climate::CLIMATE_FAN_ON)) {
         case climate::CLIMATE_FAN_LOW:
           ir_message[7] |= AC1_FAN1;
           break;
diff --git a/esphome/core/entity_base.h b/esphome/core/entity_base.h
index 042eebb40f..54d4ae311f 100644
--- a/esphome/core/entity_base.h
+++ b/esphome/core/entity_base.h
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ void log_entity_unit_of_measurement(const char *tag, const char *prefix, const E
 template<typename T> class StatefulEntityBase : public EntityBase {
  public:
   virtual bool has_state() const { return this->state_.has_value(); }
-  virtual const T &get_state() const { return this->state_.value(); }
+  virtual const T &get_state() const { return this->state_.value(); }  // NOLINT(bugprone-unchecked-optional-access)
   virtual T get_state_default(T default_value) const { return this->state_.value_or(default_value); }
   void invalidate_state() { this->set_new_state({}); }
 
diff --git a/esphome/core/optional.h b/esphome/core/optional.h
index 7f9db7817d..88a02aa8b2 100644
--- a/esphome/core/optional.h
+++ b/esphome/core/optional.h
@@ -1,220 +1,12 @@
 #pragma once
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2017 Martin Moene
-//
-// https://github.com/martinmoene/optional-bare
-//
-// This code is licensed under the MIT License (MIT).
-//
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
-//
-// Modified by Otto Winter on 18.05.18
 
-#include <algorithm>
+#include <optional>
 
 namespace esphome {
 
-// type for nullopt
-
-struct nullopt_t {  // NOLINT
-  struct init {};   // NOLINT
-  nullopt_t(init /*unused*/) {}
-};
-
-// extra parenthesis to prevent the most vexing parse:
-
-const nullopt_t nullopt((nullopt_t::init()));  // NOLINT
-
-// Simplistic optional: requires T to be default constructible, copyable.
-
-template<typename T> class optional {  // NOLINT
- private:
-  using safe_bool = void (optional::*)() const;
-
- public:
-  using value_type = T;
-
-  optional() {}
-
-  optional(nullopt_t /*unused*/) {}
-
-  optional(T const &arg) : has_value_(true), value_(arg) {}  // NOLINT
-
-  template<class U> optional(optional<U> const &other) : has_value_(other.has_value()), value_(other.value()) {}
-
-  optional &operator=(nullopt_t /*unused*/) {
-    reset();
-    return *this;
-  }
-  bool operator==(optional<T> const &rhs) const {
-    if (has_value() && rhs.has_value())
-      return value() == rhs.value();
-    return !has_value() && !rhs.has_value();
-  }
-
-  template<class U> optional &operator=(optional<U> const &other) {
-    has_value_ = other.has_value();
-    value_ = other.value();
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  void swap(optional &rhs) noexcept {
-    using std::swap;
-    if (has_value() && rhs.has_value()) {
-      swap(**this, *rhs);
-    } else if (!has_value() && rhs.has_value()) {
-      initialize(*rhs);
-      rhs.reset();
-    } else if (has_value() && !rhs.has_value()) {
-      rhs.initialize(**this);
-      reset();
-    }
-  }
-
-  // observers
-
-  value_type const *operator->() const { return &value_; }
-
-  value_type *operator->() { return &value_; }
-
-  value_type const &operator*() const { return value_; }
-
-  value_type &operator*() { return value_; }
-
-  operator safe_bool() const { return has_value() ? &optional::this_type_does_not_support_comparisons : nullptr; }
-
-  bool has_value() const { return has_value_; }
-
-  value_type const &value() const { return value_; }
-
-  value_type &value() { return value_; }
-
-  template<class U> value_type value_or(U const &v) const { return has_value() ? value() : static_cast<value_type>(v); }
-
-  // modifiers
-
-  void reset() { has_value_ = false; }
-
- private:
-  void this_type_does_not_support_comparisons() const {}  // NOLINT
-
-  template<typename V> void initialize(V const &value) {  // NOLINT
-    value_ = value;
-    has_value_ = true;
-  }
-
-  bool has_value_{false};  // NOLINT
-  value_type value_;       // NOLINT
-};
-
-// Relational operators
-
-template<typename T, typename U> inline bool operator==(optional<T> const &x, optional<U> const &y) {
-  return bool(x) != bool(y) ? false : !bool(x) ? true : *x == *y;
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename U> inline bool operator!=(optional<T> const &x, optional<U> const &y) {
-  return !(x == y);
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename U> inline bool operator<(optional<T> const &x, optional<U> const &y) {
-  return (!y) ? false : (!x) ? true : *x < *y;
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename U> inline bool operator>(optional<T> const &x, optional<U> const &y) { return (y < x); }
-
-template<typename T, typename U> inline bool operator<=(optional<T> const &x, optional<U> const &y) { return !(y < x); }
-
-template<typename T, typename U> inline bool operator>=(optional<T> const &x, optional<U> const &y) { return !(x < y); }
-
-// Comparison with nullopt
-
-template<typename T> inline bool operator==(optional<T> const &x, nullopt_t /*unused*/) { return (!x); }
-
-template<typename T> inline bool operator==(nullopt_t /*unused*/, optional<T> const &x) { return (!x); }
-
-template<typename T> inline bool operator!=(optional<T> const &x, nullopt_t /*unused*/) { return bool(x); }
-
-template<typename T> inline bool operator!=(nullopt_t /*unused*/, optional<T> const &x) { return bool(x); }
-
-template<typename T> inline bool operator<(optional<T> const & /*unused*/, nullopt_t /*unused*/) { return false; }
-
-template<typename T> inline bool operator<(nullopt_t /*unused*/, optional<T> const &x) { return bool(x); }
-
-template<typename T> inline bool operator<=(optional<T> const &x, nullopt_t /*unused*/) { return (!x); }
-
-template<typename T> inline bool operator<=(nullopt_t /*unused*/, optional<T> const & /*unused*/) { return true; }
-
-template<typename T> inline bool operator>(optional<T> const &x, nullopt_t /*unused*/) { return bool(x); }
-
-template<typename T> inline bool operator>(nullopt_t /*unused*/, optional<T> const & /*unused*/) { return false; }
-
-template<typename T> inline bool operator>=(optional<T> const & /*unused*/, nullopt_t /*unused*/) { return true; }
-
-template<typename T> inline bool operator>=(nullopt_t /*unused*/, optional<T> const &x) { return (!x); }
-
-// Comparison with T
-
-template<typename T, typename U> inline bool operator==(optional<T> const &x, U const &v) {
-  return bool(x) ? *x == v : false;
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename U> inline bool operator==(U const &v, optional<T> const &x) {
-  return bool(x) ? v == *x : false;
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename U> inline bool operator!=(optional<T> const &x, U const &v) {
-  return bool(x) ? *x != v : true;
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename U> inline bool operator!=(U const &v, optional<T> const &x) {
-  return bool(x) ? v != *x : true;
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename U> inline bool operator<(optional<T> const &x, U const &v) {
-  return bool(x) ? *x < v : true;
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename U> inline bool operator<(U const &v, optional<T> const &x) {
-  return bool(x) ? v < *x : false;
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename U> inline bool operator<=(optional<T> const &x, U const &v) {
-  return bool(x) ? *x <= v : true;
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename U> inline bool operator<=(U const &v, optional<T> const &x) {
-  return bool(x) ? v <= *x : false;
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename U> inline bool operator>(optional<T> const &x, U const &v) {
-  return bool(x) ? *x > v : false;
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename U> inline bool operator>(U const &v, optional<T> const &x) {
-  return bool(x) ? v > *x : true;
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename U> inline bool operator>=(optional<T> const &x, U const &v) {
-  return bool(x) ? *x >= v : false;
-}
-
-template<typename T, typename U> inline bool operator>=(U const &v, optional<T> const &x) {
-  return bool(x) ? v >= *x : true;
-}
-
-// Specialized algorithms
-
-template<typename T> void swap(optional<T> &x, optional<T> &y) noexcept { x.swap(y); }
-
-// Convenience function to create an optional.
-
-template<typename T> inline optional<T> make_optional(T const &v) { return optional<T>(v); }
+using std::make_optional;
+using std::nullopt;
+using std::nullopt_t;
+using std::optional;
 
 }  // namespace esphome
diff --git a/esphome/cpp_types.py b/esphome/cpp_types.py
index 6d255bc0be..8dd77de843 100644
--- a/esphome/cpp_types.py
+++ b/esphome/cpp_types.py
@@ -31,9 +31,7 @@ Component = esphome_ns.class_("Component")
 ComponentPtr = Component.operator("ptr")
 PollingComponent = esphome_ns.class_("PollingComponent", Component)
 Application = esphome_ns.class_("Application")
-# Create optional with explicit namespace to avoid ambiguity with std::optional
-# The generated code will use esphome::optional instead of just optional
-optional = global_ns.namespace("esphome").class_("optional")
+optional = global_ns.namespace("std").class_("optional")
 arduino_json_ns = global_ns.namespace("ArduinoJson")
 JsonObject = arduino_json_ns.class_("JsonObject")
 JsonObjectConst = arduino_json_ns.class_("JsonObjectConst")
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/text/test_text.py b/tests/component_tests/text/test_text.py
index 6b047bc62f..16f5f980a5 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/text/test_text.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/text/test_text.py
@@ -66,5 +66,20 @@ def test_text_config_lamda_is_set(generate_main):
     main_cpp = generate_main("tests/component_tests/text/test_text.yaml")
 
     # Then
-    assert "it_4->set_template([]() -> esphome::optional<std::string> {" in main_cpp
+    assert "it_4->set_template([]() -> std::optional<std::string> {" in main_cpp
     assert 'return std::string{"Hello"};' in main_cpp
+
+
+def test_esphome_optional_alias_works(generate_main):
+    """
+    Test that esphome::optional alias compiles (backward compatibility)
+    """
+    # Given
+
+    # When
+    main_cpp = generate_main("tests/component_tests/text/test_text.yaml")
+
+    # Then
+    # Codegen emits std::optional, but esphome::optional must also work
+    # via the using alias in esphome/core/optional.h
+    assert "std::optional<std::string>" in main_cpp
diff --git a/tests/components/template/common-base.yaml b/tests/components/template/common-base.yaml
index e9ddfcf43e..ed398b0abd 100644
--- a/tests/components/template/common-base.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/template/common-base.yaml
@@ -28,9 +28,14 @@ esphome:
     # Test C++ API: set_template() with stateless lambda (no captures)
     # NOTE: set_template() is not intended to be a public API, but we test it to ensure it doesn't break.
     - lambda: |-
-        id(template_sens).set_template([]() -> esphome::optional<float> {
+        id(template_sens).set_template([]() -> std::optional<float> {
           return 123.0f;
         });
+    # Test that esphome::optional alias still works for backward compatibility
+    - lambda: |-
+        id(template_sens).set_template([]() -> esphome::optional<float> {
+          return 42.0f;
+        });
 
     - datetime.date.set:
         id: test_date

From 8911d9d28f1adb2414f67a00c0035295e554f388 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kevin Ahrendt <kevin.ahrendt@openhomefoundation.org>
Date: Tue, 3 Mar 2026 19:42:36 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 338/609] [media_source] Clarify threading contract (#14433)

---
 esphome/components/media_source/media_source.h | 10 +++++++---
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/media_source/media_source.h b/esphome/components/media_source/media_source.h
index 688c27134f..f21ba486b8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/media_source/media_source.h
+++ b/esphome/components/media_source/media_source.h
@@ -67,11 +67,13 @@ class MediaSource {
   /// @brief Start playing the given URI
   /// Sources should validate the URI and state, returning false if the source is busy.
   /// The orchestrator is responsible for stopping active sources before starting a new one.
+  /// @note Must only be called from the main loop.
   /// @param uri URI to play; e.g., "http://stream_url"
   /// @return true if playback started successfully, false otherwise
   virtual bool play_uri(const std::string &uri) = 0;
 
-  /// @brief Handle playback commands (pause, stop, next, etc.)
+  /// @brief Handle playback commands; e.g., pause, stop, next, etc.
+  /// @note Must only be called from the main loop.
   /// @param command Command to execute
   virtual void handle_command(MediaSourceCommand command) = 0;
 
@@ -81,7 +83,8 @@ class MediaSource {
 
   // === State Access ===
 
-  /// @brief Get current playback state (must only be called from the main loop)
+  /// @brief Get current playback state
+  /// @note Must only be called from the main loop.
   /// @return Current state of this source
   MediaSourceState get_state() const { return this->state_; }
 
@@ -136,9 +139,10 @@ class MediaSource {
   virtual void notify_audio_played(uint32_t frames, int64_t timestamp) {}
 
  protected:
-  /// @brief Update state and notify listener (must only be called from the main loop)
+  /// @brief Update state and notify listener
   /// This is the only way to change state_, ensuring listener notifications always fire.
   /// Sources running FreeRTOS tasks should signal via event groups and call this from loop().
+  /// @note Must only be called from the main loop.
   /// @param state New state to set
   void set_state_(MediaSourceState state) {
     if (this->state_ != state) {

From cba34e770e8077f95305bdbbf5352def17d58dcf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tilman Vogel <tilman.vogel@web.de>
Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2026 03:18:36 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 339/609] [core] improve help text for --device option, mention
 `OTA` (#14445)

Co-authored-by: Jesse Hills <3060199+jesserockz@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/__main__.py | 7 ++++---
 esphome/const.py    | 3 +++
 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/__main__.py b/esphome/__main__.py
index ffedb90bde..0164e2eeb3 100644
--- a/esphome/__main__.py
+++ b/esphome/__main__.py
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.config import iter_component_configs, read_config, strip_default_ids
 from esphome.const import (
     ALLOWED_NAME_CHARS,
+    ARGUMENT_HELP_DEVICE,
     CONF_API,
     CONF_BAUD_RATE,
     CONF_BROKER,
@@ -1367,7 +1368,7 @@ def parse_args(argv):
     parser_upload.add_argument(
         "--device",
         action="append",
-        help="Manually specify the serial port/address to use, for example /dev/ttyUSB0. Can be specified multiple times for fallback addresses.",
+        help=ARGUMENT_HELP_DEVICE,
     )
     parser_upload.add_argument(
         "--upload_speed",
@@ -1390,7 +1391,7 @@ def parse_args(argv):
     parser_logs.add_argument(
         "--device",
         action="append",
-        help="Manually specify the serial port/address to use, for example /dev/ttyUSB0. Can be specified multiple times for fallback addresses.",
+        help=ARGUMENT_HELP_DEVICE,
     )
     parser_logs.add_argument(
         "--reset",
@@ -1420,7 +1421,7 @@ def parse_args(argv):
     parser_run.add_argument(
         "--device",
         action="append",
-        help="Manually specify the serial port/address to use, for example /dev/ttyUSB0. Can be specified multiple times for fallback addresses.",
+        help=ARGUMENT_HELP_DEVICE,
     )
     parser_run.add_argument(
         "--upload_speed",
diff --git a/esphome/const.py b/esphome/const.py
index d5625f6a54..060e962573 100644
--- a/esphome/const.py
+++ b/esphome/const.py
@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ VALID_SUBSTITUTIONS_CHARACTERS = (
     "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789_"
 )
 
+# CLI Help Text Constants
+ARGUMENT_HELP_DEVICE = "Manually specify the serial port/address to use, for example /dev/ttyUSB0. Can be specified multiple times for fallback addresses. Use 'OTA' for resolving from MQTT, DNS or mDNS and avoiding the interactive prompt."
+
 
 class Platform(StrEnum):
     """Platform identifiers for ESPHome."""

From 37146ff565aa239338948401b8493210af6ba5da Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: JiriPrchal <163323169+JiriPrchal@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2026 15:00:09 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 340/609] [integration] Add set method to publish and save
 sensor value (#13316)

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci-lite[bot] <117423508+pre-commit-ci-lite[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .../integration/integration_sensor.h          | 13 ++++++----
 esphome/components/integration/sensor.py      | 25 +++++++++++++++++--
 .../components/integration/common-esp32.yaml  | 10 ++++++++
 3 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/integration/integration_sensor.h b/esphome/components/integration/integration_sensor.h
index f075d163fe..6c4ef7049b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/integration/integration_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/integration/integration_sensor.h
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ class IntegrationSensor : public sensor::Sensor, public Component {
   void set_method(IntegrationMethod method) { method_ = method; }
   void set_restore(bool restore) { restore_ = restore; }
   void reset() { this->publish_and_save_(0.0f); }
+  void set_value(float value) { this->publish_and_save_(value); }
 
  protected:
   void process_sensor_value_(float value);
@@ -71,14 +72,16 @@ class IntegrationSensor : public sensor::Sensor, public Component {
   float last_value_{0.0f};
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class ResetAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class ResetAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<IntegrationSensor> {
  public:
-  explicit ResetAction(IntegrationSensor *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
-
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->reset(); }
+};
 
- protected:
-  IntegrationSensor *parent_;
+template<typename... Ts> class SetValueAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<IntegrationSensor> {
+ public:
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, value)
+
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_value(this->value_.value(x...)); }
 };
 
 }  // namespace integration
diff --git a/esphome/components/integration/sensor.py b/esphome/components/integration/sensor.py
index 3c04a338dd..2676638556 100644
--- a/esphome/components/integration/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/integration/sensor.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_RESTORE,
     CONF_SENSOR,
     CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT,
+    CONF_VALUE,
 )
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
 
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ IntegrationSensor = integration_ns.class_(
     "IntegrationSensor", sensor.Sensor, cg.Component
 )
 ResetAction = integration_ns.class_("ResetAction", automation.Action)
+SetValueAction = integration_ns.class_("SetValueAction", automation.Action)
 
 IntegrationSensorTime = integration_ns.enum("IntegrationSensorTime")
 INTEGRATION_TIMES = {
@@ -111,5 +113,24 @@ async def to_code(config):
     ),
 )
 async def sensor_integration_reset_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
-    paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
-    return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
+    return var
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "sensor.integration.set_value",
+    SetValueAction,
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(IntegrationSensor),
+            cv.Required(CONF_VALUE): cv.templatable(cv.float_),
+        }
+    ),
+)
+async def sensor_integration_set_value_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
+    template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_VALUE], args, float)
+    cg.add(var.set_value(template_))
+    return var
diff --git a/tests/components/integration/common-esp32.yaml b/tests/components/integration/common-esp32.yaml
index 248106fd60..26550d3c5c 100644
--- a/tests/components/integration/common-esp32.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/integration/common-esp32.yaml
@@ -1,9 +1,19 @@
+esphome:
+  on_boot:
+    then:
+      - sensor.integration.reset:
+          id: integration_sensor
+      - sensor.integration.set_value:
+          id: integration_sensor
+          value: 100.0
+
 sensor:
   - platform: adc
     id: my_sensor
     pin: ${pin}
     attenuation: 12db
   - platform: integration
+    id: integration_sensor
     sensor: my_sensor
     name: Integration Sensor
     time_unit: s

From 065773ed4c3e84243e483409aefba0403c92f9a4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2026 07:17:28 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 341/609] [runtime_stats] Use micros() for accurate
 per-component timing (#14452)

---
 .../runtime_stats/runtime_stats.cpp           | 22 ++++----
 .../components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.h  | 56 +++++++++----------
 esphome/core/component.cpp                    |  7 ++-
 esphome/core/component.h                      | 16 +++++-
 4 files changed, 60 insertions(+), 41 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.cpp b/esphome/components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.cpp
index 410695da04..d9fa22d949 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.cpp
@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@ RuntimeStatsCollector::RuntimeStatsCollector() : log_interval_(60000), next_log_
   global_runtime_stats = this;
 }
 
-void RuntimeStatsCollector::record_component_time(Component *component, uint32_t duration_ms, uint32_t current_time) {
+void RuntimeStatsCollector::record_component_time(Component *component, uint32_t duration_us, uint32_t current_time) {
   if (component == nullptr)
     return;
 
   // Record stats using component pointer as key
-  this->component_stats_[component].record_time(duration_ms);
+  this->component_stats_[component].record_time(duration_us);
 
   if (this->next_log_time_ == 0) {
     this->next_log_time_ = current_time + this->log_interval_;
@@ -58,15 +58,16 @@ void RuntimeStatsCollector::log_stats_() {
 
   // Sort by period runtime (descending)
   std::sort(sorted, sorted + count, [this](Component *a, Component *b) {
-    return this->component_stats_[a].get_period_time_ms() > this->component_stats_[b].get_period_time_ms();
+    return this->component_stats_[a].get_period_time_us() > this->component_stats_[b].get_period_time_us();
   });
 
   // Log top components by period runtime
   for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
     const auto &stats = this->component_stats_[sorted[i]];
-    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "  %s: count=%" PRIu32 ", avg=%.2fms, max=%" PRIu32 "ms, total=%" PRIu32 "ms",
-             LOG_STR_ARG(sorted[i]->get_component_log_str()), stats.get_period_count(), stats.get_period_avg_time_ms(),
-             stats.get_period_max_time_ms(), stats.get_period_time_ms());
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "  %s: count=%" PRIu32 ", avg=%.3fms, max=%.2fms, total=%.1fms",
+             LOG_STR_ARG(sorted[i]->get_component_log_str()), stats.get_period_count(),
+             stats.get_period_avg_time_us() / 1000.0f, stats.get_period_max_time_us() / 1000.0f,
+             stats.get_period_time_us() / 1000.0f);
   }
 
   // Log total stats since boot (only for active components - idle ones haven't changed)
@@ -74,14 +75,15 @@ void RuntimeStatsCollector::log_stats_() {
 
   // Re-sort by total runtime for all-time stats
   std::sort(sorted, sorted + count, [this](Component *a, Component *b) {
-    return this->component_stats_[a].get_total_time_ms() > this->component_stats_[b].get_total_time_ms();
+    return this->component_stats_[a].get_total_time_us() > this->component_stats_[b].get_total_time_us();
   });
 
   for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
     const auto &stats = this->component_stats_[sorted[i]];
-    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "  %s: count=%" PRIu32 ", avg=%.2fms, max=%" PRIu32 "ms, total=%" PRIu32 "ms",
-             LOG_STR_ARG(sorted[i]->get_component_log_str()), stats.get_total_count(), stats.get_total_avg_time_ms(),
-             stats.get_total_max_time_ms(), stats.get_total_time_ms());
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "  %s: count=%" PRIu32 ", avg=%.3fms, max=%.2fms, total=%.1fms",
+             LOG_STR_ARG(sorted[i]->get_component_log_str()), stats.get_total_count(),
+             stats.get_total_avg_time_us() / 1000.0f, stats.get_total_max_time_us() / 1000.0f,
+             stats.get_total_time_us() / 1000.0);
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.h b/esphome/components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.h
index c7fea7474b..0847529720 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.h
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.h
@@ -22,58 +22,58 @@ class ComponentRuntimeStats {
  public:
   ComponentRuntimeStats()
       : period_count_(0),
-        period_time_ms_(0),
-        period_max_time_ms_(0),
+        period_time_us_(0),
+        period_max_time_us_(0),
         total_count_(0),
-        total_time_ms_(0),
-        total_max_time_ms_(0) {}
+        total_time_us_(0),
+        total_max_time_us_(0) {}
 
-  void record_time(uint32_t duration_ms) {
+  void record_time(uint32_t duration_us) {
     // Update period counters
     this->period_count_++;
-    this->period_time_ms_ += duration_ms;
-    if (duration_ms > this->period_max_time_ms_)
-      this->period_max_time_ms_ = duration_ms;
+    this->period_time_us_ += duration_us;
+    if (duration_us > this->period_max_time_us_)
+      this->period_max_time_us_ = duration_us;
 
-    // Update total counters
+    // Update total counters (uint64_t to avoid overflow — uint32_t would overflow after ~10 hours)
     this->total_count_++;
-    this->total_time_ms_ += duration_ms;
-    if (duration_ms > this->total_max_time_ms_)
-      this->total_max_time_ms_ = duration_ms;
+    this->total_time_us_ += duration_us;
+    if (duration_us > this->total_max_time_us_)
+      this->total_max_time_us_ = duration_us;
   }
 
   void reset_period_stats() {
     this->period_count_ = 0;
-    this->period_time_ms_ = 0;
-    this->period_max_time_ms_ = 0;
+    this->period_time_us_ = 0;
+    this->period_max_time_us_ = 0;
   }
 
   // Period stats (reset each logging interval)
   uint32_t get_period_count() const { return this->period_count_; }
-  uint32_t get_period_time_ms() const { return this->period_time_ms_; }
-  uint32_t get_period_max_time_ms() const { return this->period_max_time_ms_; }
-  float get_period_avg_time_ms() const {
-    return this->period_count_ > 0 ? this->period_time_ms_ / static_cast<float>(this->period_count_) : 0.0f;
+  uint32_t get_period_time_us() const { return this->period_time_us_; }
+  uint32_t get_period_max_time_us() const { return this->period_max_time_us_; }
+  float get_period_avg_time_us() const {
+    return this->period_count_ > 0 ? this->period_time_us_ / static_cast<float>(this->period_count_) : 0.0f;
   }
 
-  // Total stats (persistent until reboot)
+  // Total stats (persistent until reboot, uint64_t to avoid overflow)
   uint32_t get_total_count() const { return this->total_count_; }
-  uint32_t get_total_time_ms() const { return this->total_time_ms_; }
-  uint32_t get_total_max_time_ms() const { return this->total_max_time_ms_; }
-  float get_total_avg_time_ms() const {
-    return this->total_count_ > 0 ? this->total_time_ms_ / static_cast<float>(this->total_count_) : 0.0f;
+  uint64_t get_total_time_us() const { return this->total_time_us_; }
+  uint32_t get_total_max_time_us() const { return this->total_max_time_us_; }
+  float get_total_avg_time_us() const {
+    return this->total_count_ > 0 ? this->total_time_us_ / static_cast<float>(this->total_count_) : 0.0f;
   }
 
  protected:
   // Period stats (reset each logging interval)
   uint32_t period_count_;
-  uint32_t period_time_ms_;
-  uint32_t period_max_time_ms_;
+  uint32_t period_time_us_;
+  uint32_t period_max_time_us_;
 
   // Total stats (persistent until reboot)
   uint32_t total_count_;
-  uint32_t total_time_ms_;
-  uint32_t total_max_time_ms_;
+  uint64_t total_time_us_;
+  uint32_t total_max_time_us_;
 };
 
 class RuntimeStatsCollector {
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ class RuntimeStatsCollector {
   void set_log_interval(uint32_t log_interval) { this->log_interval_ = log_interval; }
   uint32_t get_log_interval() const { return this->log_interval_; }
 
-  void record_component_time(Component *component, uint32_t duration_ms, uint32_t current_time);
+  void record_component_time(Component *component, uint32_t duration_us, uint32_t current_time);
 
   // Process any pending stats printing (should be called after component loop)
   void process_pending_stats(uint32_t current_time);
diff --git a/esphome/core/component.cpp b/esphome/core/component.cpp
index 4ccc747819..8c2c8d38e8 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/component.cpp
@@ -529,9 +529,12 @@ uint32_t WarnIfComponentBlockingGuard::finish() {
   uint32_t curr_time = millis();
   uint32_t blocking_time = curr_time - this->started_;
 #ifdef USE_RUNTIME_STATS
-  // Record component runtime stats
+  // Use micros() for accurate sub-millisecond timing. millis() has insufficient
+  // resolution — most components complete in microseconds but millis() only has
+  // 1ms granularity, so results were essentially random noise.
   if (global_runtime_stats != nullptr) {
-    global_runtime_stats->record_component_time(this->component_, blocking_time, curr_time);
+    uint32_t duration_us = micros() - this->started_us_;
+    global_runtime_stats->record_component_time(this->component_, duration_us, curr_time);
   }
 #endif
   if (blocking_time > WARN_IF_BLOCKING_OVER_MS) {
diff --git a/esphome/core/component.h b/esphome/core/component.h
index e5127b0c9f..59222dc4f4 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component.h
+++ b/esphome/core/component.h
@@ -563,10 +563,21 @@ class PollingComponent : public Component {
   uint32_t update_interval_;
 };
 
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_STATS
+uint32_t micros();  // Forward declare for inline constructor
+#endif
+
 class WarnIfComponentBlockingGuard {
  public:
   WarnIfComponentBlockingGuard(Component *component, uint32_t start_time)
-      : started_(start_time), component_(component) {}
+      : started_(start_time),
+        component_(component)
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_STATS
+        ,
+        started_us_(micros())
+#endif
+  {
+  }
 
   // Finish the timing operation and return the current time
   uint32_t finish();
@@ -576,6 +587,9 @@ class WarnIfComponentBlockingGuard {
  protected:
   uint32_t started_;
   Component *component_;
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_STATS
+  uint32_t started_us_;
+#endif
 };
 
 // Function to clear setup priority overrides after all components are set up

From ac19d05db26a891b6dd0d4301b8e8321f9c48fe0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2026 07:17:41 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 342/609] [core] Call loop() directly in main loop, bypass
 call() indirection (#14451)

---
 esphome/core/application.cpp | 10 +++++++++-
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/application.cpp b/esphome/core/application.cpp
index 8c2ba58c86..db1c8a0c0a 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/application.cpp
@@ -153,6 +153,14 @@ void Application::setup() {
   this->setup_wake_loop_threadsafe_();
 #endif
 
+  // Ensure all active looping components are in LOOP state.
+  // Components after the last blocking component only got one call() during setup
+  // (CONSTRUCTION→SETUP) and never received the second call() (SETUP→LOOP).
+  // The main loop calls loop() directly, bypassing call()'s state machine.
+  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < this->looping_components_active_end_; i++) {
+    this->looping_components_[i]->set_component_state_(COMPONENT_STATE_LOOP);
+  }
+
   this->schedule_dump_config();
 }
 void Application::loop() {
@@ -173,7 +181,7 @@ void Application::loop() {
     {
       this->set_current_component(component);
       WarnIfComponentBlockingGuard guard{component, last_op_end_time};
-      component->call();
+      component->loop();
       // Use the finish method to get the current time as the end time
       last_op_end_time = guard.finish();
     }

From b2e8544c584c29a923a88622a7b7ba10373a761f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2026 07:18:31 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 343/609] [ld2412] Add integration tests with mock UART
 (#14448)

---
 .../fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412.yaml            | 171 ++++++++
 .../uart_mock_ld2412_engineering.yaml         | 213 +++++++++
 tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2412.py    | 407 ++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 791 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412_engineering.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2412.py

diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a502f36a25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-ld2412-test
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Dummy uart entry to satisfy ld2412's DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+# The actual UART bus used is the uart_mock component below
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+uart_mock:
+  id: mock_uart
+  baud_rate: 256000
+  injections:
+    # Phase 1 (t=100ms): Valid LD2412 normal mode data frame - happy path
+    # The buffer is clean at this point, so this frame should parse correctly.
+    # Moving target: 100cm, energy 50
+    # Still target: 120cm, energy 25
+    # Target state: 0x03 (moving + still)
+    # detection_distance = 100 (LD2412 computes from moving target when MOVE_BITMASK set)
+    #
+    # Frame layout (24 bytes):
+    #   [0-3]   F4 F3 F2 F1 = data frame header
+    #   [4-5]   0D 00       = length 13
+    #   [6]     02          = data type (normal)
+    #   [7]     AA          = data header marker
+    #   [8]     03          = target states (moving+still)
+    #   [9-10]  64 00       = moving distance 100 (0x0064)
+    #   [11]    32          = moving energy 50
+    #   [12-13] 78 00       = still distance 120 (0x0078)
+    #   [14]    19          = still energy 25
+    #   [15-16] 64 00       = detect distance bytes (ignored by LD2412 code)
+    #   [17]    00          = padding
+    #   [18]    55          = data footer marker
+    #   [19]    00          = CRC/check
+    #   [20-23] F8 F7 F6 F5 = data frame footer
+    - delay: 100ms
+      inject_rx:
+        [
+          0xF4, 0xF3, 0xF2, 0xF1,
+          0x0D, 0x00,
+          0x02, 0xAA,
+          0x03,
+          0x64, 0x00,
+          0x32,
+          0x78, 0x00,
+          0x19,
+          0x64, 0x00,
+          0x00,
+          0x55, 0x00,
+          0xF8, 0xF7, 0xF6, 0xF5,
+        ]
+
+    # Phase 2 (t=300ms): Garbage bytes
+    # LD2412's parser rejects bytes that don't match the frame header at
+    # position 0 (must start with F4 or FD), so buffer stays empty.
+    - delay: 200ms
+      inject_rx: [0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF, 0x00, 0x11, 0x22]
+
+    # Phase 3 (t=400ms): Truncated frame (header + partial data, no footer)
+    # Starts with valid data frame header so parser accepts it.
+    # After this, buffer_pos_ = 8.
+    - delay: 100ms
+      inject_rx: [0xF4, 0xF3, 0xF2, 0xF1, 0x0D, 0x00, 0x02, 0xAA]
+
+    # Phase 4 (t=600ms): Overflow - inject 60 bytes of 0xFF (MAX_LINE_LENGTH=54)
+    # Buffer has 8 bytes from phase 3 (garbage in phase 2 was rejected).
+    # Overflow math: buffer_pos_ starts at 8, overflow triggers when
+    # buffer_pos_ reaches 53 (MAX_LINE_LENGTH - 1). Need 45 more bytes to
+    # fill positions 8-52, then byte 46 triggers overflow. After overflow,
+    # buffer_pos_ = 0 and remaining 0xFF bytes are rejected (don't match header).
+    - delay: 200ms
+      inject_rx:
+        [
+          0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+          0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+          0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+          0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+          0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+          0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+        ]
+
+    # Phase 5 (t=700ms): Valid frame after overflow - recovery test
+    # Buffer was reset by overflow. This valid frame should parse correctly.
+    # Moving target: 50cm, energy 100
+    # Still target: 75cm, energy 80
+    # detection_distance = 50 (moving target distance, since MOVE_BITMASK set)
+    - delay: 100ms
+      inject_rx:
+        [
+          0xF4, 0xF3, 0xF2, 0xF1,
+          0x0D, 0x00,
+          0x02, 0xAA,
+          0x03,
+          0x32, 0x00,
+          0x64,
+          0x4B, 0x00,
+          0x50,
+          0x32, 0x00,
+          0x00,
+          0x55, 0x00,
+          0xF8, 0xF7, 0xF6, 0xF5,
+        ]
+
+ld2412:
+  id: ld2412_dev
+  uart_id: mock_uart
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: ld2412
+    ld2412_id: ld2412_dev
+    moving_distance:
+      name: "Moving Distance"
+      filters:
+        - timeout:
+            timeout: 50ms
+            value: last
+        - throttle_with_priority: 50ms
+    still_distance:
+      name: "Still Distance"
+      filters:
+        - timeout:
+            timeout: 50ms
+            value: last
+        - throttle_with_priority: 50ms
+    moving_energy:
+      name: "Moving Energy"
+      filters:
+        - timeout:
+            timeout: 50ms
+            value: last
+        - throttle_with_priority: 50ms
+    still_energy:
+      name: "Still Energy"
+      filters:
+        - timeout:
+            timeout: 50ms
+            value: last
+        - throttle_with_priority: 50ms
+    detection_distance:
+      name: "Detection Distance"
+      filters:
+        - timeout:
+            timeout: 50ms
+            value: last
+        - throttle_with_priority: 50ms
+
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: ld2412
+    ld2412_id: ld2412_dev
+    has_target:
+      name: "Has Target"
+      filters:
+        - settle: 50ms
+    has_moving_target:
+      name: "Has Moving Target"
+      filters:
+        - settle: 50ms
+    has_still_target:
+      name: "Has Still Target"
+      filters:
+        - settle: 50ms
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412_engineering.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412_engineering.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3c669fc9a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412_engineering.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-ld2412-eng-test
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Dummy uart entry to satisfy ld2412's DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+uart_mock:
+  id: mock_uart
+  baud_rate: 256000
+  injections:
+    # Phase 1 (t=100ms): Valid LD2412 engineering mode data frame
+    #
+    # Engineering mode frame layout (52 bytes):
+    #   [0-3]   F4 F3 F2 F1 = data frame header
+    #   [4-5]   2A 00       = length 42
+    #   [6]     01          = data type (engineering mode)
+    #   [7]     AA          = data header marker
+    #   [8]     03          = target states (moving+still)
+    #   [9-10]  1E 00       = moving distance 30 (0x001E)
+    #   [11]    64          = moving energy 100
+    #   [12-13] 1E 00       = still distance 30 (0x001E)
+    #   [14]    64          = still energy 100
+    #   [15-16] 00 00       = detection distance bytes (ignored)
+    #   [17-30] gate moving energies (14 gates)
+    #   [31-44] gate still energies (14 gates)
+    #   [45]    57          = light sensor value 87
+    #   [46]    55          = data footer marker
+    #   [47]    00          = check
+    #   [48-51] F8 F7 F6 F5 = data frame footer
+    - delay: 100ms
+      inject_rx:
+        [
+          0xF4, 0xF3, 0xF2, 0xF1,
+          0x2A, 0x00,
+          0x01, 0xAA,
+          0x03,
+          0x1E, 0x00,
+          0x64,
+          0x1E, 0x00,
+          0x64,
+          0x00, 0x00,
+          0x64, 0x41, 0x06, 0x0E, 0x2B, 0x16, 0x03, 0x03, 0x07, 0x05, 0x09, 0x08, 0x07, 0x06,
+          0x00, 0x00, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x50, 0x40, 0x30, 0x20, 0x10,
+          0x57,
+          0x55, 0x00,
+          0xF8, 0xF7, 0xF6, 0xF5,
+        ]
+
+    # Phase 2 (t=200ms): Second engineering mode frame with different values
+    # Moving at 73cm, still at 30cm
+    - delay: 100ms
+      inject_rx:
+        [
+          0xF4, 0xF3, 0xF2, 0xF1,
+          0x2A, 0x00,
+          0x01, 0xAA,
+          0x03,
+          0x49, 0x00,
+          0x64,
+          0x1E, 0x00,
+          0x64,
+          0x21, 0x00,
+          0x11, 0x64, 0x05, 0x29, 0x39, 0x10, 0x03, 0x11, 0x0E, 0x08, 0x06, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02,
+          0x00, 0x00, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x50, 0x40, 0x30, 0x20, 0x10,
+          0x57,
+          0x55, 0x00,
+          0xF8, 0xF7, 0xF6, 0xF5,
+        ]
+
+    # Phase 3 (t=300ms): Frame with still target at 291cm (multi-byte distance)
+    # This tests encode_uint16 with high byte > 0
+    # Target state: 0x02 (still only) -> detection_distance = still distance = 291
+    - delay: 100ms
+      inject_rx:
+        [
+          0xF4, 0xF3, 0xF2, 0xF1,
+          0x2A, 0x00,
+          0x01, 0xAA,
+          0x02,
+          0x2F, 0x00,
+          0x36,
+          0x23, 0x01,
+          0x64,
+          0x21, 0x00,
+          0x2F, 0x36, 0x09, 0x0D, 0x15, 0x0B, 0x06, 0x06, 0x08, 0x09, 0x08, 0x07, 0x06, 0x05,
+          0x00, 0x00, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x5A, 0x3D, 0x30, 0x20, 0x10, 0x08, 0x04,
+          0x57,
+          0x55, 0x00,
+          0xF8, 0xF7, 0xF6, 0xF5,
+        ]
+
+ld2412:
+  id: ld2412_dev
+  uart_id: mock_uart
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: ld2412
+    ld2412_id: ld2412_dev
+    moving_distance:
+      name: "Moving Distance"
+      filters:
+        - timeout:
+            timeout: 50ms
+            value: last
+        - throttle_with_priority: 50ms
+    still_distance:
+      name: "Still Distance"
+      filters:
+        - timeout:
+            timeout: 50ms
+            value: last
+        - throttle_with_priority: 50ms
+    moving_energy:
+      name: "Moving Energy"
+      filters:
+        - timeout:
+            timeout: 50ms
+            value: last
+        - throttle_with_priority: 50ms
+    still_energy:
+      name: "Still Energy"
+      filters:
+        - timeout:
+            timeout: 50ms
+            value: last
+        - throttle_with_priority: 50ms
+    detection_distance:
+      name: "Detection Distance"
+      filters:
+        - timeout:
+            timeout: 50ms
+            value: last
+        - throttle_with_priority: 50ms
+    light:
+      name: "Light"
+      filters:
+        - timeout:
+            timeout: 50ms
+            value: last
+        - throttle_with_priority: 50ms
+    gate_0:
+      move_energy:
+        name: "Gate 0 Move Energy"
+        filters:
+          - timeout:
+              timeout: 50ms
+              value: last
+          - throttle_with_priority: 50ms
+      still_energy:
+        name: "Gate 0 Still Energy"
+        filters:
+          - timeout:
+              timeout: 50ms
+              value: last
+          - throttle_with_priority: 50ms
+    gate_1:
+      move_energy:
+        name: "Gate 1 Move Energy"
+        filters:
+          - timeout:
+              timeout: 50ms
+              value: last
+          - throttle_with_priority: 50ms
+      still_energy:
+        name: "Gate 1 Still Energy"
+        filters:
+          - timeout:
+              timeout: 50ms
+              value: last
+          - throttle_with_priority: 50ms
+    gate_2:
+      move_energy:
+        name: "Gate 2 Move Energy"
+        filters:
+          - timeout:
+              timeout: 50ms
+              value: last
+          - throttle_with_priority: 50ms
+      still_energy:
+        name: "Gate 2 Still Energy"
+        filters:
+          - timeout:
+              timeout: 50ms
+              value: last
+          - throttle_with_priority: 50ms
+
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: ld2412
+    ld2412_id: ld2412_dev
+    has_target:
+      name: "Has Target"
+      filters:
+        - settle: 50ms
+    has_moving_target:
+      name: "Has Moving Target"
+      filters:
+        - settle: 50ms
+    has_still_target:
+      name: "Has Still Target"
+      filters:
+        - settle: 50ms
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2412.py b/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2412.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cf7324ceed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2412.py
@@ -0,0 +1,407 @@
+"""Integration test for LD2412 component with mock UART.
+
+Tests:
+test_uart_mock_ld2412 (normal mode):
+  1. Happy path - valid data frame publishes correct sensor values
+  2. Garbage resilience - random bytes don't crash the component
+  3. Truncated frame handling - partial frame doesn't corrupt state
+  4. Buffer overflow recovery - overflow resets the parser
+  5. Post-overflow parsing - next valid frame after overflow is parsed correctly
+  6. TX logging - verifies LD2412 sends expected setup commands
+
+test_uart_mock_ld2412_engineering (engineering mode):
+  1. Engineering mode frames with per-gate energy data and light sensor
+  2. Multi-byte still distance (291cm) using high byte > 0
+  3. Gate energy sensor values
+  4. Detection distance computed from target state
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from aioesphomeapi import (
+    BinarySensorInfo,
+    BinarySensorState,
+    EntityState,
+    SensorInfo,
+    SensorState,
+)
+import pytest
+
+from .state_utils import InitialStateHelper, build_key_to_entity_mapping, find_entity
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_uart_mock_ld2412(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test LD2412 data parsing with happy path, garbage, overflow, and recovery."""
+    # Replace external component path placeholder
+    external_components_path = str(
+        Path(__file__).parent / "fixtures" / "external_components"
+    )
+    yaml_config = yaml_config.replace(
+        "EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH", external_components_path
+    )
+
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+
+    # Track overflow warning in logs
+    overflow_seen = loop.create_future()
+
+    # Track TX data logged by the mock for assertions
+    tx_log_lines: list[str] = []
+
+    def line_callback(line: str) -> None:
+        if "Max command length exceeded" in line and not overflow_seen.done():
+            overflow_seen.set_result(True)
+        # Capture all TX log lines from uart_mock
+        if "uart_mock" in line and "TX " in line:
+            tx_log_lines.append(line)
+
+    # Track sensor state updates (after initial state is swallowed)
+    sensor_states: dict[str, list[float]] = {
+        "moving_distance": [],
+        "still_distance": [],
+        "moving_energy": [],
+        "still_energy": [],
+        "detection_distance": [],
+    }
+    binary_states: dict[str, list[bool]] = {
+        "has_target": [],
+        "has_moving_target": [],
+        "has_still_target": [],
+    }
+
+    # Signal when we see recovery frame values
+    recovery_received = loop.create_future()
+
+    def on_state(state: EntityState) -> None:
+        if isinstance(state, SensorState) and not state.missing_state:
+            sensor_name = key_to_sensor.get(state.key)
+            if sensor_name and sensor_name in sensor_states:
+                sensor_states[sensor_name].append(state.state)
+                # Check if this is the recovery frame (moving_distance = 50)
+                if (
+                    sensor_name == "moving_distance"
+                    and state.state == pytest.approx(50.0)
+                    and not recovery_received.done()
+                ):
+                    recovery_received.set_result(True)
+        elif isinstance(state, BinarySensorState):
+            sensor_name = key_to_sensor.get(state.key)
+            if sensor_name and sensor_name in binary_states:
+                binary_states[sensor_name].append(state.state)
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=line_callback),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        entities, _ = await client.list_entities_services()
+
+        # Build key mappings for all sensor types
+        all_names = list(sensor_states.keys()) + list(binary_states.keys())
+        # Sort by descending length to avoid substring collisions
+        # (e.g., "still_energy" matching "gate_0_still_energy")
+        all_names.sort(key=len, reverse=True)
+        key_to_sensor = build_key_to_entity_mapping(entities, all_names)
+
+        # Set up initial state helper
+        initial_state_helper = InitialStateHelper(entities)
+        client.subscribe_states(initial_state_helper.on_state_wrapper(on_state))
+
+        try:
+            await initial_state_helper.wait_for_initial_states()
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail("Timeout waiting for initial states")
+
+        # Phase 1 values are in the initial states (swallowed by InitialStateHelper).
+        # Verify them via initial_states dict.
+        moving_dist_entity = find_entity(entities, "moving_distance", SensorInfo)
+        assert moving_dist_entity is not None
+        initial_moving = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(moving_dist_entity.key)
+        assert initial_moving is not None and isinstance(initial_moving, SensorState)
+        assert initial_moving.state == pytest.approx(100.0), (
+            f"Initial moving distance should be 100, got {initial_moving.state}"
+        )
+
+        still_dist_entity = find_entity(entities, "still_distance", SensorInfo)
+        assert still_dist_entity is not None
+        initial_still = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(still_dist_entity.key)
+        assert initial_still is not None and isinstance(initial_still, SensorState)
+        assert initial_still.state == pytest.approx(120.0), (
+            f"Initial still distance should be 120, got {initial_still.state}"
+        )
+
+        moving_energy_entity = find_entity(entities, "moving_energy", SensorInfo)
+        assert moving_energy_entity is not None
+        initial_me = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(moving_energy_entity.key)
+        assert initial_me is not None and isinstance(initial_me, SensorState)
+        assert initial_me.state == pytest.approx(50.0), (
+            f"Initial moving energy should be 50, got {initial_me.state}"
+        )
+
+        still_energy_entity = find_entity(entities, "still_energy", SensorInfo)
+        assert still_energy_entity is not None
+        initial_se = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(still_energy_entity.key)
+        assert initial_se is not None and isinstance(initial_se, SensorState)
+        assert initial_se.state == pytest.approx(25.0), (
+            f"Initial still energy should be 25, got {initial_se.state}"
+        )
+
+        # LD2412 detection_distance = moving_distance when MOVE_BITMASK is set
+        detect_dist_entity = find_entity(entities, "detection_distance", SensorInfo)
+        assert detect_dist_entity is not None
+        initial_dd = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(detect_dist_entity.key)
+        assert initial_dd is not None and isinstance(initial_dd, SensorState)
+        assert initial_dd.state == pytest.approx(100.0), (
+            f"Initial detection distance should be 100, got {initial_dd.state}"
+        )
+
+        # Wait for the recovery frame (Phase 5) to be parsed
+        # This proves the component survived garbage + truncated + overflow
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(recovery_received, timeout=3.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(
+                f"Timeout waiting for recovery frame. Received sensor states:\n"
+                f"  moving_distance: {sensor_states['moving_distance']}\n"
+                f"  still_distance: {sensor_states['still_distance']}\n"
+                f"  moving_energy: {sensor_states['moving_energy']}\n"
+                f"  still_energy: {sensor_states['still_energy']}\n"
+                f"  detection_distance: {sensor_states['detection_distance']}"
+            )
+
+        # Verify overflow warning was logged
+        assert overflow_seen.done(), (
+            "Expected 'Max command length exceeded' warning in logs"
+        )
+
+        # Verify LD2412 sent setup commands (TX logging)
+        assert len(tx_log_lines) > 0, "Expected TX log lines from uart_mock"
+        tx_data = " ".join(tx_log_lines)
+        # Verify command frame header appears (FD:FC:FB:FA)
+        assert "FD:FC:FB:FA" in tx_data, (
+            "Expected LD2412 command frame header FD:FC:FB:FA in TX log"
+        )
+        # Verify command frame footer appears (04:03:02:01)
+        assert "04:03:02:01" in tx_data, (
+            "Expected LD2412 command frame footer 04:03:02:01 in TX log"
+        )
+
+        # Recovery frame values (Phase 5, after overflow)
+        assert len(sensor_states["moving_distance"]) >= 1, (
+            f"Expected recovery moving_distance, got: {sensor_states['moving_distance']}"
+        )
+        # Find the recovery value (moving_distance = 50)
+        recovery_values = [
+            v for v in sensor_states["moving_distance"] if v == pytest.approx(50.0)
+        ]
+        assert len(recovery_values) >= 1, (
+            f"Expected moving_distance=50 in recovery, got: {sensor_states['moving_distance']}"
+        )
+
+        # Recovery frame: moving=50, still=75, energy=100/80, detect=50
+        recovery_idx = next(
+            i
+            for i, v in enumerate(sensor_states["moving_distance"])
+            if v == pytest.approx(50.0)
+        )
+        assert sensor_states["still_distance"][recovery_idx] == pytest.approx(75.0), (
+            f"Recovery still distance should be 75, got {sensor_states['still_distance'][recovery_idx]}"
+        )
+        assert sensor_states["moving_energy"][recovery_idx] == pytest.approx(100.0), (
+            f"Recovery moving energy should be 100, got {sensor_states['moving_energy'][recovery_idx]}"
+        )
+        assert sensor_states["still_energy"][recovery_idx] == pytest.approx(80.0), (
+            f"Recovery still energy should be 80, got {sensor_states['still_energy'][recovery_idx]}"
+        )
+        # LD2412 detection_distance = moving_distance when MOVE_BITMASK set
+        assert sensor_states["detection_distance"][recovery_idx] == pytest.approx(
+            50.0
+        ), (
+            f"Recovery detection distance should be 50, got {sensor_states['detection_distance'][recovery_idx]}"
+        )
+
+        # Verify binary sensors detected targets
+        has_target_entity = find_entity(entities, "has_target", BinarySensorInfo)
+        assert has_target_entity is not None
+        initial_ht = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(has_target_entity.key)
+        assert initial_ht is not None and isinstance(initial_ht, BinarySensorState)
+        assert initial_ht.state is True, "Has target should be True"
+
+        has_moving_entity = find_entity(entities, "has_moving_target", BinarySensorInfo)
+        assert has_moving_entity is not None
+        initial_hm = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(has_moving_entity.key)
+        assert initial_hm is not None and isinstance(initial_hm, BinarySensorState)
+        assert initial_hm.state is True, "Has moving target should be True"
+
+        has_still_entity = find_entity(entities, "has_still_target", BinarySensorInfo)
+        assert has_still_entity is not None
+        initial_hs = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(has_still_entity.key)
+        assert initial_hs is not None and isinstance(initial_hs, BinarySensorState)
+        assert initial_hs.state is True, "Has still target should be True"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_uart_mock_ld2412_engineering(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test LD2412 engineering mode with per-gate energy, light, and multi-byte distance."""
+    external_components_path = str(
+        Path(__file__).parent / "fixtures" / "external_components"
+    )
+    yaml_config = yaml_config.replace(
+        "EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH", external_components_path
+    )
+
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+
+    # Track sensor state updates (after initial state is swallowed)
+    sensor_states: dict[str, list[float]] = {
+        "moving_distance": [],
+        "still_distance": [],
+        "moving_energy": [],
+        "still_energy": [],
+        "detection_distance": [],
+        "light": [],
+        "gate_0_move_energy": [],
+        "gate_1_move_energy": [],
+        "gate_2_move_energy": [],
+        "gate_0_still_energy": [],
+        "gate_1_still_energy": [],
+        "gate_2_still_energy": [],
+    }
+    binary_states: dict[str, list[bool]] = {
+        "has_target": [],
+        "has_moving_target": [],
+        "has_still_target": [],
+    }
+
+    # Signal when we see Phase 3 frame values
+    phase3_still_received = loop.create_future()
+    phase3_detect_received = loop.create_future()
+
+    def on_state(state: EntityState) -> None:
+        if isinstance(state, SensorState) and not state.missing_state:
+            sensor_name = key_to_sensor.get(state.key)
+            if sensor_name and sensor_name in sensor_states:
+                sensor_states[sensor_name].append(state.state)
+                if (
+                    sensor_name == "still_distance"
+                    and state.state == pytest.approx(291.0)
+                    and not phase3_still_received.done()
+                ):
+                    phase3_still_received.set_result(True)
+                if (
+                    sensor_name == "detection_distance"
+                    and state.state == pytest.approx(291.0)
+                    and not phase3_detect_received.done()
+                ):
+                    phase3_detect_received.set_result(True)
+        elif isinstance(state, BinarySensorState):
+            sensor_name = key_to_sensor.get(state.key)
+            if sensor_name and sensor_name in binary_states:
+                binary_states[sensor_name].append(state.state)
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        entities, _ = await client.list_entities_services()
+
+        all_names = list(sensor_states.keys()) + list(binary_states.keys())
+        # Sort by descending length to avoid substring collisions
+        # (e.g., "still_energy" matching "gate_0_still_energy")
+        all_names.sort(key=len, reverse=True)
+        key_to_sensor = build_key_to_entity_mapping(entities, all_names)
+
+        initial_state_helper = InitialStateHelper(entities)
+        client.subscribe_states(initial_state_helper.on_state_wrapper(on_state))
+
+        try:
+            await initial_state_helper.wait_for_initial_states()
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail("Timeout waiting for initial states")
+
+        # Phase 1 initial values (engineering mode frame):
+        # moving=30, energy=100, still=30, energy=100, detect=30
+        moving_dist_entity = find_entity(entities, "moving_distance", SensorInfo)
+        assert moving_dist_entity is not None
+        initial_moving = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(moving_dist_entity.key)
+        assert initial_moving is not None and isinstance(initial_moving, SensorState)
+        assert initial_moving.state == pytest.approx(30.0), (
+            f"Initial moving distance should be 30, got {initial_moving.state}"
+        )
+
+        still_dist_entity = find_entity(entities, "still_distance", SensorInfo)
+        assert still_dist_entity is not None
+        initial_still = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(still_dist_entity.key)
+        assert initial_still is not None and isinstance(initial_still, SensorState)
+        assert initial_still.state == pytest.approx(30.0), (
+            f"Initial still distance should be 30, got {initial_still.state}"
+        )
+
+        # Verify engineering mode sensors from initial state
+        # Gate 0 moving energy = 0x64 = 100
+        gate0_move_entity = find_entity(entities, "gate_0_move_energy", SensorInfo)
+        assert gate0_move_entity is not None
+        initial_g0m = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(gate0_move_entity.key)
+        assert initial_g0m is not None and isinstance(initial_g0m, SensorState)
+        assert initial_g0m.state == pytest.approx(100.0), (
+            f"Gate 0 move energy should be 100, got {initial_g0m.state}"
+        )
+
+        # Gate 1 moving energy = 0x41 = 65
+        gate1_move_entity = find_entity(entities, "gate_1_move_energy", SensorInfo)
+        assert gate1_move_entity is not None
+        initial_g1m = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(gate1_move_entity.key)
+        assert initial_g1m is not None and isinstance(initial_g1m, SensorState)
+        assert initial_g1m.state == pytest.approx(65.0), (
+            f"Gate 1 move energy should be 65, got {initial_g1m.state}"
+        )
+
+        # Light sensor = 0x57 = 87
+        light_entity = find_entity(entities, "light", SensorInfo)
+        assert light_entity is not None
+        initial_light = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(light_entity.key)
+        assert initial_light is not None and isinstance(initial_light, SensorState)
+        assert initial_light.state == pytest.approx(87.0), (
+            f"Light sensor should be 87, got {initial_light.state}"
+        )
+
+        # Wait for Phase 3 frame: still_distance = 291cm (multi-byte)
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(phase3_still_received, timeout=3.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(
+                f"Timeout waiting for Phase 3 still_distance. Received:\n"
+                f"  still_distance: {sensor_states['still_distance']}\n"
+                f"  moving_distance: {sensor_states['moving_distance']}"
+            )
+
+        assert pytest.approx(291.0) in sensor_states["still_distance"], (
+            f"Expected still_distance=291, got: {sensor_states['still_distance']}"
+        )
+
+        # Wait for Phase 3: detection_distance = 291 (still-only target)
+        # target_state=0x02 so LD2412 uses still_distance for detection_distance.
+        # The throttle_with_priority filter may delay this value.
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(phase3_detect_received, timeout=3.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(
+                f"Timeout waiting for detection_distance=291 (still-only target). "
+                f"Received: {sensor_states['detection_distance']}"
+            )
+
+        assert pytest.approx(291.0) in sensor_states["detection_distance"], (
+            f"Expected detection_distance=291, got: {sensor_states['detection_distance']}"
+        )

From 5ba880f19b967b153340befa1acf271066f8671c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2026 12:57:45 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 344/609] [sx127x] Fix preamble MSB register always written as
 zero (#14457)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/sx127x/sx127x.cpp | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/sx127x/sx127x.cpp b/esphome/components/sx127x/sx127x.cpp
index caf68b6d51..f6aa11b634 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sx127x/sx127x.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sx127x/sx127x.cpp
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ void SX127x::configure_fsk_ook_() {
   } else {
     this->write_register_(REG_PREAMBLE_DETECT, PREAMBLE_DETECTOR_OFF);
   }
-  this->write_register_(REG_PREAMBLE_SIZE_MSB, this->preamble_size_ >> 16);
+  this->write_register_(REG_PREAMBLE_SIZE_MSB, this->preamble_size_ >> 8);
   this->write_register_(REG_PREAMBLE_SIZE_LSB, this->preamble_size_ & 0xFF);
 
   // config sync generation and setup ook threshold
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ void SX127x::configure_lora_() {
 
   // config preamble
   if (this->preamble_size_ >= 6) {
-    this->write_register_(REG_PREAMBLE_LEN_MSB, this->preamble_size_ >> 16);
+    this->write_register_(REG_PREAMBLE_LEN_MSB, this->preamble_size_ >> 8);
     this->write_register_(REG_PREAMBLE_LEN_LSB, this->preamble_size_ & 0xFF);
   }
 

From 9abba79c5429ee9c9c4e9a4f77ca4c67b4a756b2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2026 12:58:24 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 345/609] [remote_base][remote_receiver] Fix OOB access in
 pronto comparison and RMT buffer allocation (#14459)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/remote_base/pronto_protocol.cpp         | 6 +++++-
 esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver_rmt.cpp | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_base/pronto_protocol.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_base/pronto_protocol.cpp
index 43029cbc2f..6903cd4605 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_base/pronto_protocol.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_base/pronto_protocol.cpp
@@ -44,9 +44,13 @@ bool ProntoData::operator==(const ProntoData &rhs) const {
   std::vector<uint16_t> data1 = encode_pronto(data);
   std::vector<uint16_t> data2 = encode_pronto(rhs.data);
 
+  if (data1.size() != data2.size() || data1.empty()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
   uint32_t total_diff = 0;
   // Don't need to check the last one, it's the large gap at the end.
-  for (std::vector<uint16_t>::size_type i = 0; i < data1.size() - 1; ++i) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < data1.size() - 1; ++i) {
     int diff = data2[i] - data1[i];
     diff *= diff;
     if (rhs.delta == -1 && diff > 9)
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver_rmt.cpp b/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver_rmt.cpp
index 357a36d052..96b23bd0f5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver_rmt.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver_rmt.cpp
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ void RemoteReceiverComponent::setup() {
   this->store_.filter_symbols = this->filter_symbols_;
   this->store_.receive_size = this->receive_symbols_ * sizeof(rmt_symbol_word_t);
   this->store_.buffer_size = std::max((event_size + this->store_.receive_size) * 2, this->buffer_size_);
-  this->store_.buffer = new uint8_t[this->buffer_size_];
+  this->store_.buffer = new uint8_t[this->store_.buffer_size];
   error = rmt_receive(this->channel_, (uint8_t *) this->store_.buffer + event_size, this->store_.receive_size,
                       &this->store_.config);
   if (error != ESP_OK) {

From 246a8bff0cb9c2de5a740fe8529f072c609dce51 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2026 12:58:42 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 346/609] [pn7160][pn7150][pn532] Fix tag purge skipping, NDEF
 bounds check, and NDEF length byte order (#14460)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/pn532/pn532_mifare_ultralight.cpp   | 4 ++--
 esphome/components/pn7150/pn7150.cpp                   | 6 +++---
 esphome/components/pn7150/pn7150_mifare_ultralight.cpp | 4 ++--
 esphome/components/pn7160/pn7160.cpp                   | 6 +++---
 esphome/components/pn7160/pn7160_mifare_ultralight.cpp | 4 ++--
 5 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/pn532/pn532_mifare_ultralight.cpp b/esphome/components/pn532/pn532_mifare_ultralight.cpp
index a8a8e2d573..0e0dc1542f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn532/pn532_mifare_ultralight.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pn532/pn532_mifare_ultralight.cpp
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ bool PN532::find_mifare_ultralight_ndef_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &page_3_to_6
                                          uint8_t &message_start_index) {
   const uint8_t p4_offset = nfc::MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT_PAGE_SIZE;  // page 4 will begin 4 bytes into the vector
 
-  if (!(page_3_to_6.size() > p4_offset + 5)) {
+  if (!(page_3_to_6.size() > p4_offset + 6)) {
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ bool PN532::write_mifare_ultralight_tag_(nfc::NfcTagUid &uid, nfc::NdefMessage *
   } else {
     encoded.insert(encoded.begin() + 1, 0xFF);
     encoded.insert(encoded.begin() + 2, (message_length >> 8) & 0xFF);
-    encoded.insert(encoded.begin() + 2, message_length & 0xFF);
+    encoded.insert(encoded.begin() + 3, message_length & 0xFF);
   }
   encoded.push_back(0xFE);
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn7150/pn7150.cpp b/esphome/components/pn7150/pn7150.cpp
index 8c76c8b88c..d68bea41b3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn7150/pn7150.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pn7150/pn7150.cpp
@@ -562,9 +562,9 @@ optional<size_t> PN7150::find_tag_uid_(const nfc::NfcTagUid &uid) {
 }
 
 void PN7150::purge_old_tags_() {
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < this->discovered_endpoint_.size(); i++) {
-    if (millis() - this->discovered_endpoint_[i].last_seen > this->tag_ttl_) {
-      this->erase_tag_(i);
+  for (size_t i = this->discovered_endpoint_.size(); i > 0; i--) {
+    if (millis() - this->discovered_endpoint_[i - 1].last_seen > this->tag_ttl_) {
+      this->erase_tag_(i - 1);
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn7150/pn7150_mifare_ultralight.cpp b/esphome/components/pn7150/pn7150_mifare_ultralight.cpp
index 46f5dba2b7..854ddd1be1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn7150/pn7150_mifare_ultralight.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pn7150/pn7150_mifare_ultralight.cpp
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ uint8_t PN7150::find_mifare_ultralight_ndef_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &page_3_
                                              uint8_t &message_start_index) {
   const uint8_t p4_offset = nfc::MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT_PAGE_SIZE;  // page 4 will begin 4 bytes into the vector
 
-  if (!(page_3_to_6.size() > p4_offset + 5)) {
+  if (!(page_3_to_6.size() > p4_offset + 6)) {
     return nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
   }
 
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ uint8_t PN7150::write_mifare_ultralight_tag_(nfc::NfcTagUid &uid, const std::sha
   } else {
     encoded.insert(encoded.begin() + 1, 0xFF);
     encoded.insert(encoded.begin() + 2, (message_length >> 8) & 0xFF);
-    encoded.insert(encoded.begin() + 2, message_length & 0xFF);
+    encoded.insert(encoded.begin() + 3, message_length & 0xFF);
   }
   encoded.push_back(0xFE);
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn7160/pn7160.cpp b/esphome/components/pn7160/pn7160.cpp
index 3fcd1221a7..5f0f8d0629 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn7160/pn7160.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pn7160/pn7160.cpp
@@ -589,9 +589,9 @@ optional<size_t> PN7160::find_tag_uid_(const nfc::NfcTagUid &uid) {
 }
 
 void PN7160::purge_old_tags_() {
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < this->discovered_endpoint_.size(); i++) {
-    if (millis() - this->discovered_endpoint_[i].last_seen > this->tag_ttl_) {
-      this->erase_tag_(i);
+  for (size_t i = this->discovered_endpoint_.size(); i > 0; i--) {
+    if (millis() - this->discovered_endpoint_[i - 1].last_seen > this->tag_ttl_) {
+      this->erase_tag_(i - 1);
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn7160/pn7160_mifare_ultralight.cpp b/esphome/components/pn7160/pn7160_mifare_ultralight.cpp
index 9dc8d3dd2d..8ca0fa2c11 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn7160/pn7160_mifare_ultralight.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pn7160/pn7160_mifare_ultralight.cpp
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ uint8_t PN7160::find_mifare_ultralight_ndef_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &page_3_
                                              uint8_t &message_start_index) {
   const uint8_t p4_offset = nfc::MIFARE_ULTRALIGHT_PAGE_SIZE;  // page 4 will begin 4 bytes into the vector
 
-  if (!(page_3_to_6.size() > p4_offset + 5)) {
+  if (!(page_3_to_6.size() > p4_offset + 6)) {
     return nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
   }
 
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ uint8_t PN7160::write_mifare_ultralight_tag_(nfc::NfcTagUid &uid, const std::sha
   } else {
     encoded.insert(encoded.begin() + 1, 0xFF);
     encoded.insert(encoded.begin() + 2, (message_length >> 8) & 0xFF);
-    encoded.insert(encoded.begin() + 2, message_length & 0xFF);
+    encoded.insert(encoded.begin() + 3, message_length & 0xFF);
   }
   encoded.push_back(0xFE);
 

From c37ab1de841631dd1802a2abbfde655f49513e12 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2026 12:58:52 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 347/609] [fingerprint_grow] Fix OOB write and uint16 overflow
 (#14462)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .../fingerprint_grow/fingerprint_grow.cpp     | 23 ++++++++++---------
 .../fingerprint_grow/fingerprint_grow.h       |  4 ++--
 2 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/fingerprint_grow/fingerprint_grow.cpp b/esphome/components/fingerprint_grow/fingerprint_grow.cpp
index da4535fc82..a633fbca28 100644
--- a/esphome/components/fingerprint_grow/fingerprint_grow.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/fingerprint_grow/fingerprint_grow.cpp
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ void FingerprintGrowComponent::aura_led_control(uint8_t state, uint8_t speed, ui
   }
 }
 
-uint8_t FingerprintGrowComponent::transfer_(std::vector<uint8_t> *p_data_buffer) {
+uint8_t FingerprintGrowComponent::transfer_(std::vector<uint8_t> &data_buffer) {
   while (this->available())
     this->read();
   this->write((uint8_t) (START_CODE >> 8));
@@ -372,12 +372,12 @@ uint8_t FingerprintGrowComponent::transfer_(std::vector<uint8_t> *p_data_buffer)
   this->write(this->address_[3]);
   this->write(COMMAND);
 
-  uint16_t wire_length = p_data_buffer->size() + 2;
+  uint16_t wire_length = data_buffer.size() + 2;
   this->write((uint8_t) (wire_length >> 8));
   this->write((uint8_t) (wire_length & 0xFF));
 
   uint16_t sum = (wire_length >> 8) + (wire_length & 0xFF) + COMMAND;
-  for (auto data : *p_data_buffer) {
+  for (auto data : data_buffer) {
     this->write(data);
     sum += data;
   }
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ uint8_t FingerprintGrowComponent::transfer_(std::vector<uint8_t> *p_data_buffer)
   this->write((uint8_t) (sum >> 8));
   this->write((uint8_t) (sum & 0xFF));
 
-  p_data_buffer->clear();
+  data_buffer.clear();
 
   uint8_t byte;
   uint16_t idx = 0, length = 0;
@@ -431,9 +431,9 @@ uint8_t FingerprintGrowComponent::transfer_(std::vector<uint8_t> *p_data_buffer)
         length |= byte;
         break;
       default:
-        p_data_buffer->push_back(byte);
+        data_buffer.push_back(byte);
         if ((idx - 8) == length) {
-          switch ((*p_data_buffer)[0]) {
+          switch (data_buffer[0]) {
             case OK:
             case NO_FINGER:
             case IMAGE_FAIL:
@@ -453,25 +453,26 @@ uint8_t FingerprintGrowComponent::transfer_(std::vector<uint8_t> *p_data_buffer)
               ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Reader failed to process request");
               break;
             default:
-              ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unknown response received from reader: 0x%.2X", (*p_data_buffer)[0]);
+              ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unknown response received from reader: 0x%.2X", data_buffer[0]);
               break;
           }
           this->last_transfer_ms_ = millis();
-          return (*p_data_buffer)[0];
+          return data_buffer[0];
         }
         break;
     }
     idx++;
   }
   ESP_LOGE(TAG, "No response received from reader");
-  (*p_data_buffer)[0] = TIMEOUT;
+  data_buffer.clear();
+  data_buffer.push_back(TIMEOUT);
   this->last_transfer_ms_ = millis();
   return TIMEOUT;
 }
 
 uint8_t FingerprintGrowComponent::send_command_() {
   this->sensor_wakeup_();
-  return this->transfer_(&this->data_);
+  return this->transfer_(this->data_);
 }
 
 void FingerprintGrowComponent::sensor_wakeup_() {
@@ -517,7 +518,7 @@ void FingerprintGrowComponent::sensor_wakeup_() {
   std::vector<uint8_t> buffer = {VERIFY_PASSWORD, (uint8_t) (this->password_ >> 24), (uint8_t) (this->password_ >> 16),
                                  (uint8_t) (this->password_ >> 8), (uint8_t) (this->password_ & 0xFF)};
 
-  if (this->transfer_(&buffer) != OK) {
+  if (this->transfer_(buffer) != OK) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Wrong password");
   }
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/fingerprint_grow/fingerprint_grow.h b/esphome/components/fingerprint_grow/fingerprint_grow.h
index 370b26f56a..db9d5ce564 100644
--- a/esphome/components/fingerprint_grow/fingerprint_grow.h
+++ b/esphome/components/fingerprint_grow/fingerprint_grow.h
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ class FingerprintGrowComponent : public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDevic
   bool set_password_();
   bool get_parameters_();
   void get_fingerprint_count_();
-  uint8_t transfer_(std::vector<uint8_t> *p_data_buffer);
+  uint8_t transfer_(std::vector<uint8_t> &data_buffer);
   uint8_t send_command_();
   void sensor_wakeup_();
   void sensor_sleep_();
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ class FingerprintGrowComponent : public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDevic
   bool is_sensor_awake_ = false;
   uint32_t last_transfer_ms_ = 0;
   uint32_t last_aura_led_control_ = 0;
-  uint16_t last_aura_led_duration_ = 0;
+  uint32_t last_aura_led_duration_ = 0;
   uint16_t system_identifier_code_ = 0;
   uint32_t idle_period_to_sleep_ms_ = UINT32_MAX;
   sensor::Sensor *fingerprint_count_sensor_{nullptr};

From 22fc3aab392c8cad0c2d8a74e6074b83e7c17139 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2026 13:19:46 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 348/609] [ld2420] Fix buffer overflows in simple mode, energy
 mode, and calibration (#14458)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.cpp | 25 +++++++++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.cpp b/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.cpp
index f14400d15a..1e671363c9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.cpp
@@ -460,6 +460,10 @@ void LD2420Component::handle_energy_mode_(uint8_t *buffer, int len) {
   uint8_t index = 6;  // Start at presence byte position
   uint16_t range;
   const uint8_t elements = sizeof(this->gate_energy_) / sizeof(this->gate_energy_[0]);
+  if (len < static_cast<int>(index + 1 + sizeof(range) + elements * sizeof(this->gate_energy_[0]))) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Energy frame too short: %d bytes", len);
+    return;
+  }
   this->set_presence_(buffer[index]);
   index++;
   memcpy(&range, &buffer[index], sizeof(range));
@@ -471,8 +475,11 @@ void LD2420Component::handle_energy_mode_(uint8_t *buffer, int len) {
   }
 
   if (this->current_operating_mode == OP_CALIBRATE_MODE) {
-    this->update_radar_data(gate_energy_, sample_number_counter);
-    this->sample_number_counter > CALIBRATE_SAMPLES ? this->sample_number_counter = 0 : this->sample_number_counter++;
+    this->update_radar_data(gate_energy_, this->sample_number_counter);
+    this->sample_number_counter++;
+    if (this->sample_number_counter >= CALIBRATE_SAMPLES) {
+      this->sample_number_counter = 0;
+    }
   }
 
   // Resonable refresh rate for home assistant database size health
@@ -503,22 +510,20 @@ void LD2420Component::handle_simple_mode_(const uint8_t *inbuf, int len) {
   char *endptr{nullptr};
   char outbuf[bufsize]{0};
   while (true) {
-    if (inbuf[pos - 2] == 'O' && inbuf[pos - 1] == 'F' && inbuf[pos] == 'F') {
+    if (pos >= 2 && inbuf[pos - 2] == 'O' && inbuf[pos - 1] == 'F' && inbuf[pos] == 'F') {
       this->set_presence_(false);
-    } else if (inbuf[pos - 1] == 'O' && inbuf[pos] == 'N') {
+    } else if (pos >= 1 && inbuf[pos - 1] == 'O' && inbuf[pos] == 'N') {
       this->set_presence_(true);
     }
     if (inbuf[pos] >= '0' && inbuf[pos] <= '9') {
       if (index < bufsize - 1) {
         outbuf[index++] = inbuf[pos];
-        pos++;
       }
+    }
+    if (pos < len - 1) {
+      pos++;
     } else {
-      if (pos < len - 1) {
-        pos++;
-      } else {
-        break;
-      }
+      break;
     }
   }
   outbuf[index] = '\0';

From 4928e678d1f54ee261789ab283280f317b425357 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kevin Ahrendt <kevin.ahrendt@openhomefoundation.org>
Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2026 13:37:22 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 349/609] [mixer][resampler][speaker] Use core static task
 manager (#14454)

---
 .../mixer/speaker/mixer_speaker.cpp           |  91 +++------------
 .../components/mixer/speaker/mixer_speaker.h  |  18 +--
 .../resampler/speaker/resampler_speaker.cpp   |  60 +---------
 .../resampler/speaker/resampler_speaker.h     |  19 +--
 .../speaker/media_player/audio_pipeline.cpp   | 110 ++++--------------
 .../speaker/media_player/audio_pipeline.h     |  13 +--
 6 files changed, 49 insertions(+), 262 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/mixer_speaker.cpp b/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/mixer_speaker.cpp
index 100acbebc3..8e1278206f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/mixer_speaker.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/mixer_speaker.cpp
@@ -438,24 +438,14 @@ void MixerSpeaker::loop() {
   // Handle pending start request
   if (event_group_bits & MIXER_TASK_COMMAND_START) {
     // Only start the task if it's fully stopped and cleaned up
-    if (!this->status_has_error() && (this->task_handle_ == nullptr) && (this->task_stack_buffer_ == nullptr)) {
-      esp_err_t err = this->start_task_();
-      switch (err) {
-        case ESP_OK:
-          xEventGroupClearBits(this->event_group_, MIXER_TASK_COMMAND_START);
-          break;
-        case ESP_ERR_NO_MEM:
-          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to start; retrying in 1 second");
-          this->status_momentary_error("memory-failure", 1000);
-          return;
-        case ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE:
-          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to start; retrying in 1 second");
-          this->status_momentary_error("task-failure", 1000);
-          return;
-        default:
-          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to start; retrying in 1 second");
-          this->status_momentary_error("failure", 1000);
-          return;
+    if (!this->status_has_error() && !this->task_.is_created()) {
+      if (this->task_.create(audio_mixer_task, "mixer", TASK_STACK_SIZE, (void *) this, MIXER_TASK_PRIORITY,
+                             this->task_stack_in_psram_)) {
+        xEventGroupClearBits(this->event_group_, MIXER_TASK_COMMAND_START);
+      } else {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to start; retrying in 1 second");
+        this->status_momentary_error("failure", 1000);
+        return;
       }
     }
   }
@@ -478,13 +468,12 @@ void MixerSpeaker::loop() {
     xEventGroupClearBits(this->event_group_, MIXER_TASK_STATE_STOPPING);
   }
   if (event_group_bits & MIXER_TASK_STATE_STOPPED) {
-    if (this->delete_task_() == ESP_OK) {
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Stopped");
-      xEventGroupClearBits(this->event_group_, MIXER_TASK_ALL_BITS);
-    }
+    this->task_.deallocate();
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Stopped");
+    xEventGroupClearBits(this->event_group_, MIXER_TASK_ALL_BITS);
   }
 
-  if (this->task_handle_ != nullptr) {
+  if (this->task_.is_created()) {
     // If the mixer task is running, check if all source speakers are stopped
 
     bool all_stopped = true;
@@ -497,7 +486,7 @@ void MixerSpeaker::loop() {
       // Send stop command signal to the mixer task since no source speakers are active
       xEventGroupSetBits(this->event_group_, MIXER_TASK_COMMAND_STOP);
     }
-  } else if (this->task_stack_buffer_ == nullptr) {
+  } else {
     // Task is fully stopped and cleaned up, check if we can disable loop
     event_group_bits = xEventGroupGetBits(this->event_group_);
     if (event_group_bits == 0) {
@@ -538,60 +527,6 @@ esp_err_t MixerSpeaker::start(audio::AudioStreamInfo &stream_info) {
   return ESP_OK;
 }
 
-esp_err_t MixerSpeaker::start_task_() {
-  if (this->task_stack_buffer_ == nullptr) {
-    if (this->task_stack_in_psram_) {
-      RAMAllocator<StackType_t> stack_allocator(RAMAllocator<StackType_t>::ALLOC_EXTERNAL);
-      this->task_stack_buffer_ = stack_allocator.allocate(TASK_STACK_SIZE);
-    } else {
-      RAMAllocator<StackType_t> stack_allocator(RAMAllocator<StackType_t>::ALLOC_INTERNAL);
-      this->task_stack_buffer_ = stack_allocator.allocate(TASK_STACK_SIZE);
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (this->task_stack_buffer_ == nullptr) {
-    return ESP_ERR_NO_MEM;
-  }
-
-  if (this->task_handle_ == nullptr) {
-    this->task_handle_ = xTaskCreateStatic(audio_mixer_task, "mixer", TASK_STACK_SIZE, (void *) this,
-                                           MIXER_TASK_PRIORITY, this->task_stack_buffer_, &this->task_stack_);
-  }
-
-  if (this->task_handle_ == nullptr) {
-    return ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE;
-  }
-
-  return ESP_OK;
-}
-
-esp_err_t MixerSpeaker::delete_task_() {
-  if (this->task_handle_ != nullptr) {
-    // Delete the task
-    vTaskDelete(this->task_handle_);
-    this->task_handle_ = nullptr;
-  }
-
-  if ((this->task_handle_ == nullptr) && (this->task_stack_buffer_ != nullptr)) {
-    // Deallocate the task stack buffer
-    if (this->task_stack_in_psram_) {
-      RAMAllocator<StackType_t> stack_allocator(RAMAllocator<StackType_t>::ALLOC_EXTERNAL);
-      stack_allocator.deallocate(this->task_stack_buffer_, TASK_STACK_SIZE);
-    } else {
-      RAMAllocator<StackType_t> stack_allocator(RAMAllocator<StackType_t>::ALLOC_INTERNAL);
-      stack_allocator.deallocate(this->task_stack_buffer_, TASK_STACK_SIZE);
-    }
-
-    this->task_stack_buffer_ = nullptr;
-  }
-
-  if ((this->task_handle_ != nullptr) || (this->task_stack_buffer_ != nullptr)) {
-    return ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE;
-  }
-
-  return ESP_OK;
-}
-
 void MixerSpeaker::copy_frames(const int16_t *input_buffer, audio::AudioStreamInfo input_stream_info,
                                int16_t *output_buffer, audio::AudioStreamInfo output_stream_info,
                                uint32_t frames_to_transfer) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/mixer_speaker.h b/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/mixer_speaker.h
index e920f9895a..0e0b33c39b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/mixer_speaker.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/mixer_speaker.h
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/static_task.h"
 
-#include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
 #include <freertos/event_groups.h>
 
 #include <atomic>
@@ -143,8 +143,6 @@ class MixerSpeaker : public Component {
   /// @param stream_info The calling source speaker's audio stream information
   /// @return ESP_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the incoming stream is incompatible due to unsupported bits per sample
   ///         ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG if the incoming stream is incompatible to be mixed with the other input audio stream
-  ///         ESP_ERR_NO_MEM if there isn't enough memory for the task's stack
-  ///         ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE if the task fails to start
   ///         ESP_OK if the incoming stream is compatible and the mixer task starts
   esp_err_t start(audio::AudioStreamInfo &stream_info);
 
@@ -188,16 +186,6 @@ class MixerSpeaker : public Component {
 
   static void audio_mixer_task(void *params);
 
-  /// @brief Starts the mixer task after allocating memory for the task stack.
-  /// @return ESP_ERR_NO_MEM if there isn't enough memory for the task's stack
-  ///         ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE if the task didn't start
-  ///         ESP_OK if successful
-  esp_err_t start_task_();
-
-  /// @brief If the task is stopped, it sets the task handle to the nullptr and deallocates its stack
-  /// @return ESP_OK if the task was stopped, ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE otherwise.
-  esp_err_t delete_task_();
-
   EventGroupHandle_t event_group_{nullptr};
 
   FixedVector<SourceSpeaker *> source_speakers_;
@@ -207,9 +195,7 @@ class MixerSpeaker : public Component {
   bool queue_mode_;
   bool task_stack_in_psram_{false};
 
-  TaskHandle_t task_handle_{nullptr};
-  StaticTask_t task_stack_;
-  StackType_t *task_stack_buffer_{nullptr};
+  StaticTask task_;
 
   optional<audio::AudioStreamInfo> audio_stream_info_;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/resampler/speaker/resampler_speaker.cpp b/esphome/components/resampler/speaker/resampler_speaker.cpp
index 74420f906a..1303bc459e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/resampler/speaker/resampler_speaker.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/resampler/speaker/resampler_speaker.cpp
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ void ResamplerSpeaker::loop() {
     xEventGroupClearBits(this->event_group_, ResamplingEventGroupBits::STATE_STOPPING);
   }
   if (event_group_bits & ResamplingEventGroupBits::STATE_STOPPED) {
-    this->delete_task_();
+    this->task_.deallocate();
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Stopped");
     xEventGroupClearBits(this->event_group_, ResamplingEventGroupBits::ALL_BITS);
   }
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ void ResamplerSpeaker::loop() {
         this->output_speaker_->stop();
       }
 
-      if (this->output_speaker_->is_stopped() && (this->task_handle_ == nullptr)) {
+      if (this->output_speaker_->is_stopped() && !this->task_.is_created()) {
         // Only transition to stopped state once the output speaker and resampler task are fully stopped
         this->waiting_for_output_ = false;
         this->state_ = speaker::STATE_STOPPED;
@@ -209,9 +209,6 @@ void ResamplerSpeaker::loop() {
 
 void ResamplerSpeaker::set_start_error_(esp_err_t err) {
   switch (err) {
-    case ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE:
-      this->status_set_error(LOG_STR("Task failed to start"));
-      break;
     case ESP_ERR_NO_MEM:
       this->status_set_error(LOG_STR("Not enough memory"));
       break;
@@ -267,36 +264,12 @@ esp_err_t ResamplerSpeaker::start_() {
 
   if (this->requires_resampling_()) {
     // Start the resampler task to handle converting sample rates
-    return this->start_task_();
-  }
-
-  return ESP_OK;
-}
-
-esp_err_t ResamplerSpeaker::start_task_() {
-  if (this->task_stack_buffer_ == nullptr) {
-    if (this->task_stack_in_psram_) {
-      RAMAllocator<StackType_t> stack_allocator(RAMAllocator<StackType_t>::ALLOC_EXTERNAL);
-      this->task_stack_buffer_ = stack_allocator.allocate(TASK_STACK_SIZE);
-    } else {
-      RAMAllocator<StackType_t> stack_allocator(RAMAllocator<StackType_t>::ALLOC_INTERNAL);
-      this->task_stack_buffer_ = stack_allocator.allocate(TASK_STACK_SIZE);
+    if (!this->task_.create(resample_task, "resampler", TASK_STACK_SIZE, (void *) this, RESAMPLER_TASK_PRIORITY,
+                            this->task_stack_in_psram_)) {
+      return ESP_ERR_NO_MEM;
     }
   }
 
-  if (this->task_stack_buffer_ == nullptr) {
-    return ESP_ERR_NO_MEM;
-  }
-
-  if (this->task_handle_ == nullptr) {
-    this->task_handle_ = xTaskCreateStatic(resample_task, "resampler", TASK_STACK_SIZE, (void *) this,
-                                           RESAMPLER_TASK_PRIORITY, this->task_stack_buffer_, &this->task_stack_);
-  }
-
-  if (this->task_handle_ == nullptr) {
-    return ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE;
-  }
-
   return ESP_OK;
 }
 
@@ -305,33 +278,12 @@ void ResamplerSpeaker::stop() { this->send_command_(ResamplingEventGroupBits::CO
 void ResamplerSpeaker::enter_stopping_state_() {
   this->state_ = speaker::STATE_STOPPING;
   this->state_start_ms_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
-  if (this->task_handle_ != nullptr) {
+  if (this->task_.is_created()) {
     xEventGroupSetBits(this->event_group_, ResamplingEventGroupBits::TASK_COMMAND_STOP);
   }
   this->output_speaker_->stop();
 }
 
-void ResamplerSpeaker::delete_task_() {
-  if (this->task_handle_ != nullptr) {
-    // Delete the suspended task
-    vTaskDelete(this->task_handle_);
-    this->task_handle_ = nullptr;
-  }
-
-  if (this->task_stack_buffer_ != nullptr) {
-    // Deallocate the task stack buffer
-    if (this->task_stack_in_psram_) {
-      RAMAllocator<StackType_t> stack_allocator(RAMAllocator<StackType_t>::ALLOC_EXTERNAL);
-      stack_allocator.deallocate(this->task_stack_buffer_, TASK_STACK_SIZE);
-    } else {
-      RAMAllocator<StackType_t> stack_allocator(RAMAllocator<StackType_t>::ALLOC_INTERNAL);
-      stack_allocator.deallocate(this->task_stack_buffer_, TASK_STACK_SIZE);
-    }
-
-    this->task_stack_buffer_ = nullptr;
-  }
-}
-
 void ResamplerSpeaker::finish() { this->send_command_(ResamplingEventGroupBits::COMMAND_FINISH); }
 
 bool ResamplerSpeaker::has_buffered_data() const {
diff --git a/esphome/components/resampler/speaker/resampler_speaker.h b/esphome/components/resampler/speaker/resampler_speaker.h
index c1ebd7e7b5..cdbc1c22db 100644
--- a/esphome/components/resampler/speaker/resampler_speaker.h
+++ b/esphome/components/resampler/speaker/resampler_speaker.h
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 #include "esphome/components/speaker/speaker.h"
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/static_task.h"
 
-#include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
 #include <freertos/event_groups.h>
 
 namespace esphome {
@@ -57,15 +57,9 @@ class ResamplerSpeaker : public Component, public speaker::Speaker {
  protected:
   /// @brief Starts the output speaker after setting the resampled stream info. If resampling is required, it starts the
   /// task.
-  /// @return ESP_OK if resampling is required
-  ///         return value of start_task_() if resampling is required
-  esp_err_t start_();
-
-  /// @brief Starts the resampler task after allocating the task stack
   /// @return ESP_OK if successful,
-  ///         ESP_ERR_NO_MEM if the task stack couldn't be allocated
-  ///         ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE if the task wasn't created
-  esp_err_t start_task_();
+  ///         ESP_ERR_NO_MEM if the resampler task couldn't be created
+  esp_err_t start_();
 
   /// @brief Transitions to STATE_STOPPING, records the stopping timestamp, sends the task stop command if the task is
   /// running, and stops the output speaker.
@@ -74,9 +68,6 @@ class ResamplerSpeaker : public Component, public speaker::Speaker {
   /// @brief Sets the appropriate status error based on the start failure reason.
   void set_start_error_(esp_err_t err);
 
-  /// @brief Deletes the resampler task if suspended, deallocates the task stack, and resets the related pointers.
-  void delete_task_();
-
   /// @brief Sends a command via event group bits, enables the loop, and optionally wakes the main loop.
   void send_command_(uint32_t command_bit, bool wake_loop = false);
 
@@ -92,9 +83,7 @@ class ResamplerSpeaker : public Component, public speaker::Speaker {
   bool task_stack_in_psram_{false};
   bool waiting_for_output_{false};
 
-  TaskHandle_t task_handle_{nullptr};
-  StaticTask_t task_stack_;
-  StackType_t *task_stack_buffer_{nullptr};
+  StaticTask task_;
 
   audio::AudioStreamInfo target_stream_info_;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/audio_pipeline.cpp b/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/audio_pipeline.cpp
index 177743feb1..8cea3abcfc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/audio_pipeline.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/audio_pipeline.cpp
@@ -87,20 +87,20 @@ void AudioPipeline::set_pause_state(bool pause_state) {
 }
 
 void AudioPipeline::suspend_tasks() {
-  if (this->read_task_handle_ != nullptr) {
-    vTaskSuspend(this->read_task_handle_);
+  if (this->read_task_.is_created()) {
+    vTaskSuspend(this->read_task_.get_handle());
   }
-  if (this->decode_task_handle_ != nullptr) {
-    vTaskSuspend(this->decode_task_handle_);
+  if (this->decode_task_.is_created()) {
+    vTaskSuspend(this->decode_task_.get_handle());
   }
 }
 
 void AudioPipeline::resume_tasks() {
-  if (this->read_task_handle_ != nullptr) {
-    vTaskResume(this->read_task_handle_);
+  if (this->read_task_.is_created()) {
+    vTaskResume(this->read_task_.get_handle());
   }
-  if (this->decode_task_handle_ != nullptr) {
-    vTaskResume(this->decode_task_handle_);
+  if (this->decode_task_.is_created()) {
+    vTaskResume(this->decode_task_.get_handle());
   }
 }
 
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ AudioPipelineState AudioPipeline::process_state() {
     // Init command pending
     if (!(event_bits & EventGroupBits::PIPELINE_COMMAND_STOP)) {
       // Only start if there is no pending stop command
-      if ((this->read_task_handle_ == nullptr) || (this->decode_task_handle_ == nullptr)) {
+      if (!this->read_task_.is_created() || !this->decode_task_.is_created()) {
         // At least one task isn't running
         this->start_tasks_();
       }
@@ -202,8 +202,9 @@ AudioPipelineState AudioPipeline::process_state() {
 
     if (!this->is_playing_) {
       // The tasks have been stopped for two ``process_state`` calls in a row, so delete the tasks
-      if ((this->read_task_handle_ != nullptr) || (this->decode_task_handle_ != nullptr)) {
-        this->delete_tasks_();
+      if (this->read_task_.is_created() || this->decode_task_.is_created()) {
+        this->read_task_.deallocate();
+        this->decode_task_.deallocate();
         if (this->hard_stop_) {
           // Stop command was sent, so immediately end the playback
           this->speaker_->stop();
@@ -234,7 +235,7 @@ AudioPipelineState AudioPipeline::process_state() {
     }
   }
 
-  if ((this->read_task_handle_ == nullptr) && (this->decode_task_handle_ == nullptr)) {
+  if (!this->read_task_.is_created() && !this->decode_task_.is_created()) {
     // No tasks are running, so the pipeline is stopped.
     xEventGroupClearBits(this->event_group_, EventGroupBits::PIPELINE_COMMAND_STOP);
     return AudioPipelineState::STOPPED;
@@ -262,94 +263,25 @@ esp_err_t AudioPipeline::allocate_communications_() {
 }
 
 esp_err_t AudioPipeline::start_tasks_() {
-  if (this->read_task_handle_ == nullptr) {
-    if (this->read_task_stack_buffer_ == nullptr) {
-      // Reader task uses the AudioReader class which uses esp_http_client. This crashes on IDF 5.4 if the task stack is
-      // in PSRAM. As a workaround, always allocate the read task in internal memory.
-      RAMAllocator<StackType_t> stack_allocator(RAMAllocator<StackType_t>::ALLOC_INTERNAL);
-      this->read_task_stack_buffer_ = stack_allocator.allocate(READ_TASK_STACK_SIZE);
-    }
-
-    if (this->read_task_stack_buffer_ == nullptr) {
+  if (!this->read_task_.is_created()) {
+    // Reader task uses the AudioReader class which uses esp_http_client. This crashes on IDF 5.4 if the task stack is
+    // in PSRAM. As a workaround, always allocate the read task in internal memory.
+    if (!this->read_task_.create(read_task, (this->base_name_ + "_read").c_str(), READ_TASK_STACK_SIZE, (void *) this,
+                                 this->priority_, false)) {
       return ESP_ERR_NO_MEM;
     }
-
-    if (this->read_task_handle_ == nullptr) {
-      this->read_task_handle_ =
-          xTaskCreateStatic(read_task, (this->base_name_ + "_read").c_str(), READ_TASK_STACK_SIZE, (void *) this,
-                            this->priority_, this->read_task_stack_buffer_, &this->read_task_stack_);
-    }
-
-    if (this->read_task_handle_ == nullptr) {
-      return ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE;
-    }
   }
 
-  if (this->decode_task_handle_ == nullptr) {
-    if (this->decode_task_stack_buffer_ == nullptr) {
-      if (this->task_stack_in_psram_) {
-        RAMAllocator<StackType_t> stack_allocator(RAMAllocator<StackType_t>::ALLOC_EXTERNAL);
-        this->decode_task_stack_buffer_ = stack_allocator.allocate(DECODE_TASK_STACK_SIZE);
-      } else {
-        RAMAllocator<StackType_t> stack_allocator(RAMAllocator<StackType_t>::ALLOC_INTERNAL);
-        this->decode_task_stack_buffer_ = stack_allocator.allocate(DECODE_TASK_STACK_SIZE);
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (this->decode_task_stack_buffer_ == nullptr) {
+  if (!this->decode_task_.is_created()) {
+    if (!this->decode_task_.create(decode_task, (this->base_name_ + "_decode").c_str(), DECODE_TASK_STACK_SIZE,
+                                   (void *) this, this->priority_, this->task_stack_in_psram_)) {
       return ESP_ERR_NO_MEM;
     }
-
-    if (this->decode_task_handle_ == nullptr) {
-      this->decode_task_handle_ =
-          xTaskCreateStatic(decode_task, (this->base_name_ + "_decode").c_str(), DECODE_TASK_STACK_SIZE, (void *) this,
-                            this->priority_, this->decode_task_stack_buffer_, &this->decode_task_stack_);
-    }
-
-    if (this->decode_task_handle_ == nullptr) {
-      return ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE;
-    }
   }
 
   return ESP_OK;
 }
 
-void AudioPipeline::delete_tasks_() {
-  if (this->read_task_handle_ != nullptr) {
-    vTaskDelete(this->read_task_handle_);
-
-    if (this->read_task_stack_buffer_ != nullptr) {
-      if (this->task_stack_in_psram_) {
-        RAMAllocator<StackType_t> stack_allocator(RAMAllocator<StackType_t>::ALLOC_EXTERNAL);
-        stack_allocator.deallocate(this->read_task_stack_buffer_, READ_TASK_STACK_SIZE);
-      } else {
-        RAMAllocator<StackType_t> stack_allocator(RAMAllocator<StackType_t>::ALLOC_INTERNAL);
-        stack_allocator.deallocate(this->read_task_stack_buffer_, READ_TASK_STACK_SIZE);
-      }
-
-      this->read_task_stack_buffer_ = nullptr;
-      this->read_task_handle_ = nullptr;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (this->decode_task_handle_ != nullptr) {
-    vTaskDelete(this->decode_task_handle_);
-
-    if (this->decode_task_stack_buffer_ != nullptr) {
-      if (this->task_stack_in_psram_) {
-        RAMAllocator<StackType_t> stack_allocator(RAMAllocator<StackType_t>::ALLOC_EXTERNAL);
-        stack_allocator.deallocate(this->decode_task_stack_buffer_, DECODE_TASK_STACK_SIZE);
-      } else {
-        RAMAllocator<StackType_t> stack_allocator(RAMAllocator<StackType_t>::ALLOC_INTERNAL);
-        stack_allocator.deallocate(this->decode_task_stack_buffer_, DECODE_TASK_STACK_SIZE);
-      }
-
-      this->decode_task_stack_buffer_ = nullptr;
-      this->decode_task_handle_ = nullptr;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
 void AudioPipeline::read_task(void *params) {
   AudioPipeline *this_pipeline = (AudioPipeline *) params;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/audio_pipeline.h b/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/audio_pipeline.h
index 6fffde6c20..2c78572835 100644
--- a/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/audio_pipeline.h
+++ b/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/audio_pipeline.h
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@
 #include "esphome/components/speaker/speaker.h"
 
 #include "esphome/core/ring_buffer.h"
+#include "esphome/core/static_task.h"
 
 #include "esp_err.h"
 
-#include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
 #include <freertos/event_groups.h>
 #include <freertos/queue.h>
 
@@ -104,9 +104,6 @@ class AudioPipeline {
   /// @return ESP_OK if successful or an appropriate error if not
   esp_err_t start_tasks_();
 
-  /// @brief Resets the task related pointers and deallocates their stacks.
-  void delete_tasks_();
-
   std::string base_name_;
   UBaseType_t priority_;
 
@@ -143,15 +140,11 @@ class AudioPipeline {
 
   // Handles reading the media file from flash or a url
   static void read_task(void *params);
-  TaskHandle_t read_task_handle_{nullptr};
-  StaticTask_t read_task_stack_;
-  StackType_t *read_task_stack_buffer_{nullptr};
+  StaticTask read_task_;
 
   // Decodes the media file into PCM audio
   static void decode_task(void *params);
-  TaskHandle_t decode_task_handle_{nullptr};
-  StaticTask_t decode_task_stack_;
-  StackType_t *decode_task_stack_buffer_{nullptr};
+  StaticTask decode_task_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace speaker

From 0c883b80c4376906eb5dc67f4b77d1249ee67b1d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2026 16:05:49 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 350/609] [inkplate][ezo_pmp][ezo][packet_transport] Fix
 use-after-free bugs (#14467)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/ezo/ezo.cpp                |  3 +-
 esphome/components/ezo_pmp/ezo_pmp.cpp        | 36 ++++++++++---------
 esphome/components/ezo_pmp/ezo_pmp.h          |  2 +-
 esphome/components/inkplate/inkplate.cpp      | 20 ++++++++---
 .../packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp     |  2 +-
 .../packet_transport/packet_transport.h       |  2 +-
 6 files changed, 39 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ezo/ezo.cpp b/esphome/components/ezo/ezo.cpp
index e4036021df..2dc65b7d14 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ezo/ezo.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ezo/ezo.cpp
@@ -66,8 +66,9 @@ void EZOSensor::loop() {
 
     if (to_run->command_type == EzoCommandType::EZO_SLEEP ||
         to_run->command_type == EzoCommandType::EZO_I2C) {  // Commands with no return data
+      bool update_address = to_run->command_type == EzoCommandType::EZO_I2C;
       this->commands_.pop_front();
-      if (to_run->command_type == EzoCommandType::EZO_I2C)
+      if (update_address)
         this->address_ = this->new_address_;
       return;
     }
diff --git a/esphome/components/ezo_pmp/ezo_pmp.cpp b/esphome/components/ezo_pmp/ezo_pmp.cpp
index bf6e3926b8..4ce4da57ff 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ezo_pmp/ezo_pmp.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ezo_pmp/ezo_pmp.cpp
@@ -165,22 +165,23 @@ void EzoPMP::read_command_result_() {
       continue;
     }
 
-    switch (current_parameter) {
-      case 1:
-        first_parameter_buffer[position_in_parameter_buffer] = current_char;
-        first_parameter_buffer[position_in_parameter_buffer + 1] = '\0';
-        break;
-      case 2:
-        second_parameter_buffer[position_in_parameter_buffer] = current_char;
-        second_parameter_buffer[position_in_parameter_buffer + 1] = '\0';
-        break;
-      case 3:
-        third_parameter_buffer[position_in_parameter_buffer] = current_char;
-        third_parameter_buffer[position_in_parameter_buffer + 1] = '\0';
-        break;
+    if (position_in_parameter_buffer < sizeof(first_parameter_buffer) - 1) {
+      switch (current_parameter) {
+        case 1:
+          first_parameter_buffer[position_in_parameter_buffer] = current_char;
+          first_parameter_buffer[position_in_parameter_buffer + 1] = '\0';
+          break;
+        case 2:
+          second_parameter_buffer[position_in_parameter_buffer] = current_char;
+          second_parameter_buffer[position_in_parameter_buffer + 1] = '\0';
+          break;
+        case 3:
+          third_parameter_buffer[position_in_parameter_buffer] = current_char;
+          third_parameter_buffer[position_in_parameter_buffer + 1] = '\0';
+          break;
+      }
+      position_in_parameter_buffer++;
     }
-
-    position_in_parameter_buffer++;
   }
 
   auto parsed_first_parameter = parse_number<float>(first_parameter_buffer);
@@ -404,7 +405,8 @@ void EzoPMP::send_next_command_() {
       break;
 
     case EZO_PMP_COMMAND_EXEC_ARBITRARY_COMMAND_ADDRESS:  // Run an arbitrary command
-      command_buffer_length = snprintf((char *) command_buffer, sizeof(command_buffer), "%s", this->arbitrary_command_);
+      command_buffer_length =
+          snprintf((char *) command_buffer, sizeof(command_buffer), "%s", this->arbitrary_command_.c_str());
       ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Sending arbitrary command: %s", (char *) command_buffer);
       break;
 
@@ -541,7 +543,7 @@ void EzoPMP::change_i2c_address(int address) {
 }
 
 void EzoPMP::exec_arbitrary_command(const std::basic_string<char> &command) {
-  this->arbitrary_command_ = command.c_str();
+  this->arbitrary_command_ = command;
   this->queue_command_(EZO_PMP_COMMAND_EXEC_ARBITRARY_COMMAND_ADDRESS, 0, 0, true);
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ezo_pmp/ezo_pmp.h b/esphome/components/ezo_pmp/ezo_pmp.h
index d4917e7f4b..bbfd899170 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ezo_pmp/ezo_pmp.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ezo_pmp/ezo_pmp.h
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class EzoPMP : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
   bool is_paused_flag_ = false;
   bool is_dosing_flag_ = false;
 
-  const char *arbitrary_command_{nullptr};
+  std::string arbitrary_command_{};
 
   void send_next_command_();
   void read_command_result_();
diff --git a/esphome/components/inkplate/inkplate.cpp b/esphome/components/inkplate/inkplate.cpp
index c921c643fa..df9c2b29c7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/inkplate/inkplate.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/inkplate/inkplate.cpp
@@ -63,16 +63,26 @@ void Inkplate::initialize_() {
   if (buffer_size == 0)
     return;
 
-  if (this->partial_buffer_ != nullptr)
+  if (this->partial_buffer_ != nullptr) {
     allocator.deallocate(this->partial_buffer_, buffer_size);
-  if (this->partial_buffer_2_ != nullptr)
+    this->partial_buffer_ = nullptr;
+  }
+  if (this->partial_buffer_2_ != nullptr) {
     allocator.deallocate(this->partial_buffer_2_, buffer_size * 2);
-  if (this->buffer_ != nullptr)
+    this->partial_buffer_2_ = nullptr;
+  }
+  if (this->buffer_ != nullptr) {
     allocator.deallocate(this->buffer_, buffer_size);
-  if (this->glut_ != nullptr)
+    this->buffer_ = nullptr;
+  }
+  if (this->glut_ != nullptr) {
     allocator32.deallocate(this->glut_, 256 * 9);
-  if (this->glut2_ != nullptr)
+    this->glut_ = nullptr;
+  }
+  if (this->glut2_ != nullptr) {
     allocator32.deallocate(this->glut2_, 256 * 9);
+    this->glut2_ = nullptr;
+  }
 
   this->buffer_ = allocator.allocate(buffer_size);
   if (this->buffer_ == nullptr) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp b/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp
index 7b7a852398..d2c5920001 100644
--- a/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ void PacketTransport::init_data_() {
   } else {
     add(this->data_, DATA_KEY);
   }
-  for (auto pkey : this->ping_keys_) {
+  for (const auto &pkey : this->ping_keys_) {
     add(this->data_, PING_KEY);
     add(this->data_, pkey.second);
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.h b/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.h
index 57f40874b5..a236744231 100644
--- a/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.h
+++ b/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.h
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ class PacketTransport : public PollingComponent {
   std::vector<uint8_t> ping_header_{};
   std::vector<uint8_t> header_{};
   std::vector<uint8_t> data_{};
-  std::map<const char *, uint32_t> ping_keys_{};
+  std::map<std::string, uint32_t> ping_keys_{};
   const char *platform_name_{""};
   void add_key_(const char *name, uint32_t key);
   void send_ping_pong_request_();

From e11a91411b800497b812a9baf374fca36af5e085 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2026 16:36:52 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 351/609] 
 [esp32_improv][rf_bridge][esp32_ble_server][display][lvgl][pipsolar] Fix
 unsigned integer underflows (#14466)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: Clyde Stubbs <2366188+clydebarrow@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/display/display.cpp                     | 3 +++
 esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.cpp | 6 +++++-
 esphome/components/esp32_improv/esp32_improv_component.cpp | 2 ++
 esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp                   | 2 +-
 esphome/components/pipsolar/pipsolar.cpp                   | 4 +++-
 esphome/components/rf_bridge/rf_bridge.cpp                 | 2 +-
 6 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/display/display.cpp b/esphome/components/display/display.cpp
index 2bd7d03600..f8569b6e7c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/display/display.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/display/display.cpp
@@ -661,6 +661,9 @@ void Display::printf(int x, int y, BaseFont *font, const char *format, ...) {
 void Display::set_writer(display_writer_t &&writer) { this->writer_ = writer; }
 
 void Display::set_pages(std::vector<DisplayPage *> pages) {
+  if (pages.empty())
+    return;
+
   for (auto *page : pages)
     page->set_parent(this);
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.cpp
index a1b1ff94bb..d4ccefd9b2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.cpp
@@ -209,7 +209,11 @@ void BLECharacteristic::gatts_event_handler(esp_gatts_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt
 
       esp_gatt_rsp_t response;
       if (param->read.is_long) {
-        if (this->value_.size() - this->value_read_offset_ < max_offset) {
+        if (this->value_read_offset_ >= this->value_.size()) {
+          response.attr_value.len = 0;
+          response.attr_value.offset = this->value_read_offset_;
+          this->value_read_offset_ = 0;
+        } else if (this->value_.size() - this->value_read_offset_ < max_offset) {
           //  Last message in the chain
           response.attr_value.len = this->value_.size() - this->value_read_offset_;
           response.attr_value.offset = this->value_read_offset_;
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_improv/esp32_improv_component.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_improv/esp32_improv_component.cpp
index 83bc842a3d..e4ae49f235 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_improv/esp32_improv_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_improv/esp32_improv_component.cpp
@@ -314,6 +314,8 @@ void ESP32ImprovComponent::dump_config() {
 }
 
 void ESP32ImprovComponent::process_incoming_data_() {
+  if (this->incoming_data_.size() < 3)
+    return;
   uint8_t length = this->incoming_data_[1];
 
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp b/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp
index bb373abb88..3e447e9169 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ void LvglComponent::write_random_() {
     col = col / this->draw_rounding * this->draw_rounding;
     auto row = random_uint32() % this->disp_drv_.ver_res;
     row = row / this->draw_rounding * this->draw_rounding;
-    auto size = (random_uint32() % 32) / this->draw_rounding * this->draw_rounding - 1;
+    auto size = ((random_uint32() % 32) / this->draw_rounding + 2) * this->draw_rounding - 1;
     lv_area_t area;
     area.x1 = col;
     area.y1 = row;
diff --git a/esphome/components/pipsolar/pipsolar.cpp b/esphome/components/pipsolar/pipsolar.cpp
index f95bf4aedb..9c5caec775 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pipsolar/pipsolar.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pipsolar/pipsolar.cpp
@@ -162,13 +162,15 @@ void Pipsolar::loop() {
 }
 
 uint8_t Pipsolar::check_incoming_length_(uint8_t length) {
-  if (this->read_pos_ - 3 == length) {
+  if (this->read_pos_ >= 3 && this->read_pos_ - 3 == length) {
     return 1;
   }
   return 0;
 }
 
 uint8_t Pipsolar::check_incoming_crc_() {
+  if (this->read_pos_ < 3)
+    return 0;
   uint16_t crc16;
   crc16 = this->pipsolar_crc_(read_buffer_, read_pos_ - 3);
   if (((uint8_t) ((crc16) >> 8)) == read_buffer_[read_pos_ - 3] &&
diff --git a/esphome/components/rf_bridge/rf_bridge.cpp b/esphome/components/rf_bridge/rf_bridge.cpp
index d8c148145c..700e2ba162 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rf_bridge/rf_bridge.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rf_bridge/rf_bridge.cpp
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ bool RFBridgeComponent::parse_bridge_byte_(uint8_t byte) {
       data.length = raw[2];
       data.protocol = raw[3];
       char next_byte[3];  // 2 hex chars + null
-      for (uint8_t i = 0; i < data.length - 1; i++) {
+      for (uint8_t i = 0; i + 1 < data.length; i++) {
         buf_append_printf(next_byte, sizeof(next_byte), 0, "%02X", raw[4 + i]);
         data.code += next_byte;
       }

From 61ea6c3b2f759c325c1428b371e4e9f8a00425fb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2026 12:46:26 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 352/609] [ci] Add missing issues: write permission to
 codeowner approval workflow (#14477)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .github/workflows/codeowner-approved-label.yml | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeowner-approved-label.yml b/.github/workflows/codeowner-approved-label.yml
index 217ae06419..200f18f544 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/codeowner-approved-label.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeowner-approved-label.yml
@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ on:
     types: [submitted, dismissed]
 
 permissions:
-  pull-requests: write
+  issues: write
+  pull-requests: read
   contents: read
 
 jobs:

From 55103c0652bdece270ac09e9f3224c2693d7e2d2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2026 18:18:14 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 353/609] [ds2484] Fix read64() using uint8_t accumulator
 instead of uint64_t (#14479)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/ds2484/ds2484.cpp | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ds2484/ds2484.cpp b/esphome/components/ds2484/ds2484.cpp
index 7c890ff433..0b36f86874 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ds2484/ds2484.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ds2484/ds2484.cpp
@@ -110,9 +110,9 @@ uint8_t DS2484OneWireBus::read8() {
 }
 
 uint64_t DS2484OneWireBus::read64() {
-  uint8_t response = 0;
+  uint64_t response = 0;
   for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-    response |= (this->read8() << (i * 8));
+    response |= (static_cast<uint64_t>(this->read8()) << (i * 8));
   }
   return response;
 }

From b6d7e8e14de939b4d6714a42138edb914fd346c4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2026 18:18:28 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 354/609] [sgp30] Fix serial number truncation from 48-bit to
 24-bit (#14478)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/sgp30/sgp30.cpp | 4 +++-
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/sgp30/sgp30.cpp b/esphome/components/sgp30/sgp30.cpp
index 18814405d4..35e5b3dd42 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sgp30/sgp30.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sgp30/sgp30.cpp
@@ -41,7 +41,9 @@ void SGP30Component::setup() {
     this->mark_failed();
     return;
   }
-  this->serial_number_ = encode_uint24(raw_serial_number[0], raw_serial_number[1], raw_serial_number[2]);
+  this->serial_number_ = (static_cast<uint64_t>(raw_serial_number[0]) << 32) |
+                         (static_cast<uint64_t>(raw_serial_number[1]) << 16) |
+                         static_cast<uint64_t>(raw_serial_number[2]);
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Serial number: %" PRIu64, this->serial_number_);
 
   // Featureset identification for future use

From c8e7f78a2567e51d4fa178799ad3351ce046272d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2026 18:32:50 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 355/609] [zwave_proxy] Fix uint8_t overflow for buffer index
 and frame end (#14480)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.cpp | 4 ++++
 esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.h   | 8 ++++----
 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.cpp b/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.cpp
index 8506b19e7f..b0836ac072 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.cpp
@@ -281,6 +281,10 @@ bool ZWaveProxy::parse_byte_(uint8_t byte) {
       break;
     }
     case ZWAVE_PARSING_STATE_READ_BL_MENU:
+      if (this->buffer_index_ >= this->buffer_.size()) {
+        this->parsing_state_ = ZWAVE_PARSING_STATE_WAIT_START;
+        break;
+      }
       this->buffer_[this->buffer_index_++] = byte;
       if (!byte) {
         this->parsing_state_ = ZWAVE_PARSING_STATE_WAIT_START;
diff --git a/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.h b/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.h
index eb26316f49..12cb9a90a1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.h
+++ b/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.h
@@ -81,10 +81,10 @@ class ZWaveProxy : public uart::UARTDevice, public Component {
   api::APIConnection *api_connection_{nullptr};  // Current subscribed client
   uint32_t setup_time_{0};                       // Time when setup() was called
 
-  // 8-bit values (grouped together to minimize padding)
-  uint8_t buffer_index_{0};     // Index for populating the data buffer
-  uint8_t end_frame_after_{0};  // Payload reception ends after this index
-  uint8_t last_response_{0};    // Last response type sent
+  // Small values (grouped by size to minimize padding)
+  uint16_t buffer_index_{0};     // Index for populating the data buffer
+  uint16_t end_frame_after_{0};  // Payload reception ends after this index
+  uint8_t last_response_{0};     // Last response type sent
   ZWaveParsingState parsing_state_{ZWAVE_PARSING_STATE_WAIT_START};
   bool in_bootloader_{false};  // True if the device is detected to be in bootloader mode
   bool home_id_ready_{false};  // True when home ID has been received from Z-Wave module

From c0143ac6d662967a8a3fbb008242ee4bc5f92a1f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Brandon Harvey <8107750+bharvey88@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2026 19:46:40 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 356/609] [ai] Add docs note about keeping component index
 pages in sync (#14465)

Co-authored-by: Brandon Harvey <bharvey88@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@koston.org>
---
 .ai/instructions.md | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/.ai/instructions.md b/.ai/instructions.md
index 3c24177827..240a47a52f 100644
--- a/.ai/instructions.md
+++ b/.ai/instructions.md
@@ -286,6 +286,7 @@ This document provides essential context for AI models interacting with this pro
 *   **Documentation Contributions:**
     *   Documentation is hosted in the separate `esphome/esphome-docs` repository.
     *   The contribution workflow is the same as for the codebase.
+    *   When editing a component's documentation page, also update the corresponding component index page to ensure both pages remain in sync.
 
 *   **Best Practices:**
     *   **Component Development:** Keep dependencies minimal, provide clear error messages, and write comprehensive docstrings and tests.

From 5df4fd0a271251d0dc29e0b76148b50550cfb582 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2026 15:51:51 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 357/609] [tests] Fix flaky uart_mock integration tests
 (#14476)

---
 .../external_components/uart_mock/__init__.py |   5 +
 .../uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp                   |  37 +-
 .../external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.h |   4 +
 .../fixtures/uart_mock_ld2410.yaml            |   8 +
 .../uart_mock_ld2410_engineering.yaml         |   8 +
 .../fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412.yaml            |   8 +
 .../uart_mock_ld2412_engineering.yaml         |   8 +
 .../fixtures/uart_mock_modbus.yaml            |   8 +
 .../fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_timing.yaml     |   8 +
 tests/integration/state_utils.py              |  96 ++++-
 tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2410.py    | 353 ++++++-----------
 tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2412.py    | 362 ++++++------------
 tests/integration/test_uart_mock_modbus.py    |  14 +-
 13 files changed, 420 insertions(+), 499 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/__init__.py b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/__init__.py
index 8deab4c21e..abb3abcc41 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/__init__.py
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ CONF_INJECT_RX = "inject_rx"
 CONF_EXPECT_TX = "expect_tx"
 CONF_PERIODIC_RX = "periodic_rx"
 CONF_ON_TX = "on_tx"
+CONF_AUTO_START = "auto_start"
 
 UART_PARITY_OPTIONS = {
     "NONE": uart.UARTParityOptions.UART_CONFIG_PARITY_NONE,
@@ -95,6 +96,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
         cv.Optional(CONF_INJECTIONS, default=[]): cv.ensure_list(INJECTION_SCHEMA),
         cv.Optional(CONF_RESPONSES, default=[]): cv.ensure_list(RESPONSE_SCHEMA),
         cv.Optional(CONF_PERIODIC_RX, default=[]): cv.ensure_list(PERIODIC_RX_SCHEMA),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_AUTO_START, default=True): cv.boolean,
         cv.Optional(CONF_ON_TX): automation.validate_automation(
             {
                 cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(MockUartTXTrigger),
@@ -138,6 +140,9 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.add(var.set_data_bits(config[CONF_DATA_BITS]))
     cg.add(var.set_parity(config[CONF_PARITY]))
 
+    if not config[CONF_AUTO_START]:
+        cg.add(var.set_auto_start(False))
+
     for injection in config[CONF_INJECTIONS]:
         rx_data = injection[CONF_INJECT_RX]
         delay_ms = injection[CONF_DELAY]
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp
index a4a1c41234..83a13793be 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp
@@ -16,17 +16,21 @@ void MockUartComponent::setup() {
 }
 
 void MockUartComponent::loop() {
-  uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
-
-  // Initialize scenario start time on first loop() call, after all components have
-  // finished setup(). This prevents injection delays from being consumed during setup.
   if (!this->loop_started_) {
     this->loop_started_ = true;
-    this->scenario_start_ms_ = now;
-    this->cumulative_delay_ms_ = 0;
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Scenario started at %u ms", now);
+    if (this->auto_start_) {
+      this->start_scenario();
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Scenario waiting for manual start");
+    }
   }
 
+  if (!this->scenario_active_) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+
   // Process at most ONE timed injection per loop iteration.
   // This ensures each injection is in a separate loop cycle, giving the consuming
   // component (e.g., LD2410) a chance to process each batch independently.
@@ -50,6 +54,19 @@ void MockUartComponent::loop() {
   }
 }
 
+void MockUartComponent::start_scenario() {
+  uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+  this->scenario_active_ = true;
+  this->scenario_start_ms_ = now;
+  this->cumulative_delay_ms_ = 0;
+  this->injection_index_ = 0;
+  this->tx_buffer_.clear();
+  for (auto &periodic : this->periodic_rx_) {
+    periodic.last_inject_ms = now;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Scenario started at %u ms", now);
+}
+
 void MockUartComponent::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "Mock UART Component:\n"
@@ -78,10 +95,12 @@ void MockUartComponent::write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   }
 #endif
 
-  this->try_match_response_();
+  if (this->scenario_active_) {
+    this->try_match_response_();
+  }
 
   // This directly calls a tx_hook (lambda) as an alternative to the simpler match_response mechanism.
-  if (this->tx_hook_) {
+  if (this->tx_hook_ && this->scenario_active_) {
     std::vector<uint8_t> buf(data, data + len);
     this->tx_hook_(buf);
   }
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.h b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.h
index 5bbc3c1bf6..b721512f96 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.h
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.h
@@ -37,6 +37,8 @@ class MockUartComponent : public uart::UARTComponent, public Component {
   void add_response(const std::vector<uint8_t> &expect_tx, const std::vector<uint8_t> &inject_rx);
   void add_periodic_rx(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, uint32_t interval_ms);
 
+  void start_scenario();
+  void set_auto_start(bool auto_start) { this->auto_start_ = auto_start; }
   void set_tx_hook(std::function<void(const std::vector<uint8_t> &)> &&cb) { this->tx_hook_ = std::move(cb); }
   void inject_to_rx_buffer(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data);
   void inject_to_rx_buffer(const uint8_t *data, size_t len);
@@ -55,6 +57,8 @@ class MockUartComponent : public uart::UARTComponent, public Component {
   uint32_t scenario_start_ms_{0};
   uint32_t cumulative_delay_ms_{0};
   bool loop_started_{false};
+  bool auto_start_{true};
+  bool scenario_active_{false};
 
   // TX-triggered responses
   struct Response {
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2410.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2410.yaml
index 9a81468263..59838b0599 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2410.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2410.yaml
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ uart:
 uart_mock:
   id: mock_uart
   baud_rate: 256000
+  auto_start: false
   injections:
     # Phase 1 (t=100ms): Valid LD2410 normal mode data frame - happy path
     # The buffer is clean at this point, so this frame should parse correctly.
@@ -143,3 +144,10 @@ binary_sensor:
       name: "Has Moving Target"
     has_still_target:
       name: "Has Still Target"
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    id: start_scenario_btn
+    on_press:
+      - lambda: 'id(mock_uart).start_scenario();'
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2410_engineering.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2410_engineering.yaml
index 3b730fc1f8..4625ae8511 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2410_engineering.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2410_engineering.yaml
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ uart:
 uart_mock:
   id: mock_uart
   baud_rate: 256000
+  auto_start: false
   injections:
     # Phase 1 (t=100ms): Valid LD2410 engineering mode data frame
     # Captured from a real Screek Human Presence Sensor 1U with LD2410 firmware 2.4.x
@@ -154,3 +155,10 @@ binary_sensor:
       name: "Has Still Target"
     out_pin_presence_status:
       name: "Out Pin Presence"
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    id: start_scenario_btn
+    on_press:
+      - lambda: 'id(mock_uart).start_scenario();'
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412.yaml
index a502f36a25..9cf9d6bb87 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412.yaml
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ uart:
 uart_mock:
   id: mock_uart
   baud_rate: 256000
+  auto_start: false
   injections:
     # Phase 1 (t=100ms): Valid LD2412 normal mode data frame - happy path
     # The buffer is clean at this point, so this frame should parse correctly.
@@ -169,3 +170,10 @@ binary_sensor:
       name: "Has Still Target"
       filters:
         - settle: 50ms
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    id: start_scenario_btn
+    on_press:
+      - lambda: 'id(mock_uart).start_scenario();'
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412_engineering.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412_engineering.yaml
index 3c669fc9a9..103dbed132 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412_engineering.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412_engineering.yaml
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ uart:
 uart_mock:
   id: mock_uart
   baud_rate: 256000
+  auto_start: false
   injections:
     # Phase 1 (t=100ms): Valid LD2412 engineering mode data frame
     #
@@ -211,3 +212,10 @@ binary_sensor:
       name: "Has Still Target"
       filters:
         - settle: 50ms
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    id: start_scenario_btn
+    on_press:
+      - lambda: 'id(mock_uart).start_scenario();'
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus.yaml
index 89b9b91861..0a3492a0d2 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus.yaml
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ uart_mock:
     baud_rate: 9600
     rx_full_threshold: 120
     rx_timeout: 2
+    auto_start: false
     debug:
     responses:
       - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x01, 0x74, 0x0A] # Read holding register 1 on device 1
@@ -38,3 +39,10 @@ sensor:
     name: "basic_register"
     address: 0x03
     register_type: holding
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    id: start_scenario_btn
+    on_press:
+      - lambda: 'id(virtual_uart_dev).start_scenario();'
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_timing.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_timing.yaml
index cd485ca394..c4e29e5fe8 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_timing.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_timing.yaml
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ uart_mock:
     baud_rate: 9600
     rx_full_threshold: 120
     rx_timeout: 2
+    auto_start: false
     debug:
     on_tx:
       - then:
@@ -52,3 +53,10 @@ sensor:
     phase_a:
       voltage:
         name: sdm_voltage
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    id: start_scenario_btn
+    on_press:
+      - lambda: 'id(virtual_uart_dev).start_scenario();'
diff --git a/tests/integration/state_utils.py b/tests/integration/state_utils.py
index b649056f2b..e8c2cc5e66 100644
--- a/tests/integration/state_utils.py
+++ b/tests/integration/state_utils.py
@@ -3,10 +3,17 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import asyncio
+from collections.abc import Callable
 import logging
 from typing import TypeVar
 
-from aioesphomeapi import ButtonInfo, EntityInfo, EntityState
+from aioesphomeapi import (
+    BinarySensorState,
+    ButtonInfo,
+    EntityInfo,
+    EntityState,
+    SensorState,
+)
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -234,3 +241,90 @@ class InitialStateHelper:
             asyncio.TimeoutError: If initial states aren't received within timeout
         """
         await asyncio.wait_for(self._initial_states_received, timeout=timeout)
+
+
+class SensorStateCollector:
+    """Collects sensor and binary sensor state updates and provides wait helpers.
+
+    Usage:
+        collector = SensorStateCollector(
+            sensor_names=["moving_distance", "still_distance"],
+            binary_sensor_names=["has_target"],
+        )
+        # Use collector.on_state as the callback (or wrap it)
+        client.subscribe_states(helper.on_state_wrapper(collector.on_state))
+
+        # Wait for all sensors to have at least one value
+        await collector.wait_for_all(timeout=3.0)
+
+        # Access collected states
+        assert collector.sensor_states["moving_distance"][0] == approx(100.0)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        sensor_names: list[str],
+        binary_sensor_names: list[str] | None = None,
+        entities: list[EntityInfo] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.sensor_states: dict[str, list[float]] = {name: [] for name in sensor_names}
+        self.binary_states: dict[str, list[bool]] = {
+            name: [] for name in (binary_sensor_names or [])
+        }
+        self._key_to_sensor: dict[int, str] = {}
+        self._waiters: list[tuple[Callable[[], bool], asyncio.Future[bool]]] = []
+
+        if entities is not None:
+            self.build_key_mapping(entities)
+
+    def build_key_mapping(self, entities: list[EntityInfo]) -> None:
+        """Build key-to-name mapping from entities. Sorted by descending length."""
+        all_names = list(self.sensor_states.keys()) + list(self.binary_states.keys())
+        all_names.sort(key=len, reverse=True)
+        self._key_to_sensor = build_key_to_entity_mapping(entities, all_names)
+
+    def on_state(self, state: EntityState) -> None:
+        """Process a state update."""
+        if isinstance(state, SensorState) and not state.missing_state:
+            sensor_name = self._key_to_sensor.get(state.key)
+            if sensor_name and sensor_name in self.sensor_states:
+                self.sensor_states[sensor_name].append(state.state)
+                self._check_waiters()
+        elif isinstance(state, BinarySensorState):
+            sensor_name = self._key_to_sensor.get(state.key)
+            if sensor_name and sensor_name in self.binary_states:
+                self.binary_states[sensor_name].append(state.state)
+                self._check_waiters()
+
+    def _check_waiters(self) -> None:
+        """Check all pending waiters and resolve any whose condition is met."""
+        for condition, future in self._waiters:
+            if not future.done() and condition():
+                future.set_result(True)
+
+    def _all_have_values(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if all sensor and binary sensor lists have at least one value."""
+        return all(len(v) >= 1 for v in self.sensor_states.values()) and all(
+            len(v) >= 1 for v in self.binary_states.values()
+        )
+
+    async def wait_for_all(self, timeout: float = 3.0) -> None:
+        """Wait until all sensors and binary sensors have at least one value."""
+        if self._all_have_values():
+            return
+        future: asyncio.Future[bool] = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_future()
+        self._waiters.append((self._all_have_values, future))
+        await asyncio.wait_for(future, timeout=timeout)
+
+    def add_waiter(self, condition: Callable[[], bool]) -> asyncio.Future[bool]:
+        """Add a custom waiter that resolves when condition returns True.
+
+        Returns:
+            A future that resolves when the condition is met.
+        """
+        future: asyncio.Future[bool] = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_future()
+        if condition():
+            future.set_result(True)
+        else:
+            self._waiters.append((condition, future))
+        return future
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2410.py b/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2410.py
index e01d6ff8e8..ce0e1bb7ec 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2410.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2410.py
@@ -21,16 +21,10 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import asyncio
 from pathlib import Path
 
-from aioesphomeapi import (
-    BinarySensorInfo,
-    BinarySensorState,
-    EntityState,
-    SensorInfo,
-    SensorState,
-)
+from aioesphomeapi import ButtonInfo
 import pytest
 
-from .state_utils import InitialStateHelper, build_key_to_entity_mapping, find_entity
+from .state_utils import InitialStateHelper, SensorStateCollector, find_entity
 from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
 
 
@@ -64,100 +58,65 @@ async def test_uart_mock_ld2410(
         if "uart_mock" in line and "TX " in line:
             tx_log_lines.append(line)
 
-    # Track sensor state updates (after initial state is swallowed)
-    sensor_states: dict[str, list[float]] = {
-        "moving_distance": [],
-        "still_distance": [],
-        "moving_energy": [],
-        "still_energy": [],
-        "detection_distance": [],
-    }
-    binary_states: dict[str, list[bool]] = {
-        "has_target": [],
-        "has_moving_target": [],
-        "has_still_target": [],
-    }
+    collector = SensorStateCollector(
+        sensor_names=[
+            "moving_distance",
+            "still_distance",
+            "moving_energy",
+            "still_energy",
+            "detection_distance",
+        ],
+        binary_sensor_names=[
+            "has_target",
+            "has_moving_target",
+            "has_still_target",
+        ],
+    )
 
     # Signal when we see recovery frame values
-    recovery_received = loop.create_future()
-
-    def on_state(state: EntityState) -> None:
-        if isinstance(state, SensorState) and not state.missing_state:
-            sensor_name = key_to_sensor.get(state.key)
-            if sensor_name and sensor_name in sensor_states:
-                sensor_states[sensor_name].append(state.state)
-                # Check if this is the recovery frame (moving_distance = 50)
-                if (
-                    sensor_name == "moving_distance"
-                    and state.state == pytest.approx(50.0)
-                    and not recovery_received.done()
-                ):
-                    recovery_received.set_result(True)
-        elif isinstance(state, BinarySensorState):
-            sensor_name = key_to_sensor.get(state.key)
-            if sensor_name and sensor_name in binary_states:
-                binary_states[sensor_name].append(state.state)
+    recovery_received = collector.add_waiter(
+        lambda: pytest.approx(50.0) in collector.sensor_states["moving_distance"]
+    )
 
     async with (
         run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=line_callback),
         api_client_connected() as client,
     ):
         entities, _ = await client.list_entities_services()
-
-        # Build key mappings for all sensor types
-        all_names = list(sensor_states.keys()) + list(binary_states.keys())
-        key_to_sensor = build_key_to_entity_mapping(entities, all_names)
+        collector.build_key_mapping(entities)
 
         # Set up initial state helper
         initial_state_helper = InitialStateHelper(entities)
-        client.subscribe_states(initial_state_helper.on_state_wrapper(on_state))
+        client.subscribe_states(
+            initial_state_helper.on_state_wrapper(collector.on_state)
+        )
 
         try:
             await initial_state_helper.wait_for_initial_states()
         except TimeoutError:
             pytest.fail("Timeout waiting for initial states")
 
-        # Phase 1 values are in the initial states (swallowed by InitialStateHelper).
-        # Verify them via initial_states dict.
-        moving_dist_entity = find_entity(entities, "moving_distance", SensorInfo)
-        assert moving_dist_entity is not None
-        initial_moving = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(moving_dist_entity.key)
-        assert initial_moving is not None and isinstance(initial_moving, SensorState)
-        assert initial_moving.state == pytest.approx(100.0), (
-            f"Initial moving distance should be 100, got {initial_moving.state}"
-        )
+        # Start the UART mock scenario now that we're subscribed
+        start_btn = find_entity(entities, "start_scenario", ButtonInfo)
+        assert start_btn is not None, "Start Scenario button not found"
+        client.button_command(start_btn.key)
 
-        still_dist_entity = find_entity(entities, "still_distance", SensorInfo)
-        assert still_dist_entity is not None
-        initial_still = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(still_dist_entity.key)
-        assert initial_still is not None and isinstance(initial_still, SensorState)
-        assert initial_still.state == pytest.approx(120.0), (
-            f"Initial still distance should be 120, got {initial_still.state}"
-        )
+        # Wait for Phase 1 - all sensors and binary sensors have at least one value
+        try:
+            await collector.wait_for_all(timeout=3.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(
+                f"Timeout waiting for Phase 1 frame. Received:\n"
+                f"  sensor_states: {collector.sensor_states}\n"
+                f"  binary_states: {collector.binary_states}"
+            )
 
-        moving_energy_entity = find_entity(entities, "moving_energy", SensorInfo)
-        assert moving_energy_entity is not None
-        initial_me = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(moving_energy_entity.key)
-        assert initial_me is not None and isinstance(initial_me, SensorState)
-        assert initial_me.state == pytest.approx(50.0), (
-            f"Initial moving energy should be 50, got {initial_me.state}"
-        )
-
-        still_energy_entity = find_entity(entities, "still_energy", SensorInfo)
-        assert still_energy_entity is not None
-        initial_se = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(still_energy_entity.key)
-        assert initial_se is not None and isinstance(initial_se, SensorState)
-        assert initial_se.state == pytest.approx(25.0), (
-            f"Initial still energy should be 25, got {initial_se.state}"
-        )
-
-        detect_dist_entity = find_entity(entities, "detection_distance", SensorInfo)
-        assert detect_dist_entity is not None
-        initial_dd = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(detect_dist_entity.key)
-        assert initial_dd is not None and isinstance(initial_dd, SensorState)
-        assert initial_dd.state == pytest.approx(300.0), (
-            f"Initial detection distance should be 300, got {initial_dd.state}"
-        )
+        # Phase 1 values: moving=100, still=120, energy=50/25, detect=300
+        assert collector.sensor_states["moving_distance"][0] == pytest.approx(100.0)
+        assert collector.sensor_states["still_distance"][0] == pytest.approx(120.0)
+        assert collector.sensor_states["moving_energy"][0] == pytest.approx(50.0)
+        assert collector.sensor_states["still_energy"][0] == pytest.approx(25.0)
+        assert collector.sensor_states["detection_distance"][0] == pytest.approx(300.0)
 
         # Wait for the recovery frame (Phase 5) to be parsed
         # This proves the component survived garbage + truncated + overflow
@@ -165,12 +124,8 @@ async def test_uart_mock_ld2410(
             await asyncio.wait_for(recovery_received, timeout=15.0)
         except TimeoutError:
             pytest.fail(
-                f"Timeout waiting for recovery frame. Received sensor states:\n"
-                f"  moving_distance: {sensor_states['moving_distance']}\n"
-                f"  still_distance: {sensor_states['still_distance']}\n"
-                f"  moving_energy: {sensor_states['moving_energy']}\n"
-                f"  still_energy: {sensor_states['still_energy']}\n"
-                f"  detection_distance: {sensor_states['detection_distance']}"
+                f"Timeout waiting for recovery frame. Received:\n"
+                f"  sensor_states: {collector.sensor_states}"
             )
 
         # Verify overflow warning was logged
@@ -183,67 +138,36 @@ async def test_uart_mock_ld2410(
         # A5 (MAC), AB (distance res), AE (light), 61 (params), FE (config off)
         assert len(tx_log_lines) > 0, "Expected TX log lines from uart_mock"
         tx_data = " ".join(tx_log_lines)
-        # Verify command frame header appears (FD:FC:FB:FA)
         assert "FD:FC:FB:FA" in tx_data, (
             "Expected LD2410 command frame header FD:FC:FB:FA in TX log"
         )
-        # Verify command frame footer appears (04:03:02:01)
         assert "04:03:02:01" in tx_data, (
             "Expected LD2410 command frame footer 04:03:02:01 in TX log"
         )
 
-        # Recovery frame values (Phase 5, after overflow)
-        assert len(sensor_states["moving_distance"]) >= 1, (
-            f"Expected recovery moving_distance, got: {sensor_states['moving_distance']}"
-        )
-        # Find the recovery value (moving_distance = 50)
-        recovery_values = [
-            v for v in sensor_states["moving_distance"] if v == pytest.approx(50.0)
-        ]
-        assert len(recovery_values) >= 1, (
-            f"Expected moving_distance=50 in recovery, got: {sensor_states['moving_distance']}"
-        )
-
         # Recovery frame: moving=50, still=75, energy=100/80, detect=127
         recovery_idx = next(
             i
-            for i, v in enumerate(sensor_states["moving_distance"])
+            for i, v in enumerate(collector.sensor_states["moving_distance"])
             if v == pytest.approx(50.0)
         )
-        assert sensor_states["still_distance"][recovery_idx] == pytest.approx(75.0), (
-            f"Recovery still distance should be 75, got {sensor_states['still_distance'][recovery_idx]}"
+        assert collector.sensor_states["still_distance"][recovery_idx] == pytest.approx(
+            75.0
         )
-        assert sensor_states["moving_energy"][recovery_idx] == pytest.approx(100.0), (
-            f"Recovery moving energy should be 100, got {sensor_states['moving_energy'][recovery_idx]}"
+        assert collector.sensor_states["moving_energy"][recovery_idx] == pytest.approx(
+            100.0
         )
-        assert sensor_states["still_energy"][recovery_idx] == pytest.approx(80.0), (
-            f"Recovery still energy should be 80, got {sensor_states['still_energy'][recovery_idx]}"
-        )
-        assert sensor_states["detection_distance"][recovery_idx] == pytest.approx(
-            127.0
-        ), (
-            f"Recovery detection distance should be 127, got {sensor_states['detection_distance'][recovery_idx]}"
+        assert collector.sensor_states["still_energy"][recovery_idx] == pytest.approx(
+            80.0
         )
+        assert collector.sensor_states["detection_distance"][
+            recovery_idx
+        ] == pytest.approx(127.0)
 
-        # Verify binary sensors detected targets
-        # Binary sensors could be in initial states or forwarded states
-        has_target_entity = find_entity(entities, "has_target", BinarySensorInfo)
-        assert has_target_entity is not None
-        initial_ht = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(has_target_entity.key)
-        assert initial_ht is not None and isinstance(initial_ht, BinarySensorState)
-        assert initial_ht.state is True, "Has target should be True"
-
-        has_moving_entity = find_entity(entities, "has_moving_target", BinarySensorInfo)
-        assert has_moving_entity is not None
-        initial_hm = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(has_moving_entity.key)
-        assert initial_hm is not None and isinstance(initial_hm, BinarySensorState)
-        assert initial_hm.state is True, "Has moving target should be True"
-
-        has_still_entity = find_entity(entities, "has_still_target", BinarySensorInfo)
-        assert has_still_entity is not None
-        initial_hs = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(has_still_entity.key)
-        assert initial_hs is not None and isinstance(initial_hs, BinarySensorState)
-        assert initial_hs.state is True, "Has still target should be True"
+        # Verify binary sensors detected targets (from Phase 1 frame)
+        assert collector.binary_states["has_target"][0] is True
+        assert collector.binary_states["has_moving_target"][0] is True
+        assert collector.binary_states["has_still_target"][0] is True
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -260,133 +184,82 @@ async def test_uart_mock_ld2410_engineering(
         "EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH", external_components_path
     )
 
-    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    collector = SensorStateCollector(
+        sensor_names=[
+            "moving_distance",
+            "still_distance",
+            "moving_energy",
+            "still_energy",
+            "detection_distance",
+            "light",
+            "gate_0_move_energy",
+            "gate_1_move_energy",
+            "gate_2_move_energy",
+            "gate_0_still_energy",
+            "gate_1_still_energy",
+            "gate_2_still_energy",
+        ],
+        binary_sensor_names=[
+            "has_target",
+            "has_moving_target",
+            "has_still_target",
+            "out_pin_presence",
+        ],
+    )
 
-    # Track sensor state updates (after initial state is swallowed)
-    sensor_states: dict[str, list[float]] = {
-        "moving_distance": [],
-        "still_distance": [],
-        "moving_energy": [],
-        "still_energy": [],
-        "detection_distance": [],
-        "light": [],
-        "gate_0_move_energy": [],
-        "gate_1_move_energy": [],
-        "gate_2_move_energy": [],
-        "gate_0_still_energy": [],
-        "gate_1_still_energy": [],
-        "gate_2_still_energy": [],
-    }
-    binary_states: dict[str, list[bool]] = {
-        "has_target": [],
-        "has_moving_target": [],
-        "has_still_target": [],
-        "out_pin_presence": [],
-    }
-
-    # Signal when we see Phase 3 frame (still_distance = 291)
-    phase3_received = loop.create_future()
-
-    def on_state(state: EntityState) -> None:
-        if isinstance(state, SensorState) and not state.missing_state:
-            sensor_name = key_to_sensor.get(state.key)
-            if sensor_name and sensor_name in sensor_states:
-                sensor_states[sensor_name].append(state.state)
-                if (
-                    sensor_name == "still_distance"
-                    and state.state == pytest.approx(291.0)
-                    and not phase3_received.done()
-                ):
-                    phase3_received.set_result(True)
-        elif isinstance(state, BinarySensorState):
-            sensor_name = key_to_sensor.get(state.key)
-            if sensor_name and sensor_name in binary_states:
-                binary_states[sensor_name].append(state.state)
+    # Signal when we see Phase 3 frame values
+    phase3_received = collector.add_waiter(
+        lambda: pytest.approx(291.0) in collector.sensor_states["still_distance"]
+    )
 
     async with (
         run_compiled(yaml_config),
         api_client_connected() as client,
     ):
         entities, _ = await client.list_entities_services()
-
-        all_names = list(sensor_states.keys()) + list(binary_states.keys())
-        key_to_sensor = build_key_to_entity_mapping(entities, all_names)
+        collector.build_key_mapping(entities)
 
         initial_state_helper = InitialStateHelper(entities)
-        client.subscribe_states(initial_state_helper.on_state_wrapper(on_state))
+        client.subscribe_states(
+            initial_state_helper.on_state_wrapper(collector.on_state)
+        )
 
         try:
             await initial_state_helper.wait_for_initial_states()
         except TimeoutError:
             pytest.fail("Timeout waiting for initial states")
 
-        # Phase 1 initial values (engineering mode frame):
+        # Start the UART mock scenario now that we're subscribed
+        start_btn = find_entity(entities, "start_scenario", ButtonInfo)
+        assert start_btn is not None, "Start Scenario button not found"
+        client.button_command(start_btn.key)
+
+        # Wait for Phase 1 - all sensors and binary sensors have at least one value
+        try:
+            await collector.wait_for_all(timeout=3.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(
+                f"Timeout waiting for Phase 1 frame. Received:\n"
+                f"  sensor_states: {collector.sensor_states}\n"
+                f"  binary_states: {collector.binary_states}"
+            )
+
+        # Phase 1 values (engineering mode frame):
         # moving=30, energy=100, still=30, energy=100, detect=0
-        moving_dist_entity = find_entity(entities, "moving_distance", SensorInfo)
-        assert moving_dist_entity is not None
-        initial_moving = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(moving_dist_entity.key)
-        assert initial_moving is not None and isinstance(initial_moving, SensorState)
-        assert initial_moving.state == pytest.approx(30.0), (
-            f"Initial moving distance should be 30, got {initial_moving.state}"
-        )
-
-        still_dist_entity = find_entity(entities, "still_distance", SensorInfo)
-        assert still_dist_entity is not None
-        initial_still = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(still_dist_entity.key)
-        assert initial_still is not None and isinstance(initial_still, SensorState)
-        assert initial_still.state == pytest.approx(30.0), (
-            f"Initial still distance should be 30, got {initial_still.state}"
-        )
-
-        # Verify engineering mode sensors from initial state
-        # Gate 0 moving energy = 0x64 = 100
-        gate0_move_entity = find_entity(entities, "gate_0_move_energy", SensorInfo)
-        assert gate0_move_entity is not None
-        initial_g0m = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(gate0_move_entity.key)
-        assert initial_g0m is not None and isinstance(initial_g0m, SensorState)
-        assert initial_g0m.state == pytest.approx(100.0), (
-            f"Gate 0 move energy should be 100, got {initial_g0m.state}"
-        )
-
-        # Gate 1 moving energy = 0x41 = 65
-        gate1_move_entity = find_entity(entities, "gate_1_move_energy", SensorInfo)
-        assert gate1_move_entity is not None
-        initial_g1m = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(gate1_move_entity.key)
-        assert initial_g1m is not None and isinstance(initial_g1m, SensorState)
-        assert initial_g1m.state == pytest.approx(65.0), (
-            f"Gate 1 move energy should be 65, got {initial_g1m.state}"
-        )
-
-        # Light sensor = 0x57 = 87
-        light_entity = find_entity(entities, "light", SensorInfo)
-        assert light_entity is not None
-        initial_light = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(light_entity.key)
-        assert initial_light is not None and isinstance(initial_light, SensorState)
-        assert initial_light.state == pytest.approx(87.0), (
-            f"Light sensor should be 87, got {initial_light.state}"
-        )
-
-        # Out pin presence = 0x01 = True
-        out_pin_entity = find_entity(entities, "out_pin_presence", BinarySensorInfo)
-        assert out_pin_entity is not None
-        initial_out = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(out_pin_entity.key)
-        assert initial_out is not None and isinstance(initial_out, BinarySensorState)
-        assert initial_out.state is True, "Out pin presence should be True"
+        assert collector.sensor_states["moving_distance"][0] == pytest.approx(30.0)
+        assert collector.sensor_states["still_distance"][0] == pytest.approx(30.0)
+        assert collector.sensor_states["gate_0_move_energy"][0] == pytest.approx(100.0)
+        assert collector.sensor_states["gate_1_move_energy"][0] == pytest.approx(65.0)
+        assert collector.sensor_states["light"][0] == pytest.approx(87.0)
+        assert collector.binary_states["out_pin_presence"][0] is True
 
         # Wait for Phase 3 frame (still_distance = 291cm, multi-byte)
         try:
             await asyncio.wait_for(phase3_received, timeout=15.0)
         except TimeoutError:
             pytest.fail(
-                f"Timeout waiting for Phase 3 frame. Received sensor states:\n"
-                f"  still_distance: {sensor_states['still_distance']}\n"
-                f"  moving_distance: {sensor_states['moving_distance']}"
+                f"Timeout waiting for Phase 3 frame. Received:\n"
+                f"  still_distance: {collector.sensor_states['still_distance']}"
             )
 
-        # Phase 3: still distance = 0x0123 = 291cm (multi-byte distance test)
-        phase3_still = [
-            v for v in sensor_states["still_distance"] if v == pytest.approx(291.0)
-        ]
-        assert len(phase3_still) >= 1, (
-            f"Expected still_distance=291, got: {sensor_states['still_distance']}"
-        )
+        assert pytest.approx(291.0) in collector.sensor_states["still_distance"]
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2412.py b/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2412.py
index cf7324ceed..a964ba0073 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2412.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2412.py
@@ -21,16 +21,10 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import asyncio
 from pathlib import Path
 
-from aioesphomeapi import (
-    BinarySensorInfo,
-    BinarySensorState,
-    EntityState,
-    SensorInfo,
-    SensorState,
-)
+from aioesphomeapi import ButtonInfo
 import pytest
 
-from .state_utils import InitialStateHelper, build_key_to_entity_mapping, find_entity
+from .state_utils import InitialStateHelper, SensorStateCollector, find_entity
 from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
 
 
@@ -64,104 +58,65 @@ async def test_uart_mock_ld2412(
         if "uart_mock" in line and "TX " in line:
             tx_log_lines.append(line)
 
-    # Track sensor state updates (after initial state is swallowed)
-    sensor_states: dict[str, list[float]] = {
-        "moving_distance": [],
-        "still_distance": [],
-        "moving_energy": [],
-        "still_energy": [],
-        "detection_distance": [],
-    }
-    binary_states: dict[str, list[bool]] = {
-        "has_target": [],
-        "has_moving_target": [],
-        "has_still_target": [],
-    }
+    collector = SensorStateCollector(
+        sensor_names=[
+            "moving_distance",
+            "still_distance",
+            "moving_energy",
+            "still_energy",
+            "detection_distance",
+        ],
+        binary_sensor_names=[
+            "has_target",
+            "has_moving_target",
+            "has_still_target",
+        ],
+    )
 
     # Signal when we see recovery frame values
-    recovery_received = loop.create_future()
-
-    def on_state(state: EntityState) -> None:
-        if isinstance(state, SensorState) and not state.missing_state:
-            sensor_name = key_to_sensor.get(state.key)
-            if sensor_name and sensor_name in sensor_states:
-                sensor_states[sensor_name].append(state.state)
-                # Check if this is the recovery frame (moving_distance = 50)
-                if (
-                    sensor_name == "moving_distance"
-                    and state.state == pytest.approx(50.0)
-                    and not recovery_received.done()
-                ):
-                    recovery_received.set_result(True)
-        elif isinstance(state, BinarySensorState):
-            sensor_name = key_to_sensor.get(state.key)
-            if sensor_name and sensor_name in binary_states:
-                binary_states[sensor_name].append(state.state)
+    recovery_received = collector.add_waiter(
+        lambda: pytest.approx(50.0) in collector.sensor_states["moving_distance"]
+    )
 
     async with (
         run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=line_callback),
         api_client_connected() as client,
     ):
         entities, _ = await client.list_entities_services()
-
-        # Build key mappings for all sensor types
-        all_names = list(sensor_states.keys()) + list(binary_states.keys())
-        # Sort by descending length to avoid substring collisions
-        # (e.g., "still_energy" matching "gate_0_still_energy")
-        all_names.sort(key=len, reverse=True)
-        key_to_sensor = build_key_to_entity_mapping(entities, all_names)
+        collector.build_key_mapping(entities)
 
         # Set up initial state helper
         initial_state_helper = InitialStateHelper(entities)
-        client.subscribe_states(initial_state_helper.on_state_wrapper(on_state))
+        client.subscribe_states(
+            initial_state_helper.on_state_wrapper(collector.on_state)
+        )
 
         try:
             await initial_state_helper.wait_for_initial_states()
         except TimeoutError:
             pytest.fail("Timeout waiting for initial states")
 
-        # Phase 1 values are in the initial states (swallowed by InitialStateHelper).
-        # Verify them via initial_states dict.
-        moving_dist_entity = find_entity(entities, "moving_distance", SensorInfo)
-        assert moving_dist_entity is not None
-        initial_moving = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(moving_dist_entity.key)
-        assert initial_moving is not None and isinstance(initial_moving, SensorState)
-        assert initial_moving.state == pytest.approx(100.0), (
-            f"Initial moving distance should be 100, got {initial_moving.state}"
-        )
+        # Start the UART mock scenario now that we're subscribed
+        start_btn = find_entity(entities, "start_scenario", ButtonInfo)
+        assert start_btn is not None, "Start Scenario button not found"
+        client.button_command(start_btn.key)
 
-        still_dist_entity = find_entity(entities, "still_distance", SensorInfo)
-        assert still_dist_entity is not None
-        initial_still = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(still_dist_entity.key)
-        assert initial_still is not None and isinstance(initial_still, SensorState)
-        assert initial_still.state == pytest.approx(120.0), (
-            f"Initial still distance should be 120, got {initial_still.state}"
-        )
+        # Wait for Phase 1 - all sensors and binary sensors have at least one value
+        try:
+            await collector.wait_for_all(timeout=3.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(
+                f"Timeout waiting for Phase 1 frame. Received:\n"
+                f"  sensor_states: {collector.sensor_states}\n"
+                f"  binary_states: {collector.binary_states}"
+            )
 
-        moving_energy_entity = find_entity(entities, "moving_energy", SensorInfo)
-        assert moving_energy_entity is not None
-        initial_me = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(moving_energy_entity.key)
-        assert initial_me is not None and isinstance(initial_me, SensorState)
-        assert initial_me.state == pytest.approx(50.0), (
-            f"Initial moving energy should be 50, got {initial_me.state}"
-        )
-
-        still_energy_entity = find_entity(entities, "still_energy", SensorInfo)
-        assert still_energy_entity is not None
-        initial_se = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(still_energy_entity.key)
-        assert initial_se is not None and isinstance(initial_se, SensorState)
-        assert initial_se.state == pytest.approx(25.0), (
-            f"Initial still energy should be 25, got {initial_se.state}"
-        )
-
-        # LD2412 detection_distance = moving_distance when MOVE_BITMASK is set
-        detect_dist_entity = find_entity(entities, "detection_distance", SensorInfo)
-        assert detect_dist_entity is not None
-        initial_dd = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(detect_dist_entity.key)
-        assert initial_dd is not None and isinstance(initial_dd, SensorState)
-        assert initial_dd.state == pytest.approx(100.0), (
-            f"Initial detection distance should be 100, got {initial_dd.state}"
-        )
+        # Phase 1 values: moving=100, still=120, energy=50/25, detect=100
+        assert collector.sensor_states["moving_distance"][0] == pytest.approx(100.0)
+        assert collector.sensor_states["still_distance"][0] == pytest.approx(120.0)
+        assert collector.sensor_states["moving_energy"][0] == pytest.approx(50.0)
+        assert collector.sensor_states["still_energy"][0] == pytest.approx(25.0)
+        assert collector.sensor_states["detection_distance"][0] == pytest.approx(100.0)
 
         # Wait for the recovery frame (Phase 5) to be parsed
         # This proves the component survived garbage + truncated + overflow
@@ -169,12 +124,8 @@ async def test_uart_mock_ld2412(
             await asyncio.wait_for(recovery_received, timeout=3.0)
         except TimeoutError:
             pytest.fail(
-                f"Timeout waiting for recovery frame. Received sensor states:\n"
-                f"  moving_distance: {sensor_states['moving_distance']}\n"
-                f"  still_distance: {sensor_states['still_distance']}\n"
-                f"  moving_energy: {sensor_states['moving_energy']}\n"
-                f"  still_energy: {sensor_states['still_energy']}\n"
-                f"  detection_distance: {sensor_states['detection_distance']}"
+                f"Timeout waiting for recovery frame. Received:\n"
+                f"  sensor_states: {collector.sensor_states}"
             )
 
         # Verify overflow warning was logged
@@ -185,67 +136,36 @@ async def test_uart_mock_ld2412(
         # Verify LD2412 sent setup commands (TX logging)
         assert len(tx_log_lines) > 0, "Expected TX log lines from uart_mock"
         tx_data = " ".join(tx_log_lines)
-        # Verify command frame header appears (FD:FC:FB:FA)
         assert "FD:FC:FB:FA" in tx_data, (
             "Expected LD2412 command frame header FD:FC:FB:FA in TX log"
         )
-        # Verify command frame footer appears (04:03:02:01)
         assert "04:03:02:01" in tx_data, (
             "Expected LD2412 command frame footer 04:03:02:01 in TX log"
         )
 
-        # Recovery frame values (Phase 5, after overflow)
-        assert len(sensor_states["moving_distance"]) >= 1, (
-            f"Expected recovery moving_distance, got: {sensor_states['moving_distance']}"
-        )
-        # Find the recovery value (moving_distance = 50)
-        recovery_values = [
-            v for v in sensor_states["moving_distance"] if v == pytest.approx(50.0)
-        ]
-        assert len(recovery_values) >= 1, (
-            f"Expected moving_distance=50 in recovery, got: {sensor_states['moving_distance']}"
-        )
-
         # Recovery frame: moving=50, still=75, energy=100/80, detect=50
         recovery_idx = next(
             i
-            for i, v in enumerate(sensor_states["moving_distance"])
+            for i, v in enumerate(collector.sensor_states["moving_distance"])
             if v == pytest.approx(50.0)
         )
-        assert sensor_states["still_distance"][recovery_idx] == pytest.approx(75.0), (
-            f"Recovery still distance should be 75, got {sensor_states['still_distance'][recovery_idx]}"
+        assert collector.sensor_states["still_distance"][recovery_idx] == pytest.approx(
+            75.0
         )
-        assert sensor_states["moving_energy"][recovery_idx] == pytest.approx(100.0), (
-            f"Recovery moving energy should be 100, got {sensor_states['moving_energy'][recovery_idx]}"
+        assert collector.sensor_states["moving_energy"][recovery_idx] == pytest.approx(
+            100.0
         )
-        assert sensor_states["still_energy"][recovery_idx] == pytest.approx(80.0), (
-            f"Recovery still energy should be 80, got {sensor_states['still_energy'][recovery_idx]}"
-        )
-        # LD2412 detection_distance = moving_distance when MOVE_BITMASK set
-        assert sensor_states["detection_distance"][recovery_idx] == pytest.approx(
-            50.0
-        ), (
-            f"Recovery detection distance should be 50, got {sensor_states['detection_distance'][recovery_idx]}"
+        assert collector.sensor_states["still_energy"][recovery_idx] == pytest.approx(
+            80.0
         )
+        assert collector.sensor_states["detection_distance"][
+            recovery_idx
+        ] == pytest.approx(50.0)
 
-        # Verify binary sensors detected targets
-        has_target_entity = find_entity(entities, "has_target", BinarySensorInfo)
-        assert has_target_entity is not None
-        initial_ht = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(has_target_entity.key)
-        assert initial_ht is not None and isinstance(initial_ht, BinarySensorState)
-        assert initial_ht.state is True, "Has target should be True"
-
-        has_moving_entity = find_entity(entities, "has_moving_target", BinarySensorInfo)
-        assert has_moving_entity is not None
-        initial_hm = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(has_moving_entity.key)
-        assert initial_hm is not None and isinstance(initial_hm, BinarySensorState)
-        assert initial_hm.state is True, "Has moving target should be True"
-
-        has_still_entity = find_entity(entities, "has_still_target", BinarySensorInfo)
-        assert has_still_entity is not None
-        initial_hs = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(has_still_entity.key)
-        assert initial_hs is not None and isinstance(initial_hs, BinarySensorState)
-        assert initial_hs.state is True, "Has still target should be True"
+        # Verify binary sensors detected targets (from Phase 1 frame)
+        assert collector.binary_states["has_target"][0] is True
+        assert collector.binary_states["has_moving_target"][0] is True
+        assert collector.binary_states["has_still_target"][0] is True
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -262,120 +182,75 @@ async def test_uart_mock_ld2412_engineering(
         "EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH", external_components_path
     )
 
-    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
-
-    # Track sensor state updates (after initial state is swallowed)
-    sensor_states: dict[str, list[float]] = {
-        "moving_distance": [],
-        "still_distance": [],
-        "moving_energy": [],
-        "still_energy": [],
-        "detection_distance": [],
-        "light": [],
-        "gate_0_move_energy": [],
-        "gate_1_move_energy": [],
-        "gate_2_move_energy": [],
-        "gate_0_still_energy": [],
-        "gate_1_still_energy": [],
-        "gate_2_still_energy": [],
-    }
-    binary_states: dict[str, list[bool]] = {
-        "has_target": [],
-        "has_moving_target": [],
-        "has_still_target": [],
-    }
+    collector = SensorStateCollector(
+        sensor_names=[
+            "moving_distance",
+            "still_distance",
+            "moving_energy",
+            "still_energy",
+            "detection_distance",
+            "light",
+            "gate_0_move_energy",
+            "gate_1_move_energy",
+            "gate_2_move_energy",
+            "gate_0_still_energy",
+            "gate_1_still_energy",
+            "gate_2_still_energy",
+        ],
+        binary_sensor_names=[
+            "has_target",
+            "has_moving_target",
+            "has_still_target",
+        ],
+    )
 
     # Signal when we see Phase 3 frame values
-    phase3_still_received = loop.create_future()
-    phase3_detect_received = loop.create_future()
-
-    def on_state(state: EntityState) -> None:
-        if isinstance(state, SensorState) and not state.missing_state:
-            sensor_name = key_to_sensor.get(state.key)
-            if sensor_name and sensor_name in sensor_states:
-                sensor_states[sensor_name].append(state.state)
-                if (
-                    sensor_name == "still_distance"
-                    and state.state == pytest.approx(291.0)
-                    and not phase3_still_received.done()
-                ):
-                    phase3_still_received.set_result(True)
-                if (
-                    sensor_name == "detection_distance"
-                    and state.state == pytest.approx(291.0)
-                    and not phase3_detect_received.done()
-                ):
-                    phase3_detect_received.set_result(True)
-        elif isinstance(state, BinarySensorState):
-            sensor_name = key_to_sensor.get(state.key)
-            if sensor_name and sensor_name in binary_states:
-                binary_states[sensor_name].append(state.state)
+    phase3_still_received = collector.add_waiter(
+        lambda: pytest.approx(291.0) in collector.sensor_states["still_distance"]
+    )
+    phase3_detect_received = collector.add_waiter(
+        lambda: pytest.approx(291.0) in collector.sensor_states["detection_distance"]
+    )
 
     async with (
         run_compiled(yaml_config),
         api_client_connected() as client,
     ):
         entities, _ = await client.list_entities_services()
-
-        all_names = list(sensor_states.keys()) + list(binary_states.keys())
-        # Sort by descending length to avoid substring collisions
-        # (e.g., "still_energy" matching "gate_0_still_energy")
-        all_names.sort(key=len, reverse=True)
-        key_to_sensor = build_key_to_entity_mapping(entities, all_names)
+        collector.build_key_mapping(entities)
 
         initial_state_helper = InitialStateHelper(entities)
-        client.subscribe_states(initial_state_helper.on_state_wrapper(on_state))
+        client.subscribe_states(
+            initial_state_helper.on_state_wrapper(collector.on_state)
+        )
 
         try:
             await initial_state_helper.wait_for_initial_states()
         except TimeoutError:
             pytest.fail("Timeout waiting for initial states")
 
-        # Phase 1 initial values (engineering mode frame):
+        # Start the UART mock scenario now that we're subscribed
+        start_btn = find_entity(entities, "start_scenario", ButtonInfo)
+        assert start_btn is not None, "Start Scenario button not found"
+        client.button_command(start_btn.key)
+
+        # Wait for Phase 1 - all sensors and binary sensors have at least one value
+        try:
+            await collector.wait_for_all(timeout=3.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(
+                f"Timeout waiting for Phase 1 frame. Received:\n"
+                f"  sensor_states: {collector.sensor_states}\n"
+                f"  binary_states: {collector.binary_states}"
+            )
+
+        # Phase 1 values (engineering mode frame):
         # moving=30, energy=100, still=30, energy=100, detect=30
-        moving_dist_entity = find_entity(entities, "moving_distance", SensorInfo)
-        assert moving_dist_entity is not None
-        initial_moving = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(moving_dist_entity.key)
-        assert initial_moving is not None and isinstance(initial_moving, SensorState)
-        assert initial_moving.state == pytest.approx(30.0), (
-            f"Initial moving distance should be 30, got {initial_moving.state}"
-        )
-
-        still_dist_entity = find_entity(entities, "still_distance", SensorInfo)
-        assert still_dist_entity is not None
-        initial_still = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(still_dist_entity.key)
-        assert initial_still is not None and isinstance(initial_still, SensorState)
-        assert initial_still.state == pytest.approx(30.0), (
-            f"Initial still distance should be 30, got {initial_still.state}"
-        )
-
-        # Verify engineering mode sensors from initial state
-        # Gate 0 moving energy = 0x64 = 100
-        gate0_move_entity = find_entity(entities, "gate_0_move_energy", SensorInfo)
-        assert gate0_move_entity is not None
-        initial_g0m = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(gate0_move_entity.key)
-        assert initial_g0m is not None and isinstance(initial_g0m, SensorState)
-        assert initial_g0m.state == pytest.approx(100.0), (
-            f"Gate 0 move energy should be 100, got {initial_g0m.state}"
-        )
-
-        # Gate 1 moving energy = 0x41 = 65
-        gate1_move_entity = find_entity(entities, "gate_1_move_energy", SensorInfo)
-        assert gate1_move_entity is not None
-        initial_g1m = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(gate1_move_entity.key)
-        assert initial_g1m is not None and isinstance(initial_g1m, SensorState)
-        assert initial_g1m.state == pytest.approx(65.0), (
-            f"Gate 1 move energy should be 65, got {initial_g1m.state}"
-        )
-
-        # Light sensor = 0x57 = 87
-        light_entity = find_entity(entities, "light", SensorInfo)
-        assert light_entity is not None
-        initial_light = initial_state_helper.initial_states.get(light_entity.key)
-        assert initial_light is not None and isinstance(initial_light, SensorState)
-        assert initial_light.state == pytest.approx(87.0), (
-            f"Light sensor should be 87, got {initial_light.state}"
-        )
+        assert collector.sensor_states["moving_distance"][0] == pytest.approx(30.0)
+        assert collector.sensor_states["still_distance"][0] == pytest.approx(30.0)
+        assert collector.sensor_states["gate_0_move_energy"][0] == pytest.approx(100.0)
+        assert collector.sensor_states["gate_1_move_energy"][0] == pytest.approx(65.0)
+        assert collector.sensor_states["light"][0] == pytest.approx(87.0)
 
         # Wait for Phase 3 frame: still_distance = 291cm (multi-byte)
         try:
@@ -383,25 +258,18 @@ async def test_uart_mock_ld2412_engineering(
         except TimeoutError:
             pytest.fail(
                 f"Timeout waiting for Phase 3 still_distance. Received:\n"
-                f"  still_distance: {sensor_states['still_distance']}\n"
-                f"  moving_distance: {sensor_states['moving_distance']}"
+                f"  still_distance: {collector.sensor_states['still_distance']}"
             )
 
-        assert pytest.approx(291.0) in sensor_states["still_distance"], (
-            f"Expected still_distance=291, got: {sensor_states['still_distance']}"
-        )
+        assert pytest.approx(291.0) in collector.sensor_states["still_distance"]
 
         # Wait for Phase 3: detection_distance = 291 (still-only target)
-        # target_state=0x02 so LD2412 uses still_distance for detection_distance.
-        # The throttle_with_priority filter may delay this value.
         try:
             await asyncio.wait_for(phase3_detect_received, timeout=3.0)
         except TimeoutError:
             pytest.fail(
-                f"Timeout waiting for detection_distance=291 (still-only target). "
-                f"Received: {sensor_states['detection_distance']}"
+                f"Timeout waiting for detection_distance=291. "
+                f"Received: {collector.sensor_states['detection_distance']}"
             )
 
-        assert pytest.approx(291.0) in sensor_states["detection_distance"], (
-            f"Expected detection_distance=291, got: {sensor_states['detection_distance']}"
-        )
+        assert pytest.approx(291.0) in collector.sensor_states["detection_distance"]
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_modbus.py b/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_modbus.py
index 309cb56dc9..bf3c069750 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_modbus.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_modbus.py
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import asyncio
 from pathlib import Path
 
-from aioesphomeapi import EntityState, SensorState
+from aioesphomeapi import ButtonInfo, EntityState, SensorState
 import pytest
 
-from .state_utils import InitialStateHelper, build_key_to_entity_mapping
+from .state_utils import InitialStateHelper, build_key_to_entity_mapping, find_entity
 from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
 
 
@@ -74,6 +74,11 @@ async def test_uart_mock_modbus(
         except TimeoutError:
             pytest.fail("Timeout waiting for initial states")
 
+        # Start the UART mock scenario now that we're subscribed
+        start_btn = find_entity(entities, "start_scenario", ButtonInfo)
+        assert start_btn is not None, "Start Scenario button not found"
+        client.button_command(start_btn.key)
+
         # Wait for basic register to be updated with successful parse
         try:
             await asyncio.wait_for(basic_register_changed, timeout=15.0)
@@ -143,6 +148,11 @@ async def test_uart_mock_modbus_timing(
         except TimeoutError:
             pytest.fail("Timeout waiting for initial states")
 
+        # Start the UART mock scenario now that we're subscribed
+        start_btn = find_entity(entities, "start_scenario", ButtonInfo)
+        assert start_btn is not None, "Start Scenario button not found"
+        client.button_command(start_btn.key)
+
         # Wait for voltage to be updated with successful parse
         try:
             await asyncio.wait_for(voltage_changed, timeout=15.0)

From 0ff5270632f59a8fd4d7ed25cd71c2ce92ae5b07 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2026 16:57:19 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 358/609] [ci] Fix codeowner approval label workflow for fork
 PRs (#14490)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .github/scripts/codeowners.js                 |  88 +++++++++-
 .../codeowner-approved-label-update.yml       |  95 +++++++++++
 .../workflows/codeowner-approved-label.yml    | 153 +++++-------------
 3 files changed, 217 insertions(+), 119 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/codeowner-approved-label-update.yml

diff --git a/.github/scripts/codeowners.js b/.github/scripts/codeowners.js
index 9a10391699..5d69c11b1a 100644
--- a/.github/scripts/codeowners.js
+++ b/.github/scripts/codeowners.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 //
 // Used by:
 //   - codeowner-review-request.yml
-//   - codeowner-approved-label.yml
+//   - codeowner-approved-label.yml + codeowner-approved-label-update.yml
 //   - auto-label-pr/detectors.js (detectCodeOwner)
 
 /**
@@ -133,11 +133,95 @@ function loadCodeowners(repoRoot = '.') {
   return parseCodeowners(content);
 }
 
+/** Possible label actions returned by determineLabelAction. */
+const LabelAction = Object.freeze({
+  ADD: 'add',
+  REMOVE: 'remove',
+  NONE: 'none',
+});
+
+/**
+ * Determine what label action is needed for a PR based on codeowner approvals.
+ *
+ * Checks changed files against CODEOWNERS patterns, reviews, and current labels
+ * to decide if the label should be added, removed, or left unchanged.
+ *
+ * @param {object} github              - octokit instance from actions/github-script
+ * @param {string} owner               - repo owner
+ * @param {string} repo                - repo name
+ * @param {number} pr_number           - pull request number
+ * @param {Array}  codeownersPatterns   - from loadCodeowners / fetchCodeowners
+ * @param {string} labelName           - label to manage
+ * @returns {Promise<LabelAction>}
+ */
+async function determineLabelAction(github, owner, repo, pr_number, codeownersPatterns, labelName) {
+  // Get the list of changed files in this PR
+  const prFiles = await github.paginate(
+    github.rest.pulls.listFiles,
+    { owner, repo, pull_number: pr_number }
+  );
+
+  const changedFiles = prFiles.map(file => file.filename);
+  console.log(`Found ${changedFiles.length} changed files`);
+
+  if (changedFiles.length === 0) {
+    console.log('No changed files found');
+    return LabelAction.NONE;
+  }
+
+  // Get effective owners using last-match-wins semantics
+  const effective = getEffectiveOwners(changedFiles, codeownersPatterns);
+  const componentCodeowners = effective.users;
+
+  console.log(`Component-specific codeowners: ${Array.from(componentCodeowners).join(', ') || '(none)'}`);
+
+  // Get current labels
+  const { data: currentLabels } = await github.rest.issues.listLabelsOnIssue({
+    owner, repo, issue_number: pr_number
+  });
+  const hasLabel = currentLabels.some(label => label.name === labelName);
+
+  if (componentCodeowners.size === 0) {
+    console.log('No component-specific codeowners found');
+    return hasLabel ? LabelAction.REMOVE : LabelAction.NONE;
+  }
+
+  // Get all reviews and find latest per user
+  const reviews = await github.paginate(
+    github.rest.pulls.listReviews,
+    { owner, repo, pull_number: pr_number }
+  );
+
+  const latestReviewByUser = new Map();
+  for (const review of reviews) {
+    if (!review.user || review.user.type === 'Bot' || review.state === 'COMMENTED') continue;
+    latestReviewByUser.set(review.user.login, review);
+  }
+
+  // Check if any component-specific codeowner has an active approval
+  let hasCodeownerApproval = false;
+  for (const [login, review] of latestReviewByUser) {
+    if (review.state === 'APPROVED' && componentCodeowners.has(login)) {
+      console.log(`Codeowner '${login}' has approved`);
+      hasCodeownerApproval = true;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (hasCodeownerApproval && !hasLabel) return LabelAction.ADD;
+  if (!hasCodeownerApproval && hasLabel) return LabelAction.REMOVE;
+
+  console.log(`Label already ${hasLabel ? 'present' : 'absent'}, no change needed`);
+  return LabelAction.NONE;
+}
+
 module.exports = {
   globToRegex,
   parseCodeowners,
   fetchCodeowners,
   loadCodeowners,
   classifyOwners,
-  getEffectiveOwners
+  getEffectiveOwners,
+  LabelAction,
+  determineLabelAction
 };
diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeowner-approved-label-update.yml b/.github/workflows/codeowner-approved-label-update.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9168cce1d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeowner-approved-label-update.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+# Fallback for fork PRs: phase 1 (codeowner-approved-label.yml) handles
+# non-fork PRs directly but can't write labels on fork PRs (read-only token).
+# This workflow re-determines the action and applies it if needed.
+
+name: Codeowner Approved Label Update
+
+on:
+  workflow_run:
+    workflows: ["Codeowner Approved Label"]
+    types: [completed]
+
+permissions:
+  issues: write
+  pull-requests: read
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  update-label:
+    name: Run
+    if: >
+      github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success' &&
+      github.event.workflow_run.event == 'pull_request_review'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Get PR details
+        id: pr
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+          HEAD_SHA: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.head_sha }}
+          REPO: ${{ github.repository }}
+        run: |
+          pr_data=$(gh pr list --repo "$REPO" --state open --search "$HEAD_SHA" \
+            --json number,baseRefName --jq '.[0] // empty')
+
+          if [ -z "$pr_data" ]; then
+            echo "No open PR found for SHA $HEAD_SHA, skipping"
+            echo "skip=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+
+          pr_number=$(echo "$pr_data" | jq -r '.number')
+          base_ref=$(echo "$pr_data" | jq -r '.baseRefName')
+
+          echo "pr_number=$pr_number" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "base_ref=$base_ref" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "Found PR #$pr_number targeting $base_ref"
+
+      - name: Checkout base repository
+        if: steps.pr.outputs.skip != 'true'
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          repository: ${{ github.repository }}
+          ref: ${{ steps.pr.outputs.base_ref }}
+          sparse-checkout: |
+            .github/scripts/codeowners.js
+            CODEOWNERS
+
+      - name: Update label
+        if: steps.pr.outputs.skip != 'true'
+        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
+        env:
+          PR_NUMBER: ${{ steps.pr.outputs.pr_number }}
+        with:
+          script: |
+            const { loadCodeowners, determineLabelAction, LabelAction } = require('./.github/scripts/codeowners.js');
+
+            const owner = context.repo.owner;
+            const repo = context.repo.repo;
+            const pr_number = parseInt(process.env.PR_NUMBER, 10);
+            const LABEL_NAME = 'code-owner-approved';
+
+            console.log(`Processing PR #${pr_number} for codeowner approval label`);
+
+            const codeownersPatterns = loadCodeowners();
+            const action = await determineLabelAction(
+              github, owner, repo, pr_number, codeownersPatterns, LABEL_NAME
+            );
+
+            if (action === LabelAction.ADD) {
+              await github.rest.issues.addLabels({
+                owner, repo, issue_number: pr_number, labels: [LABEL_NAME]
+              });
+              console.log(`Added '${LABEL_NAME}' label`);
+            } else if (action === LabelAction.REMOVE) {
+              try {
+                await github.rest.issues.removeLabel({
+                  owner, repo, issue_number: pr_number, name: LABEL_NAME
+                });
+                console.log(`Removed '${LABEL_NAME}' label`);
+              } catch (error) {
+                if (error.status !== 404) throw error;
+              }
+            } else {
+              console.log('No label change needed');
+            }
diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeowner-approved-label.yml b/.github/workflows/codeowner-approved-label.yml
index 200f18f544..12199bd0b0 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/codeowner-approved-label.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeowner-approved-label.yml
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-# This workflow adds/removes a 'code-owner-approved' label when a
-# component-specific codeowner approves (or dismisses) a PR.
-# This helps maintainers prioritize PRs that have codeowner sign-off.
+# Adds/removes a 'code-owner-approved' label when a component-specific
+# codeowner approves (or dismisses) a PR.
 #
-# Only component-specific codeowners count — the catch-all @esphome/core
-# team is excluded so the label reflects domain-expert approval.
+# Handles non-fork PRs directly. For fork PRs the GITHUB_TOKEN is read-only,
+# so label writes are deferred to codeowner-approved-label-update.yml which
+# triggers via workflow_run with write permissions.
 
 name: Codeowner Approved Label
 
@@ -26,134 +26,53 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
           ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }}
+          sparse-checkout: |
+            .github/scripts/codeowners.js
+            CODEOWNERS
 
       - name: Check codeowner approval and update label
         uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
+        env:
+          PR_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
         with:
           script: |
-            const { loadCodeowners, getEffectiveOwners } = require('./.github/scripts/codeowners.js');
+            const { loadCodeowners, determineLabelAction, LabelAction } = require('./.github/scripts/codeowners.js');
 
             const owner = context.repo.owner;
             const repo = context.repo.repo;
-            const pr_number = context.payload.pull_request.number;
+            const pr_number = parseInt(process.env.PR_NUMBER, 10);
             const LABEL_NAME = 'code-owner-approved';
 
             console.log(`Processing PR #${pr_number} for codeowner approval label`);
 
+            const codeownersPatterns = loadCodeowners();
+            const action = await determineLabelAction(
+              github, owner, repo, pr_number, codeownersPatterns, LABEL_NAME
+            );
+
+            if (action === LabelAction.NONE) {
+              console.log('No label change needed');
+              return;
+            }
+
             try {
-              // Get the list of changed files in this PR (with pagination)
-              const prFiles = await github.paginate(
-                github.rest.pulls.listFiles,
-                {
-                  owner,
-                  repo,
-                  pull_number: pr_number
-                }
-              );
-
-              const changedFiles = prFiles.map(file => file.filename);
-              console.log(`Found ${changedFiles.length} changed files`);
-
-              if (changedFiles.length === 0) {
-                console.log('No changed files found, skipping');
-                return;
-              }
-
-              // Parse CODEOWNERS from the checked-out base branch
-              const codeownersPatterns = loadCodeowners();
-
-              // Get effective owners using last-match-wins semantics
-              const effective = getEffectiveOwners(changedFiles, codeownersPatterns);
-
-              // Only keep individual component-specific codeowners (exclude teams)
-              const componentCodeowners = effective.users;
-
-              console.log(`Component-specific codeowners for changed files: ${Array.from(componentCodeowners).join(', ') || '(none)'}`);
-
-              if (componentCodeowners.size === 0) {
-                console.log('No component-specific codeowners found for changed files');
-                // Remove label if present since there are no component codeowners
-                try {
-                  await github.rest.issues.removeLabel({
-                    owner,
-                    repo,
-                    issue_number: pr_number,
-                    name: LABEL_NAME
-                  });
-                  console.log(`Removed '${LABEL_NAME}' label (no component codeowners)`);
-                } catch (error) {
-                  if (error.status !== 404) {
-                    console.log(`Failed to remove label: ${error.message}`);
-                  }
-                }
-                return;
-              }
-
-              // Get all reviews on the PR
-              const reviews = await github.paginate(
-                github.rest.pulls.listReviews,
-                {
-                  owner,
-                  repo,
-                  pull_number: pr_number
-                }
-              );
-
-              // Get the latest review per user (reviews are returned chronologically)
-              const latestReviewByUser = new Map();
-              for (const review of reviews) {
-                // Skip bot reviews and comment-only reviews
-                if (!review.user || review.user.type === 'Bot' || review.state === 'COMMENTED') continue;
-                latestReviewByUser.set(review.user.login, review);
-              }
-
-              // Check if any component-specific codeowner has an active approval
-              let hasCodeownerApproval = false;
-              for (const [login, review] of latestReviewByUser) {
-                if (review.state === 'APPROVED' && componentCodeowners.has(login)) {
-                  console.log(`Codeowner '${login}' has approved`);
-                  hasCodeownerApproval = true;
-                  break;
-                }
-              }
-
-              // Get current labels to check if label is already present
-              const { data: currentLabels } = await github.rest.issues.listLabelsOnIssue({
-                owner,
-                repo,
-                issue_number: pr_number
-              });
-              const hasLabel = currentLabels.some(label => label.name === LABEL_NAME);
-
-              if (hasCodeownerApproval && !hasLabel) {
-                // Add the label
+              if (action === LabelAction.ADD) {
                 await github.rest.issues.addLabels({
-                  owner,
-                  repo,
-                  issue_number: pr_number,
-                  labels: [LABEL_NAME]
+                  owner, repo, issue_number: pr_number, labels: [LABEL_NAME]
                 });
                 console.log(`Added '${LABEL_NAME}' label`);
-              } else if (!hasCodeownerApproval && hasLabel) {
-                // Remove the label
-                try {
-                  await github.rest.issues.removeLabel({
-                    owner,
-                    repo,
-                    issue_number: pr_number,
-                    name: LABEL_NAME
-                  });
-                  console.log(`Removed '${LABEL_NAME}' label`);
-                } catch (error) {
-                  if (error.status !== 404) {
-                    console.log(`Failed to remove label: ${error.message}`);
-                  }
-                }
-              } else {
-                console.log(`Label already ${hasLabel ? 'present' : 'absent'}, no change needed`);
+              } else if (action === LabelAction.REMOVE) {
+                await github.rest.issues.removeLabel({
+                  owner, repo, issue_number: pr_number, name: LABEL_NAME
+                });
+                console.log(`Removed '${LABEL_NAME}' label`);
               }
-
             } catch (error) {
-              console.error(error);
-              core.setFailed(`Failed to process codeowner approval label: ${error.message}`);
+              if (error.status === 403) {
+                console.log('Fork PR: deferring label write to phase 2 workflow');
+              } else if (error.status === 404) {
+                console.log('Label already removed');
+              } else {
+                throw error;
+              }
             }

From f5c37bf486d1a8905b7518478fec23a2e6e3b9ae Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clyde Stubbs <2366188+clydebarrow@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 2026 14:24:01 +1100
Subject: [PATCH 359/609] [packet_transport] Minimise heap allocations (#14482)

---
 .../packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp     |  79 ++--
 .../packet_transport/packet_transport.h       |  19 +-
 script/cpp_unit_test.py                       |  44 +-
 tests/components/packet_transport/common.h    |  98 ++++
 .../components/packet_transport/cpp_test.yaml |  11 +
 .../packet_transport_test.cpp                 | 445 ++++++++++++++++++
 6 files changed, 659 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/components/packet_transport/common.h
 create mode 100644 tests/components/packet_transport/cpp_test.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/components/packet_transport/packet_transport_test.cpp

diff --git a/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp b/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp
index d2c5920001..f241cc6114 100644
--- a/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "packet_transport.h"
 
+#include <ranges>
+
 #include "esphome/components/xxtea/xxtea.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
@@ -77,7 +79,7 @@ enum DecodeResult {
   DECODE_EMPTY,
 };
 
-static const size_t MAX_PING_KEYS = 4;
+static constexpr size_t MAX_PING_KEYS = 4;
 
 static inline void add(std::vector<uint8_t> &vec, uint32_t data) {
   vec.push_back(data & 0xFF);
@@ -168,7 +170,7 @@ class PacketDecoder {
     return true;
   }
 
-  bool decrypt(const uint32_t *key) {
+  bool decrypt(const uint32_t *key) const {
     if (this->get_remaining_size() % 4 != 0) {
       return false;
     }
@@ -249,9 +251,9 @@ void PacketTransport::init_data_() {
   } else {
     add(this->data_, DATA_KEY);
   }
-  for (const auto &pkey : this->ping_keys_) {
+  for (auto &value : this->ping_keys_ | std::views::values) {
     add(this->data_, PING_KEY);
-    add(this->data_, pkey.second);
+    add(this->data_, value);
   }
 }
 
@@ -331,7 +333,7 @@ void PacketTransport::update() {
   auto now = millis() / 1000;
   if (this->last_key_time_ + this->ping_pong_recyle_time_ < now) {
     this->resend_ping_key_ = this->ping_pong_enable_;
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Ping request, age %u", now - this->last_key_time_);
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Ping request, age %" PRIu32, now - this->last_key_time_);
     this->last_key_time_ = now;
   }
   for (const auto &provider : this->providers_) {
@@ -339,24 +341,32 @@ void PacketTransport::update() {
     if (key_response_age > (this->ping_pong_recyle_time_ * 2u)) {
 #ifdef USE_STATUS_SENSOR
       if (provider.second.status_sensor != nullptr && provider.second.status_sensor->state) {
-        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Ping status for %s timeout at %u with age %u", provider.first.c_str(), now, key_response_age);
+        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Ping status for %s timeout at %" PRIu32 " with age %" PRIu32, provider.first.c_str(), now,
+                 key_response_age);
         provider.second.status_sensor->publish_state(false);
       }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
-      for (auto &sensor : this->remote_sensors_[provider.first]) {
-        sensor.second->publish_state(NAN);
+      auto it = this->remote_sensors_.find(provider.first);
+      if (it != this->remote_sensors_.end()) {
+        for (auto &val : it->second | std::views::values) {
+          val->publish_state(NAN);
+        }
       }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
-      for (auto &sensor : this->remote_binary_sensors_[provider.first]) {
-        sensor.second->invalidate_state();
+      auto bs_it = this->remote_binary_sensors_.find(provider.first);
+      if (bs_it != this->remote_binary_sensors_.end()) {
+        for (auto &val : bs_it->second | std::views::values) {
+          val->invalidate_state();
+        }
       }
 #endif
     } else {
 #ifdef USE_STATUS_SENSOR
       if (provider.second.status_sensor != nullptr && !provider.second.status_sensor->state) {
-        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Ping status for %s restored at %u with age %u", provider.first.c_str(), now, key_response_age);
+        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Ping status for %s restored at %" PRIu32 " with age %" PRIu32, provider.first.c_str(), now,
+                 key_response_age);
         provider.second.status_sensor->publish_state(true);
       }
 #endif
@@ -367,11 +377,16 @@ void PacketTransport::update() {
 void PacketTransport::add_key_(const char *name, uint32_t key) {
   if (!this->is_encrypted_())
     return;
-  if (this->ping_keys_.count(name) == 0 && this->ping_keys_.size() == MAX_PING_KEYS) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Ping key from %s discarded", name);
-    return;
+  auto it = this->ping_keys_.find(name);
+  if (it == this->ping_keys_.end()) {
+    if (this->ping_keys_.size() == MAX_PING_KEYS) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Ping key from %s discarded", name);
+      return;
+    }
+    this->ping_keys_.emplace(name, key);  // allocates string key once only
+  } else {
+    it->second = key;  // key string already exists in map, no allocation
   }
-  this->ping_keys_[name] = key;
   this->updated_ = true;
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Ping key from %s now %X", name, (unsigned) key);
 }
@@ -431,17 +446,19 @@ void PacketTransport::process_(std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
     return;
   }
 
-  if (this->providers_.count(namebuf) == 0) {
+  auto it = this->providers_.find(namebuf);
+  if (it == this->providers_.end()) {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Unknown hostname %s", namebuf);
     return;
   }
+  auto &provider = it->second;
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Found hostname %s", namebuf);
 
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
-  auto &sensors = this->remote_sensors_[namebuf];
+  auto &sensors = this->remote_sensors_.try_emplace(namebuf).first->second;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
-  auto &binary_sensors = this->remote_binary_sensors_[namebuf];
+  auto &binary_sensors = this->remote_binary_sensors_.try_emplace(namebuf).first->second;
 #endif
 
   if (!decoder.bump_to(4)) {
@@ -453,7 +470,6 @@ void PacketTransport::process_(std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
     return;
   }
 
-  auto &provider = this->providers_[namebuf];
   // if encryption not used with this host, ping check is pointless since it would be easily spoofed.
   if (provider.encryption_key.empty())
     ping_key_seen = true;
@@ -495,16 +511,19 @@ void PacketTransport::process_(std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
     if (decoder.decode(BINARY_SENSOR_KEY, namebuf, sizeof(namebuf), byte) == DECODE_OK) {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Got binary sensor %s %d", namebuf, byte);
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
-      if (binary_sensors.count(namebuf) != 0)
-        binary_sensors[namebuf]->publish_state(byte != 0);
+      auto bs = binary_sensors.find(namebuf);
+      if (bs != binary_sensors.end()) {
+        bs->second->publish_state(byte != 0);
+      }
 #endif
       continue;
     }
     if (decoder.decode(SENSOR_KEY, namebuf, sizeof(namebuf), rdata.u32) == DECODE_OK) {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Got sensor %s %f", namebuf, rdata.f32);
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
-      if (sensors.count(namebuf) != 0)
-        sensors[namebuf]->publish_state(rdata.f32);
+      auto sensor_it = sensors.find(namebuf);
+      if (sensor_it != sensors.end())
+        sensor_it->second->publish_state(rdata.f32);
 #endif
       continue;
     }
@@ -537,12 +556,18 @@ void PacketTransport::dump_config() {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Remote host: %s", host.first.c_str());
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "    Encrypted: %s", YESNO(!host.second.encryption_key.empty()));
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
-    for (const auto &sensor : this->remote_sensors_[host.first.c_str()])
-      ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "    Sensor: %s", sensor.first.c_str());
+    auto rs = this->remote_sensors_.find(host.first.c_str());
+    if (rs != this->remote_sensors_.end()) {
+      for (const auto &key : rs->second | std::views::keys)
+        ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "    Sensor: %s", key.c_str());
+    }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
-    for (const auto &sensor : this->remote_binary_sensors_[host.first.c_str()])
-      ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "    Binary Sensor: %s", sensor.first.c_str());
+    auto rbs = this->remote_binary_sensors_.find(host.first.c_str());
+    if (rbs != this->remote_binary_sensors_.end()) {
+      for (const auto &key : rbs->second | std::views::keys)
+        ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "    Binary Sensor: %s", key.c_str());
+    }
 #endif
   }
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.h b/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.h
index a236744231..b3798738e2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.h
+++ b/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.h
@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace packet_transport {
 
+// std::less provides allocation-free comparison with const char *
+template<typename T> using string_map_t = std::map<std::string, T, std::less<>>;
+
 struct Provider {
   std::vector<uint8_t> encryption_key;
   const char *name;
@@ -79,15 +82,15 @@ class PacketTransport : public PollingComponent {
 #endif
 
   void add_provider(const char *hostname) {
-    if (this->providers_.count(hostname) == 0) {
+    if (!this->providers_.contains(hostname)) {
       Provider provider{};
       provider.name = hostname;
       this->providers_[hostname] = provider;
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
-      this->remote_sensors_[hostname] = std::map<std::string, sensor::Sensor *>();
+      this->remote_sensors_[hostname] = string_map_t<sensor::Sensor *>();
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
-      this->remote_binary_sensors_[hostname] = std::map<std::string, binary_sensor::BinarySensor *>();
+      this->remote_binary_sensors_[hostname] = string_map_t<binary_sensor::BinarySensor *>();
 #endif
     }
   }
@@ -139,23 +142,23 @@ class PacketTransport : public PollingComponent {
 
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
   std::vector<Sensor> sensors_{};
-  std::map<std::string, std::map<std::string, sensor::Sensor *>> remote_sensors_{};
+  string_map_t<string_map_t<sensor::Sensor *>> remote_sensors_{};
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
   std::vector<BinarySensor> binary_sensors_{};
-  std::map<std::string, std::map<std::string, binary_sensor::BinarySensor *>> remote_binary_sensors_{};
+  string_map_t<string_map_t<binary_sensor::BinarySensor *>> remote_binary_sensors_{};
 #endif
 
-  std::map<std::string, Provider> providers_{};
+  string_map_t<Provider> providers_{};
   std::vector<uint8_t> ping_header_{};
   std::vector<uint8_t> header_{};
   std::vector<uint8_t> data_{};
-  std::map<std::string, uint32_t> ping_keys_{};
+  string_map_t<uint32_t> ping_keys_{};
   const char *platform_name_{""};
   void add_key_(const char *name, uint32_t key);
   void send_ping_pong_request_();
 
-  inline bool is_encrypted_() { return !this->encryption_key_.empty(); }
+  bool is_encrypted_() const { return !this->encryption_key_.empty(); }
 };
 
 }  // namespace packet_transport
diff --git a/script/cpp_unit_test.py b/script/cpp_unit_test.py
index 02b133060a..b87261ab33 100755
--- a/script/cpp_unit_test.py
+++ b/script/cpp_unit_test.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.__main__ import command_compile, parse_args
 from esphome.config import validate_config
 from esphome.core import CORE
 from esphome.platformio_api import get_idedata
+from esphome.yaml_util import load_yaml
 
 # This must coincide with the version in /platformio.ini
 PLATFORMIO_GOOGLE_TEST_LIB = "google/googletest@^1.15.2"
@@ -44,6 +45,38 @@ def filter_components_without_tests(components: list[str]) -> list[str]:
     return filtered_components
 
 
+# Name of optional per-component YAML config merged into the test build
+# before validation so that platform defines (USE_SENSOR, etc.) are generated.
+CPP_TEST_CONFIG_FILE = "cpp_test.yaml"
+
+
+def load_component_test_configs(components: list[str]) -> dict:
+    """Load cpp_test.yaml files from test component directories.
+
+    These configs are merged into the base test config *before* validation
+    so that entity registration runs during code generation, which causes
+    the corresponding USE_* defines to be emitted.
+    """
+    merged: dict = {}
+    for component in components:
+        config_file = COMPONENTS_TESTS_DIR / component / CPP_TEST_CONFIG_FILE
+        if not config_file.exists():
+            continue
+        component_config = load_yaml(config_file)
+        if not component_config:
+            continue
+        for key, value in component_config.items():
+            if (
+                key in merged
+                and isinstance(merged[key], list)
+                and isinstance(value, list)
+            ):
+                merged[key].extend(value)
+            else:
+                merged[key] = value
+    return merged
+
+
 def create_test_config(config_name: str, includes: list[str]) -> dict:
     """Create ESPHome test configuration for C++ unit tests.
 
@@ -115,6 +148,11 @@ def run_tests(selected_components: list[str]) -> int:
 
     config = create_test_config(config_name, includes)
 
+    # Merge component-specific test configs (e.g. sensor instances) before
+    # validation so that entity registration and USE_* defines work.
+    extra_config = load_component_test_configs(components)
+    config.update(extra_config)
+
     CORE.config_path = COMPONENTS_TESTS_DIR / "dummy.yaml"
     CORE.dashboard = None
 
@@ -122,8 +160,10 @@ def run_tests(selected_components: list[str]) -> int:
     config = validate_config(config, {})
 
     # Add all components and dependencies to the base configuration after validation, so their files
-    # are added to the build.
-    config.update({key: {} for key in components_with_dependencies})
+    # are added to the build.  Use setdefault to avoid overwriting entries that were
+    # already validated (e.g. sensor instances from cpp_test.yaml).
+    for key in components_with_dependencies:
+        config.setdefault(key, {})
 
     print(f"Testing components: {', '.join(components)}")
     CORE.config = config
diff --git a/tests/components/packet_transport/common.h b/tests/components/packet_transport/common.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f8caa7bb68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/packet_transport/common.h
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <vector>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include "esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.h"
+
+namespace esphome::packet_transport::testing {
+
+// Protocol constants mirrored from packet_transport.cpp for test packet construction.
+static constexpr uint16_t MAGIC_NUMBER = 0x4553;
+static constexpr uint16_t MAGIC_PING = 0x5048;
+
+// Concrete testable implementation of PacketTransport.
+// Captures sent packets and exposes protected members for verification.
+//
+// Sensor round-trip tests require USE_SENSOR / USE_BINARY_SENSOR to be defined,
+// which happens when 'sensor' and 'binary_sensor' components are in the build.
+// Run with --all or include those components to enable the full test suite.
+class TestablePacketTransport : public PacketTransport {
+ public:
+  using PacketTransport::add_key_;
+  using PacketTransport::data_;
+  using PacketTransport::encryption_key_;
+  using PacketTransport::flush_;
+  using PacketTransport::header_;
+  using PacketTransport::increment_code_;
+  using PacketTransport::init_data_;
+  using PacketTransport::is_encrypted_;
+  using PacketTransport::is_provider_;
+  using PacketTransport::name_;
+  using PacketTransport::ping_key_;
+  using PacketTransport::ping_keys_;
+  using PacketTransport::ping_pong_enable_;
+  using PacketTransport::ping_pong_recyle_time_;
+  using PacketTransport::process_;
+  using PacketTransport::providers_;
+  using PacketTransport::rolling_code_;
+  using PacketTransport::rolling_code_enable_;
+  using PacketTransport::send_data_;
+  using PacketTransport::updated_;
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+  using PacketTransport::add_data_;
+  using PacketTransport::remote_sensors_;
+  using PacketTransport::sensors_;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
+  using PacketTransport::add_binary_data_;
+  using PacketTransport::binary_sensors_;
+  using PacketTransport::remote_binary_sensors_;
+#endif
+
+  // NOTE: std::vector is used here for test convenience. For production code,
+  // consider using StaticVector or FixedVector from esphome/core/helpers.h instead.
+  mutable std::vector<std::vector<uint8_t>> sent_packets;
+  size_t max_packet_size{512};
+  bool send_enabled{true};
+
+  void send_packet(const std::vector<uint8_t> &buf) const override { this->sent_packets.push_back(buf); }
+  size_t get_max_packet_size() override { return this->max_packet_size; }
+  bool should_send() override { return this->send_enabled; }
+
+  /// Build the packet header for testing without requiring App or global_preferences.
+  void init_for_test(const char *name) {
+    this->name_ = name;
+    this->header_.clear();
+    // MAGIC_NUMBER as uint16_t little-endian
+    this->header_.push_back(MAGIC_NUMBER & 0xFF);
+    this->header_.push_back((MAGIC_NUMBER >> 8) & 0xFF);
+    // Length-prefixed hostname
+    auto len = strlen(name);
+    this->header_.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(len));
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++)
+      this->header_.push_back(name[i]);
+    // Pad to 4-byte boundary
+    while (this->header_.size() & 0x3)
+      this->header_.push_back(0);
+  }
+};
+
+/// Build a MAGIC_PING packet for testing add_key_ / ping-pong flows.
+inline std::vector<uint8_t> build_ping_packet(const char *hostname, uint32_t key) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> packet;
+  packet.push_back(MAGIC_PING & 0xFF);
+  packet.push_back((MAGIC_PING >> 8) & 0xFF);
+  auto len = strlen(hostname);
+  packet.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(len));
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++)
+    packet.push_back(hostname[i]);
+  packet.push_back(key & 0xFF);
+  packet.push_back((key >> 8) & 0xFF);
+  packet.push_back((key >> 16) & 0xFF);
+  packet.push_back((key >> 24) & 0xFF);
+  return packet;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::packet_transport::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/packet_transport/cpp_test.yaml b/tests/components/packet_transport/cpp_test.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fa39df3c0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/packet_transport/cpp_test.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Extra component configuration required by C++ unit tests.
+# Loaded by cpp_unit_test.py and merged into the test build config
+# before validation, so that platform defines (USE_SENSOR, etc.) are generated.
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: template
+    id: test_cpp_sensor
+
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: template
+    id: test_cpp_binary_sensor
diff --git a/tests/components/packet_transport/packet_transport_test.cpp b/tests/components/packet_transport/packet_transport_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d8f11ca607
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/packet_transport/packet_transport_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,445 @@
+#include "common.h"
+
+namespace esphome::packet_transport::testing {
+
+// --- Configuration setter tests ---
+
+TEST(PacketTransportTest, SetIsProvider) {
+  TestablePacketTransport transport;
+  transport.set_is_provider(true);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(transport.is_provider_);
+}
+
+TEST(PacketTransportTest, SetEncryptionKey) {
+  TestablePacketTransport transport;
+  std::vector<uint8_t> key(32, 0xAB);
+  transport.set_encryption_key(key);
+  EXPECT_EQ(transport.encryption_key_, key);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(transport.is_encrypted_());
+}
+
+TEST(PacketTransportTest, NoEncryptionByDefault) {
+  TestablePacketTransport transport;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(transport.is_encrypted_());
+}
+
+TEST(PacketTransportTest, SetRollingCodeEnable) {
+  TestablePacketTransport transport;
+  transport.set_rolling_code_enable(true);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(transport.rolling_code_enable_);
+}
+
+TEST(PacketTransportTest, SetPingPongEnable) {
+  TestablePacketTransport transport;
+  transport.set_ping_pong_enable(true);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(transport.ping_pong_enable_);
+}
+
+TEST(PacketTransportTest, SetPingPongRecycleTime) {
+  TestablePacketTransport transport;
+  transport.set_ping_pong_recycle_time(600);
+  EXPECT_EQ(transport.ping_pong_recyle_time_, 600u);
+}
+
+// --- Provider management ---
+
+TEST(PacketTransportTest, AddProvider) {
+  TestablePacketTransport transport;
+  transport.add_provider("host1");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(transport.providers_.contains("host1"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(transport.providers_.size(), 1u);
+}
+
+TEST(PacketTransportTest, AddProviderDuplicate) {
+  TestablePacketTransport transport;
+  transport.add_provider("host1");
+  transport.add_provider("host1");
+  EXPECT_EQ(transport.providers_.size(), 1u);
+}
+
+TEST(PacketTransportTest, SetProviderEncryption) {
+  TestablePacketTransport transport;
+  transport.add_provider("host1");
+  std::vector<uint8_t> key(32, 0xCD);
+  transport.set_provider_encryption("host1", key);
+  EXPECT_EQ(transport.providers_["host1"].encryption_key, key);
+}
+
+// --- Sensor management (requires USE_SENSOR / USE_BINARY_SENSOR) ---
+
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+TEST(PacketTransportTest, AddSensor) {
+  TestablePacketTransport transport;
+  sensor::Sensor s;
+  transport.add_sensor("temp", &s);
+  ASSERT_EQ(transport.sensors_.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_STREQ(transport.sensors_[0].id, "temp");
+  EXPECT_EQ(transport.sensors_[0].sensor, &s);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(transport.sensors_[0].updated);
+}
+
+TEST(PacketTransportTest, AddRemoteSensor) {
+  TestablePacketTransport transport;
+  sensor::Sensor s;
+  transport.add_remote_sensor("host1", "remote_temp", &s);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(transport.providers_.contains("host1"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(transport.remote_sensors_["host1"]["remote_temp"], &s);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
+TEST(PacketTransportTest, AddBinarySensor) {
+  TestablePacketTransport transport;
+  binary_sensor::BinarySensor bs;
+  transport.add_binary_sensor("motion", &bs);
+  ASSERT_EQ(transport.binary_sensors_.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_STREQ(transport.binary_sensors_[0].id, "motion");
+  EXPECT_EQ(transport.binary_sensors_[0].sensor, &bs);
+}
+
+TEST(PacketTransportTest, AddRemoteBinarySensor) {
+  TestablePacketTransport transport;
+  binary_sensor::BinarySensor bs;
+  transport.add_remote_binary_sensor("host1", "remote_motion", &bs);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(transport.providers_.contains("host1"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(transport.remote_binary_sensors_["host1"]["remote_motion"], &bs);
+}
+#endif
+
+// --- Unencrypted round-trip tests (require USE_SENSOR / USE_BINARY_SENSOR) ---
+
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+TEST(PacketTransportTest, UnencryptedSensorRoundTrip) {
+  // Encoder
+  TestablePacketTransport encoder;
+  encoder.init_for_test("sender");
+  sensor::Sensor local_sensor;
+  local_sensor.state = 42.5f;
+  encoder.add_sensor("temp", &local_sensor);
+
+  encoder.send_data_(true);
+  ASSERT_EQ(encoder.sent_packets.size(), 1u);
+
+  // Decoder
+  TestablePacketTransport decoder;
+  decoder.init_for_test("receiver");
+  sensor::Sensor remote_sensor;
+  remote_sensor.state = -999.0f;  // sentinel
+  decoder.add_remote_sensor("sender", "temp", &remote_sensor);
+
+  auto &packet = encoder.sent_packets[0];
+  decoder.process_({packet.data(), packet.size()});
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(remote_sensor.state, 42.5f);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
+TEST(PacketTransportTest, UnencryptedBinarySensorRoundTrip) {
+  TestablePacketTransport encoder;
+  encoder.init_for_test("sender");
+  binary_sensor::BinarySensor local_bs;
+  local_bs.state = true;
+  encoder.add_binary_sensor("motion", &local_bs);
+
+  encoder.send_data_(true);
+  ASSERT_EQ(encoder.sent_packets.size(), 1u);
+
+  TestablePacketTransport decoder;
+  decoder.init_for_test("receiver");
+  binary_sensor::BinarySensor remote_bs;
+  decoder.add_remote_binary_sensor("sender", "motion", &remote_bs);
+
+  auto &packet = encoder.sent_packets[0];
+  decoder.process_({packet.data(), packet.size()});
+  EXPECT_TRUE(remote_bs.state);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(USE_SENSOR) && defined(USE_BINARY_SENSOR)
+TEST(PacketTransportTest, MultipleSensorsRoundTrip) {
+  TestablePacketTransport encoder;
+  encoder.init_for_test("sender");
+
+  sensor::Sensor s1, s2;
+  s1.state = 10.0f;
+  s2.state = 20.0f;
+  encoder.add_sensor("s1", &s1);
+  encoder.add_sensor("s2", &s2);
+
+  binary_sensor::BinarySensor bs1;
+  bs1.state = true;
+  encoder.add_binary_sensor("bs1", &bs1);
+
+  encoder.send_data_(true);
+  ASSERT_EQ(encoder.sent_packets.size(), 1u);
+
+  TestablePacketTransport decoder;
+  decoder.init_for_test("receiver");
+  sensor::Sensor rs1, rs2;
+  binary_sensor::BinarySensor rbs1;
+  rs1.state = -999.0f;
+  rs2.state = -999.0f;
+  decoder.add_remote_sensor("sender", "s1", &rs1);
+  decoder.add_remote_sensor("sender", "s2", &rs2);
+  decoder.add_remote_binary_sensor("sender", "bs1", &rbs1);
+
+  auto &packet = encoder.sent_packets[0];
+  decoder.process_({packet.data(), packet.size()});
+
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(rs1.state, 10.0f);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(rs2.state, 20.0f);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(rbs1.state);
+}
+#endif
+
+// --- Encrypted round-trip ---
+
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+TEST(PacketTransportTest, EncryptedSensorRoundTrip) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> key(32);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++)
+    key[i] = i;
+
+  TestablePacketTransport encoder;
+  encoder.init_for_test("sender");
+  encoder.set_encryption_key(key);
+  sensor::Sensor local_sensor;
+  local_sensor.state = 99.9f;
+  encoder.add_sensor("temp", &local_sensor);
+
+  encoder.send_data_(true);
+  ASSERT_EQ(encoder.sent_packets.size(), 1u);
+
+  TestablePacketTransport decoder;
+  decoder.init_for_test("receiver");
+  sensor::Sensor remote_sensor;
+  remote_sensor.state = -999.0f;
+  decoder.add_remote_sensor("sender", "temp", &remote_sensor);
+  decoder.set_provider_encryption("sender", key);
+
+  auto &packet = encoder.sent_packets[0];
+  decoder.process_({packet.data(), packet.size()});
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(remote_sensor.state, 99.9f);
+}
+
+// --- Selective send ---
+
+TEST(PacketTransportTest, SendDataOnlyUpdated) {
+  TestablePacketTransport encoder;
+  encoder.init_for_test("sender");
+
+  sensor::Sensor s1, s2;
+  s1.state = 1.0f;
+  s2.state = 2.0f;
+  encoder.add_sensor("s1", &s1);
+  encoder.add_sensor("s2", &s2);
+
+  // Mark s1 as not updated, only s2 as updated
+  encoder.sensors_[0].updated = false;
+  encoder.sensors_[1].updated = true;
+
+  encoder.send_data_(false);
+  ASSERT_EQ(encoder.sent_packets.size(), 1u);
+
+  TestablePacketTransport decoder;
+  decoder.init_for_test("receiver");
+  sensor::Sensor rs1, rs2;
+  rs1.state = -999.0f;
+  rs2.state = -999.0f;
+  decoder.add_remote_sensor("sender", "s1", &rs1);
+  decoder.add_remote_sensor("sender", "s2", &rs2);
+
+  auto &packet = encoder.sent_packets[0];
+  decoder.process_({packet.data(), packet.size()});
+
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(rs1.state, -999.0f);  // not updated, not sent
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(rs2.state, 2.0f);     // updated, sent
+}
+#endif
+
+// --- Ping key tests ---
+
+TEST(PacketTransportTest, PingKeyStoredWhenEncrypted) {
+  TestablePacketTransport transport;
+  transport.init_for_test("receiver");
+  transport.set_encryption_key(std::vector<uint8_t>(32, 0xAA));
+
+  auto ping = build_ping_packet("requester", 0xDEADBEEF);
+  transport.process_({ping.data(), ping.size()});
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(transport.ping_keys_.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(transport.ping_keys_["requester"], 0xDEADBEEFu);
+}
+
+TEST(PacketTransportTest, PingKeyIgnoredWhenNotEncrypted) {
+  TestablePacketTransport transport;
+  transport.init_for_test("receiver");
+  // No encryption key — add_key_ should be a no-op
+
+  auto ping = build_ping_packet("requester", 0xDEADBEEF);
+  transport.process_({ping.data(), ping.size()});
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(transport.ping_keys_.empty());
+}
+
+TEST(PacketTransportTest, PingKeyUpdatedOnRepeat) {
+  TestablePacketTransport transport;
+  transport.init_for_test("receiver");
+  transport.set_encryption_key(std::vector<uint8_t>(32, 0xAA));
+
+  auto ping1 = build_ping_packet("host1", 0x1111);
+  transport.process_({ping1.data(), ping1.size()});
+  EXPECT_EQ(transport.ping_keys_["host1"], 0x1111u);
+
+  // Same host, new key value — should update in place
+  auto ping2 = build_ping_packet("host1", 0x2222);
+  transport.process_({ping2.data(), ping2.size()});
+  EXPECT_EQ(transport.ping_keys_.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(transport.ping_keys_["host1"], 0x2222u);
+}
+
+TEST(PacketTransportTest, PingKeyMaxLimit) {
+  TestablePacketTransport transport;
+  transport.init_for_test("receiver");
+  transport.set_encryption_key(std::vector<uint8_t>(32, 0xAA));
+
+  // Fill to MAX_PING_KEYS (4)
+  for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+    char name[16];
+    snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "host%d", i);
+    auto ping = build_ping_packet(name, 0x1000 + i);
+    transport.process_({ping.data(), ping.size()});
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(transport.ping_keys_.size(), 4u);
+
+  // 5th key should be discarded
+  auto ping = build_ping_packet("host4", 0x9999);
+  transport.process_({ping.data(), ping.size()});
+  EXPECT_EQ(transport.ping_keys_.size(), 4u);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(transport.ping_keys_.contains("host4"));
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+TEST(PacketTransportTest, PingKeyIncludedInTransmittedPacket) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> key(32, 0xBB);
+
+  // Responder: encrypted, owns a sensor
+  TestablePacketTransport responder;
+  responder.init_for_test("responder");
+  responder.set_encryption_key(key);
+  sensor::Sensor local_sensor;
+  local_sensor.state = 77.7f;
+  responder.add_sensor("temp", &local_sensor);
+
+  // Requester sends a MAGIC_PING that the responder processes
+  auto ping = build_ping_packet("requester", 0xDEADBEEF);
+  responder.process_({ping.data(), ping.size()});
+  ASSERT_EQ(responder.ping_keys_.size(), 1u);
+
+  // Responder sends sensor data — ping key should be embedded
+  responder.send_data_(true);
+  ASSERT_EQ(responder.sent_packets.size(), 1u);
+
+  // Requester: encrypted provider, ping-pong enabled, expects key 0xDEADBEEF
+  TestablePacketTransport requester;
+  requester.init_for_test("requester");
+  requester.set_ping_pong_enable(true);
+  requester.ping_key_ = 0xDEADBEEF;
+  sensor::Sensor remote_sensor;
+  remote_sensor.state = -999.0f;
+  requester.add_remote_sensor("responder", "temp", &remote_sensor);
+  requester.set_provider_encryption("responder", key);
+
+  // The requester decrypts the packet and finds its ping key echoed back,
+  // which gates the sensor data — if the key is missing, data is blocked.
+  auto &packet = responder.sent_packets[0];
+  requester.process_({packet.data(), packet.size()});
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(remote_sensor.state, 77.7f);
+}
+
+TEST(PacketTransportTest, MissingPingKeyBlocksSensorData) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> key(32, 0xBB);
+
+  // Responder sends data WITHOUT receiving any MAGIC_PING first — no ping keys
+  TestablePacketTransport responder;
+  responder.init_for_test("responder");
+  responder.set_encryption_key(key);
+  sensor::Sensor local_sensor;
+  local_sensor.state = 77.7f;
+  responder.add_sensor("temp", &local_sensor);
+  responder.send_data_(true);
+  ASSERT_EQ(responder.sent_packets.size(), 1u);
+
+  // Requester with ping-pong enabled expects a key that isn't in the packet
+  TestablePacketTransport requester;
+  requester.init_for_test("requester");
+  requester.set_ping_pong_enable(true);
+  requester.ping_key_ = 0xDEADBEEF;
+  sensor::Sensor remote_sensor;
+  remote_sensor.state = -999.0f;
+  requester.add_remote_sensor("responder", "temp", &remote_sensor);
+  requester.set_provider_encryption("responder", key);
+
+  auto &packet = responder.sent_packets[0];
+  requester.process_({packet.data(), packet.size()});
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(remote_sensor.state, -999.0f);  // blocked — ping key not found
+}
+#endif
+
+// --- Process error handling ---
+
+TEST(PacketTransportTest, ProcessShortBuffer) {
+  TestablePacketTransport transport;
+  transport.init_for_test("receiver");
+  uint8_t buf[] = {0x53};
+  // Too short for a magic number - should return safely
+  transport.process_({buf, 1});
+}
+
+TEST(PacketTransportTest, ProcessBadMagic) {
+  TestablePacketTransport transport;
+  transport.init_for_test("receiver");
+  uint8_t buf[] = {0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00};
+  // Wrong magic - should return safely
+  transport.process_({buf, sizeof(buf)});
+}
+
+TEST(PacketTransportTest, ProcessOwnHostname) {
+  TestablePacketTransport transport;
+  transport.init_for_test("myself");
+  // Build a packet from "myself" using a separate encoder
+  TestablePacketTransport fake_sender;
+  fake_sender.init_for_test("myself");
+  fake_sender.send_data_(true);
+  ASSERT_EQ(fake_sender.sent_packets.size(), 1u);
+
+  auto &packet = fake_sender.sent_packets[0];
+  // Should be silently ignored because hostname matches our own
+  transport.process_({packet.data(), packet.size()});
+}
+
+TEST(PacketTransportTest, ProcessUnknownHostname) {
+  TestablePacketTransport transport;
+  transport.init_for_test("receiver");
+  // No providers registered - "unknown" will not be found
+  TestablePacketTransport sender;
+  sender.init_for_test("unknown");
+  sender.send_data_(true);
+  ASSERT_EQ(sender.sent_packets.size(), 1u);
+
+  auto &packet = sender.sent_packets[0];
+  // Should return safely without crash
+  transport.process_({packet.data(), packet.size()});
+}
+
+// --- Send disabled ---
+
+TEST(PacketTransportTest, NoSendWhenDisabled) {
+  TestablePacketTransport transport;
+  transport.init_for_test("sender");
+  transport.send_enabled = false;
+  transport.send_data_(true);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(transport.sent_packets.empty());
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::packet_transport::testing

From 0e2a10c5f02cd4ba37ed53dde370bdd0a54c43ac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: rwrozelle <rwrozelle@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 4 Mar 2026 19:34:13 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 360/609] [openthread] Cache is_connected() for cheap inline
 access (#14484)

Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@home-assistant.io>
---
 esphome/components/openthread/openthread.cpp  | 25 ++++++-------------
 esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h    |  5 +++-
 .../components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp  |  3 +++
 3 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.cpp b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.cpp
index 92897a7e96..9452f5a41e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.cpp
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #ifdef USE_OPENTHREAD
 #include "openthread.h"
-#if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 5, 0)
 #include "esp_openthread.h"
-#endif
 
 #include <freertos/portmacro.h>
 
@@ -48,22 +46,15 @@ void OpenThreadComponent::dump_config() {
   }
 }
 
-bool OpenThreadComponent::is_connected() {
-  auto lock = InstanceLock::try_acquire(100);
-  if (!lock) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to acquire OpenThread lock in is_connected");
-    return false;
+void OpenThreadComponent::on_state_changed_(otChangedFlags flags, void *context) {
+  if (flags & OT_CHANGED_THREAD_ROLE) {
+    auto *self = static_cast<OpenThreadComponent *>(context);
+    // This runs on the OpenThread task thread with the OT lock held,
+    // so we can safely call otThreadGetDeviceRole directly.
+    otInstance *instance = esp_openthread_get_instance();
+    otDeviceRole role = otThreadGetDeviceRole(instance);
+    self->connected_ = role >= OT_DEVICE_ROLE_CHILD;
   }
-
-  otInstance *instance = lock->get_instance();
-  if (instance == nullptr) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  otDeviceRole role = otThreadGetDeviceRole(instance);
-
-  // TODO: If we're a leader, check that there is at least 1 known peer
-  return role >= OT_DEVICE_ROLE_CHILD;
 }
 
 // Gets the off-mesh routable address
diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h
index 728847afa5..d853c58f95 100644
--- a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 #include <openthread/srp_client.h>
 #include <openthread/srp_client_buffers.h>
+#include <openthread/instance.h>
 #include <openthread/thread.h>
 
 #include <optional>
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ class OpenThreadComponent : public Component {
   bool teardown() override;
   float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::WIFI; }
 
-  bool is_connected();
+  bool is_connected() const { return this->connected_; }
   network::IPAddresses get_ip_addresses();
   std::optional<otIp6Address> get_omr_address();
   void ot_main();
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ class OpenThreadComponent : public Component {
 
  protected:
   std::optional<otIp6Address> get_omr_address_(InstanceLock &lock);
+  static void on_state_changed_(otChangedFlags flags, void *context);
   std::function<void()> factory_reset_external_callback_;
 #if CONFIG_OPENTHREAD_MTD
   uint32_t poll_period_{0};
@@ -49,6 +51,7 @@ class OpenThreadComponent : public Component {
   std::optional<int8_t> output_power_{};
   bool teardown_started_{false};
   bool teardown_complete_{false};
+  bool connected_{false};
 
  private:
   // Stores a pointer to a string literal (static storage duration).
diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp
index 2af78b729f..2296e32b7f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp
@@ -175,6 +175,9 @@ void OpenThreadComponent::ot_main() {
   // Pass the existing dataset, or NULL which will use the preprocessor definitions
   ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_openthread_auto_start(dataset.mLength > 0 ? &dataset : nullptr));
 
+  // Register state change callback to update connected_ reactively instead of polling
+  otSetStateChangedCallback(instance, OpenThreadComponent::on_state_changed_, this);
+
   esp_openthread_launch_mainloop();
 
   // Clean up

From c49c23d5d90ef0d4463479ffe8a2038252405d4f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 2026 07:21:04 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 361/609] [network] Inline network::is_connected() and ethernet
 is_connected() (#14464)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .../ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp           |  2 -
 .../components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h  |  2 +-
 esphome/components/network/util.cpp           | 44 +-----------------
 esphome/components/network/util.h             | 45 ++++++++++++++++++-
 4 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 47 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp
index f855bc89cc..098f7be972 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp
@@ -687,8 +687,6 @@ void EthernetComponent::start_connect_() {
   this->status_set_warning();
 }
 
-bool EthernetComponent::is_connected() { return this->state_ == EthernetComponentState::CONNECTED; }
-
 void EthernetComponent::dump_connect_params_() {
   esp_netif_ip_info_t ip;
   esp_netif_get_ip_info(this->eth_netif_, &ip);
diff --git a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h
index 1cd44d2b2c..f5a31d78eb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class EthernetComponent : public Component {
   void dump_config() override;
   float get_setup_priority() const override;
   void on_powerdown() override { powerdown(); }
-  bool is_connected();
+  bool is_connected() { return this->state_ == EthernetComponentState::CONNECTED; }
 
 #ifdef USE_ETHERNET_SPI
   void set_clk_pin(uint8_t clk_pin);
diff --git a/esphome/components/network/util.cpp b/esphome/components/network/util.cpp
index e397d77077..226b11b8cd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/network/util.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/network/util.cpp
@@ -1,53 +1,11 @@
 #include "util.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #ifdef USE_NETWORK
-#ifdef USE_WIFI
-#include "esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h"
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_ETHERNET
-#include "esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h"
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_OPENTHREAD
-#include "esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h"
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_MODEM
-#include "esphome/components/modem/modem_component.h"
-#endif
 
 namespace esphome::network {
 
 // The order of the components is important: WiFi should come after any possible main interfaces (it may be used as
-// an AP that use a previous interface for NAT).
-
-bool is_connected() {
-#ifdef USE_ETHERNET
-  if (ethernet::global_eth_component != nullptr && ethernet::global_eth_component->is_connected())
-    return true;
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_MODEM
-  if (modem::global_modem_component != nullptr)
-    return modem::global_modem_component->is_connected();
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_WIFI
-  if (wifi::global_wifi_component != nullptr)
-    return wifi::global_wifi_component->is_connected();
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_OPENTHREAD
-  if (openthread::global_openthread_component != nullptr)
-    return openthread::global_openthread_component->is_connected();
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_HOST
-  return true;  // Assume its connected
-#endif
-  return false;
-}
+// an AP that uses a previous interface for NAT).
 
 bool is_disabled() {
 #ifdef USE_MODEM
diff --git a/esphome/components/network/util.h b/esphome/components/network/util.h
index ae949ab0a8..4b700fe74c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/network/util.h
+++ b/esphome/components/network/util.h
@@ -2,12 +2,55 @@
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #ifdef USE_NETWORK
 #include <string>
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "ip_address.h"
 
+#ifdef USE_ETHERNET
+#include "esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_MODEM
+#include "esphome/components/modem/modem_component.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_WIFI
+#include "esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_OPENTHREAD
+#include "esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h"
+#endif
+
 namespace esphome::network {
 
+// The order of the components is important: WiFi should come after any possible main interfaces (it may be used as
+// an AP that uses a previous interface for NAT).
+
 /// Return whether the node is connected to the network (through wifi, eth, ...)
-bool is_connected();
+ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE inline bool is_connected() {
+#ifdef USE_ETHERNET
+  if (ethernet::global_eth_component != nullptr && ethernet::global_eth_component->is_connected())
+    return true;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_MODEM
+  if (modem::global_modem_component != nullptr)
+    return modem::global_modem_component->is_connected();
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_WIFI
+  if (wifi::global_wifi_component != nullptr)
+    return wifi::global_wifi_component->is_connected();
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_OPENTHREAD
+  if (openthread::global_openthread_component != nullptr)
+    return openthread::global_openthread_component->is_connected();
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_HOST
+  return true;  // Assume it's connected
+#endif
+  return false;
+}
+
 /// Return whether the network is disabled (only wifi for now)
 bool is_disabled();
 /// Get the active network hostname

From 2777d359904e117190e10f353c3601e67012478f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 2026 07:21:44 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 362/609] [api] Devirtualize frame helper calls when protocol
 is fixed at compile time (#14468)

---
 esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp |  5 +++--
 esphome/components/api/api_connection.h   | 12 ++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
index 59476fac25..98ba1abe0b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
@@ -114,9 +114,10 @@ APIConnection::APIConnection(std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> sock, APIServer *pa
     this->helper_ = std::unique_ptr<APIFrameHelper>{new APIPlaintextFrameHelper(std::move(sock))};
   }
 #elif defined(USE_API_PLAINTEXT)
-  this->helper_ = std::unique_ptr<APIFrameHelper>{new APIPlaintextFrameHelper(std::move(sock))};
+  this->helper_ = std::unique_ptr<APIPlaintextFrameHelper>{new APIPlaintextFrameHelper(std::move(sock))};
 #elif defined(USE_API_NOISE)
-  this->helper_ = std::unique_ptr<APIFrameHelper>{new APINoiseFrameHelper(std::move(sock), parent->get_noise_ctx())};
+  this->helper_ =
+      std::unique_ptr<APINoiseFrameHelper>{new APINoiseFrameHelper(std::move(sock), parent->get_noise_ctx())};
 #else
 #error "No frame helper defined"
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
index 37855b2482..aae8db3c68 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
@@ -3,6 +3,12 @@
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #ifdef USE_API
 #include "api_frame_helper.h"
+#ifdef USE_API_NOISE
+#include "api_frame_helper_noise.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_API_PLAINTEXT
+#include "api_frame_helper_plaintext.h"
+#endif
 #include "api_pb2.h"
 #include "api_pb2_service.h"
 #include "api_server.h"
@@ -489,7 +495,13 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
   // === Optimal member ordering for 32-bit systems ===
 
   // Group 1: Pointers (4 bytes each on 32-bit)
+#if defined(USE_API_NOISE) && defined(USE_API_PLAINTEXT)
   std::unique_ptr<APIFrameHelper> helper_;
+#elif defined(USE_API_NOISE)
+  std::unique_ptr<APINoiseFrameHelper> helper_;
+#elif defined(USE_API_PLAINTEXT)
+  std::unique_ptr<APIPlaintextFrameHelper> helper_;
+#endif
   APIServer *parent_;
 
   // Group 2: Iterator union (saves ~16 bytes vs separate iterators)

From a061397469da387ea8086fb494fcfe61861c222b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 2026 13:16:06 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 363/609] [dfrobot_sen0395][sx1509] Fix structural bugs
 (#14494)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/commands.h | 14 ++++++--------
 esphome/components/sx1509/sx1509.cpp          |  6 +++---
 2 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/commands.h b/esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/commands.h
index 3b0551b184..95167efb4d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/commands.h
+++ b/esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/commands.h
@@ -30,11 +30,9 @@ class Command {
 
 class ReadStateCommand : public Command {
  public:
+  ReadStateCommand() { timeout_ms_ = 500; }
   uint8_t execute(DfrobotSen0395Component *parent) override;
   uint8_t on_message(std::string &message) override;
-
- protected:
-  uint32_t timeout_ms_{500};
 };
 
 class PowerCommand : public Command {
@@ -99,12 +97,12 @@ class ResetSystemCommand : public Command {
 
 class SaveCfgCommand : public Command {
  public:
-  SaveCfgCommand() { cmd_ = "saveCfg 0x45670123 0xCDEF89AB 0x956128C6 0xDF54AC89"; }
+  SaveCfgCommand() {
+    cmd_ = "saveCfg 0x45670123 0xCDEF89AB 0x956128C6 0xDF54AC89";
+    cmd_duration_ms_ = 3000;
+    timeout_ms_ = 3500;
+  }
   uint8_t on_message(std::string &message) override;
-
- protected:
-  uint32_t cmd_duration_ms_{3000};
-  uint32_t timeout_ms_{3500};
 };
 
 class LedModeCommand : public Command {
diff --git a/esphome/components/sx1509/sx1509.cpp b/esphome/components/sx1509/sx1509.cpp
index 746ec9cda3..dfe1277297 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sx1509/sx1509.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sx1509/sx1509.cpp
@@ -56,11 +56,11 @@ void SX1509Component::loop() {
       return;
     }
     int row, col;
-    for (row = 0; row < 7; row++) {
+    for (row = 0; row < 8; row++) {
       if (key_data & (1 << row))
         break;
     }
-    for (col = 8; col < 15; col++) {
+    for (col = 8; col < 16; col++) {
       if (key_data & (1 << col))
         break;
     }
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ void SX1509Component::setup_keypad_() {
   this->read_byte_16(REG_DIR_B, &this->ddr_mask_);
   for (int i = 0; i < this->rows_; i++)
     this->ddr_mask_ &= ~(1 << i);
-  for (int i = 8; i < (this->cols_ * 2); i++)
+  for (int i = 8; i < (8 + this->cols_); i++)
     this->ddr_mask_ |= (1 << i);
   this->write_byte_16(REG_DIR_B, this->ddr_mask_);
 

From 01f4275202a8e9e82b2b7486ceefe18f5ffa1238 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 2026 13:16:33 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 364/609] [veml7700] Fix initial settling timeout using raw
 enum instead of milliseconds (#14487)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/veml7700/veml7700.cpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/veml7700/veml7700.cpp b/esphome/components/veml7700/veml7700.cpp
index eb286ba21b..1ed484119b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/veml7700/veml7700.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/veml7700/veml7700.cpp
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ void VEML7700Component::loop() {
     // Datasheet: 2.5 ms before the first measurement is needed, allowing for the correct start of the signal processor
     // and oscillator.
     // Reality: wait for couple integration times to have first samples captured
-    this->set_timeout(2 * this->integration_time_, [this]() { this->state_ = State::IDLE; });
+    this->set_timeout(2 * get_itime_ms(this->integration_time_), [this]() { this->state_ = State::IDLE; });
   }
 
   if (this->is_ready()) {

From 3df4ef9362cb7843f91c28cb2cfef1691dac8c52 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 2026 13:31:26 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 365/609] [ssd1322][ssd1325][ssd1327] Fix nibble mask bug in
 grayscale draw_pixel (#14496)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/ssd1322_base/ssd1322_base.cpp | 2 +-
 esphome/components/ssd1325_base/ssd1325_base.cpp | 2 +-
 esphome/components/ssd1327_base/ssd1327_base.cpp | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1322_base/ssd1322_base.cpp b/esphome/components/ssd1322_base/ssd1322_base.cpp
index 23576e7b2c..1fce826ad9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1322_base/ssd1322_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1322_base/ssd1322_base.cpp
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ void HOT SSD1322::draw_absolute_pixel_internal(int x, int y, Color color) {
   // ensure 'color4' is valid (only 4 bits aka 1 nibble) and shift the bits left when necessary
   color4 = (color4 & SSD1322_COLORMASK) << shift;
   // first mask off the nibble we must change...
-  this->buffer_[pos] &= (~SSD1322_COLORMASK >> shift);
+  this->buffer_[pos] &= (static_cast<uint8_t>(~SSD1322_COLORMASK) >> shift);
   // ...then lay the new nibble back on top. done!
   this->buffer_[pos] |= color4;
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1325_base/ssd1325_base.cpp b/esphome/components/ssd1325_base/ssd1325_base.cpp
index e7d2386ac7..fe7df9674b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1325_base/ssd1325_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1325_base/ssd1325_base.cpp
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ void HOT SSD1325::draw_absolute_pixel_internal(int x, int y, Color color) {
   // ensure 'color4' is valid (only 4 bits aka 1 nibble) and shift the bits left when necessary
   color4 = (color4 & SSD1325_COLORMASK) << shift;
   // first mask off the nibble we must change...
-  this->buffer_[pos] &= (~SSD1325_COLORMASK >> shift);
+  this->buffer_[pos] &= (static_cast<uint8_t>(~SSD1325_COLORMASK) >> shift);
   // ...then lay the new nibble back on top. done!
   this->buffer_[pos] |= color4;
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/ssd1327_base/ssd1327_base.cpp b/esphome/components/ssd1327_base/ssd1327_base.cpp
index 2498bfcd67..87e52206f2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ssd1327_base/ssd1327_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ssd1327_base/ssd1327_base.cpp
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ void HOT SSD1327::draw_absolute_pixel_internal(int x, int y, Color color) {
   // ensure 'color4' is valid (only 4 bits aka 1 nibble) and shift the bits left when necessary
   color4 = (color4 & SSD1327_COLORMASK) << shift;
   // first mask off the nibble we must change...
-  this->buffer_[pos] &= (~SSD1327_COLORMASK >> shift);
+  this->buffer_[pos] &= (static_cast<uint8_t>(~SSD1327_COLORMASK) >> shift);
   // ...then lay the new nibble back on top. done!
   this->buffer_[pos] |= color4;
 }

From 4a5d8449fd28aa80b801dc270a3f2e9e20344794 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 2026 13:33:12 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 366/609] [sht4x][grove_tb6612fng] Fix logic bugs (#14497)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/grove_tb6612fng/grove_tb6612fng.cpp | 2 +-
 esphome/components/sht4x/sht4x.cpp                     | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/grove_tb6612fng/grove_tb6612fng.cpp b/esphome/components/grove_tb6612fng/grove_tb6612fng.cpp
index a249984647..428c8ec4a8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/grove_tb6612fng/grove_tb6612fng.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/grove_tb6612fng/grove_tb6612fng.cpp
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ void GroveMotorDriveTB6612FNG::stepper_run(StepperModeTypeT mode, int16_t steps,
   buffer_[4] = ms_per_step;
   buffer_[5] = (ms_per_step >> 8);
 
-  if (this->write_register(GROVE_MOTOR_DRIVER_I2C_CMD_STEPPER_RUN, buffer_, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+  if (this->write_register(GROVE_MOTOR_DRIVER_I2C_CMD_STEPPER_RUN, buffer_, 6) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Run stepper failed!");
     this->status_set_warning();
     return;
diff --git a/esphome/components/sht4x/sht4x.cpp b/esphome/components/sht4x/sht4x.cpp
index 9d29746f0b..42be326202 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sht4x/sht4x.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sht4x/sht4x.cpp
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ static const uint8_t MEASURECOMMANDS[] = {0xFD, 0xF6, 0xE0};
 static const uint8_t SERIAL_NUMBER_COMMAND = 0x89;
 
 void SHT4XComponent::start_heater_() {
-  uint8_t cmd[] = {MEASURECOMMANDS[this->heater_command_]};
+  uint8_t cmd[] = {this->heater_command_};
 
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Heater turning on");
   if (this->write(cmd, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {

From 9518d88a2aa7a5f7d5b263ffabeddeebd8f9d17d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: rwrozelle <rwrozelle@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 2026 10:35:20 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 367/609] [openthread] static log level code quality
 improvement (#14456)

Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@home-assistant.io>
---
 esphome/components/openthread/__init__.py     | 21 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../openthread/test.esp32-c6-idf.yaml         |  6 ++++++
 2 files changed, 27 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread/__init__.py b/esphome/components/openthread/__init__.py
index 5c64cf31dc..21373b77df 100644
--- a/esphome/components/openthread/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread/__init__.py
@@ -14,9 +14,12 @@ import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_CHANNEL,
     CONF_ENABLE_IPV6,
+    CONF_FRAMEWORK,
     CONF_ID,
+    CONF_LOG_LEVEL,
     CONF_OUTPUT_POWER,
     CONF_USE_ADDRESS,
+    PLATFORM_ESP32,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, TimePeriodMilliseconds
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
@@ -46,6 +49,15 @@ AUTO_LOAD = ["network"]
 CONFLICTS_WITH = ["wifi"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32"]
 
+IDF_TO_OT_LOG_LEVEL = {
+    "NONE": "NONE",
+    "ERROR": "CRIT",
+    "WARN": "WARN",
+    "INFO": "NOTE",
+    "DEBUG": "INFO",
+    "VERBOSE": "DEBG",
+}
+
 CONF_DEVICE_TYPES = [
     "FTD",
     "MTD",
@@ -198,6 +210,15 @@ def _final_validate(_):
             "Please set `enable_ipv6: true` in the `network` configuration."
         )
 
+    if (
+        (esp32_config := full_config.get(PLATFORM_ESP32)) is not None
+        and (fw_config := esp32_config.get(CONF_FRAMEWORK)) is not None
+        and (log_level := fw_config.get(CONF_LOG_LEVEL)) is not None
+    ):
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_OPENTHREAD_LOG_LEVEL_DYNAMIC", False)
+        ot_log_level = IDF_TO_OT_LOG_LEVEL.get(log_level, log_level)
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option(f"CONFIG_OPENTHREAD_LOG_LEVEL_{ot_log_level}", True)
+
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
diff --git a/tests/components/openthread/test.esp32-c6-idf.yaml b/tests/components/openthread/test.esp32-c6-idf.yaml
index 77abc433c1..008edd5397 100644
--- a/tests/components/openthread/test.esp32-c6-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/openthread/test.esp32-c6-idf.yaml
@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+esp32:
+  board: esp32-c6-devkitc-1
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+    log_level: DEBUG
+
 network:
   enable_ipv6: true
 

From e1d0c6da09ecad433c77ff8efdad60c730f020d8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 2026 14:09:23 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 368/609] [dfplayer][ufire_ise][ufire_ec][qmp6988][atm90e26]
 Fix wrong operators and masks (#14491)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@koston.org>
---
 esphome/components/atm90e26/atm90e26.cpp   | 2 +-
 esphome/components/dfplayer/dfplayer.cpp   | 1 +
 esphome/components/qmp6988/qmp6988.cpp     | 2 +-
 esphome/components/ufire_ec/ufire_ec.cpp   | 2 +-
 esphome/components/ufire_ise/ufire_ise.cpp | 2 +-
 5 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/atm90e26/atm90e26.cpp b/esphome/components/atm90e26/atm90e26.cpp
index 2203dd0d71..e6602411bb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/atm90e26/atm90e26.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/atm90e26/atm90e26.cpp
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ float ATM90E26Component::get_reactive_power_() {
 float ATM90E26Component::get_power_factor_() {
   const uint16_t val = this->read16_(ATM90E26_REGISTER_POWERF);  // signed
   if (val & 0x8000) {
-    return -(val & 0x7FF) / 1000.0f;
+    return -(val & 0x7FFF) / 1000.0f;
   } else {
     return val / 1000.0f;
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/dfplayer/dfplayer.cpp b/esphome/components/dfplayer/dfplayer.cpp
index 79f8fd03c3..1e1c33adaf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dfplayer/dfplayer.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/dfplayer/dfplayer.cpp
@@ -260,6 +260,7 @@ void DFPlayer::loop() {
               ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Playback finished (USB drive)");
               this->is_playing_ = false;
               this->on_finished_playback_callback_.call();
+              break;
             case 0x3D:
               ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Playback finished (SD card)");
               this->is_playing_ = false;
diff --git a/esphome/components/qmp6988/qmp6988.cpp b/esphome/components/qmp6988/qmp6988.cpp
index 24fe34e785..17d91c3633 100644
--- a/esphome/components/qmp6988/qmp6988.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/qmp6988/qmp6988.cpp
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ void QMP6988Component::set_power_mode_(uint8_t power_mode) {
 void QMP6988Component::write_filter_(QMP6988IIRFilter filter) {
   uint8_t data;
 
-  data = (filter & 0x03);
+  data = (filter & QMP6988_CONFIG_REG_FILTER_MSK);
   this->write_byte(QMP6988_CONFIG_REG, data);
   delay(10);
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/ufire_ec/ufire_ec.cpp b/esphome/components/ufire_ec/ufire_ec.cpp
index 3868dc92b7..a1c3568a1a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ufire_ec/ufire_ec.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ufire_ec/ufire_ec.cpp
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ static const char *const TAG = "ufire_ec";
 
 void UFireECComponent::setup() {
   uint8_t version;
-  if (!this->read_byte(REGISTER_VERSION, &version) && version != 0xFF) {
+  if (!this->read_byte(REGISTER_VERSION, &version) || version == 0xFF) {
     this->mark_failed();
     return;
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/ufire_ise/ufire_ise.cpp b/esphome/components/ufire_ise/ufire_ise.cpp
index 486a506391..e967fc53c3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ufire_ise/ufire_ise.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ufire_ise/ufire_ise.cpp
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ static const char *const TAG = "ufire_ise";
 
 void UFireISEComponent::setup() {
   uint8_t version;
-  if (!this->read_byte(REGISTER_VERSION, &version) && version != 0xFF) {
+  if (!this->read_byte(REGISTER_VERSION, &version) || version == 0xFF) {
     this->mark_failed();
     return;
   }

From cce7a09fa995692dae38a4fdecc34bd297c167a0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 2026 14:09:34 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 369/609] [pn532_spi] Fix preamble check logic and OOB access
 when full_len is zero (#14486)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/pn532_spi/pn532_spi.cpp | 14 ++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/pn532_spi/pn532_spi.cpp b/esphome/components/pn532_spi/pn532_spi.cpp
index 118421c47f..553c6d26a6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn532_spi/pn532_spi.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pn532_spi/pn532_spi.cpp
@@ -88,9 +88,10 @@ bool PN532Spi::read_response(uint8_t command, std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
 #endif
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Header data: %s", format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, sizeof(hex_buf), header.data(), header.size()));
 
-  if (header[0] != 0x00 && header[1] != 0x00 && header[2] != 0xFF) {
+  if (header[0] != 0x00 || header[1] != 0x00 || header[2] != 0xFF) {
     // invalid packet
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "read data invalid preamble!");
+    this->disable();
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -100,15 +101,20 @@ bool PN532Spi::read_response(uint8_t command, std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
 
   if (!valid_header) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "read data invalid header!");
+    this->disable();
     return false;
   }
 
-  // full length of message, including command response
+  // full length of message, including command response (minimum 2: TFI + command response)
   uint8_t full_len = header[3];
+  if (full_len < 2) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "read data has no payload");
+    this->disable();
+    return false;
+  }
+
   // length of data, excluding command response
   uint8_t len = full_len - 1;
-  if (full_len == 0)
-    len = 0;
 
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Reading response of length %d", len);
 

From e210e414bd0ed93c678ecdc3e8895918a517716d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 2026 09:15:02 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 370/609] [ota] Devirtualize OTA backend calls (#14473)

---
 esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.h  |  4 +--
 .../http_request/ota/ota_http_request.cpp     |  7 +----
 .../http_request/ota/ota_http_request.h       |  4 +--
 esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h          | 13 ---------
 .../ota/ota_backend_arduino_libretiny.cpp     |  2 +-
 .../ota/ota_backend_arduino_libretiny.h       | 16 ++++++-----
 .../ota/ota_backend_arduino_rp2040.cpp        |  2 +-
 .../ota/ota_backend_arduino_rp2040.h          | 16 ++++++-----
 .../components/ota/ota_backend_esp8266.cpp    |  2 +-
 esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp8266.h  | 16 ++++++-----
 .../components/ota/ota_backend_esp_idf.cpp    |  2 +-
 esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp_idf.h  | 16 ++++++-----
 esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_factory.h  | 27 +++++++++++++++++++
 esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_host.cpp   |  2 +-
 esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_host.h     | 16 ++++++-----
 .../web_server/ota/ota_web_server.cpp         |  4 +--
 16 files changed, 84 insertions(+), 65 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_factory.h

diff --git a/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.h b/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.h
index 08edacad92..f3a5952398 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.h
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #ifdef USE_OTA
-#include "esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_factory.h"
 #include "esphome/components/socket/socket.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ class ESPHomeOTAComponent final : public ota::OTAComponent {
 
   socket::ListenSocket *server_{nullptr};
   std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> client_;
-  std::unique_ptr<ota::OTABackend> backend_;
+  ota::OTABackendPtr backend_;
 
   uint32_t client_connect_time_{0};
   uint16_t port_;
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.cpp b/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.cpp
index 0db3a50b47..5dd21c314c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.cpp
@@ -8,10 +8,6 @@
 
 #include "esphome/components/md5/md5.h"
 #include "esphome/components/watchdog/watchdog.h"
-#include "esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h"
-#include "esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp8266.h"
-#include "esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_rp2040.h"
-#include "esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp_idf.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace http_request {
@@ -69,8 +65,7 @@ void OtaHttpRequestComponent::flash() {
   }
 }
 
-void OtaHttpRequestComponent::cleanup_(std::unique_ptr<ota::OTABackend> backend,
-                                       const std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> &container) {
+void OtaHttpRequestComponent::cleanup_(ota::OTABackendPtr backend, const std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> &container) {
   if (this->update_started_) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Aborting OTA backend");
     backend->abort();
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.h b/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.h
index 6d39b0d466..70e4559fa7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.h
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_factory.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class OtaHttpRequestComponent final : public ota::OTAComponent, public Parented<
   void flash();
 
  protected:
-  void cleanup_(std::unique_ptr<ota::OTABackend> backend, const std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> &container);
+  void cleanup_(ota::OTABackendPtr backend, const std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> &container);
   uint8_t do_ota_();
   std::string get_url_with_auth_(const std::string &url);
   bool http_get_md5_();
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h
index e03afd4fc6..bc603a6e9e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h
@@ -49,17 +49,6 @@ enum OTAState {
   OTA_ERROR,
 };
 
-class OTABackend {
- public:
-  virtual ~OTABackend() = default;
-  virtual OTAResponseTypes begin(size_t image_size) = 0;
-  virtual void set_update_md5(const char *md5) = 0;
-  virtual OTAResponseTypes write(uint8_t *data, size_t len) = 0;
-  virtual OTAResponseTypes end() = 0;
-  virtual void abort() = 0;
-  virtual bool supports_compression() = 0;
-};
-
 /** Listener interface for OTA state changes.
  *
  * Components can implement this interface to receive OTA state updates
@@ -130,7 +119,5 @@ OTAGlobalCallback *get_global_ota_callback();
 // - notify_state_deferred_() when in separate task (e.g., web_server OTA)
 // This ensures proper listener execution in all contexts.
 #endif
-std::unique_ptr<ota::OTABackend> make_ota_backend();
-
 }  // namespace ota
 }  // namespace esphome
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_libretiny.cpp b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_libretiny.cpp
index b4ecad1227..d364f75007 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_libretiny.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_libretiny.cpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ namespace ota {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "ota.arduino_libretiny";
 
-std::unique_ptr<ota::OTABackend> make_ota_backend() { return make_unique<ota::ArduinoLibreTinyOTABackend>(); }
+std::unique_ptr<ArduinoLibreTinyOTABackend> make_ota_backend() { return make_unique<ArduinoLibreTinyOTABackend>(); }
 
 OTAResponseTypes ArduinoLibreTinyOTABackend::begin(size_t image_size) {
   // Handle UPDATE_SIZE_UNKNOWN (0) which is used by web server OTA
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_libretiny.h b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_libretiny.h
index 8f9d268eec..4514bf84bd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_libretiny.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_libretiny.h
@@ -7,19 +7,21 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace ota {
 
-class ArduinoLibreTinyOTABackend final : public OTABackend {
+class ArduinoLibreTinyOTABackend final {
  public:
-  OTAResponseTypes begin(size_t image_size) override;
-  void set_update_md5(const char *md5) override;
-  OTAResponseTypes write(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
-  OTAResponseTypes end() override;
-  void abort() override;
-  bool supports_compression() override { return false; }
+  OTAResponseTypes begin(size_t image_size);
+  void set_update_md5(const char *md5);
+  OTAResponseTypes write(uint8_t *data, size_t len);
+  OTAResponseTypes end();
+  void abort();
+  bool supports_compression() { return false; }
 
  private:
   bool md5_set_{false};
 };
 
+std::unique_ptr<ArduinoLibreTinyOTABackend> make_ota_backend();
+
 }  // namespace ota
 }  // namespace esphome
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_rp2040.cpp b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_rp2040.cpp
index ee1ba48d50..e2a57ec665 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_rp2040.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_rp2040.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ namespace ota {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "ota.arduino_rp2040";
 
-std::unique_ptr<ota::OTABackend> make_ota_backend() { return make_unique<ota::ArduinoRP2040OTABackend>(); }
+std::unique_ptr<ArduinoRP2040OTABackend> make_ota_backend() { return make_unique<ArduinoRP2040OTABackend>(); }
 
 OTAResponseTypes ArduinoRP2040OTABackend::begin(size_t image_size) {
   // OTA size of 0 is not currently handled, but
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_rp2040.h b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_rp2040.h
index 6a708f9c57..0956cb4b4b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_rp2040.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_arduino_rp2040.h
@@ -9,19 +9,21 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace ota {
 
-class ArduinoRP2040OTABackend final : public OTABackend {
+class ArduinoRP2040OTABackend final {
  public:
-  OTAResponseTypes begin(size_t image_size) override;
-  void set_update_md5(const char *md5) override;
-  OTAResponseTypes write(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
-  OTAResponseTypes end() override;
-  void abort() override;
-  bool supports_compression() override { return false; }
+  OTAResponseTypes begin(size_t image_size);
+  void set_update_md5(const char *md5);
+  OTAResponseTypes write(uint8_t *data, size_t len);
+  OTAResponseTypes end();
+  void abort();
+  bool supports_compression() { return false; }
 
  private:
   bool md5_set_{false};
 };
 
+std::unique_ptr<ArduinoRP2040OTABackend> make_ota_backend();
+
 }  // namespace ota
 }  // namespace esphome
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp8266.cpp b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp8266.cpp
index 4b84708cd9..1f9a77e426 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp8266.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp8266.cpp
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ namespace esphome::ota {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "ota.esp8266";
 
-std::unique_ptr<ota::OTABackend> make_ota_backend() { return make_unique<ota::ESP8266OTABackend>(); }
+std::unique_ptr<ESP8266OTABackend> make_ota_backend() { return make_unique<ESP8266OTABackend>(); }
 
 OTAResponseTypes ESP8266OTABackend::begin(size_t image_size) {
   // Handle UPDATE_SIZE_UNKNOWN (0) by calculating available space
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp8266.h b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp8266.h
index 52f657f006..6213289acc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp8266.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp8266.h
@@ -12,15 +12,15 @@ namespace esphome::ota {
 /// OTA backend for ESP8266 using native SDK functions.
 /// This implementation bypasses the Arduino Updater library to save ~228 bytes of RAM
 /// by not having a global Update object in .bss.
-class ESP8266OTABackend final : public OTABackend {
+class ESP8266OTABackend final {
  public:
-  OTAResponseTypes begin(size_t image_size) override;
-  void set_update_md5(const char *md5) override;
-  OTAResponseTypes write(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
-  OTAResponseTypes end() override;
-  void abort() override;
+  OTAResponseTypes begin(size_t image_size);
+  void set_update_md5(const char *md5);
+  OTAResponseTypes write(uint8_t *data, size_t len);
+  OTAResponseTypes end();
+  void abort();
   // Compression supported in all ESP8266 Arduino versions ESPHome supports (>= 2.7.0)
-  bool supports_compression() override { return true; }
+  bool supports_compression() { return true; }
 
  protected:
   /// Erase flash sector if current address is at sector boundary
@@ -54,5 +54,7 @@ class ESP8266OTABackend final : public OTABackend {
   bool md5_set_{false};
 };
 
+std::unique_ptr<ESP8266OTABackend> make_ota_backend();
+
 }  // namespace esphome::ota
 #endif  // USE_ESP8266
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp_idf.cpp
index 93c65a9624..925bb39645 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp_idf.cpp
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace ota {
 
-std::unique_ptr<ota::OTABackend> make_ota_backend() { return make_unique<ota::IDFOTABackend>(); }
+std::unique_ptr<IDFOTABackend> make_ota_backend() { return make_unique<IDFOTABackend>(); }
 
 OTAResponseTypes IDFOTABackend::begin(size_t image_size) {
 #ifdef USE_OTA_ROLLBACK
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp_idf.h b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp_idf.h
index 7f7f6115c5..a0f538afc0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp_idf.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp_idf.h
@@ -10,14 +10,14 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace ota {
 
-class IDFOTABackend final : public OTABackend {
+class IDFOTABackend final {
  public:
-  OTAResponseTypes begin(size_t image_size) override;
-  void set_update_md5(const char *md5) override;
-  OTAResponseTypes write(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
-  OTAResponseTypes end() override;
-  void abort() override;
-  bool supports_compression() override { return false; }
+  OTAResponseTypes begin(size_t image_size);
+  void set_update_md5(const char *md5);
+  OTAResponseTypes write(uint8_t *data, size_t len);
+  OTAResponseTypes end();
+  void abort();
+  bool supports_compression() { return false; }
 
  private:
   esp_ota_handle_t update_handle_{0};
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ class IDFOTABackend final : public OTABackend {
   bool md5_set_{false};
 };
 
+std::unique_ptr<IDFOTABackend> make_ota_backend();
+
 }  // namespace ota
 }  // namespace esphome
 #endif  // USE_ESP32
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_factory.h b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_factory.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7c79f02702
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_factory.h
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ota_backend.h"
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+#include "ota_backend_esp8266.h"
+#elif defined(USE_ESP32)
+#include "ota_backend_esp_idf.h"
+#elif defined(USE_RP2040)
+#include "ota_backend_arduino_rp2040.h"
+#elif defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
+#include "ota_backend_arduino_libretiny.h"
+#elif defined(USE_HOST)
+#include "ota_backend_host.h"
+#else
+// Stub for static analysis when no platform is defined
+namespace esphome::ota {
+struct StubOTABackend {};
+std::unique_ptr<StubOTABackend> make_ota_backend();
+}  // namespace esphome::ota
+#endif
+
+namespace esphome::ota {
+using OTABackendPtr = decltype(make_ota_backend());
+}  // namespace esphome::ota
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_host.cpp b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_host.cpp
index ddab174bed..2e2132418d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_host.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_host.cpp
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ namespace esphome::ota {
 // Stub implementation - OTA is not supported on host platform.
 // All methods return error codes to allow compilation of configs with OTA triggers.
 
-std::unique_ptr<ota::OTABackend> make_ota_backend() { return make_unique<ota::HostOTABackend>(); }
+std::unique_ptr<HostOTABackend> make_ota_backend() { return make_unique<HostOTABackend>(); }
 
 OTAResponseTypes HostOTABackend::begin(size_t image_size) { return OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_UPDATE_PREPARE; }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_host.h b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_host.h
index 5a2dcfcf39..300facf72f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_host.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_host.h
@@ -7,15 +7,17 @@ namespace esphome::ota {
 /// Stub OTA backend for host platform - allows compilation but does not implement OTA.
 /// All operations return error codes immediately. This enables configurations with
 /// OTA triggers to compile for host platform during development.
-class HostOTABackend final : public OTABackend {
+class HostOTABackend final {
  public:
-  OTAResponseTypes begin(size_t image_size) override;
-  void set_update_md5(const char *md5) override;
-  OTAResponseTypes write(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
-  OTAResponseTypes end() override;
-  void abort() override;
-  bool supports_compression() override { return false; }
+  OTAResponseTypes begin(size_t image_size);
+  void set_update_md5(const char *md5);
+  OTAResponseTypes write(uint8_t *data, size_t len);
+  OTAResponseTypes end();
+  void abort();
+  bool supports_compression() { return false; }
 };
 
+std::unique_ptr<HostOTABackend> make_ota_backend();
+
 }  // namespace esphome::ota
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/ota/ota_web_server.cpp b/esphome/components/web_server/ota/ota_web_server.cpp
index 4be162ccd3..95b166901a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/ota/ota_web_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/ota/ota_web_server.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include "ota_web_server.h"
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_OTA
 
-#include "esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h"
+#include "esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_factory.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class OTARequestHandler : public AsyncWebHandler {
   bool ota_success_{false};
 
  private:
-  std::unique_ptr<ota::OTABackend> ota_backend_{nullptr};
+  ota::OTABackendPtr ota_backend_{nullptr};
 };
 
 void OTARequestHandler::report_ota_progress_(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {

From 44d314d069503831849c5d0de8e7839898f7eddd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Olivier ARCHER <olivier.archer@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 2026 20:22:37 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 371/609] [GPS] fix component Python declaration to match C++
 implementation (#14519)

---
 esphome/components/gps/__init__.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/gps/__init__.py b/esphome/components/gps/__init__.py
index 045a5a6c84..ab48417a4e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gps/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gps/__init__.py
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ AUTO_LOAD = ["sensor"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@coogle", "@ximex"]
 
 gps_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("gps")
-GPS = gps_ns.class_("GPS", cg.Component, uart.UARTDevice)
+GPS = gps_ns.class_("GPS", cg.PollingComponent, uart.UARTDevice)
 GPSListener = gps_ns.class_("GPSListener")
 
 MULTI_CONF = True

From 6f0460b0ee3b34469888ac249b18c5a269648d51 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 2026 14:46:47 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 372/609] [sim800l][tormatic][tx20] Fix OOB access,
 div-by-zero, and off-by-one (#14512)

Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@koston.org>
---
 esphome/components/sim800l/sim800l.cpp         | 5 +++--
 esphome/components/tormatic/tormatic_cover.cpp | 3 +++
 esphome/components/tx20/tx20.cpp               | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/sim800l/sim800l.cpp b/esphome/components/sim800l/sim800l.cpp
index 2115c72cef..913d920c94 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sim800l/sim800l.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sim800l/sim800l.cpp
@@ -196,7 +196,8 @@ void Sim800LComponent::parse_cmd_(std::string message) {
     case STATE_CREG_WAIT: {
       // Response: "+CREG: 0,1" -- the one there means registered ok
       //           "+CREG: -,-" means not registered ok
-      bool registered = message.compare(0, 6, "+CREG:") == 0 && (message[9] == '1' || message[9] == '5');
+      bool registered =
+          message.size() > 9 && message.compare(0, 6, "+CREG:") == 0 && (message[9] == '1' || message[9] == '5');
       if (registered) {
         if (!this->registered_) {
           ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Registered OK");
@@ -205,7 +206,7 @@ void Sim800LComponent::parse_cmd_(std::string message) {
         this->expect_ack_ = true;
       } else {
         ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Registration Fail");
-        if (message[7] == '0') {  // Network registration is disable, enable it
+        if (message.size() > 7 && message[7] == '0') {  // Network registration is disabled, enable it
           send_cmd_("AT+CREG=1");
           this->expect_ack_ = true;
           this->state_ = STATE_SETUP_CMGF;
diff --git a/esphome/components/tormatic/tormatic_cover.cpp b/esphome/components/tormatic/tormatic_cover.cpp
index f567be0674..37a269088e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tormatic/tormatic_cover.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/tormatic/tormatic_cover.cpp
@@ -183,6 +183,9 @@ void Tormatic::recompute_position_() {
     duration = this->close_duration_;
   }
 
+  if (duration == 0)
+    return;
+
   auto delta = direction * diff / duration;
 
   this->position = clamp(this->position + delta, COVER_CLOSED, COVER_OPEN);
diff --git a/esphome/components/tx20/tx20.cpp b/esphome/components/tx20/tx20.cpp
index 6bc5f0bb51..3e0234fac0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tx20/tx20.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/tx20/tx20.cpp
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ void IRAM_ATTR Tx20ComponentStore::gpio_intr(Tx20ComponentStore *arg) {
     arg->tx20_available = true;
     return;
   }
-  if (index <= MAX_BUFFER_SIZE) {
+  if (index < MAX_BUFFER_SIZE) {
     arg->buffer[index] = delay;
   }
   arg->spent_time += delay;

From 05ddc85412c8baf985e76015ed750407faa3d4e0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 2026 14:46:56 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 373/609] [rc522][sml][kamstrup_kmp] Fix buffer bounds checks
 (#14515)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@koston.org>
---
 esphome/components/kamstrup_kmp/kamstrup_kmp.cpp | 4 ++--
 esphome/components/rc522/rc522.cpp               | 1 +
 esphome/components/sml/sml_parser.cpp            | 2 ++
 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/kamstrup_kmp/kamstrup_kmp.cpp b/esphome/components/kamstrup_kmp/kamstrup_kmp.cpp
index 00c65a1937..29de651255 100644
--- a/esphome/components/kamstrup_kmp/kamstrup_kmp.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/kamstrup_kmp/kamstrup_kmp.cpp
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ void KamstrupKMPComponent::read_command_(uint16_t command) {
   int timeout = 250;  // ms
 
   // Read the data from the UART
-  while (timeout > 0) {
+  while (timeout > 0 && buffer_len < static_cast<int>(sizeof(buffer))) {
     if (this->available()) {
       data = this->read();
       if (data > -1) {
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ void KamstrupKMPComponent::parse_command_message_(uint16_t command, const uint8_
 }
 
 void KamstrupKMPComponent::set_sensor_value_(uint16_t command, float value, uint8_t unit_idx) {
-  const char *unit = UNITS[unit_idx];
+  const char *unit = unit_idx < sizeof(UNITS) / sizeof(UNITS[0]) ? UNITS[unit_idx] : "";
 
   // Standard sensors
   if (command == CMD_HEAT_ENERGY && this->heat_energy_sensor_ != nullptr) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/rc522/rc522.cpp b/esphome/components/rc522/rc522.cpp
index 91fae7fa34..c5f7ec2cd4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rc522/rc522.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rc522/rc522.cpp
@@ -169,6 +169,7 @@ void RC522::loop() {
         default:
           ESP_LOGE(TAG, "uid_idx_ invalid, uid_idx_ = %d", uid_idx_);
           state_ = STATE_DONE;
+          return;
       }
       buffer_[1] = 32;
       pcd_transceive_data_(2);
diff --git a/esphome/components/sml/sml_parser.cpp b/esphome/components/sml/sml_parser.cpp
index 16e37949dc..ed086e385d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sml/sml_parser.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sml/sml_parser.cpp
@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@ bool SmlFile::setup_node(SmlNode *node) {
 
   // Check if we need additional length bytes
   if (overlength) {
+    if (this->pos_ + 1 >= this->buffer_.size())
+      return false;
     // Shift the current length to the higher nibble
     // and add the lower nibble of the next byte to the length
     length = (length << 4) + (this->buffer_[this->pos_ + 1] & 0x0f);

From d6f3186b3d11d6d6aa330751ff634c0d1889e911 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 2026 14:47:10 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 374/609] [haier][bedjet][vbus][lightwaverf] Fix buffer
 overflow bugs (#14493)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@koston.org>
---
 esphome/components/bedjet/bedjet_codec.cpp    | 28 +++++++++++++------
 .../components/haier/smartair2_climate.cpp    |  2 +-
 esphome/components/lightwaverf/LwTx.cpp       |  4 +++
 esphome/components/vbus/vbus.cpp              |  4 ++-
 4 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/bedjet/bedjet_codec.cpp b/esphome/components/bedjet/bedjet_codec.cpp
index 9a312e226c..7a959390f3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bedjet/bedjet_codec.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/bedjet/bedjet_codec.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "bedjet_codec.h"
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <cstring>
 
@@ -68,6 +69,10 @@ BedjetPacket *BedjetCodec::get_set_runtime_remaining_request(const uint8_t hour,
 
 /** Decodes the extra bytes that were received after being notified with a partial packet. */
 void BedjetCodec::decode_extra(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t length) {
+  if (length < 5) {
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Received extra: %d bytes (too short)", length);
+    return;
+  }
   ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Received extra: %d bytes: %d %d %d %d", length, data[1], data[2], data[3], data[4]);
   uint8_t offset = this->last_buffer_size_;
   if (offset > 0 && length + offset <= sizeof(BedjetStatusPacket)) {
@@ -90,14 +95,19 @@ void BedjetCodec::decode_extra(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t length) {
  * @return `true` if the packet was decoded and represents a "partial" packet; `false` otherwise.
  */
 bool BedjetCodec::decode_notify(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t length) {
+  if (length < 5) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Received short packet: %d bytes", length);
+    return false;
+  }
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Received: %d bytes: %d %d %d %d", length, data[1], data[2], data[3], data[4]);
 
   if (data[1] == PACKET_FORMAT_V3_HOME && data[3] == PACKET_TYPE_STATUS) {
     // Clear old buffer
     memset(&this->buf_, 0, sizeof(BedjetStatusPacket));
     // Copy new data into buffer
-    memcpy(&this->buf_, data, length);
-    this->last_buffer_size_ = length;
+    size_t copy_len = std::min(static_cast<size_t>(length), sizeof(BedjetStatusPacket));
+    memcpy(&this->buf_, data, copy_len);
+    this->last_buffer_size_ = copy_len;
 
     // TODO: validate the packet checksum?
     if (this->buf_.mode < 7 && this->buf_.target_temp_step >= 38 && this->buf_.target_temp_step <= 86 &&
@@ -113,13 +123,15 @@ bool BedjetCodec::decode_notify(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t length) {
     }
   } else if (data[1] == PACKET_FORMAT_DEBUG || data[3] == PACKET_TYPE_DEBUG) {
     // We don't actually know the packet format for this. Dump packets to log, in case a pattern presents itself.
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG,
-              "received DEBUG packet: set1=%01fF, set2=%01fF, air=%01fF;  [7]=%d, [8]=%d, [9]=%d, [10]=%d, [11]=%d, "
-              "[12]=%d, [-1]=%d",
-              bedjet_temp_to_f(data[4]), bedjet_temp_to_f(data[5]), bedjet_temp_to_f(data[6]), data[7], data[8],
-              data[9], data[10], data[11], data[12], data[length - 1]);
+    if (length >= 13) {
+      ESP_LOGVV(TAG,
+                "received DEBUG packet: set1=%01fF, set2=%01fF, air=%01fF;  [7]=%d, [8]=%d, [9]=%d, [10]=%d, [11]=%d, "
+                "[12]=%d, [-1]=%d",
+                bedjet_temp_to_f(data[4]), bedjet_temp_to_f(data[5]), bedjet_temp_to_f(data[6]), data[7], data[8],
+                data[9], data[10], data[11], data[12], data[length - 1]);
+    }
 
-    if (this->has_status()) {
+    if (this->has_status() && length >= 7) {
       this->status_packet_->ambient_temp_step = data[6];
     }
   } else {
diff --git a/esphome/components/haier/smartair2_climate.cpp b/esphome/components/haier/smartair2_climate.cpp
index d24f8ad849..e91224e2d8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/haier/smartair2_climate.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/haier/smartair2_climate.cpp
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ haier_protocol::HaierMessage Smartair2Climate::get_control_message() {
 }
 
 haier_protocol::HandlerError Smartair2Climate::process_status_message_(const uint8_t *packet_buffer, uint8_t size) {
-  if (size < sizeof(smartair2_protocol::HaierStatus))
+  if (size != sizeof(smartair2_protocol::HaierStatus))
     return haier_protocol::HandlerError::WRONG_MESSAGE_STRUCTURE;
   smartair2_protocol::HaierStatus packet;
   memcpy(&packet, packet_buffer, size);
diff --git a/esphome/components/lightwaverf/LwTx.cpp b/esphome/components/lightwaverf/LwTx.cpp
index f5ef6ddb2c..b69b93b978 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lightwaverf/LwTx.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/lightwaverf/LwTx.cpp
@@ -108,6 +108,10 @@ bool LwTx::lwtx_free() { return !this->tx_msg_active; }
   Send a LightwaveRF message (10 nibbles in bytes)
 **/
 void LwTx::lwtx_send(const std::vector<uint8_t> &msg) {
+  if (msg.size() < TX_MSGLEN) {
+    ESP_LOGW("lightwaverf.sensor", "Message too short: %zu < %u", msg.size(), static_cast<unsigned>(TX_MSGLEN));
+    return;
+  }
   if (this->tx_translate) {
     for (uint8_t i = 0; i < TX_MSGLEN; i++) {
       this->tx_buf[i] = TX_NIBBLE[msg[i] & 0xF];
diff --git a/esphome/components/vbus/vbus.cpp b/esphome/components/vbus/vbus.cpp
index b9496a08de..8616da010d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/vbus/vbus.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/vbus/vbus.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "vbus.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <cinttypes>
 
 namespace esphome {
@@ -106,9 +107,10 @@ void VBus::loop() {
         continue;
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
       char hex_buf[format_hex_size(VBUS_MAX_LOG_BYTES)];
+      size_t log_bytes = std::min(this->buffer_.size(), static_cast<size_t>(VBUS_MAX_LOG_BYTES));
 #endif
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "P2 C%04x %04x->%04x: %s", this->command_, this->source_, this->dest_,
-               format_hex_to(hex_buf, this->buffer_.data(), this->buffer_.size()));
+               format_hex_to(hex_buf, this->buffer_.data(), log_bytes));
       for (auto &listener : this->listeners_)
         listener->on_message(this->command_, this->source_, this->dest_, this->buffer_);
       this->state_ = 0;

From 9961c8180aec582a856b455d35a2e0ae19e2d3e4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 2026 14:47:32 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 375/609] [alpha3][mpu6886][emc2101] Fix copy-paste bugs
 (#14492)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@koston.org>
---
 esphome/components/alpha3/alpha3.cpp   | 2 +-
 esphome/components/emc2101/emc2101.cpp | 2 +-
 esphome/components/mpu6886/mpu6886.cpp | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/alpha3/alpha3.cpp b/esphome/components/alpha3/alpha3.cpp
index f22a8e2444..6e82ec047d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/alpha3/alpha3.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/alpha3/alpha3.cpp
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ void Alpha3::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc
         this->current_sensor_->publish_state(NAN);
       if (this->speed_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->speed_sensor_->publish_state(NAN);
-      if (this->speed_sensor_ != nullptr)
+      if (this->voltage_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->voltage_sensor_->publish_state(NAN);
       break;
     }
diff --git a/esphome/components/emc2101/emc2101.cpp b/esphome/components/emc2101/emc2101.cpp
index 7d85cd31cf..068e25568f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/emc2101/emc2101.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/emc2101/emc2101.cpp
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ void Emc2101Component::setup() {
     config |= EMC2101_DAC_BIT;
   }
   if (this->inverted_) {
-    config |= EMC2101_POLARITY_BIT;
+    reg(EMC2101_REGISTER_FAN_CONFIG) |= EMC2101_POLARITY_BIT;
   }
 
   if (this->dac_mode_) {  // DAC mode configurations
diff --git a/esphome/components/mpu6886/mpu6886.cpp b/esphome/components/mpu6886/mpu6886.cpp
index 68b77b59c9..02747da306 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mpu6886/mpu6886.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mpu6886/mpu6886.cpp
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ void MPU6886Component::setup() {
   accel_config &= 0b11100111;
   accel_config |= (MPU6886_RANGE_2G << 3);
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "    Output accel_config: 0b" BYTE_TO_BINARY_PATTERN, BYTE_TO_BINARY(accel_config));
-  if (!this->write_byte(MPU6886_REGISTER_GYRO_CONFIG, gyro_config)) {
+  if (!this->write_byte(MPU6886_REGISTER_ACCEL_CONFIG, accel_config)) {
     this->mark_failed();
     return;
   }

From 22d90d702d36fb7f91a6fbfc3d69dd554aa2cbe9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 2026 14:47:55 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 376/609] 
 [usb_cdc_acm][scd4x][pulse_counter][mopeka_std_check][ruuvi_ble] Fix assorted
 one-liner bugs (#14495)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .../components/mopeka_std_check/mopeka_std_check.cpp  |  6 +++---
 .../components/mopeka_std_check/mopeka_std_check.h    |  2 +-
 .../components/pulse_counter/pulse_counter_sensor.cpp |  3 ++-
 esphome/components/ruuvi_ble/ruuvi_ble.cpp            | 11 +++++++----
 esphome/components/scd4x/scd4x.cpp                    |  3 ++-
 esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm_esp32.cpp  |  2 +-
 6 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/mopeka_std_check.cpp b/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/mopeka_std_check.cpp
index 6322b550c9..88bd7b02fd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/mopeka_std_check.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/mopeka_std_check.cpp
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ bool MopekaStdCheck::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device)
   }
 
   // Get temperature of sensor
-  uint8_t temp_in_c = this->parse_temperature_(mopeka_data);
+  int8_t temp_in_c = this->parse_temperature_(mopeka_data);
   if (this->temperature_ != nullptr) {
     this->temperature_->publish_state(temp_in_c);
   }
@@ -223,12 +223,12 @@ uint8_t MopekaStdCheck::parse_battery_level_(const mopeka_std_package *message)
   return (uint8_t) percent;
 }
 
-uint8_t MopekaStdCheck::parse_temperature_(const mopeka_std_package *message) {
+int8_t MopekaStdCheck::parse_temperature_(const mopeka_std_package *message) {
   uint8_t tmp = message->raw_temp;
   if (tmp == 0x0) {
     return -40;
   } else {
-    return (uint8_t) ((tmp - 25.0f) * 1.776964f);
+    return static_cast<int8_t>((tmp - 25.0f) * 1.776964f);
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/mopeka_std_check.h b/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/mopeka_std_check.h
index 897b5414ed..45588988c5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/mopeka_std_check.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/mopeka_std_check.h
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ class MopekaStdCheck : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceLi
 
   float get_lpg_speed_of_sound_(float temperature);
   uint8_t parse_battery_level_(const mopeka_std_package *message);
-  uint8_t parse_temperature_(const mopeka_std_package *message);
+  int8_t parse_temperature_(const mopeka_std_package *message);
 };
 
 }  // namespace mopeka_std_check
diff --git a/esphome/components/pulse_counter/pulse_counter_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/pulse_counter/pulse_counter_sensor.cpp
index 5e62c0a410..ec00bd024e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pulse_counter/pulse_counter_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pulse_counter/pulse_counter_sensor.cpp
@@ -175,7 +175,8 @@ void PulseCounterSensor::setup() {
 
 void PulseCounterSensor::set_total_pulses(uint32_t pulses) {
   this->current_total_ = pulses;
-  this->total_sensor_->publish_state(pulses);
+  if (this->total_sensor_ != nullptr)
+    this->total_sensor_->publish_state(pulses);
 }
 
 void PulseCounterSensor::dump_config() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/ruuvi_ble/ruuvi_ble.cpp b/esphome/components/ruuvi_ble/ruuvi_ble.cpp
index 1b126bdef0..bf088873ce 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ruuvi_ble/ruuvi_ble.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ruuvi_ble/ruuvi_ble.cpp
@@ -63,10 +63,13 @@ bool parse_ruuvi_data_byte(const esp32_ble_tracker::adv_data_t &adv_data, RuuviP
       result.acceleration_x = data[6] == 0xFF && data[7] == 0xFF ? NAN : acceleration_x;
       result.acceleration_y = data[8] == 0xFF && data[9] == 0xFF ? NAN : acceleration_y;
       result.acceleration_z = data[10] == 0xFF && data[11] == 0xFF ? NAN : acceleration_z;
-      result.acceleration = result.acceleration_x == NAN || result.acceleration_y == NAN || result.acceleration_z == NAN
-                                ? NAN
-                                : sqrtf(acceleration_x * acceleration_x + acceleration_y * acceleration_y +
-                                        acceleration_z * acceleration_z);
+      if ((data[6] != 0xFF || data[7] != 0xFF) && (data[8] != 0xFF || data[9] != 0xFF) &&
+          (data[10] != 0xFF || data[11] != 0xFF)) {
+        result.acceleration =
+            sqrtf(acceleration_x * acceleration_x + acceleration_y * acceleration_y + acceleration_z * acceleration_z);
+      } else {
+        result.acceleration = NAN;
+      }
       result.battery_voltage = (power_info >> 5) == 0x7FF ? NAN : battery_voltage;
       result.tx_power = (power_info & 0x1F) == 0x1F ? NAN : tx_power;
       result.movement_counter = movement_counter;
diff --git a/esphome/components/scd4x/scd4x.cpp b/esphome/components/scd4x/scd4x.cpp
index a265386cc2..0c108fba9d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/scd4x/scd4x.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/scd4x/scd4x.cpp
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ bool SCD4XComponent::start_measurement_() {
       break;
   }
 
-  static uint8_t remaining_retries = 3;
+  uint8_t remaining_retries = 3;
   while (remaining_retries) {
     if (!this->write_command(measurement_command)) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error starting measurements");
@@ -316,6 +316,7 @@ bool SCD4XComponent::start_measurement_() {
       if (--remaining_retries == 0)
         return false;
       delay(50);  // NOLINT wait 50 ms and try again
+      continue;
     }
     this->status_clear_warning();
     return true;
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm_esp32.cpp
index d33fb80f78..44de986f9a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm_esp32.cpp
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ void USBCDCACMInstance::setup() {
 
   // Create a simple, unique task name per interface
   char task_name[] = "usb_tx_0";
-  task_name[sizeof(task_name) - 1] = format_hex_char(static_cast<char>(this->itf_));
+  task_name[sizeof(task_name) - 2] = format_hex_char(static_cast<char>(this->itf_));
   xTaskCreate(usb_tx_task_fn, task_name, stack_size, this, 4, &this->usb_tx_task_handle_);
 
   if (this->usb_tx_task_handle_ == nullptr) {

From 5c5ea8824edebb74e80a3ff9306add66b76b4b95 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kevin Ahrendt <kevin.ahrendt@openhomefoundation.org>
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 2026 13:51:08 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 377/609] [audio_file] New component for embedding files into
 firmware (#14434)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci-lite[bot] <117423508+pre-commit-ci-lite[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@koston.org>
---
 CODEOWNERS                                    |   1 +
 esphome/components/audio_file/__init__.py     | 255 ++++++++++++++++++
 esphome/components/audio_file/audio_file.h    |  28 ++
 esphome/core/defines.h                        |   1 +
 script/ci-custom.py                           |   1 +
 tests/components/audio_file/common.yaml       |   5 +
 .../components/audio_file/test.esp32-idf.yaml |   1 +
 tests/components/audio_file/test.wav          | Bin 0 -> 46 bytes
 8 files changed, 292 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/audio_file/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/audio_file/audio_file.h
 create mode 100644 tests/components/audio_file/common.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/components/audio_file/test.esp32-idf.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/components/audio_file/test.wav

diff --git a/CODEOWNERS b/CODEOWNERS
index b22f85b71d..7c37b20e09 100644
--- a/CODEOWNERS
+++ b/CODEOWNERS
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ esphome/components/atm90e32/* @circuitsetup @descipher
 esphome/components/audio/* @kahrendt
 esphome/components/audio_adc/* @kbx81
 esphome/components/audio_dac/* @kbx81
+esphome/components/audio_file/* @kahrendt
 esphome/components/axs15231/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/b_parasite/* @rbaron
 esphome/components/ballu/* @bazuchan
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio_file/__init__.py b/esphome/components/audio_file/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3ed6c1cd92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/audio_file/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+import hashlib
+import logging
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import puremagic
+
+from esphome import external_files
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import audio
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_FILE,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_PATH,
+    CONF_RAW_DATA_ID,
+    CONF_TYPE,
+    CONF_URL,
+)
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID, HexInt
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.external_files import download_content
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@kahrendt"]
+
+AUTO_LOAD = ["audio"]
+
+DOMAIN = "audio_file"
+
+audio_file_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("audio_file")
+
+TYPE_LOCAL = "local"
+TYPE_WEB = "web"
+
+
+@dataclass
+class AudioFileData:
+    file_ids: dict[str, ID] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    file_cache: dict[str, tuple[bytes, MockObj]] = field(default_factory=dict)
+
+
+def _get_data() -> AudioFileData:
+    if DOMAIN not in CORE.data:
+        CORE.data[DOMAIN] = AudioFileData()
+    return CORE.data[DOMAIN]
+
+
+def get_audio_file_ids() -> dict[str, ID]:
+    """Get all registered audio file IDs for cross-component access."""
+    return _get_data().file_ids
+
+
+def _compute_local_file_path(value: ConfigType) -> Path:
+    url = value[CONF_URL]
+    h = hashlib.new("sha256")
+    h.update(url.encode())
+    key = h.hexdigest()[:8]
+    base_dir = external_files.compute_local_file_dir(DOMAIN)
+    _LOGGER.debug("_compute_local_file_path: base_dir=%s", base_dir / key)
+    return base_dir / key
+
+
+def _download_web_file(value: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    url = value[CONF_URL]
+    path = _compute_local_file_path(value)
+
+    download_content(url, path)
+    _LOGGER.debug("download_web_file: path=%s", path)
+    return value
+
+
+def _file_schema(value: ConfigType | str) -> ConfigType:
+    if isinstance(value, str):
+        return _validate_file_shorthand(value)
+    return TYPED_FILE_SCHEMA(value)
+
+
+def _validate_file_shorthand(value: str) -> ConfigType:
+    value = cv.string_strict(value)
+    if value.startswith("http://") or value.startswith("https://"):
+        return _file_schema(
+            {
+                CONF_TYPE: TYPE_WEB,
+                CONF_URL: value,
+            }
+        )
+    return _file_schema(
+        {
+            CONF_TYPE: TYPE_LOCAL,
+            CONF_PATH: value,
+        }
+    )
+
+
+def read_audio_file_and_type(file_config: ConfigType) -> tuple[bytes, MockObj]:
+    """Read an audio file and determine its type. Used by this component and media_source platform."""
+    conf_file = file_config[CONF_FILE]
+    file_source = conf_file[CONF_TYPE]
+    if file_source == TYPE_LOCAL:
+        path = CORE.relative_config_path(conf_file[CONF_PATH])
+    elif file_source == TYPE_WEB:
+        path = _compute_local_file_path(conf_file)
+    else:
+        raise cv.Invalid("Unsupported file source")
+
+    with open(path, "rb") as f:
+        data = f.read()
+
+    try:
+        file_type: str = puremagic.from_string(data)
+        file_type = file_type.removeprefix(".")
+    except puremagic.PureError as e:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"Unable to determine audio file type of '{path}'. "
+            f"Try re-encoding the file into a supported format. Details: {e}"
+        )
+
+    media_file_type = audio.AUDIO_FILE_TYPE_ENUM["NONE"]
+    if file_type == "wav":
+        media_file_type = audio.AUDIO_FILE_TYPE_ENUM["WAV"]
+    elif file_type in ("mp3", "mpeg", "mpga"):
+        media_file_type = audio.AUDIO_FILE_TYPE_ENUM["MP3"]
+    elif file_type == "flac":
+        media_file_type = audio.AUDIO_FILE_TYPE_ENUM["FLAC"]
+    elif (
+        file_type == "ogg"
+        and len(data) >= 36
+        and data.startswith(b"OggS")
+        and data[28:36] == b"OpusHead"
+    ):
+        media_file_type = audio.AUDIO_FILE_TYPE_ENUM["OPUS"]
+
+    return data, media_file_type
+
+
+LOCAL_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Required(CONF_PATH): cv.file_,
+    }
+)
+
+WEB_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    {
+        cv.Required(CONF_URL): cv.url,
+    },
+    _download_web_file,
+)
+
+
+TYPED_FILE_SCHEMA = cv.typed_schema(
+    {
+        TYPE_LOCAL: LOCAL_SCHEMA,
+        TYPE_WEB: WEB_SCHEMA,
+    },
+)
+
+
+MEDIA_FILE_TYPE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(audio.AudioFile),
+        cv.Required(CONF_FILE): _file_schema,
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_RAW_DATA_ID): cv.declare_id(cg.uint8),
+    }
+)
+
+
+MAX_FILE_SIZE = 5 * 1024 * 1024  # 5 MB
+
+
+def _validate_supported_local_file(config: list[ConfigType]) -> list[ConfigType]:
+    for file_config in config:
+        data, media_file_type = read_audio_file_and_type(file_config)
+
+        if len(data) > MAX_FILE_SIZE:
+            file_info = file_config.get(CONF_FILE, {})
+            source = (
+                file_info.get(CONF_PATH) or file_info.get(CONF_URL) or "unknown source"
+            )
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Audio file {source!r} is too large ({len(data)} bytes, max {MAX_FILE_SIZE} bytes)"
+            )
+
+        if str(media_file_type) == str(audio.AUDIO_FILE_TYPE_ENUM["NONE"]):
+            file_info = file_config.get(CONF_FILE, {})
+            source = (
+                file_info.get(CONF_PATH) or file_info.get(CONF_URL) or "unknown source"
+            )
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Unsupported media file from {source!r} (detected type: {media_file_type})"
+            )
+
+        # Cache the file data so to_code() doesn't need to re-read it
+        _get_data().file_cache[str(file_config[CONF_ID])] = (data, media_file_type)
+
+        media_file_type_str = str(media_file_type)
+        if media_file_type_str == str(audio.AUDIO_FILE_TYPE_ENUM["FLAC"]):
+            audio.request_flac_support()
+        elif media_file_type_str == str(audio.AUDIO_FILE_TYPE_ENUM["MP3"]):
+            audio.request_mp3_support()
+        elif media_file_type_str == str(audio.AUDIO_FILE_TYPE_ENUM["OPUS"]):
+            audio.request_opus_support()
+
+    return config
+
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    cv.only_on_esp32,
+    cv.ensure_list(MEDIA_FILE_TYPE_SCHEMA),
+    _validate_supported_local_file,
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: list[ConfigType]) -> None:
+    cache = _get_data().file_cache
+
+    for file_config in config:
+        file_id = str(file_config[CONF_ID])
+        data, media_file_type = cache[file_id]
+
+        rhs = [HexInt(x) for x in data]
+        prog_arr = cg.progmem_array(file_config[CONF_RAW_DATA_ID], rhs)
+
+        media_files_struct = cg.StructInitializer(
+            audio.AudioFile,
+            (
+                "data",
+                prog_arr,
+            ),
+            (
+                "length",
+                len(rhs),
+            ),
+            (
+                "file_type",
+                media_file_type,
+            ),
+        )
+
+        cg.new_Pvariable(
+            file_config[CONF_ID],
+            media_files_struct,
+        )
+
+        # Store file ID for cross-component access
+        _get_data().file_ids[file_id] = file_config[CONF_ID]
+
+    # Register all files in the shared C++ registry
+    cg.add_define("AUDIO_FILE_MAX_FILES", len(config))
+    for file_config in config:
+        file_id = str(file_config[CONF_ID])
+        file_var = await cg.get_variable(file_config[CONF_ID])
+        cg.add(audio_file_ns.add_named_audio_file(file_var, file_id))
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio_file/audio_file.h b/esphome/components/audio_file/audio_file.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..537e19fb3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/audio_file/audio_file.h
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#ifdef AUDIO_FILE_MAX_FILES
+
+#include "esphome/components/audio/audio.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+namespace esphome::audio_file {
+
+struct NamedAudioFile {
+  audio::AudioFile *file;
+  const char *file_id;
+};
+
+inline StaticVector<NamedAudioFile, AUDIO_FILE_MAX_FILES>
+    named_audio_files;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+
+inline void add_named_audio_file(audio::AudioFile *file, const char *file_id) {
+  named_audio_files.push_back({file, file_id});
+}
+
+inline const StaticVector<NamedAudioFile, AUDIO_FILE_MAX_FILES> &get_named_audio_files() { return named_audio_files; }
+
+}  // namespace esphome::audio_file
+
+#endif  // AUDIO_FILE_MAX_FILES
diff --git a/esphome/core/defines.h b/esphome/core/defines.h
index 07afefd91a..1a6d9b3a80 100644
--- a/esphome/core/defines.h
+++ b/esphome/core/defines.h
@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@
 
 // Feature flags which do not work for zephyr
 #ifndef USE_ZEPHYR
+#define AUDIO_FILE_MAX_FILES 4
 #define USE_AUDIO_DAC
 #define USE_AUDIO_FLAC_SUPPORT
 #define USE_AUDIO_MP3_SUPPORT
diff --git a/script/ci-custom.py b/script/ci-custom.py
index b60d7d7740..8e1652b505 100755
--- a/script/ci-custom.py
+++ b/script/ci-custom.py
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ ignore_types = (
     ".gif",
     ".webp",
     ".bin",
+    ".wav",
 )
 
 LINT_FILE_CHECKS = []
diff --git a/tests/components/audio_file/common.yaml b/tests/components/audio_file/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9404208094
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/audio_file/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+audio_file:
+  - id: test_audio
+    file:
+      type: local
+      path: $component_dir/test.wav
diff --git a/tests/components/audio_file/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/audio_file/test.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dade44d145
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/audio_file/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/audio_file/test.wav b/tests/components/audio_file/test.wav
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f9d07ef2238eb2fcb355055466d3789ee1a1fe0b
GIT binary patch
literal 46
ycmWIYbaPW<U|<M$40BD(Em06)U|?WmU}R{pV_;yYWnf@p5MW42EJ<Wy0098Ji3Z~U

literal 0
HcmV?d00001


From bb37887a8c3021f6a93cac9eb1df4caf36d2c1b1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 2026 14:51:32 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 378/609] [wled][lcd_base][touchscreen][ee895] Fix off-by-one,
 buffer overrun, empty deref, and uninitialized pointers (#14513)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/ee895/ee895.h              | 6 +++---
 esphome/components/lcd_base/lcd_display.cpp   | 2 +-
 esphome/components/touchscreen/touchscreen.h  | 7 ++++++-
 esphome/components/wled/wled_light_effect.cpp | 2 +-
 4 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ee895/ee895.h b/esphome/components/ee895/ee895.h
index 259b7c524b..ff1085e05d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ee895/ee895.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ee895/ee895.h
@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ class EE895Component : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
   void write_command_(uint16_t addr, uint16_t reg_cnt);
   float read_float_();
   uint16_t calc_crc16_(const uint8_t buf[], uint8_t len);
-  sensor::Sensor *co2_sensor_;
-  sensor::Sensor *temperature_sensor_;
-  sensor::Sensor *pressure_sensor_;
+  sensor::Sensor *co2_sensor_{nullptr};
+  sensor::Sensor *temperature_sensor_{nullptr};
+  sensor::Sensor *pressure_sensor_{nullptr};
 
   enum ErrorCode { NONE = 0, COMMUNICATION_FAILED, CRC_CHECK_FAILED } error_code_{NONE};
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/lcd_base/lcd_display.cpp b/esphome/components/lcd_base/lcd_display.cpp
index cd08a739eb..1f0ba482d7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lcd_base/lcd_display.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/lcd_base/lcd_display.cpp
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ void HOT LCDDisplay::display() {
       this->send(this->buffer_[this->columns_ * 2 + i], true);
   }
 
-  if (this->rows_ >= 1) {
+  if (this->rows_ >= 2) {
     this->command_(LCD_DISPLAY_COMMAND_SET_DDRAM_ADDR | 0x40);
 
     for (uint8_t i = 0; i < this->columns_; i++)
diff --git a/esphome/components/touchscreen/touchscreen.h b/esphome/components/touchscreen/touchscreen.h
index 8016323d49..7451c207ec 100644
--- a/esphome/components/touchscreen/touchscreen.h
+++ b/esphome/components/touchscreen/touchscreen.h
@@ -65,7 +65,12 @@ class Touchscreen : public PollingComponent {
 
   void register_listener(TouchListener *listener) { this->touch_listeners_.push_back(listener); }
 
-  optional<TouchPoint> get_touch() { return this->touches_.begin()->second; }
+  optional<TouchPoint> get_touch() {
+    if (this->touches_.empty()) {
+      return {};
+    }
+    return this->touches_.begin()->second;
+  }
 
   TouchPoints_t get_touches() {
     TouchPoints_t touches;
diff --git a/esphome/components/wled/wled_light_effect.cpp b/esphome/components/wled/wled_light_effect.cpp
index 87bae5b1da..db2708d6d0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wled/wled_light_effect.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wled/wled_light_effect.cpp
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ bool WLEDLightEffect::parse_notifier_frame_(light::AddressableLight &it, const u
   // https://kno.wled.ge/interfaces/udp-notifier/
   // https://github.com/Aircoookie/WLED/blob/main/wled00/udp.cpp
 
-  if (size < 34) {
+  if (size <= 34) {
     return false;
   }
 

From 99a805cba675ab2399d432dd39d142a0852fafc8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 2026 09:52:10 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 379/609] Bump the docker-actions group across 1 directory with
 2 updates (#14520)

Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .github/workflows/ci-docker.yml |  2 +-
 .github/workflows/release.yml   | 12 ++++++------
 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci-docker.yml b/.github/workflows/ci-docker.yml
index a83bcae0b0..4009ac1e17 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci-docker.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci-docker.yml
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           python-version: "3.11"
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@8d2750c68a42422c14e847fe6c8ac0403b4cbd6f # v3.12.0
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@4d04d5d9486b7bd6fa91e7baf45bbb4f8b9deedd # v4.0.0
 
       - name: Set TAG
         run: |
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release.yml b/.github/workflows/release.yml
index 17a2616dff..8f68e9c873 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@@ -99,15 +99,15 @@ jobs:
           python-version: "3.11"
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@8d2750c68a42422c14e847fe6c8ac0403b4cbd6f # v3.12.0
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@4d04d5d9486b7bd6fa91e7baf45bbb4f8b9deedd # v4.0.0
 
       - name: Log in to docker hub
-        uses: docker/login-action@c94ce9fb468520275223c153574b00df6fe4bcc9 # v3.7.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@b45d80f862d83dbcd57f89517bcf500b2ab88fb2 # v4.0.0
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USER }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASSWORD }}
       - name: Log in to the GitHub container registry
-        uses: docker/login-action@c94ce9fb468520275223c153574b00df6fe4bcc9 # v3.7.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@b45d80f862d83dbcd57f89517bcf500b2ab88fb2 # v4.0.0
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.actor }}
@@ -178,17 +178,17 @@ jobs:
           merge-multiple: true
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@8d2750c68a42422c14e847fe6c8ac0403b4cbd6f # v3.12.0
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@4d04d5d9486b7bd6fa91e7baf45bbb4f8b9deedd # v4.0.0
 
       - name: Log in to docker hub
         if: matrix.registry == 'dockerhub'
-        uses: docker/login-action@c94ce9fb468520275223c153574b00df6fe4bcc9 # v3.7.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@b45d80f862d83dbcd57f89517bcf500b2ab88fb2 # v4.0.0
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USER }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASSWORD }}
       - name: Log in to the GitHub container registry
         if: matrix.registry == 'ghcr'
-        uses: docker/login-action@c94ce9fb468520275223c153574b00df6fe4bcc9 # v3.7.0
+        uses: docker/login-action@b45d80f862d83dbcd57f89517bcf500b2ab88fb2 # v4.0.0
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.actor }}

From 291679126f532a6b036c10984c97c47db0be9cd3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 2026 14:55:54 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 380/609] [nfc] Fix off-by-one in NDEF message parsing (#14485)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/nfc/ndef_message.cpp | 18 ++++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/nfc/ndef_message.cpp b/esphome/components/nfc/ndef_message.cpp
index e7304445c5..35028555c5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nfc/ndef_message.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/nfc/ndef_message.cpp
@@ -8,8 +8,14 @@ static const char *const TAG = "nfc.ndef_message";
 
 NdefMessage::NdefMessage(std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Building NdefMessage with %zu bytes", data.size());
-  uint8_t index = 0;
-  while (index <= data.size()) {
+  size_t index = 0;
+  while (index < data.size()) {
+    // Minimum record: TNF byte + type length byte + payload length (1 or 4 bytes)
+    if (index + 2 >= data.size()) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Truncated record header; aborting");
+      break;
+    }
+
     uint8_t tnf_byte = data[index++];
     bool me = tnf_byte & 0x40;      // Message End bit (is set if this is the last record of the message)
     bool sr = tnf_byte & 0x10;      // Short record bit (is set if payload size is less or equal to 255 bytes)
@@ -23,6 +29,10 @@ NdefMessage::NdefMessage(std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
     if (sr) {
       payload_length = data[index++];
     } else {
+      if (index + 4 > data.size()) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Truncated payload length; aborting");
+        break;
+      }
       payload_length = (static_cast<uint32_t>(data[index]) << 24) | (static_cast<uint32_t>(data[index + 1]) << 16) |
                        (static_cast<uint32_t>(data[index + 2]) << 8) | static_cast<uint32_t>(data[index + 3]);
       index += 4;
@@ -30,6 +40,10 @@ NdefMessage::NdefMessage(std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
 
     uint8_t id_length = 0;
     if (il) {
+      if (index >= data.size()) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Truncated ID length; aborting");
+        break;
+      }
       id_length = data[index++];
     }
 

From e25d740968f656b8e50dedb793fbc5370573f3ef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 2026 09:58:58 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 381/609] [wifi] Cache is_connected() for cheap inline access
 (#14463)

Co-authored-by: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci-lite[bot] <117423508+pre-commit-ci-lite[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp | 8 +++++---
 esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h   | 5 ++++-
 2 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
index 852ff922f1..8b60810d28 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
@@ -725,6 +725,7 @@ void WiFiComponent::restart_adapter() {
 void WiFiComponent::loop() {
   this->wifi_loop_();
   const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+  this->update_connected_state_();
 
   if (this->has_sta()) {
 #if defined(USE_WIFI_CONNECT_TRIGGER) || defined(USE_WIFI_DISCONNECT_TRIGGER)
@@ -776,7 +777,7 @@ void WiFiComponent::loop() {
       }
 
       case WIFI_COMPONENT_STATE_STA_CONNECTED: {
-        if (!this->is_connected()) {
+        if (!this->is_connected_()) {
           ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Connection lost; reconnecting");
           this->state_ = WIFI_COMPONENT_STATE_STA_CONNECTING;
           this->retry_connect();
@@ -2118,15 +2119,16 @@ bool WiFiComponent::can_proceed() {
   if (!this->has_sta() || this->state_ == WIFI_COMPONENT_STATE_DISABLED || this->ap_setup_) {
     return true;
   }
-  return this->is_connected();
+  return this->is_connected_();
 }
 #endif
 
 void WiFiComponent::set_reboot_timeout(uint32_t reboot_timeout) { this->reboot_timeout_ = reboot_timeout; }
-bool WiFiComponent::is_connected() const {
+bool WiFiComponent::is_connected_() const {
   return this->state_ == WIFI_COMPONENT_STATE_STA_CONNECTED &&
          this->wifi_sta_connect_status_() == WiFiSTAConnectStatus::CONNECTED && !this->error_from_callback_;
 }
+void WiFiComponent::update_connected_state_() { this->connected_ = this->is_connected_(); }
 void WiFiComponent::set_power_save_mode(WiFiPowerSaveMode power_save) {
   this->power_save_ = power_save;
 #if defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_WIFI_RUNTIME_POWER_SAVE)
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
index a6f03a08d9..f340b708c9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ class WiFiComponent : public Component {
 
   void set_reboot_timeout(uint32_t reboot_timeout);
 
-  bool is_connected() const;
+  bool is_connected() const { return this->connected_; }
 
   void set_power_save_mode(WiFiPowerSaveMode power_save);
   void set_min_auth_mode(WifiMinAuthMode min_auth_mode) { min_auth_mode_ = min_auth_mode; }
@@ -678,6 +678,8 @@ class WiFiComponent : public Component {
   bool wifi_sta_connect_(const WiFiAP &ap);
   void wifi_pre_setup_();
   WiFiSTAConnectStatus wifi_sta_connect_status_() const;
+  bool is_connected_() const;
+  void update_connected_state_();
   bool wifi_scan_start_(bool passive);
 
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_AP
@@ -854,6 +856,7 @@ class WiFiComponent : public Component {
   bool has_completed_scan_after_captive_portal_start_{
       false};  // Tracks if we've completed a scan after captive portal started
   bool skip_cooldown_next_cycle_{false};
+  bool connected_{false};
   bool post_connect_roaming_{true};  // Enabled by default
 #if defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_WIFI_RUNTIME_POWER_SAVE)
   bool is_high_performance_mode_{false};

From d11e7cab464a007bccf37cf0cf3da4d8b1f71861 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 2026 15:18:54 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 382/609] [xiaomi_ble][pvvx_mithermometer][atc_mithermometer]
 Add BLE service data bounds checks (#14514)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .../components/atc_mithermometer/atc_mithermometer.cpp   | 4 ++++
 .../components/pvvx_mithermometer/pvvx_mithermometer.cpp | 4 ++++
 esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.cpp             | 9 +++++++++
 3 files changed, 17 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/atc_mithermometer/atc_mithermometer.cpp b/esphome/components/atc_mithermometer/atc_mithermometer.cpp
index b4d2929742..9afd6334f5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/atc_mithermometer/atc_mithermometer.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/atc_mithermometer/atc_mithermometer.cpp
@@ -61,6 +61,10 @@ optional<ParseResult> ATCMiThermometer::parse_header_(const esp32_ble_tracker::S
   }
 
   auto raw = service_data.data;
+  if (raw.size() < 13) {
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_header_(): service data too short (%zu).", raw.size());
+    return {};
+  }
 
   static uint8_t last_frame_count = 0;
   if (last_frame_count == raw[12]) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/pvvx_mithermometer.cpp b/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/pvvx_mithermometer.cpp
index 5712447909..239a1e74fe 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/pvvx_mithermometer.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/pvvx_mithermometer.cpp
@@ -61,6 +61,10 @@ optional<ParseResult> PVVXMiThermometer::parse_header_(const esp32_ble_tracker::
   }
 
   auto raw = service_data.data;
+  if (raw.size() < 14) {
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_header_(): service data too short (%zu).", raw.size());
+    return {};
+  }
 
   static uint8_t last_frame_count = 0;
   if (last_frame_count == raw[13]) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.cpp b/esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.cpp
index 0018d35f1f..97a660f0e3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xiaomi_ble/xiaomi_ble.cpp
@@ -121,6 +121,11 @@ bool parse_xiaomi_message(const std::vector<uint8_t> &message, XiaomiParseResult
   // Byte 2: length
   // Byte 3..3+len-1: data point value
 
+  if (result.raw_offset < 0 || static_cast<size_t>(result.raw_offset) >= message.size()) {
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_xiaomi_message(): raw_offset (%d) exceeds message size (%d)!", result.raw_offset,
+              message.size());
+    return false;
+  }
   const uint8_t *payload = message.data() + result.raw_offset;
   uint8_t payload_length = message.size() - result.raw_offset;
   uint8_t payload_offset = 0;
@@ -165,6 +170,10 @@ optional<XiaomiParseResult> parse_xiaomi_header(const esp32_ble_tracker::Service
   }
 
   auto raw = service_data.data;
+  if (raw.size() < 5) {
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_xiaomi_header(): service data too short (%d).", raw.size());
+    return {};
+  }
   result.has_data = raw[0] & 0x40;
   result.has_capability = raw[0] & 0x20;
   result.has_encryption = raw[0] & 0x08;

From b0be02e16d8b53efee692543c9be2c6da2118da7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bonne Eggleston <bonne@exciton.com.au>
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 2026 12:54:17 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 383/609] [modbus] Fix timing bugs and better adhere to spec
 (#8032)

Co-authored-by: brambo123 <52667932+brambo123@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Keith Burzinski <kbx81x@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@koston.org>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick+github@koston.org>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@home-assistant.io>
---
 .../growatt_solar/growatt_solar.cpp           |   2 +-
 esphome/components/modbus/__init__.py         |   5 +
 esphome/components/modbus/modbus.cpp          | 294 ++++++++++++------
 esphome/components/modbus/modbus.h            |  55 +++-
 .../components/modbus/modbus_definitions.h    |   2 +
 .../components/modbus_controller/__init__.py  |   3 +-
 .../modbus_controller/modbus_controller.cpp   |   2 +-
 tests/components/modbus/common.yaml           |   2 +
 .../external_components/uart_mock/__init__.py |   4 +-
 .../uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp                   |  26 +-
 .../external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.h |   5 +-
 .../fixtures/uart_mock_modbus.yaml            |  48 ++-
 .../fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_timing.yaml     |   2 +
 tests/integration/test_uart_mock_modbus.py    |  67 +++-
 14 files changed, 396 insertions(+), 121 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/growatt_solar/growatt_solar.cpp b/esphome/components/growatt_solar/growatt_solar.cpp
index 686c1c232e..2997425872 100644
--- a/esphome/components/growatt_solar/growatt_solar.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/growatt_solar/growatt_solar.cpp
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ void GrowattSolar::update() {
   }
 
   // The bus might be slow, or there might be other devices, or other components might be talking to our device.
-  if (this->waiting_for_response()) {
+  if (!this->ready_for_immediate_send()) {
     this->waiting_to_update_ = true;
     return;
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus/__init__.py b/esphome/components/modbus/__init__.py
index 2bd85c6121..f6e0f98857 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus/__init__.py
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ MULTI_CONF = True
 CONF_ROLE = "role"
 CONF_MODBUS_ID = "modbus_id"
 CONF_SEND_WAIT_TIME = "send_wait_time"
+CONF_TURNAROUND_TIME = "turnaround_time"
 
 ModbusRole = modbus_ns.enum("ModbusRole")
 MODBUS_ROLES = {
@@ -36,6 +37,9 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             cv.Optional(
                 CONF_SEND_WAIT_TIME, default="250ms"
             ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_TURNAROUND_TIME, default="100ms"
+            ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
             cv.Optional(CONF_DISABLE_CRC, default=False): cv.boolean,
         }
     )
@@ -57,6 +61,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add(var.set_flow_control_pin(pin))
 
     cg.add(var.set_send_wait_time(config[CONF_SEND_WAIT_TIME]))
+    cg.add(var.set_turnaround_time(config[CONF_TURNAROUND_TIME]))
     cg.add(var.set_disable_crc(config[CONF_DISABLE_CRC]))
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.cpp b/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.cpp
index d40343db33..28e26e307e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.cpp
@@ -15,10 +15,69 @@ void Modbus::setup() {
   if (this->flow_control_pin_ != nullptr) {
     this->flow_control_pin_->setup();
   }
-}
-void Modbus::loop() {
-  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
 
+  this->frame_delay_ms_ =
+      std::max(2,  // 1750us minimum per spec - rounded up to 2ms.
+                   // 3.5 characters * 11 bits per character * 1000ms/sec / (bits/sec) (Standard modbus frame delay)
+               (uint16_t) (3.5 * 11 * 1000 / this->parent_->get_baud_rate()) + 1);
+
+  this->long_rx_buffer_delay_ms_ =
+      (this->parent_->get_rx_full_threshold() * 11 * 1000 / this->parent_->get_baud_rate()) + 1;
+}
+
+void Modbus::loop() {
+  // First process all available incoming data.
+  this->receive_and_parse_modbus_bytes_();
+
+  // If the response frame is finished (including interframe delay) - we timeout.
+  // The long_rx_buffer_delay accounts for long responses (larger than the UART rx_full_threshold) to avoid timeouts
+  // when the buffer is filling the back half of the response
+  const uint16_t timeout = std::max(
+      (uint16_t) this->frame_delay_ms_,
+      (uint16_t) (this->rx_buffer_.size() >= this->parent_->get_rx_full_threshold() ? this->long_rx_buffer_delay_ms_
+                                                                                    : 0));
+  // We use millis() here and elsewhere instead of App.get_loop_component_start_time() to avoid stale timestamps
+  // It's critical in all timestamp comparisons that the left timestamp comes before the right one in time
+  // If we use a cached value in place of millis() and last_modbus_byte_ is updated inside our loop
+  // then the comparison is backwards (small negative which wraps to large positive) and will cause a false timeout
+  // So in this component we don't use any cached timestamp values to avoid these annoying bugs
+  if (millis() - this->last_modbus_byte_ > timeout) {
+    this->clear_rx_buffer_(LOG_STR("timeout after partial response"), true);
+  }
+
+  // If we're past the send_wait_time timeout and response buffer doesn't have the start of the expected response
+  if (this->waiting_for_response_ != 0 &&
+      millis() - this->last_send_ > this->last_send_tx_offset_ + this->send_wait_time_ &&
+      (this->rx_buffer_.empty() || this->rx_buffer_[0] != this->waiting_for_response_)) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Stop waiting for response from %" PRIu8 " %" PRIu32 "ms after last send",
+             this->waiting_for_response_, millis() - this->last_send_);
+    this->waiting_for_response_ = 0;
+  }
+
+  // If there's no response pending and there's commands in the buffer
+  this->send_next_frame_();
+}
+
+bool Modbus::tx_blocked() {
+  const uint32_t now = millis();
+
+  // We block transmission in any of these case:
+  // 1. There are bytes in the UART Rx buffer
+  // 2. There are bytes in our Rx buffer
+  // 3. We're waiting for a response
+  // 4. The last sent byte isn't more than frame_delay ms ago (i.e. wait to tell receivers that our previous Tx is done)
+  // 5. The last received byte isn't more than frame_delay ms ago (i.e. wait to be sure there isn't more Rx coming)
+  // 6. If we're a client - also wait for the turnaround delay, to give the servers time to process the previous message
+  return this->available() || !this->rx_buffer_.empty() || (this->waiting_for_response_ != 0) ||
+         (now - this->last_send_ < this->last_send_tx_offset_ + this->frame_delay_ms_ +
+                                       (this->role == ModbusRole::CLIENT ? this->turnaround_delay_ms_ : 0)) ||
+         (now - this->last_modbus_byte_ <
+          this->frame_delay_ms_ + (this->role == ModbusRole::CLIENT ? this->turnaround_delay_ms_ : 0));
+}
+
+bool Modbus::tx_buffer_empty() { return this->tx_buffer_.empty(); }
+
+void Modbus::receive_and_parse_modbus_bytes_() {
   // Read all available bytes in batches to reduce UART call overhead.
   size_t avail = this->available();
   uint8_t buf[64];
@@ -28,33 +87,20 @@ void Modbus::loop() {
       break;
     }
     avail -= to_read;
-
     for (size_t i = 0; i < to_read; i++) {
-      if (this->parse_modbus_byte_(buf[i])) {
-        this->last_modbus_byte_ = now;
+      if (this->rx_buffer_.empty()) {
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Received first byte %" PRIu8 " (0X%x) %" PRIu32 "ms after last send", buf[i], buf[i],
+                 millis() - this->last_send_);
       } else {
-        size_t at = this->rx_buffer_.size();
-        if (at > 0) {
-          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Clearing buffer of %d bytes - parse failed", at);
-          this->rx_buffer_.clear();
-        }
+        ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Received byte %" PRIu8 " (0X%x) %" PRIu32 "ms after last send", buf[i], buf[i],
+                  millis() - this->last_send_);
       }
-    }
-  }
 
-  if (now - this->last_modbus_byte_ > 50) {
-    size_t at = this->rx_buffer_.size();
-    if (at > 0) {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Clearing buffer of %d bytes - timeout", at);
-      this->rx_buffer_.clear();
-    }
-
-    // stop blocking new send commands after sent_wait_time_ ms after response received
-    if (now - this->last_send_ > send_wait_time_) {
-      if (waiting_for_response > 0) {
-        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Stop waiting for response from %d", waiting_for_response);
+      // If the bytes in the rx buffer do not parse, clear out the buffer
+      if (!this->parse_modbus_byte_(buf[i])) {
+        this->clear_rx_buffer_(LOG_STR("parse failed"), true);
       }
-      waiting_for_response = 0;
+      this->last_modbus_byte_ = millis();
     }
   }
 }
@@ -63,7 +109,7 @@ bool Modbus::parse_modbus_byte_(uint8_t byte) {
   size_t at = this->rx_buffer_.size();
   this->rx_buffer_.push_back(byte);
   const uint8_t *raw = &this->rx_buffer_[0];
-  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Modbus received Byte  %d (0X%x)", byte, byte);
+
   // Byte 0: modbus address (match all)
   if (at == 0)
     return true;
@@ -101,7 +147,7 @@ bool Modbus::parse_modbus_byte_(uint8_t byte) {
     if (computed_crc != remote_crc)
       return true;
 
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Modbus user-defined function %02X found", function_code);
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "User-defined function %02X found", function_code);
 
   } else {
     // data starts at 2 and length is 4 for read registers commands
@@ -152,9 +198,19 @@ bool Modbus::parse_modbus_byte_(uint8_t byte) {
     uint16_t remote_crc = uint16_t(raw[data_offset + data_len]) | (uint16_t(raw[data_offset + data_len + 1]) << 8);
     if (computed_crc != remote_crc) {
       if (this->disable_crc_) {
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Modbus CRC Check failed, but ignored! %02X!=%02X", computed_crc, remote_crc);
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "CRC check failed %" PRIu32 "ms after last send; ignoring", millis() - this->last_send_);
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERY_VERBOSE
+        char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(MODBUS_MAX_LOG_BYTES)];
+#endif
+        ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "  (%02X != %02X)  %s", computed_crc, remote_crc,
+                  format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, this->rx_buffer_.data(), this->rx_buffer_.size()));
       } else {
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Modbus CRC Check failed! %02X!=%02X", computed_crc, remote_crc);
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "CRC check failed %" PRIu32 "ms after last send", millis() - this->last_send_);
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERY_VERBOSE
+        char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(MODBUS_MAX_LOG_BYTES)];
+#endif
+        ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "  (%02X != %02X) %s", computed_crc, remote_crc,
+                  format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, this->rx_buffer_.data(), this->rx_buffer_.size()));
         return false;
       }
     }
@@ -164,52 +220,101 @@ bool Modbus::parse_modbus_byte_(uint8_t byte) {
   for (auto *device : this->devices_) {
     if (device->address_ == address) {
       found = true;
-      // Is it an error response?
-      if ((function_code & FUNCTION_CODE_EXCEPTION_MASK) == FUNCTION_CODE_EXCEPTION_MASK) {
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Modbus error function code: 0x%X exception: %d", function_code, raw[2]);
-        if (waiting_for_response != 0) {
-          device->on_modbus_error(function_code & FUNCTION_CODE_MASK, raw[2]);
-        } else {
-          // Ignore modbus exception not related to a pending command
-          ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Ignoring Modbus error - not expecting a response");
-        }
-        continue;
-      }
       if (this->role == ModbusRole::SERVER) {
         if (function_code == ModbusFunctionCode::READ_HOLDING_REGISTERS ||
             function_code == ModbusFunctionCode::READ_INPUT_REGISTERS) {
           device->on_modbus_read_registers(function_code, uint16_t(data[1]) | (uint16_t(data[0]) << 8),
                                            uint16_t(data[3]) | (uint16_t(data[2]) << 8));
-          continue;
-        }
-        if (function_code == ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER ||
-            function_code == ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS) {
+        } else if (function_code == ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER ||
+                   function_code == ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS) {
           device->on_modbus_write_registers(function_code, data);
-          continue;
+        }
+      } else {  // We're a client
+        // Is it an error response?
+        if ((function_code & FUNCTION_CODE_EXCEPTION_MASK) == FUNCTION_CODE_EXCEPTION_MASK) {
+          uint8_t exception = raw[2];
+          ESP_LOGW(TAG,
+                   "Error function code: 0x%X exception: %" PRIu8 ", address: %" PRIu8 ", %" PRIu32
+                   "ms after last send",
+                   function_code, exception, address, millis() - this->last_send_);
+          if (this->waiting_for_response_ == address) {
+            device->on_modbus_error(function_code & FUNCTION_CODE_MASK, exception);
+          } else {
+            // Ignore modbus exception not related to a pending command
+            ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Ignoring error - not expecting a response from %" PRIu8 "", address);
+          }
+        } else {  // Not an error response
+          if (this->waiting_for_response_ == address) {
+            device->on_modbus_data(data);
+          } else {
+            // Ignore modbus response not related to a pending command
+            ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Ignoring response - not expecting a response from %" PRIu8 ", %" PRIu32 "ms after last send",
+                     address, millis() - this->last_send_);
+          }
         }
       }
-      // fallthrough for other function codes
-      device->on_modbus_data(data);
     }
   }
-  waiting_for_response = 0;
 
-  if (!found) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Got Modbus frame from unknown address 0x%02X! ", address);
+  if (!found && this->role == ModbusRole::CLIENT) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Got frame from unknown address %" PRIu8 ", %" PRIu32 "ms after last send", address,
+             millis() - this->last_send_);
   }
 
-  // reset buffer
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Clearing buffer of %d bytes - parse succeeded", at);
-  this->rx_buffer_.clear();
+  this->clear_rx_buffer_(LOG_STR("parse succeeded"));
+
+  if (this->waiting_for_response_ == address)
+    this->waiting_for_response_ = 0;
+
   return true;
 }
 
+void Modbus::send_next_frame_() {
+  if (this->tx_buffer_.empty())
+    return;
+
+  if (this->tx_blocked())
+    return;
+
+  const ModbusDeviceCommand &frame = this->tx_buffer_.front();
+
+  if (this->role == ModbusRole::CLIENT) {
+    this->waiting_for_response_ = frame.data.get()[0];
+  }
+
+  if (this->flow_control_pin_ != nullptr) {
+    this->flow_control_pin_->digital_write(true);
+    this->write_array(frame.data.get(), frame.size);
+    this->flush();
+    this->flow_control_pin_->digital_write(false);
+    this->last_send_tx_offset_ = 0;
+  } else {
+    this->write_array(frame.data.get(), frame.size);
+    this->last_send_tx_offset_ = frame.size * 11 * 1000 / this->parent_->get_baud_rate() + 1;
+  }
+
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
+  char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(MODBUS_MAX_LOG_BYTES)];
+#endif
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Write: %s %" PRIu32 "ms after last send", format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, frame.data.get(), frame.size),
+           millis() - this->last_send_);
+  this->last_send_ = millis();
+  this->tx_buffer_.pop_front();
+  if (!this->tx_buffer_.empty()) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Write queue contains %" PRIu32 " items.", this->tx_buffer_.size());
+  }
+}
+
 void Modbus::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "Modbus:\n"
                 "  Send Wait Time: %d ms\n"
+                "  Turnaround Time: %d ms\n"
+                "  Frame Delay: %d ms\n"
+                "  Long Rx Buffer Delay: %d ms\n"
                 "  CRC Disabled: %s",
-                this->send_wait_time_, YESNO(this->disable_crc_));
+                this->send_wait_time_, this->turnaround_delay_ms_, this->frame_delay_ms_,
+                this->long_rx_buffer_delay_ms_, YESNO(this->disable_crc_));
   LOG_PIN("  Flow Control Pin: ", this->flow_control_pin_);
 }
 float Modbus::get_setup_priority() const {
@@ -228,15 +333,6 @@ void Modbus::send(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, uint16_t start_address
     return;
   }
 
-  static constexpr size_t ADDR_SIZE = 1;
-  static constexpr size_t FC_SIZE = 1;
-  static constexpr size_t START_ADDR_SIZE = 2;
-  static constexpr size_t NUM_ENTITIES_SIZE = 2;
-  static constexpr size_t BYTE_COUNT_SIZE = 1;
-  static constexpr size_t MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE = std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max();
-  static constexpr size_t CRC_SIZE = 2;
-  static constexpr size_t MAX_FRAME_SIZE =
-      ADDR_SIZE + FC_SIZE + START_ADDR_SIZE + NUM_ENTITIES_SIZE + BYTE_COUNT_SIZE + MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE + CRC_SIZE;
   uint8_t data[MAX_FRAME_SIZE];
   size_t pos = 0;
 
@@ -259,29 +355,16 @@ void Modbus::send(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, uint16_t start_address
     } else {
       payload_len = 2;  // Write single register or coil
     }
+    if (payload_len + pos + 2 > MAX_FRAME_SIZE) {  // Check if payload fits (accounting for CRC)
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Payload too large to send: %d bytes", payload_len);
+      return;
+    }
     for (int i = 0; i < payload_len; i++) {
       data[pos++] = payload[i];
     }
   }
 
-  auto crc = crc16(data, pos);
-  data[pos++] = crc >> 0;
-  data[pos++] = crc >> 8;
-
-  if (this->flow_control_pin_ != nullptr)
-    this->flow_control_pin_->digital_write(true);
-
-  this->write_array(data, pos);
-  this->flush();
-
-  if (this->flow_control_pin_ != nullptr)
-    this->flow_control_pin_->digital_write(false);
-  waiting_for_response = address;
-  last_send_ = millis();
-#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
-  char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(MODBUS_MAX_LOG_BYTES)];
-#endif
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Modbus write: %s", format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, data, pos));
+  this->queue_raw_(data, pos);
 }
 
 // Helper function for lambdas
@@ -290,23 +373,44 @@ void Modbus::send_raw(const std::vector<uint8_t> &payload) {
   if (payload.empty()) {
     return;
   }
+  // Frame size: payload + CRC(2)
+  if (payload.size() + 2 > MAX_FRAME_SIZE) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Attempted to send frame larger than max frame size of %d bytes", MAX_FRAME_SIZE);
+    return;
+  }
+  // Use stack buffer - Modbus frames are small and bounded
+  uint8_t data[MAX_FRAME_SIZE];
 
-  if (this->flow_control_pin_ != nullptr)
-    this->flow_control_pin_->digital_write(true);
+  std::memcpy(data, payload.data(), payload.size());
 
-  auto crc = crc16(payload.data(), payload.size());
-  this->write_array(payload);
-  this->write_byte(crc & 0xFF);
-  this->write_byte((crc >> 8) & 0xFF);
-  this->flush();
-  if (this->flow_control_pin_ != nullptr)
-    this->flow_control_pin_->digital_write(false);
-  waiting_for_response = payload[0];
-#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
-  char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(MODBUS_MAX_LOG_BYTES)];
+  this->queue_raw_(data, payload.size());
+}
+
+// Assume data and length is valid and append CRC, then queue for sending. Used internally to avoid unnecessary copying
+// of data into vectors
+void Modbus::queue_raw_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len) {
+  if (this->tx_buffer_.size() < MODBUS_TX_BUFFER_SIZE) {
+    this->tx_buffer_.emplace_back(data, len);
+  } else {
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR
+    char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(MODBUS_MAX_LOG_BYTES)];
 #endif
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Modbus write raw: %s", format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, payload.data(), payload.size()));
-  last_send_ = millis();
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Write buffer full, dropped: %s", format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, data, len));
+  }
+}
+
+void Modbus::clear_rx_buffer_(const LogString *reason, bool warn) {
+  size_t at = this->rx_buffer_.size();
+  if (at > 0) {
+    if (warn) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Clearing buffer of %" PRIu32 " bytes - %s %" PRIu32 "ms after last send", at, LOG_STR_ARG(reason),
+               millis() - this->last_send_);
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Clearing buffer of %" PRIu32 " bytes - %s %" PRIu32 "ms after last send", at, LOG_STR_ARG(reason),
+               millis() - this->last_send_);
+    }
+    this->rx_buffer_.clear();
+  }
 }
 
 }  // namespace modbus
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.h b/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.h
index fac74aaadf..c90d4c78ae 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.h
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.h
@@ -5,11 +5,16 @@
 
 #include "esphome/components/modbus/modbus_definitions.h"
 
+#include <cstring>
+#include <memory>
 #include <vector>
+#include <queue>
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace modbus {
 
+static constexpr uint16_t MODBUS_TX_BUFFER_SIZE = 15;
+
 enum ModbusRole {
   CLIENT,
   SERVER,
@@ -17,6 +22,19 @@ enum ModbusRole {
 
 class ModbusDevice;
 
+struct ModbusDeviceCommand {
+  // Frame with exact-size allocation to avoid std::vector overhead
+  std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> data;
+  uint16_t size;  // Modbus RTU max is 256 bytes
+
+  ModbusDeviceCommand(const uint8_t *src, uint16_t len) : data(std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(len + 2)), size(len + 2) {
+    std::memcpy(this->data.get(), src, len);
+    auto crc = crc16(data.get(), len);
+    data[len + 0] = crc >> 0;
+    data[len + 1] = crc >> 8;
+  }
+};
+
 class Modbus : public uart::UARTDevice, public Component {
  public:
   Modbus() = default;
@@ -30,28 +48,45 @@ class Modbus : public uart::UARTDevice, public Component {
   void register_device(ModbusDevice *device) { this->devices_.push_back(device); }
 
   float get_setup_priority() const override;
+  bool tx_buffer_empty();
+  bool tx_blocked();
 
   void send(uint8_t address, uint8_t function_code, uint16_t start_address, uint16_t number_of_entities,
             uint8_t payload_len = 0, const uint8_t *payload = nullptr);
   void send_raw(const std::vector<uint8_t> &payload);
   void set_role(ModbusRole role) { this->role = role; }
   void set_flow_control_pin(GPIOPin *flow_control_pin) { this->flow_control_pin_ = flow_control_pin; }
-  uint8_t waiting_for_response{0};
-  void set_send_wait_time(uint16_t time_in_ms) { send_wait_time_ = time_in_ms; }
-  void set_disable_crc(bool disable_crc) { disable_crc_ = disable_crc; }
+  void set_send_wait_time(uint16_t time_in_ms) { this->send_wait_time_ = time_in_ms; }
+  void set_turnaround_time(uint16_t time_in_ms) { this->turnaround_delay_ms_ = time_in_ms; }
+  void set_disable_crc(bool disable_crc) { this->disable_crc_ = disable_crc; }
 
   ModbusRole role;
 
  protected:
-  GPIOPin *flow_control_pin_{nullptr};
-
   bool parse_modbus_byte_(uint8_t byte);
-  uint16_t send_wait_time_{250};
-  bool disable_crc_;
-  std::vector<uint8_t> rx_buffer_;
+  void receive_and_parse_modbus_bytes_();
+  void clear_rx_buffer_(const LogString *reason, bool warn = false);
+  void send_next_frame_();
+  void queue_raw_(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
+
   uint32_t last_modbus_byte_{0};
   uint32_t last_send_{0};
+  uint32_t last_send_tx_offset_{0};
+  uint16_t frame_delay_ms_{5};
+  uint16_t long_rx_buffer_delay_ms_{0};
+  uint16_t send_wait_time_{250};
+  uint16_t turnaround_delay_ms_{100};
+  uint8_t waiting_for_response_{0};
+  bool disable_crc_{false};
+
+  GPIOPin *flow_control_pin_{nullptr};
+
+  std::vector<uint8_t> rx_buffer_;
   std::vector<ModbusDevice *> devices_;
+  // std::deque is appropriate here since we need a FIFO buffer, and we can't know ahead of time how many
+  // requests will be queued. Each modbus component may queue multiple requests, and the sequence of scheduling
+  // may change at run time.
+  std::deque<ModbusDeviceCommand> tx_buffer_;
 };
 
 class ModbusDevice {
@@ -76,7 +111,9 @@ class ModbusDevice {
     this->send_raw(error_response);
   }
   // If more than one device is connected block sending a new command before a response is received
-  bool waiting_for_response() { return parent_->waiting_for_response != 0; }
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Use ready_for_immediate_send() instead. Removed in 2026.9.0", "2026.3.0")
+  bool waiting_for_response() { return !ready_for_immediate_send(); }
+  bool ready_for_immediate_send() { return parent_->tx_buffer_empty() && !parent_->tx_blocked(); }
 
  protected:
   friend Modbus;
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus/modbus_definitions.h b/esphome/components/modbus/modbus_definitions.h
index 07f101ae4c..c86d548578 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus/modbus_definitions.h
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus/modbus_definitions.h
@@ -81,6 +81,8 @@ const uint8_t MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE = 123;  // 0x7B
 // 6.3 03 (0x03) Read Holding Registers
 // 6.4 04 (0x04) Read Input Registers
 const uint8_t MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_READ = 125;  // 0x7D
+
+static constexpr uint16_t MAX_FRAME_SIZE = 256;
 /// End of Modbus definitions
 }  // namespace modbus
 }  // namespace esphome
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/__init__.py b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/__init__.py
index c45c338bb3..aea79b2053 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/__init__.py
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ CONF_SERVER_REGISTERS = "server_registers"
 MULTI_CONF = True
 
 modbus_controller_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("modbus_controller")
+modbus_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("modbus")
 ModbusController = modbus_controller_ns.class_(
     "ModbusController", cg.PollingComponent, modbus.ModbusDevice
 )
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ SensorItem = modbus_controller_ns.struct("SensorItem")
 ServerCourtesyResponse = modbus_controller_ns.struct("ServerCourtesyResponse")
 ServerRegister = modbus_controller_ns.struct("ServerRegister")
 
-ModbusFunctionCode_ns = modbus_controller_ns.namespace("ModbusFunctionCode")
+ModbusFunctionCode_ns = modbus_ns.namespace("ModbusFunctionCode")
 ModbusFunctionCode = ModbusFunctionCode_ns.enum("ModbusFunctionCode")
 MODBUS_FUNCTION_CODE = {
     "read_coils": ModbusFunctionCode.READ_COILS,
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/modbus_controller.cpp b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/modbus_controller.cpp
index 50bd9f45cb..7f0eb230e0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/modbus_controller.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/modbus_controller.cpp
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ void ModbusController::setup() { this->create_register_ranges_(); }
 bool ModbusController::send_next_command_() {
   uint32_t last_send = millis() - this->last_command_timestamp_;
 
-  if ((last_send > this->command_throttle_) && !waiting_for_response() && !this->command_queue_.empty()) {
+  if ((last_send > this->command_throttle_) && this->ready_for_immediate_send() && !this->command_queue_.empty()) {
     auto &command = this->command_queue_.front();
 
     // remove from queue if command was sent too often
diff --git a/tests/components/modbus/common.yaml b/tests/components/modbus/common.yaml
index d636143ec9..221aab4ed8 100644
--- a/tests/components/modbus/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/modbus/common.yaml
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 modbus:
   id: mod_bus1
   flow_control_pin: ${flow_control_pin}
+  send_wait_time: 500ms
+  turnaround_time: 100ms
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/__init__.py b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/__init__.py
index abb3abcc41..c10d73354e 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/__init__.py
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ RESPONSE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
         cv.Required(CONF_EXPECT_TX): [cv.hex_uint8_t],
         cv.Required(CONF_INJECT_RX): [cv.hex_uint8_t],
+        cv.Optional(CONF_DELAY, default="0ms"): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
     }
 )
 
@@ -151,7 +152,8 @@ async def to_code(config):
     for response in config[CONF_RESPONSES]:
         tx_data = response[CONF_EXPECT_TX]
         rx_data = response[CONF_INJECT_RX]
-        cg.add(var.add_response(tx_data, rx_data))
+        delay_ms = response[CONF_DELAY]
+        cg.add(var.add_response(tx_data, rx_data, delay_ms))
 
     for periodic in config[CONF_PERIODIC_RX]:
         data = periodic[CONF_DATA]
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp
index 83a13793be..affcc8d908 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ void MockUartComponent::loop() {
   // component (e.g., LD2410) a chance to process each batch independently.
   if (this->injection_index_ < this->injections_.size()) {
     auto &injection = this->injections_[this->injection_index_];
-    uint32_t target_time = this->scenario_start_ms_ + this->cumulative_delay_ms_ + injection.delay_ms;
-    if (now >= target_time) {
+    uint32_t total_delay = this->cumulative_delay_ms_ + injection.delay_ms;
+    if (now - this->scenario_start_ms_ >= total_delay) {
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Injecting %zu RX bytes (injection %u)", injection.rx_data.size(), this->injection_index_);
       this->inject_to_rx_buffer(injection.rx_data);
       this->cumulative_delay_ms_ += injection.delay_ms;
@@ -52,6 +52,15 @@ void MockUartComponent::loop() {
       periodic.last_inject_ms = now;
     }
   }
+
+  // Process delayed responses
+  for (auto &response : this->responses_) {
+    if (response.delay_ms > 0 && response.last_match_ms > 0 && now - response.last_match_ms >= response.delay_ms) {
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Injecting %zu RX bytes for delayed response", response.inject_rx.size());
+      this->inject_to_rx_buffer(response.inject_rx);
+      response.last_match_ms = 0;  // Reset to prevent repeated injection
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 void MockUartComponent::start_scenario() {
@@ -149,8 +158,9 @@ void MockUartComponent::add_injection(const std::vector<uint8_t> &rx_data, uint3
   this->injections_.push_back({rx_data, delay_ms});
 }
 
-void MockUartComponent::add_response(const std::vector<uint8_t> &expect_tx, const std::vector<uint8_t> &inject_rx) {
-  this->responses_.push_back({expect_tx, inject_rx});
+void MockUartComponent::add_response(const std::vector<uint8_t> &expect_tx, const std::vector<uint8_t> &inject_rx,
+                                     uint32_t delay_ms) {
+  this->responses_.push_back({expect_tx, inject_rx, delay_ms, 0});
 }
 
 void MockUartComponent::add_periodic_rx(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, uint32_t interval_ms) {
@@ -166,7 +176,13 @@ void MockUartComponent::try_match_response_() {
     size_t offset = this->tx_buffer_.size() - response.expect_tx.size();
     if (std::equal(response.expect_tx.begin(), response.expect_tx.end(), this->tx_buffer_.begin() + offset)) {
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "TX match found, injecting %zu RX bytes", response.inject_rx.size());
-      this->inject_to_rx_buffer(response.inject_rx);
+      if (response.delay_ms > 0) {
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Delaying response by %u ms", response.delay_ms);
+        // Schedule the response injection as a future injection
+        response.last_match_ms = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+      } else {
+        this->inject_to_rx_buffer(response.inject_rx);
+      }
       this->tx_buffer_.clear();
       return;
     }
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.h b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.h
index b721512f96..901e371dec 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.h
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.h
@@ -34,7 +34,8 @@ class MockUartComponent : public uart::UARTComponent, public Component {
 
   // Scenario configuration - called from generated code
   void add_injection(const std::vector<uint8_t> &rx_data, uint32_t delay_ms);
-  void add_response(const std::vector<uint8_t> &expect_tx, const std::vector<uint8_t> &inject_rx);
+  void add_response(const std::vector<uint8_t> &expect_tx, const std::vector<uint8_t> &inject_rx,
+                    uint32_t delay_ms = 0);
   void add_periodic_rx(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, uint32_t interval_ms);
 
   void start_scenario();
@@ -64,6 +65,8 @@ class MockUartComponent : public uart::UARTComponent, public Component {
   struct Response {
     std::vector<uint8_t> expect_tx;
     std::vector<uint8_t> inject_rx;
+    uint32_t delay_ms;
+    uint32_t last_match_ms{0};
   };
   std::vector<Response> responses_;
   std::vector<uint8_t> tx_buffer_;
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus.yaml
index 0a3492a0d2..3ff7ab01bd 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus.yaml
@@ -25,20 +25,64 @@ uart_mock:
     auto_start: false
     debug:
     responses:
-      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x01, 0x74, 0x0A] # Read holding register 1 on device 1
+      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x01, 0x74, 0x0A] # Read holding register 3 on device 1 (basic_register)
         inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x03, 0xF9, 0xD5] # Return value 0x0103 (hex) = 259 (dec)
+      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x01, 0x94, 0x0B] # Read holding register 5 on device 1 (delayed_response)
+        delay: 100ms # Shorter than modbus send_wait_time of 200ms, should succeed
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xF8, 0x04] # Return value 0x00FF (hex) = 255 (dec)
+      - expect_tx: [0x02, 0x03, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x01, 0x35, 0xF8] # Read holding register 7 on device 2 (late_response)
+        delay: 300ms # Longer than modbus send_wait_time of 200ms, should cause timeout
+        inject_rx: [0x02, 0x03, 0x02, 0x00, 0xF0, 0xFC, 0x00] # Return value 0x00F0 (hex) = 240 (dec)
+      - expect_tx: [0x03, 0x03, 0x00, 0x09, 0x00, 0x01, 0x55, 0xEA] # Read holding register 9 on device 3 (no_response)
+        inject_rx: [] # No response, should cause timeout
+      - expect_tx: [0x01, 0x03, 0x00, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x01, 0xA4, 0x08] # Read holding register A on device 1 (exception_response)
+        inject_rx: [0x01, 0x83, 0x02, 0xC0, 0xF1] # Exception response with code 2 (illegal data address)
 
 modbus:
   uart_id: virtual_uart_dev
+  send_wait_time: 200ms
+  turnaround_time: 10ms
 
 modbus_controller:
-  address: 1
+  - address: 1
+    id: modbus_controller_ok
+    max_cmd_retries: 0
+    update_interval: 1s
+  - address: 2
+    id: modbus_controller_slow
+    max_cmd_retries: 0
+    update_interval: 1s
+  - address: 3
+    id: modbus_controller_offline
+    max_cmd_retries: 0
+    update_interval: 1s
 
 sensor:
   - platform: modbus_controller
     name: "basic_register"
     address: 0x03
     register_type: holding
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    name: "delayed_response"
+    address: 0x05
+    register_type: holding
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    name: "late_response"
+    address: 0x07
+    register_type: holding
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_slow
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    name: "no_response"
+    address: 0x09
+    register_type: holding
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_offline
+  - platform: modbus_controller
+    name: "exception_response"
+    address: 0x0A
+    register_type: holding
+    modbus_controller_id: modbus_controller_ok
 
 button:
   - platform: template
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_timing.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_timing.yaml
index c4e29e5fe8..f4cf0bde37 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_timing.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_timing.yaml
@@ -46,10 +46,12 @@ uart_mock:
 
 modbus:
   uart_id: virtual_uart_dev
+  turnaround_time: 10ms
 
 sensor:
   - platform: sdm_meter
     address: 2
+    update_interval: 1s
     phase_a:
       voltage:
         name: sdm_voltage
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_modbus.py b/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_modbus.py
index bf3c069750..6901dc27fe 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_modbus.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_modbus.py
@@ -39,9 +39,17 @@ async def test_uart_mock_modbus(
     # Track sensor state updates (after initial state is swallowed)
     sensor_states: dict[str, list[float]] = {
         "basic_register": [],
+        "delayed_response": [],
+        "late_response": [],
+        "no_response": [],
+        "exception_response": [],
     }
 
     basic_register_changed = loop.create_future()
+    delayed_response_changed = loop.create_future()
+    late_response_changed = loop.create_future()
+    no_response_changed = loop.create_future()
+    exception_response_changed = loop.create_future()
 
     def on_state(state: EntityState) -> None:
         if isinstance(state, SensorState) and not state.missing_state:
@@ -54,6 +62,23 @@ async def test_uart_mock_modbus(
                     and not basic_register_changed.done()
                 ):
                     basic_register_changed.set_result(True)
+                elif (
+                    sensor_name == "delayed_response"
+                    and state.state == 255.0
+                    and not delayed_response_changed.done()
+                ):
+                    delayed_response_changed.set_result(True)
+                elif (
+                    sensor_name == "late_response" and not late_response_changed.done()
+                ):
+                    late_response_changed.set_result(True)
+                elif sensor_name == "no_response" and not no_response_changed.done():
+                    no_response_changed.set_result(True)
+                elif (
+                    sensor_name == "exception_response"
+                    and not exception_response_changed.done()
+                ):
+                    exception_response_changed.set_result(True)
 
     async with (
         run_compiled(yaml_config),
@@ -79,20 +104,52 @@ async def test_uart_mock_modbus(
         assert start_btn is not None, "Start Scenario button not found"
         client.button_command(start_btn.key)
 
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(delayed_response_changed, timeout=2.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(
+                f"Timeout waiting for delayed_response change. Received sensor states:\n"
+                f"  delayed_response: {sensor_states['delayed_response']}\n"
+            )
+
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(late_response_changed, timeout=2.0)
+            pytest.fail(
+                f"late_response change should not have been triggered, but was. Received sensor states:\n"
+                f"  late_response: {sensor_states['late_response']}\n"
+            )
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pass  # Expected timeout since we never inject a response for late_response
+
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(no_response_changed, timeout=2.0)
+            pytest.fail(
+                f"no_response change should not have been triggered, but was. Received sensor states:\n"
+                f"  no_response: {sensor_states['no_response']}\n"
+            )
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pass  # Expected timeout since we never inject a response for no_response
+
         # Wait for basic register to be updated with successful parse
         try:
-            await asyncio.wait_for(basic_register_changed, timeout=15.0)
+            await asyncio.wait_for(basic_register_changed, timeout=2.0)
         except TimeoutError:
             pytest.fail(
                 f"Timeout waiting for Basic Register change. Received sensor states:\n"
                 f"  basic_register: {sensor_states['basic_register']}\n"
             )
 
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(exception_response_changed, timeout=2.0)
+            pytest.fail(
+                f"exception_response change should not have been triggered, but was. Received sensor states:\n"
+                f"  exception_response: {sensor_states['exception_response']}\n"
+            )
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pass
+
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
-@pytest.mark.xfail(
-    reason="There is a bug in UART which will timeout for long responses."
-)
 async def test_uart_mock_modbus_timing(
     yaml_config: str,
     run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
@@ -155,7 +212,7 @@ async def test_uart_mock_modbus_timing(
 
         # Wait for voltage to be updated with successful parse
         try:
-            await asyncio.wait_for(voltage_changed, timeout=15.0)
+            await asyncio.wait_for(voltage_changed, timeout=2.0)
         except TimeoutError:
             pytest.fail(
                 f"Timeout waiting for SDM voltage change. Received sensor states:\n"

From 3392e4d73b564877f1a7d9b4c80f534d24a48d56 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 2026 16:08:58 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 384/609] 
 [usb_uart][nextion][feedback][whirlpool][packet_transport][he60r][hc8][runtime_stats]
 Fix millis() wrapping bugs (#14474)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@koston.org>
---
 esphome/components/feedback/feedback_cover.cpp   | 13 +++++++++----
 esphome/components/hc8/hc8.cpp                   | 16 ++++++++++------
 esphome/components/hc8/hc8.h                     |  1 +
 esphome/components/he60r/he60r.cpp               |  2 +-
 esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp           |  6 +++---
 .../packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp        | 11 ++++++-----
 .../components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.cpp   | 14 +++-----------
 esphome/components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.h | 10 +++++++---
 esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp         |  4 ++--
 esphome/components/whirlpool/whirlpool.h         |  2 +-
 esphome/core/component.cpp                       |  2 +-
 11 files changed, 44 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/feedback/feedback_cover.cpp b/esphome/components/feedback/feedback_cover.cpp
index d247bada33..1dff210cd6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/feedback/feedback_cover.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/feedback/feedback_cover.cpp
@@ -437,10 +437,15 @@ void FeedbackCover::recompute_position_() {
   }
 
   // check if we have an acceleration_wait_time, and remove from position computation
-  if (now > (this->start_dir_time_ + this->acceleration_wait_time_)) {
-    this->position +=
-        dir * (now - std::max(this->start_dir_time_ + this->acceleration_wait_time_, this->last_recompute_time_)) /
-        (action_dur - this->acceleration_wait_time_);
+  if (now - this->start_dir_time_ > this->acceleration_wait_time_) {
+    uint32_t accel_end_time = this->start_dir_time_ + this->acceleration_wait_time_;
+    uint32_t effective_start;
+    if (static_cast<int32_t>(accel_end_time - this->last_recompute_time_) >= 0) {
+      effective_start = accel_end_time;
+    } else {
+      effective_start = this->last_recompute_time_;
+    }
+    this->position += dir * (now - effective_start) / (action_dur - this->acceleration_wait_time_);
     this->position = clamp(this->position, min_pos, max_pos);
   }
   this->last_recompute_time_ = now;
diff --git a/esphome/components/hc8/hc8.cpp b/esphome/components/hc8/hc8.cpp
index 4c2d367b24..900acca691 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hc8/hc8.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/hc8/hc8.cpp
@@ -24,12 +24,16 @@ void HC8Component::setup() {
 }
 
 void HC8Component::update() {
-  uint32_t now_ms = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
-  uint32_t warmup_ms = this->warmup_seconds_ * 1000;
-  if (now_ms < warmup_ms) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "HC8 warming up, %" PRIu32 " s left", (warmup_ms - now_ms) / 1000);
-    this->status_set_warning();
-    return;
+  if (!this->warmup_complete_) {
+    uint32_t now_ms = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+    uint32_t warmup_ms = this->warmup_seconds_ * 1000;
+    if (now_ms < warmup_ms) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "HC8 warming up, %" PRIu32 " s left", (warmup_ms - now_ms) / 1000);
+      this->status_set_warning();
+      return;
+    }
+    this->warmup_complete_ = true;
+    this->status_clear_warning();
   }
 
   while (this->available())
diff --git a/esphome/components/hc8/hc8.h b/esphome/components/hc8/hc8.h
index 74257fab14..b060f38a80 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hc8/hc8.h
+++ b/esphome/components/hc8/hc8.h
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ class HC8Component : public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDevice {
  protected:
   sensor::Sensor *co2_sensor_{nullptr};
   uint32_t warmup_seconds_{0};
+  bool warmup_complete_{false};
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class HC8CalibrateAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<HC8Component> {
diff --git a/esphome/components/he60r/he60r.cpp b/esphome/components/he60r/he60r.cpp
index fdcd1a29c0..47440cc1f7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/he60r/he60r.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/he60r/he60r.cpp
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ void HE60rCover::recompute_position_() {
     return;
 
   const uint32_t now = millis();
-  if (now > this->last_recompute_time_) {
+  if (now != this->last_recompute_time_) {
     auto diff = (unsigned) (now - last_recompute_time_);
     float delta;
     switch (this->current_operation) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp
index 9f1ce47837..c8c1b6fa41 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ void Nextion::loop() {
       this->started_ms_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
 
     if (this->startup_override_ms_ > 0 &&
-        this->started_ms_ + this->startup_override_ms_ < App.get_loop_component_start_time()) {
+        App.get_loop_component_start_time() - this->started_ms_ > this->startup_override_ms_) {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Manual ready set");
       this->connection_state_.nextion_reports_is_setup_ = true;
     }
@@ -853,10 +853,10 @@ void Nextion::process_nextion_commands_() {
   const uint32_t ms = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
 
   if (this->max_q_age_ms_ > 0 && !this->nextion_queue_.empty() &&
-      this->nextion_queue_.front()->queue_time + this->max_q_age_ms_ < ms) {
+      ms - this->nextion_queue_.front()->queue_time > this->max_q_age_ms_) {
     for (size_t i = 0; i < this->nextion_queue_.size(); i++) {
       NextionComponentBase *component = this->nextion_queue_[i]->component;
-      if (this->nextion_queue_[i]->queue_time + this->max_q_age_ms_ < ms) {
+      if (ms - this->nextion_queue_[i]->queue_time > this->max_q_age_ms_) {
         if (this->nextion_queue_[i]->queue_time == 0) {
           ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Remove old queue '%s':'%s' (t=0)", component->get_queue_type_string().c_str(),
                    component->get_variable_name().c_str());
diff --git a/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp b/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp
index f241cc6114..6f1286b469 100644
--- a/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp
@@ -330,15 +330,16 @@ void PacketTransport::update() {
   if (!this->ping_pong_enable_) {
     return;
   }
-  auto now = millis() / 1000;
-  if (this->last_key_time_ + this->ping_pong_recyle_time_ < now) {
+  uint32_t now = millis();
+  uint32_t ping_request_age = now - this->last_key_time_;
+  if (ping_request_age > this->ping_pong_recyle_time_ * 1000u) {
     this->resend_ping_key_ = this->ping_pong_enable_;
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Ping request, age %" PRIu32, now - this->last_key_time_);
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Ping request, age %" PRIu32, ping_request_age);
     this->last_key_time_ = now;
   }
   for (const auto &provider : this->providers_) {
     uint32_t key_response_age = now - provider.second.last_key_response_time;
-    if (key_response_age > (this->ping_pong_recyle_time_ * 2u)) {
+    if (key_response_age > (this->ping_pong_recyle_time_ * 2000u)) {
 #ifdef USE_STATUS_SENSOR
       if (provider.second.status_sensor != nullptr && provider.second.status_sensor->state) {
         ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Ping status for %s timeout at %" PRIu32 " with age %" PRIu32, provider.first.c_str(), now,
@@ -496,7 +497,7 @@ void PacketTransport::process_(std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
     if (decoder.decode(PING_KEY, key) == DECODE_OK) {
       if (key == this->ping_key_) {
         ping_key_seen = true;
-        provider.last_key_response_time = millis() / 1000;
+        provider.last_key_response_time = millis();
         ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Found good ping key %X at timestamp %" PRIu32, (unsigned) key, provider.last_key_response_time);
       } else {
         ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Unknown ping key %X", (unsigned) key);
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.cpp b/esphome/components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.cpp
index d9fa22d949..cb28acc96c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.cpp
@@ -9,21 +9,16 @@ namespace esphome {
 
 namespace runtime_stats {
 
-RuntimeStatsCollector::RuntimeStatsCollector() : log_interval_(60000), next_log_time_(0) {
+RuntimeStatsCollector::RuntimeStatsCollector() : log_interval_(60000), next_log_time_(60000) {
   global_runtime_stats = this;
 }
 
-void RuntimeStatsCollector::record_component_time(Component *component, uint32_t duration_us, uint32_t current_time) {
+void RuntimeStatsCollector::record_component_time(Component *component, uint32_t duration_us) {
   if (component == nullptr)
     return;
 
   // Record stats using component pointer as key
   this->component_stats_[component].record_time(duration_us);
-
-  if (this->next_log_time_ == 0) {
-    this->next_log_time_ = current_time + this->log_interval_;
-    return;
-  }
 }
 
 void RuntimeStatsCollector::log_stats_() {
@@ -88,10 +83,7 @@ void RuntimeStatsCollector::log_stats_() {
 }
 
 void RuntimeStatsCollector::process_pending_stats(uint32_t current_time) {
-  if (this->next_log_time_ == 0)
-    return;
-
-  if (current_time >= this->next_log_time_) {
+  if ((int32_t) (current_time - this->next_log_time_) >= 0) {
     this->log_stats_();
     this->reset_stats_();
     this->next_log_time_ = current_time + this->log_interval_;
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.h b/esphome/components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.h
index 0847529720..303d895985 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.h
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.h
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <map>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <cstring>
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
@@ -80,10 +81,13 @@ class RuntimeStatsCollector {
  public:
   RuntimeStatsCollector();
 
-  void set_log_interval(uint32_t log_interval) { this->log_interval_ = log_interval; }
+  void set_log_interval(uint32_t log_interval) {
+    this->log_interval_ = log_interval;
+    this->next_log_time_ = millis() + log_interval;
+  }
   uint32_t get_log_interval() const { return this->log_interval_; }
 
-  void record_component_time(Component *component, uint32_t duration_us, uint32_t current_time);
+  void record_component_time(Component *component, uint32_t duration_us);
 
   // Process any pending stats printing (should be called after component loop)
   void process_pending_stats(uint32_t current_time);
@@ -101,7 +105,7 @@ class RuntimeStatsCollector {
   // We use Component* as the key since each component is unique
   std::map<Component *, ComponentRuntimeStats> component_stats_;
   uint32_t log_interval_;
-  uint32_t next_log_time_;
+  uint32_t next_log_time_{0};
 };
 
 }  // namespace runtime_stats
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
index 5c0397b2cb..e20bbd02db 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
@@ -171,8 +171,8 @@ void USBUartChannel::flush() {
   // Safe to call from the main loop only.
   // The 100 ms timeout guards against a device that stops responding mid-flush;
   // in that case the main loop is blocked for the full duration.
-  uint32_t deadline = millis() + 100;  // 100 ms safety timeout
-  while ((!this->output_queue_.empty() || this->output_started_.load()) && millis() < deadline) {
+  uint32_t start = millis();  // 100 ms safety timeout
+  while ((!this->output_queue_.empty() || this->output_started_.load()) && millis() - start < 100) {
     // Kick start_output() in case data arrived but no transfer is in flight yet.
     this->parent_->start_output(this);
     yield();
diff --git a/esphome/components/whirlpool/whirlpool.h b/esphome/components/whirlpool/whirlpool.h
index 907a21225c..992b2a7adf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/whirlpool/whirlpool.h
+++ b/esphome/components/whirlpool/whirlpool.h
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class WhirlpoolClimate : public climate_ir::ClimateIR {
   /// Handle received IR Buffer
   bool on_receive(remote_base::RemoteReceiveData data) override;
   /// Set the time of the last transmission.
-  int32_t last_transmit_time_{};
+  uint32_t last_transmit_time_{};
 
   bool send_swing_cmd_{false};
   Model model_;
diff --git a/esphome/core/component.cpp b/esphome/core/component.cpp
index 8c2c8d38e8..a9ff3ec1eb 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/component.cpp
@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ uint32_t WarnIfComponentBlockingGuard::finish() {
   // 1ms granularity, so results were essentially random noise.
   if (global_runtime_stats != nullptr) {
     uint32_t duration_us = micros() - this->started_us_;
-    global_runtime_stats->record_component_time(this->component_, duration_us, curr_time);
+    global_runtime_stats->record_component_time(this->component_, duration_us);
   }
 #endif
   if (blocking_time > WARN_IF_BLOCKING_OVER_MS) {

From de14e7055e969d1e94302fdec544a2aa39d20e89 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 2026 16:10:26 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 385/609] 
 [cse7761][ads1115][tmp1075][matrix_keypad][seeed_mr60bha2] Fix assorted bugs
 (#14518)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@koston.org>
---
 esphome/components/ads1115/ads1115.cpp            | 15 ++-------------
 esphome/components/cse7761/cse7761.cpp            | 10 +++++++---
 .../components/matrix_keypad/matrix_keypad.cpp    |  4 ++--
 .../components/seeed_mr60bha2/seeed_mr60bha2.cpp  | 12 ++++++++----
 esphome/components/tmp1075/tmp1075.cpp            |  4 ++--
 5 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ads1115/ads1115.cpp b/esphome/components/ads1115/ads1115.cpp
index f4996cd3b1..d493a6a6d3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ads1115/ads1115.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ads1115/ads1115.cpp
@@ -173,19 +173,8 @@ float ADS1115Component::request_measurement(ADS1115Multiplexer multiplexer, ADS1
   }
 
   if (resolution == ADS1015_12_BITS) {
-    bool negative = (raw_conversion >> 15) == 1;
-
-    // shift raw_conversion as it's only 12-bits, left justified
-    raw_conversion = raw_conversion >> (16 - ADS1015_12_BITS);
-
-    // check if number was negative in order to keep the sign
-    if (negative) {
-      // the number was negative
-      // 1) set the negative bit back
-      raw_conversion |= 0x8000;
-      // 2) reset the former (shifted) negative bit
-      raw_conversion &= 0xF7FF;
-    }
+    // ADS1015 returns 12-bit value left-justified in 16 bits; shift right and sign-extend
+    raw_conversion = static_cast<uint16_t>(static_cast<int16_t>(raw_conversion) >> (16 - ADS1015_12_BITS));
   }
 
   auto signed_conversion = static_cast<int16_t>(raw_conversion);
diff --git a/esphome/components/cse7761/cse7761.cpp b/esphome/components/cse7761/cse7761.cpp
index f4966357d4..7525b901f8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cse7761/cse7761.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/cse7761/cse7761.cpp
@@ -147,13 +147,17 @@ uint32_t CSE7761Component::read_(uint8_t reg, uint8_t size) {
 }
 
 uint32_t CSE7761Component::coefficient_by_unit_(uint32_t unit) {
+  uint32_t coeff = 0;
   switch (unit) {
     case RMS_UC:
-      return 0x400000 * 100 / this->data_.coefficient[RMS_UC];
+      coeff = this->data_.coefficient[RMS_UC];
+      return coeff ? 0x400000 * 100 / coeff : 0;
     case RMS_IAC:
-      return (0x800000 * 100 / this->data_.coefficient[RMS_IAC]) * 10;  // Stay within 32 bits
+      coeff = this->data_.coefficient[RMS_IAC];
+      return coeff ? (0x800000 * 100 / coeff) * 10 : 0;  // Stay within 32 bits
     case POWER_PAC:
-      return 0x80000000 / this->data_.coefficient[POWER_PAC];
+      coeff = this->data_.coefficient[POWER_PAC];
+      return coeff ? 0x80000000 / coeff : 0;
   }
   return 0;
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/matrix_keypad/matrix_keypad.cpp b/esphome/components/matrix_keypad/matrix_keypad.cpp
index 43a20c49d1..febbe794e4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/matrix_keypad/matrix_keypad.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/matrix_keypad/matrix_keypad.cpp
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ void MatrixKeypad::loop() {
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "key @ row %d, col %d released", row, col);
       for (auto &listener : this->listeners_)
         listener->button_released(row, col);
-      if (!this->keys_.empty()) {
+      if (this->pressed_key_ < (int) this->keys_.size()) {
         uint8_t keycode = this->keys_[this->pressed_key_];
         ESP_LOGD(TAG, "key '%c' released", keycode);
         for (auto &listener : this->listeners_)
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ void MatrixKeypad::loop() {
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "key @ row %d, col %d pressed", row, col);
   for (auto &listener : this->listeners_)
     listener->button_pressed(row, col);
-  if (!this->keys_.empty()) {
+  if (key < (int) this->keys_.size()) {
     uint8_t keycode = this->keys_[key];
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "key '%c' pressed", keycode);
     for (auto &trigger : this->key_triggers_)
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/seeed_mr60bha2.cpp b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/seeed_mr60bha2.cpp
index 12f188fe03..8628faac5a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/seeed_mr60bha2.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/seeed_mr60bha2.cpp
@@ -177,10 +177,14 @@ void MR60BHA2Component::process_frame_(uint16_t frame_id, uint16_t frame_type, c
         uint16_t has_target_int = encode_uint16(data[1], data[0]);
         this->has_target_binary_sensor_->publish_state(has_target_int);
         if (has_target_int == 0) {
-          this->breath_rate_sensor_->publish_state(0.0);
-          this->heart_rate_sensor_->publish_state(0.0);
-          this->distance_sensor_->publish_state(0.0);
-          this->num_targets_sensor_->publish_state(0);
+          if (this->breath_rate_sensor_ != nullptr)
+            this->breath_rate_sensor_->publish_state(0.0);
+          if (this->heart_rate_sensor_ != nullptr)
+            this->heart_rate_sensor_->publish_state(0.0);
+          if (this->distance_sensor_ != nullptr)
+            this->distance_sensor_->publish_state(0.0);
+          if (this->num_targets_sensor_ != nullptr)
+            this->num_targets_sensor_->publish_state(0);
         }
       }
       break;
diff --git a/esphome/components/tmp1075/tmp1075.cpp b/esphome/components/tmp1075/tmp1075.cpp
index 9eb1e86c75..3c7ed01970 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tmp1075/tmp1075.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/tmp1075/tmp1075.cpp
@@ -118,8 +118,8 @@ void TMP1075Sensor::send_alert_limit_high_() {
 }
 
 static uint16_t temp2regvalue(const float temp) {
-  const uint16_t regvalue = temp / 0.0625f;
-  return regvalue << 4;
+  const int16_t regvalue = static_cast<int16_t>(temp / 0.0625f);
+  return static_cast<uint16_t>(regvalue << 4);
 }
 
 static float regvalue2temp(const uint16_t regvalue) {

From 06d6322fe3ce5d4c36a24a7fafb1711c647c4439 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kevin Ahrendt <kevin.ahrendt@openhomefoundation.org>
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 2026 15:19:45 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 386/609] [audio] Extract detect_audio_file_type helper
 (#14507)

Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@koston.org>
---
 esphome/components/audio/audio.cpp        | 56 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 esphome/components/audio/audio.h          |  7 +++
 esphome/components/audio/audio_reader.cpp | 50 ++------------------
 esphome/components/audio/audio_reader.h   |  5 --
 4 files changed, 66 insertions(+), 52 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/audio/audio.cpp b/esphome/components/audio/audio.cpp
index 40592f6107..3d675109e4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio/audio.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/audio/audio.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 #include "audio.h"
 
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+#include <cstring>
+
 namespace esphome {
 namespace audio {
 
@@ -58,6 +62,58 @@ const char *audio_file_type_to_string(AudioFileType file_type) {
   }
 }
 
+AudioFileType detect_audio_file_type(const char *content_type, const char *url) {
+  // Try Content-Type header first
+  if (content_type != nullptr && content_type[0] != '\0') {
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_MP3_SUPPORT
+    if (strcasecmp(content_type, "mp3") == 0 || strcasecmp(content_type, "audio/mp3") == 0 ||
+        strcasecmp(content_type, "audio/mpeg") == 0) {
+      return AudioFileType::MP3;
+    }
+#endif
+    if (strcasecmp(content_type, "audio/wav") == 0) {
+      return AudioFileType::WAV;
+    }
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_FLAC_SUPPORT
+    if (strcasecmp(content_type, "audio/flac") == 0 || strcasecmp(content_type, "audio/x-flac") == 0) {
+      return AudioFileType::FLAC;
+    }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_OPUS_SUPPORT
+    // Match "audio/ogg" with a codecs parameter containing "opus"
+    // Valid forms: audio/ogg;codecs=opus, audio/ogg; codecs="opus", etc.
+    // Plain "audio/ogg" without opus is not matched (almost always Ogg Vorbis)
+    if (strncasecmp(content_type, "audio/ogg", 9) == 0 && strcasestr(content_type + 9, "opus") != nullptr) {
+      return AudioFileType::OPUS;
+    }
+#endif
+  }
+
+  // Fallback to URL extension
+  if (url != nullptr && url[0] != '\0') {
+    if (str_endswith_ignore_case(url, ".wav")) {
+      return AudioFileType::WAV;
+    }
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_MP3_SUPPORT
+    if (str_endswith_ignore_case(url, ".mp3")) {
+      return AudioFileType::MP3;
+    }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_FLAC_SUPPORT
+    if (str_endswith_ignore_case(url, ".flac")) {
+      return AudioFileType::FLAC;
+    }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_OPUS_SUPPORT
+    if (str_endswith_ignore_case(url, ".opus")) {
+      return AudioFileType::OPUS;
+    }
+#endif
+  }
+
+  return AudioFileType::NONE;
+}
+
 void scale_audio_samples(const int16_t *audio_samples, int16_t *output_buffer, int16_t scale_factor,
                          size_t samples_to_scale) {
   // Note the assembly dsps_mulc function has audio glitches if the input and output buffers are the same.
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio/audio.h b/esphome/components/audio/audio.h
index 7d7db9e944..d3b41a362f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio/audio.h
+++ b/esphome/components/audio/audio.h
@@ -130,6 +130,13 @@ struct AudioFile {
 /// @return const char pointer to the readable file type
 const char *audio_file_type_to_string(AudioFileType file_type);
 
+/// @brief Detect audio file type from a Content-Type header value and/or URL extension.
+/// Tries Content-Type first, then falls back to URL extension. Either parameter may be null.
+/// @param content_type Content-Type header value (may be null or empty)
+/// @param url URL to inspect for file extension (may be null or empty)
+/// @return The detected AudioFileType, or NONE if unknown
+AudioFileType detect_audio_file_type(const char *content_type, const char *url);
+
 /// @brief Scales Q15 fixed point audio samples. Scales in place if audio_samples == output_buffer.
 /// @param audio_samples PCM int16 audio samples
 /// @param output_buffer Buffer to store the scaled samples
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio/audio_reader.cpp b/esphome/components/audio/audio_reader.cpp
index 78d69d7a39..79ebf58889 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio/audio_reader.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/audio/audio_reader.cpp
@@ -185,26 +185,8 @@ esp_err_t AudioReader::start(const std::string &uri, AudioFileType &file_type) {
       return err;
     }
 
-    if (str_endswith_ignore_case(url, ".wav")) {
-      file_type = AudioFileType::WAV;
-    }
-#ifdef USE_AUDIO_MP3_SUPPORT
-    else if (str_endswith_ignore_case(url, ".mp3")) {
-      file_type = AudioFileType::MP3;
-    }
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_AUDIO_FLAC_SUPPORT
-    else if (str_endswith_ignore_case(url, ".flac")) {
-      file_type = AudioFileType::FLAC;
-    }
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_AUDIO_OPUS_SUPPORT
-    else if (str_endswith_ignore_case(url, ".opus")) {
-      file_type = AudioFileType::OPUS;
-    }
-#endif
-    else {
-      file_type = AudioFileType::NONE;
+    file_type = detect_audio_file_type(nullptr, url);
+    if (file_type == AudioFileType::NONE) {
       this->cleanup_connection_();
       return ESP_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
     }
@@ -232,32 +214,6 @@ AudioReaderState AudioReader::read() {
   return AudioReaderState::FAILED;
 }
 
-AudioFileType AudioReader::get_audio_type(const char *content_type) {
-#ifdef USE_AUDIO_MP3_SUPPORT
-  if (strcasecmp(content_type, "mp3") == 0 || strcasecmp(content_type, "audio/mp3") == 0 ||
-      strcasecmp(content_type, "audio/mpeg") == 0) {
-    return AudioFileType::MP3;
-  }
-#endif
-  if (strcasecmp(content_type, "audio/wav") == 0) {
-    return AudioFileType::WAV;
-  }
-#ifdef USE_AUDIO_FLAC_SUPPORT
-  if (strcasecmp(content_type, "audio/flac") == 0 || strcasecmp(content_type, "audio/x-flac") == 0) {
-    return AudioFileType::FLAC;
-  }
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_AUDIO_OPUS_SUPPORT
-  // Match "audio/ogg" with a codecs parameter containing "opus"
-  // Valid forms: audio/ogg;codecs=opus, audio/ogg; codecs="opus", etc.
-  // Plain "audio/ogg" without a codecs parameter is not matched, as those are almost always Ogg Vorbis streams
-  if (strncasecmp(content_type, "audio/ogg", 9) == 0 && strcasestr(content_type + 9, "opus") != nullptr) {
-    return AudioFileType::OPUS;
-  }
-#endif
-  return AudioFileType::NONE;
-}
-
 esp_err_t AudioReader::http_event_handler(esp_http_client_event_t *evt) {
   // Based on https://github.com/maroc81/WeatherLily/tree/main/main/net accessed 20241224
   AudioReader *this_reader = (AudioReader *) evt->user_data;
@@ -265,7 +221,7 @@ esp_err_t AudioReader::http_event_handler(esp_http_client_event_t *evt) {
   switch (evt->event_id) {
     case HTTP_EVENT_ON_HEADER:
       if (strcasecmp(evt->header_key, "Content-Type") == 0) {
-        this_reader->audio_file_type_ = get_audio_type(evt->header_value);
+        this_reader->audio_file_type_ = detect_audio_file_type(evt->header_value, nullptr);
       }
       break;
     default:
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio/audio_reader.h b/esphome/components/audio/audio_reader.h
index 0b73923e84..753b310213 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio/audio_reader.h
+++ b/esphome/components/audio/audio_reader.h
@@ -58,11 +58,6 @@ class AudioReader {
   /// @brief Monitors the http client events to attempt determining the file type from the Content-Type header
   static esp_err_t http_event_handler(esp_http_client_event_t *evt);
 
-  /// @brief Determines the audio file type from the http header's Content-Type key
-  /// @param content_type string with the Content-Type key
-  /// @return AudioFileType of the url, if it can be determined. If not, return AudioFileType::NONE.
-  static AudioFileType get_audio_type(const char *content_type);
-
   AudioReaderState file_read_();
   AudioReaderState http_read_();
 

From fbf63d8e3bec76734ae5eb2e487aca43e0747913 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 2026 11:23:00 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 387/609] [rp2040] Update arduino-pico to 5.5.1 and fix WiFi AP
 fallback (#14500)

---
 .clang-tidy.hash                              |  2 +-
 esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py         |  6 +-
 esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py           |  8 +-
 .../components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp | 81 ++++++++++++-------
 platformio.ini                                |  2 +-
 5 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 34 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.clang-tidy.hash b/.clang-tidy.hash
index 767da3f33e..adcebadeb4 100644
--- a/.clang-tidy.hash
+++ b/.clang-tidy.hash
@@ -1 +1 @@
-b97e16a84153b2a4cfc51137cd6121db3c32374504b2bea55144413b3e573052
+b6f8c16c1ddd222134bf4a71910b4c832e764e23caf49f9bce3280b079955fcf
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py b/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py
index ea269a47c5..1442a0a7f7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ def _parse_platform_version(value):
 # The default/recommended arduino framework version
 #  - https://github.com/earlephilhower/arduino-pico/releases
 #  - https://api.registry.platformio.org/v3/packages/earlephilhower/tool/framework-arduinopico
-RECOMMENDED_ARDUINO_FRAMEWORK_VERSION = cv.Version(5, 5, 0)
+RECOMMENDED_ARDUINO_FRAMEWORK_VERSION = cv.Version(5, 5, 1)
 
 # The raspberrypi platform version to use for arduino frameworks
 #  - https://github.com/maxgerhardt/platform-raspberrypi/tags
@@ -101,8 +101,8 @@ RECOMMENDED_ARDUINO_PLATFORM_VERSION = "v1.4.0-gcc14-arduinopico460"
 def _arduino_check_versions(value):
     value = value.copy()
     lookups = {
-        "dev": (cv.Version(5, 5, 0), "https://github.com/earlephilhower/arduino-pico"),
-        "latest": (cv.Version(5, 5, 0), None),
+        "dev": (cv.Version(5, 5, 1), "https://github.com/earlephilhower/arduino-pico"),
+        "latest": (cv.Version(5, 5, 1), None),
         "recommended": (RECOMMENDED_ARDUINO_FRAMEWORK_VERSION, None),
     }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py b/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
index 2aa63b87cc..0f86ec059e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
@@ -210,7 +210,13 @@ WIFI_NETWORK_AP = WIFI_NETWORK_BASE.extend(
 def wifi_network_ap(value):
     if value is None:
         value = {}
-    return WIFI_NETWORK_AP(value)
+    config = WIFI_NETWORK_AP(value)
+    if CONF_MANUAL_IP in config and CORE.is_rp2040:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            "Manual AP IP configuration is not supported on RP2040. "
+            "The AP uses the default IP 192.168.4.1"
+        )
+    return config
 
 
 WIFI_NETWORK_STA = WIFI_NETWORK_BASE.extend(
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp
index 270425d8c2..5140fb285e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,25 @@ namespace esphome::wifi {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "wifi_pico_w";
 
+// Check if STA is fully connected (WiFi joined + has IP address).
+// Do NOT use WiFi.status() or WiFi.connected() for this — in AP-only mode they
+// unconditionally return true regardless of STA state, causing false positives
+// when the fallback AP is active.
+static bool wifi_sta_connected() {
+  int link = cyw43_wifi_link_status(&cyw43_state, CYW43_ITF_STA);
+  IPAddress local = WiFi.localIP();
+  if (link == CYW43_LINK_JOIN && local.isSet()) {
+    // Verify the IP is a real STA IP, not the AP's IP leaking through
+    IPAddress ap_ip = WiFi.softAPIP();
+    if (local == ap_ip) {
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "wifi_sta_connected: localIP %s matches AP IP, ignoring", local.toString().c_str());
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
 // Track previous state for detecting changes
 static bool s_sta_was_connected = false;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 static bool s_sta_had_ip = false;         // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
@@ -27,17 +46,21 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_mode_(optional<bool> sta, optional<bool> ap) {
   if (sta.has_value()) {
     if (sta.value()) {
       cyw43_wifi_set_up(&cyw43_state, CYW43_ITF_STA, true, CYW43_COUNTRY_WORLDWIDE);
+    } else {
+      // Leave the STA network so the radio is free for scanning.
+      // Use cyw43_wifi_leave directly to avoid corrupting Arduino framework state.
+      cyw43_wifi_leave(&cyw43_state, CYW43_ITF_STA);
     }
   }
 
-  bool ap_state = false;
   if (ap.has_value()) {
     if (ap.value()) {
       cyw43_wifi_set_up(&cyw43_state, CYW43_ITF_AP, true, CYW43_COUNTRY_WORLDWIDE);
-      ap_state = true;
+    } else {
+      cyw43_wifi_set_up(&cyw43_state, CYW43_ITF_AP, false, CYW43_COUNTRY_WORLDWIDE);
     }
+    this->ap_started_ = ap.value();
   }
-  this->ap_started_ = ap_state;
   return true;
 }
 
@@ -129,8 +152,8 @@ WiFiSTAConnectStatus WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_connect_status_() const {
   int status = cyw43_wifi_link_status(&cyw43_state, CYW43_ITF_STA);
   switch (status) {
     case CYW43_LINK_JOIN:
-      // WiFi joined, check if we have an IP address via the Arduino framework's WiFi class
-      if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED) {
+      // WiFi joined, check if STA has an IP address via wifi_sta_connected()
+      if (wifi_sta_connected()) {
         return WiFiSTAConnectStatus::CONNECTED;
       }
       return WiFiSTAConnectStatus::CONNECTING;
@@ -188,19 +211,9 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_scan_start_(bool passive) {
 
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_AP
 bool WiFiComponent::wifi_ap_ip_config_(const optional<ManualIP> &manual_ip) {
-  esphome::network::IPAddress ip_address, gateway, subnet, dns;
-  if (manual_ip.has_value()) {
-    ip_address = manual_ip->static_ip;
-    gateway = manual_ip->gateway;
-    subnet = manual_ip->subnet;
-    dns = manual_ip->static_ip;
-  } else {
-    ip_address = network::IPAddress(192, 168, 4, 1);
-    gateway = network::IPAddress(192, 168, 4, 1);
-    subnet = network::IPAddress(255, 255, 255, 0);
-    dns = network::IPAddress(192, 168, 4, 1);
-  }
-  WiFi.config(ip_address, dns, gateway, subnet);
+  // AP IP is configured by WiFi.beginAP() internally using defaults (192.168.4.1).
+  // Manual AP IP has never worked on RP2040 — WiFi.config() configures the STA
+  // interface, not the AP. This is now rejected at config validation time.
   return true;
 }
 
@@ -219,18 +232,25 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_start_ap_(const WiFiAP &ap) {
   }
 #endif
 
-  WiFi.beginAP(ap.ssid_.c_str(), ap.password_.c_str(), ap.has_channel() ? ap.get_channel() : 1);
+  // Pass nullptr for empty password — CYW43 uses the password pointer (not length)
+  // to choose between OPEN and WPA2 auth mode.
+  const char *ap_password = ap.password_.empty() ? nullptr : ap.password_.c_str();
+  WiFi.beginAP(ap.ssid_.c_str(), ap_password, ap.has_channel() ? ap.get_channel() : 1);
 
   return true;
 }
 
-network::IPAddress WiFiComponent::wifi_soft_ap_ip() { return {(const ip_addr_t *) WiFi.localIP()}; }
+network::IPAddress WiFiComponent::wifi_soft_ap_ip() { return {(const ip_addr_t *) WiFi.softAPIP()}; }
 #endif  // USE_WIFI_AP
 
 bool WiFiComponent::wifi_disconnect_() {
-  // Use Arduino WiFi.disconnect() instead of raw cyw43_wifi_leave() to properly
-  // clean up the lwIP netif, DHCP client, and internal Arduino state.
-  WiFi.disconnect();
+  // Use cyw43_wifi_leave() directly instead of WiFi.disconnect().
+  // WiFi.disconnect() sets _wifiHWInitted=false in the Arduino framework. beginAP()
+  // uses _wifiHWInitted to determine AP+STA vs AP-only mode — with it false,
+  // beginAP() enters AP-only mode (IP 192.168.42.1) instead of AP_STA mode
+  // (IP 192.168.4.1). In AP-only mode, _beginInternal() redirects all subsequent
+  // STA connect attempts to beginAP(), creating an infinite loop.
+  cyw43_wifi_leave(&cyw43_state, CYW43_ITF_STA);
   return true;
 }
 
@@ -251,14 +271,21 @@ const char *WiFiComponent::wifi_ssid_to(std::span<char, SSID_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer
   buffer[len] = '\0';
   return buffer.data();
 }
-int8_t WiFiComponent::wifi_rssi() { return WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED ? WiFi.RSSI() : WIFI_RSSI_DISCONNECTED; }
+int8_t WiFiComponent::wifi_rssi() { return this->is_connected_() ? WiFi.RSSI() : WIFI_RSSI_DISCONNECTED; }
 int32_t WiFiComponent::get_wifi_channel() { return WiFi.channel(); }
 
 network::IPAddresses WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_ip_addresses() {
   network::IPAddresses addresses;
   uint8_t index = 0;
+  // Filter out AP interface addresses — addrList includes all lwIP netifs.
+  // The AP netif IP lingers even after the AP radio is disabled.
+  IPAddress ap_ip = WiFi.softAPIP();
   for (auto addr : addrList) {
-    addresses[index++] = addr.ipFromNetifNum();
+    IPAddress ip(addr.ipFromNetifNum());
+    if (ip == ap_ip) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    addresses[index++] = ip;
   }
   return addresses;
 }
@@ -288,9 +315,7 @@ void WiFiComponent::wifi_loop_() {
   // Poll for connection state changes
   // The arduino-pico WiFi library doesn't have event callbacks like ESP8266/ESP32,
   // so we need to poll the link status to detect state changes.
-  // Use WiFi.connected() which checks both the WiFi link and IP address via the
-  // Arduino framework's own netif (not the SDK's uninitialized one).
-  bool is_connected = WiFi.connected();
+  bool is_connected = wifi_sta_connected();
 
   // Detect connection state change
   if (is_connected && !s_sta_was_connected) {
diff --git a/platformio.ini b/platformio.ini
index 16a1b18211..87f992759c 100644
--- a/platformio.ini
+++ b/platformio.ini
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ board_build.filesystem_size = 0.5m
 platform = https://github.com/maxgerhardt/platform-raspberrypi.git#v1.4.0-gcc14-arduinopico460
 platform_packages =
     ; earlephilhower/framework-arduinopico@~1.20602.0 ; Cannot use the platformio package until old releases stop getting deleted
-    earlephilhower/framework-arduinopico@https://github.com/earlephilhower/arduino-pico/releases/download/5.5.0/rp2040-5.5.0.zip
+    earlephilhower/framework-arduinopico@https://github.com/earlephilhower/arduino-pico/releases/download/5.5.1/rp2040-5.5.1.zip
 
 framework = arduino
 lib_deps =

From e8b1dce67b2d31c1d8f9b2e44dc0d292d6e9d381 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 2026 16:28:41 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 388/609] [st7735][st7789v][st7920] Fix display buffer
 overflows and dead code (#14511)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/st7735/st7735.cpp   | 14 +------------
 esphome/components/st7735/st7735.h     |  1 -
 esphome/components/st7789v/st7789v.cpp | 29 +++++++++++++++++---------
 esphome/components/st7920/st7920.cpp   | 15 +++++++------
 4 files changed, 29 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/st7735/st7735.cpp b/esphome/components/st7735/st7735.cpp
index 58459b79bb..0fcfdd6c71 100644
--- a/esphome/components/st7735/st7735.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/st7735/st7735.cpp
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ void HOT ST7735::write_display_data_() {
 }
 
 void ST7735::spi_master_write_addr_(uint16_t addr1, uint16_t addr2) {
-  static uint8_t byte[4];
+  uint8_t byte[4];
   byte[0] = (addr1 >> 8) & 0xFF;
   byte[1] = addr1 & 0xFF;
   byte[2] = (addr2 >> 8) & 0xFF;
@@ -476,17 +476,5 @@ void ST7735::spi_master_write_addr_(uint16_t addr1, uint16_t addr2) {
   this->write_array(byte, 4);
 }
 
-void ST7735::spi_master_write_color_(uint16_t color, uint16_t size) {
-  static uint8_t byte[1024];
-  int index = 0;
-  for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-    byte[index++] = (color >> 8) & 0xFF;
-    byte[index++] = color & 0xFF;
-  }
-
-  this->dc_pin_->digital_write(true);
-  write_array(byte, size * 2);
-}
-
 }  // namespace st7735
 }  // namespace esphome
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7735/st7735.h b/esphome/components/st7735/st7735.h
index 37fe673962..e81be520ed 100644
--- a/esphome/components/st7735/st7735.h
+++ b/esphome/components/st7735/st7735.h
@@ -68,7 +68,6 @@ class ST7735 : public display::DisplayBuffer,
   void set_addr_window_(uint16_t x, uint16_t y, uint16_t w, uint16_t h);
   void draw_absolute_pixel_internal(int x, int y, Color color) override;
   void spi_master_write_addr_(uint16_t addr1, uint16_t addr2);
-  void spi_master_write_color_(uint16_t color, uint16_t size);
 
   int get_width_internal() override;
   int get_height_internal() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7789v/st7789v.cpp b/esphome/components/st7789v/st7789v.cpp
index cd0b6cabc3..6e4360ae74 100644
--- a/esphome/components/st7789v/st7789v.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/st7789v/st7789v.cpp
@@ -1,11 +1,16 @@
 #include "st7789v.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include <algorithm>
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace st7789v {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "st7789v";
-static const size_t TEMP_BUFFER_SIZE = 128;
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+static constexpr size_t TEMP_BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;
+#else
+static constexpr size_t TEMP_BUFFER_SIZE = 512;
+#endif
 
 void ST7789V::setup() {
 #ifdef USE_POWER_SUPPLY
@@ -236,7 +241,7 @@ void ST7789V::write_data_(uint8_t value) {
 }
 
 void ST7789V::write_addr_(uint16_t addr1, uint16_t addr2) {
-  static uint8_t byte[4];
+  uint8_t byte[4];
   byte[0] = (addr1 >> 8) & 0xFF;
   byte[1] = addr1 & 0xFF;
   byte[2] = (addr2 >> 8) & 0xFF;
@@ -247,15 +252,19 @@ void ST7789V::write_addr_(uint16_t addr1, uint16_t addr2) {
 }
 
 void ST7789V::write_color_(uint16_t color, uint16_t size) {
-  static uint8_t byte[1024];
-  int index = 0;
-  for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-    byte[index++] = (color >> 8) & 0xFF;
-    byte[index++] = color & 0xFF;
-  }
-
+  uint8_t byte[TEMP_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  uint16_t remaining = size;
   this->dc_pin_->digital_write(true);
-  write_array(byte, size * 2);
+  while (remaining > 0) {
+    uint16_t batch = std::min(remaining, static_cast<uint16_t>(sizeof(byte) / 2));
+    int index = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < batch; i++) {
+      byte[index++] = (color >> 8) & 0xFF;
+      byte[index++] = color & 0xFF;
+    }
+    this->write_array(byte, batch * 2);
+    remaining -= batch;
+  }
 }
 
 size_t ST7789V::get_buffer_length_() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7920/st7920.cpp b/esphome/components/st7920/st7920.cpp
index afd7cd61bd..a840f98152 100644
--- a/esphome/components/st7920/st7920.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/st7920/st7920.cpp
@@ -72,16 +72,19 @@ void ST7920::goto_xy_(uint16_t x, uint16_t y) {
 }
 
 void HOT ST7920::write_display_data() {
-  uint8_t i, j, b;
-  for (j = 0; j < (uint8_t) (this->get_height_internal() / 2); j++) {
+  int i, j;
+  uint8_t b;
+  int width_bytes = this->get_width_internal() / 8;
+  int half_height = this->get_height_internal() / 2;
+  for (j = 0; j < half_height; j++) {
     this->goto_xy_(0, j);
     this->enable();
-    for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {  // 16 bytes from line #0+
-      b = this->buffer_[i + j * 16];
+    for (i = 0; i < width_bytes; i++) {
+      b = this->buffer_[i + j * width_bytes];
       this->send_(LCD_DATA, b);
     }
-    for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {  // 16 bytes from line #32+
-      b = this->buffer_[i + (j + 32) * 16];
+    for (i = 0; i < width_bytes; i++) {
+      b = this->buffer_[i + (j + half_height) * width_bytes];
       this->send_(LCD_DATA, b);
     }
     this->disable();

From b2c12d88fe15d31710365a0b8759317527abc2d7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: tomaszduda23 <tomaszduda23@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 2026 23:24:11 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 389/609] [uart] init tx_pin, rx_pin, flow control,
 rx_buffer_size (#14524)

---
 esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h
index b6ffbbd51f..078ce64b30 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h
@@ -183,10 +183,10 @@ class UARTComponent {
   virtual void check_logger_conflict() = 0;
   bool check_read_timeout_(size_t len = 1);
 
-  InternalGPIOPin *tx_pin_;
-  InternalGPIOPin *rx_pin_;
-  InternalGPIOPin *flow_control_pin_;
-  size_t rx_buffer_size_;
+  InternalGPIOPin *tx_pin_{};
+  InternalGPIOPin *rx_pin_{};
+  InternalGPIOPin *flow_control_pin_{};
+  size_t rx_buffer_size_{};
   size_t rx_full_threshold_{1};
   size_t rx_timeout_{0};
   uint32_t baud_rate_{0};

From 8a8f6824a200a8396a66f1873a7731504e75cc0b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 2026 17:29:44 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 390/609] [openthread][ethernet][wifi] Add IPv6 address array
 bounds assert (#14488)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp | 1 +
 esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h         | 2 +-
 esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp   | 1 +
 esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp | 2 ++
 esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp_idf.cpp | 1 +
 esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp  | 3 +++
 6 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp
index 098f7be972..0bc67c8b03 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp
@@ -470,6 +470,7 @@ network::IPAddresses EthernetComponent::get_ip_addresses() {
   uint8_t count = 0;
   count = esp_netif_get_all_ip6(this->eth_netif_, if_ip6s);
   assert(count <= CONFIG_LWIP_IPV6_NUM_ADDRESSES);
+  assert(count < addresses.size());
   for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
     addresses[i + 1] = network::IPAddress(&if_ip6s[i]);
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h
index d853c58f95..c87f4fa7c1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ class InstanceLock {
   otInstance *get_instance();
 
  private:
-  // Use a private constructor in order to force thehandling
+  // Use a private constructor in order to force the handling
   // of acquisition failure
   InstanceLock() {}
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp
index 2296e32b7f..cdc7a404b2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp
@@ -197,6 +197,7 @@ network::IPAddresses OpenThreadComponent::get_ip_addresses() {
   esp_netif_t *netif = esp_netif_get_default_netif();
   count = esp_netif_get_all_ip6(netif, if_ip6s);
   assert(count <= CONFIG_LWIP_IPV6_NUM_ADDRESSES);
+  assert(count < addresses.size());
   for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
     addresses[i + 1] = network::IPAddress(&if_ip6s[i]);
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
index 02ce59502b..355832b434 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 #include <user_interface.h>
 
+#include <cassert>
 #include <utility>
 #include <algorithm>
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_WPA2_EAP
@@ -205,6 +206,7 @@ network::IPAddresses WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_ip_addresses() {
   network::IPAddresses addresses;
   uint8_t index = 0;
   for (auto &addr : addrList) {
+    assert(index < addresses.size());
     addresses[index++] = addr.ipFromNetifNum();
   }
   return addresses;
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp_idf.cpp
index bf432cea6e..eca3f19249 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp_idf.cpp
@@ -585,6 +585,7 @@ network::IPAddresses WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_ip_addresses() {
   uint8_t count = 0;
   count = esp_netif_get_all_ip6(s_sta_netif, if_ip6s);
   assert(count <= CONFIG_LWIP_IPV6_NUM_ADDRESSES);
+  assert(count < addresses.size());
   for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
     addresses[i + 1] = network::IPAddress(&if_ip6s[i]);
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp
index 5140fb285e..1cfeee3c1b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 #ifdef USE_WIFI
 #ifdef USE_RP2040
 
+#include <cassert>
+
 #include "lwip/dns.h"
 #include "lwip/err.h"
 #include "lwip/netif.h"
@@ -285,6 +287,7 @@ network::IPAddresses WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_ip_addresses() {
     if (ip == ap_ip) {
       continue;
     }
+    assert(index < addresses.size());
     addresses[index++] = ip;
   }
   return addresses;

From 64098122e77cc893d5e2cc288a5b30e6a1744724 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kevin Ahrendt <kevin.ahrendt@openhomefoundation.org>
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 2026 16:30:13 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 391/609] [audio_file] Add media source platform (#14436)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci-lite[bot] <117423508+pre-commit-ci-lite[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 CODEOWNERS                                    |   1 +
 .../audio_file/media_source/__init__.py       |  38 +++
 .../media_source/audio_file_media_source.cpp  | 283 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../media_source/audio_file_media_source.h    |  50 ++++
 tests/components/audio_file/common.yaml       |   4 +
 5 files changed, 376 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/audio_file/media_source/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/audio_file/media_source/audio_file_media_source.cpp
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/audio_file/media_source/audio_file_media_source.h

diff --git a/CODEOWNERS b/CODEOWNERS
index 7c37b20e09..8bf896d159 100644
--- a/CODEOWNERS
+++ b/CODEOWNERS
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ esphome/components/audio/* @kahrendt
 esphome/components/audio_adc/* @kbx81
 esphome/components/audio_dac/* @kbx81
 esphome/components/audio_file/* @kahrendt
+esphome/components/audio_file/media_source/* @kahrendt
 esphome/components/axs15231/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/b_parasite/* @rbaron
 esphome/components/ballu/* @bazuchan
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio_file/media_source/__init__.py b/esphome/components/audio_file/media_source/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e9e292a2b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/audio_file/media_source/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import media_source, psram
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_TASK_STACK_IN_PSRAM
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@kahrendt"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["audio"]
+DEPENDENCIES = ["audio_file"]
+
+audio_file_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("audio_file")
+AudioFileMediaSource = audio_file_ns.class_(
+    "AudioFileMediaSource", cg.Component, media_source.MediaSource
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    media_source.media_source_schema(
+        AudioFileMediaSource,
+    )
+    .extend(
+        {
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TASK_STACK_IN_PSRAM): cv.All(
+                cv.boolean, cv.requires_component(psram.DOMAIN)
+            ),
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
+    cv.only_on_esp32,
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    await media_source.register_media_source(var, config)
+
+    if CONF_TASK_STACK_IN_PSRAM in config:
+        cg.add(var.set_task_stack_in_psram(config[CONF_TASK_STACK_IN_PSRAM]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio_file/media_source/audio_file_media_source.cpp b/esphome/components/audio_file/media_source/audio_file_media_source.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..120f871d2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/audio_file/media_source/audio_file_media_source.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+#include "audio_file_media_source.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+
+#include "esphome/components/audio/audio_decoder.h"
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace esphome::audio_file {
+
+namespace {  // anonymous namespace for internal linkage
+struct AudioSinkAdapter : public audio::AudioSinkCallback {
+  media_source::MediaSource *source;
+  audio::AudioStreamInfo stream_info;
+
+  size_t audio_sink_write(uint8_t *data, size_t length, TickType_t ticks_to_wait) override {
+    return this->source->write_output(data, length, pdTICKS_TO_MS(ticks_to_wait), this->stream_info);
+  }
+};
+}  // namespace
+
+#if defined(USE_AUDIO_OPUS_SUPPORT)
+static constexpr uint32_t DECODE_TASK_STACK_SIZE = 5 * 1024;
+#else
+static constexpr uint32_t DECODE_TASK_STACK_SIZE = 3 * 1024;
+#endif
+
+static const char *const TAG = "audio_file_media_source";
+
+enum EventGroupBits : uint32_t {
+  // Requests to start playback (set by play_uri, handled by loop)
+  REQUEST_START = (1 << 0),
+  // Commands from main loop to decode task
+  COMMAND_STOP = (1 << 1),
+  COMMAND_PAUSE = (1 << 2),
+  // Decode task lifecycle signals (one-shot, cleared by loop)
+  TASK_STARTING = (1 << 7),
+  TASK_RUNNING = (1 << 8),
+  TASK_STOPPING = (1 << 9),
+  TASK_STOPPED = (1 << 10),
+  TASK_ERROR = (1 << 11),
+  // Decode task state (level-triggered, set/cleared by decode task)
+  TASK_PAUSED = (1 << 12),
+  ALL_BITS = 0x00FFFFFF,  // All valid FreeRTOS event group bits
+};
+
+void AudioFileMediaSource::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Audio File Media Source:");
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Task Stack in PSRAM: %s", this->task_stack_in_psram_ ? "Yes" : "No");
+}
+
+void AudioFileMediaSource::setup() {
+  this->disable_loop();
+
+  this->event_group_ = xEventGroupCreate();
+  if (this->event_group_ == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to create event group");
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+void AudioFileMediaSource::loop() {
+  EventBits_t event_bits = xEventGroupGetBits(this->event_group_);
+
+  if (event_bits & REQUEST_START) {
+    xEventGroupClearBits(this->event_group_, REQUEST_START);
+    this->decoding_state_ = AudioFileDecodingState::START_TASK;
+  }
+
+  switch (this->decoding_state_) {
+    case AudioFileDecodingState::START_TASK: {
+      if (!this->decode_task_.is_created()) {
+        xEventGroupClearBits(this->event_group_, ALL_BITS);
+        if (!this->decode_task_.create(decode_task, "AudioFileDec", DECODE_TASK_STACK_SIZE, this, 1,
+                                       this->task_stack_in_psram_)) {
+          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to create task");
+          this->status_momentary_error("task_create", 1000);
+          this->set_state_(media_source::MediaSourceState::ERROR);
+          this->decoding_state_ = AudioFileDecodingState::IDLE;
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+      this->decoding_state_ = AudioFileDecodingState::DECODING;
+      break;
+    }
+    case AudioFileDecodingState::DECODING: {
+      if (event_bits & TASK_STARTING) {
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Starting");
+        xEventGroupClearBits(this->event_group_, TASK_STARTING);
+      }
+
+      if (event_bits & TASK_RUNNING) {
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Started");
+        xEventGroupClearBits(this->event_group_, TASK_RUNNING);
+        this->set_state_(media_source::MediaSourceState::PLAYING);
+      }
+
+      if ((event_bits & TASK_PAUSED) && this->get_state() != media_source::MediaSourceState::PAUSED) {
+        this->set_state_(media_source::MediaSourceState::PAUSED);
+      } else if (!(event_bits & TASK_PAUSED) && this->get_state() == media_source::MediaSourceState::PAUSED) {
+        this->set_state_(media_source::MediaSourceState::PLAYING);
+      }
+
+      if (event_bits & TASK_STOPPING) {
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Stopping");
+        xEventGroupClearBits(this->event_group_, TASK_STOPPING);
+      }
+
+      if (event_bits & TASK_ERROR) {
+        // Report error so the orchestrator knows playback failed; task will have already logged the specific error
+        this->set_state_(media_source::MediaSourceState::ERROR);
+      }
+
+      if (event_bits & TASK_STOPPED) {
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Stopped");
+        xEventGroupClearBits(this->event_group_, ALL_BITS);
+
+        this->decode_task_.deallocate();
+        this->set_state_(media_source::MediaSourceState::IDLE);
+        this->decoding_state_ = AudioFileDecodingState::IDLE;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case AudioFileDecodingState::IDLE: {
+      if (this->get_state() == media_source::MediaSourceState::ERROR && !this->status_has_error()) {
+        this->set_state_(media_source::MediaSourceState::IDLE);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if ((this->decoding_state_ == AudioFileDecodingState::IDLE) &&
+      (this->get_state() == media_source::MediaSourceState::IDLE)) {
+    this->disable_loop();
+  }
+}
+
+// Called from the orchestrator's main loop, so no synchronization needed with loop()
+bool AudioFileMediaSource::play_uri(const std::string &uri) {
+  if (!this->is_ready() || this->is_failed() || this->status_has_error() || !this->has_listener() ||
+      xEventGroupGetBits(this->event_group_) & REQUEST_START) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Check if source is already playing
+  if (this->get_state() != media_source::MediaSourceState::IDLE) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Cannot play '%s': source is busy", uri.c_str());
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Validate URI starts with "audio-file://"
+  if (!uri.starts_with("audio-file://")) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid URI: '%s'", uri.c_str());
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Strip "audio-file://" prefix and find the file
+  const char *file_id = uri.c_str() + 13;  // "audio-file://" is 13 characters
+
+  for (const auto &named_file : get_named_audio_files()) {
+    if (strcmp(named_file.file_id, file_id) == 0) {
+      this->current_file_ = named_file.file;
+      xEventGroupSetBits(this->event_group_, EventGroupBits::REQUEST_START);
+      this->enable_loop();
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unknown file: '%s'", file_id);
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Called from the orchestrator's main loop, so no synchronization needed with loop()
+void AudioFileMediaSource::handle_command(media_source::MediaSourceCommand command) {
+  if (this->decoding_state_ != AudioFileDecodingState::DECODING) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  switch (command) {
+    case media_source::MediaSourceCommand::STOP:
+      xEventGroupSetBits(this->event_group_, EventGroupBits::COMMAND_STOP);
+      break;
+    case media_source::MediaSourceCommand::PAUSE:
+      xEventGroupSetBits(this->event_group_, EventGroupBits::COMMAND_PAUSE);
+      break;
+    case media_source::MediaSourceCommand::PLAY:
+      xEventGroupClearBits(this->event_group_, EventGroupBits::COMMAND_PAUSE);
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void AudioFileMediaSource::decode_task(void *params) {
+  AudioFileMediaSource *this_source = static_cast<AudioFileMediaSource *>(params);
+
+  do {  // do-while(false) ensures RAII objects are destroyed on all exit paths via break
+
+    xEventGroupSetBits(this_source->event_group_, EventGroupBits::TASK_STARTING);
+
+    // 0 bytes for input transfer buffer makes it an inplace buffer
+    std::unique_ptr<audio::AudioDecoder> decoder = make_unique<audio::AudioDecoder>(0, 4096);
+
+    esp_err_t err = decoder->start(this_source->current_file_->file_type);
+    if (err != ESP_OK) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to start decoder: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
+      xEventGroupSetBits(this_source->event_group_, EventGroupBits::TASK_ERROR | EventGroupBits::TASK_STOPPING);
+      break;
+    }
+
+    // Add the file as a const data source
+    decoder->add_source(this_source->current_file_->data, this_source->current_file_->length);
+
+    xEventGroupSetBits(this_source->event_group_, EventGroupBits::TASK_RUNNING);
+
+    AudioSinkAdapter audio_sink;
+    bool has_stream_info = false;
+
+    while (true) {
+      EventBits_t event_bits = xEventGroupGetBits(this_source->event_group_);
+
+      if (event_bits & EventGroupBits::COMMAND_STOP) {
+        break;
+      }
+
+      bool paused = event_bits & EventGroupBits::COMMAND_PAUSE;
+      decoder->set_pause_output_state(paused);
+      if (paused) {
+        xEventGroupSetBits(this_source->event_group_, EventGroupBits::TASK_PAUSED);
+        vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(20));
+      } else {
+        xEventGroupClearBits(this_source->event_group_, EventGroupBits::TASK_PAUSED);
+      }
+
+      // Will stop gracefully once finished with the current file
+      audio::AudioDecoderState decoder_state = decoder->decode(true);
+
+      if (decoder_state == audio::AudioDecoderState::FINISHED) {
+        break;
+      } else if (decoder_state == audio::AudioDecoderState::FAILED) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Decoder failed");
+        xEventGroupSetBits(this_source->event_group_, EventGroupBits::TASK_ERROR);
+        break;
+      }
+
+      if (!has_stream_info && decoder->get_audio_stream_info().has_value()) {
+        has_stream_info = true;
+
+        audio::AudioStreamInfo stream_info = decoder->get_audio_stream_info().value();
+
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Bits per sample: %d, Channels: %d, Sample rate: %d", stream_info.get_bits_per_sample(),
+                 stream_info.get_channels(), stream_info.get_sample_rate());
+
+        if (stream_info.get_bits_per_sample() != 16 || stream_info.get_channels() > 2) {
+          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Incompatible audio stream. Only 16 bits per sample and 1 or 2 channels are supported");
+          xEventGroupSetBits(this_source->event_group_, EventGroupBits::TASK_ERROR);
+          break;
+        }
+
+        audio_sink.source = this_source;
+        audio_sink.stream_info = stream_info;
+        esp_err_t err = decoder->add_sink(&audio_sink);
+        if (err != ESP_OK) {
+          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to add sink: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
+          xEventGroupSetBits(this_source->event_group_, EventGroupBits::TASK_ERROR);
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    xEventGroupSetBits(this_source->event_group_, EventGroupBits::TASK_STOPPING);
+  } while (false);
+
+  // All RAII objects from the do-while block (decoder, audio_sink, etc.) are now destroyed.
+
+  xEventGroupSetBits(this_source->event_group_, EventGroupBits::TASK_STOPPED);
+  vTaskSuspend(nullptr);  // Suspend this task indefinitely until the loop method deletes it
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::audio_file
+
+#endif  // USE_ESP32
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio_file/media_source/audio_file_media_source.h b/esphome/components/audio_file/media_source/audio_file_media_source.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..75e18c13b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/audio_file/media_source/audio_file_media_source.h
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+
+#include "esphome/components/audio/audio.h"
+#include "esphome/components/audio_file/audio_file.h"
+#include "esphome/components/media_source/media_source.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/static_task.h"
+
+#include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
+#include <freertos/event_groups.h>
+
+namespace esphome::audio_file {
+
+enum class AudioFileDecodingState : uint8_t {
+  START_TASK,
+  DECODING,
+  IDLE,
+};
+
+class AudioFileMediaSource : public Component, public media_source::MediaSource {
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  void loop() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+
+  // MediaSource interface implementation
+  bool play_uri(const std::string &uri) override;
+  void handle_command(media_source::MediaSourceCommand command) override;
+  bool can_handle(const std::string &uri) const override { return uri.starts_with("audio-file://"); }
+
+  void set_task_stack_in_psram(bool task_stack_in_psram) { this->task_stack_in_psram_ = task_stack_in_psram; }
+
+ protected:
+  static void decode_task(void *params);
+
+  audio::AudioFile *current_file_{nullptr};
+  AudioFileDecodingState decoding_state_{AudioFileDecodingState::IDLE};
+  EventGroupHandle_t event_group_{nullptr};
+  StaticTask decode_task_;
+
+  bool task_stack_in_psram_{false};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::audio_file
+
+#endif  // USE_ESP32
diff --git a/tests/components/audio_file/common.yaml b/tests/components/audio_file/common.yaml
index 9404208094..e7f55b4806 100644
--- a/tests/components/audio_file/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/audio_file/common.yaml
@@ -3,3 +3,7 @@ audio_file:
     file:
       type: local
       path: $component_dir/test.wav
+
+media_source:
+  - platform: audio_file
+    id: audio_file_source

From 58ab63096587dcfd75d7ad74a397d8b0687fb41f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Gnuspice <Gnuspice@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 2026 12:37:07 +1300
Subject: [PATCH 392/609] [ethernet] add get_eth_handle() function (#14527)

---
 esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h
index f5a31d78eb..e54e1543e3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h
@@ -115,6 +115,7 @@ class EthernetComponent : public Component {
   const char *get_eth_mac_address_pretty_into_buffer(std::span<char, MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE> buf);
   eth_duplex_t get_duplex_mode();
   eth_speed_t get_link_speed();
+  esp_eth_handle_t get_eth_handle() const { return this->eth_handle_; }
   bool powerdown();
 
 #ifdef USE_ETHERNET_IP_STATE_LISTENERS

From 44870323dab606efe85a21d93ac0f32eaab22aee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 2026 20:47:47 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 393/609] [host] Add null checks for getenv and fopen in
 preferences (#14531)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/host/preferences.cpp | 15 ++++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/host/preferences.cpp b/esphome/components/host/preferences.cpp
index 5ad87c1f2a..275c202e3e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/host/preferences.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/host/preferences.cpp
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include <fstream>
 #include "preferences.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace host {
@@ -14,7 +15,12 @@ static const char *const TAG = "host.preferences";
 void HostPreferences::setup_() {
   if (this->setup_complete_)
     return;
-  this->filename_.append(getenv("HOME"));
+  const char *home = getenv("HOME");
+  if (home == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "HOME environment variable is not set");
+    abort();
+  }
+  this->filename_.append(home);
   this->filename_.append("/.esphome");
   this->filename_.append("/prefs");
   fs::create_directories(this->filename_);
@@ -44,9 +50,12 @@ void HostPreferences::setup_() {
 bool HostPreferences::sync() {
   this->setup_();
   FILE *fp = fopen(this->filename_.c_str(), "wb");
-  std::map<uint32_t, std::vector<uint8_t>>::iterator it;
+  if (fp == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to open preferences file for writing: %s", this->filename_.c_str());
+    return false;
+  }
 
-  for (it = this->data.begin(); it != this->data.end(); ++it) {
+  for (auto it = this->data.begin(); it != this->data.end(); ++it) {
     fwrite(&it->first, sizeof(uint32_t), 1, fp);
     uint8_t len = it->second.size();
     fwrite(&len, sizeof(len), 1, fp);

From 80fe54ed6948386a9b6218737b164c9e61c7d71e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 2026 23:30:39 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 394/609] [bluetooth_proxy] Add null checks for api_connection
 (#14536)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .../bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_connection.cpp  | 25 +++++++++++++++----
 .../bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.cpp       |  4 +++
 2 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_connection.cpp b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_connection.cpp
index 60f56fda54..b2000fbd94 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_connection.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_connection.cpp
@@ -415,11 +415,14 @@ bool BluetoothConnection::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_ga
         this->proxy_->send_gatt_error(this->address_, param->read.handle, param->read.status);
         break;
       }
+      auto *api_connection = this->proxy_->get_api_connection();
+      if (api_connection == nullptr)
+        break;
       api::BluetoothGATTReadResponse resp;
       resp.address = this->address_;
       resp.handle = param->read.handle;
       resp.set_data(param->read.value, param->read.value_len);
-      this->proxy_->get_api_connection()->send_message(resp, api::BluetoothGATTReadResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+      api_connection->send_message(resp, api::BluetoothGATTReadResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
       break;
     }
     case ESP_GATTC_WRITE_CHAR_EVT:
@@ -429,10 +432,13 @@ bool BluetoothConnection::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_ga
         this->proxy_->send_gatt_error(this->address_, param->write.handle, param->write.status);
         break;
       }
+      auto *api_connection = this->proxy_->get_api_connection();
+      if (api_connection == nullptr)
+        break;
       api::BluetoothGATTWriteResponse resp;
       resp.address = this->address_;
       resp.handle = param->write.handle;
-      this->proxy_->get_api_connection()->send_message(resp, api::BluetoothGATTWriteResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+      api_connection->send_message(resp, api::BluetoothGATTWriteResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
       break;
     }
     case ESP_GATTC_UNREG_FOR_NOTIFY_EVT: {
@@ -442,10 +448,13 @@ bool BluetoothConnection::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_ga
         this->proxy_->send_gatt_error(this->address_, param->unreg_for_notify.handle, param->unreg_for_notify.status);
         break;
       }
+      auto *api_connection = this->proxy_->get_api_connection();
+      if (api_connection == nullptr)
+        break;
       api::BluetoothGATTNotifyResponse resp;
       resp.address = this->address_;
       resp.handle = param->unreg_for_notify.handle;
-      this->proxy_->get_api_connection()->send_message(resp, api::BluetoothGATTNotifyResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+      api_connection->send_message(resp, api::BluetoothGATTNotifyResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
       break;
     }
     case ESP_GATTC_REG_FOR_NOTIFY_EVT: {
@@ -455,20 +464,26 @@ bool BluetoothConnection::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_ga
         this->proxy_->send_gatt_error(this->address_, param->reg_for_notify.handle, param->reg_for_notify.status);
         break;
       }
+      auto *api_connection = this->proxy_->get_api_connection();
+      if (api_connection == nullptr)
+        break;
       api::BluetoothGATTNotifyResponse resp;
       resp.address = this->address_;
       resp.handle = param->reg_for_notify.handle;
-      this->proxy_->get_api_connection()->send_message(resp, api::BluetoothGATTNotifyResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+      api_connection->send_message(resp, api::BluetoothGATTNotifyResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
       break;
     }
     case ESP_GATTC_NOTIFY_EVT: {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] ESP_GATTC_NOTIFY_EVT: handle=0x%2X", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
                param->notify.handle);
+      auto *api_connection = this->proxy_->get_api_connection();
+      if (api_connection == nullptr)
+        break;
       api::BluetoothGATTNotifyDataResponse resp;
       resp.address = this->address_;
       resp.handle = param->notify.handle;
       resp.set_data(param->notify.value, param->notify.value_len);
-      this->proxy_->get_api_connection()->send_message(resp, api::BluetoothGATTNotifyDataResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+      api_connection->send_message(resp, api::BluetoothGATTNotifyDataResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
       break;
     }
     default:
diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.cpp b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.cpp
index d45377b3f6..cab328e2f5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.cpp
@@ -420,6 +420,8 @@ void BluetoothProxy::send_gatt_error(uint64_t address, uint16_t handle, esp_err_
 }
 
 void BluetoothProxy::send_device_pairing(uint64_t address, bool paired, esp_err_t error) {
+  if (this->api_connection_ == nullptr)
+    return;
   api::BluetoothDevicePairingResponse call;
   call.address = address;
   call.paired = paired;
@@ -429,6 +431,8 @@ void BluetoothProxy::send_device_pairing(uint64_t address, bool paired, esp_err_
 }
 
 void BluetoothProxy::send_device_unpairing(uint64_t address, bool success, esp_err_t error) {
+  if (this->api_connection_ == nullptr)
+    return;
   api::BluetoothDeviceUnpairingResponse call;
   call.address = address;
   call.success = success;

From a2c0d70c2c1983cf996f045ba7801216ddcea9ac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: tomaszduda23 <tomaszduda23@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 2026 08:00:17 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 395/609] [ble_nus] Add uart support (#14320)

Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@koston.org>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick+github@koston.org>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@home-assistant.io>
---
 esphome/components/ble_nus/__init__.py        |  53 +++++++-
 esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.cpp        | 125 +++++++++++++++---
 esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.h          |  16 ++-
 esphome/core/defines.h                        |   2 +
 .../ble_nus/test-uart.nrf52-adafruit.yaml     |   4 +
 5 files changed, 178 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/components/ble_nus/test-uart.nrf52-adafruit.yaml

diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_nus/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ble_nus/__init__.py
index 6581ce1cfa..c0837da402 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_nus/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_nus/__init__.py
@@ -1,29 +1,64 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.logger import request_log_listener
+from esphome.components.uart import (
+    UARTComponent,
+    debug_to_code,
+    maybe_empty_debug,
+    uart_ns,
+)
 from esphome.components.zephyr import zephyr_add_prj_conf
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_LOGS, CONF_TYPE
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_DEBUG,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_LOGS,
+    CONF_RX_BUFFER_SIZE,
+    CONF_TX_BUFFER_SIZE,
+    CONF_TYPE,
+)
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
-AUTO_LOAD = ["zephyr_ble_server"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["zephyr_ble_server", "uart"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@tomaszduda23"]
 
 ble_nus_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ble_nus")
-BLENUS = ble_nus_ns.class_("BLENUS", cg.Component)
+BLENUS = ble_nus_ns.class_("BLENUS", cg.Component, UARTComponent)
+
+CONF_UART = "uart"
+
+
+def validate_rx_buffer(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    config = config.copy()
+    if config[CONF_TYPE] == CONF_LOGS:
+        if CONF_RX_BUFFER_SIZE in config:
+            raise cv.Invalid("logs does not support rx_buffer_size")
+    elif CONF_RX_BUFFER_SIZE not in config:
+        config[CONF_RX_BUFFER_SIZE] = 512
+    return config
+
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BLENUS),
             cv.Optional(CONF_TYPE, default=CONF_LOGS): cv.one_of(
-                *[CONF_LOGS], lower=True
+                *[CONF_LOGS, CONF_UART], lower=True
             ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TX_BUFFER_SIZE, default=512): cv.All(
+                cv.validate_bytes, cv.int_range(min=160, max=8192)
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_RX_BUFFER_SIZE): cv.All(
+                cv.validate_bytes, cv.int_range(min=160, max=8192)
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_DEBUG): maybe_empty_debug,
         }
     ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
     cv.only_with_framework("zephyr"),
+    validate_rx_buffer,
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     zephyr_add_prj_conf("BT_NUS", True)
     expose_log = config[CONF_TYPE] == CONF_LOGS
@@ -31,3 +66,11 @@ async def to_code(config):
     if expose_log:
         request_log_listener()  # Request a log listener slot for BLE NUS log streaming
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    cg.add_define("ESPHOME_BLE_NUS_TX_RING_BUFFER_SIZE", config[CONF_TX_BUFFER_SIZE])
+    if CONF_RX_BUFFER_SIZE in config:
+        cg.add_define(
+            "ESPHOME_BLE_NUS_RX_RING_BUFFER_SIZE", config[CONF_RX_BUFFER_SIZE]
+        )
+    if CONF_DEBUG in config:
+        cg.add_global(uart_ns.using)
+        await debug_to_code(config[CONF_DEBUG], var)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.cpp b/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.cpp
index a10132eb3e..d1710100a0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.cpp
@@ -11,25 +11,111 @@
 
 namespace esphome::ble_nus {
 
-constexpr size_t BLE_TX_BUF_SIZE = 2048;
-
 // NOLINTBEGIN(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 BLENUS *global_ble_nus;
-RING_BUF_DECLARE(global_ble_tx_ring_buf, BLE_TX_BUF_SIZE);
+RING_BUF_DECLARE(global_ble_tx_ring_buf, ESPHOME_BLE_NUS_TX_RING_BUFFER_SIZE);
+#ifdef ESPHOME_BLE_NUS_RX_RING_BUFFER_SIZE
+RING_BUF_DECLARE(global_ble_rx_ring_buf, ESPHOME_BLE_NUS_RX_RING_BUFFER_SIZE);
+#endif
 // NOLINTEND(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
 static const char *const TAG = "ble_nus";
 
-size_t BLENUS::write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+void BLENUS::write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   if (atomic_get(&this->tx_status_) == TX_DISABLED) {
-    return 0;
+    return;
+  }
+  auto sent = ring_buf_put(&global_ble_tx_ring_buf, data, len);
+  if (sent < len) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "TX dropping %u bytes", len - sent);
+    return;
+  }
+#ifdef USE_UART_DEBUGGER
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    this->debug_callback_.call(uart::UART_DIRECTION_TX, data[i]);
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+bool BLENUS::peek_byte(uint8_t *data) {
+#ifdef ESPHOME_BLE_NUS_RX_RING_BUFFER_SIZE
+  if (this->has_peek_) {
+    *data = this->peek_buffer_;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (this->read_byte(&this->peek_buffer_)) {
+    *data = this->peek_buffer_;
+    this->has_peek_ = true;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return false;
+#else
+  return false;
+#endif
+}
+
+bool BLENUS::read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+#ifdef ESPHOME_BLE_NUS_RX_RING_BUFFER_SIZE
+  if (len == 0) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (this->available() < len) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // First, use the peek buffer if available
+  if (this->has_peek_) {
+    data[0] = this->peek_buffer_;
+    this->has_peek_ = false;
+    data++;
+    if (--len == 0) {  // Decrement len first, then check it...
+      return true;     // No more to read
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (ring_buf_get(&global_ble_rx_ring_buf, data, len) != len) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "UART BLE unexpected size");
+    return false;
+  }
+#ifdef USE_UART_DEBUGGER
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    this->debug_callback_.call(uart::UART_DIRECTION_RX, data[i]);
+  }
+#endif
+  return true;
+#else
+  return false;
+#endif
+}
+
+size_t BLENUS::available() {
+#ifdef ESPHOME_BLE_NUS_RX_RING_BUFFER_SIZE
+  uint32_t size = ring_buf_size_get(&global_ble_rx_ring_buf);
+  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "UART BLE available %u", size);
+  return size + (this->has_peek_ ? 1 : 0);
+#else
+  return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+void BLENUS::flush() {
+  constexpr uint32_t timeout_5sec = 5000;
+  uint32_t start = millis();
+  while (atomic_get(&this->tx_status_) != TX_DISABLED && !ring_buf_is_empty(&global_ble_tx_ring_buf)) {
+    if (millis() - start > timeout_5sec) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Flush timeout");
+      return;
+    }
+    delay(1);
   }
-  return ring_buf_put(&global_ble_tx_ring_buf, data, len);
 }
 
 void BLENUS::connected(bt_conn *conn, uint8_t err) {
   if (err == 0) {
     global_ble_nus->conn_.store(bt_conn_ref(conn));
+    global_ble_nus->connected_ = true;
   }
 }
 
@@ -38,6 +124,7 @@ void BLENUS::disconnected(bt_conn *conn, uint8_t reason) {
     bt_conn_unref(global_ble_nus->conn_.load());
     // Connection array is global static.
     // Reference can be kept even if disconnected.
+    global_ble_nus->connected_ = false;
   }
 }
 
@@ -63,12 +150,19 @@ void BLENUS::send_enabled_callback(bt_nus_send_status status) {
       break;
   }
 }
-
 void BLENUS::rx_callback(bt_conn *conn, const uint8_t *const data, uint16_t len) {
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Received %d bytes.", len);
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Received %d bytes.", len);
+#ifdef ESPHOME_BLE_NUS_RX_RING_BUFFER_SIZE
+  auto recv_len = ring_buf_put(&global_ble_rx_ring_buf, data, len);
+  if (recv_len < len) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "RX dropping %u bytes", len - recv_len);
+  }
+#endif
 }
-
 void BLENUS::setup() {
+#ifdef ESPHOME_BLE_NUS_RX_RING_BUFFER_SIZE
+  this->rx_buffer_size_ = ESPHOME_BLE_NUS_RX_RING_BUFFER_SIZE;
+#endif
   bt_nus_cb callbacks = {
       .received = rx_callback,
       .sent = tx_callback,
@@ -106,16 +200,17 @@ void BLENUS::on_log(uint8_t level, const char *tag, const char *message, size_t
 #endif
 
 void BLENUS::dump_config() {
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
-                "ble nus:\n"
-                "  log: %s",
-                YESNO(this->expose_log_));
   uint32_t mtu = 0;
   bt_conn *conn = this->conn_.load();
-  if (conn) {
+  if (conn && this->connected_) {
     mtu = bt_nus_get_mtu(conn);
   }
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  MTU: %u", mtu);
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "ble nus:\n"
+                "  log: %s\n"
+                "  connected: %s\n"
+                "  MTU: %u",
+                YESNO(this->expose_log_), YESNO(this->connected_.load()), mtu);
 }
 
 void BLENUS::loop() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.h b/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.h
index b2b0ee7713..67e9ae9f97 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.h
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #ifdef USE_ZEPHYR
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h"
 #ifdef USE_LOGGER
 #include "esphome/components/logger/logger.h"
 #endif
@@ -10,7 +11,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::ble_nus {
 
-class BLENUS : public Component {
+class BLENUS : public uart::UARTComponent, public Component {
   enum TxStatus {
     TX_DISABLED,
     TX_ENABLED,
@@ -21,7 +22,12 @@ class BLENUS : public Component {
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
   void loop() override;
-  size_t write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len);
+  void write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
+  bool peek_byte(uint8_t *data) override;
+  bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
+  size_t available() override;
+  void flush() override;
+  void check_logger_conflict() override {}
   void set_expose_log(bool expose_log) { this->expose_log_ = expose_log; }
 #ifdef USE_LOGGER
   void on_log(uint8_t level, const char *tag, const char *message, size_t message_len);
@@ -37,6 +43,12 @@ class BLENUS : public Component {
   std::atomic<bt_conn *> conn_ = nullptr;
   bool expose_log_ = false;
   atomic_t tx_status_ = ATOMIC_INIT(TX_DISABLED);
+  std::atomic<bool> connected_{};
+#ifdef ESPHOME_BLE_NUS_RX_RING_BUFFER_SIZE
+  // RX buffer for peek functionality
+  uint8_t peek_buffer_{0};
+  bool has_peek_{false};
+#endif
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::ble_nus
diff --git a/esphome/core/defines.h b/esphome/core/defines.h
index 1a6d9b3a80..be5fdc9006 100644
--- a/esphome/core/defines.h
+++ b/esphome/core/defines.h
@@ -356,6 +356,8 @@
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_NRF52
+#define ESPHOME_BLE_NUS_TX_RING_BUFFER_SIZE 512
+#define ESPHOME_BLE_NUS_RX_RING_BUFFER_SIZE 512
 #define USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
 #define USE_LOGGER_EARLY_MESSAGE
 #define USE_LOGGER_UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC
diff --git a/tests/components/ble_nus/test-uart.nrf52-adafruit.yaml b/tests/components/ble_nus/test-uart.nrf52-adafruit.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0d917ec115
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ble_nus/test-uart.nrf52-adafruit.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+ble_nus:
+  type: uart
+  tx_buffer_size: 160
+  rx_buffer_size: 160

From 666fb7cf39aeaf2e2a7890695099535ed8b5a67c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 2026 07:18:28 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 396/609] [sx127x][sx126x][max6956] Fix null deref,
 unterminated string, and pin bounds check (#14529)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/max6956/max6956.cpp | 2 ++
 esphome/components/sx126x/sx126x.cpp   | 3 ++-
 esphome/components/sx127x/sx127x.cpp   | 5 +++++
 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/max6956/max6956.cpp b/esphome/components/max6956/max6956.cpp
index a350e66ee0..ce45541b63 100644
--- a/esphome/components/max6956/max6956.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/max6956/max6956.cpp
@@ -111,6 +111,8 @@ void MAX6956::write_brightness_mode() {
 }
 
 void MAX6956::set_pin_brightness(uint8_t pin, float brightness) {
+  if (pin < MAX6956_MIN || pin > MAX6956_MAX)
+    return;
   uint8_t reg_addr = MAX6956_CURRENT_START + (pin - MAX6956_MIN) / 2;
   uint8_t config = 0;
   uint8_t shift = 4 * (pin % 2);
diff --git a/esphome/components/sx126x/sx126x.cpp b/esphome/components/sx126x/sx126x.cpp
index 64cd24b171..ec62fad10a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sx126x/sx126x.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sx126x/sx126x.cpp
@@ -155,7 +155,8 @@ void SX126x::configure() {
   }
 
   // check silicon version to make sure hw is ok
-  this->read_register_(REG_VERSION_STRING, (uint8_t *) this->version_, 16);
+  this->read_register_(REG_VERSION_STRING, (uint8_t *) this->version_, sizeof(this->version_));
+  this->version_[sizeof(this->version_) - 1] = '\0';
   if (strncmp(this->version_, "SX126", 5) != 0 && strncmp(this->version_, "LLCC68", 6) != 0) {
     this->mark_failed();
     return;
diff --git a/esphome/components/sx127x/sx127x.cpp b/esphome/components/sx127x/sx127x.cpp
index f6aa11b634..66957a7342 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sx127x/sx127x.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sx127x/sx127x.cpp
@@ -260,6 +260,11 @@ SX127xError SX127x::transmit_packet(const std::vector<uint8_t> &packet) {
     return SX127xError::INVALID_PARAMS;
   }
 
+  if (this->dio0_pin_ == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "DIO0 pin not configured, cannot wait for transmit completion");
+    return SX127xError::INVALID_PARAMS;
+  }
+
   SX127xError ret = SX127xError::NONE;
   if (this->modulation_ == MOD_LORA) {
     this->set_mode_standby();

From 6c07c15c504c7f0a66ab1a9e2c2f91943526ffa2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 2026 07:18:56 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 397/609] [mipi_dsi][e131] Fix semaphore cast, missing return,
 and light count overread (#14530)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/e131/e131_addressable_light_effect.cpp | 4 +++-
 esphome/components/mipi_dsi/mipi_dsi.cpp                  | 3 ++-
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/e131/e131_addressable_light_effect.cpp b/esphome/components/e131/e131_addressable_light_effect.cpp
index 7d62f739a2..f6010a7cc9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/e131/e131_addressable_light_effect.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/e131/e131_addressable_light_effect.cpp
@@ -54,8 +54,10 @@ bool E131AddressableLightEffect::process_(int universe, const E131Packet &packet
 
   int32_t output_offset = (universe - first_universe_) * get_lights_per_universe();
   // limit amount of lights per universe and received
+  // packet.count is the number of DMX bytes including start code; divide by channels to get the number of lights
+  int lights_in_packet = (packet.count > 0) ? (packet.count - 1) / channels_ : 0;
   int output_end =
-      std::min(it->size(), std::min(output_offset + get_lights_per_universe(), output_offset + packet.count - 1));
+      std::min(it->size(), std::min(output_offset + get_lights_per_universe(), output_offset + lights_in_packet));
   auto *input_data = packet.values + 1;
 
   auto effect_name = get_name();
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/mipi_dsi.cpp b/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/mipi_dsi.cpp
index 4d45cfb799..815b9d75a1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/mipi_dsi.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/mipi_dsi.cpp
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ namespace mipi_dsi {
 static constexpr size_t MIPI_DSI_MAX_CMD_LOG_BYTES = 64;
 
 static bool notify_refresh_ready(esp_lcd_panel_handle_t panel, esp_lcd_dpi_panel_event_data_t *edata, void *user_ctx) {
-  auto *sem = static_cast<SemaphoreHandle_t *>(user_ctx);
+  auto sem = static_cast<SemaphoreHandle_t>(user_ctx);
   BaseType_t need_yield = pdFALSE;
   xSemaphoreGiveFromISR(sem, &need_yield);
   return (need_yield == pdTRUE);
@@ -190,6 +190,7 @@ void MIPI_DSI::draw_pixels_at(int x_start, int y_start, int w, int h, const uint
   if (bitness != this->color_depth_) {
     display::Display::draw_pixels_at(x_start, y_start, w, h, ptr, order, bitness, big_endian, x_offset, y_offset,
                                      x_pad);
+    return;
   }
   this->write_to_display_(x_start, y_start, w, h, ptr, x_offset, y_offset, x_pad);
 }

From c0b7f41397e41ff53ed2d551fcd0e3cf03f89147 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Rupprecht <rupprecht.thomas@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 2026 13:21:44 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 398/609] [esp32] Fix wrong variable usage in P4 pin validation
 error msg (#14539)

---
 esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_p4.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_p4.py b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_p4.py
index b98b567da2..2726c5932f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_p4.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_p4.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ def esp32_p4_validate_supports(value):
     is_input = mode[CONF_INPUT]
 
     if num < 0 or num > 54:
-        raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {value} (must be 0-54)")
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {num} (must be 0-54)")
     if is_input:
         # All ESP32 pins support input mode
         pass

From 5084c32f3c3da1bb857b79f6200825ec456000c8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Rupprecht <rupprecht.thomas@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 2026 13:22:11 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 399/609] [esp32] Fix ESP32-S3 pin validation error message
 (#14540)

---
 esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_s3.py | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_s3.py b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_s3.py
index 7120504693..aea378f499 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_s3.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_s3.py
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 def esp32_s3_validate_gpio_pin(value):
     if value < 0 or value > 48:
-        raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {value} (must be 0-46)")
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {value} (must be 0-48)")
 
     if value in _ESP_32S3_SPI_PSRAM_PINS:
         raise cv.Invalid(
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ def esp32_s3_validate_supports(value):
     is_input = mode[CONF_INPUT]
 
     if num < 0 or num > 48:
-        raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {num} (must be 0-46)")
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {num} (must be 0-48)")
     if is_input:
         # All ESP32 pins support input mode
         pass

From e59a2b3eded37c9de46d8148b2f8cb40b46d06ac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: tomaszduda23 <tomaszduda23@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 2026 17:25:44 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 400/609] [nrf52] prepare for usb cdc (#14174)

Co-authored-by: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py | 2 ++
 esphome/core/event_pool.h            | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
index a14d3af69e..8ad84656ed 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
@@ -464,6 +464,8 @@ def only_on_variant(*, supported=None, unsupported=None, msg_prefix="This featur
         unsupported = [unsupported]
 
     def validator_(obj):
+        if not CORE.is_esp32:
+            raise cv.Invalid(f"{msg_prefix} is only available on ESP32")
         variant = get_esp32_variant()
         if supported is not None and variant not in supported:
             raise cv.Invalid(
diff --git a/esphome/core/event_pool.h b/esphome/core/event_pool.h
index 928a4e7dee..99541d4a17 100644
--- a/esphome/core/event_pool.h
+++ b/esphome/core/event_pool.h
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#if defined(USE_ESP32)
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
 
 #include <atomic>
 #include <cstddef>

From 07e51886f3563061c09e6a8c9c36ab94300b0b1f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 2026 06:57:52 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 401/609] [core] Move entity icon strings to PROGMEM on ESP8266
 (#14437)

---
 esphome/components/api/api_connection.h      |  3 +-
 esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.cpp   | 10 ++---
 esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.h     |  4 +-
 esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp |  3 +-
 esphome/config_validation.py                 | 17 ++++---
 esphome/core/config.py                       |  4 ++
 esphome/core/entity_base.cpp                 | 38 ++++++++++++++--
 esphome/core/entity_base.h                   | 33 +++++++++++---
 esphome/core/entity_helpers.py               | 47 +++++++++++++++++---
 tests/unit_tests/core/test_entity_helpers.py | 17 +++++++
 tests/unit_tests/test_config_validation.py   | 12 +++++
 11 files changed, 158 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
index aae8db3c68..88f0ef82d6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
@@ -354,7 +354,8 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 
     // Set common EntityBase properties
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-    msg.icon = entity->get_icon_ref();
+    char icon_buf[MAX_ICON_LENGTH];
+    msg.icon = StringRef(entity->get_icon_to(icon_buf));
 #endif
     msg.disabled_by_default = entity->is_disabled_by_default();
     msg.entity_category = static_cast<enums::EntityCategory>(entity->get_entity_category());
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.cpp b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.cpp
index f49069960b..98fa10def9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.cpp
@@ -209,12 +209,11 @@ bool MQTTComponent::send_discovery_() {
 
         if (this->is_disabled_by_default_())
           root[MQTT_ENABLED_BY_DEFAULT] = false;
-        // NOLINTBEGIN(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks) false positive with ArduinoJson
-        const auto icon_ref = this->get_icon_ref_();
-        if (!icon_ref.empty()) {
-          root[MQTT_ICON] = icon_ref;
+        char icon_buf[MAX_ICON_LENGTH];
+        const char *icon = this->get_icon_to_(icon_buf);
+        if (icon[0] != '\0') {
+          root[MQTT_ICON] = icon;
         }
-        // NOLINTEND(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks)
 
         const auto entity_category = this->get_entity()->get_entity_category();
         if (entity_category != ENTITY_CATEGORY_NONE) {
@@ -413,7 +412,6 @@ const StringRef &MQTTComponent::friendly_name_() const { return this->get_entity
 StringRef MQTTComponent::get_default_object_id_to_(std::span<char, OBJECT_ID_MAX_LEN> buf) const {
   return this->get_entity()->get_object_id_to(buf);
 }
-StringRef MQTTComponent::get_icon_ref_() const { return this->get_entity()->get_icon_ref(); }
 bool MQTTComponent::is_disabled_by_default_() const { return this->get_entity()->is_disabled_by_default(); }
 bool MQTTComponent::compute_is_internal_() {
   if (this->custom_state_topic_.has_value()) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.h b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.h
index 0ffe6341d3..2403ef64ea 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.h
@@ -298,8 +298,8 @@ class MQTTComponent : public Component {
   /// Get the friendly name of this MQTT component.
   const StringRef &friendly_name_() const;
 
-  /// Get the icon field of this component as StringRef
-  StringRef get_icon_ref_() const;
+  /// Get the icon field of this component into a stack buffer
+  const char *get_icon_to_(std::span<char, MAX_ICON_LENGTH> buf) const { return this->get_entity()->get_icon_to(buf); }
 
   /// Get whether the underlying Entity is disabled by default
   bool is_disabled_by_default_() const;
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
index 6b94a103cc..bc90c88e57 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
@@ -568,7 +568,8 @@ static void set_json_id(JsonObject &root, EntityBase *obj, const char *prefix, J
     }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-    root[ESPHOME_F("icon")] = obj->get_icon_ref().c_str();
+    char icon_buf[MAX_ICON_LENGTH];
+    root[ESPHOME_F("icon")] = obj->get_icon_to(icon_buf);
 #endif
     root[ESPHOME_F("entity_category")] = obj->get_entity_category();
     bool is_disabled = obj->is_disabled_by_default();
diff --git a/esphome/config_validation.py b/esphome/config_validation.py
index 3b0e4da298..1eac53e9b2 100644
--- a/esphome/config_validation.py
+++ b/esphome/config_validation.py
@@ -400,14 +400,21 @@ def string_strict(value):
 
 def icon(value):
     """Validate that a given config value is a valid icon."""
+    from esphome.core.config import ICON_MAX_LENGTH
+
     value = string_strict(value)
     if not value:
         return value
-    if re.match("^[\\w\\-]+:[\\w\\-]+$", value):
-        return value
-    raise Invalid(
-        'Icons must match the format "[icon pack]:[icon]", e.g. "mdi:home-assistant"'
-    )
+    if not re.match("^[\\w\\-]+:[\\w\\-]+$", value):
+        raise Invalid(
+            'Icons must match the format "[icon pack]:[icon]", e.g. "mdi:home-assistant"'
+        )
+    if len(value) > ICON_MAX_LENGTH:
+        raise Invalid(
+            f"Icon string is too long ({len(value)} chars, max {ICON_MAX_LENGTH}). "
+            "Icons are stored in PROGMEM with a 64-byte buffer limit."
+        )
+    return value
 
 
 def sub_device_id(value: str | None) -> core.ID | None:
diff --git a/esphome/core/config.py b/esphome/core/config.py
index 4f526404fe..9093ab3fe9 100644
--- a/esphome/core/config.py
+++ b/esphome/core/config.py
@@ -188,6 +188,10 @@ else:
 # Keep in sync with ESPHOME_FRIENDLY_NAME_MAX_LEN in esphome/core/entity_base.h
 FRIENDLY_NAME_MAX_LEN = 120
 
+# Max icon string length (63 chars + null = 64-byte PROGMEM buffer)
+# Keep in sync with MAX_ICON_LENGTH in esphome/core/entity_base.h
+ICON_MAX_LENGTH = 63
+
 AREA_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
         cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(Area),
diff --git a/esphome/core/entity_base.cpp b/esphome/core/entity_base.cpp
index eafc04f92a..1265277572 100644
--- a/esphome/core/entity_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/entity_base.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/entity_base.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/progmem.h"
 #include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
@@ -72,7 +73,27 @@ std::string EntityBase::get_unit_of_measurement() const {
   return std::string(this->get_unit_of_measurement_ref().c_str());
 }
 
-// Entity icon (from index)
+// Entity icon — buffer-based API for PROGMEM safety on ESP8266
+const char *EntityBase::get_icon_to([[maybe_unused]] std::span<char, MAX_ICON_LENGTH> buffer) const {
+#ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
+  const uint8_t idx = this->icon_idx_;
+#else
+  const uint8_t idx = 0;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+  if (idx == 0)
+    return "";
+  const char *icon = entity_icon_lookup(idx);
+  ESPHOME_strncpy_P(buffer.data(), icon, buffer.size() - 1);
+  buffer[buffer.size() - 1] = '\0';
+  return buffer.data();
+#else
+  return entity_icon_lookup(idx);
+#endif
+}
+
+#ifndef USE_ESP8266
+// Deprecated icon accessors — not available on ESP8266 (rodata is RAM)
 StringRef EntityBase::get_icon_ref() const {
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   return StringRef(entity_icon_lookup(this->icon_idx_));
@@ -80,7 +101,14 @@ StringRef EntityBase::get_icon_ref() const {
   return StringRef(entity_icon_lookup(0));
 #endif
 }
-std::string EntityBase::get_icon() const { return std::string(this->get_icon_ref().c_str()); }
+std::string EntityBase::get_icon() const {
+#ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
+  return std::string(entity_icon_lookup(this->icon_idx_));
+#else
+  return std::string(entity_icon_lookup(0));
+#endif
+}
+#endif  // !USE_ESP8266
 
 // Entity Object ID - computed on-demand from name
 std::string EntityBase::get_object_id() const {
@@ -154,8 +182,10 @@ ESPPreferenceObject EntityBase::make_entity_preference_(size_t size, uint32_t ve
 
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
 void log_entity_icon(const char *tag, const char *prefix, const EntityBase &obj) {
-  if (!obj.get_icon_ref().empty()) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "%s  Icon: '%s'", prefix, obj.get_icon_ref().c_str());
+  char icon_buf[MAX_ICON_LENGTH];
+  const char *icon = obj.get_icon_to(icon_buf);
+  if (icon[0] != '\0') {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "%s  Icon: '%s'", prefix, icon);
   }
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/core/entity_base.h b/esphome/core/entity_base.h
index 54d4ae311f..1ce1e658e0 100644
--- a/esphome/core/entity_base.h
+++ b/esphome/core/entity_base.h
@@ -36,6 +36,10 @@ static constexpr size_t OBJECT_ID_MAX_LEN = 128;
 // Maximum state length that Home Assistant will accept without raising ValueError
 static constexpr size_t MAX_STATE_LEN = 255;
 
+// Maximum icon string buffer size (63 chars + null terminator)
+// Icons are stored in PROGMEM; on ESP8266 they must be copied to a stack buffer.
+static constexpr size_t MAX_ICON_LENGTH = 64;
+
 enum EntityCategory : uint8_t {
   ENTITY_CATEGORY_NONE = 0,
   ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG = 1,
@@ -124,12 +128,31 @@ class EntityBase {
                 "2026.3.0")
   std::string get_unit_of_measurement() const;
 
-  // Get/set this entity's icon
-  ESPDEPRECATED(
-      "Use get_icon_ref() instead for better performance (avoids string copy). Will be removed in ESPHome 2026.5.0",
-      "2025.11.0")
-  std::string get_icon() const;
+  // Get this entity's icon into a stack buffer.
+  // On ESP32: returns pointer to PROGMEM string directly (buffer unused).
+  // On ESP8266: copies from PROGMEM to buffer, returns buffer pointer.
+  const char *get_icon_to(std::span<char, MAX_ICON_LENGTH> buffer) const;
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+  // On ESP8266, rodata is RAM. Icons are in PROGMEM and cannot be accessed
+  // directly as const char*. Use get_icon_to() with a stack buffer instead.
+  template<typename T = int> StringRef get_icon_ref() const {
+    static_assert(sizeof(T) == 0,
+                  "get_icon_ref() unavailable on ESP8266 (rodata is RAM). Use get_icon_to() with a stack buffer.");
+    return StringRef("");
+  }
+  template<typename T = int> std::string get_icon() const {
+    static_assert(sizeof(T) == 0,
+                  "get_icon() unavailable on ESP8266 (rodata is RAM). Use get_icon_to() with a stack buffer.");
+    return "";
+  }
+#else
+  // Deprecated: use get_icon_to() instead. Icons are in PROGMEM.
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Use get_icon_to() instead. Will be removed in ESPHome 2026.9.0", "2026.3.0")
   StringRef get_icon_ref() const;
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Use get_icon_to() instead. Will be removed in ESPHome 2026.9.0", "2026.3.0")
+  std::string get_icon() const;
+#endif
 
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   // Get/set this entity's device id
diff --git a/esphome/core/entity_helpers.py b/esphome/core/entity_helpers.py
index 551e35df65..01fa27b833 100644
--- a/esphome/core/entity_helpers.py
+++ b/esphome/core/entity_helpers.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core.config import ICON_MAX_LENGTH
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, RawStatement, add, get_variable
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
 from esphome.helpers import cpp_string_escape, fnv1_hash_object_id, sanitize, snake_case
@@ -78,6 +79,8 @@ def _generate_category_code(
     table_var: str,
     lookup_fn: str,
     strings: dict[str, int],
+    *,
+    progmem_strings: bool = False,
 ) -> str:
     """Generate C++ code for one string category (PROGMEM pointer table + lookup).
 
@@ -85,14 +88,40 @@ def _generate_category_code(
     in flash (via PROGMEM) and read with progmem_read_ptr(). String literals
     themselves remain in RAM but benefit from linker string deduplication.
     Index 0 means "not set" and returns empty string.
+
+    When progmem_strings=True, each string is declared as a separate PROGMEM
+    char array. This ensures the string data itself is in flash on ESP8266
+    (where .rodata is RAM). On other platforms PROGMEM is a no-op.
     """
     if not strings:
         return ""
 
     sorted_strings = sorted(strings.items(), key=lambda x: x[1])
-    entries = ", ".join(cpp_string_escape(s) for s, _ in sorted_strings)
     count = len(sorted_strings)
 
+    if progmem_strings:
+        # Emit individual PROGMEM char arrays so string data lives in flash
+        lines: list[str] = []
+        var_names: list[str] = []
+        for i, (s, _) in enumerate(sorted_strings):
+            var_name = f"{table_var}_STR_{i}"
+            var_names.append(var_name)
+            lines.append(
+                f"static const char {var_name}[] PROGMEM = {cpp_string_escape(s)};"
+            )
+        entries = ", ".join(var_names)
+        # Empty string must also be PROGMEM — on ESP8266, callers use strncpy_P
+        empty_var = f"{table_var}_EMPTY"
+        lines.append(f'static const char {empty_var}[] PROGMEM = "";')
+        lines.append(f"static const char *const {table_var}[] PROGMEM = {{{entries}}};")
+        lines.append(f"const char *{lookup_fn}(uint8_t index) {{")
+        lines.append(f"  if (index == 0 || index > {count}) return {empty_var};")
+        lines.append(f"  return progmem_read_ptr(&{table_var}[index - 1]);")
+        lines.append("}")
+        return "\n".join(lines) + "\n"
+
+    entries = ", ".join(cpp_string_escape(s) for s, _ in sorted_strings)
+
     return (
         f"static const char *const {table_var}[] PROGMEM = {{{entries}}};\n"
         f"const char *{lookup_fn}(uint8_t index) {{\n"
@@ -103,9 +132,9 @@ def _generate_category_code(
 
 
 _CATEGORY_CONFIGS = (
-    ("ENTITY_DC_TABLE", "entity_device_class_lookup", "device_classes"),
-    ("ENTITY_UOM_TABLE", "entity_uom_lookup", "units"),
-    ("ENTITY_ICON_TABLE", "entity_icon_lookup", "icons"),
+    ("ENTITY_DC_TABLE", "entity_device_class_lookup", "device_classes", False),
+    ("ENTITY_UOM_TABLE", "entity_uom_lookup", "units", False),
+    ("ENTITY_ICON_TABLE", "entity_icon_lookup", "icons", True),
 )
 
 
@@ -117,8 +146,10 @@ async def _generate_tables_job() -> None:
     """
     pool = _get_pool()
     parts = ["namespace esphome {"]
-    for table_var, lookup_fn, attr in _CATEGORY_CONFIGS:
-        code = _generate_category_code(table_var, lookup_fn, getattr(pool, attr))
+    for table_var, lookup_fn, attr, progmem_strs in _CATEGORY_CONFIGS:
+        code = _generate_category_code(
+            table_var, lookup_fn, getattr(pool, attr), progmem_strings=progmem_strs
+        )
         if code:
             parts.append(code)
     parts.append("}  // namespace esphome")
@@ -160,6 +191,10 @@ def register_unit_of_measurement(value: str) -> int:
 
 def register_icon(value: str) -> int:
     """Register an icon string and return its 1-based index."""
+    if value and len(value) > ICON_MAX_LENGTH:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Icon string too long ({len(value)} chars, max {ICON_MAX_LENGTH}): '{value}'"
+        )
     return _register_string(value, _get_pool().icons, _MAX_ICONS, "icon")
 
 
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/core/test_entity_helpers.py b/tests/unit_tests/core/test_entity_helpers.py
index a5cfad5ab6..79bc3095b9 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/core/test_entity_helpers.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/core/test_entity_helpers.py
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
     _setup_entity_impl,
     entity_duplicate_validator,
     get_base_entity_object_id,
+    register_icon,
     setup_entity,
 )
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
@@ -909,6 +910,22 @@ def test_register_string_overflow() -> None:
         _register_string("overflow", category, 3, "test")
 
 
+def test_register_icon_max_length() -> None:
+    """Test register_icon rejects icons exceeding 63 characters."""
+    # 63 chars should succeed
+    max_icon = "mdi:" + "a" * 59  # 63 total
+    idx = register_icon(max_icon)
+    assert idx > 0
+
+    # 64 chars should fail
+    too_long = "mdi:" + "a" * 60  # 64 total
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Icon string too long"):
+        register_icon(too_long)
+
+    # Empty string returns 0
+    assert register_icon("") == 0
+
+
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_setup_entity_with_entity_category(
     setup_test_environment: list[str],
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_config_validation.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_config_validation.py
index 9602010ad3..c1849daf4b 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_config_validation.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_config_validation.py
@@ -148,6 +148,18 @@ def test_icon__invalid():
         config_validation.icon("foo")
 
 
+def test_icon__max_length():
+    """Test that icons exceeding 63 characters are rejected."""
+    # Exactly 63 chars should pass
+    max_icon = "mdi:" + "a" * 59  # 63 chars total
+    assert config_validation.icon(max_icon) == max_icon
+
+    # 64 chars should fail
+    too_long = "mdi:" + "a" * 60  # 64 chars total
+    with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="Icon string is too long"):
+        config_validation.icon(too_long)
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("value", ("True", "YES", "on", "enAblE", True))
 def test_boolean__valid_true(value):
     assert config_validation.boolean(value) is True

From 74e4b69654c2dd77f81cd712fe1c7ece3db78bfa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 2026 06:58:13 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 402/609] [core] Replace Application name/friendly_name
 std::string with StringRef (#14532)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .../components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp |  2 +-
 esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp          |  2 +-
 esphome/components/mdns/mdns_component.cpp    |  2 +-
 esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.cpp    |  6 +-
 esphome/components/openthread/openthread.cpp  |  2 +-
 .../components/web_server/web_server_v1.cpp   |  2 +-
 esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp    |  2 +-
 .../wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp           |  2 +-
 esphome/core/application.h                    | 54 +++++++------
 esphome/core/config.py                        | 60 +++++++++++++--
 esphome/core/defines.h                        |  1 +
 esphome/core/entity_base.cpp                  |  6 +-
 tests/dummy_main.cpp                          |  4 +-
 tests/unit_tests/core/test_config.py          | 77 +++++++++++++++++++
 14 files changed, 181 insertions(+), 41 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp
index 3ae35e9be8..ba4f2f0642 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::state_action_() {
   }
   if (state_ == State::SERVER_HELLO) {
     // send server hello
-    const std::string &name = App.get_name();
+    const auto &name = App.get_name();
     char mac[MAC_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
     get_mac_address_into_buffer(mac);
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp
index 9d26018800..bbe972b9f3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ bool ESP32BLE::ble_setup_() {
       device_name = this->name_;
     }
   } else {
-    const std::string &app_name = App.get_name();
+    const auto &app_name = App.get_name();
     size_t name_len = app_name.length();
     if (name_len > 20) {
       if (App.is_name_add_mac_suffix_enabled()) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_component.cpp b/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_component.cpp
index 5e5e1279d9..342a6e6c64 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_component.cpp
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ void MDNSComponent::compile_records_(StaticVector<MDNSService, MDNS_SERVICE_COUN
     service.proto = MDNS_STR(SERVICE_TCP);
     service.port = api::global_api_server->get_port();
 
-    const std::string &friendly_name = App.get_friendly_name();
+    const auto &friendly_name = App.get_friendly_name();
     bool friendly_name_empty = friendly_name.empty();
 
     // Calculate exact capacity for txt_records
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.cpp b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.cpp
index 98fa10def9..d31a78b090 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.cpp
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ bool MQTTComponent::send_discovery_() {
           root[MQTT_UNIQUE_ID] = unique_id_buf;
         }
 
-        const std::string &node_name = App.get_name();
+        const auto &node_name = App.get_name();
         if (discovery_info.object_id_generator == MQTT_DEVICE_NAME_OBJECT_ID_GENERATOR) {
           // node_name (max 31) + "_" (1) + object_id (max 128) + null
           char object_id_full[ESPHOME_DEVICE_NAME_MAX_LEN + 1 + OBJECT_ID_MAX_LEN + 1];
@@ -275,8 +275,8 @@ bool MQTTComponent::send_discovery_() {
           root[MQTT_OBJECT_ID] = object_id_full;
         }
 
-        const std::string &friendly_name_ref = App.get_friendly_name();
-        const std::string &node_friendly_name = friendly_name_ref.empty() ? node_name : friendly_name_ref;
+        const auto &friendly_name_ref = App.get_friendly_name();
+        const auto &node_friendly_name = friendly_name_ref.empty() ? node_name : friendly_name_ref;
         const char *node_area = App.get_area();
 
         JsonObject device_info = root[MQTT_DEVICE].to<JsonObject>();
diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.cpp b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.cpp
index 9452f5a41e..fb81481299 100644
--- a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.cpp
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ void OpenThreadSrpComponent::setup() {
   // set the host name
   uint16_t size;
   char *existing_host_name = otSrpClientBuffersGetHostNameString(instance, &size);
-  const std::string &host_name = App.get_name();
+  const auto &host_name = App.get_name();
   uint16_t host_name_len = host_name.size();
   if (host_name_len > size) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Hostname is too long, choose a shorter project name");
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server_v1.cpp b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server_v1.cpp
index f7b90018dc..85a4e80541 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server_v1.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server_v1.cpp
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ void WebServer::set_js_url(const char *js_url) { this->js_url_ = js_url; }
 
 void WebServer::handle_index_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
   AsyncResponseStream *stream = request->beginResponseStream(ESPHOME_F("text/html"));
-  const std::string &title = App.get_name();
+  const auto &title = App.get_name();
   stream->print(ESPHOME_F("<!DOCTYPE html><html lang=\"en\"><head><meta charset=UTF-8><meta "
                           "name=viewport content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1,user-scalable=no\"><title>"));
   stream->print(title.c_str());
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
index 8b60810d28..60764955cc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
@@ -913,7 +913,7 @@ void WiFiComponent::setup_ap_config_() {
     static constexpr size_t AP_SSID_PREFIX_LEN = 25;
     static constexpr size_t AP_SSID_SUFFIX_LEN = 7;
 
-    const std::string &app_name = App.get_name();
+    const auto &app_name = App.get_name();
     const char *name_ptr = app_name.c_str();
     size_t name_len = app_name.length();
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
index 355832b434..a9b26c5935 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ network::IPAddresses WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_ip_addresses() {
   return addresses;
 }
 bool WiFiComponent::wifi_apply_hostname_() {
-  const std::string &hostname = App.get_name();
+  const auto &hostname = App.get_name();
   bool ret = wifi_station_set_hostname(const_cast<char *>(hostname.c_str()));
   if (!ret) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Set hostname failed");
diff --git a/esphome/core/application.h b/esphome/core/application.h
index 40f8a00edd..87f9fdf59a 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.h
+++ b/esphome/core/application.h
@@ -138,26 +138,36 @@ static constexpr uint32_t TEARDOWN_TIMEOUT_REBOOT_MS = 1000;  // 1 second for qu
 
 class Application {
  public:
-  void pre_setup(const std::string &name, const std::string &friendly_name, bool name_add_mac_suffix) {
+#ifdef ESPHOME_NAME_ADD_MAC_SUFFIX
+  /// Pre-setup with MAC suffix: overwrites placeholder in mutable static buffers with actual MAC.
+  void pre_setup(char *name, size_t name_len, char *friendly_name, size_t friendly_name_len) {
     arch_init();
-    this->name_add_mac_suffix_ = name_add_mac_suffix;
-    if (name_add_mac_suffix) {
-      // MAC address length: 12 hex chars + null terminator
-      constexpr size_t mac_address_len = 13;
-      // MAC address suffix length (last 6 characters of 12-char MAC address string)
-      constexpr size_t mac_address_suffix_len = 6;
-      char mac_addr[mac_address_len];
-      get_mac_address_into_buffer(mac_addr);
-      const char *mac_suffix_ptr = mac_addr + mac_address_suffix_len;
-      this->name_ = make_name_with_suffix(name, '-', mac_suffix_ptr, mac_address_suffix_len);
-      if (!friendly_name.empty()) {
-        this->friendly_name_ = make_name_with_suffix(friendly_name, ' ', mac_suffix_ptr, mac_address_suffix_len);
-      }
-    } else {
-      this->name_ = name;
-      this->friendly_name_ = friendly_name;
+    this->name_add_mac_suffix_ = true;
+    // MAC address length: 12 hex chars + null terminator
+    constexpr size_t mac_address_len = 13;
+    // MAC address suffix length (last 6 characters of 12-char MAC address string)
+    constexpr size_t mac_address_suffix_len = 6;
+    char mac_addr[mac_address_len];
+    get_mac_address_into_buffer(mac_addr);
+    // Overwrite the placeholder suffix in the mutable static buffers with actual MAC
+    // name is always non-empty (validated by validate_hostname in Python config)
+    memcpy(name + name_len - mac_address_suffix_len, mac_addr + mac_address_suffix_len, mac_address_suffix_len);
+    if (friendly_name_len > 0) {
+      memcpy(friendly_name + friendly_name_len - mac_address_suffix_len, mac_addr + mac_address_suffix_len,
+             mac_address_suffix_len);
     }
+    this->name_ = StringRef(name, name_len);
+    this->friendly_name_ = StringRef(friendly_name, friendly_name_len);
   }
+#else
+  /// Pre-setup without MAC suffix: StringRef points directly at const string literals in flash.
+  void pre_setup(const char *name, size_t name_len, const char *friendly_name, size_t friendly_name_len) {
+    arch_init();
+    this->name_add_mac_suffix_ = false;
+    this->name_ = StringRef(name, name_len);
+    this->friendly_name_ = StringRef(friendly_name, friendly_name_len);
+  }
+#endif
 
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   void register_device(Device *device) { this->devices_.push_back(device); }
@@ -274,10 +284,10 @@ class Application {
   void loop();
 
   /// Get the name of this Application set by pre_setup().
-  const std::string &get_name() const { return this->name_; }
+  const StringRef &get_name() const { return this->name_; }
 
   /// Get the friendly name of this Application set by pre_setup().
-  const std::string &get_friendly_name() const { return this->friendly_name_; }
+  const StringRef &get_friendly_name() const { return this->friendly_name_; }
 
   /// Get the area of this Application set by pre_setup().
   const char *get_area() const {
@@ -627,9 +637,9 @@ class Application {
 #endif
 #endif
 
-  // std::string members (typically 24-32 bytes each)
-  std::string name_;
-  std::string friendly_name_;
+  // StringRef members (8 bytes each: pointer + size)
+  StringRef name_;
+  StringRef friendly_name_;
 
   // 4-byte members
   uint32_t last_loop_{0};
diff --git a/esphome/core/config.py b/esphome/core/config.py
index 9093ab3fe9..8631726a02 100644
--- a/esphome/core/config.py
+++ b/esphome/core/config.py
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ from esphome.core import (
 )
 from esphome.helpers import (
     copy_file_if_changed,
+    cpp_string_escape,
     fnv1a_32bit_hash,
     get_str_env,
     walk_files,
@@ -58,6 +59,38 @@ from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+# C++ variable names and separators for app name buffers (used with MAC suffix)
+_APP_NAME_BUF_VAR = "esphome_app_name_buf"
+_APP_NAME_MAC_SEP = "-"
+_APP_FRIENDLY_NAME_BUF_VAR = "esphome_app_friendly_name_buf"
+_APP_FRIENDLY_NAME_MAC_SEP = " "
+# Placeholder suffix for MAC address (last 6 hex chars)
+_MAC_SUFFIX_PLACEHOLDER = "XXXXXX"
+
+
+def make_app_name_cpp(
+    value: str, var_name: str, sep: str, *, add_mac_suffix: bool
+) -> tuple[str, str | None, int]:
+    """Compute C++ expression and optional global declaration for an app name.
+
+    Returns (cpp_expr, global_decl_or_none, byte_length).
+    - cpp_expr: The C++ expression to pass to pre_setup (var name or string literal).
+    - global_decl: A static char[] declaration string, or None if not needed.
+    - byte_length: The UTF-8 byte length of the string value.
+    """
+    if add_mac_suffix:
+        buf_value = "" if not value else f"{value}{sep}{_MAC_SUFFIX_PLACEHOLDER}"
+        escaped = cpp_string_escape(buf_value)
+        return (
+            var_name,
+            f"static char {var_name}[] = {escaped};",
+            len(buf_value.encode("utf-8")),
+        )
+    if not value:
+        return '""', None, 0
+    return cpp_string_escape(value), None, len(value.encode("utf-8"))
+
+
 StartupTrigger = cg.esphome_ns.class_(
     "StartupTrigger", cg.Component, automation.Trigger.template()
 )
@@ -78,6 +111,8 @@ VALID_INCLUDE_EXTS = {".h", ".hpp", ".tcc", ".ino", ".cpp", ".c"}
 
 def validate_hostname(config):
     # Keep in sync with ESPHOME_DEVICE_NAME_MAX_LEN in esphome/core/entity_base.h
+    if not config[CONF_NAME]:
+        raise cv.Invalid("Hostname must not be empty", path=[CONF_NAME])
     max_length = 31
     if config[CONF_NAME_ADD_MAC_SUFFIX]:
         max_length -= 7  # "-AABBCC" is appended when add mac suffix option is used
@@ -555,13 +590,28 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     # Construct App via placement new — see application.cpp for storage details
     cg.add_global(cg.RawStatement("#include <new>"))
     cg.add(cg.RawExpression("new (&App) Application()"))
-    cg.add(
-        cg.App.pre_setup(
-            config[CONF_NAME],
-            config[CONF_FRIENDLY_NAME],
-            config[CONF_NAME_ADD_MAC_SUFFIX],
+    name = config[CONF_NAME]
+    friendly_name = config[CONF_FRIENDLY_NAME]
+    name_add_mac_suffix = config[CONF_NAME_ADD_MAC_SUFFIX]
+
+    def _emit_app_name(
+        value: str, var_name: str, sep: str
+    ) -> tuple[cg.Expression, int]:
+        """Emit codegen for an app name and return (expression, byte_length)."""
+        cpp_expr, global_decl, byte_len = make_app_name_cpp(
+            value, var_name, sep, add_mac_suffix=name_add_mac_suffix
         )
+        if global_decl is not None:
+            cg.add_global(cg.RawStatement(global_decl))
+        return cg.RawExpression(cpp_expr), byte_len
+
+    name_expr, name_len = _emit_app_name(name, _APP_NAME_BUF_VAR, _APP_NAME_MAC_SEP)
+    friendly_expr, friendly_len = _emit_app_name(
+        friendly_name, _APP_FRIENDLY_NAME_BUF_VAR, _APP_FRIENDLY_NAME_MAC_SEP
     )
+    if name_add_mac_suffix:
+        cg.add_define("ESPHOME_NAME_ADD_MAC_SUFFIX")
+    cg.add(cg.App.pre_setup(name_expr, name_len, friendly_expr, friendly_len))
     # Define component count for static allocation
     cg.add_define("ESPHOME_COMPONENT_COUNT", len(CORE.component_ids))
 
diff --git a/esphome/core/defines.h b/esphome/core/defines.h
index be5fdc9006..c5f38ab9aa 100644
--- a/esphome/core/defines.h
+++ b/esphome/core/defines.h
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #define ESPHOME_PROJECT_VERSION "v2"
 #define ESPHOME_PROJECT_VERSION_30 "v2"
 #define ESPHOME_VARIANT "ESP32"
+#define ESPHOME_NAME_ADD_MAC_SUFFIX
 #define ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER
 #define ESPHOME_DEBUG_API
 
diff --git a/esphome/core/entity_base.cpp b/esphome/core/entity_base.cpp
index 1265277572..37e7fcc998 100644
--- a/esphome/core/entity_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/entity_base.cpp
@@ -23,13 +23,13 @@ void EntityBase::set_name(const char *name, uint32_t object_id_hash) {
       // Bug-for-bug compatibility with OLD behavior:
       // - With MAC suffix: OLD code used App.get_friendly_name() directly (no fallback)
       // - Without MAC suffix: OLD code used pre-computed object_id with fallback to device name
-      const std::string &friendly = App.get_friendly_name();
+      const auto &friendly = App.get_friendly_name();
       if (App.is_name_add_mac_suffix_enabled()) {
         // MAC suffix enabled - use friendly_name directly (even if empty) for compatibility
-        this->name_ = StringRef(friendly);
+        this->name_ = friendly;
       } else {
         // No MAC suffix - fallback to device name if friendly_name is empty
-        this->name_ = StringRef(!friendly.empty() ? friendly : App.get_name());
+        this->name_ = !friendly.empty() ? friendly : App.get_name();
       }
     }
     this->flags_.has_own_name = false;
diff --git a/tests/dummy_main.cpp b/tests/dummy_main.cpp
index 3ccf35e04d..6fa0c08aa3 100644
--- a/tests/dummy_main.cpp
+++ b/tests/dummy_main.cpp
@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@
 using namespace esphome;
 
 void setup() {
-  App.pre_setup("livingroom", "LivingRoom", false);
+  static char name[] = "livingroom";
+  static char friendly_name[] = "LivingRoom";
+  App.pre_setup(name, sizeof(name) - 1, friendly_name, sizeof(friendly_name) - 1);
   auto *log = new logger::Logger(115200);  // NOLINT
   log->pre_setup();
   log->set_uart_selection(logger::UART_SELECTION_UART0);
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/core/test_config.py b/tests/unit_tests/core/test_config.py
index 88801a9ca0..474d31a90a 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/core/test_config.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/core/test_config.py
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
 from esphome.core import CORE, config
 from esphome.core.config import (
     Area,
+    make_app_name_cpp,
     preload_core_config,
     valid_include,
     valid_project_name,
@@ -969,3 +970,79 @@ def test_config_hash_different_for_different_configs() -> None:
     hash2 = CORE.config_hash
 
     assert hash1 != hash2
+
+
+def test_make_app_name_cpp_no_mac_simple() -> None:
+    """Test simple name without MAC suffix returns string literal."""
+    cpp_expr, global_decl, byte_len = make_app_name_cpp(
+        "my-device", "buf", "-", add_mac_suffix=False
+    )
+    assert cpp_expr == '"my-device"'
+    assert global_decl is None
+    assert byte_len == 9
+
+
+def test_make_app_name_cpp_no_mac_empty() -> None:
+    """Test empty name without MAC suffix."""
+    cpp_expr, global_decl, byte_len = make_app_name_cpp(
+        "", "buf", "-", add_mac_suffix=False
+    )
+    assert cpp_expr == '""'
+    assert global_decl is None
+    assert byte_len == 0
+
+
+def test_make_app_name_cpp_mac_suffix() -> None:
+    """Test name with MAC suffix emits static buffer."""
+    cpp_expr, global_decl, byte_len = make_app_name_cpp(
+        "my-device", "esphome_app_name_buf", "-", add_mac_suffix=True
+    )
+    assert cpp_expr == "esphome_app_name_buf"
+    assert global_decl is not None
+    assert "static char esphome_app_name_buf[]" in global_decl
+    assert "my-device-XXXXXX" in global_decl
+    assert byte_len == len("my-device-XXXXXX")
+
+
+def test_make_app_name_cpp_mac_suffix_empty() -> None:
+    """Test empty name with MAC suffix emits empty static buffer."""
+    cpp_expr, global_decl, byte_len = make_app_name_cpp(
+        "", "esphome_app_name_buf", "-", add_mac_suffix=True
+    )
+    assert cpp_expr == "esphome_app_name_buf"
+    assert global_decl is not None
+    assert "static char esphome_app_name_buf[]" in global_decl
+    assert byte_len == 0
+
+
+def test_make_app_name_cpp_mac_suffix_space_sep() -> None:
+    """Test friendly name uses space separator for MAC suffix."""
+    cpp_expr, global_decl, byte_len = make_app_name_cpp(
+        "My Device", "esphome_app_friendly_name_buf", " ", add_mac_suffix=True
+    )
+    assert cpp_expr == "esphome_app_friendly_name_buf"
+    assert global_decl is not None
+    assert "My Device XXXXXX" in global_decl
+    assert byte_len == len("My Device XXXXXX")
+
+
+def test_make_app_name_cpp_non_ascii_utf8_length() -> None:
+    """Test non-ASCII characters use UTF-8 byte length."""
+    _, global_decl, byte_len = make_app_name_cpp(
+        "café", "buf", "-", add_mac_suffix=False
+    )
+    assert byte_len == len("café".encode())  # 5 bytes, not 4 chars
+    assert global_decl is None
+
+
+def test_make_app_name_cpp_non_ascii_mac_suffix_utf8_length() -> None:
+    """Test non-ASCII with MAC suffix uses UTF-8 byte length."""
+    _, _, byte_len = make_app_name_cpp("café", "buf", "-", add_mac_suffix=True)
+    assert byte_len == len("café-XXXXXX".encode())
+
+
+def test_make_app_name_cpp_special_chars_escaped() -> None:
+    """Test special characters are properly escaped in C++ string."""
+    cpp_expr, _, _ = make_app_name_cpp('my "device"', "buf", "-", add_mac_suffix=False)
+    # cpp_string_escape uses octal escapes for quotes
+    assert '"' not in cpp_expr[1:-1]  # no unescaped quotes inside the outer quotes

From a16b8fc0ac30a015df61555d59fb98e19a9efe6a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 2026 07:00:31 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 403/609] [rp2040] Fix Pico W LED pin and auto-generate board
 definitions for arduino-pico 5.5.x (#14528)

---
 esphome/components/rp2040/boards.jinja2       |   25 +
 esphome/components/rp2040/boards.py           | 2199 ++++++++++++++++-
 esphome/components/rp2040/generate_boards.py  |  186 ++
 esphome/components/rp2040/gpio.py             |   22 +-
 .../components/test_rp2040_generate_boards.py |  273 ++
 5 files changed, 2688 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/rp2040/boards.jinja2
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/rp2040/generate_boards.py
 create mode 100644 tests/unit_tests/components/test_rp2040_generate_boards.py

diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/boards.jinja2 b/esphome/components/rp2040/boards.jinja2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..989fb83701
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/boards.jinja2
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# Auto-generated by generate_boards.py — do not edit manually
+# To regenerate: python esphome/components/rp2040/generate_boards.py <arduino-pico-path>
+
+# arduino-pico maps pins >= {{ cyw43_gpio_offset }} to CYW43 wireless chip GPIOs
+CYW43_GPIO_OFFSET = {{ cyw43_gpio_offset }}
+CYW43_MAX_GPIO = {{ cyw43_max_gpio }}
+DEFAULT_MAX_PIN = {{ default_max_pin }}
+
+RP2040_BASE_PINS = {}
+
+RP2040_BOARD_PINS = {
+{%- for name, pins in board_pins %}
+    {{ name | repr }}: {{ pins | format_pins }},
+{%- endfor %}
+}
+
+BOARDS = {
+{%- for name, info in boards %}
+    {{ name | repr }}: {
+    {%- for key, value in info.items() %}
+        {{ key | repr }}: {{ value | repr }},
+    {%- endfor %}
+    },
+{%- endfor %}
+}
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/boards.py b/esphome/components/rp2040/boards.py
index c761efba58..c99934567a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/boards.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/boards.py
@@ -1,28 +1,2205 @@
+# Auto-generated by generate_boards.py — do not edit manually
+# To regenerate: python esphome/components/rp2040/generate_boards.py <arduino-pico-path>
+
+# arduino-pico maps pins >= 64 to CYW43 wireless chip GPIOs
+CYW43_GPIO_OFFSET = 64
+CYW43_MAX_GPIO = 66
+DEFAULT_MAX_PIN = 29
+
 RP2040_BASE_PINS = {}
 
 RP2040_BOARD_PINS = {
-    "pico": {
-        "SDA": 4,
-        "SCL": 5,
-        "LED": 25,
-        "SDA1": 26,
-        "SCL1": 27,
+    "0xcb_helios": {
+        "LED": 17,
+        "MISO": 20,
+        "MOSI": 23,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 22,
+        "SCL1": 3,
+        "SDA1": 2,
+        "SS": 21,
+        "TX": 0,
     },
-    "rpipico": "pico",
-    "rpipicow": {
-        "SDA": 4,
+    "DudesCab": {
+        "LED": 25,
+        "MISO": 4,
+        "MOSI": 3,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 2,
+        "SCL": 19,
+        "SCL1": 11,
+        "SDA": 18,
+        "SDA1": 10,
+        "SS": 5,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "MyRP_2350B": {
+        "LED": 25,
+        "MISO": 16,
+        "MOSI": 19,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 18,
         "SCL": 5,
-        "LED": 32,
-        "SDA1": 26,
         "SCL1": 27,
+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SDA1": 26,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "MyRP_bot": {
+        "LED": 25,
+        "MISO": 12,
+        "MOSI": 3,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 2,
+        "SCL": 17,
+        "SCL1": 4,
+        "SDA": 16,
+        "SDA1": 5,
+        "SS": 13,
+    },
+    "adafruit_feather": {
+        "LED": 13,
+        "MISO": 20,
+        "MOSI": 19,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 18,
+        "SCL": 3,
+        "SCL1": 25,
+        "SDA": 2,
+        "SDA1": 24,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "adafruit_feather_adalogger": {
+        "LED": 13,
+        "MISO": 8,
+        "MOSI": 15,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 14,
+        "SCL": 3,
+        "SDA": 2,
+        "SS": 13,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "adafruit_feather_can": {
+        "LED": 13,
+        "MISO": 8,
+        "MOSI": 15,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 14,
+        "SCL": 3,
+        "SDA": 2,
+        "SS": 13,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "adafruit_feather_dvi": {
+        "LED": 13,
+        "MISO": 8,
+        "MOSI": 15,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 14,
+        "SCL": 3,
+        "SDA": 2,
+        "SS": 13,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "adafruit_feather_prop_maker": {
+        "LED": 13,
+        "MISO": 8,
+        "MOSI": 15,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 14,
+        "SCL": 3,
+        "SDA": 2,
+        "SS": 13,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "adafruit_feather_rfm": {
+        "LED": 13,
+        "MISO": 8,
+        "MOSI": 15,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 14,
+        "SCL": 3,
+        "SDA": 2,
+        "SS": 13,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "adafruit_feather_rp2350_adalogger": {
+        "LED": 7,
+        "MISO": 20,
+        "MOSI": 23,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 22,
+        "SCL": 3,
+        "SCL1": 31,
+        "SDA": 2,
+        "SDA1": 31,
+        "SS": 13,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "adafruit_feather_rp2350_hstx": {
+        "LED": 7,
+        "MISO": 20,
+        "MOSI": 23,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 22,
+        "SCL": 3,
+        "SCL1": 31,
+        "SDA": 2,
+        "SDA1": 31,
+        "SS": 21,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "adafruit_feather_scorpio": {
+        "LED": 13,
+        "MISO": 8,
+        "MOSI": 15,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 14,
+        "SCL": 3,
+        "SDA": 2,
+        "SS": 13,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "adafruit_feather_thinkink": {
+        "LED": 13,
+        "MISO": 8,
+        "MOSI": 15,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 14,
+        "SCL": 3,
+        "SDA": 2,
+        "SS": 13,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "adafruit_feather_usb_host": {
+        "LED": 13,
+        "MISO": 8,
+        "MOSI": 15,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 14,
+        "SCL": 3,
+        "SDA": 2,
+        "SS": 13,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "adafruit_floppsy": {
+        "LED": 28,
+        "MISO": 20,
+        "MOSI": 19,
+        "SCK": 18,
+        "SCL": 17,
+        "SDA": 16,
+        "SS": 24,
+    },
+    "adafruit_fruitjam": {
+        "LED": 29,
+        "MISO": 36,
+        "MOSI": 35,
+        "RX": 9,
+        "SCK": 34,
+        "SCL": 21,
+        "SDA": 20,
+        "SS": 39,
+        "TX": 8,
+    },
+    "adafruit_itsybitsy": {
+        "LED": 11,
+        "MISO": 20,
+        "MOSI": 19,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 18,
+        "SCL": 25,
+        "SCL1": 3,
+        "SDA": 24,
+        "SDA1": 2,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "adafruit_kb2040": {
+        "MISO": 20,
+        "MOSI": 19,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 18,
+        "SCL": 13,
+        "SCL1": 3,
+        "SDA": 12,
+        "SDA1": 2,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "adafruit_macropad2040": {"LED": 13, "SCL": 21, "SDA": 20},
+    "adafruit_metro": {
+        "LED": 13,
+        "MISO": 20,
+        "MOSI": 19,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 18,
+        "SCL": 17,
+        "SCL1": 3,
+        "SDA": 16,
+        "SDA1": 2,
+        "SS": 23,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "adafruit_metro_rp2350": {
+        "LED": 23,
+        "MISO": 28,
+        "MOSI": 31,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 30,
+        "SCL": 21,
+        "SDA": 20,
+        "SS": 29,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "adafruit_qtpy": {
+        "MISO": 4,
+        "MOSI": 3,
+        "RX": 29,
+        "SCK": 6,
+        "SCL": 25,
+        "SCL1": 23,
+        "SDA": 24,
+        "SDA1": 22,
+        "TX": 28,
+    },
+    "adafruit_stemmafriend": {
+        "LED": 12,
+        "MISO": 4,
+        "MOSI": 7,
+        "RX": 27,
+        "SCK": 2,
+        "SCL": 21,
+        "SCL1": 27,
+        "SDA": 20,
+        "SDA1": 26,
+        "SS": 1,
+        "TX": 26,
+    },
+    "adafruit_trinkeyrp2040qt": {"RX": 17, "SCL": 17, "SDA": 16, "TX": 16},
+    "akana_r1": {
+        "LED": 25,
+        "MISO": 16,
+        "MOSI": 19,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 18,
+        "SCL": 5,
+        "SCL1": 7,
+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SDA1": 6,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "amken_bunny": {"LED": 24, "RX": 1, "TX": 0},
+    "amken_revelop": {"LED": 24, "RX": 1, "SCL": 29, "SDA": 28, "TX": 0},
+    "amken_revelop_es": {"LED": 5, "MISO": 0, "MOSI": 3, "SCK": 2, "SS": 1, "TX": 20},
+    "amken_revelop_plus": {"LED": 24, "RX": 1, "SCL": 29, "SDA": 28, "TX": 0},
+    "artronshop_rp2_nano": {
+        "LED": 13,
+        "MISO": 4,
+        "MOSI": 3,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 2,
+        "SCL": 17,
+        "SCL1": 19,
+        "SDA": 16,
+        "SDA1": 18,
+        "SS": 5,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "bigtreetech_SKR_Pico": {"LED": 13, "RX": 1, "TX": 0},
+    "breadstick_raspberry": {
+        "RX": 21,
+        "SCL": 13,
+        "SCL1": 23,
+        "SDA": 12,
+        "SDA1": 22,
+        "TX": 20,
+    },
+    "bridgetek_idm2040_43a": {
+        "LED": 25,
+        "MISO": 4,
+        "MOSI": 3,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 2,
+        "SCL": 5,
+        "SCL1": 27,
+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SDA1": 26,
+        "SS": 5,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "bridgetek_idm2040_7a": {
+        "LED": 25,
+        "MISO": 4,
+        "MOSI": 3,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 2,
+        "SCL": 5,
+        "SCL1": 27,
+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SDA1": 26,
+        "SS": 5,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "challenger_2040_lora": {
+        "LED": 24,
+        "MISO": 20,
+        "MOSI": 23,
+        "RX": 17,
+        "SCK": 22,
+        "SCL": 1,
+        "SDA": 0,
+        "SS": 21,
+        "TX": 16,
+    },
+    "challenger_2040_lte": {
+        "LED": 19,
+        "MISO": 20,
+        "MOSI": 23,
+        "RX": 17,
+        "SCK": 22,
+        "SCL": 1,
+        "SDA": 0,
+        "SS": 21,
+        "TX": 16,
+    },
+    "challenger_2040_nfc": {
+        "LED": 24,
+        "MISO": 20,
+        "MOSI": 23,
+        "RX": 17,
+        "SCK": 22,
+        "SCL": 1,
+        "SCL1": 11,
+        "SDA": 0,
+        "SDA1": 10,
+        "SS": 21,
+        "TX": 16,
+    },
+    "challenger_2040_sdrtc": {
+        "LED": 24,
+        "MISO": 20,
+        "MOSI": 23,
+        "RX": 17,
+        "SCK": 22,
+        "SCL": 1,
+        "SDA": 0,
+        "SS": 21,
+        "TX": 16,
+    },
+    "challenger_2040_subghz": {
+        "LED": 24,
+        "MISO": 20,
+        "MOSI": 23,
+        "RX": 17,
+        "SCK": 22,
+        "SCL": 1,
+        "SDA": 0,
+        "SS": 21,
+        "TX": 16,
+    },
+    "challenger_2040_uwb": {
+        "LED": 24,
+        "MISO": 20,
+        "MOSI": 23,
+        "RX": 17,
+        "SCK": 22,
+        "SCL": 1,
+        "SDA": 0,
+        "SS": 21,
+        "TX": 16,
+    },
+    "challenger_2040_wifi": {
+        "LED": 12,
+        "MISO": 24,
+        "MOSI": 23,
+        "RX": 17,
+        "SCK": 22,
+        "SCL": 1,
+        "SDA": 0,
+        "SS": 21,
+        "TX": 16,
+    },
+    "challenger_2040_wifi6_ble": {
+        "LED": 10,
+        "MISO": 24,
+        "MOSI": 23,
+        "RX": 17,
+        "SCK": 22,
+        "SCL": 1,
+        "SDA": 0,
+        "SS": 21,
+        "TX": 16,
+    },
+    "challenger_2040_wifi_ble": {
+        "LED": 10,
+        "MISO": 24,
+        "MOSI": 23,
+        "RX": 17,
+        "SCK": 22,
+        "SCL": 1,
+        "SDA": 0,
+        "SS": 21,
+        "TX": 16,
+    },
+    "challenger_2350_bconnect": {
+        "LED": 7,
+        "MISO": 16,
+        "MOSI": 19,
+        "RX": 13,
+        "SCK": 18,
+        "SCL": 21,
+        "SCL1": 11,
+        "SDA": 20,
+        "SDA1": 10,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 12,
+    },
+    "challenger_2350_wifi6_ble5": {
+        "LED": 7,
+        "MISO": 16,
+        "MOSI": 19,
+        "RX": 13,
+        "SCK": 18,
+        "SCL": 21,
+        "SCL1": 31,
+        "SDA": 20,
+        "SDA1": 31,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 12,
+    },
+    "challenger_nb_2040_wifi": {
+        "LED": 12,
+        "MISO": 24,
+        "MOSI": 23,
+        "RX": 17,
+        "SCK": 22,
+        "SCL": 1,
+        "SDA": 0,
+        "SS": 21,
+        "TX": 16,
+    },
+    "connectivity_2040_lte_wifi_ble": {
+        "LED": 19,
+        "MISO": 20,
+        "MOSI": 23,
+        "RX": 17,
+        "SCK": 22,
+        "SCL": 1,
+        "SDA": 0,
+        "SS": 21,
+        "TX": 16,
+    },
+    "cytron_iriv_io_controller": {
+        "LED": 29,
+        "MISO": 20,
+        "MOSI": 19,
+        "RX": 31,
+        "SCK": 22,
+        "SCL": 17,
+        "SCL1": 31,
+        "SDA": 16,
+        "SDA1": 31,
+        "SS": 21,
+        "TX": 31,
+    },
+    "cytron_maker_nano_rp2040": {
+        "LED": 2,
+        "MISO": 16,
+        "MOSI": 19,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 18,
+        "SCL": 1,
+        "SCL1": 27,
+        "SDA": 0,
+        "SDA1": 26,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "cytron_maker_pi_rp2040": {
+        "LED": 3,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCL": 17,
+        "SCL1": 3,
+        "SDA": 16,
+        "SDA1": 2,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "cytron_maker_uno_rp2040": {
+        "LED": 3,
+        "MISO": 12,
+        "MOSI": 11,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 10,
+        "SCL": 21,
+        "SCL1": 27,
+        "SDA": 20,
+        "SDA1": 26,
+        "SS": 13,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "cytron_motion_2350_pro": {
+        "LED": 2,
+        "MISO": 4,
+        "MOSI": 7,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 6,
+        "SCL": 17,
+        "SCL1": 27,
+        "SDA": 16,
+        "SDA1": 26,
+        "SS": 5,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "datanoisetv_picoadk": {
+        "LED": 15,
+        "MISO": 16,
+        "MOSI": 19,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 18,
+        "SCL": 9,
+        "SCL1": 7,
+        "SDA": 8,
+        "SDA1": 6,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "datanoisetv_picoadk_v2": {
+        "LED": 2,
+        "MISO": 8,
+        "MOSI": 7,
+        "RX": 13,
+        "SCK": 6,
+        "SCL": 9,
+        "SCL1": 7,
+        "SDA": 8,
+        "SDA1": 6,
+        "SS": 5,
+        "TX": 12,
+    },
+    "degz_suibo": {
+        "LED": 25,
+        "MISO": 16,
+        "MOSI": 19,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 18,
+        "SCL": 5,
+        "SCL1": 27,
+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SDA1": 26,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "dfrobot_beetle_rp2040": {
+        "LED": 13,
+        "MISO": 0,
+        "MOSI": 3,
+        "RX": 29,
+        "SCK": 2,
+        "SCL": 5,
+        "SCL1": 3,
+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SDA1": 2,
+        "SS": 1,
+        "TX": 28,
+    },
+    "electroniccats_huntercat_nfc": {"LED": 8, "RX": 1, "SCL": 5, "SDA": 4, "TX": 0},
+    "evn_alpha": {
+        "LED": 25,
+        "MISO": 0,
+        "MOSI": 3,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 2,
+        "SCL": 5,
+        "SCL1": 7,
+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SDA1": 6,
+        "SS": 1,
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+    },
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+        "LED": 25,
+        "MISO": 4,
+        "MOSI": 3,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 2,
+        "SCL": 5,
+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SS": 5,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
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+        "LED": 25,
+        "MISO": 4,
+        "MOSI": 3,
+        "RX": 1,
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+        "SCL": 17,
+        "SCL1": 15,
+        "SDA": 16,
+        "SDA1": 14,
+        "SS": 5,
+        "TX": 0,
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+        "MISO": 16,
+        "MOSI": 19,
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+        "SCL": 5,
+        "SCL1": 27,
+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SDA1": 26,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
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+        "MISO": 16,
+        "MOSI": 19,
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+        "SCL": 5,
+        "SCL1": 27,
+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SDA1": 26,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
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+        "LED": 25,
+        "MISO": 16,
+        "MOSI": 19,
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+        "SCL": 5,
+        "SCL1": 27,
+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SDA1": 26,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
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+        "MISO": 16,
+        "MOSI": 19,
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+        "SCL": 5,
+        "SCL1": 27,
+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SDA1": 26,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
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+        "MOSI": 23,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 22,
+        "SCL": 5,
+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SS": 21,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "jumperless_v1": {
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+        "MISO": 0,
+        "MOSI": 3,
+        "RX": 17,
+        "SCK": 2,
+        "SCL": 5,
+        "SCL1": 19,
+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SDA1": 18,
+        "SS": 1,
+        "TX": 16,
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+    "jumperless_v5": {
+        "LED": 17,
+        "MISO": 20,
+        "MOSI": 23,
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+        "SCK": 22,
+        "SCL": 5,
+        "SCL1": 23,
+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SDA1": 22,
+        "SS": 21,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
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+        "LED": 21,
+        "MISO": 20,
+        "MOSI": 19,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 18,
+        "SCL": 13,
+        "SCL1": 3,
+        "SDA": 12,
+        "SDA1": 2,
+        "SS": 1,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "melopero_shake_rp2040": {
+        "LED": 25,
+        "MISO": 20,
+        "MOSI": 19,
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+        "SCL": 9,
+        "SCL1": 3,
+        "SDA": 8,
+        "SDA1": 2,
+        "SS": 1,
+        "TX": 0,
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+        "MOSI": 19,
+        "SCK": 18,
+        "SCL": 23,
+        "SDA": 22,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 6,
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+        "MOSI": 19,
+        "SCK": 18,
+        "SCL": 23,
+        "SDA": 22,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 6,
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+    "nekosystems_bl2040_mini": {
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+        "MISO": 16,
+        "MOSI": 19,
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+        "SCK": 18,
+        "SCL": 25,
+        "SCL1": 23,
+        "SDA": 24,
+        "SDA1": 22,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 12,
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+        "MOSI": 3,
+        "RX": 17,
+        "SCK": 2,
+        "SCL": 1,
+        "SCL1": 7,
+        "SDA": 0,
+        "SDA1": 6,
+        "SS": 5,
+        "TX": 16,
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+        "MISO": 20,
+        "MOSI": 23,
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+        "SCL": 3,
+        "SCL1": 5,
+        "SDA": 2,
+        "SDA1": 4,
+        "SS": 21,
+        "TX": 0,
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+        "MISO": 4,
+        "MOSI": 7,
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+        "SCL": 13,
+        "SCL1": 3,
+        "SDA": 12,
+        "SDA1": 2,
+        "SS": 5,
+        "TX": 0,
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+        "MISO": 16,
+        "MOSI": 19,
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+        "SCL": 5,
+        "SCL1": 27,
+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SDA1": 26,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 0,
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+        "MISO": 16,
+        "MOSI": 19,
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+        "SDA1": 26,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 0,
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+        "SCL1": 27,
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+        "SDA1": 26,
+        "SS": 17,
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+        "SCK": 10,
+        "SCL": 21,
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+        "SDA": 20,
+        "SDA1": 10,
+        "SS": 10,
+        "TX": 10,
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+        "MISO": 32,
+        "MOSI": 35,
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+        "SCL": 5,
+        "SCL1": 7,
+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SDA1": 6,
+        "SS": 33,
+        "TX": 0,
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+        "MISO": 32,
+        "MOSI": 35,
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+        "SCL": 5,
+        "SCL1": 7,
+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SDA1": 6,
+        "SS": 33,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
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+    "pimoroni_plasma2350": {
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+        "MISO": 31,
+        "MOSI": 31,
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+        "SCL": 21,
+        "SCL1": 31,
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+        "SDA1": 31,
+        "SS": 31,
+        "TX": 31,
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+        "MISO": 24,
+        "MOSI": 24,
+        "RX": 31,
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+        "SCL": 21,
+        "SCL1": 31,
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+        "SDA1": 31,
+        "SS": 25,
+        "TX": 31,
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+        "MISO": 4,
+        "MOSI": 7,
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+        "SCL": 5,
+        "SCL1": 7,
+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SDA1": 6,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 0,
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+        "MISO": 4,
+        "MOSI": 7,
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+        "SCL": 13,
+        "SCL1": 7,
+        "SDA": 12,
+        "SDA1": 6,
+        "SS": 5,
+        "TX": 0,
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+        "MISO": 16,
+        "MOSI": 19,
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+        "SCL": 5,
+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 0,
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+        "MOSI": 19,
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+        "SCK": 18,
+        "SCL": 3,
+        "SCL1": 21,
+        "SDA": 2,
+        "SDA1": 20,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 0,
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+        "MISO": 16,
+        "MOSI": 19,
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+        "SCL": 5,
+        "SCL1": 27,
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+        "SDA1": 26,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 0,
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+        "MISO": 16,
+        "MOSI": 19,
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+        "SCL": 5,
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+        "SDA1": 26,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 0,
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+        "MISO": 16,
+        "MOSI": 19,
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+        "SCL": 5,
+        "SCL1": 27,
+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SDA1": 26,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 0,
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+        "MISO": 16,
+        "MOSI": 19,
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+        "SCL": 5,
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+        "SDA1": 26,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 0,
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+        "RX": 1,
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+        "SCL": 5,
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+        "SDA1": 2,
+        "SS": 21,
+        "TX": 0,
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+        "MOSI": 3,
+        "RX": 17,
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+        "SCL": 21,
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+        "SDA1": 14,
+        "SS": 1,
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+        "LED": 17,
+        "MISO": 4,
+        "MOSI": 3,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 2,
+        "SCL": 7,
+        "SDA": 6,
+        "TX": 0,
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+    "seeed_xiao_rp2350": {
+        "LED": 25,
+        "MISO": 4,
+        "MOSI": 3,
+        "RX": 1,
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+        "SCL": 17,
+        "SCL1": 7,
+        "SDA": 16,
+        "SDA1": 6,
+        "SS": 5,
+        "TX": 0,
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+        "MOSI": 11,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 10,
+        "SCL": 17,
+        "SDA": 16,
+        "SS": 21,
+        "TX": 0,
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+        "MOSI": 3,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 4,
+        "SCL": 9,
+        "SCL1": 31,
+        "SDA": 8,
+        "SDA1": 30,
+        "SS": 5,
+        "TX": 0,
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+        "MISO": 16,
+        "MOSI": 19,
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+        "SCL": 5,
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+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SDA1": 2,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 0,
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+        "MISO": 20,
+        "MOSI": 23,
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+        "SCL": 5,
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+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SDA1": 2,
+        "SS": 21,
+        "TX": 0,
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+    "solderparty_rp2350_stamp_xl": {
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+        "MISO": 20,
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+        "SCK": 22,
+        "SCL": 5,
+        "SCL1": 3,
+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SDA1": 2,
+        "SS": 21,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
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+        "LED": 25,
+        "MISO": 12,
+        "MOSI": 15,
+        "RX": 19,
+        "SCK": 14,
+        "SCL": 21,
+        "SCL1": 31,
+        "SDA": 20,
+        "SDA1": 31,
+        "SS": 13,
+        "TX": 18,
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+        "LED": 25,
+        "MISO": 20,
+        "MOSI": 23,
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+        "SCL": 5,
+        "SCL1": 31,
+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SDA1": 30,
+        "SS": 21,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "sparkfun_micromodrp2040": {
+        "LED": 25,
+        "MISO": 20,
+        "MOSI": 23,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 22,
+        "SCL": 5,
+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SS": 21,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
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+        "LED": 25,
+        "MISO": 20,
+        "MOSI": 23,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 22,
+        "SCL": 17,
+        "SDA": 16,
+        "SS": 21,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
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+        "LED": 25,
+        "MISO": 20,
+        "MOSI": 23,
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+        "SCK": 22,
+        "SCL": 17,
+        "SCL1": 31,
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+        "SDA1": 31,
+        "SS": 21,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
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+        "LED": 25,
+        "MISO": 4,
+        "MOSI": 3,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 2,
+        "SCL": 17,
+        "SCL1": 7,
+        "SDA": 16,
+        "SDA1": 6,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "sparkfun_thingplusrp2350": {
+        "LED": 64,
+        "MISO": 4,
+        "MOSI": 3,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 2,
+        "SCL": 7,
+        "SCL1": 31,
+        "SDA": 6,
+        "SDA1": 31,
+        "SS": 9,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
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+        "LED": 64,
+        "MISO": 16,
+        "MOSI": 19,
+        "RX": 13,
+        "SCK": 18,
+        "SCL": 5,
+        "SCL1": 39,
+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SDA1": 38,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 12,
+    },
+    "sparkfun_xrp_controller_beta": {"LED": 64, "SCL": 19, "SDA": 18},
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+        "LED": 25,
+        "MISO": 16,
+        "MOSI": 19,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 18,
+        "SCL": 5,
+        "SCL1": 23,
+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SDA1": 22,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
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+        "LED": 25,
+        "MISO": 16,
+        "MOSI": 19,
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+        "SCK": 18,
+        "SCL": 5,
+        "SCL1": 27,
+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SDA1": 26,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 0,
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+        "LED": 4,
+        "MISO": 20,
+        "MOSI": 19,
+        "RX": 17,
+        "SCK": 18,
+        "SCL": 25,
+        "SCL1": 7,
+        "SDA": 24,
+        "SDA1": 6,
+        "SS": 21,
+        "TX": 16,
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+        "LED": 25,
+        "MISO": 16,
+        "MOSI": 7,
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+        "SCK": 6,
+        "SCL": 5,
+        "SCL1": 3,
+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SDA1": 2,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "waveshare_rp2040_lcd_0_96": {
+        "MISO": 16,
+        "MOSI": 19,
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+        "SCK": 18,
+        "SCL": 9,
+        "SCL1": 7,
+        "SDA": 8,
+        "SDA1": 6,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "waveshare_rp2040_lcd_1_28": {
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+        "MOSI": 19,
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+        "SCK": 18,
+        "SCL": 9,
+        "SCL1": 7,
+        "SDA": 8,
+        "SDA1": 6,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "waveshare_rp2040_lora": {
+        "LED": 25,
+        "MISO": 4,
+        "MOSI": 3,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 2,
+        "SCL": 5,
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+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SDA1": 6,
+        "SS": 5,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "waveshare_rp2040_matrix": {
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+        "MOSI": 3,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 2,
+        "SCL": 5,
+        "SCL1": 27,
+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SDA1": 26,
+        "SS": 5,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
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+        "MOSI": 3,
+        "RX": 1,
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+        "SCL": 5,
+        "SCL1": 27,
+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SDA1": 26,
+        "SS": 5,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
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+        "MOSI": 19,
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+        "SCL": 5,
+        "SCL1": 27,
+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SDA1": 26,
+        "SS": 21,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
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+        "LED": 25,
+        "MISO": 16,
+        "MOSI": 19,
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+        "SCK": 18,
+        "SCL": 9,
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+        "SDA": 8,
+        "SDA1": 6,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "waveshare_rp2040_zero": {
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+        "MOSI": 3,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 2,
+        "SCL": 5,
+        "SCL1": 27,
+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SDA1": 26,
+        "SS": 5,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "waveshare_rp2350_lcd_0_96": {
+        "MISO": 16,
+        "MOSI": 19,
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+        "SCK": 18,
+        "SCL": 9,
+        "SCL1": 7,
+        "SDA": 8,
+        "SDA1": 6,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
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+        "MOSI": 19,
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+        "SCK": 18,
+        "SCL": 5,
+        "SCL1": 27,
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+        "SDA1": 26,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
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+        "LED": 25,
+        "MISO": 16,
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+        "SCL": 9,
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+        "SDA": 8,
+        "SDA1": 6,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
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+        "MISO": 4,
+        "MOSI": 3,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 2,
+        "SCL": 5,
+        "SCL1": 27,
+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SDA1": 26,
+        "SS": 5,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "waveshare_rp2350b_plus_w": {
+        "LED": 23,
+        "MISO": 16,
+        "MOSI": 19,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 18,
+        "SCL": 9,
+        "SCL1": 7,
+        "SDA": 8,
+        "SDA1": 6,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "wiznet_55rp20_evb_pico": {
+        "LED": 19,
+        "MISO": 2,
+        "MOSI": 3,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 4,
+        "SCL": 5,
+        "SCL1": 27,
+        "SDA": 4,
+        "SDA1": 26,
+        "SS": 5,
+        "TX": 0,
+    },
+    "wiznet_wizfi360_evb_pico": {
+        "LED": 25,
+        "MISO": 16,
+        "MOSI": 19,
+        "RX": 1,
+        "SCK": 18,
+        "SCL": 9,
+        "SCL1": 27,
+        "SDA": 8,
+        "SDA1": 26,
+        "SS": 17,
+        "TX": 0,
     },
 }
 
 BOARDS = {
+    "0xcb_helios": {
+        "name": "0xCB Helios",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "DudesCab": {
+        "name": "L'atelier d'Arnoz DudesCab",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "MyRP_2350B": {
+        "name": "MyMakers RP2350B",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+    },
+    "MyRP_bot": {
+        "name": "MyMakers RP2040",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "adafruit_feather": {
+        "name": "Adafruit Feather RP2040",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "adafruit_feather_adalogger": {
+        "name": "Adafruit Feather RP2040 Adalogger",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "adafruit_feather_can": {
+        "name": "Adafruit Feather RP2040 CAN",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "adafruit_feather_dvi": {
+        "name": "Adafruit Feather RP2040 DVI",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "adafruit_feather_prop_maker": {
+        "name": "Adafruit Feather RP2040 Prop-Maker",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "adafruit_feather_rfm": {
+        "name": "Adafruit Feather RP2040 RFM",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "adafruit_feather_rp2350_adalogger": {
+        "name": "Adafruit Feather RP2350 Adalogger",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+    },
+    "adafruit_feather_rp2350_hstx": {
+        "name": "Adafruit Feather RP2350 HSTX",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+    },
+    "adafruit_feather_scorpio": {
+        "name": "Adafruit Feather RP2040 SCORPIO",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "adafruit_feather_thinkink": {
+        "name": "Adafruit Feather RP2040 ThinkINK",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "adafruit_feather_usb_host": {
+        "name": "Adafruit Feather RP2040 USB Host",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "adafruit_floppsy": {
+        "name": "Adafruit Floppsy",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "adafruit_fruitjam": {
+        "name": "Adafruit Fruit Jam RP2350",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+    },
+    "adafruit_itsybitsy": {
+        "name": "Adafruit ItsyBitsy RP2040",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "adafruit_kb2040": {
+        "name": "Adafruit KB2040",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "adafruit_macropad2040": {
+        "name": "Adafruit MacroPad RP2040",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "adafruit_metro": {
+        "name": "Adafruit Metro RP2040",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "adafruit_metro_rp2350": {
+        "name": "Adafruit Metro RP2350",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+    },
+    "adafruit_qtpy": {
+        "name": "Adafruit QT Py RP2040",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "adafruit_stemmafriend": {
+        "name": "Adafruit STEMMA Friend RP2040",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "adafruit_trinkeyrp2040qt": {
+        "name": "Adafruit Trinkey RP2040 QT",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "akana_r1": {
+        "name": "METE HOCA Akana R1",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "amken_bunny": {
+        "name": "Amken BunnyBoard",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "amken_revelop": {
+        "name": "Amken Revelop",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "amken_revelop_es": {
+        "name": "Amken Revelop eS",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "amken_revelop_plus": {
+        "name": "Amken Revelop Plus",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "arduino_nano_connect": {
+        "name": "Arduino Nano RP2040 Connect",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "artronshop_rp2_nano": {
+        "name": "ArtronShop RP2 Nano",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "bigtreetech_SKR_Pico": {
+        "name": "BIGTREETECH SKR-Pico",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "breadstick_raspberry": {
+        "name": "Breadstick Raspberry",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "bridgetek_idm2040_43a": {
+        "name": "BridgeTek IDM2040-43A",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "bridgetek_idm2040_7a": {
+        "name": "BridgeTek IDM2040-7A",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "challenger_2040_lora": {
+        "name": "iLabs Challenger 2040 LoRa",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "challenger_2040_lte": {
+        "name": "iLabs Challenger 2040 LTE",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "challenger_2040_nfc": {
+        "name": "iLabs Challenger 2040 NFC",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "challenger_2040_sdrtc": {
+        "name": "iLabs Challenger 2040 SD/RTC",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "challenger_2040_subghz": {
+        "name": "iLabs Challenger 2040 SubGHz",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "challenger_2040_uwb": {
+        "name": "iLabs Challenger 2040 UWB",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "challenger_2040_wifi": {
+        "name": "iLabs Challenger 2040 WiFi",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "challenger_2040_wifi6_ble": {
+        "name": "iLabs Challenger 2040 WiFi6/BLE",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "challenger_2040_wifi_ble": {
+        "name": "iLabs Challenger 2040 WiFi/BLE",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "challenger_2350_bconnect": {
+        "name": "iLabs Challenger 2350 BConnect",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+    },
+    "challenger_2350_wifi6_ble5": {
+        "name": "iLabs Challenger 2350 WiFi/BLE",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+    },
+    "challenger_nb_2040_wifi": {
+        "name": "iLabs Challenger NB 2040 WiFi",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "connectivity_2040_lte_wifi_ble": {
+        "name": "iLabs Connectivity 2040 LTE/WiFi/BLE",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "cytron_iriv_io_controller": {
+        "name": "Cytron IRIV IO Controller",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+    },
+    "cytron_maker_nano_rp2040": {
+        "name": "Cytron Maker Nano RP2040",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "cytron_maker_pi_rp2040": {
+        "name": "Cytron Maker Pi RP2040",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "cytron_maker_uno_rp2040": {
+        "name": "Cytron Maker Uno RP2040",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "cytron_motion_2350_pro": {
+        "name": "Cytron Motion 2350 Pro",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+    },
+    "datanoisetv_picoadk": {
+        "name": "DatanoiseTV PicoADK",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "datanoisetv_picoadk_v2": {
+        "name": "DatanoiseTV PicoADK v2",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+    },
+    "degz_suibo": {
+        "name": "Degz Robotics Suibo RP2040",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "dfrobot_beetle_rp2040": {
+        "name": "DFRobot Beetle RP2040",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "electroniccats_huntercat_nfc": {
+        "name": "ElectronicCats HunterCat NFC RP2040",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "evn_alpha": {
+        "name": "EVN Alpha",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "extelec_rc2040": {
+        "name": "ExtremeElectronics RC2040",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "flyboard2040_core": {
+        "name": "DeRuiLab FlyBoard2040Core",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "geeekpi_rp2040_plus": {
+        "name": "GeeekPi RP2040 Plus",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "generic": {
+        "name": "Generic RP2040",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "generic_rp2350": {
+        "name": "Generic RP2350",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+    },
+    "groundstudio_marble_pico": {
+        "name": "GroundStudio Marble Pico",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "ilabs_rpico32": {
+        "name": "iLabs RPICO32",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "jumperless_v1": {
+        "name": "Architeuthis Flux Jumperless",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "jumperless_v5": {
+        "name": "Architeuthis Flux Jumperless V5",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+    },
+    "melopero_cookie_rp2040": {
+        "name": "Melopero Cookie RP2040",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "melopero_shake_rp2040": {
+        "name": "Melopero Shake RP2040",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "mksthr36": {
+        "name": "Makerbase MKS THR36",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "mksthr42": {
+        "name": "Makerbase MKS THR42",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "nekosystems_bl2040_mini": {
+        "name": "Neko Systems BL2040 Mini",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "newsan_archi": {
+        "name": "Newsan Archi",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "nullbits_bit_c_pro": {
+        "name": "nullbits Bit-C PRO",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "olimex_pico2bb48": {
+        "name": "Olimex Pico2BB48",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+    },
+    "olimex_pico2xl": {
+        "name": "Olimex Pico2XL",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+    },
+    "olimex_pico2xxl": {
+        "name": "Olimex Pico2XXL",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+    },
+    "olimex_rp2040pico30": {
+        "name": "Olimex RP2040-Pico30",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "picolume": {
+        "name": "PicoLume Transceiver",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "pimoroni_explorer": {
+        "name": "Pimoroni Explorer",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+    },
+    "pimoroni_pga2040": {
+        "name": "Pimoroni PGA2040",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "pimoroni_pga2350": {
+        "name": "Pimoroni PGA2350",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+    },
+    "pimoroni_pico_plus_2": {
+        "name": "Pimoroni PicoPlus2",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+    },
+    "pimoroni_pico_plus_2w": {
+        "name": "Pimoroni PicoPlus2W",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+        "max_virtual_pin": 64,
+    },
+    "pimoroni_plasma2040": {
+        "name": "Pimoroni Plasma2040",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "pimoroni_plasma2350": {
+        "name": "Pimoroni Plasma2350",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+    },
+    "pimoroni_plasma2350w": {
+        "name": "Pimoroni Plasma2350W",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+    },
+    "pimoroni_servo2040": {
+        "name": "Pimoroni Servo2040",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "pimoroni_tiny2040": {
+        "name": "Pimoroni Tiny2040",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "pimoroni_tiny2350": {
+        "name": "Pimoroni Tiny2350",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+    },
+    "pintronix_pinmax": {
+        "name": "Pintronix PinMax",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "rakwireless_rak11300": {
+        "name": "RAKwireless RAK11300",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "redscorp_rp2040_eins": {
+        "name": "redscorp RP2040-Eins",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "redscorp_rp2040_promini": {
+        "name": "redscorp RP2040-ProMini",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
     "rpipico": {
         "name": "Raspberry Pi Pico",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "rpipico2": {
+        "name": "Raspberry Pi Pico 2",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+    },
+    "rpipico2w": {
+        "name": "Raspberry Pi Pico 2W",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+        "max_virtual_pin": 64,
     },
     "rpipicow": {
         "name": "Raspberry Pi Pico W",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+        "max_virtual_pin": 64,
+    },
+    "sea_picro": {
+        "name": "Generic Sea-Picro",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "seeed_indicator_rp2040": {
+        "name": "Seeed INDICATOR RP2040",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "seeed_xiao_rp2040": {
+        "name": "Seeed XIAO RP2040",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "seeed_xiao_rp2350": {
+        "name": "Seeed XIAO RP2350",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+    },
+    "silicognition_rp2040_shim": {
+        "name": "Silicognition RP2040-Shim",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "soldered_nula_rp2350": {
+        "name": "Soldered Electronics NULA RP2350",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+    },
+    "solderparty_rp2040_stamp": {
+        "name": "Solder Party RP2040 Stamp",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "solderparty_rp2350_stamp": {
+        "name": "Solder Party RP2350 Stamp",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+    },
+    "solderparty_rp2350_stamp_xl": {
+        "name": "Solder Party RP2350 Stamp XL",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+    },
+    "sparkfun_iotnode_lorawanrp2350": {
+        "name": "SparkFun IoT Node LoRaWAN",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+    },
+    "sparkfun_iotredboard_rp2350": {
+        "name": "SparkFun IoT RedBoard RP2350",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+    },
+    "sparkfun_micromodrp2040": {
+        "name": "SparkFun MicroMod RP2040",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "sparkfun_promicrorp2040": {
+        "name": "SparkFun ProMicro RP2040",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "sparkfun_promicrorp2350": {
+        "name": "SparkFun ProMicro RP2350",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+    },
+    "sparkfun_thingplusrp2040": {
+        "name": "SparkFun Thing Plus RP2040",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "sparkfun_thingplusrp2350": {
+        "name": "SparkFun Thing Plus RP2350",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+        "max_virtual_pin": 64,
+    },
+    "sparkfun_xrp_controller": {
+        "name": "SparkFun XRP Controller",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+        "max_virtual_pin": 64,
+    },
+    "sparkfun_xrp_controller_beta": {
+        "name": "SparkFun XRP Controller (Beta)",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+        "max_virtual_pin": 64,
+    },
+    "upesy_rp2040_devkit": {
+        "name": "uPesy RP2040 DevKit",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "vccgnd_yd_rp2040": {
+        "name": "VCC-GND YD RP2040",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "vicharak_shrike-lite": {
+        "name": "Vicharak Shrike-Lite",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "viyalab_mizu": {
+        "name": "Viyalab Mizu RP2040",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "waveshare_rp2040_lcd_0_96": {
+        "name": "Waveshare RP2040 LCD 0.96",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "waveshare_rp2040_lcd_1_28": {
+        "name": "Waveshare RP2040 LCD 1.28",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "waveshare_rp2040_lora": {
+        "name": "Waveshare RP2040 LoRa",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "waveshare_rp2040_matrix": {
+        "name": "Waveshare RP2040 Matrix",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "waveshare_rp2040_one": {
+        "name": "Waveshare RP2040 One",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "waveshare_rp2040_pizero": {
+        "name": "Waveshare RP2040 PiZero",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "waveshare_rp2040_plus": {
+        "name": "Waveshare RP2040 Plus",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "waveshare_rp2040_zero": {
+        "name": "Waveshare RP2040 Zero",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "waveshare_rp2350_lcd_0_96": {
+        "name": "Waveshare RP2350 LCD 0.96",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+    },
+    "waveshare_rp2350_pizero": {
+        "name": "Waveshare RP2350 PiZero",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+    },
+    "waveshare_rp2350_plus": {
+        "name": "Waveshare RP2350 Plus",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+    },
+    "waveshare_rp2350_zero": {
+        "name": "Waveshare RP2350 Zero",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+    },
+    "waveshare_rp2350b_plus_w": {
+        "name": "Waveshare RP2350B Plus W",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+    },
+    "wiznet_5100s_evb_pico": {
+        "name": "WIZnet W5100S-EVB-Pico",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "wiznet_5100s_evb_pico2": {
+        "name": "WIZnet W5100S-EVB-Pico2",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+    },
+    "wiznet_5500_evb_pico": {
+        "name": "WIZnet W5500-EVB-Pico",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "wiznet_5500_evb_pico2": {
+        "name": "WIZnet W5500-EVB-Pico2",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+    },
+    "wiznet_55rp20_evb_pico": {
+        "name": "WIZnet W55RP20-EVB-Pico",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "wiznet_6300_evb_pico": {
+        "name": "WIZnet W6300-EVB-Pico",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
+    },
+    "wiznet_6300_evb_pico2": {
+        "name": "WIZnet W6300-EVB-Pico2",
+        "mcu": "rp2350",
+        "max_pin": 47,
+    },
+    "wiznet_wizfi360_evb_pico": {
+        "name": "WIZnet WizFi360-EVB-Pico",
+        "mcu": "rp2040",
+        "max_pin": 29,
     },
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/generate_boards.py b/esphome/components/rp2040/generate_boards.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a0e3699f37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/generate_boards.py
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+"""Generate boards.py from arduino-pico board definitions.
+
+Usage: python esphome/components/rp2040/generate_boards.py <arduino-pico-path>
+"""
+
+import json
+from pathlib import Path
+import re
+import sys
+
+from jinja2 import Environment, FileSystemLoader
+
+# Map arduino-pico pin defines to ESPHome-friendly names
+PIN_NAME_MAP = {
+    "LED": "LED",
+    "WIRE0_SDA": "SDA",
+    "WIRE0_SCL": "SCL",
+    "WIRE1_SDA": "SDA1",
+    "WIRE1_SCL": "SCL1",
+    "SPI0_MISO": "MISO",
+    "SPI0_MOSI": "MOSI",
+    "SPI0_SCK": "SCK",
+    "SPI0_SS": "SS",
+    "SERIAL1_TX": "TX",
+    "SERIAL1_RX": "RX",
+}
+
+# arduino-pico maps pins >= 64 to CYW43 wireless chip GPIOs (pin - 64)
+CYW43_GPIO_OFFSET = 64
+# CYW43 has 3 GPIOs: 0=LED, 1=VBUS_SENSE, 2=REG_ON
+CYW43_GPIO_COUNT = 3
+
+# Max GPIO pin per MCU (hardware specs from datasheets)
+MCU_MAX_PIN = {
+    "rp2040": 29,  # GPIO 0-29
+    "rp2350": 47,  # GPIO 0-47 (RP2350A)
+}
+DEFAULT_MAX_PIN = 29
+
+PIN_DEFINE_RE = re.compile(r"#define\s+PIN_(\w+)\s+\((\d+)u\)")
+
+
+def parse_variant_pins(variant_dir: Path) -> dict[str, int]:
+    """Parse pins_arduino.h and return mapped pin names."""
+    header = variant_dir / "pins_arduino.h"
+    if not header.exists():
+        return {}
+
+    pins = {}
+    for match in PIN_DEFINE_RE.finditer(header.read_text(encoding="utf-8")):
+        raw_name = match.group(1)
+        value = int(match.group(2))
+        if raw_name in PIN_NAME_MAP:
+            pins[PIN_NAME_MAP[raw_name]] = value
+    return pins
+
+
+def load_boards(arduino_pico_path: Path) -> tuple[dict, dict]:
+    """Load all board definitions and return (board_pins, boards) dicts."""
+    json_dir = arduino_pico_path / "tools" / "json"
+    variants_dir = arduino_pico_path / "variants"
+
+    board_pins = {}
+    boards = {}
+    variant_pins_cache: dict[str, dict[str, int]] = {}
+
+    for json_file in sorted(json_dir.glob("*.json")):
+        board_name = json_file.stem
+        with open(json_file, encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            data = json.load(f)
+
+        build = data.get("build", {})
+        mcu = build.get("mcu", "rp2040")
+        variant = build.get("variant", board_name)
+        name = data.get("name", board_name)
+        vendor = data.get("vendor", "")
+
+        display_name = f"{vendor} {name}".strip() if vendor else name
+
+        boards[board_name] = {
+            "name": display_name,
+            "mcu": mcu,
+            "max_pin": MCU_MAX_PIN.get(mcu, DEFAULT_MAX_PIN),
+        }
+
+        # Get pins for this variant
+        if variant not in variant_pins_cache:
+            variant_dir = variants_dir / variant
+            variant_pins_cache[variant] = parse_variant_pins(variant_dir)
+
+        pins = variant_pins_cache[variant]
+        if pins:
+            max_pin = boards[board_name]["max_pin"]
+            cyw43_max = CYW43_GPIO_OFFSET + CYW43_GPIO_COUNT - 1
+            # Filter out placeholder values (e.g. 99 = "not connected")
+            filtered = {
+                name: value
+                for name, value in pins.items()
+                if value <= max_pin or CYW43_GPIO_OFFSET <= value <= cyw43_max
+            }
+            if filtered:
+                board_pins[board_name] = filtered
+
+    # Compute max_virtual_pin per board from pin maps
+    for board_name, pins in board_pins.items():
+        if isinstance(pins, str):
+            continue
+        virtual_pins = [v for v in pins.values() if v >= CYW43_GPIO_OFFSET]
+        if virtual_pins and board_name in boards:
+            boards[board_name]["max_virtual_pin"] = max(virtual_pins)
+
+    # Deduplicate: if board pins match its variant's pins, use string alias
+    for board_name in list(board_pins.keys()):
+        if board_name not in boards:
+            continue
+        build_variant = _get_variant(json_dir / f"{board_name}.json")
+        if (
+            build_variant
+            and build_variant != board_name
+            and build_variant in board_pins
+            and board_pins[board_name] == board_pins[build_variant]
+        ):
+            board_pins[board_name] = build_variant
+
+    return board_pins, boards
+
+
+def _get_variant(json_file: Path) -> str | None:
+    """Get variant name from a board JSON file."""
+    if not json_file.exists():
+        return None
+    with open(json_file, encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        data = json.load(f)
+    return data.get("build", {}).get("variant")
+
+
+_TEMPLATE_DIR = Path(__file__).parent
+
+
+def _format_pins(pins: dict[str, int] | str) -> str:
+    """Jinja2 filter to format a pin dict or alias as Python source."""
+    if isinstance(pins, str):
+        return repr(pins)
+    items = ", ".join(f"{k!r}: {v}" for k, v in sorted(pins.items()))
+    return f"{{{items}}}"
+
+
+_jinja_env = Environment(
+    loader=FileSystemLoader(_TEMPLATE_DIR), keep_trailing_newline=True
+)
+_jinja_env.filters["format_pins"] = _format_pins
+_jinja_env.filters["repr"] = repr
+
+
+def generate(arduino_pico_path: Path) -> str:
+    """Generate boards.py content."""
+    board_pins, boards = load_boards(arduino_pico_path)
+
+    template = _jinja_env.get_template("boards.jinja2")
+    return template.render(
+        cyw43_gpio_offset=CYW43_GPIO_OFFSET,
+        cyw43_max_gpio=CYW43_GPIO_OFFSET + CYW43_GPIO_COUNT - 1,
+        default_max_pin=DEFAULT_MAX_PIN,
+        board_pins=sorted(board_pins.items()),
+        boards=sorted(boards.items()),
+    )
+
+
+def main():
+    if len(sys.argv) < 2:
+        print(f"Usage: {sys.argv[0]} <arduino-pico-path>", file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    arduino_pico_path = Path(sys.argv[1])
+    if not (arduino_pico_path / "tools" / "json").exists():
+        print(f"Error: {arduino_pico_path}/tools/json not found", file=sys.stderr)
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    output = generate(arduino_pico_path)
+    output_file = Path(__file__).parent / "boards.py"
+    output_file.write_text(output, encoding="utf-8")
+    print(f"Generated {output_file}")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/gpio.py b/esphome/components/rp2040/gpio.py
index 193e567d17..18fb09f76a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/gpio.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/gpio.py
@@ -54,19 +54,29 @@ def _translate_pin(value):
     return _lookup_pin(value)
 
 
+def _board_max_virtual_pin(board):
+    """Get the max CYW43 virtual pin for this board, or None if no virtual pins."""
+    return boards.BOARDS.get(board, {}).get("max_virtual_pin")
+
+
 def validate_gpio_pin(value):
     value = _translate_pin(value)
     board = CORE.data[KEY_RP2040][KEY_BOARD]
-    if board == "rpipicow" and value == 32:
-        return value  # Special case for Pico-w LED pin
-    if value < 0 or value > 29:
-        raise cv.Invalid(f"RP2040: Invalid pin number: {value}")
+    max_virtual = _board_max_virtual_pin(board)
+    if max_virtual is not None and boards.CYW43_GPIO_OFFSET <= value <= max_virtual:
+        return value
+    max_pin = boards.BOARDS.get(board, {}).get("max_pin", boards.DEFAULT_MAX_PIN)
+    if value < 0 or value > max_pin:
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {value} (max {max_pin} for this board)")
     return value
 
 
 def validate_supports(value):
     board = CORE.data[KEY_RP2040][KEY_BOARD]
-    if board != "rpipicow" or value[CONF_NUMBER] != 32:
+    if (
+        _board_max_virtual_pin(board) is None
+        or value[CONF_NUMBER] < boards.CYW43_GPIO_OFFSET
+    ):
         return value
     mode = value[CONF_MODE]
     is_input = mode[CONF_INPUT]
@@ -75,7 +85,7 @@ def validate_supports(value):
     is_pullup = mode[CONF_PULLUP]
     is_pulldown = mode[CONF_PULLDOWN]
     if not is_output or is_input or is_open_drain or is_pullup or is_pulldown:
-        raise cv.Invalid("Only output mode is supported for Pico-w LED pin")
+        raise cv.Invalid("Only output mode is supported for CYW43 virtual pins")
     return value
 
 
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/components/test_rp2040_generate_boards.py b/tests/unit_tests/components/test_rp2040_generate_boards.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2e40ed08ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/components/test_rp2040_generate_boards.py
@@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
+"""Tests for rp2040 generate_boards.py."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+from pathlib import Path
+import textwrap
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.components.rp2040.generate_boards import load_boards, parse_variant_pins
+
+PICO_PINS_HEADER = textwrap.dedent("""\
+    #pragma once
+    #define PIN_LED        (25u)
+    #define PIN_SERIAL1_TX (0u)
+    #define PIN_SERIAL1_RX (1u)
+    #define PIN_WIRE0_SDA  (4u)
+    #define PIN_WIRE0_SCL  (5u)
+    #define PIN_WIRE1_SDA  (26u)
+    #define PIN_WIRE1_SCL  (27u)
+    #define PIN_SPI0_MISO  (16u)
+    #define PIN_SPI0_MOSI  (19u)
+    #define PIN_SPI0_SCK   (18u)
+    #define PIN_SPI0_SS    (17u)
+    #include "../generic/common.h"
+""")
+
+PICOW_PINS_HEADER = textwrap.dedent("""\
+    #pragma once
+    #include <cyw43_wrappers.h>
+    #define PIN_LED        (64u)
+    #define PIN_WIRE0_SDA  (4u)
+    #define PIN_WIRE0_SCL  (5u)
+    #include "../generic/common.h"
+""")
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def arduino_pico(tmp_path: Path) -> Path:
+    """Create a minimal arduino-pico directory structure."""
+    json_dir = tmp_path / "tools" / "json"
+    json_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+    variants_dir = tmp_path / "variants"
+    variants_dir.mkdir()
+
+    generic_dir = variants_dir / "generic"
+    generic_dir.mkdir()
+    (generic_dir / "common.h").write_text("#pragma once\n")
+
+    return tmp_path
+
+
+def _add_board(
+    arduino_pico: Path,
+    board_name: str,
+    mcu: str = "rp2040",
+    variant: str | None = None,
+    vendor: str = "",
+    name: str | None = None,
+    pins_header: str | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Add a board JSON and variant to the fake arduino-pico tree."""
+    if variant is None:
+        variant = board_name
+    if name is None:
+        name = board_name
+
+    json_dir = arduino_pico / "tools" / "json"
+    variants_dir = arduino_pico / "variants"
+
+    board_json = {
+        "build": {
+            "mcu": mcu,
+            "variant": variant,
+        },
+        "name": name,
+        "vendor": vendor,
+    }
+    (json_dir / f"{board_name}.json").write_text(json.dumps(board_json))
+
+    variant_dir = variants_dir / variant
+    variant_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+    if pins_header is not None:
+        (variant_dir / "pins_arduino.h").write_text(pins_header)
+
+
+def test_parse_basic_pins(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    variant_dir = tmp_path / "rpipico"
+    variant_dir.mkdir()
+    (variant_dir / "pins_arduino.h").write_text(PICO_PINS_HEADER)
+
+    pins = parse_variant_pins(variant_dir)
+    assert pins["LED"] == 25
+    assert pins["SDA"] == 4
+    assert pins["SCL"] == 5
+    assert pins["SDA1"] == 26
+    assert pins["SCL1"] == 27
+    assert pins["MISO"] == 16
+    assert pins["MOSI"] == 19
+    assert pins["SCK"] == 18
+    assert pins["SS"] == 17
+    assert pins["TX"] == 0
+    assert pins["RX"] == 1
+
+
+def test_parse_cyw43_led_pin(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    variant_dir = tmp_path / "rpipicow"
+    variant_dir.mkdir()
+    (variant_dir / "pins_arduino.h").write_text(PICOW_PINS_HEADER)
+
+    pins = parse_variant_pins(variant_dir)
+    assert pins["LED"] == 64
+
+
+def test_parse_missing_header(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    variant_dir = tmp_path / "noheader"
+    variant_dir.mkdir()
+    assert parse_variant_pins(variant_dir) == {}
+
+
+def test_parse_unmapped_defines_ignored(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    variant_dir = tmp_path / "custom"
+    variant_dir.mkdir()
+    (variant_dir / "pins_arduino.h").write_text(
+        "#define PIN_NEOPIXEL (16u)\n#define PIN_LED (25u)\n"
+    )
+
+    pins = parse_variant_pins(variant_dir)
+    assert "NEOPIXEL" not in pins
+    assert pins["LED"] == 25
+
+
+def test_load_basic_board(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
+    _add_board(
+        arduino_pico,
+        "rpipico",
+        vendor="Raspberry Pi",
+        name="Pico",
+        pins_header=PICO_PINS_HEADER,
+    )
+
+    board_pins, boards = load_boards(arduino_pico)
+
+    assert "rpipico" in boards
+    assert boards["rpipico"]["name"] == "Raspberry Pi Pico"
+    assert boards["rpipico"]["mcu"] == "rp2040"
+    assert boards["rpipico"]["max_pin"] == 29
+
+    assert "rpipico" in board_pins
+    assert board_pins["rpipico"]["LED"] == 25
+    assert board_pins["rpipico"]["SDA"] == 4
+
+
+def test_load_rp2350_board(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
+    _add_board(
+        arduino_pico,
+        "rpipico2",
+        mcu="rp2350",
+        vendor="Raspberry Pi",
+        name="Pico 2",
+        pins_header=PICO_PINS_HEADER,
+    )
+
+    _, boards = load_boards(arduino_pico)
+
+    assert boards["rpipico2"]["mcu"] == "rp2350"
+    assert boards["rpipico2"]["max_pin"] == 47
+
+
+def test_cyw43_board_has_max_virtual_pin(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
+    _add_board(
+        arduino_pico,
+        "rpipicow",
+        vendor="Raspberry Pi",
+        name="Pico W",
+        pins_header=PICOW_PINS_HEADER,
+    )
+
+    _, boards = load_boards(arduino_pico)
+
+    assert boards["rpipicow"]["max_virtual_pin"] == 64
+
+
+def test_non_cyw43_board_has_no_max_virtual_pin(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
+    _add_board(
+        arduino_pico,
+        "rpipico",
+        vendor="Raspberry Pi",
+        name="Pico",
+        pins_header=PICO_PINS_HEADER,
+    )
+
+    _, boards = load_boards(arduino_pico)
+
+    assert "max_virtual_pin" not in boards["rpipico"]
+
+
+def test_board_without_variant_header(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
+    _add_board(arduino_pico, "novariant", name="No Variant")
+
+    board_pins, boards = load_boards(arduino_pico)
+
+    assert "novariant" in boards
+    assert "novariant" not in board_pins
+
+
+def test_shared_variant_deduplicates(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
+    """Two boards sharing the same variant should alias."""
+    _add_board(arduino_pico, "base_board", pins_header=PICO_PINS_HEADER)
+    _add_board(arduino_pico, "alias_board", variant="base_board")
+
+    board_pins, _ = load_boards(arduino_pico)
+
+    assert board_pins["base_board"] == parse_variant_pins(
+        arduino_pico / "variants" / "base_board"
+    )
+    assert board_pins["alias_board"] == "base_board"
+
+
+def test_display_name_with_vendor(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
+    _add_board(arduino_pico, "testboard", vendor="Acme", name="Widget")
+    _, boards = load_boards(arduino_pico)
+    assert boards["testboard"]["name"] == "Acme Widget"
+
+
+def test_display_name_without_vendor(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
+    _add_board(arduino_pico, "testboard", vendor="", name="Widget")
+    _, boards = load_boards(arduino_pico)
+    assert boards["testboard"]["name"] == "Widget"
+
+
+def test_unknown_mcu_gets_default_max_pin(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
+    _add_board(arduino_pico, "future", mcu="rp2450", pins_header=PICO_PINS_HEADER)
+    _, boards = load_boards(arduino_pico)
+    assert boards["future"]["max_pin"] == 29
+
+
+def test_placeholder_pins_filtered_out(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
+    """Pins with placeholder values like 99 should be filtered out."""
+    header = textwrap.dedent("""\
+        #pragma once
+        #define PIN_LED        (25u)
+        #define PIN_WIRE0_SDA  (4u)
+        #define PIN_WIRE0_SCL  (5u)
+        #define PIN_WIRE1_SDA  (99u)
+        #define PIN_WIRE1_SCL  (99u)
+    """)
+    _add_board(arduino_pico, "placeholder", pins_header=header)
+
+    board_pins, boards = load_boards(arduino_pico)
+
+    assert "SDA1" not in board_pins["placeholder"]
+    assert "SCL1" not in board_pins["placeholder"]
+    assert board_pins["placeholder"]["LED"] == 25
+    assert "max_virtual_pin" not in boards["placeholder"]
+
+
+def test_placeholder_pins_not_treated_as_virtual(arduino_pico: Path) -> None:
+    """Pin 99 should not cause max_virtual_pin to be set."""
+    header = textwrap.dedent("""\
+        #pragma once
+        #define PIN_LED        (64u)
+        #define PIN_WIRE0_SDA  (4u)
+        #define PIN_WIRE0_SCL  (5u)
+        #define PIN_SPI0_MISO  (99u)
+    """)
+    _add_board(arduino_pico, "badpin", pins_header=header)
+
+    board_pins, boards = load_boards(arduino_pico)
+
+    assert "MISO" not in board_pins["badpin"]
+    assert boards["badpin"]["max_virtual_pin"] == 64

From 82629c397f699af8b263e66e7cc904bebcc297d5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 2026 07:01:50 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 404/609] [hlk_fm22x] Fix oversized response rejection breaking
 GET_ALL_FACE_IDS (#14506)

---
 esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/hlk_fm22x.cpp | 22 ++++++++++------------
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/hlk_fm22x.cpp b/esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/hlk_fm22x.cpp
index 18d26f057a..7c7c8782de 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/hlk_fm22x.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/hlk_fm22x.cpp
@@ -133,24 +133,22 @@ void HlkFm22xComponent::recv_command_() {
   checksum ^= byte;
   length |= byte;
 
-  if (length > HLK_FM22X_MAX_RESPONSE_SIZE) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Response too large: %u bytes", length);
-    // Discard exactly the remaining payload and checksum for this frame
-    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < length + 1 && this->available() > 0; ++i)
-      this->read();
-    return;
-  }
-
+  // Read up to buffer size; discard excess bytes while still computing checksum
+  // GET_ALL_FACE_IDS can return all enrolled face data (hundreds of bytes)
+  // but handlers only need the first few bytes
+  size_t to_store = std::min(static_cast<size_t>(length), HLK_FM22X_MAX_RESPONSE_SIZE);
   for (uint16_t idx = 0; idx < length; ++idx) {
     byte = this->read();
     checksum ^= byte;
-    this->recv_buf_[idx] = byte;
+    if (idx < to_store) {
+      this->recv_buf_[idx] = byte;
+    }
   }
 
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
   char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(HLK_FM22X_MAX_RESPONSE_SIZE)];
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Recv type: 0x%.2X, data: %s", response_type,
-           format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, this->recv_buf_.data(), length));
+           format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, this->recv_buf_.data(), to_store));
 #endif
 
   byte = this->read();
@@ -160,10 +158,10 @@ void HlkFm22xComponent::recv_command_() {
   }
   switch (response_type) {
     case HlkFm22xResponseType::NOTE:
-      this->handle_note_(this->recv_buf_.data(), length);
+      this->handle_note_(this->recv_buf_.data(), to_store);
       break;
     case HlkFm22xResponseType::REPLY:
-      this->handle_reply_(this->recv_buf_.data(), length);
+      this->handle_reply_(this->recv_buf_.data(), to_store);
       break;
     default:
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unexpected response type: 0x%.2X", response_type);

From 6e3bc7b1ddb5b8ac91ecf0653087dc835264ca8c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 2026 07:33:05 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 405/609] [ci] Use pull_request_target for codeowner approved
 label workflow (#14561)

---
 .github/scripts/codeowners.js                 |  2 +-
 .../codeowner-approved-label-update.yml       | 63 +++++----------
 .../workflows/codeowner-approved-label.yml    | 78 -------------------
 3 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 122 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 .github/workflows/codeowner-approved-label.yml

diff --git a/.github/scripts/codeowners.js b/.github/scripts/codeowners.js
index 5d69c11b1a..9b2f2922c0 100644
--- a/.github/scripts/codeowners.js
+++ b/.github/scripts/codeowners.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 //
 // Used by:
 //   - codeowner-review-request.yml
-//   - codeowner-approved-label.yml + codeowner-approved-label-update.yml
+//   - codeowner-approved-label-update.yml
 //   - auto-label-pr/detectors.js (detectCodeOwner)
 
 /**
diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeowner-approved-label-update.yml b/.github/workflows/codeowner-approved-label-update.yml
index 9168cce1d6..c2eb886913 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/codeowner-approved-label-update.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeowner-approved-label-update.yml
@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
-# Fallback for fork PRs: phase 1 (codeowner-approved-label.yml) handles
-# non-fork PRs directly but can't write labels on fork PRs (read-only token).
-# This workflow re-determines the action and applies it if needed.
+# Adds/removes a 'code-owner-approved' label when a component-specific
+# codeowner approves (or dismisses) a PR.
+#
+# Uses pull_request_target so that fork PRs do not require workflow approval.
+# The label is reconciled on every PR update; for review events specifically,
+# this means the label is applied on the next push after a codeowner review.
 
-name: Codeowner Approved Label Update
+name: Codeowner Approved Label
 
 on:
-  workflow_run:
-    workflows: ["Codeowner Approved Label"]
-    types: [completed]
+  pull_request_target:
+    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened, ready_for_review]
 
 permissions:
   issues: write
@@ -15,51 +17,23 @@ permissions:
   contents: read
 
 jobs:
-  update-label:
+  codeowner-approved:
     name: Run
-    if: >
-      github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success' &&
-      github.event.workflow_run.event == 'pull_request_review'
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'esphome/esphome' }}
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - name: Get PR details
-        id: pr
-        env:
-          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
-          HEAD_SHA: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.head_sha }}
-          REPO: ${{ github.repository }}
-        run: |
-          pr_data=$(gh pr list --repo "$REPO" --state open --search "$HEAD_SHA" \
-            --json number,baseRefName --jq '.[0] // empty')
-
-          if [ -z "$pr_data" ]; then
-            echo "No open PR found for SHA $HEAD_SHA, skipping"
-            echo "skip=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-            exit 0
-          fi
-
-          pr_number=$(echo "$pr_data" | jq -r '.number')
-          base_ref=$(echo "$pr_data" | jq -r '.baseRefName')
-
-          echo "pr_number=$pr_number" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          echo "base_ref=$base_ref" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          echo "Found PR #$pr_number targeting $base_ref"
-
-      - name: Checkout base repository
-        if: steps.pr.outputs.skip != 'true'
+      - name: Checkout base branch
         uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
         with:
-          repository: ${{ github.repository }}
-          ref: ${{ steps.pr.outputs.base_ref }}
+          ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }}
           sparse-checkout: |
             .github/scripts/codeowners.js
             CODEOWNERS
 
-      - name: Update label
-        if: steps.pr.outputs.skip != 'true'
+      - name: Check codeowner approval and update label
         uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
         env:
-          PR_NUMBER: ${{ steps.pr.outputs.pr_number }}
+          PR_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
         with:
           script: |
             const { loadCodeowners, determineLabelAction, LabelAction } = require('./.github/scripts/codeowners.js');
@@ -76,6 +50,11 @@ jobs:
               github, owner, repo, pr_number, codeownersPatterns, LABEL_NAME
             );
 
+            if (action === LabelAction.NONE) {
+              console.log('No label change needed');
+              return;
+            }
+
             if (action === LabelAction.ADD) {
               await github.rest.issues.addLabels({
                 owner, repo, issue_number: pr_number, labels: [LABEL_NAME]
@@ -90,6 +69,4 @@ jobs:
               } catch (error) {
                 if (error.status !== 404) throw error;
               }
-            } else {
-              console.log('No label change needed');
             }
diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeowner-approved-label.yml b/.github/workflows/codeowner-approved-label.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index 12199bd0b0..0000000000
--- a/.github/workflows/codeowner-approved-label.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
-# Adds/removes a 'code-owner-approved' label when a component-specific
-# codeowner approves (or dismisses) a PR.
-#
-# Handles non-fork PRs directly. For fork PRs the GITHUB_TOKEN is read-only,
-# so label writes are deferred to codeowner-approved-label-update.yml which
-# triggers via workflow_run with write permissions.
-
-name: Codeowner Approved Label
-
-on:
-  pull_request_review:
-    types: [submitted, dismissed]
-
-permissions:
-  issues: write
-  pull-requests: read
-  contents: read
-
-jobs:
-  codeowner-approved:
-    name: Run
-    if: ${{ github.repository == 'esphome/esphome' }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout base branch
-        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
-        with:
-          ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }}
-          sparse-checkout: |
-            .github/scripts/codeowners.js
-            CODEOWNERS
-
-      - name: Check codeowner approval and update label
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
-        env:
-          PR_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { loadCodeowners, determineLabelAction, LabelAction } = require('./.github/scripts/codeowners.js');
-
-            const owner = context.repo.owner;
-            const repo = context.repo.repo;
-            const pr_number = parseInt(process.env.PR_NUMBER, 10);
-            const LABEL_NAME = 'code-owner-approved';
-
-            console.log(`Processing PR #${pr_number} for codeowner approval label`);
-
-            const codeownersPatterns = loadCodeowners();
-            const action = await determineLabelAction(
-              github, owner, repo, pr_number, codeownersPatterns, LABEL_NAME
-            );
-
-            if (action === LabelAction.NONE) {
-              console.log('No label change needed');
-              return;
-            }
-
-            try {
-              if (action === LabelAction.ADD) {
-                await github.rest.issues.addLabels({
-                  owner, repo, issue_number: pr_number, labels: [LABEL_NAME]
-                });
-                console.log(`Added '${LABEL_NAME}' label`);
-              } else if (action === LabelAction.REMOVE) {
-                await github.rest.issues.removeLabel({
-                  owner, repo, issue_number: pr_number, name: LABEL_NAME
-                });
-                console.log(`Removed '${LABEL_NAME}' label`);
-              }
-            } catch (error) {
-              if (error.status === 403) {
-                console.log('Fork PR: deferring label write to phase 2 workflow');
-              } else if (error.status === 404) {
-                console.log('Label already removed');
-              } else {
-                throw error;
-              }
-            }

From 65b7c73bf3fdbbe9260040b96e758561dc9be548 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 2026 08:02:34 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 406/609] [sgp4x] Fix undefined behavior from mutating entity
 config at runtime (#14562)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/sgp4x/sgp4x.cpp | 10 +++-------
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/sgp4x/sgp4x.cpp b/esphome/components/sgp4x/sgp4x.cpp
index 23589265ca..44d0a54080 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sgp4x/sgp4x.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sgp4x/sgp4x.cpp
@@ -35,13 +35,9 @@ void SGP4xComponent::setup() {
     this->self_test_time_ = SPG40_SELFTEST_TIME;
     this->measure_time_ = SGP40_MEASURE_TIME;
     if (this->nox_sensor_) {
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "SGP41 required for NOx");
-      // disable the sensor
-      this->nox_sensor_->set_disabled_by_default(true);
-      // make sure it's not visible in HA
-      this->nox_sensor_->set_internal(true);
-      this->nox_sensor_->state = NAN;
-      // remove pointer to sensor
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "SGP41 required for NOx, disabling NOx sensor");
+      // Drop the pointer so update() never publishes to it.
+      // The entity remains registered but will never receive state updates.
       this->nox_sensor_ = nullptr;
     }
   } else if (featureset == SGP41_FEATURESET) {

From b2378e830e947ecc8d79f197abf838868927053e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Rupprecht <rupprecht.thomas@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 2026 19:11:52 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 407/609] [rtttl] Add AudioStreamInfo and set volume (#14439)

Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@koston.org>
Co-authored-by: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.cpp | 40 ++++++++++--------------------
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.cpp b/esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.cpp
index 4ccfc539ea..9bf0450993 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.cpp
@@ -29,11 +29,6 @@ static constexpr uint8_t REPEATING_NOTE_GAP_MS = 10;
 static constexpr uint16_t SAMPLE_BUFFER_SIZE = 2048;
 static constexpr uint16_t SAMPLE_RATE = 16000;
 
-struct SpeakerSample {
-  int8_t left{0};
-  int8_t right{0};
-};
-
 inline double deg2rad(double degrees) {
   static constexpr double PI_ON_180 = M_PI / 180.0;
   return degrees * PI_ON_180;
@@ -108,6 +103,9 @@ void Rtttl::loop() {
       }
     } else if (this->state_ == State::INIT) {
       if (this->speaker_->is_stopped()) {
+        audio::AudioStreamInfo audio_stream_info = audio::AudioStreamInfo(16, 1, SAMPLE_RATE);
+        this->speaker_->set_audio_stream_info(audio_stream_info);
+        this->speaker_->set_volume(this->gain_);
         this->speaker_->start();
         this->set_state_(State::STARTING);
       }
@@ -120,35 +118,27 @@ void Rtttl::loop() {
       return;
     }
     if (this->samples_sent_ != this->samples_count_) {
-      SpeakerSample sample[SAMPLE_BUFFER_SIZE + 2];
+      int16_t sample[SAMPLE_BUFFER_SIZE];
       uint16_t sample_index = 0;
       double rem = 0.0;
 
-      while (true) {
+      while (sample_index < SAMPLE_BUFFER_SIZE && this->samples_sent_ < this->samples_count_) {
         // Try and send out the remainder of the existing note, one per `loop()`
         if (this->samples_per_wave_ != 0 && this->samples_sent_ >= this->samples_gap_) {  // Play note
           rem = ((this->samples_sent_ << 10) % this->samples_per_wave_) * (360.0 / this->samples_per_wave_);
-
-          int8_t val = (127 * this->gain_) * sin(deg2rad(rem));
-
-          sample[sample_index].left = val;
-          sample[sample_index].right = val;
+          sample[sample_index] = INT16_MAX * sin(deg2rad(rem));
         } else {
-          sample[sample_index].left = 0;
-          sample[sample_index].right = 0;
-        }
-
-        if (sample_index >= SAMPLE_BUFFER_SIZE || this->samples_sent_ >= this->samples_count_) {
-          break;
+          sample[sample_index] = 0;
         }
         this->samples_sent_++;
         sample_index++;
       }
       if (sample_index > 0) {
-        size_t bytes_to_send = sample_index * sizeof(SpeakerSample);
-        size_t send = this->speaker_->play((uint8_t *) (&sample), bytes_to_send);
-        if (send != bytes_to_send) {
-          this->samples_sent_ -= (sample_index - (send / sizeof(SpeakerSample)));
+        size_t bytes = sample_index * sizeof(int16_t);
+        size_t sent_bytes = this->speaker_->play((uint8_t *) (&sample), bytes);
+        size_t samples_sent = sent_bytes / sizeof(int16_t);
+        if (samples_sent != sample_index) {
+          this->samples_sent_ -= (sample_index - samples_sent);
         }
         return;
       }
@@ -408,11 +398,7 @@ void Rtttl::finish_() {
 
 #ifdef USE_SPEAKER
   if (this->speaker_ != nullptr) {
-    SpeakerSample sample[2];
-    sample[0].left = 0;
-    sample[0].right = 0;
-    sample[1].left = 0;
-    sample[1].right = 0;
+    int16_t sample[2] = {0, 0};
     this->speaker_->play((uint8_t *) (&sample), sizeof(sample));
     this->speaker_->finish();
     this->set_state_(State::STOPPING);

From 8a915dcbbed3af2e285dce91f32c03743310ca21 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 2026 08:34:27 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 408/609] [core] Move device class strings to PROGMEM on
 ESP8266 (#14443)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp     | 84 ++++++++++++++-----
 esphome/components/api/api_connection.h       | 34 ++------
 .../components/mqtt/mqtt_binary_sensor.cpp    |  6 +-
 esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_button.cpp       |  6 --
 esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.cpp    |  5 ++
 esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_cover.cpp        |  7 +-
 esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_event.cpp        |  7 --
 esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_number.cpp       |  4 -
 esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_sensor.cpp       |  5 --
 esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_text_sensor.cpp  |  6 --
 esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_valve.cpp        |  7 +-
 esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp  |  3 +-
 esphome/core/config.py                        |  6 ++
 esphome/core/entity_base.cpp                  | 37 +++++++-
 esphome/core/entity_base.h                    | 33 ++++++--
 esphome/core/entity_helpers.py                |  8 +-
 tests/unit_tests/core/test_entity_helpers.py  | 17 ++++
 17 files changed, 167 insertions(+), 108 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
index 98ba1abe0b..77920432c0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
@@ -396,6 +396,48 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::encode_message_to_buffer(ProtoMessage &msg, uint8_t mess
   return static_cast<uint16_t>(header_padding + calculated_size + footer_size);
 }
 
+uint16_t APIConnection::fill_and_encode_entity_info(EntityBase *entity, InfoResponseProtoMessage &msg,
+                                                    uint8_t message_type, APIConnection *conn,
+                                                    uint32_t remaining_size) {
+  // Set common fields that are shared by all entity types
+  msg.key = entity->get_object_id_hash();
+
+  // API 1.14+ clients compute object_id client-side from the entity name
+  // For older clients, we must send object_id for backward compatibility
+  // See: https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/76
+  // TODO: Remove this backward compat code before 2026.7.0 - all clients should support API 1.14 by then
+  // Buffer must remain in scope until encode_message_to_buffer is called
+  char object_id_buf[OBJECT_ID_MAX_LEN];
+  if (!conn->client_supports_api_version(1, 14)) {
+    msg.object_id = entity->get_object_id_to(object_id_buf);
+  }
+
+  if (entity->has_own_name()) {
+    msg.name = entity->get_name();
+  }
+
+  // Set common EntityBase properties
+#ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
+  char icon_buf[MAX_ICON_LENGTH];
+  msg.icon = StringRef(entity->get_icon_to(icon_buf));
+#endif
+  msg.disabled_by_default = entity->is_disabled_by_default();
+  msg.entity_category = static_cast<enums::EntityCategory>(entity->get_entity_category());
+#ifdef USE_DEVICES
+  msg.device_id = entity->get_device_id();
+#endif
+  return encode_message_to_buffer(msg, message_type, conn, remaining_size);
+}
+
+uint16_t APIConnection::fill_and_encode_entity_info_with_device_class(EntityBase *entity, InfoResponseProtoMessage &msg,
+                                                                      StringRef &device_class_field,
+                                                                      uint8_t message_type, APIConnection *conn,
+                                                                      uint32_t remaining_size) {
+  char dc_buf[MAX_DEVICE_CLASS_LENGTH];
+  device_class_field = StringRef(entity->get_device_class_to(dc_buf));
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(entity, msg, message_type, conn, remaining_size);
+}
+
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
 bool APIConnection::send_binary_sensor_state(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *binary_sensor) {
   return this->send_message_smart_(binary_sensor, BinarySensorStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE,
@@ -414,10 +456,9 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_binary_sensor_state(EntityBase *entity, APIConn
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_binary_sensor_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
   auto *binary_sensor = static_cast<binary_sensor::BinarySensor *>(entity);
   ListEntitiesBinarySensorResponse msg;
-  msg.device_class = binary_sensor->get_device_class_ref();
   msg.is_status_binary_sensor = binary_sensor->is_status_binary_sensor();
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(binary_sensor, msg, ListEntitiesBinarySensorResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn,
-                                     remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_info_with_device_class(
+      binary_sensor, msg, msg.device_class, ListEntitiesBinarySensorResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -443,8 +484,8 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_cover_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *c
   msg.supports_position = traits.get_supports_position();
   msg.supports_tilt = traits.get_supports_tilt();
   msg.supports_stop = traits.get_supports_stop();
-  msg.device_class = cover->get_device_class_ref();
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(cover, msg, ListEntitiesCoverResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_info_with_device_class(cover, msg, msg.device_class,
+                                                       ListEntitiesCoverResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 void APIConnection::on_cover_command_request(const CoverCommandRequest &msg) {
   ENTITY_COMMAND_MAKE_CALL(cover::Cover, cover, cover)
@@ -609,9 +650,9 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_sensor_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *
   msg.unit_of_measurement = sensor->get_unit_of_measurement_ref();
   msg.accuracy_decimals = sensor->get_accuracy_decimals();
   msg.force_update = sensor->get_force_update();
-  msg.device_class = sensor->get_device_class_ref();
   msg.state_class = static_cast<enums::SensorStateClass>(sensor->get_state_class());
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(sensor, msg, ListEntitiesSensorResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_info_with_device_class(sensor, msg, msg.device_class,
+                                                       ListEntitiesSensorResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -631,8 +672,8 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_switch_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *
   auto *a_switch = static_cast<switch_::Switch *>(entity);
   ListEntitiesSwitchResponse msg;
   msg.assumed_state = a_switch->assumed_state();
-  msg.device_class = a_switch->get_device_class_ref();
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(a_switch, msg, ListEntitiesSwitchResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_info_with_device_class(a_switch, msg, msg.device_class,
+                                                       ListEntitiesSwitchResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 void APIConnection::on_switch_command_request(const SwitchCommandRequest &msg) {
   ENTITY_COMMAND_GET(switch_::Switch, a_switch, switch)
@@ -661,9 +702,8 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_text_sensor_state(EntityBase *entity, APIConnec
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_text_sensor_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
   auto *text_sensor = static_cast<text_sensor::TextSensor *>(entity);
   ListEntitiesTextSensorResponse msg;
-  msg.device_class = text_sensor->get_device_class_ref();
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(text_sensor, msg, ListEntitiesTextSensorResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn,
-                                     remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_info_with_device_class(
+      text_sensor, msg, msg.device_class, ListEntitiesTextSensorResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -776,11 +816,11 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_number_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *
   ListEntitiesNumberResponse msg;
   msg.unit_of_measurement = number->get_unit_of_measurement_ref();
   msg.mode = static_cast<enums::NumberMode>(number->traits.get_mode());
-  msg.device_class = number->get_device_class_ref();
   msg.min_value = number->traits.get_min_value();
   msg.max_value = number->traits.get_max_value();
   msg.step = number->traits.get_step();
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(number, msg, ListEntitiesNumberResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_info_with_device_class(number, msg, msg.device_class,
+                                                       ListEntitiesNumberResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 void APIConnection::on_number_command_request(const NumberCommandRequest &msg) {
   ENTITY_COMMAND_MAKE_CALL(number::Number, number, number)
@@ -925,8 +965,8 @@ void APIConnection::on_select_command_request(const SelectCommandRequest &msg) {
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_button_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
   auto *button = static_cast<button::Button *>(entity);
   ListEntitiesButtonResponse msg;
-  msg.device_class = button->get_device_class_ref();
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(button, msg, ListEntitiesButtonResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_info_with_device_class(button, msg, msg.device_class,
+                                                       ListEntitiesButtonResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 void esphome::api::APIConnection::on_button_command_request(const ButtonCommandRequest &msg) {
   ENTITY_COMMAND_GET(button::Button, button, button)
@@ -986,11 +1026,11 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_valve_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *c
   auto *valve = static_cast<valve::Valve *>(entity);
   ListEntitiesValveResponse msg;
   auto traits = valve->get_traits();
-  msg.device_class = valve->get_device_class_ref();
   msg.assumed_state = traits.get_is_assumed_state();
   msg.supports_position = traits.get_supports_position();
   msg.supports_stop = traits.get_supports_stop();
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(valve, msg, ListEntitiesValveResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_info_with_device_class(valve, msg, msg.device_class,
+                                                       ListEntitiesValveResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 void APIConnection::on_valve_command_request(const ValveCommandRequest &msg) {
   ENTITY_COMMAND_MAKE_CALL(valve::Valve, valve, valve)
@@ -1434,9 +1474,9 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_event_response(event::Event *event, StringRef e
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_event_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
   auto *event = static_cast<event::Event *>(entity);
   ListEntitiesEventResponse msg;
-  msg.device_class = event->get_device_class_ref();
   msg.event_types = &event->get_event_types();
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(event, msg, ListEntitiesEventResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_info_with_device_class(event, msg, msg.device_class,
+                                                       ListEntitiesEventResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -1492,8 +1532,8 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_update_state(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_update_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
   auto *update = static_cast<update::UpdateEntity *>(entity);
   ListEntitiesUpdateResponse msg;
-  msg.device_class = update->get_device_class_ref();
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(update, msg, ListEntitiesUpdateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_info_with_device_class(update, msg, msg.device_class,
+                                                       ListEntitiesUpdateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 void APIConnection::on_update_command_request(const UpdateCommandRequest &msg) {
   ENTITY_COMMAND_GET(update::UpdateEntity, update, update)
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
index 88f0ef82d6..2c66a194a6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
@@ -334,36 +334,12 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 
   // Helper to fill entity info base and encode message
   static uint16_t fill_and_encode_entity_info(EntityBase *entity, InfoResponseProtoMessage &msg, uint8_t message_type,
-                                              APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
-    // Set common fields that are shared by all entity types
-    msg.key = entity->get_object_id_hash();
+                                              APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size);
 
-    // API 1.14+ clients compute object_id client-side from the entity name
-    // For older clients, we must send object_id for backward compatibility
-    // See: https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/76
-    // TODO: Remove this backward compat code before 2026.7.0 - all clients should support API 1.14 by then
-    // Buffer must remain in scope until encode_message_to_buffer is called
-    char object_id_buf[OBJECT_ID_MAX_LEN];
-    if (!conn->client_supports_api_version(1, 14)) {
-      msg.object_id = entity->get_object_id_to(object_id_buf);
-    }
-
-    if (entity->has_own_name()) {
-      msg.name = entity->get_name();
-    }
-
-    // Set common EntityBase properties
-#ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-    char icon_buf[MAX_ICON_LENGTH];
-    msg.icon = StringRef(entity->get_icon_to(icon_buf));
-#endif
-    msg.disabled_by_default = entity->is_disabled_by_default();
-    msg.entity_category = static_cast<enums::EntityCategory>(entity->get_entity_category());
-#ifdef USE_DEVICES
-    msg.device_id = entity->get_device_id();
-#endif
-    return encode_message_to_buffer(msg, message_type, conn, remaining_size);
-  }
+  // Wrapper for entity types that have a device_class field
+  static uint16_t fill_and_encode_entity_info_with_device_class(EntityBase *entity, InfoResponseProtoMessage &msg,
+                                                                StringRef &device_class_field, uint8_t message_type,
+                                                                APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size);
 
 #ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
   // Helper to check voice assistant validity and connection ownership
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_binary_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_binary_sensor.cpp
index 75995f61e0..ebb29db44f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_binary_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_binary_sensor.cpp
@@ -30,15 +30,11 @@ MQTTBinarySensorComponent::MQTTBinarySensorComponent(binary_sensor::BinarySensor
 
 void MQTTBinarySensorComponent::send_discovery(JsonObject root, mqtt::SendDiscoveryConfig &config) {
   // NOLINTBEGIN(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks) false positive with ArduinoJson
-  const auto device_class = this->binary_sensor_->get_device_class_ref();
-  if (!device_class.empty()) {
-    root[MQTT_DEVICE_CLASS] = device_class;
-  }
-  // NOLINTEND(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks)
   if (this->binary_sensor_->is_status_binary_sensor())
     root[MQTT_PAYLOAD_ON] = mqtt::global_mqtt_client->get_availability().payload_available;
   if (this->binary_sensor_->is_status_binary_sensor())
     root[MQTT_PAYLOAD_OFF] = mqtt::global_mqtt_client->get_availability().payload_not_available;
+  // NOLINTEND(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks)
   config.command_topic = false;
 }
 bool MQTTBinarySensorComponent::send_initial_state() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_button.cpp b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_button.cpp
index 718fe93016..7e0ae7d06e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_button.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_button.cpp
@@ -30,13 +30,7 @@ void MQTTButtonComponent::dump_config() {
 }
 
 void MQTTButtonComponent::send_discovery(JsonObject root, mqtt::SendDiscoveryConfig &config) {
-  // NOLINTBEGIN(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks) false positive with ArduinoJson
   config.state_topic = false;
-  const auto device_class = this->button_->get_device_class_ref();
-  if (!device_class.empty()) {
-    root[MQTT_DEVICE_CLASS] = device_class;
-  }
-  // NOLINTEND(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks)
 }
 
 MQTT_COMPONENT_TYPE(MQTTButtonComponent, "button")
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.cpp b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.cpp
index d31a78b090..afc514609c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.cpp
@@ -214,6 +214,11 @@ bool MQTTComponent::send_discovery_() {
         if (icon[0] != '\0') {
           root[MQTT_ICON] = icon;
         }
+        char dc_buf[MAX_DEVICE_CLASS_LENGTH];
+        const char *dc = this->get_entity()->get_device_class_to(dc_buf);
+        if (dc[0] != '\0') {
+          root[MQTT_DEVICE_CLASS] = dc;
+        }
 
         const auto entity_category = this->get_entity()->get_entity_category();
         if (entity_category != ENTITY_CATEGORY_NONE) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_cover.cpp b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_cover.cpp
index 9752004094..ddb4b2d69d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_cover.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_cover.cpp
@@ -91,12 +91,6 @@ void MQTTCoverComponent::dump_config() {
 }
 void MQTTCoverComponent::send_discovery(JsonObject root, mqtt::SendDiscoveryConfig &config) {
   // NOLINTBEGIN(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks) false positive with ArduinoJson
-  const auto device_class = this->cover_->get_device_class_ref();
-  if (!device_class.empty()) {
-    root[MQTT_DEVICE_CLASS] = device_class;
-  }
-  // NOLINTEND(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks)
-
   auto traits = this->cover_->get_traits();
   if (traits.get_is_assumed_state()) {
     root[MQTT_OPTIMISTIC] = true;
@@ -129,6 +123,7 @@ void MQTTCoverComponent::send_discovery(JsonObject root, mqtt::SendDiscoveryConf
       root[MQTT_TILT_COMMAND_TOPIC] = this->get_tilt_command_topic_to(topic_buf);
     }
   }
+  // NOLINTEND(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks)
   if (traits.get_supports_tilt() && !traits.get_supports_position()) {
     config.command_topic = false;
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_event.cpp b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_event.cpp
index 37d5c2551a..93ff6971b3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_event.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_event.cpp
@@ -20,13 +20,6 @@ void MQTTEventComponent::send_discovery(JsonObject root, mqtt::SendDiscoveryConf
   for (const auto &event_type : this->event_->get_event_types())
     event_types.add(event_type);
 
-  // NOLINTBEGIN(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks) false positive with ArduinoJson
-  const auto device_class = this->event_->get_device_class_ref();
-  if (!device_class.empty()) {
-    root[MQTT_DEVICE_CLASS] = device_class;
-  }
-  // NOLINTEND(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks)
-
   config.command_topic = false;
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_number.cpp b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_number.cpp
index a2734f2beb..b0bac8b3d7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_number.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_number.cpp
@@ -57,10 +57,6 @@ void MQTTNumberComponent::send_discovery(JsonObject root, mqtt::SendDiscoveryCon
     root[MQTT_MODE] =
         NumberMqttModeStrings::get_progmem_str(static_cast<uint8_t>(mode), static_cast<uint8_t>(NUMBER_MODE_BOX));
   }
-  const auto device_class = this->number_->get_device_class_ref();
-  if (!device_class.empty()) {
-    root[MQTT_DEVICE_CLASS] = device_class;
-  }
   // NOLINTEND(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks)
 
   config.command_topic = true;
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_sensor.cpp
index a7d311d194..c66465dd16 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_sensor.cpp
@@ -44,11 +44,6 @@ void MQTTSensorComponent::disable_expire_after() { this->expire_after_ = 0; }
 
 void MQTTSensorComponent::send_discovery(JsonObject root, mqtt::SendDiscoveryConfig &config) {
   // NOLINTBEGIN(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks) false positive with ArduinoJson
-  const auto device_class = this->sensor_->get_device_class_ref();
-  if (!device_class.empty()) {
-    root[MQTT_DEVICE_CLASS] = device_class;
-  }
-
   if (this->sensor_->has_accuracy_decimals()) {
     root[MQTT_SUGGESTED_DISPLAY_PRECISION] = this->sensor_->get_accuracy_decimals();
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_text_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_text_sensor.cpp
index a6b9f90b68..3acd71b50d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_text_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_text_sensor.cpp
@@ -14,12 +14,6 @@ using namespace esphome::text_sensor;
 
 MQTTTextSensor::MQTTTextSensor(TextSensor *sensor) : sensor_(sensor) {}
 void MQTTTextSensor::send_discovery(JsonObject root, mqtt::SendDiscoveryConfig &config) {
-  // NOLINTBEGIN(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks) false positive with ArduinoJson
-  const auto device_class = this->sensor_->get_device_class_ref();
-  if (!device_class.empty()) {
-    root[MQTT_DEVICE_CLASS] = device_class;
-  }
-  // NOLINTEND(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks)
   config.command_topic = false;
 }
 void MQTTTextSensor::setup() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_valve.cpp b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_valve.cpp
index 2b9f02858b..b155a4c897 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_valve.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_valve.cpp
@@ -64,12 +64,6 @@ void MQTTValveComponent::dump_config() {
 }
 void MQTTValveComponent::send_discovery(JsonObject root, mqtt::SendDiscoveryConfig &config) {
   // NOLINTBEGIN(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks) false positive with ArduinoJson
-  const auto device_class = this->valve_->get_device_class_ref();
-  if (!device_class.empty()) {
-    root[MQTT_DEVICE_CLASS] = device_class;
-  }
-  // NOLINTEND(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks)
-
   auto traits = this->valve_->get_traits();
   if (traits.get_is_assumed_state()) {
     root[MQTT_OPTIMISTIC] = true;
@@ -78,6 +72,7 @@ void MQTTValveComponent::send_discovery(JsonObject root, mqtt::SendDiscoveryConf
     root[MQTT_POSITION_TOPIC] = this->get_position_state_topic();
     root[MQTT_SET_POSITION_TOPIC] = this->get_position_command_topic();
   }
+  // NOLINTEND(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks)
 }
 
 MQTT_COMPONENT_TYPE(MQTTValveComponent, "valve")
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
index bc90c88e57..5590e67b82 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
@@ -2137,7 +2137,8 @@ json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::event_json_(event::Event *obj, StringRef
     for (const char *event_type : obj->get_event_types()) {
       event_types.add(event_type);
     }
-    root[ESPHOME_F("device_class")] = obj->get_device_class_ref();
+    char dc_buf[MAX_DEVICE_CLASS_LENGTH];
+    root[ESPHOME_F("device_class")] = obj->get_device_class_to(dc_buf);
     this->add_sorting_info_(root, obj);
   }
 
diff --git a/esphome/core/config.py b/esphome/core/config.py
index 8631726a02..d4a839cb79 100644
--- a/esphome/core/config.py
+++ b/esphome/core/config.py
@@ -223,6 +223,12 @@ else:
 # Keep in sync with ESPHOME_FRIENDLY_NAME_MAX_LEN in esphome/core/entity_base.h
 FRIENDLY_NAME_MAX_LEN = 120
 
+# Max device class string length (47 chars + null = 48-byte PROGMEM buffer)
+# Keep in sync with MAX_DEVICE_CLASS_LENGTH in esphome/core/entity_base.h:
+# DEVICE_CLASS_MAX_LENGTH == MAX_DEVICE_CLASS_LENGTH - 1 (C++ includes the null)
+DEVICE_CLASS_MAX_LENGTH = 47
+
+
 # Max icon string length (63 chars + null = 64-byte PROGMEM buffer)
 # Keep in sync with MAX_ICON_LENGTH in esphome/core/entity_base.h
 ICON_MAX_LENGTH = 63
diff --git a/esphome/core/entity_base.cpp b/esphome/core/entity_base.cpp
index 37e7fcc998..5c4e1c4445 100644
--- a/esphome/core/entity_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/entity_base.cpp
@@ -51,7 +51,27 @@ __attribute__((weak)) const char *entity_device_class_lookup(uint8_t) { return "
 __attribute__((weak)) const char *entity_uom_lookup(uint8_t) { return ""; }
 __attribute__((weak)) const char *entity_icon_lookup(uint8_t) { return ""; }
 
-// Entity device class (from index)
+// Entity device class — buffer-based API for PROGMEM safety on ESP8266
+const char *EntityBase::get_device_class_to([[maybe_unused]] std::span<char, MAX_DEVICE_CLASS_LENGTH> buffer) const {
+#ifdef USE_ENTITY_DEVICE_CLASS
+  const uint8_t idx = this->device_class_idx_;
+#else
+  const uint8_t idx = 0;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+  if (idx == 0)
+    return "";
+  const char *dc = entity_device_class_lookup(idx);
+  ESPHOME_strncpy_P(buffer.data(), dc, buffer.size() - 1);
+  buffer[buffer.size() - 1] = '\0';
+  return buffer.data();
+#else
+  return entity_device_class_lookup(idx);
+#endif
+}
+
+#ifndef USE_ESP8266
+// Deprecated device class accessors — not available on ESP8266 (rodata is RAM)
 StringRef EntityBase::get_device_class_ref() const {
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_DEVICE_CLASS
   return StringRef(entity_device_class_lookup(this->device_class_idx_));
@@ -59,7 +79,14 @@ StringRef EntityBase::get_device_class_ref() const {
   return StringRef(entity_device_class_lookup(0));
 #endif
 }
-std::string EntityBase::get_device_class() const { return std::string(this->get_device_class_ref().c_str()); }
+std::string EntityBase::get_device_class() const {
+#ifdef USE_ENTITY_DEVICE_CLASS
+  return std::string(entity_device_class_lookup(this->device_class_idx_));
+#else
+  return std::string(entity_device_class_lookup(0));
+#endif
+}
+#endif  // !USE_ESP8266
 
 // Entity unit of measurement (from index)
 StringRef EntityBase::get_unit_of_measurement_ref() const {
@@ -191,8 +218,10 @@ void log_entity_icon(const char *tag, const char *prefix, const EntityBase &obj)
 #endif
 
 void log_entity_device_class(const char *tag, const char *prefix, const EntityBase &obj) {
-  if (!obj.get_device_class_ref().empty()) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "%s  Device Class: '%s'", prefix, obj.get_device_class_ref().c_str());
+  char dc_buf[MAX_DEVICE_CLASS_LENGTH];
+  const char *dc = obj.get_device_class_to(dc_buf);
+  if (dc[0] != '\0') {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "%s  Device Class: '%s'", prefix, dc);
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/core/entity_base.h b/esphome/core/entity_base.h
index 1ce1e658e0..20eb68b67a 100644
--- a/esphome/core/entity_base.h
+++ b/esphome/core/entity_base.h
@@ -36,6 +36,11 @@ static constexpr size_t OBJECT_ID_MAX_LEN = 128;
 // Maximum state length that Home Assistant will accept without raising ValueError
 static constexpr size_t MAX_STATE_LEN = 255;
 
+// Maximum device class string buffer size (47 chars + null terminator)
+// Longest standard device class: "volatile_organic_compounds_parts" (32 chars)
+// Device classes are stored in PROGMEM; on ESP8266 they must be copied to a stack buffer.
+static constexpr size_t MAX_DEVICE_CLASS_LENGTH = 48;
+
 // Maximum icon string buffer size (63 chars + null terminator)
 // Icons are stored in PROGMEM; on ESP8266 they must be copied to a stack buffer.
 static constexpr size_t MAX_ICON_LENGTH = 64;
@@ -113,13 +118,31 @@ class EntityBase {
 #endif
   }
 
-  // Get device class as StringRef (from packed index)
+  // Get this entity's device class into a stack buffer.
+  // On non-ESP8266: returns pointer to PROGMEM string directly (buffer unused).
+  // On ESP8266: copies from PROGMEM to buffer, returns buffer pointer.
+  const char *get_device_class_to(std::span<char, MAX_DEVICE_CLASS_LENGTH> buffer) const;
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+  // On ESP8266, rodata is RAM. Device classes are in PROGMEM and cannot be accessed
+  // directly as const char*. Use get_device_class_to() with a stack buffer instead.
+  template<typename T = int> StringRef get_device_class_ref() const {
+    static_assert(sizeof(T) == 0, "get_device_class_ref() unavailable on ESP8266 (rodata is RAM). "
+                                  "Use get_device_class_to() with a stack buffer.");
+    return StringRef("");
+  }
+  template<typename T = int> std::string get_device_class() const {
+    static_assert(sizeof(T) == 0, "get_device_class() unavailable on ESP8266 (rodata is RAM). "
+                                  "Use get_device_class_to() with a stack buffer.");
+    return "";
+  }
+#else
+  // Deprecated: use get_device_class_to() instead. Device classes are in PROGMEM.
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Use get_device_class_to() instead. Will be removed in ESPHome 2026.9.0", "2026.3.0")
   StringRef get_device_class_ref() const;
-  /// Get the device class as std::string (deprecated, prefer get_device_class_ref())
-  ESPDEPRECATED("Use get_device_class_ref() instead for better performance (avoids string copy). Will be removed in "
-                "ESPHome 2026.9.0",
-                "2026.3.0")
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Use get_device_class_to() instead. Will be removed in ESPHome 2026.9.0", "2026.3.0")
   std::string get_device_class() const;
+#endif
   // Get unit of measurement as StringRef (from packed index)
   StringRef get_unit_of_measurement_ref() const;
   /// Get the unit of measurement as std::string (deprecated, prefer get_unit_of_measurement_ref())
diff --git a/esphome/core/entity_helpers.py b/esphome/core/entity_helpers.py
index 01fa27b833..a46d2466fd 100644
--- a/esphome/core/entity_helpers.py
+++ b/esphome/core/entity_helpers.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
-from esphome.core.config import ICON_MAX_LENGTH
+from esphome.core.config import DEVICE_CLASS_MAX_LENGTH, ICON_MAX_LENGTH
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, RawStatement, add, get_variable
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
 from esphome.helpers import cpp_string_escape, fnv1_hash_object_id, sanitize, snake_case
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ def _generate_category_code(
 
 
 _CATEGORY_CONFIGS = (
-    ("ENTITY_DC_TABLE", "entity_device_class_lookup", "device_classes", False),
+    ("ENTITY_DC_TABLE", "entity_device_class_lookup", "device_classes", True),
     ("ENTITY_UOM_TABLE", "entity_uom_lookup", "units", False),
     ("ENTITY_ICON_TABLE", "entity_icon_lookup", "icons", True),
 )
@@ -179,6 +179,10 @@ def _register_string(
 
 def register_device_class(value: str) -> int:
     """Register a device_class string and return its 1-based index."""
+    if value and len(value) > DEVICE_CLASS_MAX_LENGTH:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Device class string too long ({len(value)} chars, max {DEVICE_CLASS_MAX_LENGTH}): '{value}'"
+        )
     return _register_string(
         value, _get_pool().device_classes, _MAX_DEVICE_CLASSES, "device_class"
     )
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/core/test_entity_helpers.py b/tests/unit_tests/core/test_entity_helpers.py
index 79bc3095b9..1392a1d043 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/core/test_entity_helpers.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/core/test_entity_helpers.py
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
     _setup_entity_impl,
     entity_duplicate_validator,
     get_base_entity_object_id,
+    register_device_class,
     register_icon,
     setup_entity,
 )
@@ -926,6 +927,22 @@ def test_register_icon_max_length() -> None:
     assert register_icon("") == 0
 
 
+def test_register_device_class_max_length() -> None:
+    """Test register_device_class rejects device classes exceeding 47 characters."""
+    # 47 chars should succeed
+    max_dc = "a" * 47
+    idx = register_device_class(max_dc)
+    assert idx > 0
+
+    # 48 chars should fail
+    too_long = "a" * 48
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Device class string too long"):
+        register_device_class(too_long)
+
+    # Empty string returns 0
+    assert register_device_class("") == 0
+
+
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_setup_entity_with_entity_category(
     setup_test_environment: list[str],

From 9654140c00fecc7c86c554c7d733436c2505d2b5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 2026 14:00:46 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 409/609] [tm1638][rp2040_pio_led_strip][atm90e32] Fix bounds
 checks and off-by-one (#14559)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/atm90e32/atm90e32.cpp      |  4 +--
 .../rp2040_pio_led_strip/led_strip.cpp        |  2 +-
 esphome/components/tm1638/tm1638.cpp          | 29 ++++++++++---------
 3 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/atm90e32/atm90e32.cpp b/esphome/components/atm90e32/atm90e32.cpp
index 412964d0f8..ee7fe5ce75 100644
--- a/esphome/components/atm90e32/atm90e32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/atm90e32/atm90e32.cpp
@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ void ATM90E32Component::run_gain_calibrations() {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] Phase %s - Skipping voltage calibration: measured voltage is 0.", cs,
                phase_labels[phase]);
     } else {
-      uint32_t new_voltage_gain = static_cast<uint16_t>((ref_voltage / measured_voltage) * current_voltage_gain);
+      uint32_t new_voltage_gain = static_cast<uint32_t>((ref_voltage / measured_voltage) * current_voltage_gain);
       if (new_voltage_gain == 0) {
         ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] Phase %s - Voltage gain would be 0. Check reference and measured voltage.", cs,
                  phase_labels[phase]);
@@ -644,7 +644,7 @@ void ATM90E32Component::run_gain_calibrations() {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] Phase %s - Skipping current calibration: measured current is 0.", cs,
                phase_labels[phase]);
     } else {
-      uint32_t new_current_gain = static_cast<uint16_t>((ref_current / measured_current) * current_current_gain);
+      uint32_t new_current_gain = static_cast<uint32_t>((ref_current / measured_current) * current_current_gain);
       if (new_current_gain == 0) {
         ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION][%s] Phase %s - Current gain would be 0. Check reference and measured current.", cs,
                  phase_labels[phase]);
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/led_strip.cpp b/esphome/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/led_strip.cpp
index dc0d3c315a..fdb49fb3ef 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/led_strip.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/led_strip.cpp
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ void RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput::setup() {
   // but there are only 4 state machines on each PIO so we can only have 4 strips per PIO
   uint offset = 0;
 
-  if (RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput::num_instance_[this->pio_ == pio0 ? 0 : 1] > 4) {
+  if (RP2040PIOLEDStripLightOutput::num_instance_[this->pio_ == pio0 ? 0 : 1] >= 4) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Too many instances of PIO program");
     this->mark_failed();
     return;
diff --git a/esphome/components/tm1638/tm1638.cpp b/esphome/components/tm1638/tm1638.cpp
index 8ef546ff32..c67ff1adbc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tm1638/tm1638.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/tm1638/tm1638.cpp
@@ -147,35 +147,38 @@ void TM1638Component::set_intensity(uint8_t brightness_level) {
 
 uint8_t TM1638Component::print(uint8_t start_pos, const char *str) {
   uint8_t pos = start_pos;
-
   bool last_was_dot = false;
 
   for (; *str != '\0'; str++) {
     uint8_t data = TM1638_UNKNOWN_CHAR;
 
     if (*str >= ' ' && *str <= '~') {
-      data = progmem_read_byte(&TM1638Translation::SEVEN_SEG[*str - 32]);  // subract 32 to account for ASCII offset
-    } else if (data == TM1638_UNKNOWN_CHAR) {
+      // Subtract 32 to account for ASCII offset
+      data = progmem_read_byte(&TM1638Translation::SEVEN_SEG[*str - 32]);
+    } else {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Encountered character '%c' with no TM1638 representation while translating string!", *str);
     }
 
-    if (*str == '.')  // handle dots
-    {
-      if (pos != start_pos &&
-          !last_was_dot)  // if we are not at the first position, backup by one unless last char was a dot
-      {
+    if (*str == '.') {
+      // Merge dot onto previous character unless we're at the start or last was also a dot
+      if (pos != start_pos && !last_was_dot) {
         pos--;
       }
-      this->buffer_[pos] |= 0b10000000;  // turn on the dot on the previous position
-      last_was_dot = true;               // set a bit in case the next chracter is also a dot
-    } else                               // if not a dot, then just write the character to display
-    {
+      if (pos >= 8) {
+        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "TM1638 String is too long for the display!");
+        break;
+      }
+      // Turn on the dot on the previous position
+      this->buffer_[pos] |= 0b10000000;
+      last_was_dot = true;
+    } else {
+      // Not a dot, write the character to display
       if (pos >= 8) {
         ESP_LOGI(TAG, "TM1638 String is too long for the display!");
         break;
       }
       this->buffer_[pos] = data;
-      last_was_dot = false;  // clear dot tracking bit
+      last_was_dot = false;
     }
 
     pos++;

From 42dbb51022a61e07b26d82b6d348f470d2afa72f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 2026 09:03:54 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 410/609] [api] Devirtualize protobuf encode/calculate_size
 (#14449)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp     |  274 ++--
 esphome/components/api/api_connection.h       |   94 +-
 esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp            | 1436 ++++++++++-------
 esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h              |  352 ++--
 esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h      |    8 -
 esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp         |    8 +-
 esphome/components/api/api_server.h           |    2 +-
 esphome/components/api/list_entities.cpp      |    2 +-
 esphome/components/api/proto.h                |  421 +----
 .../bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_connection.cpp  |   21 +-
 .../bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.cpp       |   18 +-
 .../voice_assistant/voice_assistant.cpp       |   11 +-
 .../components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.cpp    |    6 +-
 script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py           |  107 +-
 14 files changed, 1373 insertions(+), 1387 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
index 77920432c0..8721072e49 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ void APIConnection::check_keepalive_(uint32_t now) {
     // Only send ping if we're not disconnecting
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Sending keepalive PING");
     PingRequest req;
-    this->flags_.sent_ping = this->send_message(req, PingRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+    this->flags_.sent_ping = this->send_message(req);
     if (!this->flags_.sent_ping) {
       // If we can't send the ping request directly (tx_buffer full),
       // schedule it at the front of the batch so it will be sent with priority
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ bool APIConnection::send_disconnect_response_() {
   this->log_client_(ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG, LOG_STR("disconnected"));
   this->flags_.next_close = true;
   DisconnectResponse resp;
-  return this->send_message(resp, DisconnectResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+  return this->send_message(resp);
 }
 void APIConnection::on_disconnect_response() {
   // Don't close socket here, let APIServer::loop() do it
@@ -344,61 +344,19 @@ void APIConnection::on_disconnect_response() {
   this->flags_.remove = true;
 }
 
-// Encodes a message to the buffer and returns the total number of bytes used,
-// including header and footer overhead. Returns 0 if the message doesn't fit.
-uint16_t APIConnection::encode_message_to_buffer(ProtoMessage &msg, uint8_t message_type, APIConnection *conn,
-                                                 uint32_t remaining_size) {
-#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-  // If in log-only mode, just log and return
-  if (conn->flags_.log_only_mode) {
-    DumpBuffer dump_buf;
-    conn->log_send_message_(msg.message_name(), msg.dump_to(dump_buf));
-    return 1;  // Return non-zero to indicate "success" for logging
-  }
+uint16_t APIConnection::fill_and_encode_entity_state(EntityBase *entity, StateResponseProtoMessage &msg,
+                                                     CalculateSizeFn size_fn, MessageEncodeFn encode_fn,
+                                                     APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
+  msg.key = entity->get_object_id_hash();
+#ifdef USE_DEVICES
+  msg.device_id = entity->get_device_id();
 #endif
-
-  // Calculate size
-  uint32_t calculated_size = msg.calculated_size();
-
-  // Cache frame sizes to avoid repeated virtual calls
-  const uint8_t header_padding = conn->helper_->frame_header_padding();
-  const uint8_t footer_size = conn->helper_->frame_footer_size();
-
-  // Calculate total size with padding for buffer allocation
-  size_t total_calculated_size = calculated_size + header_padding + footer_size;
-
-  // Check if it fits
-  if (total_calculated_size > remaining_size) {
-    return 0;  // Doesn't fit
-  }
-
-  // Get buffer size after allocation (which includes header padding)
-  std::vector<uint8_t> &shared_buf = conn->parent_->get_shared_buffer_ref();
-
-  if (conn->flags_.batch_first_message) {
-    // First message - buffer already prepared by caller, just clear flag
-    conn->flags_.batch_first_message = false;
-  } else {
-    // Batch message second or later
-    // Add padding for previous message footer + this message header
-    size_t current_size = shared_buf.size();
-    shared_buf.reserve(current_size + total_calculated_size);
-    shared_buf.resize(current_size + footer_size + header_padding);
-  }
-
-  // Pre-resize buffer to include payload, then encode through raw pointer
-  size_t write_start = shared_buf.size();
-  shared_buf.resize(write_start + calculated_size);
-  ProtoWriteBuffer buffer{&shared_buf, write_start};
-  msg.encode(buffer);
-
-  // Return total size (header + payload + footer)
-  return static_cast<uint16_t>(header_padding + calculated_size + footer_size);
+  return encode_to_buffer(size_fn(&msg), encode_fn, &msg, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 
 uint16_t APIConnection::fill_and_encode_entity_info(EntityBase *entity, InfoResponseProtoMessage &msg,
-                                                    uint8_t message_type, APIConnection *conn,
-                                                    uint32_t remaining_size) {
+                                                    CalculateSizeFn size_fn, MessageEncodeFn encode_fn,
+                                                    APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
   // Set common fields that are shared by all entity types
   msg.key = entity->get_object_id_hash();
 
@@ -406,7 +364,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::fill_and_encode_entity_info(EntityBase *entity, InfoResp
   // For older clients, we must send object_id for backward compatibility
   // See: https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/76
   // TODO: Remove this backward compat code before 2026.7.0 - all clients should support API 1.14 by then
-  // Buffer must remain in scope until encode_message_to_buffer is called
+  // Buffer must remain in scope until encode_to_buffer is called
   char object_id_buf[OBJECT_ID_MAX_LEN];
   if (!conn->client_supports_api_version(1, 14)) {
     msg.object_id = entity->get_object_id_to(object_id_buf);
@@ -426,16 +384,17 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::fill_and_encode_entity_info(EntityBase *entity, InfoResp
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   msg.device_id = entity->get_device_id();
 #endif
-  return encode_message_to_buffer(msg, message_type, conn, remaining_size);
+  return encode_to_buffer(size_fn(&msg), encode_fn, &msg, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 
 uint16_t APIConnection::fill_and_encode_entity_info_with_device_class(EntityBase *entity, InfoResponseProtoMessage &msg,
                                                                       StringRef &device_class_field,
-                                                                      uint8_t message_type, APIConnection *conn,
+                                                                      CalculateSizeFn size_fn,
+                                                                      MessageEncodeFn encode_fn, APIConnection *conn,
                                                                       uint32_t remaining_size) {
   char dc_buf[MAX_DEVICE_CLASS_LENGTH];
   device_class_field = StringRef(entity->get_device_class_to(dc_buf));
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(entity, msg, message_type, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(entity, msg, size_fn, encode_fn, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
@@ -449,16 +408,14 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_binary_sensor_state(EntityBase *entity, APIConn
   BinarySensorStateResponse resp;
   resp.state = binary_sensor->state;
   resp.missing_state = !binary_sensor->has_state();
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(binary_sensor, resp, BinarySensorStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn,
-                                      remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(binary_sensor, resp, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_binary_sensor_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
   auto *binary_sensor = static_cast<binary_sensor::BinarySensor *>(entity);
   ListEntitiesBinarySensorResponse msg;
   msg.is_status_binary_sensor = binary_sensor->is_status_binary_sensor();
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_info_with_device_class(
-      binary_sensor, msg, msg.device_class, ListEntitiesBinarySensorResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_info_with_device_class(binary_sensor, msg, msg.device_class, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -474,7 +431,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_cover_state(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *
   if (traits.get_supports_tilt())
     msg.tilt = cover->tilt;
   msg.current_operation = static_cast<enums::CoverOperation>(cover->current_operation);
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(cover, msg, CoverStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(cover, msg, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_cover_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
   auto *cover = static_cast<cover::Cover *>(entity);
@@ -484,8 +441,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_cover_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *c
   msg.supports_position = traits.get_supports_position();
   msg.supports_tilt = traits.get_supports_tilt();
   msg.supports_stop = traits.get_supports_stop();
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_info_with_device_class(cover, msg, msg.device_class,
-                                                       ListEntitiesCoverResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_info_with_device_class(cover, msg, msg.device_class, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 void APIConnection::on_cover_command_request(const CoverCommandRequest &msg) {
   ENTITY_COMMAND_MAKE_CALL(cover::Cover, cover, cover)
@@ -517,7 +473,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_fan_state(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *co
     msg.direction = static_cast<enums::FanDirection>(fan->direction);
   if (traits.supports_preset_modes() && fan->has_preset_mode())
     msg.preset_mode = fan->get_preset_mode();
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(fan, msg, FanStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(fan, msg, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_fan_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
   auto *fan = static_cast<fan::Fan *>(entity);
@@ -528,7 +484,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_fan_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *con
   msg.supports_direction = traits.supports_direction();
   msg.supported_speed_count = traits.supported_speed_count();
   msg.supported_preset_modes = &traits.supported_preset_modes();
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(fan, msg, ListEntitiesFanResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(fan, msg, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 void APIConnection::on_fan_command_request(const FanCommandRequest &msg) {
   ENTITY_COMMAND_MAKE_CALL(fan::Fan, fan, fan)
@@ -571,7 +527,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_light_state(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *
   if (light->supports_effects()) {
     resp.effect = light->get_effect_name();
   }
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(light, resp, LightStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(light, resp, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_light_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
   auto *light = static_cast<light::LightState *>(entity);
@@ -596,7 +552,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_light_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *c
     }
   }
   msg.effects = &effects_list;
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(light, msg, ListEntitiesLightResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(light, msg, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 void APIConnection::on_light_command_request(const LightCommandRequest &msg) {
   ENTITY_COMMAND_MAKE_CALL(light::LightState, light, light)
@@ -641,7 +597,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_sensor_state(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection
   SensorStateResponse resp;
   resp.state = sensor->state;
   resp.missing_state = !sensor->has_state();
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(sensor, resp, SensorStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(sensor, resp, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_sensor_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
@@ -651,8 +607,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_sensor_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *
   msg.accuracy_decimals = sensor->get_accuracy_decimals();
   msg.force_update = sensor->get_force_update();
   msg.state_class = static_cast<enums::SensorStateClass>(sensor->get_state_class());
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_info_with_device_class(sensor, msg, msg.device_class,
-                                                       ListEntitiesSensorResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_info_with_device_class(sensor, msg, msg.device_class, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -665,15 +620,14 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_switch_state(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection
   auto *a_switch = static_cast<switch_::Switch *>(entity);
   SwitchStateResponse resp;
   resp.state = a_switch->state;
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(a_switch, resp, SwitchStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(a_switch, resp, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_switch_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
   auto *a_switch = static_cast<switch_::Switch *>(entity);
   ListEntitiesSwitchResponse msg;
   msg.assumed_state = a_switch->assumed_state();
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_info_with_device_class(a_switch, msg, msg.device_class,
-                                                       ListEntitiesSwitchResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_info_with_device_class(a_switch, msg, msg.device_class, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 void APIConnection::on_switch_command_request(const SwitchCommandRequest &msg) {
   ENTITY_COMMAND_GET(switch_::Switch, a_switch, switch)
@@ -697,13 +651,12 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_text_sensor_state(EntityBase *entity, APIConnec
   TextSensorStateResponse resp;
   resp.state = StringRef(text_sensor->state);
   resp.missing_state = !text_sensor->has_state();
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(text_sensor, resp, TextSensorStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(text_sensor, resp, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_text_sensor_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
   auto *text_sensor = static_cast<text_sensor::TextSensor *>(entity);
   ListEntitiesTextSensorResponse msg;
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_info_with_device_class(
-      text_sensor, msg, msg.device_class, ListEntitiesTextSensorResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_info_with_device_class(text_sensor, msg, msg.device_class, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -743,7 +696,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_climate_state(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection
     resp.current_humidity = climate->current_humidity;
   if (traits.has_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_TARGET_HUMIDITY))
     resp.target_humidity = climate->target_humidity;
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(climate, resp, ClimateStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(climate, resp, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_climate_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
   auto *climate = static_cast<climate::Climate *>(entity);
@@ -770,7 +723,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_climate_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection
   msg.supported_presets = &traits.get_supported_presets();
   msg.supported_custom_presets = &traits.get_supported_custom_presets();
   msg.supported_swing_modes = &traits.get_supported_swing_modes();
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(climate, msg, ListEntitiesClimateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(climate, msg, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 void APIConnection::on_climate_command_request(const ClimateCommandRequest &msg) {
   ENTITY_COMMAND_MAKE_CALL(climate::Climate, climate, climate)
@@ -808,7 +761,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_number_state(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection
   NumberStateResponse resp;
   resp.state = number->state;
   resp.missing_state = !number->has_state();
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(number, resp, NumberStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(number, resp, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_number_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
@@ -819,8 +772,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_number_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *
   msg.min_value = number->traits.get_min_value();
   msg.max_value = number->traits.get_max_value();
   msg.step = number->traits.get_step();
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_info_with_device_class(number, msg, msg.device_class,
-                                                       ListEntitiesNumberResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_info_with_device_class(number, msg, msg.device_class, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 void APIConnection::on_number_command_request(const NumberCommandRequest &msg) {
   ENTITY_COMMAND_MAKE_CALL(number::Number, number, number)
@@ -840,12 +792,12 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_date_state(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *c
   resp.year = date->year;
   resp.month = date->month;
   resp.day = date->day;
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(date, resp, DateStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(date, resp, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_date_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
   auto *date = static_cast<datetime::DateEntity *>(entity);
   ListEntitiesDateResponse msg;
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(date, msg, ListEntitiesDateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(date, msg, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 void APIConnection::on_date_command_request(const DateCommandRequest &msg) {
   ENTITY_COMMAND_MAKE_CALL(datetime::DateEntity, date, date)
@@ -865,12 +817,12 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_time_state(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *c
   resp.hour = time->hour;
   resp.minute = time->minute;
   resp.second = time->second;
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(time, resp, TimeStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(time, resp, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_time_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
   auto *time = static_cast<datetime::TimeEntity *>(entity);
   ListEntitiesTimeResponse msg;
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(time, msg, ListEntitiesTimeResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(time, msg, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 void APIConnection::on_time_command_request(const TimeCommandRequest &msg) {
   ENTITY_COMMAND_MAKE_CALL(datetime::TimeEntity, time, time)
@@ -892,12 +844,12 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_datetime_state(EntityBase *entity, APIConnectio
     ESPTime state = datetime->state_as_esptime();
     resp.epoch_seconds = state.timestamp;
   }
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(datetime, resp, DateTimeStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(datetime, resp, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_datetime_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
   auto *datetime = static_cast<datetime::DateTimeEntity *>(entity);
   ListEntitiesDateTimeResponse msg;
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(datetime, msg, ListEntitiesDateTimeResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(datetime, msg, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 void APIConnection::on_date_time_command_request(const DateTimeCommandRequest &msg) {
   ENTITY_COMMAND_MAKE_CALL(datetime::DateTimeEntity, datetime, datetime)
@@ -916,7 +868,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_text_state(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *c
   TextStateResponse resp;
   resp.state = StringRef(text->state);
   resp.missing_state = !text->has_state();
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(text, resp, TextStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(text, resp, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_text_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
@@ -926,7 +878,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_text_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *co
   msg.min_length = text->traits.get_min_length();
   msg.max_length = text->traits.get_max_length();
   msg.pattern = text->traits.get_pattern_ref();
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(text, msg, ListEntitiesTextResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(text, msg, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 void APIConnection::on_text_command_request(const TextCommandRequest &msg) {
   ENTITY_COMMAND_MAKE_CALL(text::Text, text, text)
@@ -945,14 +897,14 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_select_state(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection
   SelectStateResponse resp;
   resp.state = select->current_option();
   resp.missing_state = !select->has_state();
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(select, resp, SelectStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(select, resp, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_select_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
   auto *select = static_cast<select::Select *>(entity);
   ListEntitiesSelectResponse msg;
   msg.options = &select->traits.get_options();
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(select, msg, ListEntitiesSelectResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(select, msg, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 void APIConnection::on_select_command_request(const SelectCommandRequest &msg) {
   ENTITY_COMMAND_MAKE_CALL(select::Select, select, select)
@@ -965,8 +917,7 @@ void APIConnection::on_select_command_request(const SelectCommandRequest &msg) {
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_button_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
   auto *button = static_cast<button::Button *>(entity);
   ListEntitiesButtonResponse msg;
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_info_with_device_class(button, msg, msg.device_class,
-                                                       ListEntitiesButtonResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_info_with_device_class(button, msg, msg.device_class, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 void esphome::api::APIConnection::on_button_command_request(const ButtonCommandRequest &msg) {
   ENTITY_COMMAND_GET(button::Button, button, button)
@@ -983,7 +934,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_lock_state(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *c
   auto *a_lock = static_cast<lock::Lock *>(entity);
   LockStateResponse resp;
   resp.state = static_cast<enums::LockState>(a_lock->state);
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(a_lock, resp, LockStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(a_lock, resp, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_lock_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
@@ -992,7 +943,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_lock_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *co
   msg.assumed_state = a_lock->traits.get_assumed_state();
   msg.supports_open = a_lock->traits.get_supports_open();
   msg.requires_code = a_lock->traits.get_requires_code();
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(a_lock, msg, ListEntitiesLockResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(a_lock, msg, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 void APIConnection::on_lock_command_request(const LockCommandRequest &msg) {
   ENTITY_COMMAND_GET(lock::Lock, a_lock, lock)
@@ -1020,7 +971,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_valve_state(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *
   ValveStateResponse resp;
   resp.position = valve->position;
   resp.current_operation = static_cast<enums::ValveOperation>(valve->current_operation);
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(valve, resp, ValveStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(valve, resp, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_valve_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
   auto *valve = static_cast<valve::Valve *>(entity);
@@ -1029,8 +980,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_valve_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *c
   msg.assumed_state = traits.get_is_assumed_state();
   msg.supports_position = traits.get_supports_position();
   msg.supports_stop = traits.get_supports_stop();
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_info_with_device_class(valve, msg, msg.device_class,
-                                                       ListEntitiesValveResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_info_with_device_class(valve, msg, msg.device_class, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 void APIConnection::on_valve_command_request(const ValveCommandRequest &msg) {
   ENTITY_COMMAND_MAKE_CALL(valve::Valve, valve, valve)
@@ -1056,7 +1006,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_media_player_state(EntityBase *entity, APIConne
   resp.state = static_cast<enums::MediaPlayerState>(report_state);
   resp.volume = media_player->volume;
   resp.muted = media_player->is_muted();
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(media_player, resp, MediaPlayerStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(media_player, resp, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_media_player_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
   auto *media_player = static_cast<media_player::MediaPlayer *>(entity);
@@ -1073,8 +1023,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_media_player_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnec
     media_format.purpose = static_cast<enums::MediaPlayerFormatPurpose>(supported_format.purpose);
     media_format.sample_bytes = supported_format.sample_bytes;
   }
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(media_player, msg, ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn,
-                                     remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(media_player, msg, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 void APIConnection::on_media_player_command_request(const MediaPlayerCommandRequest &msg) {
   ENTITY_COMMAND_MAKE_CALL(media_player::MediaPlayer, media_player, media_player)
@@ -1115,7 +1064,7 @@ void APIConnection::try_send_camera_image_() {
     msg.device_id = camera::Camera::instance()->get_device_id();
 #endif
 
-    if (!this->send_message_impl(msg, CameraImageResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE)) {
+    if (!this->send_message(msg)) {
       return;  // Send failed, try again later
     }
     this->image_reader_->consume_data(to_send);
@@ -1141,7 +1090,7 @@ void APIConnection::set_camera_state(std::shared_ptr<camera::CameraImage> image)
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_camera_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
   auto *camera = static_cast<camera::Camera *>(entity);
   ListEntitiesCameraResponse msg;
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(camera, msg, ListEntitiesCameraResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(camera, msg, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 void APIConnection::on_camera_image_request(const CameraImageRequest &msg) {
   if (camera::Camera::instance() == nullptr)
@@ -1296,7 +1245,7 @@ void APIConnection::on_voice_assistant_announce_request(const VoiceAssistantAnno
 bool APIConnection::send_voice_assistant_get_configuration_response_(const VoiceAssistantConfigurationRequest &msg) {
   VoiceAssistantConfigurationResponse resp;
   if (!this->check_voice_assistant_api_connection_()) {
-    return this->send_message(resp, VoiceAssistantConfigurationResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+    return this->send_message(resp);
   }
 
   auto &config = voice_assistant::global_voice_assistant->get_configuration();
@@ -1328,7 +1277,7 @@ bool APIConnection::send_voice_assistant_get_configuration_response_(const Voice
 
   resp.active_wake_words = &config.active_wake_words;
   resp.max_active_wake_words = config.max_active_wake_words;
-  return this->send_message(resp, VoiceAssistantConfigurationResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+  return this->send_message(resp);
 }
 void APIConnection::on_voice_assistant_configuration_request(const VoiceAssistantConfigurationRequest &msg) {
   if (!this->send_voice_assistant_get_configuration_response_(msg)) {
@@ -1363,8 +1312,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_alarm_control_panel_state(EntityBase *entity, A
   auto *a_alarm_control_panel = static_cast<alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanel *>(entity);
   AlarmControlPanelStateResponse resp;
   resp.state = static_cast<enums::AlarmControlPanelState>(a_alarm_control_panel->get_state());
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(a_alarm_control_panel, resp, AlarmControlPanelStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn,
-                                      remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(a_alarm_control_panel, resp, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_alarm_control_panel_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn,
                                                           uint32_t remaining_size) {
@@ -1373,8 +1321,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_alarm_control_panel_info(EntityBase *entity, AP
   msg.supported_features = a_alarm_control_panel->get_supported_features();
   msg.requires_code = a_alarm_control_panel->get_requires_code();
   msg.requires_code_to_arm = a_alarm_control_panel->get_requires_code_to_arm();
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(a_alarm_control_panel, msg, ListEntitiesAlarmControlPanelResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE,
-                                     conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(a_alarm_control_panel, msg, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 void APIConnection::on_alarm_control_panel_command_request(const AlarmControlPanelCommandRequest &msg) {
   ENTITY_COMMAND_MAKE_CALL(alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanel, a_alarm_control_panel, alarm_control_panel)
@@ -1421,7 +1368,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_water_heater_state(EntityBase *entity, APIConne
   resp.target_temperature_high = wh->get_target_temperature_high();
   resp.state = wh->get_state();
 
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(wh, resp, WaterHeaterStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(wh, resp, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_water_heater_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
   auto *wh = static_cast<water_heater::WaterHeater *>(entity);
@@ -1432,7 +1379,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_water_heater_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnec
   msg.target_temperature_step = traits.get_target_temperature_step();
   msg.supported_modes = &traits.get_supported_modes();
   msg.supported_features = traits.get_feature_flags();
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(wh, msg, ListEntitiesWaterHeaterResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(wh, msg, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 
 void APIConnection::on_water_heater_command_request(const WaterHeaterCommandRequest &msg) {
@@ -1468,15 +1415,14 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_event_response(event::Event *event, StringRef e
                                                 uint32_t remaining_size) {
   EventResponse resp;
   resp.event_type = event_type;
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(event, resp, EventResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(event, resp, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_event_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
   auto *event = static_cast<event::Event *>(entity);
   ListEntitiesEventResponse msg;
   msg.event_types = &event->get_event_types();
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_info_with_device_class(event, msg, msg.device_class,
-                                                       ListEntitiesEventResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_info_with_device_class(event, msg, msg.device_class, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -1493,9 +1439,7 @@ void APIConnection::on_infrared_rf_transmit_raw_timings_request(const InfraredRF
 #endif
 }
 
-void APIConnection::send_infrared_rf_receive_event(const InfraredRFReceiveEvent &msg) {
-  this->send_message(msg, InfraredRFReceiveEvent::MESSAGE_TYPE);
-}
+void APIConnection::send_infrared_rf_receive_event(const InfraredRFReceiveEvent &msg) { this->send_message(msg); }
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_INFRARED
@@ -1503,7 +1447,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_infrared_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection
   auto *infrared = static_cast<infrared::Infrared *>(entity);
   ListEntitiesInfraredResponse msg;
   msg.capabilities = infrared->get_capability_flags();
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(infrared, msg, ListEntitiesInfraredResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(infrared, msg, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -1527,13 +1471,12 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_update_state(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection
     resp.release_summary = StringRef(update->update_info.summary);
     resp.release_url = StringRef(update->update_info.release_url);
   }
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(update, resp, UpdateStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_state(update, resp, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_update_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
   auto *update = static_cast<update::UpdateEntity *>(entity);
   ListEntitiesUpdateResponse msg;
-  return fill_and_encode_entity_info_with_device_class(update, msg, msg.device_class,
-                                                       ListEntitiesUpdateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_info_with_device_class(update, msg, msg.device_class, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 void APIConnection::on_update_command_request(const UpdateCommandRequest &msg) {
   ENTITY_COMMAND_GET(update::UpdateEntity, update, update)
@@ -1559,7 +1502,7 @@ bool APIConnection::try_send_log_message(int level, const char *tag, const char
   SubscribeLogsResponse msg;
   msg.level = static_cast<enums::LogLevel>(level);
   msg.set_message(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(line), message_len);
-  return this->send_message_impl(msg, SubscribeLogsResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+  return this->send_message(msg);
 }
 
 void APIConnection::complete_authentication_() {
@@ -1616,12 +1559,12 @@ bool APIConnection::send_hello_response_(const HelloRequest &msg) {
   // Auto-authenticate - password auth was removed in ESPHome 2026.1.0
   this->complete_authentication_();
 
-  return this->send_message(resp, HelloResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+  return this->send_message(resp);
 }
 
 bool APIConnection::send_ping_response_() {
   PingResponse resp;
-  return this->send_message(resp, PingResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+  return this->send_message(resp);
 }
 
 bool APIConnection::send_device_info_response_() {
@@ -1745,7 +1688,7 @@ bool APIConnection::send_device_info_response_() {
   }
 #endif
 
-  return this->send_message(resp, DeviceInfoResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+  return this->send_message(resp);
 }
 void APIConnection::on_hello_request(const HelloRequest &msg) {
   if (!this->send_hello_response_(msg)) {
@@ -1845,7 +1788,7 @@ void APIConnection::send_execute_service_response(uint32_t call_id, bool success
   resp.call_id = call_id;
   resp.success = success;
   resp.error_message = error_message;
-  this->send_message(resp, ExecuteServiceResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+  this->send_message(resp);
 }
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
 void APIConnection::send_execute_service_response(uint32_t call_id, bool success, StringRef error_message,
@@ -1856,7 +1799,7 @@ void APIConnection::send_execute_service_response(uint32_t call_id, bool success
   resp.error_message = error_message;
   resp.response_data = response_data;
   resp.response_data_len = response_data_len;
-  this->send_message(resp, ExecuteServiceResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+  this->send_message(resp);
 }
 #endif  // USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
 #endif  // USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
@@ -1895,7 +1838,7 @@ bool APIConnection::send_noise_encryption_set_key_response_(const NoiseEncryptio
     resp.success = true;
   }
 
-  return this->send_message(resp, NoiseEncryptionSetKeyResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+  return this->send_message(resp);
 }
 void APIConnection::on_noise_encryption_set_key_request(const NoiseEncryptionSetKeyRequest &msg) {
   if (!this->send_noise_encryption_set_key_response_(msg)) {
@@ -1924,16 +1867,73 @@ bool APIConnection::try_to_clear_buffer(bool log_out_of_space) {
   }
   return false;
 }
-bool APIConnection::send_message_impl(const ProtoMessage &msg, uint8_t message_type) {
-  uint32_t payload_size = msg.calculated_size();
-  std::vector<uint8_t> &shared_buf = this->parent_->get_shared_buffer_ref();
+bool APIConnection::send_message_(uint32_t payload_size, uint8_t message_type, MessageEncodeFn encode_fn,
+                                  const void *msg) {
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  // Skip dump for log messages (recursive logging risk) and camera frames (high-frequency noise)
+  if (message_type != SubscribeLogsResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE
+#ifdef USE_CAMERA
+      && message_type != CameraImageResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE
+#endif
+  ) {
+    auto *proto_msg = static_cast<const ProtoMessage *>(msg);
+    DumpBuffer dump_buf;
+    this->log_send_message_(proto_msg->message_name(), proto_msg->dump_to(dump_buf));
+  }
+#endif
+  auto &shared_buf = this->parent_->get_shared_buffer_ref();
   this->prepare_first_message_buffer(shared_buf, payload_size);
   size_t write_start = shared_buf.size();
   shared_buf.resize(write_start + payload_size);
   ProtoWriteBuffer buffer{&shared_buf, write_start};
-  msg.encode(buffer);
+  encode_fn(msg, buffer);
   return this->send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer{&shared_buf}, message_type);
 }
+// Encodes a message to the buffer and returns the total number of bytes used,
+// including header and footer overhead. Returns 0 if the message doesn't fit.
+uint16_t APIConnection::encode_to_buffer(uint32_t calculated_size, MessageEncodeFn encode_fn, const void *msg,
+                                         APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  if (conn->flags_.log_only_mode) {
+    auto *proto_msg = static_cast<const ProtoMessage *>(msg);
+    DumpBuffer dump_buf;
+    conn->log_send_message_(proto_msg->message_name(), proto_msg->dump_to(dump_buf));
+    return 1;
+  }
+#endif
+  // Cache frame sizes to avoid repeated virtual calls
+  const uint8_t header_padding = conn->helper_->frame_header_padding();
+  const uint8_t footer_size = conn->helper_->frame_footer_size();
+
+  // Calculate total size with padding for buffer allocation
+  size_t total_calculated_size = calculated_size + header_padding + footer_size;
+
+  // Check if it fits
+  if (total_calculated_size > remaining_size)
+    return 0;  // Doesn't fit
+
+  std::vector<uint8_t> &shared_buf = conn->parent_->get_shared_buffer_ref();
+
+  if (conn->flags_.batch_first_message) {
+    // First message - buffer already prepared by caller, just clear flag
+    conn->flags_.batch_first_message = false;
+  } else {
+    // Batch message second or later
+    // Add padding for previous message footer + this message header
+    size_t current_size = shared_buf.size();
+    shared_buf.reserve(current_size + total_calculated_size);
+    shared_buf.resize(current_size + footer_size + header_padding);
+  }
+
+  // Pre-resize buffer to include payload, then encode through raw pointer
+  size_t write_start = shared_buf.size();
+  shared_buf.resize(write_start + calculated_size);
+  ProtoWriteBuffer buffer{&shared_buf, write_start};
+  encode_fn(msg, buffer);
+
+  // Return total size (header + payload + footer)
+  return static_cast<uint16_t>(header_padding + calculated_size + footer_size);
+}
 bool APIConnection::send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, uint8_t message_type) {
   const bool is_log_message = (message_type == SubscribeLogsResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
 
@@ -2292,17 +2292,17 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::dispatch_message_(const DeferredBatch::BatchItem &item,
 
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_list_info_done(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
   ListEntitiesDoneResponse resp;
-  return encode_message_to_buffer(resp, ListEntitiesDoneResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return encode_message_to_buffer(resp, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_disconnect_request(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
   DisconnectRequest req;
-  return encode_message_to_buffer(req, DisconnectRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return encode_message_to_buffer(req, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_ping_request(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
   PingRequest req;
-  return encode_message_to_buffer(req, PingRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size);
+  return encode_message_to_buffer(req, conn, remaining_size);
 }
 
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
@@ -2321,7 +2321,7 @@ void APIConnection::process_state_subscriptions_() {
   resp.attribute = it.attribute != nullptr ? StringRef(it.attribute) : StringRef("");
 
   resp.once = it.once;
-  if (this->send_message(resp, SubscribeHomeAssistantStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE)) {
+  if (this->send_message(resp)) {
     this->state_subs_at_++;
   }
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
index 2c66a194a6..54b6db6800 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
   void send_homeassistant_action(const HomeassistantActionRequest &call) {
     if (!this->flags_.service_call_subscription)
       return;
-    this->send_message(call, HomeassistantActionRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+    this->send_message(call);
   }
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES
   void on_homeassistant_action_response(const HomeassistantActionResponse &msg) override;
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 #ifdef USE_HOMEASSISTANT_TIME
   void send_time_request() {
     GetTimeRequest req;
-    this->send_message(req, GetTimeRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+    this->send_message(req);
   }
 #endif
 
@@ -263,7 +263,19 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 
   void on_fatal_error() override;
   void on_no_setup_connection() override;
-  bool send_message_impl(const ProtoMessage &msg, uint8_t message_type) override;
+
+  // Function pointer type for type-erased message encoding
+  using MessageEncodeFn = void (*)(const void *, ProtoWriteBuffer &);
+  // Function pointer type for type-erased size calculation
+  using CalculateSizeFn = uint32_t (*)(const void *);
+
+  template<typename T> bool send_message(const T &msg) {
+    if constexpr (T::ESTIMATED_SIZE == 0) {
+      return this->send_message_(0, T::MESSAGE_TYPE, &encode_msg_noop, &msg);
+    } else {
+      return this->send_message_(msg.calculate_size(), T::MESSAGE_TYPE, &proto_encode_msg<T>, &msg);
+    }
+  }
 
   void prepare_first_message_buffer(std::vector<uint8_t> &shared_buf, size_t header_padding, size_t total_size) {
     shared_buf.clear();
@@ -318,28 +330,68 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
   void process_state_subscriptions_();
 #endif
 
-  // Non-template helper to encode any ProtoMessage
-  static uint16_t encode_message_to_buffer(ProtoMessage &msg, uint8_t message_type, APIConnection *conn,
-                                           uint32_t remaining_size);
-
-  // Helper to fill entity state base and encode message
-  static uint16_t fill_and_encode_entity_state(EntityBase *entity, StateResponseProtoMessage &msg, uint8_t message_type,
-                                               APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
-    msg.key = entity->get_object_id_hash();
-#ifdef USE_DEVICES
-    msg.device_id = entity->get_device_id();
-#endif
-    return encode_message_to_buffer(msg, message_type, conn, remaining_size);
+  // Size thunk — converts void* back to concrete type for direct calculate_size() call
+  template<typename T> static uint32_t calc_size(const void *msg) {
+    return static_cast<const T *>(msg)->calculate_size();
   }
 
-  // Helper to fill entity info base and encode message
-  static uint16_t fill_and_encode_entity_info(EntityBase *entity, InfoResponseProtoMessage &msg, uint8_t message_type,
-                                              APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size);
+  // Shared no-op encode thunk for empty messages (ESTIMATED_SIZE == 0)
+  static void encode_msg_noop(const void *, ProtoWriteBuffer &) {}
 
-  // Wrapper for entity types that have a device_class field
+  // Non-template buffer management for send_message
+  bool send_message_(uint32_t payload_size, uint8_t message_type, MessageEncodeFn encode_fn, const void *msg);
+
+  // Non-template buffer management for batch encoding
+  static uint16_t encode_to_buffer(uint32_t calculated_size, MessageEncodeFn encode_fn, const void *msg,
+                                   APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size);
+
+  // Thin template wrapper — computes size, delegates buffer work to non-template helper
+  template<typename T> static uint16_t encode_message_to_buffer(T &msg, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
+    if constexpr (T::ESTIMATED_SIZE == 0) {
+      return encode_to_buffer(0, &encode_msg_noop, &msg, conn, remaining_size);
+    } else {
+      return encode_to_buffer(msg.calculate_size(), &proto_encode_msg<T>, &msg, conn, remaining_size);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Non-template core — fills state fields and encodes
+  static uint16_t fill_and_encode_entity_state(EntityBase *entity, StateResponseProtoMessage &msg,
+                                               CalculateSizeFn size_fn, MessageEncodeFn encode_fn, APIConnection *conn,
+                                               uint32_t remaining_size);
+
+  // Thin template wrapper
+  template<typename T>
+  static uint16_t fill_and_encode_entity_state(EntityBase *entity, T &msg, APIConnection *conn,
+                                               uint32_t remaining_size) {
+    return fill_and_encode_entity_state(entity, msg, &calc_size<T>, &proto_encode_msg<T>, conn, remaining_size);
+  }
+
+  // Non-template core — fills info fields, allocates buffers, and encodes
+  static uint16_t fill_and_encode_entity_info(EntityBase *entity, InfoResponseProtoMessage &msg,
+                                              CalculateSizeFn size_fn, MessageEncodeFn encode_fn, APIConnection *conn,
+                                              uint32_t remaining_size);
+
+  // Thin template wrapper
+  template<typename T>
+  static uint16_t fill_and_encode_entity_info(EntityBase *entity, T &msg, APIConnection *conn,
+                                              uint32_t remaining_size) {
+    return fill_and_encode_entity_info(entity, msg, &calc_size<T>, &proto_encode_msg<T>, conn, remaining_size);
+  }
+
+  // Non-template core — fills device_class, then delegates to fill_and_encode_entity_info
   static uint16_t fill_and_encode_entity_info_with_device_class(EntityBase *entity, InfoResponseProtoMessage &msg,
-                                                                StringRef &device_class_field, uint8_t message_type,
-                                                                APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size);
+                                                                StringRef &device_class_field, CalculateSizeFn size_fn,
+                                                                MessageEncodeFn encode_fn, APIConnection *conn,
+                                                                uint32_t remaining_size);
+
+  // Thin template wrapper
+  template<typename T>
+  static uint16_t fill_and_encode_entity_info_with_device_class(EntityBase *entity, T &msg,
+                                                                StringRef &device_class_field, APIConnection *conn,
+                                                                uint32_t remaining_size) {
+    return fill_and_encode_entity_info_with_device_class(entity, msg, device_class_field, &calc_size<T>,
+                                                         &proto_encode_msg<T>, conn, remaining_size);
+  }
 
 #ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
   // Helper to check voice assistant validity and connection ownership
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp
index 9e74d5ddc7..d8703aa416 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp
@@ -37,20 +37,24 @@ void HelloResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->server_info);
   buffer.encode_string(4, this->name);
 }
-void HelloResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->api_version_major);
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->api_version_minor);
-  size.add_length(1, this->server_info.size());
-  size.add_length(1, this->name.size());
+uint32_t HelloResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->api_version_major);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->api_version_minor);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->server_info.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
+  return size;
 }
 #ifdef USE_AREAS
 void AreaInfo::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(1, this->area_id);
   buffer.encode_string(2, this->name);
 }
-void AreaInfo::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->area_id);
-  size.add_length(1, this->name.size());
+uint32_t AreaInfo::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->area_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
+  return size;
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
@@ -59,10 +63,12 @@ void DeviceInfo::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(2, this->name);
   buffer.encode_uint32(3, this->area_id);
 }
-void DeviceInfo::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
-  size.add_length(1, this->name.size());
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->area_id);
+uint32_t DeviceInfo::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->area_id);
+  return size;
 }
 #endif
 void DeviceInfoResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
@@ -120,60 +126,62 @@ void DeviceInfoResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(24, this->zwave_home_id);
 #endif
 }
-void DeviceInfoResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_length(1, this->name.size());
-  size.add_length(1, this->mac_address.size());
-  size.add_length(1, this->esphome_version.size());
-  size.add_length(1, this->compilation_time.size());
-  size.add_length(1, this->model.size());
+uint32_t DeviceInfoResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->mac_address.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->esphome_version.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->compilation_time.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->model.size());
 #ifdef USE_DEEP_SLEEP
-  size.add_bool(1, this->has_deep_sleep);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->has_deep_sleep);
 #endif
 #ifdef ESPHOME_PROJECT_NAME
-  size.add_length(1, this->project_name.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->project_name.size());
 #endif
 #ifdef ESPHOME_PROJECT_NAME
-  size.add_length(1, this->project_version.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->project_version.size());
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->webserver_port);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->webserver_port);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->bluetooth_proxy_feature_flags);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->bluetooth_proxy_feature_flags);
 #endif
-  size.add_length(1, this->manufacturer.size());
-  size.add_length(1, this->friendly_name.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->manufacturer.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->friendly_name.size());
 #ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
-  size.add_uint32(2, this->voice_assistant_feature_flags);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(2, this->voice_assistant_feature_flags);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_AREAS
-  size.add_length(2, this->suggested_area.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(2, this->suggested_area.size());
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
-  size.add_length(2, this->bluetooth_mac_address.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(2, this->bluetooth_mac_address.size());
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
-  size.add_bool(2, this->api_encryption_supported);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(2, this->api_encryption_supported);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   for (const auto &it : this->devices) {
-    size.add_message_object_force(2, it);
+    size += ProtoSize::calc_message_force(2, it.calculate_size());
   }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_AREAS
   for (const auto &it : this->areas) {
-    size.add_message_object_force(2, it);
+    size += ProtoSize::calc_message_force(2, it.calculate_size());
   }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_AREAS
-  size.add_message_object(2, this->area);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_message(2, this->area.calculate_size());
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
-  size.add_uint32(2, this->zwave_proxy_feature_flags);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(2, this->zwave_proxy_feature_flags);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
-  size.add_uint32(2, this->zwave_home_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(2, this->zwave_home_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
 void ListEntitiesBinarySensorResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
@@ -191,20 +199,22 @@ void ListEntitiesBinarySensorResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(10, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void ListEntitiesBinarySensorResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_length(1, this->name.size());
-  size.add_length(1, this->device_class.size());
-  size.add_bool(1, this->is_status_binary_sensor);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
+uint32_t ListEntitiesBinarySensorResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->device_class.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->is_status_binary_sensor);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-  size.add_length(1, this->icon.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
 #endif
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 void BinarySensorStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
@@ -214,13 +224,15 @@ void BinarySensorStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(4, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void BinarySensorStateResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->state);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->missing_state);
+uint32_t BinarySensorStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->state);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->missing_state);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_COVER
@@ -242,23 +254,25 @@ void ListEntitiesCoverResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(13, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void ListEntitiesCoverResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_length(1, this->name.size());
-  size.add_bool(1, this->assumed_state);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->supports_position);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->supports_tilt);
-  size.add_length(1, this->device_class.size());
-  size.add_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
+uint32_t ListEntitiesCoverResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->assumed_state);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->supports_position);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->supports_tilt);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->device_class.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-  size.add_length(1, this->icon.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
 #endif
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
-  size.add_bool(1, this->supports_stop);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->supports_stop);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 void CoverStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
@@ -269,14 +283,16 @@ void CoverStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(6, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void CoverStateResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_float(1, this->position);
-  size.add_float(1, this->tilt);
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->current_operation));
+uint32_t CoverStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->position);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->tilt);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->current_operation));
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 bool CoverCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   switch (field_id) {
@@ -337,27 +353,29 @@ void ListEntitiesFanResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(13, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void ListEntitiesFanResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_length(1, this->name.size());
-  size.add_bool(1, this->supports_oscillation);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->supports_speed);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->supports_direction);
-  size.add_int32(1, this->supported_speed_count);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
+uint32_t ListEntitiesFanResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->supports_oscillation);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->supports_speed);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->supports_direction);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_int32(1, this->supported_speed_count);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-  size.add_length(1, this->icon.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
 #endif
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
   if (!this->supported_preset_modes->empty()) {
     for (const char *it : *this->supported_preset_modes) {
-      size.add_length_force(1, strlen(it));
+      size += ProtoSize::calc_length_force(1, strlen(it));
     }
   }
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 void FanStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
@@ -370,16 +388,18 @@ void FanStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(8, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void FanStateResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->state);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->oscillating);
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->direction));
-  size.add_int32(1, this->speed_level);
-  size.add_length(1, this->preset_mode.size());
+uint32_t FanStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->state);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->oscillating);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->direction));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_int32(1, this->speed_level);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->preset_mode.size());
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 bool FanCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   switch (field_id) {
@@ -464,30 +484,32 @@ void ListEntitiesLightResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(16, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void ListEntitiesLightResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_length(1, this->name.size());
+uint32_t ListEntitiesLightResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
   if (!this->supported_color_modes->empty()) {
     for (const auto &it : *this->supported_color_modes) {
-      size.add_uint32_force(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(it));
+      size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32_force(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(it));
     }
   }
-  size.add_float(1, this->min_mireds);
-  size.add_float(1, this->max_mireds);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->min_mireds);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->max_mireds);
   if (!this->effects->empty()) {
     for (const char *it : *this->effects) {
-      size.add_length_force(1, strlen(it));
+      size += ProtoSize::calc_length_force(1, strlen(it));
     }
   }
-  size.add_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-  size.add_length(1, this->icon.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
 #endif
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(2, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(2, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 void LightStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
@@ -507,23 +529,25 @@ void LightStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(14, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void LightStateResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->state);
-  size.add_float(1, this->brightness);
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->color_mode));
-  size.add_float(1, this->color_brightness);
-  size.add_float(1, this->red);
-  size.add_float(1, this->green);
-  size.add_float(1, this->blue);
-  size.add_float(1, this->white);
-  size.add_float(1, this->color_temperature);
-  size.add_float(1, this->cold_white);
-  size.add_float(1, this->warm_white);
-  size.add_length(1, this->effect.size());
+uint32_t LightStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->state);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->brightness);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->color_mode));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->color_brightness);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->red);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->green);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->blue);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->white);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->color_temperature);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->cold_white);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->warm_white);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->effect.size());
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 bool LightCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   switch (field_id) {
@@ -653,23 +677,25 @@ void ListEntitiesSensorResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(14, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void ListEntitiesSensorResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_length(1, this->name.size());
+uint32_t ListEntitiesSensorResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-  size.add_length(1, this->icon.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
 #endif
-  size.add_length(1, this->unit_of_measurement.size());
-  size.add_int32(1, this->accuracy_decimals);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->force_update);
-  size.add_length(1, this->device_class.size());
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->state_class));
-  size.add_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->unit_of_measurement.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_int32(1, this->accuracy_decimals);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->force_update);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->device_class.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->state_class));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 void SensorStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
@@ -679,13 +705,15 @@ void SensorStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(4, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void SensorStateResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_float(1, this->state);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->missing_state);
+uint32_t SensorStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->state);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->missing_state);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SWITCH
@@ -704,20 +732,22 @@ void ListEntitiesSwitchResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(10, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void ListEntitiesSwitchResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_length(1, this->name.size());
+uint32_t ListEntitiesSwitchResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-  size.add_length(1, this->icon.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
 #endif
-  size.add_bool(1, this->assumed_state);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
-  size.add_length(1, this->device_class.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->assumed_state);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->device_class.size());
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 void SwitchStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
@@ -726,12 +756,14 @@ void SwitchStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(3, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void SwitchStateResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->state);
+uint32_t SwitchStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->state);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 bool SwitchCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   switch (field_id) {
@@ -774,19 +806,21 @@ void ListEntitiesTextSensorResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(9, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void ListEntitiesTextSensorResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_length(1, this->name.size());
+uint32_t ListEntitiesTextSensorResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-  size.add_length(1, this->icon.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
 #endif
-  size.add_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
-  size.add_length(1, this->device_class.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->device_class.size());
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 void TextSensorStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
@@ -796,13 +830,15 @@ void TextSensorStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(4, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void TextSensorStateResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_length(1, this->state.size());
-  size.add_bool(1, this->missing_state);
+uint32_t TextSensorStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->state.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->missing_state);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 #endif
 bool SubscribeLogsRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
@@ -822,9 +858,11 @@ void SubscribeLogsResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->level));
   buffer.encode_bytes(3, this->message_ptr_, this->message_len_);
 }
-void SubscribeLogsResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->level));
-  size.add_length(1, this->message_len_);
+uint32_t SubscribeLogsResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->level));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->message_len_);
+  return size;
 }
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
 bool NoiseEncryptionSetKeyRequest::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) {
@@ -840,16 +878,22 @@ bool NoiseEncryptionSetKeyRequest::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthD
   return true;
 }
 void NoiseEncryptionSetKeyResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const { buffer.encode_bool(1, this->success); }
-void NoiseEncryptionSetKeyResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const { size.add_bool(1, this->success); }
+uint32_t NoiseEncryptionSetKeyResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->success);
+  return size;
+}
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
 void HomeassistantServiceMap::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->key);
   buffer.encode_string(2, this->value);
 }
-void HomeassistantServiceMap::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_length(1, this->key.size());
-  size.add_length(1, this->value.size());
+uint32_t HomeassistantServiceMap::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->key.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->value.size());
+  return size;
 }
 void HomeassistantActionRequest::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->service);
@@ -873,21 +917,35 @@ void HomeassistantActionRequest::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(8, this->response_template);
 #endif
 }
-void HomeassistantActionRequest::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_length(1, this->service.size());
-  size.add_repeated_message(1, this->data);
-  size.add_repeated_message(1, this->data_template);
-  size.add_repeated_message(1, this->variables);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->is_event);
+uint32_t HomeassistantActionRequest::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->service.size());
+  if (!this->data.empty()) {
+    for (const auto &it : this->data) {
+      size += ProtoSize::calc_message_force(1, it.calculate_size());
+    }
+  }
+  if (!this->data_template.empty()) {
+    for (const auto &it : this->data_template) {
+      size += ProtoSize::calc_message_force(1, it.calculate_size());
+    }
+  }
+  if (!this->variables.empty()) {
+    for (const auto &it : this->variables) {
+      size += ProtoSize::calc_message_force(1, it.calculate_size());
+    }
+  }
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->is_event);
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->call_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->call_id);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
-  size.add_bool(1, this->wants_response);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->wants_response);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
-  size.add_length(1, this->response_template.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->response_template.size());
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES
@@ -929,10 +987,12 @@ void SubscribeHomeAssistantStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const
   buffer.encode_string(2, this->attribute);
   buffer.encode_bool(3, this->once);
 }
-void SubscribeHomeAssistantStateResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_length(1, this->entity_id.size());
-  size.add_length(1, this->attribute.size());
-  size.add_bool(1, this->once);
+uint32_t SubscribeHomeAssistantStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->entity_id.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->attribute.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->once);
+  return size;
 }
 bool HomeAssistantStateResponse::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) {
   switch (field_id) {
@@ -1034,9 +1094,11 @@ void ListEntitiesServicesArgument::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->name);
   buffer.encode_uint32(2, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->type));
 }
-void ListEntitiesServicesArgument::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_length(1, this->name.size());
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->type));
+uint32_t ListEntitiesServicesArgument::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->type));
+  return size;
 }
 void ListEntitiesServicesResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->name);
@@ -1046,11 +1108,17 @@ void ListEntitiesServicesResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   }
   buffer.encode_uint32(4, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->supports_response));
 }
-void ListEntitiesServicesResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_length(1, this->name.size());
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_repeated_message(1, this->args);
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->supports_response));
+uint32_t ListEntitiesServicesResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  if (!this->args.empty()) {
+    for (const auto &it : this->args) {
+      size += ProtoSize::calc_message_force(1, it.calculate_size());
+    }
+  }
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->supports_response));
+  return size;
 }
 bool ExecuteServiceArgument::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   switch (field_id) {
@@ -1165,13 +1233,15 @@ void ExecuteServiceResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_bytes(4, this->response_data, this->response_data_len);
 #endif
 }
-void ExecuteServiceResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->call_id);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->success);
-  size.add_length(1, this->error_message.size());
+uint32_t ExecuteServiceResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->call_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->success);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->error_message.size());
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
-  size.add_length(1, this->response_data_len);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->response_data_len);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA
@@ -1188,18 +1258,20 @@ void ListEntitiesCameraResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(8, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void ListEntitiesCameraResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_length(1, this->name.size());
-  size.add_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
+uint32_t ListEntitiesCameraResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-  size.add_length(1, this->icon.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
 #endif
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 void CameraImageResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
@@ -1209,13 +1281,15 @@ void CameraImageResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(4, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void CameraImageResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_length(1, this->data_len_);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->done);
+uint32_t CameraImageResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->data_len_);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->done);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 bool CameraImageRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   switch (field_id) {
@@ -1275,60 +1349,62 @@ void ListEntitiesClimateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 #endif
   buffer.encode_uint32(27, this->feature_flags);
 }
-void ListEntitiesClimateResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_length(1, this->name.size());
-  size.add_bool(1, this->supports_current_temperature);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->supports_two_point_target_temperature);
+uint32_t ListEntitiesClimateResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->supports_current_temperature);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->supports_two_point_target_temperature);
   if (!this->supported_modes->empty()) {
     for (const auto &it : *this->supported_modes) {
-      size.add_uint32_force(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(it));
+      size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32_force(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(it));
     }
   }
-  size.add_float(1, this->visual_min_temperature);
-  size.add_float(1, this->visual_max_temperature);
-  size.add_float(1, this->visual_target_temperature_step);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->supports_action);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->visual_min_temperature);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->visual_max_temperature);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->visual_target_temperature_step);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->supports_action);
   if (!this->supported_fan_modes->empty()) {
     for (const auto &it : *this->supported_fan_modes) {
-      size.add_uint32_force(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(it));
+      size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32_force(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(it));
     }
   }
   if (!this->supported_swing_modes->empty()) {
     for (const auto &it : *this->supported_swing_modes) {
-      size.add_uint32_force(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(it));
+      size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32_force(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(it));
     }
   }
   if (!this->supported_custom_fan_modes->empty()) {
     for (const char *it : *this->supported_custom_fan_modes) {
-      size.add_length_force(1, strlen(it));
+      size += ProtoSize::calc_length_force(1, strlen(it));
     }
   }
   if (!this->supported_presets->empty()) {
     for (const auto &it : *this->supported_presets) {
-      size.add_uint32_force(2, static_cast<uint32_t>(it));
+      size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32_force(2, static_cast<uint32_t>(it));
     }
   }
   if (!this->supported_custom_presets->empty()) {
     for (const char *it : *this->supported_custom_presets) {
-      size.add_length_force(2, strlen(it));
+      size += ProtoSize::calc_length_force(2, strlen(it));
     }
   }
-  size.add_bool(2, this->disabled_by_default);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(2, this->disabled_by_default);
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-  size.add_length(2, this->icon.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(2, this->icon.size());
 #endif
-  size.add_uint32(2, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
-  size.add_float(2, this->visual_current_temperature_step);
-  size.add_bool(2, this->supports_current_humidity);
-  size.add_bool(2, this->supports_target_humidity);
-  size.add_float(2, this->visual_min_humidity);
-  size.add_float(2, this->visual_max_humidity);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(2, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(2, this->visual_current_temperature_step);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(2, this->supports_current_humidity);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(2, this->supports_target_humidity);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(2, this->visual_min_humidity);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(2, this->visual_max_humidity);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(2, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(2, this->device_id);
 #endif
-  size.add_uint32(2, this->feature_flags);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(2, this->feature_flags);
+  return size;
 }
 void ClimateStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
@@ -1349,24 +1425,26 @@ void ClimateStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(16, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void ClimateStateResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->mode));
-  size.add_float(1, this->current_temperature);
-  size.add_float(1, this->target_temperature);
-  size.add_float(1, this->target_temperature_low);
-  size.add_float(1, this->target_temperature_high);
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->action));
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->fan_mode));
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->swing_mode));
-  size.add_length(1, this->custom_fan_mode.size());
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->preset));
-  size.add_length(1, this->custom_preset.size());
-  size.add_float(1, this->current_humidity);
-  size.add_float(1, this->target_humidity);
+uint32_t ClimateStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->mode));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->current_temperature);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->target_temperature);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->target_temperature_low);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->target_temperature_high);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->action));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->fan_mode));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->swing_mode));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->custom_fan_mode.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->preset));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->custom_preset.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->current_humidity);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->target_humidity);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(2, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(2, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 bool ClimateCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   switch (field_id) {
@@ -1481,27 +1559,29 @@ void ListEntitiesWaterHeaterResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   }
   buffer.encode_uint32(12, this->supported_features);
 }
-void ListEntitiesWaterHeaterResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_length(1, this->name.size());
+uint32_t ListEntitiesWaterHeaterResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-  size.add_length(1, this->icon.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
 #endif
-  size.add_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
-  size.add_float(1, this->min_temperature);
-  size.add_float(1, this->max_temperature);
-  size.add_float(1, this->target_temperature_step);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->min_temperature);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->max_temperature);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->target_temperature_step);
   if (!this->supported_modes->empty()) {
     for (const auto &it : *this->supported_modes) {
-      size.add_uint32_force(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(it));
+      size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32_force(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(it));
     }
   }
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->supported_features);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->supported_features);
+  return size;
 }
 void WaterHeaterStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
@@ -1515,17 +1595,19 @@ void WaterHeaterStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_float(7, this->target_temperature_low);
   buffer.encode_float(8, this->target_temperature_high);
 }
-void WaterHeaterStateResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_float(1, this->current_temperature);
-  size.add_float(1, this->target_temperature);
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->mode));
+uint32_t WaterHeaterStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->current_temperature);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->target_temperature);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->mode));
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->state);
-  size.add_float(1, this->target_temperature_low);
-  size.add_float(1, this->target_temperature_high);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->state);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->target_temperature_low);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->target_temperature_high);
+  return size;
 }
 bool WaterHeaterCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   switch (field_id) {
@@ -1588,24 +1670,26 @@ void ListEntitiesNumberResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(14, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void ListEntitiesNumberResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_length(1, this->name.size());
+uint32_t ListEntitiesNumberResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-  size.add_length(1, this->icon.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
 #endif
-  size.add_float(1, this->min_value);
-  size.add_float(1, this->max_value);
-  size.add_float(1, this->step);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
-  size.add_length(1, this->unit_of_measurement.size());
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->mode));
-  size.add_length(1, this->device_class.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->min_value);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->max_value);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->step);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->unit_of_measurement.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->mode));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->device_class.size());
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 void NumberStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
@@ -1615,13 +1699,15 @@ void NumberStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(4, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void NumberStateResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_float(1, this->state);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->missing_state);
+uint32_t NumberStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->state);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->missing_state);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 bool NumberCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   switch (field_id) {
@@ -1666,23 +1752,25 @@ void ListEntitiesSelectResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(9, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void ListEntitiesSelectResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_length(1, this->name.size());
+uint32_t ListEntitiesSelectResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-  size.add_length(1, this->icon.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
 #endif
   if (!this->options->empty()) {
     for (const char *it : *this->options) {
-      size.add_length_force(1, strlen(it));
+      size += ProtoSize::calc_length_force(1, strlen(it));
     }
   }
-  size.add_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 void SelectStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
@@ -1692,13 +1780,15 @@ void SelectStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(4, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void SelectStateResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_length(1, this->state.size());
-  size.add_bool(1, this->missing_state);
+uint32_t SelectStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->state.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->missing_state);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 bool SelectCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   switch (field_id) {
@@ -1753,25 +1843,27 @@ void ListEntitiesSirenResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(11, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void ListEntitiesSirenResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_length(1, this->name.size());
+uint32_t ListEntitiesSirenResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-  size.add_length(1, this->icon.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
 #endif
-  size.add_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
   if (!this->tones->empty()) {
     for (const char *it : *this->tones) {
-      size.add_length_force(1, strlen(it));
+      size += ProtoSize::calc_length_force(1, strlen(it));
     }
   }
-  size.add_bool(1, this->supports_duration);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->supports_volume);
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->supports_duration);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->supports_volume);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 void SirenStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
@@ -1780,12 +1872,14 @@ void SirenStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(3, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void SirenStateResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->state);
+uint32_t SirenStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->state);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 bool SirenCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   switch (field_id) {
@@ -1860,22 +1954,24 @@ void ListEntitiesLockResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(12, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void ListEntitiesLockResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_length(1, this->name.size());
+uint32_t ListEntitiesLockResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-  size.add_length(1, this->icon.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
 #endif
-  size.add_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
-  size.add_bool(1, this->assumed_state);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->supports_open);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->requires_code);
-  size.add_length(1, this->code_format.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->assumed_state);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->supports_open);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->requires_code);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->code_format.size());
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 void LockStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
@@ -1884,12 +1980,14 @@ void LockStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(3, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void LockStateResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->state));
+uint32_t LockStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->state));
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 bool LockCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   switch (field_id) {
@@ -1946,19 +2044,21 @@ void ListEntitiesButtonResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(9, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void ListEntitiesButtonResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_length(1, this->name.size());
+uint32_t ListEntitiesButtonResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-  size.add_length(1, this->icon.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
 #endif
-  size.add_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
-  size.add_length(1, this->device_class.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->device_class.size());
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 bool ButtonCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   switch (field_id) {
@@ -1991,12 +2091,14 @@ void MediaPlayerSupportedFormat::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(4, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->purpose));
   buffer.encode_uint32(5, this->sample_bytes);
 }
-void MediaPlayerSupportedFormat::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_length(1, this->format.size());
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->sample_rate);
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->num_channels);
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->purpose));
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->sample_bytes);
+uint32_t MediaPlayerSupportedFormat::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->format.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->sample_rate);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->num_channels);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->purpose));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->sample_bytes);
+  return size;
 }
 void ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
@@ -2016,21 +2118,27 @@ void ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 #endif
   buffer.encode_uint32(11, this->feature_flags);
 }
-void ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_length(1, this->name.size());
+uint32_t ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-  size.add_length(1, this->icon.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
 #endif
-  size.add_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
-  size.add_bool(1, this->supports_pause);
-  size.add_repeated_message(1, this->supported_formats);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->supports_pause);
+  if (!this->supported_formats.empty()) {
+    for (const auto &it : this->supported_formats) {
+      size += ProtoSize::calc_message_force(1, it.calculate_size());
+    }
+  }
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->feature_flags);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->feature_flags);
+  return size;
 }
 void MediaPlayerStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
@@ -2041,14 +2149,16 @@ void MediaPlayerStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(5, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void MediaPlayerStateResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->state));
-  size.add_float(1, this->volume);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->muted);
+uint32_t MediaPlayerStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->state));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->volume);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->muted);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 bool MediaPlayerCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   switch (field_id) {
@@ -2122,21 +2232,25 @@ void BluetoothLERawAdvertisement::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(3, this->address_type);
   buffer.encode_bytes(4, this->data, this->data_len);
 }
-void BluetoothLERawAdvertisement::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_uint64(1, this->address);
-  size.add_sint32(1, this->rssi);
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->address_type);
-  size.add_length(1, this->data_len);
+uint32_t BluetoothLERawAdvertisement::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint64(1, this->address);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_sint32(1, this->rssi);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->address_type);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->data_len);
+  return size;
 }
 void BluetoothLERawAdvertisementsResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   for (uint16_t i = 0; i < this->advertisements_len; i++) {
     buffer.encode_message(1, this->advertisements[i]);
   }
 }
-void BluetoothLERawAdvertisementsResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
+uint32_t BluetoothLERawAdvertisementsResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
   for (uint16_t i = 0; i < this->advertisements_len; i++) {
-    size.add_message_object_force(1, this->advertisements[i]);
+    size += ProtoSize::calc_message_force(1, this->advertisements[i].calculate_size());
   }
+  return size;
 }
 bool BluetoothDeviceRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   switch (field_id) {
@@ -2163,11 +2277,13 @@ void BluetoothDeviceConnectionResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(3, this->mtu);
   buffer.encode_int32(4, this->error);
 }
-void BluetoothDeviceConnectionResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_uint64(1, this->address);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->connected);
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->mtu);
-  size.add_int32(1, this->error);
+uint32_t BluetoothDeviceConnectionResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint64(1, this->address);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->connected);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->mtu);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_int32(1, this->error);
+  return size;
 }
 bool BluetoothGATTGetServicesRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   switch (field_id) {
@@ -2187,13 +2303,15 @@ void BluetoothGATTDescriptor::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(2, this->handle);
   buffer.encode_uint32(3, this->short_uuid);
 }
-void BluetoothGATTDescriptor::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
+uint32_t BluetoothGATTDescriptor::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
   if (this->uuid[0] != 0 || this->uuid[1] != 0) {
-    size.add_uint64_force(1, this->uuid[0]);
-    size.add_uint64_force(1, this->uuid[1]);
+    size += ProtoSize::calc_uint64_force(1, this->uuid[0]);
+    size += ProtoSize::calc_uint64_force(1, this->uuid[1]);
   }
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->handle);
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->short_uuid);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->handle);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->short_uuid);
+  return size;
 }
 void BluetoothGATTCharacteristic::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   if (this->uuid[0] != 0 || this->uuid[1] != 0) {
@@ -2207,15 +2325,21 @@ void BluetoothGATTCharacteristic::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   }
   buffer.encode_uint32(5, this->short_uuid);
 }
-void BluetoothGATTCharacteristic::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
+uint32_t BluetoothGATTCharacteristic::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
   if (this->uuid[0] != 0 || this->uuid[1] != 0) {
-    size.add_uint64_force(1, this->uuid[0]);
-    size.add_uint64_force(1, this->uuid[1]);
+    size += ProtoSize::calc_uint64_force(1, this->uuid[0]);
+    size += ProtoSize::calc_uint64_force(1, this->uuid[1]);
   }
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->handle);
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->properties);
-  size.add_repeated_message(1, this->descriptors);
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->short_uuid);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->handle);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->properties);
+  if (!this->descriptors.empty()) {
+    for (const auto &it : this->descriptors) {
+      size += ProtoSize::calc_message_force(1, it.calculate_size());
+    }
+  }
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->short_uuid);
+  return size;
 }
 void BluetoothGATTService::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   if (this->uuid[0] != 0 || this->uuid[1] != 0) {
@@ -2228,14 +2352,20 @@ void BluetoothGATTService::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   }
   buffer.encode_uint32(4, this->short_uuid);
 }
-void BluetoothGATTService::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
+uint32_t BluetoothGATTService::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
   if (this->uuid[0] != 0 || this->uuid[1] != 0) {
-    size.add_uint64_force(1, this->uuid[0]);
-    size.add_uint64_force(1, this->uuid[1]);
+    size += ProtoSize::calc_uint64_force(1, this->uuid[0]);
+    size += ProtoSize::calc_uint64_force(1, this->uuid[1]);
   }
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->handle);
-  size.add_repeated_message(1, this->characteristics);
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->short_uuid);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->handle);
+  if (!this->characteristics.empty()) {
+    for (const auto &it : this->characteristics) {
+      size += ProtoSize::calc_message_force(1, it.calculate_size());
+    }
+  }
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->short_uuid);
+  return size;
 }
 void BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->address);
@@ -2243,14 +2373,24 @@ void BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
     buffer.encode_message(2, it);
   }
 }
-void BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_uint64(1, this->address);
-  size.add_repeated_message(1, this->services);
+uint32_t BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint64(1, this->address);
+  if (!this->services.empty()) {
+    for (const auto &it : this->services) {
+      size += ProtoSize::calc_message_force(1, it.calculate_size());
+    }
+  }
+  return size;
 }
 void BluetoothGATTGetServicesDoneResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->address);
 }
-void BluetoothGATTGetServicesDoneResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const { size.add_uint64(1, this->address); }
+uint32_t BluetoothGATTGetServicesDoneResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint64(1, this->address);
+  return size;
+}
 bool BluetoothGATTReadRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 1:
@@ -2269,10 +2409,12 @@ void BluetoothGATTReadResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(2, this->handle);
   buffer.encode_bytes(3, this->data_ptr_, this->data_len_);
 }
-void BluetoothGATTReadResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_uint64(1, this->address);
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->handle);
-  size.add_length(1, this->data_len_);
+uint32_t BluetoothGATTReadResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint64(1, this->address);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->handle);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->data_len_);
+  return size;
 }
 bool BluetoothGATTWriteRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   switch (field_id) {
@@ -2361,10 +2503,12 @@ void BluetoothGATTNotifyDataResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(2, this->handle);
   buffer.encode_bytes(3, this->data_ptr_, this->data_len_);
 }
-void BluetoothGATTNotifyDataResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_uint64(1, this->address);
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->handle);
-  size.add_length(1, this->data_len_);
+uint32_t BluetoothGATTNotifyDataResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint64(1, this->address);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->handle);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->data_len_);
+  return size;
 }
 void BluetoothConnectionsFreeResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(1, this->free);
@@ -2375,80 +2519,96 @@ void BluetoothConnectionsFreeResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
     }
   }
 }
-void BluetoothConnectionsFreeResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->free);
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->limit);
+uint32_t BluetoothConnectionsFreeResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->free);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->limit);
   for (const auto &it : this->allocated) {
     if (it != 0) {
-      size.add_uint64_force(1, it);
+      size += ProtoSize::calc_uint64_force(1, it);
     }
   }
+  return size;
 }
 void BluetoothGATTErrorResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->address);
   buffer.encode_uint32(2, this->handle);
   buffer.encode_int32(3, this->error);
 }
-void BluetoothGATTErrorResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_uint64(1, this->address);
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->handle);
-  size.add_int32(1, this->error);
+uint32_t BluetoothGATTErrorResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint64(1, this->address);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->handle);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_int32(1, this->error);
+  return size;
 }
 void BluetoothGATTWriteResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->address);
   buffer.encode_uint32(2, this->handle);
 }
-void BluetoothGATTWriteResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_uint64(1, this->address);
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->handle);
+uint32_t BluetoothGATTWriteResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint64(1, this->address);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->handle);
+  return size;
 }
 void BluetoothGATTNotifyResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->address);
   buffer.encode_uint32(2, this->handle);
 }
-void BluetoothGATTNotifyResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_uint64(1, this->address);
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->handle);
+uint32_t BluetoothGATTNotifyResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint64(1, this->address);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->handle);
+  return size;
 }
 void BluetoothDevicePairingResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->address);
   buffer.encode_bool(2, this->paired);
   buffer.encode_int32(3, this->error);
 }
-void BluetoothDevicePairingResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_uint64(1, this->address);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->paired);
-  size.add_int32(1, this->error);
+uint32_t BluetoothDevicePairingResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint64(1, this->address);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->paired);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_int32(1, this->error);
+  return size;
 }
 void BluetoothDeviceUnpairingResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->address);
   buffer.encode_bool(2, this->success);
   buffer.encode_int32(3, this->error);
 }
-void BluetoothDeviceUnpairingResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_uint64(1, this->address);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->success);
-  size.add_int32(1, this->error);
+uint32_t BluetoothDeviceUnpairingResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint64(1, this->address);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->success);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_int32(1, this->error);
+  return size;
 }
 void BluetoothDeviceClearCacheResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->address);
   buffer.encode_bool(2, this->success);
   buffer.encode_int32(3, this->error);
 }
-void BluetoothDeviceClearCacheResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_uint64(1, this->address);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->success);
-  size.add_int32(1, this->error);
+uint32_t BluetoothDeviceClearCacheResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint64(1, this->address);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->success);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_int32(1, this->error);
+  return size;
 }
 void BluetoothScannerStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->state));
   buffer.encode_uint32(2, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->mode));
   buffer.encode_uint32(3, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->configured_mode));
 }
-void BluetoothScannerStateResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->state));
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->mode));
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->configured_mode));
+uint32_t BluetoothScannerStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->state));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->mode));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->configured_mode));
+  return size;
 }
 bool BluetoothScannerSetModeRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   switch (field_id) {
@@ -2480,10 +2640,12 @@ void VoiceAssistantAudioSettings::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(2, this->auto_gain);
   buffer.encode_float(3, this->volume_multiplier);
 }
-void VoiceAssistantAudioSettings::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->noise_suppression_level);
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->auto_gain);
-  size.add_float(1, this->volume_multiplier);
+uint32_t VoiceAssistantAudioSettings::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->noise_suppression_level);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->auto_gain);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->volume_multiplier);
+  return size;
 }
 void VoiceAssistantRequest::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_bool(1, this->start);
@@ -2492,12 +2654,14 @@ void VoiceAssistantRequest::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_message(4, this->audio_settings, false);
   buffer.encode_string(5, this->wake_word_phrase);
 }
-void VoiceAssistantRequest::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_bool(1, this->start);
-  size.add_length(1, this->conversation_id.size());
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->flags);
-  size.add_message_object(1, this->audio_settings);
-  size.add_length(1, this->wake_word_phrase.size());
+uint32_t VoiceAssistantRequest::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->start);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->conversation_id.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->flags);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_message(1, this->audio_settings.calculate_size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->wake_word_phrase.size());
+  return size;
 }
 bool VoiceAssistantResponse::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   switch (field_id) {
@@ -2574,9 +2738,11 @@ void VoiceAssistantAudio::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_bytes(1, this->data, this->data_len);
   buffer.encode_bool(2, this->end);
 }
-void VoiceAssistantAudio::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_length(1, this->data_len);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->end);
+uint32_t VoiceAssistantAudio::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->data_len);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->end);
+  return size;
 }
 bool VoiceAssistantTimerEventResponse::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   switch (field_id) {
@@ -2642,7 +2808,11 @@ bool VoiceAssistantAnnounceRequest::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLength
   return true;
 }
 void VoiceAssistantAnnounceFinished::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const { buffer.encode_bool(1, this->success); }
-void VoiceAssistantAnnounceFinished::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const { size.add_bool(1, this->success); }
+uint32_t VoiceAssistantAnnounceFinished::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->success);
+  return size;
+}
 void VoiceAssistantWakeWord::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->id);
   buffer.encode_string(2, this->wake_word);
@@ -2650,14 +2820,16 @@ void VoiceAssistantWakeWord::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
     buffer.encode_string(3, it, true);
   }
 }
-void VoiceAssistantWakeWord::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_length(1, this->id.size());
-  size.add_length(1, this->wake_word.size());
+uint32_t VoiceAssistantWakeWord::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->id.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->wake_word.size());
   if (!this->trained_languages.empty()) {
     for (const auto &it : this->trained_languages) {
-      size.add_length_force(1, it.size());
+      size += ProtoSize::calc_length_force(1, it.size());
     }
   }
+  return size;
 }
 bool VoiceAssistantExternalWakeWord::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   switch (field_id) {
@@ -2719,14 +2891,20 @@ void VoiceAssistantConfigurationResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const
   }
   buffer.encode_uint32(3, this->max_active_wake_words);
 }
-void VoiceAssistantConfigurationResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_repeated_message(1, this->available_wake_words);
-  if (!this->active_wake_words->empty()) {
-    for (const auto &it : *this->active_wake_words) {
-      size.add_length_force(1, it.size());
+uint32_t VoiceAssistantConfigurationResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  if (!this->available_wake_words.empty()) {
+    for (const auto &it : this->available_wake_words) {
+      size += ProtoSize::calc_message_force(1, it.calculate_size());
     }
   }
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->max_active_wake_words);
+  if (!this->active_wake_words->empty()) {
+    for (const auto &it : *this->active_wake_words) {
+      size += ProtoSize::calc_length_force(1, it.size());
+    }
+  }
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->max_active_wake_words);
+  return size;
 }
 bool VoiceAssistantSetConfiguration::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) {
   switch (field_id) {
@@ -2756,21 +2934,23 @@ void ListEntitiesAlarmControlPanelResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) con
   buffer.encode_uint32(11, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void ListEntitiesAlarmControlPanelResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_length(1, this->name.size());
+uint32_t ListEntitiesAlarmControlPanelResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-  size.add_length(1, this->icon.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
 #endif
-  size.add_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->supported_features);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->requires_code);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->requires_code_to_arm);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->supported_features);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->requires_code);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->requires_code_to_arm);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 void AlarmControlPanelStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
@@ -2779,12 +2959,14 @@ void AlarmControlPanelStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(3, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void AlarmControlPanelStateResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->state));
+uint32_t AlarmControlPanelStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->state));
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 bool AlarmControlPanelCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   switch (field_id) {
@@ -2841,22 +3023,24 @@ void ListEntitiesTextResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(12, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void ListEntitiesTextResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_length(1, this->name.size());
+uint32_t ListEntitiesTextResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-  size.add_length(1, this->icon.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
 #endif
-  size.add_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->min_length);
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->max_length);
-  size.add_length(1, this->pattern.size());
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->mode));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->min_length);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->max_length);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->pattern.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->mode));
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 void TextStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
@@ -2866,13 +3050,15 @@ void TextStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(4, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void TextStateResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_length(1, this->state.size());
-  size.add_bool(1, this->missing_state);
+uint32_t TextStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->state.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->missing_state);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 bool TextCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   switch (field_id) {
@@ -2922,18 +3108,20 @@ void ListEntitiesDateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(8, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void ListEntitiesDateResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_length(1, this->name.size());
+uint32_t ListEntitiesDateResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-  size.add_length(1, this->icon.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
 #endif
-  size.add_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 void DateStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
@@ -2945,15 +3133,17 @@ void DateStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(6, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void DateStateResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->missing_state);
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->year);
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->month);
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->day);
+uint32_t DateStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->missing_state);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->year);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->month);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->day);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 bool DateCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   switch (field_id) {
@@ -3001,18 +3191,20 @@ void ListEntitiesTimeResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(8, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void ListEntitiesTimeResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_length(1, this->name.size());
+uint32_t ListEntitiesTimeResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-  size.add_length(1, this->icon.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
 #endif
-  size.add_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 void TimeStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
@@ -3024,15 +3216,17 @@ void TimeStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(6, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void TimeStateResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->missing_state);
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->hour);
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->minute);
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->second);
+uint32_t TimeStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->missing_state);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->hour);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->minute);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->second);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 bool TimeCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   switch (field_id) {
@@ -3084,24 +3278,26 @@ void ListEntitiesEventResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(10, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void ListEntitiesEventResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_length(1, this->name.size());
+uint32_t ListEntitiesEventResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-  size.add_length(1, this->icon.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
 #endif
-  size.add_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
-  size.add_length(1, this->device_class.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->device_class.size());
   if (!this->event_types->empty()) {
     for (const char *it : *this->event_types) {
-      size.add_length_force(1, strlen(it));
+      size += ProtoSize::calc_length_force(1, strlen(it));
     }
   }
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 void EventResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
@@ -3110,12 +3306,14 @@ void EventResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(3, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void EventResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_length(1, this->event_type.size());
+uint32_t EventResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->event_type.size());
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_VALVE
@@ -3136,22 +3334,24 @@ void ListEntitiesValveResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(12, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void ListEntitiesValveResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_length(1, this->name.size());
+uint32_t ListEntitiesValveResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-  size.add_length(1, this->icon.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
 #endif
-  size.add_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
-  size.add_length(1, this->device_class.size());
-  size.add_bool(1, this->assumed_state);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->supports_position);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->supports_stop);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->device_class.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->assumed_state);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->supports_position);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->supports_stop);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 void ValveStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
@@ -3161,13 +3361,15 @@ void ValveStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(4, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void ValveStateResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_float(1, this->position);
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->current_operation));
+uint32_t ValveStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->position);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->current_operation));
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 bool ValveCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   switch (field_id) {
@@ -3215,18 +3417,20 @@ void ListEntitiesDateTimeResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(8, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void ListEntitiesDateTimeResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_length(1, this->name.size());
+uint32_t ListEntitiesDateTimeResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-  size.add_length(1, this->icon.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
 #endif
-  size.add_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 void DateTimeStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
@@ -3236,13 +3440,15 @@ void DateTimeStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(4, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void DateTimeStateResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->missing_state);
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->epoch_seconds);
+uint32_t DateTimeStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->missing_state);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->epoch_seconds);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 bool DateTimeCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   switch (field_id) {
@@ -3285,19 +3491,21 @@ void ListEntitiesUpdateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(9, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void ListEntitiesUpdateResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_length(1, this->name.size());
+uint32_t ListEntitiesUpdateResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-  size.add_length(1, this->icon.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
 #endif
-  size.add_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
-  size.add_length(1, this->device_class.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->device_class.size());
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 void UpdateStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
@@ -3314,20 +3522,22 @@ void UpdateStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(11, this->device_id);
 #endif
 }
-void UpdateStateResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->missing_state);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->in_progress);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->has_progress);
-  size.add_float(1, this->progress);
-  size.add_length(1, this->current_version.size());
-  size.add_length(1, this->latest_version.size());
-  size.add_length(1, this->title.size());
-  size.add_length(1, this->release_summary.size());
-  size.add_length(1, this->release_url.size());
+uint32_t UpdateStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->missing_state);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->in_progress);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->has_progress);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->progress);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->current_version.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->latest_version.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->title.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->release_summary.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->release_url.size());
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
+  return size;
 }
 bool UpdateCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   switch (field_id) {
@@ -3369,7 +3579,11 @@ bool ZWaveProxyFrame::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited valu
   return true;
 }
 void ZWaveProxyFrame::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const { buffer.encode_bytes(1, this->data, this->data_len); }
-void ZWaveProxyFrame::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const { size.add_length(1, this->data_len); }
+uint32_t ZWaveProxyFrame::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->data_len);
+  return size;
+}
 bool ZWaveProxyRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 1:
@@ -3396,9 +3610,11 @@ void ZWaveProxyRequest::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->type));
   buffer.encode_bytes(2, this->data, this->data_len);
 }
-void ZWaveProxyRequest::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->type));
-  size.add_length(1, this->data_len);
+uint32_t ZWaveProxyRequest::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->type));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->data_len);
+  return size;
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_INFRARED
@@ -3416,19 +3632,21 @@ void ListEntitiesInfraredResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 #endif
   buffer.encode_uint32(8, this->capabilities);
 }
-void ListEntitiesInfraredResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_length(1, this->object_id.size());
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
-  size.add_length(1, this->name.size());
+uint32_t ListEntitiesInfraredResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->object_id.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-  size.add_length(1, this->icon.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->icon.size());
 #endif
-  size.add_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->capabilities);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->capabilities);
+  return size;
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_IR_RF
@@ -3482,16 +3700,18 @@ void InfraredRFReceiveEvent::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
     buffer.encode_sint32(3, it, true);
   }
 }
-void InfraredRFReceiveEvent::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
+uint32_t InfraredRFReceiveEvent::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->device_id);
 #endif
-  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32(1, this->key);
   if (!this->timings->empty()) {
     for (const auto &it : *this->timings) {
-      size.add_sint32_force(1, it);
+      size += ProtoSize::calc_sint32_force(1, it);
     }
   }
+  return size;
 }
 #endif
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h
index a97f6c0a76..89cb1158f3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h
@@ -388,8 +388,8 @@ class HelloResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
   uint32_t api_version_minor{0};
   StringRef server_info{};
   StringRef name{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -453,8 +453,8 @@ class AreaInfo final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
   uint32_t area_id{0};
   StringRef name{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -468,8 +468,8 @@ class DeviceInfo final : public ProtoMessage {
   uint32_t device_id{0};
   StringRef name{};
   uint32_t area_id{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -533,8 +533,8 @@ class DeviceInfoResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
   uint32_t zwave_home_id{0};
 #endif
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -564,8 +564,8 @@ class ListEntitiesBinarySensorResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 #endif
   StringRef device_class{};
   bool is_status_binary_sensor{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -581,8 +581,8 @@ class BinarySensorStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 #endif
   bool state{false};
   bool missing_state{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -603,8 +603,8 @@ class ListEntitiesCoverResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   bool supports_tilt{false};
   StringRef device_class{};
   bool supports_stop{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -621,8 +621,8 @@ class CoverStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
   float position{0.0f};
   float tilt{0.0f};
   enums::CoverOperation current_operation{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -663,8 +663,8 @@ class ListEntitiesFanResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   bool supports_direction{false};
   int32_t supported_speed_count{0};
   const std::vector<const char *> *supported_preset_modes{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -683,8 +683,8 @@ class FanStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
   enums::FanDirection direction{};
   int32_t speed_level{0};
   StringRef preset_mode{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -730,8 +730,8 @@ class ListEntitiesLightResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   float min_mireds{0.0f};
   float max_mireds{0.0f};
   const FixedVector<const char *> *effects{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -757,8 +757,8 @@ class LightStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
   float cold_white{0.0f};
   float warm_white{0.0f};
   StringRef effect{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -821,8 +821,8 @@ class ListEntitiesSensorResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   bool force_update{false};
   StringRef device_class{};
   enums::SensorStateClass state_class{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -838,8 +838,8 @@ class SensorStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 #endif
   float state{0.0f};
   bool missing_state{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -857,8 +857,8 @@ class ListEntitiesSwitchResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 #endif
   bool assumed_state{false};
   StringRef device_class{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -873,8 +873,8 @@ class SwitchStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
   const char *message_name() const override { return "switch_state_response"; }
 #endif
   bool state{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -907,8 +907,8 @@ class ListEntitiesTextSensorResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   const char *message_name() const override { return "list_entities_text_sensor_response"; }
 #endif
   StringRef device_class{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -924,8 +924,8 @@ class TextSensorStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 #endif
   StringRef state{};
   bool missing_state{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -963,8 +963,8 @@ class SubscribeLogsResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
     this->message_ptr_ = data;
     this->message_len_ = len;
   }
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -996,8 +996,8 @@ class NoiseEncryptionSetKeyResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
   const char *message_name() const override { return "noise_encryption_set_key_response"; }
 #endif
   bool success{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -1010,8 +1010,8 @@ class HomeassistantServiceMap final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
   StringRef key{};
   StringRef value{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -1039,8 +1039,8 @@ class HomeassistantActionRequest final : public ProtoMessage {
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
   StringRef response_template{};
 #endif
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -1083,8 +1083,8 @@ class SubscribeHomeAssistantStateResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
   StringRef entity_id{};
   StringRef attribute{};
   bool once{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -1174,8 +1174,8 @@ class ListEntitiesServicesArgument final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
   StringRef name{};
   enums::ServiceArgType type{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -1193,8 +1193,8 @@ class ListEntitiesServicesResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
   uint32_t key{0};
   FixedVector<ListEntitiesServicesArgument> args{};
   enums::SupportsResponseType supports_response{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -1263,8 +1263,8 @@ class ExecuteServiceResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
   const uint8_t *response_data{nullptr};
   uint16_t response_data_len{0};
 #endif
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -1280,8 +1280,8 @@ class ListEntitiesCameraResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *message_name() const override { return "list_entities_camera_response"; }
 #endif
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -1302,8 +1302,8 @@ class CameraImageResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
     this->data_len_ = len;
   }
   bool done{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -1353,8 +1353,8 @@ class ListEntitiesClimateResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   float visual_min_humidity{0.0f};
   float visual_max_humidity{0.0f};
   uint32_t feature_flags{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -1381,8 +1381,8 @@ class ClimateStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
   StringRef custom_preset{};
   float current_humidity{0.0f};
   float target_humidity{0.0f};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -1439,8 +1439,8 @@ class ListEntitiesWaterHeaterResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   float target_temperature_step{0.0f};
   const water_heater::WaterHeaterModeMask *supported_modes{};
   uint32_t supported_features{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -1460,8 +1460,8 @@ class WaterHeaterStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
   uint32_t state{0};
   float target_temperature_low{0.0f};
   float target_temperature_high{0.0f};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -1504,8 +1504,8 @@ class ListEntitiesNumberResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   StringRef unit_of_measurement{};
   enums::NumberMode mode{};
   StringRef device_class{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -1521,8 +1521,8 @@ class NumberStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 #endif
   float state{0.0f};
   bool missing_state{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -1555,8 +1555,8 @@ class ListEntitiesSelectResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   const char *message_name() const override { return "list_entities_select_response"; }
 #endif
   const FixedVector<const char *> *options{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -1572,8 +1572,8 @@ class SelectStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 #endif
   StringRef state{};
   bool missing_state{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -1609,8 +1609,8 @@ class ListEntitiesSirenResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   const FixedVector<const char *> *tones{};
   bool supports_duration{false};
   bool supports_volume{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -1625,8 +1625,8 @@ class SirenStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
   const char *message_name() const override { return "siren_state_response"; }
 #endif
   bool state{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -1670,8 +1670,8 @@ class ListEntitiesLockResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   bool supports_open{false};
   bool requires_code{false};
   StringRef code_format{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -1686,8 +1686,8 @@ class LockStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
   const char *message_name() const override { return "lock_state_response"; }
 #endif
   enums::LockState state{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -1723,8 +1723,8 @@ class ListEntitiesButtonResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   const char *message_name() const override { return "list_entities_button_response"; }
 #endif
   StringRef device_class{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -1755,8 +1755,8 @@ class MediaPlayerSupportedFormat final : public ProtoMessage {
   uint32_t num_channels{0};
   enums::MediaPlayerFormatPurpose purpose{};
   uint32_t sample_bytes{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -1773,8 +1773,8 @@ class ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   bool supports_pause{false};
   std::vector<MediaPlayerSupportedFormat> supported_formats{};
   uint32_t feature_flags{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -1791,8 +1791,8 @@ class MediaPlayerStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
   enums::MediaPlayerState state{};
   float volume{0.0f};
   bool muted{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -1847,8 +1847,8 @@ class BluetoothLERawAdvertisement final : public ProtoMessage {
   uint32_t address_type{0};
   uint8_t data[62]{};
   uint8_t data_len{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -1864,8 +1864,8 @@ class BluetoothLERawAdvertisementsResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 #endif
   std::array<BluetoothLERawAdvertisement, BLUETOOTH_PROXY_ADVERTISEMENT_BATCH_SIZE> advertisements{};
   uint16_t advertisements_len{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -1901,8 +1901,8 @@ class BluetoothDeviceConnectionResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
   bool connected{false};
   uint32_t mtu{0};
   int32_t error{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -1929,8 +1929,8 @@ class BluetoothGATTDescriptor final : public ProtoMessage {
   std::array<uint64_t, 2> uuid{};
   uint32_t handle{0};
   uint32_t short_uuid{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -1944,8 +1944,8 @@ class BluetoothGATTCharacteristic final : public ProtoMessage {
   uint32_t properties{0};
   FixedVector<BluetoothGATTDescriptor> descriptors{};
   uint32_t short_uuid{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -1958,8 +1958,8 @@ class BluetoothGATTService final : public ProtoMessage {
   uint32_t handle{0};
   FixedVector<BluetoothGATTCharacteristic> characteristics{};
   uint32_t short_uuid{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -1975,8 +1975,8 @@ class BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 #endif
   uint64_t address{0};
   std::vector<BluetoothGATTService> services{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -1991,8 +1991,8 @@ class BluetoothGATTGetServicesDoneResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
   const char *message_name() const override { return "bluetooth_gatt_get_services_done_response"; }
 #endif
   uint64_t address{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -2030,8 +2030,8 @@ class BluetoothGATTReadResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
     this->data_ptr_ = data;
     this->data_len_ = len;
   }
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -2125,8 +2125,8 @@ class BluetoothGATTNotifyDataResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
     this->data_ptr_ = data;
     this->data_len_ = len;
   }
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -2143,8 +2143,8 @@ class BluetoothConnectionsFreeResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
   uint32_t free{0};
   uint32_t limit{0};
   std::array<uint64_t, BLUETOOTH_PROXY_MAX_CONNECTIONS> allocated{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -2161,8 +2161,8 @@ class BluetoothGATTErrorResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
   uint64_t address{0};
   uint32_t handle{0};
   int32_t error{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -2178,8 +2178,8 @@ class BluetoothGATTWriteResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 #endif
   uint64_t address{0};
   uint32_t handle{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -2195,8 +2195,8 @@ class BluetoothGATTNotifyResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 #endif
   uint64_t address{0};
   uint32_t handle{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -2213,8 +2213,8 @@ class BluetoothDevicePairingResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
   uint64_t address{0};
   bool paired{false};
   int32_t error{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -2231,8 +2231,8 @@ class BluetoothDeviceUnpairingResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
   uint64_t address{0};
   bool success{false};
   int32_t error{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -2249,8 +2249,8 @@ class BluetoothDeviceClearCacheResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
   uint64_t address{0};
   bool success{false};
   int32_t error{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -2267,8 +2267,8 @@ class BluetoothScannerStateResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
   enums::BluetoothScannerState state{};
   enums::BluetoothScannerMode mode{};
   enums::BluetoothScannerMode configured_mode{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -2313,8 +2313,8 @@ class VoiceAssistantAudioSettings final : public ProtoMessage {
   uint32_t noise_suppression_level{0};
   uint32_t auto_gain{0};
   float volume_multiplier{0.0f};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -2333,8 +2333,8 @@ class VoiceAssistantRequest final : public ProtoMessage {
   uint32_t flags{0};
   VoiceAssistantAudioSettings audio_settings{};
   StringRef wake_word_phrase{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -2395,8 +2395,8 @@ class VoiceAssistantAudio final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
   const uint8_t *data{nullptr};
   uint16_t data_len{0};
   bool end{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -2453,8 +2453,8 @@ class VoiceAssistantAnnounceFinished final : public ProtoMessage {
   const char *message_name() const override { return "voice_assistant_announce_finished"; }
 #endif
   bool success{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -2466,8 +2466,8 @@ class VoiceAssistantWakeWord final : public ProtoMessage {
   StringRef id{};
   StringRef wake_word{};
   std::vector<std::string> trained_languages{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -2516,8 +2516,8 @@ class VoiceAssistantConfigurationResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
   std::vector<VoiceAssistantWakeWord> available_wake_words{};
   const std::vector<std::string> *active_wake_words{};
   uint32_t max_active_wake_words{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -2551,8 +2551,8 @@ class ListEntitiesAlarmControlPanelResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMess
   uint32_t supported_features{0};
   bool requires_code{false};
   bool requires_code_to_arm{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -2567,8 +2567,8 @@ class AlarmControlPanelStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
   const char *message_name() const override { return "alarm_control_panel_state_response"; }
 #endif
   enums::AlarmControlPanelState state{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -2606,8 +2606,8 @@ class ListEntitiesTextResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   uint32_t max_length{0};
   StringRef pattern{};
   enums::TextMode mode{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -2623,8 +2623,8 @@ class TextStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 #endif
   StringRef state{};
   bool missing_state{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -2657,8 +2657,8 @@ class ListEntitiesDateResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *message_name() const override { return "list_entities_date_response"; }
 #endif
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -2676,8 +2676,8 @@ class DateStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
   uint32_t year{0};
   uint32_t month{0};
   uint32_t day{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -2711,8 +2711,8 @@ class ListEntitiesTimeResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *message_name() const override { return "list_entities_time_response"; }
 #endif
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -2730,8 +2730,8 @@ class TimeStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
   uint32_t hour{0};
   uint32_t minute{0};
   uint32_t second{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -2767,8 +2767,8 @@ class ListEntitiesEventResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 #endif
   StringRef device_class{};
   const FixedVector<const char *> *event_types{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -2783,8 +2783,8 @@ class EventResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
   const char *message_name() const override { return "event_response"; }
 #endif
   StringRef event_type{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -2804,8 +2804,8 @@ class ListEntitiesValveResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   bool assumed_state{false};
   bool supports_position{false};
   bool supports_stop{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -2821,8 +2821,8 @@ class ValveStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 #endif
   float position{0.0f};
   enums::ValveOperation current_operation{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -2856,8 +2856,8 @@ class ListEntitiesDateTimeResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *message_name() const override { return "list_entities_date_time_response"; }
 #endif
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -2873,8 +2873,8 @@ class DateTimeStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 #endif
   bool missing_state{false};
   uint32_t epoch_seconds{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -2907,8 +2907,8 @@ class ListEntitiesUpdateResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   const char *message_name() const override { return "list_entities_update_response"; }
 #endif
   StringRef device_class{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -2931,8 +2931,8 @@ class UpdateStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
   StringRef title{};
   StringRef release_summary{};
   StringRef release_url{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -2966,8 +2966,8 @@ class ZWaveProxyFrame final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 #endif
   const uint8_t *data{nullptr};
   uint16_t data_len{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -2985,8 +2985,8 @@ class ZWaveProxyRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
   enums::ZWaveProxyRequestType type{};
   const uint8_t *data{nullptr};
   uint16_t data_len{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -3005,8 +3005,8 @@ class ListEntitiesInfraredResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   const char *message_name() const override { return "list_entities_infrared_response"; }
 #endif
   uint32_t capabilities{0};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -3052,8 +3052,8 @@ class InfraredRFReceiveEvent final : public ProtoMessage {
 #endif
   uint32_t key{0};
   const std::vector<int32_t> *timings{};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h
index 1441507406..e70b97196b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h
@@ -19,14 +19,6 @@ class APIServerConnectionBase : public ProtoService {
  public:
 #endif
 
-  bool send_message(const ProtoMessage &msg, uint8_t message_type) {
-#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-    DumpBuffer dump_buf;
-    this->log_send_message_(msg.message_name(), msg.dump_to(dump_buf));
-#endif
-    return this->send_message_impl(msg, message_type);
-  }
-
   virtual void on_hello_request(const HelloRequest &value){};
 
   virtual void on_disconnect_request(){};
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp
index 0352d7347b..06816fe3e0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp
@@ -359,11 +359,11 @@ void APIServer::on_update(update::UpdateEntity *obj) {
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
-void APIServer::on_zwave_proxy_request(const esphome::api::ProtoMessage &msg) {
+void APIServer::on_zwave_proxy_request(const ZWaveProxyRequest &msg) {
   // We could add code to manage a second subscription type, but, since this message type is
   //  very infrequent and small, we simply send it to all clients
   for (auto &c : this->clients_)
-    c->send_message(msg, api::ZWaveProxyRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+    c->send_message(msg);
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -531,7 +531,7 @@ bool APIServer::update_noise_psk_(const SavedNoisePsk &new_psk, const LogString
       this->set_noise_psk(active_psk);
       for (auto &c : this->clients_) {
         DisconnectRequest req;
-        c->send_message(req, DisconnectRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+        c->send_message(req);
       }
     });
   }
@@ -631,7 +631,7 @@ void APIServer::on_shutdown() {
   // Send disconnect requests to all connected clients
   for (auto &c : this->clients_) {
     DisconnectRequest req;
-    if (!c->send_message(req, DisconnectRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE)) {
+    if (!c->send_message(req)) {
       // If we can't send the disconnect request directly (tx_buffer full),
       // schedule it at the front of the batch so it will be sent with priority
       c->schedule_message_front_(nullptr, DisconnectRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE, DisconnectRequest::ESTIMATED_SIZE);
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_server.h b/esphome/components/api/api_server.h
index 6eff2005f8..e6c10d1595 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_server.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_server.h
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ class APIServer : public Component,
   void on_update(update::UpdateEntity *obj) override;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
-  void on_zwave_proxy_request(const esphome::api::ProtoMessage &msg);
+  void on_zwave_proxy_request(const ZWaveProxyRequest &msg);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_IR_RF
   void send_infrared_rf_receive_event(uint32_t device_id, uint32_t key, const std::vector<int32_t> *timings);
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/list_entities.cpp b/esphome/components/api/list_entities.cpp
index fe43a47c3b..0a94c1699b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/list_entities.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/list_entities.cpp
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ ListEntitiesIterator::ListEntitiesIterator(APIConnection *client) : client_(clie
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
 bool ListEntitiesIterator::on_service(UserServiceDescriptor *service) {
   auto resp = service->encode_list_service_response();
-  return this->client_->send_message(resp, ListEntitiesServicesResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+  return this->client_->send_message(resp);
 }
 #endif
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/proto.h b/esphome/components/api/proto.h
index 750fff0810..702208d9de 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/proto.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/proto.h
@@ -364,7 +364,11 @@ class ProtoWriteBuffer {
   /// Encode a packed repeated sint32 field (zero-copy from vector)
   void encode_packed_sint32(uint32_t field_id, const std::vector<int32_t> &values);
   /// Encode a nested message field (force=true for repeated, false for singular)
-  void encode_message(uint32_t field_id, const ProtoMessage &value, bool force = true);
+  /// Templated so concrete message type is preserved for direct encode/calculate_size calls.
+  template<typename T> void encode_message(uint32_t field_id, const T &value, bool force = true);
+  // Non-template core for encode_message — all buffer work happens here
+  void encode_message(uint32_t field_id, uint32_t msg_length_bytes, const void *value,
+                      void (*encode_fn)(const void *, ProtoWriteBuffer &), bool force);
   std::vector<uint8_t> *get_buffer() const { return buffer_; }
 
  protected:
@@ -452,20 +456,20 @@ class DumpBuffer {
 
 class ProtoMessage {
  public:
-  // Default implementation for messages with no fields
-  virtual void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {}
-  // Default implementation for messages with no fields
-  virtual void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {}
-  // Convenience: calculate and return size directly (defined after ProtoSize)
-  uint32_t calculated_size() const;
+  // Non-virtual defaults for messages with no fields.
+  // Concrete message classes hide these with their own implementations.
+  // All call sites use templates to preserve the concrete type, so virtual
+  // dispatch is not needed. This eliminates per-message vtable entries for
+  // encode/calculate_size, saving ~1.3 KB of flash across all message types.
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {}
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const { return 0; }
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   virtual const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const = 0;
   virtual const char *message_name() const { return "unknown"; }
 #endif
 
  protected:
-  // Non-virtual: messages are never deleted polymorphically.
-  // Protected prevents accidental `delete base_ptr` (compile error).
+  // Non-virtual destructor is protected to prevent polymorphic deletion.
   ~ProtoMessage() = default;
 };
 
@@ -494,32 +498,7 @@ class ProtoDecodableMessage : public ProtoMessage {
 };
 
 class ProtoSize {
- private:
-  uint32_t total_size_ = 0;
-
  public:
-  /**
-   * @brief ProtoSize class for Protocol Buffer serialization size calculation
-   *
-   * This class provides methods to calculate the exact byte counts needed
-   * for encoding various Protocol Buffer field types. The class now uses an
-   * object-based approach to reduce parameter passing overhead while keeping
-   * varint calculation methods static for external use.
-   *
-   * Implements Protocol Buffer encoding size calculation according to:
-   * https://protobuf.dev/programming-guides/encoding/
-   *
-   * Key features:
-   * - Object-based approach reduces flash usage by eliminating parameter passing
-   * - Early-return optimization for zero/default values
-   * - Static varint methods for external callers
-   * - Specialized handling for different field types according to protobuf spec
-   */
-
-  ProtoSize() = default;
-
-  uint32_t get_size() const { return total_size_; }
-
   /**
    * @brief Calculates the size in bytes needed to encode a uint32_t value as a varint
    *
@@ -616,320 +595,77 @@ class ProtoSize {
     return varint(tag);
   }
 
-  /**
-   * @brief Common parameters for all add_*_field methods
-   *
-   * All add_*_field methods follow these common patterns:
-   *   * @param field_id_size Pre-calculated size of the field ID in bytes
-   * @param value The value to calculate size for (type varies)
-   * @param force Whether to calculate size even if the value is default/zero/empty
-   *
-   * Each method follows this implementation pattern:
-   * 1. Skip calculation if value is default (0, false, empty) and not forced
-   * 2. Calculate the size based on the field's encoding rules
-   * 3. Add the field_id_size + calculated value size to total_size
-   */
-
-  /**
-   * @brief Calculates and adds the size of an int32 field to the total message size
-   */
-  inline void add_int32(uint32_t field_id_size, int32_t value) {
-    if (value != 0) {
-      add_int32_force(field_id_size, value);
-    }
+  // Static methods that RETURN size contribution (no ProtoSize object needed).
+  // Used by generated calculate_size() methods to accumulate into a plain uint32_t register.
+  static constexpr uint32_t calc_int32(uint32_t field_id_size, int32_t value) {
+    return value ? field_id_size + (value < 0 ? 10 : varint(static_cast<uint32_t>(value))) : 0;
   }
-
-  /**
-   * @brief Calculates and adds the size of an int32 field to the total message size (force version)
-   */
-  inline void add_int32_force(uint32_t field_id_size, int32_t value) {
-    // Always calculate size when forced
-    // Negative values are encoded as 10-byte varints in protobuf
-    total_size_ += field_id_size + (value < 0 ? 10 : varint(static_cast<uint32_t>(value)));
+  static constexpr uint32_t calc_int32_force(uint32_t field_id_size, int32_t value) {
+    return field_id_size + (value < 0 ? 10 : varint(static_cast<uint32_t>(value)));
   }
-
-  /**
-   * @brief Calculates and adds the size of a uint32 field to the total message size
-   */
-  inline void add_uint32(uint32_t field_id_size, uint32_t value) {
-    if (value != 0) {
-      add_uint32_force(field_id_size, value);
-    }
+  static constexpr uint32_t calc_uint32(uint32_t field_id_size, uint32_t value) {
+    return value ? field_id_size + varint(value) : 0;
   }
-
-  /**
-   * @brief Calculates and adds the size of a uint32 field to the total message size (force version)
-   */
-  inline void add_uint32_force(uint32_t field_id_size, uint32_t value) {
-    // Always calculate size when force is true
-    total_size_ += field_id_size + varint(value);
+  static constexpr uint32_t calc_uint32_force(uint32_t field_id_size, uint32_t value) {
+    return field_id_size + varint(value);
   }
-
-  /**
-   * @brief Calculates and adds the size of a boolean field to the total message size
-   */
-  inline void add_bool(uint32_t field_id_size, bool value) {
-    if (value) {
-      // Boolean fields always use 1 byte when true
-      total_size_ += field_id_size + 1;
-    }
+  static constexpr uint32_t calc_bool(uint32_t field_id_size, bool value) { return value ? field_id_size + 1 : 0; }
+  static constexpr uint32_t calc_bool_force(uint32_t field_id_size) { return field_id_size + 1; }
+  static constexpr uint32_t calc_float(uint32_t field_id_size, float value) {
+    return value != 0.0f ? field_id_size + 4 : 0;
   }
-
-  /**
-   * @brief Calculates and adds the size of a boolean field to the total message size (force version)
-   */
-  inline void add_bool_force(uint32_t field_id_size, bool value) {
-    // Always calculate size when force is true
-    // Boolean fields always use 1 byte
-    total_size_ += field_id_size + 1;
+  static constexpr uint32_t calc_fixed32(uint32_t field_id_size, uint32_t value) {
+    return value ? field_id_size + 4 : 0;
   }
-
-  /**
-   * @brief Calculates and adds the size of a float field to the total message size
-   */
-  inline void add_float(uint32_t field_id_size, float value) {
-    if (value != 0.0f) {
-      total_size_ += field_id_size + 4;
-    }
+  static constexpr uint32_t calc_sfixed32(uint32_t field_id_size, int32_t value) {
+    return value ? field_id_size + 4 : 0;
   }
-
-  // NOTE: add_double_field removed - wire type 1 (64-bit: double) not supported
-  // to reduce overhead on embedded systems
-
-  /**
-   * @brief Calculates and adds the size of a fixed32 field to the total message size
-   */
-  inline void add_fixed32(uint32_t field_id_size, uint32_t value) {
-    if (value != 0) {
-      total_size_ += field_id_size + 4;
-    }
+  static constexpr uint32_t calc_sint32(uint32_t field_id_size, int32_t value) {
+    return value ? field_id_size + varint(encode_zigzag32(value)) : 0;
   }
-
-  // NOTE: add_fixed64_field removed - wire type 1 (64-bit: fixed64) not supported
-  // to reduce overhead on embedded systems
-
-  /**
-   * @brief Calculates and adds the size of a sfixed32 field to the total message size
-   */
-  inline void add_sfixed32(uint32_t field_id_size, int32_t value) {
-    if (value != 0) {
-      total_size_ += field_id_size + 4;
-    }
+  static constexpr uint32_t calc_sint32_force(uint32_t field_id_size, int32_t value) {
+    return field_id_size + varint(encode_zigzag32(value));
   }
-
-  // NOTE: add_sfixed64_field removed - wire type 1 (64-bit: sfixed64) not supported
-  // to reduce overhead on embedded systems
-
-  /**
-   * @brief Calculates and adds the size of a sint32 field to the total message size
-   *
-   * Sint32 fields use ZigZag encoding, which is more efficient for negative values.
-   */
-  inline void add_sint32(uint32_t field_id_size, int32_t value) {
-    if (value != 0) {
-      add_sint32_force(field_id_size, value);
-    }
+  static constexpr uint32_t calc_int64(uint32_t field_id_size, int64_t value) {
+    return value ? field_id_size + varint(value) : 0;
   }
-
-  /**
-   * @brief Calculates and adds the size of a sint32 field to the total message size (force version)
-   *
-   * Sint32 fields use ZigZag encoding, which is more efficient for negative values.
-   */
-  inline void add_sint32_force(uint32_t field_id_size, int32_t value) {
-    // Always calculate size when force is true
-    // ZigZag encoding for sint32
-    total_size_ += field_id_size + varint(encode_zigzag32(value));
+  static constexpr uint32_t calc_int64_force(uint32_t field_id_size, int64_t value) {
+    return field_id_size + varint(value);
   }
-
-  /**
-   * @brief Calculates and adds the size of an int64 field to the total message size
-   */
-  inline void add_int64(uint32_t field_id_size, int64_t value) {
-    if (value != 0) {
-      add_int64_force(field_id_size, value);
-    }
+  static constexpr uint32_t calc_uint64(uint32_t field_id_size, uint64_t value) {
+    return value ? field_id_size + varint(value) : 0;
   }
-
-  /**
-   * @brief Calculates and adds the size of an int64 field to the total message size (force version)
-   */
-  inline void add_int64_force(uint32_t field_id_size, int64_t value) {
-    // Always calculate size when force is true
-    total_size_ += field_id_size + varint(value);
+  static constexpr uint32_t calc_uint64_force(uint32_t field_id_size, uint64_t value) {
+    return field_id_size + varint(value);
   }
-
-  /**
-   * @brief Calculates and adds the size of a uint64 field to the total message size
-   */
-  inline void add_uint64(uint32_t field_id_size, uint64_t value) {
-    if (value != 0) {
-      add_uint64_force(field_id_size, value);
-    }
+  static constexpr uint32_t calc_length(uint32_t field_id_size, size_t len) {
+    return len ? field_id_size + varint(static_cast<uint32_t>(len)) + static_cast<uint32_t>(len) : 0;
   }
-
-  /**
-   * @brief Calculates and adds the size of a uint64 field to the total message size (force version)
-   */
-  inline void add_uint64_force(uint32_t field_id_size, uint64_t value) {
-    // Always calculate size when force is true
-    total_size_ += field_id_size + varint(value);
+  static constexpr uint32_t calc_length_force(uint32_t field_id_size, size_t len) {
+    return field_id_size + varint(static_cast<uint32_t>(len)) + static_cast<uint32_t>(len);
   }
-
-  // NOTE: sint64 support functions (add_sint64_field, add_sint64_field_force) removed
-  // sint64 type is not supported by ESPHome API to reduce overhead on embedded systems
-
-  /**
-   * @brief Calculates and adds the size of a length-delimited field (string/bytes) to the total message size
-   */
-  inline void add_length(uint32_t field_id_size, size_t len) {
-    if (len != 0) {
-      add_length_force(field_id_size, len);
-    }
+  static constexpr uint32_t calc_sint64(uint32_t field_id_size, int64_t value) {
+    return value ? field_id_size + varint(encode_zigzag64(value)) : 0;
   }
-
-  /**
-   * @brief Calculates and adds the size of a length-delimited field (string/bytes) to the total message size (repeated
-   * field version)
-   */
-  inline void add_length_force(uint32_t field_id_size, size_t len) {
-    // Always calculate size when force is true
-    // Field ID + length varint + data bytes
-    total_size_ += field_id_size + varint(static_cast<uint32_t>(len)) + static_cast<uint32_t>(len);
+  static constexpr uint32_t calc_sint64_force(uint32_t field_id_size, int64_t value) {
+    return field_id_size + varint(encode_zigzag64(value));
   }
-
-  /**
-   * @brief Adds a pre-calculated size directly to the total
-   *
-   * This is used when we can calculate the total size by multiplying the number
-   * of elements by the bytes per element (for repeated fixed-size types like float, fixed32, etc.)
-   *
-   * @param size The pre-calculated total size to add
-   */
-  inline void add_precalculated_size(uint32_t size) { total_size_ += size; }
-
-  /**
-   * @brief Calculates and adds the size of a nested message field to the total message size
-   *
-   * This helper function directly updates the total_size reference if the nested size
-   * is greater than zero.
-   *
-   * @param nested_size The pre-calculated size of the nested message
-   */
-  inline void add_message_field(uint32_t field_id_size, uint32_t nested_size) {
-    if (nested_size != 0) {
-      add_message_field_force(field_id_size, nested_size);
-    }
+  static constexpr uint32_t calc_fixed64(uint32_t field_id_size, uint64_t value) {
+    return value ? field_id_size + 8 : 0;
   }
-
-  /**
-   * @brief Calculates and adds the size of a nested message field to the total message size (force version)
-   *
-   * @param nested_size The pre-calculated size of the nested message
-   */
-  inline void add_message_field_force(uint32_t field_id_size, uint32_t nested_size) {
-    // Always calculate size when force is true
-    // Field ID + length varint + nested message content
-    total_size_ += field_id_size + varint(nested_size) + nested_size;
+  static constexpr uint32_t calc_sfixed64(uint32_t field_id_size, int64_t value) {
+    return value ? field_id_size + 8 : 0;
   }
-
-  /**
-   * @brief Calculates and adds the size of a nested message field to the total message size
-   *
-   * This version takes a ProtoMessage object, calculates its size internally,
-   * and updates the total_size reference. This eliminates the need for a temporary variable
-   * at the call site.
-   *
-   * @param message The nested message object
-   */
-  inline void add_message_object(uint32_t field_id_size, const ProtoMessage &message) {
-    // Calculate nested message size by creating a temporary ProtoSize
-    ProtoSize nested_calc;
-    message.calculate_size(nested_calc);
-    uint32_t nested_size = nested_calc.get_size();
-
-    // Use the base implementation with the calculated nested_size
-    add_message_field(field_id_size, nested_size);
+  static constexpr uint32_t calc_message(uint32_t field_id_size, uint32_t nested_size) {
+    return nested_size ? field_id_size + varint(nested_size) + nested_size : 0;
   }
-
-  /**
-   * @brief Calculates and adds the size of a nested message field to the total message size (force version)
-   *
-   * @param message The nested message object
-   */
-  inline void add_message_object_force(uint32_t field_id_size, const ProtoMessage &message) {
-    // Calculate nested message size by creating a temporary ProtoSize
-    ProtoSize nested_calc;
-    message.calculate_size(nested_calc);
-    uint32_t nested_size = nested_calc.get_size();
-
-    // Use the base implementation with the calculated nested_size
-    add_message_field_force(field_id_size, nested_size);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * @brief Calculates and adds the sizes of all messages in a repeated field to the total message size
-   *
-   * This helper processes a vector of message objects, calculating the size for each message
-   * and adding it to the total size.
-   *
-   * @tparam MessageType The type of the nested messages in the vector
-   * @param messages Vector of message objects
-   */
-  template<typename MessageType>
-  inline void add_repeated_message(uint32_t field_id_size, const std::vector<MessageType> &messages) {
-    // Skip if the vector is empty
-    if (!messages.empty()) {
-      // Use the force version for all messages in the repeated field
-      for (const auto &message : messages) {
-        add_message_object_force(field_id_size, message);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * @brief Calculates and adds the sizes of all messages in a repeated field to the total message size (FixedVector
-   * version)
-   *
-   * @tparam MessageType The type of the nested messages in the FixedVector
-   * @param messages FixedVector of message objects
-   */
-  template<typename MessageType>
-  inline void add_repeated_message(uint32_t field_id_size, const FixedVector<MessageType> &messages) {
-    // Skip if the fixed vector is empty
-    if (!messages.empty()) {
-      // Use the force version for all messages in the repeated field
-      for (const auto &message : messages) {
-        add_message_object_force(field_id_size, message);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * @brief Calculate size of a packed repeated sint32 field
-   */
-  inline void add_packed_sint32(uint32_t field_id_size, const std::vector<int32_t> &values) {
-    if (values.empty())
-      return;
-
-    size_t packed_size = 0;
-    for (int value : values) {
-      packed_size += varint(encode_zigzag32(value));
-    }
-
-    // field_id + length varint + packed data
-    total_size_ += field_id_size + varint(static_cast<uint32_t>(packed_size)) + static_cast<uint32_t>(packed_size);
+  static constexpr uint32_t calc_message_force(uint32_t field_id_size, uint32_t nested_size) {
+    return field_id_size + varint(nested_size) + nested_size;
   }
 };
 
 // Implementation of methods that depend on ProtoSize being fully defined
 
-inline uint32_t ProtoMessage::calculated_size() const {
-  ProtoSize size;
-  this->calculate_size(size);
-  return size.get_size();
-}
-
 // Implementation of encode_packed_sint32 - must be after ProtoSize is defined
 inline void ProtoWriteBuffer::encode_packed_sint32(uint32_t field_id, const std::vector<int32_t> &values) {
   if (values.empty())
@@ -949,31 +685,30 @@ inline void ProtoWriteBuffer::encode_packed_sint32(uint32_t field_id, const std:
   }
 }
 
-// Implementation of encode_message - must be after ProtoMessage is defined
-inline void ProtoWriteBuffer::encode_message(uint32_t field_id, const ProtoMessage &value, bool force) {
-  // Calculate the message size first
-  ProtoSize msg_size;
-  value.calculate_size(msg_size);
-  uint32_t msg_length_bytes = msg_size.get_size();
+// Encode thunk — converts void* back to concrete type for direct encode() call
+template<typename T> void proto_encode_msg(const void *msg, ProtoWriteBuffer &buf) {
+  static_cast<const T *>(msg)->encode(buf);
+}
 
-  // Skip empty singular messages (matches add_message_field which skips when nested_size == 0)
-  // Repeated messages (force=true) are always encoded since an empty item is meaningful
+// Implementation of encode_message - must be after ProtoMessage is defined
+template<typename T> inline void ProtoWriteBuffer::encode_message(uint32_t field_id, const T &value, bool force) {
+  this->encode_message(field_id, value.calculate_size(), &value, &proto_encode_msg<T>, force);
+}
+
+// Non-template core for encode_message
+inline void ProtoWriteBuffer::encode_message(uint32_t field_id, uint32_t msg_length_bytes, const void *value,
+                                             void (*encode_fn)(const void *, ProtoWriteBuffer &), bool force) {
   if (msg_length_bytes == 0 && !force)
     return;
-
-  this->encode_field_raw(field_id, 2);  // type 2: Length-delimited message
-
-  // Write the length varint directly through pos_
+  this->encode_field_raw(field_id, 2);
   this->encode_varint_raw(msg_length_bytes);
-
-  // Encode nested message - pos_ advances directly through the reference
 #ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_API
   uint8_t *start = this->pos_;
-  value.encode(*this);
+  encode_fn(value, *this);
   if (static_cast<uint32_t>(this->pos_ - start) != msg_length_bytes)
     this->debug_check_encode_size_(field_id, msg_length_bytes, this->pos_ - start);
 #else
-  value.encode(*this);
+  encode_fn(value, *this);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -993,14 +728,6 @@ class ProtoService {
   virtual void on_no_setup_connection() = 0;
   virtual bool send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, uint8_t message_type) = 0;
   virtual void read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const uint8_t *msg_data) = 0;
-  /**
-   * Send a protobuf message by calculating its size, allocating a buffer, encoding, and sending.
-   * This is the implementation method - callers should use send_message() which adds logging.
-   * @param msg The protobuf message to send.
-   * @param message_type The message type identifier.
-   * @return True if the message was sent successfully, false otherwise.
-   */
-  virtual bool send_message_impl(const ProtoMessage &msg, uint8_t message_type) = 0;
 
   // Authentication helper methods
   inline bool check_connection_setup_() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_connection.cpp b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_connection.cpp
index b2000fbd94..21573f0184 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_connection.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_connection.cpp
@@ -183,10 +183,7 @@ void BluetoothConnection::send_service_for_discovery_() {
   static constexpr size_t MAX_PACKET_SIZE = 1360;
 
   // Keep running total of actual message size
-  size_t current_size = 0;
-  api::ProtoSize size;
-  resp.calculate_size(size);
-  current_size = size.get_size();
+  size_t current_size = resp.calculate_size();
 
   while (this->send_service_ < this->service_count_) {
     esp_gattc_service_elem_t service_result;
@@ -302,9 +299,7 @@ void BluetoothConnection::send_service_for_discovery_() {
     }  // end if (total_char_count > 0)
 
     // Calculate the actual size of just this service
-    api::ProtoSize service_sizer;
-    service_resp.calculate_size(service_sizer);
-    size_t service_size = service_sizer.get_size() + 1;  // +1 for field tag
+    size_t service_size = service_resp.calculate_size() + 1;  // +1 for field tag
 
     // Check if adding this service would exceed the limit
     if (current_size + service_size > MAX_PACKET_SIZE) {
@@ -333,7 +328,7 @@ void BluetoothConnection::send_service_for_discovery_() {
   }
 
   // Send the message with dynamically batched services
-  api_conn->send_message(resp, api::BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+  api_conn->send_message(resp);
 }
 
 void BluetoothConnection::log_connection_error_(const char *operation, esp_gatt_status_t status) {
@@ -422,7 +417,7 @@ bool BluetoothConnection::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_ga
       resp.address = this->address_;
       resp.handle = param->read.handle;
       resp.set_data(param->read.value, param->read.value_len);
-      api_connection->send_message(resp, api::BluetoothGATTReadResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+      api_connection->send_message(resp);
       break;
     }
     case ESP_GATTC_WRITE_CHAR_EVT:
@@ -438,7 +433,7 @@ bool BluetoothConnection::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_ga
       api::BluetoothGATTWriteResponse resp;
       resp.address = this->address_;
       resp.handle = param->write.handle;
-      api_connection->send_message(resp, api::BluetoothGATTWriteResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+      api_connection->send_message(resp);
       break;
     }
     case ESP_GATTC_UNREG_FOR_NOTIFY_EVT: {
@@ -454,7 +449,7 @@ bool BluetoothConnection::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_ga
       api::BluetoothGATTNotifyResponse resp;
       resp.address = this->address_;
       resp.handle = param->unreg_for_notify.handle;
-      api_connection->send_message(resp, api::BluetoothGATTNotifyResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+      api_connection->send_message(resp);
       break;
     }
     case ESP_GATTC_REG_FOR_NOTIFY_EVT: {
@@ -470,7 +465,7 @@ bool BluetoothConnection::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_ga
       api::BluetoothGATTNotifyResponse resp;
       resp.address = this->address_;
       resp.handle = param->reg_for_notify.handle;
-      api_connection->send_message(resp, api::BluetoothGATTNotifyResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+      api_connection->send_message(resp);
       break;
     }
     case ESP_GATTC_NOTIFY_EVT: {
@@ -483,7 +478,7 @@ bool BluetoothConnection::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_ga
       resp.address = this->address_;
       resp.handle = param->notify.handle;
       resp.set_data(param->notify.value, param->notify.value_len);
-      api_connection->send_message(resp, api::BluetoothGATTNotifyDataResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+      api_connection->send_message(resp);
       break;
     }
     default:
diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.cpp b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.cpp
index cab328e2f5..21da4ead14 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.cpp
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ void BluetoothProxy::send_bluetooth_scanner_state_(esp32_ble_tracker::ScannerSta
   resp.configured_mode = this->configured_scan_active_
                              ? api::enums::BluetoothScannerMode::BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_MODE_ACTIVE
                              : api::enums::BluetoothScannerMode::BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_MODE_PASSIVE;
-  this->api_connection_->send_message(resp, api::BluetoothScannerStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+  this->api_connection_->send_message(resp);
 }
 
 void BluetoothProxy::log_connection_request_ignored_(BluetoothConnection *connection, espbt::ClientState state) {
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ void BluetoothProxy::flush_pending_advertisements() {
     return;
 
   // Send the message
-  this->api_connection_->send_message(this->response_, api::BluetoothLERawAdvertisementsResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+  this->api_connection_->send_message(this->response_);
 
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Sent batch of %u BLE advertisements", this->response_.advertisements_len);
 
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_device_request(const api::BluetoothDeviceRequest
       call.success = ret == ESP_OK;
       call.error = ret;
 
-      this->api_connection_->send_message(call, api::BluetoothDeviceClearCacheResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+      this->api_connection_->send_message(call);
 
       break;
     }
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ void BluetoothProxy::send_device_connection(uint64_t address, bool connected, ui
   call.connected = connected;
   call.mtu = mtu;
   call.error = error;
-  this->api_connection_->send_message(call, api::BluetoothDeviceConnectionResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+  this->api_connection_->send_message(call);
 }
 void BluetoothProxy::send_connections_free() {
   if (this->api_connection_ != nullptr) {
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ void BluetoothProxy::send_connections_free() {
 }
 
 void BluetoothProxy::send_connections_free(api::APIConnection *api_connection) {
-  api_connection->send_message(this->connections_free_response_, api::BluetoothConnectionsFreeResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+  api_connection->send_message(this->connections_free_response_);
 }
 
 void BluetoothProxy::send_gatt_services_done(uint64_t address) {
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ void BluetoothProxy::send_gatt_services_done(uint64_t address) {
     return;
   api::BluetoothGATTGetServicesDoneResponse call;
   call.address = address;
-  this->api_connection_->send_message(call, api::BluetoothGATTGetServicesDoneResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+  this->api_connection_->send_message(call);
 }
 
 void BluetoothProxy::send_gatt_error(uint64_t address, uint16_t handle, esp_err_t error) {
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ void BluetoothProxy::send_gatt_error(uint64_t address, uint16_t handle, esp_err_
   call.address = address;
   call.handle = handle;
   call.error = error;
-  this->api_connection_->send_message(call, api::BluetoothGATTWriteResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+  this->api_connection_->send_message(call);
 }
 
 void BluetoothProxy::send_device_pairing(uint64_t address, bool paired, esp_err_t error) {
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ void BluetoothProxy::send_device_pairing(uint64_t address, bool paired, esp_err_
   call.paired = paired;
   call.error = error;
 
-  this->api_connection_->send_message(call, api::BluetoothDevicePairingResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+  this->api_connection_->send_message(call);
 }
 
 void BluetoothProxy::send_device_unpairing(uint64_t address, bool success, esp_err_t error) {
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ void BluetoothProxy::send_device_unpairing(uint64_t address, bool success, esp_e
   call.success = success;
   call.error = error;
 
-  this->api_connection_->send_message(call, api::BluetoothDeviceUnpairingResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+  this->api_connection_->send_message(call);
 }
 
 void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_scanner_set_mode(bool active) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/voice_assistant/voice_assistant.cpp b/esphome/components/voice_assistant/voice_assistant.cpp
index d6cbfd4b21..51d52a8af8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/voice_assistant/voice_assistant.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/voice_assistant/voice_assistant.cpp
@@ -251,8 +251,7 @@ void VoiceAssistant::loop() {
       }
 #endif
 
-      if (this->api_client_ == nullptr ||
-          !this->api_client_->send_message(msg, api::VoiceAssistantRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE)) {
+      if (this->api_client_ == nullptr || !this->api_client_->send_message(msg)) {
         ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Could not request start");
         this->error_trigger_.trigger("not-connected", "Could not request start");
         this->continuous_ = false;
@@ -275,7 +274,7 @@ void VoiceAssistant::loop() {
           api::VoiceAssistantAudio msg;
           msg.data = this->send_buffer_;
           msg.data_len = read_bytes;
-          this->api_client_->send_message(msg, api::VoiceAssistantAudio::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+          this->api_client_->send_message(msg);
         } else {
           if (!this->udp_socket_running_) {
             if (!this->start_udp_socket_()) {
@@ -354,7 +353,7 @@ void VoiceAssistant::loop() {
 
           api::VoiceAssistantAnnounceFinished msg;
           msg.success = true;
-          this->api_client_->send_message(msg, api::VoiceAssistantAnnounceFinished::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+          this->api_client_->send_message(msg);
           break;
         }
       }
@@ -612,7 +611,7 @@ void VoiceAssistant::signal_stop_() {
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Signaling stop");
   api::VoiceAssistantRequest msg;
   msg.start = false;
-  this->api_client_->send_message(msg, api::VoiceAssistantRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+  this->api_client_->send_message(msg);
 }
 
 void VoiceAssistant::start_playback_timeout_() {
@@ -622,7 +621,7 @@ void VoiceAssistant::start_playback_timeout_() {
 
     api::VoiceAssistantAnnounceFinished msg;
     msg.success = true;
-    this->api_client_->send_message(msg, api::VoiceAssistantAnnounceFinished::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+    this->api_client_->send_message(msg);
   });
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.cpp b/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.cpp
index b0836ac072..9e5c57814d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.cpp
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ void ZWaveProxy::process_uart_() {
           // If this is a data frame, use frame length indicator + 2 (for SoF + checksum), else assume 1 for ACK/NAK/CAN
           this->outgoing_proto_msg_.data_len = this->buffer_[0] == ZWAVE_FRAME_TYPE_START ? this->buffer_[1] + 2 : 1;
         }
-        this->api_connection_->send_message(this->outgoing_proto_msg_, api::ZWaveProxyFrame::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+        this->api_connection_->send_message(this->outgoing_proto_msg_);
       }
     }
   }
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ void ZWaveProxy::send_homeid_changed_msg_(api::APIConnection *conn) {
   msg.data_len = this->home_id_.size();
   if (conn != nullptr) {
     // Send to specific connection
-    conn->send_message(msg, api::ZWaveProxyRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+    conn->send_message(msg);
   } else if (api::global_api_server != nullptr) {
     // We could add code to manage a second subscription type, but, since this message is
     //  very infrequent and small, we simply send it to all clients
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ void ZWaveProxy::parse_start_(uint8_t byte) {
     this->buffer_[0] = byte;
     this->outgoing_proto_msg_.data = this->buffer_.data();
     this->outgoing_proto_msg_.data_len = 1;
-    this->api_connection_->send_message(this->outgoing_proto_msg_, api::ZWaveProxyFrame::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+    this->api_connection_->send_message(this->outgoing_proto_msg_);
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py b/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
index 9c9cda4d36..85352689e6 100755
--- a/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
+++ b/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
@@ -270,18 +270,21 @@ class TypeInfo(ABC):
     def _get_simple_size_calculation(
         self, name: str, force: bool, base_method: str, value_expr: str = None
     ) -> str:
-        """Helper for simple size calculations.
+        """Helper for simple size calculations using static ProtoSize methods.
 
         Args:
             name: Field name
             force: Whether this is for a repeated field
-            base_method: Base method name (e.g., "add_int32")
+            base_method: Base method name (e.g., "int32")
             value_expr: Optional value expression (defaults to name)
         """
         field_id_size = self.calculate_field_id_size()
-        method = f"{base_method}_force" if force else base_method
+        method = f"calc_{base_method}_force" if force else f"calc_{base_method}"
+        # calc_bool_force only takes field_id_size (no value needed - bool is always 1 byte)
+        if base_method == "bool" and force:
+            return f"size += ProtoSize::{method}({field_id_size});"
         value = value_expr or name
-        return f"size.{method}({field_id_size}, {value});"
+        return f"size += ProtoSize::{method}({field_id_size}, {value});"
 
     @abstractmethod
     def get_size_calculation(self, name: str, force: bool = False) -> str:
@@ -410,7 +413,7 @@ class DoubleType(TypeInfo):
 
     def get_size_calculation(self, name: str, force: bool = False) -> str:
         field_id_size = self.calculate_field_id_size()
-        return f"size.add_double({field_id_size}, {name});"
+        return f"size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed64({field_id_size}, {name});"
 
     def get_fixed_size_bytes(self) -> int:
         return 8
@@ -434,7 +437,7 @@ class FloatType(TypeInfo):
 
     def get_size_calculation(self, name: str, force: bool = False) -> str:
         field_id_size = self.calculate_field_id_size()
-        return f"size.add_float({field_id_size}, {name});"
+        return f"size += ProtoSize::calc_float({field_id_size}, {name});"
 
     def get_fixed_size_bytes(self) -> int:
         return 4
@@ -457,7 +460,7 @@ class Int64Type(TypeInfo):
         return o
 
     def get_size_calculation(self, name: str, force: bool = False) -> str:
-        return self._get_simple_size_calculation(name, force, "add_int64")
+        return self._get_simple_size_calculation(name, force, "int64")
 
     def get_estimated_size(self) -> int:
         return self.calculate_field_id_size() + 3  # field ID + 3 bytes typical varint
@@ -477,7 +480,7 @@ class UInt64Type(TypeInfo):
         return o
 
     def get_size_calculation(self, name: str, force: bool = False) -> str:
-        return self._get_simple_size_calculation(name, force, "add_uint64")
+        return self._get_simple_size_calculation(name, force, "uint64")
 
     def get_estimated_size(self) -> int:
         return self.calculate_field_id_size() + 3  # field ID + 3 bytes typical varint
@@ -497,7 +500,7 @@ class Int32Type(TypeInfo):
         return o
 
     def get_size_calculation(self, name: str, force: bool = False) -> str:
-        return self._get_simple_size_calculation(name, force, "add_int32")
+        return self._get_simple_size_calculation(name, force, "int32")
 
     def get_estimated_size(self) -> int:
         return self.calculate_field_id_size() + 3  # field ID + 3 bytes typical varint
@@ -518,7 +521,7 @@ class Fixed64Type(TypeInfo):
 
     def get_size_calculation(self, name: str, force: bool = False) -> str:
         field_id_size = self.calculate_field_id_size()
-        return f"size.add_fixed64({field_id_size}, {name});"
+        return f"size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed64({field_id_size}, {name});"
 
     def get_fixed_size_bytes(self) -> int:
         return 8
@@ -542,7 +545,7 @@ class Fixed32Type(TypeInfo):
 
     def get_size_calculation(self, name: str, force: bool = False) -> str:
         field_id_size = self.calculate_field_id_size()
-        return f"size.add_fixed32({field_id_size}, {name});"
+        return f"size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32({field_id_size}, {name});"
 
     def get_fixed_size_bytes(self) -> int:
         return 4
@@ -563,7 +566,7 @@ class BoolType(TypeInfo):
         return f"out.append(YESNO({name}));"
 
     def get_size_calculation(self, name: str, force: bool = False) -> str:
-        return self._get_simple_size_calculation(name, force, "add_bool")
+        return self._get_simple_size_calculation(name, force, "bool")
 
     def get_estimated_size(self) -> int:
         return self.calculate_field_id_size() + 1  # field ID + 1 byte
@@ -647,18 +650,18 @@ class StringType(TypeInfo):
     def get_size_calculation(self, name: str, force: bool = False) -> str:
         # For SOURCE_CLIENT only messages, use the string field directly
         if not self._needs_encode:
-            return self._get_simple_size_calculation(name, force, "add_length")
+            return self._get_simple_size_calculation(name, force, "length")
 
         # Check if this is being called from a repeated field context
         # In that case, 'name' will be 'it' and we need to use the repeated version
         if name == "it":
-            # For repeated fields, we need to use add_length_force which includes field ID
+            # For repeated fields, we need to use length_force which includes field ID
             field_id_size = self.calculate_field_id_size()
-            return f"size.add_length_force({field_id_size}, it.size());"
+            return f"size += ProtoSize::calc_length_force({field_id_size}, it.size());"
 
         # For messages that need encoding, use the StringRef size
         field_id_size = self.calculate_field_id_size()
-        return f"size.add_length({field_id_size}, this->{self.field_name}_ref_.size());"
+        return f"size += ProtoSize::calc_length({field_id_size}, this->{self.field_name}_ref_.size());"
 
     def get_estimated_size(self) -> int:
         return self.calculate_field_id_size() + 8  # field ID + 8 bytes typical string
@@ -721,7 +724,9 @@ class MessageType(TypeInfo):
         return o
 
     def get_size_calculation(self, name: str, force: bool = False) -> str:
-        return self._get_simple_size_calculation(name, force, "add_message_object")
+        field_id_size = self.calculate_field_id_size()
+        method = "calc_message_force" if force else "calc_message"
+        return f"size += ProtoSize::{method}({field_id_size}, {name}.calculate_size());"
 
     def get_estimated_size(self) -> int:
         # For message types, we can't easily estimate the submessage size without
@@ -822,7 +827,7 @@ class BytesType(TypeInfo):
         )
 
     def get_size_calculation(self, name: str, force: bool = False) -> str:
-        return f"size.add_length({self.calculate_field_id_size()}, this->{self.field_name}_len_);"
+        return f"size += ProtoSize::calc_length({self.calculate_field_id_size()}, this->{self.field_name}_len_);"
 
     def get_estimated_size(self) -> int:
         return self.calculate_field_id_size() + 8  # field ID + 8 bytes typical bytes
@@ -897,7 +902,7 @@ class PointerToBytesBufferType(PointerToBufferTypeBase):
         )
 
     def get_size_calculation(self, name: str, force: bool = False) -> str:
-        return f"size.add_length({self.calculate_field_id_size()}, this->{self.field_name}_len);"
+        return f"size += ProtoSize::calc_length({self.calculate_field_id_size()}, this->{self.field_name}_len);"
 
 
 class PointerToStringBufferType(PointerToBufferTypeBase):
@@ -939,7 +944,7 @@ class PointerToStringBufferType(PointerToBufferTypeBase):
         return f'dump_field(out, "{self.name}", this->{self.field_name});'
 
     def get_size_calculation(self, name: str, force: bool = False) -> str:
-        return f"size.add_length({self.calculate_field_id_size()}, this->{self.field_name}.size());"
+        return f"size += ProtoSize::calc_length({self.calculate_field_id_size()}, this->{self.field_name}.size());"
 
     def get_estimated_size(self) -> int:
         return self.calculate_field_id_size() + 8  # field ID + 8 bytes typical string
@@ -1103,9 +1108,9 @@ class FixedArrayBytesType(TypeInfo):
 
         if force:
             # For repeated fields, always calculate size (no zero check)
-            return f"size.add_length_force({field_id_size}, {length_field});"
-        # For non-repeated fields, add_length already checks for zero
-        return f"size.add_length({field_id_size}, {length_field});"
+            return f"size += ProtoSize::calc_length_force({field_id_size}, {length_field});"
+        # For non-repeated fields, length already checks for zero
+        return f"size += ProtoSize::calc_length({field_id_size}, {length_field});"
 
     def get_estimated_size(self) -> int:
         # Estimate based on typical BLE advertisement size
@@ -1132,7 +1137,7 @@ class UInt32Type(TypeInfo):
         return o
 
     def get_size_calculation(self, name: str, force: bool = False) -> str:
-        return self._get_simple_size_calculation(name, force, "add_uint32")
+        return self._get_simple_size_calculation(name, force, "uint32")
 
     def get_estimated_size(self) -> int:
         return self.calculate_field_id_size() + 3  # field ID + 3 bytes typical varint
@@ -1168,7 +1173,7 @@ class EnumType(TypeInfo):
 
     def get_size_calculation(self, name: str, force: bool = False) -> str:
         return self._get_simple_size_calculation(
-            name, force, "add_uint32", f"static_cast<uint32_t>({name})"
+            name, force, "uint32", f"static_cast<uint32_t>({name})"
         )
 
     def get_estimated_size(self) -> int:
@@ -1190,7 +1195,7 @@ class SFixed32Type(TypeInfo):
 
     def get_size_calculation(self, name: str, force: bool = False) -> str:
         field_id_size = self.calculate_field_id_size()
-        return f"size.add_sfixed32({field_id_size}, {name});"
+        return f"size += ProtoSize::calc_sfixed32({field_id_size}, {name});"
 
     def get_fixed_size_bytes(self) -> int:
         return 4
@@ -1214,7 +1219,7 @@ class SFixed64Type(TypeInfo):
 
     def get_size_calculation(self, name: str, force: bool = False) -> str:
         field_id_size = self.calculate_field_id_size()
-        return f"size.add_sfixed64({field_id_size}, {name});"
+        return f"size += ProtoSize::calc_sfixed64({field_id_size}, {name});"
 
     def get_fixed_size_bytes(self) -> int:
         return 8
@@ -1237,7 +1242,7 @@ class SInt32Type(TypeInfo):
         return o
 
     def get_size_calculation(self, name: str, force: bool = False) -> str:
-        return self._get_simple_size_calculation(name, force, "add_sint32")
+        return self._get_simple_size_calculation(name, force, "sint32")
 
     def get_estimated_size(self) -> int:
         return self.calculate_field_id_size() + 3  # field ID + 3 bytes typical varint
@@ -1257,7 +1262,7 @@ class SInt64Type(TypeInfo):
         return o
 
     def get_size_calculation(self, name: str, force: bool = False) -> str:
-        return self._get_simple_size_calculation(name, force, "add_sint64")
+        return self._get_simple_size_calculation(name, force, "sint64")
 
     def get_estimated_size(self) -> int:
         return self.calculate_field_id_size() + 3  # field ID + 3 bytes typical varint
@@ -1694,11 +1699,17 @@ class RepeatedTypeInfo(TypeInfo):
         # For repeated fields, we always need to pass force=True to the underlying type's calculation
         # This is because the encode method always sets force=true for repeated fields
 
-        # Handle message types separately as they use a dedicated helper
+        # Handle message types separately - generate inline loop
         if isinstance(self._ti, MessageType):
             field_id_size = self._ti.calculate_field_id_size()
-            container = f"*{name}" if self._use_pointer else name
-            return f"size.add_repeated_message({field_id_size}, {container});"
+            container_ref = f"*{name}" if self._use_pointer else name
+            empty_check = f"{name}->empty()" if self._use_pointer else f"{name}.empty()"
+            o = f"if (!{empty_check}) {{\n"
+            o += f"  for (const auto &it : {container_ref}) {{\n"
+            o += f"    size += ProtoSize::calc_message_force({field_id_size}, it.calculate_size());\n"
+            o += "  }\n"
+            o += "}"
+            return o
 
         # For non-message types, generate size calculation with iteration
         container_ref = f"*{name}" if self._use_pointer else name
@@ -1713,14 +1724,14 @@ class RepeatedTypeInfo(TypeInfo):
             field_id_size = self._ti.calculate_field_id_size()
             bytes_per_element = field_id_size + num_bytes
             size_expr = f"{name}->size()" if self._use_pointer else f"{name}.size()"
-            o += f"  size.add_precalculated_size({size_expr} * {bytes_per_element});\n"
+            o += f"  size += {size_expr} * {bytes_per_element};\n"
         else:
             # Other types need the actual value
             # Special handling for const char* elements
             if self._use_pointer and "const char" in self._container_no_template:
                 field_id_size = self.calculate_field_id_size()
                 o += f"  for (const char *it : {container_ref}) {{\n"
-                o += f"    size.add_length_force({field_id_size}, strlen(it));\n"
+                o += f"    size += ProtoSize::calc_length_force({field_id_size}, strlen(it));\n"
             else:
                 auto_ref = "" if self._ti_is_bool else "&"
                 o += f"  for (const auto {auto_ref}it : {container_ref}) {{\n"
@@ -2233,23 +2244,19 @@ def build_message_type(
             o += indent("\n".join(encode)) + "\n"
             o += "}\n"
         cpp += o
-        prot = "void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const override;"
+        prot = "void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;"
         public_content.append(prot)
     # If no fields to encode or message doesn't need encoding, the default implementation in ProtoMessage will be used
 
     # Add calculate_size method only if this message needs encoding and has fields
     if needs_encode and size_calc:
-        o = f"void {desc.name}::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {{"
-        # For a single field, just inline it for simplicity
-        if len(size_calc) == 1 and len(size_calc[0]) + len(o) + 3 < 120:
-            o += f" {size_calc[0]} }}\n"
-        else:
-            # For multiple fields
-            o += "\n"
-            o += indent("\n".join(size_calc)) + "\n"
-            o += "}\n"
+        o = f"uint32_t {desc.name}::calculate_size() const {{\n"
+        o += "  uint32_t size = 0;\n"
+        o += indent("\n".join(size_calc)) + "\n"
+        o += "  return size;\n"
+        o += "}\n"
         cpp += o
-        prot = "void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;"
+        prot = "uint32_t calculate_size() const;"
         public_content.append(prot)
     # If no fields to calculate size for or message doesn't need encoding, the default implementation in ProtoMessage will be used
 
@@ -2933,14 +2940,8 @@ static const char *const TAG = "api.service";
     hpp += " public:\n"
     hpp += "#endif\n\n"
 
-    # Add non-template send_message method
-    hpp += "  bool send_message(const ProtoMessage &msg, uint8_t message_type) {\n"
-    hpp += "#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP\n"
-    hpp += "    DumpBuffer dump_buf;\n"
-    hpp += "    this->log_send_message_(msg.message_name(), msg.dump_to(dump_buf));\n"
-    hpp += "#endif\n"
-    hpp += "    return this->send_message_impl(msg, message_type);\n"
-    hpp += "  }\n\n"
+    # send_message is now a template on APIConnection directly
+    # No non-template send_message method needed here
 
     # Add logging helper method implementations to cpp
     cpp += "#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP\n"

From 3c7956e72d34f3cc3fb9f5100afc09e974982f26 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 2026 14:04:00 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 411/609] [multiple] Add default initializers to uninitialized
 member variables (#14556)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/bedjet/bedjet_hub.h               |  8 ++++----
 .../components/current_based/current_based_cover.h   | 12 ++++++------
 esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_component.h |  2 +-
 esphome/components/max6956/max6956.h                 |  4 ++--
 esphome/components/ms8607/ms8607.h                   |  8 ++++----
 .../remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter.h          |  2 +-
 esphome/components/sen5x/sen5x.h                     |  8 ++++----
 esphome/components/sim800l/sim800l.h                 | 10 +++++-----
 8 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/bedjet/bedjet_hub.h b/esphome/components/bedjet/bedjet_hub.h
index 6258795b02..59b0af93ad 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bedjet/bedjet_hub.h
+++ b/esphome/components/bedjet/bedjet_hub.h
@@ -164,10 +164,10 @@ class BedJetHub : public esphome::ble_client::BLEClientNode, public PollingCompo
   std::unique_ptr<BedjetCodec> codec_;
 
   bool discover_characteristics_();
-  uint16_t char_handle_cmd_;
-  uint16_t char_handle_name_;
-  uint16_t char_handle_status_;
-  uint16_t config_descr_status_;
+  uint16_t char_handle_cmd_{0};
+  uint16_t char_handle_name_{0};
+  uint16_t char_handle_status_{0};
+  uint16_t config_descr_status_{0};
 
   uint8_t write_notify_config_descriptor_(bool enable);
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/current_based/current_based_cover.h b/esphome/components/current_based/current_based_cover.h
index 76bd85cdf7..40b39517e4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/current_based/current_based_cover.h
+++ b/esphome/components/current_based/current_based_cover.h
@@ -67,21 +67,21 @@ class CurrentBasedCover : public cover::Cover, public Component {
 
   sensor::Sensor *open_sensor_{nullptr};
   Trigger<> open_trigger_;
-  float open_moving_current_threshold_;
+  float open_moving_current_threshold_{0.0f};
   float open_obstacle_current_threshold_{FLT_MAX};
-  uint32_t open_duration_;
+  uint32_t open_duration_{0};
 
   sensor::Sensor *close_sensor_{nullptr};
   Trigger<> close_trigger_;
-  float close_moving_current_threshold_;
+  float close_moving_current_threshold_{0.0f};
   float close_obstacle_current_threshold_{FLT_MAX};
-  uint32_t close_duration_;
+  uint32_t close_duration_{0};
 
   uint32_t max_duration_{UINT32_MAX};
   bool malfunction_detection_{true};
   Trigger<> malfunction_trigger_;
-  uint32_t start_sensing_delay_;
-  float obstacle_rollback_;
+  uint32_t start_sensing_delay_{0};
+  float obstacle_rollback_{0.0f};
 
   Trigger<> *prev_command_trigger_{nullptr};
   uint32_t last_recompute_time_{0};
diff --git a/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_component.h b/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_component.h
index 1998b815f3..14713d51a1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_component.h
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ class DeepSleepComponent : public Component {
 #endif  // USE_BK72XX
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
-  InternalGPIOPin *wakeup_pin_;
+  InternalGPIOPin *wakeup_pin_{nullptr};
   WakeupPinMode wakeup_pin_mode_{WAKEUP_PIN_MODE_IGNORE};
 
 #if !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C2) && !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3)
diff --git a/esphome/components/max6956/max6956.h b/esphome/components/max6956/max6956.h
index 0c609b0b43..31f97c11f8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/max6956/max6956.h
+++ b/esphome/components/max6956/max6956.h
@@ -63,8 +63,8 @@ class MAX6956 : public Component, public i2c::I2CDevice {
   bool read_reg_(uint8_t reg, uint8_t *value);
   // write a value to a given register
   bool write_reg_(uint8_t reg, uint8_t value);
-  max6956::MAX6956CURRENTMODE brightness_mode_;
-  uint8_t global_brightness_;
+  max6956::MAX6956CURRENTMODE brightness_mode_{};
+  uint8_t global_brightness_{0};
 
  private:
   int8_t prev_bright_[28] = {0};
diff --git a/esphome/components/ms8607/ms8607.h b/esphome/components/ms8607/ms8607.h
index ceb3dd22c8..2888b6cdd2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ms8607/ms8607.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ms8607/ms8607.h
@@ -67,9 +67,9 @@ class MS8607Component : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
   /// use raw temperature & pressure to calculate & publish values
   void calculate_values_(uint32_t raw_temperature, uint32_t raw_pressure);
 
-  sensor::Sensor *temperature_sensor_;
-  sensor::Sensor *pressure_sensor_;
-  sensor::Sensor *humidity_sensor_;
+  sensor::Sensor *temperature_sensor_{nullptr};
+  sensor::Sensor *pressure_sensor_{nullptr};
+  sensor::Sensor *humidity_sensor_{nullptr};
 
   /** I2CDevice object to communicate with secondary I2C address for the humidity sensor
    *
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ class MS8607Component : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
    *
    * Default address for humidity is 0x40
    */
-  MS8607HumidityDevice *humidity_device_;
+  MS8607HumidityDevice *humidity_device_{nullptr};
 
   /// This device's pressure & temperature calibration values, read from PROM
   struct CalibrationValues {
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter.h b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter.h
index aee52ea170..6b4ebfe24b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter.h
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter.h
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ class RemoteTransmitterComponent : public remote_base::RemoteTransmitterBase,
   bool inverted_{false};
   bool non_blocking_{false};
 #endif
-  uint8_t carrier_duty_percent_;
+  uint8_t carrier_duty_percent_{50};
 
   Trigger<> transmit_trigger_;
   Trigger<> complete_trigger_;
diff --git a/esphome/components/sen5x/sen5x.h b/esphome/components/sen5x/sen5x.h
index e3bf931b41..a9d4da86b8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sen5x/sen5x.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sen5x/sen5x.h
@@ -104,12 +104,12 @@ class SEN5XComponent : public PollingComponent, public sensirion_common::Sensiri
 
   char serial_number_[17] = "UNKNOWN";
   uint16_t voc_baseline_state_[4]{0};
-  uint32_t voc_baseline_time_;
-  uint16_t firmware_version_;
+  uint32_t voc_baseline_time_{0};
+  uint16_t firmware_version_{0};
   Sen5xType type_{Sen5xType::UNKNOWN};
-  ERRORCODE error_code_;
+  ERRORCODE error_code_{ERRORCODE::UNKNOWN};
   bool initialized_{false};
-  bool store_baseline_;
+  bool store_baseline_{false};
 
   sensor::Sensor *pm_1_0_sensor_{nullptr};
   sensor::Sensor *pm_2_5_sensor_{nullptr};
diff --git a/esphome/components/sim800l/sim800l.h b/esphome/components/sim800l/sim800l.h
index a2da686ce1..e9e2f66d78 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sim800l/sim800l.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sim800l/sim800l.h
@@ -107,11 +107,11 @@ class Sim800LComponent : public uart::UARTDevice, public PollingComponent {
   std::string recipient_;
   std::string outgoing_message_;
   std::string ussd_;
-  bool send_pending_;
-  bool dial_pending_;
-  bool connect_pending_;
-  bool disconnect_pending_;
-  bool send_ussd_pending_;
+  bool send_pending_{false};
+  bool dial_pending_{false};
+  bool connect_pending_{false};
+  bool disconnect_pending_{false};
+  bool send_ussd_pending_{false};
   uint8_t call_state_{6};
 
   CallbackManager<void(std::string, std::string)> sms_received_callback_;

From 3db436e48e0cafd48711bd782600cbea7a5f9adc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 2026 14:05:34 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 412/609] [esp32_ble_server][espnow][time] Fix logic bugs
 (#14553)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .../components/esp32_ble_server/ble_server.cpp | 18 +++++++-----------
 esphome/components/espnow/automation.h         |  4 ++--
 esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.cpp    |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_server.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_server.cpp
index f292cf8722..ecc53e197f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_server.cpp
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <nvs_flash.h>
 #include <freertos/FreeRTOSConfig.h>
 #include <esp_bt_main.h>
@@ -38,21 +39,16 @@ void BLEServer::loop() {
     case RUNNING: {
       // Start all services that are pending to start
       if (!this->services_to_start_.empty()) {
-        uint16_t index_to_remove = 0;
-        // Iterate over the services to start
-        for (unsigned i = 0; i < this->services_to_start_.size(); i++) {
-          BLEService *service = this->services_to_start_[i];
+        for (auto &service : this->services_to_start_) {
           if (service->is_created()) {
             service->start();  // Needs to be called once per characteristic in the service
-          } else {
-            index_to_remove = i + 1;
           }
         }
-        // Remove the services that have been started
-        if (index_to_remove > 0) {
-          this->services_to_start_.erase(this->services_to_start_.begin(),
-                                         this->services_to_start_.begin() + index_to_remove - 1);
-        }
+        // Remove services that have been started
+        this->services_to_start_.erase(
+            std::remove_if(this->services_to_start_.begin(), this->services_to_start_.end(),
+                           [](BLEService *service) { return service->is_starting() || service->is_running(); }),
+            this->services_to_start_.end());
       }
       break;
     }
diff --git a/esphome/components/espnow/automation.h b/esphome/components/espnow/automation.h
index 0b26681400..0fbb14e388 100644
--- a/esphome/components/espnow/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/components/espnow/automation.h
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ class OnReceiveTrigger : public Trigger<const ESPNowRecvInfo &, const uint8_t *,
 
  protected:
   bool has_address_{false};
-  const uint8_t *address_[ESP_NOW_ETH_ALEN];
+  uint8_t address_[ESP_NOW_ETH_ALEN];
 };
 class OnUnknownPeerTrigger : public Trigger<const ESPNowRecvInfo &, const uint8_t *, uint8_t>,
                              public ESPNowUnknownPeerHandler {
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ class OnBroadcastedTrigger : public Trigger<const ESPNowRecvInfo &, const uint8_
 
  protected:
   bool has_address_{false};
-  const uint8_t *address_[ESP_NOW_ETH_ALEN];
+  uint8_t address_[ESP_NOW_ETH_ALEN];
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::espnow
diff --git a/esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.cpp b/esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.cpp
index 2e758ad8e7..566344fa88 100644
--- a/esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.cpp
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ void RealTimeClock::synchronize_epoch_(uint32_t epoch) {
   };
   struct timezone tz = {0, 0};
   int ret = settimeofday(&timev, &tz);
-  if (ret == EINVAL) {
+  if (ret != 0 && errno == EINVAL) {
     // Some ESP8266 frameworks abort when timezone parameter is not NULL
     // while ESP32 expects it not to be NULL
     ret = settimeofday(&timev, nullptr);

From 7b8ba9bf206f319f614ce52d4d80c5e649eb73ee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 2026 14:14:12 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 413/609] [multiple] Fix cast/operator precedence bugs (#14560)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/datetime/date_entity.h | 2 +-
 esphome/components/es7210/es7210.cpp      | 2 +-
 esphome/components/sgp4x/sgp4x.cpp        | 2 +-
 esphome/components/tsl2591/tsl2591.cpp    | 4 +++-
 4 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/datetime/date_entity.h b/esphome/components/datetime/date_entity.h
index cbf2b85506..8233e809a1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/datetime/date_entity.h
+++ b/esphome/components/datetime/date_entity.h
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ class DateCall {
 
   DateEntity *parent_;
 
-  optional<int16_t> year_;
+  optional<uint16_t> year_;
   optional<uint8_t> month_;
   optional<uint8_t> day_;
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/es7210/es7210.cpp b/esphome/components/es7210/es7210.cpp
index 1358121c1b..4371075fa9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/es7210/es7210.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/es7210/es7210.cpp
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ uint8_t ES7210::es7210_gain_reg_value_(float mic_gain) {
   // reg: 12 - 34.5dB, 13 - 36dB, 14 - 37.5dB
   mic_gain += 0.5;
   if (mic_gain <= 33.0) {
-    return (uint8_t) mic_gain / 3;
+    return (uint8_t) (mic_gain / 3);
   }
   if (mic_gain < 36.0) {
     return 12;
diff --git a/esphome/components/sgp4x/sgp4x.cpp b/esphome/components/sgp4x/sgp4x.cpp
index 44d0a54080..cb41e374f8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sgp4x/sgp4x.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sgp4x/sgp4x.cpp
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ void SGP4xComponent::measure_raw_() {
       response_words = 2;
     }
   }
-  uint16_t rhticks = llround((uint16_t) ((humidity * 65535) / 100));
+  uint16_t rhticks = (uint16_t) llround((humidity * 65535) / 100);
   uint16_t tempticks = (uint16_t) (((temperature + 45) * 65535) / 175);
   // first parameter are the relative humidity ticks
   data[0] = rhticks;
diff --git a/esphome/components/tsl2591/tsl2591.cpp b/esphome/components/tsl2591/tsl2591.cpp
index 42c524a074..4ce673a91a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tsl2591/tsl2591.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/tsl2591/tsl2591.cpp
@@ -327,7 +327,9 @@ uint16_t TSL2591Component::get_illuminance(TSL2591SensorChannel channel, uint32_
     return (combined_illuminance >> 16);
   } else if (channel == TSL2591_SENSOR_CHANNEL_VISIBLE) {
     // Reads all and subtracts out the infrared
-    return ((combined_illuminance & 0xFFFF) - (combined_illuminance >> 16));
+    uint16_t full = combined_illuminance & 0xFFFF;
+    uint16_t ir = combined_illuminance >> 16;
+    return (ir > full) ? 0 : (full - ir);
   }
   // unknown channel!
   ESP_LOGE(TAG, "get_illuminance() caller requested an unknown channel: %d", channel);

From 219d5170e006e7297004b1cfeb7e5323307980b0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 2026 14:15:54 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 414/609] [noblex] Fix IR receive losing decoded bytes between
 calls (#14533)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/noblex/noblex.cpp | 130 +++++++++++++--------------
 esphome/components/noblex/noblex.h   |   3 +-
 2 files changed, 64 insertions(+), 69 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/noblex/noblex.cpp b/esphome/components/noblex/noblex.cpp
index f1e76eabf2..e7e421d177 100644
--- a/esphome/components/noblex/noblex.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/noblex/noblex.cpp
@@ -118,15 +118,15 @@ void NoblexClimate::transmit_state() {
   data->mark(NOBLEX_HEADER_MARK);
   data->space(NOBLEX_HEADER_SPACE);
   // Data (sent remote_state from the MSB to the LSB)
-  for (uint8_t i : remote_state) {
-    for (int8_t j = 7; j >= 0; j--) {
-      if ((i == 4) & (j == 4)) {
+  for (int byte_idx = 0; byte_idx < 8; byte_idx++) {
+    for (int8_t bit_idx = 7; bit_idx >= 0; bit_idx--) {
+      if ((byte_idx == 4) && (bit_idx == 4)) {
         // Header intermediate
         data->mark(NOBLEX_BIT_MARK);
         data->space(NOBLEX_GAP);  // gap en bit 36
       } else {
         data->mark(NOBLEX_BIT_MARK);
-        bool bit = i & (1 << j);
+        bool bit = remote_state[byte_idx] & (1 << bit_idx);
         data->space(bit ? NOBLEX_ONE_SPACE : NOBLEX_ZERO_SPACE);
       }
     }
@@ -145,76 +145,71 @@ void NoblexClimate::transmit_state() {
 
 // Handle received IR Buffer
 bool NoblexClimate::on_receive(remote_base::RemoteReceiveData data) {
-  uint8_t remote_state[8] = {0};
-  uint8_t crc = 0, crc_calculated = 0;
-
-  if (!receiving_) {
-    // Validate header
-    if (data.expect_item(NOBLEX_HEADER_MARK, NOBLEX_HEADER_SPACE)) {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Header");
-      receiving_ = true;
-      // Read first 36 bits
-      for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
-        // Read bit
-        for (int j = 7; j >= 0; j--) {
-          if ((i == 4) & (j == 4)) {
-            remote_state[i] |= 1 << j;
-            // Header intermediate
-            ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "GAP");
-            return false;
-          } else if (data.expect_item(NOBLEX_BIT_MARK, NOBLEX_ONE_SPACE)) {
-            remote_state[i] |= 1 << j;
-          } else if (!data.expect_item(NOBLEX_BIT_MARK, NOBLEX_ZERO_SPACE)) {
-            ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Byte %d bit %d fail", i, j);
-            return false;
-          }
-        }
-        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Byte %d %02X", i, remote_state[i]);
-      }
-
-    } else {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Header fail");
-      receiving_ = false;
-      return false;
-    }
-
-  } else {
-    // Read the remaining 28 bits
-    for (int i = 4; i < 8; i++) {
-      // Read bit
+  if (data.peek_item(NOBLEX_HEADER_MARK, NOBLEX_HEADER_SPACE)) {
+    // First part: header + first 36 bits, followed by 20ms gap
+    data.expect_item(NOBLEX_HEADER_MARK, NOBLEX_HEADER_SPACE);
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Header");
+    this->receiving_ = false;
+    memset(this->remote_state_, 0, sizeof(this->remote_state_));
+    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
       for (int j = 7; j >= 0; j--) {
-        if ((i == 4) & (j >= 4)) {
-          // nothing
+        if ((i == 4) && (j == 4)) {
+          this->remote_state_[i] |= 1 << j;
+          ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "GAP");
+          this->receiving_ = true;
+          return false;
         } else if (data.expect_item(NOBLEX_BIT_MARK, NOBLEX_ONE_SPACE)) {
-          remote_state[i] |= 1 << j;
+          this->remote_state_[i] |= 1 << j;
         } else if (!data.expect_item(NOBLEX_BIT_MARK, NOBLEX_ZERO_SPACE)) {
           ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Byte %d bit %d fail", i, j);
           return false;
         }
       }
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Byte %d %02X", i, remote_state[i]);
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Byte %d %02X", i, this->remote_state_[i]);
     }
+    return false;
+  }
 
-    // Read crc
-    for (int i = 3; i >= 0; i--) {
-      if (data.expect_item(NOBLEX_BIT_MARK, NOBLEX_ONE_SPACE)) {
-        crc |= 1 << i;
+  // Second part: remaining 28 bits + 4-bit CRC + footer
+  if (!this->receiving_) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  this->receiving_ = false;
+  for (int i = 4; i < 8; i++) {
+    for (int j = 7; j >= 0; j--) {
+      if ((i == 4) && (j >= 4)) {
+        // already decoded in first part
+      } else if (data.expect_item(NOBLEX_BIT_MARK, NOBLEX_ONE_SPACE)) {
+        this->remote_state_[i] |= 1 << j;
       } else if (!data.expect_item(NOBLEX_BIT_MARK, NOBLEX_ZERO_SPACE)) {
-        ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Bit %d CRC fail", i);
+        ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Byte %d bit %d fail", i, j);
         return false;
       }
     }
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "CRC %02X", crc);
-
-    // Validate footer
-    if (!data.expect_mark(NOBLEX_BIT_MARK)) {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Footer fail");
-      return false;
-    }
-    receiving_ = false;
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Byte %d %02X", i, this->remote_state_[i]);
   }
 
-  for (uint8_t i : remote_state)
+  // Read CRC
+  uint8_t crc = 0;
+  for (int i = 3; i >= 0; i--) {
+    if (data.expect_item(NOBLEX_BIT_MARK, NOBLEX_ONE_SPACE)) {
+      crc |= 1 << i;
+    } else if (!data.expect_item(NOBLEX_BIT_MARK, NOBLEX_ZERO_SPACE)) {
+      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Bit %d CRC fail", i);
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "CRC %02X", crc);
+
+  // Validate footer
+  if (!data.expect_mark(NOBLEX_BIT_MARK)) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Footer fail");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Validate CRC
+  uint8_t crc_calculated = 0;
+  for (uint8_t i : this->remote_state_)
     crc_calculated += reverse_bits(i);
   crc_calculated = reverse_bits(uint8_t(crc_calculated & 0x0F)) >> 4;
   ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "CRC calc %02X", crc_calculated);
@@ -224,11 +219,12 @@ bool NoblexClimate::on_receive(remote_base::RemoteReceiveData data) {
     return false;
   }
 
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Received noblex code: %02X%02X %02X%02X %02X%02X %02X%02X", remote_state[0], remote_state[1],
-           remote_state[2], remote_state[3], remote_state[4], remote_state[5], remote_state[6], remote_state[7]);
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Received noblex code: %02X%02X %02X%02X %02X%02X %02X%02X", this->remote_state_[0],
+           this->remote_state_[1], this->remote_state_[2], this->remote_state_[3], this->remote_state_[4],
+           this->remote_state_[5], this->remote_state_[6], this->remote_state_[7]);
 
   auto powered_on = false;
-  if ((remote_state[0] & NOBLEX_POWER) == NOBLEX_POWER) {
+  if ((this->remote_state_[0] & NOBLEX_POWER) == NOBLEX_POWER) {
     powered_on = true;
     this->powered_on_assumed = powered_on;
   } else {
@@ -241,7 +237,7 @@ bool NoblexClimate::on_receive(remote_base::RemoteReceiveData data) {
 
   // Set received mode
   if (powered_on_assumed) {
-    auto mode = (remote_state[0] & 0xE0) >> 5;
+    auto mode = (this->remote_state_[0] & 0xE0) >> 5;
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Mode: %02X", mode);
     switch (mode) {
       case IRNoblexMode::IR_NOBLEX_MODE_AUTO:
@@ -263,7 +259,7 @@ bool NoblexClimate::on_receive(remote_base::RemoteReceiveData data) {
   }
 
   // Set received temp
-  uint8_t temp = remote_state[1];
+  uint8_t temp = this->remote_state_[1];
   ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Temperature Raw: %02X", temp);
 
   temp = 0x0F & reverse_bits(temp);
@@ -272,7 +268,7 @@ bool NoblexClimate::on_receive(remote_base::RemoteReceiveData data) {
   this->target_temperature = temp;
 
   // Set received fan speed
-  auto fan = (remote_state[0] & 0x0C) >> 2;
+  auto fan = (this->remote_state_[0] & 0x0C) >> 2;
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Fan: %02X", fan);
   switch (fan) {
     case IRNoblexFan::IR_NOBLEX_FAN_HIGH:
@@ -291,7 +287,7 @@ bool NoblexClimate::on_receive(remote_base::RemoteReceiveData data) {
   }
 
   // Set received swing status
-  if (remote_state[0] & 0x02) {
+  if (this->remote_state_[0] & 0x02) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Swing vertical");
     this->swing_mode = climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL;
   } else {
@@ -299,8 +295,6 @@ bool NoblexClimate::on_receive(remote_base::RemoteReceiveData data) {
     this->swing_mode = climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF;
   }
 
-  for (uint8_t &i : remote_state)
-    i = 0;
   this->publish_state();
   return true;
 }  // end on_receive()
diff --git a/esphome/components/noblex/noblex.h b/esphome/components/noblex/noblex.h
index 57990db005..3d52a1a538 100644
--- a/esphome/components/noblex/noblex.h
+++ b/esphome/components/noblex/noblex.h
@@ -41,7 +41,8 @@ class NoblexClimate : public climate_ir::ClimateIR {
   /// Handle received IR Buffer.
   bool on_receive(remote_base::RemoteReceiveData data) override;
   bool send_swing_cmd_{false};
-  bool receiving_ = false;
+  bool receiving_{false};
+  uint8_t remote_state_[8]{};
 };
 
 }  // namespace noblex

From 9ab5f5d451a4d1aaf030fbff72bff0011478e5fb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 2026 14:42:05 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 415/609] [light] Fix unsigned underflow in addressable scan
 effect (#14546)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .../light/addressable_light_effect.h          | 21 ++++++++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/light/addressable_light_effect.h b/esphome/components/light/addressable_light_effect.h
index a85ea4661d..461ddbc085 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/addressable_light_effect.h
+++ b/esphome/components/light/addressable_light_effect.h
@@ -171,12 +171,27 @@ class AddressableScanEffect : public AddressableLightEffect {
     if (now - this->last_move_ < this->move_interval_)
       return;
 
-    if (direction_) {
+    const auto num_leds = static_cast<uint32_t>(it.size());
+    if (this->scan_width_ >= num_leds) {
+      it.all() = current_color;
+      it.schedule_show();
+      this->last_move_ = now;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const uint32_t max_pos = num_leds - this->scan_width_;
+    if (this->at_led_ >= max_pos) {
+      this->at_led_ = max_pos;
+      this->direction_ = false;
+    }
+
+    if (this->direction_) {
       this->at_led_++;
-      if (this->at_led_ == it.size() - this->scan_width_)
+      if (this->at_led_ >= max_pos)
         this->direction_ = false;
     } else {
-      this->at_led_--;
+      if (this->at_led_ > 0)
+        this->at_led_--;
       if (this->at_led_ == 0)
         this->direction_ = true;
     }

From a9cceebb33612054866465254456336fd4d76ba5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 2026 14:48:50 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 416/609] [pid][nextion][pn532_i2c][pipsolar] Fix copy-paste
 and logic bugs (#14551)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/nextion/nextion_component.cpp | 2 +-
 esphome/components/pid/pid_autotuner.cpp         | 4 ++--
 esphome/components/pipsolar/pipsolar.cpp         | 1 +
 esphome/components/pn532_i2c/pn532_i2c.cpp       | 4 ++--
 4 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_component.cpp b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_component.cpp
index 324ad87372..30c8b80524 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_component.cpp
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ void NextionComponent::update_component_settings(bool force_update) {
     this->send_state_to_nextion();
   }
 
-  if (this->component_flags_.bco_needs_update || (force_update && this->component_flags_.bco2_is_set)) {
+  if (this->component_flags_.bco_needs_update || (force_update && this->component_flags_.bco_is_set)) {
     this->nextion_->set_component_background_color(this->variable_name_.c_str(), this->bco_);
     this->component_flags_.bco_needs_update = false;
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/pid/pid_autotuner.cpp b/esphome/components/pid/pid_autotuner.cpp
index d1d9c200cf..e1ddd1d7c6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pid/pid_autotuner.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pid/pid_autotuner.cpp
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ PIDAutotuner::PIDAutotuneResult PIDAutotuner::update(float setpoint, float proce
   }
 
   bool zc_symmetrical = this->frequency_detector_.is_increase_decrease_symmetrical();
-  bool amplitude_convergent = this->frequency_detector_.is_increase_decrease_symmetrical();
+  bool amplitude_convergent = this->amplitude_detector_.is_amplitude_convergent();
   if (!zc_symmetrical || !amplitude_convergent) {
     // The frequency/amplitude is not fully accurate yet, try to wait
     // until the fault clears, or terminate after a while anyway
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ bool PIDAutotuner::OscillationAmplitudeDetector::is_amplitude_convergent() const
   for (auto v : this->phase_mins)
     global_min = std::min(global_min, v);
   for (auto v : this->phase_maxs)
-    global_max = std::min(global_max, v);
+    global_max = std::max(global_max, v);
   float global_amplitude = (global_max - global_min) / 2.0f;
   float mean_amplitude = this->get_mean_oscillation_amplitude();
   return (mean_amplitude - global_amplitude) / (global_amplitude) < 0.05f;
diff --git a/esphome/components/pipsolar/pipsolar.cpp b/esphome/components/pipsolar/pipsolar.cpp
index 9c5caec775..eb6d3931e0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pipsolar/pipsolar.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pipsolar/pipsolar.cpp
@@ -647,6 +647,7 @@ void Pipsolar::handle_qpiws_(const char *message) {
       case 34:
         this->publish_binary_sensor_(enabled, this->warning_high_ac_input_during_bus_soft_start_);
         value_warnings_present |= enabled.value_or(false);
+        break;
       case 35:
         this->publish_binary_sensor_(enabled, this->warning_battery_equalization_);
         value_warnings_present |= enabled.value_or(false);
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn532_i2c/pn532_i2c.cpp b/esphome/components/pn532_i2c/pn532_i2c.cpp
index b306222a21..41f0f079aa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn532_i2c/pn532_i2c.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pn532_i2c/pn532_i2c.cpp
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ bool PN532I2C::read_response(uint8_t command, std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
     return false;
   }
 
-  if (data[1] != 0x00 && data[2] != 0x00 && data[3] != 0xFF) {
+  if (data[1] != 0x00 || data[2] != 0x00 || data[3] != 0xFF) {
     // invalid packet
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "read data invalid preamble!");
     return false;
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ uint8_t PN532I2C::read_response_length_() {
     return 0;
   }
 
-  if (data[1] != 0x00 && data[2] != 0x00 && data[3] != 0xFF) {
+  if (data[1] != 0x00 || data[2] != 0x00 || data[3] != 0xFF) {
     // invalid packet
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "read data invalid preamble!");
     return 0;

From 8f3db96291c06708a23f5171515cd26ec84e33a1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 2026 14:50:26 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 417/609] [esp32_ble_server][weikai][ade7880] Fix copy-paste
 bugs (#14552)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/ade7880/ade7880.cpp                     | 6 +++---
 esphome/components/ade7880/ade7880_registers.h             | 3 +++
 esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.cpp | 4 ++--
 esphome/components/weikai/weikai.cpp                       | 4 +++-
 4 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ade7880/ade7880.cpp b/esphome/components/ade7880/ade7880.cpp
index f6a15190cd..8fb3e55b91 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ade7880/ade7880.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ade7880/ade7880.cpp
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ void ADE7880::update() {
     this->update_sensor_from_s32_register16_(chan->forward_active_energy, AFWATTHR, [&chan](float val) {
       return chan->forward_active_energy_total += val / 14400.0f;
     });
-    this->update_sensor_from_s32_register16_(chan->reverse_active_energy, AFWATTHR, [&chan](float val) {
+    this->update_sensor_from_s32_register16_(chan->reverse_active_energy, ARWATTHR, [&chan](float val) {
       return chan->reverse_active_energy_total += val / 14400.0f;
     });
   }
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ void ADE7880::update() {
     this->update_sensor_from_s32_register16_(chan->forward_active_energy, BFWATTHR, [&chan](float val) {
       return chan->forward_active_energy_total += val / 14400.0f;
     });
-    this->update_sensor_from_s32_register16_(chan->reverse_active_energy, BFWATTHR, [&chan](float val) {
+    this->update_sensor_from_s32_register16_(chan->reverse_active_energy, BRWATTHR, [&chan](float val) {
       return chan->reverse_active_energy_total += val / 14400.0f;
     });
   }
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ void ADE7880::update() {
     this->update_sensor_from_s32_register16_(chan->forward_active_energy, CFWATTHR, [&chan](float val) {
       return chan->forward_active_energy_total += val / 14400.0f;
     });
-    this->update_sensor_from_s32_register16_(chan->reverse_active_energy, CFWATTHR, [&chan](float val) {
+    this->update_sensor_from_s32_register16_(chan->reverse_active_energy, CRWATTHR, [&chan](float val) {
       return chan->reverse_active_energy_total += val / 14400.0f;
     });
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/ade7880/ade7880_registers.h b/esphome/components/ade7880/ade7880_registers.h
index 8b5b68abb0..9fd8ca3bf5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ade7880/ade7880_registers.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ade7880/ade7880_registers.h
@@ -85,6 +85,9 @@ constexpr uint16_t CWATTHR = 0xE402;
 constexpr uint16_t AFWATTHR = 0xE403;
 constexpr uint16_t BFWATTHR = 0xE404;
 constexpr uint16_t CFWATTHR = 0xE405;
+constexpr uint16_t ARWATTHR = 0xE406;
+constexpr uint16_t BRWATTHR = 0xE407;
+constexpr uint16_t CRWATTHR = 0xE408;
 constexpr uint16_t AFVARHR = 0xE409;
 constexpr uint16_t BFVARHR = 0xE40A;
 constexpr uint16_t CFVARHR = 0xE40B;
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.cpp
index d4ccefd9b2..1806354712 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.cpp
@@ -310,8 +310,8 @@ void BLECharacteristic::gatts_event_handler(esp_gatts_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt
           (*this->on_write_callback_)(this->value_, param->exec_write.conn_id);
         }
       }
-      esp_err_t err =
-          esp_ble_gatts_send_response(gatts_if, param->write.conn_id, param->write.trans_id, ESP_GATT_OK, nullptr);
+      esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gatts_send_response(gatts_if, param->exec_write.conn_id, param->exec_write.trans_id,
+                                                  ESP_GATT_OK, nullptr);
       if (err != ESP_OK) {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "esp_ble_gatts_send_response failed: %d", err);
       }
diff --git a/esphome/components/weikai/weikai.cpp b/esphome/components/weikai/weikai.cpp
index 1d835daf1e..3f5d6c787c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/weikai/weikai.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/weikai/weikai.cpp
@@ -445,6 +445,7 @@ void WeikaiChannel::flush() {
 }
 
 size_t WeikaiChannel::xfer_fifo_to_buffer_() {
+  size_t total = 0;
   size_t to_transfer;
   size_t free;
   while ((to_transfer = this->rx_in_fifo_()) && (free = this->receive_buffer_.free())) {
@@ -458,9 +459,10 @@ size_t WeikaiChannel::xfer_fifo_to_buffer_() {
       this->reg(0).read_fifo(data, to_transfer);
       for (size_t i = 0; i < to_transfer; i++)
         this->receive_buffer_.push(data[i]);
+      total += to_transfer;
     }
   }  // while work to do
-  return to_transfer;
+  return total;
 }
 
 ///

From 0469612d0774ef26acef975446e4c187dde876f8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 2026 15:02:17 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 418/609] [multiple] Fix assorted medium-severity bugs (#14555)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/bytebuffer/bytebuffer.h    |  2 +-
 esphome/components/cap1188/cap1188.cpp        |  2 +-
 esphome/components/hte501/hte501.cpp          |  2 +-
 .../components/ina2xx_base/ina2xx_base.cpp    |  6 +----
 esphome/components/inkplate/inkplate.cpp      | 10 ++++-----
 esphome/components/msa3xx/msa3xx.cpp          |  6 +----
 esphome/components/nfc/ndef_record_text.cpp   |  5 +++++
 esphome/components/nfc/nfc.cpp                | 22 +++++++++++++------
 esphome/components/nfc/nfc.h                  |  2 +-
 .../components/template/text/template_text.h  |  6 ++++-
 10 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/bytebuffer/bytebuffer.h b/esphome/components/bytebuffer/bytebuffer.h
index 030484ce32..3c68094dbc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bytebuffer/bytebuffer.h
+++ b/esphome/components/bytebuffer/bytebuffer.h
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ class ByteBuffer {
 
   void put_uint8(uint8_t value, size_t offset) { this->data_[offset] = value; }
   void put_uint16(uint16_t value, size_t offset) { this->put(value, offset); }
-  void put_uint24(uint32_t value, size_t offset) { this->put(value, offset); }
+  void put_uint24(uint32_t value, size_t offset) { this->put_uint32_(value, offset, 3); }
   void put_uint32(uint32_t value, size_t offset) { this->put(value, offset); }
   void put_uint64(uint64_t value, size_t offset) { this->put(value, offset); }
   // Signed versions of the put functions
diff --git a/esphome/components/cap1188/cap1188.cpp b/esphome/components/cap1188/cap1188.cpp
index 9e8c87d147..64bdc620cd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cap1188/cap1188.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/cap1188/cap1188.cpp
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ void CAP1188Component::loop() {
     this->read_register(CAP1188_MAIN, &data, 1);
     data = data & ~CAP1188_MAIN_INT;
 
-    this->write_register(CAP1188_MAIN, &data, 2);
+    this->write_register(CAP1188_MAIN, &data, 1);
   }
 
   for (auto *channel : this->channels_) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/hte501/hte501.cpp b/esphome/components/hte501/hte501.cpp
index 972e72c170..ef9ef1fabf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hte501/hte501.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/hte501/hte501.cpp
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ void HTE501Component::update() {
   this->set_timeout(50, [this]() {
     uint8_t i2c_response[6];
     this->read(i2c_response, 6);
-    if (i2c_response[2] != crc8(i2c_response, 2, 0xFF, 0x31, true) &&
+    if (i2c_response[2] != crc8(i2c_response, 2, 0xFF, 0x31, true) ||
         i2c_response[5] != crc8(i2c_response + 3, 2, 0xFF, 0x31, true)) {
       this->error_code_ = CRC_CHECK_FAILED;
       this->status_set_warning();
diff --git a/esphome/components/ina2xx_base/ina2xx_base.cpp b/esphome/components/ina2xx_base/ina2xx_base.cpp
index 8a20192c1e..9f510eef74 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ina2xx_base/ina2xx_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ina2xx_base/ina2xx_base.cpp
@@ -599,11 +599,7 @@ bool INA2XX::read_unsigned_16_(uint8_t reg, uint16_t &out) {
 }
 
 int64_t INA2XX::two_complement_(uint64_t value, uint8_t bits) {
-  if (value > (1ULL << (bits - 1))) {
-    return (int64_t) (value - (1ULL << bits));
-  } else {
-    return (int64_t) value;
-  }
+  return (int64_t) (value << (64 - bits)) >> (64 - bits);
 }
 }  // namespace ina2xx_base
 }  // namespace esphome
diff --git a/esphome/components/inkplate/inkplate.cpp b/esphome/components/inkplate/inkplate.cpp
index df9c2b29c7..7551c6fc77 100644
--- a/esphome/components/inkplate/inkplate.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/inkplate/inkplate.cpp
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ void Inkplate::display1b_() {
       break;
   }
 
-  uint32_t clock = (1 << this->cl_pin_->get_pin());
+  uint32_t clock = (1UL << this->cl_pin_->get_pin());
   uint32_t data_mask = this->get_data_pin_mask_();
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Display1b start loops (%ums)", millis() - start_time);
 
@@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ void Inkplate::display3b_() {
       break;
   }
 
-  uint32_t clock = (1 << this->cl_pin_->get_pin());
+  uint32_t clock = (1UL << this->cl_pin_->get_pin());
   uint32_t data_mask = this->get_data_pin_mask_();
   uint32_t pos;
   uint32_t data;
@@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ bool Inkplate::partial_update_() {
   int rep = (this->model_ == INKPLATE_6_V2) ? 6 : 5;
 
   eink_on_();
-  uint32_t clock = (1 << this->cl_pin_->get_pin());
+  uint32_t clock = (1UL << this->cl_pin_->get_pin());
   uint32_t data_mask = this->get_data_pin_mask_();
   for (int k = 0; k < rep; k++) {
     vscan_start_();
@@ -704,7 +704,7 @@ void Inkplate::vscan_start_() {
 }
 
 void Inkplate::hscan_start_(uint32_t d) {
-  uint8_t clock = (1 << this->cl_pin_->get_pin());
+  uint32_t clock = (1UL << this->cl_pin_->get_pin());
   this->sph_pin_->digital_write(false);
   GPIO.out_w1ts = d | clock;
   GPIO.out_w1tc = this->get_data_pin_mask_() | clock;
@@ -751,7 +751,7 @@ void Inkplate::clean_fast_(uint8_t c, uint8_t rep) {
 
   uint32_t send = ((data & 0b00000011) << 4) | (((data & 0b00001100) >> 2) << 18) | (((data & 0b00010000) >> 4) << 23) |
                   (((data & 0b11100000) >> 5) << 25);
-  uint32_t clock = (1 << this->cl_pin_->get_pin());
+  uint32_t clock = (1UL << this->cl_pin_->get_pin());
 
   for (int k = 0; k < rep; k++) {
     vscan_start_();
diff --git a/esphome/components/msa3xx/msa3xx.cpp b/esphome/components/msa3xx/msa3xx.cpp
index e46bfed193..6d6b21e6af 100644
--- a/esphome/components/msa3xx/msa3xx.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/msa3xx/msa3xx.cpp
@@ -364,11 +364,7 @@ void MSA3xxComponent::setup_offset_(float offset_x, float offset_y, float offset
 }
 
 int64_t MSA3xxComponent::twos_complement_(uint64_t value, uint8_t bits) {
-  if (value > (1ULL << (bits - 1))) {
-    return (int64_t) (value - (1ULL << bits));
-  } else {
-    return (int64_t) value;
-  }
+  return (int64_t) (value << (64 - bits)) >> (64 - bits);
 }
 
 void binary_event_debounce(bool state, bool old_state, uint32_t now, uint32_t &last_ms, Trigger<> &trigger,
diff --git a/esphome/components/nfc/ndef_record_text.cpp b/esphome/components/nfc/ndef_record_text.cpp
index 80b0108b46..8a9a2cb014 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nfc/ndef_record_text.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/nfc/ndef_record_text.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,11 @@ NdefRecordText::NdefRecordText(const std::vector<uint8_t> &payload) {
 
   uint8_t language_code_length = payload[0] & 0b00111111;  // Todo, make use of encoding bit?
 
+  if (1 + language_code_length > payload.size()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Record payload too short for language code");
+    return;
+  }
+
   this->language_code_ = std::string(payload.begin() + 1, payload.begin() + 1 + language_code_length);
 
   this->text_ = std::string(payload.begin() + 1 + language_code_length, payload.end());
diff --git a/esphome/components/nfc/nfc.cpp b/esphome/components/nfc/nfc.cpp
index 8567b0969a..55543cd292 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nfc/nfc.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/nfc/nfc.cpp
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ uint8_t guess_tag_type(uint8_t uid_length) {
   }
 }
 
-uint8_t get_mifare_classic_ndef_start_index(std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
+int8_t get_mifare_classic_ndef_start_index(std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
   for (uint8_t i = 0; i < MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCK_SIZE; i++) {
     if (data[i] == 0x00) {
       // Do nothing, skip
@@ -49,17 +49,25 @@ uint8_t get_mifare_classic_ndef_start_index(std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
 }
 
 bool decode_mifare_classic_tlv(std::vector<uint8_t> &data, uint32_t &message_length, uint8_t &message_start_index) {
+  if (data.size() < MIFARE_CLASSIC_BLOCK_SIZE) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error, data too short for NDEF detection.");
+    return false;
+  }
   auto i = get_mifare_classic_ndef_start_index(data);
-  if (data[i] != 0x03) {
+  if (i < 0 || data[i] != 0x03) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error, Can't decode message length.");
     return false;
   }
-  if (data[i + 1] == 0xFF) {
-    message_length = ((0xFF & data[i + 2]) << 8) | (0xFF & data[i + 3]);
-    message_start_index = i + MIFARE_CLASSIC_LONG_TLV_SIZE;
+  uint8_t idx = static_cast<uint8_t>(i);
+  if (idx + 4 <= data.size() && data[idx + 1] == 0xFF) {
+    message_length = ((0xFF & data[idx + 2]) << 8) | (0xFF & data[idx + 3]);
+    message_start_index = idx + MIFARE_CLASSIC_LONG_TLV_SIZE;
+  } else if (idx + 2 <= data.size()) {
+    message_length = data[idx + 1];
+    message_start_index = idx + MIFARE_CLASSIC_SHORT_TLV_SIZE;
   } else {
-    message_length = data[i + 1];
-    message_start_index = i + MIFARE_CLASSIC_SHORT_TLV_SIZE;
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error, TLV data too short.");
+    return false;
   }
   return true;
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/nfc/nfc.h b/esphome/components/nfc/nfc.h
index cdaea82af6..8ca5cb7ea4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nfc/nfc.h
+++ b/esphome/components/nfc/nfc.h
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ ESPDEPRECATED("Use format_bytes_to() with stack buffer instead. Removed in 2026.
 std::string format_bytes(std::span<const uint8_t> bytes);
 
 uint8_t guess_tag_type(uint8_t uid_length);
-uint8_t get_mifare_classic_ndef_start_index(std::vector<uint8_t> &data);
+int8_t get_mifare_classic_ndef_start_index(std::vector<uint8_t> &data);
 bool decode_mifare_classic_tlv(std::vector<uint8_t> &data, uint32_t &message_length, uint8_t &message_start_index);
 uint32_t get_mifare_classic_buffer_size(uint32_t message_length);
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/template/text/template_text.h b/esphome/components/template/text/template_text.h
index 88c6afdf2c..7f176db09e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/template/text/template_text.h
+++ b/esphome/components/template/text/template_text.h
@@ -52,7 +52,11 @@ template<uint8_t SZ> class TextSaver : public TemplateTextSaverBase {
     bool hasdata = this->pref_.load(&temp);
 
     if (hasdata) {
-      value.assign(temp + 1, (size_t) temp[0]);
+      size_t len = static_cast<uint8_t>(temp[0]);
+      if (len > SZ) {
+        len = SZ;
+      }
+      value.assign(temp + 1, len);
     }
 
     this->prev_.assign(value);

From 4f4b2bfdecc1ccc06f344d4e0c6dbad88537a3a6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 2026 15:14:35 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 419/609] [bmp581_base][bl0906] Fix 24-bit sign extension bugs
 (#14558)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/bl0906/bl0906.cpp           | 4 +++-
 esphome/components/bmp581_base/bmp581_base.cpp | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/bl0906/bl0906.cpp b/esphome/components/bl0906/bl0906.cpp
index c1cd48a1ac..7b643bba98 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bl0906/bl0906.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/bl0906/bl0906.cpp
@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@ static const char *const TAG = "bl0906";
 
 constexpr uint32_t to_uint32_t(ube24_t input) { return input.h << 16 | input.m << 8 | input.l; }
 
-constexpr int32_t to_int32_t(sbe24_t input) { return input.h << 16 | input.m << 8 | input.l; }
+constexpr int32_t to_int32_t(sbe24_t input) {
+  return static_cast<int32_t>(encode_uint32((uint8_t) input.h, input.m, input.l, 0)) >> 8;
+}
 
 // The SUM byte is (Addr+Data_L+Data_M+Data_H)&0xFF negated;
 constexpr uint8_t bl0906_checksum(const uint8_t address, const DataPacket *data) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/bmp581_base/bmp581_base.cpp b/esphome/components/bmp581_base/bmp581_base.cpp
index c4a96ebc39..89a92de31d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bmp581_base/bmp581_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/bmp581_base/bmp581_base.cpp
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ bool BMP581Component::read_temperature_(float &temperature) {
   }
 
   // temperature MSB is in data[2], LSB is in data[1], XLSB in data[0]
-  int32_t raw_temp = (int32_t) data[2] << 16 | (int32_t) data[1] << 8 | (int32_t) data[0];
+  int32_t raw_temp = static_cast<int32_t>(encode_uint32(data[2], data[1], data[0], 0)) >> 8;
   temperature = (float) (raw_temp / 65536.0);  // convert measurement to degrees Celsius (page 22 of datasheet)
 
   return true;
@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ bool BMP581Component::read_temperature_and_pressure_(float &temperature, float &
   }
 
   // temperature MSB is in data[2], LSB is in data[1], XLSB in data[0]
-  int32_t raw_temp = (int32_t) data[2] << 16 | (int32_t) data[1] << 8 | (int32_t) data[0];
+  int32_t raw_temp = static_cast<int32_t>(encode_uint32(data[2], data[1], data[0], 0)) >> 8;
   temperature = (float) (raw_temp / 65536.0);  // convert measurement to degrees Celsius (page 22 of datasheet)
 
   // pressure MSB is in data[5], LSB is in data[4], XLSB in data[3]

From 2c83c6a79f356d3f0f6910fc573e47c53e695c5e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 2026 15:47:56 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 420/609] 
 [shelly_dimmer][lvgl][seeed_mr60fda2][packet_transport] Fix buffer bounds
 checks (#14534)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp      |  3 ++
 .../packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp     |  2 +
 .../seeed_mr60fda2/seeed_mr60fda2.cpp         | 44 ++++++++-----------
 .../shelly_dimmer/shelly_dimmer.cpp           |  4 +-
 4 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp b/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp
index 3e447e9169..66cb25b864 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp
@@ -422,6 +422,9 @@ void LvglComponent::write_random_() {
     auto row = random_uint32() % this->disp_drv_.ver_res;
     row = row / this->draw_rounding * this->draw_rounding;
     auto size = ((random_uint32() % 32) / this->draw_rounding + 2) * this->draw_rounding - 1;
+    // clamp size so the square fits within the draw buffer
+    if ((size + 1) * (size + 1) > this->draw_buf_.size)
+      size = static_cast<decltype(size)>(sqrtf(this->draw_buf_.size)) - 1;
     lv_area_t area;
     area.x1 = col;
     area.y1 = row;
diff --git a/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp b/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp
index 6f1286b469..964037a02c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp
@@ -137,6 +137,8 @@ class PacketDecoder {
       return DECODE_EMPTY;
     if (this->buffer_[this->position_] != key)
       return DECODE_UNMATCHED;
+    if (this->position_ + 1 + sizeof(T) > this->len_)
+      return DECODE_ERROR;
     this->position_++;
     T value = 0;
     for (size_t i = 0; i != sizeof(T); ++i) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/seeed_mr60fda2.cpp b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/seeed_mr60fda2.cpp
index 5d571618d3..c6527a948e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/seeed_mr60fda2.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/seeed_mr60fda2.cpp
@@ -149,28 +149,25 @@ void MR60FDA2Component::split_frame_(uint8_t buffer) {
   switch (this->current_frame_locate_) {
     case LOCATE_FRAME_HEADER:  // starting buffer
       if (buffer == FRAME_HEADER_BUFFER) {
-        this->current_frame_len_ = 1;
-        this->current_frame_buf_[this->current_frame_len_ - 1] = buffer;
+        this->current_frame_len_ = 0;
+        this->current_frame_buf_[this->current_frame_len_++] = buffer;
         this->current_frame_locate_++;
       }
       break;
     case LOCATE_ID_FRAME1:
       this->current_frame_id_ = buffer << 8;
-      this->current_frame_len_++;
-      this->current_frame_buf_[this->current_frame_len_ - 1] = buffer;
+      this->current_frame_buf_[this->current_frame_len_++] = buffer;
       this->current_frame_locate_++;
       break;
     case LOCATE_ID_FRAME2:
       this->current_frame_id_ += buffer;
-      this->current_frame_len_++;
-      this->current_frame_buf_[this->current_frame_len_ - 1] = buffer;
+      this->current_frame_buf_[this->current_frame_len_++] = buffer;
       this->current_frame_locate_++;
       break;
     case LOCATE_LENGTH_FRAME_H:
       this->current_data_frame_len_ = buffer << 8;
-      if (this->current_data_frame_len_ == 0x00) {
-        this->current_frame_len_++;
-        this->current_frame_buf_[this->current_frame_len_ - 1] = buffer;
+      if (this->current_data_frame_len_ == 0) {
+        this->current_frame_buf_[this->current_frame_len_++] = buffer;
         this->current_frame_locate_++;
       } else {
         this->current_frame_locate_ = LOCATE_FRAME_HEADER;
@@ -181,15 +178,13 @@ void MR60FDA2Component::split_frame_(uint8_t buffer) {
       if (this->current_data_frame_len_ > DATA_BUF_MAX_SIZE) {
         this->current_frame_locate_ = LOCATE_FRAME_HEADER;
       } else {
-        this->current_frame_len_++;
-        this->current_frame_buf_[this->current_frame_len_ - 1] = buffer;
+        this->current_frame_buf_[this->current_frame_len_++] = buffer;
         this->current_frame_locate_++;
       }
       break;
     case LOCATE_TYPE_FRAME1:
       this->current_frame_type_ = buffer << 8;
-      this->current_frame_len_++;
-      this->current_frame_buf_[this->current_frame_len_ - 1] = buffer;
+      this->current_frame_buf_[this->current_frame_len_++] = buffer;
       this->current_frame_locate_++;
       break;
     case LOCATE_TYPE_FRAME2:
@@ -198,8 +193,7 @@ void MR60FDA2Component::split_frame_(uint8_t buffer) {
           (this->current_frame_type_ == PEOPLE_EXIST_TYPE_BUFFER) ||
           (this->current_frame_type_ == RESULT_INSTALL_HEIGHT) || (this->current_frame_type_ == RESULT_PARAMETERS) ||
           (this->current_frame_type_ == RESULT_HEIGHT_THRESHOLD) || (this->current_frame_type_ == RESULT_SENSITIVITY)) {
-        this->current_frame_len_++;
-        this->current_frame_buf_[this->current_frame_len_ - 1] = buffer;
+        this->current_frame_buf_[this->current_frame_len_++] = buffer;
         this->current_frame_locate_++;
       } else {
         this->current_frame_locate_ = LOCATE_FRAME_HEADER;
@@ -207,8 +201,7 @@ void MR60FDA2Component::split_frame_(uint8_t buffer) {
       break;
     case LOCATE_HEAD_CKSUM_FRAME:
       if (validate_checksum(this->current_frame_buf_, this->current_frame_len_, buffer)) {
-        this->current_frame_len_++;
-        this->current_frame_buf_[this->current_frame_len_ - 1] = buffer;
+        this->current_frame_buf_[this->current_frame_len_++] = buffer;
         this->current_frame_locate_++;
       } else {
         ESP_LOGD(TAG, "HEAD_CKSUM_FRAME ERROR: 0x%02x", buffer);
@@ -223,21 +216,20 @@ void MR60FDA2Component::split_frame_(uint8_t buffer) {
       }
       break;
     case LOCATE_DATA_FRAME:
-      this->current_frame_len_++;
-      this->current_frame_buf_[this->current_frame_len_ - 1] = buffer;
-      this->current_data_buf_[this->current_frame_len_ - LEN_TO_DATA_FRAME] = buffer;
-      if (this->current_frame_len_ - LEN_TO_HEAD_CKSUM == this->current_data_frame_len_) {
-        this->current_frame_locate_++;
-      }
-      if (this->current_frame_len_ > FRAME_BUF_MAX_SIZE) {
+      if (this->current_frame_len_ >= FRAME_BUF_MAX_SIZE) {
         ESP_LOGD(TAG, "PRACTICE_DATA_FRAME_LEN ERROR: %d", this->current_frame_len_ - LEN_TO_HEAD_CKSUM);
         this->current_frame_locate_ = LOCATE_FRAME_HEADER;
+        break;
+      }
+      this->current_data_buf_[this->current_frame_len_ - LEN_TO_DATA_FRAME + 1] = buffer;
+      this->current_frame_buf_[this->current_frame_len_++] = buffer;
+      if (this->current_frame_len_ - LEN_TO_HEAD_CKSUM == this->current_data_frame_len_) {
+        this->current_frame_locate_++;
       }
       break;
     case LOCATE_DATA_CKSUM_FRAME:
       if (validate_checksum(this->current_data_buf_, this->current_data_frame_len_, buffer)) {
-        this->current_frame_len_++;
-        this->current_frame_buf_[this->current_frame_len_ - 1] = buffer;
+        this->current_frame_buf_[this->current_frame_len_++] = buffer;
         this->current_frame_locate_++;
         this->process_frame_();
       } else {
diff --git a/esphome/components/shelly_dimmer/shelly_dimmer.cpp b/esphome/components/shelly_dimmer/shelly_dimmer.cpp
index bdb33d31af..88fcbcbfe1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/shelly_dimmer/shelly_dimmer.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/shelly_dimmer/shelly_dimmer.cpp
@@ -188,8 +188,8 @@ bool ShellyDimmer::upgrade_firmware_() {
       break;
     }
 
-    std::memcpy(buffer, p, BUFFER_SIZE);
-    p += BUFFER_SIZE;
+    std::memcpy(buffer, p, len);
+    p += len;
 
     if (stm32_write_memory(stm32, addr, buffer, len) != STM32_ERR_OK) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to write to STM32 flash memory");

From 587bf68091caffac14f4d7ed2714fac28848354c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 2026 16:03:30 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 421/609] [ltr501][pvvx_mithermometer][smt100] Convert static
 locals to instance members (#14569)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@home-assistant.io>
---
 esphome/components/ltr501/ltr501.cpp          | 21 +++++++++----------
 esphome/components/ltr501/ltr501.h            |  3 +++
 .../pvvx_mithermometer/pvvx_mithermometer.cpp |  7 +++----
 .../pvvx_mithermometer/pvvx_mithermometer.h   |  2 ++
 esphome/components/smt100/smt100.cpp          | 16 +++++++-------
 esphome/components/smt100/smt100.h            |  3 +++
 6 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ltr501/ltr501.cpp b/esphome/components/ltr501/ltr501.cpp
index 04de91e362..4c9006be1d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ltr501/ltr501.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ltr501/ltr501.cpp
@@ -146,7 +146,6 @@ void LTRAlsPs501Component::update() {
 
 void LTRAlsPs501Component::loop() {
   ErrorCode err = i2c::ERROR_OK;
-  static uint8_t tries{0};
 
   switch (this->state_) {
     case State::DELAYED_SETUP:
@@ -175,20 +174,20 @@ void LTRAlsPs501Component::loop() {
 
     case State::WAITING_FOR_DATA:
       if (this->is_als_data_ready_(this->als_readings_) == LtrDataAvail::LTR_DATA_OK) {
-        tries = 0;
+        this->tries_ = 0;
         ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Reading sensor data assuming gain = %.0fx, time = %d ms",
                  get_gain_coeff(this->als_readings_.gain), get_itime_ms(this->als_readings_.integration_time));
         this->read_sensor_data_(this->als_readings_);
         this->apply_lux_calculation_(this->als_readings_);
         this->state_ = State::DATA_COLLECTED;
-      } else if (tries >= MAX_TRIES) {
+      } else if (this->tries_ >= MAX_TRIES) {
         ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Can't get data after several tries. Aborting.");
-        tries = 0;
+        this->tries_ = 0;
         this->status_set_warning();
         this->state_ = State::IDLE;
         return;
       } else {
-        tries++;
+        this->tries_++;
       }
       break;
 
@@ -230,21 +229,21 @@ void LTRAlsPs501Component::loop() {
 }
 
 void LTRAlsPs501Component::check_and_trigger_ps_() {
-  static uint32_t last_high_trigger_time{0};
-  static uint32_t last_low_trigger_time{0};
   uint16_t ps_data = this->read_ps_data_();
   uint32_t now = millis();
 
   if (ps_data != this->ps_readings_) {
     this->ps_readings_ = ps_data;
     // Higher values - object is closer to sensor
-    if (ps_data > this->ps_threshold_high_ && now - last_high_trigger_time >= this->ps_cooldown_time_s_ * 1000) {
-      last_high_trigger_time = now;
+    if (ps_data > this->ps_threshold_high_ &&
+        now - this->last_ps_high_trigger_time_ >= this->ps_cooldown_time_s_ * 1000) {
+      this->last_ps_high_trigger_time_ = now;
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Proximity high threshold triggered. Value = %d, Trigger level = %d", ps_data,
                this->ps_threshold_high_);
       this->on_ps_high_trigger_callback_.call();
-    } else if (ps_data < this->ps_threshold_low_ && now - last_low_trigger_time >= this->ps_cooldown_time_s_ * 1000) {
-      last_low_trigger_time = now;
+    } else if (ps_data < this->ps_threshold_low_ &&
+               now - this->last_ps_low_trigger_time_ >= this->ps_cooldown_time_s_ * 1000) {
+      this->last_ps_low_trigger_time_ = now;
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Proximity low threshold triggered. Value = %d, Trigger level = %d", ps_data,
                this->ps_threshold_low_);
       this->on_ps_low_trigger_callback_.call();
diff --git a/esphome/components/ltr501/ltr501.h b/esphome/components/ltr501/ltr501.h
index 02c025da30..d9a53c9bd4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ltr501/ltr501.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ltr501/ltr501.h
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ class LTRAlsPs501Component : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
     READY_TO_PUBLISH,
     KEEP_PUBLISHING
   } state_{State::NOT_INITIALIZED};
+  uint8_t tries_{0};
 
   LtrType ltr_type_{LtrType::LTR_TYPE_ALS_ONLY};
 
@@ -130,6 +131,8 @@ class LTRAlsPs501Component : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
   PsGain501 ps_gain_{PsGain501::PS_GAIN_1};
   uint16_t ps_threshold_high_{0xffff};
   uint16_t ps_threshold_low_{0x0000};
+  uint32_t last_ps_high_trigger_time_{0};
+  uint32_t last_ps_low_trigger_time_{0};
 
   //
   //   Sensors for publishing data
diff --git a/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/pvvx_mithermometer.cpp b/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/pvvx_mithermometer.cpp
index 239a1e74fe..35badf48bb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/pvvx_mithermometer.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/pvvx_mithermometer.cpp
@@ -66,12 +66,11 @@ optional<ParseResult> PVVXMiThermometer::parse_header_(const esp32_ble_tracker::
     return {};
   }
 
-  static uint8_t last_frame_count = 0;
-  if (last_frame_count == raw[13]) {
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_header(): duplicate data packet received (%hhu).", last_frame_count);
+  if (this->last_frame_count_ == raw[13]) {
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "parse_header(): duplicate data packet received (%hhu).", this->last_frame_count_);
     return {};
   }
-  last_frame_count = raw[13];
+  this->last_frame_count_ = raw[13];
 
   return result;
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/pvvx_mithermometer.h b/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/pvvx_mithermometer.h
index c15e1e7e22..09b5e91a16 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/pvvx_mithermometer.h
+++ b/esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/pvvx_mithermometer.h
@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ class PVVXMiThermometer : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevic
   sensor::Sensor *battery_voltage_{nullptr};
   sensor::Sensor *signal_strength_{nullptr};
 
+  uint8_t last_frame_count_{0};
+
   optional<ParseResult> parse_header_(const esp32_ble_tracker::ServiceData &service_data);
   bool parse_message_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &message, ParseResult &result);
   bool report_results_(const optional<ParseResult> &result, const char *address);
diff --git a/esphome/components/smt100/smt100.cpp b/esphome/components/smt100/smt100.cpp
index 1bcb964264..105cc06edb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/smt100/smt100.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/smt100/smt100.cpp
@@ -12,10 +12,9 @@ void SMT100Component::update() {
 }
 
 void SMT100Component::loop() {
-  static char buffer[MAX_LINE_LENGTH];
   while (this->available() != 0) {
-    if (readline_(read(), buffer, MAX_LINE_LENGTH) > 0) {
-      int counts = (int) strtol((strtok(buffer, ",")), nullptr, 10);
+    if (this->readline_(this->read(), this->readline_buffer_, MAX_LINE_LENGTH) > 0) {
+      int counts = (int) strtol((strtok(this->readline_buffer_, ",")), nullptr, 10);
       float permittivity = (float) strtod((strtok(nullptr, ",")), nullptr);
       float moisture = (float) strtod((strtok(nullptr, ",")), nullptr);
       float temperature = (float) strtod((strtok(nullptr, ",")), nullptr);
@@ -56,7 +55,6 @@ void SMT100Component::dump_config() {
 }
 
 int SMT100Component::readline_(int readch, char *buffer, int len) {
-  static int pos = 0;
   int rpos;
 
   if (readch > 0) {
@@ -64,13 +62,13 @@ int SMT100Component::readline_(int readch, char *buffer, int len) {
       case '\n':  // Ignore new-lines
         break;
       case '\r':  // Return on CR
-        rpos = pos;
-        pos = 0;  // Reset position index ready for next time
+        rpos = this->readline_pos_;
+        this->readline_pos_ = 0;  // Reset position index ready for next time
         return rpos;
       default:
-        if (pos < len - 1) {
-          buffer[pos++] = readch;
-          buffer[pos] = 0;
+        if (this->readline_pos_ < len - 1) {
+          buffer[this->readline_pos_++] = readch;
+          buffer[this->readline_pos_] = 0;
         }
     }
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/smt100/smt100.h b/esphome/components/smt100/smt100.h
index df8803e1c6..cb01b1ed55 100644
--- a/esphome/components/smt100/smt100.h
+++ b/esphome/components/smt100/smt100.h
@@ -28,6 +28,9 @@ class SMT100Component : public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDevice {
  protected:
   int readline_(int readch, char *buffer, int len);
 
+  char readline_buffer_[MAX_LINE_LENGTH]{};
+  int readline_pos_{0};
+
   sensor::Sensor *counts_sensor_{nullptr};
   sensor::Sensor *permittivity_sensor_{nullptr};
   sensor::Sensor *moisture_sensor_{nullptr};

From 5777908da712d64dde2f760d68aaa707b606dc1f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 2026 16:03:53 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 422/609] [iaqcore][scd30][sen21231][beken_spi_led_strip] Fix
 uninitialized variables and missing error checks (#14568)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/beken_spi_led_strip/led_strip.cpp |  2 +-
 esphome/components/iaqcore/iaqcore.cpp               | 10 ++++++----
 esphome/components/scd30/scd30.cpp                   |  2 +-
 esphome/components/sen21231/sen21231.cpp             |  7 ++++++-
 4 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/beken_spi_led_strip/led_strip.cpp b/esphome/components/beken_spi_led_strip/led_strip.cpp
index 67b8472257..f425f3ca5c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/beken_spi_led_strip/led_strip.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/beken_spi_led_strip/led_strip.cpp
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ static void spi_set_clock(uint32_t max_hz) {
   int source_clk = 0;
   int spi_clk = 0;
   int div = 0;
-  uint32_t param;
+  uint32_t param = PWD_SPI_CLK_BIT;
   if (max_hz > 4333000) {
     if (max_hz > 30000000) {
       spi_clk = 30000000;
diff --git a/esphome/components/iaqcore/iaqcore.cpp b/esphome/components/iaqcore/iaqcore.cpp
index 274f9086b6..c414eb8f60 100644
--- a/esphome/components/iaqcore/iaqcore.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/iaqcore/iaqcore.cpp
@@ -10,11 +10,13 @@ static const char *const TAG = "iaqcore";
 
 enum IAQCoreErrorCode : uint8_t { ERROR_OK = 0, ERROR_RUNIN = 0x10, ERROR_BUSY = 0x01, ERROR_ERROR = 0x80 };
 
+static constexpr size_t SENSOR_DATA_LENGTH = 9;
+
 struct SensorData {
-  uint16_t co2;
-  IAQCoreErrorCode status;
   int32_t resistance;
+  uint16_t co2;
   uint16_t tvoc;
+  IAQCoreErrorCode status;
 
   SensorData(const uint8_t *buffer) {
     this->co2 = encode_uint16(buffer[0], buffer[1]);
@@ -33,9 +35,9 @@ void IAQCore::setup() {
 }
 
 void IAQCore::update() {
-  uint8_t buffer[sizeof(SensorData)];
+  uint8_t buffer[SENSOR_DATA_LENGTH];
 
-  if (this->read_register(0xB5, buffer, sizeof(buffer)) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+  if (this->read_register(0xB5, buffer, SENSOR_DATA_LENGTH) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Read failed");
     this->status_set_warning();
     this->publish_nans_();
diff --git a/esphome/components/scd30/scd30.cpp b/esphome/components/scd30/scd30.cpp
index 3c2c06fd68..e61d0142be 100644
--- a/esphome/components/scd30/scd30.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/scd30/scd30.cpp
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ bool SCD30Component::force_recalibration_with_reference(uint16_t co2_reference)
 }
 
 uint16_t SCD30Component::get_forced_calibration_reference() {
-  uint16_t forced_calibration_reference;
+  uint16_t forced_calibration_reference = 0;
   // Get current CO2 calibration
   if (!this->get_register(SCD30_CMD_FORCED_CALIBRATION, forced_calibration_reference)) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unable to read forced calibration reference.");
diff --git a/esphome/components/sen21231/sen21231.cpp b/esphome/components/sen21231/sen21231.cpp
index 67001c3f14..8c9f3d7134 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sen21231/sen21231.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sen21231/sen21231.cpp
@@ -20,7 +20,12 @@ void Sen21231Sensor::dump_config() {
 
 void Sen21231Sensor::read_data_() {
   person_sensor_results_t results;
-  this->read_bytes(PERSON_SENSOR_I2C_ADDRESS, (uint8_t *) &results, sizeof(results));
+  if (!this->read_bytes(PERSON_SENSOR_I2C_ADDRESS, (uint8_t *) &results, sizeof(results))) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to read data from SEN21231");
+    this->status_set_warning();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->status_clear_warning();
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "SEN21231: %d faces detected", results.num_faces);
   this->publish_state(results.num_faces);
   if (results.num_faces == 1) {

From de7572bd3e7ebb9308744efb6f7faf88c480629d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 2026 16:04:12 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 423/609] [lightwaverf] Fix ISR safety issues (#14563)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/lightwaverf/LwRx.cpp | 14 +++++++++++---
 esphome/components/lightwaverf/LwRx.h   |  4 ++--
 esphome/components/lightwaverf/LwTx.cpp |  3 ++-
 esphome/components/lightwaverf/LwTx.h   |  4 ++--
 4 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/lightwaverf/LwRx.cpp b/esphome/components/lightwaverf/LwRx.cpp
index 2b1ad5e870..9710457850 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lightwaverf/LwRx.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/lightwaverf/LwRx.cpp
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 #include "LwRx.h"
 #include <cstring>
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace lightwaverf {
@@ -185,13 +186,20 @@ bool LwRx::lwrx_getmessage(uint8_t *buf, uint8_t len) {
   bool ret = true;
   int16_t j = 0;  // int
   if (this->rx_msgcomplete && len <= RX_MSGLEN) {
+    // Copy message under interrupt lock to prevent ISR overwriting rx_msg mid-read
+    uint8_t msg_copy[RX_MSGLEN];
+    {
+      InterruptLock lock;
+      memcpy(msg_copy, this->rx_msg, RX_MSGLEN);
+      this->rx_msgcomplete = false;
+    }
     for (uint8_t i = 0; ret && i < RX_MSGLEN; i++) {
       if (this->rx_translate || (len != RX_MSGLEN)) {
-        j = this->rx_find_nibble_(this->rx_msg[i]);
+        j = this->rx_find_nibble_(msg_copy[i]);
         if (j < 0)
           ret = false;
       } else {
-        j = this->rx_msg[i];
+        j = msg_copy[i];
       }
       switch (len) {
         case 4:
@@ -199,6 +207,7 @@ bool LwRx::lwrx_getmessage(uint8_t *buf, uint8_t len) {
             buf[2] = j;
           if (i == 2)
             buf[3] = j;
+          [[fallthrough]];
         case 2:
           if (i == 3)
             buf[0] = j;
@@ -212,7 +221,6 @@ bool LwRx::lwrx_getmessage(uint8_t *buf, uint8_t len) {
           break;
       }
     }
-    this->rx_msgcomplete = false;
   } else {
     ret = false;
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/lightwaverf/LwRx.h b/esphome/components/lightwaverf/LwRx.h
index 7200f9a51c..8b34de9fbb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lightwaverf/LwRx.h
+++ b/esphome/components/lightwaverf/LwRx.h
@@ -105,8 +105,8 @@ class LwRx {
 
   uint32_t rx_prev;  // time of previous interrupt in microseconds
 
-  bool rx_msgcomplete = false;  // set high when message available
-  bool rx_translate = true;     // Set false to get raw data
+  volatile bool rx_msgcomplete = false;  // set high when message available
+  bool rx_translate = true;              // Set false to get raw data
 
   uint8_t rx_state = 0;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/lightwaverf/LwTx.cpp b/esphome/components/lightwaverf/LwTx.cpp
index b69b93b978..8852935bfd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lightwaverf/LwTx.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/lightwaverf/LwTx.cpp
@@ -192,7 +192,8 @@ void LwTx::lwtx_set_gap_multiplier(uint8_t gap_multiplier) { this->tx_gap_multip
 void LwTx::lw_timer_start() {
   {
     InterruptLock lock;
-    static LwTx *arg = this;  // NOLINT
+    static LwTx *arg;
+    arg = this;
     timer1_attachInterrupt([] { isr_t_xtimer(arg); });
     timer1_enable(TIM_DIV16, TIM_EDGE, TIM_LOOP);
     timer1_write(this->espPeriod);
diff --git a/esphome/components/lightwaverf/LwTx.h b/esphome/components/lightwaverf/LwTx.h
index fe7b942a3a..9192426440 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lightwaverf/LwTx.h
+++ b/esphome/components/lightwaverf/LwTx.h
@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ class LwTx {
   uint8_t tx_repeats = 12;  // Number of repeats of message sent
   uint8_t txon = 1;
   uint8_t txoff = 0;
-  bool tx_msg_active = false;  // set true to activate message sending
-  bool tx_translate = true;    // Set false to send raw data
+  volatile bool tx_msg_active = false;  // set true to activate message sending
+  bool tx_translate = true;             // Set false to send raw data
 
   uint8_t tx_buf[TX_MSGLEN];  // the message buffer during reception
   uint8_t tx_repeat = 0;      // counter for repeats

From c26c5935b6c9bb1b7a521efa7188a0c3dad74e66 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 2026 12:12:19 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 424/609] Bump github/codeql-action from 4.32.5 to 4.32.6
 (#14566)

Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .github/workflows/codeql.yml | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeql.yml b/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
index 4bd018b5c9..1a0c54da6d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ jobs:
 
       # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
       - name: Initialize CodeQL
-        uses: github/codeql-action/init@c793b717bc78562f491db7b0e93a3a178b099162 # v4.32.5
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@0d579ffd059c29b07949a3cce3983f0780820c98 # v4.32.6
         with:
           languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
           build-mode: ${{ matrix.build-mode }}
@@ -86,6 +86,6 @@ jobs:
           exit 1
 
       - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@c793b717bc78562f491db7b0e93a3a178b099162 # v4.32.5
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@0d579ffd059c29b07949a3cce3983f0780820c98 # v4.32.6
         with:
           category: "/language:${{matrix.language}}"

From 086c1bb505dc718d35e9c91b6fbea5bb54705735 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 2026 12:12:44 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 425/609] Bump docker/build-push-action from 6.19.2 to 7.0.0 in
 /.github/actions/build-image (#14567)

Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .github/actions/build-image/action.yaml | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/actions/build-image/action.yaml b/.github/actions/build-image/action.yaml
index 38e93c4f17..a895226030 100644
--- a/.github/actions/build-image/action.yaml
+++ b/.github/actions/build-image/action.yaml
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ runs:
 
     - name: Build and push to ghcr by digest
       id: build-ghcr
-      uses: docker/build-push-action@10e90e3645eae34f1e60eeb005ba3a3d33f178e8 # v6.19.2
+      uses: docker/build-push-action@d08e5c354a6adb9ed34480a06d141179aa583294 # v7.0.0
       env:
         DOCKER_BUILD_SUMMARY: false
         DOCKER_BUILD_RECORD_UPLOAD: false
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ runs:
 
     - name: Build and push to dockerhub by digest
       id: build-dockerhub
-      uses: docker/build-push-action@10e90e3645eae34f1e60eeb005ba3a3d33f178e8 # v6.19.2
+      uses: docker/build-push-action@d08e5c354a6adb9ed34480a06d141179aa583294 # v7.0.0
       env:
         DOCKER_BUILD_SUMMARY: false
         DOCKER_BUILD_RECORD_UPLOAD: false

From 035f98569326bafd7da350e4a15c2739c424e987 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 2026 22:16:36 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 426/609] Bump ruff from 0.15.4 to 0.15.5 (#14565)

Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@home-assistant.io>
---
 .pre-commit-config.yaml | 2 +-
 requirements_test.txt   | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index d70dd9d0e1..b036da6ef1 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ ci:
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
     # Ruff version.
-    rev: v0.15.3
+    rev: v0.15.5
     hooks:
       # Run the linter.
       - id: ruff
diff --git a/requirements_test.txt b/requirements_test.txt
index 6b2617b656..93a20896aa 100644
--- a/requirements_test.txt
+++ b/requirements_test.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 pylint==4.0.5
 flake8==7.3.0  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
-ruff==0.15.4  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
+ruff==0.15.5  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
 pyupgrade==3.21.2  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
 pre-commit
 

From d8deb2255d3a982bb3a755efa9291a2a59014c69 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 2026 17:18:09 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 427/609] [mipi_rgb] Fix byte order and dirty bounds in fill()
 (#14537)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/mipi_rgb/mipi_rgb.cpp | 12 ++++++------
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/mipi_rgb.cpp b/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/mipi_rgb.cpp
index 7ff6868c15..ae7c795846 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/mipi_rgb.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/mipi_rgb.cpp
@@ -288,9 +288,7 @@ void MipiRgb::draw_pixel_at(int x, int y, Color color) {
   if (!this->check_buffer_())
     return;
   size_t pos = (y * this->width_) + x;
-  uint8_t hi_byte = static_cast<uint8_t>(color.r & 0xF8) | (color.g >> 5);
-  uint8_t lo_byte = static_cast<uint8_t>((color.g & 0x1C) << 3) | (color.b >> 3);
-  uint16_t new_color = hi_byte | (lo_byte << 8);  // big endian
+  uint16_t new_color = convert_big_endian(display::ColorUtil::color_to_565(color));
   if (this->buffer_[pos] == new_color)
     return;
   this->buffer_[pos] = new_color;
@@ -315,10 +313,12 @@ void MipiRgb::fill(Color color) {
   }
 
   auto *ptr_16 = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t *>(this->buffer_);
-  uint8_t hi_byte = static_cast<uint8_t>(color.r & 0xF8) | (color.g >> 5);
-  uint8_t lo_byte = static_cast<uint8_t>((color.g & 0x1C) << 3) | (color.b >> 3);
-  uint16_t new_color = lo_byte | (hi_byte << 8);  // little endian
+  uint16_t new_color = convert_big_endian(display::ColorUtil::color_to_565(color));
   std::fill_n(ptr_16, this->width_ * this->height_, new_color);
+  this->x_low_ = 0;
+  this->y_low_ = 0;
+  this->x_high_ = this->width_ - 1;
+  this->y_high_ = this->height_ - 1;
 }
 
 int MipiRgb::get_width() {

From f53ee70caadb75ef3ffe20f2a471d15ba06e34a7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AndreKR <haensel@creations.de>
Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2026 01:29:20 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 428/609] [http_request] Make TLS buffer configurable on
 ESP8266 (#14009)

Co-authored-by: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/http_request/__init__.py            | 10 ++++++++++
 .../components/http_request/http_request_arduino.cpp   |  8 +++-----
 esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.h | 10 ++++++++++
 tests/components/http_request/test.esp8266-ard.yaml    |  8 +++++---
 4 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/__init__.py b/esphome/components/http_request/__init__.py
index 2d6ecae0bc..81337ebdf6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/__init__.py
@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@ CONF_FOLLOW_REDIRECTS = "follow_redirects"
 CONF_REDIRECT_LIMIT = "redirect_limit"
 CONF_BUFFER_SIZE_RX = "buffer_size_rx"
 CONF_BUFFER_SIZE_TX = "buffer_size_tx"
+CONF_TLS_BUFFER_SIZE_RX = "tls_buffer_size_rx"
+CONF_TLS_BUFFER_SIZE_TX = "tls_buffer_size_tx"
 CONF_CA_CERTIFICATE_PATH = "ca_certificate_path"
 
 CONF_MAX_RESPONSE_BUFFER_SIZE = "max_response_buffer_size"
@@ -124,6 +126,12 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.SplitDefault(CONF_BUFFER_SIZE_TX, esp32=512): cv.All(
                 cv.uint16_t, cv.only_on_esp32
             ),
+            cv.SplitDefault(CONF_TLS_BUFFER_SIZE_RX, esp8266=512): cv.All(
+                cv.uint16_t, cv.only_on_esp8266
+            ),
+            cv.SplitDefault(CONF_TLS_BUFFER_SIZE_TX, esp8266=512): cv.All(
+                cv.uint16_t, cv.only_on_esp8266
+            ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_CA_CERTIFICATE_PATH): cv.All(
                 cv.file_,
                 cv.Any(cv.only_on(PLATFORM_HOST), cv.only_on_esp32),
@@ -150,6 +158,8 @@ async def to_code(config):
 
     if CORE.is_esp8266 and not config[CONF_ESP8266_DISABLE_SSL_SUPPORT]:
         cg.add_define("USE_HTTP_REQUEST_ESP8266_HTTPS")
+        cg.add(var.set_tls_buffer_size_rx(config[CONF_TLS_BUFFER_SIZE_RX]))
+        cg.add(var.set_tls_buffer_size_tx(config[CONF_TLS_BUFFER_SIZE_TX]))
 
     if timeout_ms := config.get(CONF_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT):
         cg.add(var.set_watchdog_timeout(timeout_ms))
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.cpp b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.cpp
index 56b51e8b5a..f0dd649285 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.cpp
@@ -18,8 +18,6 @@ namespace esphome::http_request {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "http_request.arduino";
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266
-static constexpr int RX_BUFFER_SIZE = 512;
-static constexpr int TX_BUFFER_SIZE = 512;
 // ESP8266 Arduino core (WiFiClientSecureBearSSL.cpp) returns -1000 on OOM
 static constexpr int ESP8266_SSL_ERR_OOM = -1000;
 #endif
@@ -58,7 +56,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestArduino::perform(const std::string &ur
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "ESP8266 HTTPS connection with WiFiClientSecure");
     stream_ptr = std::make_unique<WiFiClientSecure>();
     WiFiClientSecure *secure_client = static_cast<WiFiClientSecure *>(stream_ptr.get());
-    secure_client->setBufferSizes(RX_BUFFER_SIZE, TX_BUFFER_SIZE);
+    secure_client->setBufferSizes(this->tls_buffer_size_rx_, this->tls_buffer_size_tx_);
     secure_client->setInsecure();
   } else {
     stream_ptr = std::make_unique<WiFiClient>();
@@ -138,8 +136,8 @@ std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestArduino::perform(const std::string &ur
         }
         ESP_LOGW(TAG, "SSL failure: %s (Code: %d)", LOG_STR_ARG(error_msg), last_error);
         if (last_error == ESP8266_SSL_ERR_OOM) {
-          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Heap free: %u bytes, configured buffer sizes: %u bytes", ESP.getFreeHeap(),
-                   static_cast<unsigned int>(RX_BUFFER_SIZE + TX_BUFFER_SIZE));
+          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Configured TLS buffer sizes: %u/%u bytes, check max free heap block using the debug component",
+                   (unsigned int) this->tls_buffer_size_rx_, (unsigned int) this->tls_buffer_size_tx_);
         }
       } else {
         ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Connection failure with no error code");
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.h b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.h
index d5ce5c0ff3..b009d45b1c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.h
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.h
@@ -47,10 +47,20 @@ class HttpContainerArduino : public HttpContainer {
 };
 
 class HttpRequestArduino : public HttpRequestComponent {
+ public:
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+  void set_tls_buffer_size_rx(uint16_t size) { this->tls_buffer_size_rx_ = size; }
+  void set_tls_buffer_size_tx(uint16_t size) { this->tls_buffer_size_tx_ = size; }
+#endif
+
  protected:
   std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> perform(const std::string &url, const std::string &method, const std::string &body,
                                          const std::vector<Header> &request_headers,
                                          const std::vector<std::string> &lower_case_collect_headers) override;
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+  uint16_t tls_buffer_size_rx_{512};
+  uint16_t tls_buffer_size_tx_{512};
+#endif
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::http_request
diff --git a/tests/components/http_request/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/http_request/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
index c1937b5a10..dd2d0df62b 100644
--- a/tests/components/http_request/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/http_request/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-substitutions:
-  verify_ssl: "false"
-
 <<: !include common.yaml
+
+http_request:
+  verify_ssl: false
+  tls_buffer_size_rx: 16384
+  tls_buffer_size_tx: 512

From df11e2765ed016dabcdc211b7321289fa7cbeccf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ricardo Sanz <me@ricardosa.nz>
Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2026 02:00:52 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 429/609] [climate][haier][template][core] Relocate
 CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE to general const file (#14503)

---
 esphome/components/climate/__init__.py               | 2 +-
 esphome/components/haier/climate.py                  | 8 ++------
 esphome/components/template/water_heater/__init__.py | 2 +-
 esphome/const.py                                     | 1 +
 4 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/climate/__init__.py b/esphome/components/climate/__init__.py
index 1f449ad2a4..f5b91c502c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/climate/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/climate/__init__.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_AWAY_COMMAND_TOPIC,
     CONF_AWAY_STATE_TOPIC,
     CONF_CURRENT_HUMIDITY_STATE_TOPIC,
+    CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE,
     CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE_STATE_TOPIC,
     CONF_CUSTOM_FAN_MODE,
     CONF_CUSTOM_PRESET,
@@ -112,7 +113,6 @@ CLIMATE_SWING_MODES = {
 
 validate_climate_swing_mode = cv.enum(CLIMATE_SWING_MODES, upper=True)
 
-CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE = "current_temperature"
 CONF_MIN_HUMIDITY = "min_humidity"
 CONF_MAX_HUMIDITY = "max_humidity"
 CONF_TARGET_HUMIDITY = "target_humidity"
diff --git a/esphome/components/haier/climate.py b/esphome/components/haier/climate.py
index 8c3649058f..6c208f6caa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/haier/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/haier/climate.py
@@ -3,15 +3,11 @@ import logging
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate, logger, uart
-from esphome.components.climate import (
-    CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE,
-    ClimateMode,
-    ClimatePreset,
-    ClimateSwingMode,
-)
+from esphome.components.climate import ClimateMode, ClimatePreset, ClimateSwingMode
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BEEPER,
+    CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE,
     CONF_DISPLAY,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_LEVEL,
diff --git a/esphome/components/template/water_heater/__init__.py b/esphome/components/template/water_heater/__init__.py
index 71f98c826a..cb5f2dbe56 100644
--- a/esphome/components/template/water_heater/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/template/water_heater/__init__.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from esphome.components import water_heater
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_AWAY,
+    CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_MODE,
     CONF_OPTIMISTIC,
@@ -18,7 +19,6 @@ from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .. import template_ns
 
-CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE = "current_temperature"
 CONF_IS_ON = "is_on"
 
 TemplateWaterHeater = template_ns.class_(
diff --git a/esphome/const.py b/esphome/const.py
index 060e962573..88e3c33fbc 100644
--- a/esphome/const.py
+++ b/esphome/const.py
@@ -274,6 +274,7 @@ CONF_CURRENT = "current"
 CONF_CURRENT_HUMIDITY_STATE_TOPIC = "current_humidity_state_topic"
 CONF_CURRENT_OPERATION = "current_operation"
 CONF_CURRENT_RESISTOR = "current_resistor"
+CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE = "current_temperature"
 CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE_STATE_TOPIC = "current_temperature_state_topic"
 CONF_CUSTOM = "custom"
 CONF_CUSTOM_FAN_MODE = "custom_fan_mode"

From 9b489c9eba639b8dea29dec7815c32c22cda28a1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2026 03:52:51 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 430/609] Bump aioesphomeapi from 44.2.0 to 44.3.1 (#14580)

Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 requirements.txt | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index f111e05a9d..8e875eba62 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ platformio==6.1.19
 esptool==5.2.0
 click==8.3.1
 esphome-dashboard==20260210.0
-aioesphomeapi==44.2.0
+aioesphomeapi==44.3.1
 zeroconf==0.148.0
 puremagic==1.30
 ruamel.yaml==0.19.1 # dashboard_import

From 05ae69b766e9745892e97c8ac40d7017d5fecb3b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 2026 19:00:37 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 431/609] [api] Sync api.proto from aioesphomeapi (#14579)

---
 esphome/components/api/api.proto           | 132 ++++++++++++++
 esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp         | 161 +++++++++++++++++
 esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h           | 200 ++++++++++++++++++++-
 esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp    | 117 ++++++++++++
 esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.cpp |  66 +++++++
 esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h   |  21 +++
 6 files changed, 696 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api.proto b/esphome/components/api/api.proto
index 802e3e3ae2..618fd1b83c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api.proto
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api.proto
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ service APIConnection {
   rpc subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free(SubscribeBluetoothConnectionsFreeRequest) returns (BluetoothConnectionsFreeResponse) {}
   rpc unsubscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements(UnsubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest) returns (void) {}
   rpc bluetooth_scanner_set_mode(BluetoothScannerSetModeRequest) returns (void) {}
+  rpc bluetooth_set_connection_params(BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest) returns (BluetoothSetConnectionParamsResponse) {}
 
   rpc subscribe_voice_assistant(SubscribeVoiceAssistantRequest) returns (void) {}
   rpc voice_assistant_get_configuration(VoiceAssistantConfigurationRequest) returns (VoiceAssistantConfigurationResponse) {}
@@ -69,6 +70,12 @@ service APIConnection {
   rpc zwave_proxy_request(ZWaveProxyRequest) returns (void) {}
 
   rpc infrared_rf_transmit_raw_timings(InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest) returns (void) {}
+
+  rpc serial_proxy_configure(SerialProxyConfigureRequest) returns (void) {}
+  rpc serial_proxy_write(SerialProxyWriteRequest) returns (void) {}
+  rpc serial_proxy_set_modem_pins(SerialProxySetModemPinsRequest) returns (void) {}
+  rpc serial_proxy_get_modem_pins(SerialProxyGetModemPinsRequest) returns (void) {}
+  rpc serial_proxy_request(SerialProxyRequest) returns (void) {}
 }
 
 
@@ -198,6 +205,17 @@ message DeviceInfo {
   uint32 area_id = 3;
 }
 
+enum SerialProxyPortType {
+  SERIAL_PROXY_PORT_TYPE_TTL = 0;
+  SERIAL_PROXY_PORT_TYPE_RS232 = 1;
+  SERIAL_PROXY_PORT_TYPE_RS485 = 2;
+}
+
+message SerialProxyInfo {
+  string name = 1;                    // Human-readable port name
+  SerialProxyPortType port_type = 2;  // Port type (RS232, RS485)
+}
+
 message DeviceInfoResponse {
   option (id) = 10;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
@@ -260,6 +278,9 @@ message DeviceInfoResponse {
   // Indicates if Z-Wave proxy support is available and features supported
   uint32 zwave_proxy_feature_flags = 23 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_ZWAVE_PROXY"];
   uint32 zwave_home_id = 24 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_ZWAVE_PROXY"];
+
+  // Serial proxy instance metadata
+  repeated SerialProxyInfo serial_proxies = 25 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_SERIAL_PROXY", (fixed_array_size_define) = "SERIAL_PROXY_COUNT"];
 }
 
 message ListEntitiesRequest {
@@ -2517,3 +2538,114 @@ message InfraredRFReceiveEvent {
   fixed32 key = 2;                                    // Key identifying the receiver instance
   repeated sint32 timings = 3 [packed = true, (container_pointer_no_template) = "std::vector<int32_t>"];  // Raw timings in microseconds (zigzag-encoded): alternating mark/space periods
 }
+
+// ==================== SERIAL PROXY ====================
+
+enum SerialProxyParity {
+  SERIAL_PROXY_PARITY_NONE = 0;
+  SERIAL_PROXY_PARITY_EVEN = 1;
+  SERIAL_PROXY_PARITY_ODD = 2;
+}
+
+// Configure UART parameters for a serial proxy instance
+message SerialProxyConfigureRequest {
+  option (id) = 138;
+  option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_SERIAL_PROXY";
+
+  uint32 instance = 1;          // Instance index (0-based)
+  uint32 baudrate = 2;          // Baud rate in bits per second
+  bool flow_control = 3;        // Enable hardware flow control
+  SerialProxyParity parity = 4; // Parity setting
+  uint32 stop_bits = 5;         // Number of stop bits (1 or 2)
+  uint32 data_size = 6;         // Number of data bits (5-8)
+}
+
+// Data received from a serial device, forwarded to clients
+message SerialProxyDataReceived {
+  option (id) = 139;
+  option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_SERIAL_PROXY";
+  option (no_delay) = true;
+
+  uint32 instance = 1;          // Instance index (0-based)
+  bytes data = 2;               // Raw data received from the serial device
+}
+
+// Write data to a serial device
+message SerialProxyWriteRequest {
+  option (id) = 140;
+  option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_SERIAL_PROXY";
+  option (no_delay) = true;
+
+  uint32 instance = 1;          // Instance index (0-based)
+  bytes data = 2;               // Raw data to write to the serial device
+}
+
+// Set modem control pin states (RTS and DTR)
+message SerialProxySetModemPinsRequest {
+  option (id) = 141;
+  option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_SERIAL_PROXY";
+
+  uint32 instance = 1;          // Instance index (0-based)
+  uint32 line_states = 2;       // Bitmask of SerialProxyLineStateFlags
+}
+
+// Request current modem control pin states
+message SerialProxyGetModemPinsRequest {
+  option (id) = 142;
+  option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_SERIAL_PROXY";
+
+  uint32 instance = 1;          // Instance index (0-based)
+}
+
+// Response with current modem control pin states
+message SerialProxyGetModemPinsResponse {
+  option (id) = 143;
+  option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_SERIAL_PROXY";
+
+  uint32 instance = 1;          // Instance index (0-based)
+  uint32 line_states = 2;       // Bitmask of SerialProxyLineStateFlags
+}
+
+enum SerialProxyRequestType {
+  SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SUBSCRIBE = 0;   // Subscribe to receive data from this serial proxy instance
+  SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE = 1; // Unsubscribe from this serial proxy instance
+  SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_FLUSH = 2;       // Flush the serial port (block until all TX data is sent)
+}
+
+// Generic request message for simple serial proxy operations
+message SerialProxyRequest {
+  option (id) = 144;
+  option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_SERIAL_PROXY";
+
+  uint32 instance = 1;                  // Instance index (0-based)
+  SerialProxyRequestType type = 2;      // Request type
+}
+
+// ==================== BLUETOOTH CONNECTION PARAMS ====================
+message BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest {
+  option (id) = 145;
+  option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+
+  uint64 address = 1;
+  uint32 min_interval = 2;  // units of 1.25ms
+  uint32 max_interval = 3;  // units of 1.25ms
+  uint32 latency = 4;
+  uint32 timeout = 5;       // units of 10ms
+}
+
+message BluetoothSetConnectionParamsResponse {
+  option (id) = 146;
+  option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY";
+
+  uint64 address = 1;
+  int32 error = 2;
+}
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp
index d8703aa416..b1176de539 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp
@@ -71,6 +71,18 @@ uint32_t DeviceInfo::calculate_size() const {
   return size;
 }
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+void SerialProxyInfo::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
+  buffer.encode_string(1, this->name);
+  buffer.encode_uint32(2, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->port_type));
+}
+uint32_t SerialProxyInfo::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->name.size());
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->port_type));
+  return size;
+}
+#endif
 void DeviceInfoResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(2, this->name);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->mac_address);
@@ -125,6 +137,11 @@ void DeviceInfoResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 #ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
   buffer.encode_uint32(24, this->zwave_home_id);
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+  for (const auto &it : this->serial_proxies) {
+    buffer.encode_message(25, it);
+  }
+#endif
 }
 uint32_t DeviceInfoResponse::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
@@ -180,6 +197,11 @@ uint32_t DeviceInfoResponse::calculate_size() const {
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
   size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(2, this->zwave_home_id);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+  for (const auto &it : this->serial_proxies) {
+    size += ProtoSize::calc_message_force(2, it.calculate_size());
+  }
 #endif
   return size;
 }
@@ -3714,5 +3736,144 @@ uint32_t InfraredRFReceiveEvent::calculate_size() const {
   return size;
 }
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+bool SerialProxyConfigureRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+  switch (field_id) {
+    case 1:
+      this->instance = value.as_uint32();
+      break;
+    case 2:
+      this->baudrate = value.as_uint32();
+      break;
+    case 3:
+      this->flow_control = value.as_bool();
+      break;
+    case 4:
+      this->parity = static_cast<enums::SerialProxyParity>(value.as_uint32());
+      break;
+    case 5:
+      this->stop_bits = value.as_uint32();
+      break;
+    case 6:
+      this->data_size = value.as_uint32();
+      break;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+void SerialProxyDataReceived::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
+  buffer.encode_uint32(1, this->instance);
+  buffer.encode_bytes(2, this->data_ptr_, this->data_len_);
+}
+uint32_t SerialProxyDataReceived::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->instance);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->data_len_);
+  return size;
+}
+bool SerialProxyWriteRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+  switch (field_id) {
+    case 1:
+      this->instance = value.as_uint32();
+      break;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+bool SerialProxyWriteRequest::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) {
+  switch (field_id) {
+    case 2: {
+      this->data = value.data();
+      this->data_len = value.size();
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+bool SerialProxySetModemPinsRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+  switch (field_id) {
+    case 1:
+      this->instance = value.as_uint32();
+      break;
+    case 2:
+      this->line_states = value.as_uint32();
+      break;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+bool SerialProxyGetModemPinsRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+  switch (field_id) {
+    case 1:
+      this->instance = value.as_uint32();
+      break;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+void SerialProxyGetModemPinsResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
+  buffer.encode_uint32(1, this->instance);
+  buffer.encode_uint32(2, this->line_states);
+}
+uint32_t SerialProxyGetModemPinsResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->instance);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->line_states);
+  return size;
+}
+bool SerialProxyRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+  switch (field_id) {
+    case 1:
+      this->instance = value.as_uint32();
+      break;
+    case 2:
+      this->type = static_cast<enums::SerialProxyRequestType>(value.as_uint32());
+      break;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+bool BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+  switch (field_id) {
+    case 1:
+      this->address = value.as_uint64();
+      break;
+    case 2:
+      this->min_interval = value.as_uint32();
+      break;
+    case 3:
+      this->max_interval = value.as_uint32();
+      break;
+    case 4:
+      this->latency = value.as_uint32();
+      break;
+    case 5:
+      this->timeout = value.as_uint32();
+      break;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+void BluetoothSetConnectionParamsResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
+  buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->address);
+  buffer.encode_int32(2, this->error);
+}
+uint32_t BluetoothSetConnectionParamsResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint64(1, this->address);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_int32(1, this->error);
+  return size;
+}
+#endif
 
 }  // namespace esphome::api
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h
index 89cb1158f3..a6167dc810 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h
@@ -11,6 +11,11 @@ namespace esphome::api {
 
 namespace enums {
 
+enum SerialProxyPortType : uint32_t {
+  SERIAL_PROXY_PORT_TYPE_TTL = 0,
+  SERIAL_PROXY_PORT_TYPE_RS232 = 1,
+  SERIAL_PROXY_PORT_TYPE_RS485 = 2,
+};
 enum EntityCategory : uint32_t {
   ENTITY_CATEGORY_NONE = 0,
   ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG = 1,
@@ -317,6 +322,18 @@ enum ZWaveProxyRequestType : uint32_t {
   ZWAVE_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_HOME_ID_CHANGE = 2,
 };
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+enum SerialProxyParity : uint32_t {
+  SERIAL_PROXY_PARITY_NONE = 0,
+  SERIAL_PROXY_PARITY_EVEN = 1,
+  SERIAL_PROXY_PARITY_ODD = 2,
+};
+enum SerialProxyRequestType : uint32_t {
+  SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SUBSCRIBE = 0,
+  SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE = 1,
+  SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_FLUSH = 2,
+};
+#endif
 
 }  // namespace enums
 
@@ -477,10 +494,24 @@ class DeviceInfo final : public ProtoMessage {
  protected:
 };
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+class SerialProxyInfo final : public ProtoMessage {
+ public:
+  StringRef name{};
+  enums::SerialProxyPortType port_type{};
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
+#endif
+
+ protected:
+};
+#endif
 class DeviceInfoResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
   static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 10;
-  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 255;
+  static constexpr uint16_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 309;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *message_name() const override { return "device_info_response"; }
 #endif
@@ -532,6 +563,9 @@ class DeviceInfoResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
   uint32_t zwave_home_id{0};
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+  std::array<SerialProxyInfo, SERIAL_PROXY_COUNT> serial_proxies{};
 #endif
   void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
   uint32_t calculate_size() const;
@@ -3061,5 +3095,169 @@ class InfraredRFReceiveEvent final : public ProtoMessage {
  protected:
 };
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+class SerialProxyConfigureRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
+ public:
+  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 138;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 20;
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const char *message_name() const override { return "serial_proxy_configure_request"; }
+#endif
+  uint32_t instance{0};
+  uint32_t baudrate{0};
+  bool flow_control{false};
+  enums::SerialProxyParity parity{};
+  uint32_t stop_bits{0};
+  uint32_t data_size{0};
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
+#endif
+
+ protected:
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+};
+class SerialProxyDataReceived final : public ProtoMessage {
+ public:
+  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 139;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 23;
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const char *message_name() const override { return "serial_proxy_data_received"; }
+#endif
+  uint32_t instance{0};
+  const uint8_t *data_ptr_{nullptr};
+  size_t data_len_{0};
+  void set_data(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+    this->data_ptr_ = data;
+    this->data_len_ = len;
+  }
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
+#endif
+
+ protected:
+};
+class SerialProxyWriteRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
+ public:
+  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 140;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 23;
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const char *message_name() const override { return "serial_proxy_write_request"; }
+#endif
+  uint32_t instance{0};
+  const uint8_t *data{nullptr};
+  uint16_t data_len{0};
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
+#endif
+
+ protected:
+  bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+};
+class SerialProxySetModemPinsRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
+ public:
+  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 141;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 8;
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const char *message_name() const override { return "serial_proxy_set_modem_pins_request"; }
+#endif
+  uint32_t instance{0};
+  uint32_t line_states{0};
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
+#endif
+
+ protected:
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+};
+class SerialProxyGetModemPinsRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
+ public:
+  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 142;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 4;
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const char *message_name() const override { return "serial_proxy_get_modem_pins_request"; }
+#endif
+  uint32_t instance{0};
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
+#endif
+
+ protected:
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+};
+class SerialProxyGetModemPinsResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
+ public:
+  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 143;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 8;
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const char *message_name() const override { return "serial_proxy_get_modem_pins_response"; }
+#endif
+  uint32_t instance{0};
+  uint32_t line_states{0};
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
+#endif
+
+ protected:
+};
+class SerialProxyRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
+ public:
+  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 144;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 6;
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const char *message_name() const override { return "serial_proxy_request"; }
+#endif
+  uint32_t instance{0};
+  enums::SerialProxyRequestType type{};
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
+#endif
+
+ protected:
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+};
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+class BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
+ public:
+  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 145;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 20;
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const char *message_name() const override { return "bluetooth_set_connection_params_request"; }
+#endif
+  uint64_t address{0};
+  uint32_t min_interval{0};
+  uint32_t max_interval{0};
+  uint32_t latency{0};
+  uint32_t timeout{0};
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
+#endif
+
+ protected:
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+};
+class BluetoothSetConnectionParamsResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
+ public:
+  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 146;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 8;
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const char *message_name() const override { return "bluetooth_set_connection_params_response"; }
+#endif
+  uint64_t address{0};
+  int32_t error{0};
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
+#endif
+
+ protected:
+};
+#endif
 
 }  // namespace esphome::api
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp
index 4eec42e936..086b1bdc2f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp
@@ -100,6 +100,18 @@ static void dump_bytes_field(DumpBuffer &out, const char *field_name, const uint
   out.append(hex_buf).append("\n");
 }
 
+template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::SerialProxyPortType>(enums::SerialProxyPortType value) {
+  switch (value) {
+    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_PORT_TYPE_TTL:
+      return "SERIAL_PROXY_PORT_TYPE_TTL";
+    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_PORT_TYPE_RS232:
+      return "SERIAL_PROXY_PORT_TYPE_RS232";
+    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_PORT_TYPE_RS485:
+      return "SERIAL_PROXY_PORT_TYPE_RS485";
+    default:
+      return "UNKNOWN";
+  }
+}
 template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::EntityCategory>(enums::EntityCategory value) {
   switch (value) {
     case enums::ENTITY_CATEGORY_NONE:
@@ -752,6 +764,32 @@ template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::ZWaveProxyRequestType>(enums:
   }
 }
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::SerialProxyParity>(enums::SerialProxyParity value) {
+  switch (value) {
+    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_PARITY_NONE:
+      return "SERIAL_PROXY_PARITY_NONE";
+    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_PARITY_EVEN:
+      return "SERIAL_PROXY_PARITY_EVEN";
+    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_PARITY_ODD:
+      return "SERIAL_PROXY_PARITY_ODD";
+    default:
+      return "UNKNOWN";
+  }
+}
+template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::SerialProxyRequestType>(enums::SerialProxyRequestType value) {
+  switch (value) {
+    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SUBSCRIBE:
+      return "SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SUBSCRIBE";
+    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE:
+      return "SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE";
+    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_FLUSH:
+      return "SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_FLUSH";
+    default:
+      return "UNKNOWN";
+  }
+}
+#endif
 
 const char *HelloRequest::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "HelloRequest");
@@ -801,6 +839,14 @@ const char *DeviceInfo::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   return out.c_str();
 }
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+const char *SerialProxyInfo::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
+  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "SerialProxyInfo");
+  dump_field(out, "name", this->name);
+  dump_field(out, "port_type", static_cast<enums::SerialProxyPortType>(this->port_type));
+  return out.c_str();
+}
+#endif
 const char *DeviceInfoResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "DeviceInfoResponse");
   dump_field(out, "name", this->name);
@@ -861,6 +907,13 @@ const char *DeviceInfoResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
   dump_field(out, "zwave_home_id", this->zwave_home_id);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+  for (const auto &it : this->serial_proxies) {
+    out.append("  serial_proxies: ");
+    it.dump_to(out);
+    out.append("\n");
+  }
 #endif
   return out.c_str();
 }
@@ -2510,6 +2563,70 @@ const char *InfraredRFReceiveEvent::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   return out.c_str();
 }
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+const char *SerialProxyConfigureRequest::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
+  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "SerialProxyConfigureRequest");
+  dump_field(out, "instance", this->instance);
+  dump_field(out, "baudrate", this->baudrate);
+  dump_field(out, "flow_control", this->flow_control);
+  dump_field(out, "parity", static_cast<enums::SerialProxyParity>(this->parity));
+  dump_field(out, "stop_bits", this->stop_bits);
+  dump_field(out, "data_size", this->data_size);
+  return out.c_str();
+}
+const char *SerialProxyDataReceived::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
+  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "SerialProxyDataReceived");
+  dump_field(out, "instance", this->instance);
+  dump_bytes_field(out, "data", this->data_ptr_, this->data_len_);
+  return out.c_str();
+}
+const char *SerialProxyWriteRequest::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
+  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "SerialProxyWriteRequest");
+  dump_field(out, "instance", this->instance);
+  dump_bytes_field(out, "data", this->data, this->data_len);
+  return out.c_str();
+}
+const char *SerialProxySetModemPinsRequest::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
+  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "SerialProxySetModemPinsRequest");
+  dump_field(out, "instance", this->instance);
+  dump_field(out, "line_states", this->line_states);
+  return out.c_str();
+}
+const char *SerialProxyGetModemPinsRequest::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
+  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "SerialProxyGetModemPinsRequest");
+  dump_field(out, "instance", this->instance);
+  return out.c_str();
+}
+const char *SerialProxyGetModemPinsResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
+  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "SerialProxyGetModemPinsResponse");
+  dump_field(out, "instance", this->instance);
+  dump_field(out, "line_states", this->line_states);
+  return out.c_str();
+}
+const char *SerialProxyRequest::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
+  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "SerialProxyRequest");
+  dump_field(out, "instance", this->instance);
+  dump_field(out, "type", static_cast<enums::SerialProxyRequestType>(this->type));
+  return out.c_str();
+}
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+const char *BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
+  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest");
+  dump_field(out, "address", this->address);
+  dump_field(out, "min_interval", this->min_interval);
+  dump_field(out, "max_interval", this->max_interval);
+  dump_field(out, "latency", this->latency);
+  dump_field(out, "timeout", this->timeout);
+  return out.c_str();
+}
+const char *BluetoothSetConnectionParamsResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
+  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "BluetoothSetConnectionParamsResponse");
+  dump_field(out, "address", this->address);
+  dump_field(out, "error", this->error);
+  return out.c_str();
+}
+#endif
 
 }  // namespace esphome::api
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.cpp
index f9151ae3b4..f2f7fa5238 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.cpp
@@ -634,6 +634,72 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       this->on_infrared_rf_transmit_raw_timings_request(msg);
       break;
     }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+    case SerialProxyConfigureRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
+      SerialProxyConfigureRequest msg;
+      msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_serial_proxy_configure_request"), msg);
+#endif
+      this->on_serial_proxy_configure_request(msg);
+      break;
+    }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+    case SerialProxyWriteRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
+      SerialProxyWriteRequest msg;
+      msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_serial_proxy_write_request"), msg);
+#endif
+      this->on_serial_proxy_write_request(msg);
+      break;
+    }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+    case SerialProxySetModemPinsRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
+      SerialProxySetModemPinsRequest msg;
+      msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_serial_proxy_set_modem_pins_request"), msg);
+#endif
+      this->on_serial_proxy_set_modem_pins_request(msg);
+      break;
+    }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+    case SerialProxyGetModemPinsRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
+      SerialProxyGetModemPinsRequest msg;
+      msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_serial_proxy_get_modem_pins_request"), msg);
+#endif
+      this->on_serial_proxy_get_modem_pins_request(msg);
+      break;
+    }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+    case SerialProxyRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
+      SerialProxyRequest msg;
+      msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_serial_proxy_request"), msg);
+#endif
+      this->on_serial_proxy_request(msg);
+      break;
+    }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+    case BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
+      BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest msg;
+      msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_bluetooth_set_connection_params_request"), msg);
+#endif
+      this->on_bluetooth_set_connection_params_request(msg);
+      break;
+    }
 #endif
     default:
       break;
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h
index e70b97196b..a031d2d969 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h
@@ -216,6 +216,27 @@ class APIServerConnectionBase : public ProtoService {
   virtual void on_infrared_rf_transmit_raw_timings_request(const InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+  virtual void on_serial_proxy_configure_request(const SerialProxyConfigureRequest &value){};
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+  virtual void on_serial_proxy_write_request(const SerialProxyWriteRequest &value){};
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+  virtual void on_serial_proxy_set_modem_pins_request(const SerialProxySetModemPinsRequest &value){};
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+  virtual void on_serial_proxy_get_modem_pins_request(const SerialProxyGetModemPinsRequest &value){};
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+  virtual void on_serial_proxy_request(const SerialProxyRequest &value){};
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
+  virtual void on_bluetooth_set_connection_params_request(const BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest &value){};
+#endif
+
  protected:
   void read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const uint8_t *msg_data) override;
 };

From cbebb811965d63f115ea4fba5c8fd7f6da393b29 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: rwrozelle <rwrozelle@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2026 08:12:27 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 432/609] [openthread] move esp functions into correct file
 (#14588)

---
 esphome/components/openthread/openthread.cpp     | 9 ++-------
 esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h       | 2 ++
 esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp | 5 +++++
 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.cpp b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.cpp
index fb81481299..1596b6e990 100644
--- a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #ifdef USE_OPENTHREAD
 #include "openthread.h"
-#include "esp_openthread.h"
 
 #include <freertos/portmacro.h>
 
@@ -51,7 +50,7 @@ void OpenThreadComponent::on_state_changed_(otChangedFlags flags, void *context)
     auto *self = static_cast<OpenThreadComponent *>(context);
     // This runs on the OpenThread task thread with the OT lock held,
     // so we can safely call otThreadGetDeviceRole directly.
-    otInstance *instance = esp_openthread_get_instance();
+    otInstance *instance = self->get_openthread_instance_();
     otDeviceRole role = otThreadGetDeviceRole(instance);
     self->connected_ = role >= OT_DEVICE_ROLE_CHILD;
   }
@@ -233,16 +232,12 @@ bool OpenThreadComponent::teardown() {
     otSrpClientClearHostAndServices(instance);
     otSrpClientBuffersFreeAllServices(instance);
     global_openthread_component = nullptr;
-#if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 5, 0)
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Exit main loop ");
-    int error = esp_openthread_mainloop_exit();
+    int error = this->openthread_stop_();
     if (error != ESP_OK) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed attempt to stop main loop %d", error);
       this->teardown_complete_ = true;
     }
-#else
-    this->teardown_complete_ = true;
-#endif
   }
   return this->teardown_complete_;
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h
index c87f4fa7c1..75d8fe11fd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h
@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@ class OpenThreadComponent : public Component {
  protected:
   std::optional<otIp6Address> get_omr_address_(InstanceLock &lock);
   static void on_state_changed_(otChangedFlags flags, void *context);
+  otInstance *get_openthread_instance_();
+  int openthread_stop_();
   std::function<void()> factory_reset_external_callback_;
 #if CONFIG_OPENTHREAD_MTD
   uint32_t poll_period_{0};
diff --git a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp
index cdc7a404b2..9cc9223b52 100644
--- a/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/openthread/openthread_esp.cpp
@@ -190,6 +190,8 @@ void OpenThreadComponent::ot_main() {
   vTaskDelete(NULL);
 }
 
+int OpenThreadComponent::openthread_stop_() { return esp_openthread_mainloop_exit(); }
+
 network::IPAddresses OpenThreadComponent::get_ip_addresses() {
   network::IPAddresses addresses;
   struct esp_ip6_addr if_ip6s[CONFIG_LWIP_IPV6_NUM_ADDRESSES];
@@ -204,6 +206,9 @@ network::IPAddresses OpenThreadComponent::get_ip_addresses() {
   return addresses;
 }
 
+// not thread safe, only use in read-only use cases
+otInstance *OpenThreadComponent::get_openthread_instance_() { return esp_openthread_get_instance(); }
+
 std::optional<InstanceLock> InstanceLock::try_acquire(int delay) {
   if (esp_openthread_lock_acquire(delay)) {
     return InstanceLock();

From 0e106d843c730eb15e083ebd0147124dadc99a5a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: tomaszduda23 <tomaszduda23@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2026 17:18:21 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 433/609] [nrf52][zephyr] support for multi on rate callbacks
 (#14557)

---
 esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py  |  3 +++
 esphome/components/nrf52/dfu.cpp      | 35 ++++++++-------------------
 esphome/components/nrf52/dfu.h        |  1 -
 esphome/components/zephyr/__init__.py | 20 +++++++++++----
 esphome/components/zephyr/cdc_acm.cpp | 30 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 esphome/components/zephyr/cdc_acm.h   | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++
 esphome/components/zephyr/const.py    |  2 ++
 7 files changed, 87 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/zephyr/cdc_acm.cpp
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/zephyr/cdc_acm.h

diff --git a/esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py b/esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py
index a12d1db1ab..0a9fb5939a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py
@@ -20,8 +20,10 @@ from esphome.components.zephyr import (
 )
 from esphome.components.zephyr.const import (
     BOOTLOADER_MCUBOOT,
+    CONF_CDC_ACM,
     KEY_BOOTLOADER,
     KEY_ZEPHYR,
+    CdcAcm,
 )
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
@@ -159,6 +161,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                     cv.Required(CONF_VERSION): cv.string_strict,
                 }
             ),
+            cv.GenerateID(CONF_CDC_ACM): cv.declare_id(CdcAcm),
         }
     ),
     set_framework,
diff --git a/esphome/components/nrf52/dfu.cpp b/esphome/components/nrf52/dfu.cpp
index 9e49373467..c2017248d2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nrf52/dfu.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/nrf52/dfu.cpp
@@ -2,42 +2,27 @@
 
 #ifdef USE_NRF52_DFU
 
-#include <zephyr/device.h>
-#include <zephyr/drivers/uart.h>
-#include <zephyr/drivers/uart/cdc_acm.h>
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/components/zephyr/cdc_acm.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace nrf52 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "dfu";
 
-volatile bool goto_dfu = false;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
-
 static const uint32_t DFU_DBL_RESET_MAGIC = 0x5A1AD5;  // SALADS
 
-#define DEVICE_AND_COMMA(node_id) DEVICE_DT_GET(node_id),
-
-static void cdc_dte_rate_callback(const struct device * /*unused*/, uint32_t rate) {
-  if (rate == 1200) {
-    goto_dfu = true;
-  }
-}
 void DeviceFirmwareUpdate::setup() {
   this->reset_pin_->setup();
-  const struct device *cdc_dev[] = {DT_FOREACH_STATUS_OKAY(zephyr_cdc_acm_uart, DEVICE_AND_COMMA)};
-  for (auto &idx : cdc_dev) {
-    cdc_acm_dte_rate_callback_set(idx, cdc_dte_rate_callback);
-  }
-}
-
-void DeviceFirmwareUpdate::loop() {
-  if (goto_dfu) {
-    goto_dfu = false;
-    volatile uint32_t *dbl_reset_mem = (volatile uint32_t *) 0x20007F7C;
-    (*dbl_reset_mem) = DFU_DBL_RESET_MAGIC;
-    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(true);
-  }
+#if defined(CONFIG_CDC_ACM_DTE_RATE_CALLBACK_SUPPORT)
+  zephyr::global_cdc_acm->add_on_rate_callback([this](const device *, uint32_t rate) {
+    if (rate == 1200) {
+      volatile uint32_t *dbl_reset_mem = (volatile uint32_t *) 0x20007F7C;
+      (*dbl_reset_mem) = DFU_DBL_RESET_MAGIC;
+      this->reset_pin_->digital_write(true);
+    }
+  });
+#endif
 }
 
 void DeviceFirmwareUpdate::dump_config() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/nrf52/dfu.h b/esphome/components/nrf52/dfu.h
index 979a4567cf..71060e43c1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nrf52/dfu.h
+++ b/esphome/components/nrf52/dfu.h
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ namespace nrf52 {
 class DeviceFirmwareUpdate : public Component {
  public:
   void setup() override;
-  void loop() override;
   void set_reset_pin(GPIOPin *reset) { this->reset_pin_ = reset; }
   void dump_config() override;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr/__init__.py b/esphome/components/zephyr/__init__.py
index 4cc71bddca..b8a091feb9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zephyr/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr/__init__.py
@@ -5,11 +5,13 @@ from typing import TypedDict
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_BOARD, KEY_CORE, KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION
-from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.helpers import copy_file_if_changed, write_file_if_changed
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .const import (
     BOOTLOADER_MCUBOOT,
+    CONF_CDC_ACM,
     KEY_BOARD,
     KEY_BOOTLOADER,
     KEY_EXTRA_BUILD_FILES,
@@ -54,7 +56,7 @@ class ZephyrData(TypedDict):
     user: dict[str, list[str]]
 
 
-def zephyr_set_core_data(config):
+def zephyr_set_core_data(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     CORE.data[KEY_ZEPHYR] = ZephyrData(
         board=config[CONF_BOARD],
         bootloader=config[KEY_BOOTLOADER],
@@ -64,7 +66,6 @@ def zephyr_set_core_data(config):
         pm_static=[],
         user={},
     )
-    return config
 
 
 def zephyr_data() -> ZephyrData:
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ def add_extra_script(stage: str, filename: str, path: Path) -> None:
         cg.add_platformio_option("extra_scripts", [key])
 
 
-def zephyr_to_code(config):
+def zephyr_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add_build_flag("-DUSE_ZEPHYR")
     cg.add_define("USE_NATIVE_64BIT_TIME")
     cg.set_cpp_standard("gnu++20")
@@ -132,6 +133,15 @@ def zephyr_to_code(config):
         Path(__file__).parent / "pre_build.py.script",
     )
 
+    CORE.add_job(_cdc_acm_to_code, config)
+
+
+@coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
+async def _cdc_acm_to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    if "CONFIG_CDC_ACM_DTE_RATE_CALLBACK_SUPPORT" in zephyr_data()[KEY_PRJ_CONF]:
+        var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_CDC_ACM])
+        await cg.register_component(var, {})
+
 
 def zephyr_setup_preferences():
     cg.add(zephyr_ns.setup_preferences())
@@ -151,7 +161,7 @@ def _format_prj_conf_val(value: PrjConfValueType) -> str:
     raise ValueError
 
 
-def zephyr_add_cdc_acm(config, id):
+def zephyr_add_cdc_acm(config: ConfigType, id: int) -> None:
     framework_ver: cv.Version = CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION]
     if CORE.is_nrf52 and framework_ver >= cv.Version(3, 2, 0):
         zephyr_add_prj_conf("CONFIG_USB_DEVICE_STACK_NEXT", False)
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr/cdc_acm.cpp b/esphome/components/zephyr/cdc_acm.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..04ee9a0bef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr/cdc_acm.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#if defined(CONFIG_CDC_ACM_DTE_RATE_CALLBACK_SUPPORT)
+#include "cdc_acm.h"
+#include <zephyr/drivers/uart.h>
+#include <zephyr/drivers/uart/cdc_acm.h>
+
+#define DEVICE_AND_COMMA(node_id) DEVICE_DT_GET(node_id),
+
+namespace esphome::zephyr {
+
+CdcAcm::CdcAcm() { global_cdc_acm = this; }
+
+void CdcAcm::setup() {
+#if DT_HAS_COMPAT_STATUS_OKAY(zephyr_cdc_acm_uart)
+  const struct device *cdc_dev[] = {DT_FOREACH_STATUS_OKAY(zephyr_cdc_acm_uart, DEVICE_AND_COMMA)};
+  for (auto &idx : cdc_dev) {
+    // only one global callback can be registered
+    cdc_acm_dte_rate_callback_set(idx, CdcAcm::cdc_dte_rate_callback_);
+  }
+#endif  // DT_HAS_COMPAT_STATUS_OKAY(zephyr_cdc_acm_uart)
+}
+
+void CdcAcm::cdc_dte_rate_callback_(const struct device *device, uint32_t rate) {
+  global_cdc_acm->defer([device, rate]() { global_cdc_acm->rate_callbacks_.call(device, rate); });
+}
+
+CdcAcm *global_cdc_acm;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+
+}  // namespace esphome::zephyr
+
+#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr/cdc_acm.h b/esphome/components/zephyr/cdc_acm.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2e9da85a11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr/cdc_acm.h
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#pragma once
+#if defined(CONFIG_CDC_ACM_DTE_RATE_CALLBACK_SUPPORT)
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include <zephyr/device.h>
+
+namespace esphome::zephyr {
+
+class CdcAcm : public Component {
+ public:
+  CdcAcm();
+  void setup() override;
+  void add_on_rate_callback(std::function<void(const device *, uint32_t)> &&callback) {
+    this->rate_callbacks_.add(std::move(callback));
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  static void cdc_dte_rate_callback_(const device *device, uint32_t rate);
+  CallbackManager<void(const device *, uint32_t)> rate_callbacks_;
+};
+
+extern CdcAcm *global_cdc_acm;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+
+}  // namespace esphome::zephyr
+
+#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr/const.py b/esphome/components/zephyr/const.py
index 06a4fc42bc..f67b058ed7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zephyr/const.py
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr/const.py
@@ -14,3 +14,5 @@ KEY_BOARD: Final = "board"
 KEY_USER: Final = "user"
 
 zephyr_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("zephyr")
+CdcAcm = zephyr_ns.class_("CdcAcm", cg.Component)
+CONF_CDC_ACM = "cdc_acm"

From 8b62c35ea7831d2c0e24f836e096b7b4c1cb1ca0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Simon Redman <simon@ergotech.com>
Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2026 11:41:37 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 434/609] [uart] Add error message when initializing UART with
 unsupported configuration (#13229)

---
 esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.cpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.cpp
index cb4465068d..83d2acb332 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.cpp
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ void LibreTinyUARTComponent::setup() {
 #if LT_HW_UART2
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "    TX=%u, RX=%u", PIN_SERIAL2_TX, PIN_SERIAL2_RX);
 #endif
-    this->mark_failed();
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR("SoftwareSerial is not implemented for this chip."));
     return;
 #endif
   }

From 15ffbb0b05da71f6ef008c0a38ffd185d0490edc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: puddly <32534428+puddly@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2026 11:51:02 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 435/609] [uart] Fully enable raw mode with host serial
 (#14573)

---
 esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.cpp | 11 ++---------
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.cpp
index 0e5ef3c6bd..9dce25c500 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.cpp
@@ -124,17 +124,10 @@ void HostUartComponent::setup() {
   fcntl(this->file_descriptor_, F_SETFL, 0);
   struct termios options;
   tcgetattr(this->file_descriptor_, &options);
+  cfmakeraw(&options);
   options.c_cflag &= ~CRTSCTS;
   options.c_cflag |= CREAD | CLOCAL;
-  options.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
-  options.c_lflag &= ~ECHO;
-  options.c_lflag &= ~ECHOE;
-  options.c_lflag &= ~ECHONL;
-  options.c_lflag &= ~ISIG;
-  options.c_iflag &= ~(IXON | IXOFF | IXANY);
-  options.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | PARMRK | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | ICRNL);
-  options.c_oflag &= ~OPOST;
-  options.c_oflag &= ~ONLCR;
+  options.c_iflag &= ~(IXOFF | IXANY);
   // Set data bits
   options.c_cflag &= ~CSIZE;  // Mask the character size bits
   switch (this->data_bits_) {

From abc870006cce42296a2f581478f79fbe69df2391 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2026 07:25:13 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 436/609] [captive_portal] Enable support for RP2040 (#14505)

---
 esphome/components/captive_portal/__init__.py        | 9 ++++-----
 tests/components/captive_portal/test.rp2040-ard.yaml | 1 +
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/components/captive_portal/test.rp2040-ard.yaml

diff --git a/esphome/components/captive_portal/__init__.py b/esphome/components/captive_portal/__init__.py
index 6c190814c0..cd877fc879 100644
--- a/esphome/components/captive_portal/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/captive_portal/__init__.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PLATFORM_ESP32,
     PLATFORM_ESP8266,
     PLATFORM_LN882X,
+    PLATFORM_RP2040,
     PLATFORM_RTL87XX,
     PlatformFramework,
 )
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             PLATFORM_ESP8266,
             PLATFORM_BK72XX,
             PLATFORM_LN882X,
+            PLATFORM_RP2040,
             PLATFORM_RTL87XX,
         ]
     ),
@@ -103,11 +105,8 @@ async def to_code(config):
     if config[CONF_COMPRESSION] == "gzip":
         cg.add_define("USE_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_GZIP")
 
-    if CORE.using_arduino:
-        if CORE.is_esp8266:
-            cg.add_library("DNSServer", None)
-        if CORE.is_libretiny:
-            cg.add_library("DNSServer", None)
+    if CORE.using_arduino and (CORE.is_esp8266 or CORE.is_libretiny or CORE.is_rp2040):
+        cg.add_library("DNSServer", None)
 
 
 # Only compile the ESP-IDF DNS server when using ESP-IDF framework
diff --git a/tests/components/captive_portal/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/captive_portal/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dade44d145
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/captive_portal/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<<: !include common.yaml

From f57fa4cc8d66a99f1e6bef885e2f0c8f96280c04 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2026 07:25:33 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 437/609] [bluetooth_proxy] Add BLE connection parameters API
 (#14577)

---
 esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp     |  3 ++
 esphome/components/api/api_connection.h       |  1 +
 .../bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_connection.h    |  4 +++
 .../bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.cpp       | 29 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h         |  3 ++
 .../esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp      |  5 ++--
 .../esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h        |  4 +--
 7 files changed, 45 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
index 8721072e49..bd3de02895 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
@@ -1188,6 +1188,9 @@ void APIConnection::on_bluetooth_scanner_set_mode_request(const BluetoothScanner
   bluetooth_proxy::global_bluetooth_proxy->bluetooth_scanner_set_mode(
       msg.mode == enums::BluetoothScannerMode::BLUETOOTH_SCANNER_MODE_ACTIVE);
 }
+void APIConnection::on_bluetooth_set_connection_params_request(const BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest &msg) {
+  bluetooth_proxy::global_bluetooth_proxy->bluetooth_set_connection_params(msg);
+}
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
index 54b6db6800..b075bc83ab 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
@@ -148,6 +148,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
   void on_bluetooth_gatt_notify_request(const BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest &msg) override;
   void on_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_request() override;
   void on_bluetooth_scanner_set_mode_request(const BluetoothScannerSetModeRequest &msg) override;
+  void on_bluetooth_set_connection_params_request(const BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest &msg) override;
 
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_HOMEASSISTANT_TIME
diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_connection.h b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_connection.h
index 60bbc93e8b..b50ea2d6a2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_connection.h
+++ b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_connection.h
@@ -24,6 +24,10 @@ class BluetoothConnection final : public esp32_ble_client::BLEClientBase {
 
   esp_err_t notify_characteristic(uint16_t handle, bool enable);
 
+  esp_err_t update_connection_params(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency, uint16_t timeout) {
+    return this->update_conn_params_(min_interval, max_interval, latency, timeout, "custom");
+  }
+
   void set_address(uint64_t address) override;
 
  protected:
diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.cpp b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.cpp
index 21da4ead14..87206996b2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.cpp
@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/macros.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <cstring>
+#include <limits>
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 
@@ -361,6 +363,33 @@ void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_gatt_notify(const api::BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest
   }
 }
 
+void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_set_connection_params(const api::BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest &msg) {
+  if (this->api_connection_ == nullptr)
+    return;
+
+  auto *connection = this->get_connection_(msg.address, false);
+  api::BluetoothSetConnectionParamsResponse resp;
+  resp.address = msg.address;
+
+  if (connection == nullptr || !connection->connected()) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Cannot set connection params, not connected",
+             connection ? static_cast<int>(connection->connection_index_) : -1,
+             connection ? connection->address_str() : "unknown");
+    resp.error = ESP_GATT_NOT_CONNECTED;
+    this->api_connection_->send_message(resp);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Protobuf fields are uint32_t to future-proof the API if BLE ever supports wider values;
+  // clamp to uint16_t since the current BLE spec defines these as 16-bit.
+  constexpr uint32_t max_val = std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max();
+  resp.error = connection->update_connection_params(static_cast<uint16_t>(std::min(msg.min_interval, max_val)),
+                                                    static_cast<uint16_t>(std::min(msg.max_interval, max_val)),
+                                                    static_cast<uint16_t>(std::min(msg.latency, max_val)),
+                                                    static_cast<uint16_t>(std::min(msg.timeout, max_val)));
+  this->api_connection_->send_message(resp);
+}
+
 void BluetoothProxy::subscribe_api_connection(api::APIConnection *api_connection, uint32_t flags) {
   if (this->api_connection_ != nullptr) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Only one API subscription is allowed at a time");
diff --git a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h
index 85461755aa..f1b723e719 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h
+++ b/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ enum BluetoothProxyFeature : uint32_t {
   FEATURE_CACHE_CLEARING = 1 << 4,
   FEATURE_RAW_ADVERTISEMENTS = 1 << 5,
   FEATURE_STATE_AND_MODE = 1 << 6,
+  FEATURE_CONNECTION_PARAMS_SETTING = 1 << 7,
 };
 
 enum BluetoothProxySubscriptionFlag : uint32_t {
@@ -82,6 +83,7 @@ class BluetoothProxy final : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener,
   void bluetooth_gatt_write_descriptor(const api::BluetoothGATTWriteDescriptorRequest &msg);
   void bluetooth_gatt_send_services(const api::BluetoothGATTGetServicesRequest &msg);
   void bluetooth_gatt_notify(const api::BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest &msg);
+  void bluetooth_set_connection_params(const api::BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest &msg);
 
   void subscribe_api_connection(api::APIConnection *api_connection, uint32_t flags);
   void unsubscribe_api_connection(api::APIConnection *api_connection);
@@ -130,6 +132,7 @@ class BluetoothProxy final : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener,
       flags |= BluetoothProxyFeature::FEATURE_REMOTE_CACHING;
       flags |= BluetoothProxyFeature::FEATURE_PAIRING;
       flags |= BluetoothProxyFeature::FEATURE_CACHE_CLEARING;
+      flags |= BluetoothProxyFeature::FEATURE_CONNECTION_PARAMS_SETTING;
     }
 
     return flags;
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp
index e6a85c784a..2f17334c77 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp
@@ -236,8 +236,8 @@ void BLEClientBase::log_warning_(const char *message) {
   ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, message);
 }
 
-void BLEClientBase::update_conn_params_(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency,
-                                        uint16_t timeout, const char *param_type) {
+esp_err_t BLEClientBase::update_conn_params_(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency,
+                                             uint16_t timeout, const char *param_type) {
   esp_ble_conn_update_params_t conn_params = {{0}};
   memcpy(conn_params.bda, this->remote_bda_, sizeof(esp_bd_addr_t));
   conn_params.min_int = min_interval;
@@ -249,6 +249,7 @@ void BLEClientBase::update_conn_params_(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_inte
   if (err != ESP_OK) {
     this->log_gattc_warning_("esp_ble_gap_update_conn_params", err);
   }
+  return err;
 }
 
 void BLEClientBase::set_conn_params_(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency, uint16_t timeout,
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h
index c2336b2349..af4f1b3029 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h
@@ -129,8 +129,8 @@ class BLEClientBase : public espbt::ESPBTClient, public Component {
   void log_event_(const char *name);
   void log_gattc_lifecycle_event_(const char *name);
   void log_gattc_data_event_(const char *name);
-  void update_conn_params_(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency, uint16_t timeout,
-                           const char *param_type);
+  esp_err_t update_conn_params_(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency, uint16_t timeout,
+                                const char *param_type);
   void set_conn_params_(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency, uint16_t timeout,
                         const char *param_type);
   void log_gattc_warning_(const char *operation, esp_gatt_status_t status);

From 45f20d9c06119e3c02aa8e8be131297c032da4e1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2026 07:26:01 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 438/609] [core] Merge set_name + set_entity_strings into
 configure_entity_ (#14444)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/core/entity_base.cpp                  |  15 ++-
 esphome/core/entity_base.h                    |  30 ++---
 esphome/core/entity_helpers.py                |  17 ++-
 .../binary_sensor/test_binary_sensor.py       |   2 +-
 tests/component_tests/button/test_button.py   |   2 +-
 tests/component_tests/sensor/test_sensor.py   |  15 ++-
 tests/component_tests/text/test_text.py       |   2 +-
 .../text_sensor/test_text_sensor.py           |  25 ++++-
 tests/unit_tests/core/test_entity_helpers.py  | 103 +++++++-----------
 9 files changed, 112 insertions(+), 99 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/entity_base.cpp b/esphome/core/entity_base.cpp
index 5c4e1c4445..3274640eb3 100644
--- a/esphome/core/entity_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/entity_base.cpp
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ static const char *const TAG = "entity_base";
 
 // Entity Name
 const StringRef &EntityBase::get_name() const { return this->name_; }
-void EntityBase::set_name(const char *name) { this->set_name(name, 0); }
-void EntityBase::set_name(const char *name, uint32_t object_id_hash) {
+
+void EntityBase::configure_entity_(const char *name, uint32_t object_id_hash, uint32_t entity_strings_packed) {
   this->name_ = StringRef(name);
   if (this->name_.empty()) {
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
@@ -44,6 +44,17 @@ void EntityBase::set_name(const char *name, uint32_t object_id_hash) {
       this->calc_object_id_();
     }
   }
+  // Unpack entity string table indices.
+  // Packed: [23..16] icon | [15..8] UoM | [7..0] device_class (each 8 bits)
+#ifdef USE_ENTITY_DEVICE_CLASS
+  this->device_class_idx_ = entity_strings_packed & 0xFF;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ENTITY_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT
+  this->uom_idx_ = (entity_strings_packed >> 8) & 0xFF;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
+  this->icon_idx_ = (entity_strings_packed >> 16) & 0xFF;
+#endif
 }
 
 // Weak default lookup functions — overridden by generated code in main.cpp
diff --git a/esphome/core/entity_base.h b/esphome/core/entity_base.h
index 20eb68b67a..accd532b0d 100644
--- a/esphome/core/entity_base.h
+++ b/esphome/core/entity_base.h
@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@
 #include "device.h"
 #endif
 
+// Forward declarations for friend access from codegen-generated setup()
+void setup();           // NOLINT(readability-redundant-declaration) - may be declared in Arduino.h
+void original_setup();  // NOLINT(readability-redundant-declaration) - used by cpp unit tests
+
 namespace esphome {
 
 // Extern lookup functions for entity string tables.
@@ -54,12 +58,8 @@ enum EntityCategory : uint8_t {
 // The generic Entity base class that provides an interface common to all Entities.
 class EntityBase {
  public:
-  // Get/set the name of this Entity
+  // Get the name of this Entity
   const StringRef &get_name() const;
-  void set_name(const char *name);
-  /// Set name with pre-computed object_id hash (avoids runtime hash calculation)
-  /// Use hash=0 for dynamic names that need runtime calculation
-  void set_name(const char *name, uint32_t object_id_hash);
 
   // Get whether this Entity has its own name or it should use the device friendly_name.
   bool has_own_name() const { return this->flags_.has_own_name; }
@@ -104,20 +104,6 @@ class EntityBase {
     this->flags_.entity_category = static_cast<uint8_t>(entity_category);
   }
 
-  // Set entity string table indices — one call per entity from codegen.
-  // Packed: [23..16] icon | [15..8] UoM | [7..0] device_class (each 8 bits)
-  void set_entity_strings([[maybe_unused]] uint32_t packed) {
-#ifdef USE_ENTITY_DEVICE_CLASS
-    this->device_class_idx_ = packed & 0xFF;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_ENTITY_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT
-    this->uom_idx_ = (packed >> 8) & 0xFF;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-    this->icon_idx_ = (packed >> 16) & 0xFF;
-#endif
-  }
-
   // Get this entity's device class into a stack buffer.
   // On non-ESP8266: returns pointer to PROGMEM string directly (buffer unused).
   // On ESP8266: copies from PROGMEM to buffer, returns buffer pointer.
@@ -239,6 +225,12 @@ class EntityBase {
   }
 
  protected:
+  friend void ::setup();
+  friend void ::original_setup();
+
+  /// Combined entity setup from codegen: set name, object_id hash, and entity string indices.
+  void configure_entity_(const char *name, uint32_t object_id_hash, uint32_t entity_strings_packed);
+
   /// Non-template helper for make_entity_preference() to avoid code bloat.
   /// When preference hash algorithm changes, migration logic goes here.
   ESPPreferenceObject make_entity_preference_(size_t size, uint32_t version);
diff --git a/esphome/core/entity_helpers.py b/esphome/core/entity_helpers.py
index a46d2466fd..4fa109fb0e 100644
--- a/esphome/core/entity_helpers.py
+++ b/esphome/core/entity_helpers.py
@@ -31,8 +31,10 @@ DOMAIN = "entity_string_pool"
 _KEY_DC_IDX = "_entity_dc_idx"
 _KEY_UOM_IDX = "_entity_uom_idx"
 _KEY_ICON_IDX = "_entity_icon_idx"
+_KEY_ENTITY_NAME = "_entity_name"
+_KEY_OBJECT_ID_HASH = "_entity_object_id_hash"
 
-# Bit layout for set_entity_strings(packed) — must match C++ setter in entity_base.h:
+# Bit layout for entity_strings_packed in configure_entity_() — must match C++ in entity_base.h:
 #   [23..16] icon (8 bits) | [15..8] UoM (8 bits) | [7..0] device_class (8 bits)
 _DC_SHIFT = 0
 _UOM_SHIFT = 8
@@ -219,17 +221,18 @@ def setup_unit_of_measurement(config: ConfigType) -> None:
 
 
 def finalize_entity_strings(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
-    """Emit a single set_entity_strings() call with all packed indices.
+    """Emit a single configure_entity_() call with name, hash, and packed string indices.
 
     Call this at the end of each component's setup function, after
     setup_entity() and any register_device_class/register_unit_of_measurement calls.
     """
+    entity_name = config[_KEY_ENTITY_NAME]
+    object_id_hash = config[_KEY_OBJECT_ID_HASH]
     dc_idx = config.get(_KEY_DC_IDX, 0)
     uom_idx = config.get(_KEY_UOM_IDX, 0)
     icon_idx = config.get(_KEY_ICON_IDX, 0)
     packed = (dc_idx << _DC_SHIFT) | (uom_idx << _UOM_SHIFT) | (icon_idx << _ICON_SHIFT)
-    if packed != 0:
-        add(var.set_entity_strings(packed))
+    add(var.configure_entity_(entity_name, object_id_hash, packed))
 
 
 def get_base_entity_object_id(
@@ -331,13 +334,15 @@ async def _setup_entity_impl(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType, platform: str) ->
         device: MockObj = await get_variable(device_id_obj)
         add(var.set_device(device))
 
-    # Set the entity name with pre-computed object_id hash
+    # Pre-compute entity name and object_id hash for configure_entity_()
+    # which is emitted later by finalize_entity_strings().
     # For named entities: pre-compute hash from entity name
     # For empty-name entities: pass 0, C++ calculates hash at runtime from
     # device name, friendly_name, or app name (bug-for-bug compatibility)
     entity_name = config[CONF_NAME]
     object_id_hash = fnv1_hash_object_id(entity_name) if entity_name else 0
-    add(var.set_name(entity_name, object_id_hash))
+    config[_KEY_ENTITY_NAME] = entity_name
+    config[_KEY_OBJECT_ID_HASH] = object_id_hash
     # Only set disabled_by_default if True (default is False)
     if config[CONF_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT]:
         add(var.set_disabled_by_default(True))
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/binary_sensor/test_binary_sensor.py b/tests/component_tests/binary_sensor/test_binary_sensor.py
index ce4e64681f..fbc2f37d9a 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/binary_sensor/test_binary_sensor.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/binary_sensor/test_binary_sensor.py
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ def test_binary_sensor_sets_mandatory_fields(generate_main):
     )
 
     # Then
-    assert 'bs_1->set_name("test bs1",' in main_cpp
+    assert 'bs_1->configure_entity_("test bs1",' in main_cpp
     assert "bs_1->set_pin(" in main_cpp
 
 
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/button/test_button.py b/tests/component_tests/button/test_button.py
index 797b6fb1a4..9f94d61c8c 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/button/test_button.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/button/test_button.py
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ def test_button_sets_mandatory_fields(generate_main):
     main_cpp = generate_main("tests/component_tests/button/test_button.yaml")
 
     # Then
-    assert 'wol_1->set_name("wol_test_1",' in main_cpp
+    assert 'wol_1->configure_entity_("wol_test_1",' in main_cpp
     assert "wol_2->set_macaddr(18, 52, 86, 120, 144, 171);" in main_cpp
 
 
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/sensor/test_sensor.py b/tests/component_tests/sensor/test_sensor.py
index 221e7edf2c..d9ab3a022c 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/sensor/test_sensor.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/sensor/test_sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,15 @@
 """Tests for the sensor component."""
 
+import re
+
+
+def _extract_packed_value(main_cpp, var_name):
+    """Extract the third (packed) argument from a configure_entity_ call."""
+    pattern = rf"{re.escape(var_name)}->configure_entity_\([^,]+,\s*\w+,\s*(\d+)\)"
+    match = re.search(pattern, main_cpp)
+    assert match, f"configure_entity_ call not found for {var_name}"
+    return int(match.group(1))
+
 
 def test_sensor_device_class_set(generate_main):
     """
@@ -10,5 +20,6 @@ def test_sensor_device_class_set(generate_main):
     # When
     main_cpp = generate_main("tests/component_tests/sensor/test_sensor.yaml")
 
-    # Then
-    assert "s_1->set_entity_strings(" in main_cpp
+    # Then: device_class: voltage means packed value must be non-zero
+    packed = _extract_packed_value(main_cpp, "s_1")
+    assert packed != 0
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/text/test_text.py b/tests/component_tests/text/test_text.py
index 16f5f980a5..3ceaa9b8f8 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/text/test_text.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/text/test_text.py
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ def test_text_sets_mandatory_fields(generate_main):
     main_cpp = generate_main("tests/component_tests/text/test_text.yaml")
 
     # Then
-    assert 'it_1->set_name("test 1 text",' in main_cpp
+    assert 'it_1->configure_entity_("test 1 text",' in main_cpp
 
 
 def test_text_config_value_internal_set(generate_main):
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/text_sensor/test_text_sensor.py b/tests/component_tests/text_sensor/test_text_sensor.py
index 4aaebe04d1..f30b820e94 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/text_sensor/test_text_sensor.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/text_sensor/test_text_sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,15 @@
 """Tests for the text sensor component."""
 
+import re
+
+
+def _extract_packed_value(main_cpp, var_name):
+    """Extract the third (packed) argument from a configure_entity_ call."""
+    pattern = rf"{re.escape(var_name)}->configure_entity_\([^,]+,\s*\w+,\s*(\d+)\)"
+    match = re.search(pattern, main_cpp)
+    assert match, f"configure_entity_ call not found for {var_name}"
+    return int(match.group(1))
+
 
 def test_text_sensor_is_setup(generate_main):
     """
@@ -25,9 +35,9 @@ def test_text_sensor_sets_mandatory_fields(generate_main):
     main_cpp = generate_main("tests/component_tests/text_sensor/test_text_sensor.yaml")
 
     # Then
-    assert 'ts_1->set_name("Template Text Sensor 1",' in main_cpp
-    assert 'ts_2->set_name("Template Text Sensor 2",' in main_cpp
-    assert 'ts_3->set_name("Template Text Sensor 3",' in main_cpp
+    assert 'ts_1->configure_entity_("Template Text Sensor 1",' in main_cpp
+    assert 'ts_2->configure_entity_("Template Text Sensor 2",' in main_cpp
+    assert 'ts_3->configure_entity_("Template Text Sensor 3",' in main_cpp
 
 
 def test_text_sensor_config_value_internal_set(generate_main):
@@ -53,6 +63,9 @@ def test_text_sensor_device_class_set(generate_main):
     # When
     main_cpp = generate_main("tests/component_tests/text_sensor/test_text_sensor.yaml")
 
-    # Then
-    assert "ts_2->set_entity_strings(" in main_cpp
-    assert "ts_3->set_entity_strings(" in main_cpp
+    # Then: ts_2 has device_class: timestamp, ts_3 has device_class: date
+    # so their packed values must be non-zero
+    packed_ts_2 = _extract_packed_value(main_cpp, "ts_2")
+    assert packed_ts_2 != 0
+    packed_ts_3 = _extract_packed_value(main_cpp, "ts_3")
+    assert packed_ts_3 != 0
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/core/test_entity_helpers.py b/tests/unit_tests/core/test_entity_helpers.py
index 1392a1d043..3f6faaee54 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/core/test_entity_helpers.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/core/test_entity_helpers.py
@@ -32,9 +32,11 @@ from esphome.helpers import sanitize, snake_case
 
 from .common import load_config_from_fixture
 
-# Pre-compiled regex pattern for extracting names from set_name calls
-# Matches: .set_name("name", hash) or .set_name("name")
-SET_NAME_PATTERN = re.compile(r'\.set_name\(["\']([^"\']*)["\']')
+# Pre-compiled regex pattern for extracting names from configure_entity_/set_name calls
+# Matches: .configure_entity_("name", ...) or .set_name("name", ...)
+ENTITY_NAME_PATTERN = re.compile(
+    r'\.(?:configure_entity_|set_name)\(["\']([^"\']*)["\']'
+)
 
 FIXTURES_DIR = Path(__file__).parent.parent / "fixtures" / "core" / "entity_helpers"
 
@@ -276,15 +278,23 @@ def setup_test_environment() -> Generator[list[str], None, None]:
     entity_helpers.add = original_add
 
 
-def extract_object_id_from_expressions(expressions: list[str]) -> str | None:
-    """Extract the object ID that would be computed from set_name calls.
+def extract_object_id_from_config(config: dict[str, Any]) -> str | None:
+    """Extract the object ID from config keys set by _setup_entity_impl."""
+    name = config.get("_entity_name")
+    if name is None:
+        return None
+    if name:
+        return sanitize(snake_case(name))
+    # Empty name - fall back to friendly_name or device name
+    if CORE.friendly_name:
+        return sanitize(snake_case(CORE.friendly_name))
+    return sanitize(snake_case(CORE.name)) if CORE.name else None
 
-    Since object_id is now computed from the name (via snake_case + sanitize),
-    we extract the name from set_name() calls and compute the expected object_id.
-    For empty names, we fall back to CORE.friendly_name or CORE.name.
-    """
+
+def extract_object_id_from_expressions(expressions: list[str]) -> str | None:
+    """Extract the object ID from configure_entity_() calls in generated expressions."""
     for expr in expressions:
-        if match := SET_NAME_PATTERN.search(expr):
+        if match := ENTITY_NAME_PATTERN.search(expr):
             name = match.group(1)
             if name:
                 return sanitize(snake_case(name))
@@ -299,8 +309,6 @@ def extract_object_id_from_expressions(expressions: list[str]) -> str | None:
 async def test_setup_entity_no_duplicates(setup_test_environment: list[str]) -> None:
     """Test setup_entity with unique names."""
 
-    added_expressions = setup_test_environment
-
     # Create mock entities
     var1 = MockObj("sensor1")
     var2 = MockObj("sensor2")
@@ -312,13 +320,10 @@ async def test_setup_entity_no_duplicates(setup_test_environment: list[str]) ->
     }
     await _setup_entity_impl(var1, config1, "sensor")
 
-    # Get object ID from first entity
-    object_id1 = extract_object_id_from_expressions(added_expressions)
+    # Get object ID from first entity (stored in config, emitted later by finalize)
+    object_id1 = extract_object_id_from_config(config1)
     assert object_id1 == "temperature"
 
-    # Clear for next entity
-    added_expressions.clear()
-
     # Set up second entity with different name
     config2 = {
         CONF_NAME: "Humidity",
@@ -327,7 +332,7 @@ async def test_setup_entity_no_duplicates(setup_test_environment: list[str]) ->
     await _setup_entity_impl(var2, config2, "sensor")
 
     # Get object ID from second entity
-    object_id2 = extract_object_id_from_expressions(added_expressions)
+    object_id2 = extract_object_id_from_config(config2)
     assert object_id2 == "humidity"
 
 
@@ -337,8 +342,6 @@ async def test_setup_entity_different_platforms(
 ) -> None:
     """Test that same name on different platforms doesn't conflict."""
 
-    added_expressions = setup_test_environment
-
     # Create mock entities
     sensor = MockObj("sensor1")
     binary_sensor = MockObj("binary_sensor1")
@@ -356,15 +359,11 @@ async def test_setup_entity_different_platforms(
         (text_sensor, "text_sensor"),
     ]
 
-    object_ids: list[str] = []
     for var, platform in platforms:
-        added_expressions.clear()
         await _setup_entity_impl(var, config, platform)
-        object_id = extract_object_id_from_expressions(added_expressions)
-        object_ids.append(object_id)
 
-    # All should get base object ID without suffix
-    assert all(obj_id == "status" for obj_id in object_ids)
+    # All should get the same object ID (name stored in config, not platform-specific)
+    assert extract_object_id_from_config(config) == "status"
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
@@ -389,7 +388,6 @@ async def test_setup_entity_with_devices(
     setup_test_environment: list[str], mock_get_variable: dict[ID, MockObj]
 ) -> None:
     """Test that same name on different devices doesn't conflict."""
-    added_expressions = setup_test_environment
 
     # Create mock devices
     device1_id = ID("device1", type="Device")
@@ -418,24 +416,18 @@ async def test_setup_entity_with_devices(
     }
 
     # Get object IDs
-    object_ids: list[str] = []
     for var, config in [(sensor1, config1), (sensor2, config2)]:
-        added_expressions.clear()
         await _setup_entity_impl(var, config, "sensor")
-        object_id = extract_object_id_from_expressions(added_expressions)
-        object_ids.append(object_id)
 
     # Both should get base object ID without suffix (different devices)
-    assert object_ids[0] == "temperature"
-    assert object_ids[1] == "temperature"
+    assert extract_object_id_from_config(config1) == "temperature"
+    assert extract_object_id_from_config(config2) == "temperature"
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_setup_entity_empty_name(setup_test_environment: list[str]) -> None:
     """Test setup_entity with empty entity name."""
 
-    added_expressions = setup_test_environment
-
     var = MockObj("sensor1")
 
     config = {
@@ -445,7 +437,7 @@ async def test_setup_entity_empty_name(setup_test_environment: list[str]) -> Non
 
     await _setup_entity_impl(var, config, "sensor")
 
-    object_id = extract_object_id_from_expressions(added_expressions)
+    object_id = extract_object_id_from_config(config)
     # Should use friendly name
     assert object_id == "test_device"
 
@@ -456,8 +448,6 @@ async def test_setup_entity_special_characters(
 ) -> None:
     """Test setup_entity with names containing special characters."""
 
-    added_expressions = setup_test_environment
-
     var = MockObj("sensor1")
 
     config = {
@@ -466,7 +456,7 @@ async def test_setup_entity_special_characters(
     }
 
     await _setup_entity_impl(var, config, "sensor")
-    object_id = extract_object_id_from_expressions(added_expressions)
+    object_id = extract_object_id_from_config(config)
 
     # Special characters should be sanitized
     assert object_id == "temperature_sensor_"
@@ -476,8 +466,6 @@ async def test_setup_entity_special_characters(
 async def test_setup_entity_with_icon(setup_test_environment: list[str]) -> None:
     """Test setup_entity sets icon correctly."""
 
-    setup_test_environment  # noqa: F841 - fixture initializes CORE state
-
     var = MockObj("sensor1")
 
     config = {
@@ -800,10 +788,9 @@ async def test_setup_entity_empty_name_with_device(
     # Check that set_device was called
     assert any("sensor1.set_device" in expr for expr in added_expressions)
 
-    # For empty-name entities, Python passes 0 - C++ calculates hash at runtime
-    assert any('set_name("", 0)' in expr for expr in added_expressions), (
-        f"Expected set_name with hash 0, got {added_expressions}"
-    )
+    # For empty-name entities, Python stores hash 0 - C++ calculates hash at runtime
+    assert config.get("_entity_name") == ""
+    assert config.get("_entity_object_id_hash") == 0
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -815,7 +802,6 @@ async def test_setup_entity_empty_name_with_mac_suffix(
     For empty-name entities, Python passes 0 and C++ calculates the hash
     at runtime from friendly_name (bug-for-bug compatibility).
     """
-    added_expressions = setup_test_environment
 
     # Set up CORE.config with name_add_mac_suffix enabled
     CORE.config = {"name_add_mac_suffix": True}
@@ -831,10 +817,9 @@ async def test_setup_entity_empty_name_with_mac_suffix(
 
     await _setup_entity_impl(var, config, "sensor")
 
-    # For empty-name entities, Python passes 0 - C++ calculates hash at runtime
-    assert any('set_name("", 0)' in expr for expr in added_expressions), (
-        f"Expected set_name with hash 0, got {added_expressions}"
-    )
+    # For empty-name entities, Python stores hash 0 - C++ calculates hash at runtime
+    assert config.get("_entity_name") == ""
+    assert config.get("_entity_object_id_hash") == 0
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -847,7 +832,6 @@ async def test_setup_entity_empty_name_with_mac_suffix_no_friendly_name(
     at runtime. In this case C++ will hash the empty friendly_name
     (bug-for-bug compatibility).
     """
-    added_expressions = setup_test_environment
 
     # Set up CORE.config with name_add_mac_suffix enabled
     CORE.config = {"name_add_mac_suffix": True}
@@ -863,10 +847,9 @@ async def test_setup_entity_empty_name_with_mac_suffix_no_friendly_name(
 
     await _setup_entity_impl(var, config, "sensor")
 
-    # For empty-name entities, Python passes 0 - C++ calculates hash at runtime
-    assert any('set_name("", 0)' in expr for expr in added_expressions), (
-        f"Expected set_name with hash 0, got {added_expressions}"
-    )
+    # For empty-name entities, Python stores hash 0 - C++ calculates hash at runtime
+    assert config.get("_entity_name") == ""
+    assert config.get("_entity_object_id_hash") == 0
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -878,7 +861,6 @@ async def test_setup_entity_empty_name_no_mac_suffix_no_friendly_name(
     For empty-name entities, Python passes 0 and C++ calculates the hash
     at runtime from the device name.
     """
-    added_expressions = setup_test_environment
 
     # No MAC suffix (either not set or False)
     CORE.config = {}
@@ -896,10 +878,9 @@ async def test_setup_entity_empty_name_no_mac_suffix_no_friendly_name(
 
     await _setup_entity_impl(var, config, "sensor")
 
-    # For empty-name entities, Python passes 0 - C++ calculates hash at runtime
-    assert any('set_name("", 0)' in expr for expr in added_expressions), (
-        f"Expected set_name with hash 0, got {added_expressions}"
-    )
+    # For empty-name entities, Python stores hash 0 - C++ calculates hash at runtime
+    assert config.get("_entity_name") == ""
+    assert config.get("_entity_object_id_hash") == 0
 
 
 def test_register_string_overflow() -> None:
@@ -976,7 +957,7 @@ async def test_setup_entity_direct_call(setup_test_environment: list[str]) -> No
     # Direct call mode: await setup_entity(var, config, "camera")
     await setup_entity(var, config, "camera")
 
-    # Should have called set_name
+    # Should have emitted configure_entity_
     object_id = extract_object_id_from_expressions(added_expressions)
     assert object_id == "my_camera"
 

From 77f2c371b2b20b00d6e064bd5cbc618b2f1e22c8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2026 07:26:34 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 439/609] [api] Single-pass protobuf encode for BLE proxy
 advertisements (#14575)

---
 esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp  | 28 ++++++------
 esphome/components/api/proto.cpp    | 71 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 esphome/components/api/proto.h      | 44 ++++++++----------
 script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py | 17 +++----
 4 files changed, 111 insertions(+), 49 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp
index b1176de539..1944aac6e8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp
@@ -120,16 +120,16 @@ void DeviceInfoResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   for (const auto &it : this->devices) {
-    buffer.encode_message(20, it);
+    buffer.encode_sub_message(20, it);
   }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_AREAS
   for (const auto &it : this->areas) {
-    buffer.encode_message(21, it);
+    buffer.encode_sub_message(21, it);
   }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_AREAS
-  buffer.encode_message(22, this->area, false);
+  buffer.encode_optional_sub_message(22, this->area);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
   buffer.encode_uint32(23, this->zwave_proxy_feature_flags);
@@ -920,13 +920,13 @@ uint32_t HomeassistantServiceMap::calculate_size() const {
 void HomeassistantActionRequest::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->service);
   for (auto &it : this->data) {
-    buffer.encode_message(2, it);
+    buffer.encode_sub_message(2, it);
   }
   for (auto &it : this->data_template) {
-    buffer.encode_message(3, it);
+    buffer.encode_sub_message(3, it);
   }
   for (auto &it : this->variables) {
-    buffer.encode_message(4, it);
+    buffer.encode_sub_message(4, it);
   }
   buffer.encode_bool(5, this->is_event);
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES
@@ -1126,7 +1126,7 @@ void ListEntitiesServicesResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->name);
   buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
   for (auto &it : this->args) {
-    buffer.encode_message(3, it);
+    buffer.encode_sub_message(3, it);
   }
   buffer.encode_uint32(4, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->supports_response));
 }
@@ -2133,7 +2133,7 @@ void ListEntitiesMediaPlayerResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(7, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
   buffer.encode_bool(8, this->supports_pause);
   for (auto &it : this->supported_formats) {
-    buffer.encode_message(9, it);
+    buffer.encode_sub_message(9, it);
   }
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   buffer.encode_uint32(10, this->device_id);
@@ -2264,7 +2264,7 @@ uint32_t BluetoothLERawAdvertisement::calculate_size() const {
 }
 void BluetoothLERawAdvertisementsResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   for (uint16_t i = 0; i < this->advertisements_len; i++) {
-    buffer.encode_message(1, this->advertisements[i]);
+    buffer.encode_sub_message(1, this->advertisements[i]);
   }
 }
 uint32_t BluetoothLERawAdvertisementsResponse::calculate_size() const {
@@ -2343,7 +2343,7 @@ void BluetoothGATTCharacteristic::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(2, this->handle);
   buffer.encode_uint32(3, this->properties);
   for (auto &it : this->descriptors) {
-    buffer.encode_message(4, it);
+    buffer.encode_sub_message(4, it);
   }
   buffer.encode_uint32(5, this->short_uuid);
 }
@@ -2370,7 +2370,7 @@ void BluetoothGATTService::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   }
   buffer.encode_uint32(2, this->handle);
   for (auto &it : this->characteristics) {
-    buffer.encode_message(3, it);
+    buffer.encode_sub_message(3, it);
   }
   buffer.encode_uint32(4, this->short_uuid);
 }
@@ -2392,7 +2392,7 @@ uint32_t BluetoothGATTService::calculate_size() const {
 void BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->address);
   for (auto &it : this->services) {
-    buffer.encode_message(2, it);
+    buffer.encode_sub_message(2, it);
   }
 }
 uint32_t BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse::calculate_size() const {
@@ -2673,7 +2673,7 @@ void VoiceAssistantRequest::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_bool(1, this->start);
   buffer.encode_string(2, this->conversation_id);
   buffer.encode_uint32(3, this->flags);
-  buffer.encode_message(4, this->audio_settings, false);
+  buffer.encode_optional_sub_message(4, this->audio_settings);
   buffer.encode_string(5, this->wake_word_phrase);
 }
 uint32_t VoiceAssistantRequest::calculate_size() const {
@@ -2906,7 +2906,7 @@ bool VoiceAssistantConfigurationRequest::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoL
 }
 void VoiceAssistantConfigurationResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
   for (auto &it : this->available_wake_words) {
-    buffer.encode_message(1, it);
+    buffer.encode_sub_message(1, it);
   }
   for (const auto &it : *this->active_wake_words) {
     buffer.encode_string(2, it, true);
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/proto.cpp b/esphome/components/api/proto.cpp
index a252907fd7..1ca6b702ad 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/proto.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/proto.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "proto.h"
 #include <cinttypes>
+#include <cstring>
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
@@ -87,6 +88,76 @@ uint32_t ProtoDecodableMessage::count_repeated_field(const uint8_t *buffer, size
   return count;
 }
 
+// Single-pass encode for repeated submessage elements (non-template core).
+// Writes field tag, reserves 1 byte for length varint, encodes the submessage body,
+// then backpatches the actual length. For the common case (body < 128 bytes), this is
+// just a single byte write with no memmove — all current repeated submessage types
+// (BLE advertisements at ~47B, GATT descriptors at ~24B, service args, etc.) take
+// this fast path.
+//
+// The memmove fallback for body >= 128 bytes exists only for correctness (e.g., a GATT
+// characteristic with many descriptors). It is safe because calculate_size() already
+// reserved space for the full multi-byte varint — the shift fills that reserved space:
+//
+//   calculate_size() allocates per element: tag + varint_size(body) + body_size
+//
+//   After encode, before memmove (1 byte reserved, body written):
+//   [tag][__][body ..... body][??]
+//         ^                   ^-- unused byte (v2 space from calculate_size)
+//         len_pos
+//
+//   After memmove(body_start+1, body_start, body_size):
+//   [tag][__][__][body ..... body]
+//         ^       ^-- body shifted forward, fills v2 space exactly
+//         len_pos
+//
+//   After writing 2-byte varint at len_pos:
+//   [tag][v1][v2][body ..... body]
+//                                ^-- pos_ = element end, within buffer
+void ProtoWriteBuffer::encode_sub_message(uint32_t field_id, const void *value,
+                                          void (*encode_fn)(const void *, ProtoWriteBuffer &)) {
+  this->encode_field_raw(field_id, 2);
+  // Reserve 1 byte for length varint (optimistic: submessage < 128 bytes)
+  uint8_t *len_pos = this->pos_;
+  this->debug_check_bounds_(1);
+  this->pos_++;
+  uint8_t *body_start = this->pos_;
+  encode_fn(value, *this);
+  uint32_t body_size = static_cast<uint32_t>(this->pos_ - body_start);
+  if (body_size < 128) [[likely]] {
+    // Common case: 1-byte varint, just backpatch
+    *len_pos = static_cast<uint8_t>(body_size);
+    return;
+  }
+  // Compute extra bytes needed for varint beyond the 1 already reserved
+  uint8_t extra = ProtoSize::varint(body_size) - 1;
+  // Shift body forward to make room for the extra varint bytes
+  this->debug_check_bounds_(extra);
+  std::memmove(body_start + extra, body_start, body_size);
+  uint8_t *end = this->pos_ + extra;
+  // Write the full varint at len_pos
+  this->pos_ = len_pos;
+  this->encode_varint_raw(body_size);
+  this->pos_ = end;
+}
+
+// Non-template core for encode_optional_sub_message.
+void ProtoWriteBuffer::encode_optional_sub_message(uint32_t field_id, uint32_t nested_size, const void *value,
+                                                   void (*encode_fn)(const void *, ProtoWriteBuffer &)) {
+  if (nested_size == 0)
+    return;
+  this->encode_field_raw(field_id, 2);
+  this->encode_varint_raw(nested_size);
+#ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_API
+  uint8_t *start = this->pos_;
+  encode_fn(value, *this);
+  if (static_cast<uint32_t>(this->pos_ - start) != nested_size)
+    this->debug_check_encode_size_(field_id, nested_size, this->pos_ - start);
+#else
+  encode_fn(value, *this);
+#endif
+}
+
 #ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_API
 void ProtoWriteBuffer::debug_check_bounds_(size_t bytes, const char *caller) {
   if (this->pos_ + bytes > this->buffer_->data() + this->buffer_->size()) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/proto.h b/esphome/components/api/proto.h
index 702208d9de..bbdd11b29d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/proto.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/proto.h
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ class ProtoVarInt {
 #endif
 };
 
-// Forward declarations for decode_to_message, encode_message and encode_packed_sint32
+// Forward declarations for decode_to_message and related encoding helpers
 class ProtoDecodableMessage;
 class ProtoMessage;
 class ProtoSize;
@@ -363,12 +363,18 @@ class ProtoWriteBuffer {
   }
   /// Encode a packed repeated sint32 field (zero-copy from vector)
   void encode_packed_sint32(uint32_t field_id, const std::vector<int32_t> &values);
-  /// Encode a nested message field (force=true for repeated, false for singular)
-  /// Templated so concrete message type is preserved for direct encode/calculate_size calls.
-  template<typename T> void encode_message(uint32_t field_id, const T &value, bool force = true);
-  // Non-template core for encode_message — all buffer work happens here
-  void encode_message(uint32_t field_id, uint32_t msg_length_bytes, const void *value,
-                      void (*encode_fn)(const void *, ProtoWriteBuffer &), bool force);
+  /// Single-pass encode for repeated submessage elements.
+  /// Thin template wrapper; all buffer work is in the non-template core.
+  template<typename T> void encode_sub_message(uint32_t field_id, const T &value);
+  /// Encode an optional singular submessage field — skips if empty.
+  /// Thin template wrapper; all buffer work is in the non-template core.
+  template<typename T> void encode_optional_sub_message(uint32_t field_id, const T &value);
+
+  // Non-template core for encode_sub_message — backpatch approach.
+  void encode_sub_message(uint32_t field_id, const void *value, void (*encode_fn)(const void *, ProtoWriteBuffer &));
+  // Non-template core for encode_optional_sub_message.
+  void encode_optional_sub_message(uint32_t field_id, uint32_t nested_size, const void *value,
+                                   void (*encode_fn)(const void *, ProtoWriteBuffer &));
   std::vector<uint8_t> *get_buffer() const { return buffer_; }
 
  protected:
@@ -690,26 +696,14 @@ template<typename T> void proto_encode_msg(const void *msg, ProtoWriteBuffer &bu
   static_cast<const T *>(msg)->encode(buf);
 }
 
-// Implementation of encode_message - must be after ProtoMessage is defined
-template<typename T> inline void ProtoWriteBuffer::encode_message(uint32_t field_id, const T &value, bool force) {
-  this->encode_message(field_id, value.calculate_size(), &value, &proto_encode_msg<T>, force);
+// Thin template wrapper; delegates to non-template core in proto.cpp.
+template<typename T> inline void ProtoWriteBuffer::encode_sub_message(uint32_t field_id, const T &value) {
+  this->encode_sub_message(field_id, &value, &proto_encode_msg<T>);
 }
 
-// Non-template core for encode_message
-inline void ProtoWriteBuffer::encode_message(uint32_t field_id, uint32_t msg_length_bytes, const void *value,
-                                             void (*encode_fn)(const void *, ProtoWriteBuffer &), bool force) {
-  if (msg_length_bytes == 0 && !force)
-    return;
-  this->encode_field_raw(field_id, 2);
-  this->encode_varint_raw(msg_length_bytes);
-#ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_API
-  uint8_t *start = this->pos_;
-  encode_fn(value, *this);
-  if (static_cast<uint32_t>(this->pos_ - start) != msg_length_bytes)
-    this->debug_check_encode_size_(field_id, msg_length_bytes, this->pos_ - start);
-#else
-  encode_fn(value, *this);
-#endif
+// Thin template wrapper; delegates to non-template core.
+template<typename T> inline void ProtoWriteBuffer::encode_optional_sub_message(uint32_t field_id, const T &value) {
+  this->encode_optional_sub_message(field_id, value.calculate_size(), &value, &proto_encode_msg<T>);
 }
 
 // Implementation of decode_to_message - must be after ProtoDecodableMessage is defined
diff --git a/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py b/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
index 85352689e6..7ae7063a41 100755
--- a/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
+++ b/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
@@ -690,15 +690,12 @@ class MessageType(TypeInfo):
 
     @property
     def encode_func(self) -> str:
-        return "encode_message"
+        return "encode_optional_sub_message"
 
     @property
     def encode_content(self) -> str:
-        # Singular message fields pass force=false (skip empty messages)
-        # The default for encode_nested_message is force=true (for repeated fields)
-        return (
-            f"buffer.{self.encode_func}({self.number}, this->{self.field_name}, false);"
-        )
+        # Singular message fields skip encoding when empty
+        return f"buffer.{self.encode_func}({self.number}, this->{self.field_name});"
 
     @property
     def decode_length(self) -> str:
@@ -1322,9 +1319,9 @@ class FixedArrayRepeatedType(TypeInfo):
         """Helper to generate encode statement for a single element."""
         if isinstance(self._ti, EnumType):
             return f"buffer.{self._ti.encode_func}({self.number}, static_cast<uint32_t>({element}), true);"
-        # MessageType.encode_message doesn't have a force parameter
+        # Repeated message elements use encode_sub_message (force=true is default)
         if isinstance(self._ti, MessageType):
-            return f"buffer.{self._ti.encode_func}({self.number}, {element});"
+            return f"buffer.encode_sub_message({self.number}, {element});"
         return f"buffer.{self._ti.encode_func}({self.number}, {element}, true);"
 
     @property
@@ -1650,9 +1647,9 @@ class RepeatedTypeInfo(TypeInfo):
         """Helper to generate encode call for a single element."""
         if isinstance(self._ti, EnumType):
             return f"buffer.{self._ti.encode_func}({self.number}, static_cast<uint32_t>({element}), true);"
-        # MessageType.encode_message doesn't have a force parameter
+        # Repeated message elements use encode_sub_message (force=true is default)
         if isinstance(self._ti, MessageType):
-            return f"buffer.{self._ti.encode_func}({self.number}, {element});"
+            return f"buffer.encode_sub_message({self.number}, {element});"
         return f"buffer.{self._ti.encode_func}({self.number}, {element}, true);"
 
     @property

From e7b8ec18f17b23709719c63e1d05a6b9ecfb0054 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2026 07:26:50 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 440/609] [api] Inline APIServer::is_connected() for common
 no-arg path (#14574)

---
 esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp | 6 +-----
 esphome/components/api/api_server.h   | 8 ++++++--
 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp
index 06816fe3e0..17d69405ad 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp
@@ -582,11 +582,7 @@ void APIServer::request_time() {
 }
 #endif
 
-bool APIServer::is_connected(bool state_subscription_only) const {
-  if (!state_subscription_only) {
-    return !this->clients_.empty();
-  }
-
+bool APIServer::is_connected_with_state_subscription() const {
   for (const auto &client : this->clients_) {
     if (client->flags_.state_subscription) {
       return true;
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_server.h b/esphome/components/api/api_server.h
index e6c10d1595..e5f371d8a1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_server.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_server.h
@@ -185,7 +185,8 @@ class APIServer : public Component,
   void send_infrared_rf_receive_event(uint32_t device_id, uint32_t key, const std::vector<int32_t> *timings);
 #endif
 
-  bool is_connected(bool state_subscription_only = false) const;
+  bool is_connected() const { return !this->clients_.empty(); }
+  bool is_connected_with_state_subscription() const;
 
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
   struct HomeAssistantStateSubscription {
@@ -323,7 +324,10 @@ template<typename... Ts> class APIConnectedCondition : public Condition<Ts...> {
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, state_subscription_only)
  public:
   bool check(const Ts &...x) override {
-    return global_api_server->is_connected(this->state_subscription_only_.value(x...));
+    if (this->state_subscription_only_.value(x...)) {
+      return global_api_server->is_connected_with_state_subscription();
+    }
+    return global_api_server->is_connected();
   }
 };
 

From a0cd35c5fc2b8b1e9ab0db69fd70b90c95e8dbad Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2026 07:27:08 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 441/609] [core] Inline status_clear_warning/error fast path
 (#14571)

---
 esphome/core/component.cpp |  8 ++------
 esphome/core/component.h   | 15 +++++++++++++--
 2 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/component.cpp b/esphome/core/component.cpp
index a9ff3ec1eb..2879d4b5ab 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/component.cpp
@@ -422,15 +422,11 @@ void Component::status_set_error(const LogString *message) {
     store_component_error_message(this, LOG_STR_ARG(message), true);
   }
 }
-void Component::status_clear_warning() {
-  if ((this->component_state_ & STATUS_LED_WARNING) == 0)
-    return;
+void Component::status_clear_warning_slow_path_() {
   this->component_state_ &= ~STATUS_LED_WARNING;
   ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s cleared Warning flag", LOG_STR_ARG(this->get_component_log_str()));
 }
-void Component::status_clear_error() {
-  if ((this->component_state_ & STATUS_LED_ERROR) == 0)
-    return;
+void Component::status_clear_error_slow_path_() {
   this->component_state_ &= ~STATUS_LED_ERROR;
   ESP_LOGE(TAG, "%s cleared Error flag", LOG_STR_ARG(this->get_component_log_str()));
 }
diff --git a/esphome/core/component.h b/esphome/core/component.h
index 59222dc4f4..7266f57e15 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component.h
+++ b/esphome/core/component.h
@@ -251,9 +251,17 @@ class Component {
   void status_set_error(const char *message);
   void status_set_error(const LogString *message);
 
-  void status_clear_warning();
+  void status_clear_warning() {
+    if ((this->component_state_ & STATUS_LED_WARNING) == 0)
+      return;
+    this->status_clear_warning_slow_path_();
+  }
 
-  void status_clear_error();
+  void status_clear_error() {
+    if ((this->component_state_ & STATUS_LED_ERROR) == 0)
+      return;
+    this->status_clear_error_slow_path_();
+  }
 
   /** Set warning status flag and automatically clear it after a timeout.
    *
@@ -505,6 +513,9 @@ class Component {
   bool cancel_defer(const char *name);         // NOLINT
   bool cancel_defer(uint32_t id);              // NOLINT
 
+  void status_clear_warning_slow_path_();
+  void status_clear_error_slow_path_();
+
   // Ordered for optimal packing on 32-bit systems
   const LogString *component_source_{nullptr};
   uint16_t warn_if_blocking_over_{WARN_IF_BLOCKING_OVER_MS};  ///< Warn if blocked for this many ms (max 65.5s)

From 3f700bac1cebf7eb6ff3b20a87d8c8af5cb9fc41 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Diorcet Yann <diorcety@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2026 19:50:44 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 442/609] [component] Fix components for compatibility with
 stricter compilers (#14545)

Co-authored-by: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp                 |  2 +-
 esphome/components/ethernet/esp_eth_phy_jl1101.c     |  2 +-
 esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp   |  4 ++--
 esphome/components/heatpumpir/climate.py             |  1 +
 .../http_request/update/http_request_update.cpp      |  3 ++-
 esphome/components/mlx90393/sensor_mlx90393.cpp      |  2 +-
 esphome/components/whirlpool/whirlpool.cpp           |  7 +++++++
 esphome/components/whirlpool/whirlpool.h             | 12 ++++++------
 8 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp
index bbe972b9f3..7fa5370072 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp
@@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ void ESP32BLE::loop() {
             ESP_LOGV(TAG, "gap_event_handler - %d", gap_event);
 #ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_GAP_EVENT_HANDLER_COUNT
             {
-              esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t *param;
+              esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t *param = NULL;
               // clang-format off
               switch (gap_event) {
                 // All three scan complete events have the same structure with just status
diff --git a/esphome/components/ethernet/esp_eth_phy_jl1101.c b/esphome/components/ethernet/esp_eth_phy_jl1101.c
index 5e73e99101..a19f7aa6b0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ethernet/esp_eth_phy_jl1101.c
+++ b/esphome/components/ethernet/esp_eth_phy_jl1101.c
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 #include "esp_rom_sys.h"
 #include "esp_idf_version.h"
 
-#if defined(USE_ARDUINO) || ESP_IDF_VERSION < ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 4, 2)
+#if defined(USE_ETHERNET_JL1101) && (ESP_IDF_VERSION < ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 4, 2) || !defined(PLATFORMIO))
 
 static const char *TAG = "jl1101";
 #define PHY_CHECK(a, str, goto_tag, ...) \
diff --git a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp
index 0bc67c8b03..d6b0d40cd9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ void EthernetComponent::setup() {
       break;
     }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_ETHERNET_JL1101
+#if defined(USE_ETHERNET_JL1101) && (ESP_IDF_VERSION < ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 4, 2) || !defined(PLATFORMIO))
     case ETHERNET_TYPE_JL1101: {
       this->phy_ = esp_eth_phy_new_jl1101(&phy_config);
       break;
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ void EthernetComponent::dump_config() {
       eth_type = "IP101";
       break;
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_ETHERNET_JL1101
+#if defined(USE_ETHERNET_JL1101) && (ESP_IDF_VERSION < ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 4, 2) || !defined(PLATFORMIO))
     case ETHERNET_TYPE_JL1101:
       eth_type = "JL1101";
       break;
diff --git a/esphome/components/heatpumpir/climate.py b/esphome/components/heatpumpir/climate.py
index 0d760938d0..7743da77ab 100644
--- a/esphome/components/heatpumpir/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/heatpumpir/climate.py
@@ -125,6 +125,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.add(var.set_vertical_default(config[CONF_VERTICAL_DEFAULT]))
     cg.add(var.set_max_temperature(config[CONF_MAX_TEMPERATURE]))
     cg.add(var.set_min_temperature(config[CONF_MIN_TEMPERATURE]))
+    cg.add_build_flag("-Wno-error=overloaded-virtual")
 
     cg.add_library("tonia/HeatpumpIR", "1.0.40")
     if CORE.is_libretiny or CORE.is_esp32:
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/update/http_request_update.cpp b/esphome/components/http_request/update/http_request_update.cpp
index 1900f69a69..c40590af95 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/update/http_request_update.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/update/http_request_update.cpp
@@ -128,7 +128,8 @@ void HttpRequestUpdate::update_task(void *params) {
       this_update->update_info_.title = root[ESPHOME_F("name")].as<std::string>();
       this_update->update_info_.latest_version = root[ESPHOME_F("version")].as<std::string>();
 
-      for (auto build : root[ESPHOME_F("builds")].as<JsonArray>()) {
+      auto builds_array = root[ESPHOME_F("builds")].as<JsonArray>();
+      for (auto build : builds_array) {
         if (!build[ESPHOME_F("chipFamily")].is<const char *>()) {
           ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Manifest does not contain required fields");
           return false;
diff --git a/esphome/components/mlx90393/sensor_mlx90393.cpp b/esphome/components/mlx90393/sensor_mlx90393.cpp
index ee52f9b9ab..01084e50df 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mlx90393/sensor_mlx90393.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mlx90393/sensor_mlx90393.cpp
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ bool MLX90393Cls::verify_setting_(MLX90393Setting which) {
   uint8_t read_value = 0xFF;
   uint8_t expected_value = 0xFF;
   uint8_t read_status = -1;
-  char read_back_str[25] = {0};
+  char read_back_str[33] = {0};
 
   switch (which) {
     case MLX90393_GAIN_SEL: {
diff --git a/esphome/components/whirlpool/whirlpool.cpp b/esphome/components/whirlpool/whirlpool.cpp
index e9f602e97f..86209cb7a6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/whirlpool/whirlpool.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/whirlpool/whirlpool.cpp
@@ -32,6 +32,13 @@ const uint8_t WHIRLPOOL_SWING_MASK = 128;
 
 const uint8_t WHIRLPOOL_POWER = 0x04;
 
+WhirlpoolClimate::WhirlpoolClimate()
+    : climate_ir::ClimateIR(
+          WHIRLPOOL_DG11J1_3A_TEMP_MIN, WHIRLPOOL_DG11J1_3A_TEMP_MAX, 1.0f, true, true,
+          {climate::CLIMATE_FAN_AUTO, climate::CLIMATE_FAN_LOW, climate::CLIMATE_FAN_MEDIUM, climate::CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH},
+          {climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL}),
+      model_(MODEL_DG11J1_3A) {}
+
 void WhirlpoolClimate::transmit_state() {
   this->last_transmit_time_ = millis();  // setting the time of the last transmission.
   uint8_t remote_state[WHIRLPOOL_STATE_LENGTH] = {0};
diff --git a/esphome/components/whirlpool/whirlpool.h b/esphome/components/whirlpool/whirlpool.h
index 992b2a7adf..ada5a36de9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/whirlpool/whirlpool.h
+++ b/esphome/components/whirlpool/whirlpool.h
@@ -19,11 +19,7 @@ const float WHIRLPOOL_DG11J1_91_TEMP_MIN = 16.0;
 
 class WhirlpoolClimate : public climate_ir::ClimateIR {
  public:
-  WhirlpoolClimate()
-      : climate_ir::ClimateIR(temperature_min_(), temperature_max_(), 1.0f, true, true,
-                              {climate::CLIMATE_FAN_AUTO, climate::CLIMATE_FAN_LOW, climate::CLIMATE_FAN_MEDIUM,
-                               climate::CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH},
-                              {climate::CLIMATE_SWING_OFF, climate::CLIMATE_SWING_VERTICAL}) {}
+  WhirlpoolClimate();
 
   void setup() override {
     climate_ir::ClimateIR::setup();
@@ -37,7 +33,11 @@ class WhirlpoolClimate : public climate_ir::ClimateIR {
     climate_ir::ClimateIR::control(call);
   }
 
-  void set_model(Model model) { this->model_ = model; }
+  void set_model(Model model) {
+    this->model_ = model;
+    this->minimum_temperature_ = temperature_min_();
+    this->maximum_temperature_ = temperature_max_();
+  }
 
   // used to track when to send the power toggle command
   bool powered_on_assumed;

From f2dfb5e1dcfd7bd47677f8d0c75b41bbd0e25bb7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Oliver Kleinecke <okleinecke@web.de>
Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 00:16:12 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 443/609] [uart][usb_uart] Add debug_prefix option to
 distinguish multiple defined uarts in log (#14525)

---
 esphome/components/uart/__init__.py          | 13 ++++-
 esphome/components/uart/uart_debugger.cpp    | 18 +++---
 esphome/components/uart/uart_debugger.h      | 17 ++++--
 esphome/components/usb_uart/__init__.py      |  5 +-
 esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp     |  4 +-
 esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h       |  3 +
 tests/components/uart/test.esp32-c3-idf.yaml | 16 +++++-
 tests/components/uart/test.esp32-idf.yaml    | 60 +++++++++++++++-----
 tests/components/uart/test.esp8266-ard.yaml  | 24 +++++---
 tests/components/uart/test.host.yaml         |  2 +-
 tests/components/uart/test.rp2040-ard.yaml   | 16 +++++-
 tests/components/usb_uart/common.yaml        |  8 +++
 12 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 48 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/__init__.py b/esphome/components/uart/__init__.py
index 3bc4263b31..1b976b73a9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/__init__.py
@@ -203,8 +203,10 @@ UART_DIRECTIONS = {
 # round numbers.
 AFTER_DEFAULTS = {CONF_BYTES: 150, CONF_TIMEOUT: "100ms"}
 
+CONF_DEBUG_PREFIX = "debug_prefix"
+
 # By default, log in hex format when no specific sequence is provided.
-DEFAULT_DEBUG_OUTPUT = "UARTDebug::log_hex(direction, bytes, ':');"
+DEFAULT_DEBUG_OUTPUT = "UARTDebug::log_hex(direction, bytes, ':', debug_prefix);"
 DEFAULT_SEQUENCE = [{CONF_LAMBDA: make_data_base(DEFAULT_DEBUG_OUTPUT)}]
 
 
@@ -242,6 +244,7 @@ DEBUG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
         ): automation.validate_automation(),
         cv.Optional(CONF_DUMMY_RECEIVER, default=False): cv.boolean,
         cv.GenerateID(CONF_DUMMY_RECEIVER_ID): cv.declare_id(UARTDummyReceiver),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_DEBUG_PREFIX, default=""): cv.string,
     }
 )
 
@@ -283,7 +286,11 @@ async def debug_to_code(config, parent):
     for action in config[CONF_SEQUENCE]:
         await automation.build_automation(
             trigger,
-            [(UARTDirection, "direction"), (cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint8), "bytes")],
+            [
+                (UARTDirection, "direction"),
+                (cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint8), "bytes"),
+                (cg.StringRef, "debug_prefix"),
+            ],
             action,
         )
     cg.add(trigger.set_direction(config[CONF_DIRECTION]))
@@ -299,6 +306,8 @@ async def debug_to_code(config, parent):
     if config[CONF_DUMMY_RECEIVER]:
         dummy = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_DUMMY_RECEIVER_ID], parent)
         await cg.register_component(dummy, {})
+    if debug_prefix := config[CONF_DEBUG_PREFIX]:
+        cg.add(trigger.set_debug_prefix(debug_prefix))
     cg.add_define("USE_UART_DEBUGGER")
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_debugger.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_debugger.cpp
index 5490154d01..e0be599d8d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_debugger.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_debugger.cpp
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ bool UARTDebugger::has_buffered_bytes_() { return !this->bytes_.empty(); }
 
 void UARTDebugger::fire_trigger_() {
   this->is_triggering_ = true;
-  trigger(this->last_direction_, this->bytes_);
+  trigger(this->last_direction_, this->bytes_, this->debug_prefix_);
   this->bytes_.clear();
   this->is_triggering_ = false;
 }
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ void UARTDummyReceiver::loop() {
 // TCP connection(s). Without these delays, debug log lines could go
 // missing when UART devices block the main loop for too long.
 
-void UARTDebug::log_hex(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes, uint8_t separator) {
+void UARTDebug::log_hex(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes, uint8_t separator, StringRef prefix) {
   std::string res;
   if (direction == UART_DIRECTION_RX) {
     res += "<<< ";
@@ -110,11 +110,11 @@ void UARTDebug::log_hex(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes, uin
     buf_append_printf(buf, sizeof(buf), 0, "%02X", bytes[i]);
     res += buf;
   }
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s", res.c_str());
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s%s", prefix.c_str(), res.c_str());
   delay(10);
 }
 
-void UARTDebug::log_string(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes) {
+void UARTDebug::log_string(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes, StringRef prefix) {
   std::string res;
   if (direction == UART_DIRECTION_RX) {
     res += "<<< \"";
@@ -154,11 +154,11 @@ void UARTDebug::log_string(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes)
     }
   }
   res += '"';
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s", res.c_str());
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s%s", prefix.c_str(), res.c_str());
   delay(10);
 }
 
-void UARTDebug::log_int(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes, uint8_t separator) {
+void UARTDebug::log_int(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes, uint8_t separator, StringRef prefix) {
   std::string res;
   size_t len = bytes.size();
   if (direction == UART_DIRECTION_RX) {
@@ -174,11 +174,11 @@ void UARTDebug::log_int(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes, uin
     buf_append_printf(buf, sizeof(buf), 0, "%u", bytes[i]);
     res += buf;
   }
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s", res.c_str());
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s%s", prefix.c_str(), res.c_str());
   delay(10);
 }
 
-void UARTDebug::log_binary(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes, uint8_t separator) {
+void UARTDebug::log_binary(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes, uint8_t separator, StringRef prefix) {
   std::string res;
   size_t len = bytes.size();
   if (direction == UART_DIRECTION_RX) {
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ void UARTDebug::log_binary(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes,
     buf_append_printf(buf, sizeof(buf), 0, "0b" BYTE_TO_BINARY_PATTERN " (0x%02X)", BYTE_TO_BINARY(bytes[i]), bytes[i]);
     res += buf;
   }
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s", res.c_str());
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s%s", prefix.c_str(), res.c_str());
   delay(10);
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_debugger.h b/esphome/components/uart/uart_debugger.h
index df87655962..da33bea70c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_debugger.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_debugger.h
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include <vector>
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
+#include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
 #include "uart.h"
 #include "uart_component.h"
 
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ namespace esphome::uart {
 /// 'appropriate time' means exactly, is determined by a number of
 /// configurable constraints. E.g. when a given number of bytes is gathered
 /// and/or when no more data has been seen for a given time interval.
-class UARTDebugger : public Component, public Trigger<UARTDirection, std::vector<uint8_t>> {
+class UARTDebugger : public Component, public Trigger<UARTDirection, std::vector<uint8_t>, StringRef> {
  public:
   explicit UARTDebugger(UARTComponent *parent);
   void loop() override;
@@ -41,6 +42,8 @@ class UARTDebugger : public Component, public Trigger<UARTDirection, std::vector
   /// logging will be triggered.
   void add_delimiter_byte(uint8_t byte) { this->after_delimiter_.push_back(byte); }
 
+  void set_debug_prefix(const char *prefix) { this->debug_prefix_ = StringRef(prefix); }
+
  protected:
   UARTDirection for_direction_;
   UARTDirection last_direction_{};
@@ -51,6 +54,7 @@ class UARTDebugger : public Component, public Trigger<UARTDirection, std::vector
   std::vector<uint8_t> after_delimiter_{};
   size_t after_delimiter_pos_{};
   bool is_triggering_{false};
+  StringRef debug_prefix_{};
 
   bool is_my_direction_(UARTDirection direction);
   bool is_recursive_();
@@ -81,18 +85,21 @@ class UARTDebug {
  public:
   /// Log the bytes as hex values, separated by the provided separator
   /// character.
-  static void log_hex(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes, uint8_t separator);
+  static void log_hex(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes, uint8_t separator,
+                      StringRef prefix = StringRef());
 
   /// Log the bytes as string values, escaping unprintable characters.
-  static void log_string(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes);
+  static void log_string(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes, StringRef prefix = StringRef());
 
   /// Log the bytes as integer values, separated by the provided separator
   /// character.
-  static void log_int(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes, uint8_t separator);
+  static void log_int(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes, uint8_t separator,
+                      StringRef prefix = StringRef());
 
   /// Log the bytes as '<binary> (<hex>)' values, separated by the provided
   /// separator.
-  static void log_binary(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes, uint8_t separator);
+  static void log_binary(UARTDirection direction, std::vector<uint8_t> bytes, uint8_t separator,
+                         StringRef prefix = StringRef());
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::uart
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/__init__.py b/esphome/components/usb_uart/__init__.py
index f0ee53d028..eedf590eca 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/__init__.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import socket
 from esphome.components.const import CONF_DATA_BITS, CONF_PARITY, CONF_STOP_BITS
-from esphome.components.uart import UARTComponent
+from esphome.components.uart import CONF_DEBUG_PREFIX, UARTComponent
 from esphome.components.usb_host import register_usb_client, usb_device_schema
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ def channel_schema(channels, baud_rate_required):
                             ),
                             cv.Optional(CONF_DUMMY_RECEIVER, default=False): cv.boolean,
                             cv.Optional(CONF_DEBUG, default=False): cv.boolean,
+                            cv.Optional(CONF_DEBUG_PREFIX, default=""): cv.string,
                         }
                     )
                 ),
@@ -129,6 +130,8 @@ async def to_code(config):
             cg.add(chvar.set_baud_rate(channel[CONF_BAUD_RATE]))
             cg.add(chvar.set_dummy_receiver(channel[CONF_DUMMY_RECEIVER]))
             cg.add(chvar.set_debug(channel[CONF_DEBUG]))
+            if channel[CONF_DEBUG_PREFIX]:
+                cg.add(chvar.set_debug_prefix(channel[CONF_DEBUG_PREFIX]))
             cg.add(var.add_channel(chvar))
             if channel[CONF_DEBUG]:
                 cg.add_define("USE_UART_DEBUGGER")
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
index e20bbd02db..a1f8738491 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ void USBUartChannel::write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
       size_t n = std::min(len - off, BATCH);
       memcpy(buf, ">>> ", 4);
       format_hex_pretty_to(buf + 4, sizeof(buf) - 4, data + off, n, ',');
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s", buf);
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s%s", this->debug_prefix_.c_str(), buf);
     }
   }
 #endif
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ void USBUartComponent::loop() {
       char buf[4 + format_hex_pretty_size(UsbDataChunk::MAX_CHUNK_SIZE)];  // "<<< " + hex
       memcpy(buf, "<<< ", 4);
       format_hex_pretty_to(buf + 4, sizeof(buf) - 4, chunk->data, chunk->length, ',');
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s", buf);
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s%s", channel->debug_prefix_.c_str(), buf);
     }
 #endif
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h
index 0d471e46f6..7290f8a958 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #if defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S2) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3)
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
 #include "esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host.h"
 #include "esphome/core/lock_free_queue.h"
@@ -114,6 +115,7 @@ class USBUartChannel : public uart::UARTComponent, public Parented<USBUartCompon
   void set_parity(UARTParityOptions parity) { this->parity_ = parity; }
   void set_debug(bool debug) { this->debug_ = debug; }
   void set_dummy_receiver(bool dummy_receiver) { this->dummy_receiver_ = dummy_receiver; }
+  void set_debug_prefix(const char *prefix) { this->debug_prefix_ = StringRef(prefix); }
 
   /// Register a callback invoked immediately after data is pushed to the input ring buffer.
   /// Called from USBUartComponent::loop() in the main loop context.
@@ -138,6 +140,7 @@ class USBUartChannel : public uart::UARTComponent, public Parented<USBUartCompon
   const uint8_t index_;
   bool debug_{};
   bool dummy_receiver_{};
+  StringRef debug_prefix_{};
 };
 
 class USBUartComponent : public usb_host::USBClient {
diff --git a/tests/components/uart/test.esp32-c3-idf.yaml b/tests/components/uart/test.esp32-c3-idf.yaml
index b053290a8b..2eae37e824 100644
--- a/tests/components/uart/test.esp32-c3-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/uart/test.esp32-c3-idf.yaml
@@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
 esphome:
   on_boot:
     then:
-      - uart.write: 'Hello World'
-      - uart.write: [0x00, 0x20, 0x42]
+      - uart.write:
+          id: uart_id
+          data: 'Hello World'
+      - uart.write:
+          id: uart_id
+          data: [0x00, 0x20, 0x42]
 
 uart:
-  - id: uart_uart
+  - id: uart_id
     tx_pin: 4
     rx_pin: 5
     flow_control_pin: 6
@@ -16,3 +20,9 @@ uart:
     rx_timeout: 1
     parity: EVEN
     stop_bits: 2
+  - id: uart_debug
+    tx_pin: 18
+    rx_pin: 19
+    baud_rate: 115200
+    debug:
+      debug_prefix: "[UART1] "
diff --git a/tests/components/uart/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/uart/test.esp32-idf.yaml
index 2a97f9a5de..fa76316b9c 100644
--- a/tests/components/uart/test.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/uart/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1,13 +1,19 @@
 esphome:
   on_boot:
     then:
-      - uart.write: 'Hello World'
-      - uart.write: [0x00, 0x20, 0x42]
-      - uart.write: !lambda |-
-          return {0xAA, 0xBB, 0xCC};
+      - uart.write:
+          id: uart_id
+          data: 'Hello World'
+      - uart.write:
+          id: uart_id
+          data: [0x00, 0x20, 0x42]
+      - uart.write:
+          id: uart_id
+          data: !lambda |-
+            return {0xAA, 0xBB, 0xCC};
 
 uart:
-  - id: uart_uart
+  - id: uart_id
     tx_pin: 17
     rx_pin: 16
     flow_control_pin: 4
@@ -18,32 +24,54 @@ uart:
     rx_timeout: 1
     parity: EVEN
     stop_bits: 2
+  - id: uart_debug
+    tx_pin: 21
+    rx_pin: 22
+    baud_rate: 115200
+    debug:
+      debug_prefix: "[UART1] "
+  - id: uart_debug_custom
+    tx_pin: 25
+    rx_pin: 26
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    debug:
+      debug_prefix: "[UART2] "
+      after:
+        delimiter: "\n"
+      sequence:
+        - lambda: UARTDebug::log_string(direction, bytes, debug_prefix);
+  - id: uart_debug_no_prefix
+    tx_pin: 32
+    rx_pin: 33
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    debug:
 
 packet_transport:
   - platform: uart
+    uart_id: uart_id
 
 switch:
   # Test uart switch with single state (array)
   - platform: uart
     name: "UART Switch Single Array"
-    uart_id: uart_uart
+    uart_id: uart_id
     data: [0x01, 0x02, 0x03]
   # Test uart switch with single state (string)
   - platform: uart
     name: "UART Switch Single String"
-    uart_id: uart_uart
+    uart_id: uart_id
     data: "ON"
   # Test uart switch with turn_on/turn_off (arrays)
   - platform: uart
     name: "UART Switch Dual Array"
-    uart_id: uart_uart
+    uart_id: uart_id
     data:
       turn_on: [0xA0, 0xA1, 0xA2]
       turn_off: [0xB0, 0xB1, 0xB2]
   # Test uart switch with turn_on/turn_off (strings)
   - platform: uart
     name: "UART Switch Dual String"
-    uart_id: uart_uart
+    uart_id: uart_id
     data:
       turn_on: "TURN_ON"
       turn_off: "TURN_OFF"
@@ -61,24 +89,26 @@ button:
   # Test uart button with array data
   - platform: uart
     name: "UART Button Array"
-    uart_id: uart_uart
+    uart_id: uart_id
     data: [0xFF, 0xEE, 0xDD]
   # Test uart button with string data
   - platform: uart
     name: "UART Button String"
-    uart_id: uart_uart
+    uart_id: uart_id
     data: "BUTTON_PRESS"
   # Test uart button with lambda (function pointer)
   - platform: template
     name: "UART Lambda Test"
     on_press:
-      - uart.write: !lambda |-
-          std::string cmd = "VALUE=" + str_sprintf("%.0f", id(test_number).state) + "\r\n";
-          return std::vector<uint8_t>(cmd.begin(), cmd.end());
+      - uart.write:
+          id: uart_id
+          data: !lambda |-
+            std::string cmd = "VALUE=" + str_sprintf("%.0f", id(test_number).state) + "\r\n";
+            return std::vector<uint8_t>(cmd.begin(), cmd.end());
 
 event:
   - platform: uart
-    uart_id: uart_uart
+    uart_id: uart_id
     name: "UART Event"
     event_types:
       - "string_event_A": "*A#"
diff --git a/tests/components/uart/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/uart/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
index c2670b289a..4c9d6fd736 100644
--- a/tests/components/uart/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/uart/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
 esphome:
   on_boot:
     then:
-      - uart.write: 'Hello World'
-      - uart.write: [0x00, 0x20, 0x42]
+      - uart.write:
+          id: uart_id
+          data: 'Hello World'
+      - uart.write:
+          id: uart_id
+          data: [0x00, 0x20, 0x42]
 
 uart:
-  - id: uart_uart
+  - id: uart_id
     tx_pin: 4
     rx_pin: 5
     baud_rate: 9600
@@ -13,15 +17,21 @@ uart:
     rx_buffer_size: 512
     parity: EVEN
     stop_bits: 2
+  - id: uart_debug
+    tx_pin: 14
+    rx_pin: 12
+    baud_rate: 115200
+    debug:
+      debug_prefix: "[UART1] "
 
 switch:
   - platform: uart
     name: "UART Switch Array"
-    uart_id: uart_uart
+    uart_id: uart_id
     data: [0x01, 0x02, 0x03]
   - platform: uart
     name: "UART Switch Dual"
-    uart_id: uart_uart
+    uart_id: uart_id
     data:
       turn_on: [0xA0, 0xA1]
       turn_off: [0xB0, 0xB1]
@@ -29,12 +39,12 @@ switch:
 button:
   - platform: uart
     name: "UART Button"
-    uart_id: uart_uart
+    uart_id: uart_id
     data: [0xFF, 0xEE]
 
 event:
   - platform: uart
-    uart_id: uart_uart
+    uart_id: uart_id
     name: "UART Event"
     event_types:
       - "string_event_A": "*A#"
diff --git a/tests/components/uart/test.host.yaml b/tests/components/uart/test.host.yaml
index 63f0ade084..bc64245c7b 100644
--- a/tests/components/uart/test.host.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/uart/test.host.yaml
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ esphome:
       - uart.write: [0x00, 0x20, 0x42]
 
 uart:
-  - id: uart_uart
+  - id: uart_id
     port: "/dev/ttyS0"
     baud_rate: 9600
     data_bits: 8
diff --git a/tests/components/uart/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/uart/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
index 09178f1663..5eb2b533ea 100644
--- a/tests/components/uart/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/uart/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
 esphome:
   on_boot:
     then:
-      - uart.write: 'Hello World'
-      - uart.write: [0x00, 0x20, 0x42]
+      - uart.write:
+          id: uart_id
+          data: 'Hello World'
+      - uart.write:
+          id: uart_id
+          data: [0x00, 0x20, 0x42]
 
 uart:
-  - id: uart_uart
+  - id: uart_id
     tx_pin: 4
     rx_pin: 5
     baud_rate: 9600
@@ -13,3 +17,9 @@ uart:
     rx_buffer_size: 512
     parity: EVEN
     stop_bits: 2
+  - id: uart_debug
+    tx_pin: 8
+    rx_pin: 9
+    baud_rate: 115200
+    debug:
+      debug_prefix: "[UART1] "
diff --git a/tests/components/usb_uart/common.yaml b/tests/components/usb_uart/common.yaml
index 474c3f5c8d..5869b9468b 100644
--- a/tests/components/usb_uart/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/usb_uart/common.yaml
@@ -34,3 +34,11 @@ usb_uart:
       - id: channel_4_1
         debug: true
         dummy_receiver: true
+        debug_prefix: "[ESP_JTAG] "
+  - id: uart_5
+    type: cp210x
+    channels:
+      - id: channel_5_1
+        baud_rate: 9600
+        debug: true
+        debug_prefix: "[CP210X] "

From 545395a6f0d2180c648998f0ded5302f01df89cf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2026 13:16:19 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 444/609] [ci] Add RP2350 to PR template test environment
 (#14599)

---
 .github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md b/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
index 965b186c31..72013e411e 100644
--- a/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
+++ b/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 - [ ] ESP32
 - [ ] ESP32 IDF
 - [ ] ESP8266
-- [ ] RP2040
+- [ ] RP2040/RP2350
 - [ ] BK72xx
 - [ ] RTL87xx
 - [ ] LN882x

From 888f3d804b9550036c20153218e4286d38c88775 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2026 13:22:50 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 445/609] [ld2420] Add integration tests with mock UART
 (#14471)

---
 .../uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp                   |   8 +-
 .../fixtures/uart_mock_ld2420.yaml            | 187 ++++++++++++
 .../fixtures/uart_mock_ld2420_simple.yaml     | 141 +++++++++
 tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2420.py    | 273 ++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 605 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2420.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2420_simple.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2420.py

diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp
index affcc8d908..e8c07d632d 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp
@@ -104,12 +104,12 @@ void MockUartComponent::write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   }
 #endif
 
-  if (this->scenario_active_) {
-    this->try_match_response_();
-  }
+  // Responses are always active - they are request-response pairs triggered by
+  // component TX, not timed injections. No race condition with test subscription.
+  this->try_match_response_();
 
   // This directly calls a tx_hook (lambda) as an alternative to the simpler match_response mechanism.
-  if (this->tx_hook_ && this->scenario_active_) {
+  if (this->tx_hook_) {
     std::vector<uint8_t> buf(data, data + len);
     this->tx_hook_(buf);
   }
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2420.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2420.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5380b81071
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2420.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-ld2420-test
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Dummy uart entry to satisfy ld2420's DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+# The actual UART bus used is the uart_mock component below
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+uart_mock:
+  id: mock_uart
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  auto_start: false
+  responses:
+    # Version-specific response: match the complete firmware version command TX.
+    # CMD_READ_VERSION (0x0000) TX = FD FC FB FA 02 00 00 00 04 03 02 01
+    # Returns "v2.0.0" → get_firmware_int = 200 >= 154 → energy mode
+    #
+    # Response layout:
+    #   [0-3]   FD FC FB FA = header
+    #   [4-5]   0C 00       = length 12
+    #   [6]     00          = cmd (CMD_READ_VERSION)
+    #   [7]     01          = status (ACK)
+    #   [8-9]   00 00       = error = 0
+    #   [10]    06          = ver_len = 6
+    #   [11]    00          = padding
+    #   [12-17] "v2.0.0"   = version string
+    #   [18-21] 04 03 02 01 = footer
+    - expect_tx:
+        [0xFD, 0xFC, 0xFB, 0xFA, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01]
+      inject_rx:
+        [
+          0xFD, 0xFC, 0xFB, 0xFA,
+          0x0C, 0x00,
+          0x00, 0x01,
+          0x00, 0x00,
+          0x06, 0x00,
+          0x76, 0x32, 0x2E, 0x30, 0x2E, 0x30,
+          0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01,
+        ]
+
+    # Catch-all response: match any command footer (04 03 02 01).
+    # Returns a generic ACK with cmd=0xFF (CMD_ENABLE_CONF case in switch).
+    # All commands get unblocked via cmd_reply_.ack = true.
+    # Data fields stay zeroed (min_gate=0, max_gate=0, timeout=0, thresholds=0).
+    #
+    # Response layout:
+    #   [0-3]  FD FC FB FA = header
+    #   [4-5]  04 00       = length 4
+    #   [6]    FF          = cmd (handled as CMD_ENABLE_CONF)
+    #   [7]    01          = status (ACK)
+    #   [8-9]  00 00       = error = 0
+    #   [10-13] 04 03 02 01 = footer
+    - expect_tx: [0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01]
+      inject_rx:
+        [
+          0xFD, 0xFC, 0xFB, 0xFA,
+          0x04, 0x00,
+          0xFF, 0x01,
+          0x00, 0x00,
+          0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01,
+        ]
+
+  injections:
+    # Phase 1 (t=100ms): Valid LD2420 energy mode data frame - happy path
+    # Buffer is clean (buffer_pos_=0). This frame should parse correctly.
+    # Presence: 1 (target detected), Distance: 100cm, Gate energies: all 0
+    #
+    # Energy frame layout (45 bytes):
+    #   [0-3]   F4 F3 F2 F1 = energy frame header
+    #   [4-5]   23 00       = length 35 (1+2+32)
+    #   [6]     01          = presence (1 = target)
+    #   [7-8]   64 00       = distance 100 (uint16_t LE)
+    #   [9-40]  00 00 x16   = 16 gate energies (uint16_t LE each)
+    #   [41-44] F8 F7 F6 F5 = energy frame footer
+    - delay: 100ms
+      inject_rx:
+        [
+          0xF4, 0xF3, 0xF2, 0xF1,
+          0x23, 0x00,
+          0x01,
+          0x64, 0x00,
+          0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+          0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+          0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+          0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+          0xF8, 0xF7, 0xF6, 0xF5,
+        ]
+
+    # Phase 2 (t=300ms): Garbage bytes
+    # LD2420's readline_ does NOT check frame headers at position 0 (unlike LD2412),
+    # so these bytes accumulate in the buffer. buffer_pos_ goes from 0 to 7.
+    - delay: 200ms
+      inject_rx: [0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF, 0x00, 0x11, 0x22]
+
+    # Phase 3 (t=400ms): Truncated energy frame WITH footer (13 bytes)
+    # This tests PR #14458 bug #3: missing length validation in handle_energy_mode_.
+    # The 7 garbage bytes from Phase 2 are still in the buffer (buffer_pos_=7).
+    # These 13 bytes are appended at positions 7-19 (buffer_pos_=20).
+    # Energy footer at positions 16-19 triggers handle_energy_mode_(buffer, 20).
+    #
+    # Pre-fix: handle_energy_mode_ reads 32 bytes of gate energy from buffer[9:40],
+    #          which is past the 20 actual bytes. Reads uninitialized data.
+    #          No "Energy frame too short" warning exists.
+    # Post-fix: len=20 < 41 → logs "Energy frame too short: 20 bytes", returns early.
+    #
+    # Frame: header + length + presence + distance + footer (no gate data)
+    - delay: 100ms
+      inject_rx:
+        [
+          0xF4, 0xF3, 0xF2, 0xF1,
+          0x23, 0x00,
+          0x01,
+          0x64, 0x00,
+          0xF8, 0xF7, 0xF6, 0xF5,
+        ]
+
+    # Phase 4 (t=600ms): Overflow - inject 50 bytes of 0xFF (MAX_LINE_LENGTH=50)
+    # After Phase 3, buffer_pos_=0 (reset after energy footer detection).
+    # 49 bytes fill positions 0-48 (buffer_pos_=49), 50th byte triggers overflow.
+    # Logs "Max command length exceeded; ignoring", buffer_pos_=0.
+    - delay: 200ms
+      inject_rx:
+        [
+          0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+          0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+          0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+          0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+          0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+        ]
+
+    # Phase 5 (t=1500ms): Valid frame after overflow - recovery test
+    # Buffer was reset by overflow. This valid frame should parse correctly.
+    # Presence: 1 (target), Distance: 50cm
+    # Delay=900ms ensures >1000ms gap from Phase 1 for REFRESH_RATE_MS throttle.
+    - delay: 900ms
+      inject_rx:
+        [
+          0xF4, 0xF3, 0xF2, 0xF1,
+          0x23, 0x00,
+          0x01,
+          0x32, 0x00,
+          0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+          0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+          0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+          0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+          0xF8, 0xF7, 0xF6, 0xF5,
+        ]
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    on_press:
+      - lambda: 'id(mock_uart).start_scenario();'
+
+ld2420:
+  id: ld2420_dev
+  uart_id: mock_uart
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: ld2420
+    ld2420_id: ld2420_dev
+    moving_distance:
+      name: "Moving Distance"
+      filters:
+        - timeout:
+            timeout: 50ms
+            value: last
+        - throttle_with_priority: 50ms
+
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: ld2420
+    ld2420_id: ld2420_dev
+    has_target:
+      name: "Has Target"
+      filters:
+        - settle: 50ms
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2420_simple.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2420_simple.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2ceca5d35d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2420_simple.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-ld2420-simple-test
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Dummy uart entry to satisfy ld2420's DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+uart_mock:
+  id: mock_uart
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  auto_start: false
+  responses:
+    # Catch-all response only (no version-specific response).
+    # Without a version response, firmware_ver_ stays at default "v0.0.0".
+    # get_firmware_int("v0.0.0") = 0 < 154 → simple mode (CMD_SYSTEM_MODE_SIMPLE).
+    - expect_tx: [0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01]
+      inject_rx:
+        [
+          0xFD, 0xFC, 0xFB, 0xFA,
+          0x04, 0x00,
+          0xFF, 0x01,
+          0x00, 0x00,
+          0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01,
+        ]
+
+  injections:
+    # Phase 1 (t=100ms): Valid simple mode text frame - happy path
+    # "ON Range 0100\r\n" → presence=true, distance=100
+    # Simple mode frames end with \r\n (0x0D 0x0A), triggering handle_simple_mode_.
+    - delay: 100ms
+      inject_rx:
+        [
+          0x4F, 0x4E, 0x20, 0x52, 0x61, 0x6E, 0x67, 0x65, 0x20,
+          0x30, 0x31, 0x30, 0x30,
+          0x0D, 0x0A,
+        ]
+
+    # Phase 2 (t=300ms): Garbage bytes
+    # LD2420's readline_ stores all bytes regardless of header. buffer_pos_ = 7.
+    - delay: 200ms
+      inject_rx: [0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF, 0x00, 0x11, 0x22]
+
+    # Phase 3 (t=500ms): Overflow - inject 50 bytes of 0xFF (MAX_LINE_LENGTH=50)
+    # buffer_pos_ starts at 7 (from Phase 2 garbage).
+    # Positions 7-48 fill (42 bytes), byte 43 triggers overflow (buffer_pos_=49).
+    # After overflow: buffer_pos_=0, remaining 7 bytes fill positions 0-6.
+    # Final buffer_pos_ = 7.
+    - delay: 200ms
+      inject_rx:
+        [
+          0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+          0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+          0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+          0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+          0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+        ]
+
+    # Phase 4 (t=1400ms): Recovery after overflow
+    # buffer_pos_ = 7 (from overflow remainder). These 15 bytes fill positions 7-21.
+    # At position 21 (0x0A), \r\n detected → handle_simple_mode_(buffer, 22).
+    # Parser skips 0xFF bytes at positions 0-6, finds "ON" at positions 7-8,
+    # parses digits "0050" → distance=50.
+    # Delay=900ms ensures >1000ms gap from Phase 1 for REFRESH_RATE_MS throttle.
+    - delay: 900ms
+      inject_rx:
+        [
+          0x4F, 0x4E, 0x20, 0x52, 0x61, 0x6E, 0x67, 0x65, 0x20,
+          0x30, 0x30, 0x35, 0x30,
+          0x0D, 0x0A,
+        ]
+
+    # Phase 5 (t=2500ms): 16-digit distance - tests PR #14458 bug #1
+    # "ON Range 0000000000000000\r\n" has 16 digit characters.
+    # handle_simple_mode_ outbuf is 16 bytes, can hold 15 digits (index 0-14).
+    #
+    # Pre-fix: At the 16th digit, index=15, (index < bufsize-1) is false.
+    #          The digit branch doesn't increment pos. The else branch is skipped.
+    #          pos stays at the 16th digit FOREVER → INFINITE LOOP.
+    #          The binary hangs, no more state updates, test times out.
+    # Post-fix: pos always increments (moved outside digit branch).
+    #          16th digit skipped, loop continues to \r\n. distance=0.
+    - delay: 1100ms
+      inject_rx:
+        [
+          0x4F, 0x4E, 0x20, 0x52, 0x61, 0x6E, 0x67, 0x65, 0x20,
+          0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30,
+          0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30,
+          0x0D, 0x0A,
+        ]
+
+    # Phase 6 (t=3700ms): Post-bug-trigger recovery
+    # If Phase 5 didn't hang, this frame should parse correctly.
+    # "ON Range 0025\r\n" → distance=25
+    # Delay=1200ms ensures >1000ms gap from Phase 5 for throttle.
+    - delay: 1200ms
+      inject_rx:
+        [
+          0x4F, 0x4E, 0x20, 0x52, 0x61, 0x6E, 0x67, 0x65, 0x20,
+          0x30, 0x30, 0x32, 0x35,
+          0x0D, 0x0A,
+        ]
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    on_press:
+      - lambda: 'id(mock_uart).start_scenario();'
+
+ld2420:
+  id: ld2420_dev
+  uart_id: mock_uart
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: ld2420
+    ld2420_id: ld2420_dev
+    moving_distance:
+      name: "Moving Distance"
+      filters:
+        - timeout:
+            timeout: 50ms
+            value: last
+        - throttle_with_priority: 50ms
+
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: ld2420
+    ld2420_id: ld2420_dev
+    has_target:
+      name: "Has Target"
+      filters:
+        - settle: 50ms
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2420.py b/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2420.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ae28da4d3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2420.py
@@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
+"""Integration test for LD2420 component with mock UART.
+
+Tests:
+test_uart_mock_ld2420 (energy mode):
+  1. Happy path - valid energy frame publishes correct sensor values
+  2. Garbage resilience - random bytes don't crash the component
+  3. Truncated energy frame - triggers "Energy frame too short" warning (PR #14458 bug #3)
+  4. Buffer overflow recovery - overflow resets the parser
+  5. Post-overflow parsing - next valid frame after overflow is parsed correctly
+  6. TX logging - verifies LD2420 sends expected setup commands
+
+test_uart_mock_ld2420_simple (simple mode):
+  1. Happy path - valid simple mode text frame publishes correct values
+  2. Garbage resilience
+  3. Buffer overflow recovery
+  4. 16-digit distance triggers infinite loop pre-fix (PR #14458 bug #1)
+  5. Post-bug-trigger recovery proves the parser survived
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from aioesphomeapi import ButtonInfo
+import pytest
+
+from .state_utils import InitialStateHelper, SensorStateCollector, find_entity
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_uart_mock_ld2420(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test LD2420 energy mode: happy path, truncated frame, overflow, and recovery."""
+    # Replace external component path placeholder
+    external_components_path = str(
+        Path(__file__).parent / "fixtures" / "external_components"
+    )
+    yaml_config = yaml_config.replace(
+        "EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH", external_components_path
+    )
+
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+
+    # Track overflow warning in logs
+    overflow_seen = loop.create_future()
+
+    # Track "Energy frame too short" warning (PR #14458 bug #3 fix)
+    # This message ONLY exists after the fix. Pre-fix, handle_energy_mode_
+    # silently reads past the buffer without any warning.
+    truncated_frame_warning_seen = loop.create_future()
+
+    # Track TX data logged by the mock for assertions
+    tx_log_lines: list[str] = []
+
+    def line_callback(line: str) -> None:
+        if "Max command length exceeded" in line and not overflow_seen.done():
+            overflow_seen.set_result(True)
+        if "Energy frame too short" in line and not truncated_frame_warning_seen.done():
+            truncated_frame_warning_seen.set_result(True)
+        # Capture all TX log lines from uart_mock
+        if "uart_mock" in line and "TX " in line:
+            tx_log_lines.append(line)
+
+    collector = SensorStateCollector(
+        sensor_names=["moving_distance"],
+        binary_sensor_names=["has_target"],
+    )
+
+    # Signal when we see recovery frame values
+    recovery_received = collector.add_waiter(
+        lambda: pytest.approx(50.0) in collector.sensor_states["moving_distance"]
+    )
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=line_callback),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        entities, _ = await client.list_entities_services()
+        collector.build_key_mapping(entities)
+
+        # Set up initial state helper
+        initial_state_helper = InitialStateHelper(entities)
+        client.subscribe_states(
+            initial_state_helper.on_state_wrapper(collector.on_state)
+        )
+
+        try:
+            await initial_state_helper.wait_for_initial_states()
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail("Timeout waiting for initial states")
+
+        # Start the UART mock scenario now that we're subscribed
+        start_btn = find_entity(entities, "start_scenario", ButtonInfo)
+        assert start_btn is not None, "Start Scenario button not found"
+        client.button_command(start_btn.key)
+
+        # Wait for Phase 1 - all sensors and binary sensors have at least one value
+        try:
+            await collector.wait_for_all(timeout=3.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(
+                f"Timeout waiting for Phase 1 frame. Received:\n"
+                f"  sensor_states: {collector.sensor_states}\n"
+                f"  binary_states: {collector.binary_states}"
+            )
+
+        # Phase 1 values: moving=100, has_target=true
+        assert collector.sensor_states["moving_distance"][0] == pytest.approx(100.0)
+        assert collector.binary_states["has_target"][0] is True
+
+        # Wait for the recovery frame (Phase 5) to be parsed
+        # This proves the component survived garbage + truncated + overflow
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(recovery_received, timeout=5.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(
+                f"Timeout waiting for recovery frame. Received:\n"
+                f"  sensor_states: {collector.sensor_states}"
+            )
+
+        # Verify overflow warning was logged
+        assert overflow_seen.done(), (
+            "Expected 'Max command length exceeded' warning in logs"
+        )
+
+        # Verify truncated frame warning was logged (PR #14458 bug #3)
+        # This assertion FAILS before PR #14458 because the length check
+        # and warning message did not exist.
+        assert truncated_frame_warning_seen.done(), (
+            "Expected 'Energy frame too short' warning in logs. "
+            "This indicates PR #14458 fix for handle_energy_mode_ length "
+            "validation is missing."
+        )
+
+        # Verify LD2420 sent setup commands (TX logging)
+        assert len(tx_log_lines) > 0, "Expected TX log lines from uart_mock"
+        tx_data = " ".join(tx_log_lines)
+        # Verify command frame header appears (FD:FC:FB:FA)
+        assert "FD.FC.FB.FA" in tx_data or "FD:FC:FB:FA" in tx_data, (
+            "Expected LD2420 command frame header FD:FC:FB:FA in TX log"
+        )
+        # Verify command frame footer appears (04:03:02:01)
+        assert "04.03.02.01" in tx_data or "04:03:02:01" in tx_data, (
+            "Expected LD2420 command frame footer 04:03:02:01 in TX log"
+        )
+
+        # Recovery frame values (Phase 5, after overflow)
+        recovery_values = [
+            v
+            for v in collector.sensor_states["moving_distance"]
+            if v == pytest.approx(50.0)
+        ]
+        assert len(recovery_values) >= 1, (
+            f"Expected moving_distance=50 in recovery, got: {collector.sensor_states['moving_distance']}"
+        )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_uart_mock_ld2420_simple(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test LD2420 simple mode: happy path, overflow, and 16-digit bug trigger."""
+    external_components_path = str(
+        Path(__file__).parent / "fixtures" / "external_components"
+    )
+    yaml_config = yaml_config.replace(
+        "EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH", external_components_path
+    )
+
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+
+    # Track overflow warning in logs
+    overflow_seen = loop.create_future()
+
+    def line_callback(line: str) -> None:
+        if "Max command length exceeded" in line and not overflow_seen.done():
+            overflow_seen.set_result(True)
+
+    collector = SensorStateCollector(
+        sensor_names=["moving_distance"],
+        binary_sensor_names=["has_target"],
+    )
+
+    # Signal for recovery frames
+    recovery_received = collector.add_waiter(
+        lambda: pytest.approx(50.0) in collector.sensor_states["moving_distance"]
+    )
+    post_bug_received = collector.add_waiter(
+        lambda: pytest.approx(25.0) in collector.sensor_states["moving_distance"]
+    )
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=line_callback),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        entities, _ = await client.list_entities_services()
+        collector.build_key_mapping(entities)
+
+        initial_state_helper = InitialStateHelper(entities)
+        client.subscribe_states(
+            initial_state_helper.on_state_wrapper(collector.on_state)
+        )
+
+        try:
+            await initial_state_helper.wait_for_initial_states()
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail("Timeout waiting for initial states")
+
+        # Start the UART mock scenario now that we're subscribed
+        start_btn = find_entity(entities, "start_scenario", ButtonInfo)
+        assert start_btn is not None, "Start Scenario button not found"
+        client.button_command(start_btn.key)
+
+        # Wait for Phase 1 - all sensors and binary sensors have at least one value
+        try:
+            await collector.wait_for_all(timeout=3.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(
+                f"Timeout waiting for Phase 1 frame. Received:\n"
+                f"  sensor_states: {collector.sensor_states}\n"
+                f"  binary_states: {collector.binary_states}"
+            )
+
+        # Phase 1: simple mode "ON Range 0100\r\n" → distance=100, presence=true
+        assert collector.sensor_states["moving_distance"][0] == pytest.approx(100.0)
+        assert collector.binary_states["has_target"][0] is True
+
+        # Wait for Phase 4 recovery (distance=50) after overflow
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(recovery_received, timeout=5.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(
+                f"Timeout waiting for recovery frame. Received:\n"
+                f"  moving_distance: {collector.sensor_states['moving_distance']}"
+            )
+
+        # Verify overflow warning was logged
+        assert overflow_seen.done(), (
+            "Expected 'Max command length exceeded' warning in logs"
+        )
+
+        # Wait for Phase 6: distance=25 (post-16-digit-bug recovery)
+        # This assertion FAILS before PR #14458 because the 16-digit frame
+        # in Phase 5 causes an infinite loop in handle_simple_mode_ pre-fix.
+        # The binary hangs, Phase 6 never fires, and this wait times out.
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(post_bug_received, timeout=8.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(
+                f"Timeout waiting for post-bug recovery (distance=25). "
+                f"This likely means Phase 5 (16-digit frame) caused an infinite "
+                f"loop in handle_simple_mode_, indicating PR #14458 bug #1 fix "
+                f"is missing.\n"
+                f"  moving_distance values: {collector.sensor_states['moving_distance']}"
+            )
+
+        # Verify post-bug value
+        post_bug_values = [
+            v
+            for v in collector.sensor_states["moving_distance"]
+            if v == pytest.approx(25.0)
+        ]
+        assert len(post_bug_values) >= 1, (
+            f"Expected moving_distance=25 after 16-digit test, "
+            f"got: {collector.sensor_states['moving_distance']}"
+        )

From ea7cfffddaf60c5da30bf9dfa976fcf044477c06 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 02:40:13 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 446/609] Bump aioesphomeapi from 44.3.1 to 44.4.0 (#14609)

Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 requirements.txt | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index 8e875eba62..a1300a67f7 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ platformio==6.1.19
 esptool==5.2.0
 click==8.3.1
 esphome-dashboard==20260210.0
-aioesphomeapi==44.3.1
+aioesphomeapi==44.4.0
 zeroconf==0.148.0
 puremagic==1.30
 ruamel.yaml==0.19.1 # dashboard_import

From 66919ef969574f8e6553d2146089c41ee9cecd27 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2026 18:33:54 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 447/609] [i2s_audio] Include legacy driver IDF component when
 use_legacy is set (#14613)

---
 esphome/components/i2s_audio/__init__.py | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/i2s_audio/__init__.py b/esphome/components/i2s_audio/__init__.py
index 1cd2e97a5e..65b09b93f6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2s_audio/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/i2s_audio/__init__.py
@@ -281,6 +281,8 @@ async def to_code(config):
 
     if use_legacy():
         cg.add_define("USE_I2S_LEGACY")
+        # Legacy I2S API lives in the "driver" shim component (driver/i2s.h)
+        include_builtin_idf_component("driver")
 
     # Helps avoid callbacks being skipped due to processor load
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_I2S_ISR_IRAM_SAFE", True)

From d55fe9a34b50400347a7d57f6679dbbb514ea8ce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2026 18:34:35 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 448/609] [api] Fix value-initialization of DeviceInfoResponse
 (#14615)

Co-authored-by: Keith Burzinski <kbx81x@gmail.com>
---
 esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
index bd3de02895..b9b33ddcc2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
@@ -1571,7 +1571,7 @@ bool APIConnection::send_ping_response_() {
 }
 
 bool APIConnection::send_device_info_response_() {
-  DeviceInfoResponse resp{};
+  DeviceInfoResponse resp;
   resp.name = StringRef(App.get_name());
   resp.friendly_name = StringRef(App.get_friendly_name());
 #ifdef USE_AREAS

From 9fea8fe01b4c976caced70881cb986729768c305 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2026 23:50:36 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 449/609] [vbus][rf_bridge][sensirion_common] Add buffer size
 guards (#14597)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/rf_bridge/rf_bridge.cpp            | 3 +++
 esphome/components/rf_bridge/rf_bridge.h              | 1 +
 esphome/components/sensirion_common/i2c_sensirion.cpp | 2 +-
 esphome/components/vbus/vbus.cpp                      | 3 +++
 4 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/rf_bridge/rf_bridge.cpp b/esphome/components/rf_bridge/rf_bridge.cpp
index 700e2ba162..5ca629c12b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rf_bridge/rf_bridge.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rf_bridge/rf_bridge.cpp
@@ -145,6 +145,9 @@ void RFBridgeComponent::loop() {
     }
     avail -= to_read;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < to_read; i++) {
+      if (this->rx_buffer_.size() > MAX_RX_BUFFER_SIZE) {
+        this->rx_buffer_.clear();
+      }
       if (this->parse_bridge_byte_(buf[i])) {
         ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Parsed: 0x%02X", buf[i]);
         this->last_bridge_byte_ = now;
diff --git a/esphome/components/rf_bridge/rf_bridge.h b/esphome/components/rf_bridge/rf_bridge.h
index d2f75c819d..c93b636c38 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rf_bridge/rf_bridge.h
+++ b/esphome/components/rf_bridge/rf_bridge.h
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ static const uint8_t RF_CODE_RFIN_BUCKET = 0xB1;
 static const uint8_t RF_CODE_BEEP = 0xC0;
 static const uint8_t RF_CODE_STOP = 0x55;
 static const uint8_t RF_DEBOUNCE = 200;
+static const size_t MAX_RX_BUFFER_SIZE = 512;
 
 struct RFBridgeData {
   uint16_t sync;
diff --git a/esphome/components/sensirion_common/i2c_sensirion.cpp b/esphome/components/sensirion_common/i2c_sensirion.cpp
index 26702c148c..0279e08b9f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sensirion_common/i2c_sensirion.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sensirion_common/i2c_sensirion.cpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ static const char *const TAG = "sensirion_i2c";
 static const size_t BUFFER_STACK_SIZE = 16;
 
 bool SensirionI2CDevice::read_data(uint16_t *data, const uint8_t len) {
-  const uint8_t num_bytes = len * 3;
+  const size_t num_bytes = len * 3;
   uint8_t buf[num_bytes];
 
   this->last_error_ = this->read(buf, num_bytes);
diff --git a/esphome/components/vbus/vbus.cpp b/esphome/components/vbus/vbus.cpp
index 8616da010d..c6786ee31e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/vbus/vbus.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/vbus/vbus.cpp
@@ -87,6 +87,9 @@ void VBus::loop() {
           this->state_ = 0;
           ESP_LOGD(TAG, "P1 empty message");
         }
+      } else if (this->buffer_.size() > 15) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unknown protocol 0x%02x, discarding", this->protocol_);
+        this->state_ = 0;
       }
       continue;
     }

From be6c3c52ac89534f00e54dfa26974402d813a4bf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2026 18:59:13 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 450/609] [api] Add force proto field option to skip zero
 checks on hot path (#14610)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/api/api.proto         |  6 ++--
 esphome/components/api/api_options.proto |  6 ++++
 esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp       | 14 ++++-----
 script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py      | 38 ++++++++++++++++++++++--
 4 files changed, 52 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api.proto b/esphome/components/api/api.proto
index 618fd1b83c..257a7aaf82 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api.proto
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api.proto
@@ -1604,11 +1604,11 @@ message BluetoothLEAdvertisementResponse {
 }
 
 message BluetoothLERawAdvertisement {
-  uint64 address = 1;
-  sint32 rssi = 2;
+  uint64 address = 1 [(force) = true];
+  sint32 rssi = 2 [(force) = true];
   uint32 address_type = 3;
 
-  bytes data = 4 [(fixed_array_size) = 62];
+  bytes data = 4 [(fixed_array_size) = 62, (force) = true];
 }
 
 message BluetoothLERawAdvertisementsResponse {
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_options.proto b/esphome/components/api/api_options.proto
index a863f2c7a8..02600f0977 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_options.proto
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_options.proto
@@ -90,4 +90,10 @@ extend google.protobuf.FieldOptions {
     //   - uint16_t <field>_length_{0};
     //   - uint16_t <field>_count_{0};
     optional bool packed_buffer = 50015 [default=false];
+
+    // force: Always encode this field, even when its value equals the proto3 default.
+    // Skips the zero/empty check in calculate_size() and encode(), using the _force
+    // variant of the calc_ method. Use on fields that are almost always non-default
+    // to eliminate dead branches on hot paths.
+    optional bool force = 50016 [default=false];
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp
index 1944aac6e8..38ebfb9464 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ void DeviceInfoResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
   for (const auto &it : this->serial_proxies) {
-    buffer.encode_message(25, it);
+    buffer.encode_sub_message(25, it);
   }
 #endif
 }
@@ -2249,17 +2249,17 @@ bool SubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id,
   return true;
 }
 void BluetoothLERawAdvertisement::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
-  buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->address);
-  buffer.encode_sint32(2, this->rssi);
+  buffer.encode_uint64(1, this->address, true);
+  buffer.encode_sint32(2, this->rssi, true);
   buffer.encode_uint32(3, this->address_type);
-  buffer.encode_bytes(4, this->data, this->data_len);
+  buffer.encode_bytes(4, this->data, this->data_len, true);
 }
 uint32_t BluetoothLERawAdvertisement::calculate_size() const {
   uint32_t size = 0;
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint64(1, this->address);
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_sint32(1, this->rssi);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint64_force(1, this->address);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_sint32_force(1, this->rssi);
   size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->address_type);
-  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->data_len);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length_force(1, this->data_len);
   return size;
 }
 void BluetoothLERawAdvertisementsResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
diff --git a/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py b/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
index 7ae7063a41..206f8f558b 100755
--- a/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
+++ b/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
@@ -151,6 +151,11 @@ class TypeInfo(ABC):
         """Check if the field is repeated."""
         return self._field.label == FieldDescriptorProto.LABEL_REPEATED
 
+    @property
+    def force(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if this field should always be encoded (skip zero/empty check)."""
+        return get_field_opt(self._field, pb.force, False)
+
     @property
     def wire_type(self) -> WireType:
         """Get the wire type for the field."""
@@ -218,6 +223,8 @@ class TypeInfo(ABC):
 
     @property
     def encode_content(self) -> str:
+        if self.force:
+            return f"buffer.{self.encode_func}({self.number}, this->{self.field_name}, true);"
         return f"buffer.{self.encode_func}({self.number}, this->{self.field_name});"
 
     encode_func = None
@@ -413,6 +420,8 @@ class DoubleType(TypeInfo):
 
     def get_size_calculation(self, name: str, force: bool = False) -> str:
         field_id_size = self.calculate_field_id_size()
+        if force:
+            return f"size += {field_id_size + self.get_fixed_size_bytes()};"
         return f"size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed64({field_id_size}, {name});"
 
     def get_fixed_size_bytes(self) -> int:
@@ -437,6 +446,8 @@ class FloatType(TypeInfo):
 
     def get_size_calculation(self, name: str, force: bool = False) -> str:
         field_id_size = self.calculate_field_id_size()
+        if force:
+            return f"size += {field_id_size + self.get_fixed_size_bytes()};"
         return f"size += ProtoSize::calc_float({field_id_size}, {name});"
 
     def get_fixed_size_bytes(self) -> int:
@@ -521,6 +532,8 @@ class Fixed64Type(TypeInfo):
 
     def get_size_calculation(self, name: str, force: bool = False) -> str:
         field_id_size = self.calculate_field_id_size()
+        if force:
+            return f"size += {field_id_size + self.get_fixed_size_bytes()};"
         return f"size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed64({field_id_size}, {name});"
 
     def get_fixed_size_bytes(self) -> int:
@@ -545,6 +558,8 @@ class Fixed32Type(TypeInfo):
 
     def get_size_calculation(self, name: str, force: bool = False) -> str:
         field_id_size = self.calculate_field_id_size()
+        if force:
+            return f"size += {field_id_size + self.get_fixed_size_bytes()};"
         return f"size += ProtoSize::calc_fixed32({field_id_size}, {name});"
 
     def get_fixed_size_bytes(self) -> int:
@@ -607,6 +622,8 @@ class StringType(TypeInfo):
     @property
     def encode_content(self) -> str:
         # Use the StringRef
+        if self.force:
+            return f"buffer.encode_string({self.number}, this->{self.field_name}_ref_, true);"
         return f"buffer.encode_string({self.number}, this->{self.field_name}_ref_);"
 
     def dump(self, name):
@@ -694,7 +711,7 @@ class MessageType(TypeInfo):
 
     @property
     def encode_content(self) -> str:
-        # Singular message fields skip encoding when empty
+        # encode_sub_message always encodes (uses backpatch), no force needed
         return f"buffer.{self.encode_func}({self.number}, this->{self.field_name});"
 
     @property
@@ -771,6 +788,8 @@ class BytesType(TypeInfo):
 
     @property
     def encode_content(self) -> str:
+        if self.force:
+            return f"buffer.encode_bytes({self.number}, this->{self.field_name}_ptr_, this->{self.field_name}_len_, true);"
         return f"buffer.encode_bytes({self.number}, this->{self.field_name}_ptr_, this->{self.field_name}_len_);"
 
     def dump(self, name: str) -> str:
@@ -876,6 +895,8 @@ class PointerToBytesBufferType(PointerToBufferTypeBase):
 
     @property
     def encode_content(self) -> str:
+        if self.force:
+            return f"buffer.encode_bytes({self.number}, this->{self.field_name}, this->{self.field_name}_len, true);"
         return f"buffer.encode_bytes({self.number}, this->{self.field_name}, this->{self.field_name}_len);"
 
     @property
@@ -923,6 +944,10 @@ class PointerToStringBufferType(PointerToBufferTypeBase):
 
     @property
     def encode_content(self) -> str:
+        if self.force:
+            return (
+                f"buffer.encode_string({self.number}, this->{self.field_name}, true);"
+            )
         return f"buffer.encode_string({self.number}, this->{self.field_name});"
 
     @property
@@ -1086,6 +1111,8 @@ class FixedArrayBytesType(TypeInfo):
 
     @property
     def encode_content(self) -> str:
+        if self.force:
+            return f"buffer.encode_bytes({self.number}, this->{self.field_name}, this->{self.field_name}_len, true);"
         return f"buffer.encode_bytes({self.number}, this->{self.field_name}, this->{self.field_name}_len);"
 
     def dump(self, name: str) -> str:
@@ -1159,6 +1186,8 @@ class EnumType(TypeInfo):
 
     @property
     def encode_content(self) -> str:
+        if self.force:
+            return f"buffer.{self.encode_func}({self.number}, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->{self.field_name}), true);"
         return f"buffer.{self.encode_func}({self.number}, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->{self.field_name}));"
 
     def dump(self, name: str) -> str:
@@ -1192,6 +1221,8 @@ class SFixed32Type(TypeInfo):
 
     def get_size_calculation(self, name: str, force: bool = False) -> str:
         field_id_size = self.calculate_field_id_size()
+        if force:
+            return f"size += {field_id_size + self.get_fixed_size_bytes()};"
         return f"size += ProtoSize::calc_sfixed32({field_id_size}, {name});"
 
     def get_fixed_size_bytes(self) -> int:
@@ -1216,6 +1247,8 @@ class SFixed64Type(TypeInfo):
 
     def get_size_calculation(self, name: str, force: bool = False) -> str:
         field_id_size = self.calculate_field_id_size()
+        if force:
+            return f"size += {field_id_size + self.get_fixed_size_bytes()};"
         return f"size += ProtoSize::calc_sfixed64({field_id_size}, {name});"
 
     def get_fixed_size_bytes(self) -> int:
@@ -2134,7 +2167,8 @@ def build_message_type(
             encode.extend(wrap_with_ifdef(ti.encode_content, field_ifdef))
             size_calc.extend(
                 wrap_with_ifdef(
-                    ti.get_size_calculation(f"this->{ti.field_name}"), field_ifdef
+                    ti.get_size_calculation(f"this->{ti.field_name}", ti.force),
+                    field_ifdef,
                 )
             )
 

From 5e842a8b207230be2fd8db09baf5098f62767a21 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Keith Burzinski <kbx81x@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2026 23:23:13 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 451/609] [uart] Return `flush` result, expose timeout via
 config (#14608)

Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@koston.org>
Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci-lite[bot] <117423508+pre-commit-ci-lite[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.cpp           |  5 +++--
 esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.h             |  2 +-
 esphome/components/uart/__init__.py              |  6 ++++++
 esphome/components/uart/uart.h                   |  2 +-
 esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h         | 16 +++++++++++++++-
 .../components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.cpp   |  3 ++-
 esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.h |  2 +-
 .../components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp   | 13 +++++++++++--
 esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.h |  5 ++++-
 esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.cpp  |  5 +++--
 esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.h    |  2 +-
 .../components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.cpp |  3 ++-
 .../components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.h   |  2 +-
 .../components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.cpp    |  3 ++-
 esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.h  |  2 +-
 esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm.h     |  2 +-
 .../components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm_esp32.cpp | 11 ++++++++---
 esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp         |  5 ++++-
 esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h           |  2 +-
 esphome/components/weikai/weikai.cpp             |  5 +++--
 esphome/components/weikai/weikai.h               |  2 +-
 tests/components/ld2450/common.h                 |  2 +-
 tests/components/uart/common.h                   |  2 +-
 .../external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp  |  3 ++-
 .../external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.h    |  2 +-
 25 files changed, 77 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.cpp b/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.cpp
index d1710100a0..e38dc99802 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.cpp
@@ -100,16 +100,17 @@ size_t BLENUS::available() {
 #endif
 }
 
-void BLENUS::flush() {
+uart::FlushResult BLENUS::flush() {
   constexpr uint32_t timeout_5sec = 5000;
   uint32_t start = millis();
   while (atomic_get(&this->tx_status_) != TX_DISABLED && !ring_buf_is_empty(&global_ble_tx_ring_buf)) {
     if (millis() - start > timeout_5sec) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Flush timeout");
-      return;
+      return uart::FlushResult::TIMEOUT;
     }
     delay(1);
   }
+  return uart::FlushResult::SUCCESS;
 }
 
 void BLENUS::connected(bt_conn *conn, uint8_t err) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.h b/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.h
index 67e9ae9f97..b482c240e5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.h
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class BLENUS : public uart::UARTComponent, public Component {
   bool peek_byte(uint8_t *data) override;
   bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
   size_t available() override;
-  void flush() override;
+  uart::FlushResult flush() override;
   void check_logger_conflict() override {}
   void set_expose_log(bool expose_log) { this->expose_log_ = expose_log; }
 #ifdef USE_LOGGER
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/__init__.py b/esphome/components/uart/__init__.py
index 1b976b73a9..2cb6eac050 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/__init__.py
@@ -183,6 +183,7 @@ UART_PARITY_OPTIONS = {
     "ODD": UARTParityOptions.UART_CONFIG_PARITY_ODD,
 }
 
+CONF_FLUSH_TIMEOUT = "flush_timeout"
 CONF_RX_FULL_THRESHOLD = "rx_full_threshold"
 CONF_RX_TIMEOUT = "rx_timeout"
 
@@ -266,6 +267,9 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.SplitDefault(CONF_RX_TIMEOUT, esp32=2): cv.All(
                 cv.only_on_esp32, cv.validate_bytes, cv.int_range(min=0, max=92)
             ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_FLUSH_TIMEOUT): cv.All(
+                cv.only_on_esp32, cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds
+            ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_STOP_BITS, default=1): cv.one_of(1, 2, int=True),
             cv.Optional(CONF_DATA_BITS, default=8): cv.int_range(min=5, max=8),
             cv.Optional(CONF_PARITY, default="NONE"): cv.enum(
@@ -345,6 +349,8 @@ async def to_code(config):
             )
         cg.add(var.set_rx_full_threshold(config[CONF_RX_FULL_THRESHOLD]))
         cg.add(var.set_rx_timeout(config[CONF_RX_TIMEOUT]))
+        if CONF_FLUSH_TIMEOUT in config:
+            cg.add(var.set_flush_timeout(config[CONF_FLUSH_TIMEOUT]))
     cg.add(var.set_stop_bits(config[CONF_STOP_BITS]))
     cg.add(var.set_data_bits(config[CONF_DATA_BITS]))
     cg.add(var.set_parity(config[CONF_PARITY]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart.h b/esphome/components/uart/uart.h
index bb91e5cd7c..2c4fb34c9a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart.h
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class UARTDevice {
 
   size_t available() { return this->parent_->available(); }
 
-  void flush() { this->parent_->flush(); }
+  FlushResult flush() { return this->parent_->flush(); }
 
   // Compat APIs
   int read() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h
index 078ce64b30..3d7e71b89f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h
@@ -29,6 +29,14 @@ enum UARTDirection {
 
 const LogString *parity_to_str(UARTParityOptions parity);
 
+/// Result of a flush() call.
+enum class FlushResult {
+  SUCCESS,          ///< Confirmed: all bytes left the TX FIFO.
+  TIMEOUT,          ///< Confirmed: timed out before TX completed.
+  FAILED,           ///< Confirmed: driver or hardware error.
+  ASSUMED_SUCCESS,  ///< Platform cannot report result; success is assumed.
+};
+
 class UARTComponent {
  public:
   // Writes an array of bytes to the UART bus.
@@ -72,7 +80,13 @@ class UARTComponent {
   virtual size_t available() = 0;
 
   // Pure virtual method to block until all bytes have been written to the UART bus.
-  virtual void flush() = 0;
+  // @return FlushResult indicating whether the flush was confirmed, timed out, failed, or assumed successful.
+  virtual FlushResult flush() = 0;
+
+  // Sets the maximum time to wait for TX to drain during flush().
+  // Only meaningful on ESP32 (IDF). Other platforms ignore this value.
+  // @param flush_timeout_ms Timeout in milliseconds; 0 means wait indefinitely.
+  virtual void set_flush_timeout(uint32_t flush_timeout_ms) {}
 
   // Sets the TX (transmit) pin for the UART bus.
   // @param tx_pin Pointer to the internal GPIO pin used for transmission.
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.cpp
index 3ebf381c84..91218c4300 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.cpp
@@ -213,13 +213,14 @@ size_t ESP8266UartComponent::available() {
     return this->sw_serial_->available();
   }
 }
-void ESP8266UartComponent::flush() {
+FlushResult ESP8266UartComponent::flush() {
   ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "    Flushing");
   if (this->hw_serial_ != nullptr) {
     this->hw_serial_->flush();
   } else {
     this->sw_serial_->flush();
   }
+  return FlushResult::ASSUMED_SUCCESS;
 }
 void ESP8266SoftwareSerial::setup(InternalGPIOPin *tx_pin, InternalGPIOPin *rx_pin, uint32_t baud_rate,
                                   uint8_t stop_bits, uint32_t data_bits, UARTParityOptions parity,
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.h b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.h
index e84cbe386d..ca90dc5964 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.h
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class ESP8266UartComponent : public UARTComponent, public Component {
   bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
 
   size_t available() override;
-  void flush() override;
+  FlushResult flush() override;
 
   uint32_t get_config();
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp
index 544404448b..47ddf1a38d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp
@@ -230,6 +230,9 @@ void IDFUARTComponent::dump_config() {
                   "  RX Timeout: %u",
                   this->rx_buffer_size_, this->rx_full_threshold_, this->rx_timeout_);
   }
+  if (this->flush_timeout_ms_ > 0) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Flush Timeout: %" PRIu32 " ms", this->flush_timeout_ms_);
+  }
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "  Baud Rate: %" PRIu32 " baud\n"
                 "  Data Bits: %u\n"
@@ -332,9 +335,15 @@ size_t IDFUARTComponent::available() {
   return available;
 }
 
-void IDFUARTComponent::flush() {
+FlushResult IDFUARTComponent::flush() {
   ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "    Flushing");
-  uart_wait_tx_done(this->uart_num_, portMAX_DELAY);
+  TickType_t ticks = this->flush_timeout_ms_ == 0 ? portMAX_DELAY : pdMS_TO_TICKS(this->flush_timeout_ms_);
+  esp_err_t err = uart_wait_tx_done(this->uart_num_, ticks);
+  if (err == ESP_OK)
+    return FlushResult::SUCCESS;
+  if (err == ESP_ERR_TIMEOUT)
+    return FlushResult::TIMEOUT;
+  return FlushResult::FAILED;
 }
 
 void IDFUARTComponent::check_logger_conflict() {}
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.h b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.h
index 631bf54cd5..9fa2013cfd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.h
@@ -31,7 +31,9 @@ class IDFUARTComponent : public UARTComponent, public Component {
   bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
 
   size_t available() override;
-  void flush() override;
+  FlushResult flush() override;
+
+  void set_flush_timeout(uint32_t flush_timeout_ms) override { this->flush_timeout_ms_ = flush_timeout_ms; }
 
   uint8_t get_hw_serial_number() { return this->uart_num_; }
 
@@ -57,6 +59,7 @@ class IDFUARTComponent : public UARTComponent, public Component {
 
   bool has_peek_{false};
   uint8_t peek_byte_;
+  uint32_t flush_timeout_ms_{0};  ///< 0 means wait indefinitely (portMAX_DELAY).
 
 #ifdef USE_UART_WAKE_LOOP_ON_RX
   // ISR callback for UART RX data notification — wakes the main loop directly.
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.cpp
index 9dce25c500..66026f3ccd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.cpp
@@ -274,12 +274,13 @@ size_t HostUartComponent::available() {
   return result;
 };
 
-void HostUartComponent::flush() {
+FlushResult HostUartComponent::flush() {
   if (this->file_descriptor_ == -1) {
-    return;
+    return FlushResult::ASSUMED_SUCCESS;
   }
   tcflush(this->file_descriptor_, TCIOFLUSH);
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "    Flushing");
+  return FlushResult::ASSUMED_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 void HostUartComponent::update_error_(const std::string &error) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.h b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.h
index 89b951093b..c22efdcb92 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_host.h
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class HostUartComponent : public UARTComponent, public Component {
   bool peek_byte(uint8_t *data) override;
   bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
   size_t available() override;
-  void flush() override;
+  FlushResult flush() override;
   void set_name(std::string port_name) { port_name_ = port_name; };
 
  protected:
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.cpp
index 83d2acb332..6a550f296a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.cpp
@@ -170,9 +170,10 @@ bool LibreTinyUARTComponent::read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
 }
 
 size_t LibreTinyUARTComponent::available() { return this->serial_->available(); }
-void LibreTinyUARTComponent::flush() {
+FlushResult LibreTinyUARTComponent::flush() {
   ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "    Flushing");
   this->serial_->flush();
+  return FlushResult::ASSUMED_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 void LibreTinyUARTComponent::check_logger_conflict() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.h b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.h
index 31f082d31e..77df808067 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.h
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class LibreTinyUARTComponent : public UARTComponent, public Component {
   bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
 
   size_t available() override;
-  void flush() override;
+  FlushResult flush() override;
 
   uint16_t get_config();
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.cpp
index faf8f4d90f..858f1a02dd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.cpp
@@ -187,9 +187,10 @@ bool RP2040UartComponent::read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   return true;
 }
 size_t RP2040UartComponent::available() { return this->serial_->available(); }
-void RP2040UartComponent::flush() {
+FlushResult RP2040UartComponent::flush() {
   ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "    Flushing");
   this->serial_->flush();
+  return FlushResult::ASSUMED_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::uart
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.h b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.h
index 4ca58e8dc6..891212ca74 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.h
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class RP2040UartComponent : public UARTComponent, public Component {
   bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
 
   size_t available() override;
-  void flush() override;
+  FlushResult flush() override;
 
   uint16_t get_config();
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm.h b/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm.h
index ddcc65232d..624f41cf8c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm.h
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm.h
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ class USBCDCACMInstance : public uart::UARTComponent, public Parented<USBCDCACMC
   bool peek_byte(uint8_t *data) override;
   bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
   size_t available() override;
-  void flush() override;
+  uart::FlushResult flush() override;
 
  protected:
   void check_logger_conflict() override;
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm_esp32.cpp
index 44de986f9a..1a36ef9f31 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm_esp32.cpp
@@ -326,10 +326,10 @@ size_t USBCDCACMInstance::available() {
   return waiting + (this->has_peek_ ? 1 : 0);
 }
 
-void USBCDCACMInstance::flush() {
+uart::FlushResult USBCDCACMInstance::flush() {
   // Wait for TX ring buffer to be empty
   if (this->usb_tx_ringbuf_ == nullptr) {
-    return;
+    return uart::FlushResult::ASSUMED_SUCCESS;
   }
 
   UBaseType_t waiting = 1;
@@ -341,7 +341,12 @@ void USBCDCACMInstance::flush() {
   }
 
   // Also wait for USB to finish transmitting
-  tinyusb_cdcacm_write_flush(static_cast<tinyusb_cdcacm_itf_t>(this->itf_), pdMS_TO_TICKS(100));
+  esp_err_t err = tinyusb_cdcacm_write_flush(static_cast<tinyusb_cdcacm_itf_t>(this->itf_), pdMS_TO_TICKS(100));
+  if (err == ESP_OK)
+    return uart::FlushResult::SUCCESS;
+  if (err == ESP_ERR_TIMEOUT)
+    return uart::FlushResult::TIMEOUT;
+  return uart::FlushResult::FAILED;
 }
 
 void USBCDCACMInstance::check_logger_conflict() {}
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
index a1f8738491..a0101a5546 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ void USBUartChannel::write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   this->parent_->start_output(this);
 }
 
-void USBUartChannel::flush() {
+uart::FlushResult USBUartChannel::flush() {
   // Spin until the output queue is drained and the last USB transfer completes.
   // Safe to call from the main loop only.
   // The 100 ms timeout guards against a device that stops responding mid-flush;
@@ -177,6 +177,9 @@ void USBUartChannel::flush() {
     this->parent_->start_output(this);
     yield();
   }
+  if (!this->output_queue_.empty() || this->output_started_.load())
+    return uart::FlushResult::TIMEOUT;
+  return uart::FlushResult::SUCCESS;
 }
 
 bool USBUartChannel::peek_byte(uint8_t *data) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h
index 7290f8a958..671f0cab8c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ class USBUartChannel : public uart::UARTComponent, public Parented<USBUartCompon
   bool peek_byte(uint8_t *data) override;
   bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
   size_t available() override { return this->input_buffer_.get_available(); }
-  void flush() override;
+  uart::FlushResult flush() override;
   void check_logger_conflict() override {}
   void set_parity(UARTParityOptions parity) { this->parity_ = parity; }
   void set_debug(bool debug) { this->debug_ = debug; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/weikai/weikai.cpp b/esphome/components/weikai/weikai.cpp
index 3f5d6c787c..f01d164e9f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/weikai/weikai.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/weikai/weikai.cpp
@@ -433,15 +433,16 @@ void WeikaiChannel::write_array(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t length) {
   this->reg(0).write_fifo(const_cast<uint8_t *>(buffer), length);
 }
 
-void WeikaiChannel::flush() {
+uart::FlushResult WeikaiChannel::flush() {
   uint32_t const start_time = millis();
   while (this->tx_fifo_is_not_empty_()) {  // wait until buffer empty
     if (millis() - start_time > 200) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "WARNING flush timeout - still %d bytes not sent after 200 ms", this->tx_in_fifo_());
-      return;
+      return uart::FlushResult::TIMEOUT;
     }
     yield();  // reschedule our thread to avoid blocking
   }
+  return uart::FlushResult::SUCCESS;
 }
 
 size_t WeikaiChannel::xfer_fifo_to_buffer_() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/weikai/weikai.h b/esphome/components/weikai/weikai.h
index 43c3a1e4f4..715b82bfc7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/weikai/weikai.h
+++ b/esphome/components/weikai/weikai.h
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ class WeikaiChannel : public uart::UARTComponent {
   /// @details If we refer to Serial.flush() in Arduino it says: ** Waits for the transmission of outgoing serial data
   /// to complete. (Prior to Arduino 1.0, this the method was removing any buffered incoming serial data.). ** Therefore
   /// we wait until all bytes are gone with a timeout of 100 ms
-  void flush() override;
+  uart::FlushResult flush() override;
 
  protected:
   friend class WeikaiComponent;
diff --git a/tests/components/ld2450/common.h b/tests/components/ld2450/common.h
index d5ffbe1295..9f9e7b3e9f 100644
--- a/tests/components/ld2450/common.h
+++ b/tests/components/ld2450/common.h
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class MockUARTComponent : public uart::UARTComponent {
   MOCK_METHOD(bool, read_array, (uint8_t * data, size_t len), (override));
   MOCK_METHOD(bool, peek_byte, (uint8_t * data), (override));
   MOCK_METHOD(size_t, available, (), (override));
-  MOCK_METHOD(void, flush, (), (override));
+  MOCK_METHOD(uart::FlushResult, flush, (), (override));
   MOCK_METHOD(void, check_logger_conflict, (), (override));
 };
 
diff --git a/tests/components/uart/common.h b/tests/components/uart/common.h
index 1f9bfa15e7..f7e2d8a3f7 100644
--- a/tests/components/uart/common.h
+++ b/tests/components/uart/common.h
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class MockUARTComponent : public UARTComponent {
   MOCK_METHOD(bool, read_array, (uint8_t * data, size_t len), (override));
   MOCK_METHOD(bool, peek_byte, (uint8_t * data), (override));
   MOCK_METHOD(size_t, available, (), (override));
-  MOCK_METHOD(void, flush, (), (override));
+  MOCK_METHOD(FlushResult, flush, (), (override));
   MOCK_METHOD(void, check_logger_conflict, (), (override));
 };
 
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp
index e8c07d632d..1edeb97cf1 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp
@@ -144,8 +144,9 @@ bool MockUartComponent::read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
 
 size_t MockUartComponent::available() { return this->rx_buffer_.size(); }
 
-void MockUartComponent::flush() {
+uart::FlushResult MockUartComponent::flush() {
   // Nothing to flush in mock
+  return uart::FlushResult::ASSUMED_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 void MockUartComponent::set_rx_full_threshold(size_t rx_full_threshold) {
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.h b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.h
index 901e371dec..c9afb96357 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.h
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.h
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class MockUartComponent : public uart::UARTComponent, public Component {
   bool peek_byte(uint8_t *data) override;
   bool read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
   size_t available() override;
-  void flush() override;
+  uart::FlushResult flush() override;
   void set_rx_full_threshold(size_t rx_full_threshold) override;
   void set_rx_timeout(size_t rx_timeout) override;
 

From 04cff1c916ece7a8abe16a17f0c8bc4e07628d56 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Keith Burzinski <kbx81x@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 00:04:14 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 452/609] [usb_uart] Return `flush` result, expose timeout via
 config (#14616)

---
 esphome/components/usb_uart/__init__.py  |  6 +++++-
 esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp | 10 ++++++----
 esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h   | 11 ++++++-----
 3 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/__init__.py b/esphome/components/usb_uart/__init__.py
index eedf590eca..2d85723d72 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/__init__.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import socket
 from esphome.components.const import CONF_DATA_BITS, CONF_PARITY, CONF_STOP_BITS
-from esphome.components.uart import CONF_DEBUG_PREFIX, UARTComponent
+from esphome.components.uart import CONF_DEBUG_PREFIX, CONF_FLUSH_TIMEOUT, UARTComponent
 from esphome.components.usb_host import register_usb_client, usb_device_schema
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
@@ -91,6 +91,9 @@ def channel_schema(channels, baud_rate_required):
                             cv.Optional(CONF_DUMMY_RECEIVER, default=False): cv.boolean,
                             cv.Optional(CONF_DEBUG, default=False): cv.boolean,
                             cv.Optional(CONF_DEBUG_PREFIX, default=""): cv.string,
+                            cv.Optional(
+                                CONF_FLUSH_TIMEOUT, default="100ms"
+                            ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
                         }
                     )
                 ),
@@ -129,6 +132,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             cg.add(chvar.set_parity(channel[CONF_PARITY]))
             cg.add(chvar.set_baud_rate(channel[CONF_BAUD_RATE]))
             cg.add(chvar.set_dummy_receiver(channel[CONF_DUMMY_RECEIVER]))
+            cg.add(chvar.set_flush_timeout(channel[CONF_FLUSH_TIMEOUT]))
             cg.add(chvar.set_debug(channel[CONF_DEBUG]))
             if channel[CONF_DEBUG_PREFIX]:
                 cg.add(chvar.set_debug_prefix(channel[CONF_DEBUG_PREFIX]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
index a0101a5546..83de0b39fc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
@@ -169,10 +169,10 @@ void USBUartChannel::write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
 uart::FlushResult USBUartChannel::flush() {
   // Spin until the output queue is drained and the last USB transfer completes.
   // Safe to call from the main loop only.
-  // The 100 ms timeout guards against a device that stops responding mid-flush;
+  // The flush_timeout_ms_ timeout guards against a device that stops responding mid-flush;
   // in that case the main loop is blocked for the full duration.
-  uint32_t start = millis();  // 100 ms safety timeout
-  while ((!this->output_queue_.empty() || this->output_started_.load()) && millis() - start < 100) {
+  uint32_t start = millis();
+  while ((!this->output_queue_.empty() || this->output_started_.load()) && millis() - start < this->flush_timeout_ms_) {
     // Kick start_output() in case data arrived but no transfer is in flight yet.
     this->parent_->start_output(this);
     yield();
@@ -260,10 +260,12 @@ void USBUartComponent::dump_config() {
                   "    Data Bits: %u\n"
                   "    Parity: %s\n"
                   "    Stop bits: %s\n"
+                  "    Flush Timeout: %" PRIu32 " ms\n"
                   "    Debug: %s\n"
                   "    Dummy receiver: %s",
                   channel->index_, channel->baud_rate_, channel->data_bits_, PARITY_NAMES[channel->parity_],
-                  STOP_BITS_NAMES[channel->stop_bits_], YESNO(channel->debug_), YESNO(channel->dummy_receiver_));
+                  STOP_BITS_NAMES[channel->stop_bits_], channel->flush_timeout_ms_, YESNO(channel->debug_),
+                  YESNO(channel->dummy_receiver_));
   }
 }
 void USBUartComponent::start_input(USBUartChannel *channel) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h
index 671f0cab8c..b1748aebf2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h
@@ -116,6 +116,7 @@ class USBUartChannel : public uart::UARTComponent, public Parented<USBUartCompon
   void set_debug(bool debug) { this->debug_ = debug; }
   void set_dummy_receiver(bool dummy_receiver) { this->dummy_receiver_ = dummy_receiver; }
   void set_debug_prefix(const char *prefix) { this->debug_prefix_ = StringRef(prefix); }
+  void set_flush_timeout(uint32_t flush_timeout_ms) override { this->flush_timeout_ms_ = flush_timeout_ms; }
 
   /// Register a callback invoked immediately after data is pushed to the input ring buffer.
   /// Called from USBUartComponent::loop() in the main loop context.
@@ -124,23 +125,23 @@ class USBUartChannel : public uart::UARTComponent, public Parented<USBUartCompon
   void set_rx_callback(std::function<void()> cb) { this->rx_callback_ = std::move(cb); }
 
  protected:
-  // Larger structures first for better alignment
+  // Larger structures first (8+ bytes)
   RingBuffer input_buffer_;
   LockFreeQueue<UsbOutputChunk, USB_OUTPUT_CHUNK_COUNT> output_queue_;
   EventPool<UsbOutputChunk, USB_OUTPUT_CHUNK_COUNT> output_pool_;
   std::function<void()> rx_callback_{};
   CdcEps cdc_dev_{};
-  // Enum (likely 4 bytes)
+  StringRef debug_prefix_{};
+  // 4-byte fields
   UARTParityOptions parity_{UART_CONFIG_PARITY_NONE};
-  // Group atomics together (each 1 byte)
+  uint32_t flush_timeout_ms_{100};
+  // 1-byte fields (no padding between groups)
   std::atomic<bool> input_started_{true};
   std::atomic<bool> output_started_{true};
   std::atomic<bool> initialised_{false};
-  // Group regular bytes together to minimize padding
   const uint8_t index_;
   bool debug_{};
   bool dummy_receiver_{};
-  StringRef debug_prefix_{};
 };
 
 class USBUartComponent : public usb_host::USBClient {

From e4b89a69d4aba18e05b0a965e98e5f242637daf2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: tomaszduda23 <tomaszduda23@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 07:32:20 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 453/609] [nrf52, ota] ble and serial OTA based on mcumgr
 (#11932)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@koston.org>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick+github@koston.org>
Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci-lite[bot] <117423508+pre-commit-ci-lite[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 CODEOWNERS                                    |   1 +
 esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py          |  46 +++++-
 esphome/components/ota/__init__.py            |   9 +-
 esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.cpp    |  15 +-
 esphome/components/zephyr_mcumgr/__init__.py  |   0
 .../components/zephyr_mcumgr/ota/__init__.py  | 141 +++++++++++++++++
 .../zephyr_mcumgr/ota/ota_zephyr_mcumgr.cpp   | 143 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../zephyr_mcumgr/ota/ota_zephyr_mcumgr.h     |  29 ++++
 esphome/core/defines.h                        |   1 +
 script/helpers_zephyr.py                      |  16 ++
 tests/components/ota/test.nrf52-mcumgr.yaml   |  27 ++++
 11 files changed, 422 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/zephyr_mcumgr/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/zephyr_mcumgr/ota/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/zephyr_mcumgr/ota/ota_zephyr_mcumgr.cpp
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/zephyr_mcumgr/ota/ota_zephyr_mcumgr.h
 create mode 100644 tests/components/ota/test.nrf52-mcumgr.yaml

diff --git a/CODEOWNERS b/CODEOWNERS
index 8bf896d159..d60dbc729d 100644
--- a/CODEOWNERS
+++ b/CODEOWNERS
@@ -587,6 +587,7 @@ esphome/components/xl9535/* @mreditor97
 esphome/components/xpt2046/touchscreen/* @nielsnl68 @numo68
 esphome/components/xxtea/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/zephyr/* @tomaszduda23
+esphome/components/zephyr_mcumgr/ota/* @tomaszduda23
 esphome/components/zhlt01/* @cfeenstra1024
 esphome/components/zigbee/* @tomaszduda23
 esphome/components/zio_ultrasonic/* @kahrendt
diff --git a/esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py b/esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py
index 0a9fb5939a..c3a10a9944 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py
@@ -27,10 +27,15 @@ from esphome.components.zephyr.const import (
 )
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ADVANCED,
     CONF_BOARD,
+    CONF_DISABLED,
+    CONF_ENABLE_OTA_ROLLBACK,
     CONF_FRAMEWORK,
     CONF_ID,
+    CONF_OTA,
     CONF_RESET_PIN,
+    CONF_SAFE_MODE,
     CONF_VERSION,
     CONF_VOLTAGE,
     KEY_CORE,
@@ -41,6 +46,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     ThreadModel,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, EsphomeError, coroutine_with_priority
+import esphome.final_validate as fv
 from esphome.storage_json import StorageJSON
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
@@ -133,6 +139,7 @@ CONF_UICR_ERASE = "uicr_erase"
 
 VOLTAGE_LEVELS = [1.8, 2.1, 2.4, 2.7, 3.0, 3.3]
 
+
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     _detect_bootloader,
     set_core_data,
@@ -156,9 +163,19 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                     cv.Optional(CONF_UICR_ERASE, default=False): cv.boolean,
                 }
             ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_FRAMEWORK, default={CONF_VERSION: "2.6.1-a"}): cv.Schema(
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_FRAMEWORK,
+                default={},
+            ): cv.Schema(
                 {
-                    cv.Required(CONF_VERSION): cv.string_strict,
+                    cv.Optional(CONF_VERSION, default="2.6.1-a"): cv.string_strict,
+                    cv.Optional(CONF_ADVANCED, default={}): cv.Schema(
+                        {
+                            cv.Optional(
+                                CONF_ENABLE_OTA_ROLLBACK, default=True
+                            ): cv.boolean,
+                        }
+                    ),
                 }
             ),
             cv.GenerateID(CONF_CDC_ACM): cv.declare_id(CdcAcm),
@@ -181,6 +198,24 @@ def _final_validate(config):
         _LOGGER.warning(
             "Selected generic Adafruit bootloader. The board might crash. Consider settings `bootloader:`"
         )
+    full_config = fv.full_config.get()
+    conf = config[CONF_FRAMEWORK]
+    advanced = conf[CONF_ADVANCED]
+
+    if advanced[CONF_ENABLE_OTA_ROLLBACK]:
+        # "disabled: false" means safe mode *is* enabled.
+        safe_mode_config = full_config.get(CONF_SAFE_MODE, {CONF_DISABLED: True})
+        safe_mode_enabled = not safe_mode_config[CONF_DISABLED]
+        ota_enabled = CONF_OTA in full_config
+        # Both need to be enabled for rollback to work
+        if not (ota_enabled and safe_mode_enabled):
+            # But only warn if ota is even possible
+            if ota_enabled:
+                _LOGGER.warning(
+                    "OTA rollback requires safe_mode, disabling rollback support"
+                )
+            # disable the rollback feature anyway since it can't be used.
+            advanced[CONF_ENABLE_OTA_ROLLBACK] = False
 
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
@@ -247,6 +282,11 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         if reg0_config[CONF_UICR_ERASE]:
             cg.add_define("USE_NRF52_UICR_ERASE")
 
+    conf = config[CONF_FRAMEWORK]
+    advanced = conf[CONF_ADVANCED]
+    # Enable OTA rollback support
+    if advanced[CONF_ENABLE_OTA_ROLLBACK]:
+        cg.add_define("USE_OTA_ROLLBACK")
     # c++ support
     if framework_ver < cv.Version(2, 9, 2):
         zephyr_add_prj_conf("CPLUSPLUS", True)
@@ -259,7 +299,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     zephyr_add_prj_conf("WDT_DISABLE_AT_BOOT", False)
     # disable console
     zephyr_add_prj_conf("UART_CONSOLE", False)
-    zephyr_add_prj_conf("CONSOLE", False)
+    zephyr_add_prj_conf("CONSOLE", False, False)
     # use NFC pins as GPIO
     if framework_ver < cv.Version(2, 9, 2):
         zephyr_add_prj_conf("NFCT_PINS_AS_GPIOS", True)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ota/__init__.py
index ee54d5f8d3..8f31eb5cdd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/__init__.py
@@ -18,7 +18,14 @@ from esphome.coroutine import CoroPriority
 OTA_STATE_LISTENER_KEY = "ota_state_listener"
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
-AUTO_LOAD = ["md5", "safe_mode"]
+
+
+def AUTO_LOAD() -> list[str]:
+    components = ["safe_mode"]
+    if not CORE.using_zephyr:
+        components.extend(["md5"])
+    return components
+
 
 IS_PLATFORM_COMPONENT = True
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.cpp b/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.cpp
index fe2acd9612..40fa03392b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/safe_mode/safe_mode.cpp
@@ -9,10 +9,14 @@
 #include <cinttypes>
 #include <cstdio>
 
-#if defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_OTA_ROLLBACK)
+#ifdef USE_OTA_ROLLBACK
+#ifdef USE_ZEPHYR
+#include <zephyr/dfu/mcuboot.h>
+#elif defined(USE_ESP32)
 #include <esp_ota_ops.h>
 #include <esp_system.h>
 #endif
+#endif
 
 namespace esphome::safe_mode {
 
@@ -66,9 +70,16 @@ float SafeModeComponent::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::AFT
 void SafeModeComponent::mark_successful() {
   this->clean_rtc();
   this->boot_successful_ = true;
-#if defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_OTA_ROLLBACK)
+#if defined(USE_OTA_ROLLBACK)
+// Mark OTA partition as valid to prevent rollback
+#if defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
+  if (!boot_is_img_confirmed()) {
+    boot_write_img_confirmed();
+  }
+#elif defined(USE_ESP32)
   // Mark OTA partition as valid to prevent rollback
   esp_ota_mark_app_valid_cancel_rollback();
+#endif
 #endif
   // Disable loop since we no longer need to check
   this->disable_loop();
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr_mcumgr/__init__.py b/esphome/components/zephyr_mcumgr/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr_mcumgr/ota/__init__.py b/esphome/components/zephyr_mcumgr/ota/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b0d86190b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr_mcumgr/ota/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components.ota import BASE_OTA_SCHEMA, OTAComponent, ota_to_code
+from esphome.components.zephyr import (
+    zephyr_add_cdc_acm,
+    zephyr_add_overlay,
+    zephyr_add_prj_conf,
+    zephyr_data,
+)
+from esphome.components.zephyr.const import BOOTLOADER_MCUBOOT, KEY_BOOTLOADER
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_HARDWARE_UART, CONF_ID, Framework
+from esphome.core import CORE, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.coroutine import CoroPriority
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@tomaszduda23"]
+DEPENDENCIES = ["zephyr"]
+
+ZephyrMcumgrOTAComponent = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("zephyr_mcumgr").class_(
+    "OTAComponent", OTAComponent
+)
+
+CONF_BLE = "ble"
+CONF_TRANSPORT = "transport"
+
+
+def _validate_transport(conf: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    transport = conf[CONF_TRANSPORT]
+    if transport[CONF_BLE] or CONF_HARDWARE_UART in transport:
+        return conf
+    raise cv.Invalid(
+        f"At least one transport protocol has to be enabled. Set '{CONF_BLE}: true' or '{CONF_HARDWARE_UART}'"
+    )
+
+
+UARTS = {
+    "CDC": ("cdc_acm_uart0", 0),
+    "CDC1": ("cdc_acm_uart1", 1),
+    "UART0": ("uart0", -1),
+    "UART1": ("uart1", -1),
+}
+
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(ZephyrMcumgrOTAComponent),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TRANSPORT, default={CONF_BLE: True}): cv.Schema(
+                {
+                    cv.Optional(CONF_BLE, default=False): cv.boolean,
+                    cv.Optional(
+                        CONF_HARDWARE_UART,
+                    ): cv.one_of(*UARTS, upper=True),
+                }
+            ),
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(BASE_OTA_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
+    _validate_transport,
+    cv.only_with_framework(Framework.ZEPHYR),
+)
+
+
+def _validate_mcumgr_bootloader(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    bootloader = zephyr_data()[KEY_BOOTLOADER]
+    if bootloader != BOOTLOADER_MCUBOOT:
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"'{bootloader}' bootloader does not support OTA")
+
+
+KEY_ZEPHYR_BLE_SERVER = "zephyr_ble_server"
+
+
+def _validate_ble_server(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    if (
+        config[CONF_TRANSPORT][CONF_BLE]
+        and KEY_ZEPHYR_BLE_SERVER not in CORE.loaded_integrations
+    ):
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"'{KEY_ZEPHYR_BLE_SERVER}' component is required for BLE OTA")
+
+
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    _validate_mcumgr_bootloader(config)
+    _validate_ble_server(config)
+
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
+
+
+@coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.OTA_UPDATES)
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await ota_to_code(var, config)
+
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+
+    zephyr_add_prj_conf("NET_BUF", True)
+    zephyr_add_prj_conf("ZCBOR", True)
+    zephyr_add_prj_conf("MCUMGR", True)
+
+    zephyr_add_prj_conf("MCUMGR_GRP_IMG", True)
+
+    zephyr_add_prj_conf("IMG_MANAGER", True)
+    zephyr_add_prj_conf("STREAM_FLASH", True)
+    zephyr_add_prj_conf("FLASH_MAP", True)
+    zephyr_add_prj_conf("FLASH", True)
+
+    zephyr_add_prj_conf("IMG_ERASE_PROGRESSIVELY", True)
+
+    zephyr_add_prj_conf("BOOTLOADER_MCUBOOT", True)
+
+    zephyr_add_prj_conf("MCUMGR_MGMT_NOTIFICATION_HOOKS", True)
+    zephyr_add_prj_conf("MCUMGR_GRP_IMG_STATUS_HOOKS", True)
+    zephyr_add_prj_conf("MCUMGR_GRP_IMG_UPLOAD_CHECK_HOOK", True)
+    transport = config[CONF_TRANSPORT]
+    if transport[CONF_BLE]:
+        zephyr_add_prj_conf("MCUMGR_TRANSPORT_BT", True)
+        zephyr_add_prj_conf("MCUMGR_TRANSPORT_BT_REASSEMBLY", True)
+
+        zephyr_add_prj_conf("MCUMGR_GRP_OS", True)
+        zephyr_add_prj_conf("MCUMGR_GRP_OS_MCUMGR_PARAMS", True)
+
+        zephyr_add_prj_conf("NCS_SAMPLE_MCUMGR_BT_OTA_DFU_SPEEDUP", True)
+    if CONF_HARDWARE_UART in transport:
+        uart = UARTS[transport[CONF_HARDWARE_UART]]
+        uart_name = uart[0]
+        cdc_id = uart[1]
+        if cdc_id >= 0:
+            zephyr_add_cdc_acm(config, cdc_id)
+        zephyr_add_prj_conf("MCUMGR_TRANSPORT_UART", True)
+        zephyr_add_prj_conf("BASE64", True)
+        zephyr_add_prj_conf("CONSOLE", True)
+        zephyr_add_overlay(
+            f"""
+                / {{
+                    chosen {{
+                        zephyr,uart-mcumgr = &{uart_name};
+                    }};
+                }};
+                """
+        )
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr_mcumgr/ota/ota_zephyr_mcumgr.cpp b/esphome/components/zephyr_mcumgr/ota/ota_zephyr_mcumgr.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f1eac462bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr_mcumgr/ota/ota_zephyr_mcumgr.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+#ifdef USE_ZEPHYR
+#include "ota_zephyr_mcumgr.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include <zephyr/sys/math_extras.h>
+#include <zephyr/usb/usb_device.h>
+#include <zephyr/dfu/mcuboot.h>
+
+// It should be from below header but there is problem with internal includes.
+// #include <zephyr/mgmt/mcumgr/grp/img_mgmt/img_mgmt.h>
+// NOLINTBEGIN(readability-identifier-naming,google-runtime-int)
+struct img_mgmt_upload_action {
+  /** The total size of the image. */
+  unsigned long long size;
+};
+
+struct img_mgmt_upload_req {
+  uint32_t image; /* 0 by default */
+  size_t off;     /* SIZE_MAX if unspecified */
+};
+// NOLINTEND(readability-identifier-naming,google-runtime-int)
+
+namespace esphome::zephyr_mcumgr {
+
+static_assert(sizeof(struct img_mgmt_upload_action) == 8, "ABI mismatch");
+static_assert(sizeof(struct img_mgmt_upload_req) == 8, "ABI mismatch");
+static_assert(offsetof(struct img_mgmt_upload_req, image) == 0, "ABI mismatch");
+static_assert(offsetof(struct img_mgmt_upload_req, off) == 4, "ABI mismatch");
+
+static const char *const TAG = "zephyr_mcumgr";
+static OTAComponent *global_ota_component;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+
+static enum mgmt_cb_return mcumgr_img_mgmt_cb(uint32_t event, enum mgmt_cb_return prev_status, int32_t *rc,
+                                              uint16_t *group, bool *abort_more, void *data, size_t data_size) {
+  if (MGMT_EVT_OP_IMG_MGMT_DFU_CHUNK == event) {
+    const img_mgmt_upload_check &upload = *static_cast<img_mgmt_upload_check *>(data);
+    global_ota_component->update_chunk(upload);
+  } else if (MGMT_EVT_OP_IMG_MGMT_DFU_STARTED == event) {
+    global_ota_component->update_started();
+  } else if (MGMT_EVT_OP_IMG_MGMT_DFU_CHUNK_WRITE_COMPLETE == event) {
+    global_ota_component->update_chunk_wrote();
+  } else if (MGMT_EVT_OP_IMG_MGMT_DFU_PENDING == event) {
+    global_ota_component->update_pending();
+  } else if (MGMT_EVT_OP_IMG_MGMT_DFU_STOPPED == event) {
+    global_ota_component->update_stopped();
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "MCUmgr Image Management Event with the %d ID", u32_count_trailing_zeros(MGMT_EVT_GET_ID(event)));
+  }
+  return MGMT_CB_OK;
+}
+
+OTAComponent::OTAComponent() { global_ota_component = this; }
+
+void OTAComponent::setup() {
+  this->img_mgmt_callback_.callback = mcumgr_img_mgmt_cb;
+  this->img_mgmt_callback_.event_id = MGMT_EVT_OP_IMG_MGMT_ALL;
+  mgmt_callback_register(&this->img_mgmt_callback_);
+#ifdef CONFIG_USB_DEVICE_STACK
+  usb_enable(nullptr);
+#endif
+// Handle OTA rollback: mark partition valid immediately unless USE_OTA_ROLLBACK is enabled,
+// in which case safe_mode will mark it valid after confirming successful boot.
+#ifndef USE_OTA_ROLLBACK
+  if (!boot_is_img_confirmed()) {
+    boot_write_img_confirmed();
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+#ifdef ESPHOME_LOG_HAS_CONFIG
+static const char *swap_type_str(uint8_t type) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case BOOT_SWAP_TYPE_NONE:
+      return "none";
+    case BOOT_SWAP_TYPE_TEST:
+      return "test";
+    case BOOT_SWAP_TYPE_PERM:
+      return "perm";
+    case BOOT_SWAP_TYPE_REVERT:
+      return "revert";
+    case BOOT_SWAP_TYPE_FAIL:
+      return "fail";
+  }
+
+  return "unknown";
+}
+#endif
+
+void OTAComponent::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "Over-The-Air Updates:\n"
+                "  swap type after reboot: %s\n"
+                "  image confirmed: %s",
+                swap_type_str(mcuboot_swap_type()), YESNO(boot_is_img_confirmed()));
+}
+
+void OTAComponent::update_chunk(const img_mgmt_upload_check &upload) {
+  float percentage = (upload.req->off * 100.0f) / upload.action->size;
+  this->defer([this, percentage]() { this->percentage_ = percentage; });
+}
+
+void OTAComponent::update_started() {
+  this->defer([this]() {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Starting update");
+#ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+    this->notify_state_(ota::OTA_STARTED, 0.0f, 0);
+#endif
+  });
+}
+
+void OTAComponent::update_chunk_wrote() {
+  uint32_t now = millis();
+  if (now - this->last_progress_ > 1000) {
+    this->last_progress_ = now;
+    this->defer([this]() {
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "OTA in progress: %0.1f%%", this->percentage_);
+#ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+      this->notify_state_(ota::OTA_IN_PROGRESS, this->percentage_, 0);
+#endif
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+void OTAComponent::update_pending() {
+  this->defer([this]() {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "OTA pending");
+#ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+    this->notify_state_(ota::OTA_COMPLETED, 100.0f, 0);
+#endif
+  });
+}
+
+void OTAComponent::update_stopped() {
+  this->defer([this]() {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "OTA stopped");
+#ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
+    this->notify_state_(ota::OTA_ERROR, 0.0f, static_cast<uint8_t>(ota::OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_UNKNOWN));
+#endif
+  });
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::zephyr_mcumgr
+#endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr_mcumgr/ota/ota_zephyr_mcumgr.h b/esphome/components/zephyr_mcumgr/ota/ota_zephyr_mcumgr.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ab98f93598
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr_mcumgr/ota/ota_zephyr_mcumgr.h
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#ifdef USE_ZEPHYR
+#include "esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h"
+#include <zephyr/mgmt/mcumgr/mgmt/callbacks.h>
+
+struct img_mgmt_upload_check;
+
+namespace esphome::zephyr_mcumgr {
+
+class OTAComponent : public ota::OTAComponent {
+ public:
+  OTAComponent();
+  void setup() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  void update_chunk(const img_mgmt_upload_check &upload);
+  void update_started();
+  void update_chunk_wrote();
+  void update_pending();
+  void update_stopped();
+
+ protected:
+  uint32_t last_progress_ = 0;
+  float percentage_ = 0;
+  mgmt_callback img_mgmt_callback_{};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::zephyr_mcumgr
+#endif
diff --git a/esphome/core/defines.h b/esphome/core/defines.h
index c5f38ab9aa..48c467f69f 100644
--- a/esphome/core/defines.h
+++ b/esphome/core/defines.h
@@ -367,6 +367,7 @@
 #define USE_NRF52_DFU
 #define USE_NRF52_REG0_VOUT 5
 #define USE_NRF52_UICR_ERASE
+#define USE_OTA_ROLLBACK
 #define USE_SOFTDEVICE_ID 7
 #define USE_SOFTDEVICE_VERSION 1
 #define USE_ZIGBEE
diff --git a/script/helpers_zephyr.py b/script/helpers_zephyr.py
index 1242a60cf4..66ef6ffc98 100644
--- a/script/helpers_zephyr.py
+++ b/script/helpers_zephyr.py
@@ -28,6 +28,22 @@ extern "C" void zboss_signal_handler() {};
 CONFIG_NEWLIB_LIBC=y
 CONFIG_BT=y
 CONFIG_ADC=y
+#mcumgr begin
+CONFIG_NET_BUF=y
+CONFIG_ZCBOR=y
+CONFIG_MCUMGR=y
+CONFIG_MCUMGR_GRP_IMG=y
+CONFIG_IMG_MANAGER=y
+CONFIG_STREAM_FLASH=y
+CONFIG_FLASH_MAP=y
+CONFIG_FLASH=y
+CONFIG_IMG_ERASE_PROGRESSIVELY=y
+CONFIG_BOOTLOADER_MCUBOOT=y
+CONFIG_MCUMGR_MGMT_NOTIFICATION_HOOKS=y
+CONFIG_MCUMGR_GRP_IMG_STATUS_HOOKS=y
+CONFIG_MCUMGR_GRP_IMG_UPLOAD_CHECK_HOOK=y
+CONFIG_MCUMGR_TRANSPORT_UART=y
+#mcumgr end
 #zigbee begin
 CONFIG_ZIGBEE=y
 CONFIG_CRYPTO=y
diff --git a/tests/components/ota/test.nrf52-mcumgr.yaml b/tests/components/ota/test.nrf52-mcumgr.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1e7986f61a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ota/test.nrf52-mcumgr.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+zephyr_ble_server:
+
+ota:
+  - platform: zephyr_mcumgr
+    transport:
+      ble: true
+      hardware_uart: CDC
+    on_begin:
+      then:
+        - logger.log: "OTA start"
+    on_progress:
+      then:
+        - logger.log:
+            format: "OTA progress %0.1f%%"
+            args: ["x"]
+    on_end:
+      then:
+        - logger.log: "OTA end"
+    on_error:
+      then:
+        - logger.log:
+            format: "OTA update error %d"
+            args: ["x"]
+    on_state_change:
+      then:
+        lambda: >-
+          ESP_LOGD("ota", "State %d", state);

From d9e76da8064ba955c2406d13e07e1377ca77ea9d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 07:59:25 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 454/609] Bump aioesphomeapi from 44.4.0 to 44.5.0 (#14617)

Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 requirements.txt | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index a1300a67f7..4124bf8791 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ platformio==6.1.19
 esptool==5.2.0
 click==8.3.1
 esphome-dashboard==20260210.0
-aioesphomeapi==44.4.0
+aioesphomeapi==44.5.0
 zeroconf==0.148.0
 puremagic==1.30
 ruamel.yaml==0.19.1 # dashboard_import

From a530aeec22174300264d58f791518d993658e9ba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2026 22:09:12 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 455/609] [api] Inline varint and encode_varint_raw fast paths
 for hot loop performance (#14607)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/api/proto.cpp | 12 ++++++++
 esphome/components/api/proto.h   | 51 ++++++++++++++++++--------------
 2 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/proto.cpp b/esphome/components/api/proto.cpp
index 1ca6b702ad..fb229928e5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/proto.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/proto.cpp
@@ -8,6 +8,18 @@ namespace esphome::api {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "api.proto";
 
+uint32_t ProtoSize::varint_slow(uint32_t value) { return varint_wide(value); }
+
+void ProtoWriteBuffer::encode_varint_raw_slow_(uint32_t value) {
+  do {
+    this->debug_check_bounds_(1);
+    *this->pos_++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(value | 0x80);
+    value >>= 7;
+  } while (value > 0x7F);
+  this->debug_check_bounds_(1);
+  *this->pos_++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(value);
+}
+
 #ifdef USE_API_VARINT64
 optional<ProtoVarInt> ProtoVarInt::parse_wide(const uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t len, uint32_t *consumed,
                                               uint32_t result32) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/proto.h b/esphome/components/api/proto.h
index bbdd11b29d..adde0a8a85 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/proto.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/proto.h
@@ -240,14 +240,13 @@ class ProtoWriteBuffer {
   ProtoWriteBuffer(std::vector<uint8_t> *buffer) : buffer_(buffer), pos_(buffer->data() + buffer->size()) {}
   ProtoWriteBuffer(std::vector<uint8_t> *buffer, size_t write_pos)
       : buffer_(buffer), pos_(buffer->data() + write_pos) {}
-  void encode_varint_raw(uint32_t value) {
-    while (value > 0x7F) {
+  inline void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE encode_varint_raw(uint32_t value) {
+    if (value < 128) [[likely]] {
       this->debug_check_bounds_(1);
-      *this->pos_++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(value | 0x80);
-      value >>= 7;
+      *this->pos_++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(value);
+      return;
     }
-    this->debug_check_bounds_(1);
-    *this->pos_++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(value);
+    this->encode_varint_raw_slow_(value);
   }
   void encode_varint_raw_64(uint64_t value) {
     while (value > 0x7F) {
@@ -378,6 +377,9 @@ class ProtoWriteBuffer {
   std::vector<uint8_t> *get_buffer() const { return buffer_; }
 
  protected:
+  // Slow path for encode_varint_raw values >= 128, outlined to keep fast path small
+  void encode_varint_raw_slow_(uint32_t value) __attribute__((noinline));
+
 #ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_API
   void debug_check_bounds_(size_t bytes, const char *caller = __builtin_FUNCTION());
   void debug_check_encode_size_(uint32_t field_id, uint32_t expected, ptrdiff_t actual);
@@ -511,24 +513,29 @@ class ProtoSize {
    * @param value The uint32_t value to calculate size for
    * @return The number of bytes needed to encode the value
    */
-  static constexpr uint32_t varint(uint32_t value) {
-    // Optimized varint size calculation using leading zeros
-    // Each 7 bits requires one byte in the varint encoding
-    if (value < 128)
-      return 1;  // 7 bits, common case for small values
-
-    // For larger values, count bytes needed based on the position of the highest bit set
-    if (value < 16384) {
-      return 2;  // 14 bits
-    } else if (value < 2097152) {
-      return 3;  // 21 bits
-    } else if (value < 268435456) {
-      return 4;  // 28 bits
-    } else {
-      return 5;  // 32 bits (maximum for uint32_t)
-    }
+  static constexpr inline uint32_t ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE varint(uint32_t value) {
+    if (value < 128) [[likely]]
+      return 1;  // Fast path: 7 bits, most common case
+    if (__builtin_is_constant_evaluated())
+      return varint_wide(value);
+    return varint_slow(value);
   }
 
+ private:
+  // Slow path for varint >= 128, outlined to keep fast path small
+  static uint32_t varint_slow(uint32_t value) __attribute__((noinline));
+  // Shared cascade for values >= 128 (used by both constexpr and noinline paths)
+  static constexpr inline uint32_t ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE varint_wide(uint32_t value) {
+    if (value < 16384)
+      return 2;
+    if (value < 2097152)
+      return 3;
+    if (value < 268435456)
+      return 4;
+    return 5;
+  }
+
+ public:
   /**
    * @brief Calculates the size in bytes needed to encode a uint64_t value as a varint
    *

From 2c705810cdaff126c8fa5270e012c8037c62311b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: tomaszduda23 <tomaszduda23@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 09:40:52 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 456/609] [nrf52] allow to update OTA via cmd (#12344)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@koston.org>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick+github@koston.org>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@home-assistant.io>
---
 esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py |  38 +++++--
 esphome/components/nrf52/ota.py      | 164 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 requirements.txt                     |   1 +
 3 files changed, 194 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/nrf52/ota.py

diff --git a/esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py b/esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py
index c3a10a9944..5054e5e0df 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py
@@ -392,22 +392,42 @@ def _upload_using_platformio(
 def upload_program(config: ConfigType, args, host: str) -> bool:
     from esphome.__main__ import check_permissions, get_port_type
 
-    result = 0
-    handled = False
+    mcumgr_device: str | None = None
 
     if get_port_type(host) == "SERIAL":
         check_permissions(host)
-        result = _upload_using_platformio(config, host, ["-t", "upload"])
-        handled = True
+        if zephyr_data()[KEY_BOOTLOADER] == BOOTLOADER_MCUBOOT:
+            mcumgr_device = host
+        else:
+            result = _upload_using_platformio(config, host, ["-t", "upload"])
+            if result != 0:
+                raise EsphomeError(f"Upload failed with result: {result}")
+            return True  # Handled: platformio serial upload
 
     if host == "PYOCD":
         result = _upload_using_platformio(config, host, ["-t", "flash_pyocd"])
-        handled = True
+        if result != 0:
+            raise EsphomeError(f"Upload failed with result: {result}")
+        return True  # Handled: platformio PYOCD upload
 
-    if result != 0:
-        raise EsphomeError(f"Upload failed with result: {result}")
+    # Deferred imports: bleak/smpclient are heavy, only load for BLE/mcumgr paths
+    from .ble_logger import is_mac_address
+    from .ota import smpmgr_scan, smpmgr_upload
 
-    return handled
+    if host == "BLE":
+        mcumgr_device = asyncio.run(smpmgr_scan(CORE.name))
+
+    if is_mac_address(host):
+        mcumgr_device = host
+
+    if mcumgr_device:
+        firmware = Path(
+            CORE.relative_pioenvs_path(CORE.name, "zephyr", "app_update.bin")
+        ).resolve()
+        asyncio.run(smpmgr_upload(mcumgr_device, firmware))
+        return True  # Handled: mcumgr OTA upload
+
+    return False  # Not handled: let caller try default upload methods
 
 
 def show_logs(config: ConfigType, args, devices: list[str]) -> bool:
@@ -415,7 +435,7 @@ def show_logs(config: ConfigType, args, devices: list[str]) -> bool:
     from .ble_logger import is_mac_address, logger_connect, logger_scan
 
     if devices[0] == "BLE":
-        ble_device = asyncio.run(logger_scan(CORE.config["esphome"]["name"]))
+        ble_device = asyncio.run(logger_scan(CORE.name))
         if ble_device:
             address = ble_device.address
         else:
diff --git a/esphome/components/nrf52/ota.py b/esphome/components/nrf52/ota.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e4b26b45eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/nrf52/ota.py
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+import asyncio
+from dataclasses import asdict
+import json
+import logging
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from bleak import BleakScanner
+from bleak.exc import BleakDeviceNotFoundError
+from smp.exceptions import SMPBadStartDelimiter
+from smpclient import SMPClient
+from smpclient.generics import error, success
+from smpclient.mcuboot import IMAGE_TLV, ImageInfo, MCUBootImageError, TLVNotFound
+from smpclient.requests.image_management import ImageStatesRead, ImageStatesWrite
+from smpclient.requests.os_management import ResetWrite
+from smpclient.transport import SMPTransportDisconnected
+from smpclient.transport.ble import (
+    SMPBLETransport,
+    SMPBLETransportDeviceNotFound,
+    SMPBLETransportException,
+)
+from smpclient.transport.serial import SMPSerialTransport
+
+from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+from esphome.espota2 import ProgressBar
+
+from .ble_logger import is_mac_address
+
+SMP_SERVICE_UUID = "8D53DC1D-1DB7-4CD3-868B-8A527460AA84"
+BLE_SCAN_TIMEOUT = 10.0  # seconds
+RESET_DELAY = 2.0  # seconds to wait before reset, allows on_end action to execute
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _json_state(o: object) -> object:
+    """JSON serializer for SMP image state objects."""
+    if isinstance(o, (bytes, bytearray)):
+        return o.hex()
+    if hasattr(o, "hex"):
+        return o.hex()
+    if hasattr(o, "__dict__"):
+        return vars(o)
+    return str(o)
+
+
+async def smpmgr_scan(name: str) -> str:
+    _LOGGER.info("Scanning bluetooth for %s...", name)
+    for device in await BleakScanner.discover(
+        timeout=BLE_SCAN_TIMEOUT, service_uuids=[SMP_SERVICE_UUID]
+    ):
+        if device.name == name:
+            return device.address
+    raise EsphomeError(f"BLE device {name} with OTA service not found")
+
+
+async def smpmgr_upload(device: str, firmware: Path) -> None:
+    try:
+        await _smpmgr_upload(device, firmware)
+    except SMPTransportDisconnected as exc:
+        raise EsphomeError(f"{device} was disconnected.") from exc
+    except SMPBLETransportDeviceNotFound as exc:
+        raise EsphomeError(f"{device} was not found.") from exc
+
+
+def _get_image_tlv_sha256(file: Path) -> bytes:
+    _LOGGER.info("Checking image: %s", str(file))
+    try:
+        image_info = ImageInfo.load_file(str(file))
+        _LOGGER.info(
+            "Image header:\n%s", json.dumps(asdict(image_info.header), indent=2)
+        )
+        _LOGGER.debug(str(image_info))
+    except MCUBootImageError as exc:
+        raise EsphomeError("Inspection of FW image failed") from exc
+    except FileNotFoundError as exc:
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            f"Firmware image file not found: {file}. Build with zephyr_mcumgr enabled"
+        ) from exc
+
+    try:
+        image_tlv_sha256 = image_info.get_tlv(IMAGE_TLV.SHA256)
+        _LOGGER.info("Image tlv sha256: %s", image_tlv_sha256)
+    except TLVNotFound as exc:
+        raise EsphomeError("Could not find IMAGE_TLV_SHA256 in image.") from exc
+    return image_tlv_sha256.value
+
+
+async def _smpmgr_upload(device: str, firmware: Path) -> None:
+    image_tlv_sha256 = _get_image_tlv_sha256(firmware)
+
+    if is_mac_address(device):
+        smp_client = SMPClient(SMPBLETransport(), device)
+    else:
+        smp_client = SMPClient(SMPSerialTransport(), device)
+
+    _LOGGER.info("Connecting %s...", device)
+    try:
+        await smp_client.connect()
+    except BleakDeviceNotFoundError as exc:
+        raise EsphomeError(f"Device {device} not found") from exc
+    except SMPBLETransportException as exc:
+        raise EsphomeError(f"Connection error with {device}") from exc
+
+    _LOGGER.info("Connected %s...", device)
+    try:
+        await _smpmgr_upload_connected(smp_client, device, firmware, image_tlv_sha256)
+    finally:
+        await smp_client.disconnect()
+
+
+async def _smpmgr_upload_connected(
+    smp_client: SMPClient, device: str, firmware: Path, image_tlv_sha256: bytes
+) -> None:
+    try:
+        image_state = await smp_client.request(ImageStatesRead(), 2.5)
+    except (SMPBadStartDelimiter, TimeoutError) as exc:
+        raise EsphomeError(f"mcumgr is not supported by device ({device})") from exc
+
+    already_uploaded = False
+
+    if error(image_state):
+        raise EsphomeError(f"Failed to read image state from {device}: {image_state}")
+    if success(image_state):
+        if len(image_state.images) == 0:
+            _LOGGER.warning("No images on device!")
+        for image in image_state.images:
+            _LOGGER.info(
+                "Image state:\n%s",
+                json.dumps(image, indent=2, default=_json_state),
+            )
+            if image.active and not image.confirmed:
+                raise EsphomeError("No free slot. Testing mode but not confirmed yet.")
+            if image.hash == image_tlv_sha256:
+                if already_uploaded:
+                    raise EsphomeError("Both slots have the same image already")
+                if image.confirmed:
+                    raise EsphomeError("The same image already confirmed")
+                _LOGGER.warning("The same image already uploaded")
+                already_uploaded = True
+
+    if not already_uploaded:
+        with open(firmware, "rb") as file:
+            image = file.read()
+            upload_size = len(image)
+            progress = ProgressBar()
+            progress.update(0)
+            try:
+                async for offset in smp_client.upload(image):
+                    progress.update(offset / upload_size)
+            finally:
+                progress.done()
+
+    _LOGGER.info("Mark image for testing")
+    r = await smp_client.request(ImageStatesWrite(hash=image_tlv_sha256), 1.0)
+
+    if error(r):
+        raise EsphomeError(f"Failed to mark image for testing on {device}: {r}")
+
+    await asyncio.sleep(RESET_DELAY)
+    _LOGGER.info("Reset")
+    r = await smp_client.request(ResetWrite(), 1.0)
+
+    if error(r):
+        raise EsphomeError(f"Failed to reset {device}: {r}")
diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index 4124bf8791..03a7cac5c7 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ resvg-py==0.2.6
 freetype-py==2.5.1
 jinja2==3.1.6
 bleak==2.1.1
+smpclient==6.0.0
 requests==2.32.5
 
 # esp-idf >= 5.0 requires this

From 0c4a44566f9ba56d5f01bb6af2b436a1c859128b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Keith Burzinski <kbx81x@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 03:55:49 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 457/609] [serial_proxy] New component (#13944)

Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@koston.org>
Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci-lite[bot] <117423508+pre-commit-ci-lite[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@home-assistant.io>
---
 CODEOWNERS                                    |   1 +
 esphome/components/api/api.proto              |  20 ++
 esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp     |  93 +++++++++
 esphome/components/api/api_connection.h       |  10 +
 esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp            |  14 ++
 esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h              |  26 +++
 esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp       |  24 +++
 esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h      |   1 +
 esphome/components/serial_proxy/__init__.py   | 104 ++++++++++
 .../components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.cpp  | 188 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h    | 129 ++++++++++++
 esphome/core/application.h                    |  17 ++
 esphome/core/defines.h                        |   2 +
 tests/components/serial_proxy/common.yaml     |  10 +
 .../serial_proxy/test.esp32-idf.yaml          |   8 +
 .../serial_proxy/test.esp8266-ard.yaml        |   8 +
 .../serial_proxy/test.rp2040-ard.yaml         |   8 +
 17 files changed, 663 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/serial_proxy/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.cpp
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h
 create mode 100644 tests/components/serial_proxy/common.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/components/serial_proxy/test.esp32-idf.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/components/serial_proxy/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/components/serial_proxy/test.rp2040-ard.yaml

diff --git a/CODEOWNERS b/CODEOWNERS
index d60dbc729d..cb415bb625 100644
--- a/CODEOWNERS
+++ b/CODEOWNERS
@@ -435,6 +435,7 @@ esphome/components/sen5x/* @martgras
 esphome/components/sen6x/* @martgras @mebner86 @mikelawrence @tuct
 esphome/components/sensirion_common/* @martgras
 esphome/components/sensor/* @esphome/core
+esphome/components/serial_proxy/* @kbx81
 esphome/components/sfa30/* @ghsensdev
 esphome/components/sgp40/* @SenexCrenshaw
 esphome/components/sgp4x/* @martgras @SenexCrenshaw
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api.proto b/esphome/components/api/api.proto
index 257a7aaf82..28332d67a5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api.proto
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api.proto
@@ -2618,6 +2618,14 @@ enum SerialProxyRequestType {
   SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_FLUSH = 2;       // Flush the serial port (block until all TX data is sent)
 }
 
+enum SerialProxyStatus {
+  SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_OK = 0;              // Completed successfully; TX drain confirmed
+  SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_ASSUMED_SUCCESS = 1; // Platform cannot confirm TX drain; success assumed
+  SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_ERROR = 2;           // Driver or hardware error
+  SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_TIMEOUT = 3;         // Timed out before TX completed
+  SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED = 4;   // Request type not supported by this instance
+}
+
 // Generic request message for simple serial proxy operations
 message SerialProxyRequest {
   option (id) = 144;
@@ -2628,6 +2636,18 @@ message SerialProxyRequest {
   SerialProxyRequestType type = 2;      // Request type
 }
 
+// Response to a SerialProxyRequest (e.g. flush completion or failure)
+message SerialProxyRequestResponse {
+  option (id) = 147;
+  option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_SERIAL_PROXY";
+
+  uint32 instance = 1;                  // Instance index (0-based)
+  SerialProxyRequestType type = 2;      // Which request type this responds to
+  SerialProxyStatus status = 3;         // Result status
+  string error_message = 4;            // Additional detail on failure (optional)
+}
+
 // ==================== BLUETOOTH CONNECTION PARAMS ====================
 message BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest {
   option (id) = 145;
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
index b9b33ddcc2..43f5070a40 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
@@ -1445,6 +1445,89 @@ void APIConnection::on_infrared_rf_transmit_raw_timings_request(const InfraredRF
 void APIConnection::send_infrared_rf_receive_event(const InfraredRFReceiveEvent &msg) { this->send_message(msg); }
 #endif
 
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+void APIConnection::on_serial_proxy_configure_request(const SerialProxyConfigureRequest &msg) {
+  auto &proxies = App.get_serial_proxies();
+  if (msg.instance >= proxies.size()) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Serial proxy instance %u out of range (max %u)", msg.instance,
+             static_cast<uint32_t>(proxies.size()));
+    return;
+  }
+  proxies[msg.instance]->configure(msg.baudrate, msg.flow_control, static_cast<uint8_t>(msg.parity), msg.stop_bits,
+                                   msg.data_size);
+}
+
+void APIConnection::on_serial_proxy_write_request(const SerialProxyWriteRequest &msg) {
+  auto &proxies = App.get_serial_proxies();
+  if (msg.instance >= proxies.size()) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Serial proxy instance %u out of range", msg.instance);
+    return;
+  }
+  proxies[msg.instance]->write_from_client(msg.data, msg.data_len);
+}
+
+void APIConnection::on_serial_proxy_set_modem_pins_request(const SerialProxySetModemPinsRequest &msg) {
+  auto &proxies = App.get_serial_proxies();
+  if (msg.instance >= proxies.size()) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Serial proxy instance %u out of range", msg.instance);
+    return;
+  }
+  proxies[msg.instance]->set_modem_pins(msg.line_states);
+}
+
+void APIConnection::on_serial_proxy_get_modem_pins_request(const SerialProxyGetModemPinsRequest &msg) {
+  auto &proxies = App.get_serial_proxies();
+  if (msg.instance >= proxies.size()) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Serial proxy instance %u out of range", msg.instance);
+    return;
+  }
+  SerialProxyGetModemPinsResponse resp{};
+  resp.instance = msg.instance;
+  resp.line_states = proxies[msg.instance]->get_modem_pins();
+  this->send_message(resp);
+}
+
+void APIConnection::on_serial_proxy_request(const SerialProxyRequest &msg) {
+  auto &proxies = App.get_serial_proxies();
+  if (msg.instance >= proxies.size()) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Serial proxy instance %u out of range", msg.instance);
+    return;
+  }
+  switch (msg.type) {
+    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SUBSCRIBE:
+    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE:
+      proxies[msg.instance]->serial_proxy_request(this, msg.type);
+      break;
+    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_FLUSH: {
+      SerialProxyRequestResponse resp{};
+      resp.instance = msg.instance;
+      resp.type = enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_FLUSH;
+      switch (proxies[msg.instance]->flush_port()) {
+        case uart::FlushResult::SUCCESS:
+          resp.status = enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_OK;
+          break;
+        case uart::FlushResult::ASSUMED_SUCCESS:
+          resp.status = enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_ASSUMED_SUCCESS;
+          break;
+        case uart::FlushResult::TIMEOUT:
+          resp.status = enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_TIMEOUT;
+          break;
+        case uart::FlushResult::FAILED:
+          resp.status = enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_ERROR;
+          break;
+      }
+      this->send_message(resp);
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unknown serial proxy request type: %u", static_cast<uint32_t>(msg.type));
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void APIConnection::send_serial_proxy_data(const SerialProxyDataReceived &msg) { this->send_message(msg); }
+#endif
+
 #ifdef USE_INFRARED
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_infrared_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size) {
   auto *infrared = static_cast<infrared::Infrared *>(entity);
@@ -1666,6 +1749,16 @@ bool APIConnection::send_device_info_response_() {
   resp.zwave_proxy_feature_flags = zwave_proxy::global_zwave_proxy->get_feature_flags();
   resp.zwave_home_id = zwave_proxy::global_zwave_proxy->get_home_id();
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+  size_t serial_proxy_index = 0;
+  for (auto const &proxy : App.get_serial_proxies()) {
+    if (serial_proxy_index >= SERIAL_PROXY_COUNT)
+      break;
+    auto &info = resp.serial_proxies[serial_proxy_index++];
+    info.name = StringRef(proxy->get_name());
+    info.port_type = proxy->get_port_type();
+  }
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
   resp.api_encryption_supported = true;
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
index b075bc83ab..5d1469e419 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
@@ -189,6 +189,15 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
   void send_infrared_rf_receive_event(const InfraredRFReceiveEvent &msg);
 #endif
 
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+  void on_serial_proxy_configure_request(const SerialProxyConfigureRequest &msg) override;
+  void on_serial_proxy_write_request(const SerialProxyWriteRequest &msg) override;
+  void on_serial_proxy_set_modem_pins_request(const SerialProxySetModemPinsRequest &msg) override;
+  void on_serial_proxy_get_modem_pins_request(const SerialProxyGetModemPinsRequest &msg) override;
+  void on_serial_proxy_request(const SerialProxyRequest &msg) override;
+  void send_serial_proxy_data(const SerialProxyDataReceived &msg);
+#endif
+
 #ifdef USE_EVENT
   void send_event(event::Event *event);
 #endif
@@ -254,6 +263,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
     return static_cast<ConnectionState>(this->flags_.connection_state) == ConnectionState::CONNECTED ||
            this->is_authenticated();
   }
+  bool is_marked_for_removal() const { return this->flags_.remove; }
   uint8_t get_log_subscription_level() const { return this->flags_.log_subscription; }
 
   // Get client API version for feature detection
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp
index 38ebfb9464..6fce10ca0f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp
@@ -3840,6 +3840,20 @@ bool SerialProxyRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   }
   return true;
 }
+void SerialProxyRequestResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const {
+  buffer.encode_uint32(1, this->instance);
+  buffer.encode_uint32(2, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->type));
+  buffer.encode_uint32(3, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->status));
+  buffer.encode_string(4, this->error_message);
+}
+uint32_t SerialProxyRequestResponse::calculate_size() const {
+  uint32_t size = 0;
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->instance);
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->type));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->status));
+  size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->error_message.size());
+  return size;
+}
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
 bool BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h
index a6167dc810..5c712508b9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h
@@ -333,6 +333,13 @@ enum SerialProxyRequestType : uint32_t {
   SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE = 1,
   SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_FLUSH = 2,
 };
+enum SerialProxyStatus : uint32_t {
+  SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_OK = 0,
+  SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_ASSUMED_SUCCESS = 1,
+  SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_ERROR = 2,
+  SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_TIMEOUT = 3,
+  SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED = 4,
+};
 #endif
 
 }  // namespace enums
@@ -3220,6 +3227,25 @@ class SerialProxyRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  protected:
   bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
 };
+class SerialProxyRequestResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
+ public:
+  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 147;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 17;
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const char *message_name() const override { return "serial_proxy_request_response"; }
+#endif
+  uint32_t instance{0};
+  enums::SerialProxyRequestType type{};
+  enums::SerialProxyStatus status{};
+  StringRef error_message{};
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer &buffer) const;
+  uint32_t calculate_size() const;
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const override;
+#endif
+
+ protected:
+};
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
 class BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp
index 086b1bdc2f..740bf2e47f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp
@@ -789,6 +789,22 @@ template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::SerialProxyRequestType>(enums
       return "UNKNOWN";
   }
 }
+template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::SerialProxyStatus>(enums::SerialProxyStatus value) {
+  switch (value) {
+    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_OK:
+      return "SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_OK";
+    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_ASSUMED_SUCCESS:
+      return "SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_ASSUMED_SUCCESS";
+    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_ERROR:
+      return "SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_ERROR";
+    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_TIMEOUT:
+      return "SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_TIMEOUT";
+    case enums::SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED:
+      return "SERIAL_PROXY_STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED";
+    default:
+      return "UNKNOWN";
+  }
+}
 #endif
 
 const char *HelloRequest::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
@@ -2609,6 +2625,14 @@ const char *SerialProxyRequest::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
   dump_field(out, "type", static_cast<enums::SerialProxyRequestType>(this->type));
   return out.c_str();
 }
+const char *SerialProxyRequestResponse::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
+  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "SerialProxyRequestResponse");
+  dump_field(out, "instance", this->instance);
+  dump_field(out, "type", static_cast<enums::SerialProxyRequestType>(this->type));
+  dump_field(out, "status", static_cast<enums::SerialProxyStatus>(this->status));
+  dump_field(out, "error_message", this->error_message);
+  return out.c_str();
+}
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
 const char *BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest::dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const {
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h
index a031d2d969..10fd88d8e1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h
@@ -233,6 +233,7 @@ class APIServerConnectionBase : public ProtoService {
 #ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
   virtual void on_serial_proxy_request(const SerialProxyRequest &value){};
 #endif
+
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
   virtual void on_bluetooth_set_connection_params_request(const BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest &value){};
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/serial_proxy/__init__.py b/esphome/components/serial_proxy/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f9b8c375d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/serial_proxy/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+"""
+Serial Proxy component for ESPHome.
+
+WARNING: This component is EXPERIMENTAL. The API (both Python configuration
+and C++ interfaces) may change at any time without following the normal
+breaking changes policy. Use at your own risk.
+
+Once the API is considered stable, this warning will be removed.
+
+Provides a proxy to/from a serial interface on the ESPHome device, allowing
+Home Assistant to connect to the serial port and send/receive data to/from
+an arbitrary serial device.
+"""
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+from esphome import pins
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import uart
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_NAME
+from esphome.core import CORE, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.coroutine import CoroPriority
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
+DEPENDENCIES = ["api", "uart"]
+
+MULTI_CONF = True
+
+serial_proxy_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("serial_proxy")
+SerialProxy = serial_proxy_ns.class_("SerialProxy", cg.Component, uart.UARTDevice)
+
+api_enums_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("api").namespace("enums")
+SerialProxyPortType = api_enums_ns.enum("SerialProxyPortType")
+SERIAL_PROXY_PORT_TYPES = {
+    "TTL": SerialProxyPortType.SERIAL_PROXY_PORT_TYPE_TTL,
+    "RS232": SerialProxyPortType.SERIAL_PROXY_PORT_TYPE_RS232,
+    "RS485": SerialProxyPortType.SERIAL_PROXY_PORT_TYPE_RS485,
+}
+
+CONF_DTR_PIN = "dtr_pin"
+CONF_PORT_TYPE = "port_type"
+CONF_RTS_PIN = "rts_pin"
+
+DOMAIN = "serial_proxy"
+
+
+@dataclass
+class SerialProxyData:
+    count: int = 0
+
+
+def _get_data() -> SerialProxyData:
+    if DOMAIN not in CORE.data:
+        CORE.data[DOMAIN] = SerialProxyData()
+    return CORE.data[DOMAIN]
+
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(SerialProxy),
+            cv.Required(CONF_NAME): cv.string_strict,
+            cv.Required(CONF_PORT_TYPE): cv.enum(SERIAL_PROXY_PORT_TYPES, upper=True),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_RTS_PIN): pins.gpio_output_pin_schema,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_DTR_PIN): pins.gpio_output_pin_schema,
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(uart.UART_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+)
+
+
+@coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
+async def _add_serial_proxy_count_define():
+    """Emit the SERIAL_PROXY_COUNT define once with the final instance count."""
+    count = _get_data().count
+    if count > 0:
+        cg.add_define("SERIAL_PROXY_COUNT", count)
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
+    cg.add(cg.App.register_serial_proxy(var))
+    cg.add(var.set_name(config[CONF_NAME]))
+    cg.add(var.set_port_type(config[CONF_PORT_TYPE]))
+    cg.add_define("USE_SERIAL_PROXY")
+
+    # Track instance count for the FINAL priority define
+    data = _get_data()
+    if data.count == 0:
+        # Schedule the count define job only once (on the first instance)
+        CORE.add_job(_add_serial_proxy_count_define)
+    data.count += 1
+
+    if CONF_RTS_PIN in config:
+        rts_pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_RTS_PIN])
+        cg.add(var.set_rts_pin(rts_pin))
+
+    if CONF_DTR_PIN in config:
+        dtr_pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_DTR_PIN])
+        cg.add(var.set_dtr_pin(dtr_pin))
diff --git a/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.cpp b/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..340f9b0cb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+#include "serial_proxy.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/util.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_API
+#include "esphome/components/api/api_connection.h"
+#include "esphome/components/api/api_server.h"
+#endif
+
+namespace esphome::serial_proxy {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "serial_proxy";
+
+void SerialProxy::setup() {
+  // Set up modem control pins if configured
+  if (this->rts_pin_ != nullptr) {
+    this->rts_pin_->setup();
+    this->rts_pin_->digital_write(this->rts_state_);
+  }
+  if (this->dtr_pin_ != nullptr) {
+    this->dtr_pin_->setup();
+    this->dtr_pin_->digital_write(this->dtr_state_);
+  }
+#ifdef USE_API
+  // instance_index_ is fixed at registration time; pre-set it so loop() only needs to update data
+  this->outgoing_msg_.instance = this->instance_index_;
+#endif
+}
+
+void SerialProxy::loop() {
+#ifdef USE_API
+  // Detect subscriber disconnect
+  if (this->api_connection_ != nullptr && (this->api_connection_->is_marked_for_removal() ||
+                                           !this->api_connection_->is_connection_setup() || !api_is_connected())) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Subscriber disconnected");
+    this->api_connection_ = nullptr;
+  }
+
+  if (this->api_connection_ == nullptr)
+    return;
+
+  // Read available data from UART and forward to subscribed client
+  size_t available = this->available();
+  if (available == 0)
+    return;
+
+  // Read in chunks up to SERIAL_PROXY_MAX_READ_SIZE
+  uint8_t buffer[SERIAL_PROXY_MAX_READ_SIZE];
+  size_t to_read = std::min(available, sizeof(buffer));
+
+  if (!this->read_array(buffer, to_read))
+    return;
+
+  this->outgoing_msg_.set_data(buffer, to_read);
+  this->api_connection_->send_serial_proxy_data(this->outgoing_msg_);
+#endif
+}
+
+void SerialProxy::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "Serial Proxy [%u]:\n"
+                "  Name: %s\n"
+                "  Port Type: %s\n"
+                "  RTS Pin: %s\n"
+                "  DTR Pin: %s",
+                this->instance_index_, this->name_ != nullptr ? this->name_ : "",
+                this->port_type_ == api::enums::SERIAL_PROXY_PORT_TYPE_RS485   ? "RS485"
+                : this->port_type_ == api::enums::SERIAL_PROXY_PORT_TYPE_RS232 ? "RS232"
+                                                                               : "TTL",
+                this->rts_pin_ != nullptr ? "configured" : "not configured",
+                this->dtr_pin_ != nullptr ? "configured" : "not configured");
+}
+
+void SerialProxy::configure(uint32_t baudrate, bool flow_control, uint8_t parity, uint8_t stop_bits,
+                            uint8_t data_size) {
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Configuring serial proxy [%u]: baud=%u, flow_ctrl=%s, parity=%u, stop=%u, data=%u",
+           this->instance_index_, baudrate, YESNO(flow_control), parity, stop_bits, data_size);
+
+  auto *uart_comp = this->parent_;
+  if (uart_comp == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "UART component not available");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Validate all parameters before applying any (values come from a remote client)
+  if (baudrate == 0) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid baud rate: 0");
+    return;
+  }
+  if (stop_bits < 1 || stop_bits > 2) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid stop bits: %u (must be 1 or 2)", stop_bits);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (data_size < 5 || data_size > 8) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid data bits: %u (must be 5-8)", data_size);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (parity > 2) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid parity: %u (must be 0-2)", parity);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Apply validated parameters
+  uart_comp->set_baud_rate(baudrate);
+  uart_comp->set_stop_bits(stop_bits);
+  uart_comp->set_data_bits(data_size);
+
+  // Map parity value to UARTParityOptions
+  static const uart::UARTParityOptions PARITY_MAP[] = {
+      uart::UART_CONFIG_PARITY_NONE,
+      uart::UART_CONFIG_PARITY_EVEN,
+      uart::UART_CONFIG_PARITY_ODD,
+  };
+  uart_comp->set_parity(PARITY_MAP[parity]);
+
+  // load_settings() is available on ESP8266 and ESP32 platforms
+#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_ESP32)
+  uart_comp->load_settings(true);
+#endif
+
+  if (flow_control) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Hardware flow control requested but is not yet supported");
+  }
+}
+
+void SerialProxy::write_from_client(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+  if (data == nullptr || len == 0)
+    return;
+  this->write_array(data, len);
+}
+
+void SerialProxy::set_modem_pins(uint32_t line_states) {
+  const bool rts = (line_states & SERIAL_PROXY_LINE_STATE_FLAG_RTS) != 0;
+  const bool dtr = (line_states & SERIAL_PROXY_LINE_STATE_FLAG_DTR) != 0;
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Setting modem pins [%u]: RTS=%s, DTR=%s", this->instance_index_, ONOFF(rts), ONOFF(dtr));
+
+  if (this->rts_pin_ != nullptr) {
+    this->rts_state_ = rts;
+    this->rts_pin_->digital_write(rts);
+  }
+  if (this->dtr_pin_ != nullptr) {
+    this->dtr_state_ = dtr;
+    this->dtr_pin_->digital_write(dtr);
+  }
+}
+
+uint32_t SerialProxy::get_modem_pins() const {
+  return (this->rts_state_ ? SERIAL_PROXY_LINE_STATE_FLAG_RTS : 0u) |
+         (this->dtr_state_ ? SERIAL_PROXY_LINE_STATE_FLAG_DTR : 0u);
+}
+
+uart::FlushResult SerialProxy::flush_port() {
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Flushing serial proxy [%u]", this->instance_index_);
+  return this->flush();
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_API
+void SerialProxy::serial_proxy_request(api::APIConnection *api_connection, api::enums::SerialProxyRequestType type) {
+  switch (type) {
+    case api::enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_SUBSCRIBE:
+      if (this->api_connection_ != nullptr) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Only one API subscription is allowed at a time");
+        return;
+      }
+      this->api_connection_ = api_connection;
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "API connection subscribed to serial proxy [%u]", this->instance_index_);
+      break;
+    case api::enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE:
+      if (this->api_connection_ != api_connection) {
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "API connection is not subscribed to serial proxy [%u]", this->instance_index_);
+        return;
+      }
+      this->api_connection_ = nullptr;
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "API connection unsubscribed from serial proxy [%u]", this->instance_index_);
+      break;
+    default:
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unknown serial proxy request type: %u", static_cast<uint32_t>(type));
+      break;
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
+}  // namespace esphome::serial_proxy
+
+#endif  // USE_SERIAL_PROXY
diff --git a/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h b/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..52f0654ff0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+#pragma once
+
+// WARNING: This component is EXPERIMENTAL. The API may change at any time
+// without following the normal breaking changes policy. Use at your own risk.
+// Once the API is considered stable, this warning will be removed.
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/components/uart/uart.h"
+
+// Include api_pb2.h only when the API is enabled. The full include is needed
+// to hold SerialProxyDataReceived by value as a pre-allocated member.
+// Guarding prevents pulling conflicting Zephyr logging macro names into
+// translation units that include this header without USE_API defined.
+#ifdef USE_API
+#include "esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h"
+#endif
+
+// Forward-declare types needed outside the USE_API guard.
+namespace esphome::api {
+class APIConnection;
+namespace enums {
+enum SerialProxyPortType : uint32_t;
+enum SerialProxyRequestType : uint32_t;
+}  // namespace enums
+}  // namespace esphome::api
+
+namespace esphome::serial_proxy {
+
+/// Bit flags for the line_states field exchanged with API clients.
+/// Bit positions are stable API — new signals must use the next available bit.
+enum SerialProxyLineStateFlag : uint32_t {
+  SERIAL_PROXY_LINE_STATE_FLAG_RTS = 1 << 0,  ///< RTS (Request To Send)
+  SERIAL_PROXY_LINE_STATE_FLAG_DTR = 1 << 1,  ///< DTR (Data Terminal Ready)
+};
+
+/// Maximum bytes to read from UART in a single loop iteration
+inline constexpr size_t SERIAL_PROXY_MAX_READ_SIZE = 256;
+
+class SerialProxy : public uart::UARTDevice, public Component {
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  void loop() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::AFTER_CONNECTION; }
+
+  /// Get the instance index (position in Application's serial_proxies_ vector)
+  uint32_t get_instance_index() const { return this->instance_index_; }
+
+  /// Set the instance index (called by Application::register_serial_proxy)
+  void set_instance_index(uint32_t index) { this->instance_index_ = index; }
+
+  /// Set the human-readable port name (from YAML configuration)
+  void set_name(const char *name) { this->name_ = name; }
+
+  /// Get the human-readable port name
+  const char *get_name() const { return this->name_; }
+
+  /// Set the port type (from YAML configuration)
+  void set_port_type(api::enums::SerialProxyPortType port_type) { this->port_type_ = port_type; }
+
+  /// Get the port type
+  api::enums::SerialProxyPortType get_port_type() const { return this->port_type_; }
+
+  /// Configure UART parameters and apply them
+  /// @param baudrate Baud rate in bits per second
+  /// @param flow_control True to enable hardware flow control
+  /// @param parity Parity setting (0=none, 1=even, 2=odd)
+  /// @param stop_bits Number of stop bits (1 or 2)
+  /// @param data_size Number of data bits (5-8)
+  void configure(uint32_t baudrate, bool flow_control, uint8_t parity, uint8_t stop_bits, uint8_t data_size);
+
+  /// Handle a subscribe/unsubscribe request from an API client
+  void serial_proxy_request(api::APIConnection *api_connection, api::enums::SerialProxyRequestType type);
+
+  /// Write data received from an API client to the serial device
+  /// @param data Pointer to data buffer
+  /// @param len Number of bytes to write
+  void write_from_client(const uint8_t *data, size_t len);
+
+  /// Set modem pin states from a bitmask of SerialProxyLineStateFlag values
+  void set_modem_pins(uint32_t line_states);
+
+  /// Get current modem pin states as a bitmask of SerialProxyLineStateFlag values
+  uint32_t get_modem_pins() const;
+
+  /// Flush the serial port (block until all TX data is sent)
+  uart::FlushResult flush_port();
+
+  /// Set the RTS GPIO pin (from YAML configuration)
+  void set_rts_pin(GPIOPin *pin) { this->rts_pin_ = pin; }
+
+  /// Set the DTR GPIO pin (from YAML configuration)
+  void set_dtr_pin(GPIOPin *pin) { this->dtr_pin_ = pin; }
+
+ protected:
+  /// Instance index for identifying this proxy in API messages
+  uint32_t instance_index_{0};
+
+  /// Subscribed API client (only one allowed at a time)
+  api::APIConnection *api_connection_{nullptr};
+
+#ifdef USE_API
+  /// Pre-allocated outgoing message; instance field is set once in setup()
+  api::SerialProxyDataReceived outgoing_msg_;
+#endif
+
+  /// Human-readable port name (points to a string literal in flash)
+  const char *name_{nullptr};
+
+  /// Port type
+  api::enums::SerialProxyPortType port_type_{};
+
+  /// Optional GPIO pins for modem control
+  GPIOPin *rts_pin_{nullptr};
+  GPIOPin *dtr_pin_{nullptr};
+
+  /// Current modem pin states
+  bool rts_state_{false};
+  bool dtr_state_{false};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::serial_proxy
+
+#endif  // USE_SERIAL_PROXY
diff --git a/esphome/core/application.h b/esphome/core/application.h
index 87f9fdf59a..49253b6324 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.h
+++ b/esphome/core/application.h
@@ -102,6 +102,9 @@ void socket_wake();  // NOLINT(readability-redundant-declaration)
 #ifdef USE_INFRARED
 #include "esphome/components/infrared/infrared.h"
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+#include "esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h"
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_EVENT
 #include "esphome/components/event/event.h"
 #endif
@@ -267,6 +270,13 @@ class Application {
   void register_infrared(infrared::Infrared *infrared) { this->infrareds_.push_back(infrared); }
 #endif
 
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+  void register_serial_proxy(serial_proxy::SerialProxy *proxy) {
+    proxy->set_instance_index(this->serial_proxies_.size());
+    this->serial_proxies_.push_back(proxy);
+  }
+#endif
+
 #ifdef USE_EVENT
   void register_event(event::Event *event) { this->events_.push_back(event); }
 #endif
@@ -498,6 +508,10 @@ class Application {
   GET_ENTITY_METHOD(infrared::Infrared, infrared, infrareds)
 #endif
 
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+  auto &get_serial_proxies() const { return this->serial_proxies_; }
+#endif
+
 #ifdef USE_EVENT
   auto &get_events() const { return this->events_; }
   GET_ENTITY_METHOD(event::Event, event, events)
@@ -747,6 +761,9 @@ class Application {
 #ifdef USE_INFRARED
   StaticVector<infrared::Infrared *, ESPHOME_ENTITY_INFRARED_COUNT> infrareds_{};
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+  StaticVector<serial_proxy::SerialProxy *, SERIAL_PROXY_COUNT> serial_proxies_{};
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_UPDATE
   StaticVector<update::UpdateEntity *, ESPHOME_ENTITY_UPDATE_COUNT> updates_{};
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/core/defines.h b/esphome/core/defines.h
index 48c467f69f..51f474d80e 100644
--- a/esphome/core/defines.h
+++ b/esphome/core/defines.h
@@ -107,6 +107,7 @@
 #define MDNS_SERVICE_COUNT 3
 #define USE_MDNS_DYNAMIC_TXT
 #define MDNS_DYNAMIC_TXT_COUNT 2
+#define SERIAL_PROXY_COUNT 2
 #define SNTP_SERVER_COUNT 3
 #define USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
 #define USE_MEDIA_SOURCE
@@ -119,6 +120,7 @@
 #define USE_SELECT
 #define USE_SENSOR
 #define USE_SENSOR_FILTER
+#define USE_SERIAL_PROXY
 #define USE_SETUP_PRIORITY_OVERRIDE
 #define USE_STATUS_LED
 #define USE_STATUS_SENSOR
diff --git a/tests/components/serial_proxy/common.yaml b/tests/components/serial_proxy/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6f03cf95df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/serial_proxy/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1
+
+api:
+
+serial_proxy:
+  - id: serial_proxy_1
+    name: Test Serial Port
+    port_type: RS232
diff --git a/tests/components/serial_proxy/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/serial_proxy/test.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b415125e84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/serial_proxy/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+substitutions:
+  tx_pin: GPIO4
+  rx_pin: GPIO5
+
+packages:
+  uart: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart/esp32-idf.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/serial_proxy/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/serial_proxy/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..96ab4ef6ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/serial_proxy/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+substitutions:
+  tx_pin: GPIO0
+  rx_pin: GPIO2
+
+packages:
+  uart: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart/esp8266-ard.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/serial_proxy/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/serial_proxy/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b28f2b5e05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/serial_proxy/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+substitutions:
+  tx_pin: GPIO4
+  rx_pin: GPIO5
+
+packages:
+  uart: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart/rp2040-ard.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml

From a9b5f95c768c58aeb4e117a94effe0121fdb77c2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Oliver Kleinecke <okleinecke@web.de>
Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 11:24:39 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 458/609] [usb_uart] ch34x chip-type & port-count enumeration
 (#14544)

---
 esphome/components/usb_uart/ch34x.cpp  | 94 ++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h | 37 ++++++++++
 2 files changed, 126 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/ch34x.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_uart/ch34x.cpp
index e6e52a9e2a..d5428cc8d7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/ch34x.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/ch34x.cpp
@@ -8,13 +8,97 @@
 namespace esphome::usb_uart {
 
 using namespace bytebuffer;
-/**
- * CH34x
- */
+
+struct CH34xEntry {
+  uint16_t pid;
+  uint8_t byte_idx;  // which status.data[] byte to inspect
+  uint8_t mask;      // bitmask applied before comparison
+  uint8_t match;     // 0xFF = wildcard (default/fallthrough for this PID)
+  CH34xChipType chiptype;
+  const char *name;
+  uint8_t num_ports;
+};
+
+static const CH34xEntry CH34X_TABLE[] = {
+    {0x55D2, 1, 0xFF, 0x41, CHIP_CH342K, "CH342K", 2},
+    {0x55D2, 1, 0xFF, 0xFF, CHIP_CH342F, "CH342F", 2},
+    {0x55D3, 1, 0xFF, 0x02, CHIP_CH343J, "CH343J", 1},
+    {0x55D3, 1, 0xFF, 0x01, CHIP_CH343K, "CH343K", 1},
+    {0x55D3, 1, 0xFF, 0x18, CHIP_CH343G_AUTOBAUD, "CH343G_AUTOBAUD", 1},
+    {0x55D3, 1, 0xFF, 0xFF, CHIP_CH343GP, "CH343GP", 1},
+    {0x55D4, 1, 0xFF, 0x09, CHIP_CH9102X, "CH9102X", 1},
+    {0x55D4, 1, 0xFF, 0xFF, CHIP_CH9102F, "CH9102F", 1},
+    {0x55D5, 1, 0xFF, 0xC0, CHIP_CH344L, "CH344L", 4},  // CH344L vs CH344L_V2 resolved below
+    {0x55D5, 1, 0xFF, 0xFF, CHIP_CH344Q, "CH344Q", 4},
+    {0x55D7, 1, 0xFF, 0xFF, CHIP_CH9103M, "CH9103M", 2},
+    {0x55D8, 1, 0xFF, 0x0A, CHIP_CH9101RY, "CH9101RY", 1},
+    {0x55D8, 1, 0xFF, 0xFF, CHIP_CH9101UH, "CH9101UH", 1},
+    {0x55DB, 1, 0xFF, 0xFF, CHIP_CH347TF, "CH347TF", 1},
+    {0x55DD, 1, 0xFF, 0xFF, CHIP_CH347TF, "CH347TF", 1},
+    {0x55DA, 1, 0xFF, 0xFF, CHIP_CH347TF, "CH347TF", 2},
+    {0x55DE, 1, 0xFF, 0xFF, CHIP_CH347TF, "CH347TF", 2},
+    {0x55E7, 1, 0xFF, 0xFF, CHIP_CH339W, "CH339W", 1},
+    {0x55DF, 1, 0xFF, 0xFF, CHIP_CH9104L, "CH9104L", 4},
+    {0x55E9, 1, 0xFF, 0xFF, CHIP_CH9111L_M0, "CH9111L_M0", 1},
+    {0x55EA, 1, 0xFF, 0xFF, CHIP_CH9111L_M1, "CH9111L_M1", 1},
+    {0x55E8, 2, 0xFF, 0x48, CHIP_CH9114L, "CH9114L", 4},
+    {0x55E8, 2, 0xFF, 0x49, CHIP_CH9114W, "CH9114W", 4},
+    {0x55E8, 2, 0xFF, 0x4A, CHIP_CH9114F, "CH9114F", 4},
+    {0x55EB, 4, 0x01, 0x01, CHIP_CH346C_M1, "CH346C_M1", 1},
+    {0x55EB, 4, 0x01, 0xFF, CHIP_CH346C_M0, "CH346C_M0", 1},
+    {0x55EC, 1, 0xFF, 0xFF, CHIP_CH346C_M2, "CH346C_M2", 2},
+};
 
 void USBUartTypeCH34X::enable_channels() {
-  // enable the channels
-  for (auto channel : this->channels_) {
+  usb_host::transfer_cb_t cb = [this](const usb_host::TransferStatus &status) {
+    if (!status.success) {
+      this->defer([this, error_code = status.error_code]() {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "CH34x chip detection failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(error_code));
+        this->apply_line_settings_();
+      });
+      return;
+    }
+    CH34xChipType chiptype = CHIP_UNKNOWN;
+    uint8_t num_ports = 1;
+    for (const auto &e : CH34X_TABLE) {
+      if (e.pid != this->pid_)
+        continue;
+      if (e.match != 0xFF && (status.data[e.byte_idx] & e.mask) != e.match)
+        continue;
+      chiptype = e.chiptype;
+      num_ports = e.num_ports;
+      break;
+    }
+    // CH344L vs CH344L_V2 requires chipver (data[0]) in addition to chiptype (data[1])
+    if (chiptype == CHIP_CH344L && (status.data[0] & 0xF0) != 0x40)
+      chiptype = CHIP_CH344L_V2;
+    const char *name = "unknown";
+    for (const auto &e : CH34X_TABLE) {
+      if (e.chiptype == chiptype) {
+        name = e.name;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    this->defer([this, chiptype, num_ports, name]() {
+      this->chiptype_ = chiptype;
+      this->chip_name_ = name;
+      this->num_ports_ = num_ports;
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "CH34x chip: %s, ports: %u", name, this->num_ports_);
+      this->apply_line_settings_();
+    });
+  };
+  // Vendor-specific GET_CHIP_VERSION request (bRequest=0x5F): returns chip ID bytes
+  // used to distinguish CH34x variants sharing the same PID.
+  this->control_transfer(USB_VENDOR_DEV | usb_host::USB_DIR_IN, 0x5F, 0, 0, cb, {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0});
+}
+
+void USBUartTypeCH34X::dump_config() {
+  USBUartTypeCdcAcm::dump_config();
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  CH34x chip: %s", this->chip_name_);
+}
+
+void USBUartTypeCH34X::apply_line_settings_() {
+  for (auto *channel : this->channels_) {
     if (!channel->initialised_.load())
       continue;
     usb_host::transfer_cb_t callback = [=](const usb_host::TransferStatus &status) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h
index b1748aebf2..16469df7f6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h
@@ -35,6 +35,36 @@ struct CdcEps {
   uint8_t interrupt_interface_number;
 };
 
+enum CH34xChipType : uint8_t {
+  CHIP_CH342F = 0,
+  CHIP_CH342K,
+  CHIP_CH343GP,
+  CHIP_CH343G_AUTOBAUD,
+  CHIP_CH343K,
+  CHIP_CH343J,
+  CHIP_CH344L,
+  CHIP_CH344L_V2,
+  CHIP_CH344Q,
+  CHIP_CH347TF,
+  CHIP_CH9101UH,
+  CHIP_CH9101RY,
+  CHIP_CH9102F,
+  CHIP_CH9102X,
+  CHIP_CH9103M,
+  CHIP_CH9104L,
+  CHIP_CH340B,
+  CHIP_CH339W,
+  CHIP_CH9111L_M0,
+  CHIP_CH9111L_M1,
+  CHIP_CH9114L,
+  CHIP_CH9114W,
+  CHIP_CH9114F,
+  CHIP_CH346C_M0,
+  CHIP_CH346C_M1,
+  CHIP_CH346C_M2,
+  CHIP_UNKNOWN = 0xFF,
+};
+
 enum UARTParityOptions {
   UART_CONFIG_PARITY_NONE = 0,
   UART_CONFIG_PARITY_ODD,
@@ -192,10 +222,17 @@ class USBUartTypeCP210X : public USBUartTypeCdcAcm {
 class USBUartTypeCH34X : public USBUartTypeCdcAcm {
  public:
   USBUartTypeCH34X(uint16_t vid, uint16_t pid) : USBUartTypeCdcAcm(vid, pid) {}
+  void dump_config() override;
 
  protected:
   void enable_channels() override;
   std::vector<CdcEps> parse_descriptors(usb_device_handle_t dev_hdl) override;
+
+ private:
+  void apply_line_settings_();
+  CH34xChipType chiptype_{CHIP_UNKNOWN};
+  const char *chip_name_{"unknown"};
+  uint8_t num_ports_{1};
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::usb_uart

From 3f143d9f19ae29a408f1024e202aa869e86a7787 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Diorcet Yann <diorcety@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 14:50:32 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 459/609] [ethernet] Fix commit
 3f700bac1cebf7eb6ff3b20a87d8c8af5cb9fc41 (#14618)

---
 esphome/components/ethernet/esp_eth_phy_jl1101.c | 2 ++
 esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ethernet/esp_eth_phy_jl1101.c b/esphome/components/ethernet/esp_eth_phy_jl1101.c
index a19f7aa6b0..b81d8227d4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ethernet/esp_eth_phy_jl1101.c
+++ b/esphome/components/ethernet/esp_eth_phy_jl1101.c
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 
 #include <string.h>
diff --git a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h
index e54e1543e3..d9f05be9de 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ class EthernetComponent : public Component {
 // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 extern EthernetComponent *global_eth_component;
 
-#if ESP_IDF_VERSION < ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 4, 2)
+#if defined(USE_ETHERNET_JL1101) && (ESP_IDF_VERSION < ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 4, 2) || !defined(PLATFORMIO))
 extern "C" esp_eth_phy_t *esp_eth_phy_new_jl1101(const eth_phy_config_t *config);
 #endif
 

From 1b3a7f0b6a8d927d50348b59979cae2aaa437f99 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 18:18:14 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 460/609] Bump aioesphomeapi from 44.5.0 to 44.5.1 (#14624)

Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 requirements.txt | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index 03a7cac5c7..3da2d52b44 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ platformio==6.1.19
 esptool==5.2.0
 click==8.3.1
 esphome-dashboard==20260210.0
-aioesphomeapi==44.5.0
+aioesphomeapi==44.5.1
 zeroconf==0.148.0
 puremagic==1.30
 ruamel.yaml==0.19.1 # dashboard_import

From 9be1876fae30e97e763480eb4e73ecaf3a4fa445 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: tomaszduda23 <tomaszduda23@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 21:52:16 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 461/609] [ble_nus] make ble_nus timeout shorter than watchdog
 (#14619)

Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick+github@koston.org>
---
 esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.cpp | 9 ++++++---
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.cpp b/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.cpp
index e38dc99802..d0d37dbf1c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.cpp
@@ -71,7 +71,10 @@ bool BLENUS::read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
     this->has_peek_ = false;
     data++;
     if (--len == 0) {  // Decrement len first, then check it...
-      return true;     // No more to read
+#ifdef USE_UART_DEBUGGER
+      this->debug_callback_.call(uart::UART_DIRECTION_RX, this->peek_buffer_);
+#endif
+      return true;  // No more to read
     }
   }
 
@@ -101,10 +104,10 @@ size_t BLENUS::available() {
 }
 
 uart::FlushResult BLENUS::flush() {
-  constexpr uint32_t timeout_5sec = 5000;
+  constexpr uint32_t timeout_500ms = 500;
   uint32_t start = millis();
   while (atomic_get(&this->tx_status_) != TX_DISABLED && !ring_buf_is_empty(&global_ble_tx_ring_buf)) {
-    if (millis() - start > timeout_5sec) {
+    if (millis() - start > timeout_500ms) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Flush timeout");
       return uart::FlushResult::TIMEOUT;
     }

From ad5811280aaa9bce7ecfa49ea4c280522d5ac2c9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 10:59:43 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 462/609] =?UTF-8?q?[ci]=20Add=20medium-pr=20label=20for=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?PRs=20with=20=E2=89=A4100=20lines=20changed=20(#14628)?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 .github/scripts/auto-label-pr/constants.js | 1 +
 .github/scripts/auto-label-pr/detectors.js | 7 ++++++-
 .github/scripts/auto-label-pr/index.js     | 3 ++-
 .github/workflows/auto-label-pr.yml        | 1 +
 4 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/constants.js b/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/constants.js
index 8c3a62cf19..1c33772c4c 100644
--- a/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/constants.js
+++ b/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/constants.js
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ module.exports = {
     'chained-pr',
     'core',
     'small-pr',
+    'medium-pr',
     'dashboard',
     'github-actions',
     'by-code-owner',
diff --git a/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/detectors.js b/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/detectors.js
index 832fcb41db..fc63198019 100644
--- a/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/detectors.js
+++ b/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/detectors.js
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ async function detectCoreChanges(changedFiles) {
 }
 
 // Strategy: PR size detection
-async function detectPRSize(prFiles, totalAdditions, totalDeletions, totalChanges, isMegaPR, SMALL_PR_THRESHOLD, TOO_BIG_THRESHOLD) {
+async function detectPRSize(prFiles, totalAdditions, totalDeletions, totalChanges, isMegaPR, SMALL_PR_THRESHOLD, MEDIUM_PR_THRESHOLD, TOO_BIG_THRESHOLD) {
   const labels = new Set();
 
   if (totalChanges <= SMALL_PR_THRESHOLD) {
@@ -111,6 +111,11 @@ async function detectPRSize(prFiles, totalAdditions, totalDeletions, totalChange
     return labels;
   }
 
+  if (totalChanges <= MEDIUM_PR_THRESHOLD) {
+    labels.add('medium-pr');
+    return labels;
+  }
+
   const testAdditions = prFiles
     .filter(file => file.filename.startsWith('tests/'))
     .reduce((sum, file) => sum + (file.additions || 0), 0);
diff --git a/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/index.js b/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/index.js
index 483d2cb626..42588c0bc8 100644
--- a/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/index.js
+++ b/.github/scripts/auto-label-pr/index.js
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ async function fetchApiData() {
 module.exports = async ({ github, context }) => {
   // Environment variables
   const SMALL_PR_THRESHOLD = parseInt(process.env.SMALL_PR_THRESHOLD);
+  const MEDIUM_PR_THRESHOLD = parseInt(process.env.MEDIUM_PR_THRESHOLD);
   const MAX_LABELS = parseInt(process.env.MAX_LABELS);
   const TOO_BIG_THRESHOLD = parseInt(process.env.TOO_BIG_THRESHOLD);
   const COMPONENT_LABEL_THRESHOLD = parseInt(process.env.COMPONENT_LABEL_THRESHOLD);
@@ -120,7 +121,7 @@ module.exports = async ({ github, context }) => {
     detectNewComponents(prFiles),
     detectNewPlatforms(prFiles, apiData),
     detectCoreChanges(changedFiles),
-    detectPRSize(prFiles, totalAdditions, totalDeletions, totalChanges, isMegaPR, SMALL_PR_THRESHOLD, TOO_BIG_THRESHOLD),
+    detectPRSize(prFiles, totalAdditions, totalDeletions, totalChanges, isMegaPR, SMALL_PR_THRESHOLD, MEDIUM_PR_THRESHOLD, TOO_BIG_THRESHOLD),
     detectDashboardChanges(changedFiles),
     detectGitHubActionsChanges(changedFiles),
     detectCodeOwner(github, context, changedFiles),
diff --git a/.github/workflows/auto-label-pr.yml b/.github/workflows/auto-label-pr.yml
index 6fcb50b70a..6376cf877e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/auto-label-pr.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/auto-label-pr.yml
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ permissions:
 
 env:
   SMALL_PR_THRESHOLD: 30
+  MEDIUM_PR_THRESHOLD: 100
   MAX_LABELS: 15
   TOO_BIG_THRESHOLD: 1000
   COMPONENT_LABEL_THRESHOLD: 10

From 50b3f9d25cb91b31fb0adc6bad090f2f5bb3d778 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Keith Burzinski <kbx81x@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 17:09:06 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 463/609] [mixer_speaker] Add task debounce (#14581)

---
 .../mixer/speaker/mixer_speaker.cpp           | 25 ++++++++++++++-----
 .../components/mixer/speaker/mixer_speaker.h  |  7 +++---
 2 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/mixer_speaker.cpp b/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/mixer_speaker.cpp
index 8e1278206f..9d11abb327 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/mixer_speaker.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/mixer_speaker.cpp
@@ -11,14 +11,14 @@
 #include <array>
 #include <cstring>
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace mixer_speaker {
+namespace esphome::mixer_speaker {
 
 static const UBaseType_t MIXER_TASK_PRIORITY = 10;
 
 static const uint32_t STOPPING_TIMEOUT_MS = 5000;
 static const uint32_t TRANSFER_BUFFER_DURATION_MS = 50;
 static const uint32_t TASK_DELAY_MS = 25;
+static const uint32_t MIXER_AUTO_STOP_DEBOUNCE_MS = 200;
 
 static const size_t TASK_STACK_SIZE = 4096;
 
@@ -471,6 +471,7 @@ void MixerSpeaker::loop() {
     this->task_.deallocate();
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Stopped");
     xEventGroupClearBits(this->event_group_, MIXER_TASK_ALL_BITS);
+    this->all_stopped_since_ms_ = 0;
   }
 
   if (this->task_.is_created()) {
@@ -483,8 +484,18 @@ void MixerSpeaker::loop() {
     }
 
     if (all_stopped) {
-      // Send stop command signal to the mixer task since no source speakers are active
-      xEventGroupSetBits(this->event_group_, MIXER_TASK_COMMAND_STOP);
+      if (this->all_stopped_since_ms_ == 0) {
+        this->all_stopped_since_ms_ = millis();
+      } else if ((millis() - this->all_stopped_since_ms_) >= MIXER_AUTO_STOP_DEBOUNCE_MS) {
+        // Send stop command only after a short debounce to avoid stop/start thrash during rapid seeks.
+        xEventGroupSetBits(this->event_group_, MIXER_TASK_COMMAND_STOP);
+      }
+    } else {
+      this->all_stopped_since_ms_ = 0;
+      // New activity detected; clear any stale auto-stop request before it can stop the running task.
+      if (event_group_bits & MIXER_TASK_COMMAND_STOP) {
+        xEventGroupClearBits(this->event_group_, MIXER_TASK_COMMAND_STOP);
+      }
     }
   } else {
     // Task is fully stopped and cleaned up, check if we can disable loop
@@ -515,6 +526,9 @@ esp_err_t MixerSpeaker::start(audio::AudioStreamInfo &stream_info) {
 
   this->enable_loop_soon_any_context();  // ensure loop processes command
 
+  // Starting a new stream supersedes any previously queued stop request.
+  xEventGroupClearBits(this->event_group_, MIXER_TASK_COMMAND_STOP);
+
   uint32_t event_bits = xEventGroupGetBits(this->event_group_);
   if (!(event_bits & MIXER_TASK_COMMAND_START)) {
     // Set MIXER_TASK_COMMAND_START bit if not already set, and then immediately wake for low latency
@@ -755,7 +769,6 @@ void MixerSpeaker::audio_mixer_task(void *params) {
   vTaskSuspend(nullptr);  // Suspend this task indefinitely until the loop method deletes it
 }
 
-}  // namespace mixer_speaker
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::mixer_speaker
 
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/mixer_speaker.h b/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/mixer_speaker.h
index 0e0b33c39b..29876ea262 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/mixer_speaker.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/mixer_speaker.h
@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@
 
 #include <atomic>
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace mixer_speaker {
+namespace esphome::mixer_speaker {
 
 /* Classes for mixing several source speaker audio streams and writing it to another speaker component.
  *  - Volume controls are passed through to the output speaker
@@ -200,9 +199,9 @@ class MixerSpeaker : public Component {
   optional<audio::AudioStreamInfo> audio_stream_info_;
 
   std::atomic<uint32_t> frames_in_pipeline_{0};  // Frames written to output but not yet played
+  uint32_t all_stopped_since_ms_{0};             // Debounce transient all-stopped windows before stopping task
 };
 
-}  // namespace mixer_speaker
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::mixer_speaker
 
 #endif

From d5dc4a39cb6f10fef73d4950fd21db3beca0f83a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 18:10:43 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 464/609] [i2s_audio] Fix mono sample swap and block 8-bit mono
 on ESP32 (#14516)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@koston.org>
---
 .../components/i2s_audio/microphone/__init__.py |  6 ++++++
 .../microphone/i2s_audio_microphone.cpp         | 17 +++++++++--------
 .../components/i2s_audio/speaker/__init__.py    | 13 +++++++++----
 .../i2s_audio/speaker/i2s_audio_speaker.cpp     | 16 ++++++++--------
 .../speaker/media_player/audio_pipeline.cpp     |  2 +-
 5 files changed, 33 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/__init__.py b/esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/__init__.py
index dd23673db5..bf583b9f81 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/__init__.py
@@ -46,6 +46,12 @@ def _validate_esp32_variant(config):
     if config[CONF_ADC_TYPE] == "external":
         if config[CONF_PDM] and variant not in PDM_VARIANTS:
             raise cv.Invalid(f"{variant} does not support PDM")
+        if (
+            variant == esp32.VARIANT_ESP32
+            and config.get(CONF_BITS_PER_SAMPLE) == 8
+            and config.get(CONF_CHANNEL) in (CONF_LEFT, CONF_RIGHT)
+        ):
+            raise cv.Invalid("8-bit mono mode is not supported on ESP32")
         return config
     if config[CONF_ADC_TYPE] == "internal":
         if variant not in INTERNAL_ADC_VARIANTS:
diff --git a/esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/i2s_audio_microphone.cpp b/esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/i2s_audio_microphone.cpp
index cdebc214e2..eb4506071e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/i2s_audio_microphone.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/i2s_audio_microphone.cpp
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ bool I2SAudioMicrophone::start_driver_() {
   }
 
   /* Before reading data, start the RX channel first */
-  i2s_channel_enable(this->rx_handle_);
+  err = i2s_channel_enable(this->rx_handle_);
   if (err != ESP_OK) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Enabling failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
     return false;
@@ -454,13 +454,14 @@ size_t I2SAudioMicrophone::read_(uint8_t *buf, size_t len, TickType_t ticks_to_w
   }
   this->status_clear_warning();
 #if defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32) and not defined(USE_I2S_LEGACY)
-  // For ESP32 8/16 bit standard mono mode samples need to be switched.
-  if (this->slot_mode_ == I2S_SLOT_MODE_MONO && this->slot_bit_width_ <= 16 && !this->pdm_) {
-    size_t samples_read = bytes_read / sizeof(int16_t);
-    for (int i = 0; i < samples_read; i += 2) {
-      int16_t tmp = buf[i];
-      buf[i] = buf[i + 1];
-      buf[i + 1] = tmp;
+  // For ESP32 16-bit standard mono mode, adjacent samples need to be swapped.
+  if (this->slot_mode_ == I2S_SLOT_MODE_MONO && this->slot_bit_width_ == I2S_SLOT_BIT_WIDTH_16BIT && !this->pdm_) {
+    int16_t *samples = reinterpret_cast<int16_t *>(buf);
+    size_t sample_count = bytes_read / sizeof(int16_t);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i + 1 < sample_count; i += 2) {
+      int16_t tmp = samples[i];
+      samples[i] = samples[i + 1];
+      samples[i + 1] = tmp;
     }
   }
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/i2s_audio/speaker/__init__.py b/esphome/components/i2s_audio/speaker/__init__.py
index 2e009a1de1..b84cf7de3b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2s_audio/speaker/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/i2s_audio/speaker/__init__.py
@@ -100,11 +100,16 @@ def _set_stream_limits(config):
 
 
 def _validate_esp32_variant(config):
-    if config[CONF_DAC_TYPE] != "internal":
-        return config
     variant = esp32.get_esp32_variant()
-    if variant not in INTERNAL_DAC_VARIANTS:
-        raise cv.Invalid(f"{variant} does not have an internal DAC")
+    if config[CONF_DAC_TYPE] == "internal":
+        if variant not in INTERNAL_DAC_VARIANTS:
+            raise cv.Invalid(f"{variant} does not have an internal DAC")
+    elif (
+        variant == esp32.VARIANT_ESP32
+        and config.get(CONF_BITS_PER_SAMPLE) == 8
+        and config.get(CONF_CHANNEL) in (CONF_MONO, CONF_LEFT, CONF_RIGHT)
+    ):
+        raise cv.Invalid("8-bit mono mode is not supported on ESP32")
     return config
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/i2s_audio/speaker/i2s_audio_speaker.cpp b/esphome/components/i2s_audio/speaker/i2s_audio_speaker.cpp
index c934d12d65..a996702f8b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2s_audio/speaker/i2s_audio_speaker.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/i2s_audio/speaker/i2s_audio_speaker.cpp
@@ -372,15 +372,15 @@ void I2SAudioSpeaker::speaker_task(void *params) {
         }
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32
-        // For ESP32 8/16 bit mono mode samples need to be switched.
+        // For ESP32 16-bit mono mode, adjacent samples need to be swapped.
         if (this_speaker->current_stream_info_.get_channels() == 1 &&
-            this_speaker->current_stream_info_.get_bits_per_sample() <= 16) {
-          size_t len = bytes_read / sizeof(int16_t);
-          int16_t *tmp_buf = (int16_t *) new_data;
-          for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i += 2) {
-            int16_t tmp = tmp_buf[i];
-            tmp_buf[i] = tmp_buf[i + 1];
-            tmp_buf[i + 1] = tmp;
+            this_speaker->current_stream_info_.get_bits_per_sample() == 16) {
+          int16_t *samples = reinterpret_cast<int16_t *>(new_data);
+          size_t sample_count = bytes_read / sizeof(int16_t);
+          for (size_t i = 0; i + 1 < sample_count; i += 2) {
+            int16_t tmp = samples[i];
+            samples[i] = samples[i + 1];
+            samples[i + 1] = tmp;
           }
         }
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/audio_pipeline.cpp b/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/audio_pipeline.cpp
index 8cea3abcfc..0822d80254 100644
--- a/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/audio_pipeline.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/audio_pipeline.cpp
@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ void AudioPipeline::decode_task(void *params) {
         if (!started_playback && has_stream_info) {
           // Verify enough data is available before starting playback
           std::shared_ptr<RingBuffer> temp_ring_buffer = this_pipeline->raw_file_ring_buffer_.lock();
-          if (temp_ring_buffer->available() >= initial_bytes_to_buffer) {
+          if (temp_ring_buffer != nullptr && temp_ring_buffer->available() >= initial_bytes_to_buffer) {
             started_playback = true;
           }
         }

From e7730cff0024a9d48680ef6f2a2771f7461b6705 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 13:59:40 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 465/609] [esp32_ble] Optimize BLE event hot path performance
 (#14627)

---
 esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_event.h | 18 ++++++------------
 esphome/core/lock_free_queue.h           | 10 +++++++++-
 2 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_event.h b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_event.h
index 299fd7705f..ba87fd8805 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_event.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_event.h
@@ -155,44 +155,38 @@ class BLEEvent {
   void release() {
     switch (this->type_) {
       case GAP:
-        // GAP events don't have heap allocations
+        // GAP events never have heap allocations
         break;
       case GATTC:
-        // Param is now stored inline, only delete heap data if it was heap-allocated
         if (!this->event_.gattc.is_inline && this->event_.gattc.data.heap_data != nullptr) {
           delete[] this->event_.gattc.data.heap_data;
+          this->event_.gattc.data.heap_data = nullptr;
         }
-        // Clear critical fields to prevent issues if type changes
-        this->event_.gattc.is_inline = false;
-        this->event_.gattc.data.heap_data = nullptr;
         break;
       case GATTS:
-        // Param is now stored inline, only delete heap data if it was heap-allocated
         if (!this->event_.gatts.is_inline && this->event_.gatts.data.heap_data != nullptr) {
           delete[] this->event_.gatts.data.heap_data;
+          this->event_.gatts.data.heap_data = nullptr;
         }
-        // Clear critical fields to prevent issues if type changes
-        this->event_.gatts.is_inline = false;
-        this->event_.gatts.data.heap_data = nullptr;
         break;
     }
   }
 
   // Load new event data for reuse (replaces previous event data)
+  // Note: release() is NOT called here because EventPool::release() already
+  // calls event->release() before returning to the free list. Every event
+  // from allocate() is already in a clean state.
   void load_gap_event(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t e, esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t *p) {
-    this->release();
     this->type_ = GAP;
     this->init_gap_data_(e, p);
   }
 
   void load_gattc_event(esp_gattc_cb_event_t e, esp_gatt_if_t i, esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *p) {
-    this->release();
     this->type_ = GATTC;
     this->init_gattc_data_(e, i, p);
   }
 
   void load_gatts_event(esp_gatts_cb_event_t e, esp_gatt_if_t i, esp_ble_gatts_cb_param_t *p) {
-    this->release();
     this->type_ = GATTS;
     this->init_gatts_data_(e, i, p);
   }
diff --git a/esphome/core/lock_free_queue.h b/esphome/core/lock_free_queue.h
index 522fbd36e1..316186ea54 100644
--- a/esphome/core/lock_free_queue.h
+++ b/esphome/core/lock_free_queue.h
@@ -104,7 +104,15 @@ template<class T, uint8_t SIZE> class LockFreeQueue {
     }
   }
 
-  uint16_t get_and_reset_dropped_count() { return dropped_count_.exchange(0, std::memory_order_relaxed); }
+  uint16_t get_and_reset_dropped_count() {
+    // Fast path: relaxed load is a single instruction on all platforms.
+    // The atomic exchange (especially for uint16_t on Xtensa) compiles to
+    // an expensive sub-word CAS retry loop (~25 instructions + memory barriers).
+    // Since drops are rare, avoid the exchange in the common case.
+    if (dropped_count_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) == 0)
+      return 0;
+    return dropped_count_.exchange(0, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  }
 
   void increment_dropped_count() { dropped_count_.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed); }
 

From 76c567a71cec76ca820ee0b23107b4258276b72e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 14:00:04 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 466/609] [scheduler] Use std::atomic<uint8_t> instead of
 std::atomic<bool> for remove flag (#14626)

---
 esphome/core/scheduler.h | 12 +++++++-----
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/scheduler.h b/esphome/core/scheduler.h
index cefbdd1b22..eb6cea4f37 100644
--- a/esphome/core/scheduler.h
+++ b/esphome/core/scheduler.h
@@ -178,9 +178,11 @@ class Scheduler {
     uint16_t next_execution_high_;  // Upper 16 bits (millis_major counter)
 
 #ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS
-    // Multi-threaded with atomics: use atomic for lock-free access
-    // Place atomic<bool> separately since it can't be packed with bit fields
-    std::atomic<bool> remove{false};
+    // Multi-threaded with atomics: use atomic uint8_t for lock-free access.
+    // std::atomic<bool> is not used because GCC on Xtensa generates an indirect
+    // function call for std::atomic<bool>::load() instead of inlining it.
+    // std::atomic<uint8_t> inlines correctly on all platforms.
+    std::atomic<uint8_t> remove{0};
 
     // Bit-packed fields (4 bits used, 4 bits padding in 1 byte)
     enum Type : uint8_t { TIMEOUT, INTERVAL } type : 1;
@@ -204,7 +206,7 @@ class Scheduler {
           next_execution_low_(0),
           next_execution_high_(0),
 #ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS
-          // remove is initialized in the member declaration as std::atomic<bool>{false}
+          // remove is initialized in the member declaration
           type(TIMEOUT),
           name_type_(NameType::STATIC_STRING),
           is_retry(false) {
@@ -508,7 +510,7 @@ class Scheduler {
     // Multi-threaded with atomics: use atomic store with appropriate ordering
     // Release ordering when setting to true ensures cancellation is visible to other threads
     // Relaxed ordering when setting to false is sufficient for initialization
-    item->remove.store(removed, removed ? std::memory_order_release : std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    item->remove.store(removed ? 1 : 0, removed ? std::memory_order_release : std::memory_order_relaxed);
 #else
     // Single-threaded (ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE) or
     // multi-threaded without atomics (ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_NO_ATOMICS): direct write

From 771404668d04418b377c660398f6ae1812d8bdd5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 14:01:01 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 467/609] [api] Inline fast path of try_to_clear_buffer
 (#14630)

---
 esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp |  6 +-----
 esphome/components/api/api_connection.h   | 10 +++++++++-
 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
index 43f5070a40..28a770a4fb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
@@ -1945,11 +1945,7 @@ void APIConnection::on_noise_encryption_set_key_request(const NoiseEncryptionSet
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
 void APIConnection::on_subscribe_home_assistant_states_request() { state_subs_at_ = 0; }
 #endif
-bool APIConnection::try_to_clear_buffer(bool log_out_of_space) {
-  if (this->flags_.remove)
-    return false;
-  if (this->helper_->can_write_without_blocking())
-    return true;
+bool APIConnection::try_to_clear_buffer_slow_(bool log_out_of_space) {
   delay(0);
   APIError err = this->helper_->loop();
   if (err != APIError::OK) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
index 5d1469e419..ccb51186d6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
@@ -305,7 +305,13 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
     this->prepare_first_message_buffer(shared_buf, header_padding, payload_size + header_padding + footer_size);
   }
 
-  bool try_to_clear_buffer(bool log_out_of_space);
+  bool try_to_clear_buffer(bool log_out_of_space) {
+    if (this->flags_.remove)
+      return false;
+    if (this->helper_->can_write_without_blocking())
+      return true;
+    return this->try_to_clear_buffer_slow_(log_out_of_space);
+  }
   bool send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, uint8_t message_type) override;
 
   const char *get_name() const { return this->helper_->get_client_name(); }
@@ -315,6 +321,8 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
   }
 
  protected:
+  bool try_to_clear_buffer_slow_(bool log_out_of_space);
+
   // Helper function to handle authentication completion
   void complete_authentication_();
 

From 66a5ad0d75cf90ebc22ca85d139a698090be30ed Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 14:06:55 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 468/609] [core] Skip zero-initialization of StaticVector data
 array (#14592)

---
 esphome/core/helpers.h | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/helpers.h b/esphome/core/helpers.h
index 6ce5de4975..11e0afe526 100644
--- a/esphome/core/helpers.h
+++ b/esphome/core/helpers.h
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ template<typename T, size_t N> class StaticVector {
   using const_reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>;
 
  private:
-  std::array<T, N> data_{};
+  std::array<T, N> data_;  // intentionally not value-initialized to avoid memset
   size_t count_{0};
 
  public:

From 93d7ec4d72dc77df92b01b3ca84cb29264e46ae5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 14:07:59 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 469/609] [esp32_ble] Inline ble_addr_to_uint64 to eliminate
 call overhead (#14591)

---
 esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp | 11 -----------
 esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h   | 11 ++++++++++-
 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp
index 7fa5370072..ff9d9bb15a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp
@@ -727,17 +727,6 @@ void ESP32BLE::dump_config() {
   }
 }
 
-uint64_t ble_addr_to_uint64(const esp_bd_addr_t address) {
-  uint64_t u = 0;
-  u |= uint64_t(address[0] & 0xFF) << 40;
-  u |= uint64_t(address[1] & 0xFF) << 32;
-  u |= uint64_t(address[2] & 0xFF) << 24;
-  u |= uint64_t(address[3] & 0xFF) << 16;
-  u |= uint64_t(address[4] & 0xFF) << 8;
-  u |= uint64_t(address[5] & 0xFF) << 0;
-  return u;
-}
-
 ESP32BLE *global_ble = nullptr;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
 }  // namespace esphome::esp32_ble
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h
index 2ce17e97be..04bec3f785 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h
@@ -35,7 +35,16 @@ static constexpr uint8_t MAX_BLE_QUEUE_SIZE = 100;  // 64 + 36 (ring buffer size
 static constexpr uint8_t MAX_BLE_QUEUE_SIZE = 88;  // 64 + 24 (ring buffer size without PSRAM)
 #endif
 
-uint64_t ble_addr_to_uint64(const esp_bd_addr_t address);
+inline uint64_t ble_addr_to_uint64(const esp_bd_addr_t address) {
+  uint64_t u = 0;
+  u |= uint64_t(address[0] & 0xFF) << 40;
+  u |= uint64_t(address[1] & 0xFF) << 32;
+  u |= uint64_t(address[2] & 0xFF) << 24;
+  u |= uint64_t(address[3] & 0xFF) << 16;
+  u |= uint64_t(address[4] & 0xFF) << 8;
+  u |= uint64_t(address[5] & 0xFF) << 0;
+  return u;
+}
 
 // NOLINTNEXTLINE(modernize-use-using)
 typedef struct {

From 88536ff72bce462b8290d48ca7bc2f3f40a5e9b8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 14:31:42 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 470/609] [modbus] Fix timeout for non-hardware UARTs (e.g.,
 USB UART) (#14614)

Co-authored-by: Clyde Stubbs <2366188+clydebarrow@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/modbus/modbus.cpp          | 18 ++++-
 esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h      |  6 +-
 .../external_components/uart_mock/__init__.py |  8 +-
 .../uart_mock/automation.h                    | 16 +++-
 .../uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp                   | 20 +++++
 .../external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.h | 10 +++
 .../uart_mock_modbus_no_threshold.yaml        | 64 +++++++++++++++
 tests/integration/test_uart_mock_modbus.py    | 79 +++++++++++++++++++
 8 files changed, 213 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_no_threshold.yaml

diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.cpp b/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.cpp
index 28e26e307e..82672217c5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.cpp
@@ -11,6 +11,11 @@ static const char *const TAG = "modbus";
 // Maximum bytes to log for Modbus frames (truncated if larger)
 static constexpr size_t MODBUS_MAX_LOG_BYTES = 64;
 
+// Approximate bits per character on the wire (depends on parity/stop bit config)
+static constexpr uint32_t MODBUS_BITS_PER_CHAR = 11;
+// Milliseconds per second
+static constexpr uint32_t MS_PER_SEC = 1000;
+
 void Modbus::setup() {
   if (this->flow_control_pin_ != nullptr) {
     this->flow_control_pin_->setup();
@@ -19,10 +24,17 @@ void Modbus::setup() {
   this->frame_delay_ms_ =
       std::max(2,  // 1750us minimum per spec - rounded up to 2ms.
                    // 3.5 characters * 11 bits per character * 1000ms/sec / (bits/sec) (Standard modbus frame delay)
-               (uint16_t) (3.5 * 11 * 1000 / this->parent_->get_baud_rate()) + 1);
+               (uint16_t) (3.5 * MODBUS_BITS_PER_CHAR * MS_PER_SEC / this->parent_->get_baud_rate()) + 1);
 
+  // When rx_full_threshold is configured (non-zero), the UART has a hardware FIFO with a
+  // meaningful threshold (e.g., ESP32 native UART), so we can calculate a precise delay.
+  // Otherwise (e.g., USB UART), use 50ms to handle data arriving in chunks.
+  static constexpr uint16_t DEFAULT_LONG_RX_BUFFER_DELAY_MS = 50;
+  size_t rx_threshold = this->parent_->get_rx_full_threshold();
   this->long_rx_buffer_delay_ms_ =
-      (this->parent_->get_rx_full_threshold() * 11 * 1000 / this->parent_->get_baud_rate()) + 1;
+      rx_threshold != uart::UARTComponent::RX_FULL_THRESHOLD_UNSET
+          ? (rx_threshold * MODBUS_BITS_PER_CHAR * MS_PER_SEC / this->parent_->get_baud_rate()) + 1
+          : DEFAULT_LONG_RX_BUFFER_DELAY_MS;
 }
 
 void Modbus::loop() {
@@ -290,7 +302,7 @@ void Modbus::send_next_frame_() {
     this->last_send_tx_offset_ = 0;
   } else {
     this->write_array(frame.data.get(), frame.size);
-    this->last_send_tx_offset_ = frame.size * 11 * 1000 / this->parent_->get_baud_rate() + 1;
+    this->last_send_tx_offset_ = frame.size * MODBUS_BITS_PER_CHAR * MS_PER_SEC / this->parent_->get_baud_rate() + 1;
   }
 
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h
index 3d7e71b89f..853de719fe 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component.h
@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ enum class FlushResult {
 
 class UARTComponent {
  public:
+  static constexpr size_t RX_FULL_THRESHOLD_UNSET = 0;
+
   // Writes an array of bytes to the UART bus.
   // @param data A vector of bytes to be written.
   void write_array(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) { this->write_array(&data[0], data.size()); }
@@ -201,7 +203,9 @@ class UARTComponent {
   InternalGPIOPin *rx_pin_{};
   InternalGPIOPin *flow_control_pin_{};
   size_t rx_buffer_size_{};
-  size_t rx_full_threshold_{1};
+  // ESP32 (both Arduino and ESP-IDF) always sets this at codegen time via set_rx_full_threshold().
+  // Other platforms (USB UART, Arduino, etc.) leave it unset.
+  size_t rx_full_threshold_{RX_FULL_THRESHOLD_UNSET};
   size_t rx_timeout_{0};
   uint32_t baud_rate_{0};
   uint8_t stop_bits_{0};
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/__init__.py b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/__init__.py
index c10d73354e..fdd481b397 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/__init__.py
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CONFIG_INJECT_RX_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
     {
         cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(MockUartComponent),
         cv.Required("data"): cv.templatable(validate_raw_data),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_DELAY): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
     },
     key=CONF_DATA,
 )
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
         cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(MockUartComponent),
         cv.Required(CONF_BAUD_RATE): cv.int_range(min=1),
         cv.Optional(CONF_RX_BUFFER_SIZE, default=256): cv.validate_bytes,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_RX_FULL_THRESHOLD, default=10): cv.int_range(min=1, max=120),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_RX_FULL_THRESHOLD): cv.int_range(min=1, max=120),
         cv.Optional(CONF_RX_TIMEOUT, default=2): cv.int_range(min=0, max=92),
         cv.Optional(CONF_STOP_BITS, default=1): cv.one_of(1, 2, int=True),
         cv.Optional(CONF_DATA_BITS, default=8): cv.int_range(min=5, max=8),
@@ -126,6 +127,8 @@ async def inject_rx_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
         arr_id = ID(f"{action_id}_data", is_declaration=True, type=cg.uint8)
         arr = cg.static_const_array(arr_id, cg.ArrayInitializer(*data))
         cg.add(var.set_data_static(arr, len(data)))
+    if CONF_DELAY in config:
+        cg.add(var.set_delay(config[CONF_DELAY]))
     return var
 
 
@@ -135,7 +138,8 @@ async def to_code(config):
 
     cg.add(var.set_baud_rate(config[CONF_BAUD_RATE]))
     cg.add(var.set_rx_buffer_size(config[CONF_RX_BUFFER_SIZE]))
-    cg.add(var.set_rx_full_threshold(config[CONF_RX_FULL_THRESHOLD]))
+    if CONF_RX_FULL_THRESHOLD in config:
+        cg.add(var.set_rx_full_threshold(config[CONF_RX_FULL_THRESHOLD]))
     cg.add(var.set_rx_timeout(config[CONF_RX_TIMEOUT]))
     cg.add(var.set_stop_bits(config[CONF_STOP_BITS]))
     cg.add(var.set_data_bits(config[CONF_DATA_BITS]))
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/automation.h b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/automation.h
index 83a057d3a0..b2336ad065 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/automation.h
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/automation.h
@@ -22,18 +22,30 @@ template<typename... Ts> class MockUartInjectRXAction : public Action<Ts...>, pu
     this->len_ = len;  // Length >= 0 indicates static mode
   }
 
+  void set_delay(uint32_t delay_ms) { this->delay_ms_ = delay_ms; }
+
   void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     if (this->len_ >= 0) {
       // Static mode: use pointer and length
-      this->parent_->inject_to_rx_buffer(this->code_.data, static_cast<size_t>(this->len_));
+      if (this->delay_ms_ > 0) {
+        std::vector<uint8_t> data(this->code_.data, this->code_.data + this->len_);
+        this->parent_->inject_to_rx_buffer_delayed(data, this->delay_ms_);
+      } else {
+        this->parent_->inject_to_rx_buffer(this->code_.data, static_cast<size_t>(this->len_));
+      }
     } else {
       // Template mode: call function
       auto val = this->code_.func(x...);
-      this->parent_->inject_to_rx_buffer(val);
+      if (this->delay_ms_ > 0) {
+        this->parent_->inject_to_rx_buffer_delayed(val, this->delay_ms_);
+      } else {
+        this->parent_->inject_to_rx_buffer(val);
+      }
     }
   }
 
  protected:
+  uint32_t delay_ms_{0};
   ssize_t len_{-1};  // -1 = template mode, >=0 = static mode with length
   union Code {
     std::vector<uint8_t> (*func)(Ts...);  // Function pointer (stateless lambdas)
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp
index 1edeb97cf1..1a15da76d1 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.cpp
@@ -53,6 +53,15 @@ void MockUartComponent::loop() {
     }
   }
 
+  // Process staged RX - deliver bytes whose delay has elapsed
+  uint32_t now_ms = millis();
+  while (!this->staged_rx_.empty() && (static_cast<int32_t>(now_ms - this->staged_rx_.front().available_at_ms) >= 0)) {
+    auto &staged = this->staged_rx_.front();
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Delivering %zu staged RX bytes", staged.data.size());
+    this->inject_to_rx_buffer(staged.data);
+    this->staged_rx_.pop_front();
+  }
+
   // Process delayed responses
   for (auto &response : this->responses_) {
     if (response.delay_ms > 0 && response.last_match_ms > 0 && now - response.last_match_ms >= response.delay_ms) {
@@ -209,4 +218,15 @@ void MockUartComponent::inject_to_rx_buffer(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
   }
 }
 
+void MockUartComponent::inject_to_rx_buffer_delayed(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, uint32_t delay_ms) {
+  if (!data.empty() && data.size() <= 64) {
+    char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(64)];
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Staging %zu RX bytes with %ums delay: %s", data.size(), delay_ms,
+             format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, sizeof(hex_buf), data.data(), data.size()));
+  } else if (data.size() > 64) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Staging %zu RX bytes with %ums delay (too large to log inline)", data.size(), delay_ms);
+  }
+  this->staged_rx_.push_back({data, millis() + delay_ms});
+}
+
 }  // namespace esphome::uart_mock
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.h b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.h
index c9afb96357..82e3b3d563 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.h
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/uart_mock/uart_mock.h
@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@ class MockUartComponent : public uart::UARTComponent, public Component {
   void set_tx_hook(std::function<void(const std::vector<uint8_t> &)> &&cb) { this->tx_hook_ = std::move(cb); }
   void inject_to_rx_buffer(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data);
   void inject_to_rx_buffer(const uint8_t *data, size_t len);
+  // Stage bytes for delayed delivery - simulates transport-level latency (e.g., USB packets)
+  void inject_to_rx_buffer_delayed(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, uint32_t delay_ms);
 
  protected:
   void check_logger_conflict() override {}
@@ -82,6 +84,14 @@ class MockUartComponent : public uart::UARTComponent, public Component {
   };
   std::vector<PeriodicRx> periodic_rx_;
 
+  // Staged RX - bytes that are pending delivery after a delay
+  // Simulates transport-level latency (e.g., USB packet delivery)
+  struct StagedRx {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> data;
+    uint32_t available_at_ms;  // millis() time when bytes become available
+  };
+  std::deque<StagedRx> staged_rx_;
+
   // Observability
   uint32_t tx_count_{0};
   uint32_t rx_count_{0};
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_no_threshold.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_no_threshold.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e3e8c8c8da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_modbus_no_threshold.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-modbus-no-thresh
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Dummy uart entry to satisfy modbus's DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+# The actual UART bus used is the uart_mock component below
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+# Simulate a non-hardware UART (e.g., USB UART) by not setting rx_full_threshold.
+# This leaves it at the default sentinel value (0), triggering the 50ms fallback timeout.
+uart_mock:
+  - id: virtual_uart_dev
+    baud_rate: 9600
+    auto_start: false
+    debug:
+    on_tx:
+      - then:
+          - if:
+              condition: #Read 80 input registers on device 2, starting at address 0 (SDM meter request)
+                lambda: "return data == std::vector<uint8_t>({0x02,0x04,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x50,0xF0,0x05});"
+              then:
+                - uart_mock.inject_rx: # First USB packet: SDM meter response part 1
+                    !lambda return {0x02,0x04,0xA0,0x43,0x73,0x19,0x9A,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+                    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+                    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+                    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3F,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+                    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+                    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+                    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00};
+                - uart_mock.inject_rx: # Second USB packet: rest of response (staged with 40ms latency)
+                    delay: 40ms
+                    data: !lambda return{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+                      0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x42,0x6F,0xCC,0xCD,0x43,0x7C,0xB8,0x10,0x3D,0x38,0x51,0xEC,
+                      0x43,0x81,0x1B,0xE7,0x3B,0x03,0x12,0x6F,0x50,0x1B};
+
+modbus:
+  uart_id: virtual_uart_dev
+  turnaround_time: 10ms
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: sdm_meter
+    address: 2
+    update_interval: 1s
+    phase_a:
+      voltage:
+        name: sdm_voltage
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    id: start_scenario_btn
+    on_press:
+      - lambda: 'id(virtual_uart_dev).start_scenario();'
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_modbus.py b/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_modbus.py
index 6901dc27fe..e341d86f53 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_modbus.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_modbus.py
@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@ test_uart_mock_modbus :
   1. Read a single register and parse successfully (basic_register)
   2. Read multiple registers from SDM meter and parse successfully (sdm_voltage), with some intermediate delay to simulate UART buffer time.
 
+test_uart_mock_modbus_no_threshold :
+  Test modbus with no rx_full_threshold set (simulating USB UART / non-hardware UART).
+  Verifies the 50ms fallback timeout handles chunked data with USB packet gaps.
+
 """
 
 from __future__ import annotations
@@ -218,3 +222,78 @@ async def test_uart_mock_modbus_timing(
                 f"Timeout waiting for SDM voltage change. Received sensor states:\n"
                 f"  sdm_voltage: {sensor_states['sdm_voltage']}\n"
             )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_uart_mock_modbus_no_threshold(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test modbus with no rx_full_threshold (simulating USB UART).
+
+    Without the 50ms fallback timeout, the chunked response with a 40ms gap
+    between USB packets would cause a false timeout and CRC failure cascade.
+    """
+    # Replace external component path placeholder
+    external_components_path = str(
+        Path(__file__).parent / "fixtures" / "external_components"
+    )
+    yaml_config = yaml_config.replace(
+        "EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH", external_components_path
+    )
+
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+
+    # Track sensor state updates (after initial state is swallowed)
+    sensor_states: dict[str, list[float]] = {
+        "sdm_voltage": [],
+    }
+
+    voltage_changed = loop.create_future()
+
+    def on_state(state: EntityState) -> None:
+        if isinstance(state, SensorState) and not state.missing_state:
+            sensor_name = key_to_sensor.get(state.key)
+            if sensor_name and sensor_name in sensor_states:
+                sensor_states[sensor_name].append(state.state)
+                # Check if this is a good voltage reading (243V)
+                if (
+                    sensor_name == "sdm_voltage"
+                    and state.state > 200.0
+                    and not voltage_changed.done()
+                ):
+                    voltage_changed.set_result(True)
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        entities, _ = await client.list_entities_services()
+
+        # Build key mappings for all sensor types
+        all_names = list(sensor_states.keys())
+        key_to_sensor = build_key_to_entity_mapping(entities, all_names)
+
+        # Set up initial state helper
+        initial_state_helper = InitialStateHelper(entities)
+        client.subscribe_states(initial_state_helper.on_state_wrapper(on_state))
+
+        try:
+            await initial_state_helper.wait_for_initial_states()
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail("Timeout waiting for initial states")
+
+        # Start the UART mock scenario now that we're subscribed
+        start_btn = find_entity(entities, "start_scenario", ButtonInfo)
+        assert start_btn is not None, "Start Scenario button not found"
+        client.button_command(start_btn.key)
+
+        # Wait for voltage to be updated with successful parse
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(voltage_changed, timeout=2.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(
+                f"Timeout waiting for SDM voltage change. Received sensor states:\n"
+                f"  sdm_voltage: {sensor_states['sdm_voltage']}\n"
+            )

From c11ad7f0e6fdbce4c65eb714e794c0791a8c7352 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 14:32:35 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 471/609] [rp2040] Wrap printf/vprintf/fprintf to eliminate
 _vfprintf_r (~9.2 KB flash) (#14622)

---
 esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py        | 17 ++++-
 esphome/components/rp2040/const.py           |  1 +
 esphome/components/rp2040/printf_stubs.cpp   | 74 ++++++++++++++++++++
 tests/components/rp2040/test.rp2040-ard.yaml |  3 +
 4 files changed, 94 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/rp2040/printf_stubs.cpp

diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py b/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py
index 1442a0a7f7..54e1db27aa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py
@@ -21,7 +21,13 @@ from esphome.const import (
 from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, EsphomeError, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.helpers import copy_file_if_changed, read_file, write_file_if_changed
 
-from .const import KEY_BOARD, KEY_PIO_FILES, KEY_RP2040, rp2040_ns
+from .const import (
+    CONF_ENABLE_FULL_PRINTF,
+    KEY_BOARD,
+    KEY_PIO_FILES,
+    KEY_RP2040,
+    rp2040_ns,
+)
 
 # force import gpio to register pin schema
 from .gpio import rp2040_pin_to_code  # noqa
@@ -153,6 +159,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
                 cv.Range(max=cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=8388)),
             ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ENABLE_FULL_PRINTF, default=False): cv.boolean,
         }
     ),
     set_core_data,
@@ -190,6 +197,14 @@ async def to_code(config):
         ],
     )
 
+    # Wrap FILE*-based printf functions to eliminate newlib's _vfprintf_r
+    # (~9.2 KB). See printf_stubs.cpp for implementation.
+    if config.get(CONF_ENABLE_FULL_PRINTF):
+        cg.add_define("USE_FULL_PRINTF")
+    else:
+        for symbol in ("vprintf", "printf", "fprintf"):
+            cg.add_build_flag(f"-Wl,--wrap={symbol}")
+
     cg.add_platformio_option("board_build.core", "earlephilhower")
     cg.add_platformio_option("board_build.filesystem_size", "1m")
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/const.py b/esphome/components/rp2040/const.py
index ab5f42d757..7eeddffc76 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/const.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/const.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 
+CONF_ENABLE_FULL_PRINTF = "enable_full_printf"
 KEY_BOARD = "board"
 KEY_RP2040 = "rp2040"
 KEY_PIO_FILES = "pio_files"
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/printf_stubs.cpp b/esphome/components/rp2040/printf_stubs.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c2174a1dec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/printf_stubs.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/*
+ * Linker wrap stubs for FILE*-based printf functions.
+ *
+ * The RP2040 Arduino framework and libraries may reference printf(),
+ * vprintf(), and fprintf() which pull in newlib's _vfprintf_r (~8.9 KB).
+ * ESPHome never uses these — all logging goes through the logger component
+ * which uses snprintf/vsnprintf, so the libc FILE*-based printf path is
+ * dead code.
+ *
+ * These stubs redirect through vsnprintf() (which is already in the binary)
+ * and fwrite(), allowing the linker to dead-code eliminate _vfprintf_r.
+ *
+ * Saves ~8.9 KB of flash.
+ */
+
+#if defined(USE_RP2040) && !defined(USE_FULL_PRINTF)
+#include <cstdarg>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+namespace esphome::rp2040 {}
+
+static constexpr size_t PRINTF_BUFFER_SIZE = 512;
+
+// These stubs are essentially dead code at runtime — ESPHome uses its own
+// logging through snprintf/vsnprintf, not libc printf.
+// The buffer overflow check is purely defensive and should never trigger.
+static int write_printf_buffer(FILE *stream, char *buf, int len) {
+  if (len < 0) {
+    return len;
+  }
+  size_t write_len = len;
+  if (write_len >= PRINTF_BUFFER_SIZE) {
+    fwrite(buf, 1, PRINTF_BUFFER_SIZE - 1, stream);
+    // Use fwrite for the message to avoid recursive __wrap_printf call
+    static const char msg[] = "\nprintf buffer overflow\n";
+    fwrite(msg, 1, sizeof(msg) - 1, stream);
+    abort();
+  }
+  if (fwrite(buf, 1, write_len, stream) < write_len || ferror(stream)) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+  return len;
+}
+
+// NOLINTBEGIN(bugprone-reserved-identifier,cert-dcl37-c,cert-dcl51-cpp,readability-identifier-naming)
+extern "C" {
+
+int __wrap_vprintf(const char *fmt, va_list ap) {
+  char buf[PRINTF_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  return write_printf_buffer(stdout, buf, vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, ap));
+}
+
+int __wrap_printf(const char *fmt, ...) {
+  va_list ap;
+  va_start(ap, fmt);
+  int len = __wrap_vprintf(fmt, ap);
+  va_end(ap);
+  return len;
+}
+
+int __wrap_fprintf(FILE *stream, const char *fmt, ...) {
+  va_list ap;
+  va_start(ap, fmt);
+  char buf[PRINTF_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  int len = write_printf_buffer(stream, buf, vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, ap));
+  va_end(ap);
+  return len;
+}
+
+}  // extern "C"
+// NOLINTEND(bugprone-reserved-identifier,cert-dcl37-c,cert-dcl51-cpp,readability-identifier-naming)
+
+#endif  // USE_RP2040 && !USE_FULL_PRINTF
diff --git a/tests/components/rp2040/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/rp2040/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
index 039a261016..1eb315a3b4 100644
--- a/tests/components/rp2040/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/rp2040/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+rp2040:
+  enable_full_printf: false
+
 logger:
   level: VERBOSE
 

From e1c849d5d22651a6e7d3457f2d5dbe206d21c386 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 14:32:47 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 472/609] [esp8266] Wrap printf/vprintf/fprintf to eliminate
 _vfiprintf_r (~1.6 KB flash) (#14621)

---
 esphome/components/esp8266/__init__.py        | 10 +++
 esphome/components/esp8266/const.py           |  1 +
 esphome/components/esp8266/printf_stubs.cpp   | 71 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../components/esp8266/test.esp8266-ard.yaml  |  3 +
 4 files changed, 85 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/esp8266/printf_stubs.cpp

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp8266/__init__.py
index 927a59fd61..1ef4f5e037 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp8266/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266/__init__.py
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ from esphome.helpers import copy_file_if_changed
 from .boards import BOARDS, ESP8266_LD_SCRIPTS
 from .const import (
     CONF_EARLY_PIN_INIT,
+    CONF_ENABLE_FULL_PRINTF,
     CONF_ENABLE_SERIAL,
     CONF_ENABLE_SERIAL1,
     CONF_RESTORE_FROM_FLASH,
@@ -179,6 +180,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_ENABLE_SERIAL): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(CONF_ENABLE_SERIAL1): cv.boolean,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ENABLE_FULL_PRINTF, default=False): cv.boolean,
         }
     ),
     set_core_data,
@@ -260,6 +262,14 @@ async def to_code(config):
     if CORE.testing_mode:
         cg.add_build_flag("-DESPHOME_TESTING_MODE")
 
+    # Wrap FILE*-based printf functions to eliminate newlib's _vfiprintf_r
+    # (~1.6 KB). See printf_stubs.cpp for implementation.
+    if config.get(CONF_ENABLE_FULL_PRINTF):
+        cg.add_define("USE_FULL_PRINTF")
+    else:
+        for symbol in ("vprintf", "printf", "fprintf"):
+            cg.add_build_flag(f"-Wl,--wrap={symbol}")
+
     cg.add_platformio_option("board_build.flash_mode", config[CONF_BOARD_FLASH_MODE])
 
     ver: cv.Version = CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION]
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266/const.py b/esphome/components/esp8266/const.py
index 229ac61f24..57eb54f0f8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp8266/const.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266/const.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ KEY_BOARD = "board"
 KEY_PIN_INITIAL_STATES = "pin_initial_states"
 CONF_RESTORE_FROM_FLASH = "restore_from_flash"
 CONF_EARLY_PIN_INIT = "early_pin_init"
+CONF_ENABLE_FULL_PRINTF = "enable_full_printf"
 CONF_ENABLE_SERIAL = "enable_serial"
 CONF_ENABLE_SERIAL1 = "enable_serial1"
 KEY_FLASH_SIZE = "flash_size"
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266/printf_stubs.cpp b/esphome/components/esp8266/printf_stubs.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e6d4a74866
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266/printf_stubs.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/*
+ * Linker wrap stubs for FILE*-based printf functions.
+ *
+ * The ESP8266 Arduino framework and libraries may reference printf(),
+ * vprintf(), and fprintf() which pull in newlib's _vfprintf_r (~900 bytes).
+ * ESPHome never uses these — all logging writes directly to the UART via
+ * Arduino's Serial, so the libc FILE*-based printf path is dead code.
+ *
+ * These stubs redirect through vsnprintf() (which is already in the binary
+ * for ESPHome's logging) and fwrite(), allowing the linker to dead-code
+ * eliminate _vfprintf_r.
+ *
+ * Saves ~1.6 KB of flash.
+ */
+
+#if defined(USE_ESP8266) && !defined(USE_FULL_PRINTF)
+#include <cstdarg>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+namespace esphome::esp8266 {}
+
+static constexpr size_t PRINTF_BUFFER_SIZE = 512;
+
+// These stubs are essentially dead code at runtime — ESPHome writes directly
+// to the UART via Arduino's Serial, and Serial.printf() has its own implementation.
+// The buffer overflow check is purely defensive and should never trigger.
+static int write_printf_buffer(FILE *stream, char *buf, int len) {
+  if (len < 0) {
+    return len;
+  }
+  size_t write_len = len;
+  if (write_len >= PRINTF_BUFFER_SIZE) {
+    fwrite(buf, 1, PRINTF_BUFFER_SIZE - 1, stream);
+    abort();
+  }
+  if (fwrite(buf, 1, write_len, stream) < write_len || ferror(stream)) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+  return len;
+}
+
+// NOLINTBEGIN(bugprone-reserved-identifier,cert-dcl37-c,cert-dcl51-cpp,readability-identifier-naming)
+extern "C" {
+
+int __wrap_vprintf(const char *fmt, va_list ap) {
+  char buf[PRINTF_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  return write_printf_buffer(stdout, buf, vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, ap));
+}
+
+int __wrap_printf(const char *fmt, ...) {
+  va_list ap;
+  va_start(ap, fmt);
+  int len = __wrap_vprintf(fmt, ap);
+  va_end(ap);
+  return len;
+}
+
+int __wrap_fprintf(FILE *stream, const char *fmt, ...) {
+  va_list ap;
+  va_start(ap, fmt);
+  char buf[PRINTF_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  int len = write_printf_buffer(stream, buf, vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, ap));
+  va_end(ap);
+  return len;
+}
+
+}  // extern "C"
+// NOLINTEND(bugprone-reserved-identifier,cert-dcl37-c,cert-dcl51-cpp,readability-identifier-naming)
+
+#endif  // USE_ESP8266 && !USE_FULL_PRINTF
diff --git a/tests/components/esp8266/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/esp8266/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
index 039a261016..c77218f7a3 100644
--- a/tests/components/esp8266/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/esp8266/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+esp8266:
+  enable_full_printf: false
+
 logger:
   level: VERBOSE
 

From aef2d74e41123f77900bc5cab37a75cfb9b6e2b1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 14:32:59 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 473/609] [ld2450] Add integration tests with mock UART
 (#14611)

---
 .../fixtures/uart_mock_ld2450.yaml            | 221 ++++++++++++++++++
 tests/integration/state_utils.py              |  28 ++-
 tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2450.py    | 204 ++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 448 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2450.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2450.py

diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2450.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2450.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..269136da68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2450.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-ld2450-test
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Dummy uart entry to satisfy ld2450's DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+# The actual UART bus used is the uart_mock component below
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+uart_mock:
+  id: mock_uart
+  baud_rate: 256000
+  auto_start: false
+  responses:
+    # Catch-all response: match any command footer (04 03 02 01).
+    # Returns a generic ACK to unblock setup commands.
+    #
+    # Response layout:
+    #   [0-3]  FD FC FB FA = header
+    #   [4-5]  04 00       = length 4
+    #   [6]    FF          = cmd (handled as CMD_ENABLE_CONF)
+    #   [7]    01          = status (ACK)
+    #   [8-9]  00 00       = error = 0
+    #   [10-13] 04 03 02 01 = footer
+    - expect_tx: [0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01]
+      inject_rx:
+        [
+          0xFD, 0xFC, 0xFB, 0xFA,
+          0x04, 0x00,
+          0xFF, 0x01,
+          0x00, 0x00,
+          0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01,
+        ]
+
+  injections:
+    # Phase 1 (t=100ms): Valid LD2450 periodic data frame - happy path
+    # The buffer is clean at this point, so this frame should parse correctly.
+    #
+    # Target 1: X=-500mm, Y=1000mm, Speed=-50mm/s (approaching), Res=320mm
+    #   X: magnitude=500 (0x01F4), negative → high=0x01, low=0xF4
+    #   Y: magnitude=1000 (0x03E8), positive → high=0x83, low=0xE8
+    #   Speed: raw=5, negative (approaching) → high=0x00, low=0x05, decoded=-50mm/s
+    #   Resolution: 320 → low=0x40, high=0x01
+    #   Distance: sqrt(500²+1000²) = sqrt(1250000) ≈ 1118mm
+    #
+    # Target 2: X=200mm, Y=500mm, Speed=0 (stationary), Res=100mm
+    #   X: magnitude=200 (0x00C8), positive → high=0x80, low=0xC8
+    #   Y: magnitude=500 (0x01F4), positive → high=0x81, low=0xF4
+    #   Speed: 0 → 0x00, 0x00
+    #   Resolution: 100 → low=0x64, high=0x00
+    #   Distance: sqrt(200²+500²) = sqrt(290000) ≈ 538mm
+    #
+    # Target 3: No target (all zeros)
+    #   Distance: 0 → sensors publish unknown/NaN
+    #
+    # Counts: target_count=2, moving_target_count=1, still_target_count=1
+    #
+    # Frame layout (30 bytes):
+    #   [0-3]   AA FF 03 00 = periodic data header
+    #   [4-11]  Target 1 (8 bytes): X_L X_H Y_L Y_H SPD_L SPD_H RES_L RES_H
+    #   [12-19] Target 2 (8 bytes)
+    #   [20-27] Target 3 (8 bytes)
+    #   [28-29] 55 CC = periodic data footer
+    - delay: 100ms
+      inject_rx:
+        [
+          0xAA, 0xFF, 0x03, 0x00,
+          0xF4, 0x01, 0xE8, 0x83, 0x05, 0x00, 0x40, 0x01,
+          0xC8, 0x80, 0xF4, 0x81, 0x00, 0x00, 0x64, 0x00,
+          0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+          0x55, 0xCC,
+        ]
+
+    # Phase 2 (t=300ms): Garbage bytes
+    # LD2450's readline_ does NOT reject bytes at position 0 (unlike LD2412),
+    # so these bytes accumulate in the buffer. buffer_pos_ goes from 0 to 7.
+    - delay: 200ms
+      inject_rx: [0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF, 0x00, 0x11, 0x22]
+
+    # Phase 3 (t=400ms): Truncated frame (header + partial data, no footer)
+    # More bytes accumulating in the buffer without a footer match.
+    # After this, buffer_pos_ = 7 + 8 = 15.
+    - delay: 100ms
+      inject_rx: [0xAA, 0xFF, 0x03, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04]
+
+    # Phase 4 (t=600ms): Overflow - inject 75 bytes of 0xFF (MAX_LINE_LENGTH=45)
+    # Buffer has 15 bytes from phases 2+3.
+    # readline_() stores bytes while buffer_pos_ < 44. When buffer_pos_ == 44,
+    # the next byte triggers overflow: logs warning, resets buffer_pos_ to 0,
+    # and discards that byte.
+    #
+    # First overflow: 29 bytes fill positions 15-43 (buffer_pos_=44), byte 30
+    #   triggers overflow (discarded). Total consumed: 30 bytes.
+    # Second overflow: 44 bytes fill positions 0-43 (buffer_pos_=44), byte 45
+    #   triggers overflow (discarded). Total consumed: 30+45 = 75 bytes.
+    # After both overflows, buffer_pos_ = 0 (clean state for recovery frame).
+    - delay: 200ms
+      inject_rx:
+        [
+          0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+          0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+          0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+          0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+          0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+          0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+          0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+          0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+        ]
+
+    # Phase 5 (t=700ms): Valid frame after overflow - recovery test
+    # Buffer was reset by overflow. This valid frame should parse correctly.
+    #
+    # Target 1: X=300mm, Y=400mm, Speed=30mm/s (moving away), Res=100mm
+    #   X: magnitude=300 (0x012C), positive → high=0x81, low=0x2C
+    #   Y: magnitude=400 (0x0190), positive → high=0x81, low=0x90
+    #   Speed: raw=3, positive (moving away) → high=0x80, low=0x03, decoded=30mm/s
+    #   Resolution: 100 → low=0x64, high=0x00
+    #   Distance: sqrt(300²+400²) = 500mm
+    #
+    # Target 2 & 3: No target (all zeros)
+    # Counts: target_count=1, moving_target_count=1, still_target_count=0
+    - delay: 100ms
+      inject_rx:
+        [
+          0xAA, 0xFF, 0x03, 0x00,
+          0x2C, 0x81, 0x90, 0x81, 0x03, 0x80, 0x64, 0x00,
+          0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+          0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+          0x55, 0xCC,
+        ]
+
+ld2450:
+  id: ld2450_dev
+  uart_id: mock_uart
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: ld2450
+    ld2450_id: ld2450_dev
+    target_count:
+      name: "Target Count"
+      filters: &sensor_filters
+        - timeout:
+            timeout: 50ms
+            value: last
+        - throttle_with_priority: 50ms
+    still_target_count:
+      name: "Still Target Count"
+      filters: *sensor_filters
+    moving_target_count:
+      name: "Moving Target Count"
+      filters: *sensor_filters
+    target_1:
+      x:
+        name: "Target 1 X"
+        filters: *sensor_filters
+      y:
+        name: "Target 1 Y"
+        filters: *sensor_filters
+      speed:
+        name: "Target 1 Speed"
+        filters: *sensor_filters
+      distance:
+        name: "Target 1 Distance"
+        filters: *sensor_filters
+      resolution:
+        name: "Target 1 Resolution"
+        filters: *sensor_filters
+      angle:
+        name: "Target 1 Angle"
+        filters: *sensor_filters
+    target_2:
+      x:
+        name: "Target 2 X"
+        filters: *sensor_filters
+      y:
+        name: "Target 2 Y"
+        filters: *sensor_filters
+      speed:
+        name: "Target 2 Speed"
+        filters: *sensor_filters
+      distance:
+        name: "Target 2 Distance"
+        filters: *sensor_filters
+
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: ld2450
+    ld2450_id: ld2450_dev
+    has_target:
+      name: "Has Target"
+      filters: &binary_sensor_filters
+        - settle: 50ms
+    has_moving_target:
+      name: "Has Moving Target"
+      filters: *binary_sensor_filters
+    has_still_target:
+      name: "Has Still Target"
+      filters: *binary_sensor_filters
+
+text_sensor:
+  - platform: ld2450
+    ld2450_id: ld2450_dev
+    target_1:
+      direction:
+        name: "Target 1 Direction"
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    id: start_scenario_btn
+    on_press:
+      - lambda: 'id(mock_uart).start_scenario();'
diff --git a/tests/integration/state_utils.py b/tests/integration/state_utils.py
index e8c2cc5e66..ab9fdb01bb 100644
--- a/tests/integration/state_utils.py
+++ b/tests/integration/state_utils.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from aioesphomeapi import (
     EntityInfo,
     EntityState,
     SensorState,
+    TextSensorState,
 )
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -244,12 +245,13 @@ class InitialStateHelper:
 
 
 class SensorStateCollector:
-    """Collects sensor and binary sensor state updates and provides wait helpers.
+    """Collects sensor, binary sensor, and text sensor state updates with wait helpers.
 
     Usage:
         collector = SensorStateCollector(
             sensor_names=["moving_distance", "still_distance"],
             binary_sensor_names=["has_target"],
+            text_sensor_names=["direction"],
         )
         # Use collector.on_state as the callback (or wrap it)
         client.subscribe_states(helper.on_state_wrapper(collector.on_state))
@@ -259,18 +261,23 @@ class SensorStateCollector:
 
         # Access collected states
         assert collector.sensor_states["moving_distance"][0] == approx(100.0)
+        assert collector.text_sensor_states["direction"][0] == "Approaching"
     """
 
     def __init__(
         self,
         sensor_names: list[str],
         binary_sensor_names: list[str] | None = None,
+        text_sensor_names: list[str] | None = None,
         entities: list[EntityInfo] | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         self.sensor_states: dict[str, list[float]] = {name: [] for name in sensor_names}
         self.binary_states: dict[str, list[bool]] = {
             name: [] for name in (binary_sensor_names or [])
         }
+        self.text_sensor_states: dict[str, list[str]] = {
+            name: [] for name in (text_sensor_names or [])
+        }
         self._key_to_sensor: dict[int, str] = {}
         self._waiters: list[tuple[Callable[[], bool], asyncio.Future[bool]]] = []
 
@@ -279,7 +286,11 @@ class SensorStateCollector:
 
     def build_key_mapping(self, entities: list[EntityInfo]) -> None:
         """Build key-to-name mapping from entities. Sorted by descending length."""
-        all_names = list(self.sensor_states.keys()) + list(self.binary_states.keys())
+        all_names = (
+            list(self.sensor_states.keys())
+            + list(self.binary_states.keys())
+            + list(self.text_sensor_states.keys())
+        )
         all_names.sort(key=len, reverse=True)
         self._key_to_sensor = build_key_to_entity_mapping(entities, all_names)
 
@@ -295,6 +306,11 @@ class SensorStateCollector:
             if sensor_name and sensor_name in self.binary_states:
                 self.binary_states[sensor_name].append(state.state)
                 self._check_waiters()
+        elif isinstance(state, TextSensorState) and not state.missing_state:
+            sensor_name = self._key_to_sensor.get(state.key)
+            if sensor_name and sensor_name in self.text_sensor_states:
+                self.text_sensor_states[sensor_name].append(state.state)
+                self._check_waiters()
 
     def _check_waiters(self) -> None:
         """Check all pending waiters and resolve any whose condition is met."""
@@ -303,9 +319,11 @@ class SensorStateCollector:
                 future.set_result(True)
 
     def _all_have_values(self) -> bool:
-        """Check if all sensor and binary sensor lists have at least one value."""
-        return all(len(v) >= 1 for v in self.sensor_states.values()) and all(
-            len(v) >= 1 for v in self.binary_states.values()
+        """Check if all sensor, binary sensor, and text sensor lists have at least one value."""
+        return (
+            all(len(v) >= 1 for v in self.sensor_states.values())
+            and all(len(v) >= 1 for v in self.binary_states.values())
+            and all(len(v) >= 1 for v in self.text_sensor_states.values())
         )
 
     async def wait_for_all(self, timeout: float = 3.0) -> None:
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2450.py b/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2450.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b1aa2f6952
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2450.py
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+"""Integration test for LD2450 component with mock UART.
+
+Tests:
+test_uart_mock_ld2450:
+  1. Happy path - valid periodic data frame publishes correct target sensor values
+  2. Multi-target tracking - verifies target count, moving/still counts
+  3. Target coordinate decoding - signed X/Y coordinates with sign-magnitude encoding
+  4. Speed decoding - approaching (negative) and stationary (zero) targets
+  5. Distance calculation - computed from X/Y via sqrt(x²+y²)
+  6. Direction text sensor - "Approaching" for negative speed target
+  7. Garbage resilience - random bytes don't crash the component
+  8. Truncated frame handling - partial frame doesn't corrupt state
+  9. Buffer overflow recovery - overflow resets the parser
+  10. Post-overflow parsing - next valid frame after overflow is parsed correctly
+  11. TX logging - verifies LD2450 sends expected setup commands
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from aioesphomeapi import ButtonInfo
+import pytest
+
+from .state_utils import InitialStateHelper, SensorStateCollector, find_entity
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_uart_mock_ld2450(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test LD2450 data parsing with happy path, garbage, overflow, and recovery."""
+    # Replace external component path placeholder
+    external_components_path = str(
+        Path(__file__).parent / "fixtures" / "external_components"
+    )
+    yaml_config = yaml_config.replace(
+        "EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH", external_components_path
+    )
+
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+
+    # Track overflow warning in logs
+    overflow_seen = loop.create_future()
+
+    # Track TX data logged by the mock for assertions
+    tx_log_lines: list[str] = []
+
+    def line_callback(line: str) -> None:
+        if "Max command length exceeded" in line and not overflow_seen.done():
+            overflow_seen.set_result(True)
+        # Capture all TX log lines from uart_mock
+        if "uart_mock" in line and "TX " in line:
+            tx_log_lines.append(line)
+
+    collector = SensorStateCollector(
+        sensor_names=[
+            "target_1_x",
+            "target_1_y",
+            "target_1_speed",
+            "target_1_distance",
+            "target_1_resolution",
+            "target_1_angle",
+            "target_2_x",
+            "target_2_y",
+            "target_2_speed",
+            "target_2_distance",
+            "target_count",
+            "still_target_count",
+            "moving_target_count",
+        ],
+        binary_sensor_names=[
+            "has_target",
+            "has_moving_target",
+            "has_still_target",
+        ],
+        text_sensor_names=[
+            "target_1_direction",
+        ],
+    )
+
+    # Signal when we see recovery frame values (target 1 distance ≈ 500mm)
+    recovery_received = collector.add_waiter(
+        lambda: (
+            pytest.approx(500.0, abs=1.0)
+            in collector.sensor_states["target_1_distance"]
+        )
+    )
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=line_callback),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        entities, _ = await client.list_entities_services()
+        collector.build_key_mapping(entities)
+
+        # Set up initial state helper
+        initial_state_helper = InitialStateHelper(entities)
+        client.subscribe_states(
+            initial_state_helper.on_state_wrapper(collector.on_state)
+        )
+
+        try:
+            await initial_state_helper.wait_for_initial_states()
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail("Timeout waiting for initial states")
+
+        # Start the UART mock scenario now that we're subscribed
+        start_btn = find_entity(entities, "start_scenario", ButtonInfo)
+        assert start_btn is not None, "Start Scenario button not found"
+        client.button_command(start_btn.key)
+
+        # Wait for Phase 1 - all sensors and binary sensors have at least one value
+        try:
+            await collector.wait_for_all(timeout=5.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(
+                f"Timeout waiting for Phase 1 frame. Received:\n"
+                f"  sensor_states: {collector.sensor_states}\n"
+                f"  binary_states: {collector.binary_states}\n"
+                f"  text_states: {collector.text_sensor_states}"
+            )
+
+        # Phase 1 values:
+        # Target 1: X=-500, Y=1000, Speed=-50 (approaching), Res=320
+        #   Distance = sqrt(500²+1000²) ≈ 1118mm
+        assert collector.sensor_states["target_1_x"][0] == pytest.approx(-500.0)
+        assert collector.sensor_states["target_1_y"][0] == pytest.approx(1000.0)
+        assert collector.sensor_states["target_1_speed"][0] == pytest.approx(-50.0)
+        assert collector.sensor_states["target_1_resolution"][0] == pytest.approx(320.0)
+        # Distance computed from X/Y
+        assert collector.sensor_states["target_1_distance"][0] == pytest.approx(
+            1118.0, abs=1.0
+        )
+
+        # Target 2: X=200, Y=500, Speed=0 (stationary), Res=100
+        #   Distance = sqrt(200²+500²) ≈ 538mm
+        assert collector.sensor_states["target_2_x"][0] == pytest.approx(200.0)
+        assert collector.sensor_states["target_2_y"][0] == pytest.approx(500.0)
+        assert collector.sensor_states["target_2_speed"][0] == pytest.approx(0.0)
+        assert collector.sensor_states["target_2_distance"][0] == pytest.approx(
+            538.0, abs=1.0
+        )
+
+        # Target counts: 2 targets total, 1 moving, 1 still
+        assert collector.sensor_states["target_count"][0] == pytest.approx(2.0)
+        assert collector.sensor_states["moving_target_count"][0] == pytest.approx(1.0)
+        assert collector.sensor_states["still_target_count"][0] == pytest.approx(1.0)
+
+        # Binary sensors: all true (targets detected)
+        assert collector.binary_states["has_target"][0] is True
+        assert collector.binary_states["has_moving_target"][0] is True
+        assert collector.binary_states["has_still_target"][0] is True
+
+        # Direction text sensor: Target 1 is approaching (speed < 0)
+        assert collector.text_sensor_states["target_1_direction"][0] == "Approaching"
+
+        # Wait for the recovery frame (Phase 5) to be parsed
+        # This proves the component survived garbage + truncated + overflow
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(recovery_received, timeout=5.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(
+                f"Timeout waiting for recovery frame. Received:\n"
+                f"  sensor_states: {collector.sensor_states}"
+            )
+
+        # Verify overflow warning was logged
+        assert overflow_seen.done(), (
+            "Expected 'Max command length exceeded' warning in logs"
+        )
+
+        # Verify LD2450 sent setup commands (TX logging)
+        assert len(tx_log_lines) > 0, "Expected TX log lines from uart_mock"
+        tx_data = " ".join(tx_log_lines)
+        # Verify command frame header appears (FD:FC:FB:FA)
+        assert "FD:FC:FB:FA" in tx_data, (
+            "Expected LD2450 command frame header FD:FC:FB:FA in TX log"
+        )
+        # Verify command frame footer appears (04:03:02:01)
+        assert "04:03:02:01" in tx_data, (
+            "Expected LD2450 command frame footer 04:03:02:01 in TX log"
+        )
+
+        # Recovery frame values (Phase 5, after overflow):
+        # Target 1: X=300, Y=400, Distance=500, Speed=30 (moving away)
+        # target_count=1, moving=1, still=0
+        #
+        # Note: throttle filters cause sensor lists to have different lengths,
+        # so we check each value appeared somewhere rather than using a shared index.
+        assert (
+            pytest.approx(500.0, abs=1.0)
+            in collector.sensor_states["target_1_distance"]
+        )
+        assert pytest.approx(300.0) in collector.sensor_states["target_1_x"]
+        assert pytest.approx(400.0) in collector.sensor_states["target_1_y"]
+        assert pytest.approx(30.0) in collector.sensor_states["target_1_speed"]
+        assert pytest.approx(1.0) in collector.sensor_states["target_count"]
+        assert pytest.approx(1.0) in collector.sensor_states["moving_target_count"]
+        assert pytest.approx(0.0) in collector.sensor_states["still_target_count"]

From b05dbfccd31ec769bfa873783506b469ac6def27 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 14:52:21 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 474/609] [api] Bump noise-c to 0.1.11 (#14632)

---
 .clang-tidy.hash                   | 2 +-
 esphome/components/api/__init__.py | 2 +-
 platformio.ini                     | 4 ++--
 3 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.clang-tidy.hash b/.clang-tidy.hash
index adcebadeb4..ff25675918 100644
--- a/.clang-tidy.hash
+++ b/.clang-tidy.hash
@@ -1 +1 @@
-b6f8c16c1ddd222134bf4a71910b4c832e764e23caf49f9bce3280b079955fcf
+e4b9c4b54e705d3c9400e1cdda8ba0b32634780cfa5f32271832e911bdcafe7e
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/__init__.py b/esphome/components/api/__init__.py
index dd99862cc2..c7dec6e78b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/api/__init__.py
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
             # and plaintext disabled. Only a factory reset can remove it.
             cg.add_define("USE_API_PLAINTEXT")
         cg.add_define("USE_API_NOISE")
-        cg.add_library("esphome/noise-c", "0.1.10")
+        cg.add_library("esphome/noise-c", "0.1.11")
     else:
         cg.add_define("USE_API_PLAINTEXT")
 
diff --git a/platformio.ini b/platformio.ini
index 87f992759c..deee23d049 100644
--- a/platformio.ini
+++ b/platformio.ini
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ lib_deps_base =
 
 lib_deps =
     ${common.lib_deps_base}
-    esphome/noise-c@0.1.10                  ; api
+    esphome/noise-c@0.1.11                  ; api
     improv/Improv@1.2.4                    ; improv_serial / esp32_improv
     kikuchan98/pngle@1.1.0                 ; online_image
     ; Using the repository directly, otherwise ESP-IDF can't use the library
@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ build_unflags =
 extends = common
 platform = platformio/native
 lib_deps =
-    esphome/noise-c@0.1.10  ; used by api
+    esphome/noise-c@0.1.11  ; used by api
 build_flags =
     ${common.build_flags}
     -DUSE_HOST

From 9547a54fac5de13f36a98d670e60ef18b1e88fe8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 14:52:40 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 475/609] [const] Move CONF_ENABLE_FULL_PRINTF to const.py
 (#14633)

---
 esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py   | 2 +-
 esphome/components/esp8266/__init__.py | 2 +-
 esphome/components/esp8266/const.py    | 1 -
 esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py  | 9 ++-------
 esphome/components/rp2040/const.py     | 1 -
 esphome/const.py                       | 1 +
 6 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
index 8ad84656ed..52e70501dc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BOARD,
     CONF_COMPONENTS,
     CONF_DISABLED,
+    CONF_ENABLE_FULL_PRINTF,
     CONF_ENABLE_OTA_ROLLBACK,
     CONF_ESPHOME,
     CONF_FRAMEWORK,
@@ -954,7 +955,6 @@ CONF_HEAP_IN_IRAM = "heap_in_iram"
 CONF_LOOP_TASK_STACK_SIZE = "loop_task_stack_size"
 CONF_USE_FULL_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE = "use_full_certificate_bundle"
 CONF_DISABLE_DEBUG_STUBS = "disable_debug_stubs"
-CONF_ENABLE_FULL_PRINTF = "enable_full_printf"
 CONF_DISABLE_OCD_AWARE = "disable_ocd_aware"
 CONF_DISABLE_USB_SERIAL_JTAG_SECONDARY = "disable_usb_serial_jtag_secondary"
 CONF_DISABLE_DEV_NULL_VFS = "disable_dev_null_vfs"
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp8266/__init__.py
index 1ef4f5e037..16043b6d69 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp8266/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266/__init__.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BOARD,
     CONF_BOARD_FLASH_MODE,
+    CONF_ENABLE_FULL_PRINTF,
     CONF_FRAMEWORK,
     CONF_PLATFORM_VERSION,
     CONF_SOURCE,
@@ -23,7 +24,6 @@ from esphome.helpers import copy_file_if_changed
 from .boards import BOARDS, ESP8266_LD_SCRIPTS
 from .const import (
     CONF_EARLY_PIN_INIT,
-    CONF_ENABLE_FULL_PRINTF,
     CONF_ENABLE_SERIAL,
     CONF_ENABLE_SERIAL1,
     CONF_RESTORE_FROM_FLASH,
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266/const.py b/esphome/components/esp8266/const.py
index 57eb54f0f8..229ac61f24 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp8266/const.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266/const.py
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ KEY_BOARD = "board"
 KEY_PIN_INITIAL_STATES = "pin_initial_states"
 CONF_RESTORE_FROM_FLASH = "restore_from_flash"
 CONF_EARLY_PIN_INIT = "early_pin_init"
-CONF_ENABLE_FULL_PRINTF = "enable_full_printf"
 CONF_ENABLE_SERIAL = "enable_serial"
 CONF_ENABLE_SERIAL1 = "enable_serial1"
 KEY_FLASH_SIZE = "flash_size"
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py b/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py
index 54e1db27aa..359337adfb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BOARD,
+    CONF_ENABLE_FULL_PRINTF,
     CONF_FRAMEWORK,
     CONF_PLATFORM_VERSION,
     CONF_SOURCE,
@@ -21,13 +22,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
 from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, EsphomeError, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.helpers import copy_file_if_changed, read_file, write_file_if_changed
 
-from .const import (
-    CONF_ENABLE_FULL_PRINTF,
-    KEY_BOARD,
-    KEY_PIO_FILES,
-    KEY_RP2040,
-    rp2040_ns,
-)
+from .const import KEY_BOARD, KEY_PIO_FILES, KEY_RP2040, rp2040_ns
 
 # force import gpio to register pin schema
 from .gpio import rp2040_pin_to_code  # noqa
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/const.py b/esphome/components/rp2040/const.py
index 7eeddffc76..ab5f42d757 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/const.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/const.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 
-CONF_ENABLE_FULL_PRINTF = "enable_full_printf"
 KEY_BOARD = "board"
 KEY_RP2040 = "rp2040"
 KEY_PIO_FILES = "pio_files"
diff --git a/esphome/const.py b/esphome/const.py
index 88e3c33fbc..d409514f3c 100644
--- a/esphome/const.py
+++ b/esphome/const.py
@@ -356,6 +356,7 @@ CONF_EFFECT = "effect"
 CONF_EFFECTS = "effects"
 CONF_ELSE = "else"
 CONF_ENABLE_BTM = "enable_btm"
+CONF_ENABLE_FULL_PRINTF = "enable_full_printf"
 CONF_ENABLE_IPV6 = "enable_ipv6"
 CONF_ENABLE_ON_BOOT = "enable_on_boot"
 CONF_ENABLE_OTA_ROLLBACK = "enable_ota_rollback"

From d0285cdc41d479ed0aa7dc0984a71215ee4ff696 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 15:11:15 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 476/609] [core] Pack entity flags into configure_entity_() and
 protect setters (#14564)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/core/entity_base.cpp                  |  14 +-
 esphome/core/entity_base.h                    |  31 ++-
 esphome/core/entity_helpers.py                |  84 ++++++-
 .../binary_sensor/test_binary_sensor.py       |   8 +-
 tests/component_tests/button/test_button.py   |   8 +-
 tests/component_tests/helpers.py              |  19 ++
 tests/component_tests/sensor/test_sensor.py   |  12 +-
 tests/component_tests/text/test_text.py       |  10 +-
 .../text_sensor/test_text_sensor.py           |  20 +-
 tests/unit_tests/core/test_entity_helpers.py  | 222 +++++++++++++++++-
 10 files changed, 354 insertions(+), 74 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/component_tests/helpers.py

diff --git a/esphome/core/entity_base.cpp b/esphome/core/entity_base.cpp
index 3274640eb3..818dae06de 100644
--- a/esphome/core/entity_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/entity_base.cpp
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ static const char *const TAG = "entity_base";
 // Entity Name
 const StringRef &EntityBase::get_name() const { return this->name_; }
 
-void EntityBase::configure_entity_(const char *name, uint32_t object_id_hash, uint32_t entity_strings_packed) {
+void EntityBase::configure_entity_(const char *name, uint32_t object_id_hash, uint32_t entity_fields) {
   this->name_ = StringRef(name);
   if (this->name_.empty()) {
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
@@ -44,17 +44,19 @@ void EntityBase::configure_entity_(const char *name, uint32_t object_id_hash, ui
       this->calc_object_id_();
     }
   }
-  // Unpack entity string table indices.
-  // Packed: [23..16] icon | [15..8] UoM | [7..0] device_class (each 8 bits)
+  // Unpack entity string table indices and flags from entity_fields.
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_DEVICE_CLASS
-  this->device_class_idx_ = entity_strings_packed & 0xFF;
+  this->device_class_idx_ = (entity_fields >> ENTITY_FIELD_DC_SHIFT) & 0xFF;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT
-  this->uom_idx_ = (entity_strings_packed >> 8) & 0xFF;
+  this->uom_idx_ = (entity_fields >> ENTITY_FIELD_UOM_SHIFT) & 0xFF;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
-  this->icon_idx_ = (entity_strings_packed >> 16) & 0xFF;
+  this->icon_idx_ = (entity_fields >> ENTITY_FIELD_ICON_SHIFT) & 0xFF;
 #endif
+  this->flags_.internal = (entity_fields >> ENTITY_FIELD_INTERNAL_SHIFT) & 1;
+  this->flags_.disabled_by_default = (entity_fields >> ENTITY_FIELD_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT_SHIFT) & 1;
+  this->flags_.entity_category = (entity_fields >> ENTITY_FIELD_ENTITY_CATEGORY_SHIFT) & 0x3;
 }
 
 // Weak default lookup functions — overridden by generated code in main.cpp
diff --git a/esphome/core/entity_base.h b/esphome/core/entity_base.h
index accd532b0d..cccbafd2c3 100644
--- a/esphome/core/entity_base.h
+++ b/esphome/core/entity_base.h
@@ -55,6 +55,15 @@ enum EntityCategory : uint8_t {
   ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC = 2,
 };
 
+// Bit layout for entity_fields parameter in configure_entity_().
+// Keep in sync with _*_SHIFT constants in esphome/core/entity_helpers.py
+static constexpr uint8_t ENTITY_FIELD_DC_SHIFT = 0;
+static constexpr uint8_t ENTITY_FIELD_UOM_SHIFT = 8;
+static constexpr uint8_t ENTITY_FIELD_ICON_SHIFT = 16;
+static constexpr uint8_t ENTITY_FIELD_INTERNAL_SHIFT = 24;
+static constexpr uint8_t ENTITY_FIELD_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT_SHIFT = 25;
+static constexpr uint8_t ENTITY_FIELD_ENTITY_CATEGORY_SHIFT = 26;
+
 // The generic Entity base class that provides an interface common to all Entities.
 class EntityBase {
  public:
@@ -88,21 +97,16 @@ class EntityBase {
   /// Useful for building compound strings without intermediate buffer
   size_t write_object_id_to(char *buf, size_t buf_size) const;
 
-  // Get/set whether this Entity should be hidden outside ESPHome
+  // Get whether this Entity should be hidden outside ESPHome
   bool is_internal() const { return this->flags_.internal; }
-  void set_internal(bool internal) { this->flags_.internal = internal; }
 
   // Check if this object is declared to be disabled by default.
   // That means that when the device gets added to Home Assistant (or other clients) it should
   // not be added to the default view by default, and a user action is necessary to manually add it.
   bool is_disabled_by_default() const { return this->flags_.disabled_by_default; }
-  void set_disabled_by_default(bool disabled_by_default) { this->flags_.disabled_by_default = disabled_by_default; }
 
-  // Get/set the entity category.
+  // Get the entity category.
   EntityCategory get_entity_category() const { return static_cast<EntityCategory>(this->flags_.entity_category); }
-  void set_entity_category(EntityCategory entity_category) {
-    this->flags_.entity_category = static_cast<uint8_t>(entity_category);
-  }
 
   // Get this entity's device class into a stack buffer.
   // On non-ESP8266: returns pointer to PROGMEM string directly (buffer unused).
@@ -164,14 +168,13 @@ class EntityBase {
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
-  // Get/set this entity's device id
+  // Get this entity's device id
   uint32_t get_device_id() const {
     if (this->device_ == nullptr) {
       return 0;  // No device set, return 0
     }
     return this->device_->get_device_id();
   }
-  void set_device(Device *device) { this->device_ = device; }
   // Get the device this entity belongs to (nullptr if main device)
   Device *get_device() const { return this->device_; }
 #endif
@@ -228,8 +231,14 @@ class EntityBase {
   friend void ::setup();
   friend void ::original_setup();
 
-  /// Combined entity setup from codegen: set name, object_id hash, and entity string indices.
-  void configure_entity_(const char *name, uint32_t object_id_hash, uint32_t entity_strings_packed);
+  /// Combined entity setup from codegen: set name, object_id hash, entity string indices, and flags.
+  /// Bit layout of entity_fields is defined by the ENTITY_FIELD_*_SHIFT constants above.
+  void configure_entity_(const char *name, uint32_t object_id_hash, uint32_t entity_fields);
+
+#ifdef USE_DEVICES
+  // Codegen-only setter — only accessible from setup() via friend declaration.
+  void set_device_(Device *device) { this->device_ = device; }
+#endif
 
   /// Non-template helper for make_entity_preference() to avoid code bloat.
   /// When preference hash algorithm changes, migration logic goes here.
diff --git a/esphome/core/entity_helpers.py b/esphome/core/entity_helpers.py
index 4fa109fb0e..0589b92364 100644
--- a/esphome/core/entity_helpers.py
+++ b/esphome/core/entity_helpers.py
@@ -34,11 +34,19 @@ _KEY_ICON_IDX = "_entity_icon_idx"
 _KEY_ENTITY_NAME = "_entity_name"
 _KEY_OBJECT_ID_HASH = "_entity_object_id_hash"
 
-# Bit layout for entity_strings_packed in configure_entity_() — must match C++ in entity_base.h:
-#   [23..16] icon (8 bits) | [15..8] UoM (8 bits) | [7..0] device_class (8 bits)
+# Bit layout for entity_fields in configure_entity_().
+# Keep in sync with ENTITY_FIELD_*_SHIFT constants in esphome/core/entity_base.h
 _DC_SHIFT = 0
 _UOM_SHIFT = 8
 _ICON_SHIFT = 16
+_INTERNAL_SHIFT = 24
+_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT_SHIFT = 25
+_ENTITY_CATEGORY_SHIFT = 26
+
+# Private config keys for storing flags
+_KEY_INTERNAL = "_entity_internal"
+_KEY_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT = "_entity_disabled_by_default"
+_KEY_ENTITY_CATEGORY = "_entity_category"
 
 # Maximum unique strings per category (8-bit index, 0 = not set)
 _MAX_DEVICE_CLASSES = 0xFF  # 255
@@ -220,8 +228,39 @@ def setup_unit_of_measurement(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     config[_KEY_UOM_IDX] = idx
 
 
+def _sanitize_comment(text: str) -> str:
+    r"""Sanitize a string for safe inclusion in a C++ // line comment.
+
+    Dangerous characters:
+    - \n, \r: break out of line comment, next line becomes code
+    - \: at end of line, splices next line into comment (eats real code)
+    """
+    return text.replace("\\", "/").replace("\n", " ").replace("\r", "")
+
+
+def _describe_packed_flags(config: ConfigType, entity_category: int) -> str:
+    """Build a human-readable description of packed entity flags for C++ comments."""
+    parts: list[str] = []
+    if config.get(_KEY_INTERNAL):
+        parts.append("internal")
+    if config.get(_KEY_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT):
+        parts.append("disabled_by_default")
+    entity_cat_keys = list(cv.ENTITY_CATEGORIES)
+    if entity_category < len(entity_cat_keys) and (
+        cat_name := entity_cat_keys[entity_category]
+    ):
+        parts.append(f"category:{cat_name}")
+    if config.get(_KEY_DC_IDX) and (dc := config.get(CONF_DEVICE_CLASS)):
+        parts.append(f"dc:{_sanitize_comment(dc)}")
+    if config.get(_KEY_UOM_IDX) and (uom := config.get(CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT)):
+        parts.append(f"uom:{_sanitize_comment(uom)}")
+    if config.get(_KEY_ICON_IDX) and (icon := config.get(CONF_ICON)):
+        parts.append(f"icon:{_sanitize_comment(icon)}")
+    return ", ".join(parts)
+
+
 def finalize_entity_strings(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
-    """Emit a single configure_entity_() call with name, hash, and packed string indices.
+    """Emit a single configure_entity_() call with name, hash, packed string indices, and flags.
 
     Call this at the end of each component's setup function, after
     setup_entity() and any register_device_class/register_unit_of_measurement calls.
@@ -231,8 +270,24 @@ def finalize_entity_strings(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType) -> None:
     dc_idx = config.get(_KEY_DC_IDX, 0)
     uom_idx = config.get(_KEY_UOM_IDX, 0)
     icon_idx = config.get(_KEY_ICON_IDX, 0)
-    packed = (dc_idx << _DC_SHIFT) | (uom_idx << _UOM_SHIFT) | (icon_idx << _ICON_SHIFT)
-    add(var.configure_entity_(entity_name, object_id_hash, packed))
+    internal = config.get(_KEY_INTERNAL, 0)
+    disabled_by_default = config.get(_KEY_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT, 0)
+    entity_category = config.get(_KEY_ENTITY_CATEGORY, 0)
+    packed = (
+        (dc_idx << _DC_SHIFT)
+        | (uom_idx << _UOM_SHIFT)
+        | (icon_idx << _ICON_SHIFT)
+        | (internal << _INTERNAL_SHIFT)
+        | (disabled_by_default << _DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT_SHIFT)
+        | (entity_category << _ENTITY_CATEGORY_SHIFT)
+    )
+    # Build inline comment describing the packed flags for readability
+    comment = _describe_packed_flags(config, entity_category)
+    expr = var.configure_entity_(entity_name, object_id_hash, packed)
+    if comment:
+        add(RawStatement(f"{expr};  // {comment}"))
+    else:
+        add(expr)
 
 
 def get_base_entity_object_id(
@@ -332,7 +387,7 @@ async def _setup_entity_impl(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType, platform: str) ->
     # Get device info if configured
     if device_id_obj := config.get(CONF_DEVICE_ID):
         device: MockObj = await get_variable(device_id_obj)
-        add(var.set_device(device))
+        add(var.set_device_(device))
 
     # Pre-compute entity name and object_id hash for configure_entity_()
     # which is emitted later by finalize_entity_strings().
@@ -343,18 +398,25 @@ async def _setup_entity_impl(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType, platform: str) ->
     object_id_hash = fnv1_hash_object_id(entity_name) if entity_name else 0
     config[_KEY_ENTITY_NAME] = entity_name
     config[_KEY_OBJECT_ID_HASH] = object_id_hash
-    # Only set disabled_by_default if True (default is False)
-    if config[CONF_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT]:
-        add(var.set_disabled_by_default(True))
+    # Store flags for packing into configure_entity_()
+    config[_KEY_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT] = int(config[CONF_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT])
     if CONF_INTERNAL in config:
-        add(var.set_internal(config[CONF_INTERNAL]))
+        config[_KEY_INTERNAL] = int(config[CONF_INTERNAL])
     icon_idx = 0
     if CONF_ICON in config:
         # Add USE_ENTITY_ICON define when icons are used
         cg.add_define("USE_ENTITY_ICON")
         icon_idx = register_icon(config[CONF_ICON])
     if CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY in config:
-        add(var.set_entity_category(config[CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY]))
+        # Derive integer value from key position in cv.ENTITY_CATEGORIES
+        # (must match C++ EntityCategory enum in entity_base.h)
+        entity_cat_str = str(config[CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY])
+        entity_cat_keys = list(cv.ENTITY_CATEGORIES)
+        config[_KEY_ENTITY_CATEGORY] = (
+            entity_cat_keys.index(entity_cat_str)
+            if entity_cat_str in entity_cat_keys
+            else 0
+        )
     # Store icon index for finalize_entity_strings
     config[_KEY_ICON_IDX] = icon_idx
 
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/binary_sensor/test_binary_sensor.py b/tests/component_tests/binary_sensor/test_binary_sensor.py
index fbc2f37d9a..10d7f80834 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/binary_sensor/test_binary_sensor.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/binary_sensor/test_binary_sensor.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 """Tests for the binary sensor component."""
 
+from tests.component_tests.helpers import INTERNAL_BIT, extract_packed_value
+
 
 def test_binary_sensor_is_setup(generate_main):
     """
@@ -44,9 +46,9 @@ def test_binary_sensor_config_value_internal_set(generate_main):
         "tests/component_tests/binary_sensor/test_binary_sensor.yaml"
     )
 
-    # Then
-    assert "bs_1->set_internal(true);" in main_cpp
-    assert "bs_2->set_internal(false);" in main_cpp
+    # Then: bs_1 has internal: true, bs_2 has internal: false
+    assert extract_packed_value(main_cpp, "bs_1") & INTERNAL_BIT != 0
+    assert extract_packed_value(main_cpp, "bs_2") & INTERNAL_BIT == 0
 
 
 def test_binary_sensor_config_value_use_raw_set(generate_main):
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/button/test_button.py b/tests/component_tests/button/test_button.py
index 9f94d61c8c..a35994a682 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/button/test_button.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/button/test_button.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 """Tests for the button component"""
 
+from tests.component_tests.helpers import INTERNAL_BIT, extract_packed_value
+
 
 def test_button_is_setup(generate_main):
     """
@@ -39,6 +41,6 @@ def test_button_config_value_internal_set(generate_main):
     # When
     main_cpp = generate_main("tests/component_tests/button/test_button.yaml")
 
-    # Then
-    assert "wol_1->set_internal(true);" in main_cpp
-    assert "wol_2->set_internal(false);" in main_cpp
+    # Then: wol_1 has internal: true, wol_2 has internal: false
+    assert extract_packed_value(main_cpp, "wol_1") & INTERNAL_BIT != 0
+    assert extract_packed_value(main_cpp, "wol_2") & INTERNAL_BIT == 0
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/helpers.py b/tests/component_tests/helpers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..568d1639d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/helpers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+"""Shared helpers for component tests."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import re
+
+INTERNAL_BIT = 1 << 24
+
+
+def extract_packed_value(main_cpp: str, var_name: str) -> int:
+    """Extract the third (packed) argument from a configure_entity_ call."""
+    pattern = (
+        rf"{re.escape(var_name)}->configure_entity_\("
+        r'"(?:\\.|[^"\\])*"'
+        r",\s*\w+,\s*(\d+)\)"
+    )
+    match = re.search(pattern, main_cpp)
+    assert match, f"configure_entity_ call not found for {var_name}"
+    return int(match.group(1))
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/sensor/test_sensor.py b/tests/component_tests/sensor/test_sensor.py
index d9ab3a022c..9d18fa36b8 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/sensor/test_sensor.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/sensor/test_sensor.py
@@ -1,14 +1,6 @@
 """Tests for the sensor component."""
 
-import re
-
-
-def _extract_packed_value(main_cpp, var_name):
-    """Extract the third (packed) argument from a configure_entity_ call."""
-    pattern = rf"{re.escape(var_name)}->configure_entity_\([^,]+,\s*\w+,\s*(\d+)\)"
-    match = re.search(pattern, main_cpp)
-    assert match, f"configure_entity_ call not found for {var_name}"
-    return int(match.group(1))
+from tests.component_tests.helpers import extract_packed_value
 
 
 def test_sensor_device_class_set(generate_main):
@@ -21,5 +13,5 @@ def test_sensor_device_class_set(generate_main):
     main_cpp = generate_main("tests/component_tests/sensor/test_sensor.yaml")
 
     # Then: device_class: voltage means packed value must be non-zero
-    packed = _extract_packed_value(main_cpp, "s_1")
+    packed = extract_packed_value(main_cpp, "s_1")
     assert packed != 0
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/text/test_text.py b/tests/component_tests/text/test_text.py
index 3ceaa9b8f8..c74dfb8a47 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/text/test_text.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/text/test_text.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-"""Tests for the binary sensor component."""
+"""Tests for the text component."""
+
+from tests.component_tests.helpers import INTERNAL_BIT, extract_packed_value
 
 
 def test_text_is_setup(generate_main):
@@ -37,9 +39,9 @@ def test_text_config_value_internal_set(generate_main):
     # When
     main_cpp = generate_main("tests/component_tests/text/test_text.yaml")
 
-    # Then
-    assert "it_2->set_internal(false);" in main_cpp
-    assert "it_3->set_internal(true);" in main_cpp
+    # Then: it_2 has internal: false, it_3 has internal: true
+    assert extract_packed_value(main_cpp, "it_2") & INTERNAL_BIT == 0
+    assert extract_packed_value(main_cpp, "it_3") & INTERNAL_BIT != 0
 
 
 def test_text_config_value_mode_set(generate_main):
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/text_sensor/test_text_sensor.py b/tests/component_tests/text_sensor/test_text_sensor.py
index f30b820e94..1ff31ab96b 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/text_sensor/test_text_sensor.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/text_sensor/test_text_sensor.py
@@ -1,14 +1,6 @@
 """Tests for the text sensor component."""
 
-import re
-
-
-def _extract_packed_value(main_cpp, var_name):
-    """Extract the third (packed) argument from a configure_entity_ call."""
-    pattern = rf"{re.escape(var_name)}->configure_entity_\([^,]+,\s*\w+,\s*(\d+)\)"
-    match = re.search(pattern, main_cpp)
-    assert match, f"configure_entity_ call not found for {var_name}"
-    return int(match.group(1))
+from tests.component_tests.helpers import INTERNAL_BIT, extract_packed_value
 
 
 def test_text_sensor_is_setup(generate_main):
@@ -49,9 +41,9 @@ def test_text_sensor_config_value_internal_set(generate_main):
     # When
     main_cpp = generate_main("tests/component_tests/text_sensor/test_text_sensor.yaml")
 
-    # Then
-    assert "ts_2->set_internal(true);" in main_cpp
-    assert "ts_3->set_internal(false);" in main_cpp
+    # Then: ts_2 has internal: true, ts_3 has internal: false
+    assert extract_packed_value(main_cpp, "ts_2") & INTERNAL_BIT != 0
+    assert extract_packed_value(main_cpp, "ts_3") & INTERNAL_BIT == 0
 
 
 def test_text_sensor_device_class_set(generate_main):
@@ -65,7 +57,7 @@ def test_text_sensor_device_class_set(generate_main):
 
     # Then: ts_2 has device_class: timestamp, ts_3 has device_class: date
     # so their packed values must be non-zero
-    packed_ts_2 = _extract_packed_value(main_cpp, "ts_2")
+    packed_ts_2 = extract_packed_value(main_cpp, "ts_2")
     assert packed_ts_2 != 0
-    packed_ts_3 = _extract_packed_value(main_cpp, "ts_3")
+    packed_ts_3 = extract_packed_value(main_cpp, "ts_3")
     assert packed_ts_3 != 0
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/core/test_entity_helpers.py b/tests/unit_tests/core/test_entity_helpers.py
index 3f6faaee54..d6cbb8c6be 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/core/test_entity_helpers.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/core/test_entity_helpers.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import pytest
 
 from esphome.config_validation import Invalid
 from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_DEVICE_CLASS,
     CONF_DEVICE_ID,
     CONF_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT,
     CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY,
@@ -16,16 +17,20 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_INTERNAL,
     CONF_NAME,
+    CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, ID, entity_helpers
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import (
     _register_string,
     _setup_entity_impl,
     entity_duplicate_validator,
+    finalize_entity_strings,
     get_base_entity_object_id,
     register_device_class,
     register_icon,
+    setup_device_class,
     setup_entity,
+    setup_unit_of_measurement,
 )
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
 from esphome.helpers import sanitize, snake_case
@@ -486,8 +491,6 @@ async def test_setup_entity_disabled_by_default(
 ) -> None:
     """Test setup_entity sets disabled_by_default correctly."""
 
-    added_expressions = setup_test_environment
-
     var = MockObj("sensor1")
 
     config = {
@@ -497,10 +500,8 @@ async def test_setup_entity_disabled_by_default(
 
     await _setup_entity_impl(var, config, "sensor")
 
-    # Check disabled_by_default was set
-    assert any(
-        "sensor1.set_disabled_by_default(true)" in expr for expr in added_expressions
-    )
+    # disabled_by_default is now packed into config for configure_entity_()
+    assert config.get("_entity_disabled_by_default") == 1
 
 
 def test_entity_duplicate_validator() -> None:
@@ -785,8 +786,8 @@ async def test_setup_entity_empty_name_with_device(
 
     entity_helpers.get_variable = original_get_variable
 
-    # Check that set_device was called
-    assert any("sensor1.set_device" in expr for expr in added_expressions)
+    # Check that set_device_ was called (separate protected call, accessible via friend)
+    assert any("sensor1.set_device_" in expr for expr in added_expressions)
 
     # For empty-name entities, Python stores hash 0 - C++ calculates hash at runtime
     assert config.get("_entity_name") == ""
@@ -928,7 +929,7 @@ def test_register_device_class_max_length() -> None:
 async def test_setup_entity_with_entity_category(
     setup_test_environment: list[str],
 ) -> None:
-    """Test setup_entity sets entity_category correctly."""
+    """Test entity_category is packed correctly through the full setup flow."""
     added_expressions = setup_test_environment
     var = MockObj("sensor1")
     config = {
@@ -937,9 +938,10 @@ async def test_setup_entity_with_entity_category(
         CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY: "diagnostic",
     }
     await _setup_entity_impl(var, config, "sensor")
-    assert any(
-        'set_entity_category("diagnostic")' in expr for expr in added_expressions
-    )
+    finalize_entity_strings(var, config)
+    packed = _extract_packed_value(added_expressions)
+    assert packed != 0
+    assert "category:diagnostic" in added_expressions[0]
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -988,3 +990,199 @@ async def test_setup_entity_decorator_mode(setup_test_environment: list[str]) ->
     assert body_called
     object_id = extract_object_id_from_expressions(added_expressions)
     assert object_id == "temperature"
+
+
+# Tests for finalize_entity_strings packing
+#
+# These tests verify that flags and string indices produce non-zero packed values
+# and correct inline comments. The actual bit layout correctness (Python _*_SHIFT
+# matching C++ ENTITY_FIELD_*_SHIFT) is verified end-to-end by the integration
+# test test_host_mode_entity_fields, which compiles firmware and checks values
+# via the native API.
+
+
+def _extract_packed_value(expressions: list[str]) -> int:
+    """Extract the third argument (packed value) from a configure_entity_() call."""
+    for expr in expressions:
+        if "configure_entity_" in expr:
+            # Match the last integer argument before the closing ");"
+            match = re.search(r",\s*(\d+)\s*\)", expr)
+            if match:
+                return int(match.group(1))
+    raise AssertionError("No configure_entity_ call found")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_finalize_no_flags(setup_test_environment: list[str]) -> None:
+    """Test entity with no special flags — packed value is 0, no comment."""
+    added_expressions = setup_test_environment
+    var = MockObj("sensor1")
+    config = {
+        CONF_NAME: "Test",
+        CONF_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT: False,
+    }
+    await _setup_entity_impl(var, config, "sensor")
+    finalize_entity_strings(var, config)
+    packed = _extract_packed_value(added_expressions)
+    assert packed == 0
+    assert "//" not in added_expressions[0]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_finalize_internal(setup_test_environment: list[str]) -> None:
+    """Test entity with internal=True packs the internal flag."""
+    added_expressions = setup_test_environment
+    var = MockObj("sensor1")
+    config = {
+        CONF_NAME: "Test",
+        CONF_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT: False,
+        CONF_INTERNAL: True,
+    }
+    await _setup_entity_impl(var, config, "sensor")
+    finalize_entity_strings(var, config)
+    packed = _extract_packed_value(added_expressions)
+    assert packed != 0
+    assert "// internal" in added_expressions[0]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_finalize_disabled_by_default(
+    setup_test_environment: list[str],
+) -> None:
+    """Test entity with disabled_by_default=True packs the flag."""
+    added_expressions = setup_test_environment
+    var = MockObj("sensor1")
+    config = {
+        CONF_NAME: "Test",
+        CONF_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT: True,
+    }
+    await _setup_entity_impl(var, config, "sensor")
+    finalize_entity_strings(var, config)
+    packed = _extract_packed_value(added_expressions)
+    assert packed != 0
+    assert "// disabled_by_default" in added_expressions[0]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_finalize_entity_category(
+    setup_test_environment: list[str],
+) -> None:
+    """Test entity_category values are packed and described in comment."""
+    added_expressions = setup_test_environment
+    var = MockObj("sensor1")
+
+    # Test diagnostic
+    config = {
+        CONF_NAME: "Test",
+        CONF_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT: False,
+        CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY: "diagnostic",
+    }
+    await _setup_entity_impl(var, config, "sensor")
+    finalize_entity_strings(var, config)
+    packed_diag = _extract_packed_value(added_expressions)
+    assert packed_diag != 0
+    assert "category:diagnostic" in added_expressions[0]
+
+    # Test config — different packed value
+    added_expressions.clear()
+    config2 = {
+        CONF_NAME: "Test2",
+        CONF_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT: False,
+        CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY: "config",
+    }
+    await _setup_entity_impl(var, config2, "sensor")
+    finalize_entity_strings(var, config2)
+    packed_cfg = _extract_packed_value(added_expressions)
+    assert packed_cfg != 0
+    assert packed_cfg != packed_diag
+    assert "category:config" in added_expressions[0]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_finalize_string_indices(
+    setup_test_environment: list[str],
+) -> None:
+    """Test device_class, unit_of_measurement, and icon produce non-zero packed value."""
+    added_expressions = setup_test_environment
+    var = MockObj("sensor1")
+    config = {
+        CONF_NAME: "Test",
+        CONF_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT: False,
+        CONF_DEVICE_CLASS: "temperature",
+        CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT: "°C",
+        CONF_ICON: "mdi:thermometer",
+    }
+    await _setup_entity_impl(var, config, "sensor")
+    setup_device_class(config)
+    setup_unit_of_measurement(config)
+    finalize_entity_strings(var, config)
+    packed = _extract_packed_value(added_expressions)
+    assert packed != 0
+    comment = added_expressions[0]
+    assert "dc:temperature" in comment
+    assert "uom:°C" in comment
+    assert "icon:mdi:thermometer" in comment
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_finalize_all_fields(
+    setup_test_environment: list[str],
+) -> None:
+    """Test all fields set: flags, string indices, and comment."""
+    added_expressions = setup_test_environment
+    var = MockObj("sensor1")
+    config = {
+        CONF_NAME: "Test",
+        CONF_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT: True,
+        CONF_INTERNAL: True,
+        CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY: "diagnostic",
+        CONF_DEVICE_CLASS: "temperature",
+        CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT: "°C",
+        CONF_ICON: "mdi:thermometer",
+    }
+    await _setup_entity_impl(var, config, "sensor")
+    setup_device_class(config)
+    setup_unit_of_measurement(config)
+    finalize_entity_strings(var, config)
+    packed = _extract_packed_value(added_expressions)
+    assert packed != 0
+    # Verify comment contains all flags with actual string values
+    comment_line = added_expressions[0]
+    assert (
+        "// internal, disabled_by_default, category:diagnostic,"
+        " dc:temperature, uom:°C, icon:mdi:thermometer" in comment_line
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_finalize_comment_sanitization(
+    setup_test_environment: list[str],
+) -> None:
+    """Test that user strings in comments are sanitized against injection."""
+    added_expressions = setup_test_environment
+    var = MockObj("sensor1")
+    config = {
+        CONF_NAME: "Test",
+        CONF_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT: False,
+        # Backslash at end would cause line splice eating next code line
+        CONF_ICON: "mdi:evil\\",
+    }
+    await _setup_entity_impl(var, config, "sensor")
+    finalize_entity_strings(var, config)
+    comment_line = added_expressions[0]
+    # Backslash must be replaced to prevent line splice
+    assert "\\" not in comment_line
+    assert "mdi:evil/" in comment_line
+
+    added_expressions.clear()
+    config2 = {
+        CONF_NAME: "Test2",
+        CONF_DISABLED_BY_DEFAULT: False,
+        CONF_ICON: "mdi:evil\nINJECTED_CODE();",
+    }
+    await _setup_entity_impl(var, config2, "sensor")
+    finalize_entity_strings(var, config2)
+    comment_line = added_expressions[0]
+    # Newline must be replaced to prevent breaking out of comment
+    assert "\n" not in comment_line
+    assert "INJECTED_CODE" in comment_line  # still visible but safe in comment

From c681dc8872f88f894bb3b71026ffbec013c1bdc9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 15:11:24 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 477/609] [socket] Add socket wake support for RP2040 (#14498)

---
 .../components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp   | 73 ++++++++++++++++++-
 esphome/components/socket/socket.h            | 12 ++-
 esphome/core/application.cpp                  |  8 +-
 esphome/core/application.h                    |  8 +-
 esphome/core/component.cpp                    |  4 +-
 5 files changed, 93 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp
index d697bd47a5..445a57809d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp
@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266
 #include <coredecls.h>  // For esp_schedule()
+#elif defined(USE_RP2040)
+#include <hardware/sync.h>  // For __sev(), __wfe()
+#include <pico/time.h>      // For add_alarm_in_ms(), cancel_alarm()
 #endif
 
 namespace esphome::socket {
@@ -40,6 +43,72 @@ void IRAM_ATTR socket_wake() {
   s_socket_woke = true;
   esp_schedule();
 }
+#elif defined(USE_RP2040)
+// RP2040 (non-FreeRTOS) socket wake using hardware WFE/SEV instructions.
+//
+// Same pattern as ESP8266's esp_delay()/esp_schedule(): set a one-shot timer,
+// then sleep with __wfe(). Wake on either:
+//   - Timer alarm fires → callback calls __sev() → __wfe() returns → timeout
+//   - Socket data arrives → LWIP callback calls socket_wake() → __sev() → __wfe() returns → early wake
+//
+// CYW43 WiFi chip communicates via SPI interrupts on core 0. When data arrives,
+// the GPIO interrupt fires → async_context pendsv processes CYW43/LWIP → recv/accept
+// callbacks call socket_wake() → __sev() wakes the main loop from __wfe() sleep.
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+static volatile bool s_socket_woke = false;
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+static volatile bool s_delay_expired = false;
+
+static int64_t alarm_callback(alarm_id_t id, void *user_data) {
+  (void) id;
+  (void) user_data;
+  s_delay_expired = true;
+  // Wake the main loop from __wfe() sleep — timeout expired.
+  __sev();
+  // Return 0 = don't reschedule (one-shot)
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void socket_delay(uint32_t ms) {
+  if (ms == 0) {
+    yield();
+    return;
+  }
+  // If a wake was already signalled, consume it and return immediately
+  // instead of going to sleep. This avoids losing a wake that arrived
+  // between loop iterations.
+  if (s_socket_woke) {
+    s_socket_woke = false;
+    return;
+  }
+  s_socket_woke = false;
+  s_delay_expired = false;
+  // Set a one-shot timer to wake us after the timeout.
+  // add_alarm_in_ms returns >0 on success, 0 if time already passed, <0 on error.
+  alarm_id_t alarm = add_alarm_in_ms(ms, alarm_callback, nullptr, true);
+  if (alarm <= 0) {
+    delay(ms);
+    return;
+  }
+  // Sleep until woken by either the timer alarm or socket_wake().
+  // __wfe() may return spuriously (stale event register, other interrupts),
+  // so we loop checking both flags.
+  while (!s_socket_woke && !s_delay_expired) {
+    __wfe();
+  }
+  // Cancel timer if we woke early (socket data arrived before timeout)
+  if (!s_delay_expired)
+    cancel_alarm(alarm);
+}
+
+// No IRAM_ATTR equivalent needed: on RP2040, CYW43 async_context runs LWIP
+// callbacks via pendsv (not hard IRQ), so they execute from flash safely.
+void socket_wake() {
+  s_socket_woke = true;
+  // Wake the main loop from __wfe() sleep. __sev() is a global event that
+  // wakes any core sleeping in __wfe(). This is ISR-safe.
+  __sev();
+}
 #endif
 
 static const char *const TAG = "socket.lwip";
@@ -371,7 +440,7 @@ err_t LWIPRawImpl::recv_fn(struct pbuf *pb, err_t err) {
   } else {
     pbuf_cat(this->rx_buf_, pb);
   }
-#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+#if (defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040))
   // Wake the main loop immediately so it can process the received data.
   socket_wake();
 #endif
@@ -650,7 +719,7 @@ err_t LWIPRawListenImpl::accept_fn_(struct tcp_pcb *newpcb, err_t err) {
   sock->init();
   this->accepted_sockets_[this->accepted_socket_count_++] = std::move(sock);
   LWIP_LOG("Accepted connection, queue size: %d", this->accepted_socket_count_);
-#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+#if (defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040))
   // Wake the main loop immediately so it can accept the new connection.
   socket_wake();
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/socket.h b/esphome/components/socket/socket.h
index 0884e4ba3e..a21bd64730 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/socket.h
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/socket.h
@@ -120,13 +120,17 @@ socklen_t set_sockaddr_any(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen, uint16_t po
 /// Format sockaddr into caller-provided buffer, returns length written (excluding null)
 size_t format_sockaddr_to(const struct sockaddr *addr_ptr, socklen_t len, std::span<char, SOCKADDR_STR_LEN> buf);
 
-#if defined(USE_ESP8266) && defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP)
+#if (defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040)) && defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP)
 /// Delay that can be woken early by socket activity.
-/// On ESP8266, lwip callbacks set a flag and call esp_schedule() to wake the delay.
+/// On ESP8266, uses esp_delay() with a callback that checks socket activity.
+/// On RP2040, uses __wfe() (Wait For Event) to truly sleep until an interrupt
+/// (for example, CYW43 GPIO or a timer alarm) fires and wakes the CPU.
 void socket_delay(uint32_t ms);
 
-/// Signal socket/IO activity and wake the main loop from esp_delay() early.
-/// ISR-safe: uses IRAM_ATTR internally and only sets a volatile flag + esp_schedule().
+/// Signal socket/IO activity and wake the main loop early.
+/// On ESP8266: sets flag + esp_schedule().
+/// On RP2040: sets flag + __sev() (Send Event) to wake from __wfe().
+/// ISR-safe on both platforms.
 void socket_wake();  // NOLINT(readability-redundant-declaration)
 #endif
 
diff --git a/esphome/core/application.cpp b/esphome/core/application.cpp
index db1c8a0c0a..8685bff360 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/application.cpp
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
 #include "esphome/components/status_led/status_led.h"
 #endif
 
-#if defined(USE_ESP8266) && defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP)
+#if (defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040)) && defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP)
 #include "esphome/components/socket/socket.h"
 #endif
 
@@ -713,8 +713,10 @@ void Application::yield_with_select_(uint32_t delay_ms) {
   }
   // No sockets registered or select() failed - use regular delay
   delay(delay_ms);
-#elif defined(USE_ESP8266) && defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP)
-  // No select support but can wake on socket activity via esp_schedule()
+#elif (defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040)) && defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP)
+  // No select support but can wake on socket activity
+  // ESP8266: via esp_schedule()
+  // RP2040: via __sev()/__wfe() hardware sleep/wake
   socket::socket_delay(delay_ms);
 #else
   // No select support, use regular delay
diff --git a/esphome/core/application.h b/esphome/core/application.h
index 49253b6324..f357c6b1a3 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.h
+++ b/esphome/core/application.h
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 #endif
 #endif
 #endif  // USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
-#if defined(USE_ESP8266) && defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP)
+#if (defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040)) && defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP)
 namespace esphome::socket {
 void socket_wake();  // NOLINT(readability-redundant-declaration)
 }  // namespace esphome::socket
@@ -565,8 +565,12 @@ class Application {
 
 #if defined(USE_ESP8266) && defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP)
   /// Wake the main event loop from any context (ISR, thread, or main loop).
-  /// On ESP8266: sets the socket wake flag and calls esp_schedule() to exit esp_delay() early.
+  /// Sets the socket wake flag and calls esp_schedule() to exit esp_delay() early.
   static void IRAM_ATTR wake_loop_any_context() { socket::socket_wake(); }
+#elif defined(USE_RP2040) && defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP)
+  /// Wake the main event loop from any context.
+  /// Sets the socket wake flag and calls __sev() to exit __wfe() early.
+  static void wake_loop_any_context() { socket::socket_wake(); }
 #endif
 
  protected:
diff --git a/esphome/core/component.cpp b/esphome/core/component.cpp
index 2879d4b5ab..cce0c7b3e0 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/component.cpp
@@ -322,11 +322,13 @@ void IRAM_ATTR HOT Component::enable_loop_soon_any_context() {
   // 8. Race condition with main loop is handled by clearing flag before processing
   this->pending_enable_loop_ = true;
   App.has_pending_enable_loop_requests_ = true;
-#if (defined(USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT) && defined(USE_ESP32)) || (defined(USE_ESP8266) && defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP))
+#if (defined(USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT) && defined(USE_ESP32)) || \
+    ((defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040)) && defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP))
   // Wake the main loop from sleep. Without this, the main loop would not
   // wake until the select/delay timeout expires (~16ms).
   // ESP32: uses xPortInIsrContext() to choose the correct FreeRTOS notify API.
   // ESP8266: sets socket wake flag and calls esp_schedule() to exit esp_delay() early.
+  // RP2040: sets socket wake flag and calls __sev() to exit __wfe() early.
   Application::wake_loop_any_context();
 #endif
 }

From 6ba5c9a7056a07fe431ebf3689dbda307892ea85 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 15:22:39 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 478/609] [api] Skip state_action_() call in noise data path
 (#14629)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h      | 11 +++++++++++
 .../components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp  | 18 ++++--------------
 .../api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp         | 14 +++++++-------
 3 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h
index 2b4e9ea3cd..151314658e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h
@@ -232,6 +232,17 @@ class APIFrameHelper {
     EXPLICIT_REJECT = 8,  // Noise only
   };
 
+  // Fast inline state check for read_packet/write_protobuf_messages hot path.
+  // Returns OK only in DATA state; maps CLOSED/FAILED to BAD_STATE and any
+  // other intermediate state to WOULD_BLOCK.
+  inline APIError ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE check_data_state_() const {
+    if (this->state_ == State::DATA)
+      return APIError::OK;
+    if (this->state_ == State::CLOSED || this->state_ == State::FAILED)
+      return APIError::BAD_STATE;
+    return APIError::WOULD_BLOCK;
+  }
+
   // Containers (size varies, but typically 12+ bytes on 32-bit)
   std::array<std::unique_ptr<SendBuffer>, API_MAX_SEND_QUEUE> tx_buf_;
   std::vector<uint8_t> rx_buf_;
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp
index ba4f2f0642..62523fb835 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp
@@ -397,14 +397,9 @@ void APINoiseFrameHelper::send_explicit_handshake_reject_(const LogString *reaso
   state_ = orig_state;
 }
 APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) {
-  APIError aerr = this->state_action_();
-  if (aerr != APIError::OK) {
+  APIError aerr = this->check_data_state_();
+  if (aerr != APIError::OK)
     return aerr;
-  }
-
-  if (this->state_ != State::DATA) {
-    return APIError::WOULD_BLOCK;
-  }
 
   aerr = this->try_read_frame_();
   if (aerr != APIError::OK)
@@ -461,14 +456,9 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::write_protobuf_packet(uint8_t type, ProtoWriteBuff
 }
 
 APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::write_protobuf_messages(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, std::span<const MessageInfo> messages) {
-  APIError aerr = state_action_();
-  if (aerr != APIError::OK) {
+  APIError aerr = this->check_data_state_();
+  if (aerr != APIError::OK)
     return aerr;
-  }
-
-  if (state_ != State::DATA) {
-    return APIError::WOULD_BLOCK;
-  }
 
   if (messages.empty()) {
     return APIError::OK;
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp
index e2bb56e0ac..3c54ed7c70 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp
@@ -195,11 +195,11 @@ APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::try_read_frame_() {
 }
 
 APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) {
-  if (this->state_ != State::DATA) {
-    return APIError::WOULD_BLOCK;
-  }
+  APIError aerr = this->check_data_state_();
+  if (aerr != APIError::OK)
+    return aerr;
 
-  APIError aerr = this->try_read_frame_();
+  aerr = this->try_read_frame_();
   if (aerr != APIError::OK) {
     if (aerr == APIError::BAD_INDICATOR) {
       // Make sure to tell the remote that we don't
@@ -244,9 +244,9 @@ APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::write_protobuf_packet(uint8_t type, ProtoWrite
 
 APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::write_protobuf_messages(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer,
                                                           std::span<const MessageInfo> messages) {
-  if (state_ != State::DATA) {
-    return APIError::BAD_STATE;
-  }
+  APIError aerr = this->check_data_state_();
+  if (aerr != APIError::OK)
+    return aerr;
 
   if (messages.empty()) {
     return APIError::OK;

From cac751e9e8d1a185ede1f001bb19cc397a3b6a7f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Edward Firmo <94725493+edwardtfn@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2026 02:29:41 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 479/609] [nextion] Add configurable HTTP parameters for TFT
 upload (#14234)

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci-lite[bot] <117423508+pre-commit-ci-lite[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@koston.org>
---
 esphome/components/nextion/base_component.py  |  3 +
 esphome/components/nextion/display.py         | 66 +++++++++++++++++--
 esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp        | 12 ++++
 esphome/components/nextion/nextion.h          | 31 +++++++++
 .../nextion/nextion_upload_arduino.cpp        | 10 +--
 .../nextion/nextion_upload_esp32.cpp          |  8 ++-
 .../components/nextion/common_tft_upload.yaml |  5 ++
 .../nextion/common_tft_upload_watchdog.yaml   |  3 +
 tests/components/nextion/test.esp32-ard.yaml  |  6 +-
 tests/components/nextion/test.esp32-idf.yaml  |  6 +-
 .../components/nextion/test.esp8266-ard.yaml  |  5 +-
 11 files changed, 132 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/components/nextion/common_tft_upload.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/components/nextion/common_tft_upload_watchdog.yaml

diff --git a/esphome/components/nextion/base_component.py b/esphome/components/nextion/base_component.py
index 86551cbe23..7705b21b0b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nextion/base_component.py
+++ b/esphome/components/nextion/base_component.py
@@ -27,6 +27,9 @@ CONF_PRECISION = "precision"
 CONF_SKIP_CONNECTION_HANDSHAKE = "skip_connection_handshake"
 CONF_START_UP_PAGE = "start_up_page"
 CONF_STARTUP_OVERRIDE_MS = "startup_override_ms"
+CONF_TFT_UPLOAD_HTTP_RETRIES = "tft_upload_http_retries"
+CONF_TFT_UPLOAD_HTTP_TIMEOUT = "tft_upload_http_timeout"
+CONF_TFT_UPLOAD_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT = "tft_upload_watchdog_timeout"
 CONF_TFT_URL = "tft_url"
 CONF_TOUCH_SLEEP_TIMEOUT = "touch_sleep_timeout"
 CONF_VARIABLE_NAME = "variable_name"
diff --git a/esphome/components/nextion/display.py b/esphome/components/nextion/display.py
index 3bfcc95995..b8fcd5d8cf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nextion/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/nextion/display.py
@@ -33,15 +33,24 @@ from .base_component import (
     CONF_SKIP_CONNECTION_HANDSHAKE,
     CONF_START_UP_PAGE,
     CONF_STARTUP_OVERRIDE_MS,
+    CONF_TFT_UPLOAD_HTTP_RETRIES,
+    CONF_TFT_UPLOAD_HTTP_TIMEOUT,
+    CONF_TFT_UPLOAD_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT,
     CONF_TFT_URL,
     CONF_TOUCH_SLEEP_TIMEOUT,
     CONF_WAKE_UP_PAGE,
 )
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@senexcrenshaw", "@edwardtfn"]
-
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
-AUTO_LOAD = ["binary_sensor", "switch", "sensor", "text_sensor"]
+
+
+def AUTO_LOAD() -> list[str]:
+    base = ["binary_sensor", "switch", "sensor", "text_sensor"]
+    if CORE.is_esp32:
+        base.append("watchdog")
+    return base
+
 
 NextionSetBrightnessAction = nextion_ns.class_(
     "NextionSetBrightnessAction", automation.Action
@@ -55,7 +64,24 @@ BufferOverflowTrigger = nextion_ns.class_(
     "BufferOverflowTrigger", automation.Trigger.template()
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+
+def _validate_tft_upload(config):
+    has_tft_url = CONF_TFT_URL in config
+    for conf_key in (
+        CONF_TFT_UPLOAD_HTTP_TIMEOUT,
+        CONF_TFT_UPLOAD_HTTP_RETRIES,
+        CONF_TFT_UPLOAD_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT,
+    ):
+        if conf_key in config and not has_tft_url:
+            raise cv.Invalid(f"{conf_key} requires {CONF_TFT_URL} to be set")
+    if CONF_TFT_UPLOAD_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT in config and not CORE.is_esp32:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"{CONF_TFT_UPLOAD_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT} is only available on ESP32"
+        )
+    return config
+
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     display.BASIC_DISPLAY_SCHEMA.extend(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(Nextion),
@@ -115,6 +141,14 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
                 ),
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_START_UP_PAGE): cv.uint8_t,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TFT_UPLOAD_HTTP_RETRIES): cv.int_range(min=1, max=255),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TFT_UPLOAD_HTTP_TIMEOUT): cv.All(
+                cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+                cv.Range(max=TimePeriod(milliseconds=65535)),
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_TFT_UPLOAD_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT
+            ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
             cv.Optional(CONF_TFT_URL): cv.url,
             cv.Optional(CONF_TOUCH_SLEEP_TIMEOUT): cv.Any(
                 0, cv.int_range(min=3, max=65535)
@@ -123,7 +157,8 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
         }
     )
     .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("5s"))
-    .extend(uart.UART_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(uart.UART_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
+    _validate_tft_upload,
 )
 
 
@@ -176,6 +211,29 @@ async def to_code(config):
     if CONF_TFT_URL in config:
         cg.add_define("USE_NEXTION_TFT_UPLOAD")
         cg.add(var.set_tft_url(config[CONF_TFT_URL]))
+
+        # TFT upload HTTP timeout (default: 4.5s)
+        if CONF_TFT_UPLOAD_HTTP_TIMEOUT in config:
+            cg.add(
+                var.set_tft_upload_http_timeout(
+                    config[CONF_TFT_UPLOAD_HTTP_TIMEOUT].total_milliseconds
+                )
+            )
+
+        # TFT upload HTTP retries (default: 5)
+        if CONF_TFT_UPLOAD_HTTP_RETRIES in config:
+            cg.add(
+                var.set_tft_upload_http_retries(config[CONF_TFT_UPLOAD_HTTP_RETRIES])
+            )
+
+        # TFT upload watchdog timeout (default: 0 = no adjustment)
+        if CONF_TFT_UPLOAD_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT in config:
+            cg.add(
+                var.set_tft_upload_watchdog_timeout(
+                    config[CONF_TFT_UPLOAD_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT].total_milliseconds
+                )
+            )
+
         if CORE.is_esp32:
             # Re-enable ESP-IDF's HTTP client (excluded by default to save compile time)
             esp32.include_builtin_idf_component("esp_http_client")
diff --git a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp
index c8c1b6fa41..cb20c34005 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp
@@ -191,6 +191,18 @@ void Nextion::dump_config() {
 #ifdef USE_NEXTION_MAX_QUEUE_SIZE
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Max queue size: %zu", this->max_queue_size_);
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_NEXTION_TFT_UPLOAD
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "  TFT URL: %s\n"
+                "  TFT upload HTTP timeout: %" PRIu16 "ms\n"
+                "  TFT upload HTTP retries: %u",
+                this->tft_url_.c_str(), this->tft_upload_http_timeout_, this->tft_upload_http_retries_);
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+  if (this->tft_upload_watchdog_timeout_ > 0) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  TFT upload WDT timeout: %" PRIu32 "ms", this->tft_upload_watchdog_timeout_);
+  }
+#endif  // USE_ESP32
+#endif  // USE_NEXTION_TFT_UPLOAD
 }
 
 void Nextion::update() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.h b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.h
index c42ddba9b5..7999e3c4e3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.h
+++ b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.h
@@ -1071,6 +1071,33 @@ class Nextion : public NextionBase, public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDe
   bool send_command_printf(const char *format, ...) __attribute__((format(printf, 2, 3)));
 
 #ifdef USE_NEXTION_TFT_UPLOAD
+  /**
+   * @brief Set the HTTP timeout for TFT upload requests.
+   * @param timeout_ms Timeout in milliseconds. Defaults to 4500ms (4.5s).
+   */
+  void set_tft_upload_http_timeout(uint16_t timeout_ms) { this->tft_upload_http_timeout_ = timeout_ms; }
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+  /**
+   * @brief Set the watchdog timeout during TFT upload.
+   *
+   * The system watchdog timeout is temporarily adjusted to this value
+   * during the entire TFT transfer process and restored to the original
+   * value after the transfer completes (whether successful or not).
+   *
+   * A value of 0 means no watchdog adjustment (default).
+   *
+   * @param timeout_ms Watchdog timeout in milliseconds. 0 = no adjustment.
+   */
+  void set_tft_upload_watchdog_timeout(uint32_t timeout_ms) { this->tft_upload_watchdog_timeout_ = timeout_ms; }
+#endif  // USE_ESP32
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Set the number of HTTP retries for TFT upload requests.
+   * @param retries Number of retries. Defaults to 5. Range: 1-255.
+   */
+  void set_tft_upload_http_retries(uint8_t retries) { this->tft_upload_http_retries_ = retries; }
+
   /**
    * Set the tft file URL.
    */
@@ -1439,8 +1466,12 @@ class Nextion : public NextionBase, public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDe
   int tft_size_ = 0;
   uint32_t original_baud_rate_ = 0;
   bool upload_first_chunk_sent_ = false;
+  uint16_t tft_upload_http_timeout_{4500};  ///< HTTP timeout in ms (default: 4.5s)
+  uint8_t tft_upload_http_retries_{5};      ///< HTTP retry count (default: 5)
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
+  uint32_t tft_upload_watchdog_timeout_{0};  ///< WDT timeout in ms (0 = no adjustment)
+
   /**
    * will request 4096 bytes chunks from the web server
    * and send each to Nextion
diff --git a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_arduino.cpp b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_arduino.cpp
index 46a04c1b2e..e03f1f470b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_arduino.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_arduino.cpp
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ bool Nextion::upload_tft(uint32_t baud_rate, bool exit_reparse) {
   // Define the configuration for the HTTP client
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Init HTTP client, heap: %" PRIu32, EspClass::getFreeHeap());
   HTTPClient http_client;
-  http_client.setTimeout(15000);  // Yes 15 seconds.... Helps 8266s along
+  http_client.setTimeout(this->tft_upload_http_timeout_);
 
   bool begin_status = false;
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266
@@ -192,15 +192,15 @@ bool Nextion::upload_tft(uint32_t baud_rate, bool exit_reparse) {
   http_client.collectHeaders(header_names, 1);
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "URL: %s", this->tft_url_.c_str());
   http_client.setReuse(true);
-  // try up to 5 times. DNS sometimes needs a second try or so
+
   int tries = 1;
   int code = http_client.GET();
   delay(100);  // NOLINT
 
   App.feed_wdt();
-  while (code != 200 && code != 206 && tries <= 5) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "HTTP fail: URL: %s; Error: %s, retry %d/5", this->tft_url_.c_str(),
-             HTTPClient::errorToString(code).c_str(), tries);
+  while (code != 200 && code != 206 && tries <= this->tft_upload_http_retries_) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "HTTP fail: URL: %s; Error: %s, retry %d/%u", this->tft_url_.c_str(),
+             HTTPClient::errorToString(code).c_str(), tries, this->tft_upload_http_retries_);
 
     delay(250);  // NOLINT
     App.feed_wdt();
diff --git a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_esp32.cpp
index 43f59a8d4b..1014c728a8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_esp32.cpp
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <esp_http_client.h>
 #include <cinttypes>
 #include "esphome/components/network/util.h"
+#include "esphome/components/watchdog/watchdog.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ int Nextion::upload_by_chunks_(esp_http_client_handle_t http_client, uint32_t &r
     int partial_read_len = 0;
     uint8_t retries = 0;
     // Attempt to read the chunk with retries.
-    while (retries < 5 && read_len < buffer_size) {
+    while (retries < this->tft_upload_http_retries_ && read_len < buffer_size) {
       partial_read_len =
           esp_http_client_read(http_client, reinterpret_cast<char *>(buffer) + read_len, buffer_size - read_len);
       if (partial_read_len > 0) {
@@ -167,6 +168,9 @@ bool Nextion::upload_tft(uint32_t baud_rate, bool exit_reparse) {
     return false;
   }
 
+  // Temporarily adjust watchdog timeout for the duration of the TFT upload
+  watchdog::WatchdogManager wdm(this->tft_upload_watchdog_timeout_);
+
   this->connection_state_.is_updating_ = true;
 
   if (exit_reparse) {
@@ -190,7 +194,7 @@ bool Nextion::upload_tft(uint32_t baud_rate, bool exit_reparse) {
       .url = this->tft_url_.c_str(),
       .cert_pem = nullptr,
       .method = HTTP_METHOD_HEAD,
-      .timeout_ms = 15000,
+      .timeout_ms = static_cast<int>(this->tft_upload_http_timeout_),
       .disable_auto_redirect = false,
       .max_redirection_count = 10,
   };
diff --git a/tests/components/nextion/common_tft_upload.yaml b/tests/components/nextion/common_tft_upload.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..190abbc7b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/nextion/common_tft_upload.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+display:
+  - id: !extend main_lcd
+    tft_url: http://esphome.io/default35.tft
+    tft_upload_http_timeout: 20s
+    tft_upload_http_retries: 10
diff --git a/tests/components/nextion/common_tft_upload_watchdog.yaml b/tests/components/nextion/common_tft_upload_watchdog.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..385fee359e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/nextion/common_tft_upload_watchdog.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+display:
+  - id: !extend main_lcd
+    tft_upload_watchdog_timeout: 30s
diff --git a/tests/components/nextion/test.esp32-ard.yaml b/tests/components/nextion/test.esp32-ard.yaml
index 7e94a9b4a5..a4f71628da 100644
--- a/tests/components/nextion/test.esp32-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/nextion/test.esp32-ard.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 packages:
   uart: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart/esp32-ard.yaml
   base: !include common.yaml
-
-display:
-  - id: !extend main_lcd
-    tft_url: http://esphome.io/default35.tft
+  tft_upload: !include common_tft_upload.yaml
+  tft_upload_watchdog: !include common_tft_upload_watchdog.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/nextion/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/nextion/test.esp32-idf.yaml
index 99820f0f8d..259b71c9d0 100644
--- a/tests/components/nextion/test.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/nextion/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 packages:
   uart: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart/esp32-idf.yaml
   base: !include common.yaml
-
-display:
-  - id: !extend main_lcd
-    tft_url: http://esphome.io/default35.tft
+  tft_upload: !include common_tft_upload.yaml
+  tft_upload_watchdog: !include common_tft_upload_watchdog.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/nextion/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/nextion/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
index 49f79b2f4c..a2b0e727cc 100644
--- a/tests/components/nextion/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/nextion/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
 packages:
   uart: !include ../../test_build_components/common/uart/esp8266-ard.yaml
   base: !include common.yaml
-
-display:
-  - id: !extend main_lcd
-    tft_url: http://esphome.io/default35.tft
+  tft_upload: !include common_tft_upload.yaml

From 5b9cab02bee18da518c522fbdcf26b0b12fb17f6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 22:37:54 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 480/609] [multiple] Add default initializers to uninitialized
 member variables (#14636)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/duty_time/duty_time_sensor.h      | 6 +++---
 esphome/components/growatt_solar/growatt_solar.h     | 4 ++--
 esphome/components/hte501/hte501.h                   | 4 ++--
 esphome/components/select/select_call.h              | 2 +-
 esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/uponor_smatrix.h   | 4 ++--
 esphome/components/wifi_info/wifi_info_text_sensor.h | 2 +-
 esphome/components/x9c/x9c.h                         | 6 +++---
 7 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/duty_time/duty_time_sensor.h b/esphome/components/duty_time/duty_time_sensor.h
index d9fb2a6d60..d21802ebb6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/duty_time/duty_time_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/duty_time/duty_time_sensor.h
@@ -41,9 +41,9 @@ class DutyTimeSensor : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent {
   sensor::Sensor *last_duty_time_sensor_{nullptr};
   ESPPreferenceObject pref_;
 
-  uint32_t total_sec_;
-  uint32_t last_time_;
-  uint32_t edge_time_;
+  uint32_t total_sec_{0};
+  uint32_t last_time_{0};
+  uint32_t edge_time_{0};
   bool last_state_{false};
   bool restore_;
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/growatt_solar/growatt_solar.h b/esphome/components/growatt_solar/growatt_solar.h
index b0ddd4b99d..833d6a36dd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/growatt_solar/growatt_solar.h
+++ b/esphome/components/growatt_solar/growatt_solar.h
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ class GrowattSolar : public PollingComponent, public modbus::ModbusDevice {
   }
 
  protected:
-  bool waiting_to_update_;
-  uint32_t last_send_;
+  bool waiting_to_update_{false};
+  uint32_t last_send_{0};
 
   struct GrowattPhase {
     sensor::Sensor *voltage_sensor_{nullptr};
diff --git a/esphome/components/hte501/hte501.h b/esphome/components/hte501/hte501.h
index b47daf9157..7f29885f49 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hte501/hte501.h
+++ b/esphome/components/hte501/hte501.h
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ class HTE501Component : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
   void update() override;
 
  protected:
-  sensor::Sensor *temperature_sensor_;
-  sensor::Sensor *humidity_sensor_;
+  sensor::Sensor *temperature_sensor_{nullptr};
+  sensor::Sensor *humidity_sensor_{nullptr};
 
   enum ErrorCode { NONE = 0, COMMUNICATION_FAILED, CRC_CHECK_FAILED } error_code_{NONE};
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/select/select_call.h b/esphome/components/select/select_call.h
index c9abbc69a0..fbe7b82e92 100644
--- a/esphome/components/select/select_call.h
+++ b/esphome/components/select/select_call.h
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class SelectCall {
   Select *const parent_;
   optional<size_t> index_;
   SelectOperation operation_{SELECT_OP_NONE};
-  bool cycle_;
+  bool cycle_{false};
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::select
diff --git a/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/uponor_smatrix.h b/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/uponor_smatrix.h
index bd760f0d77..bd20e9b6a0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/uponor_smatrix.h
+++ b/esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/uponor_smatrix.h
@@ -89,8 +89,8 @@ class UponorSmatrixComponent : public uart::UARTDevice, public Component {
 
   std::vector<uint8_t> rx_buffer_;
   std::queue<std::vector<uint8_t>> tx_queue_;
-  uint32_t last_rx_;
-  uint32_t last_tx_;
+  uint32_t last_rx_{0};
+  uint32_t last_tx_{0};
 
 #ifdef USE_TIME
   time::RealTimeClock *time_id_{nullptr};
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi_info/wifi_info_text_sensor.h b/esphome/components/wifi_info/wifi_info_text_sensor.h
index 8ef35a5f5d..7ade170c02 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi_info/wifi_info_text_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi_info/wifi_info_text_sensor.h
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ class IPAddressWiFiInfo final : public Component, public text_sensor::TextSensor
                    const network::IPAddress &dns2) override;
 
  protected:
-  std::array<text_sensor::TextSensor *, 5> ip_sensors_;
+  std::array<text_sensor::TextSensor *, 5> ip_sensors_{};
 };
 
 class DNSAddressWifiInfo final : public Component, public text_sensor::TextSensor, public wifi::WiFiIPStateListener {
diff --git a/esphome/components/x9c/x9c.h b/esphome/components/x9c/x9c.h
index 66c3df14e1..7dcd79bb7c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/x9c/x9c.h
+++ b/esphome/components/x9c/x9c.h
@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@ class X9cOutput : public output::FloatOutput, public Component {
   InternalGPIOPin *cs_pin_;
   InternalGPIOPin *inc_pin_;
   InternalGPIOPin *ud_pin_;
-  float initial_value_;
-  float pot_value_;
-  int step_delay_;
+  float initial_value_{0.0f};
+  float pot_value_{0.0f};
+  int step_delay_{0};
 };
 
 }  // namespace x9c

From 5d3893368d003a0904554e9170a1645f5c687efe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 23:16:32 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 481/609] [multiple] Add array bounds checks (#14635)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .../addressable_light/addressable_light_display.cpp         | 5 ++++-
 esphome/components/bme680_bsec/bme680_bsec.cpp              | 2 +-
 esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/bme68x_bsec2.cpp            | 1 +
 esphome/components/dac7678/dac7678_output.cpp               | 2 ++
 esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/seeed_mr24hpc1.cpp        | 5 +++--
 esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/seeed_mr60fda2.cpp        | 6 ++++++
 6 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/addressable_light/addressable_light_display.cpp b/esphome/components/addressable_light/addressable_light_display.cpp
index 16fab15b17..329620bcf0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/addressable_light/addressable_light_display.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/addressable_light/addressable_light_display.cpp
@@ -58,7 +58,10 @@ void HOT AddressableLightDisplay::draw_absolute_pixel_internal(int x, int y, Col
 
   if (this->pixel_mapper_f_.has_value()) {
     // Params are passed by reference, so they may be modified in call.
-    this->addressable_light_buffer_[(*this->pixel_mapper_f_)(x, y)] = color;
+    int index = (*this->pixel_mapper_f_)(x, y);
+    if (index < 0 || static_cast<size_t>(index) >= this->addressable_light_buffer_.size())
+      return;
+    this->addressable_light_buffer_[index] = color;
   } else {
     this->addressable_light_buffer_[y * this->get_width_internal() + x] = color;
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/bme680_bsec.cpp b/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/bme680_bsec.cpp
index 392d071b31..454be0c0fe 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/bme680_bsec.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/bme680_bsec.cpp
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ void BME680BSECComponent::publish_(const bsec_output_t *outputs, uint8_t num_out
     switch (outputs[i].sensor_id) {
       case BSEC_OUTPUT_IAQ:
       case BSEC_OUTPUT_STATIC_IAQ: {
-        uint8_t accuracy = outputs[i].accuracy;
+        uint8_t accuracy = std::min<uint8_t>(outputs[i].accuracy, std::size(IAQ_ACCURACY_STATES) - 1);
         this->queue_push_([this, signal]() { this->publish_sensor_(this->iaq_sensor_, signal); });
         this->queue_push_([this, accuracy]() {
           this->publish_sensor_(this->iaq_accuracy_text_sensor_, IAQ_ACCURACY_STATES[accuracy]);
diff --git a/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/bme68x_bsec2.cpp b/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/bme68x_bsec2.cpp
index 1a42c9d54b..0210d1e67d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/bme68x_bsec2.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/bme68x_bsec2.cpp
@@ -438,6 +438,7 @@ void BME68xBSEC2Component::publish_(const bsec_output_t *outputs, uint8_t num_ou
     }
   }
   if (update_accuracy) {
+    max_accuracy = std::min<uint8_t>(max_accuracy, std::size(IAQ_ACCURACY_STATES) - 1);
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
     this->queue_push_(
         [this, max_accuracy]() { this->publish_sensor_(this->iaq_accuracy_sensor_, max_accuracy, true); });
diff --git a/esphome/components/dac7678/dac7678_output.cpp b/esphome/components/dac7678/dac7678_output.cpp
index 83f8722e7f..27ab54f0be 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dac7678/dac7678_output.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/dac7678/dac7678_output.cpp
@@ -62,6 +62,8 @@ void DAC7678Output::register_channel(DAC7678Channel *channel) {
 }
 
 void DAC7678Output::set_channel_value_(uint8_t channel, uint16_t value) {
+  if (channel >= std::size(this->dac_input_reg_))
+    return;
   if (this->dac_input_reg_[channel] != value) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Channel %01u: input_reg=%04u ", channel, value);
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/seeed_mr24hpc1.cpp b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/seeed_mr24hpc1.cpp
index 99d519b434..263603704a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/seeed_mr24hpc1.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/seeed_mr24hpc1.cpp
@@ -452,7 +452,8 @@ void MR24HPC1Component::r24_frame_parse_open_underlying_information_(uint8_t *da
       }
       break;
     case 0x83:
-      if (this->custom_presence_of_detection_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+      if (this->custom_presence_of_detection_sensor_ != nullptr &&
+          data[FRAME_DATA_INDEX] < std::size(S_PRESENCE_OF_DETECTION_RANGE_STR)) {
         this->custom_presence_of_detection_sensor_->publish_state(
             S_PRESENCE_OF_DETECTION_RANGE_STR[data[FRAME_DATA_INDEX]]);
       }
@@ -646,7 +647,7 @@ void MR24HPC1Component::r24_frame_parse_human_information_(uint8_t *data) {
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
     case 0x01:
     case 0x81:
-      if (this->has_target_binary_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+      if (this->has_target_binary_sensor_ != nullptr && data[FRAME_DATA_INDEX] < std::size(S_SOMEONE_EXISTS_STR)) {
         this->has_target_binary_sensor_->publish_state(S_SOMEONE_EXISTS_STR[data[FRAME_DATA_INDEX]]);
       }
       break;
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/seeed_mr60fda2.cpp b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/seeed_mr60fda2.cpp
index c6527a948e..e24e9b338e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/seeed_mr60fda2.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/seeed_mr60fda2.cpp
@@ -334,6 +334,8 @@ void MR60FDA2Component::process_frame_() {
 
 // Send Heartbeat Packet Command
 void MR60FDA2Component::set_install_height(uint8_t index) {
+  if (index >= std::size(INSTALL_HEIGHT))
+    return;
   uint8_t send_data[13] = {0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x0E, 0x04, 0xF0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
   float_to_bytes(INSTALL_HEIGHT[index], &send_data[8]);
   send_data[12] = calculate_checksum(send_data + 8, 4);
@@ -345,6 +347,8 @@ void MR60FDA2Component::set_install_height(uint8_t index) {
 }
 
 void MR60FDA2Component::set_height_threshold(uint8_t index) {
+  if (index >= std::size(HEIGHT_THRESHOLD))
+    return;
   uint8_t send_data[13] = {0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x0E, 0x08, 0xFC, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
   float_to_bytes(HEIGHT_THRESHOLD[index], &send_data[8]);
   send_data[12] = calculate_checksum(send_data + 8, 4);
@@ -356,6 +360,8 @@ void MR60FDA2Component::set_height_threshold(uint8_t index) {
 }
 
 void MR60FDA2Component::set_sensitivity(uint8_t index) {
+  if (index >= std::size(SENSITIVITY))
+    return;
   uint8_t send_data[13] = {0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x0E, 0x0A, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
 
   int_to_bytes(SENSITIVITY[index], &send_data[8]);

From 088a8a4338940c061fa181b55845a5d25c6268ce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 8 Mar 2026 17:23:58 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 482/609] [ci] Match symbols with changed signatures in memory
 impact analysis (#14600)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 script/ci_memory_impact_comment.py            | 75 ++++++++++++++
 tests/unit_tests/analyze_memory/__init__.py   |  0
 .../test_ci_memory_impact_comment.py          | 99 +++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 174 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tests/unit_tests/analyze_memory/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 tests/unit_tests/analyze_memory/test_ci_memory_impact_comment.py

diff --git a/script/ci_memory_impact_comment.py b/script/ci_memory_impact_comment.py
index a296130645..01316da27f 100755
--- a/script/ci_memory_impact_comment.py
+++ b/script/ci_memory_impact_comment.py
@@ -160,6 +160,76 @@ def format_change(before: int, after: int, threshold: float | None = None) -> st
     return f"{emoji} {delta_str} ({pct_str})"
 
 
+def _sig_base(sym: str) -> str:
+    """Strip argument types from a symbol name for fuzzy matching.
+
+    Removes the entire outermost parenthesized argument list (including
+    the parentheses) from the symbol string.
+
+    This makes, for example, "foo(int)::nested" and "foo(float)::nested"
+    share the same key "foo::nested", while "foo(int)" maps to "foo" and
+    therefore does NOT collide with "foo(int)::nested".
+    """
+    start = sym.find("(")
+    if start == -1:
+        return sym
+    end = sym.rfind(")")
+    if end == -1:
+        return sym
+    return sym[:start] + sym[end + 1 :]
+
+
+_AMBIGUOUS = object()
+
+
+def _match_signature_changes(
+    changed_symbols: list[tuple[str, int, int, int]],
+    new_symbols: list[tuple[str, int]],
+    removed_symbols: list[tuple[str, int]],
+) -> tuple[
+    list[tuple[str, int, int, int]],
+    list[tuple[str, int]],
+    list[tuple[str, int]],
+]:
+    """Match new/removed symbol pairs that only differ in argument types.
+
+    When a function's argument types change (e.g. foo(vector<>&) -> foo(Buffer&)),
+    it appears as a new + removed symbol. This matches them by base name and moves
+    them to changed_symbols. Only matches unambiguous 1:1 pairs.
+    """
+    if not new_symbols or not removed_symbols:
+        return changed_symbols, new_symbols, removed_symbols
+
+    # Build base -> entry maps; mark ambiguous bases with sentinel
+    new_by_base: dict[str, tuple[str, int] | object] = {}
+    for entry in new_symbols:
+        base = _sig_base(entry[0])
+        new_by_base[base] = _AMBIGUOUS if base in new_by_base else entry
+    removed_by_base: dict[str, tuple[str, int] | object] = {}
+    for entry in removed_symbols:
+        base = _sig_base(entry[0])
+        removed_by_base[base] = _AMBIGUOUS if base in removed_by_base else entry
+
+    matched: set[str] = set()  # matched base keys
+    for base, new_entry in new_by_base.items():
+        if new_entry is _AMBIGUOUS:
+            continue
+        rem_entry = removed_by_base.get(base)
+        if rem_entry is None or rem_entry is _AMBIGUOUS:
+            continue
+        pr_sym, pr_size = new_entry
+        _rm_sym, target_size = rem_entry
+        delta = pr_size - target_size
+        if delta != 0:
+            changed_symbols.append((pr_sym, target_size, pr_size, delta))
+        matched.add(base)
+
+    if matched:
+        new_symbols = [e for e in new_symbols if _sig_base(e[0]) not in matched]
+        removed_symbols = [e for e in removed_symbols if _sig_base(e[0]) not in matched]
+    return changed_symbols, new_symbols, removed_symbols
+
+
 def prepare_symbol_changes_data(
     target_symbols: dict | None, pr_symbols: dict | None
 ) -> dict | None:
@@ -200,6 +270,11 @@ def prepare_symbol_changes_data(
             delta = pr_size - target_size
             changed_symbols.append((symbol, target_size, pr_size, delta))
 
+    # Match new/removed symbols that only differ in argument types
+    changed_symbols, new_symbols, removed_symbols = _match_signature_changes(
+        changed_symbols, new_symbols, removed_symbols
+    )
+
     if not changed_symbols and not new_symbols and not removed_symbols:
         return None
 
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/analyze_memory/__init__.py b/tests/unit_tests/analyze_memory/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/analyze_memory/test_ci_memory_impact_comment.py b/tests/unit_tests/analyze_memory/test_ci_memory_impact_comment.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8399ac0303
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/analyze_memory/test_ci_memory_impact_comment.py
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+"""Tests for script/ci_memory_impact_comment.py symbol matching."""
+
+from pathlib import Path
+import sys
+
+# Add script directory to path so we can import the module
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).parent.parent.parent.parent / "script"))
+
+from ci_memory_impact_comment import prepare_symbol_changes_data  # noqa: E402
+
+
+def test_prepare_symbol_changes_signature_match() -> None:
+    """Symbols with same base name but different args are matched as changed."""
+    target = {
+        "Foo::bar(std::vector<unsigned char>&, int)": 300,
+        "unchanged()": 50,
+    }
+    pr = {
+        "Foo::bar(ProtoByteBuffer&, int)": 320,
+        "unchanged()": 50,
+    }
+    result = prepare_symbol_changes_data(target, pr)
+    assert result is not None
+    assert len(result["changed_symbols"]) == 1
+    assert len(result["new_symbols"]) == 0
+    assert len(result["removed_symbols"]) == 0
+    sym, t_size, p_size, delta = result["changed_symbols"][0]
+    assert sym == "Foo::bar(ProtoByteBuffer&, int)"
+    assert t_size == 300
+    assert p_size == 320
+    assert delta == 20
+
+
+def test_prepare_symbol_changes_ambiguous_overloads_not_matched() -> None:
+    """Multiple overloads with same base name stay as new/removed."""
+    target = {
+        "Foo::bar(int)": 100,
+        "Foo::bar(float)": 200,
+    }
+    pr = {
+        "Foo::bar(double)": 150,
+        "Foo::bar(long)": 250,
+    }
+    result = prepare_symbol_changes_data(target, pr)
+    assert result is not None
+    assert len(result["changed_symbols"]) == 0
+    assert len(result["new_symbols"]) == 2
+    assert len(result["removed_symbols"]) == 2
+
+
+def test_prepare_symbol_changes_no_parens_not_matched() -> None:
+    """Symbols without parens (variables) are not fuzzy-matched."""
+    target = {"my_global_var": 100}
+    pr = {"my_global_var_v2": 120}
+    result = prepare_symbol_changes_data(target, pr)
+    assert result is not None
+    assert len(result["changed_symbols"]) == 0
+    assert len(result["new_symbols"]) == 1
+    assert len(result["removed_symbols"]) == 1
+
+
+def test_prepare_symbol_changes_nested_symbols_matched_separately() -> None:
+    """Nested symbols like ::__pstr__ don't collide with parent function."""
+    target = {
+        "Foo::bar(std::vector<unsigned char>&, int)": 300,
+        "Foo::bar(std::vector<unsigned char>&, int)::__pstr__": 19,
+    }
+    pr = {
+        "Foo::bar(ProtoByteBuffer&, int)": 320,
+        "Foo::bar(ProtoByteBuffer&, int)::__pstr__": 19,
+    }
+    result = prepare_symbol_changes_data(target, pr)
+    assert result is not None
+    # Both the function and its nested __pstr__ should be matched (not new/removed)
+    assert len(result["new_symbols"]) == 0
+    assert len(result["removed_symbols"]) == 0
+    # __pstr__ has delta=0 so it's silently dropped, only the function shows
+    assert len(result["changed_symbols"]) == 1
+    sym, t_size, p_size, delta = result["changed_symbols"][0]
+    assert sym == "Foo::bar(ProtoByteBuffer&, int)"
+    assert delta == 20
+
+
+def test_prepare_symbol_changes_exact_match_preferred() -> None:
+    """Exact name matches are found before fuzzy matching runs."""
+    target = {
+        "Foo::bar(int)": 100,
+    }
+    pr = {
+        "Foo::bar(int)": 120,
+    }
+    result = prepare_symbol_changes_data(target, pr)
+    assert result is not None
+    assert len(result["changed_symbols"]) == 1
+    assert len(result["new_symbols"]) == 0
+    assert len(result["removed_symbols"]) == 0
+    sym, t_size, p_size, delta = result["changed_symbols"][0]
+    assert sym == "Foo::bar(int)"
+    assert delta == 20

From f3ca86b67017991a13a1cb27b242b373e64ed29e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Clyde Stubbs <2366188+clydebarrow@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2026 14:48:03 +1100
Subject: [PATCH 483/609] [ci-custom] Directions on constant hoisting (#14637)

---
 script/ci-custom.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/script/ci-custom.py b/script/ci-custom.py
index 8e1652b505..06fcdadb8c 100755
--- a/script/ci-custom.py
+++ b/script/ci-custom.py
@@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ def lint_constants_usage():
             continue
         errs.append(
             f"Constant {highlight(constant)} is defined in {len(uses)} files. Please move all definitions of the "
-            f"constant to const.py (Uses: {', '.join(str(u) for u in uses)}) in a separate PR. "
+            f"constant to esphome/components/const/__init__.py (Uses: {', '.join(str(u) for u in uses)}) in a separate PR. "
             "See https://developers.esphome.io/contributing/code/#python"
         )
     return errs

From 0db9137d9101a04c4b2a8836e13308de60280c35 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2026 00:10:48 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 484/609] [multiple] Add division by zero guards (#14634)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick+github@koston.org>
---
 esphome/components/bl0942/bl0942.cpp           |  2 +-
 esphome/components/combination/combination.cpp | 11 ++++++++++-
 esphome/components/graph/graph.cpp             |  2 +-
 esphome/components/mics_4514/mics_4514.cpp     |  6 ++++++
 esphome/components/tsl2561/tsl2561.cpp         |  4 ++++
 esphome/components/ufire_ec/ufire_ec.cpp       | 14 +++++++++++---
 esphome/components/ufire_ec/ufire_ec.h         |  2 +-
 esphome/components/xxtea/xxtea.cpp             |  4 ++++
 8 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/bl0942/bl0942.cpp b/esphome/components/bl0942/bl0942.cpp
index 16ad33141d..7d38597423 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bl0942/bl0942.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/bl0942/bl0942.cpp
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ void BL0942::received_package_(DataPacket *data) {
   float i_rms = (uint24_t) data->i_rms / current_reference_;
   float watt = (int24_t) data->watt / power_reference_;
   float total_energy_consumption = cf_cnt / energy_reference_;
-  float frequency = 1000000.0f / data->frequency;
+  float frequency = data->frequency != 0 ? 1000000.0f / data->frequency : NAN;
 
   if (voltage_sensor_ != nullptr) {
     voltage_sensor_->publish_state(v_rms);
diff --git a/esphome/components/combination/combination.cpp b/esphome/components/combination/combination.cpp
index ece7cca482..2f0bd26a02 100644
--- a/esphome/components/combination/combination.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/combination/combination.cpp
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ void MeanCombinationComponent::handle_new_value(float value) {
     return;
 
   float sum = 0.0;
-  size_t count = 0.0;
+  size_t count = 0;
 
   for (const auto &sensor : this->sensors_) {
     if (std::isfinite(sensor->state)) {
@@ -172,6 +172,10 @@ void MeanCombinationComponent::handle_new_value(float value) {
     }
   }
 
+  if (count == 0) {
+    this->publish_state(NAN);
+    return;
+  }
   float mean = sum / count;
 
   this->publish_state(mean);
@@ -238,6 +242,11 @@ void RangeCombinationComponent::handle_new_value(float value) {
     }
   }
 
+  if (sensor_states.empty()) {
+    this->publish_state(NAN);
+    return;
+  }
+
   sort(sensor_states.begin(), sensor_states.end());
 
   float range = sensor_states.back() - sensor_states.front();
diff --git a/esphome/components/graph/graph.cpp b/esphome/components/graph/graph.cpp
index c43cd07fe0..801c97e3f5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/graph/graph.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/graph/graph.cpp
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ void Graph::draw(Display *buff, uint16_t x_offset, uint16_t y_offset, Color colo
     bool prev_b = false;
     int16_t prev_y = 0;
     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < this->width_; i++) {
-      float v = (trace->get_tracedata()->get_value(i) - ymin) / yrange;
+      float v = yrange != 0 ? (trace->get_tracedata()->get_value(i) - ymin) / yrange : NAN;
       if (!std::isnan(v) && (thick > 0)) {
         int16_t x = this->width_ - 1 - i + x_offset;
         uint8_t bit = 1 << ((i % (thick * LineType::PATTERN_LENGTH)) / thick);
diff --git a/esphome/components/mics_4514/mics_4514.cpp b/esphome/components/mics_4514/mics_4514.cpp
index 60413b32d7..ce63a7d062 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mics_4514/mics_4514.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mics_4514/mics_4514.cpp
@@ -59,6 +59,12 @@ void MICS4514Component::update() {
     return;
   }
 
+  if (this->red_calibration_ == 0 || this->ox_calibration_ == 0) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Calibration values are zero, retrying");
+    this->status_set_warning();
+    this->initial_ = true;
+    return;
+  }
   float red_f = (float) (power - red) / this->red_calibration_;
   float ox_f = (float) (power - ox) / this->ox_calibration_;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/tsl2561/tsl2561.cpp b/esphome/components/tsl2561/tsl2561.cpp
index cb4c38a83c..bccff1fb26 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tsl2561/tsl2561.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/tsl2561/tsl2561.cpp
@@ -70,6 +70,10 @@ float TSL2561Sensor::calculate_lx_(uint16_t ch0, uint16_t ch1) {
     return NAN;
   }
 
+  if (ch0 == 0) {
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "No light detected");
+    return 0.0f;
+  }
   float d0 = ch0, d1 = ch1;
   float ratio = d1 / d0;
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ufire_ec/ufire_ec.cpp b/esphome/components/ufire_ec/ufire_ec.cpp
index a1c3568a1a..40e3be2757 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ufire_ec/ufire_ec.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ufire_ec/ufire_ec.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "ufire_ec.h"
+#include <cmath>
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace ufire_ec {
@@ -60,9 +61,15 @@ float UFireECComponent::measure_temperature_() { return this->read_data_(REGISTE
 
 float UFireECComponent::measure_ms_() { return this->read_data_(REGISTER_MS); }
 
-void UFireECComponent::set_solution_(float solution, float temperature) {
-  solution /= (1 - (this->temperature_coefficient_ * (temperature - 25)));
+bool UFireECComponent::set_solution_(float solution, float temperature) {
+  float denom = 1 - (this->temperature_coefficient_ * (temperature - 25));
+  if (std::abs(denom) < 1e-6f) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Temperature compensation denominator is zero");
+    return false;
+  }
+  solution /= denom;
   this->write_data_(REGISTER_SOLUTION, solution);
+  return true;
 }
 
 void UFireECComponent::set_compensation_(float temperature) { this->write_data_(REGISTER_COMPENSATION, temperature); }
@@ -72,7 +79,8 @@ void UFireECComponent::set_coefficient_(float coefficient) { this->write_data_(R
 void UFireECComponent::set_temperature_(float temperature) { this->write_data_(REGISTER_TEMP, temperature); }
 
 void UFireECComponent::calibrate_probe(float solution, float temperature) {
-  this->set_solution_(solution, temperature);
+  if (!this->set_solution_(solution, temperature))
+    return;
   this->write_byte(REGISTER_TASK, COMMAND_CALIBRATE_PROBE);
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ufire_ec/ufire_ec.h b/esphome/components/ufire_ec/ufire_ec.h
index bfbed1b43e..8a648b5038 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ufire_ec/ufire_ec.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ufire_ec/ufire_ec.h
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class UFireECComponent : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
  protected:
   float measure_temperature_();
   float measure_ms_();
-  void set_solution_(float solution, float temperature);
+  bool set_solution_(float solution, float temperature);
   void set_compensation_(float temperature);
   void set_coefficient_(float coefficient);
   void set_temperature_(float temperature);
diff --git a/esphome/components/xxtea/xxtea.cpp b/esphome/components/xxtea/xxtea.cpp
index aae663ee01..ba17530b24 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xxtea/xxtea.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/xxtea/xxtea.cpp
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ static const uint32_t DELTA = 0x9e3779b9;
 #define MX ((((z >> 5) ^ (y << 2)) + ((y >> 3) ^ (z << 4))) ^ ((sum ^ y) + (k[(p ^ e) & 7] ^ z)))
 
 void encrypt(uint32_t *v, size_t n, const uint32_t *k) {
+  if (n == 0)
+    return;
   uint32_t z, y, sum, e;
   size_t p;
   size_t q = 6 + 52 / n;
@@ -25,6 +27,8 @@ void encrypt(uint32_t *v, size_t n, const uint32_t *k) {
 }
 
 void decrypt(uint32_t *v, size_t n, const uint32_t *k) {
+  if (n == 0)
+    return;
   uint32_t z, y, sum, e;
   size_t p;
   size_t q = 6 + 52 / n;

From 31f4b4d00d5242979ca83a98acc3b60b0bf0c84b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2026 07:33:08 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 485/609] [multiple] Fix undefined behavior across components
 (#14639)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/e131/e131_packet.cpp       |  3 ++-
 .../components/globals/globals_component.h    |  2 +-
 .../grove_tb6612fng/grove_tb6612fng.cpp       |  3 ++-
 esphome/components/midea/appliance_base.h     |  6 +++--
 esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp        | 12 +++------
 esphome/components/ruuvi_ble/ruuvi_ble.cpp    | 26 +++++++++----------
 .../components/tormatic/tormatic_protocol.h   |  2 +-
 7 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/e131/e131_packet.cpp b/esphome/components/e131/e131_packet.cpp
index b90e6d5c91..600793f5d3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/e131/e131_packet.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/e131/e131_packet.cpp
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#include <cstddef>
 #include <cstring>
 #include "e131.h"
 #ifdef USE_NETWORK
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ union E131RawPacket {
 
 // We need to have at least one `1` value
 // Get the offset of `property_values[1]`
-const size_t E131_MIN_PACKET_SIZE = reinterpret_cast<size_t>(&((E131RawPacket *) nullptr)->property_values[1]);
+const size_t E131_MIN_PACKET_SIZE = offsetof(E131RawPacket, property_values) + sizeof(uint8_t);
 
 bool E131Component::join_igmp_groups_() {
   if (this->listen_method_ != E131_MULTICAST)
diff --git a/esphome/components/globals/globals_component.h b/esphome/components/globals/globals_component.h
index 3db29bea35..520c068e6f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/globals/globals_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/globals/globals_component.h
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ template<typename T, uint8_t SZ> class RestoringGlobalStringComponent : public P
     this->rtc_ = global_preferences->make_preference<uint8_t[SZ]>(1944399030U ^ this->name_hash_);
     bool hasdata = this->rtc_.load(&temp);
     if (hasdata) {
-      this->value_.assign(temp + 1, temp[0]);
+      this->value_.assign(temp + 1, static_cast<uint8_t>(temp[0]));
     }
     this->last_checked_value_.assign(this->value_);
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/grove_tb6612fng/grove_tb6612fng.cpp b/esphome/components/grove_tb6612fng/grove_tb6612fng.cpp
index 428c8ec4a8..c10fa4cf25 100644
--- a/esphome/components/grove_tb6612fng/grove_tb6612fng.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/grove_tb6612fng/grove_tb6612fng.cpp
@@ -139,7 +139,8 @@ void GroveMotorDriveTB6612FNG::stepper_run(StepperModeTypeT mode, int16_t steps,
 }
 
 void GroveMotorDriveTB6612FNG::stepper_stop() {
-  if (this->write_register(GROVE_MOTOR_DRIVER_I2C_CMD_STEPPER_STOP, nullptr, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+  uint8_t status = 0;
+  if (this->write_register(GROVE_MOTOR_DRIVER_I2C_CMD_STEPPER_STOP, &status, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Send stop stepper failed!");
     this->status_set_warning();
     return;
diff --git a/esphome/components/midea/appliance_base.h b/esphome/components/midea/appliance_base.h
index 060cbd996b..660d185b49 100644
--- a/esphome/components/midea/appliance_base.h
+++ b/esphome/components/midea/appliance_base.h
@@ -28,12 +28,14 @@ class UARTStream : public Stream {
   int available() override { return this->uart_->available(); }
   int read() override {
     uint8_t data;
-    this->uart_->read_byte(&data);
+    if (!this->uart_->read_byte(&data))
+      return -1;
     return data;
   }
   int peek() override {
     uint8_t data;
-    this->uart_->peek_byte(&data);
+    if (!this->uart_->peek_byte(&data))
+      return -1;
     return data;
   }
   size_t write(uint8_t data) override {
diff --git a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp
index cb20c34005..7ae4d50fc8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp
@@ -651,11 +651,7 @@ void Nextion::process_nextion_commands_() {
           break;
         }
 
-        int value = 0;
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
-          value += to_process[i] << (8 * i);
-        }
+        int value = static_cast<int>(encode_uint32(to_process[3], to_process[2], to_process[1], to_process[0]));
 
         NextionQueue *nb = this->nextion_queue_.front();
         if (!nb || !nb->component) {
@@ -751,10 +747,8 @@ void Nextion::process_nextion_commands_() {
         index = to_process.find('\0');
         variable_name = to_process.substr(0, index);
         // // Get variable name
-        int value = 0;
-        for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
-          value += to_process[i + index + 1] << (8 * i);
-        }
+        int value = static_cast<int>(
+            encode_uint32(to_process[index + 4], to_process[index + 3], to_process[index + 2], to_process[index + 1]));
 
         ESP_LOGN(TAG, "Sensor: %s=%d", variable_name.c_str(), value);
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ruuvi_ble/ruuvi_ble.cpp b/esphome/components/ruuvi_ble/ruuvi_ble.cpp
index bf088873ce..07f870b60c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ruuvi_ble/ruuvi_ble.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ruuvi_ble/ruuvi_ble.cpp
@@ -21,11 +21,11 @@ bool parse_ruuvi_data_byte(const esp32_ble_tracker::adv_data_t &adv_data, RuuviP
       const float temperature = temp_sign == 0 ? temp_val : -1 * temp_val;
 
       const float humidity = data[0] * 0.5f;
-      const float pressure = (uint16_t(data[3] << 8) + uint16_t(data[4]) + 50000.0f) / 100.0f;
-      const float acceleration_x = (int16_t(data[5] << 8) + int16_t(data[6])) / 1000.0f;
-      const float acceleration_y = (int16_t(data[7] << 8) + int16_t(data[8])) / 1000.0f;
-      const float acceleration_z = (int16_t(data[9] << 8) + int16_t(data[10])) / 1000.0f;
-      const float battery_voltage = (uint16_t(data[11] << 8) + uint16_t(data[12])) / 1000.0f;
+      const float pressure = (encode_uint16(data[3], data[4]) + 50000.0f) / 100.0f;
+      const float acceleration_x = static_cast<int16_t>(encode_uint16(data[5], data[6])) / 1000.0f;
+      const float acceleration_y = static_cast<int16_t>(encode_uint16(data[7], data[8])) / 1000.0f;
+      const float acceleration_z = static_cast<int16_t>(encode_uint16(data[9], data[10])) / 1000.0f;
+      const float battery_voltage = encode_uint16(data[11], data[12]) / 1000.0f;
 
       result.humidity = humidity;
       result.temperature = temperature;
@@ -43,19 +43,19 @@ bool parse_ruuvi_data_byte(const esp32_ble_tracker::adv_data_t &adv_data, RuuviP
       if (adv_data.size() != 24)
         return false;
 
-      const float temperature = (int16_t(data[0] << 8) + int16_t(data[1])) * 0.005f;
-      const float humidity = (uint16_t(data[2] << 8) | uint16_t(data[3])) / 400.0f;
-      const float pressure = ((uint16_t(data[4] << 8) | uint16_t(data[5])) + 50000.0f) / 100.0f;
-      const float acceleration_x = (int16_t(data[6] << 8) + int16_t(data[7])) / 1000.0f;
-      const float acceleration_y = (int16_t(data[8] << 8) + int16_t(data[9])) / 1000.0f;
-      const float acceleration_z = (int16_t(data[10] << 8) + int16_t(data[11])) / 1000.0f;
+      const float temperature = static_cast<int16_t>(encode_uint16(data[0], data[1])) * 0.005f;
+      const float humidity = encode_uint16(data[2], data[3]) / 400.0f;
+      const float pressure = (encode_uint16(data[4], data[5]) + 50000.0f) / 100.0f;
+      const float acceleration_x = static_cast<int16_t>(encode_uint16(data[6], data[7])) / 1000.0f;
+      const float acceleration_y = static_cast<int16_t>(encode_uint16(data[8], data[9])) / 1000.0f;
+      const float acceleration_z = static_cast<int16_t>(encode_uint16(data[10], data[11])) / 1000.0f;
 
-      const uint16_t power_info = (uint16_t(data[12] << 8) | data[13]);
+      const uint16_t power_info = encode_uint16(data[12], data[13]);
       const float battery_voltage = ((power_info >> 5) + 1600.0f) / 1000.0f;
       const float tx_power = ((power_info & 0x1F) * 2.0f) - 40.0f;
 
       const float movement_counter = float(data[14]);
-      const float measurement_sequence_number = float(uint16_t(data[15] << 8) | uint16_t(data[16]));
+      const float measurement_sequence_number = float(encode_uint16(data[15], data[16]));
 
       result.temperature = data[0] == 0x7F && data[1] == 0xFF ? NAN : temperature;
       result.humidity = data[2] == 0xFF && data[3] == 0xFF ? NAN : humidity;
diff --git a/esphome/components/tormatic/tormatic_protocol.h b/esphome/components/tormatic/tormatic_protocol.h
index 057713b884..26a634b630 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tormatic/tormatic_protocol.h
+++ b/esphome/components/tormatic/tormatic_protocol.h
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ struct MessageHeader {
 
   // payload_size returns the amount of payload bytes to be read from the uart
   // buffer after reading the header.
-  uint32_t payload_size() { return this->len - sizeof(this->type); }
+  uint32_t payload_size() { return this->len > sizeof(this->type) ? this->len - sizeof(this->type) : 0; }
 } __attribute__((packed));
 
 // StatusType denotes which 'page' of information needs to be retrieved.

From 019db745828289f5d105475a816f6dc1cabd814d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2026 20:44:27 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 486/609] Bump setuptools from 82.0.0 to 82.0.1 (#14665)

Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 pyproject.toml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index c6a2c22a5d..2e3a247768 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [build-system]
-requires = ["setuptools==82.0.0", "wheel>=0.43,<0.47"]
+requires = ["setuptools==82.0.1", "wheel>=0.43,<0.47"]
 build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 
 [project]

From a379e5a6357340a696d9cbc67a8ad48a0bad0924 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2026 17:16:29 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 487/609] [runtime_image][st7701s] Fix BMP decoder and LCD init
 bugs (#14663)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .../components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.cpp   | 18 +++++++++++++++---
 esphome/components/st7701s/st7701s.cpp         |  6 ++++--
 2 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.cpp b/esphome/components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.cpp
index 1a56484c60..7003f4da2f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.cpp
@@ -63,7 +63,8 @@ int HOT BmpDecoder::decode(uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) {
 
     switch (this->bits_per_pixel_) {
       case 1:
-        this->width_bytes_ = (this->width_ % 8 == 0) ? (this->width_ / 8) : (this->width_ / 8 + 1);
+        this->width_bytes_ = (this->width_ + 7) / 8;
+        this->padding_bytes_ = (4 - (this->width_bytes_ % 4)) % 4;
         break;
       case 24:
         this->width_bytes_ = this->width_ * 3;
@@ -92,15 +93,26 @@ int HOT BmpDecoder::decode(uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) {
     case 1: {
       while (index < size) {
         uint8_t current_byte = buffer[index];
+        bool end_of_row = false;
         for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-          size_t x = (this->paint_index_ % static_cast<size_t>(this->width_)) + i;
+          size_t x = this->paint_index_ % static_cast<size_t>(this->width_);
           size_t y = static_cast<size_t>(this->height_ - 1) - (this->paint_index_ / static_cast<size_t>(this->width_));
           Color c = (current_byte & (1 << (7 - i))) ? display::COLOR_ON : display::COLOR_OFF;
           this->draw(x, y, 1, 1, c);
+          this->paint_index_++;
+          // End of pixel row: skip remaining bits in this byte
+          if (x + 1 >= static_cast<size_t>(this->width_)) {
+            end_of_row = true;
+            break;
+          }
         }
-        this->paint_index_ += 8;
         this->current_index_++;
         index++;
+        // End of pixel row: skip row padding bytes (4-byte alignment)
+        if (end_of_row && this->padding_bytes_ > 0) {
+          index += this->padding_bytes_;
+          this->current_index_ += this->padding_bytes_;
+        }
       }
       break;
     }
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7701s/st7701s.cpp b/esphome/components/st7701s/st7701s.cpp
index 221fe39b9d..ecce4eb4b2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/st7701s/st7701s.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/st7701s/st7701s.cpp
@@ -36,11 +36,13 @@ void ST7701S::setup() {
   config.de_gpio_num = this->de_pin_->get_pin();
   config.pclk_gpio_num = this->pclk_pin_->get_pin();
   esp_err_t err = esp_lcd_new_rgb_panel(&config, &this->handle_);
-  ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_lcd_panel_reset(this->handle_));
-  ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_lcd_panel_init(this->handle_));
   if (err != ESP_OK) {
     esph_log_e(TAG, "lcd_new_rgb_panel failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
   }
+  ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_lcd_panel_reset(this->handle_));
+  ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_lcd_panel_init(this->handle_));
 }
 
 void ST7701S::loop() {

From 75f55adbfa0cd1a75c9e33a16cc6a95d7195c50c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2026 17:17:31 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 488/609] [api][at581x][vl53l0x] Fix bounds check issues in 3
 components (#14660)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp | 2 ++
 esphome/components/at581x/at581x.cpp              | 5 +++++
 esphome/components/vl53l0x/vl53l0x_sensor.cpp     | 4 ++--
 esphome/components/vl53l0x/vl53l0x_sensor.h       | 3 +--
 4 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp
index 62523fb835..256357ce6a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp
@@ -375,6 +375,7 @@ void APINoiseFrameHelper::send_explicit_handshake_reject_(const LogString *reaso
 #ifdef USE_STORE_LOG_STR_IN_FLASH
   // On ESP8266 with flash strings, we need to use PROGMEM-aware functions
   size_t reason_len = strlen_P(reinterpret_cast<PGM_P>(reason));
+  reason_len = std::min(reason_len, sizeof(data) - 1);
   if (reason_len > 0) {
     memcpy_P(data + 1, reinterpret_cast<PGM_P>(reason), reason_len);
   }
@@ -382,6 +383,7 @@ void APINoiseFrameHelper::send_explicit_handshake_reject_(const LogString *reaso
   // Normal memory access
   const char *reason_str = LOG_STR_ARG(reason);
   size_t reason_len = strlen(reason_str);
+  reason_len = std::min(reason_len, sizeof(data) - 1);
   if (reason_len > 0) {
     // NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-not-null-terminated-result) - binary protocol, not a C string
     std::memcpy(data + 1, reason_str, reason_len);
diff --git a/esphome/components/at581x/at581x.cpp b/esphome/components/at581x/at581x.cpp
index 728fbe20c6..6fc85b0790 100644
--- a/esphome/components/at581x/at581x.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/at581x/at581x.cpp
@@ -135,6 +135,11 @@ bool AT581XComponent::i2c_write_config() {
   }
 
   // Set gain
+  if (this->gain_ < 0 || static_cast<size_t>(this->gain_) >= ARRAY_SIZE(GAIN5C_TABLE) ||
+      static_cast<size_t>(this->gain_ >> 1) >= ARRAY_SIZE(GAIN63_TABLE)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "AT581X gain index out of range: %d", this->gain_);
+    return false;
+  }
   if (!this->i2c_write_reg(GAIN_ADDR_TABLE[0], GAIN5C_TABLE[this->gain_]) ||
       !this->i2c_write_reg(GAIN_ADDR_TABLE[1], GAIN63_TABLE[this->gain_ >> 1])) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to write AT581X gain registers");
diff --git a/esphome/components/vl53l0x/vl53l0x_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/vl53l0x/vl53l0x_sensor.cpp
index e833657fc4..0b2b40d723 100644
--- a/esphome/components/vl53l0x/vl53l0x_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/vl53l0x/vl53l0x_sensor.cpp
@@ -87,9 +87,9 @@ void VL53L0XSensor::setup() {
   reg(0x94) = 0x6B;
   reg(0x83) = 0x00;
 
-  this->timeout_start_us_ = micros();
+  uint32_t timeout_start_us = micros();
   while (reg(0x83).get() == 0x00) {
-    if (this->timeout_us_ > 0 && ((uint16_t) (micros() - this->timeout_start_us_) > this->timeout_us_)) {
+    if (this->timeout_us_ > 0 && (micros() - timeout_start_us > this->timeout_us_)) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "'%s' - setup timeout", this->name_.c_str());
       this->mark_failed();
       return;
diff --git a/esphome/components/vl53l0x/vl53l0x_sensor.h b/esphome/components/vl53l0x/vl53l0x_sensor.h
index 2bf90015fe..f533005b5b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/vl53l0x/vl53l0x_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/vl53l0x/vl53l0x_sensor.h
@@ -64,8 +64,7 @@ class VL53L0XSensor : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent, public i2c
   bool waiting_for_interrupt_{false};
   uint8_t stop_variable_;
 
-  uint16_t timeout_start_us_;
-  uint16_t timeout_us_{};
+  uint32_t timeout_us_{};
 
   static std::list<VL53L0XSensor *> vl53_sensors;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
   static bool enable_pin_setup_complete;           // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)

From b721cd48e5d8d41ad12eedf9e4ec941483cd99c3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2026 17:18:07 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 489/609] [hmc5883l][mmc5603][honeywellabp2][xgzp68xx][max9611]
 Fix uninitialized members (#14659)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/hmc5883l/hmc5883l.h               | 2 +-
 esphome/components/honeywellabp2_i2c/honeywellabp2.h | 4 ++--
 esphome/components/max9611/sensor.py                 | 4 +++-
 esphome/components/mmc5603/mmc5603.h                 | 4 ++--
 esphome/components/xgzp68xx/sensor.py                | 2 +-
 5 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/hmc5883l/hmc5883l.h b/esphome/components/hmc5883l/hmc5883l.h
index 8eae0f7a50..b5cf93e62b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hmc5883l/hmc5883l.h
+++ b/esphome/components/hmc5883l/hmc5883l.h
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class HMC5883LComponent : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
     NONE = 0,
     COMMUNICATION_FAILED,
     ID_REGISTERS,
-  } error_code_;
+  } error_code_{NONE};
   HighFrequencyLoopRequester high_freq_;
 };
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/honeywellabp2_i2c/honeywellabp2.h b/esphome/components/honeywellabp2_i2c/honeywellabp2.h
index 274de847ac..d29ebb855d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/honeywellabp2_i2c/honeywellabp2.h
+++ b/esphome/components/honeywellabp2_i2c/honeywellabp2.h
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ class HONEYWELLABP2Sensor : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
   const float max_count_b_ = 11744051.2;  // (70% of 2^24 counts or 0xB33333)
   const float min_count_b_ = 5033164.8;   // (30% of 2^24 counts or 0x4CCCCC)
 
-  float max_count_;
-  float min_count_;
+  float max_count_{max_count_a_};
+  float min_count_{min_count_a_};
   bool measurement_running_ = false;
 
   uint8_t raw_data_[7];                      // holds output data
diff --git a/esphome/components/max9611/sensor.py b/esphome/components/max9611/sensor.py
index 8405a3f75a..b3a73d8c10 100644
--- a/esphome/components/max9611/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/max9611/sensor.py
@@ -35,7 +35,9 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(MAX9611Component),
-            cv.Required(CONF_SHUNT_RESISTANCE): cv.resistance,
+            cv.Required(CONF_SHUNT_RESISTANCE): cv.All(
+                cv.resistance, cv.Range(min=1e-6)
+            ),
             cv.Required(CONF_GAIN): cv.enum(MAX9611_GAIN, upper=True),
             cv.Optional(CONF_VOLTAGE): sensor.sensor_schema(
                 unit_of_measurement=UNIT_VOLT,
diff --git a/esphome/components/mmc5603/mmc5603.h b/esphome/components/mmc5603/mmc5603.h
index f827e27e04..9a77b78bc1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mmc5603/mmc5603.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mmc5603/mmc5603.h
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class MMC5603Component : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
   void set_auto_set_reset(bool auto_set_reset) { auto_set_reset_ = auto_set_reset; }
 
  protected:
-  MMC5603Datarate datarate_;
+  MMC5603Datarate datarate_{MMC5603_DATARATE_75_0_HZ};
   sensor::Sensor *x_sensor_{nullptr};
   sensor::Sensor *y_sensor_{nullptr};
   sensor::Sensor *z_sensor_{nullptr};
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class MMC5603Component : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
     NONE = 0,
     COMMUNICATION_FAILED,
     ID_REGISTERS,
-  } error_code_;
+  } error_code_{NONE};
 };
 
 }  // namespace mmc5603
diff --git a/esphome/components/xgzp68xx/sensor.py b/esphome/components/xgzp68xx/sensor.py
index 2b38392a02..6b83012eb4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/xgzp68xx/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/xgzp68xx/sensor.py
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
                 device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
                 state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
             ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_K_VALUE, default=4096): cv.uint16_t,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_K_VALUE, default=4096): cv.int_range(min=1, max=65535),
         }
     )
     .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))

From 08a0608a48965edfd7ef11301d2e38faefe2f5ab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2026 17:18:21 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 490/609] [wifi][captive_portal][heatpumpir][es8388] Fix wrong
 behavior in 4 components (#14657)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .../captive_portal/dns_server_esp32_idf.cpp   |  5 +++--
 esphome/components/es8388/es8388.cpp          |  4 ++--
 esphome/components/heatpumpir/heatpumpir.cpp  |  2 +-
 .../wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp           | 20 ++++---------------
 4 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/captive_portal/dns_server_esp32_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/captive_portal/dns_server_esp32_idf.cpp
index bd9989a40c..7b75f04241 100644
--- a/esphome/components/captive_portal/dns_server_esp32_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/captive_portal/dns_server_esp32_idf.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ static const char *const TAG = "captive_portal.dns";
 // DNS constants
 static constexpr uint16_t DNS_PORT = 53;
 static constexpr uint16_t DNS_QR_FLAG = 1 << 15;
+static constexpr uint16_t DNS_AA_FLAG = 1 << 10;
 static constexpr uint16_t DNS_OPCODE_MASK = 0x7800;
 static constexpr uint16_t DNS_QTYPE_A = 0x0001;
 static constexpr uint16_t DNS_QCLASS_IN = 0x0001;
@@ -162,8 +163,8 @@ void DNSServer::process_next_request() {
   }
 
   // Build DNS response by modifying the request in-place
-  header->flags = htons(DNS_QR_FLAG | 0x8000);  // Response + Authoritative
-  header->an_count = htons(1);                  // One answer
+  header->flags = htons(DNS_QR_FLAG | DNS_AA_FLAG);  // Response + Authoritative
+  header->an_count = htons(1);                       // One answer
 
   // Add answer section after the question
   size_t question_len = (ptr + sizeof(DNSQuestion)) - this->buffer_ - sizeof(DNSHeader);
diff --git a/esphome/components/es8388/es8388.cpp b/esphome/components/es8388/es8388.cpp
index 72026a2a84..c252cdb707 100644
--- a/esphome/components/es8388/es8388.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/es8388/es8388.cpp
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ void ES8388::dump_config() {
 
 bool ES8388::set_volume(float volume) {
   volume = clamp(volume, 0.0f, 1.0f);
-  uint8_t value = remap<uint8_t, float>(volume, 0.0f, 1.0f, -96, 0);
+  uint8_t value = remap<uint8_t, float>(volume, 0.0f, 1.0f, 192, 0);
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Setting ES8388_DACCONTROL4 / ES8388_DACCONTROL5 to 0x%02X (volume: %f)", value, volume);
   ES8388_ERROR_CHECK(this->write_byte(ES8388_DACCONTROL4, value));
   ES8388_ERROR_CHECK(this->write_byte(ES8388_DACCONTROL5, value));
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ bool ES8388::set_volume(float volume) {
 float ES8388::volume() {
   uint8_t value;
   ES8388_ERROR_CHECK(this->read_byte(ES8388_DACCONTROL4, &value));
-  return remap<float, uint8_t>(value, -96, 0, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+  return remap<float, uint8_t>(value, 192, 0, 0.0f, 1.0f);
 }
 
 bool ES8388::set_mute_state_(bool mute_state) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/heatpumpir/heatpumpir.cpp b/esphome/components/heatpumpir/heatpumpir.cpp
index 6b73a24dc4..11e7672dc1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/heatpumpir/heatpumpir.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/heatpumpir/heatpumpir.cpp
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ void HeatpumpIRClimate::setup() {
       this->current_temperature = state;
 
       IRSenderESPHome esp_sender(this->transmitter_);
-      this->heatpump_ir_->send(esp_sender, uint8_t(lround(this->current_temperature + 0.5)));
+      this->heatpump_ir_->send(esp_sender, uint8_t(lround(this->current_temperature)));
 
       // current temperature changed, publish state
       this->publish_state();
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
index a9b26c5935..0bf7934878 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
@@ -638,8 +638,6 @@ WiFiSTAConnectStatus WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_connect_status_() const {
   return WiFiSTAConnectStatus::IDLE;
 }
 bool WiFiComponent::wifi_scan_start_(bool passive) {
-  static bool first_scan = false;
-
   // enable STA
   if (!this->wifi_mode_(true, {}))
     return false;
@@ -656,23 +654,13 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_scan_start_(bool passive) {
   config.show_hidden = 1;
 #if USE_ARDUINO_VERSION_CODE >= VERSION_CODE(2, 4, 0)
   config.scan_type = passive ? WIFI_SCAN_TYPE_PASSIVE : WIFI_SCAN_TYPE_ACTIVE;
-  if (first_scan) {
-    if (passive) {
-      config.scan_time.passive = 200;
-    } else {
-      config.scan_time.active.min = 100;
-      config.scan_time.active.max = 200;
-    }
+  if (passive) {
+    config.scan_time.passive = 500;
   } else {
-    if (passive) {
-      config.scan_time.passive = 500;
-    } else {
-      config.scan_time.active.min = 400;
-      config.scan_time.active.max = 500;
-    }
+    config.scan_time.active.min = 400;
+    config.scan_time.active.max = 500;
   }
 #endif
-  first_scan = false;
   bool ret = wifi_station_scan(&config, &WiFiComponent::s_wifi_scan_done_callback);
   if (!ret) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "wifi_station_scan failed");

From 9418f35cc32e0a6216b09b813664aa40bcc3e216 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2026 17:18:44 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 491/609] [multiple] Remove unnecessary heap allocations in 4
 components (#14656)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/daikin_arc/daikin_arc.cpp | 9 +++++----
 esphome/components/pn7150_i2c/pn7150_i2c.cpp | 3 ++-
 esphome/components/pn7160_i2c/pn7160_i2c.cpp | 3 ++-
 esphome/components/toshiba/toshiba.cpp       | 6 +++---
 4 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/daikin_arc/daikin_arc.cpp b/esphome/components/daikin_arc/daikin_arc.cpp
index c45fa307a7..adb7b9fec7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/daikin_arc/daikin_arc.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/daikin_arc/daikin_arc.cpp
@@ -350,8 +350,9 @@ bool DaikinArcClimate::on_receive(remote_base::RemoteReceiveData data) {
   if (data.expect_item(DAIKIN_HEADER_MARK, DAIKIN_HEADER_SPACE)) {
     valid_daikin_frame = true;
     size_t bytes_count = data.size() / 2 / 8;
-    size_t buf_size = bytes_count * 3 + 1;
-    std::unique_ptr<char[]> buf(new char[buf_size]());  // value-initialize (zero-fill)
+    // Header (20) + state (19) = 39 bytes max; truncates gracefully via buf_append_printf
+    char buf[40 * 3 + 1] = {};
+    constexpr size_t buf_size = sizeof(buf);
     size_t buf_pos = 0;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < bytes_count; i++) {
       uint8_t byte = 0;
@@ -363,9 +364,9 @@ bool DaikinArcClimate::on_receive(remote_base::RemoteReceiveData data) {
           break;
         }
       }
-      buf_pos = buf_append_printf(buf.get(), buf_size, buf_pos, "%02x ", byte);
+      buf_pos = buf_append_printf(buf, buf_size, buf_pos, "%02x ", byte);
     }
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "WHOLE FRAME %s  size: %d", buf.get(), data.size());
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "WHOLE FRAME %s  size: %d", buf, data.size());
   }
   if (!valid_daikin_frame) {
     char sbuf[16 * 10 + 1] = {0};
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn7150_i2c/pn7150_i2c.cpp b/esphome/components/pn7150_i2c/pn7150_i2c.cpp
index 38b3102b37..4ae884595b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn7150_i2c/pn7150_i2c.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pn7150_i2c/pn7150_i2c.cpp
@@ -34,7 +34,8 @@ uint8_t PN7150I2C::read_nfcc(nfc::NciMessage &rx, const uint16_t timeout) {
 }
 
 uint8_t PN7150I2C::write_nfcc(nfc::NciMessage &tx) {
-  if (this->write(tx.encode().data(), tx.encode().size()) == i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+  auto encoded = tx.encode();
+  if (this->write(encoded.data(), encoded.size()) == i2c::ERROR_OK) {
     return nfc::STATUS_OK;
   }
   return nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn7160_i2c/pn7160_i2c.cpp b/esphome/components/pn7160_i2c/pn7160_i2c.cpp
index 7c6da9dd06..e33c6c793d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn7160_i2c/pn7160_i2c.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pn7160_i2c/pn7160_i2c.cpp
@@ -34,7 +34,8 @@ uint8_t PN7160I2C::read_nfcc(nfc::NciMessage &rx, const uint16_t timeout) {
 }
 
 uint8_t PN7160I2C::write_nfcc(nfc::NciMessage &tx) {
-  if (this->write(tx.encode().data(), tx.encode().size()) == i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+  auto encoded = tx.encode();
+  if (this->write(encoded.data(), encoded.size()) == i2c::ERROR_OK) {
     return nfc::STATUS_OK;
   }
   return nfc::STATUS_FAILED;
diff --git a/esphome/components/toshiba/toshiba.cpp b/esphome/components/toshiba/toshiba.cpp
index e0c150537a..53114cc50f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/toshiba/toshiba.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/toshiba/toshiba.cpp
@@ -951,10 +951,10 @@ void ToshibaClimate::transmit_ras_2819t_() {
 }
 
 uint8_t ToshibaClimate::is_valid_rac_pt1411hwru_header_(const uint8_t *message) {
-  const std::vector<uint8_t> header{RAC_PT1411HWRU_MESSAGE_HEADER0, RAC_PT1411HWRU_CS_HEADER,
-                                    RAC_PT1411HWRU_SWING_HEADER};
+  static constexpr uint8_t HEADERS[] = {RAC_PT1411HWRU_MESSAGE_HEADER0, RAC_PT1411HWRU_CS_HEADER,
+                                        RAC_PT1411HWRU_SWING_HEADER};
 
-  for (auto i : header) {
+  for (auto i : HEADERS) {
     if ((message[0] == i) && (message[1] == static_cast<uint8_t>(~i)))
       return i;
   }

From fecedeb01833d01cbc26ad331597a554e7904086 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2026 17:20:09 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 492/609] [multiple] Fix crashes from malformed external input
 (batch 2) (#14651)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .../esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.cpp   |  5 ++++
 .../modbus_controller/modbus_controller.cpp   | 23 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../nextion/nextion_upload_arduino.cpp        |  6 +++++
 .../nextion/nextion_upload_esp32.cpp          |  6 +++++
 .../seeed_mr60bha2/seeed_mr60bha2.cpp         |  2 +-
 .../components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp   |  5 ++++
 6 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.cpp
index 73a298d279..0e2a515b40 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.cpp
@@ -514,6 +514,11 @@ void ESPBTDevice::parse_adv_(const uint8_t *payload, uint8_t len) {
       continue;  // Possible zero padded advertisement data
     }
 
+    // Validate field fits in remaining payload
+    if (offset + field_length > len) {
+      break;
+    }
+
     // first byte of adv record is adv record type
     const uint8_t record_type = payload[offset++];
     const uint8_t *record = &payload[offset];
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/modbus_controller.cpp b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/modbus_controller.cpp
index 7f0eb230e0..f77f51a20d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus_controller/modbus_controller.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus_controller/modbus_controller.cpp
@@ -59,6 +59,10 @@ bool ModbusController::send_next_command_() {
 
 // Queue incoming response
 void ModbusController::on_modbus_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
+  if (this->command_queue_.empty()) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Received modbus data but command queue is empty");
+    return;
+  }
   auto &current_command = this->command_queue_.front();
   if (current_command != nullptr) {
     if (this->module_offline_) {
@@ -92,6 +96,9 @@ void ModbusController::process_modbus_data_(const ModbusCommandItem *response) {
 
 void ModbusController::on_modbus_error(uint8_t function_code, uint8_t exception_code) {
   ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Modbus error function code: 0x%X exception: %d ", function_code, exception_code);
+  if (this->command_queue_.empty()) {
+    return;
+  }
   // Remove pending command waiting for a response
   auto &current_command = this->command_queue_.front();
   if (current_command != nullptr) {
@@ -175,6 +182,11 @@ void ModbusController::on_modbus_write_registers(uint8_t function_code, const st
   uint16_t payload_offset;
 
   if (function_code == ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_MULTIPLE_REGISTERS) {
+    if (data.size() < 5) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Write multiple registers data too short (%zu bytes)", data.size());
+      this->send_error(function_code, ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE);
+      return;
+    }
     number_of_registers = uint16_t(data[3]) | (uint16_t(data[2]) << 8);
     if (number_of_registers == 0 || number_of_registers > modbus::MAX_NUM_OF_REGISTERS_TO_WRITE) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid number of registers %d. Sending exception response.", number_of_registers);
@@ -188,8 +200,19 @@ void ModbusController::on_modbus_write_registers(uint8_t function_code, const st
       this->send_error(function_code, ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE);
       return;
     }
+    if (data.size() < 5 + payload_size) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Write multiple registers payload truncated (%zu bytes, expected %u)", data.size(),
+               5 + payload_size);
+      this->send_error(function_code, ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE);
+      return;
+    }
     payload_offset = 5;
   } else if (function_code == ModbusFunctionCode::WRITE_SINGLE_REGISTER) {
+    if (data.size() < 4) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Write single register data too short (%zu bytes)", data.size());
+      this->send_error(function_code, ModbusExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_DATA_VALUE);
+      return;
+    }
     number_of_registers = 1;
     payload_offset = 2;
   } else {
diff --git a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_arduino.cpp b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_arduino.cpp
index e03f1f470b..6c454ab745 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_arduino.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_arduino.cpp
@@ -86,6 +86,12 @@ int Nextion::upload_by_chunks_(HTTPClient &http_client, uint32_t &range_start) {
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Upload: %0.2f%% (%" PRIu32 " left, heap: %" PRIu32 ")", upload_percentage, this->content_length_,
                EspClass::getFreeHeap());
       upload_first_chunk_sent_ = true;
+      if (recv_string.empty()) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "No response from display during upload");
+        allocator.deallocate(buffer, 4096);
+        buffer = nullptr;
+        return -1;
+      }
       if (recv_string[0] == 0x08 && recv_string.size() == 5) {  // handle partial upload request
         char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(NEXTION_MAX_RESPONSE_LOG_BYTES)];
         ESP_LOGD(
diff --git a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_esp32.cpp
index 1014c728a8..166bbcc86a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_esp32.cpp
@@ -108,6 +108,12 @@ int Nextion::upload_by_chunks_(esp_http_client_handle_t http_client, uint32_t &r
                static_cast<uint32_t>(esp_get_free_heap_size()));
 #endif
       upload_first_chunk_sent_ = true;
+      if (recv_string.empty()) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "No response from display during upload");
+        allocator.deallocate(buffer, 4096);
+        buffer = nullptr;
+        return -1;
+      }
       if (recv_string[0] == 0x08 && recv_string.size() == 5) {  // handle partial upload request
         char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(NEXTION_MAX_RESPONSE_LOG_BYTES)];
         ESP_LOGD(
diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/seeed_mr60bha2.cpp b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/seeed_mr60bha2.cpp
index 8628faac5a..1b5eaf6367 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/seeed_mr60bha2.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr60bha2/seeed_mr60bha2.cpp
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ void MR60BHA2Component::process_frame_(uint16_t frame_id, uint16_t frame_type, c
       }
       break;
     case DISTANCE_TYPE_BUFFER:
-      if (data[0] != 0) {
+      if (length >= 1 && data[0] != 0) {
         if (this->distance_sensor_ != nullptr && length >= 8) {
           uint32_t current_distance_int = encode_uint32(data[7], data[6], data[5], data[4]);
           float distance_float;
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp
index c77d738ace..2a460d1a07 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp
@@ -492,6 +492,11 @@ bool USBClient::transfer_in(uint8_t ep_address, const transfer_cb_t &callback, u
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Too many requests queued");
     return false;
   }
+  if (length > trq->transfer->data_buffer_size) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "transfer_in: data length %u exceeds buffer size %u", length, trq->transfer->data_buffer_size);
+    this->release_trq(trq);
+    return false;
+  }
   trq->callback = callback;
   trq->transfer->callback = transfer_callback;
   trq->transfer->bEndpointAddress = ep_address | USB_DIR_IN;

From 7c1b9f0cb4b7862764ace94d4ccb2119b1024419 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2026 17:22:06 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 493/609] [multiple] Fix wrong behavior in 5 components
 (#14647)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/anova/anova.cpp                       | 9 ++++++---
 esphome/components/binary_sensor/filter.cpp              | 1 -
 esphome/components/bl0906/bl0906.cpp                     | 8 +++-----
 .../components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.cpp   | 2 +-
 esphome/components/ledc/ledc_output.cpp                  | 3 +++
 5 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/anova/anova.cpp b/esphome/components/anova/anova.cpp
index b625f92115..f21230b075 100644
--- a/esphome/components/anova/anova.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/anova/anova.cpp
@@ -144,9 +144,12 @@ void Anova::update() {
     return;
 
   if (this->current_request_ < 2) {
-    auto *pkt = this->codec_->get_read_device_status_request();
-    if (this->current_request_ == 0)
-      this->codec_->get_set_unit_request(this->fahrenheit_ ? 'f' : 'c');
+    AnovaPacket *pkt;
+    if (this->current_request_ == 0) {
+      pkt = this->codec_->get_set_unit_request(this->fahrenheit_ ? 'f' : 'c');
+    } else {
+      pkt = this->codec_->get_read_device_status_request();
+    }
     auto status =
         esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->parent_->get_gattc_if(), this->parent_->get_conn_id(), this->char_handle_,
                                  pkt->length, pkt->data, ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
diff --git a/esphome/components/binary_sensor/filter.cpp b/esphome/components/binary_sensor/filter.cpp
index 25a69c413a..5d525e967d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/binary_sensor/filter.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/binary_sensor/filter.cpp
@@ -136,7 +136,6 @@ optional<bool> SettleFilter::new_value(bool value) {
     return {};
   } else {
     this->steady_ = false;
-    this->output(value);
     this->set_timeout(FILTER_TIMEOUT_ID, this->delay_.value(), [this]() { this->steady_ = true; });
     return value;
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/bl0906/bl0906.cpp b/esphome/components/bl0906/bl0906.cpp
index 7b643bba98..dcae4a2591 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bl0906/bl0906.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/bl0906/bl0906.cpp
@@ -190,11 +190,9 @@ void BL0906::bias_correction_(uint8_t address, float measurements, float correct
   float i_rms0 = measurements * ki;
   float i_rms = correction * ki;
   int32_t value = (i_rms * i_rms - i_rms0 * i_rms0) / 256;
-  data.l = value << 24 >> 24;
-  data.m = value << 16 >> 24;
-  if (value < 0) {
-    data.h = (value << 8 >> 24) | 0b10000000;
-  }
+  data.l = value & 0xFF;
+  data.m = (value >> 8) & 0xFF;
+  data.h = (value >> 16) & 0xFF;
   data.address = bl0906_checksum(address, &data);
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "RMSOS:%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X", BL0906_WRITE_COMMAND, address, data.l, data.m, data.h, data.address);
   this->write_byte(BL0906_WRITE_COMMAND);
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.cpp
index 0e2a515b40..5a43cf7e49 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.cpp
@@ -549,7 +549,7 @@ void ESPBTDevice::parse_adv_(const uint8_t *payload, uint8_t len) {
         // CSS 1.5 TX POWER LEVEL
         // "The TX Power Level data type indicates the transmitted power level of the packet containing the data type."
         // CSS 1: Optional in this context (may appear more than once in a block).
-        this->tx_powers_.push_back(*payload);
+        this->tx_powers_.push_back(*record);
         break;
       }
       case ESP_BLE_AD_TYPE_APPEARANCE: {
diff --git a/esphome/components/ledc/ledc_output.cpp b/esphome/components/ledc/ledc_output.cpp
index 21e0682257..763de851da 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ledc/ledc_output.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ledc/ledc_output.cpp
@@ -76,6 +76,9 @@ esp_err_t configure_timer_frequency(ledc_mode_t speed_mode, ledc_timer_t timer_n
     init_result = ledc_timer_config(&timer_conf);
     if (init_result != ESP_OK) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unable to initialize timer with frequency %.1f and bit depth of %u", frequency, bit_depth);
+      if (bit_depth <= 1) {
+        break;
+      }
       // try again with a lower bit depth
       timer_conf.duty_resolution = static_cast<ledc_timer_bit_t>(--bit_depth);
     }

From 9902447834e8b997bf8831b569484f0c164c8f33 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2026 17:51:50 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 494/609] [multiple] Fix minor bugs in 8 components (#14650)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/bl0906/bl0906.cpp          | 35 ++++++++++---------
 esphome/components/bmi160/bmi160.cpp          |  3 +-
 .../components/esp32_camera/esp32_camera.cpp  |  7 ++++
 esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp          |  2 +-
 esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h            |  2 +-
 .../light/addressable_light_effect.h          |  2 ++
 .../mopeka_std_check/mopeka_std_check.cpp     | 18 +++++-----
 .../mopeka_std_check/mopeka_std_check.h       |  2 +-
 esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.cpp            | 13 ++++---
 9 files changed, 49 insertions(+), 35 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/bl0906/bl0906.cpp b/esphome/components/bl0906/bl0906.cpp
index dcae4a2591..70db235a37 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bl0906/bl0906.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/bl0906/bl0906.cpp
@@ -138,23 +138,24 @@ void BL0906::read_data_(const uint8_t address, const float reference, sensor::Se
 
   this->write_byte(BL0906_READ_COMMAND);
   this->write_byte(address);
-  if (this->read_array((uint8_t *) &buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1)) {
-    if (bl0906_checksum(address, &buffer) == buffer.checksum) {
-      if (signed_result) {
-        data_s24.l = buffer.l;
-        data_s24.m = buffer.m;
-        data_s24.h = buffer.h;
-      } else {
-        data_u24.l = buffer.l;
-        data_u24.m = buffer.m;
-        data_u24.h = buffer.h;
-      }
-    } else {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Junk on wire. Throwing away partial message");
-      while (read() >= 0)
-        ;
-      return;
-    }
+  if (!this->read_array((uint8_t *) &buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1)) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Read failed");
+    return;
+  }
+  if (bl0906_checksum(address, &buffer) != buffer.checksum) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Junk on wire. Throwing away partial message");
+    while (read() >= 0)
+      ;
+    return;
+  }
+  if (signed_result) {
+    data_s24.l = buffer.l;
+    data_s24.m = buffer.m;
+    data_s24.h = buffer.h;
+  } else {
+    data_u24.l = buffer.l;
+    data_u24.m = buffer.m;
+    data_u24.h = buffer.h;
   }
   // Power
   if (reference == BL0906_PREF) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/bmi160/bmi160.cpp b/esphome/components/bmi160/bmi160.cpp
index 1e8c91d7b7..ed92979d24 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bmi160/bmi160.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/bmi160/bmi160.cpp
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ namespace esphome {
 namespace bmi160 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "bmi160";
+static constexpr uint32_t GYRO_WAKEUP_TIMEOUT_MS = 100;
 
 const uint8_t BMI160_REGISTER_CHIPID = 0x00;
 
@@ -144,7 +145,7 @@ void BMI160Component::internal_setup_(int stage) {
       }
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "  Waiting for gyroscope to wake up");
       // wait between 51 & 81ms, doing 100 to be safe
-      this->set_timeout(10, [this]() { this->internal_setup_(2); });
+      this->set_timeout(GYRO_WAKEUP_TIMEOUT_MS, [this]() { this->internal_setup_(2); });
       break;
 
     case 2:
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_camera/esp32_camera.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_camera/esp32_camera.cpp
index 655ae54f0a..085feb8c8a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_camera/esp32_camera.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_camera/esp32_camera.cpp
@@ -146,6 +146,10 @@ void ESP32Camera::dump_config() {
   }
 
   sensor_t *s = esp_camera_sensor_get();
+  if (s == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "  Camera sensor not available");
+    return;
+  }
   auto st = s->status;
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "  JPEG Quality: %u\n"
@@ -483,6 +487,9 @@ void ESP32Camera::request_image(camera::CameraRequester requester) { this->singl
 camera::CameraImageReader *ESP32Camera::create_image_reader() { return new ESP32CameraImageReader; }
 void ESP32Camera::update_camera_parameters() {
   sensor_t *s = esp_camera_sensor_get();
+  if (s == nullptr) {
+    return;
+  }
   /* update image */
   s->set_vflip(s, this->vertical_flip_);
   s->set_hmirror(s, this->horizontal_mirror_);
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
index eb17cc7de7..f9701cbdf6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ static constexpr uint8_t DATA_FRAME_FOOTER[2] = {0x55, 0xCC};
 // MAC address the module uses when Bluetooth is disabled
 static constexpr uint8_t NO_MAC[] = {0x08, 0x05, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01};
 
-static inline uint16_t convert_seconds_to_ms(uint16_t value) { return value * 1000; };
+static inline uint32_t convert_seconds_to_ms(uint16_t value) { return (uint32_t) value * 1000; };
 
 static inline void convert_int_values_to_hex(const int *values, uint8_t *bytes) {
   for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h
index 39b0ebd9da..9409dfc21d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ class LD2450Component : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
   uint32_t presence_millis_ = 0;
   uint32_t still_presence_millis_ = 0;
   uint32_t moving_presence_millis_ = 0;
-  uint16_t timeout_ = 5;
+  uint32_t timeout_ = 5;
   uint8_t buffer_data_[MAX_LINE_LENGTH];
   uint8_t mac_address_[6] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
   uint8_t version_[6] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/addressable_light_effect.h b/esphome/components/light/addressable_light_effect.h
index 461ddbc085..283b037aca 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/addressable_light_effect.h
+++ b/esphome/components/light/addressable_light_effect.h
@@ -324,6 +324,8 @@ class AddressableFireworksEffect : public AddressableLightEffect {
         target *= 170;
       view = target;
     }
+    if (it.size() < 2)
+      return;
     int last = it.size() - 1;
     it[0].set(it[0].get() + (it[1].get() * 128));
     for (int i = 1; i < last; i++) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/mopeka_std_check.cpp b/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/mopeka_std_check.cpp
index 88bd7b02fd..a4a31b8260 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/mopeka_std_check.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/mopeka_std_check.cpp
@@ -126,18 +126,18 @@ bool MopekaStdCheck::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device)
     // Copy measurements over into my array.
     {
       u_int8_t measurements_index = 0;
-      for (u_int8_t i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
-        measurements_time[measurements_index] = mopeka_data->val[i].time_0 + 1;
-        measurements_value[measurements_index] = mopeka_data->val[i].value_0;
+      for (const auto &val : mopeka_data->val) {
+        measurements_time[measurements_index] = val.time_0 + 1;
+        measurements_value[measurements_index] = val.value_0;
         measurements_index++;
-        measurements_time[measurements_index] = mopeka_data->val[i].time_1 + 1;
-        measurements_value[measurements_index] = mopeka_data->val[i].value_1;
+        measurements_time[measurements_index] = val.time_1 + 1;
+        measurements_value[measurements_index] = val.value_1;
         measurements_index++;
-        measurements_time[measurements_index] = mopeka_data->val[i].time_2 + 1;
-        measurements_value[measurements_index] = mopeka_data->val[i].value_2;
+        measurements_time[measurements_index] = val.time_2 + 1;
+        measurements_value[measurements_index] = val.value_2;
         measurements_index++;
-        measurements_time[measurements_index] = mopeka_data->val[i].time_3 + 1;
-        measurements_value[measurements_index] = mopeka_data->val[i].value_3;
+        measurements_time[measurements_index] = val.time_3 + 1;
+        measurements_value[measurements_index] = val.value_3;
         measurements_index++;
       }
     }
diff --git a/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/mopeka_std_check.h b/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/mopeka_std_check.h
index 45588988c5..c0a02f27f2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/mopeka_std_check.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mopeka_std_check/mopeka_std_check.h
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ struct mopeka_std_package {  // NOLINT(readability-identifier-naming,altera-stru
   bool slow_update_rate : 1;
   bool sync_pressed : 1;
 
-  mopeka_std_values val[4];
+  mopeka_std_values val[3];
 } __attribute__((packed));
 
 class MopekaStdCheck : public Component, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener {
diff --git a/esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.cpp b/esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.cpp
index 9bf0450993..01f5aad810 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.cpp
@@ -146,16 +146,19 @@ void Rtttl::loop() {
   }
 #endif  // USE_SPEAKER
 
+  // Align to note: most rtttl's out there does not add any space after the ',' separator but just in case
+  while (this->position_ < this->rtttl_.length()) {
+    char c = this->rtttl_[this->position_];
+    if (c != ',' && c != ' ')
+      break;
+    this->position_++;
+  }
+
   if (this->position_ >= this->rtttl_.length()) {
     this->finish_();
     return;
   }
 
-  // Align to note: most rtttl's out there does not add any space after the ',' separator but just in case
-  while (this->rtttl_[this->position_] == ',' || this->rtttl_[this->position_] == ' ') {
-    this->position_++;
-  }
-
   // First, get note duration, if available
   uint8_t note_denominator = this->get_integer_();
 

From 470d9160a512b41042710bf4eb48455dbbd17007 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2026 17:57:02 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 495/609] [demo] Fix alarm control panel auth bypass when code
 is omitted (#14645)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/demo/demo_alarm_control_panel.h | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/demo/demo_alarm_control_panel.h b/esphome/components/demo/demo_alarm_control_panel.h
index 76cb24c2f4..9976e5c7f0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/demo/demo_alarm_control_panel.h
+++ b/esphome/components/demo/demo_alarm_control_panel.h
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ class DemoAlarmControlPanel : public AlarmControlPanel, public Component {
     auto code = call.get_code();
     switch (state) {
       case ACP_STATE_ARMED_AWAY:
-        if (this->get_requires_code_to_arm() && code.has_value()) {
-          if (*code != "1234") {
+        if (this->get_requires_code_to_arm()) {
+          if (!code.has_value() || *code != "1234") {
             this->status_momentary_error("invalid_code", 5000);
             return;
           }
@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ class DemoAlarmControlPanel : public AlarmControlPanel, public Component {
         this->publish_state(ACP_STATE_ARMED_AWAY);
         break;
       case ACP_STATE_DISARMED:
-        if (this->get_requires_code() && code.has_value()) {
-          if (*code != "1234") {
+        if (this->get_requires_code()) {
+          if (!code.has_value() || *code != "1234") {
             this->status_momentary_error("invalid_code", 5000);
             return;
           }

From 308e8e78cd0fb549b64b1ed16a30dcd1be26c9e3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2026 17:59:36 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 496/609] [ble_scanner] Escape special characters in JSON
 output (#14664)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/ble_scanner/ble_scanner.h | 23 ++++++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_scanner/ble_scanner.h b/esphome/components/ble_scanner/ble_scanner.h
index 7061b6d336..c6d7f24cce 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_scanner/ble_scanner.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_scanner/ble_scanner.h
@@ -16,12 +16,27 @@ namespace ble_scanner {
 class BLEScanner : public text_sensor::TextSensor, public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener, public Component {
  public:
   bool parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) override {
-    // Format JSON using stack buffer to avoid heap allocations from string concatenation
-    char buf[128];
     char addr_buf[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+    // Escape special characters in the device name for valid JSON
+    const char *name = device.get_name().c_str();
+    char escaped_name[128];
+    size_t pos = 0;
+    for (; *name != '\0' && pos < sizeof(escaped_name) - 7; name++) {
+      uint8_t c = static_cast<uint8_t>(*name);
+      if (c == '"' || c == '\\') {
+        escaped_name[pos++] = '\\';
+        escaped_name[pos++] = c;
+      } else if (c < 0x20) {
+        pos += snprintf(escaped_name + pos, sizeof(escaped_name) - pos, "\\u%04x", c);
+      } else {
+        escaped_name[pos++] = c;
+      }
+    }
+    escaped_name[pos] = '\0';
+
+    char buf[256];
     snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "{\"timestamp\":%" PRId64 ",\"address\":\"%s\",\"rssi\":%d,\"name\":\"%s\"}",
-             static_cast<int64_t>(::time(nullptr)), device.address_str_to(addr_buf), device.get_rssi(),
-             device.get_name().c_str());
+             static_cast<int64_t>(::time(nullptr)), device.address_str_to(addr_buf), device.get_rssi(), escaped_name);
     this->publish_state(buf);
     return true;
   }

From b3fc43c13c5bee4b60c0bae0dbc1b244e4f4c60c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2026 18:00:17 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 497/609] [multiple] Fix wrong behavior in sensor calculations
 and drivers (#14644)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/bme280_base/bme280_base.cpp   | 7 +++++--
 esphome/components/bme680/bme680.h               | 4 ++--
 esphome/components/cse7766/cse7766.cpp           | 9 +++++----
 esphome/components/hitachi_ac344/hitachi_ac344.h | 2 +-
 esphome/components/rx8130/rx8130.cpp             | 4 ++--
 esphome/components/usb_uart/cp210x.cpp           | 2 +-
 6 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/bme280_base/bme280_base.cpp b/esphome/components/bme280_base/bme280_base.cpp
index f396888fd1..addbfe618d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bme280_base/bme280_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/bme280_base/bme280_base.cpp
@@ -147,8 +147,11 @@ void BME280Component::setup() {
   this->calibration_.h1 = read_u8_(BME280_REGISTER_DIG_H1);
   this->calibration_.h2 = read_s16_le_(BME280_REGISTER_DIG_H2);
   this->calibration_.h3 = read_u8_(BME280_REGISTER_DIG_H3);
-  this->calibration_.h4 = read_u8_(BME280_REGISTER_DIG_H4) << 4 | (read_u8_(BME280_REGISTER_DIG_H4 + 1) & 0x0F);
-  this->calibration_.h5 = read_u8_(BME280_REGISTER_DIG_H5 + 1) << 4 | (read_u8_(BME280_REGISTER_DIG_H5) >> 4);
+  // h4 and h5 are signed 12-bit values; shift left then arithmetic right shift to sign-extend
+  int16_t h4_raw = read_u8_(BME280_REGISTER_DIG_H4) << 4 | (read_u8_(BME280_REGISTER_DIG_H4 + 1) & 0x0F);
+  this->calibration_.h4 = static_cast<int16_t>(h4_raw << 4) >> 4;
+  int16_t h5_raw = read_u8_(BME280_REGISTER_DIG_H5 + 1) << 4 | (read_u8_(BME280_REGISTER_DIG_H5) >> 4);
+  this->calibration_.h5 = static_cast<int16_t>(h5_raw << 4) >> 4;
   this->calibration_.h6 = read_u8_(BME280_REGISTER_DIG_H6);
 
   uint8_t humid_control_val = 0;
diff --git a/esphome/components/bme680/bme680.h b/esphome/components/bme680/bme680.h
index d48a42823b..239823fa8c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bme680/bme680.h
+++ b/esphome/components/bme680/bme680.h
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ enum BME680Oversampling {
 /// Struct for storing calibration data for the BME680.
 struct BME680CalibrationData {
   uint16_t t1;
-  uint16_t t2;
-  uint8_t t3;
+  int16_t t2;
+  int8_t t3;
 
   uint16_t p1;
   int16_t p2;
diff --git a/esphome/components/cse7766/cse7766.cpp b/esphome/components/cse7766/cse7766.cpp
index 806b79e19e..ce77b62b7b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cse7766/cse7766.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/cse7766/cse7766.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include <cmath>
 
 namespace esphome::cse7766 {
 
@@ -192,12 +193,12 @@ void CSE7766Component::parse_data_() {
       this->apparent_power_sensor_->publish_state(apparent_power);
     }
     if (have_power && this->reactive_power_sensor_ != nullptr) {
-      const float reactive_power = apparent_power - power;
-      if (reactive_power < 0.0f) {
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Impossible reactive power: %.4f is negative", reactive_power);
+      const float q_squared = apparent_power * apparent_power - power * power;
+      if (q_squared < 0.0f) {
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Impossible reactive power: S^2-P^2 is negative (%.4f)", q_squared);
         this->reactive_power_sensor_->publish_state(0.0f);
       } else {
-        this->reactive_power_sensor_->publish_state(reactive_power);
+        this->reactive_power_sensor_->publish_state(std::sqrt(q_squared));
       }
     }
     if (this->power_factor_sensor_ != nullptr && (have_power || power_cycle_exceeds_range)) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/hitachi_ac344/hitachi_ac344.h b/esphome/components/hitachi_ac344/hitachi_ac344.h
index c34f033d92..0877b83261 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hitachi_ac344/hitachi_ac344.h
+++ b/esphome/components/hitachi_ac344/hitachi_ac344.h
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ class HitachiClimate : public climate_ir::ClimateIR {
   void set_power_(bool on);
   uint8_t get_mode_();
   void set_mode_(uint8_t mode);
-  void set_temp_(uint8_t celsius, bool set_previous = false);
+  void set_temp_(uint8_t celsius, bool set_previous = true);
   uint8_t get_fan_();
   void set_fan_(uint8_t speed);
   void set_swing_v_toggle_(bool on);
diff --git a/esphome/components/rx8130/rx8130.cpp b/esphome/components/rx8130/rx8130.cpp
index ba092a4834..9e6f05ee15 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rx8130/rx8130.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rx8130/rx8130.cpp
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ void RX8130Component::read_time() {
       .second = bcd2dec(date[0] & 0x7f),
       .minute = bcd2dec(date[1] & 0x7f),
       .hour = bcd2dec(date[2] & 0x3f),
-      .day_of_week = bcd2dec(date[3] & 0x7f),
+      .day_of_week = static_cast<uint8_t>((date[3] & 0x7f) ? __builtin_ctz(date[3] & 0x7f) + 1 : 1),
       .day_of_month = bcd2dec(date[4] & 0x3f),
       .day_of_year = 1,  // ignored by recalc_timestamp_utc(false)
       .month = bcd2dec(date[5] & 0x1f),
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ void RX8130Component::write_time() {
   buff[0] = dec2bcd(now.second);
   buff[1] = dec2bcd(now.minute);
   buff[2] = dec2bcd(now.hour);
-  buff[3] = dec2bcd(now.day_of_week);
+  buff[3] = 1 << (now.day_of_week - 1);
   buff[4] = dec2bcd(now.day_of_month);
   buff[5] = dec2bcd(now.month);
   buff[6] = dec2bcd(now.year % 100);
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/cp210x.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_uart/cp210x.cpp
index ae9170c5fb..261f40c0db 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/cp210x.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/cp210x.cpp
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ std::vector<CdcEps> USBUartTypeCP210X::parse_descriptors(usb_device_handle_t dev
   }
 
   for (uint8_t i = 0; i != config_desc->bNumInterfaces; i++) {
-    auto data_desc = usb_parse_interface_descriptor(config_desc, 0, 0, &conf_offset);
+    auto data_desc = usb_parse_interface_descriptor(config_desc, i, 0, &conf_offset);
     if (!data_desc) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "data_desc: usb_parse_interface_descriptor failed");
       break;

From 468ce74c8e2822a87c5367f22ca2c8732732e940 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Keith Burzinski <kbx81x@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2026 17:04:47 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 498/609] [api][serial_proxy] Fix dangling pointer (#14640)

---
 esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp      | 12 ++++++++++++
 esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h |  3 +++
 2 files changed, 15 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
index 28a770a4fb..7bd5d5120b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
@@ -155,6 +155,18 @@ APIConnection::~APIConnection() {
     voice_assistant::global_voice_assistant->client_subscription(this, false);
   }
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
+  if (zwave_proxy::global_zwave_proxy != nullptr && zwave_proxy::global_zwave_proxy->get_api_connection() == this) {
+    zwave_proxy::global_zwave_proxy->zwave_proxy_request(this, enums::ZWAVE_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE);
+  }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+  for (auto *proxy : App.get_serial_proxies()) {
+    if (proxy->get_api_connection() == this) {
+      proxy->serial_proxy_request(this, enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE);
+    }
+  }
+#endif
 }
 
 void APIConnection::destroy_active_iterator_() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h b/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h
index 52f0654ff0..62f942b19d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h
+++ b/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h
@@ -74,6 +74,9 @@ class SerialProxy : public uart::UARTDevice, public Component {
   /// @param data_size Number of data bits (5-8)
   void configure(uint32_t baudrate, bool flow_control, uint8_t parity, uint8_t stop_bits, uint8_t data_size);
 
+  /// Get the currently subscribed API connection (nullptr if none)
+  api::APIConnection *get_api_connection() { return this->api_connection_; }
+
   /// Handle a subscribe/unsubscribe request from an API client
   void serial_proxy_request(api::APIConnection *api_connection, api::enums::SerialProxyRequestType type);
 

From d2686b49bef3fdf1d56f7f222e1532e8c25d4380 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2026 18:15:33 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 499/609] [canbus] Fix multiple MCP component bugs (#14461)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/canbus/canbus.cpp               |  3 ++-
 esphome/components/mcp23x08_base/mcp23x08_base.cpp |  4 ++--
 esphome/components/mcp23x17_base/mcp23x17_base.cpp |  4 ++--
 esphome/components/mcp2515/mcp2515.cpp             |  1 +
 esphome/components/mcp4461/mcp4461.cpp             | 12 ++++++------
 esphome/components/mcp4728/mcp4728.h               |  2 +-
 6 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/canbus/canbus.cpp b/esphome/components/canbus/canbus.cpp
index e208b0fd66..ce48bfbba5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/canbus/canbus.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/canbus/canbus.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "canbus.h"
+#include <algorithm>
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ void Canbus::loop() {
     std::vector<uint8_t> data;
 
     // show data received
-    for (int i = 0; i < can_message.can_data_length_code; i++) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < std::min(can_message.can_data_length_code, CAN_MAX_DATA_LENGTH); i++) {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "  can_message.data[%d]=%02x", i, can_message.data[i]);
       data.push_back(can_message.data[i]);
     }
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp23x08_base/mcp23x08_base.cpp b/esphome/components/mcp23x08_base/mcp23x08_base.cpp
index 1593c376cd..92228be62c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp23x08_base/mcp23x08_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp23x08_base/mcp23x08_base.cpp
@@ -47,12 +47,12 @@ void MCP23X08Base::pin_interrupt_mode(uint8_t pin, mcp23xxx_base::MCP23XXXInterr
     case mcp23xxx_base::MCP23XXX_RISING:
       this->update_reg(pin, true, gpinten);
       this->update_reg(pin, true, intcon);
-      this->update_reg(pin, true, defval);
+      this->update_reg(pin, false, defval);
       break;
     case mcp23xxx_base::MCP23XXX_FALLING:
       this->update_reg(pin, true, gpinten);
       this->update_reg(pin, true, intcon);
-      this->update_reg(pin, false, defval);
+      this->update_reg(pin, true, defval);
       break;
     case mcp23xxx_base::MCP23XXX_NO_INTERRUPT:
       this->update_reg(pin, false, gpinten);
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp23x17_base/mcp23x17_base.cpp b/esphome/components/mcp23x17_base/mcp23x17_base.cpp
index b1f1f260b4..6f95ee98fd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp23x17_base/mcp23x17_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp23x17_base/mcp23x17_base.cpp
@@ -59,12 +59,12 @@ void MCP23X17Base::pin_interrupt_mode(uint8_t pin, mcp23xxx_base::MCP23XXXInterr
     case mcp23xxx_base::MCP23XXX_RISING:
       this->update_reg(pin, true, gpinten);
       this->update_reg(pin, true, intcon);
-      this->update_reg(pin, true, defval);
+      this->update_reg(pin, false, defval);
       break;
     case mcp23xxx_base::MCP23XXX_FALLING:
       this->update_reg(pin, true, gpinten);
       this->update_reg(pin, true, intcon);
-      this->update_reg(pin, false, defval);
+      this->update_reg(pin, true, defval);
       break;
     case mcp23xxx_base::MCP23XXX_NO_INTERRUPT:
       this->update_reg(pin, false, gpinten);
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp2515/mcp2515.cpp b/esphome/components/mcp2515/mcp2515.cpp
index 77bfaf9224..c2db9228c8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp2515/mcp2515.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp2515/mcp2515.cpp
@@ -506,6 +506,7 @@ canbus::Error MCP2515::set_bitrate_(canbus::CanSpeed can_speed, CanClock can_clo
           cfg3 = MCP_12MHZ_40KBPS_CFG3;
           break;
         case (canbus::CAN_50KBPS):  //  50Kbps
+          cfg1 = MCP_12MHZ_50KBPS_CFG1;
           cfg2 = MCP_12MHZ_50KBPS_CFG2;
           cfg3 = MCP_12MHZ_50KBPS_CFG3;
           break;
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp4461/mcp4461.cpp b/esphome/components/mcp4461/mcp4461.cpp
index dc7e7019aa..48d90377df 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp4461/mcp4461.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp4461/mcp4461.cpp
@@ -79,8 +79,8 @@ void Mcp4461Component::dump_config() {
     // reworked to be a one-line intentionally, as output would not be in order
     if (i < 4) {
       ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  ├── Volatile wiper [%u] level: %u, Status: %s, HW: %s, A: %s, B: %s, W: %s", i,
-                    this->reg_[i].state, ONOFF(this->reg_[i].terminal_hw), ONOFF(this->reg_[i].terminal_a),
-                    ONOFF(this->reg_[i].terminal_b), ONOFF(this->reg_[i].terminal_w), ONOFF(this->reg_[i].enabled));
+                    this->reg_[i].state, ONOFF(this->reg_[i].enabled), ONOFF(this->reg_[i].terminal_hw),
+                    ONOFF(this->reg_[i].terminal_a), ONOFF(this->reg_[i].terminal_b), ONOFF(this->reg_[i].terminal_w));
     } else {
       ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  ├── Nonvolatile wiper [%u] level: %u", i, this->reg_[i].state);
     }
@@ -315,9 +315,9 @@ void Mcp4461Component::disable_wiper_(Mcp4461WiperIdx wiper) {
     return;
   }
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Disabling wiper %u", wiper_idx);
-  this->reg_[wiper_idx].enabled = true;
+  this->reg_[wiper_idx].enabled = false;
   if (wiper_idx < 4) {
-    this->reg_[wiper_idx].terminal_hw = true;
+    this->reg_[wiper_idx].terminal_hw = false;
     this->reg_[wiper_idx].update_terminal = true;
   }
 }
@@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ void Mcp4461Component::enable_terminal_(Mcp4461WiperIdx wiper, char terminal) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unknown terminal %c specified", terminal);
       return;
   }
-  this->reg_[wiper_idx].update_terminal = false;
+  this->reg_[wiper_idx].update_terminal = true;
 }
 
 void Mcp4461Component::disable_terminal_(Mcp4461WiperIdx wiper, char terminal) {
@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ void Mcp4461Component::disable_terminal_(Mcp4461WiperIdx wiper, char terminal) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unknown terminal %c specified", terminal);
       return;
   }
-  this->reg_[wiper_idx].update_terminal = false;
+  this->reg_[wiper_idx].update_terminal = true;
 }
 
 uint16_t Mcp4461Component::get_eeprom_value(Mcp4461EepromLocation location) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/mcp4728/mcp4728.h b/esphome/components/mcp4728/mcp4728.h
index f2262f4a35..d657408081 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mcp4728/mcp4728.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mcp4728/mcp4728.h
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class MCP4728Component : public Component, public i2c::I2CDevice {
   void select_gain_(MCP4728ChannelIdx channel, MCP4728Gain gain);
 
  private:
-  DACInputData reg_[4];
+  DACInputData reg_[4]{};
   bool store_in_eeprom_ = false;
   bool update_ = false;
 };

From d96be88ff58d3dac9454364f6da24ff4ff0e3561 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2026 18:32:57 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 500/609] [multiple] Fix reliability issues in 5 components
 (#14655)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@koston.org>
---
 esphome/components/bme680_bsec/bme680_bsec.cpp |  8 +++++++-
 esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/hlk_fm22x.cpp     | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp       |  6 ++++++
 esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp        |  4 +++-
 esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp       |  5 +++++
 5 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/bme680_bsec.cpp b/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/bme680_bsec.cpp
index 454be0c0fe..75efb6835a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/bme680_bsec.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/bme680_bsec.cpp
@@ -271,10 +271,16 @@ void BME680BSECComponent::read_() {
   int64_t curr_time_ns = this->get_time_ns_();
 
   if (this->bme680_settings_.trigger_measurement) {
+    uint32_t start = millis();
     while (this->bme680_.power_mode != BME680_SLEEP_MODE) {
+      if (millis() - start > 50) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Timeout waiting for BME680 to enter sleep mode");
+        return;
+      }
       this->bme680_status_ = bme680_get_sensor_mode(&this->bme680_);
       if (this->bme680_status_ != BME680_OK) {
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to get sensor mode (BME680 Error Code %d)", this->bme680_status_);
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to get sensor mode (BME680 Error Code %d)", this->bme680_status_);
+        return;
       }
     }
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/hlk_fm22x.cpp b/esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/hlk_fm22x.cpp
index 7c7c8782de..7a0dc0690c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/hlk_fm22x.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/hlk_fm22x.cpp
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 namespace esphome::hlk_fm22x {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "hlk_fm22x";
+static constexpr uint32_t PAYLOAD_TIMEOUT_MS = 20;
 
 void HlkFm22xComponent::setup() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Setting up HLK-FM22X...");
@@ -133,6 +134,21 @@ void HlkFm22xComponent::recv_command_() {
   checksum ^= byte;
   length |= byte;
 
+  // Wait for remaining data (payload + checksum) to arrive.
+  // Header bytes are already consumed, so we must finish reading this message.
+  uint32_t start = millis();
+  while (this->available() < length + 1) {
+    if (millis() - start > PAYLOAD_TIMEOUT_MS) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Timeout waiting for payload (%u bytes)", length);
+      // Drain any partial payload bytes to resync the parser
+      while (this->available() > 0) {
+        this->read();
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    delay(1);
+  }
+
   // Read up to buffer size; discard excess bytes while still computing checksum
   // GET_ALL_FACE_IDS can return all enrolled face data (hundreds of bytes)
   // but handlers only need the first few bytes
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp b/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp
index 66cb25b864..5400054bb1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp
@@ -163,8 +163,11 @@ void LvglComponent::show_page(size_t index, lv_scr_load_anim_t anim, uint32_t ti
 void LvglComponent::show_next_page(lv_scr_load_anim_t anim, uint32_t time) {
   if (this->pages_.empty() || (this->current_page_ == this->pages_.size() - 1 && !this->page_wrap_))
     return;
+  size_t start = this->current_page_;
   do {
     this->current_page_ = (this->current_page_ + 1) % this->pages_.size();
+    if (this->current_page_ == start)
+      return;  // all pages have skip=true (guaranteed not to happen by YAML validation)
   } while (this->pages_[this->current_page_]->skip);  // skip empty pages()
   this->show_page(this->current_page_, anim, time);
 }
@@ -172,8 +175,11 @@ void LvglComponent::show_next_page(lv_scr_load_anim_t anim, uint32_t time) {
 void LvglComponent::show_prev_page(lv_scr_load_anim_t anim, uint32_t time) {
   if (this->pages_.empty() || (this->current_page_ == 0 && !this->page_wrap_))
     return;
+  size_t start = this->current_page_;
   do {
     this->current_page_ = (this->current_page_ + this->pages_.size() - 1) % this->pages_.size();
+    if (this->current_page_ == start)
+      return;  // all pages have skip=true (guaranteed not to happen by YAML validation)
   } while (this->pages_[this->current_page_]->skip);  // skip empty pages()
   this->show_page(this->current_page_, anim, time);
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp
index 1a03c5329e..38daf8f8f6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp
@@ -44,8 +44,10 @@ MQTTClientComponent::MQTTClientComponent() {
 void MQTTClientComponent::setup() {
   this->mqtt_backend_.set_on_message(
       [this](const char *topic, const char *payload, size_t len, size_t index, size_t total) {
-        if (index == 0)
+        if (index == 0) {
+          this->payload_buffer_.clear();
           this->payload_buffer_.reserve(total);
+        }
 
         // append new payload, may contain incomplete MQTT message
         this->payload_buffer_.append(payload, len);
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
index 83de0b39fc..3d35f368fb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
@@ -106,10 +106,15 @@ std::vector<CdcEps> USBUartTypeCdcAcm::parse_descriptors(usb_device_handle_t dev
 }
 
 void RingBuffer::push(uint8_t item) {
+  if (this->get_free_space() == 0)
+    return;
   this->buffer_[this->insert_pos_] = item;
   this->insert_pos_ = (this->insert_pos_ + 1) % this->buffer_size_;
 }
 void RingBuffer::push(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+  size_t free = this->get_free_space();
+  if (len > free)
+    len = free;
   for (size_t i = 0; i != len; i++) {
     this->buffer_[this->insert_pos_] = *data++;
     this->insert_pos_ = (this->insert_pos_ + 1) % this->buffer_size_;

From dadbdd0f7b2081031d395a2778f92706ab98647a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2026 12:34:31 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 501/609] [ci] Make codeowner label update non-fatal for fork
 PRs (#14668)

---
 .../codeowner-approved-label-update.yml       | 24 ++++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeowner-approved-label-update.yml b/.github/workflows/codeowner-approved-label-update.yml
index c2eb886913..0bce33ebe2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/codeowner-approved-label-update.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeowner-approved-label-update.yml
@@ -55,18 +55,24 @@ jobs:
               return;
             }
 
-            if (action === LabelAction.ADD) {
-              await github.rest.issues.addLabels({
-                owner, repo, issue_number: pr_number, labels: [LABEL_NAME]
-              });
-              console.log(`Added '${LABEL_NAME}' label`);
-            } else if (action === LabelAction.REMOVE) {
-              try {
+            try {
+              if (action === LabelAction.ADD) {
+                await github.rest.issues.addLabels({
+                  owner, repo, issue_number: pr_number, labels: [LABEL_NAME]
+                });
+                console.log(`Added '${LABEL_NAME}' label`);
+              } else if (action === LabelAction.REMOVE) {
                 await github.rest.issues.removeLabel({
                   owner, repo, issue_number: pr_number, name: LABEL_NAME
                 });
                 console.log(`Removed '${LABEL_NAME}' label`);
-              } catch (error) {
-                if (error.status !== 404) throw error;
+              }
+            } catch (error) {
+              if (error.status === 403) {
+                console.log(`Warning: insufficient permissions to update label (expected for fork PRs)`);
+              } else if (error.status === 404) {
+                console.log(`Label '${LABEL_NAME}' not present, nothing to remove`);
+              } else {
+                throw error;
               }
             }

From d6ce5dda81d6fdf966392e80b68a8c8cac0a3192 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2026 12:54:56 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 502/609] [ci] Skip YAML anchor keys in integration fixture
 component extraction (#14670)

---
 script/helpers.py            |  6 ++++--
 tests/script/test_helpers.py | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/script/helpers.py b/script/helpers.py
index 202ac9b5fc..d372d2a7ec 100644
--- a/script/helpers.py
+++ b/script/helpers.py
@@ -705,8 +705,10 @@ def get_components_from_integration_fixtures() -> set[str]:
         if not config:
             continue
 
-        # Add all top-level component keys
-        components.update(config.keys())
+        # Add all top-level component keys (skip YAML anchor keys starting with '.')
+        components.update(
+            k for k in config if isinstance(k, str) and not k.startswith(".")
+        )
 
         # Add platform components (e.g., output.template)
         for value in config.values():
diff --git a/tests/script/test_helpers.py b/tests/script/test_helpers.py
index 7e60ba41fc..2953a9fd42 100644
--- a/tests/script/test_helpers.py
+++ b/tests/script/test_helpers.py
@@ -1057,6 +1057,30 @@ def test_get_components_from_integration_fixtures() -> None:
         assert components == expected_components
 
 
+def test_get_components_from_integration_fixtures_skips_yaml_anchors() -> None:
+    """Test that YAML anchor keys (starting with '.') are excluded."""
+    yaml_content = {
+        "sensor": [{"platform": "template", "name": "test"}],
+        "esphome": {"name": "test"},
+        ".sensor_filters": {"filters": [{"timeout": "50ms"}]},
+        ".binary_filters": {"filters": [{"settle": "50ms"}]},
+    }
+
+    mock_yaml_file = Mock()
+
+    with (
+        patch("pathlib.Path.glob") as mock_glob,
+        patch("esphome.yaml_util.load_yaml", return_value=yaml_content),
+    ):
+        mock_glob.return_value = [mock_yaml_file]
+
+        components = helpers.get_components_from_integration_fixtures()
+
+        assert ".sensor_filters" not in components
+        assert ".binary_filters" not in components
+        assert components == {"sensor", "esphome", "template"}
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "output,expected",
     [

From c31ac662bd08cdb99859819dc92a8a9295fb828c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2026 20:39:58 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 503/609] [multiple] Fix crashes from malformed external input
 (#14643)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@home-assistant.io>
---
 esphome/components/b_parasite/b_parasite.cpp  |  10 ++
 .../components/kamstrup_kmp/kamstrup_kmp.cpp  |  12 +-
 esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.cpp          |  39 ++--
 esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp        |   4 +-
 esphome/components/pipsolar/pipsolar.cpp      |   9 +-
 esphome/components/smt100/smt100.cpp          |  25 ++-
 .../uart_mock_ld2412_engineering.yaml         |  93 +++-------
 ...art_mock_ld2412_engineering_truncated.yaml | 167 ++++++++++++++++++
 tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2412.py    | 125 +++++++++++++
 9 files changed, 390 insertions(+), 94 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412_engineering_truncated.yaml

diff --git a/esphome/components/b_parasite/b_parasite.cpp b/esphome/components/b_parasite/b_parasite.cpp
index 356f396476..7be26efa7f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/b_parasite/b_parasite.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/b_parasite/b_parasite.cpp
@@ -38,6 +38,11 @@ bool BParasite::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
 
   const auto &data = service_data.data;
 
+  if (data.size() < 10) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Service data too short: %zu", data.size());
+    return false;
+  }
+
   const uint8_t protocol_version = data[0] >> 4;
   if (protocol_version != 1 && protocol_version != 2) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unsupported protocol version: %u", protocol_version);
@@ -47,6 +52,11 @@ bool BParasite::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   // Some b-parasite versions have an (optional) illuminance sensor.
   bool has_illuminance = data[0] & 0x1;
 
+  if (has_illuminance && data.size() < 18) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Service data too short for illuminance: %zu", data.size());
+    return false;
+  }
+
   // Counter for deduplicating messages.
   uint8_t counter = data[1] & 0x0f;
   if (last_processed_counter_ == counter) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/kamstrup_kmp/kamstrup_kmp.cpp b/esphome/components/kamstrup_kmp/kamstrup_kmp.cpp
index 29de651255..9f2557243c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/kamstrup_kmp/kamstrup_kmp.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/kamstrup_kmp/kamstrup_kmp.cpp
@@ -110,9 +110,17 @@ void KamstrupKMPComponent::send_message_(const uint8_t *msg, int msg_len) {
 
   for (int i = 0; i < buffer_len; i++) {
     if (buffer[i] == 0x06 || buffer[i] == 0x0d || buffer[i] == 0x1b || buffer[i] == 0x40 || buffer[i] == 0x80) {
+      if (tx_msg_len + 2 >= static_cast<int>(sizeof(tx_msg))) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "TX message overflow");
+        return;
+      }
       tx_msg[tx_msg_len++] = 0x1b;
       tx_msg[tx_msg_len++] = buffer[i] ^ 0xff;
     } else {
+      if (tx_msg_len + 1 >= static_cast<int>(sizeof(tx_msg))) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "TX message overflow");
+        return;
+      }
       tx_msg[tx_msg_len++] = buffer[i];
     }
   }
@@ -216,8 +224,8 @@ void KamstrupKMPComponent::parse_command_message_(uint16_t command, const uint8_
   uint8_t unit_idx = msg[4];
   uint8_t mantissa_range = msg[5];
 
-  if (mantissa_range > 4) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Received invalid message (mantissa size too large %d, expected 4)", mantissa_range);
+  if (mantissa_range > 4 || msg_len < 7 + mantissa_range) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Received invalid message (mantissa size %d, msg_len %d)", mantissa_range, msg_len);
     return;
   }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.cpp b/esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.cpp
index ef0915d0bc..37578dd8da 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.cpp
@@ -413,24 +413,29 @@ void LD2412Component::handle_periodic_data_() {
     this->detection_distance_sensor_->publish_state_if_not_dup(new_detect_distance);
   }
   if (engineering_mode) {
-    /*
-      Moving distance range: 18th byte
-      Still distance range: 19th byte
-      Moving energy: 20~28th bytes
-    */
-    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < TOTAL_GATES; i++) {
-      SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR(this->gate_move_sensors_[i], this->buffer_data_[MOVING_SENSOR_START + i])
+    // Engineering mode needs at least LIGHT_SENSOR + 1 bytes
+    if (this->buffer_pos_ < LIGHT_SENSOR + 1) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Engineering mode packet too short: %u", this->buffer_pos_);
+    } else {
+      /*
+        Moving distance range: 18th byte
+        Still distance range: 19th byte
+        Moving energy: 20~28th bytes
+      */
+      for (uint8_t i = 0; i < TOTAL_GATES; i++) {
+        SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR(this->gate_move_sensors_[i], this->buffer_data_[MOVING_SENSOR_START + i])
+      }
+      /*
+        Still energy: 29~37th bytes
+      */
+      for (uint8_t i = 0; i < TOTAL_GATES; i++) {
+        SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR(this->gate_still_sensors_[i], this->buffer_data_[STILL_SENSOR_START + i])
+      }
+      /*
+        Light sensor value
+      */
+      SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR(this->light_sensor_, this->buffer_data_[LIGHT_SENSOR])
     }
-    /*
-      Still energy: 29~37th bytes
-    */
-    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < TOTAL_GATES; i++) {
-      SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR(this->gate_still_sensors_[i], this->buffer_data_[STILL_SENSOR_START + i])
-    }
-    /*
-      Light sensor: 38th bytes
-    */
-    SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR(this->light_sensor_, this->buffer_data_[LIGHT_SENSOR])
   } else {
     for (auto &gate_move_sensor : this->gate_move_sensors_) {
       SAFE_PUBLISH_SENSOR_UNKNOWN(gate_move_sensor)
diff --git a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp
index 7ae4d50fc8..01ceb3d765 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp
@@ -646,8 +646,8 @@ void Nextion::process_nextion_commands_() {
           break;
         }
 
-        if (to_process_length == 0) {
-          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Numeric return but no data");
+        if (to_process_length < 4) {
+          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Numeric return but insufficient data (need 4, got %zu)", to_process_length);
           break;
         }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/pipsolar/pipsolar.cpp b/esphome/components/pipsolar/pipsolar.cpp
index eb6d3931e0..c304d206c0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pipsolar/pipsolar.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pipsolar/pipsolar.cpp
@@ -192,8 +192,13 @@ bool Pipsolar::send_next_command_() {
   if (!this->command_queue_[this->command_queue_position_].empty()) {
     const char *command = this->command_queue_[this->command_queue_position_].c_str();
     uint8_t byte_command[16];
-    uint8_t length = this->command_queue_[this->command_queue_position_].length();
-    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+    size_t length = this->command_queue_[this->command_queue_position_].length();
+    if (length > sizeof(byte_command)) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Command too long: %zu", length);
+      this->command_queue_[this->command_queue_position_].clear();
+      return false;
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < length; i++) {
       byte_command[i] = (uint8_t) this->command_queue_[this->command_queue_position_].at(i);
     }
     this->state_ = STATE_COMMAND;
diff --git a/esphome/components/smt100/smt100.cpp b/esphome/components/smt100/smt100.cpp
index 105cc06edb..6eb6416447 100644
--- a/esphome/components/smt100/smt100.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/smt100/smt100.cpp
@@ -14,11 +14,26 @@ void SMT100Component::update() {
 void SMT100Component::loop() {
   while (this->available() != 0) {
     if (this->readline_(this->read(), this->readline_buffer_, MAX_LINE_LENGTH) > 0) {
-      int counts = (int) strtol((strtok(this->readline_buffer_, ",")), nullptr, 10);
-      float permittivity = (float) strtod((strtok(nullptr, ",")), nullptr);
-      float moisture = (float) strtod((strtok(nullptr, ",")), nullptr);
-      float temperature = (float) strtod((strtok(nullptr, ",")), nullptr);
-      float voltage = (float) strtod((strtok(nullptr, ",")), nullptr);
+      char *token = strtok(this->readline_buffer_, ",");
+      if (!token)
+        continue;
+      int counts = (int) strtol(token, nullptr, 10);
+      token = strtok(nullptr, ",");
+      if (!token)
+        continue;
+      float permittivity = (float) strtod(token, nullptr);
+      token = strtok(nullptr, ",");
+      if (!token)
+        continue;
+      float moisture = (float) strtod(token, nullptr);
+      token = strtok(nullptr, ",");
+      if (!token)
+        continue;
+      float temperature = (float) strtod(token, nullptr);
+      token = strtok(nullptr, ",");
+      if (!token)
+        continue;
+      float voltage = (float) strtod(token, nullptr);
 
       if (this->counts_sensor_ != nullptr) {
         counts_sensor_->publish_state(counts);
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412_engineering.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412_engineering.yaml
index 103dbed132..a69e18888e 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412_engineering.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412_engineering.yaml
@@ -102,6 +102,18 @@ uart_mock:
           0xF8, 0xF7, 0xF6, 0xF5,
         ]
 
+# Common filter definitions
+.sensor_filters: &sensor_filters
+  filters:
+    - timeout:
+        timeout: 50ms
+        value: last
+    - throttle_with_priority: 50ms
+
+.binary_filters: &binary_filters
+  filters:
+    - settle: 50ms
+
 ld2412:
   id: ld2412_dev
   uart_id: mock_uart
@@ -111,107 +123,56 @@ sensor:
     ld2412_id: ld2412_dev
     moving_distance:
       name: "Moving Distance"
-      filters:
-        - timeout:
-            timeout: 50ms
-            value: last
-        - throttle_with_priority: 50ms
+      <<: *sensor_filters
     still_distance:
       name: "Still Distance"
-      filters:
-        - timeout:
-            timeout: 50ms
-            value: last
-        - throttle_with_priority: 50ms
+      <<: *sensor_filters
     moving_energy:
       name: "Moving Energy"
-      filters:
-        - timeout:
-            timeout: 50ms
-            value: last
-        - throttle_with_priority: 50ms
+      <<: *sensor_filters
     still_energy:
       name: "Still Energy"
-      filters:
-        - timeout:
-            timeout: 50ms
-            value: last
-        - throttle_with_priority: 50ms
+      <<: *sensor_filters
     detection_distance:
       name: "Detection Distance"
-      filters:
-        - timeout:
-            timeout: 50ms
-            value: last
-        - throttle_with_priority: 50ms
+      <<: *sensor_filters
     light:
       name: "Light"
-      filters:
-        - timeout:
-            timeout: 50ms
-            value: last
-        - throttle_with_priority: 50ms
+      <<: *sensor_filters
     gate_0:
       move_energy:
         name: "Gate 0 Move Energy"
-        filters:
-          - timeout:
-              timeout: 50ms
-              value: last
-          - throttle_with_priority: 50ms
+        <<: *sensor_filters
       still_energy:
         name: "Gate 0 Still Energy"
-        filters:
-          - timeout:
-              timeout: 50ms
-              value: last
-          - throttle_with_priority: 50ms
+        <<: *sensor_filters
     gate_1:
       move_energy:
         name: "Gate 1 Move Energy"
-        filters:
-          - timeout:
-              timeout: 50ms
-              value: last
-          - throttle_with_priority: 50ms
+        <<: *sensor_filters
       still_energy:
         name: "Gate 1 Still Energy"
-        filters:
-          - timeout:
-              timeout: 50ms
-              value: last
-          - throttle_with_priority: 50ms
+        <<: *sensor_filters
     gate_2:
       move_energy:
         name: "Gate 2 Move Energy"
-        filters:
-          - timeout:
-              timeout: 50ms
-              value: last
-          - throttle_with_priority: 50ms
+        <<: *sensor_filters
       still_energy:
         name: "Gate 2 Still Energy"
-        filters:
-          - timeout:
-              timeout: 50ms
-              value: last
-          - throttle_with_priority: 50ms
+        <<: *sensor_filters
 
 binary_sensor:
   - platform: ld2412
     ld2412_id: ld2412_dev
     has_target:
       name: "Has Target"
-      filters:
-        - settle: 50ms
+      <<: *binary_filters
     has_moving_target:
       name: "Has Moving Target"
-      filters:
-        - settle: 50ms
+      <<: *binary_filters
     has_still_target:
       name: "Has Still Target"
-      filters:
-        - settle: 50ms
+      <<: *binary_filters
 
 button:
   - platform: template
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412_engineering_truncated.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412_engineering_truncated.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c0bd514762
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/uart_mock_ld2412_engineering_truncated.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+esphome:
+  name: uart-mock-ld2412-eng-trunc
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: VERBOSE
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+# Dummy uart entry to satisfy ld2412's DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+uart:
+  baud_rate: 115200
+  port: /dev/null
+
+uart_mock:
+  id: mock_uart
+  baud_rate: 256000
+  auto_start: false
+  injections:
+    # Phase 1 (t=100ms): Valid engineering mode frame (52 bytes, buffer_pos_=52)
+    # Establishes baseline: gate_0_move=100, light=87
+    - delay: 100ms
+      inject_rx:
+        [
+          0xF4, 0xF3, 0xF2, 0xF1,
+          0x2A, 0x00,
+          0x01, 0xAA,
+          0x03,
+          0x1E, 0x00,
+          0x64,
+          0x1E, 0x00,
+          0x64,
+          0x00, 0x00,
+          0x64, 0x41, 0x06, 0x0E, 0x2B, 0x16, 0x03, 0x03, 0x07, 0x05, 0x09, 0x08, 0x07, 0x06,
+          0x00, 0x00, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x64, 0x50, 0x40, 0x30, 0x20, 0x10,
+          0x57,
+          0x55, 0x00,
+          0xF8, 0xF7, 0xF6, 0xF5,
+        ]
+
+    # Phase 2 (t=200ms): Truncated engineering mode frame (24 bytes, buffer_pos_=24)
+    # This frame has data_type=0x01 (engineering) but only enough data for the
+    # basic target fields, not the gate energies or light sensor.
+    # buffer_pos_=24 passes the old check (>= 12) but fails the new check (< 46).
+    # Without the fix, indices 17-45 would read stale buffer data from Phase 1.
+    #
+    # Layout (24 bytes):
+    #   [0-3]   F4 F3 F2 F1 = data frame header
+    #   [4-5]   0E 00       = length 14
+    #   [6]     01          = data type (engineering mode)
+    #   [7]     AA          = data header marker
+    #   [8]     03          = target states (moving+still)
+    #   [9-10]  1E 00       = moving distance 30
+    #   [11]    50          = moving energy 80
+    #   [12-13] 1E 00       = still distance 30
+    #   [14]    50          = still energy 80
+    #   [15-16] FF FF       = garbage detection distance bytes
+    #   [17]    FF          = padding (would be gate data in full frame)
+    #   [18]    55          = data footer marker (at buffer_pos_ - 6)
+    #   [19]    00          = check byte
+    #   [20-23] F8 F7 F6 F5 = data frame footer
+    - delay: 100ms
+      inject_rx:
+        [
+          0xF4, 0xF3, 0xF2, 0xF1,
+          0x0E, 0x00,
+          0x01, 0xAA,
+          0x03,
+          0x1E, 0x00,
+          0x50,
+          0x1E, 0x00,
+          0x50,
+          0xFF, 0xFF,
+          0xFF,
+          0x55, 0x00,
+          0xF8, 0xF7, 0xF6, 0xF5,
+        ]
+
+    # Phase 3 (t=300ms): Valid recovery frame with different values
+    # gate_0_move=50, light=42 — proves component recovered
+    - delay: 100ms
+      inject_rx:
+        [
+          0xF4, 0xF3, 0xF2, 0xF1,
+          0x2A, 0x00,
+          0x01, 0xAA,
+          0x03,
+          0x1E, 0x00,
+          0x64,
+          0x1E, 0x00,
+          0x64,
+          0x00, 0x00,
+          0x32, 0x20, 0x06, 0x0E, 0x2B, 0x16, 0x03, 0x03, 0x07, 0x05, 0x09, 0x08, 0x07, 0x06,
+          0x00, 0x00, 0x32, 0x32, 0x32, 0x32, 0x32, 0x32, 0x32, 0x28, 0x20, 0x18, 0x10, 0x08,
+          0x2A,
+          0x55, 0x00,
+          0xF8, 0xF7, 0xF6, 0xF5,
+        ]
+
+# Common filter definitions
+.sensor_filters: &sensor_filters
+  filters:
+    - timeout:
+        timeout: 50ms
+        value: last
+    - throttle_with_priority: 50ms
+
+.binary_filters: &binary_filters
+  filters:
+    - settle: 50ms
+
+ld2412:
+  id: ld2412_dev
+  uart_id: mock_uart
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: ld2412
+    ld2412_id: ld2412_dev
+    moving_distance:
+      name: "Moving Distance"
+      <<: *sensor_filters
+    still_distance:
+      name: "Still Distance"
+      <<: *sensor_filters
+    moving_energy:
+      name: "Moving Energy"
+      <<: *sensor_filters
+    still_energy:
+      name: "Still Energy"
+      <<: *sensor_filters
+    detection_distance:
+      name: "Detection Distance"
+      <<: *sensor_filters
+    light:
+      name: "Light"
+      <<: *sensor_filters
+    gate_0:
+      move_energy:
+        name: "Gate 0 Move Energy"
+        <<: *sensor_filters
+      still_energy:
+        name: "Gate 0 Still Energy"
+        <<: *sensor_filters
+
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: ld2412
+    ld2412_id: ld2412_dev
+    has_target:
+      name: "Has Target"
+      <<: *binary_filters
+    has_moving_target:
+      name: "Has Moving Target"
+      <<: *binary_filters
+    has_still_target:
+      name: "Has Still Target"
+      <<: *binary_filters
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Start Scenario"
+    id: start_scenario_btn
+    on_press:
+      - lambda: 'id(mock_uart).start_scenario();'
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2412.py b/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2412.py
index a964ba0073..9b928ef14f 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2412.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2412.py
@@ -14,6 +14,12 @@ test_uart_mock_ld2412_engineering (engineering mode):
   2. Multi-byte still distance (291cm) using high byte > 0
   3. Gate energy sensor values
   4. Detection distance computed from target state
+
+test_uart_mock_ld2412_engineering_truncated (truncated engineering mode):
+  1. Valid engineering frame establishes baseline sensor values
+  2. Truncated engineering frame (24 bytes) is rejected — gate/light sensors
+     must not receive garbage from stale buffer data or frame footer bytes
+  3. Recovery frame with different values proves the component survived
 """
 
 from __future__ import annotations
@@ -273,3 +279,122 @@ async def test_uart_mock_ld2412_engineering(
             )
 
         assert pytest.approx(291.0) in collector.sensor_states["detection_distance"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_uart_mock_ld2412_engineering_truncated(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test that truncated engineering mode frames don't corrupt sensor values.
+
+    Without the fix, a 24-byte engineering mode frame passes the old buffer_pos_ >= 12
+    check but reads indices 17-45 from stale buffer data, publishing garbage values
+    (e.g. frame footer bytes 0xF8=248 as gate energy).
+    """
+    external_components_path = str(
+        Path(__file__).parent / "fixtures" / "external_components"
+    )
+    yaml_config = yaml_config.replace(
+        "EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH", external_components_path
+    )
+
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+
+    # Track the truncated frame warning
+    truncated_warning_seen = loop.create_future()
+
+    def line_callback(line: str) -> None:
+        if (
+            "Engineering mode packet too short" in line
+            and not truncated_warning_seen.done()
+        ):
+            truncated_warning_seen.set_result(True)
+
+    collector = SensorStateCollector(
+        sensor_names=[
+            "moving_distance",
+            "still_distance",
+            "moving_energy",
+            "still_energy",
+            "detection_distance",
+            "light",
+            "gate_0_move_energy",
+            "gate_0_still_energy",
+        ],
+        binary_sensor_names=[
+            "has_target",
+            "has_moving_target",
+            "has_still_target",
+        ],
+    )
+
+    # Signal when we see Phase 3 recovery values (gate_0_move=50)
+    recovery_received = collector.add_waiter(
+        lambda: pytest.approx(50.0) in collector.sensor_states["gate_0_move_energy"]
+    )
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=line_callback),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        entities, _ = await client.list_entities_services()
+        collector.build_key_mapping(entities)
+
+        initial_state_helper = InitialStateHelper(entities)
+        client.subscribe_states(
+            initial_state_helper.on_state_wrapper(collector.on_state)
+        )
+
+        try:
+            await initial_state_helper.wait_for_initial_states()
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail("Timeout waiting for initial states")
+
+        start_btn = find_entity(entities, "start_scenario", ButtonInfo)
+        assert start_btn is not None, "Start Scenario button not found"
+        client.button_command(start_btn.key)
+
+        # Wait for Phase 1 — valid engineering frame establishes baseline
+        try:
+            await collector.wait_for_all(timeout=3.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(
+                f"Timeout waiting for Phase 1 frame. Received:\n"
+                f"  sensor_states: {collector.sensor_states}\n"
+                f"  binary_states: {collector.binary_states}"
+            )
+
+        # Phase 1 baseline: gate_0_move=100, light=87
+        assert collector.sensor_states["gate_0_move_energy"][0] == pytest.approx(100.0)
+        assert collector.sensor_states["light"][0] == pytest.approx(87.0)
+
+        # Wait for Phase 3 recovery frame (gate_0_move=50)
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(recovery_received, timeout=3.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(
+                f"Timeout waiting for recovery frame. Received:\n"
+                f"  gate_0_move_energy: {collector.sensor_states['gate_0_move_energy']}\n"
+                f"  light: {collector.sensor_states['light']}"
+            )
+
+        # Verify the truncated frame warning was logged
+        assert truncated_warning_seen.done(), (
+            "Expected 'Engineering mode packet too short' warning in logs"
+        )
+
+        # Phase 3 recovery: gate_0_move=50, light=42
+        assert pytest.approx(50.0) in collector.sensor_states["gate_0_move_energy"]
+        assert pytest.approx(42.0) in collector.sensor_states["light"]
+
+        # The critical assertion: gate_0_move_energy must never have received
+        # garbage values from the truncated frame. Without the fix,
+        # buffer_data_[17] = 0xFF = 255 would be published as gate_0_move.
+        for value in collector.sensor_states["gate_0_move_energy"]:
+            assert value == pytest.approx(100.0) or value == pytest.approx(50.0), (
+                f"gate_0_move_energy got unexpected value {value} — "
+                f"truncated frame likely leaked stale buffer data. "
+                f"All values: {collector.sensor_states['gate_0_move_energy']}"
+            )

From 00f809f5f001a1428f099f3e0846d2c5d848cdf3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tobias Stanzel <tobi.stanzel@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Mar 2026 02:45:20 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 504/609] [sen6x] fix memory leak issue (#14623)

Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@koston.org>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@home-assistant.io>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick+github@koston.org>
Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/sen6x/sen6x.cpp | 338 ++++++++++++++++-------------
 esphome/components/sen6x/sen6x.h   |   6 +
 2 files changed, 188 insertions(+), 156 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/sen6x/sen6x.cpp b/esphome/components/sen6x/sen6x.cpp
index baaadd6463..2a6ea64735 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sen6x/sen6x.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sen6x/sen6x.cpp
@@ -2,13 +2,16 @@
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include <cmath>
-#include <functional>
-#include <memory>
 
 namespace esphome::sen6x {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "sen6x";
 
+static constexpr uint8_t POLL_RETRIES = 24;     // 24 attempts
+static constexpr uint32_t I2C_READ_DELAY = 20;  // 20 ms to wait for I2C read to complete
+static constexpr uint32_t POLL_INTERVAL = 50;   // 50 ms between poll attempts
+// Single numeric timeout ID — the chain is sequential so only one is active at a time.
+static constexpr uint32_t TIMEOUT_POLL = 1;
 static constexpr uint16_t SEN6X_CMD_GET_DATA_READY_STATUS = 0x0202;
 static constexpr uint16_t SEN6X_CMD_GET_FIRMWARE_VERSION = 0xD100;
 static constexpr uint16_t SEN6X_CMD_GET_PRODUCT_NAME = 0xD014;
@@ -182,179 +185,202 @@ void SEN6XComponent::update() {
     return;
   }
 
-  uint16_t read_cmd;
-  uint8_t read_words;
-  set_read_command_and_words(this->sen6x_type_, read_cmd, read_words);
+  // Cancel any in-flight polling from a previous update() cycle.
+  this->cancel_timeout(TIMEOUT_POLL);
 
-  const uint8_t poll_retries = 24;
-  auto poll_ready = std::make_shared<std::function<void(uint8_t)>>();
-  *poll_ready = [this, poll_ready, read_cmd, read_words](uint8_t retries_left) {
-    const uint8_t attempt = static_cast<uint8_t>(poll_retries - retries_left + 1);
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Data ready polling attempt %u", attempt);
+  set_read_command_and_words(this->sen6x_type_, this->read_cmd_, this->read_words_);
 
-    if (!this->write_command(SEN6X_CMD_GET_DATA_READY_STATUS)) {
+  // Polling uses chained timeouts to guarantee each I2C operation completes
+  // before the next begins. The flow is:
+  //
+  //   poll_data_ready_()
+  //     -> write_command (data ready status)
+  //     -> timeout I2C_READ_DELAY
+  //       -> read_data (check ready flag)
+  //       -> if not ready: timeout POLL_INTERVAL -> poll_data_ready_() (retry)
+  //       -> if ready: read_measurements_()
+  //                      -> write_command (read measurement)
+  //                      -> timeout I2C_READ_DELAY
+  //                        -> parse_and_publish_measurements_()
+  //
+  // All timeouts share a single ID (TIMEOUT_POLL) since only one is active
+  // at a time. cancel_timeout in update() stops any in-flight chain.
+  this->poll_retries_remaining_ = POLL_RETRIES;
+  this->poll_data_ready_();
+}
+
+void SEN6XComponent::poll_data_ready_() {
+  if (this->poll_retries_remaining_ == 0) {
+    this->status_set_warning();
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Data not ready");
+    return;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Data ready polling attempt %u",
+           static_cast<unsigned>(POLL_RETRIES - this->poll_retries_remaining_ + 1));
+  this->poll_retries_remaining_--;
+
+  if (!this->write_command(SEN6X_CMD_GET_DATA_READY_STATUS)) {
+    this->status_set_warning();
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "write data ready status error (%d)", this->last_error_);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  this->set_timeout(TIMEOUT_POLL, I2C_READ_DELAY, [this]() {
+    uint16_t raw_read_status;
+    if (!this->read_data(&raw_read_status, 1)) {
       this->status_set_warning();
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "write data ready status error (%d)", this->last_error_);
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "read data ready status error (%d)", this->last_error_);
       return;
     }
 
-    this->set_timeout(20, [this, poll_ready, retries_left, read_cmd, read_words]() {
-      uint16_t raw_read_status;
-      if (!this->read_data(&raw_read_status, 1)) {
-        this->status_set_warning();
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "read data ready status error (%d)", this->last_error_);
-        return;
-      }
+    if ((raw_read_status & 0x0001) == 0) {
+      // Not ready yet; schedule next attempt after POLL_INTERVAL.
+      this->set_timeout(TIMEOUT_POLL, POLL_INTERVAL, [this]() { this->poll_data_ready_(); });
+      return;
+    }
 
-      if ((raw_read_status & 0x0001) == 0) {
-        if (retries_left == 0) {
-          this->status_set_warning();
-          ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Data not ready");
-          return;
-        }
-        this->set_timeout(50, [poll_ready, retries_left]() { (*poll_ready)(retries_left - 1); });
-        return;
-      }
+    this->read_measurements_();
+  });
+}
 
-      if (!this->write_command(read_cmd)) {
-        this->status_set_warning();
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Read measurement failed (%d)", this->last_error_);
-        return;
-      }
+void SEN6XComponent::read_measurements_() {
+  if (!this->write_command(this->read_cmd_)) {
+    this->status_set_warning();
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Read measurement failed (%d)", this->last_error_);
+    return;
+  }
 
-      this->set_timeout(20, [this, read_words]() {
-        uint16_t measurements[10];
+  this->set_timeout(TIMEOUT_POLL, I2C_READ_DELAY, [this]() { this->parse_and_publish_measurements_(); });
+}
 
-        if (!this->read_data(measurements, read_words)) {
-          this->status_set_warning();
-          ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Read data failed (%d)", this->last_error_);
-          return;
-        }
-        int8_t voc_index = -1;
-        int8_t nox_index = -1;
-        int8_t hcho_index = -1;
-        int8_t co2_index = -1;
-        bool co2_uint16 = false;
-        switch (this->sen6x_type_) {
-          case SEN62:
-            break;
-          case SEN63C:
-            co2_index = 6;
-            break;
-          case SEN65:
-            voc_index = 6;
-            nox_index = 7;
-            break;
-          case SEN66:
-            voc_index = 6;
-            nox_index = 7;
-            co2_index = 8;
-            co2_uint16 = true;
-            break;
-          case SEN68:
-            voc_index = 6;
-            nox_index = 7;
-            hcho_index = 8;
-            break;
-          case SEN69C:
-            voc_index = 6;
-            nox_index = 7;
-            hcho_index = 8;
-            co2_index = 9;
-            break;
-          default:
-            break;
-        }
+void SEN6XComponent::parse_and_publish_measurements_() {
+  uint16_t measurements[10];
 
-        float pm_1_0 = measurements[0] / 10.0f;
-        if (measurements[0] == 0xFFFF)
-          pm_1_0 = NAN;
-        float pm_2_5 = measurements[1] / 10.0f;
-        if (measurements[1] == 0xFFFF)
-          pm_2_5 = NAN;
-        float pm_4_0 = measurements[2] / 10.0f;
-        if (measurements[2] == 0xFFFF)
-          pm_4_0 = NAN;
-        float pm_10_0 = measurements[3] / 10.0f;
-        if (measurements[3] == 0xFFFF)
-          pm_10_0 = NAN;
-        float humidity = static_cast<int16_t>(measurements[4]) / 100.0f;
-        if (measurements[4] == 0x7FFF)
-          humidity = NAN;
-        float temperature = static_cast<int16_t>(measurements[5]) / 200.0f;
-        if (measurements[5] == 0x7FFF)
-          temperature = NAN;
+  if (!this->read_data(measurements, this->read_words_)) {
+    this->status_set_warning();
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Read data failed (%d)", this->last_error_);
+    return;
+  }
+  int8_t voc_index = -1;
+  int8_t nox_index = -1;
+  int8_t hcho_index = -1;
+  int8_t co2_index = -1;
+  bool co2_uint16 = false;
+  switch (this->sen6x_type_) {
+    case SEN62:
+      break;
+    case SEN63C:
+      co2_index = 6;
+      break;
+    case SEN65:
+      voc_index = 6;
+      nox_index = 7;
+      break;
+    case SEN66:
+      voc_index = 6;
+      nox_index = 7;
+      co2_index = 8;
+      co2_uint16 = true;
+      break;
+    case SEN68:
+      voc_index = 6;
+      nox_index = 7;
+      hcho_index = 8;
+      break;
+    case SEN69C:
+      voc_index = 6;
+      nox_index = 7;
+      hcho_index = 8;
+      co2_index = 9;
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
 
-        float voc = NAN;
-        float nox = NAN;
-        float hcho = NAN;
-        float co2 = NAN;
+  float pm_1_0 = measurements[0] / 10.0f;
+  if (measurements[0] == 0xFFFF)
+    pm_1_0 = NAN;
+  float pm_2_5 = measurements[1] / 10.0f;
+  if (measurements[1] == 0xFFFF)
+    pm_2_5 = NAN;
+  float pm_4_0 = measurements[2] / 10.0f;
+  if (measurements[2] == 0xFFFF)
+    pm_4_0 = NAN;
+  float pm_10_0 = measurements[3] / 10.0f;
+  if (measurements[3] == 0xFFFF)
+    pm_10_0 = NAN;
+  float humidity = static_cast<int16_t>(measurements[4]) / 100.0f;
+  if (measurements[4] == 0x7FFF)
+    humidity = NAN;
+  float temperature = static_cast<int16_t>(measurements[5]) / 200.0f;
+  if (measurements[5] == 0x7FFF)
+    temperature = NAN;
 
-        if (voc_index >= 0) {
-          voc = static_cast<int16_t>(measurements[voc_index]) / 10.0f;
-          if (measurements[voc_index] == 0x7FFF)
-            voc = NAN;
-        }
-        if (nox_index >= 0) {
-          nox = static_cast<int16_t>(measurements[nox_index]) / 10.0f;
-          if (measurements[nox_index] == 0x7FFF)
-            nox = NAN;
-        }
+  float voc = NAN;
+  float nox = NAN;
+  float hcho = NAN;
+  float co2 = NAN;
 
-        if (hcho_index >= 0) {
-          const uint16_t hcho_raw = measurements[hcho_index];
-          hcho = hcho_raw / 10.0f;
-          if (hcho_raw == 0xFFFF)
-            hcho = NAN;
-        }
+  if (voc_index >= 0) {
+    voc = static_cast<int16_t>(measurements[voc_index]) / 10.0f;
+    if (measurements[voc_index] == 0x7FFF)
+      voc = NAN;
+  }
+  if (nox_index >= 0) {
+    nox = static_cast<int16_t>(measurements[nox_index]) / 10.0f;
+    if (measurements[nox_index] == 0x7FFF)
+      nox = NAN;
+  }
 
-        if (co2_index >= 0) {
-          if (co2_uint16) {
-            const uint16_t co2_raw = measurements[co2_index];
-            co2 = static_cast<float>(co2_raw);
-            if (co2_raw == 0xFFFF)
-              co2 = NAN;
-          } else {
-            const int16_t co2_raw = static_cast<int16_t>(measurements[co2_index]);
-            co2 = static_cast<float>(co2_raw);
-            if (co2_raw == 0x7FFF)
-              co2 = NAN;
-          }
-        }
+  if (hcho_index >= 0) {
+    const uint16_t hcho_raw = measurements[hcho_index];
+    hcho = hcho_raw / 10.0f;
+    if (hcho_raw == 0xFFFF)
+      hcho = NAN;
+  }
 
-        if (!this->startup_complete_) {
-          ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Startup delay, ignoring values");
-          this->status_clear_warning();
-          return;
-        }
+  if (co2_index >= 0) {
+    if (co2_uint16) {
+      const uint16_t co2_raw = measurements[co2_index];
+      co2 = static_cast<float>(co2_raw);
+      if (co2_raw == 0xFFFF)
+        co2 = NAN;
+    } else {
+      const int16_t co2_raw = static_cast<int16_t>(measurements[co2_index]);
+      co2 = static_cast<float>(co2_raw);
+      if (co2_raw == 0x7FFF)
+        co2 = NAN;
+    }
+  }
 
-        if (this->pm_1_0_sensor_ != nullptr)
-          this->pm_1_0_sensor_->publish_state(pm_1_0);
-        if (this->pm_2_5_sensor_ != nullptr)
-          this->pm_2_5_sensor_->publish_state(pm_2_5);
-        if (this->pm_4_0_sensor_ != nullptr)
-          this->pm_4_0_sensor_->publish_state(pm_4_0);
-        if (this->pm_10_0_sensor_ != nullptr)
-          this->pm_10_0_sensor_->publish_state(pm_10_0);
-        if (this->temperature_sensor_ != nullptr)
-          this->temperature_sensor_->publish_state(temperature);
-        if (this->humidity_sensor_ != nullptr)
-          this->humidity_sensor_->publish_state(humidity);
-        if (this->voc_sensor_ != nullptr)
-          this->voc_sensor_->publish_state(voc);
-        if (this->nox_sensor_ != nullptr)
-          this->nox_sensor_->publish_state(nox);
-        if (this->hcho_sensor_ != nullptr)
-          this->hcho_sensor_->publish_state(hcho);
-        if (this->co2_sensor_ != nullptr)
-          this->co2_sensor_->publish_state(co2);
+  if (!this->startup_complete_) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Startup delay, ignoring values");
+    this->status_clear_warning();
+    return;
+  }
 
-        this->status_clear_warning();
-      });
-    });
-  };
+  if (this->pm_1_0_sensor_ != nullptr)
+    this->pm_1_0_sensor_->publish_state(pm_1_0);
+  if (this->pm_2_5_sensor_ != nullptr)
+    this->pm_2_5_sensor_->publish_state(pm_2_5);
+  if (this->pm_4_0_sensor_ != nullptr)
+    this->pm_4_0_sensor_->publish_state(pm_4_0);
+  if (this->pm_10_0_sensor_ != nullptr)
+    this->pm_10_0_sensor_->publish_state(pm_10_0);
+  if (this->temperature_sensor_ != nullptr)
+    this->temperature_sensor_->publish_state(temperature);
+  if (this->humidity_sensor_ != nullptr)
+    this->humidity_sensor_->publish_state(humidity);
+  if (this->voc_sensor_ != nullptr)
+    this->voc_sensor_->publish_state(voc);
+  if (this->nox_sensor_ != nullptr)
+    this->nox_sensor_->publish_state(nox);
+  if (this->hcho_sensor_ != nullptr)
+    this->hcho_sensor_->publish_state(hcho);
+  if (this->co2_sensor_ != nullptr)
+    this->co2_sensor_->publish_state(co2);
 
-  (*poll_ready)(poll_retries);
+  this->status_clear_warning();
 }
 
 SEN6XComponent::Sen6xType SEN6XComponent::infer_type_from_product_name_(const std::string &product_name) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/sen6x/sen6x.h b/esphome/components/sen6x/sen6x.h
index 01e89dce1b..bc44611882 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sen6x/sen6x.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sen6x/sen6x.h
@@ -30,13 +30,19 @@ class SEN6XComponent : public PollingComponent, public sensirion_common::Sensiri
 
  protected:
   Sen6xType infer_type_from_product_name_(const std::string &product_name);
+  void poll_data_ready_();
+  void read_measurements_();
+  void parse_and_publish_measurements_();
 
   bool initialized_{false};
   std::string product_name_;
   Sen6xType sen6x_type_{UNKNOWN};
   std::string serial_number_;
+  uint16_t read_cmd_{0};
   uint8_t firmware_version_major_{0};
   uint8_t firmware_version_minor_{0};
+  uint8_t poll_retries_remaining_{0};
+  uint8_t read_words_{0};
   bool startup_complete_{false};
 };
 

From e82f0f443223a4985bf2014fbf9b5f4130b2f4b8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Javier Peletier <jpeletier@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Mar 2026 03:41:02 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 505/609] [cpptests] support testing platform components
 (#13075)

Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@home-assistant.io>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@koston.org>
---
 esphome/core/__init__.py                      |  15 +
 esphome/loader.py                             |   5 +
 script/cpp_unit_test.py                       | 153 +++++++----
 script/helpers.py                             |  15 +-
 tests/components/README.md                    |  13 +
 .../binary_sensor/binary_sensor_test.cpp      |  77 ++++++
 .../components/packet_transport/cpp_test.yaml |  11 -
 .../packet_transport_test.cpp                 | 259 ------------------
 .../packet_transport/sensor/sensor_test.cpp   | 170 ++++++++++++
 tests/script/test_helpers.py                  |  67 +++++
 tests/unit_tests/test_core.py                 |  12 +
 11 files changed, 467 insertions(+), 330 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/components/packet_transport/binary_sensor/binary_sensor_test.cpp
 delete mode 100644 tests/components/packet_transport/cpp_test.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/components/packet_transport/sensor/sensor_test.cpp

diff --git a/esphome/core/__init__.py b/esphome/core/__init__.py
index 484f679369..a86478aca1 100644
--- a/esphome/core/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/core/__init__.py
@@ -615,6 +615,10 @@ class EsphomeCore:
         self.address_cache: AddressCache | None = None
         # Cached config hash (computed lazily)
         self._config_hash: int | None = None
+        # True if compiling for C++ unit tests
+        self.cpp_testing = False
+        # Allowlist of components whose to_code should run during C++ testing
+        self.cpp_testing_codegen: set[str] = set()
 
     def reset(self):
         from esphome.pins import PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY
@@ -644,6 +648,8 @@ class EsphomeCore:
         self.current_component = None
         self.address_cache = None
         self._config_hash = None
+        self.cpp_testing = False
+        self.cpp_testing_codegen = set()
         PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.reset()
 
     @contextmanager
@@ -987,6 +993,15 @@ class EsphomeCore:
         """
         self.platform_counts[platform_name] += 1
 
+    def testing_ensure_platform_registered(self, platform_name: str) -> None:
+        """Ensure a platform has at least one entity registered for testing.
+
+        Used during C++ test builds to guarantee USE_* defines are emitted
+        without needing a real component variable.
+        """
+        if not self.platform_counts[platform_name]:
+            self.platform_counts[platform_name] = 1
+
     def register_controller(self) -> None:
         """Track registration of a Controller for ControllerRegistry StaticVector sizing."""
         controller_count = self.data.setdefault(KEY_CONTROLLER_REGISTRY_COUNT, 0)
diff --git a/esphome/loader.py b/esphome/loader.py
index 968c8cf3e0..5771e07473 100644
--- a/esphome/loader.py
+++ b/esphome/loader.py
@@ -71,6 +71,11 @@ class ComponentManifest:
 
     @property
     def to_code(self) -> Callable[[Any], None] | None:
+        if CORE.cpp_testing:
+            # During C++ testing, only run to_code for allowlisted components
+            name = self.module.__package__.rsplit(".", 1)[-1]
+            if name not in CORE.cpp_testing_codegen:
+                return None
         return getattr(self.module, "to_code", None)
 
     @property
diff --git a/script/cpp_unit_test.py b/script/cpp_unit_test.py
index b87261ab33..e11687dc16 100755
--- a/script/cpp_unit_test.py
+++ b/script/cpp_unit_test.py
@@ -10,9 +10,10 @@ from helpers import get_all_components, get_all_dependencies, root_path
 
 from esphome.__main__ import command_compile, parse_args
 from esphome.config import validate_config
+from esphome.const import CONF_PLATFORM
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.loader import get_component
 from esphome.platformio_api import get_idedata
-from esphome.yaml_util import load_yaml
 
 # This must coincide with the version in /platformio.ini
 PLATFORMIO_GOOGLE_TEST_LIB = "google/googletest@^1.15.2"
@@ -20,6 +21,13 @@ PLATFORMIO_GOOGLE_TEST_LIB = "google/googletest@^1.15.2"
 # Path to /tests/components
 COMPONENTS_TESTS_DIR: Path = Path(root_path) / "tests" / "components"
 
+# Components whose to_code should run during C++ test builds.
+# Most components don't need code generation for tests; only these
+# essential ones (platform setup, logging, core config) are needed.
+# Note: "core" is the esphome core config module (esphome/core/config.py),
+# which registers under package name "core" not "esphome".
+CPP_TESTING_CODEGEN_COMPONENTS = {"core", "host", "logger"}
+
 
 def hash_components(components: list[str]) -> str:
     key = ",".join(components)
@@ -30,12 +38,14 @@ def filter_components_without_tests(components: list[str]) -> list[str]:
     """Filter out components that do not have a corresponding test file.
 
     This is done by checking if the component's directory contains at
-    least a .cpp file.
+    least a .cpp or .h file.
     """
     filtered_components: list[str] = []
     for component in components:
         test_dir = COMPONENTS_TESTS_DIR / component
-        if test_dir.is_dir() and any(test_dir.glob("*.cpp")):
+        if test_dir.is_dir() and (
+            any(test_dir.glob("*.cpp")) or any(test_dir.glob("*.h"))
+        ):
             filtered_components.append(component)
         else:
             print(
@@ -45,38 +55,6 @@ def filter_components_without_tests(components: list[str]) -> list[str]:
     return filtered_components
 
 
-# Name of optional per-component YAML config merged into the test build
-# before validation so that platform defines (USE_SENSOR, etc.) are generated.
-CPP_TEST_CONFIG_FILE = "cpp_test.yaml"
-
-
-def load_component_test_configs(components: list[str]) -> dict:
-    """Load cpp_test.yaml files from test component directories.
-
-    These configs are merged into the base test config *before* validation
-    so that entity registration runs during code generation, which causes
-    the corresponding USE_* defines to be emitted.
-    """
-    merged: dict = {}
-    for component in components:
-        config_file = COMPONENTS_TESTS_DIR / component / CPP_TEST_CONFIG_FILE
-        if not config_file.exists():
-            continue
-        component_config = load_yaml(config_file)
-        if not component_config:
-            continue
-        for key, value in component_config.items():
-            if (
-                key in merged
-                and isinstance(merged[key], list)
-                and isinstance(value, list)
-            ):
-                merged[key].extend(value)
-            else:
-                merged[key] = value
-    return merged
-
-
 def create_test_config(config_name: str, includes: list[str]) -> dict:
     """Create ESPHome test configuration for C++ unit tests.
 
@@ -113,11 +91,52 @@ def create_test_config(config_name: str, includes: list[str]) -> dict:
     }
 
 
+def get_platform_components(components: list[str]) -> list[str]:
+    """Discover platform sub-components referenced by test directory structure.
+
+    For each component being tested, any sub-directory named after a platform
+    domain (e.g. ``sensor``, ``binary_sensor``) is treated as a request to
+    include that ``<domain>.<component>`` platform in the build.  The sub-
+    directory must name a valid platform domain; anything else raises an error
+    so that typos are caught early.
+
+    Returns:
+        List of ``"domain.component"`` strings, one per discovered sub-directory.
+    """
+    platform_components: list[str] = []
+    for component in components:
+        test_dir = COMPONENTS_TESTS_DIR / component
+        if not test_dir.is_dir():
+            continue
+        # Each sub-directory name is expected to be a platform domain
+        # (e.g. tests/components/bthome/sensor/ → sensor.bthome).
+        for domain_dir in test_dir.iterdir():
+            if not domain_dir.is_dir():
+                continue
+            domain = domain_dir.name
+            domain_module = get_component(domain)
+            if domain_module is None or not domain_module.is_platform_component:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Component tests for '{component}' reference non-existing or invalid domain '{domain}'"
+                    f" in its directory structure. See ({COMPONENTS_TESTS_DIR / component / domain})."
+                )
+            platform_components.append(f"{domain}.{component}")
+    return platform_components
+
+
+# Exit codes for run_tests
+EXIT_OK = 0
+EXIT_SKIPPED = 1
+EXIT_COMPILE_ERROR = 2
+EXIT_CONFIG_ERROR = 3
+EXIT_NO_EXECUTABLE = 4
+
+
 def run_tests(selected_components: list[str]) -> int:
     # Skip tests on Windows
     if os.name == "nt":
         print("Skipping esphome tests on Windows", file=sys.stderr)
-        return 1
+        return EXIT_SKIPPED
 
     # Remove components that do not have tests
     components = filter_components_without_tests(selected_components)
@@ -127,45 +146,63 @@ def run_tests(selected_components: list[str]) -> int:
             "No components specified or no tests found for the specified components.",
             file=sys.stderr,
         )
-        return 0
+        return EXIT_OK
 
     components = sorted(components)
 
-    # Obtain possible dependencies for the requested components.
-    # Always include 'time' because USE_TIME_TIMEZONE is defined as a build flag,
-    # which causes core/time.h to include components/time/posix_tz.h.
-    components_with_dependencies = sorted(
-        get_all_dependencies(set(components) | {"time"})
-    )
-
-    # Build a list of include folders, one folder per component containing tests.
-    # A special replacement main.cpp is located in /tests/components/main.cpp
+    # Build a list of include folders relative to COMPONENTS_TESTS_DIR. These folders will
+    # be added along with their subfolders.
+    # "main.cpp" is a special entry that points to /tests/components/main.cpp,
+    # which provides a custom test runner entry-point replacing the default one.
+    # Each remaining entry is a component folder whose *.cpp files are compiled.
     includes: list[str] = ["main.cpp"] + components
 
+    # Obtain a list of platform components to be tested:
+    try:
+        platform_components = get_platform_components(components)
+    except ValueError as e:
+        print(f"Error obtaining platform components: {e}")
+        return EXIT_CONFIG_ERROR
+
+    components = sorted(components + platform_components)
+
     # Create a unique name for this config based on the actual components being tested
     # to maximize cache during testing
     config_name: str = "cpptests-" + hash_components(components)
 
-    config = create_test_config(config_name, includes)
+    # Obtain possible dependencies for the requested components.
+    # Always include 'time' because USE_TIME_TIMEZONE is defined as a build flag,
+    # which causes core/time.h to include components/time/posix_tz.h.
+    components_with_dependencies: list[str] = sorted(
+        get_all_dependencies(set(components) | {"time"}, cpp_testing=True)
+    )
 
-    # Merge component-specific test configs (e.g. sensor instances) before
-    # validation so that entity registration and USE_* defines work.
-    extra_config = load_component_test_configs(components)
-    config.update(extra_config)
+    config = create_test_config(config_name, includes)
 
     CORE.config_path = COMPONENTS_TESTS_DIR / "dummy.yaml"
     CORE.dashboard = None
+    CORE.cpp_testing = True
+    CORE.cpp_testing_codegen = CPP_TESTING_CODEGEN_COMPONENTS
 
     # Validate config will expand the above with defaults:
     config = validate_config(config, {})
 
     # Add all components and dependencies to the base configuration after validation, so their files
-    # are added to the build.  Use setdefault to avoid overwriting entries that were
-    # already validated (e.g. sensor instances from cpp_test.yaml).
-    for key in components_with_dependencies:
-        config.setdefault(key, {})
+    # are added to the build.
+    for component_name in components_with_dependencies:
+        if "." in component_name:
+            # Format is always "domain.component" (exactly one dot),
+            # as produced by get_platform_components().
+            domain, component = component_name.split(".", maxsplit=1)
+            domain_list = config.setdefault(domain, [])
+            CORE.testing_ensure_platform_registered(domain)
+            domain_list.append({CONF_PLATFORM: component})
+        else:
+            config.setdefault(component_name, [])
 
-    print(f"Testing components: {', '.join(components)}")
+    dependencies = set(components_with_dependencies) - set(components)
+    deps_str = ", ".join(dependencies) if dependencies else "None"
+    print(f"Testing components: {', '.join(components)}. Dependencies: {deps_str}")
     CORE.config = config
     args = parse_args(["program", "compile", str(CORE.config_path)])
     try:
@@ -178,13 +215,13 @@ def run_tests(selected_components: list[str]) -> int:
         print(
             f"Error compiling unit tests for {', '.join(components)}. Check path. : {e}"
         )
-        return 2
+        return EXIT_COMPILE_ERROR
 
     # After a successful compilation, locate the executable and run it:
     idedata = get_idedata(config)
     if idedata is None:
         print("Cannot find executable")
-        return 1
+        return EXIT_NO_EXECUTABLE
 
     program_path: str = idedata.raw["prog_path"]
     run_cmd: list[str] = [program_path]
diff --git a/script/helpers.py b/script/helpers.py
index d372d2a7ec..6ee286a657 100644
--- a/script/helpers.py
+++ b/script/helpers.py
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ from typing import Any
 
 import colorama
 
+from esphome.loader import get_platform
+
 root_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.normpath(os.path.join(__file__, "..", "..")))
 basepath = os.path.join(root_path, "esphome")
 temp_folder = os.path.join(root_path, ".temp")
@@ -624,11 +626,15 @@ def get_usable_cpu_count() -> int:
     )
 
 
-def get_all_dependencies(component_names: set[str]) -> set[str]:
+def get_all_dependencies(
+    component_names: set[str], cpp_testing: bool = False
+) -> set[str]:
     """Get all dependencies for a set of components.
 
     Args:
         component_names: Set of component names to get dependencies for
+        cpp_testing: If True, set CORE.cpp_testing so AUTO_LOAD callables that
+                     conditionally include testing-only dependencies work correctly
 
     Returns:
         Set of all components including dependencies and auto-loaded components
@@ -646,6 +652,7 @@ def get_all_dependencies(component_names: set[str]) -> set[str]:
 
     # Reset CORE to ensure clean state
     CORE.reset()
+    CORE.cpp_testing = cpp_testing
 
     # Set up fake config path for component loading
     root = Path(__file__).parent.parent
@@ -660,7 +667,11 @@ def get_all_dependencies(component_names: set[str]) -> set[str]:
         new_components: set[str] = set()
 
         for comp_name in all_components:
-            comp = get_component(comp_name)
+            if "." in comp_name:
+                domain, platform = comp_name.split(".", maxsplit=1)
+                comp = get_platform(domain, platform)
+            else:
+                comp = get_component(comp_name)
             if not comp:
                 continue
 
diff --git a/tests/components/README.md b/tests/components/README.md
index 0901f2ef17..6da0dadd25 100644
--- a/tests/components/README.md
+++ b/tests/components/README.md
@@ -7,10 +7,23 @@
 testing binaries that combine many components. By convention, this unique namespace is `esphome::component::testing`
 (where "component" is the component under test), for example: `esphome::uart::testing`.
 
+### Platform components
+
+For components that expose to a platform component, create a folder under your component test folder with the platform component name, e.g. `binary_sensor` and
+include the relevant `.cpp` and `.h` test files there.
+
+### Override component code generation for testing
+
+When generating code for testing, ESPHome won't invoke the component's `to_code` function, since most components do not
+need to generate configuration code for testing.
+
+If you do need to generate code to for example configure compilation flags or add libraries,
+add the component name to the `CPP_TESTING_CODEGEN_COMPONENTS` allowlist in `script/cpp_unit_test.py`.
 
 ## Running component unit tests
 
 (from the repository root)
+
 ```bash
 ./script/cpp_unit_test.py component1 component2 ...
 ```
diff --git a/tests/components/packet_transport/binary_sensor/binary_sensor_test.cpp b/tests/components/packet_transport/binary_sensor/binary_sensor_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..36af087d2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/packet_transport/binary_sensor/binary_sensor_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#include "../common.h"
+
+namespace esphome::packet_transport::testing {
+
+TEST(PacketTransportBinarySensorTest, AddBinarySensor) {
+  TestablePacketTransport transport;
+  binary_sensor::BinarySensor bs;
+  transport.add_binary_sensor("motion", &bs);
+  ASSERT_EQ(transport.binary_sensors_.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_STREQ(transport.binary_sensors_[0].id, "motion");
+  EXPECT_EQ(transport.binary_sensors_[0].sensor, &bs);
+}
+
+TEST(PacketTransportBinarySensorTest, AddRemoteBinarySensor) {
+  TestablePacketTransport transport;
+  binary_sensor::BinarySensor bs;
+  transport.add_remote_binary_sensor("host1", "remote_motion", &bs);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(transport.providers_.contains("host1"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(transport.remote_binary_sensors_["host1"]["remote_motion"], &bs);
+}
+
+TEST(PacketTransportBinarySensorTest, UnencryptedBinarySensorRoundTrip) {
+  TestablePacketTransport encoder;
+  encoder.init_for_test("sender");
+  binary_sensor::BinarySensor local_bs;
+  local_bs.state = true;
+  encoder.add_binary_sensor("motion", &local_bs);
+
+  encoder.send_data_(true);
+  ASSERT_EQ(encoder.sent_packets.size(), 1u);
+
+  TestablePacketTransport decoder;
+  decoder.init_for_test("receiver");
+  binary_sensor::BinarySensor remote_bs;
+  decoder.add_remote_binary_sensor("sender", "motion", &remote_bs);
+
+  auto &packet = encoder.sent_packets[0];
+  decoder.process_({packet.data(), packet.size()});
+  EXPECT_TRUE(remote_bs.state);
+}
+
+TEST(PacketTransportBinarySensorTest, MultipleSensorsRoundTrip) {
+  TestablePacketTransport encoder;
+  encoder.init_for_test("sender");
+
+  sensor::Sensor s1, s2;
+  s1.state = 10.0f;
+  s2.state = 20.0f;
+  encoder.add_sensor("s1", &s1);
+  encoder.add_sensor("s2", &s2);
+
+  binary_sensor::BinarySensor bs1;
+  bs1.state = true;
+  encoder.add_binary_sensor("bs1", &bs1);
+
+  encoder.send_data_(true);
+  ASSERT_EQ(encoder.sent_packets.size(), 1u);
+
+  TestablePacketTransport decoder;
+  decoder.init_for_test("receiver");
+  sensor::Sensor rs1, rs2;
+  binary_sensor::BinarySensor rbs1;
+  rs1.state = -999.0f;
+  rs2.state = -999.0f;
+  decoder.add_remote_sensor("sender", "s1", &rs1);
+  decoder.add_remote_sensor("sender", "s2", &rs2);
+  decoder.add_remote_binary_sensor("sender", "bs1", &rbs1);
+
+  auto &packet = encoder.sent_packets[0];
+  decoder.process_({packet.data(), packet.size()});
+
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(rs1.state, 10.0f);
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(rs2.state, 20.0f);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(rbs1.state);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::packet_transport::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/packet_transport/cpp_test.yaml b/tests/components/packet_transport/cpp_test.yaml
deleted file mode 100644
index fa39df3c0a..0000000000
--- a/tests/components/packet_transport/cpp_test.yaml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-# Extra component configuration required by C++ unit tests.
-# Loaded by cpp_unit_test.py and merged into the test build config
-# before validation, so that platform defines (USE_SENSOR, etc.) are generated.
-
-sensor:
-  - platform: template
-    id: test_cpp_sensor
-
-binary_sensor:
-  - platform: template
-    id: test_cpp_binary_sensor
diff --git a/tests/components/packet_transport/packet_transport_test.cpp b/tests/components/packet_transport/packet_transport_test.cpp
index d8f11ca607..59c0a88ed7 100644
--- a/tests/components/packet_transport/packet_transport_test.cpp
+++ b/tests/components/packet_transport/packet_transport_test.cpp
@@ -65,198 +65,6 @@ TEST(PacketTransportTest, SetProviderEncryption) {
   EXPECT_EQ(transport.providers_["host1"].encryption_key, key);
 }
 
-// --- Sensor management (requires USE_SENSOR / USE_BINARY_SENSOR) ---
-
-#ifdef USE_SENSOR
-TEST(PacketTransportTest, AddSensor) {
-  TestablePacketTransport transport;
-  sensor::Sensor s;
-  transport.add_sensor("temp", &s);
-  ASSERT_EQ(transport.sensors_.size(), 1u);
-  EXPECT_STREQ(transport.sensors_[0].id, "temp");
-  EXPECT_EQ(transport.sensors_[0].sensor, &s);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(transport.sensors_[0].updated);
-}
-
-TEST(PacketTransportTest, AddRemoteSensor) {
-  TestablePacketTransport transport;
-  sensor::Sensor s;
-  transport.add_remote_sensor("host1", "remote_temp", &s);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(transport.providers_.contains("host1"));
-  EXPECT_EQ(transport.remote_sensors_["host1"]["remote_temp"], &s);
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
-TEST(PacketTransportTest, AddBinarySensor) {
-  TestablePacketTransport transport;
-  binary_sensor::BinarySensor bs;
-  transport.add_binary_sensor("motion", &bs);
-  ASSERT_EQ(transport.binary_sensors_.size(), 1u);
-  EXPECT_STREQ(transport.binary_sensors_[0].id, "motion");
-  EXPECT_EQ(transport.binary_sensors_[0].sensor, &bs);
-}
-
-TEST(PacketTransportTest, AddRemoteBinarySensor) {
-  TestablePacketTransport transport;
-  binary_sensor::BinarySensor bs;
-  transport.add_remote_binary_sensor("host1", "remote_motion", &bs);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(transport.providers_.contains("host1"));
-  EXPECT_EQ(transport.remote_binary_sensors_["host1"]["remote_motion"], &bs);
-}
-#endif
-
-// --- Unencrypted round-trip tests (require USE_SENSOR / USE_BINARY_SENSOR) ---
-
-#ifdef USE_SENSOR
-TEST(PacketTransportTest, UnencryptedSensorRoundTrip) {
-  // Encoder
-  TestablePacketTransport encoder;
-  encoder.init_for_test("sender");
-  sensor::Sensor local_sensor;
-  local_sensor.state = 42.5f;
-  encoder.add_sensor("temp", &local_sensor);
-
-  encoder.send_data_(true);
-  ASSERT_EQ(encoder.sent_packets.size(), 1u);
-
-  // Decoder
-  TestablePacketTransport decoder;
-  decoder.init_for_test("receiver");
-  sensor::Sensor remote_sensor;
-  remote_sensor.state = -999.0f;  // sentinel
-  decoder.add_remote_sensor("sender", "temp", &remote_sensor);
-
-  auto &packet = encoder.sent_packets[0];
-  decoder.process_({packet.data(), packet.size()});
-  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(remote_sensor.state, 42.5f);
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
-TEST(PacketTransportTest, UnencryptedBinarySensorRoundTrip) {
-  TestablePacketTransport encoder;
-  encoder.init_for_test("sender");
-  binary_sensor::BinarySensor local_bs;
-  local_bs.state = true;
-  encoder.add_binary_sensor("motion", &local_bs);
-
-  encoder.send_data_(true);
-  ASSERT_EQ(encoder.sent_packets.size(), 1u);
-
-  TestablePacketTransport decoder;
-  decoder.init_for_test("receiver");
-  binary_sensor::BinarySensor remote_bs;
-  decoder.add_remote_binary_sensor("sender", "motion", &remote_bs);
-
-  auto &packet = encoder.sent_packets[0];
-  decoder.process_({packet.data(), packet.size()});
-  EXPECT_TRUE(remote_bs.state);
-}
-#endif
-
-#if defined(USE_SENSOR) && defined(USE_BINARY_SENSOR)
-TEST(PacketTransportTest, MultipleSensorsRoundTrip) {
-  TestablePacketTransport encoder;
-  encoder.init_for_test("sender");
-
-  sensor::Sensor s1, s2;
-  s1.state = 10.0f;
-  s2.state = 20.0f;
-  encoder.add_sensor("s1", &s1);
-  encoder.add_sensor("s2", &s2);
-
-  binary_sensor::BinarySensor bs1;
-  bs1.state = true;
-  encoder.add_binary_sensor("bs1", &bs1);
-
-  encoder.send_data_(true);
-  ASSERT_EQ(encoder.sent_packets.size(), 1u);
-
-  TestablePacketTransport decoder;
-  decoder.init_for_test("receiver");
-  sensor::Sensor rs1, rs2;
-  binary_sensor::BinarySensor rbs1;
-  rs1.state = -999.0f;
-  rs2.state = -999.0f;
-  decoder.add_remote_sensor("sender", "s1", &rs1);
-  decoder.add_remote_sensor("sender", "s2", &rs2);
-  decoder.add_remote_binary_sensor("sender", "bs1", &rbs1);
-
-  auto &packet = encoder.sent_packets[0];
-  decoder.process_({packet.data(), packet.size()});
-
-  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(rs1.state, 10.0f);
-  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(rs2.state, 20.0f);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(rbs1.state);
-}
-#endif
-
-// --- Encrypted round-trip ---
-
-#ifdef USE_SENSOR
-TEST(PacketTransportTest, EncryptedSensorRoundTrip) {
-  std::vector<uint8_t> key(32);
-  for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++)
-    key[i] = i;
-
-  TestablePacketTransport encoder;
-  encoder.init_for_test("sender");
-  encoder.set_encryption_key(key);
-  sensor::Sensor local_sensor;
-  local_sensor.state = 99.9f;
-  encoder.add_sensor("temp", &local_sensor);
-
-  encoder.send_data_(true);
-  ASSERT_EQ(encoder.sent_packets.size(), 1u);
-
-  TestablePacketTransport decoder;
-  decoder.init_for_test("receiver");
-  sensor::Sensor remote_sensor;
-  remote_sensor.state = -999.0f;
-  decoder.add_remote_sensor("sender", "temp", &remote_sensor);
-  decoder.set_provider_encryption("sender", key);
-
-  auto &packet = encoder.sent_packets[0];
-  decoder.process_({packet.data(), packet.size()});
-  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(remote_sensor.state, 99.9f);
-}
-
-// --- Selective send ---
-
-TEST(PacketTransportTest, SendDataOnlyUpdated) {
-  TestablePacketTransport encoder;
-  encoder.init_for_test("sender");
-
-  sensor::Sensor s1, s2;
-  s1.state = 1.0f;
-  s2.state = 2.0f;
-  encoder.add_sensor("s1", &s1);
-  encoder.add_sensor("s2", &s2);
-
-  // Mark s1 as not updated, only s2 as updated
-  encoder.sensors_[0].updated = false;
-  encoder.sensors_[1].updated = true;
-
-  encoder.send_data_(false);
-  ASSERT_EQ(encoder.sent_packets.size(), 1u);
-
-  TestablePacketTransport decoder;
-  decoder.init_for_test("receiver");
-  sensor::Sensor rs1, rs2;
-  rs1.state = -999.0f;
-  rs2.state = -999.0f;
-  decoder.add_remote_sensor("sender", "s1", &rs1);
-  decoder.add_remote_sensor("sender", "s2", &rs2);
-
-  auto &packet = encoder.sent_packets[0];
-  decoder.process_({packet.data(), packet.size()});
-
-  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(rs1.state, -999.0f);  // not updated, not sent
-  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(rs2.state, 2.0f);     // updated, sent
-}
-#endif
-
 // --- Ping key tests ---
 
 TEST(PacketTransportTest, PingKeyStoredWhenEncrypted) {
@@ -319,73 +127,6 @@ TEST(PacketTransportTest, PingKeyMaxLimit) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(transport.ping_keys_.contains("host4"));
 }
 
-#ifdef USE_SENSOR
-TEST(PacketTransportTest, PingKeyIncludedInTransmittedPacket) {
-  std::vector<uint8_t> key(32, 0xBB);
-
-  // Responder: encrypted, owns a sensor
-  TestablePacketTransport responder;
-  responder.init_for_test("responder");
-  responder.set_encryption_key(key);
-  sensor::Sensor local_sensor;
-  local_sensor.state = 77.7f;
-  responder.add_sensor("temp", &local_sensor);
-
-  // Requester sends a MAGIC_PING that the responder processes
-  auto ping = build_ping_packet("requester", 0xDEADBEEF);
-  responder.process_({ping.data(), ping.size()});
-  ASSERT_EQ(responder.ping_keys_.size(), 1u);
-
-  // Responder sends sensor data — ping key should be embedded
-  responder.send_data_(true);
-  ASSERT_EQ(responder.sent_packets.size(), 1u);
-
-  // Requester: encrypted provider, ping-pong enabled, expects key 0xDEADBEEF
-  TestablePacketTransport requester;
-  requester.init_for_test("requester");
-  requester.set_ping_pong_enable(true);
-  requester.ping_key_ = 0xDEADBEEF;
-  sensor::Sensor remote_sensor;
-  remote_sensor.state = -999.0f;
-  requester.add_remote_sensor("responder", "temp", &remote_sensor);
-  requester.set_provider_encryption("responder", key);
-
-  // The requester decrypts the packet and finds its ping key echoed back,
-  // which gates the sensor data — if the key is missing, data is blocked.
-  auto &packet = responder.sent_packets[0];
-  requester.process_({packet.data(), packet.size()});
-  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(remote_sensor.state, 77.7f);
-}
-
-TEST(PacketTransportTest, MissingPingKeyBlocksSensorData) {
-  std::vector<uint8_t> key(32, 0xBB);
-
-  // Responder sends data WITHOUT receiving any MAGIC_PING first — no ping keys
-  TestablePacketTransport responder;
-  responder.init_for_test("responder");
-  responder.set_encryption_key(key);
-  sensor::Sensor local_sensor;
-  local_sensor.state = 77.7f;
-  responder.add_sensor("temp", &local_sensor);
-  responder.send_data_(true);
-  ASSERT_EQ(responder.sent_packets.size(), 1u);
-
-  // Requester with ping-pong enabled expects a key that isn't in the packet
-  TestablePacketTransport requester;
-  requester.init_for_test("requester");
-  requester.set_ping_pong_enable(true);
-  requester.ping_key_ = 0xDEADBEEF;
-  sensor::Sensor remote_sensor;
-  remote_sensor.state = -999.0f;
-  requester.add_remote_sensor("responder", "temp", &remote_sensor);
-  requester.set_provider_encryption("responder", key);
-
-  auto &packet = responder.sent_packets[0];
-  requester.process_({packet.data(), packet.size()});
-  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(remote_sensor.state, -999.0f);  // blocked — ping key not found
-}
-#endif
-
 // --- Process error handling ---
 
 TEST(PacketTransportTest, ProcessShortBuffer) {
diff --git a/tests/components/packet_transport/sensor/sensor_test.cpp b/tests/components/packet_transport/sensor/sensor_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2f681aee58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/packet_transport/sensor/sensor_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+#include "../common.h"
+
+namespace esphome::packet_transport::testing {
+
+TEST(PacketTransportSensorTest, AddSensor) {
+  TestablePacketTransport transport;
+  sensor::Sensor s;
+  transport.add_sensor("temp", &s);
+  ASSERT_EQ(transport.sensors_.size(), 1u);
+  EXPECT_STREQ(transport.sensors_[0].id, "temp");
+  EXPECT_EQ(transport.sensors_[0].sensor, &s);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(transport.sensors_[0].updated);
+}
+
+TEST(PacketTransportSensorTest, AddRemoteSensor) {
+  TestablePacketTransport transport;
+  sensor::Sensor s;
+  transport.add_remote_sensor("host1", "remote_temp", &s);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(transport.providers_.contains("host1"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(transport.remote_sensors_["host1"]["remote_temp"], &s);
+}
+
+TEST(PacketTransportSensorTest, UnencryptedSensorRoundTrip) {
+  // Encoder
+  TestablePacketTransport encoder;
+  encoder.init_for_test("sender");
+  sensor::Sensor local_sensor;
+  local_sensor.state = 42.5f;
+  encoder.add_sensor("temp", &local_sensor);
+
+  encoder.send_data_(true);
+  ASSERT_EQ(encoder.sent_packets.size(), 1u);
+
+  // Decoder
+  TestablePacketTransport decoder;
+  decoder.init_for_test("receiver");
+  sensor::Sensor remote_sensor;
+  remote_sensor.state = -999.0f;  // sentinel
+  decoder.add_remote_sensor("sender", "temp", &remote_sensor);
+
+  auto &packet = encoder.sent_packets[0];
+  decoder.process_({packet.data(), packet.size()});
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(remote_sensor.state, 42.5f);
+}
+
+TEST(PacketTransportSensorTest, EncryptedSensorRoundTrip) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> key(32);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++)
+    key[i] = i;
+
+  TestablePacketTransport encoder;
+  encoder.init_for_test("sender");
+  encoder.set_encryption_key(key);
+  sensor::Sensor local_sensor;
+  local_sensor.state = 99.9f;
+  encoder.add_sensor("temp", &local_sensor);
+
+  encoder.send_data_(true);
+  ASSERT_EQ(encoder.sent_packets.size(), 1u);
+
+  TestablePacketTransport decoder;
+  decoder.init_for_test("receiver");
+  sensor::Sensor remote_sensor;
+  remote_sensor.state = -999.0f;
+  decoder.add_remote_sensor("sender", "temp", &remote_sensor);
+  decoder.set_provider_encryption("sender", key);
+
+  auto &packet = encoder.sent_packets[0];
+  decoder.process_({packet.data(), packet.size()});
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(remote_sensor.state, 99.9f);
+}
+
+TEST(PacketTransportSensorTest, SendDataOnlyUpdated) {
+  TestablePacketTransport encoder;
+  encoder.init_for_test("sender");
+
+  sensor::Sensor s1, s2;
+  s1.state = 1.0f;
+  s2.state = 2.0f;
+  encoder.add_sensor("s1", &s1);
+  encoder.add_sensor("s2", &s2);
+
+  // Mark s1 as not updated, only s2 as updated
+  encoder.sensors_[0].updated = false;
+  encoder.sensors_[1].updated = true;
+
+  encoder.send_data_(false);
+  ASSERT_EQ(encoder.sent_packets.size(), 1u);
+
+  TestablePacketTransport decoder;
+  decoder.init_for_test("receiver");
+  sensor::Sensor rs1, rs2;
+  rs1.state = -999.0f;
+  rs2.state = -999.0f;
+  decoder.add_remote_sensor("sender", "s1", &rs1);
+  decoder.add_remote_sensor("sender", "s2", &rs2);
+
+  auto &packet = encoder.sent_packets[0];
+  decoder.process_({packet.data(), packet.size()});
+
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(rs1.state, -999.0f);  // not updated, not sent
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(rs2.state, 2.0f);     // updated, sent
+}
+
+TEST(PacketTransportSensorTest, PingKeyIncludedInTransmittedPacket) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> key(32, 0xBB);
+
+  // Responder: encrypted, owns a sensor
+  TestablePacketTransport responder;
+  responder.init_for_test("responder");
+  responder.set_encryption_key(key);
+  sensor::Sensor local_sensor;
+  local_sensor.state = 77.7f;
+  responder.add_sensor("temp", &local_sensor);
+
+  // Requester sends a MAGIC_PING that the responder processes
+  auto ping = build_ping_packet("requester", 0xDEADBEEF);
+  responder.process_({ping.data(), ping.size()});
+  ASSERT_EQ(responder.ping_keys_.size(), 1u);
+
+  // Responder sends sensor data — ping key should be embedded
+  responder.send_data_(true);
+  ASSERT_EQ(responder.sent_packets.size(), 1u);
+
+  // Requester: encrypted provider, ping-pong enabled, expects key 0xDEADBEEF
+  TestablePacketTransport requester;
+  requester.init_for_test("requester");
+  requester.set_ping_pong_enable(true);
+  requester.ping_key_ = 0xDEADBEEF;
+  sensor::Sensor remote_sensor;
+  remote_sensor.state = -999.0f;
+  requester.add_remote_sensor("responder", "temp", &remote_sensor);
+  requester.set_provider_encryption("responder", key);
+
+  // The requester decrypts the packet and finds its ping key echoed back,
+  // which gates the sensor data — if the key is missing, data is blocked.
+  auto &packet = responder.sent_packets[0];
+  requester.process_({packet.data(), packet.size()});
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(remote_sensor.state, 77.7f);
+}
+
+TEST(PacketTransportSensorTest, MissingPingKeyBlocksSensorData) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> key(32, 0xBB);
+
+  // Responder sends data WITHOUT receiving any MAGIC_PING first — no ping keys
+  TestablePacketTransport responder;
+  responder.init_for_test("responder");
+  responder.set_encryption_key(key);
+  sensor::Sensor local_sensor;
+  local_sensor.state = 77.7f;
+  responder.add_sensor("temp", &local_sensor);
+  responder.send_data_(true);
+  ASSERT_EQ(responder.sent_packets.size(), 1u);
+
+  // Requester with ping-pong enabled expects a key that isn't in the packet
+  TestablePacketTransport requester;
+  requester.init_for_test("requester");
+  requester.set_ping_pong_enable(true);
+  requester.ping_key_ = 0xDEADBEEF;
+  sensor::Sensor remote_sensor;
+  remote_sensor.state = -999.0f;
+  requester.add_remote_sensor("responder", "temp", &remote_sensor);
+  requester.set_provider_encryption("responder", key);
+
+  auto &packet = responder.sent_packets[0];
+  requester.process_({packet.data(), packet.size()});
+  EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(remote_sensor.state, -999.0f);  // blocked — ping key not found
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::packet_transport::testing
diff --git a/tests/script/test_helpers.py b/tests/script/test_helpers.py
index 2953a9fd42..781054eb3b 100644
--- a/tests/script/test_helpers.py
+++ b/tests/script/test_helpers.py
@@ -1027,6 +1027,73 @@ def test_get_all_dependencies_empty_set() -> None:
     assert result == set()
 
 
+def test_get_all_dependencies_platform_component() -> None:
+    """Platform components (domain.component) are looked up via get_platform,
+    not get_component."""
+    platform_comp = Mock()
+    platform_comp.dependencies = []
+    platform_comp.auto_load = []
+
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.loader.get_component") as mock_get_component,
+        patch("helpers.get_platform") as mock_get_platform,
+    ):
+        mock_get_platform.return_value = platform_comp
+        mock_get_component.return_value = None
+
+        result = helpers.get_all_dependencies({"sensor.bthome"})
+
+        mock_get_platform.assert_called_once_with("sensor", "bthome")
+        mock_get_component.assert_not_called()
+        assert result == {"sensor.bthome"}
+
+
+def test_get_all_dependencies_platform_component_with_dependencies() -> None:
+    """Dependencies of a platform component are resolved transitively."""
+    platform_comp = Mock()
+    platform_comp.dependencies = ["sensor"]
+    platform_comp.auto_load = []
+
+    sensor_comp = Mock()
+    sensor_comp.dependencies = []
+    sensor_comp.auto_load = []
+
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.loader.get_component") as mock_get_component,
+        patch("helpers.get_platform") as mock_get_platform,
+    ):
+        mock_get_platform.return_value = platform_comp
+        mock_get_component.side_effect = lambda name: (
+            sensor_comp if name == "sensor" else None
+        )
+
+        result = helpers.get_all_dependencies({"sensor.bthome"})
+
+        assert result == {"sensor.bthome", "sensor"}
+
+
+def test_get_all_dependencies_cpp_testing_flag() -> None:
+    """cpp_testing=True propagates to CORE.cpp_testing during resolution."""
+    from esphome.core import CORE
+
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.loader.get_component") as mock_get_component,
+        patch("esphome.loader.get_platform"),
+    ):
+        observed: list[bool] = []
+
+        def capturing_get_component(name: str):
+            observed.append(CORE.cpp_testing)
+
+        mock_get_component.side_effect = capturing_get_component
+
+        helpers.get_all_dependencies({"some_comp"}, cpp_testing=True)
+
+    assert observed and all(observed), (
+        "CORE.cpp_testing should be True during resolution"
+    )
+
+
 def test_get_components_from_integration_fixtures() -> None:
     """Test extraction of components from fixture YAML files."""
     yaml_content = {
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_core.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_core.py
index 174b3fec85..22be59653a 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_core.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_core.py
@@ -841,6 +841,18 @@ class TestEsphomeCore:
 
         assert "WiFi" in target.platformio_libraries
 
+    def test_testing_ensure_platform_registered__sets_count(self, target):
+        """Test testing_ensure_platform_registered sets count to 1 for new platform."""
+        assert target.platform_counts["sensor"] == 0
+        target.testing_ensure_platform_registered("sensor")
+        assert target.platform_counts["sensor"] == 1
+
+    def test_testing_ensure_platform_registered__does_not_overwrite(self, target):
+        """Test testing_ensure_platform_registered preserves existing count."""
+        target.platform_counts["sensor"] = 3
+        target.testing_ensure_platform_registered("sensor")
+        assert target.platform_counts["sensor"] == 3
+
     def test_add_library__extracts_short_name_from_path(self, target):
         """Test add_library extracts short name from library paths like owner/lib."""
         target.data[const.KEY_CORE] = {

From 4b50d14496896181d261a3c8a9dc5b4d4a062bda Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2026 21:10:03 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 506/609] [serial_proxy] Reduce loop() overhead by disabling
 when idle and splitting read path (#14673)

---
 .../components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.cpp  | 29 ++++++++++++++-----
 .../components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h    |  5 ++++
 2 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.cpp b/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.cpp
index 340f9b0cb8..00d822b75c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.cpp
@@ -28,25 +28,38 @@ void SerialProxy::setup() {
   // instance_index_ is fixed at registration time; pre-set it so loop() only needs to update data
   this->outgoing_msg_.instance = this->instance_index_;
 #endif
+  // No subscriber at startup; disable loop until a client subscribes
+  this->disable_loop();
 }
 
 void SerialProxy::loop() {
 #ifdef USE_API
-  // Detect subscriber disconnect
-  if (this->api_connection_ != nullptr && (this->api_connection_->is_marked_for_removal() ||
-                                           !this->api_connection_->is_connection_setup() || !api_is_connected())) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Subscriber disconnected");
-    this->api_connection_ = nullptr;
+  // Safety check — loop should only run when subscribed, but guard against races
+  if (this->api_connection_ == nullptr) [[unlikely]] {
+    this->disable_loop();
+    return;
   }
 
-  if (this->api_connection_ == nullptr)
+  // Detect subscriber disconnect
+  if (this->api_connection_->is_marked_for_removal() || !this->api_connection_->is_connection_setup() ||
+      !api_is_connected()) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Subscriber disconnected");
+    this->api_connection_ = nullptr;
+    this->disable_loop();
     return;
+  }
 
   // Read available data from UART and forward to subscribed client
   size_t available = this->available();
   if (available == 0)
     return;
 
+  this->read_and_send_(available);
+#endif
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_API
+void __attribute__((noinline)) SerialProxy::read_and_send_(size_t available) {
   // Read in chunks up to SERIAL_PROXY_MAX_READ_SIZE
   uint8_t buffer[SERIAL_PROXY_MAX_READ_SIZE];
   size_t to_read = std::min(available, sizeof(buffer));
@@ -56,8 +69,8 @@ void SerialProxy::loop() {
 
   this->outgoing_msg_.set_data(buffer, to_read);
   this->api_connection_->send_serial_proxy_data(this->outgoing_msg_);
-#endif
 }
+#endif
 
 void SerialProxy::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
@@ -166,6 +179,7 @@ void SerialProxy::serial_proxy_request(api::APIConnection *api_connection, api::
         return;
       }
       this->api_connection_ = api_connection;
+      this->enable_loop();
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "API connection subscribed to serial proxy [%u]", this->instance_index_);
       break;
     case api::enums::SERIAL_PROXY_REQUEST_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE:
@@ -174,6 +188,7 @@ void SerialProxy::serial_proxy_request(api::APIConnection *api_connection, api::
         return;
       }
       this->api_connection_ = nullptr;
+      this->disable_loop();
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "API connection unsubscribed from serial proxy [%u]", this->instance_index_);
       break;
     default:
diff --git a/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h b/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h
index 62f942b19d..5adfa4fe53 100644
--- a/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h
+++ b/esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h
@@ -101,6 +101,11 @@ class SerialProxy : public uart::UARTDevice, public Component {
   void set_dtr_pin(GPIOPin *pin) { this->dtr_pin_ = pin; }
 
  protected:
+#ifdef USE_API
+  /// Read from UART and send to API client (slow path with 256-byte stack buffer)
+  void read_and_send_(size_t available);
+#endif
+
   /// Instance index for identifying this proxy in API messages
   uint32_t instance_index_{0};
 

From fba21e6dd4bd321d4b0ee3b31869e81fee75aab5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Anunay Kulshrestha <anunay@kul.sh>
Date: Tue, 10 Mar 2026 20:14:19 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 507/609] [bl0940] Fix reset_calibration() declaration missing
 from header (#14676)

Co-authored-by: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/bl0940/bl0940.h | 4 +---
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/bl0940/bl0940.h b/esphome/components/bl0940/bl0940.h
index 93d54003f5..e0ca748a22 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bl0940/bl0940.h
+++ b/esphome/components/bl0940/bl0940.h
@@ -69,10 +69,8 @@ class BL0940 : public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDevice {
   void set_energy_calibration_number(number::Number *num) { this->energy_calibration_number_ = num; }
 #endif
 
-#ifdef USE_BUTTON
-  // Resets all calibration values to defaults (can be triggered by a button)
+  // Resets all calibration values to defaults
   void reset_calibration();
-#endif
 
   // Core component methods
   void loop() override;

From 06a127f64b49c7306815100cc667af8c9842c463 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Diorcet Yann <diorcety@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Mar 2026 16:52:48 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 508/609] [core] ESP-IDF compilation fixes (#14541)

---
 esphome/build_gen/espidf.py |  6 ++--
 esphome/espidf_api.py       | 61 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
 2 files changed, 56 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/build_gen/espidf.py b/esphome/build_gen/espidf.py
index f45efb82c1..9df9b1069c 100644
--- a/esphome/build_gen/espidf.py
+++ b/esphome/build_gen/espidf.py
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ def get_component_cmakelists(minimal: bool = False) -> str:
 
     # Extract compile definitions from build flags (-DXXX -> XXX)
     compile_defs = [flag[2:] for flag in CORE.build_flags if flag.startswith("-D")]
-    compile_defs_str = "\n    ".join(compile_defs) if compile_defs else ""
+    compile_defs_str = "\n    ".join(sorted(compile_defs)) if compile_defs else ""
 
     # Extract compile options (-W flags, excluding linker flags)
     compile_opts = [
@@ -80,11 +80,11 @@ def get_component_cmakelists(minimal: bool = False) -> str:
         for flag in CORE.build_flags
         if flag.startswith("-W") and not flag.startswith("-Wl,")
     ]
-    compile_opts_str = "\n    ".join(compile_opts) if compile_opts else ""
+    compile_opts_str = "\n    ".join(sorted(compile_opts)) if compile_opts else ""
 
     # Extract linker options (-Wl, flags)
     link_opts = [flag for flag in CORE.build_flags if flag.startswith("-Wl,")]
-    link_opts_str = "\n    ".join(link_opts) if link_opts else ""
+    link_opts_str = "\n    ".join(sorted(link_opts)) if link_opts else ""
 
     return f"""\
 # Auto-generated by ESPHome
diff --git a/esphome/espidf_api.py b/esphome/espidf_api.py
index 9e9c57bfbd..9ebcc48513 100644
--- a/esphome/espidf_api.py
+++ b/esphome/espidf_api.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import shutil
 import subprocess
 
 from esphome.components.esp32.const import KEY_ESP32, KEY_FLASH_SIZE
-from esphome.const import CONF_COMPILE_PROCESS_LIMIT, CONF_ESPHOME
 from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -102,6 +101,55 @@ def run_reconfigure() -> int:
     return run_idf_py("reconfigure")
 
 
+def has_outdated_files():
+    """Check if the build configuration is stale.
+
+    Returns True if required build files are missing or if configuration inputs
+    are newer than the generated CMake/Ninja build artifacts.
+    """
+    cmakecache_txt_path = CORE.relative_build_path("build/CMakeCache.txt")
+
+    cmakelists_txt_build_path = CORE.relative_build_path("CMakeLists.txt")
+    cmakelists_txt_src_path = CORE.relative_src_path("CMakeLists.txt")
+    build_config_path = CORE.relative_build_path("build/config")
+    sdkconfig_internal_path = CORE.relative_build_path(
+        f"sdkconfig.{CORE.name}.esphomeinternal"
+    )
+    dependency_lock_path = CORE.relative_build_path("dependencies.lock")
+    build_ninja_path = CORE.relative_build_path("build/build.ninja")
+
+    if not os.path.isdir(build_config_path) or not os.listdir(build_config_path):
+        return True
+    if not os.path.isfile(cmakecache_txt_path):
+        return True
+    if not os.path.isfile(build_ninja_path):
+        return True
+    if os.path.isfile(dependency_lock_path) and os.path.getmtime(
+        dependency_lock_path
+    ) > os.path.getmtime(build_ninja_path):
+        return True
+
+    cmakecache_txt_mtime = os.path.getmtime(cmakecache_txt_path)
+    return any(
+        os.path.getmtime(f) > cmakecache_txt_mtime
+        for f in [
+            _get_idf_path(),
+            cmakelists_txt_build_path,
+            cmakelists_txt_src_path,
+            sdkconfig_internal_path,
+            build_config_path,
+        ]
+        if f and os.path.exists(f)
+    )
+
+
+def need_reconfigure() -> bool:
+    from esphome.build_gen.espidf import has_discovered_components
+
+    # We need to reconfigure either if the files are outdated or if there is no component discovered
+    return has_outdated_files() or not has_discovered_components()
+
+
 def run_compile(config, verbose: bool) -> int:
     """Compile the ESP-IDF project.
 
@@ -110,10 +158,10 @@ def run_compile(config, verbose: bool) -> int:
     2. Regenerate CMakeLists.txt with discovered components
     3. Run full build
     """
-    from esphome.build_gen.espidf import has_discovered_components, write_project
+    from esphome.build_gen.espidf import write_project
 
     # Check if we need to do discovery phase
-    if not has_discovered_components():
+    if need_reconfigure():
         _LOGGER.info("Discovering available ESP-IDF components...")
         write_project(minimal=True)
         rc = run_reconfigure()
@@ -124,15 +172,12 @@ def run_compile(config, verbose: bool) -> int:
         write_project(minimal=False)
 
     # Build
-    args = ["build"]
+    args = []
 
     if verbose:
         args.append("-v")
 
-    # Add parallel job limit if configured
-    if CONF_COMPILE_PROCESS_LIMIT in config.get(CONF_ESPHOME, {}):
-        limit = config[CONF_ESPHOME][CONF_COMPILE_PROCESS_LIMIT]
-        args.extend(["-j", str(limit)])
+    args.append("build")
 
     # Set the sdkconfig file
     sdkconfig_path = CORE.relative_build_path(f"sdkconfig.{CORE.name}")

From 2c7ef4f758522ac324a5983dfc89f963fa22af70 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Tue, 10 Mar 2026 09:10:33 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 509/609] [rp2040] Use picotool for BOOTSEL upload and improve
 upload UX (#14483)

---
 esphome/__main__.py           | 211 ++++++++++++++++-
 esphome/espota2.py            |  26 +--
 esphome/helpers.py            |  27 +++
 esphome/util.py               |  70 ++++++
 tests/unit_tests/test_main.py | 420 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 tests/unit_tests/test_util.py | 132 +++++++++++
 6 files changed, 859 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/__main__.py b/esphome/__main__.py
index 0164e2eeb3..f33e7f4b42 100644
--- a/esphome/__main__.py
+++ b/esphome/__main__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ import logging
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
 import re
+import shutil
+import subprocess
 import sys
 import time
 from typing import Protocol
@@ -44,7 +46,9 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_SUBSTITUTIONS,
     CONF_TOPIC,
     ENV_NOGITIGNORE,
+    KEY_CORE,
     KEY_NATIVE_IDF,
+    KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM,
     PLATFORM_ESP32,
     PLATFORM_ESP8266,
     PLATFORM_RP2040,
@@ -56,7 +60,11 @@ from esphome.helpers import get_bool_env, indent, is_ip_address
 from esphome.log import AnsiFore, color, setup_log
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 from esphome.util import (
+    PICOTOOL_PACKAGE,
+    detect_rp2040_bootsel,
+    get_picotool_path,
     get_serial_ports,
+    is_picotool_usb_permission_error,
     list_yaml_files,
     run_external_command,
     run_external_process,
@@ -68,6 +76,21 @@ _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 # Maximum buffer size for serial log reading to prevent unbounded memory growth
 SERIAL_BUFFER_MAX_SIZE = 65536
 
+_RP2040_BOOTSEL_INSTRUCTIONS = (
+    "To enter BOOTSEL mode:\n"
+    "  1. Unplug the device\n"
+    "  2. Hold the BOOT/BOOTSEL button\n"
+    "  3. Plug in the USB cable while holding the button\n"
+    "  4. Release the button - the device should appear as a USB drive (RPI-RP2)\n"
+    "Then run the upload command again."
+)
+
+_RP2040_UDEV_HINT = (
+    "You may need to add a udev rule for RP2040 devices. "
+    "See: https://github.com/raspberrypi/picotool"
+    "/blob/master/udev/60-picotool.rules"
+)
+
 # Special non-component keys that appear in configs
 _NON_COMPONENT_KEYS = frozenset(
     {
@@ -163,6 +186,7 @@ class PortType(StrEnum):
     NETWORK = "NETWORK"
     MQTT = "MQTT"
     MQTTIP = "MQTTIP"
+    BOOTSEL = "BOOTSEL"
 
 
 # Magic MQTT port types that require special handling
@@ -241,6 +265,19 @@ def choose_upload_log_host(
         (f"{port.path} ({port.description})", port.path) for port in get_serial_ports()
     ]
 
+    # Add RP2040 BOOTSEL device option when uploading
+    bootsel_permission_error = False
+    if (
+        purpose == Purpose.UPLOADING
+        and CORE.data.get(KEY_CORE, {}).get(KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM) == PLATFORM_RP2040
+        and (picotool := _find_picotool()) is not None
+    ):
+        bootsel = detect_rp2040_bootsel(picotool)
+        if bootsel.device_count > 0:
+            options.append(("RP2040 BOOTSEL (via picotool)", "BOOTSEL"))
+        elif bootsel.permission_error:
+            bootsel_permission_error = True
+
     if purpose == Purpose.LOGGING:
         if has_mqtt_logging():
             mqtt_config = CORE.config[CONF_MQTT]
@@ -258,6 +295,25 @@ def choose_upload_log_host(
         if has_mqtt_ip_lookup():
             options.append(("Over The Air (MQTT IP lookup)", "MQTTIP"))
 
+    # Show helpful BOOTSEL instructions for RP2040 when no BOOTSEL device is found
+    if (
+        purpose == Purpose.UPLOADING
+        and CORE.data.get(KEY_CORE, {}).get(KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM) == PLATFORM_RP2040
+        and not any(get_port_type(opt[1]) == PortType.BOOTSEL for opt in options)
+    ):
+        if bootsel_permission_error:
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "An RP2040 device in BOOTSEL mode was detected but could "
+                "not be accessed due to USB permissions."
+            )
+            if sys.platform.startswith("linux"):
+                _LOGGER.warning(_RP2040_UDEV_HINT)
+        if not options:
+            raise EsphomeError(
+                f"No RP2040 device found. {_RP2040_BOOTSEL_INSTRUCTIONS}"
+            )
+        _LOGGER.info("Tip: %s", _RP2040_BOOTSEL_INSTRUCTIONS)
+
     if check_default is not None and check_default in [opt[1] for opt in options]:
         return [check_default]
     return [choose_prompt(options, purpose=purpose)]
@@ -404,10 +460,13 @@ def get_port_type(port: str) -> PortType:
 
     Returns:
         PortType.SERIAL for serial ports (/dev/ttyUSB0, COM1, etc.)
+        PortType.BOOTSEL for RP2040 BOOTSEL upload via picotool
         PortType.MQTT for MQTT logging
         PortType.MQTTIP for MQTT IP lookup
         PortType.NETWORK for IP addresses, hostnames, or mDNS names
     """
+    if port == "BOOTSEL":
+        return PortType.BOOTSEL
     if port.startswith("/") or port.startswith("COM"):
         return PortType.SERIAL
     if port == "MQTT":
@@ -695,15 +754,138 @@ def upload_using_esptool(
     return run_esptool(115200)
 
 
-def upload_using_platformio(config: ConfigType, port: str):
+def upload_using_platformio(config: ConfigType, port: str) -> int:
     from esphome import platformio_api
 
+    # RP2040 platform-raspberrypi build recipe expects firmware.bin.signed for
+    # the upload target, but 'nobuild' skips the build phase that creates it.
+    # Create it here so the upload doesn't fail.
+    if CORE.data.get(KEY_CORE, {}).get(KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM) == PLATFORM_RP2040:
+        idedata = platformio_api.get_idedata(config)
+        build_dir = Path(idedata.firmware_elf_path).parent
+        firmware_bin = build_dir / "firmware.bin"
+        signed_bin = build_dir / "firmware.bin.signed"
+        if firmware_bin.is_file() and not signed_bin.is_file():
+            shutil.copy2(firmware_bin, signed_bin)
+
     upload_args = ["-t", "upload", "-t", "nobuild"]
     if port is not None:
         upload_args += ["--upload-port", port]
     return platformio_api.run_platformio_cli_run(config, CORE.verbose, *upload_args)
 
 
+def _find_picotool() -> Path | None:
+    """Find the picotool binary from PlatformIO packages."""
+    from esphome import platformio_api
+
+    try:
+        idedata = platformio_api.get_idedata(CORE.config)
+    except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001  # pylint: disable=broad-except
+        return None
+    return get_picotool_path(idedata.cc_path)
+
+
+def upload_using_picotool(config: ConfigType) -> int:
+    """Upload firmware to RP2040 in BOOTSEL mode using picotool.
+
+    Uses picotool to load the ELF firmware directly via USB, avoiding
+    the mass storage copy approach that causes "disk not ejected properly"
+    warnings on macOS.
+    """
+    from esphome import platformio_api
+
+    idedata = platformio_api.get_idedata(config)
+    firmware_elf = Path(idedata.firmware_elf_path)
+
+    if not firmware_elf.is_file():
+        _LOGGER.error(
+            "Firmware ELF file not found at %s. "
+            "Make sure the project has been compiled first.",
+            firmware_elf,
+        )
+        return 1
+
+    picotool = get_picotool_path(idedata.cc_path)
+    if picotool is None:
+        _LOGGER.error(
+            "picotool not found. Ensure the RP2040 PlatformIO platform "
+            "is installed (%s).",
+            PICOTOOL_PACKAGE,
+        )
+        return 1
+
+    _LOGGER.info("Uploading firmware to RP2040 via picotool...")
+    try:
+        # Don't capture stdout — let picotool write directly to the terminal
+        # so progress bars display in real-time with \r updates.
+        # Capture stderr only so we can detect permission errors.
+        result = subprocess.run(
+            [str(picotool), "load", "-v", "-x", str(firmware_elf)],
+            stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+            timeout=60,
+            check=False,
+        )
+    except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
+        _LOGGER.error("picotool upload timed out after 60 seconds.")
+        return 1
+    except OSError as err:
+        _LOGGER.error("Failed to run picotool: %s", err)
+        return 1
+
+    if result.returncode != 0:
+        stderr = result.stderr.decode("utf-8", errors="replace").strip()
+        if stderr:
+            for line in stderr.splitlines():
+                safe_print(line)
+        if is_picotool_usb_permission_error(stderr):
+            msg = "Permission denied accessing USB device."
+            if sys.platform.startswith("linux"):
+                msg += f" {_RP2040_UDEV_HINT}"
+            _LOGGER.error(msg)
+        else:
+            _LOGGER.error("picotool upload failed (exit code %d).", result.returncode)
+        return 1
+
+    return 0
+
+
+def _wait_for_serial_port(
+    port: str | None = None,
+    timeout: float = 30.0,
+    known_ports: set[str] | None = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Wait for a serial port to appear, e.g. after a device reboot.
+
+    USB-CDC devices disappear briefly after flashing while the device
+    reboots and re-enumerates on the USB bus.
+
+    If port is given, wait for that specific path. If known_ports is
+    given, wait for a new port that wasn't in the set. Otherwise wait
+    for any serial port to appear.
+    """
+
+    def _port_found() -> bool:
+        ports = get_serial_ports()
+        if port is not None:
+            return any(p.path == port for p in ports)
+        if known_ports is not None:
+            return any(p.path not in known_ports for p in ports)
+        return bool(ports)
+
+    if _port_found():
+        return
+    if port is not None:
+        _LOGGER.info("Waiting for %s to come online...", port)
+    else:
+        _LOGGER.info("Waiting for device to reboot...")
+    start = time.monotonic()
+    while time.monotonic() - start < timeout:
+        time.sleep(0.05)
+        if _port_found():
+            time.sleep(0.05)
+            return
+
+
 def check_permissions(port: str):
     if os.name == "posix" and get_port_type(port) == PortType.SERIAL:
         # Check if we can open selected serial port
@@ -733,7 +915,15 @@ def upload_program(
     except AttributeError:
         pass
 
-    if get_port_type(host) == PortType.SERIAL:
+    port_type = get_port_type(host)
+
+    if port_type == PortType.BOOTSEL:
+        exit_code = upload_using_picotool(config)
+        # Return None for device - BOOTSEL can't be used for logging,
+        # so command_run will show the interactive chooser for log source
+        return exit_code, None
+
+    if port_type == PortType.SERIAL:
         check_permissions(host)
 
         exit_code = 1
@@ -787,6 +977,7 @@ def show_logs(config: ConfigType, args: ArgsProtocol, devices: list[str]) -> int
     port_type = get_port_type(port)
 
     if port_type == PortType.SERIAL:
+        _wait_for_serial_port(port)
         check_permissions(port)
         return run_miniterm(config, port, args)
 
@@ -925,6 +1116,9 @@ def command_run(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
         purpose=Purpose.UPLOADING,
     )
 
+    # Snapshot current serial ports before upload so we can detect new ones
+    pre_upload_ports = {p.path for p in get_serial_ports()}
+
     exit_code, successful_device = upload_program(config, args, devices)
     if exit_code == 0:
         _LOGGER.info("Successfully uploaded program.")
@@ -935,6 +1129,19 @@ def command_run(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
     if args.no_logs:
         return 0
 
+    # After BOOTSEL upload, wait for a new serial port to appear
+    # so it shows up in the log chooser
+    if (
+        successful_device is None
+        and CORE.data.get(KEY_CORE, {}).get(KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM) == PLATFORM_RP2040
+    ):
+        _wait_for_serial_port(known_ports=pre_upload_ports)
+        # If exactly one new serial port appeared, use it directly
+        serial_ports = get_serial_ports()
+        new_ports = [p for p in serial_ports if p.path not in pre_upload_ports]
+        if len(new_ports) == 1:
+            successful_device = new_ports[0].path
+
     # For logs, prefer the device we successfully uploaded to
     devices = choose_upload_log_host(
         default=successful_device,
diff --git a/esphome/espota2.py b/esphome/espota2.py
index c342eb4463..c412bb51ff 100644
--- a/esphome/espota2.py
+++ b/esphome/espota2.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import time
 from typing import Any
 
 from esphome.core import EsphomeError
-from esphome.helpers import resolve_ip_address
+from esphome.helpers import ProgressBar, resolve_ip_address
 
 RESPONSE_OK = 0x00
 RESPONSE_REQUEST_AUTH = 0x01
@@ -63,30 +63,6 @@ _AUTH_METHODS: dict[int, tuple[Callable[..., Any], int, str]] = {
 }
 
 
-class ProgressBar:
-    def __init__(self):
-        self.last_progress = None
-
-    def update(self, progress):
-        bar_length = 60
-        status = ""
-        if progress >= 1:
-            progress = 1
-            status = "Done...\r\n"
-        new_progress = int(progress * 100)
-        if new_progress == self.last_progress:
-            return
-        self.last_progress = new_progress
-        block = int(round(bar_length * progress))
-        text = f"\rUploading: [{'=' * block + ' ' * (bar_length - block)}] {new_progress}% {status}"
-        sys.stderr.write(text)
-        sys.stderr.flush()
-
-    def done(self):
-        sys.stderr.write("\n")
-        sys.stderr.flush()
-
-
 class OTAError(EsphomeError):
     pass
 
diff --git a/esphome/helpers.py b/esphome/helpers.py
index 145ebd4096..f41bec357d 100644
--- a/esphome/helpers.py
+++ b/esphome/helpers.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import platform
 import re
 import shutil
 import stat
+import sys
 import tempfile
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 from urllib.parse import urlparse
@@ -585,6 +586,32 @@ def sanitize(value):
     return _DISALLOWED_CHARS.sub("_", value)
 
 
+class ProgressBar:
+    """A simple terminal progress bar for upload operations."""
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.last_progress: int | None = None
+
+    def update(self, progress: float) -> None:
+        bar_length = 60
+        status = ""
+        if progress >= 1:
+            progress = 1
+            status = "Done...\r\n"
+        new_progress = int(progress * 100)
+        if new_progress == self.last_progress:
+            return
+        self.last_progress = new_progress
+        block = int(round(bar_length * progress))
+        text = f"\rUploading: [{'=' * block + ' ' * (bar_length - block)}] {new_progress}% {status}"
+        sys.stderr.write(text)
+        sys.stderr.flush()
+
+    def done(self) -> None:
+        sys.stderr.write("\n")
+        sys.stderr.flush()
+
+
 def docs_url(path: str) -> str:
     """Return the URL to the documentation for a given path."""
     # Local import to avoid circular import
diff --git a/esphome/util.py b/esphome/util.py
index 686aa74306..6a21b4f627 100644
--- a/esphome/util.py
+++ b/esphome/util.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import collections
 from collections.abc import Callable
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 import io
 import logging
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -355,6 +356,75 @@ def get_serial_ports() -> list[SerialPort]:
     return result
 
 
+PICOTOOL_PACKAGE = "tool-picotool-rp2040-earlephilhower"
+
+
+def get_picotool_path(cc_path: str) -> Path | None:
+    """Derive the picotool binary path from the PlatformIO toolchain cc_path.
+
+    The cc_path from IDEData points to the toolchain package, e.g.:
+    ~/.platformio/packages/toolchain-rp2040-earlephilhower/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc
+    Picotool is in a sibling package:
+    ~/.platformio/packages/tool-picotool-rp2040-earlephilhower/picotool
+    """
+    cc = Path(cc_path)
+    # Go from .../packages/toolchain-.../bin/gcc up to .../packages/
+    packages_dir = cc.parent.parent.parent
+    binary_name = "picotool.exe" if sys.platform == "win32" else "picotool"
+    picotool = packages_dir / PICOTOOL_PACKAGE / binary_name
+    if picotool.is_file():
+        return picotool
+    return None
+
+
+def is_picotool_usb_permission_error(output: str | bytes) -> bool:
+    """Check if picotool output indicates a USB permission error."""
+    if isinstance(output, str):
+        return (
+            "unable to connect" in output
+            or "LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS" in output
+            or "Permission denied" in output
+        )
+    return (
+        b"unable to connect" in output
+        or b"LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS" in output
+        or b"Permission denied" in output
+    )
+
+
+@dataclass
+class BootselResult:
+    """Result of RP2040 BOOTSEL detection."""
+
+    device_count: int
+    permission_error: bool = False
+
+
+def detect_rp2040_bootsel(picotool_path: str | Path) -> BootselResult:
+    """Detect RP2040/RP2350 devices in BOOTSEL mode using picotool.
+
+    Returns a BootselResult with the number of devices found (by counting
+    'type:' lines in output), and whether a permission error was detected.
+    """
+    try:
+        result = subprocess.run(
+            [str(picotool_path), "info", "-d"],
+            capture_output=True,
+            timeout=10,
+            check=False,
+        )
+        device_count = result.stdout.count(b"type:")
+        if device_count > 0:
+            return BootselResult(device_count)
+        # Check for permission issues — picotool can see the device
+        # on the USB bus but can't connect without proper permissions
+        if is_picotool_usb_permission_error(result.stderr + result.stdout):
+            return BootselResult(0, permission_error=True)
+        return BootselResult(0)
+    except (OSError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired):
+        return BootselResult(0)
+
+
 def get_esp32_arduino_flash_error_help() -> str | None:
     """Returns helpful message when ESP32 with Arduino runs out of flash space."""
     from esphome.core import CORE
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_main.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_main.py
index cef561c54b..b6f1a28086 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_main.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_main.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import json
 import logging
 from pathlib import Path
 import re
+import sys
 import time
 from typing import Any
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock, Mock, patch
@@ -40,6 +41,8 @@ from esphome.__main__ import (
     show_logs,
     upload_program,
     upload_using_esptool,
+    upload_using_picotool,
+    upload_using_platformio,
 )
 from esphome.components.esp32 import KEY_ESP32, KEY_VARIANT, VARIANT_ESP32
 from esphome.const import (
@@ -70,6 +73,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PLATFORM_RP2040,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError
+from esphome.util import BootselResult
 
 
 def strip_ansi_codes(text: str) -> str:
@@ -174,6 +178,13 @@ def mock_upload_using_platformio() -> Generator[Mock]:
         yield mock
 
 
+@pytest.fixture
+def mock_upload_using_picotool() -> Generator[Mock]:
+    """Mock upload_using_picotool for testing."""
+    with patch("esphome.__main__.upload_using_picotool") as mock:
+        yield mock
+
+
 @pytest.fixture
 def mock_run_ota() -> Generator[Mock]:
     """Mock espota2.run_ota for testing."""
@@ -851,6 +862,221 @@ def test_choose_upload_log_host_no_address_with_ota_config() -> None:
         )
 
 
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_no_serial_ports")
+def test_choose_upload_log_host_no_defaults_with_rp2040_bootsel(
+    mock_choose_prompt: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """Test interactive mode shows RP2040 BOOTSEL option via picotool."""
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_RP2040)
+
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.__main__._find_picotool", return_value=Path("/usr/bin/picotool")
+        ),
+        patch("esphome.__main__.detect_rp2040_bootsel", return_value=BootselResult(1)),
+    ):
+        result = choose_upload_log_host(
+            default=None,
+            check_default=None,
+            purpose=Purpose.UPLOADING,
+        )
+        assert result == ["/dev/ttyUSB0"]  # mock_choose_prompt default
+        mock_choose_prompt.assert_called_once_with(
+            [("RP2040 BOOTSEL (via picotool)", "BOOTSEL")],
+            purpose=Purpose.UPLOADING,
+        )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_no_serial_ports")
+def test_choose_upload_log_host_rp2040_no_device_shows_bootsel_help() -> None:
+    """Test BOOTSEL instructions shown when no RP2040 device found."""
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_RP2040)
+
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.__main__._find_picotool", return_value=Path("/usr/bin/picotool")
+        ),
+        patch("esphome.__main__.detect_rp2040_bootsel", return_value=BootselResult(0)),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="BOOTSEL"),
+    ):
+        choose_upload_log_host(
+            default=None,
+            check_default=None,
+            purpose=Purpose.UPLOADING,
+        )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_no_serial_ports")
+def test_choose_upload_log_host_rp2040_bootsel_tip_with_ota(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """Test BOOTSEL tip shown when only OTA options exist for RP2040."""
+    setup_core(
+        platform=PLATFORM_RP2040,
+        config={CONF_OTA: [{CONF_PLATFORM: CONF_ESPHOME}]},
+        address="192.168.1.100",
+    )
+
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.__main__._find_picotool", return_value=Path("/usr/bin/picotool")
+        ),
+        patch("esphome.__main__.detect_rp2040_bootsel", return_value=BootselResult(0)),
+        patch(
+            "esphome.__main__.choose_prompt",
+            return_value="192.168.1.100",
+        ),
+        caplog.at_level(logging.INFO, logger="esphome.__main__"),
+    ):
+        choose_upload_log_host(
+            default=None,
+            check_default=None,
+            purpose=Purpose.UPLOADING,
+        )
+        assert "BOOTSEL" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_choose_upload_log_host_rp2040_bootsel_tip_with_serial_ports(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+    mock_choose_prompt: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """Test BOOTSEL tip shown when serial ports exist but no BOOTSEL device."""
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_RP2040)
+
+    mock_ports = [MockSerialPort("/dev/ttyACM0", "RP2040 Serial")]
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.__main__.get_serial_ports", return_value=mock_ports),
+        patch(
+            "esphome.__main__._find_picotool",
+            return_value=Path("/usr/bin/picotool"),
+        ),
+        patch("esphome.__main__.detect_rp2040_bootsel", return_value=BootselResult(0)),
+        caplog.at_level(logging.INFO, logger="esphome.__main__"),
+    ):
+        choose_upload_log_host(
+            default=None,
+            check_default=None,
+            purpose=Purpose.UPLOADING,
+        )
+        assert "BOOTSEL" in caplog.text
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_no_serial_ports")
+def test_choose_upload_log_host_rp2040_permission_error_no_options(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """Test permission warning shown when BOOTSEL device found but not accessible."""
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_RP2040)
+
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.__main__._find_picotool", return_value=Path("/usr/bin/picotool")
+        ),
+        patch(
+            "esphome.__main__.detect_rp2040_bootsel",
+            return_value=BootselResult(0, permission_error=True),
+        ),
+        patch("esphome.__main__.sys.platform", "linux"),
+        pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="BOOTSEL"),
+        caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="esphome.__main__"),
+    ):
+        choose_upload_log_host(
+            default=None,
+            check_default=None,
+            purpose=Purpose.UPLOADING,
+        )
+
+    assert "USB permissions" in caplog.text
+    assert "udev" in caplog.text
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_no_serial_ports")
+def test_choose_upload_log_host_rp2040_permission_error_with_ota(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """Test permission warning shown with OTA fallback available."""
+    setup_core(
+        platform=PLATFORM_RP2040,
+        config={CONF_OTA: [{CONF_PLATFORM: CONF_ESPHOME}]},
+        address="192.168.1.100",
+    )
+
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "esphome.__main__._find_picotool", return_value=Path("/usr/bin/picotool")
+        ),
+        patch(
+            "esphome.__main__.detect_rp2040_bootsel",
+            return_value=BootselResult(0, permission_error=True),
+        ),
+        patch(
+            "esphome.__main__.choose_prompt",
+            return_value="192.168.1.100",
+        ),
+        caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="esphome.__main__"),
+    ):
+        choose_upload_log_host(
+            default=None,
+            check_default=None,
+            purpose=Purpose.UPLOADING,
+        )
+
+    assert "USB permissions" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_choose_upload_log_host_no_bootsel_for_non_rp2040(
+    mock_no_serial_ports: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """Test that BOOTSEL detection is not run for non-RP2040 platforms."""
+    setup_core(
+        platform=PLATFORM_ESP32,
+        config={CONF_OTA: [{CONF_PLATFORM: CONF_ESPHOME}]},
+        address="192.168.1.100",
+    )
+
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.__main__._find_picotool") as mock_find_picotool,
+        patch(
+            "esphome.__main__.choose_prompt",
+            return_value="192.168.1.100",
+        ),
+    ):
+        choose_upload_log_host(
+            default=None,
+            check_default=None,
+            purpose=Purpose.UPLOADING,
+        )
+        mock_find_picotool.assert_not_called()
+
+
+def test_choose_upload_log_host_rp2040_serial_and_bootsel(
+    mock_choose_prompt: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """Test both serial ports and BOOTSEL option shown for RP2040."""
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_RP2040)
+
+    mock_ports = [MockSerialPort("/dev/ttyACM0", "RP2040 Serial")]
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.__main__.get_serial_ports", return_value=mock_ports),
+        patch(
+            "esphome.__main__._find_picotool", return_value=Path("/usr/bin/picotool")
+        ),
+        patch("esphome.__main__.detect_rp2040_bootsel", return_value=BootselResult(1)),
+    ):
+        choose_upload_log_host(
+            default=None,
+            check_default=None,
+            purpose=Purpose.UPLOADING,
+        )
+        mock_choose_prompt.assert_called_once_with(
+            [
+                ("/dev/ttyACM0 (RP2040 Serial)", "/dev/ttyACM0"),
+                ("RP2040 BOOTSEL (via picotool)", "BOOTSEL"),
+            ],
+            purpose=Purpose.UPLOADING,
+        )
+
+
 @dataclass
 class MockArgs:
     """Mock args for testing."""
@@ -1060,6 +1286,46 @@ def test_upload_program_serial_platformio_platforms(
     mock_upload_using_platformio.assert_called_once_with(config, device)
 
 
+def test_upload_using_platformio_creates_signed_bin_for_rp2040(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """Test that upload_using_platformio creates firmware.bin.signed for RP2040."""
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_RP2040)
+
+    build_dir = tmp_path / "build"
+    build_dir.mkdir()
+    firmware_bin = build_dir / "firmware.bin"
+    firmware_bin.write_bytes(b"test firmware content")
+    firmware_elf = build_dir / "firmware.elf"
+    firmware_elf.write_bytes(b"elf")
+
+    mock_idedata = MagicMock()
+    mock_idedata.firmware_elf_path = str(firmware_elf)
+
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.platformio_api.get_idedata", return_value=mock_idedata),
+        patch("esphome.platformio_api.run_platformio_cli_run", return_value=0),
+    ):
+        result = upload_using_platformio({}, "/dev/ttyACM0")
+
+    assert result == 0
+    signed_bin = build_dir / "firmware.bin.signed"
+    assert signed_bin.is_file()
+    assert signed_bin.read_bytes() == b"test firmware content"
+
+
+def test_upload_using_platformio_skips_signed_bin_for_non_rp2040(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """Test that upload_using_platformio doesn't create signed bin for non-RP2040."""
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_ESP32)
+
+    with patch("esphome.platformio_api.run_platformio_cli_run", return_value=0):
+        result = upload_using_platformio({}, "/dev/ttyUSB0")
+
+    assert result == 0
+
+
 def test_upload_program_serial_upload_failed(
     mock_upload_using_esptool: Mock,
     mock_get_port_type: Mock,
@@ -1082,6 +1348,158 @@ def test_upload_program_serial_upload_failed(
     mock_upload_using_esptool.assert_called_once()
 
 
+def test_upload_program_bootsel(
+    mock_upload_using_picotool: Mock,
+    mock_get_port_type: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """Test upload_program with BOOTSEL for RP2040."""
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_RP2040)
+    mock_get_port_type.return_value = "BOOTSEL"
+    mock_upload_using_picotool.return_value = 0
+
+    config = {}
+    args = MockArgs()
+    devices = ["BOOTSEL"]
+
+    exit_code, host = upload_program(config, args, devices)
+
+    assert exit_code == 0
+    # BOOTSEL device can't be used for logging, so host should be None
+    assert host is None
+    mock_upload_using_picotool.assert_called_once_with(config)
+
+
+def test_upload_program_bootsel_failed(
+    mock_upload_using_picotool: Mock,
+    mock_get_port_type: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """Test upload_program when BOOTSEL upload fails."""
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_RP2040)
+    mock_get_port_type.return_value = "BOOTSEL"
+    mock_upload_using_picotool.return_value = 1
+
+    config = {}
+    args = MockArgs()
+    devices = ["BOOTSEL"]
+
+    exit_code, host = upload_program(config, args, devices)
+
+    assert exit_code == 1
+    assert host is None
+    mock_upload_using_picotool.assert_called_once_with(config)
+
+
+def test_upload_using_picotool_success(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Test upload_using_picotool succeeds."""
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_RP2040, tmp_path=tmp_path)
+
+    build_dir = tmp_path / "build"
+    build_dir.mkdir()
+    firmware_elf = build_dir / "firmware.elf"
+    firmware_elf.write_bytes(b"\x00" * 1024)
+
+    # Create picotool binary
+    packages_dir = tmp_path / "packages"
+    toolchain_bin = packages_dir / "toolchain-rp2040-earlephilhower" / "bin"
+    toolchain_bin.mkdir(parents=True)
+    picotool_dir = packages_dir / "tool-picotool-rp2040-earlephilhower"
+    picotool_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+    binary_name = "picotool.exe" if sys.platform == "win32" else "picotool"
+    picotool = picotool_dir / binary_name
+    picotool.touch()
+
+    mock_idedata = MagicMock()
+    mock_idedata.firmware_elf_path = str(firmware_elf)
+    mock_idedata.cc_path = str(toolchain_bin / "arm-none-eabi-gcc")
+
+    mock_result = MagicMock()
+    mock_result.returncode = 0
+    mock_result.stderr = b""
+
+    config = {}
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.platformio_api.get_idedata", return_value=mock_idedata),
+        patch("subprocess.run", return_value=mock_result),
+    ):
+        exit_code = upload_using_picotool(config)
+
+    assert exit_code == 0
+
+
+def test_upload_using_picotool_no_elf(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Test upload_using_picotool when ELF file is missing."""
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_RP2040, tmp_path=tmp_path)
+
+    build_dir = tmp_path / "build"
+    build_dir.mkdir()
+
+    mock_idedata = MagicMock()
+    mock_idedata.firmware_elf_path = str(build_dir / "firmware.elf")
+    mock_idedata.cc_path = "/fake/path/gcc"
+
+    config = {}
+    with patch("esphome.platformio_api.get_idedata", return_value=mock_idedata):
+        exit_code = upload_using_picotool(config)
+
+    assert exit_code == 1
+
+
+def test_upload_using_picotool_not_found(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Test upload_using_picotool when picotool binary not found."""
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_RP2040, tmp_path=tmp_path)
+
+    build_dir = tmp_path / "build"
+    build_dir.mkdir()
+    firmware_elf = build_dir / "firmware.elf"
+    firmware_elf.write_bytes(b"\x00" * 512)
+
+    mock_idedata = MagicMock()
+    mock_idedata.firmware_elf_path = str(firmware_elf)
+    mock_idedata.cc_path = "/fake/path/gcc"
+
+    config = {}
+    with patch("esphome.platformio_api.get_idedata", return_value=mock_idedata):
+        exit_code = upload_using_picotool(config)
+
+    assert exit_code == 1
+
+
+def test_upload_using_picotool_permission_error(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Test upload_using_picotool shows helpful message on permission error."""
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_RP2040, tmp_path=tmp_path)
+
+    build_dir = tmp_path / "build"
+    build_dir.mkdir()
+    firmware_elf = build_dir / "firmware.elf"
+    firmware_elf.write_bytes(b"\x00" * 512)
+
+    packages_dir = tmp_path / "packages"
+    toolchain_bin = packages_dir / "toolchain-rp2040-earlephilhower" / "bin"
+    toolchain_bin.mkdir(parents=True)
+    picotool_dir = packages_dir / "tool-picotool-rp2040-earlephilhower"
+    picotool_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+    binary_name = "picotool.exe" if sys.platform == "win32" else "picotool"
+    picotool = picotool_dir / binary_name
+    picotool.touch()
+
+    mock_idedata = MagicMock()
+    mock_idedata.firmware_elf_path = str(firmware_elf)
+    mock_idedata.cc_path = str(toolchain_bin / "arm-none-eabi-gcc")
+
+    mock_result = MagicMock()
+    mock_result.returncode = 1
+    mock_result.stderr = b"LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS"
+
+    config = {}
+    with (
+        patch("esphome.platformio_api.get_idedata", return_value=mock_idedata),
+        patch("subprocess.run", return_value=mock_result),
+    ):
+        exit_code = upload_using_picotool(config)
+
+    assert exit_code == 1
+
+
 def test_upload_program_ota_success(
     mock_run_ota: Mock,
     mock_get_port_type: Mock,
@@ -1606,6 +2024,8 @@ def test_get_port_type() -> None:
     assert get_port_type("esphome-device.local") == "NETWORK"
     assert get_port_type("10.0.0.1") == "NETWORK"
 
+    assert get_port_type("BOOTSEL") == "BOOTSEL"
+
 
 def test_has_mqtt_ip_lookup() -> None:
     """Test has_mqtt_ip_lookup function."""
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_util.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_util.py
index 85873caea8..ca3fd9b78a 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_util.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_util.py
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from pathlib import Path
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -402,3 +405,132 @@ def test_shlex_quote_edge_cases() -> None:
     assert util.shlex_quote("\t") == "'\t'"
     assert util.shlex_quote("\n") == "'\n'"
     assert util.shlex_quote("   ") == "'   '"
+
+
+def test_get_picotool_path_found(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Test picotool path derivation from cc_path."""
+    # Create the expected directory structure
+    packages_dir = tmp_path / "packages"
+    toolchain_dir = packages_dir / "toolchain-rp2040-earlephilhower" / "bin"
+    toolchain_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+    gcc = toolchain_dir / "arm-none-eabi-gcc"
+    gcc.touch()
+
+    binary_name = "picotool.exe" if sys.platform == "win32" else "picotool"
+    picotool_dir = packages_dir / "tool-picotool-rp2040-earlephilhower"
+    picotool_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+    picotool = picotool_dir / binary_name
+    picotool.touch()
+
+    result = util.get_picotool_path(str(gcc))
+    assert result == picotool
+
+
+def test_get_picotool_path_not_found(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Test picotool path returns None when not installed."""
+    packages_dir = tmp_path / "packages"
+    toolchain_dir = packages_dir / "toolchain-rp2040-earlephilhower" / "bin"
+    toolchain_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+    gcc = toolchain_dir / "arm-none-eabi-gcc"
+    gcc.touch()
+
+    result = util.get_picotool_path(str(gcc))
+    assert result is None
+
+
+def test_get_picotool_path_windows(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Test picotool path uses .exe on Windows."""
+    packages_dir = tmp_path / "packages"
+    toolchain_dir = packages_dir / "toolchain-rp2040-earlephilhower" / "bin"
+    toolchain_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+    gcc = toolchain_dir / "arm-none-eabi-gcc.exe"
+    gcc.touch()
+
+    picotool_dir = packages_dir / "tool-picotool-rp2040-earlephilhower"
+    picotool_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+    picotool = picotool_dir / "picotool.exe"
+    picotool.touch()
+
+    with patch("esphome.util.sys.platform", "win32"):
+        result = util.get_picotool_path(str(gcc))
+    assert result == picotool
+
+
+def test_detect_rp2040_bootsel_found() -> None:
+    """Test BOOTSEL device detection when device is present."""
+    mock_result = MagicMock()
+    mock_result.stdout = b"Device Information\n type: RP2040\n"
+    with patch("esphome.util.subprocess.run", return_value=mock_result):
+        result = util.detect_rp2040_bootsel("/usr/bin/picotool")
+    assert result.device_count == 1
+    assert result.permission_error is False
+
+
+def test_detect_rp2040_bootsel_multiple() -> None:
+    """Test BOOTSEL detection with multiple devices."""
+    mock_result = MagicMock()
+    mock_result.stdout = b"type: RP2040\ntype: RP2350\n"
+    with patch("esphome.util.subprocess.run", return_value=mock_result):
+        result = util.detect_rp2040_bootsel("/usr/bin/picotool")
+    assert result.device_count == 2
+    assert result.permission_error is False
+
+
+def test_detect_rp2040_bootsel_none() -> None:
+    """Test BOOTSEL detection when no device found."""
+    mock_result = MagicMock()
+    mock_result.stdout = (
+        b"No accessible RP2040/RP2350 devices in BOOTSEL mode were found.\n"
+    )
+    mock_result.stderr = b""
+    with patch("esphome.util.subprocess.run", return_value=mock_result):
+        result = util.detect_rp2040_bootsel("/usr/bin/picotool")
+    assert result.device_count == 0
+    assert result.permission_error is False
+
+
+def test_detect_rp2040_bootsel_permission_error() -> None:
+    """Test BOOTSEL detection with device found but not accessible."""
+    mock_result = MagicMock()
+    mock_result.stdout = (
+        b"No accessible RP-series devices in BOOTSEL mode were found.\n"
+    )
+    mock_result.stderr = (
+        b"RP2040 device at bus 5, address 24 appears to be in BOOTSEL mode, "
+        b"but picotool was unable to connect. "
+        b"Maybe try 'sudo' or check your permissions.\n"
+    )
+    with patch("esphome.util.subprocess.run", return_value=mock_result):
+        result = util.detect_rp2040_bootsel("/usr/bin/picotool")
+    assert result.device_count == 0
+    assert result.permission_error is True
+
+
+def test_detect_rp2040_bootsel_libusb_access_error() -> None:
+    """Test BOOTSEL detection with LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS."""
+    mock_result = MagicMock()
+    mock_result.stdout = b""
+    mock_result.stderr = b"LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS\n"
+    with patch("esphome.util.subprocess.run", return_value=mock_result):
+        result = util.detect_rp2040_bootsel("/usr/bin/picotool")
+    assert result.device_count == 0
+    assert result.permission_error is True
+
+
+def test_detect_rp2040_bootsel_oserror() -> None:
+    """Test BOOTSEL detection handles OSError."""
+    with patch("esphome.util.subprocess.run", side_effect=OSError("not found")):
+        result = util.detect_rp2040_bootsel("/usr/bin/picotool")
+    assert result.device_count == 0
+    assert result.permission_error is False
+
+
+def test_detect_rp2040_bootsel_timeout() -> None:
+    """Test BOOTSEL detection handles timeout."""
+    with patch(
+        "esphome.util.subprocess.run",
+        side_effect=subprocess.TimeoutExpired("picotool", 10),
+    ):
+        result = util.detect_rp2040_bootsel("/usr/bin/picotool")
+    assert result.device_count == 0
+    assert result.permission_error is False

From 6e468936ec670461e244aa93b7d3ea74f1fa2bef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Tue, 10 Mar 2026 09:10:55 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 510/609] [api] Inline ProtoVarInt::parse fast path and return
 consumed in struct (#14638)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .../api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp        |  24 +-
 esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp            | 430 +++++++++---------
 esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h              | 102 ++---
 esphome/components/api/proto.cpp              |  75 +--
 esphome/components/api/proto.h                | 118 ++---
 script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py           |  20 +-
 6 files changed, 376 insertions(+), 393 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp
index 3c54ed7c70..793cece3b8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp
@@ -128,37 +128,37 @@ APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::try_read_frame_() {
 
     // Skip indicator byte at position 0
     uint8_t varint_pos = 1;
-    uint32_t consumed = 0;
 
-    auto msg_size_varint = ProtoVarInt::parse(&rx_header_buf_[varint_pos], rx_header_buf_pos_ - varint_pos, &consumed);
+    // rx_header_buf_pos_ >= 3 and varint_pos == 1, so len >= 2
+    auto msg_size_varint = ProtoVarInt::parse_non_empty(&rx_header_buf_[varint_pos], rx_header_buf_pos_ - varint_pos);
     if (!msg_size_varint.has_value()) {
       // not enough data there yet
       continue;
     }
 
-    if (msg_size_varint->as_uint32() > MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE) {
+    if (msg_size_varint.value > MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE) {
       state_ = State::FAILED;
-      HELPER_LOG("Bad packet: message size %" PRIu32 " exceeds maximum %u", msg_size_varint->as_uint32(),
-                 MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE);
+      HELPER_LOG("Bad packet: message size %" PRIu32 " exceeds maximum %u",
+                 static_cast<uint32_t>(msg_size_varint.value), MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE);
       return APIError::BAD_DATA_PACKET;
     }
-    rx_header_parsed_len_ = msg_size_varint->as_uint16();
+    rx_header_parsed_len_ = static_cast<uint16_t>(msg_size_varint.value);
 
     // Move to next varint position
-    varint_pos += consumed;
+    varint_pos += msg_size_varint.consumed;
 
-    auto msg_type_varint = ProtoVarInt::parse(&rx_header_buf_[varint_pos], rx_header_buf_pos_ - varint_pos, &consumed);
+    auto msg_type_varint = ProtoVarInt::parse(&rx_header_buf_[varint_pos], rx_header_buf_pos_ - varint_pos);
     if (!msg_type_varint.has_value()) {
       // not enough data there yet
       continue;
     }
-    if (msg_type_varint->as_uint32() > std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max()) {
+    if (msg_type_varint.value > std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max()) {
       state_ = State::FAILED;
-      HELPER_LOG("Bad packet: message type %" PRIu32 " exceeds maximum %u", msg_type_varint->as_uint32(),
-                 std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max());
+      HELPER_LOG("Bad packet: message type %" PRIu32 " exceeds maximum %u",
+                 static_cast<uint32_t>(msg_type_varint.value), std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max());
       return APIError::BAD_DATA_PACKET;
     }
-    rx_header_parsed_type_ = msg_type_varint->as_uint16();
+    rx_header_parsed_type_ = static_cast<uint16_t>(msg_type_varint.value);
     rx_header_parsed_ = true;
   }
   // header reading done
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp
index 6fce10ca0f..01993cc5e5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp
@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@
 
 namespace esphome::api {
 
-bool HelloRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool HelloRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 2:
-      this->api_version_major = value.as_uint32();
+      this->api_version_major = value;
       break;
     case 3:
-      this->api_version_minor = value.as_uint32();
+      this->api_version_minor = value;
       break;
     default:
       return false;
@@ -316,20 +316,20 @@ uint32_t CoverStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
 #endif
   return size;
 }
-bool CoverCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool CoverCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 4:
-      this->has_position = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_position = value != 0;
       break;
     case 6:
-      this->has_tilt = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_tilt = value != 0;
       break;
     case 8:
-      this->stop = value.as_bool();
+      this->stop = value != 0;
       break;
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
     case 9:
-      this->device_id = value.as_uint32();
+      this->device_id = value;
       break;
 #endif
     default:
@@ -423,38 +423,38 @@ uint32_t FanStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
 #endif
   return size;
 }
-bool FanCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool FanCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 2:
-      this->has_state = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_state = value != 0;
       break;
     case 3:
-      this->state = value.as_bool();
+      this->state = value != 0;
       break;
     case 6:
-      this->has_oscillating = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_oscillating = value != 0;
       break;
     case 7:
-      this->oscillating = value.as_bool();
+      this->oscillating = value != 0;
       break;
     case 8:
-      this->has_direction = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_direction = value != 0;
       break;
     case 9:
-      this->direction = static_cast<enums::FanDirection>(value.as_uint32());
+      this->direction = static_cast<enums::FanDirection>(value);
       break;
     case 10:
-      this->has_speed_level = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_speed_level = value != 0;
       break;
     case 11:
-      this->speed_level = value.as_int32();
+      this->speed_level = static_cast<int32_t>(value);
       break;
     case 12:
-      this->has_preset_mode = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_preset_mode = value != 0;
       break;
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
     case 14:
-      this->device_id = value.as_uint32();
+      this->device_id = value;
       break;
 #endif
     default:
@@ -571,59 +571,59 @@ uint32_t LightStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
 #endif
   return size;
 }
-bool LightCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool LightCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 2:
-      this->has_state = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_state = value != 0;
       break;
     case 3:
-      this->state = value.as_bool();
+      this->state = value != 0;
       break;
     case 4:
-      this->has_brightness = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_brightness = value != 0;
       break;
     case 22:
-      this->has_color_mode = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_color_mode = value != 0;
       break;
     case 23:
-      this->color_mode = static_cast<enums::ColorMode>(value.as_uint32());
+      this->color_mode = static_cast<enums::ColorMode>(value);
       break;
     case 20:
-      this->has_color_brightness = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_color_brightness = value != 0;
       break;
     case 6:
-      this->has_rgb = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_rgb = value != 0;
       break;
     case 10:
-      this->has_white = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_white = value != 0;
       break;
     case 12:
-      this->has_color_temperature = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_color_temperature = value != 0;
       break;
     case 24:
-      this->has_cold_white = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_cold_white = value != 0;
       break;
     case 26:
-      this->has_warm_white = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_warm_white = value != 0;
       break;
     case 14:
-      this->has_transition_length = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_transition_length = value != 0;
       break;
     case 15:
-      this->transition_length = value.as_uint32();
+      this->transition_length = value;
       break;
     case 16:
-      this->has_flash_length = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_flash_length = value != 0;
       break;
     case 17:
-      this->flash_length = value.as_uint32();
+      this->flash_length = value;
       break;
     case 18:
-      this->has_effect = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_effect = value != 0;
       break;
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
     case 28:
-      this->device_id = value.as_uint32();
+      this->device_id = value;
       break;
 #endif
     default:
@@ -787,14 +787,14 @@ uint32_t SwitchStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
 #endif
   return size;
 }
-bool SwitchCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool SwitchCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 2:
-      this->state = value.as_bool();
+      this->state = value != 0;
       break;
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
     case 3:
-      this->device_id = value.as_uint32();
+      this->device_id = value;
       break;
 #endif
     default:
@@ -863,13 +863,13 @@ uint32_t TextSensorStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
   return size;
 }
 #endif
-bool SubscribeLogsRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool SubscribeLogsRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 1:
-      this->level = static_cast<enums::LogLevel>(value.as_uint32());
+      this->level = static_cast<enums::LogLevel>(value);
       break;
     case 2:
-      this->dump_config = value.as_bool();
+      this->dump_config = value != 0;
       break;
     default:
       return false;
@@ -971,13 +971,13 @@ uint32_t HomeassistantActionRequest::calculate_size() const {
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES
-bool HomeassistantActionResponse::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool HomeassistantActionResponse::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 1:
-      this->call_id = value.as_uint32();
+      this->call_id = value;
       break;
     case 2:
-      this->success = value.as_bool();
+      this->success = value != 0;
       break;
     default:
       return false;
@@ -1036,38 +1036,38 @@ bool HomeAssistantStateResponse::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDel
   return true;
 }
 #endif
-bool DSTRule::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool DSTRule::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 1:
-      this->time_seconds = value.as_sint32();
+      this->time_seconds = decode_zigzag32(static_cast<uint32_t>(value));
       break;
     case 2:
-      this->day = value.as_uint32();
+      this->day = value;
       break;
     case 3:
-      this->type = static_cast<enums::DSTRuleType>(value.as_uint32());
+      this->type = static_cast<enums::DSTRuleType>(value);
       break;
     case 4:
-      this->month = value.as_uint32();
+      this->month = value;
       break;
     case 5:
-      this->week = value.as_uint32();
+      this->week = value;
       break;
     case 6:
-      this->day_of_week = value.as_uint32();
+      this->day_of_week = value;
       break;
     default:
       return false;
   }
   return true;
 }
-bool ParsedTimezone::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool ParsedTimezone::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 1:
-      this->std_offset_seconds = value.as_sint32();
+      this->std_offset_seconds = decode_zigzag32(static_cast<uint32_t>(value));
       break;
     case 2:
-      this->dst_offset_seconds = value.as_sint32();
+      this->dst_offset_seconds = decode_zigzag32(static_cast<uint32_t>(value));
       break;
     default:
       return false;
@@ -1142,22 +1142,22 @@ uint32_t ListEntitiesServicesResponse::calculate_size() const {
   size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->supports_response));
   return size;
 }
-bool ExecuteServiceArgument::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool ExecuteServiceArgument::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 1:
-      this->bool_ = value.as_bool();
+      this->bool_ = value != 0;
       break;
     case 2:
-      this->legacy_int = value.as_int32();
+      this->legacy_int = static_cast<int32_t>(value);
       break;
     case 5:
-      this->int_ = value.as_sint32();
+      this->int_ = decode_zigzag32(static_cast<uint32_t>(value));
       break;
     case 6:
-      this->bool_array.push_back(value.as_bool());
+      this->bool_array.push_back(value != 0);
       break;
     case 7:
-      this->int_array.push_back(value.as_sint32());
+      this->int_array.push_back(decode_zigzag32(static_cast<uint32_t>(value)));
       break;
     default:
       return false;
@@ -1202,16 +1202,16 @@ void ExecuteServiceArgument::decode(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t length) {
   this->string_array.init(count_string_array);
   ProtoDecodableMessage::decode(buffer, length);
 }
-bool ExecuteServiceRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool ExecuteServiceRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
     case 3:
-      this->call_id = value.as_uint32();
+      this->call_id = value;
       break;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
     case 4:
-      this->return_response = value.as_bool();
+      this->return_response = value != 0;
       break;
 #endif
     default:
@@ -1313,13 +1313,13 @@ uint32_t CameraImageResponse::calculate_size() const {
 #endif
   return size;
 }
-bool CameraImageRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool CameraImageRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 1:
-      this->single = value.as_bool();
+      this->single = value != 0;
       break;
     case 2:
-      this->stream = value.as_bool();
+      this->stream = value != 0;
       break;
     default:
       return false;
@@ -1468,53 +1468,53 @@ uint32_t ClimateStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
 #endif
   return size;
 }
-bool ClimateCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool ClimateCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 2:
-      this->has_mode = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_mode = value != 0;
       break;
     case 3:
-      this->mode = static_cast<enums::ClimateMode>(value.as_uint32());
+      this->mode = static_cast<enums::ClimateMode>(value);
       break;
     case 4:
-      this->has_target_temperature = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_target_temperature = value != 0;
       break;
     case 6:
-      this->has_target_temperature_low = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_target_temperature_low = value != 0;
       break;
     case 8:
-      this->has_target_temperature_high = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_target_temperature_high = value != 0;
       break;
     case 12:
-      this->has_fan_mode = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_fan_mode = value != 0;
       break;
     case 13:
-      this->fan_mode = static_cast<enums::ClimateFanMode>(value.as_uint32());
+      this->fan_mode = static_cast<enums::ClimateFanMode>(value);
       break;
     case 14:
-      this->has_swing_mode = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_swing_mode = value != 0;
       break;
     case 15:
-      this->swing_mode = static_cast<enums::ClimateSwingMode>(value.as_uint32());
+      this->swing_mode = static_cast<enums::ClimateSwingMode>(value);
       break;
     case 16:
-      this->has_custom_fan_mode = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_custom_fan_mode = value != 0;
       break;
     case 18:
-      this->has_preset = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_preset = value != 0;
       break;
     case 19:
-      this->preset = static_cast<enums::ClimatePreset>(value.as_uint32());
+      this->preset = static_cast<enums::ClimatePreset>(value);
       break;
     case 20:
-      this->has_custom_preset = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_custom_preset = value != 0;
       break;
     case 22:
-      this->has_target_humidity = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_target_humidity = value != 0;
       break;
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
     case 24:
-      this->device_id = value.as_uint32();
+      this->device_id = value;
       break;
 #endif
     default:
@@ -1631,21 +1631,21 @@ uint32_t WaterHeaterStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
   size += ProtoSize::calc_float(1, this->target_temperature_high);
   return size;
 }
-bool WaterHeaterCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool WaterHeaterCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 2:
-      this->has_fields = value.as_uint32();
+      this->has_fields = value;
       break;
     case 3:
-      this->mode = static_cast<enums::WaterHeaterMode>(value.as_uint32());
+      this->mode = static_cast<enums::WaterHeaterMode>(value);
       break;
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
     case 5:
-      this->device_id = value.as_uint32();
+      this->device_id = value;
       break;
 #endif
     case 6:
-      this->state = value.as_uint32();
+      this->state = value;
       break;
     default:
       return false;
@@ -1731,11 +1731,11 @@ uint32_t NumberStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
 #endif
   return size;
 }
-bool NumberCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool NumberCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
     case 3:
-      this->device_id = value.as_uint32();
+      this->device_id = value;
       break;
 #endif
     default:
@@ -1812,11 +1812,11 @@ uint32_t SelectStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
 #endif
   return size;
 }
-bool SelectCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool SelectCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
     case 3:
-      this->device_id = value.as_uint32();
+      this->device_id = value;
       break;
 #endif
     default:
@@ -1903,29 +1903,29 @@ uint32_t SirenStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
 #endif
   return size;
 }
-bool SirenCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool SirenCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 2:
-      this->has_state = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_state = value != 0;
       break;
     case 3:
-      this->state = value.as_bool();
+      this->state = value != 0;
       break;
     case 4:
-      this->has_tone = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_tone = value != 0;
       break;
     case 6:
-      this->has_duration = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_duration = value != 0;
       break;
     case 7:
-      this->duration = value.as_uint32();
+      this->duration = value;
       break;
     case 8:
-      this->has_volume = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_volume = value != 0;
       break;
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
     case 10:
-      this->device_id = value.as_uint32();
+      this->device_id = value;
       break;
 #endif
     default:
@@ -2011,17 +2011,17 @@ uint32_t LockStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
 #endif
   return size;
 }
-bool LockCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool LockCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 2:
-      this->command = static_cast<enums::LockCommand>(value.as_uint32());
+      this->command = static_cast<enums::LockCommand>(value);
       break;
     case 3:
-      this->has_code = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_code = value != 0;
       break;
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
     case 5:
-      this->device_id = value.as_uint32();
+      this->device_id = value;
       break;
 #endif
     default:
@@ -2082,11 +2082,11 @@ uint32_t ListEntitiesButtonResponse::calculate_size() const {
 #endif
   return size;
 }
-bool ButtonCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool ButtonCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
     case 2:
-      this->device_id = value.as_uint32();
+      this->device_id = value;
       break;
 #endif
     default:
@@ -2182,29 +2182,29 @@ uint32_t MediaPlayerStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
 #endif
   return size;
 }
-bool MediaPlayerCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool MediaPlayerCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 2:
-      this->has_command = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_command = value != 0;
       break;
     case 3:
-      this->command = static_cast<enums::MediaPlayerCommand>(value.as_uint32());
+      this->command = static_cast<enums::MediaPlayerCommand>(value);
       break;
     case 4:
-      this->has_volume = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_volume = value != 0;
       break;
     case 6:
-      this->has_media_url = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_media_url = value != 0;
       break;
     case 8:
-      this->has_announcement = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_announcement = value != 0;
       break;
     case 9:
-      this->announcement = value.as_bool();
+      this->announcement = value != 0;
       break;
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
     case 10:
-      this->device_id = value.as_uint32();
+      this->device_id = value;
       break;
 #endif
     default:
@@ -2238,10 +2238,10 @@ bool MediaPlayerCommandRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
-bool SubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool SubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 1:
-      this->flags = value.as_uint32();
+      this->flags = value;
       break;
     default:
       return false;
@@ -2274,19 +2274,19 @@ uint32_t BluetoothLERawAdvertisementsResponse::calculate_size() const {
   }
   return size;
 }
-bool BluetoothDeviceRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool BluetoothDeviceRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 1:
-      this->address = value.as_uint64();
+      this->address = value;
       break;
     case 2:
-      this->request_type = static_cast<enums::BluetoothDeviceRequestType>(value.as_uint32());
+      this->request_type = static_cast<enums::BluetoothDeviceRequestType>(value);
       break;
     case 3:
-      this->has_address_type = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_address_type = value != 0;
       break;
     case 4:
-      this->address_type = value.as_uint32();
+      this->address_type = value;
       break;
     default:
       return false;
@@ -2307,10 +2307,10 @@ uint32_t BluetoothDeviceConnectionResponse::calculate_size() const {
   size += ProtoSize::calc_int32(1, this->error);
   return size;
 }
-bool BluetoothGATTGetServicesRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool BluetoothGATTGetServicesRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 1:
-      this->address = value.as_uint64();
+      this->address = value;
       break;
     default:
       return false;
@@ -2413,13 +2413,13 @@ uint32_t BluetoothGATTGetServicesDoneResponse::calculate_size() const {
   size += ProtoSize::calc_uint64(1, this->address);
   return size;
 }
-bool BluetoothGATTReadRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool BluetoothGATTReadRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 1:
-      this->address = value.as_uint64();
+      this->address = value;
       break;
     case 2:
-      this->handle = value.as_uint32();
+      this->handle = value;
       break;
     default:
       return false;
@@ -2438,16 +2438,16 @@ uint32_t BluetoothGATTReadResponse::calculate_size() const {
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->data_len_);
   return size;
 }
-bool BluetoothGATTWriteRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool BluetoothGATTWriteRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 1:
-      this->address = value.as_uint64();
+      this->address = value;
       break;
     case 2:
-      this->handle = value.as_uint32();
+      this->handle = value;
       break;
     case 3:
-      this->response = value.as_bool();
+      this->response = value != 0;
       break;
     default:
       return false;
@@ -2466,26 +2466,26 @@ bool BluetoothGATTWriteRequest::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDeli
   }
   return true;
 }
-bool BluetoothGATTReadDescriptorRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool BluetoothGATTReadDescriptorRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 1:
-      this->address = value.as_uint64();
+      this->address = value;
       break;
     case 2:
-      this->handle = value.as_uint32();
+      this->handle = value;
       break;
     default:
       return false;
   }
   return true;
 }
-bool BluetoothGATTWriteDescriptorRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool BluetoothGATTWriteDescriptorRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 1:
-      this->address = value.as_uint64();
+      this->address = value;
       break;
     case 2:
-      this->handle = value.as_uint32();
+      this->handle = value;
       break;
     default:
       return false;
@@ -2504,16 +2504,16 @@ bool BluetoothGATTWriteDescriptorRequest::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, Proto
   }
   return true;
 }
-bool BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 1:
-      this->address = value.as_uint64();
+      this->address = value;
       break;
     case 2:
-      this->handle = value.as_uint32();
+      this->handle = value;
       break;
     case 3:
-      this->enable = value.as_bool();
+      this->enable = value != 0;
       break;
     default:
       return false;
@@ -2632,10 +2632,10 @@ uint32_t BluetoothScannerStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
   size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->configured_mode));
   return size;
 }
-bool BluetoothScannerSetModeRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool BluetoothScannerSetModeRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 1:
-      this->mode = static_cast<enums::BluetoothScannerMode>(value.as_uint32());
+      this->mode = static_cast<enums::BluetoothScannerMode>(value);
       break;
     default:
       return false;
@@ -2644,13 +2644,13 @@ bool BluetoothScannerSetModeRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarIn
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
-bool SubscribeVoiceAssistantRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool SubscribeVoiceAssistantRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 1:
-      this->subscribe = value.as_bool();
+      this->subscribe = value != 0;
       break;
     case 2:
-      this->flags = value.as_uint32();
+      this->flags = value;
       break;
     default:
       return false;
@@ -2685,13 +2685,13 @@ uint32_t VoiceAssistantRequest::calculate_size() const {
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->wake_word_phrase.size());
   return size;
 }
-bool VoiceAssistantResponse::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool VoiceAssistantResponse::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 1:
-      this->port = value.as_uint32();
+      this->port = value;
       break;
     case 2:
-      this->error = value.as_bool();
+      this->error = value != 0;
       break;
     default:
       return false;
@@ -2713,10 +2713,10 @@ bool VoiceAssistantEventData::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimi
   }
   return true;
 }
-bool VoiceAssistantEventResponse::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool VoiceAssistantEventResponse::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 1:
-      this->event_type = static_cast<enums::VoiceAssistantEvent>(value.as_uint32());
+      this->event_type = static_cast<enums::VoiceAssistantEvent>(value);
       break;
     default:
       return false;
@@ -2734,10 +2734,10 @@ bool VoiceAssistantEventResponse::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDe
   }
   return true;
 }
-bool VoiceAssistantAudio::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool VoiceAssistantAudio::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 2:
-      this->end = value.as_bool();
+      this->end = value != 0;
       break;
     default:
       return false;
@@ -2766,19 +2766,19 @@ uint32_t VoiceAssistantAudio::calculate_size() const {
   size += ProtoSize::calc_bool(1, this->end);
   return size;
 }
-bool VoiceAssistantTimerEventResponse::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool VoiceAssistantTimerEventResponse::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 1:
-      this->event_type = static_cast<enums::VoiceAssistantTimerEvent>(value.as_uint32());
+      this->event_type = static_cast<enums::VoiceAssistantTimerEvent>(value);
       break;
     case 4:
-      this->total_seconds = value.as_uint32();
+      this->total_seconds = value;
       break;
     case 5:
-      this->seconds_left = value.as_uint32();
+      this->seconds_left = value;
       break;
     case 6:
-      this->is_active = value.as_bool();
+      this->is_active = value != 0;
       break;
     default:
       return false;
@@ -2800,10 +2800,10 @@ bool VoiceAssistantTimerEventResponse::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLen
   }
   return true;
 }
-bool VoiceAssistantAnnounceRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool VoiceAssistantAnnounceRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 4:
-      this->start_conversation = value.as_bool();
+      this->start_conversation = value != 0;
       break;
     default:
       return false;
@@ -2853,10 +2853,10 @@ uint32_t VoiceAssistantWakeWord::calculate_size() const {
   }
   return size;
 }
-bool VoiceAssistantExternalWakeWord::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool VoiceAssistantExternalWakeWord::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 5:
-      this->model_size = value.as_uint32();
+      this->model_size = value;
       break;
     default:
       return false;
@@ -2990,14 +2990,14 @@ uint32_t AlarmControlPanelStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
 #endif
   return size;
 }
-bool AlarmControlPanelCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool AlarmControlPanelCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 2:
-      this->command = static_cast<enums::AlarmControlPanelStateCommand>(value.as_uint32());
+      this->command = static_cast<enums::AlarmControlPanelStateCommand>(value);
       break;
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
     case 4:
-      this->device_id = value.as_uint32();
+      this->device_id = value;
       break;
 #endif
     default:
@@ -3082,11 +3082,11 @@ uint32_t TextStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
 #endif
   return size;
 }
-bool TextCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool TextCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
     case 3:
-      this->device_id = value.as_uint32();
+      this->device_id = value;
       break;
 #endif
     default:
@@ -3167,20 +3167,20 @@ uint32_t DateStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
 #endif
   return size;
 }
-bool DateCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool DateCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 2:
-      this->year = value.as_uint32();
+      this->year = value;
       break;
     case 3:
-      this->month = value.as_uint32();
+      this->month = value;
       break;
     case 4:
-      this->day = value.as_uint32();
+      this->day = value;
       break;
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
     case 5:
-      this->device_id = value.as_uint32();
+      this->device_id = value;
       break;
 #endif
     default:
@@ -3250,20 +3250,20 @@ uint32_t TimeStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
 #endif
   return size;
 }
-bool TimeCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool TimeCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 2:
-      this->hour = value.as_uint32();
+      this->hour = value;
       break;
     case 3:
-      this->minute = value.as_uint32();
+      this->minute = value;
       break;
     case 4:
-      this->second = value.as_uint32();
+      this->second = value;
       break;
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
     case 5:
-      this->device_id = value.as_uint32();
+      this->device_id = value;
       break;
 #endif
     default:
@@ -3393,17 +3393,17 @@ uint32_t ValveStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
 #endif
   return size;
 }
-bool ValveCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool ValveCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 2:
-      this->has_position = value.as_bool();
+      this->has_position = value != 0;
       break;
     case 4:
-      this->stop = value.as_bool();
+      this->stop = value != 0;
       break;
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
     case 5:
-      this->device_id = value.as_uint32();
+      this->device_id = value;
       break;
 #endif
     default:
@@ -3472,11 +3472,11 @@ uint32_t DateTimeStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
 #endif
   return size;
 }
-bool DateTimeCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool DateTimeCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
     case 3:
-      this->device_id = value.as_uint32();
+      this->device_id = value;
       break;
 #endif
     default:
@@ -3561,14 +3561,14 @@ uint32_t UpdateStateResponse::calculate_size() const {
 #endif
   return size;
 }
-bool UpdateCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool UpdateCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 2:
-      this->command = static_cast<enums::UpdateCommand>(value.as_uint32());
+      this->command = static_cast<enums::UpdateCommand>(value);
       break;
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
     case 3:
-      this->device_id = value.as_uint32();
+      this->device_id = value;
       break;
 #endif
     default:
@@ -3606,10 +3606,10 @@ uint32_t ZWaveProxyFrame::calculate_size() const {
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->data_len);
   return size;
 }
-bool ZWaveProxyRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool ZWaveProxyRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 1:
-      this->type = static_cast<enums::ZWaveProxyRequestType>(value.as_uint32());
+      this->type = static_cast<enums::ZWaveProxyRequestType>(value);
       break;
     default:
       return false;
@@ -3672,18 +3672,18 @@ uint32_t ListEntitiesInfraredResponse::calculate_size() const {
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_IR_RF
-bool InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
     case 1:
-      this->device_id = value.as_uint32();
+      this->device_id = value;
       break;
 #endif
     case 3:
-      this->carrier_frequency = value.as_uint32();
+      this->carrier_frequency = value;
       break;
     case 4:
-      this->repeat_count = value.as_uint32();
+      this->repeat_count = value;
       break;
     default:
       return false;
@@ -3737,25 +3737,25 @@ uint32_t InfraredRFReceiveEvent::calculate_size() const {
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
-bool SerialProxyConfigureRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool SerialProxyConfigureRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 1:
-      this->instance = value.as_uint32();
+      this->instance = value;
       break;
     case 2:
-      this->baudrate = value.as_uint32();
+      this->baudrate = value;
       break;
     case 3:
-      this->flow_control = value.as_bool();
+      this->flow_control = value != 0;
       break;
     case 4:
-      this->parity = static_cast<enums::SerialProxyParity>(value.as_uint32());
+      this->parity = static_cast<enums::SerialProxyParity>(value);
       break;
     case 5:
-      this->stop_bits = value.as_uint32();
+      this->stop_bits = value;
       break;
     case 6:
-      this->data_size = value.as_uint32();
+      this->data_size = value;
       break;
     default:
       return false;
@@ -3772,10 +3772,10 @@ uint32_t SerialProxyDataReceived::calculate_size() const {
   size += ProtoSize::calc_length(1, this->data_len_);
   return size;
 }
-bool SerialProxyWriteRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool SerialProxyWriteRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 1:
-      this->instance = value.as_uint32();
+      this->instance = value;
       break;
     default:
       return false;
@@ -3794,23 +3794,23 @@ bool SerialProxyWriteRequest::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimi
   }
   return true;
 }
-bool SerialProxySetModemPinsRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool SerialProxySetModemPinsRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 1:
-      this->instance = value.as_uint32();
+      this->instance = value;
       break;
     case 2:
-      this->line_states = value.as_uint32();
+      this->line_states = value;
       break;
     default:
       return false;
   }
   return true;
 }
-bool SerialProxyGetModemPinsRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool SerialProxyGetModemPinsRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 1:
-      this->instance = value.as_uint32();
+      this->instance = value;
       break;
     default:
       return false;
@@ -3827,13 +3827,13 @@ uint32_t SerialProxyGetModemPinsResponse::calculate_size() const {
   size += ProtoSize::calc_uint32(1, this->line_states);
   return size;
 }
-bool SerialProxyRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool SerialProxyRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 1:
-      this->instance = value.as_uint32();
+      this->instance = value;
       break;
     case 2:
-      this->type = static_cast<enums::SerialProxyRequestType>(value.as_uint32());
+      this->type = static_cast<enums::SerialProxyRequestType>(value);
       break;
     default:
       return false;
@@ -3856,22 +3856,22 @@ uint32_t SerialProxyRequestResponse::calculate_size() const {
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
-bool BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+bool BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 1:
-      this->address = value.as_uint64();
+      this->address = value;
       break;
     case 2:
-      this->min_interval = value.as_uint32();
+      this->min_interval = value;
       break;
     case 3:
-      this->max_interval = value.as_uint32();
+      this->max_interval = value;
       break;
     case 4:
-      this->latency = value.as_uint32();
+      this->latency = value;
       break;
     case 5:
-      this->timeout = value.as_uint32();
+      this->timeout = value;
       break;
     default:
       return false;
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h
index 5c712508b9..a4ee0adb8b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ class HelloRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 
  protected:
   bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) override;
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 class HelloResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
@@ -688,7 +688,7 @@ class CoverCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 
  protected:
   bool decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) override;
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_FAN
@@ -756,7 +756,7 @@ class FanCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  protected:
   bool decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) override;
   bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) override;
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_LIGHT
@@ -846,7 +846,7 @@ class LightCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  protected:
   bool decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) override;
   bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) override;
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
@@ -936,7 +936,7 @@ class SwitchCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 
  protected:
   bool decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) override;
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
@@ -988,7 +988,7 @@ class SubscribeLogsRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 #endif
 
  protected:
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 class SubscribeLogsResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
@@ -1110,7 +1110,7 @@ class HomeassistantActionResponse final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 
  protected:
   bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) override;
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
@@ -1176,7 +1176,7 @@ class DSTRule final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 #endif
 
  protected:
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 class ParsedTimezone final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
@@ -1190,7 +1190,7 @@ class ParsedTimezone final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 
  protected:
   bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) override;
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 class GetTimeResponse final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
@@ -1261,7 +1261,7 @@ class ExecuteServiceArgument final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  protected:
   bool decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) override;
   bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) override;
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 class ExecuteServiceRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
@@ -1286,7 +1286,7 @@ class ExecuteServiceRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  protected:
   bool decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) override;
   bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) override;
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
@@ -1365,7 +1365,7 @@ class CameraImageRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 #endif
 
  protected:
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_CLIMATE
@@ -1464,7 +1464,7 @@ class ClimateCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  protected:
   bool decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) override;
   bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) override;
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_WATER_HEATER
@@ -1528,7 +1528,7 @@ class WaterHeaterCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 
  protected:
   bool decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) override;
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_NUMBER
@@ -1584,7 +1584,7 @@ class NumberCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 
  protected:
   bool decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) override;
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
@@ -1636,7 +1636,7 @@ class SelectCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  protected:
   bool decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) override;
   bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) override;
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SIREN
@@ -1696,7 +1696,7 @@ class SirenCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  protected:
   bool decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) override;
   bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) override;
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_LOCK
@@ -1752,7 +1752,7 @@ class LockCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  protected:
   bool decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) override;
   bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) override;
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BUTTON
@@ -1785,7 +1785,7 @@ class ButtonCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 
  protected:
   bool decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) override;
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
@@ -1862,7 +1862,7 @@ class MediaPlayerCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  protected:
   bool decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) override;
   bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) override;
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
@@ -1879,7 +1879,7 @@ class SubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMes
 #endif
 
  protected:
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 class BluetoothLERawAdvertisement final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
@@ -1929,7 +1929,7 @@ class BluetoothDeviceRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 #endif
 
  protected:
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 class BluetoothDeviceConnectionResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
@@ -1963,7 +1963,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTGetServicesRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 #endif
 
  protected:
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 class BluetoothGATTDescriptor final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
@@ -2054,7 +2054,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTReadRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 #endif
 
  protected:
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 class BluetoothGATTReadResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
@@ -2097,7 +2097,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTWriteRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 
  protected:
   bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) override;
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 class BluetoothGATTReadDescriptorRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
@@ -2113,7 +2113,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTReadDescriptorRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 #endif
 
  protected:
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 class BluetoothGATTWriteDescriptorRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
@@ -2132,7 +2132,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTWriteDescriptorRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 
  protected:
   bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) override;
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 class BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
@@ -2149,7 +2149,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 #endif
 
  protected:
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 class BluetoothGATTNotifyDataResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
@@ -2329,7 +2329,7 @@ class BluetoothScannerSetModeRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 #endif
 
  protected:
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
@@ -2347,7 +2347,7 @@ class SubscribeVoiceAssistantRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 #endif
 
  protected:
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 class VoiceAssistantAudioSettings final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
@@ -2396,7 +2396,7 @@ class VoiceAssistantResponse final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 #endif
 
  protected:
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 class VoiceAssistantEventData final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
@@ -2424,7 +2424,7 @@ class VoiceAssistantEventResponse final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 
  protected:
   bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) override;
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 class VoiceAssistantAudio final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
@@ -2444,7 +2444,7 @@ class VoiceAssistantAudio final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 
  protected:
   bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) override;
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 class VoiceAssistantTimerEventResponse final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
@@ -2465,7 +2465,7 @@ class VoiceAssistantTimerEventResponse final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 
  protected:
   bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) override;
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 class VoiceAssistantAnnounceRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
@@ -2484,7 +2484,7 @@ class VoiceAssistantAnnounceRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 
  protected:
   bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) override;
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 class VoiceAssistantAnnounceFinished final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
@@ -2530,7 +2530,7 @@ class VoiceAssistantExternalWakeWord final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 
  protected:
   bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) override;
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 class VoiceAssistantConfigurationRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
@@ -2632,7 +2632,7 @@ class AlarmControlPanelCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  protected:
   bool decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) override;
   bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) override;
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_TEXT
@@ -2687,7 +2687,7 @@ class TextCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  protected:
   bool decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) override;
   bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) override;
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATE
@@ -2741,7 +2741,7 @@ class DateCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 
  protected:
   bool decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) override;
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_TIME
@@ -2795,7 +2795,7 @@ class TimeCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 
  protected:
   bool decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) override;
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_EVENT
@@ -2886,7 +2886,7 @@ class ValveCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 
  protected:
   bool decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) override;
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATETIME
@@ -2936,7 +2936,7 @@ class DateTimeCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 
  protected:
   bool decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) override;
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_UPDATE
@@ -2994,7 +2994,7 @@ class UpdateCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
 
  protected:
   bool decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) override;
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
@@ -3034,7 +3034,7 @@ class ZWaveProxyRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 
  protected:
   bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) override;
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_INFRARED
@@ -3079,7 +3079,7 @@ class InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  protected:
   bool decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) override;
   bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) override;
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 class InfraredRFReceiveEvent final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
@@ -3121,7 +3121,7 @@ class SerialProxyConfigureRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 #endif
 
  protected:
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 class SerialProxyDataReceived final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
@@ -3161,7 +3161,7 @@ class SerialProxyWriteRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 
  protected:
   bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) override;
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 class SerialProxySetModemPinsRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
@@ -3177,7 +3177,7 @@ class SerialProxySetModemPinsRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 #endif
 
  protected:
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 class SerialProxyGetModemPinsRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
@@ -3192,7 +3192,7 @@ class SerialProxyGetModemPinsRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 #endif
 
  protected:
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 class SerialProxyGetModemPinsResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
@@ -3225,7 +3225,7 @@ class SerialProxyRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 #endif
 
  protected:
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 class SerialProxyRequestResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
@@ -3265,7 +3265,7 @@ class BluetoothSetConnectionParamsRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 #endif
 
  protected:
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;
 };
 class BluetoothSetConnectionParamsResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/proto.cpp b/esphome/components/api/proto.cpp
index fb229928e5..4f5b3f0918 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/proto.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/proto.cpp
@@ -20,20 +20,40 @@ void ProtoWriteBuffer::encode_varint_raw_slow_(uint32_t value) {
   *this->pos_++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(value);
 }
 
+ProtoVarIntResult ProtoVarInt::parse_slow(const uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t len) {
+  // Multi-byte varint: first byte already checked to have high bit set
+  uint32_t result32 = buffer[0] & 0x7F;
 #ifdef USE_API_VARINT64
-optional<ProtoVarInt> ProtoVarInt::parse_wide(const uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t len, uint32_t *consumed,
-                                              uint32_t result32) {
+  uint32_t limit = std::min(len, uint32_t(4));
+#else
+  uint32_t limit = std::min(len, uint32_t(5));
+#endif
+  for (uint32_t i = 1; i < limit; i++) {
+    uint8_t val = buffer[i];
+    result32 |= uint32_t(val & 0x7F) << (i * 7);
+    if ((val & 0x80) == 0) {
+      return {result32, i + 1};
+    }
+  }
+#ifdef USE_API_VARINT64
+  return parse_wide(buffer, len, result32);
+#else
+  return {0, PROTO_VARINT_PARSE_FAILED};
+#endif
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_API_VARINT64
+ProtoVarIntResult ProtoVarInt::parse_wide(const uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t len, uint32_t result32) {
   uint64_t result64 = result32;
   uint32_t limit = std::min(len, uint32_t(10));
   for (uint32_t i = 4; i < limit; i++) {
     uint8_t val = buffer[i];
     result64 |= uint64_t(val & 0x7F) << (i * 7);
     if ((val & 0x80) == 0) {
-      *consumed = i + 1;
-      return ProtoVarInt(result64);
+      return {result64, i + 1};
     }
   }
-  return {};
+  return {0, PROTO_VARINT_PARSE_FAILED};
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -43,18 +63,16 @@ uint32_t ProtoDecodableMessage::count_repeated_field(const uint8_t *buffer, size
   const uint8_t *end = buffer + length;
 
   while (ptr < end) {
-    uint32_t consumed;
-
-    // Parse field header (tag)
-    auto res = ProtoVarInt::parse(ptr, end - ptr, &consumed);
+    // Parse field header (tag) - ptr < end guarantees len >= 1
+    auto res = ProtoVarInt::parse_non_empty(ptr, end - ptr);
     if (!res.has_value()) {
       break;  // Invalid data, stop counting
     }
 
-    uint32_t tag = res->as_uint32();
+    uint32_t tag = static_cast<uint32_t>(res.value);
     uint32_t field_type = tag & WIRE_TYPE_MASK;
     uint32_t field_id = tag >> 3;
-    ptr += consumed;
+    ptr += res.consumed;
 
     // Count if this is the target field
     if (field_id == target_field_id) {
@@ -64,20 +82,20 @@ uint32_t ProtoDecodableMessage::count_repeated_field(const uint8_t *buffer, size
     // Skip field data based on wire type
     switch (field_type) {
       case WIRE_TYPE_VARINT: {  // VarInt - parse and skip
-        res = ProtoVarInt::parse(ptr, end - ptr, &consumed);
+        res = ProtoVarInt::parse(ptr, end - ptr);
         if (!res.has_value()) {
           return count;  // Invalid data, return what we have
         }
-        ptr += consumed;
+        ptr += res.consumed;
         break;
       }
       case WIRE_TYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED: {  // Length-delimited - parse length and skip data
-        res = ProtoVarInt::parse(ptr, end - ptr, &consumed);
+        res = ProtoVarInt::parse(ptr, end - ptr);
         if (!res.has_value()) {
           return count;
         }
-        uint32_t field_length = res->as_uint32();
-        ptr += consumed;
+        uint32_t field_length = static_cast<uint32_t>(res.value);
+        ptr += res.consumed;
         if (field_length > static_cast<size_t>(end - ptr)) {
           return count;  // Out of bounds
         }
@@ -190,41 +208,40 @@ void ProtoDecodableMessage::decode(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t length) {
   const uint8_t *end = buffer + length;
 
   while (ptr < end) {
-    uint32_t consumed;
-
-    // Parse field header
-    auto res = ProtoVarInt::parse(ptr, end - ptr, &consumed);
+    // Parse field header - ptr < end guarantees len >= 1
+    auto res = ProtoVarInt::parse_non_empty(ptr, end - ptr);
     if (!res.has_value()) {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Invalid field start at offset %ld", (long) (ptr - buffer));
       return;
     }
 
-    uint32_t tag = res->as_uint32();
+    uint32_t tag = static_cast<uint32_t>(res.value);
     uint32_t field_type = tag & WIRE_TYPE_MASK;
     uint32_t field_id = tag >> 3;
-    ptr += consumed;
+    ptr += res.consumed;
 
     switch (field_type) {
       case WIRE_TYPE_VARINT: {  // VarInt
-        res = ProtoVarInt::parse(ptr, end - ptr, &consumed);
+        res = ProtoVarInt::parse(ptr, end - ptr);
         if (!res.has_value()) {
           ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Invalid VarInt at offset %ld", (long) (ptr - buffer));
           return;
         }
-        if (!this->decode_varint(field_id, *res)) {
-          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Cannot decode VarInt field %" PRIu32 " with value %" PRIu32 "!", field_id, res->as_uint32());
+        if (!this->decode_varint(field_id, res.value)) {
+          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Cannot decode VarInt field %" PRIu32 " with value %" PRIu64 "!", field_id,
+                   static_cast<uint64_t>(res.value));
         }
-        ptr += consumed;
+        ptr += res.consumed;
         break;
       }
       case WIRE_TYPE_LENGTH_DELIMITED: {  // Length-delimited
-        res = ProtoVarInt::parse(ptr, end - ptr, &consumed);
+        res = ProtoVarInt::parse(ptr, end - ptr);
         if (!res.has_value()) {
           ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Invalid Length Delimited at offset %ld", (long) (ptr - buffer));
           return;
         }
-        uint32_t field_length = res->as_uint32();
-        ptr += consumed;
+        uint32_t field_length = static_cast<uint32_t>(res.value);
+        ptr += res.consumed;
         if (field_length > static_cast<size_t>(end - ptr)) {
           ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Out-of-bounds Length Delimited at offset %ld", (long) (ptr - buffer));
           return;
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/proto.h b/esphome/components/api/proto.h
index adde0a8a85..7050efb446 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/proto.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/proto.h
@@ -98,90 +98,56 @@ inline void encode_varint_to_buffer(uint32_t val, uint8_t *buffer) {
  * within the same function scope where temporaries are created.
  */
 
-/// Representation of a VarInt - in ProtoBuf should be 64bit but we only use 32bit
+/// Type used for decoded varint values - uint64_t when BLE needs 64-bit addresses, uint32_t otherwise
+#ifdef USE_API_VARINT64
+using proto_varint_value_t = uint64_t;
+#else
+using proto_varint_value_t = uint32_t;
+#endif
+
+/// Sentinel value for consumed field indicating parse failure
+inline constexpr uint32_t PROTO_VARINT_PARSE_FAILED = 0;
+
+/// Result of parsing a varint: value + number of bytes consumed.
+/// consumed == PROTO_VARINT_PARSE_FAILED indicates parse failure (not enough data or invalid).
+struct ProtoVarIntResult {
+  proto_varint_value_t value;
+  uint32_t consumed;  // PROTO_VARINT_PARSE_FAILED = parse failed
+
+  constexpr bool has_value() const { return this->consumed != PROTO_VARINT_PARSE_FAILED; }
+};
+
+/// Static varint parsing methods for the protobuf wire format.
 class ProtoVarInt {
  public:
-  ProtoVarInt() : value_(0) {}
-  explicit ProtoVarInt(uint64_t value) : value_(value) {}
-
-  /// Parse a varint from buffer. consumed must be a valid pointer (not null).
-  static optional<ProtoVarInt> parse(const uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t len, uint32_t *consumed) {
+  /// Parse a varint from buffer. Caller must ensure len >= 1.
+  /// Returns result with consumed=0 on failure (truncated multi-byte varint).
+  static inline ProtoVarIntResult ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE parse_non_empty(const uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t len) {
 #ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_API
-    assert(consumed != nullptr);
+    assert(len > 0);
 #endif
-    if (len == 0)
-      return {};
     // Fast path: single-byte varints (0-127) are the most common case
-    // (booleans, small enums, field tags). Avoid loop overhead entirely.
-    if ((buffer[0] & 0x80) == 0) {
-      *consumed = 1;
-      return ProtoVarInt(buffer[0]);
-    }
-    // 32-bit phase: process remaining bytes with native 32-bit shifts.
-    // Without USE_API_VARINT64: cover bytes 1-4 (shifts 7, 14, 21, 28) — the uint32_t
-    // shift at byte 4 (shift by 28) may lose bits 32-34, but those are always zero for valid uint32 values.
-    // With USE_API_VARINT64: cover bytes 1-3 (shifts 7, 14, 21) so parse_wide handles
-    // byte 4+ with full 64-bit arithmetic (avoids truncating values > UINT32_MAX).
-    uint32_t result32 = buffer[0] & 0x7F;
-#ifdef USE_API_VARINT64
-    uint32_t limit = std::min(len, uint32_t(4));
-#else
-    uint32_t limit = std::min(len, uint32_t(5));
-#endif
-    for (uint32_t i = 1; i < limit; i++) {
-      uint8_t val = buffer[i];
-      result32 |= uint32_t(val & 0x7F) << (i * 7);
-      if ((val & 0x80) == 0) {
-        *consumed = i + 1;
-        return ProtoVarInt(result32);
-      }
-    }
-    // 64-bit phase for remaining bytes (BLE addresses etc.)
-#ifdef USE_API_VARINT64
-    return parse_wide(buffer, len, consumed, result32);
-#else
-    return {};
-#endif
+    // (booleans, small enums, field tags, small message sizes/types).
+    if ((buffer[0] & 0x80) == 0) [[likely]]
+      return {buffer[0], 1};
+    return parse_slow(buffer, len);
+  }
+
+  /// Parse a varint from buffer (safe for empty buffers).
+  /// Returns result with consumed=0 on failure (empty buffer or truncated varint).
+  static inline ProtoVarIntResult ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE parse(const uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t len) {
+    if (len == 0)
+      return {0, PROTO_VARINT_PARSE_FAILED};
+    return parse_non_empty(buffer, len);
   }
 
-#ifdef USE_API_VARINT64
  protected:
+  // Slow path for multi-byte varints (>= 128), outlined to keep fast path small
+  static ProtoVarIntResult parse_slow(const uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t len) __attribute__((noinline));
+
+#ifdef USE_API_VARINT64
   /// Continue parsing varint bytes 4-9 with 64-bit arithmetic.
-  /// Separated to keep 64-bit shift code (__ashldi3 on 32-bit platforms) out of the common path.
-  static optional<ProtoVarInt> parse_wide(const uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t len, uint32_t *consumed, uint32_t result32)
-      __attribute__((noinline));
-
- public:
-#endif
-
-  constexpr uint16_t as_uint16() const { return this->value_; }
-  constexpr uint32_t as_uint32() const { return this->value_; }
-  constexpr bool as_bool() const { return this->value_; }
-  constexpr int32_t as_int32() const {
-    // Not ZigZag encoded
-    return static_cast<int32_t>(this->value_);
-  }
-  constexpr int32_t as_sint32() const {
-    // with ZigZag encoding
-    return decode_zigzag32(static_cast<uint32_t>(this->value_));
-  }
-#ifdef USE_API_VARINT64
-  constexpr uint64_t as_uint64() const { return this->value_; }
-  constexpr int64_t as_int64() const {
-    // Not ZigZag encoded
-    return static_cast<int64_t>(this->value_);
-  }
-  constexpr int64_t as_sint64() const {
-    // with ZigZag encoding
-    return decode_zigzag64(this->value_);
-  }
-#endif
-
- protected:
-#ifdef USE_API_VARINT64
-  uint64_t value_;
-#else
-  uint32_t value_;
+  static ProtoVarIntResult parse_wide(const uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t len, uint32_t result32) __attribute__((noinline));
 #endif
 };
 
@@ -499,7 +465,7 @@ class ProtoDecodableMessage : public ProtoMessage {
 
  protected:
   ~ProtoDecodableMessage() = default;
-  virtual bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) { return false; }
+  virtual bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) { return false; }
   virtual bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) { return false; }
   virtual bool decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) { return false; }
   // NOTE: decode_64bit removed - wire type 1 not supported
diff --git a/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py b/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
index 206f8f558b..b4044c362c 100755
--- a/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
+++ b/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ class FloatType(TypeInfo):
 class Int64Type(TypeInfo):
     cpp_type = "int64_t"
     default_value = "0"
-    decode_varint = "value.as_int64()"
+    decode_varint = "static_cast<int64_t>(value)"
     encode_func = "encode_int64"
     wire_type = WireType.VARINT  # Uses wire type 0
 
@@ -481,7 +481,7 @@ class Int64Type(TypeInfo):
 class UInt64Type(TypeInfo):
     cpp_type = "uint64_t"
     default_value = "0"
-    decode_varint = "value.as_uint64()"
+    decode_varint = "value"
     encode_func = "encode_uint64"
     wire_type = WireType.VARINT  # Uses wire type 0
 
@@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ class UInt64Type(TypeInfo):
 class Int32Type(TypeInfo):
     cpp_type = "int32_t"
     default_value = "0"
-    decode_varint = "value.as_int32()"
+    decode_varint = "static_cast<int32_t>(value)"
     encode_func = "encode_int32"
     wire_type = WireType.VARINT  # Uses wire type 0
 
@@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ class Fixed32Type(TypeInfo):
 class BoolType(TypeInfo):
     cpp_type = "bool"
     default_value = "false"
-    decode_varint = "value.as_bool()"
+    decode_varint = "value != 0"
     encode_func = "encode_bool"
     wire_type = WireType.VARINT  # Uses wire type 0
 
@@ -1151,7 +1151,7 @@ class FixedArrayBytesType(TypeInfo):
 class UInt32Type(TypeInfo):
     cpp_type = "uint32_t"
     default_value = "0"
-    decode_varint = "value.as_uint32()"
+    decode_varint = "value"
     encode_func = "encode_uint32"
     wire_type = WireType.VARINT  # Uses wire type 0
 
@@ -1175,7 +1175,7 @@ class EnumType(TypeInfo):
 
     @property
     def decode_varint(self) -> str:
-        return f"static_cast<{self.cpp_type}>(value.as_uint32())"
+        return f"static_cast<{self.cpp_type}>(value)"
 
     default_value = ""
     wire_type = WireType.VARINT  # Uses wire type 0
@@ -1262,7 +1262,7 @@ class SFixed64Type(TypeInfo):
 class SInt32Type(TypeInfo):
     cpp_type = "int32_t"
     default_value = "0"
-    decode_varint = "value.as_sint32()"
+    decode_varint = "decode_zigzag32(static_cast<uint32_t>(value))"
     encode_func = "encode_sint32"
     wire_type = WireType.VARINT  # Uses wire type 0
 
@@ -1282,7 +1282,7 @@ class SInt32Type(TypeInfo):
 class SInt64Type(TypeInfo):
     cpp_type = "int64_t"
     default_value = "0"
-    decode_varint = "value.as_sint64()"
+    decode_varint = "decode_zigzag64(value)"
     encode_func = "encode_sint64"
     wire_type = WireType.VARINT  # Uses wire type 0
 
@@ -2205,7 +2205,7 @@ def build_message_type(
 
     cpp = ""
     if decode_varint:
-        o = f"bool {desc.name}::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {{\n"
+        o = f"bool {desc.name}::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) {{\n"
         o += "  switch (field_id) {\n"
         o += indent("\n".join(decode_varint), "    ") + "\n"
         o += "    default: return false;\n"
@@ -2213,7 +2213,7 @@ def build_message_type(
         o += "  return true;\n"
         o += "}\n"
         cpp += o
-        prot = "bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;"
+        prot = "bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, proto_varint_value_t value) override;"
         protected_content.insert(0, prot)
     if decode_length:
         o = f"bool {desc.name}::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) {{\n"

From c709010c4cb04c7276f93af781dee82bf566ca85 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Tue, 10 Mar 2026 09:11:12 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 511/609] [api] Replace std::vector<uint8_t> with APIBuffer to
 skip zero-fill (#14593)

---
 esphome/components/api/api_buffer.cpp         | 13 ++++
 esphome/components/api/api_buffer.h           | 67 +++++++++++++++++++
 esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp     |  4 +-
 esphome/components/api/api_connection.h       |  8 +--
 esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h     | 10 +--
 .../components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp |  7 +-
 .../components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.h   |  4 +-
 .../api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp        |  4 +-
 esphome/components/api/api_server.h           |  5 +-
 esphome/components/api/proto.h                | 10 +--
 tests/components/api/test.ln882x-ard.yaml     |  5 ++
 11 files changed, 107 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/api/api_buffer.cpp
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/api/api_buffer.h
 create mode 100644 tests/components/api/test.ln882x-ard.yaml

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_buffer.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_buffer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6db18b0365
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_buffer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#include "api_buffer.h"
+
+namespace esphome::api {
+
+void APIBuffer::grow_(size_t n) {
+  auto new_data = make_buffer(n);
+  if (this->size_)
+    std::memcpy(new_data.get(), this->data_.get(), this->size_);
+  this->data_ = std::move(new_data);
+  this->capacity_ = n;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::api
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_buffer.h b/esphome/components/api/api_buffer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..00801e3ee5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_buffer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+namespace esphome::api {
+
+/// Helper to use make_unique_for_overwrite where available (skips zero-fill),
+/// falling back to make_unique on older GCC (ESP8266, LibreTiny).
+inline std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> make_buffer(size_t n) {
+#if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
+  return std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(n);
+#else
+  return std::make_unique_for_overwrite<uint8_t[]>(n);
+#endif
+}
+
+/// Byte buffer that skips zero-initialization on resize().
+///
+/// std::vector<uint8_t>::resize() zero-fills new bytes via memset. For the
+/// shared protobuf write buffer, every byte is overwritten by the encoder,
+/// making the zero-fill pure waste. For the receive buffer, bytes are
+/// overwritten by socket reads.
+///
+/// Designed for bulk clear/resize/overwrite patterns. grow_() allocates
+/// exactly the requested size (no growth factor) since callers resize to
+/// known sizes rather than appending incrementally.
+///
+/// Safe because: callers always write exactly the number of bytes they
+/// resize for. In the protobuf write path, debug_check_bounds_ validates
+/// writes in debug builds.
+class APIBuffer {
+ public:
+  void clear() { this->size_ = 0; }
+  inline void reserve(size_t n) ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE {
+    if (n > this->capacity_)
+      this->grow_(n);
+  }
+  inline void resize(size_t n) ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE {
+    this->reserve(n);
+    this->size_ = n;  // no zero-fill
+  }
+  uint8_t *data() { return this->data_.get(); }
+  const uint8_t *data() const { return this->data_.get(); }
+  size_t size() const { return this->size_; }
+  bool empty() const { return this->size_ == 0; }
+  uint8_t &operator[](size_t i) { return this->data_[i]; }
+  const uint8_t &operator[](size_t i) const { return this->data_[i]; }
+  /// Release all memory (equivalent to std::vector swap trick).
+  void release() {
+    this->data_.reset();
+    this->size_ = 0;
+    this->capacity_ = 0;
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  void grow_(size_t n);
+  std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> data_;
+  size_t size_{0};
+  size_t capacity_{0};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::api
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
index 7bd5d5120b..dea3ba5460 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp
@@ -2016,7 +2016,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::encode_to_buffer(uint32_t calculated_size, MessageEncode
   if (total_calculated_size > remaining_size)
     return 0;  // Doesn't fit
 
-  std::vector<uint8_t> &shared_buf = conn->parent_->get_shared_buffer_ref();
+  auto &shared_buf = conn->parent_->get_shared_buffer_ref();
 
   if (conn->flags_.batch_first_message) {
     // First message - buffer already prepared by caller, just clear flag
@@ -2184,7 +2184,7 @@ void APIConnection::process_batch_() {
 
 // Separated from process_batch_() so the single-message fast path gets a minimal
 // stack frame without the MAX_MESSAGES_PER_BATCH * sizeof(MessageInfo) array.
-void APIConnection::process_batch_multi_(std::vector<uint8_t> &shared_buf, size_t num_items, uint8_t header_padding,
+void APIConnection::process_batch_multi_(APIBuffer &shared_buf, size_t num_items, uint8_t header_padding,
                                          uint8_t footer_size) {
   // Ensure MessageInfo remains trivially destructible for our placement new approach
   static_assert(std::is_trivially_destructible<MessageInfo>::value,
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
index ccb51186d6..3356511684 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
     }
   }
 
-  void prepare_first_message_buffer(std::vector<uint8_t> &shared_buf, size_t header_padding, size_t total_size) {
+  void prepare_first_message_buffer(APIBuffer &shared_buf, size_t header_padding, size_t total_size) {
     shared_buf.clear();
     // Reserve space for header padding + message + footer
     // - Header padding: space for protocol headers (7 bytes for Noise, 6 for Plaintext)
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
   }
 
   // Convenience overload - computes frame overhead internally
-  void prepare_first_message_buffer(std::vector<uint8_t> &shared_buf, size_t payload_size) {
+  void prepare_first_message_buffer(APIBuffer &shared_buf, size_t payload_size) {
     const uint8_t header_padding = this->helper_->frame_header_padding();
     const uint8_t footer_size = this->helper_->frame_footer_size();
     this->prepare_first_message_buffer(shared_buf, header_padding, payload_size + header_padding + footer_size);
@@ -687,8 +687,8 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 
   bool schedule_batch_();
   void process_batch_();
-  void process_batch_multi_(std::vector<uint8_t> &shared_buf, size_t num_items, uint8_t header_padding,
-                            uint8_t footer_size) __attribute__((noinline));
+  void process_batch_multi_(APIBuffer &shared_buf, size_t num_items, uint8_t header_padding, uint8_t footer_size)
+      __attribute__((noinline));
   void clear_batch_() {
     this->deferred_batch_.clear();
     this->flags_.batch_scheduled = false;
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h
index 151314658e..98de24501e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <span>
 #include <utility>
-#include <vector>
 
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #ifdef USE_API
+#include "esphome/components/api/api_buffer.h"
 #include "esphome/components/socket/socket.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
@@ -178,8 +178,7 @@ class APIFrameHelper {
     // rx_buf_len_ tracks bytes read so far; if non-zero, we're mid-frame
     // and clearing would lose partially received data.
     if (this->rx_buf_len_ == 0) {
-      // Use swap trick since shrink_to_fit() is non-binding and may be ignored
-      std::vector<uint8_t>().swap(this->rx_buf_);
+      this->rx_buf_.release();
     }
   }
 
@@ -206,9 +205,6 @@ class APIFrameHelper {
 
   // Common socket write error handling
   APIError handle_socket_write_error_();
-  template<typename StateEnum>
-  APIError write_raw_(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, socket::Socket *socket, std::vector<uint8_t> &tx_buf,
-                      const std::string &info, StateEnum &state, StateEnum failed_state);
 
   // Socket ownership (4 bytes on 32-bit, 8 bytes on 64-bit)
   std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket_;
@@ -245,7 +241,7 @@ class APIFrameHelper {
 
   // Containers (size varies, but typically 12+ bytes on 32-bit)
   std::array<std::unique_ptr<SendBuffer>, API_MAX_SEND_QUEUE> tx_buf_;
-  std::vector<uint8_t> rx_buf_;
+  APIBuffer rx_buf_;
 
   // Client name buffer - stores name from Hello message or initial peername
   char client_name_[CLIENT_INFO_NAME_MAX_LEN]{};
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp
index 256357ce6a..3e6ecf9dc3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp
@@ -207,9 +207,7 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::try_read_frame_() {
   // During handshake, rx_buf_.size() is used in prologue construction, so
   // the buffer must be exactly msg_size to avoid prologue mismatch.)
   uint16_t alloc_size = msg_size + (is_data ? RX_BUF_NULL_TERMINATOR : 0);
-  if (this->rx_buf_.size() != alloc_size) {
-    this->rx_buf_.resize(alloc_size);
-  }
+  this->rx_buf_.resize(alloc_size);
 
   if (rx_buf_len_ < msg_size) {
     // more data to read
@@ -571,8 +569,7 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::init_handshake_() {
   if (aerr != APIError::OK)
     return aerr;
   // set_prologue copies it into handshakestate, so we can get rid of it now
-  // Use swap idiom to actually release memory (= {} only clears size, not capacity)
-  std::vector<uint8_t>().swap(prologue_);
+  prologue_.release();
 
   err = noise_handshakestate_start(handshake_);
   aerr = handle_noise_error_(err, LOG_STR("noise_handshakestate_start"), APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_SETUP_FAILED);
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.h b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.h
index 183b8c8a51..83410febb2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.h
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ class APINoiseFrameHelper final : public APIFrameHelper {
   // Reference to noise context (4 bytes on 32-bit)
   APINoiseContext &ctx_;
 
-  // Vector (12 bytes on 32-bit)
-  std::vector<uint8_t> prologue_;
+  // Buffer for noise handshake prologue (released after handshake)
+  APIBuffer prologue_;
 
   // NoiseProtocolId (size depends on implementation)
   NoiseProtocolId nid_;
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp
index 793cece3b8..007da7ef2b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp
@@ -165,9 +165,7 @@ APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::try_read_frame_() {
 
   // Reserve space for body (+ null terminator so protobuf StringRef fields
   // can be safely null-terminated in-place after decode)
-  if (this->rx_buf_.size() != this->rx_header_parsed_len_ + RX_BUF_NULL_TERMINATOR) {
-    this->rx_buf_.resize(this->rx_header_parsed_len_ + RX_BUF_NULL_TERMINATOR);
-  }
+  this->rx_buf_.resize(this->rx_header_parsed_len_ + RX_BUF_NULL_TERMINATOR);
 
   if (rx_buf_len_ < rx_header_parsed_len_) {
     // more data to read
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_server.h b/esphome/components/api/api_server.h
index e5f371d8a1..69fc26cc00 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_server.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_server.h
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #ifdef USE_API
+#include "api_buffer.h"
 #include "api_noise_context.h"
 #include "api_pb2.h"
 #include "api_pb2_service.h"
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ class APIServer : public Component,
   void set_max_connections(uint8_t max_connections) { this->max_connections_ = max_connections; }
 
   // Get reference to shared buffer for API connections
-  std::vector<uint8_t> &get_shared_buffer_ref() { return shared_write_buffer_; }
+  APIBuffer &get_shared_buffer_ref() { return shared_write_buffer_; }
 
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
   bool save_noise_psk(psk_t psk, bool make_active = true);
@@ -276,7 +277,7 @@ class APIServer : public Component,
   // Not pre-allocated: all send paths call prepare_first_message_buffer() which
   // reserves the exact needed size. Pre-allocating here would cause heap fragmentation
   // since the buffer would almost always reallocate on first use.
-  std::vector<uint8_t> shared_write_buffer_;
+  APIBuffer shared_write_buffer_;
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
   std::vector<HomeAssistantStateSubscription> state_subs_;
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/proto.h b/esphome/components/api/proto.h
index 7050efb446..d1c955b1fb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/proto.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/proto.h
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "api_pb2_defines.h"
+#include "api_buffer.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
@@ -203,9 +204,8 @@ class Proto32Bit {
 
 class ProtoWriteBuffer {
  public:
-  ProtoWriteBuffer(std::vector<uint8_t> *buffer) : buffer_(buffer), pos_(buffer->data() + buffer->size()) {}
-  ProtoWriteBuffer(std::vector<uint8_t> *buffer, size_t write_pos)
-      : buffer_(buffer), pos_(buffer->data() + write_pos) {}
+  ProtoWriteBuffer(APIBuffer *buffer) : buffer_(buffer), pos_(buffer->data() + buffer->size()) {}
+  ProtoWriteBuffer(APIBuffer *buffer, size_t write_pos) : buffer_(buffer), pos_(buffer->data() + write_pos) {}
   inline void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE encode_varint_raw(uint32_t value) {
     if (value < 128) [[likely]] {
       this->debug_check_bounds_(1);
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ class ProtoWriteBuffer {
   // Non-template core for encode_optional_sub_message.
   void encode_optional_sub_message(uint32_t field_id, uint32_t nested_size, const void *value,
                                    void (*encode_fn)(const void *, ProtoWriteBuffer &));
-  std::vector<uint8_t> *get_buffer() const { return buffer_; }
+  APIBuffer *get_buffer() const { return buffer_; }
 
  protected:
   // Slow path for encode_varint_raw values >= 128, outlined to keep fast path small
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ class ProtoWriteBuffer {
   void debug_check_bounds_([[maybe_unused]] size_t bytes) {}
 #endif
 
-  std::vector<uint8_t> *buffer_;
+  APIBuffer *buffer_;
   uint8_t *pos_;
 };
 
diff --git a/tests/components/api/test.ln882x-ard.yaml b/tests/components/api/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..46c01d926f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/api/test.ln882x-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<<: !include common.yaml
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: MySSID
+  password: password1

From 9dd3ec258c2f1ebf636cd7765981df2f1711c4a3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Tue, 10 Mar 2026 09:11:28 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 512/609] [scheduler] Replace unique_ptr with raw pointers, add
 leak detection (#14620)

---
 esphome/core/scheduler.cpp                    | 179 +++++++++++-------
 esphome/core/scheduler.h                      |  94 +++++----
 .../fixtures/scheduler_bulk_cleanup.yaml      |   1 +
 .../fixtures/scheduler_defer_cancel.yaml      |   1 +
 .../scheduler_defer_cancels_regular.yaml      |   1 +
 .../fixtures/scheduler_defer_fifo_simple.yaml |   1 +
 .../fixtures/scheduler_defer_stress.yaml      |   1 +
 .../fixtures/scheduler_heap_stress.yaml       |   1 +
 .../scheduler_internal_id_no_collision.yaml   |   1 +
 .../fixtures/scheduler_null_name.yaml         |   1 +
 .../fixtures/scheduler_numeric_id_test.yaml   |   1 +
 .../scheduler_rapid_cancellation.yaml         |   1 +
 .../fixtures/scheduler_recursive_timeout.yaml |   1 +
 .../fixtures/scheduler_removed_item_race.yaml |   1 +
 .../fixtures/scheduler_retry_test.yaml        |   1 +
 .../scheduler_simultaneous_callbacks.yaml     |   1 +
 .../fixtures/scheduler_string_lifetime.yaml   |   1 +
 .../scheduler_string_name_stress.yaml         |   1 +
 18 files changed, 172 insertions(+), 117 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp b/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
index ca560e8250..63e1006b03 100644
--- a/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
@@ -30,11 +30,6 @@ static constexpr uint32_t MAX_LOGICALLY_DELETED_ITEMS = 5;
 // max delay to start an interval sequence
 static constexpr uint32_t MAX_INTERVAL_DELAY = 5000;
 
-// Prevent inlining of SchedulerItem deletion. On BK7231N (Thumb-1), GCC inlines
-// ~unique_ptr<SchedulerItem> (~30 bytes each) at every destruction site. Defining
-// the deleter in the .cpp file ensures a single copy of the destructor + operator delete.
-void Scheduler::SchedulerItemDeleter::operator()(SchedulerItem *ptr) const noexcept { delete ptr; }
-
 #if defined(ESPHOME_LOG_HAS_VERBOSE) || defined(ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER)
 // Helper struct for formatting scheduler item names consistently in logs
 // Uses a stack buffer to avoid heap allocation
@@ -122,8 +117,8 @@ uint32_t Scheduler::calculate_interval_offset_(uint32_t delay) {
 bool Scheduler::is_retry_cancelled_locked_(Component *component, NameType name_type, const char *static_name,
                                            uint32_t hash_or_id) {
   for (auto *container : {&this->items_, &this->to_add_}) {
-    for (auto &item : *container) {
-      if (item && this->is_item_removed_locked_(item.get()) &&
+    for (auto *item : *container) {
+      if (item != nullptr && this->is_item_removed_locked_(item) &&
           this->matches_item_locked_(item, component, name_type, static_name, hash_or_id, SchedulerItem::TIMEOUT,
                                      /* match_retry= */ true, /* skip_removed= */ false)) {
         return true;
@@ -147,17 +142,31 @@ void HOT Scheduler::set_timer_common_(Component *component, SchedulerItem::Type
     return;
   }
 
-  // Take lock early to protect scheduler_item_pool_ access
+  // Take lock early to protect scheduler_item_pool_ access and retry-cancelled check
   LockGuard guard{this->lock_};
 
+  // For retries, check if there's a cancelled timeout first - before allocating an item.
+  // Skip check for anonymous retries (STATIC_STRING with nullptr) - they can't be cancelled by name
+  // Skip check for defer (delay=0) - deferred retries bypass the cancellation check
+  if (is_retry && delay != 0 && (name_type != NameType::STATIC_STRING || static_name != nullptr) &&
+      type == SchedulerItem::TIMEOUT &&
+      this->is_retry_cancelled_locked_(component, name_type, static_name, hash_or_id)) {
+#ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER
+    SchedulerNameLog skip_name_log;
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Skipping retry '%s' - found cancelled item",
+             skip_name_log.format(name_type, static_name, hash_or_id));
+#endif
+    return;
+  }
+
   // Create and populate the scheduler item
-  auto item = this->get_item_from_pool_locked_();
+  SchedulerItem *item = this->get_item_from_pool_locked_();
   item->component = component;
   item->set_name(name_type, static_name, hash_or_id);
   item->type = type;
   item->callback = std::move(func);
   // Reset remove flag - recycled items may have been cancelled (remove=true) in previous use
-  this->set_item_removed_(item.get(), false);
+  this->set_item_removed_(item, false);
   item->is_retry = is_retry;
 
   // Determine target container: defer_queue_ for deferred items, to_add_ for everything else.
@@ -193,29 +202,15 @@ void HOT Scheduler::set_timer_common_(Component *component, SchedulerItem::Type
     }
 
 #ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER
-    this->debug_log_timer_(item.get(), name_type, static_name, hash_or_id, type, delay, now_64);
+    this->debug_log_timer_(item, name_type, static_name, hash_or_id, type, delay, now_64);
 #endif /* ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER */
-
-    // For retries, check if there's a cancelled timeout first
-    // Skip check for anonymous retries (STATIC_STRING with nullptr) - they can't be cancelled by name
-    if (is_retry && (name_type != NameType::STATIC_STRING || static_name != nullptr) &&
-        type == SchedulerItem::TIMEOUT &&
-        this->is_retry_cancelled_locked_(component, name_type, static_name, hash_or_id)) {
-      // Skip scheduling - the retry was cancelled
-#ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER
-      SchedulerNameLog skip_name_log;
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Skipping retry '%s' - found cancelled item",
-               skip_name_log.format(name_type, static_name, hash_or_id));
-#endif
-      return;
-    }
   }
 
   // Common epilogue: atomic cancel-and-add (unless skip_cancel is true)
   if (!skip_cancel) {
     this->cancel_item_locked_(component, name_type, static_name, hash_or_id, type);
   }
-  target->push_back(std::move(item));
+  target->push_back(item);
 }
 
 void HOT Scheduler::set_timeout(Component *component, const char *name, uint32_t timeout,
@@ -395,7 +390,7 @@ optional<uint32_t> HOT Scheduler::next_schedule_in(uint32_t now) {
   if (this->cleanup_() == 0)
     return {};
 
-  auto &item = this->items_[0];
+  SchedulerItem *item = this->items_[0];
   const auto now_64 = this->millis_64_from_(now);
   const uint64_t next_exec = item->get_next_execution();
   if (next_exec < now_64)
@@ -414,13 +409,13 @@ void Scheduler::full_cleanup_removed_items_() {
   // Compact in-place: move valid items forward, recycle removed ones
   size_t write = 0;
   for (size_t read = 0; read < this->items_.size(); ++read) {
-    if (!is_item_removed_locked_(this->items_[read].get())) {
+    if (!is_item_removed_locked_(this->items_[read])) {
       if (write != read) {
-        this->items_[write] = std::move(this->items_[read]);
+        this->items_[write] = this->items_[read];
       }
       ++write;
     } else {
-      this->recycle_item_main_loop_(std::move(this->items_[read]));
+      this->recycle_item_main_loop_(this->items_[read]);
     }
   }
   this->items_.erase(this->items_.begin() + write, this->items_.end());
@@ -444,7 +439,7 @@ void Scheduler::compact_defer_queue_locked_() {
   // and recycled on the next loop iteration.
   size_t remaining = this->defer_queue_.size() - this->defer_queue_front_;
   for (size_t i = 0; i < remaining; i++) {
-    this->defer_queue_[i] = std::move(this->defer_queue_[this->defer_queue_front_ + i]);
+    this->defer_queue_[i] = this->defer_queue_[this->defer_queue_front_ + i];
   }
   // Use erase() instead of resize() to avoid instantiating _M_default_append
   // (saves ~156 bytes flash). Erasing from the end is O(1) - no shifting needed.
@@ -469,26 +464,26 @@ void HOT Scheduler::call(uint32_t now) {
 
   if (now_64 - last_print > 2000) {
     last_print = now_64;
-    std::vector<SchedulerItemPtr> old_items;
+    std::vector<SchedulerItem *> old_items;
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Items: count=%zu, pool=%zu, now=%" PRIu64, this->items_.size(), this->scheduler_item_pool_.size(),
              now_64);
     // Cleanup before debug output
     this->cleanup_();
     while (!this->items_.empty()) {
-      SchedulerItemPtr item;
+      SchedulerItem *item;
       {
         LockGuard guard{this->lock_};
         item = this->pop_raw_locked_();
       }
 
       SchedulerNameLog name_log;
-      bool is_cancelled = is_item_removed_(item.get());
+      bool is_cancelled = is_item_removed_(item);
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  %s '%s/%s' interval=%" PRIu32 " next_execution in %" PRIu64 "ms at %" PRIu64 "%s",
                item->get_type_str(), LOG_STR_ARG(item->get_source()),
                name_log.format(item->get_name_type(), item->get_name(), item->get_name_hash_or_id()), item->interval,
                item->get_next_execution() - now_64, item->get_next_execution(), is_cancelled ? " [CANCELLED]" : "");
 
-      old_items.push_back(std::move(item));
+      old_items.push_back(item);
     }
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "\n");
 
@@ -512,7 +507,7 @@ void HOT Scheduler::call(uint32_t now) {
   }
   while (!this->items_.empty()) {
     // Don't copy-by value yet
-    auto &item = this->items_[0];
+    SchedulerItem *item = this->items_[0];
     if (item->get_next_execution() > now_64) {
       // Not reached timeout yet, done for this call
       break;
@@ -532,7 +527,7 @@ void HOT Scheduler::call(uint32_t now) {
     // Multi-threaded platforms without atomics: must take lock to safely read remove flag
     {
       LockGuard guard{this->lock_};
-      if (is_item_removed_locked_(item.get())) {
+      if (is_item_removed_locked_(item)) {
         this->recycle_item_main_loop_(this->pop_raw_locked_());
         this->to_remove_--;
         continue;
@@ -540,7 +535,7 @@ void HOT Scheduler::call(uint32_t now) {
     }
 #else
     // Single-threaded or multi-threaded with atomics: can check without lock
-    if (is_item_removed_(item.get())) {
+    if (is_item_removed_(item)) {
       LockGuard guard{this->lock_};
       this->recycle_item_main_loop_(this->pop_raw_locked_());
       this->to_remove_--;
@@ -561,18 +556,18 @@ void HOT Scheduler::call(uint32_t now) {
     // Warning: During callback(), a lot of stuff can happen, including:
     //  - timeouts/intervals get added, potentially invalidating vector pointers
     //  - timeouts/intervals get cancelled
-    now = this->execute_item_(item.get(), now);
+    now = this->execute_item_(item, now);
 
     LockGuard guard{this->lock_};
 
     // Only pop after function call, this ensures we were reachable
     // during the function call and know if we were cancelled.
-    auto executed_item = this->pop_raw_locked_();
+    SchedulerItem *executed_item = this->pop_raw_locked_();
 
-    if (this->is_item_removed_locked_(executed_item.get())) {
+    if (this->is_item_removed_locked_(executed_item)) {
       // We were removed/cancelled in the function call, recycle and continue
       this->to_remove_--;
-      this->recycle_item_main_loop_(std::move(executed_item));
+      this->recycle_item_main_loop_(executed_item);
       continue;
     }
 
@@ -580,10 +575,10 @@ void HOT Scheduler::call(uint32_t now) {
       executed_item->set_next_execution(now_64 + executed_item->interval);
       // Add new item directly to to_add_
       // since we have the lock held
-      this->to_add_.push_back(std::move(executed_item));
+      this->to_add_.push_back(executed_item);
     } else {
       // Timeout completed - recycle it
-      this->recycle_item_main_loop_(std::move(executed_item));
+      this->recycle_item_main_loop_(executed_item);
     }
 
     has_added_items |= !this->to_add_.empty();
@@ -592,17 +587,33 @@ void HOT Scheduler::call(uint32_t now) {
   if (has_added_items) {
     this->process_to_add();
   }
+
+#ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER
+  // Verify no items were leaked during this call() cycle.
+  // All items must be in items_, to_add_, defer_queue_, or the pool.
+  // Safe to check here because:
+  // - process_defer_queue_ has already run its cleanup_defer_queue_locked_(),
+  //   so defer_queue_ contains no nullptr slots inflating the count.
+  // - The while loop above has finished, so no items are held in local variables;
+  //   every item has been returned to a container (items_, to_add_, or pool).
+  // Lock needed to get a consistent snapshot of all containers.
+  {
+    LockGuard guard{this->lock_};
+    this->debug_verify_no_leak_();
+  }
+#endif
 }
 void HOT Scheduler::process_to_add() {
   LockGuard guard{this->lock_};
-  for (auto &it : this->to_add_) {
-    if (is_item_removed_locked_(it.get())) {
+  for (auto *&it : this->to_add_) {
+    if (is_item_removed_locked_(it)) {
       // Recycle cancelled items
-      this->recycle_item_main_loop_(std::move(it));
+      this->recycle_item_main_loop_(it);
+      it = nullptr;
       continue;
     }
 
-    this->items_.push_back(std::move(it));
+    this->items_.push_back(it);
     std::push_heap(this->items_.begin(), this->items_.end(), SchedulerItem::cmp);
   }
   this->to_add_.clear();
@@ -628,20 +639,18 @@ size_t HOT Scheduler::cleanup_() {
   // leading to race conditions
   LockGuard guard{this->lock_};
   while (!this->items_.empty()) {
-    auto &item = this->items_[0];
-    if (!this->is_item_removed_locked_(item.get()))
+    SchedulerItem *item = this->items_[0];
+    if (!this->is_item_removed_locked_(item))
       break;
     this->to_remove_--;
     this->recycle_item_main_loop_(this->pop_raw_locked_());
   }
   return this->items_.size();
 }
-Scheduler::SchedulerItemPtr HOT Scheduler::pop_raw_locked_() {
+Scheduler::SchedulerItem *HOT Scheduler::pop_raw_locked_() {
   std::pop_heap(this->items_.begin(), this->items_.end(), SchedulerItem::cmp);
 
-  // Move the item out before popping - this is the item that was at the front of the heap
-  auto item = std::move(this->items_.back());
-
+  SchedulerItem *item = this->items_.back();
   this->items_.pop_back();
   return item;
 }
@@ -699,7 +708,7 @@ bool HOT Scheduler::cancel_item_locked_(Component *component, NameType name_type
   return total_cancelled > 0;
 }
 
-bool HOT Scheduler::SchedulerItem::cmp(const SchedulerItemPtr &a, const SchedulerItemPtr &b) {
+bool HOT Scheduler::SchedulerItem::cmp(SchedulerItem *a, SchedulerItem *b) {
   // High bits are almost always equal (change only on 32-bit rollover ~49 days)
   // Optimize for common case: check low bits first when high bits are equal
   return (a->next_execution_high_ == b->next_execution_high_) ? (a->next_execution_low_ > b->next_execution_low_)
@@ -710,23 +719,26 @@ bool HOT Scheduler::SchedulerItem::cmp(const SchedulerItemPtr &a, const Schedule
 // IMPORTANT: Caller must hold the scheduler lock before calling this function.
 // This protects scheduler_item_pool_ from concurrent access by other threads
 // that may be acquiring items from the pool in set_timer_common_().
-void Scheduler::recycle_item_main_loop_(SchedulerItemPtr item) {
-  if (!item)
+void Scheduler::recycle_item_main_loop_(SchedulerItem *item) {
+  if (item == nullptr)
     return;
 
   if (this->scheduler_item_pool_.size() < MAX_POOL_SIZE) {
     // Clear callback to release captured resources
     item->callback = nullptr;
-    this->scheduler_item_pool_.push_back(std::move(item));
+    this->scheduler_item_pool_.push_back(item);
 #ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Recycled item to pool (pool size now: %zu)", this->scheduler_item_pool_.size());
 #endif
   } else {
 #ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Pool full (size: %zu), deleting item", this->scheduler_item_pool_.size());
+#endif
+    delete item;
+#ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER
+    this->debug_live_items_--;
 #endif
   }
-  // else: unique_ptr will delete the item when it goes out of scope
 }
 
 #ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER
@@ -753,21 +765,54 @@ void Scheduler::debug_log_timer_(const SchedulerItem *item, NameType name_type,
 
 // Helper to get or create a scheduler item from the pool
 // IMPORTANT: Caller must hold the scheduler lock before calling this function.
-Scheduler::SchedulerItemPtr Scheduler::get_item_from_pool_locked_() {
-  SchedulerItemPtr item;
+Scheduler::SchedulerItem *Scheduler::get_item_from_pool_locked_() {
   if (!this->scheduler_item_pool_.empty()) {
-    item = std::move(this->scheduler_item_pool_.back());
+    SchedulerItem *item = this->scheduler_item_pool_.back();
     this->scheduler_item_pool_.pop_back();
 #ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Reused item from pool (pool size now: %zu)", this->scheduler_item_pool_.size());
 #endif
-  } else {
-    item = SchedulerItemPtr(new SchedulerItem());
-#ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Allocated new item (pool empty)");
-#endif
+    return item;
   }
+#ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Allocated new item (pool empty)");
+#endif
+  auto *item = new SchedulerItem();
+#ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER
+  this->debug_live_items_++;
+#endif
   return item;
 }
 
+#ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER
+bool Scheduler::debug_verify_no_leak_() const {
+  // Invariant: every live SchedulerItem must be in exactly one container.
+  // debug_live_items_ tracks allocations minus deletions.
+  size_t accounted = this->items_.size() + this->to_add_.size() + this->scheduler_item_pool_.size();
+#ifndef ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE
+  accounted += this->defer_queue_.size();
+#endif
+  if (accounted != this->debug_live_items_) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG,
+             "SCHEDULER LEAK DETECTED: live=%" PRIu32 " but accounted=%" PRIu32 " (items=%" PRIu32 " to_add=%" PRIu32
+             " pool=%" PRIu32
+#ifndef ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE
+             " defer=%" PRIu32
+#endif
+             ")",
+             static_cast<uint32_t>(this->debug_live_items_), static_cast<uint32_t>(accounted),
+             static_cast<uint32_t>(this->items_.size()), static_cast<uint32_t>(this->to_add_.size()),
+             static_cast<uint32_t>(this->scheduler_item_pool_.size())
+#ifndef ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE
+                 ,
+             static_cast<uint32_t>(this->defer_queue_.size())
+#endif
+    );
+    assert(false);
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+#endif
+
 }  // namespace esphome
diff --git a/esphome/core/scheduler.h b/esphome/core/scheduler.h
index eb6cea4f37..0476513bb9 100644
--- a/esphome/core/scheduler.h
+++ b/esphome/core/scheduler.h
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include <cstring>
-#include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 #ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS
@@ -144,19 +143,6 @@ class Scheduler {
   };
 
  protected:
-  struct SchedulerItem;
-
-  // Custom deleter for SchedulerItem unique_ptr that prevents the compiler from
-  // inlining the destructor at every destruction site. On BK7231N (Thumb-1), GCC
-  // inlines ~unique_ptr<SchedulerItem> (~30 bytes: null check + ~std::function +
-  // operator delete) at every destruction site, while ESP32/ESP8266/RTL8720CF outline
-  // it into a single helper. This noinline deleter ensures only one copy exists.
-  // operator() is defined in scheduler.cpp to prevent inlining.
-  struct SchedulerItemDeleter {
-    void operator()(SchedulerItem *ptr) const noexcept;
-  };
-  using SchedulerItemPtr = std::unique_ptr<SchedulerItem, SchedulerItemDeleter>;
-
   struct SchedulerItem {
     // Ordered by size to minimize padding
     Component *component;
@@ -219,14 +205,14 @@ class Scheduler {
       name_.static_name = nullptr;
     }
 
-    // Destructor - no dynamic memory to clean up
+    // Destructor - no dynamic memory to clean up (callback's std::function handles its own)
     ~SchedulerItem() = default;
 
     // Delete copy operations to prevent accidental copies
     SchedulerItem(const SchedulerItem &) = delete;
     SchedulerItem &operator=(const SchedulerItem &) = delete;
 
-    // Delete move operations: SchedulerItem objects are only managed via unique_ptr, never moved directly
+    // Delete move operations: SchedulerItem objects are managed via raw pointers, never moved directly
     SchedulerItem(SchedulerItem &&) = delete;
     SchedulerItem &operator=(SchedulerItem &&) = delete;
 
@@ -250,7 +236,7 @@ class Scheduler {
       name_type_ = type;
     }
 
-    static bool cmp(const SchedulerItemPtr &a, const SchedulerItemPtr &b);
+    static bool cmp(SchedulerItem *a, SchedulerItem *b);
 
     // Note: We use 48 bits total (32 + 16), stored in a 64-bit value for API compatibility.
     // The upper 16 bits of the 64-bit value are always zero, which is fine since
@@ -301,12 +287,13 @@ class Scheduler {
   // Returns the number of items remaining after cleanup
   // IMPORTANT: This method should only be called from the main thread (loop task).
   size_t cleanup_();
-  // Remove and return the front item from the heap
+  // Remove and return the front item from the heap as a raw pointer.
+  // Caller takes ownership and must either recycle or delete the item.
   // IMPORTANT: Caller must hold the scheduler lock before calling this function.
-  SchedulerItemPtr pop_raw_locked_();
+  SchedulerItem *pop_raw_locked_();
   // Get or create a scheduler item from the pool
   // IMPORTANT: Caller must hold the scheduler lock before calling this function.
-  SchedulerItemPtr get_item_from_pool_locked_();
+  SchedulerItem *get_item_from_pool_locked_();
 
  private:
   // Helper to cancel items - must be called with lock held
@@ -330,19 +317,16 @@ class Scheduler {
   // Helper function to check if item matches criteria for cancellation
   // name_type determines matching: STATIC_STRING uses static_name, others use hash_or_id
   // IMPORTANT: Must be called with scheduler lock held
-  inline bool HOT matches_item_locked_(const SchedulerItemPtr &item, Component *component, NameType name_type,
+  inline bool HOT matches_item_locked_(SchedulerItem *item, Component *component, NameType name_type,
                                        const char *static_name, uint32_t hash_or_id, SchedulerItem::Type type,
                                        bool match_retry, bool skip_removed = true) const {
     // THREAD SAFETY: Check for nullptr first to prevent LoadProhibited crashes. On multi-threaded
-    // platforms, items can be moved out of defer_queue_ during processing, leaving nullptr entries.
-    // PR #11305 added nullptr checks in callers (mark_matching_items_removed_locked_()), but this check
-    // provides defense-in-depth: helper
-    // functions should be safe regardless of caller behavior.
+    // platforms, items can be nulled in defer_queue_ during processing.
     // Fixes: https://github.com/esphome/esphome/issues/11940
-    if (!item)
+    if (item == nullptr)
       return false;
-    if (item->component != component || item->type != type ||
-        (skip_removed && this->is_item_removed_locked_(item.get())) || (match_retry && !item->is_retry)) {
+    if (item->component != component || item->type != type || (skip_removed && this->is_item_removed_locked_(item)) ||
+        (match_retry && !item->is_retry)) {
       return false;
     }
     // Name type must match
@@ -364,10 +348,12 @@ class Scheduler {
   }
 
   // Helper to recycle a SchedulerItem back to the pool.
+  // Takes a raw pointer — caller transfers ownership. The item is either added to the
+  // pool or deleted if the pool is full.
   // IMPORTANT: Only call from main loop context! Recycling clears the callback,
   // so calling from another thread while the callback is executing causes use-after-free.
   // IMPORTANT: Caller must hold the scheduler lock before calling this function.
-  void recycle_item_main_loop_(SchedulerItemPtr item);
+  void recycle_item_main_loop_(SchedulerItem *item);
 
   // Helper to perform full cleanup when too many items are cancelled
   void full_cleanup_removed_items_();
@@ -423,27 +409,28 @@ class Scheduler {
     // Merge lock acquisitions: instead of separate locks for move-out and recycle (2N+1 total),
     // recycle each item after re-acquiring the lock for the next iteration (N+1 total).
     // The lock is held across: recycle → loop condition → move-out, then released for execution.
-    SchedulerItemPtr item;
+    SchedulerItem *item;
 
     this->lock_.lock();
     while (this->defer_queue_front_ < defer_queue_end) {
-      // SAFETY: Moving out the unique_ptr leaves a nullptr in the vector at defer_queue_front_.
-      // This is intentional and safe because:
+      // Take ownership of the item, leaving nullptr in the vector slot.
+      // This is safe because:
       // 1. The vector is only cleaned up by cleanup_defer_queue_locked_() at the end of this function
       // 2. Any code iterating defer_queue_ MUST check for nullptr items (see mark_matching_items_removed_locked_)
       // 3. The lock protects concurrent access, but the nullptr remains until cleanup
-      item = std::move(this->defer_queue_[this->defer_queue_front_]);
+      item = this->defer_queue_[this->defer_queue_front_];
+      this->defer_queue_[this->defer_queue_front_] = nullptr;
       this->defer_queue_front_++;
       this->lock_.unlock();
 
       // Execute callback without holding lock to prevent deadlocks
       // if the callback tries to call defer() again
-      if (!this->should_skip_item_(item.get())) {
-        now = this->execute_item_(item.get(), now);
+      if (!this->should_skip_item_(item)) {
+        now = this->execute_item_(item, now);
       }
 
       this->lock_.lock();
-      this->recycle_item_main_loop_(std::move(item));
+      this->recycle_item_main_loop_(item);
     }
     // Clean up the queue (lock already held from last recycle or initial acquisition)
     this->cleanup_defer_queue_locked_();
@@ -523,18 +510,14 @@ class Scheduler {
   // name_type determines matching: STATIC_STRING uses static_name, others use hash_or_id
   // Returns the number of items marked for removal
   // IMPORTANT: Must be called with scheduler lock held
-  __attribute__((noinline)) size_t mark_matching_items_removed_locked_(std::vector<SchedulerItemPtr> &container,
+  __attribute__((noinline)) size_t mark_matching_items_removed_locked_(std::vector<SchedulerItem *> &container,
                                                                        Component *component, NameType name_type,
                                                                        const char *static_name, uint32_t hash_or_id,
                                                                        SchedulerItem::Type type, bool match_retry) {
     size_t count = 0;
-    for (auto &item : container) {
-      // Skip nullptr items (can happen in defer_queue_ when items are being processed)
-      // The defer_queue_ uses index-based processing: items are std::moved out but left in the
-      // vector as nullptr until cleanup. Even though this function is called with lock held,
-      // the vector can still contain nullptr items from the processing loop. This check prevents crashes.
-      if (item && this->matches_item_locked_(item, component, name_type, static_name, hash_or_id, type, match_retry)) {
-        this->set_item_removed_(item.get(), true);
+    for (auto *item : container) {
+      if (this->matches_item_locked_(item, component, name_type, static_name, hash_or_id, type, match_retry)) {
+        this->set_item_removed_(item, true);
         count++;
       }
     }
@@ -542,15 +525,15 @@ class Scheduler {
   }
 
   Mutex lock_;
-  std::vector<SchedulerItemPtr> items_;
-  std::vector<SchedulerItemPtr> to_add_;
+  std::vector<SchedulerItem *> items_;
+  std::vector<SchedulerItem *> to_add_;
 #ifndef ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE
   // Single-core platforms don't need the defer queue and save ~32 bytes of RAM
   // Using std::vector instead of std::deque avoids 512-byte chunked allocations
   // Index tracking avoids O(n) erase() calls when draining the queue each loop
-  std::vector<SchedulerItemPtr> defer_queue_;  // FIFO queue for defer() calls
-  size_t defer_queue_front_{0};                // Index of first valid item in defer_queue_ (tracks consumed items)
-#endif                                         /* ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE */
+  std::vector<SchedulerItem *> defer_queue_;  // FIFO queue for defer() calls
+  size_t defer_queue_front_{0};               // Index of first valid item in defer_queue_ (tracks consumed items)
+#endif                                        /* ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE */
   uint32_t to_remove_{0};
 
   // Memory pool for recycling SchedulerItem objects to reduce heap churn.
@@ -561,7 +544,18 @@ class Scheduler {
   // - The pool significantly reduces heap fragmentation which is critical because heap allocation/deallocation
   //   can stall the entire system, causing timing issues and dropped events for any components that need
   //   to synchronize between tasks (see https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/52)
-  std::vector<SchedulerItemPtr> scheduler_item_pool_;
+  std::vector<SchedulerItem *> scheduler_item_pool_;
+
+#ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER
+  // Leak detection: tracks total live SchedulerItem allocations.
+  // Invariant: debug_live_items_ == items_.size() + to_add_.size() + defer_queue_.size() + scheduler_item_pool_.size()
+  // Verified periodically in call() to catch leaks early.
+  size_t debug_live_items_{0};
+
+  // Verify the scheduler memory invariant: all allocated items are accounted for.
+  // Returns true if no leak detected. Logs an error and asserts on failure.
+  bool debug_verify_no_leak_() const;
+#endif
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_bulk_cleanup.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_bulk_cleanup.yaml
index de876da8c4..3d2c47a0de 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_bulk_cleanup.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_bulk_cleanup.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 esphome:
+  debug_scheduler: true  # Enable scheduler leak detection
   name: scheduler-bulk-cleanup
 
 external_components:
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_defer_cancel.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_defer_cancel.yaml
index 9e3f927c33..92ae0062ac 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_defer_cancel.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_defer_cancel.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 esphome:
+  debug_scheduler: true  # Enable scheduler leak detection
   name: scheduler-defer-cancel
 
 host:
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_defer_cancels_regular.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_defer_cancels_regular.yaml
index fb6b1791dc..cf7f6ec733 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_defer_cancels_regular.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_defer_cancels_regular.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 esphome:
+  debug_scheduler: true  # Enable scheduler leak detection
   name: scheduler-defer-cancel-regular
 
 host:
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_defer_fifo_simple.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_defer_fifo_simple.yaml
index 7384082ac2..f69e5c6c67 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_defer_fifo_simple.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_defer_fifo_simple.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 esphome:
+  debug_scheduler: true  # Enable scheduler leak detection
   name: scheduler-defer-fifo-simple
 
 host:
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_defer_stress.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_defer_stress.yaml
index 0d9c1d1405..70eac01daf 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_defer_stress.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_defer_stress.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 esphome:
+  debug_scheduler: true  # Enable scheduler leak detection
   name: scheduler-defer-stress-test
 
 external_components:
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_heap_stress.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_heap_stress.yaml
index d4d340b68b..486a5d1276 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_heap_stress.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_heap_stress.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 esphome:
+  debug_scheduler: true  # Enable scheduler leak detection
   name: scheduler-heap-stress-test
 
 external_components:
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_internal_id_no_collision.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_internal_id_no_collision.yaml
index 46dbb8e728..e696e99efa 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_internal_id_no_collision.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_internal_id_no_collision.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 esphome:
+  debug_scheduler: true  # Enable scheduler leak detection
   name: scheduler-internal-id-test
   on_boot:
     priority: -100
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_null_name.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_null_name.yaml
index 42eaacdd43..d5488761d6 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_null_name.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_null_name.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 esphome:
+  debug_scheduler: true  # Enable scheduler leak detection
   name: scheduler-null-name
 
 host:
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_numeric_id_test.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_numeric_id_test.yaml
index 1669f026f5..25decf20f5 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_numeric_id_test.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_numeric_id_test.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 esphome:
+  debug_scheduler: true  # Enable scheduler leak detection
   name: scheduler-numeric-id-test
   on_boot:
     priority: -100
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_rapid_cancellation.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_rapid_cancellation.yaml
index 4824654c5c..530b8241f5 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_rapid_cancellation.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_rapid_cancellation.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 esphome:
+  debug_scheduler: true  # Enable scheduler leak detection
   name: sched-rapid-cancel-test
 
 external_components:
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_recursive_timeout.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_recursive_timeout.yaml
index f1168802f6..66b6f4b19b 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_recursive_timeout.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_recursive_timeout.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 esphome:
+  debug_scheduler: true  # Enable scheduler leak detection
   name: sched-recursive-timeout
 
 external_components:
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_removed_item_race.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_removed_item_race.yaml
index 2f8a7fb987..55d2197d7c 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_removed_item_race.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_removed_item_race.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 esphome:
+  debug_scheduler: true  # Enable scheduler leak detection
   name: scheduler-removed-item-race
 
 host:
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_retry_test.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_retry_test.yaml
index ffe9082a69..cdf71152bd 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_retry_test.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_retry_test.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 esphome:
+  debug_scheduler: true  # Enable scheduler leak detection
   name: scheduler-retry-test
   on_boot:
     priority: -100
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_simultaneous_callbacks.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_simultaneous_callbacks.yaml
index 446ee7fdc0..c15edc3ffd 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_simultaneous_callbacks.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_simultaneous_callbacks.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 esphome:
+  debug_scheduler: true  # Enable scheduler leak detection
   name: sched-simul-callbacks-test
 
 external_components:
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_string_lifetime.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_string_lifetime.yaml
index ebd5052b8b..5ae5a1914e 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_string_lifetime.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_string_lifetime.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 esphome:
+  debug_scheduler: true  # Enable scheduler leak detection
   name: scheduler-string-lifetime-test
 
 external_components:
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_string_name_stress.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_string_name_stress.yaml
index d1ef55c8d5..8f68d1d102 100644
--- a/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_string_name_stress.yaml
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_string_name_stress.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 esphome:
+  debug_scheduler: true  # Enable scheduler leak detection
   name: sched-string-name-stress
 
 external_components:

From 89bb5d9e42fcc911a73af225af78390a96ad8e5f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Tue, 10 Mar 2026 09:11:45 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 513/609] [core] Require explicit synchronous= for
 register_action (#14606)

---
 esphome/automation.py                         | 38 ++++++++++---
 esphome/components/ags10/sensor.py            |  2 +
 esphome/components/aic3204/audio_dac.py       |  5 +-
 .../alarm_control_panel/__init__.py           | 40 +++++++++++---
 esphome/components/animation/__init__.py      | 12 +++--
 esphome/components/api/__init__.py            |  1 +
 esphome/components/at581x/__init__.py         |  2 +
 esphome/components/audio_adc/__init__.py      |  5 +-
 esphome/components/audio_dac/__init__.py      | 13 +++--
 esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py  |  1 +
 esphome/components/bl0906/sensor.py           |  1 +
 esphome/components/ble_client/__init__.py     | 22 ++++++--
 esphome/components/bm8563/time.py             |  3 ++
 esphome/components/canbus/__init__.py         |  1 +
 esphome/components/cc1101/__init__.py         | 27 +++++++---
 esphome/components/climate/__init__.py        |  5 +-
 esphome/components/cm1106/sensor.py           |  1 +
 esphome/components/cs5460a/sensor.py          |  1 +
 esphome/components/datetime/__init__.py       |  3 ++
 esphome/components/deep_sleep/__init__.py     |  7 ++-
 esphome/components/dfplayer/__init__.py       | 16 ++++++
 .../components/dfrobot_sen0395/__init__.py    |  2 +
 esphome/components/display/__init__.py        |  3 ++
 .../components/display_menu_base/__init__.py  | 33 +++++++++---
 esphome/components/ds1307/time.py             |  2 +
 esphome/components/duty_time/sensor.py        | 12 +++--
 esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py      |  8 ++-
 .../components/esp32_ble_server/__init__.py   |  3 ++
 .../components/esp32_ble_tracker/__init__.py  |  2 +
 esphome/components/esp8266_pwm/output.py      |  1 +
 esphome/components/esp_ldo/__init__.py        |  1 +
 esphome/components/espnow/__init__.py         |  5 ++
 esphome/components/event/__init__.py          |  4 +-
 esphome/components/ezo_pmp/__init__.py        | 28 ++++++++--
 esphome/components/fan/__init__.py            |  1 +
 .../components/fingerprint_grow/__init__.py   |  6 +++
 .../components/grove_tb6612fng/__init__.py    |  6 +++
 esphome/components/haier/climate.py           | 49 +++++++++++++----
 esphome/components/hbridge/fan/__init__.py    |  1 +
 esphome/components/hc8/sensor.py              |  5 +-
 esphome/components/hdc302x/sensor.py          | 10 +++-
 esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/__init__.py      |  5 ++
 esphome/components/http_request/__init__.py   | 15 ++++--
 .../components/http_request/ota/__init__.py   |  1 +
 esphome/components/htu21d/sensor.py           |  2 +
 esphome/components/hub75/display.py           |  1 +
 esphome/components/integration/sensor.py      |  2 +
 esphome/components/key_collector/__init__.py  |  2 +
 esphome/components/ld2410/__init__.py         |  5 +-
 esphome/components/ledc/output.py             |  1 +
 esphome/components/libretiny_pwm/output.py    |  1 +
 esphome/components/light/automation.py        |  5 +-
 esphome/components/lightwaverf/__init__.py    |  1 +
 esphome/components/lock/__init__.py           | 12 +++--
 esphome/components/logger/__init__.py         |  1 +
 esphome/components/lvgl/automation.py         | 27 ++++++++--
 esphome/components/lvgl/styles.py             |  1 +
 esphome/components/lvgl/types.py              |  1 +
 esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/animimg.py    |  2 +
 .../components/lvgl/widgets/buttonmatrix.py   |  1 +
 esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/canvas.py     |  8 +++
 esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/meter.py      |  1 +
 esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/page.py       |  3 ++
 esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/spinbox.py    |  2 +
 esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/tabview.py    |  1 +
 esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/tileview.py   |  1 +
 esphome/components/max17043/sensor.py         |  4 +-
 esphome/components/max6956/__init__.py        |  2 +
 esphome/components/max7219digit/display.py    | 35 +++++++++---
 esphome/components/media_player/__init__.py   |  7 ++-
 esphome/components/mhz19/sensor.py            | 20 +++++--
 .../components/micro_wake_word/__init__.py    | 13 ++++-
 esphome/components/microphone/__init__.py     | 22 +++++---
 esphome/components/midea/climate.py           |  4 +-
 esphome/components/mixer/speaker/__init__.py  |  1 +
 esphome/components/mqtt/__init__.py           |  2 +
 esphome/components/nau7802/sensor.py          |  3 ++
 .../nextion/binary_sensor/__init__.py         |  1 +
 esphome/components/nextion/display.py         |  1 +
 esphome/components/nextion/sensor/__init__.py |  1 +
 esphome/components/nextion/switch/__init__.py |  1 +
 .../nextion/text_sensor/__init__.py           |  1 +
 esphome/components/online_image/__init__.py   |  9 +++-
 esphome/components/output/__init__.py         |  2 +
 esphome/components/pcf85063/time.py           |  2 +
 esphome/components/pcf8563/time.py            |  2 +
 esphome/components/pid/climate.py             |  3 ++
 .../components/pipsolar/output/__init__.py    |  1 +
 esphome/components/pmwcs3/sensor.py           |  3 ++
 esphome/components/pn7150/__init__.py         | 43 +++++++++++----
 esphome/components/pn7160/__init__.py         | 43 +++++++++++----
 esphome/components/pulse_counter/sensor.py    |  1 +
 esphome/components/pulse_meter/sensor.py      |  1 +
 esphome/components/pzemac/sensor.py           |  1 +
 esphome/components/pzemdc/sensor.py           |  1 +
 esphome/components/remote_base/__init__.py    |  5 +-
 .../components/remote_transmitter/__init__.py |  5 +-
 esphome/components/rf_bridge/__init__.py      | 22 ++++++--
 esphome/components/rotary_encoder/sensor.py   |  1 +
 esphome/components/rp2040_pwm/output.py       |  1 +
 esphome/components/rtttl/__init__.py          |  2 +
 esphome/components/rx8130/time.py             |  2 +
 esphome/components/safe_mode/__init__.py      |  1 +
 esphome/components/scd30/sensor.py            |  1 +
 esphome/components/scd4x/sensor.py            |  6 ++-
 esphome/components/script/__init__.py         |  1 +
 esphome/components/sen5x/sensor.py            |  5 +-
 esphome/components/senseair/sensor.py         | 17 ++++--
 esphome/components/servo/__init__.py          |  2 +
 esphome/components/sim800l/__init__.py        | 16 ++++--
 esphome/components/sound_level/sensor.py      |  8 ++-
 esphome/components/speaker/__init__.py        | 23 +++++---
 .../speaker/media_player/__init__.py          |  1 +
 esphome/components/sprinkler/__init__.py      | 53 +++++++++++++++----
 esphome/components/sps30/sensor.py            | 15 ++++--
 esphome/components/stepper/__init__.py        |  5 ++
 esphome/components/sx126x/__init__.py         | 30 ++++++++---
 esphome/components/sx127x/__init__.py         | 30 ++++++++---
 .../template/binary_sensor/__init__.py        |  1 +
 esphome/components/template/cover/__init__.py |  1 +
 esphome/components/template/lock/__init__.py  |  1 +
 .../components/template/sensor/__init__.py    |  1 +
 .../components/template/switch/__init__.py    |  1 +
 .../template/text_sensor/__init__.py          |  1 +
 esphome/components/template/valve/__init__.py |  1 +
 .../template/water_heater/__init__.py         |  1 +
 esphome/components/tm1651/__init__.py         | 12 ++++-
 esphome/components/uart/__init__.py           |  1 +
 esphome/components/udp/__init__.py            |  1 +
 esphome/components/ufire_ec/sensor.py         |  2 +
 esphome/components/ufire_ise/sensor.py        |  3 ++
 esphome/components/update/__init__.py         |  2 +
 esphome/components/valve/__init__.py          | 20 +++++--
 .../components/voice_assistant/__init__.py    |  6 ++-
 esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py           |  9 +++-
 esphome/components/wireguard/__init__.py      |  2 +
 esphome/components/zigbee/__init__.py         |  1 +
 137 files changed, 852 insertions(+), 187 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/automation.py b/esphome/automation.py
index d9b8b2ec57..36ab30b654 100644
--- a/esphome/automation.py
+++ b/esphome/automation.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import logging
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
@@ -57,22 +59,41 @@ def maybe_conf(conf, *validators):
     return validate
 
 
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
 def register_action(
     name: str,
     action_type: MockObjClass,
     schema: cv.Schema,
     *,
-    synchronous: bool = False,
+    synchronous: bool | None = None,
 ):
     """Register an action type.
 
-    Actions default to ``synchronous=False`` (safe default), meaning string
-    arguments use owning std::string to prevent dangling references.
+    All callers must pass ``synchronous`` explicitly.
 
-    Set ``synchronous=True`` only for actions that complete synchronously
-    and never store trigger arguments for later execution.  This allows
-    the code generator to use non-owning StringRef for zero-copy access.
+    ``synchronous=True`` — the action never defers ``play_next_()`` to a
+    later point (callback, timer, or ``loop()``).  Trigger arguments are
+    only used during the initial call, so string args can use non-owning
+    StringRef for zero-copy access.
+
+    ``synchronous=False`` — the action defers ``play_next_()`` via a
+    callback, timer, or ``Component::loop()``.  Trigger arguments must
+    outlive the initial call, so string args use owning std::string to
+    prevent dangling references.
     """
+    if synchronous is None:
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "register_action('%s', ...) is missing the synchronous= parameter. "
+            "Defaulting to synchronous=False (safe but prevents StringRef "
+            "optimization). Check the C++ class: use synchronous=False if "
+            "play_next_() is deferred to a callback, timer, or loop(); "
+            "use synchronous=True if play_next_() always runs before the "
+            "initial play/play_complex call returns",
+            name,
+        )
+        synchronous = False
     return ACTION_REGISTRY.register(name, action_type, schema, synchronous=synchronous)
 
 
@@ -353,6 +374,7 @@ async def component_is_idle_condition_to_code(
     "delay",
     DelayAction,
     cv.templatable(cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds),
+    synchronous=False,
 )
 async def delay_action_to_code(
     config: ConfigType,
@@ -465,7 +487,7 @@ _validate_wait_until = cv.maybe_simple_value(
 )
 
 
-@register_action("wait_until", WaitUntilAction, _validate_wait_until)
+@register_action("wait_until", WaitUntilAction, _validate_wait_until, synchronous=False)
 async def wait_until_action_to_code(
     config: ConfigType,
     action_id: ID,
@@ -611,7 +633,7 @@ def has_non_synchronous_actions(actions: ConfigType) -> bool:
 
     Non-synchronous actions (delay, wait_until, script.wait, etc.) store
     trigger args for later execution, making non-owning types like StringRef
-    unsafe.  Actions that haven't been audited default to non-synchronous.
+    unsafe.
     """
     if isinstance(actions, list):
         return any(has_non_synchronous_actions(item) for item in actions)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ags10/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ags10/sensor.py
index 8f0f372951..4cfa9e67ec 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ags10/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ags10/sensor.py
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ AGS10_NEW_I2C_ADDRESS_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
     "ags10.new_i2c_address",
     AGS10NewI2cAddressAction,
     AGS10_NEW_I2C_ADDRESS_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def ags10newi2caddress_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -121,6 +122,7 @@ AGS10_SET_ZERO_POINT_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     "ags10.set_zero_point",
     AGS10SetZeroPointAction,
     AGS10_SET_ZERO_POINT_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def ags10setzeropoint_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/aic3204/audio_dac.py b/esphome/components/aic3204/audio_dac.py
index da7a54df54..a644638f69 100644
--- a/esphome/components/aic3204/audio_dac.py
+++ b/esphome/components/aic3204/audio_dac.py
@@ -34,7 +34,10 @@ SET_AUTO_MUTE_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "aic3204.set_auto_mute_mode", SetAutoMuteAction, SET_AUTO_MUTE_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "aic3204.set_auto_mute_mode",
+    SetAutoMuteAction,
+    SET_AUTO_MUTE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def aic3204_set_volume_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/alarm_control_panel/__init__.py b/esphome/components/alarm_control_panel/__init__.py
index b855586152..aefb18d25c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/alarm_control_panel/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/alarm_control_panel/__init__.py
@@ -243,7 +243,10 @@ async def new_alarm_control_panel(config, *args):
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "alarm_control_panel.arm_away", ArmAwayAction, ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "alarm_control_panel.arm_away",
+    ArmAwayAction,
+    ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def alarm_action_arm_away_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -255,7 +258,10 @@ async def alarm_action_arm_away_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "alarm_control_panel.arm_home", ArmHomeAction, ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "alarm_control_panel.arm_home",
+    ArmHomeAction,
+    ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def alarm_action_arm_home_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -267,7 +273,10 @@ async def alarm_action_arm_home_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "alarm_control_panel.arm_night", ArmNightAction, ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "alarm_control_panel.arm_night",
+    ArmNightAction,
+    ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def alarm_action_arm_night_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -279,7 +288,10 @@ async def alarm_action_arm_night_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "alarm_control_panel.disarm", DisarmAction, ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "alarm_control_panel.disarm",
+    DisarmAction,
+    ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def alarm_action_disarm_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -291,7 +303,10 @@ async def alarm_action_disarm_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "alarm_control_panel.pending", PendingAction, ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "alarm_control_panel.pending",
+    PendingAction,
+    ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def alarm_action_pending_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -299,7 +314,10 @@ async def alarm_action_pending_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "alarm_control_panel.triggered", TriggeredAction, ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "alarm_control_panel.triggered",
+    TriggeredAction,
+    ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def alarm_action_trigger_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -307,7 +325,10 @@ async def alarm_action_trigger_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "alarm_control_panel.chime", ChimeAction, ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "alarm_control_panel.chime",
+    ChimeAction,
+    ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def alarm_action_chime_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -315,7 +336,10 @@ async def alarm_action_chime_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "alarm_control_panel.ready", ReadyAction, ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "alarm_control_panel.ready",
+    ReadyAction,
+    ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_condition(
     "alarm_control_panel.ready",
diff --git a/esphome/components/animation/__init__.py b/esphome/components/animation/__init__.py
index c4ac7adb23..e9630f5266 100644
--- a/esphome/components/animation/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/animation/__init__.py
@@ -69,9 +69,15 @@ SET_FRAME_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-@automation.register_action("animation.next_frame", NextFrameAction, NEXT_FRAME_SCHEMA)
-@automation.register_action("animation.prev_frame", PrevFrameAction, PREV_FRAME_SCHEMA)
-@automation.register_action("animation.set_frame", SetFrameAction, SET_FRAME_SCHEMA)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "animation.next_frame", NextFrameAction, NEXT_FRAME_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "animation.prev_frame", PrevFrameAction, PREV_FRAME_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "animation.set_frame", SetFrameAction, SET_FRAME_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def animation_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/__init__.py b/esphome/components/api/__init__.py
index c7dec6e78b..9772e6afca 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/api/__init__.py
@@ -712,6 +712,7 @@ API_RESPOND_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     "api.respond",
     APIRespondAction,
     API_RESPOND_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def api_respond_to_code(
     config: ConfigType,
diff --git a/esphome/components/at581x/__init__.py b/esphome/components/at581x/__init__.py
index 117ada123d..0780814ea6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/at581x/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/at581x/__init__.py
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ AT581XSettingsAction = at581x_ns.class_("AT581XSettingsAction", automation.Actio
             cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(AT581XComponent),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def at581x_reset_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -160,6 +161,7 @@ RADAR_SETTINGS_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     "at581x.settings",
     AT581XSettingsAction,
     RADAR_SETTINGS_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def at581x_settings_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio_adc/__init__.py b/esphome/components/audio_adc/__init__.py
index 2f95a039f5..3c9b32e610 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio_adc/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/audio_adc/__init__.py
@@ -23,7 +23,10 @@ SET_MIC_GAIN_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "audio_adc.set_mic_gain", SetMicGainAction, SET_MIC_GAIN_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "audio_adc.set_mic_gain",
+    SetMicGainAction,
+    SET_MIC_GAIN_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def audio_adc_set_mic_gain_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio_dac/__init__.py b/esphome/components/audio_dac/__init__.py
index 92e6cb18fa..a950c1967b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio_dac/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/audio_dac/__init__.py
@@ -31,15 +31,22 @@ SET_VOLUME_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
 )
 
 
-@automation.register_action("audio_dac.mute_off", MuteOffAction, MUTE_ACTION_SCHEMA)
-@automation.register_action("audio_dac.mute_on", MuteOnAction, MUTE_ACTION_SCHEMA)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "audio_dac.mute_off", MuteOffAction, MUTE_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "audio_dac.mute_on", MuteOnAction, MUTE_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def audio_dac_mute_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "audio_dac.set_volume", SetVolumeAction, SET_VOLUME_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "audio_dac.set_volume",
+    SetVolumeAction,
+    SET_VOLUME_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def audio_dac_set_volume_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 1f64118560..37cccc01be 100644
--- a/esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -685,6 +685,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         },
         key=CONF_ID,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def binary_sensor_invalidate_state_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/bl0906/sensor.py b/esphome/components/bl0906/sensor.py
index 42c6f06092..059e10e962 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bl0906/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bl0906/sensor.py
@@ -143,6 +143,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
             cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(BL0906),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def reset_energy_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_client/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ble_client/__init__.py
index 37db181584..56ac2ea147 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_client/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_client/__init__.py
@@ -172,7 +172,10 @@ BLE_REMOVE_BOND_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "ble_client.disconnect", BLEDisconnectAction, BLE_CONNECT_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "ble_client.disconnect",
+    BLEDisconnectAction,
+    BLE_CONNECT_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=False,
 )
 async def ble_disconnect_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -180,7 +183,10 @@ async def ble_disconnect_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "ble_client.connect", BLEConnectAction, BLE_CONNECT_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "ble_client.connect",
+    BLEConnectAction,
+    BLE_CONNECT_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=False,
 )
 async def ble_connect_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -188,7 +194,10 @@ async def ble_connect_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "ble_client.ble_write", BLEWriteAction, BLE_WRITE_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "ble_client.ble_write",
+    BLEWriteAction,
+    BLE_WRITE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=False,
 )
 async def ble_write_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -247,6 +256,7 @@ async def ble_write_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     "ble_client.numeric_comparison_reply",
     BLENumericComparisonReplyAction,
     BLE_NUMERIC_COMPARISON_REPLY_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def numeric_comparison_reply_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -263,7 +273,10 @@ async def numeric_comparison_reply_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "ble_client.passkey_reply", BLEPasskeyReplyAction, BLE_PASSKEY_REPLY_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "ble_client.passkey_reply",
+    BLEPasskeyReplyAction,
+    BLE_PASSKEY_REPLY_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def passkey_reply_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -283,6 +296,7 @@ async def passkey_reply_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     "ble_client.remove_bond",
     BLERemoveBondAction,
     BLE_REMOVE_BOND_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def remove_bond_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/bm8563/time.py b/esphome/components/bm8563/time.py
index 2785315af2..ba264f00bf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bm8563/time.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bm8563/time.py
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(BM8563),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def bm8563_write_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@ async def bm8563_write_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.Required(CONF_DURATION): cv.templatable(cv.positive_time_period_seconds),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def bm8563_start_timer_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -66,6 +68,7 @@ async def bm8563_start_timer_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(BM8563),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def bm8563_read_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/canbus/__init__.py b/esphome/components/canbus/__init__.py
index 7b51c2c45c..c94c8647a9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/canbus/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/canbus/__init__.py
@@ -155,6 +155,7 @@ async def register_canbus(var, config):
         validate_id,
         key=CONF_DATA,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def canbus_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/cc1101/__init__.py b/esphome/components/cc1101/__init__.py
index e2e5986daf..2709290862 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cc1101/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cc1101/__init__.py
@@ -287,10 +287,18 @@ CC1101_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-@automation.register_action("cc1101.begin_tx", BeginTxAction, CC1101_ACTION_SCHEMA)
-@automation.register_action("cc1101.begin_rx", BeginRxAction, CC1101_ACTION_SCHEMA)
-@automation.register_action("cc1101.reset", ResetAction, CC1101_ACTION_SCHEMA)
-@automation.register_action("cc1101.set_idle", SetIdleAction, CC1101_ACTION_SCHEMA)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "cc1101.begin_tx", BeginTxAction, CC1101_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "cc1101.begin_rx", BeginRxAction, CC1101_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "cc1101.reset", ResetAction, CC1101_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "cc1101.set_idle", SetIdleAction, CC1101_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def cc1101_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
@@ -317,7 +325,10 @@ SEND_PACKET_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "cc1101.send_packet", SendPacketAction, SEND_PACKET_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "cc1101.send_packet",
+    SendPacketAction,
+    SEND_PACKET_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def send_packet_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -419,9 +430,9 @@ def _register_setter_actions():
                 cg.add(getattr(var, _setter)(_map[data] if _map else data))
             return var
 
-        automation.register_action(f"cc1101.{setter_name}", action_cls, schema)(
-            _setter_action_to_code
-        )
+        automation.register_action(
+            f"cc1101.{setter_name}", action_cls, schema, synchronous=True
+        )(_setter_action_to_code)
 
 
 _register_setter_actions()
diff --git a/esphome/components/climate/__init__.py b/esphome/components/climate/__init__.py
index f5b91c502c..8cf5fa9b0c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/climate/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/climate/__init__.py
@@ -476,7 +476,10 @@ CLIMATE_CONTROL_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "climate.control", ControlAction, CLIMATE_CONTROL_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "climate.control",
+    ControlAction,
+    CLIMATE_CONTROL_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def climate_control_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/cm1106/sensor.py b/esphome/components/cm1106/sensor.py
index 1d95bcc666..3c82fac977 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cm1106/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cm1106/sensor.py
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ CALIBRATION_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
     "cm1106.calibrate_zero",
     CM1106CalibrateZeroAction,
     CALIBRATION_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def cm1106_calibration_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args) -> None:
     """Service code generation entry point."""
diff --git a/esphome/components/cs5460a/sensor.py b/esphome/components/cs5460a/sensor.py
index 07b5ea1c63..d2383bd01b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/cs5460a/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/cs5460a/sensor.py
@@ -132,6 +132,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(CS5460AComponent),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def restart_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/datetime/__init__.py b/esphome/components/datetime/__init__.py
index 74c9d594f7..90835624bf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/datetime/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/datetime/__init__.py
@@ -187,6 +187,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             ),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def datetime_date_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     action_var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -218,6 +219,7 @@ async def datetime_date_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             ),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def datetime_time_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     action_var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -249,6 +251,7 @@ async def datetime_time_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             ),
         },
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def datetime_datetime_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     action_var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/deep_sleep/__init__.py b/esphome/components/deep_sleep/__init__.py
index 3cfe7aa641..4098fd3fb8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/deep_sleep/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/deep_sleep/__init__.py
@@ -405,7 +405,10 @@ DEEP_SLEEP_ENTER_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "deep_sleep.enter", EnterDeepSleepAction, DEEP_SLEEP_ENTER_SCHEMA
+    "deep_sleep.enter",
+    EnterDeepSleepAction,
+    DEEP_SLEEP_ENTER_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def deep_sleep_enter_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -428,11 +431,13 @@ async def deep_sleep_enter_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     "deep_sleep.prevent",
     PreventDeepSleepAction,
     automation.maybe_simple_id(DEEP_SLEEP_ACTION_SCHEMA),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
     "deep_sleep.allow",
     AllowDeepSleepAction,
     automation.maybe_simple_id(DEEP_SLEEP_ACTION_SCHEMA),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def deep_sleep_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/dfplayer/__init__.py b/esphome/components/dfplayer/__init__.py
index 53ebda6bcc..9df108c9c0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dfplayer/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/dfplayer/__init__.py
@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(DFPlayer),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def dfplayer_next_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -106,6 +107,7 @@ async def dfplayer_next_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(DFPlayer),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def dfplayer_previous_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -123,6 +125,7 @@ async def dfplayer_previous_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
         },
         key=CONF_FILE,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def dfplayer_play_mp3_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -143,6 +146,7 @@ async def dfplayer_play_mp3_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
         },
         key=CONF_FILE,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def dfplayer_play_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -166,6 +170,7 @@ async def dfplayer_play_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.Optional(CONF_LOOP): cv.templatable(cv.boolean),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def dfplayer_play_folder_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -191,6 +196,7 @@ async def dfplayer_play_folder_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
         },
         key=CONF_DEVICE,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def dfplayer_set_device_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -210,6 +216,7 @@ async def dfplayer_set_device_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
         },
         key=CONF_VOLUME,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def dfplayer_set_volume_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -227,6 +234,7 @@ async def dfplayer_set_volume_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(DFPlayer),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def dfplayer_volume_up_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -242,6 +250,7 @@ async def dfplayer_volume_up_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(DFPlayer),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def dfplayer_volume_down_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -259,6 +268,7 @@ async def dfplayer_volume_down_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
         },
         key=CONF_EQ_PRESET,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def dfplayer_set_eq_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -276,6 +286,7 @@ async def dfplayer_set_eq_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(DFPlayer),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def dfplayer_sleep_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -291,6 +302,7 @@ async def dfplayer_sleep_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(DFPlayer),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def dfplayer_reset_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -306,6 +318,7 @@ async def dfplayer_reset_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(DFPlayer),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def dfplayer_start_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -321,6 +334,7 @@ async def dfplayer_start_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(DFPlayer),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def dfplayer_pause_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -336,6 +350,7 @@ async def dfplayer_pause_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(DFPlayer),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def dfplayer_stop_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -351,6 +366,7 @@ async def dfplayer_stop_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(DFPlayer),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def dfplayer_random_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/__init__.py b/esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/__init__.py
index d54b147036..ba77e56abb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/__init__.py
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(DfrobotSen0395Component),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def dfrobot_sen0395_reset_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -151,6 +152,7 @@ MMWAVE_SETTINGS_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     "dfrobot_sen0395.settings",
     DfrobotSen0395SettingsAction,
     MMWAVE_SETTINGS_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def dfrobot_sen0395_settings_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/display/__init__.py b/esphome/components/display/__init__.py
index 695e7cde47..6367f88acc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/display/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/display/__init__.py
@@ -159,6 +159,7 @@ async def register_display(var, config):
             cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.templatable(cv.use_id(DisplayPage)),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def display_page_show_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -179,6 +180,7 @@ async def display_page_show_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.templatable(cv.use_id(Display)),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def display_page_show_next_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -193,6 +195,7 @@ async def display_page_show_next_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.templatable(cv.use_id(Display)),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def display_page_show_previous_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/display_menu_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/display_menu_base/__init__.py
index 658292ec7a..c9a0c7ee93 100644
--- a/esphome/components/display_menu_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/display_menu_base/__init__.py
@@ -294,50 +294,67 @@ MENU_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
 )
 
 
-@automation.register_action("display_menu.up", UpAction, MENU_ACTION_SCHEMA)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "display_menu.up", UpAction, MENU_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def menu_up_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
 
-@automation.register_action("display_menu.down", DownAction, MENU_ACTION_SCHEMA)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "display_menu.down", DownAction, MENU_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def menu_down_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
 
-@automation.register_action("display_menu.left", LeftAction, MENU_ACTION_SCHEMA)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "display_menu.left", LeftAction, MENU_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def menu_left_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
 
-@automation.register_action("display_menu.right", RightAction, MENU_ACTION_SCHEMA)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "display_menu.right", RightAction, MENU_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def menu_right_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
 
-@automation.register_action("display_menu.enter", EnterAction, MENU_ACTION_SCHEMA)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "display_menu.enter", EnterAction, MENU_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def menu_enter_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
 
-@automation.register_action("display_menu.show", ShowAction, MENU_ACTION_SCHEMA)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "display_menu.show", ShowAction, MENU_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def menu_show_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
 
-@automation.register_action("display_menu.hide", HideAction, MENU_ACTION_SCHEMA)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "display_menu.hide", HideAction, MENU_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def menu_hide_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "display_menu.show_main", ShowMainAction, MENU_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "display_menu.show_main",
+    ShowMainAction,
+    MENU_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def menu_show_main_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/ds1307/time.py b/esphome/components/ds1307/time.py
index 42b7184db9..0e7bb976a2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ds1307/time.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ds1307/time.py
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = time.TIME_SCHEMA.extend(
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(DS1307Component),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def ds1307_write_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ async def ds1307_write_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(DS1307Component),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def ds1307_read_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/duty_time/sensor.py b/esphome/components/duty_time/sensor.py
index 1907b3fcfe..456859f8e4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/duty_time/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/duty_time/sensor.py
@@ -90,21 +90,27 @@ DUTY_TIME_ID_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
 )
 
 
-@register_action("sensor.duty_time.start", StartAction, DUTY_TIME_ID_SCHEMA)
+@register_action(
+    "sensor.duty_time.start", StartAction, DUTY_TIME_ID_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def sensor_runtime_start_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
 
 
-@register_action("sensor.duty_time.stop", StopAction, DUTY_TIME_ID_SCHEMA)
+@register_action(
+    "sensor.duty_time.stop", StopAction, DUTY_TIME_ID_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def sensor_runtime_stop_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
     return var
 
 
-@register_action("sensor.duty_time.reset", ResetAction, DUTY_TIME_ID_SCHEMA)
+@register_action(
+    "sensor.duty_time.reset", ResetAction, DUTY_TIME_ID_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def sensor_runtime_reset_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py
index 8b368afc2e..43208eb87e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py
@@ -604,11 +604,15 @@ async def ble_enabled_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
     return cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg)
 
 
-@automation.register_action("ble.enable", BLEEnableAction, cv.Schema({}))
+@automation.register_action(
+    "ble.enable", BLEEnableAction, cv.Schema({}), synchronous=True
+)
 async def ble_enable_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
 
 
-@automation.register_action("ble.disable", BLEDisableAction, cv.Schema({}))
+@automation.register_action(
+    "ble.disable", BLEDisableAction, cv.Schema({}), synchronous=True
+)
 async def ble_disable_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/__init__.py
index b08e791e7e..827ddba955 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/__init__.py
@@ -622,6 +622,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         ),
         validate_set_value_action,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def ble_server_characteristic_set_value(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -641,6 +642,7 @@ async def ble_server_characteristic_set_value(config, action_id, template_arg, a
             cv.Required(CONF_VALUE): value_schema(),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def ble_server_descriptor_set_value(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -662,6 +664,7 @@ async def ble_server_descriptor_set_value(config, action_id, template_arg, args)
         ),
         validate_notify_action,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def ble_server_characteristic_notify(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/__init__.py
index 37e74672ed..c5e8f3178d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/__init__.py
@@ -373,6 +373,7 @@ ESP32_BLE_START_SCAN_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     "esp32_ble_tracker.start_scan",
     ESP32BLEStartScanAction,
     ESP32_BLE_START_SCAN_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def esp32_ble_tracker_start_scan_action_to_code(
     config, action_id, template_arg, args
@@ -396,6 +397,7 @@ ESP32_BLE_STOP_SCAN_ACTION_SCHEMA = automation.maybe_simple_id(
     "esp32_ble_tracker.stop_scan",
     ESP32BLEStopScanAction,
     ESP32_BLE_STOP_SCAN_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def esp32_ble_tracker_stop_scan_action_to_code(
     config, action_id, template_arg, args
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266_pwm/output.py b/esphome/components/esp8266_pwm/output.py
index a78831c516..b9b6dcc95a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp8266_pwm/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266_pwm/output.py
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ async def to_code(config) -> None:
             cv.Required(CONF_FREQUENCY): cv.templatable(validate_frequency),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def esp8266_set_frequency_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp_ldo/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp_ldo/__init__.py
index 5235a9411e..a489651b59 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp_ldo/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp_ldo/__init__.py
@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@ def adjusted_ldo_id(value):
             ),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def ldo_voltage_adjust_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/espnow/__init__.py b/esphome/components/espnow/__init__.py
index faeccd910e..d1a85ae8fd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/espnow/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/espnow/__init__.py
@@ -220,6 +220,7 @@ SEND_SCHEMA.add_extra(_validate_send_action)
     "espnow.send",
     SendAction,
     SEND_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=False,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
     "espnow.broadcast",
@@ -232,6 +233,7 @@ SEND_SCHEMA.add_extra(_validate_send_action)
         ),
         key=CONF_DATA,
     ),
+    synchronous=False,
 )
 async def send_action(
     config: ConfigType,
@@ -271,6 +273,7 @@ async def send_action(
         PEER_SCHEMA,
         key=CONF_ADDRESS,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
     "espnow.peer.delete",
@@ -279,6 +282,7 @@ async def send_action(
         PEER_SCHEMA,
         key=CONF_ADDRESS,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def peer_action(
     config: ConfigType,
@@ -303,6 +307,7 @@ async def peer_action(
         },
         key=CONF_CHANNEL,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def channel_action(
     config: ConfigType,
diff --git a/esphome/components/event/__init__.py b/esphome/components/event/__init__.py
index 14cc1505ad..300902b8ca 100644
--- a/esphome/components/event/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/event/__init__.py
@@ -129,7 +129,9 @@ TRIGGER_EVENT_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-@automation.register_action("event.trigger", TriggerEventAction, TRIGGER_EVENT_SCHEMA)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "event.trigger", TriggerEventAction, TRIGGER_EVENT_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def event_fire_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/ezo_pmp/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ezo_pmp/__init__.py
index c1f72bb05d..1538e303f1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ezo_pmp/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ezo_pmp/__init__.py
@@ -81,7 +81,10 @@ EzoPMPArbitraryCommandAction = ezo_pmp_ns.class_(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "ezo_pmp.find", EzoPMPFindAction, EZO_PMP_NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "ezo_pmp.find",
+    EzoPMPFindAction,
+    EZO_PMP_NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def ezo_pmp_find_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -92,6 +95,7 @@ async def ezo_pmp_find_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     "ezo_pmp.dose_continuously",
     EzoPMPDoseContinuouslyAction,
     EZO_PMP_NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def ezo_pmp_dose_continuously_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -102,6 +106,7 @@ async def ezo_pmp_dose_continuously_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, arg
     "ezo_pmp.clear_total_volume_dosed",
     EzoPMPClearTotalVolumeDispensedAction,
     EZO_PMP_NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def ezo_pmp_clear_total_volume_dosed_to_code(
     config, action_id, template_arg, args
@@ -114,6 +119,7 @@ async def ezo_pmp_clear_total_volume_dosed_to_code(
     "ezo_pmp.clear_calibration",
     EzoPMPClearCalibrationAction,
     EZO_PMP_NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def ezo_pmp_clear_calibration_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -121,7 +127,10 @@ async def ezo_pmp_clear_calibration_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, arg
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "ezo_pmp.pause_dosing", EzoPMPPauseDosingAction, EZO_PMP_NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "ezo_pmp.pause_dosing",
+    EzoPMPPauseDosingAction,
+    EZO_PMP_NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def ezo_pmp_pause_dosing_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -129,7 +138,10 @@ async def ezo_pmp_pause_dosing_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "ezo_pmp.stop_dosing", EzoPMPStopDosingAction, EZO_PMP_NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "ezo_pmp.stop_dosing",
+    EzoPMPStopDosingAction,
+    EZO_PMP_NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def ezo_pmp_stop_dosing_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -149,7 +161,10 @@ EZO_PMP_DOSE_VOLUME_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "ezo_pmp.dose_volume", EzoPMPDoseVolumeAction, EZO_PMP_DOSE_VOLUME_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "ezo_pmp.dose_volume",
+    EzoPMPDoseVolumeAction,
+    EZO_PMP_DOSE_VOLUME_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def ezo_pmp_dose_volume_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -178,6 +193,7 @@ EZO_PMP_DOSE_VOLUME_OVER_TIME_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     "ezo_pmp.dose_volume_over_time",
     EzoPMPDoseVolumeOverTimeAction,
     EZO_PMP_DOSE_VOLUME_OVER_TIME_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def ezo_pmp_dose_volume_over_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -209,6 +225,7 @@ EZO_PMP_DOSE_WITH_CONSTANT_FLOW_RATE_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     "ezo_pmp.dose_with_constant_flow_rate",
     EzoPMPDoseWithConstantFlowRateAction,
     EZO_PMP_DOSE_WITH_CONSTANT_FLOW_RATE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def ezo_pmp_dose_with_constant_flow_rate_to_code(
     config, action_id, template_arg, args
@@ -239,6 +256,7 @@ EZO_PMP_SET_CALIBRATION_VOLUME_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     "ezo_pmp.set_calibration_volume",
     EzoPMPSetCalibrationVolumeAction,
     EZO_PMP_SET_CALIBRATION_VOLUME_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def ezo_pmp_set_calibration_volume_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -262,6 +280,7 @@ EZO_PMP_CHANGE_I2C_ADDRESS_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     "ezo_pmp.change_i2c_address",
     EzoPMPChangeI2CAddressAction,
     EZO_PMP_CHANGE_I2C_ADDRESS_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def ezo_pmp_change_i2c_address_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -285,6 +304,7 @@ EZO_PMP_ARBITRARY_COMMAND_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     "ezo_pmp.arbitrary_command",
     EzoPMPArbitraryCommandAction,
     EZO_PMP_ARBITRARY_COMMAND_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def ezo_pmp_arbitrary_command_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/fan/__init__.py b/esphome/components/fan/__init__.py
index da28c577c8..df71c6ab3f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/fan/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/fan/__init__.py
@@ -365,6 +365,7 @@ async def fan_turn_on_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.Optional(CONF_OFF_SPEED_CYCLE, default=True): cv.boolean,
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def fan_cycle_speed_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/fingerprint_grow/__init__.py b/esphome/components/fingerprint_grow/__init__.py
index 115b89433b..2637097be8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/fingerprint_grow/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/fingerprint_grow/__init__.py
@@ -261,6 +261,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         },
         key=CONF_FINGER_ID,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def fingerprint_grow_enroll_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -282,6 +283,7 @@ async def fingerprint_grow_enroll_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args)
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(FingerprintGrowComponent),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def fingerprint_grow_cancel_enroll_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -299,6 +301,7 @@ async def fingerprint_grow_cancel_enroll_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg
         },
         key=CONF_FINGER_ID,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def fingerprint_grow_delete_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -317,6 +320,7 @@ async def fingerprint_grow_delete_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args)
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(FingerprintGrowComponent),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def fingerprint_grow_delete_all_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -337,6 +341,7 @@ FINGERPRINT_GROW_LED_CONTROL_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
     "fingerprint_grow.led_control",
     LEDControlAction,
     FINGERPRINT_GROW_LED_CONTROL_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def fingerprint_grow_led_control_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -359,6 +364,7 @@ async def fingerprint_grow_led_control_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg,
             cv.Required(CONF_COUNT): cv.templatable(cv.uint8_t),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def fingerprint_grow_aura_led_control_to_code(
     config, action_id, template_arg, args
diff --git a/esphome/components/grove_tb6612fng/__init__.py b/esphome/components/grove_tb6612fng/__init__.py
index 869c05387f..210e2f7bab 100644
--- a/esphome/components/grove_tb6612fng/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/grove_tb6612fng/__init__.py
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             cv.Required(CONF_DIRECTION): cv.enum(DIRECTION_TYPE, upper=True),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def grove_tb6612fng_run_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -96,6 +97,7 @@ async def grove_tb6612fng_run_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.Required(CONF_CHANNEL): cv.templatable(cv.int_range(min=0, max=1)),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def grove_tb6612fng_break_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -115,6 +117,7 @@ async def grove_tb6612fng_break_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.Required(CONF_CHANNEL): cv.templatable(cv.int_range(min=0, max=1)),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def grove_tb6612fng_stop_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -133,6 +136,7 @@ async def grove_tb6612fng_stop_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(GROVE_TB6612FNG),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def grove_tb6612fng_standby_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -149,6 +153,7 @@ async def grove_tb6612fng_standby_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args)
             cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(GROVE_TB6612FNG),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def grove_tb6612fng_no_standby_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -166,6 +171,7 @@ async def grove_tb6612fng_no_standby_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, ar
             cv.Required(CONF_ADDRESS): cv.i2c_address,
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def grove_tb6612fng_change_address_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/haier/climate.py b/esphome/components/haier/climate.py
index 6c208f6caa..caaaa18dd6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/haier/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/haier/climate.py
@@ -319,10 +319,16 @@ HAIER_HON_BASE_ACTION_SCHEMA = automation.maybe_simple_id(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "climate.haier.display_on", DisplayOnAction, HAIER_BASE_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "climate.haier.display_on",
+    DisplayOnAction,
+    HAIER_BASE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "climate.haier.display_off", DisplayOffAction, HAIER_BASE_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "climate.haier.display_off",
+    DisplayOffAction,
+    HAIER_BASE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def display_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -330,10 +336,16 @@ async def display_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "climate.haier.beeper_on", BeeperOnAction, HAIER_HON_BASE_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "climate.haier.beeper_on",
+    BeeperOnAction,
+    HAIER_HON_BASE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "climate.haier.beeper_off", BeeperOffAction, HAIER_HON_BASE_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "climate.haier.beeper_off",
+    BeeperOffAction,
+    HAIER_HON_BASE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def beeper_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -345,11 +357,13 @@ async def beeper_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     "climate.haier.start_self_cleaning",
     StartSelfCleaningAction,
     HAIER_HON_BASE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
     "climate.haier.start_steri_cleaning",
     StartSteriCleaningAction,
     HAIER_HON_BASE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def start_cleaning_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -368,6 +382,7 @@ async def start_cleaning_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             ),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def haier_set_vertical_airflow_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -391,6 +406,7 @@ async def haier_set_vertical_airflow_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, ar
             ),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def haier_set_horizontal_airflow_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -403,10 +419,16 @@ async def haier_set_horizontal_airflow_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg,
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "climate.haier.health_on", HealthOnAction, HAIER_BASE_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "climate.haier.health_on",
+    HealthOnAction,
+    HAIER_BASE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "climate.haier.health_off", HealthOffAction, HAIER_BASE_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "climate.haier.health_off",
+    HealthOffAction,
+    HAIER_BASE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def health_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -414,13 +436,22 @@ async def health_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "climate.haier.power_on", PowerOnAction, HAIER_BASE_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "climate.haier.power_on",
+    PowerOnAction,
+    HAIER_BASE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "climate.haier.power_off", PowerOffAction, HAIER_BASE_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "climate.haier.power_off",
+    PowerOffAction,
+    HAIER_BASE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "climate.haier.power_toggle", PowerToggleAction, HAIER_BASE_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "climate.haier.power_toggle",
+    PowerToggleAction,
+    HAIER_BASE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def power_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/hbridge/fan/__init__.py b/esphome/components/hbridge/fan/__init__.py
index 31a20a8981..8ea8677ba2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hbridge/fan/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hbridge/fan/__init__.py
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     "fan.hbridge.brake",
     BrakeAction,
     maybe_simple_id({cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(HBridgeFan)}),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def fan_hbridge_brake_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/hc8/sensor.py b/esphome/components/hc8/sensor.py
index 2f39b47f3c..29b428e310 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hc8/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hc8/sensor.py
@@ -68,7 +68,10 @@ CALIBRATION_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "hc8.calibrate", HC8CalibrateAction, CALIBRATION_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "hc8.calibrate",
+    HC8CalibrateAction,
+    CALIBRATION_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def hc8_calibration_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hdc302x/sensor.py b/esphome/components/hdc302x/sensor.py
index 7215a4cfb7..a6265b9b98 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hdc302x/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hdc302x/sensor.py
@@ -114,7 +114,10 @@ HDC302X_HEATER_ON_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "hdc302x.heater_on", HeaterOnAction, HDC302X_HEATER_ON_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "hdc302x.heater_on",
+    HeaterOnAction,
+    HDC302X_HEATER_ON_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def hdc302x_heater_on_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -127,7 +130,10 @@ async def hdc302x_heater_on_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "hdc302x.heater_off", HeaterOffAction, HDC302X_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "hdc302x.heater_off",
+    HeaterOffAction,
+    HDC302X_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def hdc302x_heater_off_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/__init__.py b/esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/__init__.py
index efd64b6513..cb6d5cdfd6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/__init__.py
@@ -170,6 +170,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         },
         key=CONF_NAME,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def hlk_fm22x_enroll_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -192,6 +193,7 @@ async def hlk_fm22x_enroll_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
         },
         key=CONF_FACE_ID,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def hlk_fm22x_delete_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -210,6 +212,7 @@ async def hlk_fm22x_delete_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(HlkFm22xComponent),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def hlk_fm22x_delete_all_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -225,6 +228,7 @@ async def hlk_fm22x_delete_all_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(HlkFm22xComponent),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def hlk_fm22x_scan_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -240,6 +244,7 @@ async def hlk_fm22x_scan_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(HlkFm22xComponent),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def hlk_fm22x_reset_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/__init__.py b/esphome/components/http_request/__init__.py
index 81337ebdf6..416432cfc4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/__init__.py
@@ -279,13 +279,22 @@ HTTP_REQUEST_SEND_ACTION_SCHEMA = HTTP_REQUEST_ACTION_SCHEMA.extend(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "http_request.get", HttpRequestSendAction, HTTP_REQUEST_GET_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "http_request.get",
+    HttpRequestSendAction,
+    HTTP_REQUEST_GET_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "http_request.post", HttpRequestSendAction, HTTP_REQUEST_POST_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "http_request.post",
+    HttpRequestSendAction,
+    HTTP_REQUEST_POST_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "http_request.send", HttpRequestSendAction, HTTP_REQUEST_SEND_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "http_request.send",
+    HttpRequestSendAction,
+    HTTP_REQUEST_SEND_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def http_request_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/ota/__init__.py b/esphome/components/http_request/ota/__init__.py
index d2c574d8c6..fb59e51943 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/ota/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/ota/__init__.py
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ OTA_HTTP_REQUEST_FLASH_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     "ota.http_request.flash",
     OtaHttpRequestComponentFlashAction,
     OTA_HTTP_REQUEST_FLASH_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def ota_http_request_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/htu21d/sensor.py b/esphome/components/htu21d/sensor.py
index a578670e37..92c088a22f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/htu21d/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/htu21d/sensor.py
@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         },
         key=CONF_LEVEL,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def set_heater_level_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -112,6 +113,7 @@ async def set_heater_level_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
         },
         key=CONF_STATUS,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def set_heater_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/hub75/display.py b/esphome/components/hub75/display.py
index f1e6ef4243..4f62ce7a94 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hub75/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/hub75/display.py
@@ -652,6 +652,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         },
         key=CONF_BRIGHTNESS,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def hub75_set_brightness_to_code(
     config: ConfigType,
diff --git a/esphome/components/integration/sensor.py b/esphome/components/integration/sensor.py
index 2676638556..d0aae4201e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/integration/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/integration/sensor.py
@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(IntegrationSensor),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def sensor_integration_reset_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -127,6 +128,7 @@ async def sensor_integration_reset_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args
             cv.Required(CONF_VALUE): cv.templatable(cv.float_),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def sensor_integration_set_value_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/key_collector/__init__.py b/esphome/components/key_collector/__init__.py
index badb28c32c..1f4519df2d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/key_collector/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/key_collector/__init__.py
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(KeyCollector),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def enable_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -157,6 +158,7 @@ async def enable_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(KeyCollector),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def disable_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2410/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ld2410/__init__.py
index b492bbcd14..360e56330a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2410/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2410/__init__.py
@@ -97,7 +97,10 @@ BLUETOOTH_PASSWORD_SET_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "bluetooth_password.set", BluetoothPasswordSetAction, BLUETOOTH_PASSWORD_SET_SCHEMA
+    "bluetooth_password.set",
+    BluetoothPasswordSetAction,
+    BLUETOOTH_PASSWORD_SET_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def bluetooth_password_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/ledc/output.py b/esphome/components/ledc/output.py
index 7a45b9dc3f..62ff5ad30a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ledc/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ledc/output.py
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             cv.Required(CONF_FREQUENCY): cv.templatable(validate_frequency),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def ledc_set_frequency_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/libretiny_pwm/output.py b/esphome/components/libretiny_pwm/output.py
index 28556514d8..e812b6a8f2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/libretiny_pwm/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/libretiny_pwm/output.py
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             cv.Required(CONF_FREQUENCY): cv.templatable(cv.int_),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def libretiny_pwm_set_frequency_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/automation.py b/esphome/components/light/automation.py
index 08fd26a937..55273003b9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/automation.py
+++ b/esphome/components/light/automation.py
@@ -278,7 +278,10 @@ LIGHT_ADDRESSABLE_SET_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "light.addressable_set", AddressableSet, LIGHT_ADDRESSABLE_SET_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "light.addressable_set",
+    AddressableSet,
+    LIGHT_ADDRESSABLE_SET_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def light_addressable_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/lightwaverf/__init__.py b/esphome/components/lightwaverf/__init__.py
index 802b341601..acbbbb4de9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lightwaverf/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lightwaverf/__init__.py
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ LIGHTWAVE_SEND_SCHEMA = cv.Any(
     "lightwaverf.send_raw",
     LightwaveRawAction,
     LIGHTWAVE_SEND_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def send_raw_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/lock/__init__.py b/esphome/components/lock/__init__.py
index e37092756f..fe4db23ae3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lock/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lock/__init__.py
@@ -129,9 +129,15 @@ LOCK_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
 )
 
 
-@automation.register_action("lock.unlock", UnlockAction, LOCK_ACTION_SCHEMA)
-@automation.register_action("lock.lock", LockAction, LOCK_ACTION_SCHEMA)
-@automation.register_action("lock.open", OpenAction, LOCK_ACTION_SCHEMA)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "lock.unlock", UnlockAction, LOCK_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "lock.lock", LockAction, LOCK_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "lock.open", OpenAction, LOCK_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def lock_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py b/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
index 026b8aaf24..83a7854165 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
@@ -545,6 +545,7 @@ async def logger_log_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
         },
         key=CONF_LEVEL,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def logger_set_level_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     level = LOG_LEVELS[config[CONF_LEVEL]]
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/automation.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/automation.py
index b589e42f3b..f9adca9c33 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/automation.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/automation.py
@@ -182,6 +182,7 @@ async def disp_update(disp, config: dict):
         ),
         LVGL_SCHEMA,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def obj_invalidate_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     if CONF_LVGL_ID in config:
@@ -202,6 +203,7 @@ async def obj_invalidate_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     DISP_BG_SCHEMA.extend(LVGL_SCHEMA).add_extra(
         cv.has_at_least_one_key(CONF_DISP_BG_COLOR, CONF_DISP_BG_IMAGE)
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def lvgl_update_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     widgets = await get_widgets(config, CONF_LVGL_ID)
@@ -222,6 +224,7 @@ async def lvgl_update_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.Optional(CONF_SHOW_SNOW, default=False): lv_bool,
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def pause_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     lv_comp = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LVGL_ID])
@@ -237,6 +240,7 @@ async def pause_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     "lvgl.resume",
     LvglAction,
     LVGL_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def resume_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     lv_comp = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LVGL_ID])
@@ -247,7 +251,9 @@ async def resume_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     return var
 
 
-@automation.register_action("lvgl.widget.disable", ObjUpdateAction, LIST_ACTION_SCHEMA)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "lvgl.widget.disable", ObjUpdateAction, LIST_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def obj_disable_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     async def do_disable(widget: Widget):
         widget.add_state(LV_STATE.DISABLED)
@@ -257,7 +263,9 @@ async def obj_disable_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     )
 
 
-@automation.register_action("lvgl.widget.enable", ObjUpdateAction, LIST_ACTION_SCHEMA)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "lvgl.widget.enable", ObjUpdateAction, LIST_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def obj_enable_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     async def do_enable(widget: Widget):
         widget.clear_state(LV_STATE.DISABLED)
@@ -267,7 +275,9 @@ async def obj_enable_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     )
 
 
-@automation.register_action("lvgl.widget.hide", ObjUpdateAction, LIST_ACTION_SCHEMA)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "lvgl.widget.hide", ObjUpdateAction, LIST_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def obj_hide_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     async def do_hide(widget: Widget):
         widget.add_flag("LV_OBJ_FLAG_HIDDEN")
@@ -276,7 +286,9 @@ async def obj_hide_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     return await action_to_code(widgets, do_hide, action_id, template_arg, args)
 
 
-@automation.register_action("lvgl.widget.show", ObjUpdateAction, LIST_ACTION_SCHEMA)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "lvgl.widget.show", ObjUpdateAction, LIST_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def obj_show_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     async def do_show(widget: Widget):
         widget.clear_flag("LV_OBJ_FLAG_HIDDEN")
@@ -318,6 +330,7 @@ def focused_id(value):
             key=CONF_ID,
         ),
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def widget_focus(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     widget = await get_widgets(config)
@@ -357,7 +370,10 @@ async def widget_focus(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "lvgl.widget.update", ObjUpdateAction, base_update_schema(lv_obj_base_t, PARTS)
+    "lvgl.widget.update",
+    ObjUpdateAction,
+    base_update_schema(lv_obj_base_t, PARTS),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def obj_update_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     async def do_update(widget: Widget):
@@ -389,6 +405,7 @@ def validate_refresh_config(config):
         ),
         validate_refresh_config,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def obj_refresh_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     widget = await get_widgets(config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/styles.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/styles.py
index 3969c9f388..b9801b4133 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/styles.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/styles.py
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ async def styles_to_code(config):
             cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(lv_style_t),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def style_update_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     await wait_for_widgets()
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/types.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/types.py
index 9c92ca7e98..09d40bb7ef 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/types.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/types.py
@@ -164,6 +164,7 @@ class WidgetType:
                 f"lvgl.{self.name}.update",
                 ObjUpdateAction,
                 base_update_schema(self, self.parts).extend(self.modify_schema),
+                synchronous=True,
             )(update_to_code)
 
     @property
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/animimg.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/animimg.py
index b824d28fb8..8e2db5ff35 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/animimg.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/animimg.py
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ animimg_spec = AnimimgType()
         },
         key=CONF_ID,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def animimg_start(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     widget = await get_widgets(config)
@@ -102,6 +103,7 @@ async def animimg_start(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
         },
         key=CONF_ID,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def animimg_stop(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     widget = await get_widgets(config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/buttonmatrix.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/buttonmatrix.py
index fe421aa477..f94f12b69b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/buttonmatrix.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/buttonmatrix.py
@@ -245,6 +245,7 @@ buttonmatrix_spec = ButtonMatrixType()
             cv.Optional(CONF_SELECTED): lv_bool,
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def button_update_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     widgets = await get_widgets(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/canvas.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/canvas.py
index ead352aa77..50cc8b0af6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/canvas.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/canvas.py
@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@ canvas_spec = CanvasType()
             cv.Optional(CONF_OPA, default="COVER"): opacity,
         },
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def canvas_fill(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     widget = await get_widgets(config)
@@ -120,6 +121,7 @@ async def canvas_fill(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.Required(CONF_POINTS): cv.ensure_list(point_schema),
         },
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def canvas_set_pixel(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     widget = await get_widgets(config)
@@ -229,6 +231,7 @@ RECT_PROPS = {
             **{cv.Optional(prop): STYLE_PROPS[prop] for prop in RECT_PROPS},
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def canvas_draw_rect(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     width = await pixels.process(config[CONF_WIDTH])
@@ -268,6 +271,7 @@ TEXT_PROPS = {
             **{cv.Optional(prop): STYLE_PROPS[f"text_{prop}"] for prop in TEXT_PROPS},
         },
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def canvas_draw_text(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     text = await lv_text.process(config[CONF_TEXT])
@@ -302,6 +306,7 @@ IMG_PROPS = {
             **{cv.Optional(prop): validator for prop, validator in IMG_PROPS.items()},
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def canvas_draw_image(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     src = await lv_image.process(config[CONF_SRC])
@@ -341,6 +346,7 @@ LINE_PROPS = {
             **{cv.Optional(prop): validator for prop, validator in LINE_PROPS.items()},
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def canvas_draw_line(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     points = [
@@ -369,6 +375,7 @@ async def canvas_draw_line(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             **{cv.Optional(prop): STYLE_PROPS[prop] for prop in RECT_PROPS},
         },
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def canvas_draw_polygon(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     points = [
@@ -408,6 +415,7 @@ ARC_PROPS = {
             **{cv.Optional(prop): validator for prop, validator in ARC_PROPS.items()},
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def canvas_draw_arc(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     radius = await size.process(config[CONF_RADIUS])
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/meter.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/meter.py
index aefda0e71a..b7e3af9a78 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/meter.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/meter.py
@@ -297,6 +297,7 @@ meter_spec = MeterType()
             cv.Optional(CONF_OPA): opacity,
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def indicator_update_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     widget = await get_widgets(config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/page.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/page.py
index 23c162e010..7e75ab6a2d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/page.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/page.py
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ page_spec = PageType()
     "lvgl.page.next",
     LvglAction,
     SHOW_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def page_next_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     animation = await LV_ANIM.process(config[CONF_ANIMATION])
@@ -125,6 +126,7 @@ async def page_is_showing_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
     "lvgl.page.previous",
     LvglAction,
     SHOW_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def page_previous_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     animation = await LV_ANIM.process(config[CONF_ANIMATION])
@@ -148,6 +150,7 @@ async def page_previous_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
         ),
         key=CONF_ID,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def page_show_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     widget = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/spinbox.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/spinbox.py
index c6f25e9587..58e3435c5c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/spinbox.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/spinbox.py
@@ -147,6 +147,7 @@ spinbox_spec = SpinboxType()
         },
         key=CONF_ID,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def spinbox_increment(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     widgets = await get_widgets(config)
@@ -166,6 +167,7 @@ async def spinbox_increment(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
         },
         key=CONF_ID,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def spinbox_decrement(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     widgets = await get_widgets(config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/tabview.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/tabview.py
index e8931bab7c..cd7cf7b471 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/tabview.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/tabview.py
@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@ tabview_spec = TabviewType()
             cv.Required(CONF_INDEX): lv_int,
         },
     ).add_extra(cv.has_at_least_one_key(CONF_INDEX, CONF_TAB_ID)),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def tabview_select(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     widget = await get_widgets(config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/tileview.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/tileview.py
index 5e3a95f017..430a386d2e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/tileview.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/tileview.py
@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@ def tile_select_validate(config):
             cv.Optional(CONF_TILE_ID): cv.use_id(lv_tile_t),
         },
     ).add_extra(tile_select_validate),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def tileview_select(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     widgets = await get_widgets(config)
diff --git a/esphome/components/max17043/sensor.py b/esphome/components/max17043/sensor.py
index 3da0f953b0..ebb045dfce 100644
--- a/esphome/components/max17043/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/max17043/sensor.py
@@ -71,7 +71,9 @@ MAX17043_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
 )
 
 
-@automation.register_action("max17043.sleep_mode", SleepAction, MAX17043_ACTION_SCHEMA)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "max17043.sleep_mode", SleepAction, MAX17043_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def max17043_sleep_mode_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
diff --git a/esphome/components/max6956/__init__.py b/esphome/components/max6956/__init__.py
index 0d2ff527c7..be6390fc17 100644
--- a/esphome/components/max6956/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/max6956/__init__.py
@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@ async def max6956_pin_to_code(config):
         },
         key=CONF_BRIGHTNESS_GLOBAL,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def max6956_set_brightness_global_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -133,6 +134,7 @@ async def max6956_set_brightness_global_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg,
         },
         key=CONF_BRIGHTNESS_MODE,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def max6956_set_brightness_mode_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/max7219digit/display.py b/esphome/components/max7219digit/display.py
index a251eaccea..eb751b995d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/max7219digit/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/max7219digit/display.py
@@ -133,10 +133,16 @@ MAX7219_ON_ACTION_SCHEMA = automation.maybe_simple_id(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "max7219digit.invert_off", DisplayInvertAction, MAX7219_OFF_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "max7219digit.invert_off",
+    DisplayInvertAction,
+    MAX7219_OFF_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "max7219digit.invert_on", DisplayInvertAction, MAX7219_ON_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "max7219digit.invert_on",
+    DisplayInvertAction,
+    MAX7219_ON_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def max7219digit_invert_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -146,10 +152,16 @@ async def max7219digit_invert_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "max7219digit.turn_off", DisplayVisibilityAction, MAX7219_OFF_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "max7219digit.turn_off",
+    DisplayVisibilityAction,
+    MAX7219_OFF_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "max7219digit.turn_on", DisplayVisibilityAction, MAX7219_ON_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "max7219digit.turn_on",
+    DisplayVisibilityAction,
+    MAX7219_ON_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def max7219digit_visible_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -159,10 +171,16 @@ async def max7219digit_visible_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "max7219digit.reverse_off", DisplayReverseAction, MAX7219_OFF_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "max7219digit.reverse_off",
+    DisplayReverseAction,
+    MAX7219_OFF_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "max7219digit.reverse_on", DisplayReverseAction, MAX7219_ON_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "max7219digit.reverse_on",
+    DisplayReverseAction,
+    MAX7219_ON_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def max7219digit_reverse_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -183,7 +201,10 @@ MAX7219_INTENSITY_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "max7219digit.intensity", DisplayIntensityAction, MAX7219_INTENSITY_SCHEMA
+    "max7219digit.intensity",
+    DisplayIntensityAction,
+    MAX7219_INTENSITY_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def max7219digit_intensity_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/media_player/__init__.py b/esphome/components/media_player/__init__.py
index 051e386eaf..a5baca2994 100644
--- a/esphome/components/media_player/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/media_player/__init__.py
@@ -177,6 +177,7 @@ MEDIA_PLAYER_CONDITION_SCHEMA = automation.maybe_simple_id(
         },
         key=CONF_MEDIA_URL,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def media_player_play_media_action(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -206,7 +207,10 @@ def _register_command_actions():
             class_name, automation.Action, cg.Parented.template(MediaPlayer)
         )
         automation.register_action(
-            f"media_player.{action_name}", action_class, MEDIA_PLAYER_ACTION_SCHEMA
+            f"media_player.{action_name}",
+            action_class,
+            MEDIA_PLAYER_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+            synchronous=True,
         )(handler)
 
 
@@ -242,6 +246,7 @@ _register_state_conditions()
         },
         key=CONF_VOLUME,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def media_player_volume_set_action(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mhz19/sensor.py b/esphome/components/mhz19/sensor.py
index 2841afde7a..b7d0ad1998 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mhz19/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mhz19/sensor.py
@@ -112,13 +112,22 @@ NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "mhz19.calibrate_zero", MHZ19CalibrateZeroAction, NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "mhz19.calibrate_zero",
+    MHZ19CalibrateZeroAction,
+    NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "mhz19.abc_enable", MHZ19ABCEnableAction, NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "mhz19.abc_enable",
+    MHZ19ABCEnableAction,
+    NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "mhz19.abc_disable", MHZ19ABCDisableAction, NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "mhz19.abc_disable",
+    MHZ19ABCDisableAction,
+    NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def mhz19_no_args_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -137,7 +146,10 @@ RANGE_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "mhz19.detection_range_set", MHZ19DetectionRangeSetAction, RANGE_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "mhz19.detection_range_set",
+    MHZ19DetectionRangeSetAction,
+    RANGE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def mhz19_detection_range_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/__init__.py b/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/__init__.py
index 74696584da..372eb4c3b0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/__init__.py
@@ -529,8 +529,15 @@ async def to_code(config):
 MICRO_WAKE_WORD_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema({cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(MicroWakeWord)})
 
 
-@register_action("micro_wake_word.start", StartAction, MICRO_WAKE_WORD_ACTION_SCHEMA)
-@register_action("micro_wake_word.stop", StopAction, MICRO_WAKE_WORD_ACTION_SCHEMA)
+@register_action(
+    "micro_wake_word.start",
+    StartAction,
+    MICRO_WAKE_WORD_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+@register_action(
+    "micro_wake_word.stop", StopAction, MICRO_WAKE_WORD_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 @register_condition(
     "micro_wake_word.is_running", IsRunningCondition, MICRO_WAKE_WORD_ACTION_SCHEMA
 )
@@ -551,11 +558,13 @@ MICRO_WAKE_WORLD_MODEL_ACTION_SCHEMA = automation.maybe_simple_id(
     "micro_wake_word.enable_model",
     EnableModelAction,
     MICRO_WAKE_WORLD_MODEL_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @register_action(
     "micro_wake_word.disable_model",
     DisableModelAction,
     MICRO_WAKE_WORLD_MODEL_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @register_condition(
     "micro_wake_word.model_is_enabled",
diff --git a/esphome/components/microphone/__init__.py b/esphome/components/microphone/__init__.py
index ce31484413..6b5ee8c3e1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/microphone/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/microphone/__init__.py
@@ -190,19 +190,25 @@ async def microphone_action(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 
 
 automation.register_action(
-    "microphone.capture", CaptureAction, MICROPHONE_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "microphone.capture",
+    CaptureAction,
+    MICROPHONE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )(microphone_action)
 
 automation.register_action(
-    "microphone.stop_capture", StopCaptureAction, MICROPHONE_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "microphone.stop_capture",
+    StopCaptureAction,
+    MICROPHONE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )(microphone_action)
 
-automation.register_action("microphone.mute", MuteAction, MICROPHONE_ACTION_SCHEMA)(
-    microphone_action
-)
-automation.register_action("microphone.unmute", UnmuteAction, MICROPHONE_ACTION_SCHEMA)(
-    microphone_action
-)
+automation.register_action(
+    "microphone.mute", MuteAction, MICROPHONE_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)(microphone_action)
+automation.register_action(
+    "microphone.unmute", UnmuteAction, MICROPHONE_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)(microphone_action)
 
 automation.register_condition(
     "microphone.is_capturing", IsCapturingCondition, MICROPHONE_ACTION_SCHEMA
diff --git a/esphome/components/midea/climate.py b/esphome/components/midea/climate.py
index 8a3d4f22ba..c954b45033 100644
--- a/esphome/components/midea/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/midea/climate.py
@@ -53,7 +53,9 @@ def templatize(value):
 
 def register_action(name, type_, schema):
     validator = templatize(schema).extend(MIDEA_ACTION_BASE_SCHEMA)
-    registerer = automation.register_action(f"midea_ac.{name}", type_, validator)
+    registerer = automation.register_action(
+        f"midea_ac.{name}", type_, validator, synchronous=True
+    )
 
     def decorator(func):
         async def new_func(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
diff --git a/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/__init__.py
index a3025d7121..63b419cc98 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mixer/speaker/__init__.py
@@ -162,6 +162,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             ),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def ducking_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/__init__.py b/esphome/components/mqtt/__init__.py
index c25c472038..d110d7c160 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/__init__.py
@@ -607,6 +607,7 @@ async def mqtt_connected_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(MQTTClientComponent),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def mqtt_enable_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -621,6 +622,7 @@ async def mqtt_enable_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(MQTTClientComponent),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def mqtt_disable_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/nau7802/sensor.py b/esphome/components/nau7802/sensor.py
index 9192f48f53..9798c1c297 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nau7802/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/nau7802/sensor.py
@@ -117,16 +117,19 @@ NAU7802_CALIBRATE_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
     "nau7802.calibrate_internal_offset",
     NAU7802CalbrateInternalOffsetAction,
     NAU7802_CALIBRATE_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
     "nau7802.calibrate_external_offset",
     NAU7802CalbrateExternalOffsetAction,
     NAU7802_CALIBRATE_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
     "nau7802.calibrate_gain",
     NAU7802CalbrateGainAction,
     NAU7802_CALIBRATE_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def nau7802_calibrate_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/nextion/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/nextion/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 7ef72c6491..5b5922887c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nextion/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/nextion/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             ),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def sensor_nextion_publish_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/nextion/display.py b/esphome/components/nextion/display.py
index b8fcd5d8cf..5b2dfc488d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nextion/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/nextion/display.py
@@ -172,6 +172,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
         },
         key=CONF_BRIGHTNESS,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def nextion_set_brightness_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/nextion/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/nextion/sensor/__init__.py
index 9802762ff3..cab531f1db 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nextion/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/nextion/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -110,6 +110,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             ),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def sensor_nextion_publish_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/nextion/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/nextion/switch/__init__.py
index 1974ff3b9e..81e6721d0f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nextion/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/nextion/switch/__init__.py
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             ),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def sensor_nextion_publish_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/nextion/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/nextion/text_sensor/__init__.py
index 8fc0a8ceaf..168a672497 100644
--- a/esphome/components/nextion/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/nextion/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             ),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def sensor_nextion_publish_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/online_image/__init__.py b/esphome/components/online_image/__init__.py
index 057244e03d..35a9de3537 100644
--- a/esphome/components/online_image/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/online_image/__init__.py
@@ -106,9 +106,14 @@ RELEASE_IMAGE_SCHEMA = automation.maybe_simple_id(
 )
 
 
-@automation.register_action("online_image.set_url", SetUrlAction, SET_URL_SCHEMA)
 @automation.register_action(
-    "online_image.release", ReleaseImageAction, RELEASE_IMAGE_SCHEMA
+    "online_image.set_url", SetUrlAction, SET_URL_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "online_image.release",
+    ReleaseImageAction,
+    RELEASE_IMAGE_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def online_image_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/output/__init__.py b/esphome/components/output/__init__.py
index a4c960927b..a4ce2b2d1a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/output/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/output/__init__.py
@@ -118,6 +118,7 @@ async def output_set_level_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.Required(CONF_MIN_POWER): cv.templatable(cv.percentage),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def output_set_min_power_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -136,6 +137,7 @@ async def output_set_min_power_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.Required(CONF_MAX_POWER): cv.templatable(cv.percentage),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def output_set_max_power_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/pcf85063/time.py b/esphome/components/pcf85063/time.py
index f3c0c3230f..8e19178cc9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pcf85063/time.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pcf85063/time.py
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = time.TIME_SCHEMA.extend(
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(PCF85063Component),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def pcf85063_write_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ async def pcf85063_write_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(PCF85063Component),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def pcf85063_read_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pcf8563/time.py b/esphome/components/pcf8563/time.py
index e3b3b572aa..0d4de3cb73 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pcf8563/time.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pcf8563/time.py
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = time.TIME_SCHEMA.extend(
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(pcf8563Component),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def pcf8563_write_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@ async def pcf8563_write_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(pcf8563Component),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def pcf8563_read_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pid/climate.py b/esphome/components/pid/climate.py
index 5fa3166f9d..0e66b67637 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pid/climate.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pid/climate.py
@@ -133,6 +133,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(PIDClimate),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def pid_reset_integral_term(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -154,6 +155,7 @@ async def pid_reset_integral_term(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             ): cv.possibly_negative_percentage,
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def esp8266_set_frequency_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -175,6 +177,7 @@ async def esp8266_set_frequency_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.Optional(CONF_KD, default=0.0): cv.templatable(cv.float_),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def set_control_parameters(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/pipsolar/output/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pipsolar/output/__init__.py
index 829f8f7037..81e99e15a2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pipsolar/output/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pipsolar/output/__init__.py
@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             cv.Required(CONF_VALUE): cv.templatable(cv.positive_float),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def output_pipsolar_set_level_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/pmwcs3/sensor.py b/esphome/components/pmwcs3/sensor.py
index 075b9b00b5..bb40f3e499 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pmwcs3/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pmwcs3/sensor.py
@@ -106,11 +106,13 @@ PMWCS3_CALIBRATION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     "pmwcs3.air_calibration",
     PMWCS3AirCalibrationAction,
     PMWCS3_CALIBRATION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
     "pmwcs3.water_calibration",
     PMWCS3WaterCalibrationAction,
     PMWCS3_CALIBRATION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def pmwcs3_calibration_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -130,6 +132,7 @@ PMWCS3_NEW_I2C_ADDRESS_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
     "pmwcs3.new_i2c_address",
     PMWCS3NewI2cAddressAction,
     PMWCS3_NEW_I2C_ADDRESS_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def pmwcs3newi2caddress_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn7150/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pn7150/__init__.py
index 131b56e30e..6af1412881 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn7150/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pn7150/__init__.py
@@ -119,11 +119,13 @@ PN7150_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     "tag.set_emulation_message",
     SetEmulationMessageAction,
     SET_MESSAGE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
     "tag.set_write_message",
     SetWriteMessageAction,
     SET_MESSAGE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def pn7150_set_message_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -138,22 +140,43 @@ async def pn7150_set_message_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "tag.emulation_off", EmulationOffAction, SIMPLE_ACTION_SCHEMA
-)
-@automation.register_action("tag.emulation_on", EmulationOnAction, SIMPLE_ACTION_SCHEMA)
-@automation.register_action("tag.polling_off", PollingOffAction, SIMPLE_ACTION_SCHEMA)
-@automation.register_action("tag.polling_on", PollingOnAction, SIMPLE_ACTION_SCHEMA)
-@automation.register_action(
-    "tag.set_clean_mode", SetCleanModeAction, SIMPLE_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "tag.emulation_off",
+    EmulationOffAction,
+    SIMPLE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "tag.set_format_mode", SetFormatModeAction, SIMPLE_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "tag.emulation_on", EmulationOnAction, SIMPLE_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "tag.set_read_mode", SetReadModeAction, SIMPLE_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "tag.polling_off", PollingOffAction, SIMPLE_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "tag.set_write_mode", SetWriteModeAction, SIMPLE_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "tag.polling_on", PollingOnAction, SIMPLE_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "tag.set_clean_mode",
+    SetCleanModeAction,
+    SIMPLE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "tag.set_format_mode",
+    SetFormatModeAction,
+    SIMPLE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "tag.set_read_mode",
+    SetReadModeAction,
+    SIMPLE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "tag.set_write_mode",
+    SetWriteModeAction,
+    SIMPLE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def pn7150_simple_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pn7160/__init__.py b/esphome/components/pn7160/__init__.py
index 899ecd595e..54e4b74796 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pn7160/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pn7160/__init__.py
@@ -123,11 +123,13 @@ PN7160_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     "tag.set_emulation_message",
     SetEmulationMessageAction,
     SET_MESSAGE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
     "tag.set_write_message",
     SetWriteMessageAction,
     SET_MESSAGE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def pn7160_set_message_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -142,22 +144,43 @@ async def pn7160_set_message_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "tag.emulation_off", EmulationOffAction, SIMPLE_ACTION_SCHEMA
-)
-@automation.register_action("tag.emulation_on", EmulationOnAction, SIMPLE_ACTION_SCHEMA)
-@automation.register_action("tag.polling_off", PollingOffAction, SIMPLE_ACTION_SCHEMA)
-@automation.register_action("tag.polling_on", PollingOnAction, SIMPLE_ACTION_SCHEMA)
-@automation.register_action(
-    "tag.set_clean_mode", SetCleanModeAction, SIMPLE_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "tag.emulation_off",
+    EmulationOffAction,
+    SIMPLE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "tag.set_format_mode", SetFormatModeAction, SIMPLE_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "tag.emulation_on", EmulationOnAction, SIMPLE_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "tag.set_read_mode", SetReadModeAction, SIMPLE_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "tag.polling_off", PollingOffAction, SIMPLE_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "tag.set_write_mode", SetWriteModeAction, SIMPLE_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "tag.polling_on", PollingOnAction, SIMPLE_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "tag.set_clean_mode",
+    SetCleanModeAction,
+    SIMPLE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "tag.set_format_mode",
+    SetFormatModeAction,
+    SIMPLE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "tag.set_read_mode",
+    SetReadModeAction,
+    SIMPLE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "tag.set_write_mode",
+    SetWriteModeAction,
+    SIMPLE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def pn7160_simple_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/pulse_counter/sensor.py b/esphome/components/pulse_counter/sensor.py
index 0124463567..c09d778eda 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pulse_counter/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pulse_counter/sensor.py
@@ -155,6 +155,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             cv.Required(CONF_VALUE): cv.templatable(cv.uint32_t),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def set_total_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/pulse_meter/sensor.py b/esphome/components/pulse_meter/sensor.py
index ca026eefa4..499b7309c8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pulse_meter/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pulse_meter/sensor.py
@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             cv.Required(CONF_VALUE): cv.templatable(cv.uint32_t),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def set_total_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/pzemac/sensor.py b/esphome/components/pzemac/sensor.py
index 3af73b8695..fa1c3961d0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pzemac/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pzemac/sensor.py
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(PZEMAC),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def reset_energy_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/pzemdc/sensor.py b/esphome/components/pzemdc/sensor.py
index 383a9dbb2c..3291be4c34 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pzemdc/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/pzemdc/sensor.py
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(PZEMDC),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def reset_energy_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/remote_base/__init__.py
index 9d3e655c57..bf17ac27b8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_base/__init__.py
@@ -163,7 +163,10 @@ BASE_REMOTE_TRANSMITTER_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 def register_action(name, type_, schema):
     validator = templatize(schema).extend(BASE_REMOTE_TRANSMITTER_SCHEMA)
     registerer = automation.register_action(
-        f"remote_transmitter.transmit_{name}", type_, validator
+        f"remote_transmitter.transmit_{name}",
+        type_,
+        validator,
+        synchronous=True,
     )
 
     def decorator(func):
diff --git a/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/__init__.py b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/__init__.py
index 371dbb685f..89019e296e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/remote_transmitter/__init__.py
@@ -120,7 +120,10 @@ DIGITAL_WRITE_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "remote_transmitter.digital_write", DigitalWriteAction, DIGITAL_WRITE_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "remote_transmitter.digital_write",
+    DigitalWriteAction,
+    DIGITAL_WRITE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def digital_write_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/rf_bridge/__init__.py b/esphome/components/rf_bridge/__init__.py
index b4770726b4..934f24b789 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rf_bridge/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rf_bridge/__init__.py
@@ -114,7 +114,10 @@ RFBRIDGE_SEND_CODE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "rf_bridge.send_code", RFBridgeSendCodeAction, RFBRIDGE_SEND_CODE_SCHEMA
+    "rf_bridge.send_code",
+    RFBridgeSendCodeAction,
+    RFBRIDGE_SEND_CODE_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def rf_bridge_send_code_to_code(config, action_id, template_args, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -133,7 +136,9 @@ async def rf_bridge_send_code_to_code(config, action_id, template_args, args):
 RFBRIDGE_ID_SCHEMA = cv.Schema({cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(RFBridgeComponent)})
 
 
-@automation.register_action("rf_bridge.learn", RFBridgeLearnAction, RFBRIDGE_ID_SCHEMA)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "rf_bridge.learn", RFBridgeLearnAction, RFBRIDGE_ID_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def rf_bridge_learnx_to_code(config, action_id, template_args, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_args, paren)
@@ -143,6 +148,7 @@ async def rf_bridge_learnx_to_code(config, action_id, template_args, args):
     "rf_bridge.start_advanced_sniffing",
     RFBridgeStartAdvancedSniffingAction,
     RFBRIDGE_ID_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def rf_bridge_start_advanced_sniffing_to_code(
     config, action_id, template_args, args
@@ -155,6 +161,7 @@ async def rf_bridge_start_advanced_sniffing_to_code(
     "rf_bridge.stop_advanced_sniffing",
     RFBridgeStopAdvancedSniffingAction,
     RFBRIDGE_ID_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def rf_bridge_stop_advanced_sniffing_to_code(
     config, action_id, template_args, args
@@ -167,6 +174,7 @@ async def rf_bridge_stop_advanced_sniffing_to_code(
     "rf_bridge.start_bucket_sniffing",
     RFBridgeStartBucketSniffingAction,
     RFBRIDGE_ID_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def rf_bridge_start_bucket_sniffing_to_code(
     config, action_id, template_args, args
@@ -189,6 +197,7 @@ RFBRIDGE_SEND_ADVANCED_CODE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     "rf_bridge.send_advanced_code",
     RFBridgeSendAdvancedCodeAction,
     RFBRIDGE_SEND_ADVANCED_CODE_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def rf_bridge_send_advanced_code_to_code(config, action_id, template_args, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -211,7 +220,10 @@ RFBRIDGE_SEND_RAW_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "rf_bridge.send_raw", RFBridgeSendRawAction, RFBRIDGE_SEND_RAW_SCHEMA
+    "rf_bridge.send_raw",
+    RFBridgeSendRawAction,
+    RFBRIDGE_SEND_RAW_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def rf_bridge_send_raw_to_code(config, action_id, template_args, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -229,7 +241,9 @@ RFBRIDGE_BEEP_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-@automation.register_action("rf_bridge.beep", RFBridgeBeepAction, RFBRIDGE_BEEP_SCHEMA)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "rf_bridge.beep", RFBridgeBeepAction, RFBRIDGE_BEEP_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def rf_bridge_beep_to_code(config, action_id, template_args, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_args, paren)
diff --git a/esphome/components/rotary_encoder/sensor.py b/esphome/components/rotary_encoder/sensor.py
index 645b4a81c5..be315db55d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rotary_encoder/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rotary_encoder/sensor.py
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             cv.Required(CONF_VALUE): cv.templatable(cv.int_),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def sensor_template_publish_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040_pwm/output.py b/esphome/components/rp2040_pwm/output.py
index 441a52de7f..4ea488a6cd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040_pwm/output.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040_pwm/output.py
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             cv.Required(CONF_FREQUENCY): cv.templatable(validate_frequency),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def rp2040_set_frequency_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/rtttl/__init__.py b/esphome/components/rtttl/__init__.py
index 19412bb454..3566734200 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rtttl/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rtttl/__init__.py
@@ -117,6 +117,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         },
         key=CONF_RTTTL,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def rtttl_play_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -134,6 +135,7 @@ async def rtttl_play_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(Rtttl),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def rtttl_stop_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/rx8130/time.py b/esphome/components/rx8130/time.py
index cb0402bd32..4f6310358c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rx8130/time.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rx8130/time.py
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = time.TIME_SCHEMA.extend(
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(RX8130Component),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def rx8130_write_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ async def rx8130_write_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(RX8130Component),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def rx8130_read_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/safe_mode/__init__.py b/esphome/components/safe_mode/__init__.py
index f54151b746..e868985054 100644
--- a/esphome/components/safe_mode/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/safe_mode/__init__.py
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(SafeModeComponent),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def safe_mode_mark_successful_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/scd30/sensor.py b/esphome/components/scd30/sensor.py
index 194df8ec4f..f60e913a0c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/scd30/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/scd30/sensor.py
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         },
         key=CONF_VALUE,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def scd30_force_recalibration_with_reference_to_code(
     config, action_id, template_arg, args
diff --git a/esphome/components/scd4x/sensor.py b/esphome/components/scd4x/sensor.py
index ec90234ac3..6f14118660 100644
--- a/esphome/components/scd4x/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/scd4x/sensor.py
@@ -141,6 +141,7 @@ SCD4X_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
     "scd4x.perform_forced_calibration",
     PerformForcedCalibrationAction,
     SCD4X_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def scd4x_frc_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -158,7 +159,10 @@ SCD4X_RESET_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "scd4x.factory_reset", FactoryResetAction, SCD4X_RESET_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "scd4x.factory_reset",
+    FactoryResetAction,
+    SCD4X_RESET_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def scd4x_reset_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/script/__init__.py b/esphome/components/script/__init__.py
index 369cefad91..51cae695b7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/script/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/script/__init__.py
@@ -221,6 +221,7 @@ async def script_stop_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     "script.wait",
     ScriptWaitAction,
     maybe_simple_id({cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(Script)}),
+    synchronous=False,
 )
 async def script_wait_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     full_id, paren = await cg.get_variable_with_full_id(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/sen5x/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sen5x/sensor.py
index 538a2f5239..9fe51121f1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sen5x/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sen5x/sensor.py
@@ -267,7 +267,10 @@ SEN5X_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "sen5x.start_fan_autoclean", StartFanAction, SEN5X_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "sen5x.start_fan_autoclean",
+    StartFanAction,
+    SEN5X_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def sen54_fan_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/senseair/sensor.py b/esphome/components/senseair/sensor.py
index 2eb2617e30..c5bef76741 100644
--- a/esphome/components/senseair/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/senseair/sensor.py
@@ -73,20 +73,31 @@ CALIBRATION_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
     "senseair.background_calibration",
     SenseAirBackgroundCalibrationAction,
     CALIBRATION_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
     "senseair.background_calibration_result",
     SenseAirBackgroundCalibrationResultAction,
     CALIBRATION_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "senseair.abc_enable", SenseAirABCEnableAction, CALIBRATION_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "senseair.abc_enable",
+    SenseAirABCEnableAction,
+    CALIBRATION_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "senseair.abc_disable", SenseAirABCDisableAction, CALIBRATION_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "senseair.abc_disable",
+    SenseAirABCDisableAction,
+    CALIBRATION_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "senseair.abc_get_period", SenseAirABCGetPeriodAction, CALIBRATION_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "senseair.abc_get_period",
+    SenseAirABCGetPeriodAction,
+    CALIBRATION_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def senseair_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/servo/__init__.py b/esphome/components/servo/__init__.py
index 2fee2840a5..a23bb53536 100644
--- a/esphome/components/servo/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/servo/__init__.py
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             cv.Required(CONF_LEVEL): cv.templatable(cv.possibly_negative_percentage),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def servo_write_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -79,6 +80,7 @@ async def servo_write_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(Servo),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def servo_detach_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/sim800l/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sim800l/__init__.py
index c48a3c63c4..ebb74302a9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sim800l/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sim800l/__init__.py
@@ -135,7 +135,10 @@ SIM800L_SEND_SMS_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "sim800l.send_sms", Sim800LSendSmsAction, SIM800L_SEND_SMS_SCHEMA
+    "sim800l.send_sms",
+    Sim800LSendSmsAction,
+    SIM800L_SEND_SMS_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def sim800l_send_sms_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -155,7 +158,9 @@ SIM800L_DIAL_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-@automation.register_action("sim800l.dial", Sim800LDialAction, SIM800L_DIAL_SCHEMA)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "sim800l.dial", Sim800LDialAction, SIM800L_DIAL_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def sim800l_dial_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
@@ -168,6 +173,7 @@ async def sim800l_dial_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     "sim800l.connect",
     Sim800LConnectAction,
     cv.Schema({cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(Sim800LComponent)}),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def sim800l_connect_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -183,7 +189,10 @@ SIM800L_SEND_USSD_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "sim800l.send_ussd", Sim800LSendUssdAction, SIM800L_SEND_USSD_SCHEMA
+    "sim800l.send_ussd",
+    Sim800LSendUssdAction,
+    SIM800L_SEND_USSD_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def sim800l_send_ussd_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -197,6 +206,7 @@ async def sim800l_send_ussd_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     "sim800l.disconnect",
     Sim800LDisconnectAction,
     cv.Schema({cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(Sim800LComponent)}),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def sim800l_disconnect_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/sound_level/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sound_level/sensor.py
index 8ca0feccc0..44f31979b4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sound_level/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sound_level/sensor.py
@@ -89,8 +89,12 @@ SOUND_LEVEL_ACTION_SCHEMA = automation.maybe_simple_id(
 )
 
 
-@automation.register_action("sound_level.start", StartAction, SOUND_LEVEL_ACTION_SCHEMA)
-@automation.register_action("sound_level.stop", StopAction, SOUND_LEVEL_ACTION_SCHEMA)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "sound_level.start", StartAction, SOUND_LEVEL_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "sound_level.stop", StopAction, SOUND_LEVEL_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def sound_level_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/speaker/__init__.py b/esphome/components/speaker/__init__.py
index 10ee6d5212..8480eebcdb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/speaker/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/speaker/__init__.py
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ async def speaker_action(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
         },
         key=CONF_DATA,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def speaker_play_action(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -95,12 +96,12 @@ async def speaker_play_action(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     return var
 
 
-automation.register_action("speaker.stop", StopAction, SPEAKER_AUTOMATION_SCHEMA)(
-    speaker_action
-)
-automation.register_action("speaker.finish", FinishAction, SPEAKER_AUTOMATION_SCHEMA)(
-    speaker_action
-)
+automation.register_action(
+    "speaker.stop", StopAction, SPEAKER_AUTOMATION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)(speaker_action)
+automation.register_action(
+    "speaker.finish", FinishAction, SPEAKER_AUTOMATION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)(speaker_action)
 
 automation.register_condition(
     "speaker.is_playing", IsPlayingCondition, SPEAKER_AUTOMATION_SCHEMA
@@ -121,6 +122,7 @@ automation.register_condition(
         },
         key=CONF_VOLUME,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def speaker_volume_set_action(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -131,9 +133,14 @@ async def speaker_volume_set_action(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "speaker.mute_off", MuteOffAction, SPEAKER_AUTOMATION_SCHEMA
+    "speaker.mute_off",
+    MuteOffAction,
+    SPEAKER_AUTOMATION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "speaker.mute_on", MuteOnAction, SPEAKER_AUTOMATION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
 )
-@automation.register_action("speaker.mute_on", MuteOnAction, SPEAKER_AUTOMATION_SCHEMA)
 async def speaker_mute_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
diff --git a/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/__init__.py b/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/__init__.py
index 42ca762858..92a178fe95 100644
--- a/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/__init__.py
@@ -505,6 +505,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         },
         key=CONF_MEDIA_FILE,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def play_on_device_media_media_action(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sprinkler/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sprinkler/__init__.py
index 50c69f9496..6e2ff4ee2e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sprinkler/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sprinkler/__init__.py
@@ -422,6 +422,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     "sprinkler.set_divider",
     SetDividerAction,
     SPRINKLER_ACTION_SET_DIVIDER_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def sprinkler_set_divider_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -435,6 +436,7 @@ async def sprinkler_set_divider_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     "sprinkler.set_multiplier",
     SetMultiplierAction,
     SPRINKLER_ACTION_SET_MULTIPLIER_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def sprinkler_set_multiplier_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -448,6 +450,7 @@ async def sprinkler_set_multiplier_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args
     "sprinkler.queue_valve",
     QueueValveAction,
     SPRINKLER_ACTION_QUEUE_VALVE_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def sprinkler_set_queued_valve_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -463,6 +466,7 @@ async def sprinkler_set_queued_valve_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, ar
     "sprinkler.set_repeat",
     SetRepeatAction,
     SPRINKLER_ACTION_REPEAT_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def sprinkler_set_repeat_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -476,6 +480,7 @@ async def sprinkler_set_repeat_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     "sprinkler.set_valve_run_duration",
     SetRunDurationAction,
     SPRINKLER_ACTION_SET_RUN_DURATION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def sprinkler_set_valve_run_duration_to_code(
     config, action_id, template_arg, args
@@ -490,7 +495,10 @@ async def sprinkler_set_valve_run_duration_to_code(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "sprinkler.start_from_queue", StartFromQueueAction, SPRINKLER_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "sprinkler.start_from_queue",
+    StartFromQueueAction,
+    SPRINKLER_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def sprinkler_start_from_queue_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -498,7 +506,10 @@ async def sprinkler_start_from_queue_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, ar
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "sprinkler.start_full_cycle", StartFullCycleAction, SPRINKLER_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "sprinkler.start_full_cycle",
+    StartFullCycleAction,
+    SPRINKLER_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def sprinkler_start_full_cycle_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -509,6 +520,7 @@ async def sprinkler_start_full_cycle_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, ar
     "sprinkler.start_single_valve",
     StartSingleValveAction,
     SPRINKLER_ACTION_SINGLE_VALVE_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def sprinkler_start_single_valve_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -522,21 +534,40 @@ async def sprinkler_start_single_valve_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg,
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "sprinkler.clear_queued_valves", ClearQueuedValvesAction, SPRINKLER_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "sprinkler.clear_queued_valves",
+    ClearQueuedValvesAction,
+    SPRINKLER_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "sprinkler.next_valve", NextValveAction, SPRINKLER_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "sprinkler.next_valve",
+    NextValveAction,
+    SPRINKLER_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "sprinkler.previous_valve", PreviousValveAction, SPRINKLER_ACTION_SCHEMA
-)
-@automation.register_action("sprinkler.pause", PauseAction, SPRINKLER_ACTION_SCHEMA)
-@automation.register_action("sprinkler.resume", ResumeAction, SPRINKLER_ACTION_SCHEMA)
-@automation.register_action(
-    "sprinkler.resume_or_start_full_cycle", ResumeOrStartAction, SPRINKLER_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "sprinkler.previous_valve",
+    PreviousValveAction,
+    SPRINKLER_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "sprinkler.shutdown", ShutdownAction, SPRINKLER_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "sprinkler.pause", PauseAction, SPRINKLER_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "sprinkler.resume", ResumeAction, SPRINKLER_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "sprinkler.resume_or_start_full_cycle",
+    ResumeOrStartAction,
+    SPRINKLER_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "sprinkler.shutdown",
+    ShutdownAction,
+    SPRINKLER_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def sprinkler_simple_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/sps30/sensor.py b/esphome/components/sps30/sensor.py
index 3c967fc01b..40557f2cbd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sps30/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sps30/sensor.py
@@ -180,13 +180,22 @@ SPS30_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "sps30.start_fan_autoclean", StartFanAction, SPS30_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "sps30.start_fan_autoclean",
+    StartFanAction,
+    SPS30_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "sps30.start_measurement", StartMeasurementAction, SPS30_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "sps30.start_measurement",
+    StartMeasurementAction,
+    SPS30_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "sps30.stop_measurement", StopMeasurementAction, SPS30_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "sps30.stop_measurement",
+    StopMeasurementAction,
+    SPS30_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def sps30_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/stepper/__init__.py b/esphome/components/stepper/__init__.py
index 62bc71f2d1..27d4fc276d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/stepper/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/stepper/__init__.py
@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@ async def register_stepper(var, config):
             cv.Required(CONF_TARGET): cv.templatable(cv.int_),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def stepper_set_target_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -115,6 +116,7 @@ async def stepper_set_target_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.Required(CONF_POSITION): cv.templatable(cv.int_),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def stepper_report_position_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -133,6 +135,7 @@ async def stepper_report_position_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args)
             cv.Required(CONF_SPEED): cv.templatable(validate_speed),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def stepper_set_speed_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -151,6 +154,7 @@ async def stepper_set_speed_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.Required(CONF_ACCELERATION): cv.templatable(validate_acceleration),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def stepper_set_acceleration_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -169,6 +173,7 @@ async def stepper_set_acceleration_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args
             cv.Required(CONF_DECELERATION): cv.templatable(validate_acceleration),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def stepper_set_deceleration_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/sx126x/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sx126x/__init__.py
index 413eb139d6..08f4c0fb88 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sx126x/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sx126x/__init__.py
@@ -290,19 +290,34 @@ NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA = automation.maybe_simple_id(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "sx126x.run_image_cal", RunImageCalAction, NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "sx126x.run_image_cal",
+    RunImageCalAction,
+    NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "sx126x.set_mode_tx", SetModeTxAction, NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "sx126x.set_mode_tx",
+    SetModeTxAction,
+    NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "sx126x.set_mode_rx", SetModeRxAction, NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "sx126x.set_mode_rx",
+    SetModeRxAction,
+    NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "sx126x.set_mode_sleep", SetModeSleepAction, NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "sx126x.set_mode_sleep",
+    SetModeSleepAction,
+    NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "sx126x.set_mode_standby", SetModeStandbyAction, NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "sx126x.set_mode_standby",
+    SetModeStandbyAction,
+    NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def no_args_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -320,7 +335,10 @@ SEND_PACKET_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "sx126x.send_packet", SendPacketAction, SEND_PACKET_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "sx126x.send_packet",
+    SendPacketAction,
+    SEND_PACKET_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def send_packet_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sx127x/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sx127x/__init__.py
index f3a9cca93f..7f554fbf84 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sx127x/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sx127x/__init__.py
@@ -283,19 +283,34 @@ NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA = automation.maybe_simple_id(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "sx127x.run_image_cal", RunImageCalAction, NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "sx127x.run_image_cal",
+    RunImageCalAction,
+    NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "sx127x.set_mode_tx", SetModeTxAction, NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "sx127x.set_mode_tx",
+    SetModeTxAction,
+    NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "sx127x.set_mode_rx", SetModeRxAction, NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "sx127x.set_mode_rx",
+    SetModeRxAction,
+    NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "sx127x.set_mode_sleep", SetModeSleepAction, NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "sx127x.set_mode_sleep",
+    SetModeSleepAction,
+    NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "sx127x.set_mode_standby", SetModeStandbyAction, NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "sx127x.set_mode_standby",
+    SetModeStandbyAction,
+    NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def no_args_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -313,7 +328,10 @@ SEND_PACKET_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "sx127x.send_packet", SendPacketAction, SEND_PACKET_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "sx127x.send_packet",
+    SendPacketAction,
+    SEND_PACKET_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def send_packet_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/template/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/template/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 9d4208dcca..e537e1f97c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/template/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/template/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             cv.Required(CONF_STATE): cv.templatable(cv.boolean),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def binary_sensor_template_publish_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/template/cover/__init__.py b/esphome/components/template/cover/__init__.py
index a4fb0b7021..cfc19c00cd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/template/cover/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/template/cover/__init__.py
@@ -125,6 +125,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             cv.Optional(CONF_TILT): cv.templatable(cv.zero_to_one_float),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def cover_template_publish_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/template/lock/__init__.py b/esphome/components/template/lock/__init__.py
index 4c74a521fa..d8bd9d16c6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/template/lock/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/template/lock/__init__.py
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         },
         key=CONF_STATE,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def lock_template_publish_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/template/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/template/sensor/__init__.py
index 2c325427e9..b0f48ade46 100644
--- a/esphome/components/template/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/template/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             cv.Required(CONF_STATE): cv.templatable(cv.float_),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def sensor_template_publish_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/template/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/template/switch/__init__.py
index 8ae5a07dc3..eb6f0f46de 100644
--- a/esphome/components/template/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/template/switch/__init__.py
@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             cv.Required(CONF_STATE): cv.templatable(cv.boolean),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def switch_template_publish_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/template/text_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/template/text_sensor/__init__.py
index 550b27356d..ddbdd6dadb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/template/text_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/template/text_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             cv.Required(CONF_STATE): cv.templatable(cv.string_strict),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def text_sensor_template_publish_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/template/valve/__init__.py b/esphome/components/template/valve/__init__.py
index 526751564d..3e8fd81603 100644
--- a/esphome/components/template/valve/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/template/valve/__init__.py
@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             ),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def valve_template_publish_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/template/water_heater/__init__.py b/esphome/components/template/water_heater/__init__.py
index cb5f2dbe56..814aa40193 100644
--- a/esphome/components/template/water_heater/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/template/water_heater/__init__.py
@@ -134,6 +134,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
             cv.Optional(CONF_IS_ON): cv.templatable(cv.boolean),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def water_heater_template_publish_to_code(
     config: ConfigType,
diff --git a/esphome/components/tm1651/__init__.py b/esphome/components/tm1651/__init__.py
index 49796d9b42..fb35eb21b5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tm1651/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/tm1651/__init__.py
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ BINARY_OUTPUT_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
         },
         key=CONF_BRIGHTNESS,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def tm1651_set_brightness_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -92,6 +93,7 @@ async def tm1651_set_brightness_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
         },
         key=CONF_LEVEL,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def tm1651_set_level_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -111,6 +113,7 @@ async def tm1651_set_level_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
         },
         key=CONF_LEVEL_PERCENT,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def tm1651_set_level_percent_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -121,7 +124,10 @@ async def tm1651_set_level_percent_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "tm1651.turn_off", TurnOffAction, BINARY_OUTPUT_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "tm1651.turn_off",
+    TurnOffAction,
+    BINARY_OUTPUT_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def output_turn_off_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -129,7 +135,9 @@ async def output_turn_off_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     return var
 
 
-@automation.register_action("tm1651.turn_on", TurnOnAction, BINARY_OUTPUT_ACTION_SCHEMA)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "tm1651.turn_on", TurnOnAction, BINARY_OUTPUT_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def output_turn_on_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/__init__.py b/esphome/components/uart/__init__.py
index 2cb6eac050..83649cc209 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/__init__.py
@@ -500,6 +500,7 @@ async def register_uart_device(var, config):
         },
         key=CONF_DATA,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def uart_write_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/udp/__init__.py b/esphome/components/udp/__init__.py
index 37dd871a6c..17bbf19c9e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/udp/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/udp/__init__.py
@@ -171,6 +171,7 @@ def validate_raw_data(value):
         },
         key=CONF_DATA,
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def udp_write_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/ufire_ec/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ufire_ec/sensor.py
index 9edf0f89ff..10b4ece614 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ufire_ec/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ufire_ec/sensor.py
@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@ UFIRE_EC_CALIBRATE_PROBE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     "ufire_ec.calibrate_probe",
     UFireECCalibrateProbeAction,
     UFIRE_EC_CALIBRATE_PROBE_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def ufire_ec_calibrate_probe_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -119,6 +120,7 @@ UFIRE_EC_RESET_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     "ufire_ec.reset",
     UFireECResetAction,
     UFIRE_EC_RESET_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def ufire_ec_reset_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/ufire_ise/sensor.py b/esphome/components/ufire_ise/sensor.py
index 8009cdaa6a..a116012d05 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ufire_ise/sensor.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ufire_ise/sensor.py
@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ UFIRE_ISE_CALIBRATE_PROBE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     "ufire_ise.calibrate_probe_low",
     UFireISECalibrateProbeLowAction,
     UFIRE_ISE_CALIBRATE_PROBE_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def ufire_ise_calibrate_probe_low_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -104,6 +105,7 @@ async def ufire_ise_calibrate_probe_low_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg,
     "ufire_ise.calibrate_probe_high",
     UFireISECalibrateProbeHighAction,
     UFIRE_ISE_CALIBRATE_PROBE_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def ufire_ise_calibrate_probe_high_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -120,6 +122,7 @@ UFIRE_ISE_RESET_SCHEMA = cv.Schema({cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(UFireISEComponent
     "ufire_ise.reset",
     UFireISEResetAction,
     UFIRE_ISE_RESET_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def ufire_ise_reset_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/update/__init__.py b/esphome/components/update/__init__.py
index c36a4ab769..db6c1445e3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/update/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/update/__init__.py
@@ -138,6 +138,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             cv.Optional(CONF_FORCE_UPDATE, default=False): cv.templatable(cv.boolean),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def update_perform_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -156,6 +157,7 @@ async def update_perform_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(UpdateEntity),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def update_check_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/valve/__init__.py b/esphome/components/valve/__init__.py
index 22cd01988d..0319ff50e7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/valve/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/valve/__init__.py
@@ -180,25 +180,33 @@ VALVE_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
 )
 
 
-@automation.register_action("valve.open", OpenAction, VALVE_ACTION_SCHEMA)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "valve.open", OpenAction, VALVE_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def valve_open_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
 
-@automation.register_action("valve.close", CloseAction, VALVE_ACTION_SCHEMA)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "valve.close", CloseAction, VALVE_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def valve_close_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
 
-@automation.register_action("valve.stop", StopAction, VALVE_ACTION_SCHEMA)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "valve.stop", StopAction, VALVE_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def valve_stop_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
 
 
-@automation.register_action("valve.toggle", ToggleAction, VALVE_ACTION_SCHEMA)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "valve.toggle", ToggleAction, VALVE_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def valve_toggle_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
@@ -214,7 +222,9 @@ VALVE_CONTROL_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-@automation.register_action("valve.control", ControlAction, VALVE_CONTROL_ACTION_SCHEMA)
+@automation.register_action(
+    "valve.control", ControlAction, VALVE_CONTROL_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def valve_control_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
diff --git a/esphome/components/voice_assistant/__init__.py b/esphome/components/voice_assistant/__init__.py
index 8b7dcb4f21..d970df2a44 100644
--- a/esphome/components/voice_assistant/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/voice_assistant/__init__.py
@@ -393,6 +393,7 @@ VOICE_ASSISTANT_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema({cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(VoiceAssis
     "voice_assistant.start_continuous",
     StartContinuousAction,
     VOICE_ASSISTANT_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 @register_action(
     "voice_assistant.start",
@@ -403,6 +404,7 @@ VOICE_ASSISTANT_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema({cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(VoiceAssis
             cv.Optional(CONF_WAKE_WORD): cv.templatable(cv.string),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def voice_assistant_listen_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -415,7 +417,9 @@ async def voice_assistant_listen_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     return var
 
 
-@register_action("voice_assistant.stop", StopAction, VOICE_ASSISTANT_ACTION_SCHEMA)
+@register_action(
+    "voice_assistant.stop", StopAction, VOICE_ASSISTANT_ACTION_SCHEMA, synchronous=True
+)
 async def voice_assistant_stop_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
     await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py b/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
index 0f86ec059e..2808d31311 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
@@ -670,12 +670,16 @@ async def wifi_ap_active_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
     return cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg)
 
 
-@automation.register_action("wifi.enable", WiFiEnableAction, cv.Schema({}))
+@automation.register_action(
+    "wifi.enable", WiFiEnableAction, cv.Schema({}), synchronous=True
+)
 async def wifi_enable_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
 
 
-@automation.register_action("wifi.disable", WiFiDisableAction, cv.Schema({}))
+@automation.register_action(
+    "wifi.disable", WiFiDisableAction, cv.Schema({}), synchronous=True
+)
 async def wifi_disable_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
 
@@ -781,6 +785,7 @@ async def final_step():
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_ERROR): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
         }
     ),
+    synchronous=False,
 )
 async def wifi_set_sta_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/wireguard/__init__.py b/esphome/components/wireguard/__init__.py
index 124d9a8c32..e2ea61a542 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wireguard/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wireguard/__init__.py
@@ -168,6 +168,7 @@ async def wireguard_enabled_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
     "wireguard.enable",
     WireguardEnableAction,
     cv.Schema({cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(Wireguard)}),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def wireguard_enable_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
@@ -179,6 +180,7 @@ async def wireguard_enable_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     "wireguard.disable",
     WireguardDisableAction,
     cv.Schema({cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(Wireguard)}),
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def wireguard_disable_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
diff --git a/esphome/components/zigbee/__init__.py b/esphome/components/zigbee/__init__.py
index a327cc2988..280ff6b50c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zigbee/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/zigbee/__init__.py
@@ -195,6 +195,7 @@ FactoryResetAction = zigbee_ns.class_(
     "zigbee.factory_reset",
     FactoryResetAction,
     ZIGBEE_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
 )
 async def reset_zigbee_to_code(
     config: ConfigType,

From 4d2ef09a296c4fd3e1b5e723024770ab8b8c3339 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Tue, 10 Mar 2026 09:12:10 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 514/609] [log] Detect early log calls before logger init and
 optimize hot path (#14538)

---
 esphome/components/logger/__init__.py         |  5 +-
 esphome/core/application.h                    |  2 +
 esphome/core/log.cpp                          | 60 +++++++++++++------
 esphome/core/log.h                            | 12 +++-
 script/cpp_unit_test.py                       |  1 +
 tests/component_tests/logger/__init__.py      |  0
 tests/component_tests/logger/test_logger.py   | 50 ++++++++++++++++
 tests/component_tests/logger/test_logger.yaml | 14 +++++
 tests/components/main.cpp                     |  8 +++
 tests/integration/conftest.py                 |  1 +
 10 files changed, 134 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/component_tests/logger/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 tests/component_tests/logger/test_logger.py
 create mode 100644 tests/component_tests/logger/test_logger.yaml

diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py b/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
index 83a7854165..e370f4215d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
@@ -337,6 +337,10 @@ async def to_code(config):
     )
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         cg.add(log.create_pthread_key())
+    # pre_setup() must be called before init_log_buffer() because
+    # init_log_buffer() calls disable_loop() which may log at VV level,
+    # and global_logger must be set before any logging occurs.
+    cg.add(log.pre_setup())
     if CORE.is_esp32 or CORE.is_libretiny or CORE.is_nrf52:
         task_log_buffer_size = config[CONF_TASK_LOG_BUFFER_SIZE]
         if task_log_buffer_size > 0:
@@ -356,7 +360,6 @@ async def to_code(config):
                 HARDWARE_UART_TO_UART_SELECTION[config[CONF_HARDWARE_UART]]
             )
         )
-    cg.add(log.pre_setup())
 
     # Enable runtime tag levels if logs are configured or explicitly enabled
     logs_config = config[CONF_LOGS]
diff --git a/esphome/core/application.h b/esphome/core/application.h
index f357c6b1a3..23bb209eaf 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.h
+++ b/esphome/core/application.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ static constexpr uint32_t TEARDOWN_TIMEOUT_REBOOT_MS = 1000;  // 1 second for qu
 class Application {
  public:
 #ifdef ESPHOME_NAME_ADD_MAC_SUFFIX
+  // Called before Logger::pre_setup() — must not log (global_logger is not yet set).
   /// Pre-setup with MAC suffix: overwrites placeholder in mutable static buffers with actual MAC.
   void pre_setup(char *name, size_t name_len, char *friendly_name, size_t friendly_name_len) {
     arch_init();
@@ -163,6 +164,7 @@ class Application {
     this->friendly_name_ = StringRef(friendly_name, friendly_name_len);
   }
 #else
+  // Called before Logger::pre_setup() — must not log (global_logger is not yet set).
   /// Pre-setup without MAC suffix: StringRef points directly at const string literals in flash.
   void pre_setup(const char *name, size_t name_len, const char *friendly_name, size_t friendly_name_len) {
     arch_init();
diff --git a/esphome/core/log.cpp b/esphome/core/log.cpp
index 8338efbb33..0da457adec 100644
--- a/esphome/core/log.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/log.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "log.h"
 #include "defines.h"
 #include "helpers.h"
+#include <cstdio>
 
 #ifdef USE_LOGGER
 #include "esphome/components/logger/logger.h"
@@ -8,40 +9,63 @@
 
 namespace esphome {
 
+#ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG
+static void early_log_printf_(const char *tag, int line, const char *format, va_list args) {
+  fprintf(stderr, "LOG BEFORE LOGGER INIT [%s:%d]: ", tag, line);
+  vfprintf(stderr, format, args);
+  fputc('\n', stderr);
+  assert(false && "log called before Logger::pre_setup()");  // NOLINT
+}
+#endif
+
 void HOT esp_log_printf_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const char *format, ...) {  // NOLINT
+#ifdef USE_LOGGER
+#ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG
+  if (logger::global_logger == nullptr) {
+    va_list arg;
+    va_start(arg, format);
+    early_log_printf_(tag, line, format, arg);
+    va_end(arg);
+    return;
+  }
+#endif
   va_list arg;
   va_start(arg, format);
-  esp_log_vprintf_(level, tag, line, format, arg);
+  logger::global_logger->log_vprintf_(static_cast<uint8_t>(level), tag, line, format, arg);
   va_end(arg);
+#endif
 }
+
 #ifdef USE_STORE_LOG_STR_IN_FLASH
 void HOT esp_log_printf_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const __FlashStringHelper *format, ...) {
+#ifdef USE_LOGGER
+  ESPHOME_DEBUG_ASSERT(logger::global_logger != nullptr);
   va_list arg;
   va_start(arg, format);
-  esp_log_vprintf_(level, tag, line, format, arg);
+  logger::global_logger->log_vprintf_(static_cast<uint8_t>(level), tag, line, format, arg);
   va_end(arg);
+#endif
 }
 #endif
 
 void HOT esp_log_vprintf_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const char *format, va_list args) {  // NOLINT
 #ifdef USE_LOGGER
-  auto *log = logger::global_logger;
-  if (log == nullptr)
+#ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG
+  if (logger::global_logger == nullptr) {
+    early_log_printf_(tag, line, format, args);
     return;
-
-  log->log_vprintf_(static_cast<uint8_t>(level), tag, line, format, args);
+  }
+#endif
+  logger::global_logger->log_vprintf_(static_cast<uint8_t>(level), tag, line, format, args);
 #endif
 }
 
 #ifdef USE_STORE_LOG_STR_IN_FLASH
-void HOT esp_log_vprintf_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const __FlashStringHelper *format,
-                          va_list args) {  // NOLINT
+// Remove before 2026.9.0
+void HOT esp_log_vprintf_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const __FlashStringHelper *format, va_list args) {
 #ifdef USE_LOGGER
-  auto *log = logger::global_logger;
-  if (log == nullptr)
-    return;
-
-  log->log_vprintf_(static_cast<uint8_t>(level), tag, line, format, args);
+  ESPHOME_DEBUG_ASSERT(logger::global_logger != nullptr);
+  logger::global_logger->log_vprintf_(static_cast<uint8_t>(level), tag, line, format, args);
 #endif
 }
 #endif
@@ -49,11 +73,13 @@ void HOT esp_log_vprintf_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const __FlashStr
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 int HOT esp_idf_log_vprintf_(const char *format, va_list args) {  // NOLINT
 #ifdef USE_LOGGER
-  auto *log = logger::global_logger;
-  if (log == nullptr)
+#ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG
+  if (logger::global_logger == nullptr) {
+    early_log_printf_("esp-idf", 0, format, args);
     return 0;
-
-  log->log_vprintf_(ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL, "esp-idf", 0, format, args);
+  }
+#endif
+  logger::global_logger->log_vprintf_(ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL, "esp-idf", 0, format, args);
 #endif
   return 0;
 }
diff --git a/esphome/core/log.h b/esphome/core/log.h
index a2c4b35c6e..ff39633142 100644
--- a/esphome/core/log.h
+++ b/esphome/core/log.h
@@ -4,6 +4,14 @@
 
 #include <cassert>
 #include <cstdarg>
+
+// Debug assert that only fires when ESPHOME_DEBUG is defined (e.g. in CI/test builds).
+// Zero cost in production firmware.
+#ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG
+#define ESPHOME_DEBUG_ASSERT(expr) assert(expr)  // NOLINT
+#else
+#define ESPHOME_DEBUG_ASSERT(expr) ((void) 0)
+#endif
 // for PRIu32 and friends
 #include <cinttypes>
 #include <string>
@@ -61,7 +69,9 @@ void esp_log_printf_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const __FlashStringHe
 #endif
 void esp_log_vprintf_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const char *format, va_list args);  // NOLINT
 #ifdef USE_STORE_LOG_STR_IN_FLASH
-void esp_log_vprintf_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const __FlashStringHelper *format, va_list args);
+// Remove before 2026.9.0
+__attribute__((deprecated("Use esp_log_printf_() instead. Removed in 2026.9.0."))) void esp_log_vprintf_(
+    int level, const char *tag, int line, const __FlashStringHelper *format, va_list args);
 #endif
 #if defined(USE_ESP32)
 int esp_idf_log_vprintf_(const char *format, va_list args);  // NOLINT
diff --git a/script/cpp_unit_test.py b/script/cpp_unit_test.py
index e11687dc16..c917458472 100755
--- a/script/cpp_unit_test.py
+++ b/script/cpp_unit_test.py
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ def create_test_config(config_name: str, includes: list[str]) -> dict:
                 "build_flags": [
                     "-Og",  # optimize for debug
                     "-DUSE_TIME_TIMEZONE",  # enable timezone code paths for testing
+                    "-DESPHOME_DEBUG",  # enable debug assertions
                 ],
                 "debug_build_flags": [  # only for debug builds
                     "-g3",  # max debug info
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/logger/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/logger/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/logger/test_logger.py b/tests/component_tests/logger/test_logger.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..98aa741964
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/logger/test_logger.py
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+"""Tests for the logger component."""
+
+import re
+
+
+def test_logger_pre_setup_before_other_components(generate_main):
+    """Logger::pre_setup() must be called before any other component is created.
+
+    Log functions call global_logger->log_vprintf_() without a null check,
+    so global_logger must be set before anything can log.
+    """
+    main_cpp = generate_main("tests/component_tests/logger/test_logger.yaml")
+
+    # Find the logger's pre_setup() call specifically
+    logger_pre_setup = re.search(r"logger_logger->pre_setup\(\)", main_cpp)
+    if logger_pre_setup is None:
+        # Fall back to finding any logger-related pre_setup
+        logger_pre_setup = re.search(r"logger\w*->pre_setup\(\)", main_cpp)
+    assert logger_pre_setup is not None, (
+        "Logger pre_setup() not found in generated code"
+    )
+
+    # Find all "new " allocations (component creation)
+    new_allocations = list(re.finditer(r"\bnew [\w:]+", main_cpp))
+    assert len(new_allocations) > 0, "No component allocations found"
+
+    # Separate logger and non-logger allocations
+    logger_allocs = [a for a in new_allocations if "logger" in a.group().lower()]
+    non_logger_allocs = [
+        a
+        for a in new_allocations
+        if "logger" not in a.group().lower()
+        # Skip placement new for App
+        and "(&App)" not in main_cpp[max(0, a.start() - 5) : a.start()]
+    ]
+
+    assert len(logger_allocs) > 0, (
+        f"Logger allocation not found in: {[a.group() for a in new_allocations]}"
+    )
+    assert len(non_logger_allocs) > 0, (
+        "No non-logger component allocations found — "
+        "add a component to test_logger.yaml so the ordering check is meaningful"
+    )
+
+    # All non-logger allocations must appear after logger pre_setup()
+    for alloc in non_logger_allocs:
+        assert alloc.start() > logger_pre_setup.start(), (
+            f"Component allocation '{alloc.group()}' at position {alloc.start()} "
+            f"appears before logger pre_setup() at position {logger_pre_setup.start()}"
+        )
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/logger/test_logger.yaml b/tests/component_tests/logger/test_logger.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f43e99d94f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/logger/test_logger.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp8266:
+  board: d1_mini_lite
+
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
+
+# Need at least one non-logger component so the ordering test
+# can verify that logger pre_setup() comes before other allocations.
+preferences:
+  flash_write_interval: 1min
diff --git a/tests/components/main.cpp b/tests/components/main.cpp
index 928f0e6059..373fde7151 100644
--- a/tests/components/main.cpp
+++ b/tests/components/main.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
+#include "esphome/components/logger/logger.h"
+
 /*
 This special main.cpp replaces the default one.
 It will run all the Google Tests found in all compiled cpp files and then exit with the result
@@ -18,6 +20,12 @@ void original_setup() {
 }
 
 void setup() {
+  // Log functions call global_logger->log_vprintf_() without a null check,
+  // so we must set up a Logger before any test that triggers logging.
+  static esphome::logger::Logger test_logger(0);
+  test_logger.set_log_level(ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL);
+  test_logger.pre_setup();
+
   ::testing::InitGoogleTest();
   int exit_code = RUN_ALL_TESTS();
   exit(exit_code);
diff --git a/tests/integration/conftest.py b/tests/integration/conftest.py
index b7f7fc60b3..b652b4174c 100644
--- a/tests/integration/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/integration/conftest.py
@@ -193,6 +193,7 @@ async def yaml_config(request: pytest.FixtureRequest, unused_tcp_port: int) -> s
             "  platformio_options:\n"
             "    build_flags:\n"
             '      - "-DDEBUG"  # Enable assert() statements\n'
+            '      - "-DESPHOME_DEBUG"  # Enable ESPHOME_DEBUG_ASSERT checks\n'
             '      - "-DESPHOME_DEBUG_API"  # Enable API protocol asserts\n'
             '      - "-g"       # Add debug symbols',
         )

From 9404eadaf8fe50fab155bae12252adad31530336 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Tue, 10 Mar 2026 09:12:28 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 515/609] [rp2040_ble] Add BLE component for RP2040/RP2350
 (#14603)

---
 CODEOWNERS                                    |   1 +
 esphome/components/rp2040_ble/__init__.py     |  31 +++++
 esphome/components/rp2040_ble/rp2040_ble.cpp  | 124 ++++++++++++++++++
 esphome/components/rp2040_ble/rp2040_ble.h    |  51 +++++++
 esphome/core/defines.h                        |   1 +
 tests/components/rp2040_ble/common.yaml       |   1 +
 .../test-disable-on-boot.rp2040-ard.yaml      |   2 +
 .../rp2040_ble/test.rp2040-ard.yaml           |   1 +
 8 files changed, 212 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/rp2040_ble/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/rp2040_ble/rp2040_ble.cpp
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/rp2040_ble/rp2040_ble.h
 create mode 100644 tests/components/rp2040_ble/common.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/components/rp2040_ble/test-disable-on-boot.rp2040-ard.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/components/rp2040_ble/test.rp2040-ard.yaml

diff --git a/CODEOWNERS b/CODEOWNERS
index cb415bb625..a95e100cbf 100644
--- a/CODEOWNERS
+++ b/CODEOWNERS
@@ -410,6 +410,7 @@ esphome/components/restart/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/rf_bridge/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/rgbct/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/rp2040/* @jesserockz
+esphome/components/rp2040_ble/* @bdraco
 esphome/components/rp2040_pio_led_strip/* @Papa-DMan
 esphome/components/rp2040_pwm/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/rpi_dpi_rgb/* @clydebarrow
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/__init__.py b/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..648f22691c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_ENABLE_ON_BOOT, CONF_ID
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["rp2040"]
+CODEOWNERS = ["@bdraco"]
+
+rp2040_ble_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("rp2040_ble")
+RP2040BLE = rp2040_ble_ns.class_("RP2040BLE", cg.Component)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(RP2040BLE),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ENABLE_ON_BOOT, default=True): cv.boolean,
+    }
+).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+
+    cg.add(var.set_enable_on_boot(config[CONF_ENABLE_ON_BOOT]))
+
+    # Enable Bluetooth in the arduino-pico build
+    # This switches linking from liblwip.a to liblwip-bt.a and defines
+    # ENABLE_CLASSIC, ENABLE_BLE, CYW43_ENABLE_BLUETOOTH
+    cg.add_build_flag("-DPIO_FRAMEWORK_ARDUINO_ENABLE_BLUETOOTH")
+
+    cg.add_define("USE_RP2040_BLE")
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/rp2040_ble.cpp b/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/rp2040_ble.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4125da7ec0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/rp2040_ble.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+#include "rp2040_ble.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_RP2040_BLE
+
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::rp2040_ble {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "rp2040_ble";
+
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+RP2040BLE *global_ble = nullptr;
+
+void RP2040BLE::setup() {
+  global_ble = this;
+
+  if (this->enable_on_boot_) {
+    this->enable();
+  } else {
+    this->state_ = BLEComponentState::DISABLED;
+  }
+}
+
+void RP2040BLE::enable() {
+  if (this->state_ == BLEComponentState::ACTIVE || this->state_ == BLEComponentState::ENABLING) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Enabling BLE...");
+  this->state_ = BLEComponentState::ENABLING;
+  this->active_logged_ = false;
+
+  if (!this->btstack_initialized_) {
+    // BTstack init functions are not idempotent — only call once
+    l2cap_init();
+    sm_init();
+
+    this->hci_event_callback_registration_.callback = &RP2040BLE::packet_handler_;
+    hci_add_event_handler(&this->hci_event_callback_registration_);
+
+    this->sm_event_callback_registration_.callback = &RP2040BLE::packet_handler_;
+    sm_add_event_handler(&this->sm_event_callback_registration_);
+
+    this->btstack_initialized_ = true;
+  }
+
+  hci_power_control(HCI_POWER_ON);
+}
+
+void RP2040BLE::disable() {
+  if (this->state_ == BLEComponentState::DISABLED || this->state_ == BLEComponentState::OFF) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Disabling BLE...");
+  this->state_ = BLEComponentState::DISABLING;
+
+  hci_power_control(HCI_POWER_OFF);
+
+  this->state_ = BLEComponentState::DISABLED;
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "BLE disabled");
+}
+
+void RP2040BLE::loop() {
+  if (this->state_ == BLEComponentState::ACTIVE && !this->active_logged_) {
+    this->active_logged_ = true;
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "BLE active");
+  }
+}
+
+static const char *state_to_str(BLEComponentState state) {
+  switch (state) {
+    case BLEComponentState::OFF:
+      return "OFF";
+    case BLEComponentState::ENABLING:
+      return "ENABLING";
+    case BLEComponentState::ACTIVE:
+      return "ACTIVE";
+    case BLEComponentState::DISABLING:
+      return "DISABLING";
+    case BLEComponentState::DISABLED:
+      return "DISABLED";
+    default:
+      return "UNKNOWN";
+  }
+}
+
+void RP2040BLE::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "RP2040 BLE:\n"
+                "  Enable on boot: %s\n"
+                "  State: %s",
+                YESNO(this->enable_on_boot_), state_to_str(this->state_));
+}
+
+float RP2040BLE::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::BLUETOOTH; }
+
+void RP2040BLE::packet_handler_(uint8_t type, uint16_t channel, uint8_t *packet, uint16_t size) {
+  if (global_ble == nullptr) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (type != HCI_EVENT_PACKET) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  uint8_t event_type = hci_event_packet_get_type(packet);
+
+  switch (event_type) {
+    case BTSTACK_EVENT_STATE: {
+      uint8_t state = btstack_event_state_get_state(packet);
+      if (state == HCI_STATE_WORKING && global_ble->state_ == BLEComponentState::ENABLING) {
+        global_ble->state_ = BLEComponentState::ACTIVE;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::rp2040_ble
+
+#endif  // USE_RP2040_BLE
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/rp2040_ble.h b/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/rp2040_ble.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..24b3860cc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040_ble/rp2040_ble.h
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"  // Must be included before conditional includes
+
+#ifdef USE_RP2040_BLE
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+
+#include <btstack.h>
+
+namespace esphome::rp2040_ble {
+
+enum class BLEComponentState : uint8_t {
+  OFF = 0,
+  ENABLING,
+  ACTIVE,
+  DISABLING,
+  DISABLED,
+};
+
+class RP2040BLE : public Component {
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  void loop() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override;
+
+  void enable();
+  void disable();
+  bool is_active() const { return this->state_ == BLEComponentState::ACTIVE; }
+
+  void set_enable_on_boot(bool enable_on_boot) { this->enable_on_boot_ = enable_on_boot; }
+
+ protected:
+  static void packet_handler_(uint8_t type, uint16_t channel, uint8_t *packet, uint16_t size);
+
+  btstack_packet_callback_registration_t hci_event_callback_registration_{};
+  btstack_packet_callback_registration_t sm_event_callback_registration_{};
+
+  BLEComponentState state_{BLEComponentState::OFF};
+  bool enable_on_boot_{true};
+  bool btstack_initialized_{false};
+  bool active_logged_{false};
+};
+
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+extern RP2040BLE *global_ble;
+
+}  // namespace esphome::rp2040_ble
+
+#endif  // USE_RP2040_BLE
diff --git a/esphome/core/defines.h b/esphome/core/defines.h
index 51f474d80e..44918fe00c 100644
--- a/esphome/core/defines.h
+++ b/esphome/core/defines.h
@@ -339,6 +339,7 @@
 #define USE_I2C
 #define USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC
 #define USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP
+#define USE_RP2040_BLE
 #define USE_SPI
 #endif
 
diff --git a/tests/components/rp2040_ble/common.yaml b/tests/components/rp2040_ble/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f6205a4724
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/rp2040_ble/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+rp2040_ble:
diff --git a/tests/components/rp2040_ble/test-disable-on-boot.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/rp2040_ble/test-disable-on-boot.rp2040-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2154536111
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/rp2040_ble/test-disable-on-boot.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+rp2040_ble:
+  enable_on_boot: false
diff --git a/tests/components/rp2040_ble/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/rp2040_ble/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dade44d145
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/rp2040_ble/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<<: !include common.yaml

From 04d80cfb75ffc19eaa14fcadce805c4c57369919 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Mar 2026 15:17:30 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 516/609] [esp32_hosted] Bump esp_wifi_remote and esp_hosted
 versions (#14680)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/esp32_hosted/__init__.py | 4 ++--
 esphome/idf_component.yml                   | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_hosted/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32_hosted/__init__.py
index 720d81acc4..6d49053d6d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_hosted/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_hosted/__init__.py
@@ -103,9 +103,9 @@ async def to_code(config):
     framework_ver: cv.Version = CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION]
     os.environ["ESP_IDF_VERSION"] = f"{framework_ver.major}.{framework_ver.minor}"
     if framework_ver >= cv.Version(5, 5, 0):
-        esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp_wifi_remote", ref="1.3.2")
+        esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp_wifi_remote", ref="1.4.0")
         esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/eppp_link", ref="1.1.4")
-        esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp_hosted", ref="2.11.5")
+        esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp_hosted", ref="2.12.0")
     else:
         esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp_wifi_remote", ref="0.13.0")
         esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/eppp_link", ref="0.2.0")
diff --git a/esphome/idf_component.yml b/esphome/idf_component.yml
index 550e7b9af7..acd7f7a479 100644
--- a/esphome/idf_component.yml
+++ b/esphome/idf_component.yml
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ dependencies:
   espressif/mdns:
     version: 1.10.0
   espressif/esp_wifi_remote:
-    version: 1.3.2
+    version: 1.4.0
     rules:
       - if: "target in [esp32h2, esp32p4]"
   espressif/eppp_link:
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ dependencies:
     rules:
       - if: "target in [esp32h2, esp32p4]"
   espressif/esp_hosted:
-    version: 2.11.5
+    version: 2.12.0
     rules:
       - if: "target in [esp32h2, esp32p4]"
   zorxx/multipart-parser:

From 780e009bf46854cabb42fb937659569eadc23d83 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: mahumpula <90641469+mahumpula@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Mar 2026 21:23:49 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 517/609] [runtime_image] Add support for 8bit BMPs and fix
 existing issues (#10733)

Co-authored-by: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .../components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.cpp  | 109 ++++++++++++++----
 .../components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.h    |   4 +
 tests/components/online_image/common.yaml     |   4 +
 3 files changed, 95 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.cpp b/esphome/components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.cpp
index 7003f4da2f..174f924b28 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.cpp
@@ -12,7 +12,10 @@ static const char *const TAG = "image_decoder.bmp";
 
 int HOT BmpDecoder::decode(uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) {
   size_t index = 0;
-  if (this->current_index_ == 0 && index == 0 && size > 14) {
+  if (this->current_index_ == 0) {
+    if (size <= 14) {
+      return 0;  // Need more data for file header
+    }
     /**
      * BMP file format:
      * 0-1: Signature (BM)
@@ -39,7 +42,10 @@ int HOT BmpDecoder::decode(uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) {
     this->current_index_ = 14;
     index = 14;
   }
-  if (this->current_index_ == 14 && index == 14 && size > this->data_offset_) {
+  if (this->current_index_ == 14) {
+    if (size <= this->data_offset_) {
+      return 0;  // Need more data for DIB header and color table
+    }
     /**
      * BMP DIB header:
      * 14-17: DIB header size
@@ -66,6 +72,28 @@ int HOT BmpDecoder::decode(uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) {
         this->width_bytes_ = (this->width_ + 7) / 8;
         this->padding_bytes_ = (4 - (this->width_bytes_ % 4)) % 4;
         break;
+      case 8: {
+        this->width_bytes_ = this->width_;
+        if (this->color_table_entries_ == 0) {
+          this->color_table_entries_ = 256;
+        } else if (this->color_table_entries_ > 256) {
+          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Too many color table entries: %" PRIu32, this->color_table_entries_);
+          return DECODE_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_FORMAT;
+        }
+        size_t header_size = encode_uint32(buffer[17], buffer[16], buffer[15], buffer[14]);
+        size_t offset = 14 + header_size;
+
+        this->color_table_ = std::make_unique<uint32_t[]>(this->color_table_entries_);
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < this->color_table_entries_; i++) {
+          this->color_table_[i] = encode_uint32(buffer[offset + i * 4 + 3], buffer[offset + i * 4 + 2],
+                                                buffer[offset + i * 4 + 1], buffer[offset + i * 4]);
+        }
+
+        this->padding_bytes_ = (4 - (this->width_bytes_ % 4)) % 4;
+
+        break;
+      }
       case 24:
         this->width_bytes_ = this->width_ * 3;
         if (this->width_bytes_ % 4 != 0) {
@@ -91,21 +119,24 @@ int HOT BmpDecoder::decode(uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) {
   }
   switch (this->bits_per_pixel_) {
     case 1: {
+      size_t width = static_cast<size_t>(this->width_);
       while (index < size) {
-        uint8_t current_byte = buffer[index];
-        bool end_of_row = false;
-        for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-          size_t x = this->paint_index_ % static_cast<size_t>(this->width_);
-          size_t y = static_cast<size_t>(this->height_ - 1) - (this->paint_index_ / static_cast<size_t>(this->width_));
-          Color c = (current_byte & (1 << (7 - i))) ? display::COLOR_ON : display::COLOR_OFF;
-          this->draw(x, y, 1, 1, c);
-          this->paint_index_++;
-          // End of pixel row: skip remaining bits in this byte
-          if (x + 1 >= static_cast<size_t>(this->width_)) {
-            end_of_row = true;
-            break;
-          }
+        size_t x = this->paint_index_ % width;
+        size_t y = static_cast<size_t>(this->height_ - 1) - (this->paint_index_ / width);
+        size_t remaining_in_row = width - x;
+        uint8_t pixels_in_byte = std::min<size_t>(remaining_in_row, 8);
+        bool end_of_row = remaining_in_row <= 8;
+        size_t needed = 1 + (end_of_row ? this->padding_bytes_ : 0);
+        if (index + needed > size) {
+          this->decoded_bytes_ += index;
+          return index;
         }
+        uint8_t current_byte = buffer[index];
+        for (uint8_t i = 0; i < pixels_in_byte; i++) {
+          Color c = (current_byte & (1 << (7 - i))) ? display::COLOR_ON : display::COLOR_OFF;
+          this->draw(x + i, y, 1, 1, c);
+        }
+        this->paint_index_ += pixels_in_byte;
         this->current_index_++;
         index++;
         // End of pixel row: skip row padding bytes (4-byte alignment)
@@ -116,23 +147,57 @@ int HOT BmpDecoder::decode(uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) {
       }
       break;
     }
-    case 24: {
+    case 8: {
+      size_t width = static_cast<size_t>(this->width_);
+      size_t last_col = width - 1;
       while (index < size) {
-        if (index + 2 >= size) {
+        size_t x = this->paint_index_ % width;
+        size_t y = static_cast<size_t>(this->height_ - 1) - (this->paint_index_ / width);
+        size_t needed = 1 + ((x == last_col) ? this->padding_bytes_ : 0);
+        if (index + needed > size) {
+          this->decoded_bytes_ += index;
+          return index;
+        }
+
+        uint8_t color_index = buffer[index];
+        if (color_index >= this->color_table_entries_) {
+          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid color index: %u", color_index);
+          return DECODE_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_FORMAT;
+        }
+
+        uint32_t rgb = this->color_table_[color_index];
+        uint8_t b = rgb & 0xff;
+        uint8_t g = (rgb >> 8) & 0xff;
+        uint8_t r = (rgb >> 16) & 0xff;
+        this->draw(x, y, 1, 1, Color(r, g, b));
+        this->paint_index_++;
+        this->current_index_++;
+        index++;
+        if (x == last_col && this->padding_bytes_ > 0) {
+          index += this->padding_bytes_;
+          this->current_index_ += this->padding_bytes_;
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case 24: {
+      size_t width = static_cast<size_t>(this->width_);
+      size_t last_col = width - 1;
+      while (index < size) {
+        size_t x = this->paint_index_ % width;
+        size_t y = static_cast<size_t>(this->height_ - 1) - (this->paint_index_ / width);
+        size_t needed = 3 + ((x == last_col) ? this->padding_bytes_ : 0);
+        if (index + needed > size) {
           this->decoded_bytes_ += index;
           return index;
         }
         uint8_t b = buffer[index];
         uint8_t g = buffer[index + 1];
         uint8_t r = buffer[index + 2];
-        size_t x = this->paint_index_ % static_cast<size_t>(this->width_);
-        size_t y = static_cast<size_t>(this->height_ - 1) - (this->paint_index_ / static_cast<size_t>(this->width_));
-        Color c = Color(r, g, b);
-        this->draw(x, y, 1, 1, c);
+        this->draw(x, y, 1, 1, Color(r, g, b));
         this->paint_index_++;
         this->current_index_ += 3;
         index += 3;
-        size_t last_col = static_cast<size_t>(this->width_) - 1;
         if (x == last_col && this->padding_bytes_ > 0) {
           index += this->padding_bytes_;
           this->current_index_ += this->padding_bytes_;
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.h b/esphome/components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.h
index 37db6b4940..73e54f5430 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.h
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.h
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #ifdef USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_BMP
 
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <memory>
+
 #include "image_decoder.h"
 #include "runtime_image.h"
 
@@ -36,6 +39,7 @@ class BmpDecoder : public ImageDecoder {
   uint32_t compression_method_{0};
   uint32_t image_data_size_{0};
   uint32_t color_table_entries_{0};
+  std::unique_ptr<uint32_t[]> color_table_;
   size_t width_bytes_{0};
   size_t data_offset_{0};
   uint8_t padding_bytes_{0};
diff --git a/tests/components/online_image/common.yaml b/tests/components/online_image/common.yaml
index 422a24b540..fc3cc94217 100644
--- a/tests/components/online_image/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/online_image/common.yaml
@@ -40,6 +40,10 @@ online_image:
     url: https://samples-files.com/samples/images/bmp/480-360-sample.bmp
     format: BMP
     type: BINARY
+  - id: online_rgb_bmp_8bit
+    url: https://samples-files.com/samples/images/bmp/480-360-sample.bmp
+    format: BMP
+    type: RGB
   - id: online_jpeg_image
     url: http://www.faqs.org/images/library.jpg
     format: JPEG

From 8ca6ee4349acb28878d4c15ef32d67999b96f139 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kevin Ahrendt <kevin.ahrendt@openhomefoundation.org>
Date: Tue, 10 Mar 2026 15:25:26 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 518/609] [speaker_source] Add new media player (#14649)

Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@home-assistant.io>
---
 CODEOWNERS                                    |   1 +
 esphome/components/speaker_source/__init__.py |   0
 .../components/speaker_source/media_player.py | 212 +++++++
 .../speaker_source_media_player.cpp           | 546 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../speaker_source_media_player.h             | 217 +++++++
 tests/components/speaker_source/common.yaml   |  43 ++
 .../speaker_source/test.esp32-idf.yaml        |   9 +
 tests/components/speaker_source/test.wav      | Bin 0 -> 46 bytes
 8 files changed, 1028 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/speaker_source/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/speaker_source/media_player.py
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/speaker_source/speaker_source_media_player.cpp
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/speaker_source/speaker_source_media_player.h
 create mode 100644 tests/components/speaker_source/common.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/components/speaker_source/test.esp32-idf.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/components/speaker_source/test.wav

diff --git a/CODEOWNERS b/CODEOWNERS
index a95e100cbf..12aff01e73 100644
--- a/CODEOWNERS
+++ b/CODEOWNERS
@@ -459,6 +459,7 @@ esphome/components/sonoff_d1/* @anatoly-savchenkov
 esphome/components/sound_level/* @kahrendt
 esphome/components/speaker/* @jesserockz @kahrendt
 esphome/components/speaker/media_player/* @kahrendt @synesthesiam
+esphome/components/speaker_source/* @kahrendt
 esphome/components/spi/* @clydebarrow @esphome/core
 esphome/components/spi_device/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/spi_led_strip/* @clydebarrow
diff --git a/esphome/components/speaker_source/__init__.py b/esphome/components/speaker_source/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/esphome/components/speaker_source/media_player.py b/esphome/components/speaker_source/media_player.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a44cdcbf01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/speaker_source/media_player.py
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+from esphome import automation
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import audio, media_player, media_source, speaker
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_FORMAT,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_NUM_CHANNELS,
+    CONF_SAMPLE_RATE,
+    CONF_SPEAKER,
+)
+from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+AUTO_LOAD = ["audio"]
+DEPENDENCIES = ["media_source", "speaker"]
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@kahrendt"]
+
+CONF_MEDIA_PIPELINE = "media_pipeline"
+CONF_ON_MUTE = "on_mute"
+CONF_ON_UNMUTE = "on_unmute"
+CONF_ON_VOLUME = "on_volume"
+CONF_SOURCES = "sources"
+CONF_VOLUME_INCREMENT = "volume_increment"
+CONF_VOLUME_INITIAL = "volume_initial"
+CONF_VOLUME_MAX = "volume_max"
+CONF_VOLUME_MIN = "volume_min"
+
+speaker_source_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("speaker_source")
+
+SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer = speaker_source_ns.class_(
+    "SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer", cg.Component, media_player.MediaPlayer
+)
+
+PipelineContext = speaker_source_ns.struct("PipelineContext")
+
+Pipeline = speaker_source_ns.enum("Pipeline")
+
+
+FORMAT_MAPPING = {
+    "FLAC": "flac",
+    "MP3": "mp3",
+    "OPUS": "opus",
+    "WAV": "wav",
+}
+
+
+# Returns a media_player.MediaPlayerSupportedFormat struct with the configured
+# format, sample rate, number of channels, purpose, and bytes per sample
+def _get_supported_format_struct(pipeline: ConfigType):
+    args = [
+        media_player.MediaPlayerSupportedFormat,
+    ]
+
+    args.append(("format", FORMAT_MAPPING[pipeline[CONF_FORMAT]]))
+
+    args.append(("sample_rate", pipeline[CONF_SAMPLE_RATE]))
+    args.append(("num_channels", pipeline[CONF_NUM_CHANNELS]))
+    args.append(("purpose", media_player.MEDIA_PLAYER_FORMAT_PURPOSE_ENUM["default"]))
+
+    # Omit sample_bytes for MP3: ffmpeg transcoding in Home Assistant fails
+    # if the number of bytes per sample is specified for MP3.
+    if pipeline[CONF_FORMAT] != "MP3":
+        args.append(("sample_bytes", 2))
+
+    return cg.StructInitializer(*args)
+
+
+def _validate_pipeline(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    # Inherit settings from speaker if not manually set
+    inherit_property_from(CONF_NUM_CHANNELS, CONF_SPEAKER)(config)
+    inherit_property_from(CONF_SAMPLE_RATE, CONF_SPEAKER)(config)
+
+    # Opus only supports 48 kHz
+    if config.get(CONF_FORMAT) == "OPUS" and config.get(CONF_SAMPLE_RATE) != 48000:
+        raise cv.Invalid("Opus only supports a sample rate of 48000 Hz")
+
+    audio.final_validate_audio_schema(
+        "speaker_source media_player",
+        audio_device=CONF_SPEAKER,
+        bits_per_sample=16,
+        channels=config.get(CONF_NUM_CHANNELS),
+        sample_rate=config.get(CONF_SAMPLE_RATE),
+    )(config)
+
+    return config
+
+
+PIPELINE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(
+            PipelineContext
+        ),  # Needed to inherit audio settings from the speaker
+        cv.Required(CONF_SPEAKER): cv.use_id(speaker.Speaker),
+        cv.Required(CONF_SOURCES): cv.All(
+            cv.ensure_list(cv.use_id(media_source.MediaSource)),
+            cv.Length(min=1),
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_FORMAT, default="FLAC"): cv.enum(audio.AUDIO_FILE_TYPE_ENUM),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_SAMPLE_RATE): cv.int_range(min=1),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_NUM_CHANNELS): cv.int_range(1, 2),
+    }
+)
+
+
+def _validate_volume_settings(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    # CONF_VOLUME_INITIAL is in the scaled volume domain (0.0-1.0) and doesn't need to be validated
+    if config[CONF_VOLUME_MIN] > config[CONF_VOLUME_MAX]:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"{CONF_VOLUME_MIN} ({config[CONF_VOLUME_MIN]}) must be less than or equal to {CONF_VOLUME_MAX} ({config[CONF_VOLUME_MAX]})"
+        )
+    return config
+
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.Optional(CONF_VOLUME_INCREMENT, default=0.05): cv.percentage,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_VOLUME_INITIAL, default=0.5): cv.percentage,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_VOLUME_MAX, default=1.0): cv.percentage,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_VOLUME_MIN, default=0.0): cv.percentage,
+            cv.Required(CONF_MEDIA_PIPELINE): PIPELINE_SCHEMA,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_MUTE): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_UNMUTE): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ON_VOLUME): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(media_player.media_player_schema(SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer)),
+    cv.only_on_esp32,
+    _validate_volume_settings,
+)
+
+
+def _final_validate_codecs(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    pipeline = config[CONF_MEDIA_PIPELINE]
+    fmt = pipeline[CONF_FORMAT]
+    if fmt == "NONE":
+        audio.request_flac_support()
+        audio.request_mp3_support()
+        audio.request_opus_support()
+    elif fmt == "FLAC":
+        audio.request_flac_support()
+    elif fmt == "MP3":
+        audio.request_mp3_support()
+    elif fmt == "OPUS":
+        audio.request_opus_support()
+
+    return config
+
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_MEDIA_PIPELINE): _validate_pipeline,
+        },
+        extra=cv.ALLOW_EXTRA,
+    ),
+    _final_validate_codecs,
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    await media_player.register_media_player(var, config)
+
+    cg.add(var.set_volume_increment(config[CONF_VOLUME_INCREMENT]))
+    cg.add(var.set_volume_initial(config[CONF_VOLUME_INITIAL]))
+    cg.add(var.set_volume_max(config[CONF_VOLUME_MAX]))
+    cg.add(var.set_volume_min(config[CONF_VOLUME_MIN]))
+
+    pipeline_config = config[CONF_MEDIA_PIPELINE]
+    pipeline_enum = Pipeline.MEDIA_PIPELINE
+
+    for source in pipeline_config[CONF_SOURCES]:
+        src = await cg.get_variable(source)
+        cg.add(var.add_media_source(pipeline_enum, src))
+
+    cg.add(
+        var.set_speaker(
+            pipeline_enum,
+            await cg.get_variable(pipeline_config[CONF_SPEAKER]),
+        )
+    )
+    if pipeline_config[CONF_FORMAT] != "NONE":
+        cg.add(
+            var.set_format(
+                pipeline_enum,
+                _get_supported_format_struct(pipeline_config),
+            )
+        )
+
+    if on_mute := config.get(CONF_ON_MUTE):
+        await automation.build_automation(
+            var.get_mute_trigger(),
+            [],
+            on_mute,
+        )
+    if on_unmute := config.get(CONF_ON_UNMUTE):
+        await automation.build_automation(
+            var.get_unmute_trigger(),
+            [],
+            on_unmute,
+        )
+    if on_volume := config.get(CONF_ON_VOLUME):
+        await automation.build_automation(
+            var.get_volume_trigger(),
+            [(cg.float_, "x")],
+            on_volume,
+        )
diff --git a/esphome/components/speaker_source/speaker_source_media_player.cpp b/esphome/components/speaker_source/speaker_source_media_player.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a3679891d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/speaker_source/speaker_source_media_player.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,546 @@
+#include "speaker_source_media_player.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::speaker_source {
+
+static constexpr uint32_t MEDIA_CONTROLS_QUEUE_LENGTH = 20;
+
+static const char *const TAG = "speaker_source_media_player";
+
+// SourceBinding method implementations (defined here because SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer is forward-declared in the
+// header)
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Called from media source decode task thread
+size_t SourceBinding::write_audio(const uint8_t *data, size_t length, uint32_t timeout_ms,
+                                  const audio::AudioStreamInfo &stream_info) {
+  return this->player->handle_media_output_(this->pipeline, this->source, data, length, timeout_ms, stream_info);
+}
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Called from main loop (media source's loop() calls set_state_ which calls report_state)
+void SourceBinding::report_state(media_source::MediaSourceState state) {
+  this->player->handle_media_state_changed_(this->pipeline, this->source, state);
+}
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Called from media source task thread; uses defer() to marshal to main loop
+void SourceBinding::request_volume(float volume) {
+  this->player->defer([this, volume]() { this->player->handle_volume_request_(volume); });
+}
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Called from media source task thread; uses defer() to marshal to main loop
+void SourceBinding::request_mute(bool is_muted) {
+  this->player->defer([this, is_muted]() { this->player->handle_mute_request_(is_muted); });
+}
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Called from media source task thread; uses defer() to marshal to main loop
+void SourceBinding::request_play_uri(const std::string &uri) {
+  this->player->defer([this, uri]() { this->player->handle_play_uri_request_(this->pipeline, uri); });
+}
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Called during code generation setup (main loop)
+void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::add_media_source(uint8_t pipeline, media_source::MediaSource *media_source) {
+  auto &binding =
+      this->pipelines_[pipeline].sources.emplace_back(std::make_unique<SourceBinding>(this, media_source, pipeline));
+  media_source->set_listener(binding.get());
+}
+
+void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "Speaker Source Media Player:\n"
+                "  Volume Increment: %.2f\n"
+                "  Volume Min: %.2f\n"
+                "  Volume Max: %.2f",
+                this->volume_increment_, this->volume_min_, this->volume_max_);
+}
+
+void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::setup() {
+  this->state = media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_IDLE;
+
+  this->media_control_command_queue_ = xQueueCreate(MEDIA_CONTROLS_QUEUE_LENGTH, sizeof(MediaPlayerControlCommand));
+
+  this->pref_ = this->make_entity_preference<VolumeRestoreState>();
+
+  VolumeRestoreState volume_restore_state;
+  if (this->pref_.load(&volume_restore_state)) {
+    this->set_volume_(volume_restore_state.volume);
+    this->set_mute_state_(volume_restore_state.is_muted);
+  } else {
+    this->set_volume_(this->volume_initial_);
+    this->set_mute_state_(false);
+  }
+
+  // Register callbacks to receive playback notifications from speakers
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < this->pipelines_.size(); i++) {
+    if (this->pipelines_[i].is_configured()) {
+      this->pipelines_[i].speaker->add_audio_output_callback([this, i](uint32_t frames, int64_t timestamp) {
+        this->handle_speaker_playback_callback_(frames, timestamp, i);
+      });
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Called from the speaker's playback callback task (not main loop)
+void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::handle_speaker_playback_callback_(uint32_t frames, int64_t timestamp, uint8_t pipeline) {
+  PipelineContext &ps = this->pipelines_[pipeline];
+
+  // Load once so the null check and use below are consistent
+  media_source::MediaSource *active_source = ps.active_source.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  if (active_source == nullptr) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // CAS loop to safely subtract frames without underflow. If pending_frames is reset to 0 (new source
+  // starting) between the load and the subtract, compare_exchange_weak will fail and reload the current value.
+  uint32_t current = ps.pending_frames.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  uint32_t source_frames;
+  do {
+    source_frames = std::min(frames, current);
+  } while (source_frames > 0 &&
+           !ps.pending_frames.compare_exchange_weak(current, current - source_frames, std::memory_order_relaxed));
+
+  if (source_frames > 0) {
+    // Notify the source about the played audio
+    active_source->notify_audio_played(source_frames, timestamp);
+  }
+}
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Called from main loop via defer()
+void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::handle_volume_request_(float volume) {
+  // Update the media player's volume
+  this->set_volume_(volume);
+  this->publish_state();
+}
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Called from main loop via defer()
+void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::handle_mute_request_(bool is_muted) {
+  // Update the media player's mute state
+  this->set_mute_state_(is_muted);
+  this->publish_state();
+}
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Called from main loop via defer()
+void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::handle_play_uri_request_(uint8_t pipeline, const std::string &uri) {
+  // Smart source is requesting the player to play a different URI
+  auto call = this->make_call();
+  call.set_media_url(uri);
+  call.perform();
+}
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Called from main loop (media source's loop() calls set_state_ which calls report_state)
+void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::handle_media_state_changed_(uint8_t pipeline, media_source::MediaSource *source,
+                                                           media_source::MediaSourceState state) {
+  PipelineContext &ps = this->pipelines_[pipeline];
+
+  if (state == media_source::MediaSourceState::IDLE) {
+    // Source went idle - clear stopping flag if this was the source we asked to stop
+    if (ps.stopping_source == source) {
+      ps.stopping_source = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // Clear pending flag if this was the source we asked to play
+    if (ps.pending_source == source) {
+      ps.pending_source = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // Source went idle - clear it if it's the active source
+    if (ps.active_source == source) {
+      ps.last_source = ps.active_source;
+      ps.active_source = nullptr;
+
+      // Finish the speaker to ensure it's ready for the next playback
+      ps.speaker->finish();
+    }
+  } else if (state == media_source::MediaSourceState::PLAYING) {
+    // Source started playing - make it the active source if no one else is active
+    if (ps.active_source == nullptr) {
+      ps.active_source = source;
+      ps.last_source = nullptr;
+
+      // Clear pending flag now that the source is active
+      if (ps.pending_source == source) {
+        ps.pending_source = nullptr;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Called from media source decode task thread (not main loop).
+// Reads ps.active_source (atomic), writes ps.pending_frames (atomic), and calls
+// ps.speaker methods (speaker pointer is immutable after setup).
+size_t SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::handle_media_output_(uint8_t pipeline, media_source::MediaSource *source,
+                                                      const uint8_t *data, size_t length, uint32_t timeout_ms,
+                                                      const audio::AudioStreamInfo &stream_info) {
+  PipelineContext &ps = this->pipelines_[pipeline];
+
+  // Single read; the if-body only uses ps.speaker (immutable after setup) and the source parameter.
+  if (ps.active_source == source) {
+    // This source is active - play the audio
+    if (ps.speaker->get_audio_stream_info() != stream_info) {
+      // Setup the speaker to play this stream
+      ps.speaker->set_audio_stream_info(stream_info);
+      vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(timeout_ms));
+      return 0;
+    }
+    size_t bytes_written = ps.speaker->play(data, length, pdMS_TO_TICKS(timeout_ms));
+    if (bytes_written > 0) {
+      // Track frames sent to speaker for this source
+      ps.pending_frames.fetch_add(stream_info.bytes_to_frames(bytes_written), std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    }
+    return bytes_written;
+  }
+
+  // Not the active source - wait for state callback to set us as active when we transition to PLAYING
+  vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(timeout_ms));
+  return 0;
+}
+
+media_player::MediaPlayerState SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::get_media_pipeline_state_(
+    media_source::MediaSource *source) const {
+  if (source != nullptr) {
+    switch (source->get_state()) {
+      case media_source::MediaSourceState::PLAYING:
+        return media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_PLAYING;
+      case media_source::MediaSourceState::PAUSED:
+        return media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_PAUSED;
+      case media_source::MediaSourceState::ERROR:
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Source error");
+        return media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_IDLE;
+      case media_source::MediaSourceState::IDLE:
+      default:
+        return media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_IDLE;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_IDLE;
+}
+
+void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::loop() {
+  // Process queued control commands
+  MediaPlayerControlCommand control_command;
+
+  // Use peek to check command without removing it
+  if (xQueuePeek(this->media_control_command_queue_, &control_command, 0) == pdTRUE) {
+    bool command_executed = false;
+    uint8_t pipeline = control_command.pipeline;
+
+    switch (control_command.type) {
+      case MediaPlayerControlCommand::PLAY_URI: {
+        command_executed = this->try_execute_play_uri_(*control_command.data.uri, pipeline);
+        break;
+      }
+
+      case MediaPlayerControlCommand::SEND_COMMAND: {
+        PipelineContext &ps = this->pipelines_[pipeline];
+
+        // Determine target source: prefer active, fall back to last
+        media_source::MediaSource *target_source = nullptr;
+        if (ps.active_source != nullptr) {
+          target_source = ps.active_source;
+        } else if (ps.last_source != nullptr) {
+          target_source = ps.last_source;
+        }
+
+        media_player::MediaPlayerCommand player_command = control_command.data.command;
+        switch (player_command) {
+          case media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_TOGGLE: {
+            media_source::MediaSource *active_source = ps.active_source;
+            if ((active_source != nullptr) && (active_source->get_state() == media_source::MediaSourceState::PLAYING)) {
+              if (target_source != nullptr) {
+                target_source->handle_command(media_source::MediaSourceCommand::PAUSE);
+              }
+            } else {
+              if (target_source != nullptr) {
+                target_source->handle_command(media_source::MediaSourceCommand::PLAY);
+              }
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+
+          case media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_PLAY: {
+            if (target_source != nullptr) {
+              target_source->handle_command(media_source::MediaSourceCommand::PLAY);
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+
+          case media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_PAUSE: {
+            if (target_source != nullptr) {
+              target_source->handle_command(media_source::MediaSourceCommand::PAUSE);
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+
+          case media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_STOP: {
+            if (target_source != nullptr) {
+              target_source->handle_command(media_source::MediaSourceCommand::STOP);
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+
+          default:
+            break;
+        }
+
+        command_executed = true;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Only remove from queue if successfully executed
+    if (command_executed) {
+      xQueueReceive(this->media_control_command_queue_, &control_command, 0);
+
+      // Delete the allocated string for PLAY_URI commands
+      if (control_command.type == MediaPlayerControlCommand::PLAY_URI) {
+        delete control_command.data.uri;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Update state based on active sources
+  media_player::MediaPlayerState old_state = this->state;
+
+  PipelineContext &media_ps = this->pipelines_[MEDIA_PIPELINE];
+  this->state = this->get_media_pipeline_state_(media_ps.active_source);
+
+  if (this->state != old_state) {
+    this->publish_state();
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "State changed to %s", media_player::media_player_state_to_string(this->state));
+  }
+}
+
+media_source::MediaSource *SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::find_source_for_uri_(const std::string &uri, uint8_t pipeline) {
+  PipelineContext &ps = this->pipelines_[pipeline];
+  media_source::MediaSource *first_match = nullptr;
+  for (auto &binding : ps.sources) {
+    if (binding->source->can_handle(uri)) {
+      // Prefer an idle source; otherwise remember the first match (will be stopped by try_execute_play_uri_)
+      if (binding->source->get_state() == media_source::MediaSourceState::IDLE) {
+        return binding->source;
+      }
+      if (first_match == nullptr) {
+        first_match = binding->source;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return first_match;
+}
+
+bool SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::try_execute_play_uri_(const std::string &uri, uint8_t pipeline) {
+  // Find target source
+  media_source::MediaSource *target_source = this->find_source_for_uri_(uri, pipeline);
+  if (target_source == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "No source for URI");
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "URI: %s", uri.c_str());
+    return true;  // Remove from queue (unrecoverable)
+  }
+
+  PipelineContext &ps = this->pipelines_[pipeline];
+
+  media_source::MediaSource *active_source = ps.active_source;
+
+  // If active source exists and is not IDLE, stop it and wait
+  if (active_source != nullptr) {
+    media_source::MediaSourceState active_state = active_source->get_state();
+    if (active_state != media_source::MediaSourceState::IDLE) {
+      // Only send END command once per source - check if we've already asked this source to stop
+      if (ps.stopping_source != active_source) {
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Pipeline %u: stopping active source", pipeline);
+        active_source->handle_command(media_source::MediaSourceCommand::STOP);
+        ps.speaker->stop();
+        ps.stopping_source = active_source;
+      }
+      return false;  // Leave in queue, retry next loop
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Also check target source directly - handles case where source errored before PLAYING state
+  media_source::MediaSourceState target_state = target_source->get_state();
+  if (target_state != media_source::MediaSourceState::IDLE) {
+    // Only send STOP command once per source
+    if (ps.stopping_source != target_source) {
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Pipeline %u: target source busy, stopping", pipeline);
+      target_source->handle_command(media_source::MediaSourceCommand::STOP);
+      ps.speaker->stop();
+      ps.stopping_source = target_source;
+    }
+    return false;  // Leave in queue, retry next loop
+  }
+
+  // Clear stopping flag since we're past the stopping phase
+  ps.stopping_source = nullptr;
+
+  // Check if speaker is ready
+  if (!ps.speaker->is_stopped()) {
+    return false;  // Speaker not ready yet, retry later
+  }
+
+  // Set pending source so handle_media_state_changed_ can recognize it when the source transitions to PLAYING
+  ps.pending_source = target_source;
+
+  // Speaker is ready, try to play
+  if (!target_source->play_uri(uri)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Pipeline %u: Failed to play URI: %s", pipeline, uri.c_str());
+    ps.pending_source = nullptr;
+  }
+
+  // Reset pending frame counter for this pipeline since we're starting a new source
+  ps.pending_frames.store(0, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+
+  return true;  // Remove from queue
+}
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Called from main loop only. Entry points:
+// - HA/automation commands (direct)
+// - handle_play_uri_request_() via make_call().perform() (deferred from source tasks)
+void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::control(const media_player::MediaPlayerCall &call) {
+  if (!this->is_ready()) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  MediaPlayerControlCommand control_command;
+  control_command.pipeline = MEDIA_PIPELINE;
+
+  auto media_url = call.get_media_url();
+  if (media_url.has_value()) {
+    control_command.type = MediaPlayerControlCommand::PLAY_URI;
+    // Heap allocation is unavoidable: URIs from Home Assistant are arbitrary-length (media URLs with tokens
+    // can easily exceed 500 bytes). Deleted after the command is consumed. FreeRTOS queues require items to be
+    // copyable, so we store a pointer to the string in the queue rather than the string itself.
+    control_command.data.uri = new std::string(media_url.value());
+    if (xQueueSend(this->media_control_command_queue_, &control_command, 0) != pdTRUE) {
+      delete control_command.data.uri;
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Queue full, URI dropped");
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  auto volume = call.get_volume();
+  if (volume.has_value()) {
+    this->set_volume_(volume.value());
+    this->publish_state();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  auto cmd = call.get_command();
+  if (cmd.has_value()) {
+    switch (cmd.value()) {
+      case media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_MUTE:
+        this->set_mute_state_(true);
+        break;
+      case media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_UNMUTE:
+        this->set_mute_state_(false);
+        break;
+      case media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_VOLUME_UP:
+        this->set_volume_(std::min(1.0f, this->volume + this->volume_increment_));
+        break;
+      case media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_VOLUME_DOWN:
+        this->set_volume_(std::max(0.0f, this->volume - this->volume_increment_));
+        break;
+      default:
+        // Queue command for processing in loop()
+        control_command.type = MediaPlayerControlCommand::SEND_COMMAND;
+        control_command.data.command = cmd.value();
+        if (xQueueSend(this->media_control_command_queue_, &control_command, 0) != pdTRUE) {
+          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Queue full, command dropped");
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+    this->publish_state();
+  }
+}
+
+media_player::MediaPlayerTraits SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::get_traits() {
+  auto traits = media_player::MediaPlayerTraits();
+  traits.set_supports_pause(true);
+
+  for (const auto &ps : this->pipelines_) {
+    if (ps.format.has_value()) {
+      traits.get_supported_formats().push_back(ps.format.value());
+    }
+  }
+
+  return traits;
+}
+
+void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::save_volume_restore_state_() {
+  VolumeRestoreState volume_restore_state;
+  volume_restore_state.volume = this->volume;
+  volume_restore_state.is_muted = this->is_muted_;
+  this->pref_.save(&volume_restore_state);
+}
+
+void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::set_mute_state_(bool mute_state, bool publish) {
+  if (this->is_muted_ == mute_state) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  for (auto &ps : this->pipelines_) {
+    if (ps.is_configured()) {
+      ps.speaker->set_mute_state(mute_state);
+    }
+  }
+
+  this->is_muted_ = mute_state;
+
+  if (publish) {
+    this->save_volume_restore_state_();
+  }
+
+  // Notify all media sources about the mute state change
+  for (auto &ps : this->pipelines_) {
+    for (auto &binding : ps.sources) {
+      binding->source->notify_mute_changed(mute_state);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (mute_state) {
+    this->defer([this]() { this->mute_trigger_.trigger(); });
+  } else {
+    this->defer([this]() { this->unmute_trigger_.trigger(); });
+  }
+}
+
+void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::set_volume_(float volume, bool publish) {
+  // Remap the volume to fit within the configured limits
+  float bounded_volume = remap<float, float>(volume, 0.0f, 1.0f, this->volume_min_, this->volume_max_);
+
+  for (auto &ps : this->pipelines_) {
+    if (ps.is_configured()) {
+      ps.speaker->set_volume(bounded_volume);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (publish) {
+    this->volume = volume;
+  }
+
+  // Notify all media sources about the volume change
+  for (auto &ps : this->pipelines_) {
+    for (auto &binding : ps.sources) {
+      binding->source->notify_volume_changed(volume);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Turn on the mute state if the volume is effectively zero, off otherwise.
+  // Pass publish=false to avoid saving twice.
+  if (volume < 0.001) {
+    this->set_mute_state_(true, false);
+  } else {
+    this->set_mute_state_(false, false);
+  }
+
+  // Save after mute mutation so the restored state has the correct is_muted_ value
+  if (publish) {
+    this->save_volume_restore_state_();
+  }
+
+  this->defer([this, volume]() { this->volume_trigger_.trigger(volume); });
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::speaker_source
+
+#endif  // USE_ESP32
diff --git a/esphome/components/speaker_source/speaker_source_media_player.h b/esphome/components/speaker_source/speaker_source_media_player.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7896fef295
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/speaker_source/speaker_source_media_player.h
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+
+#include "esphome/components/audio/audio.h"
+#include "esphome/components/media_source/media_source.h"
+#include "esphome/components/media_player/media_player.h"
+#include "esphome/components/speaker/speaker.h"
+
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/preferences.h"
+
+#include <array>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+#include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
+#include <freertos/queue.h>
+
+namespace esphome::speaker_source {
+
+// THREADING MODEL:
+// This component coordinates media sources that run their own decode tasks with speakers
+// that have their own playback callback tasks. Three thread contexts exist:
+//
+// - Main loop task: setup(), loop(), dump_config(), handle_media_state_changed_(),
+//   handle_volume_request_(), handle_mute_request_(), handle_play_uri_request_(),
+//   set_volume_(), set_mute_state_(), control(), get_media_pipeline_state_(),
+//   find_source_for_uri_(), try_execute_play_uri_(), save_volume_restore_state_()
+//
+// - Media source task(s): handle_media_output_() via SourceBinding::write_audio().
+//   Called from each source's decode task thread when streaming audio data.
+//   Reads ps.active_source (atomic), writes ps.pending_frames (atomic), and calls
+//   ps.speaker methods (speaker pointer is immutable after setup).
+//
+// - Speaker callback task: handle_speaker_playback_callback_() via speaker's
+//   add_audio_output_callback(). Called when the speaker finishes writing frames to the DAC.
+//   Reads ps.active_source (atomic), writes ps.pending_frames (atomic), and calls
+//   active_source->notify_audio_played().
+//
+// control() is only called from the main loop (HA/automation commands).
+// Source tasks use defer() for all requests (volume, mute, play_uri).
+//
+// Thread-safe communication:
+// - FreeRTOS queue (media_control_command_queue_): control() -> loop() for play/command dispatch
+// - defer(): SourceBinding::request_volume/request_mute/request_play_uri -> main loop
+// - Atomic fields (active_source, pending_frames): shared between all three thread contexts
+//
+// Non-atomic pipeline fields (last_source, stopping_source, pending_source) are only accessed
+// from the main loop thread.
+
+enum Pipeline : uint8_t {
+  MEDIA_PIPELINE = 0,
+};
+
+// Forward declaration
+class SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer;
+
+/// @brief Per-source listener binding that captures the source pointer at registration time.
+/// Each binding implements MediaSourceListener and forwards callbacks to the player with the source identified.
+/// Defined before PipelineContext so pipelines can own their bindings directly.
+struct SourceBinding : public media_source::MediaSourceListener {
+  SourceBinding(SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer *player, media_source::MediaSource *source, uint8_t pipeline)
+      : player(player), source(source), pipeline(pipeline) {}
+  SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer *player;
+  media_source::MediaSource *source;
+  uint8_t pipeline;
+
+  // Implementations are in the .cpp file because SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer is only forward-declared here
+  size_t write_audio(const uint8_t *data, size_t length, uint32_t timeout_ms,
+                     const audio::AudioStreamInfo &stream_info) override;
+  void report_state(media_source::MediaSourceState state) override;
+  void request_volume(float volume) override;
+  void request_mute(bool is_muted) override;
+  void request_play_uri(const std::string &uri) override;
+};
+
+struct PipelineContext {
+  speaker::Speaker *speaker{nullptr};
+  optional<media_player::MediaPlayerSupportedFormat> format;
+
+  std::atomic<media_source::MediaSource *> active_source{nullptr};
+  media_source::MediaSource *last_source{nullptr};
+  media_source::MediaSource *stopping_source{nullptr};  // Source we've asked to stop, awaiting IDLE
+  media_source::MediaSource *pending_source{nullptr};   // Source we've asked to play, awaiting PLAYING
+
+  // Each SourceBinding pairs a MediaSource* with its listener implementation.
+  // Uses unique_ptr so binding addresses are stable and set_listener() can be called in add_media_source().
+  // Uses std::vector because the count varies across instances (multiple speaker_source media players may exist).
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<SourceBinding>> sources;
+
+  // Track frames sent to speaker to correlate with playback callbacks.
+  // Atomic because it is written from the main loop/source tasks and read/decremented from the speaker playback
+  // callback.
+  std::atomic<uint32_t> pending_frames{0};
+
+  /// @brief Check if this pipeline is configured (has a speaker assigned)
+  bool is_configured() const { return this->speaker != nullptr; }
+};
+
+struct MediaPlayerControlCommand {
+  enum Type : uint8_t {
+    PLAY_URI,      // Find a source that can handle this URI and play it
+    SEND_COMMAND,  // Send command to active source
+  };
+  Type type;
+  uint8_t pipeline;
+
+  union {
+    std::string *uri;  // Owned pointer, must delete after xQueueReceive (for PLAY_URI)
+    media_player::MediaPlayerCommand command;
+  } data;
+};
+
+struct VolumeRestoreState {
+  float volume;
+  bool is_muted;
+};
+
+class SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer : public Component, public media_player::MediaPlayer {
+  friend struct SourceBinding;
+
+ public:
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return esphome::setup_priority::PROCESSOR; }
+  void setup() override;
+  void loop() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+
+  // MediaPlayer implementations
+  media_player::MediaPlayerTraits get_traits() override;
+  bool is_muted() const override { return this->is_muted_; }
+
+  // Percentage to increase or decrease the volume for volume up or volume down commands
+  void set_volume_increment(float volume_increment) { this->volume_increment_ = volume_increment; }
+
+  // Volume used initially on first boot when no volume had been previously saved
+  void set_volume_initial(float volume_initial) { this->volume_initial_ = volume_initial; }
+
+  void set_volume_max(float volume_max) { this->volume_max_ = volume_max; }
+  void set_volume_min(float volume_min) { this->volume_min_ = volume_min; }
+
+  /// @brief Adds a media source to a pipeline and registers this player as its listener
+  void add_media_source(uint8_t pipeline, media_source::MediaSource *media_source);
+
+  void set_speaker(uint8_t pipeline, speaker::Speaker *speaker) { this->pipelines_[pipeline].speaker = speaker; }
+  void set_format(uint8_t pipeline, const media_player::MediaPlayerSupportedFormat &format) {
+    this->pipelines_[pipeline].format = format;
+  }
+
+  Trigger<> *get_mute_trigger() { return &this->mute_trigger_; }
+  Trigger<> *get_unmute_trigger() { return &this->unmute_trigger_; }
+  Trigger<float> *get_volume_trigger() { return &this->volume_trigger_; }
+
+ protected:
+  // Callbacks from source bindings (pipeline index is captured at binding creation time)
+  size_t handle_media_output_(uint8_t pipeline, media_source::MediaSource *source, const uint8_t *data, size_t length,
+                              uint32_t timeout_ms, const audio::AudioStreamInfo &stream_info);
+  void handle_media_state_changed_(uint8_t pipeline, media_source::MediaSource *source,
+                                   media_source::MediaSourceState state);
+  void handle_volume_request_(float volume);
+  void handle_mute_request_(bool is_muted);
+  void handle_play_uri_request_(uint8_t pipeline, const std::string &uri);
+
+  void handle_speaker_playback_callback_(uint32_t frames, int64_t timestamp, uint8_t pipeline);
+
+  // Receives commands from HA or from the voice assistant component
+  // Sends commands to the media_control_command_queue_
+  void control(const media_player::MediaPlayerCall &call) override;
+
+  /// @brief Updates this->volume and saves volume/mute state to flash for restoration if publish is true.
+  void set_volume_(float volume, bool publish = true);
+
+  /// @brief Sets the mute state.
+  /// @param mute_state If true, audio will be muted. If false, audio will be unmuted
+  /// @param publish If true, saves volume/mute state to flash for restoration
+  void set_mute_state_(bool mute_state, bool publish = true);
+
+  /// @brief Saves the current volume and mute state to the flash for restoration.
+  void save_volume_restore_state_();
+
+  /// @brief Determine media player state from the media pipeline's active source
+  /// @param media_source Active source for the media pipeline (may be nullptr)
+  /// @return The appropriate MediaPlayerState
+  media_player::MediaPlayerState get_media_pipeline_state_(media_source::MediaSource *media_source) const;
+
+  bool try_execute_play_uri_(const std::string &uri, uint8_t pipeline);
+  media_source::MediaSource *find_source_for_uri_(const std::string &uri, uint8_t pipeline);
+  QueueHandle_t media_control_command_queue_;
+
+  // Pipeline context for media pipeline. See THREADING MODEL at top of namespace for access rules.
+  std::array<PipelineContext, 1> pipelines_;
+
+  // Used to save volume/mute state for restoration on reboot
+  ESPPreferenceObject pref_;
+
+  Trigger<> mute_trigger_;
+  Trigger<> unmute_trigger_;
+  Trigger<float> volume_trigger_;
+
+  // The amount to change the volume on volume up/down commands
+  float volume_increment_;
+
+  // The initial volume used by Setup when no previous volume was saved
+  float volume_initial_;
+
+  float volume_max_;
+  float volume_min_;
+
+  bool is_muted_{false};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::speaker_source
+
+#endif  // USE_ESP32
diff --git a/tests/components/speaker_source/common.yaml b/tests/components/speaker_source/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cfcb065f57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/speaker_source/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+i2s_audio:
+  i2s_lrclk_pin: ${i2s_bclk_pin}
+  i2s_bclk_pin: ${i2s_lrclk_pin}
+  i2s_mclk_pin: ${i2s_mclk_pin}
+
+speaker:
+  - platform: i2s_audio
+    id: speaker_id
+    dac_type: external
+    i2s_dout_pin: ${i2s_dout_pin}
+    sample_rate: 48000
+    num_channels: 2
+
+audio_file:
+  - id: test_audio
+    file:
+      type: local
+      path: $component_dir/test.wav
+
+media_source:
+  - platform: audio_file
+    id: audio_file_source
+
+media_player:
+  - platform: speaker_source
+    id: media_player_id
+    name: Media Player
+    volume_increment: 0.02
+    volume_initial: 0.75
+    volume_max: 0.95
+    volume_min: 0.0
+    media_pipeline:
+      speaker: speaker_id
+      format: FLAC
+      num_channels: 1
+      sources:
+        - audio_file_source
+    on_mute:
+      - media_player.pause:
+          id: media_player_id
+    on_unmute:
+      - media_player.play:
+          id: media_player_id
diff --git a/tests/components/speaker_source/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/speaker_source/test.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e2439ebdf2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/speaker_source/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+substitutions:
+  scl_pin: GPIO16
+  sda_pin: GPIO17
+  i2s_bclk_pin: GPIO27
+  i2s_lrclk_pin: GPIO26
+  i2s_mclk_pin: GPIO25
+  i2s_dout_pin: GPIO23
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/speaker_source/test.wav b/tests/components/speaker_source/test.wav
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f9d07ef2238eb2fcb355055466d3789ee1a1fe0b
GIT binary patch
literal 46
ycmWIYbaPW<U|<M$40BD(Em06)U|?WmU}R{pV_;yYWnf@p5MW42EJ<Wy0098Ji3Z~U

literal 0
HcmV?d00001


From 8d988723cdcd18dbe5a464f3065017a3cf64cbcf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Mar 2026 16:38:50 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 519/609] [config] Allow !extend/!remove on components without
 id in schema (#14682)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/voluptuous_schema.py                  |  6 ++
 .../external_components/common.yaml           |  6 +-
 .../external_components/test.esp32-idf.yaml   |  4 +
 tests/unit_tests/test_voluptuous_schema.py    | 86 +++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 100 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/unit_tests/test_voluptuous_schema.py

diff --git a/esphome/voluptuous_schema.py b/esphome/voluptuous_schema.py
index 7220fb307f..0703c54a7a 100644
--- a/esphome/voluptuous_schema.py
+++ b/esphome/voluptuous_schema.py
@@ -175,6 +175,12 @@ class _Schema(vol.Schema):
                 else:
                     if self.extra == vol.ALLOW_EXTRA:
                         out[key] = value
+                    elif key == "id":
+                        # Silently drop 'id' on any dict so that
+                        # !extend / !remove work on every list-based
+                        # config without requiring each component to
+                        # declare an id in its schema.
+                        pass
                     elif self.extra != vol.REMOVE_EXTRA:
                         if isinstance(key, str) and key_names:
                             matches = difflib.get_close_matches(key, key_names)
diff --git a/tests/components/external_components/common.yaml b/tests/components/external_components/common.yaml
index 2b51267ec6..c55129094c 100644
--- a/tests/components/external_components/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/external_components/common.yaml
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 external_components:
-  - source: github://esphome/esphome@dev
+  - id: my_ext
+    source: github://esphome/esphome@dev
     refresh: 1d
     components: [bh1750]
-  - source: ../../../esphome/components
+  - id: my_local
+    source: ../../../esphome/components
     components: [sntp]
diff --git a/tests/components/external_components/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/external_components/test.esp32-idf.yaml
index dade44d145..afe2bd5d6a 100644
--- a/tests/components/external_components/test.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/external_components/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1 +1,5 @@
+# WARNING: Using !extend or !remove prevents automatic component grouping in CI, making builds slower.
 <<: !include common.yaml
+
+external_components:
+  - id: !remove my_local
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_voluptuous_schema.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_voluptuous_schema.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..21c7decede
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_voluptuous_schema.py
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+"""Tests for voluptuous_schema.py."""
+
+import pytest
+import voluptuous as vol
+
+from esphome.voluptuous_schema import _Schema
+
+
+class TestIdKeyDropping:
+    """Test that 'id' keys are silently dropped in PREVENT_EXTRA schemas."""
+
+    def test_id_key_silently_dropped(self):
+        """Schema without 'id' should accept and drop 'id' key from input."""
+        schema = _Schema(
+            {
+                vol.Required("name"): str,
+                vol.Optional("value", default=0): int,
+            }
+        )
+        result = schema({"name": "test", "value": 42, "id": "my_id"})
+        assert result == {"name": "test", "value": 42}
+        assert "id" not in result
+
+    def test_id_key_dropped_with_only_required(self):
+        """Schema with only required keys should still drop 'id'."""
+        schema = _Schema(
+            {
+                vol.Required("source"): str,
+            }
+        )
+        result = schema({"source": "github://test", "id": "my_component"})
+        assert result == {"source": "github://test"}
+
+    def test_other_extra_keys_still_rejected(self):
+        """Non-'id' extra keys should still raise errors."""
+        schema = _Schema(
+            {
+                vol.Required("name"): str,
+            }
+        )
+        with pytest.raises(vol.MultipleInvalid, match="extra keys not allowed"):
+            schema({"name": "test", "unknown_key": "value"})
+
+    def test_id_key_not_dropped_when_in_schema(self):
+        """When 'id' is declared in the schema, it should be validated normally."""
+        schema = _Schema(
+            {
+                vol.Required("id"): str,
+                vol.Required("name"): str,
+            }
+        )
+        result = schema({"id": "my_id", "name": "test"})
+        assert result == {"id": "my_id", "name": "test"}
+
+    def test_id_key_not_dropped_with_allow_extra(self):
+        """With ALLOW_EXTRA, 'id' should be kept (not dropped)."""
+        schema = _Schema(
+            {
+                vol.Required("name"): str,
+            },
+            extra=vol.ALLOW_EXTRA,
+        )
+        result = schema({"name": "test", "id": "my_id"})
+        assert result == {"name": "test", "id": "my_id"}
+
+    def test_id_key_dropped_with_remove_extra(self):
+        """With REMOVE_EXTRA, 'id' should be removed along with other extras."""
+        schema = _Schema(
+            {
+                vol.Required("name"): str,
+            },
+            extra=vol.REMOVE_EXTRA,
+        )
+        result = schema({"name": "test", "id": "my_id", "other": "value"})
+        assert result == {"name": "test"}
+
+    def test_without_id_no_extra_keys(self):
+        """Normal validation without 'id' key should work as before."""
+        schema = _Schema(
+            {
+                vol.Required("name"): str,
+                vol.Optional("value", default=0): int,
+            }
+        )
+        result = schema({"name": "test"})
+        assert result == {"name": "test", "value": 0}

From 6356e3def9dce68f3e815d5bd58d2c42ef4ccb7f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Tue, 10 Mar 2026 10:42:38 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 520/609] [core] Warn on crystal frequency mismatch during
 serial upload (#14582)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/__main__.py           |  58 ++++++++++-
 esphome/util.py               |  45 +++++++--
 tests/unit_tests/test_main.py | 124 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 tests/unit_tests/test_util.py | 175 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 391 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/__main__.py b/esphome/__main__.py
index f33e7f4b42..3f0da85a69 100644
--- a/esphome/__main__.py
+++ b/esphome/__main__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # PYTHON_ARGCOMPLETE_OK
 import argparse
 from collections.abc import Callable
+from contextlib import suppress
 from datetime import datetime
 import functools
 import getpass
@@ -687,6 +688,47 @@ def _check_and_emit_build_info() -> None:
     )
 
 
+def _get_configured_xtal_freq() -> int | None:
+    """Read the configured crystal frequency from the sdkconfig file."""
+    sdkconfig_path = CORE.relative_build_path(f"sdkconfig.{CORE.name}")
+    if not sdkconfig_path.is_file():
+        return None
+    with suppress(OSError, ValueError):
+        content = sdkconfig_path.read_text()
+        for line in content.splitlines():
+            if line.startswith("CONFIG_XTAL_FREQ="):
+                return int(line.split("=", 1)[1])
+    return None
+
+
+def _make_crystal_freq_callback(
+    configured_freq: int,
+) -> Callable[[str], str | None]:
+    """Create a callback that checks esptool crystal frequency output."""
+    crystal_re = re.compile(r"Crystal frequency:\s+(\d+)\s*MHz")
+
+    def check_crystal_line(line: str) -> str | None:
+        if not (match := crystal_re.search(line)):
+            return None
+        detected = int(match.group(1))
+        if detected == configured_freq:
+            return None
+        return (
+            f"\n\033[33mWARNING: Crystal frequency mismatch! "
+            f"Device reports {detected}MHz but firmware is configured "
+            f"for {configured_freq}MHz.\n"
+            f"UART logging and other clock-dependent features will not "
+            f"work correctly.\n"
+            f"Set the correct crystal frequency with sdkconfig_options:\n"
+            f"  esp32:\n"
+            f"    framework:\n"
+            f"      sdkconfig_options:\n"
+            f"        CONFIG_XTAL_FREQ_{detected}: 'y'\033[0m\n\n"
+        )
+
+    return check_crystal_line
+
+
 def upload_using_esptool(
     config: ConfigType, port: str, file: str, speed: int
 ) -> str | int:
@@ -715,6 +757,14 @@ def upload_using_esptool(
 
         mcu = get_esp32_variant().lower()
 
+    line_callbacks: list[Callable[[str], str | None]] = []
+    if (
+        CORE.is_esp32
+        and file is None
+        and (configured_freq := _get_configured_xtal_freq()) is not None
+    ):
+        line_callbacks.append(_make_crystal_freq_callback(configured_freq))
+
     def run_esptool(baud_rate):
         cmd = [
             "esptool",
@@ -739,9 +789,13 @@ def upload_using_esptool(
         if os.environ.get("ESPHOME_USE_SUBPROCESS") is None:
             import esptool
 
-            return run_external_command(esptool.main, *cmd)  # pylint: disable=no-member
+            return run_external_command(
+                esptool.main,  # pylint: disable=no-member
+                *cmd,
+                line_callbacks=line_callbacks,
+            )
 
-        return run_external_process(*cmd)
+        return run_external_process(*cmd, line_callbacks=line_callbacks)
 
     rc = run_esptool(first_baudrate)
     if rc == 0 or first_baudrate == 115200:
diff --git a/esphome/util.py b/esphome/util.py
index 6a21b4f627..73cc3aa5ab 100644
--- a/esphome/util.py
+++ b/esphome/util.py
@@ -125,7 +125,12 @@ ANSI_ESCAPE = re.compile(r"\033[@-_][0-?]*[ -/]*[@-~]")
 
 
 class RedirectText:
-    def __init__(self, out, filter_lines=None):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        out,
+        filter_lines: list[str] | None = None,
+        line_callbacks: list[Callable[[str], str | None]] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
         self._out = out
         if filter_lines is None:
             self._filter_pattern = None
@@ -133,6 +138,7 @@ class RedirectText:
             pattern = r"|".join(r"(?:" + pattern + r")" for pattern in filter_lines)
             self._filter_pattern = re.compile(pattern)
         self._line_buffer = ""
+        self._line_callbacks = line_callbacks or []
 
     def __getattr__(self, item):
         return getattr(self._out, item)
@@ -157,7 +163,7 @@ class RedirectText:
         if not isinstance(s, str):
             s = s.decode()
 
-        if self._filter_pattern is not None:
+        if self._filter_pattern is not None or self._line_callbacks:
             self._line_buffer += s
             lines = self._line_buffer.splitlines(True)
             for line in lines:
@@ -169,7 +175,10 @@ class RedirectText:
 
                 line_without_ansi = ANSI_ESCAPE.sub("", line)
                 line_without_end = line_without_ansi.rstrip()
-                if self._filter_pattern.match(line_without_end) is not None:
+                if (
+                    self._filter_pattern is not None
+                    and self._filter_pattern.match(line_without_end) is not None
+                ):
                     # Filter pattern matched, ignore the line
                     continue
 
@@ -181,6 +190,9 @@ class RedirectText:
                     and (help_msg := get_esp32_arduino_flash_error_help())
                 ):
                     self._write_color_replace(help_msg)
+                for callback in self._line_callbacks:
+                    if msg := callback(line_without_end):
+                        self._write_color_replace(msg)
         else:
             self._write_color_replace(s)
 
@@ -194,7 +206,11 @@ class RedirectText:
 
 
 def run_external_command(
-    func, *cmd, capture_stdout: bool = False, filter_lines: str = None
+    func,
+    *cmd,
+    capture_stdout: bool = False,
+    filter_lines: list[str] | None = None,
+    line_callbacks: list[Callable[[str], str | None]] | None = None,
 ) -> int | str:
     """
     Run a function from an external package that acts like a main method.
@@ -204,7 +220,9 @@ def run_external_command(
     :param func: Function to execute
     :param cmd: Command to run as (eg first element of sys.argv)
     :param capture_stdout: Capture text from stdout and return that.
-    :param filter_lines: Regular expression used to filter captured output.
+        Note: line_callbacks are not invoked when capture_stdout is True.
+    :param filter_lines: Regular expressions used to filter captured output.
+    :param line_callbacks: Callbacks invoked per line; non-None returns are written to output.
     :return: str if `capture_stdout` is set else int exit code.
 
     """
@@ -218,9 +236,13 @@ def run_external_command(
     _LOGGER.debug("Running:  %s", full_cmd)
 
     orig_stdout = sys.stdout
-    sys.stdout = RedirectText(sys.stdout, filter_lines=filter_lines)
+    sys.stdout = RedirectText(
+        sys.stdout, filter_lines=filter_lines, line_callbacks=line_callbacks
+    )
     orig_stderr = sys.stderr
-    sys.stderr = RedirectText(sys.stderr, filter_lines=filter_lines)
+    sys.stderr = RedirectText(
+        sys.stderr, filter_lines=filter_lines, line_callbacks=line_callbacks
+    )
 
     if capture_stdout:
         cap_stdout = sys.stdout = io.StringIO()
@@ -254,14 +276,19 @@ def run_external_process(*cmd: str, **kwargs: Any) -> int | str:
     full_cmd = " ".join(shlex_quote(x) for x in cmd)
     _LOGGER.debug("Running:  %s", full_cmd)
     filter_lines = kwargs.get("filter_lines")
+    line_callbacks = kwargs.get("line_callbacks")
 
     capture_stdout = kwargs.get("capture_stdout", False)
     if capture_stdout:
         sub_stdout = subprocess.PIPE
     else:
-        sub_stdout = RedirectText(sys.stdout, filter_lines=filter_lines)
+        sub_stdout = RedirectText(
+            sys.stdout, filter_lines=filter_lines, line_callbacks=line_callbacks
+        )
 
-    sub_stderr = RedirectText(sys.stderr, filter_lines=filter_lines)
+    sub_stderr = RedirectText(
+        sys.stderr, filter_lines=filter_lines, line_callbacks=line_callbacks
+    )
 
     try:
         proc = subprocess.run(
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_main.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_main.py
index b6f1a28086..b853461151 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_main.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_main.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from collections.abc import Generator
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 import json
 import logging
+import os
 from pathlib import Path
 import re
 import sys
@@ -19,6 +20,8 @@ from pytest import CaptureFixture
 from esphome import platformio_api
 from esphome.__main__ import (
     Purpose,
+    _get_configured_xtal_freq,
+    _make_crystal_freq_callback,
     choose_upload_log_host,
     command_analyze_memory,
     command_clean_all,
@@ -3717,3 +3720,124 @@ esp32:
         clean_output.split("SUMMARY")[1] if "SUMMARY" in clean_output else ""
     )
     assert "secrets.yaml" not in summary_section
+
+
+def test_get_configured_xtal_freq_reads_sdkconfig(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Test reading XTAL_FREQ from sdkconfig."""
+    CORE.name = "test-device"
+    CORE.build_path = tmp_path
+    sdkconfig = tmp_path / "sdkconfig.test-device"
+    sdkconfig.write_text(
+        "CONFIG_SOC_XTAL_SUPPORT_26M=y\nCONFIG_XTAL_FREQ=26\nCONFIG_XTAL_FREQ_26=y\n"
+    )
+    assert _get_configured_xtal_freq() == 26
+
+
+def test_get_configured_xtal_freq_default_40(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Test reading default 40MHz XTAL_FREQ from sdkconfig."""
+    CORE.name = "test-device"
+    CORE.build_path = tmp_path
+    sdkconfig = tmp_path / "sdkconfig.test-device"
+    sdkconfig.write_text("CONFIG_XTAL_FREQ=40\nCONFIG_XTAL_FREQ_40=y\n")
+    assert _get_configured_xtal_freq() == 40
+
+
+def test_get_configured_xtal_freq_missing_file(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Test that missing sdkconfig returns None."""
+    CORE.name = "test-device"
+    CORE.build_path = tmp_path
+    assert _get_configured_xtal_freq() is None
+
+
+def test_get_configured_xtal_freq_no_xtal_line(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Test that sdkconfig without XTAL_FREQ returns None."""
+    CORE.name = "test-device"
+    CORE.build_path = tmp_path
+    sdkconfig = tmp_path / "sdkconfig.test-device"
+    sdkconfig.write_text("CONFIG_OTHER=123\n")
+    assert _get_configured_xtal_freq() is None
+
+
+def test_crystal_freq_callback_mismatch() -> None:
+    """Test callback returns warning on crystal frequency mismatch."""
+    callback = _make_crystal_freq_callback(40)
+    result = callback("Crystal frequency:  26MHz")
+    assert result is not None
+    assert "26MHz" in result
+    assert "40MHz" in result
+    assert "CONFIG_XTAL_FREQ_26" in result
+
+
+def test_crystal_freq_callback_match() -> None:
+    """Test callback returns None when frequencies match."""
+    callback = _make_crystal_freq_callback(40)
+    result = callback("Crystal frequency:  40MHz")
+    assert result is None
+
+
+def test_crystal_freq_callback_no_crystal_line() -> None:
+    """Test callback returns None for unrelated lines."""
+    callback = _make_crystal_freq_callback(40)
+    assert callback("Chip type: ESP8684H") is None
+    assert callback("MAC: a0:b7:65:8b:16:d4") is None
+    assert callback("") is None
+
+
+def test_upload_using_esptool_passes_crystal_callback(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    mock_run_external_command_main: Mock,
+    mock_get_idedata: Mock,
+) -> None:
+    """Test that upload_using_esptool passes crystal freq callback for ESP32."""
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_ESP32, tmp_path=tmp_path, name="test")
+    CORE.data[KEY_ESP32] = {KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32}
+
+    # Create sdkconfig with XTAL_FREQ
+    build_dir = Path(CORE.build_path)
+    build_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    sdkconfig = build_dir / "sdkconfig.test"
+    sdkconfig.write_text("CONFIG_XTAL_FREQ=40\n")
+
+    mock_idedata = MagicMock(spec=platformio_api.IDEData)
+    mock_idedata.firmware_bin_path = tmp_path / "firmware.bin"
+    mock_idedata.extra_flash_images = []
+    mock_get_idedata.return_value = mock_idedata
+    (tmp_path / "firmware.bin").touch()
+
+    config = {CONF_ESPHOME: {"platformio_options": {}}}
+    upload_using_esptool(config, "/dev/ttyUSB0", None, None)
+
+    # Verify line_callbacks was passed with the crystal callback
+    call_kwargs = mock_run_external_command_main.call_args[1]
+    assert "line_callbacks" in call_kwargs
+    assert len(call_kwargs["line_callbacks"]) == 1
+
+
+def test_upload_using_esptool_subprocess_passes_crystal_callback(
+    mock_run_external_process: Mock,
+    mock_get_idedata: Mock,
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """Test that crystal freq callback is passed via run_external_process."""
+    setup_core(platform=PLATFORM_ESP32, tmp_path=tmp_path, name="test")
+    CORE.data[KEY_ESP32] = {KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32}
+
+    # Create sdkconfig with XTAL_FREQ
+    build_dir = Path(CORE.build_path)
+    build_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    sdkconfig = build_dir / "sdkconfig.test"
+    sdkconfig.write_text("CONFIG_XTAL_FREQ=40\n")
+
+    mock_idedata = MagicMock(spec=platformio_api.IDEData)
+    mock_idedata.firmware_bin_path = tmp_path / "firmware.bin"
+    mock_idedata.extra_flash_images = []
+    mock_get_idedata.return_value = mock_idedata
+    (tmp_path / "firmware.bin").touch()
+
+    config = {CONF_ESPHOME: {"platformio_options": {}}}
+    with patch.dict(os.environ, {"ESPHOME_USE_SUBPROCESS": "1"}):
+        upload_using_esptool(config, "/dev/ttyUSB0", None, None)
+
+    call_kwargs = mock_run_external_process.call_args[1]
+    assert "line_callbacks" in call_kwargs
+    assert len(call_kwargs["line_callbacks"]) == 1
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_util.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_util.py
index ca3fd9b78a..ff58fb1394 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_util.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_util.py
@@ -2,9 +2,12 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from collections.abc import Callable
+import io
 from pathlib import Path
 import subprocess
 import sys
+from typing import Any
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 
 import pytest
@@ -407,6 +410,178 @@ def test_shlex_quote_edge_cases() -> None:
     assert util.shlex_quote("   ") == "'   '"
 
 
+def _make_redirect(
+    line_callbacks: list[Callable[[str], str | None]] | None = None,
+    filter_lines: list[str] | None = None,
+) -> tuple[util.RedirectText, io.StringIO]:
+    """Create a RedirectText that writes to a StringIO buffer."""
+    buf = io.StringIO()
+    redirect = util.RedirectText(
+        buf, filter_lines=filter_lines, line_callbacks=line_callbacks
+    )
+    return redirect, buf
+
+
+def test_redirect_text_callback_called_on_matching_line() -> None:
+    """Test that a line callback is called and its output is written."""
+    results: list[str] = []
+
+    def callback(line: str) -> str | None:
+        results.append(line)
+        if "target" in line:
+            return "CALLBACK OUTPUT\n"
+        return None
+
+    redirect, buf = _make_redirect(line_callbacks=[callback])
+    redirect.write("some target line\n")
+
+    assert "some target line" in buf.getvalue()
+    assert "CALLBACK OUTPUT" in buf.getvalue()
+    assert len(results) == 1
+
+
+def test_redirect_text_callback_not_triggered_on_non_matching_line() -> None:
+    """Test that callback returns None for non-matching lines."""
+
+    def callback(line: str) -> str | None:
+        if "target" in line:
+            return "FOUND\n"
+        return None
+
+    redirect, buf = _make_redirect(line_callbacks=[callback])
+    redirect.write("no match here\n")
+
+    assert "no match here" in buf.getvalue()
+    assert "FOUND" not in buf.getvalue()
+
+
+def test_redirect_text_callback_works_without_filter_pattern() -> None:
+    """Test that callbacks fire even when no filter_lines is set."""
+
+    def callback(line: str) -> str | None:
+        if "Crystal" in line:
+            return "WARNING: mismatch\n"
+        return None
+
+    redirect, buf = _make_redirect(line_callbacks=[callback])
+    redirect.write("Crystal frequency:  26MHz\n")
+
+    assert "Crystal frequency:  26MHz" in buf.getvalue()
+    assert "WARNING: mismatch" in buf.getvalue()
+
+
+def test_redirect_text_callback_works_with_filter_pattern() -> None:
+    """Test that callbacks fire alongside filter patterns."""
+
+    def callback(line: str) -> str | None:
+        if "important" in line:
+            return "NOTED\n"
+        return None
+
+    redirect, buf = _make_redirect(
+        line_callbacks=[callback],
+        filter_lines=[r"^skip this.*"],
+    )
+    redirect.write("skip this line\n")
+    redirect.write("important line\n")
+
+    assert "skip this" not in buf.getvalue()
+    assert "important line" in buf.getvalue()
+    assert "NOTED" in buf.getvalue()
+
+
+def test_redirect_text_multiple_callbacks() -> None:
+    """Test that multiple callbacks are all invoked."""
+
+    def callback_a(line: str) -> str | None:
+        if "test" in line:
+            return "FROM A\n"
+        return None
+
+    def callback_b(line: str) -> str | None:
+        if "test" in line:
+            return "FROM B\n"
+        return None
+
+    redirect, buf = _make_redirect(line_callbacks=[callback_a, callback_b])
+    redirect.write("test line\n")
+
+    output = buf.getvalue()
+    assert "FROM A" in output
+    assert "FROM B" in output
+
+
+def test_redirect_text_incomplete_line_buffered() -> None:
+    """Test that incomplete lines are buffered until newline."""
+    results: list[str] = []
+
+    def callback(line: str) -> str | None:
+        results.append(line)
+        return None
+
+    redirect, buf = _make_redirect(line_callbacks=[callback])
+    redirect.write("partial")
+    assert len(results) == 0
+
+    redirect.write(" line\n")
+    assert len(results) == 1
+    assert results[0] == "partial line"
+
+
+def test_run_external_command_line_callbacks(capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture) -> None:
+    """Test that run_external_command passes line_callbacks to RedirectText."""
+    results: list[str] = []
+
+    def callback(line: str) -> str | None:
+        results.append(line)
+        if "hello" in line:
+            return "CALLBACK FIRED\n"
+        return None
+
+    def fake_main() -> int:
+        print("hello world")
+        return 0
+
+    rc = util.run_external_command(fake_main, "fake", line_callbacks=[callback])
+
+    assert rc == 0
+    assert len(results) == 1
+    assert "hello world" in results[0]
+    captured = capsys.readouterr()
+    assert "CALLBACK FIRED" in captured.out
+
+
+def test_run_external_process_line_callbacks() -> None:
+    """Test that run_external_process passes line_callbacks to RedirectText."""
+    results: list[str] = []
+
+    def callback(line: str) -> str | None:
+        results.append(line)
+        if "from subprocess" in line:
+            return "PROCESS CALLBACK\n"
+        return None
+
+    with patch("esphome.util.subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+
+        def run_side_effect(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> MagicMock:
+            # Simulate subprocess writing to the stdout RedirectText
+            stdout = kwargs.get("stdout")
+            if stdout is not None and isinstance(stdout, util.RedirectText):
+                stdout.write("from subprocess\n")
+            return MagicMock(returncode=0)
+
+        mock_run.side_effect = run_side_effect
+
+        rc = util.run_external_process(
+            "echo",
+            "test",
+            line_callbacks=[callback],
+        )
+
+    assert rc == 0
+    assert any("from subprocess" in r for r in results)
+
+
 def test_get_picotool_path_found(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     """Test picotool path derivation from cc_path."""
     # Create the expected directory structure

From 9513edc46875904c9638133c9feb612de9301c62 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: CFlix <38142312+CFlix@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Mar 2026 22:17:13 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 521/609] [dew_point] Add dew_point sensor component (#14441)

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci-lite[bot] <117423508+pre-commit-ci-lite[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 CODEOWNERS                                    |  1 +
 esphome/components/dew_point/__init__.py      |  1 +
 esphome/components/dew_point/dew_point.cpp    | 82 +++++++++++++++++++
 esphome/components/dew_point/dew_point.h      | 26 ++++++
 esphome/components/dew_point/sensor.py        | 46 +++++++++++
 tests/components/dew_point/common.yaml        | 19 +++++
 .../components/dew_point/test.esp32-idf.yaml  |  1 +
 .../dew_point/test.esp8266-ard.yaml           |  1 +
 .../components/dew_point/test.rp2040-ard.yaml |  1 +
 9 files changed, 178 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/dew_point/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/dew_point/dew_point.cpp
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/dew_point/dew_point.h
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/dew_point/sensor.py
 create mode 100644 tests/components/dew_point/common.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/components/dew_point/test.esp32-idf.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/components/dew_point/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/components/dew_point/test.rp2040-ard.yaml

diff --git a/CODEOWNERS b/CODEOWNERS
index 12aff01e73..e72b164761 100644
--- a/CODEOWNERS
+++ b/CODEOWNERS
@@ -132,6 +132,7 @@ esphome/components/dashboard_import/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/datetime/* @jesserockz @rfdarter
 esphome/components/debug/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/delonghi/* @grob6000
+esphome/components/dew_point/* @CFlix
 esphome/components/dfplayer/* @glmnet
 esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/* @niklasweber
 esphome/components/dht/* @OttoWinter
diff --git a/esphome/components/dew_point/__init__.py b/esphome/components/dew_point/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3b852436c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/dew_point/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+CODEOWNERS = ["@CFlix"]
diff --git a/esphome/components/dew_point/dew_point.cpp b/esphome/components/dew_point/dew_point.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..04ac305e3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/dew_point/dew_point.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+
+#include "dew_point.h"
+
+namespace esphome::dew_point {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "dew_point.sensor";
+
+void DewPointComponent::setup() {
+  // Register callbacks for sensor updates
+  if (this->temperature_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    this->temperature_sensor_->add_on_state_callback([this](float state) {
+      this->temperature_value_ = state;
+      this->enable_loop();
+    });
+    // Get initial value
+    if (this->temperature_sensor_->has_state()) {
+      this->temperature_value_ = this->temperature_sensor_->get_state();
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (this->humidity_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    this->humidity_sensor_->add_on_state_callback([this](float state) {
+      this->humidity_value_ = state;
+      this->enable_loop();
+    });
+    // Get initial value
+    if (this->humidity_sensor_->has_state()) {
+      this->humidity_value_ = this->humidity_sensor_->get_state();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void DewPointComponent::dump_config() {
+  LOG_SENSOR("", "Dew Point", this);
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "Sources\n"
+                "  Temperature: '%s'\n"
+                "  Humidity: '%s'",
+                this->temperature_sensor_->get_name().c_str(), this->humidity_sensor_->get_name().c_str());
+}
+
+float DewPointComponent::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::DATA; }
+
+void DewPointComponent::loop() {
+  // Only run once
+  this->disable_loop();
+
+  // Check if we have valid values for both sensors
+  if (std::isnan(this->temperature_value_) || std::isnan(this->humidity_value_)) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Temperature or humidity value is NaN, skipping calculation");
+    this->publish_state(NAN);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Check for valid humidity range
+  if (this->humidity_value_ <= 0.0f || this->humidity_value_ > 100.0f) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Humidity value out of range (0-100): %.2f", this->humidity_value_);
+    this->publish_state(NAN);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Magnus formula constants
+  const float a{17.625f};
+  const float b{243.04f};
+
+  // Calculate dew point using Magnus formula
+  // Td = (b * alpha) / (a - alpha)
+  // where alpha = ln(RH/100) + (a * T) / (b + T)
+
+  const float alpha{std::log(this->humidity_value_ / 100.0f) +
+                    (a * this->temperature_value_) / (b + this->temperature_value_)};
+
+  const float dew_point{(b * alpha) / (a - alpha)};
+
+  // Publish the calculated dew point
+  this->publish_state(dew_point);
+
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s' >> %.1f°C (T: %.1f°C, RH: %.1f%%)", this->get_name().c_str(), dew_point, this->temperature_value_,
+           this->humidity_value_);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::dew_point
diff --git a/esphome/components/dew_point/dew_point.h b/esphome/components/dew_point/dew_point.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..833c50fba2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/dew_point/dew_point.h
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
+
+namespace esphome::dew_point {
+
+class DewPointComponent : public Component, public sensor::Sensor {
+ public:
+  void set_temperature_sensor(sensor::Sensor *temperature_sensor) { this->temperature_sensor_ = temperature_sensor; }
+  void set_humidity_sensor(sensor::Sensor *humidity_sensor) { this->humidity_sensor_ = humidity_sensor; }
+
+  void setup() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  void loop() override;
+
+  float get_setup_priority() const override;
+
+ protected:
+  sensor::Sensor *temperature_sensor_{nullptr};
+  sensor::Sensor *humidity_sensor_{nullptr};
+  float temperature_value_{NAN};
+  float humidity_value_{NAN};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::dew_point
diff --git a/esphome/components/dew_point/sensor.py b/esphome/components/dew_point/sensor.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4fee095602
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/dew_point/sensor.py
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import sensor
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_HUMIDITY,
+    CONF_TEMPERATURE,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
+    STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+    UNIT_CELSIUS,
+)
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["sensor"]
+
+dew_point_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("dew_point")
+DewPointComponent = dew_point_ns.class_(
+    "DewPointComponent", cg.Component, sensor.Sensor
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    sensor.sensor_schema(
+        DewPointComponent,
+        unit_of_measurement=UNIT_CELSIUS,
+        accuracy_decimals=1,
+        device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
+        state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+        icon="mdi:weather-rainy",
+    )
+    .extend(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_TEMPERATURE): cv.use_id(sensor.Sensor),
+            cv.Required(CONF_HUMIDITY): cv.use_id(sensor.Sensor),
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    var = await sensor.new_sensor(config)
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+
+    temperature_sensor = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_TEMPERATURE])
+    cg.add(var.set_temperature_sensor(temperature_sensor))
+
+    humidity_sensor = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_HUMIDITY])
+    cg.add(var.set_humidity_sensor(humidity_sensor))
diff --git a/tests/components/dew_point/common.yaml b/tests/components/dew_point/common.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..527eeb2f84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/dew_point/common.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: dew_point
+    name: Dew Point
+    temperature: template_temperature
+    humidity: template_humidity
+  - platform: template
+    id: template_humidity
+    lambda: |-
+      if (millis() > 10000) {
+        return 0.6;
+      }
+      return 0.0;
+  - platform: template
+    id: template_temperature
+    lambda: |-
+      if (millis() > 10000) {
+        return 42.0;
+      }
+      return 0.0;
diff --git a/tests/components/dew_point/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/dew_point/test.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dade44d145
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/dew_point/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/dew_point/test.esp8266-ard.yaml b/tests/components/dew_point/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dade44d145
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/dew_point/test.esp8266-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/dew_point/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/dew_point/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dade44d145
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/dew_point/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<<: !include common.yaml

From 30c8c6870383f5c5e6d3f47328b3b685fc8a1518 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Tue, 10 Mar 2026 11:22:23 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 522/609] [socket] Fix RP2040 TCP race condition between lwip
 callbacks and main loop (#14679)

---
 esphome/components/rp2040/helpers.cpp         | 16 +++++-
 .../components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp   | 52 +++++++++++++++++++
 esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.h |  6 +++
 3 files changed, 73 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/helpers.cpp b/esphome/components/rp2040/helpers.cpp
index 30b40a723a..4191c2164a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/helpers.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/helpers.cpp
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 
 #if defined(USE_WIFI)
 #include <WiFi.h>
+#include <pico/cyw43_arch.h>  // For cyw43_arch_lwip_begin/end (LwIPLock)
 #endif
 #include <hardware/structs/rosc.h>
 #include <hardware/sync.h>
@@ -44,9 +45,22 @@ void Mutex::unlock() {}
 IRAM_ATTR InterruptLock::InterruptLock() { state_ = save_and_disable_interrupts(); }
 IRAM_ATTR InterruptLock::~InterruptLock() { restore_interrupts(state_); }
 
-// RP2040 doesn't support lwIP core locking, so this is a no-op
+// On RP2040 (Pico W), arduino-pico sets PICO_CYW43_ARCH_THREADSAFE_BACKGROUND=1.
+// This means lwip callbacks run from a low-priority user IRQ context, not the
+// main loop (see low_priority_irq_handler() in pico-sdk
+// async_context_threadsafe_background.c). cyw43_arch_lwip_begin/end acquires the
+// async_context recursive mutex to prevent IRQ callbacks from firing during
+// critical sections. See esphome#10681.
+//
+// When CYW43 is not available (non-WiFi RP2040 boards), this is a no-op since
+// there's no network stack and no lwip callbacks to race with.
+#if defined(USE_WIFI)
+LwIPLock::LwIPLock() { cyw43_arch_lwip_begin(); }
+LwIPLock::~LwIPLock() { cyw43_arch_lwip_end(); }
+#else
 LwIPLock::LwIPLock() {}
 LwIPLock::~LwIPLock() {}
+#endif
 
 void get_mac_address_raw(uint8_t *mac) {  // NOLINT(readability-non-const-parameter)
 #ifdef USE_WIFI
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp
index 445a57809d..d7fa6a2694 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp
@@ -111,6 +111,24 @@ void socket_wake() {
 }
 #endif
 
+// ---- LWIP thread safety ----
+//
+// On RP2040 (Pico W), arduino-pico sets PICO_CYW43_ARCH_THREADSAFE_BACKGROUND=1.
+// This means lwip callbacks (recv_fn, accept_fn, err_fn) run from a low-priority
+// user IRQ context, not the main loop (see low_priority_irq_handler() in pico-sdk
+// async_context_threadsafe_background.c). They can preempt main-loop code at any point.
+//
+// Without locking, this causes race conditions between recv_fn and read() on the
+// shared rx_buf_ pbuf chain — recv_fn calls pbuf_cat() while read() is freeing
+// nodes, leading to use-after-free and infinite-loop crashes. See esphome#10681.
+//
+// On ESP8266, lwip callbacks run from the SYS context which cooperates with user
+// code (CONT context) — they never preempt each other, so no locking is needed.
+//
+// esphome::LwIPLock is the platform-provided RAII guard (see helpers.h/helpers.cpp).
+// On RP2040, it acquires cyw43_arch_lwip_begin/end. On ESP8266, it's a no-op.
+#define LWIP_LOCK() esphome::LwIPLock lwip_lock_guard  // NOLINT
+
 static const char *const TAG = "socket.lwip";
 
 // set to 1 to enable verbose lwip logging
@@ -123,6 +141,7 @@ static const char *const TAG = "socket.lwip";
 // ---- LWIPRawCommon methods ----
 
 LWIPRawCommon::~LWIPRawCommon() {
+  LWIP_LOCK();
   if (this->pcb_ != nullptr) {
     LWIP_LOG("tcp_abort(%p)", this->pcb_);
     tcp_abort(this->pcb_);
@@ -131,6 +150,7 @@ LWIPRawCommon::~LWIPRawCommon() {
 }
 
 int LWIPRawCommon::bind(const struct sockaddr *name, socklen_t addrlen) {
+  LWIP_LOCK();
   if (this->pcb_ == nullptr) {
     errno = EBADF;
     return -1;
@@ -196,6 +216,7 @@ int LWIPRawCommon::bind(const struct sockaddr *name, socklen_t addrlen) {
 }
 
 int LWIPRawCommon::close() {
+  LWIP_LOCK();
   if (this->pcb_ == nullptr) {
     errno = ECONNRESET;
     return -1;
@@ -214,6 +235,7 @@ int LWIPRawCommon::close() {
 }
 
 int LWIPRawCommon::shutdown(int how) {
+  LWIP_LOCK();
   if (this->pcb_ == nullptr) {
     errno = ECONNRESET;
     return -1;
@@ -240,6 +262,7 @@ int LWIPRawCommon::shutdown(int how) {
 }
 
 int LWIPRawCommon::getpeername(struct sockaddr *name, socklen_t *addrlen) {
+  LWIP_LOCK();
   if (this->pcb_ == nullptr) {
     errno = ECONNRESET;
     return -1;
@@ -252,6 +275,7 @@ int LWIPRawCommon::getpeername(struct sockaddr *name, socklen_t *addrlen) {
 }
 
 int LWIPRawCommon::getsockname(struct sockaddr *name, socklen_t *addrlen) {
+  LWIP_LOCK();
   if (this->pcb_ == nullptr) {
     errno = ECONNRESET;
     return -1;
@@ -284,6 +308,7 @@ size_t LWIPRawCommon::getsockname_to(std::span<char, SOCKADDR_STR_LEN> buf) {
 }
 
 int LWIPRawCommon::getsockopt(int level, int optname, void *optval, socklen_t *optlen) {
+  LWIP_LOCK();
   if (this->pcb_ == nullptr) {
     errno = ECONNRESET;
     return -1;
@@ -318,6 +343,7 @@ int LWIPRawCommon::getsockopt(int level, int optname, void *optval, socklen_t *o
 }
 
 int LWIPRawCommon::setsockopt(int level, int optname, const void *optval, socklen_t optlen) {
+  LWIP_LOCK();
   if (this->pcb_ == nullptr) {
     errno = ECONNRESET;
     return -1;
@@ -388,6 +414,7 @@ int LWIPRawCommon::ip2sockaddr_(ip_addr_t *ip, uint16_t port, struct sockaddr *n
 // ---- LWIPRawImpl methods ----
 
 LWIPRawImpl::~LWIPRawImpl() {
+  LWIP_LOCK();
   // Free any received pbufs that LWIP transferred ownership of via recv_fn.
   // tcp_abort() in the base destructor won't free these since LWIP considers
   // ownership transferred once the recv callback accepts them.
@@ -399,6 +426,7 @@ LWIPRawImpl::~LWIPRawImpl() {
 }
 
 void LWIPRawImpl::init() {
+  LWIP_LOCK();
   LWIP_LOG("init(%p)", this->pcb_);
   tcp_arg(this->pcb_, this);
   tcp_recv(this->pcb_, LWIPRawImpl::s_recv_fn);
@@ -406,6 +434,9 @@ void LWIPRawImpl::init() {
 }
 
 void LWIPRawImpl::s_err_fn(void *arg, err_t err) {
+  // Called by lwip core which already holds the async_context lock on RP2040.
+  // No LWIP_LOCK() needed — acquiring it would be redundant (recursive mutex).
+  //
   // "If a connection is aborted because of an error, the application is alerted of this event by
   // the err callback."
   // pcb is already freed when this callback is called
@@ -422,6 +453,7 @@ err_t LWIPRawImpl::s_recv_fn(void *arg, struct tcp_pcb *pcb, struct pbuf *pb, er
 }
 
 err_t LWIPRawImpl::recv_fn(struct pbuf *pb, err_t err) {
+  // Called by lwip core which already holds the async_context lock on RP2040.
   LWIP_LOG("recv(pb=%p err=%d)", pb, err);
   if (err != 0) {
     // "An error code if there has been an error receiving Only return ERR_ABRT if you have
@@ -448,6 +480,7 @@ err_t LWIPRawImpl::recv_fn(struct pbuf *pb, err_t err) {
 }
 
 ssize_t LWIPRawImpl::read(void *buf, size_t len) {
+  LWIP_LOCK();
   if (this->pcb_ == nullptr) {
     errno = ECONNRESET;
     return -1;
@@ -507,6 +540,7 @@ ssize_t LWIPRawImpl::read(void *buf, size_t len) {
 }
 
 ssize_t LWIPRawImpl::readv(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt) {
+  LWIP_LOCK();  // Hold for entire scatter-gather operation
   ssize_t ret = 0;
   for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
     ssize_t err = this->read(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base), iov[i].iov_len);
@@ -525,6 +559,7 @@ ssize_t LWIPRawImpl::readv(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt) {
 }
 
 ssize_t LWIPRawImpl::internal_write_(const void *buf, size_t len) {
+  LWIP_LOCK();
   if (this->pcb_ == nullptr) {
     errno = ECONNRESET;
     return -1;
@@ -557,6 +592,11 @@ ssize_t LWIPRawImpl::internal_write_(const void *buf, size_t len) {
 }
 
 int LWIPRawImpl::internal_output_() {
+  LWIP_LOCK();
+  if (this->pcb_ == nullptr) {
+    errno = ECONNRESET;
+    return -1;
+  }
   LWIP_LOG("tcp_output(%p)", this->pcb_);
   err_t err = tcp_output(this->pcb_);
   if (err == ERR_ABRT) {
@@ -576,6 +616,7 @@ int LWIPRawImpl::internal_output_() {
 }
 
 ssize_t LWIPRawImpl::write(const void *buf, size_t len) {
+  LWIP_LOCK();  // Hold for write + optional output
   ssize_t written = this->internal_write_(buf, len);
   if (written == -1)
     return -1;
@@ -592,6 +633,7 @@ ssize_t LWIPRawImpl::write(const void *buf, size_t len) {
 }
 
 ssize_t LWIPRawImpl::writev(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt) {
+  LWIP_LOCK();  // Hold for entire scatter-gather operation
   ssize_t written = 0;
   for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
     ssize_t err = this->internal_write_(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base), iov[i].iov_len);
@@ -621,6 +663,7 @@ ssize_t LWIPRawImpl::writev(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt) {
 // ---- LWIPRawListenImpl methods ----
 
 LWIPRawListenImpl::~LWIPRawListenImpl() {
+  LWIP_LOCK();
   // Listen PCBs must use tcp_close(), not tcp_abort().
   // tcp_abandon() asserts pcb->state != LISTEN and would access
   // fields that don't exist in the smaller tcp_pcb_listen struct.
@@ -632,6 +675,7 @@ LWIPRawListenImpl::~LWIPRawListenImpl() {
 }
 
 void LWIPRawListenImpl::init() {
+  LWIP_LOCK();
   LWIP_LOG("init(%p)", this->pcb_);
   tcp_arg(this->pcb_, this);
   tcp_accept(this->pcb_, LWIPRawListenImpl::s_accept_fn);
@@ -639,6 +683,7 @@ void LWIPRawListenImpl::init() {
 }
 
 void LWIPRawListenImpl::s_err_fn(void *arg, err_t err) {
+  // Called by lwip core which already holds the async_context lock on RP2040.
   auto *arg_this = reinterpret_cast<LWIPRawListenImpl *>(arg);
   ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "socket %p: err(err=%d)", arg_this, err);
   arg_this->pcb_ = nullptr;
@@ -650,6 +695,7 @@ err_t LWIPRawListenImpl::s_accept_fn(void *arg, struct tcp_pcb *newpcb, err_t er
 }
 
 std::unique_ptr<LWIPRawImpl> LWIPRawListenImpl::accept(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen) {
+  LWIP_LOCK();
   if (this->pcb_ == nullptr) {
     errno = EBADF;
     return nullptr;
@@ -674,6 +720,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<LWIPRawImpl> LWIPRawListenImpl::accept(struct sockaddr *addr, so
 }
 
 int LWIPRawListenImpl::listen(int backlog) {
+  LWIP_LOCK();
   if (this->pcb_ == nullptr) {
     errno = EBADF;
     return -1;
@@ -699,6 +746,7 @@ int LWIPRawListenImpl::listen(int backlog) {
 }
 
 err_t LWIPRawListenImpl::accept_fn_(struct tcp_pcb *newpcb, err_t err) {
+  // Called by lwip core which already holds the async_context lock on RP2040.
   LWIP_LOG("accept(newpcb=%p err=%d)", newpcb, err);
   if (err != ERR_OK || newpcb == nullptr) {
     // "An error code if there has been an error accepting. Only return ERR_ABRT if you have
@@ -734,6 +782,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<Socket> socket(int domain, int type, int protocol) {
     errno = EPROTOTYPE;
     return nullptr;
   }
+  LWIP_LOCK();
   auto *pcb = tcp_new();
   if (pcb == nullptr)
     return nullptr;
@@ -753,6 +802,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<ListenSocket> socket_listen(int domain, int type, int protocol)
     errno = EPROTOTYPE;
     return nullptr;
   }
+  LWIP_LOCK();
   auto *pcb = tcp_new();
   if (pcb == nullptr)
     return nullptr;
@@ -766,6 +816,8 @@ std::unique_ptr<ListenSocket> socket_listen_loop_monitored(int domain, int type,
   return socket_listen(domain, type, protocol);
 }
 
+#undef LWIP_LOCK
+
 }  // namespace esphome::socket
 
 #endif  // USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.h b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.h
index c171e0537f..5b2c11cfe2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.h
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.h
@@ -95,8 +95,13 @@ class LWIPRawImpl : public LWIPRawCommon {
     errno = ENOSYS;
     return -1;
   }
+  // Intentionally unlocked — this is a polling check called every loop iteration.
+  // A stale read at worst delays processing by one loop tick; the actual I/O in
+  // read() holds the lwip lock and re-checks properly. See esphome#10681.
   bool ready() const { return this->rx_buf_ != nullptr || this->rx_closed_ || this->pcb_ == nullptr; }
 
+  // No lock needed — only called during setup before callbacks are registered.
+  // A stale pcb_ read is benign (returns ECONNRESET, which the caller handles).
   int setblocking(bool blocking) {
     if (this->pcb_ == nullptr) {
       errno = ECONNRESET;
@@ -134,6 +139,7 @@ class LWIPRawListenImpl : public LWIPRawCommon {
 
   void init();
 
+  // Intentionally unlocked — polling check, see LWIPRawImpl::ready() comment.
   bool ready() const { return this->accepted_socket_count_ > 0; }
 
   std::unique_ptr<LWIPRawImpl> accept(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen);

From dcbf3c8728a1a0040e0f2899a6bfc899888f0e9e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Thomas Rupprecht <rupprecht.thomas@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Mar 2026 23:18:35 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 523/609] [esp32] gpio type improvements (#14517)

---
 esphome/components/esp32/gpio.py           | 4 ++--
 esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32.py     | 5 +++--
 esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_c2.py  | 5 +++--
 esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_c3.py  | 5 +++--
 esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_c5.py  | 5 +++--
 esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_c6.py  | 5 +++--
 esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_c61.py | 5 +++--
 esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_h2.py  | 5 +++--
 esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_p4.py  | 5 +++--
 esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_s2.py  | 5 +++--
 esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_s3.py  | 5 +++--
 11 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio.py b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio.py
index c0803f40a8..a7180cbcd7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio.py
@@ -88,8 +88,8 @@ def _translate_pin(value):
 
 @dataclass
 class ESP32ValidationFunctions:
-    pin_validation: Callable[[Any], Any]
-    usage_validation: Callable[[Any], Any]
+    pin_validation: Callable[[int], int]
+    usage_validation: Callable[[dict[str, Any]], dict[str, Any]]
 
 
 _esp32_validations = {
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32.py b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32.py
index 973d2dc0ef..b3166cf822 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import logging
+from typing import Any
 
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ _ESP32_STRAPPING_PINS = {0, 2, 5, 12, 15}
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-def esp32_validate_gpio_pin(value):
+def esp32_validate_gpio_pin(value: int) -> int:
     if value < 0 or value > 39:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {value} (must be 0-39)")
     if value in _ESP_SDIO_PINS:
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ def esp32_validate_gpio_pin(value):
     return value
 
 
-def esp32_validate_supports(value):
+def esp32_validate_supports(value: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
     num = value[CONF_NUMBER]
     mode = value[CONF_MODE]
     is_input = mode[CONF_INPUT]
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_c2.py b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_c2.py
index 32a24050ca..2d6e3a4a4e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_c2.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_c2.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import logging
+from typing import Any
 
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_INPUT, CONF_MODE, CONF_NUMBER
@@ -9,14 +10,14 @@ _ESP32C2_STRAPPING_PINS = {8, 9}
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-def esp32_c2_validate_gpio_pin(value):
+def esp32_c2_validate_gpio_pin(value: int) -> int:
     if value < 0 or value > 20:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {value} (must be 0-20)")
 
     return value
 
 
-def esp32_c2_validate_supports(value):
+def esp32_c2_validate_supports(value: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
     num = value[CONF_NUMBER]
     mode = value[CONF_MODE]
     is_input = mode[CONF_INPUT]
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_c3.py b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_c3.py
index c1427cc02a..93e0b97093 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_c3.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_c3.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import logging
+from typing import Any
 
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_INPUT, CONF_MODE, CONF_NUMBER
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ _ESP32C3_STRAPPING_PINS = {2, 8, 9}
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-def esp32_c3_validate_gpio_pin(value):
+def esp32_c3_validate_gpio_pin(value: int) -> int:
     if value < 0 or value > 21:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {value} (must be 0-21)")
     if value in _ESP32C3_SPI_PSRAM_PINS:
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ def esp32_c3_validate_gpio_pin(value):
     return value
 
 
-def esp32_c3_validate_supports(value):
+def esp32_c3_validate_supports(value: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
     num = value[CONF_NUMBER]
     mode = value[CONF_MODE]
     is_input = mode[CONF_INPUT]
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_c5.py b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_c5.py
index fa2ce1a689..639ed64c9e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_c5.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_c5.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import logging
+from typing import Any
 
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_INPUT, CONF_MODE, CONF_NUMBER, CONF_SCL, CONF_SDA
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ _ESP32C5_STRAPPING_PINS = {2, 7, 27, 28}
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-def esp32_c5_validate_gpio_pin(value):
+def esp32_c5_validate_gpio_pin(value: int) -> int:
     if value < 0 or value > 28:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {value} (must be 0-28)")
     if value in _ESP32C5_SPI_PSRAM_PINS:
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ def esp32_c5_validate_gpio_pin(value):
     return value
 
 
-def esp32_c5_validate_supports(value):
+def esp32_c5_validate_supports(value: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
     num = value[CONF_NUMBER]
     mode = value[CONF_MODE]
     is_input = mode[CONF_INPUT]
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_c6.py b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_c6.py
index 5d679dede2..cfd3bca833 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_c6.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_c6.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import logging
+from typing import Any
 
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_INPUT, CONF_MODE, CONF_NUMBER, CONF_SCL, CONF_SDA
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ _ESP32C6_STRAPPING_PINS = {8, 9, 15}
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-def esp32_c6_validate_gpio_pin(value):
+def esp32_c6_validate_gpio_pin(value: int) -> int:
     if value < 0 or value > 23:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {value} (must be 0-23)")
     if value in _ESP32C6_SPI_PSRAM_PINS:
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ def esp32_c6_validate_gpio_pin(value):
     return value
 
 
-def esp32_c6_validate_supports(value):
+def esp32_c6_validate_supports(value: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
     num = value[CONF_NUMBER]
     mode = value[CONF_MODE]
     is_input = mode[CONF_INPUT]
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_c61.py b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_c61.py
index 77be42db3e..2f3abe6a0f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_c61.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_c61.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import logging
+from typing import Any
 
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_INPUT, CONF_MODE, CONF_NUMBER
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ _ESP32C61_STRAPPING_PINS = {8, 9}
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-def esp32_c61_validate_gpio_pin(value):
+def esp32_c61_validate_gpio_pin(value: int) -> int:
     if value < 0 or value > 29:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {value} (must be 0-29)")
     if value in _ESP32C61_SPI_PSRAM_PINS:
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ def esp32_c61_validate_gpio_pin(value):
     return value
 
 
-def esp32_c61_validate_supports(value):
+def esp32_c61_validate_supports(value: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
     num = value[CONF_NUMBER]
     mode = value[CONF_MODE]
     is_input = mode[CONF_INPUT]
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_h2.py b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_h2.py
index f37297764b..5e7a6158f9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_h2.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_h2.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import logging
+from typing import Any
 
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_INPUT, CONF_MODE, CONF_NUMBER
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ _ESP32H2_STRAPPING_PINS = {2, 3, 8, 9, 25}
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-def esp32_h2_validate_gpio_pin(value):
+def esp32_h2_validate_gpio_pin(value: int) -> int:
     if value < 0 or value > 27:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {value} (must be 0-27)")
     if value in _ESP32H2_SPI_FLASH_PINS:
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ def esp32_h2_validate_gpio_pin(value):
     return value
 
 
-def esp32_h2_validate_supports(value):
+def esp32_h2_validate_supports(value: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
     num = value[CONF_NUMBER]
     mode = value[CONF_MODE]
     is_input = mode[CONF_INPUT]
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_p4.py b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_p4.py
index 2726c5932f..865db92652 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_p4.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_p4.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import logging
+from typing import Any
 
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_INPUT, CONF_MODE, CONF_NUMBER, CONF_SCL, CONF_SDA
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ _ESP32P4_STRAPPING_PINS = {34, 35, 36, 37, 38}
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-def esp32_p4_validate_gpio_pin(value):
+def esp32_p4_validate_gpio_pin(value: int) -> int:
     if value < 0 or value > 54:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {value} (must be 0-54)")
     if value in _ESP32P4_USB_JTAG_PINS:
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ def esp32_p4_validate_gpio_pin(value):
     return value
 
 
-def esp32_p4_validate_supports(value):
+def esp32_p4_validate_supports(value: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
     num = value[CONF_NUMBER]
     mode = value[CONF_MODE]
     is_input = mode[CONF_INPUT]
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_s2.py b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_s2.py
index 331aeb9d94..4978f48a1c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_s2.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_s2.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import logging
+from typing import Any
 
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ _ESP32S2_STRAPPING_PINS = {0, 45, 46}
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-def esp32_s2_validate_gpio_pin(value):
+def esp32_s2_validate_gpio_pin(value: int) -> int:
     if value < 0 or value > 46:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {value} (must be 0-46)")
 
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ def esp32_s2_validate_gpio_pin(value):
     return value
 
 
-def esp32_s2_validate_supports(value):
+def esp32_s2_validate_supports(value: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
     num = value[CONF_NUMBER]
     mode = value[CONF_MODE]
     is_input = mode[CONF_INPUT]
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_s3.py b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_s3.py
index aea378f499..cb0eb8178c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_s3.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_s3.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import logging
+from typing import Any
 
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_INPUT, CONF_MODE, CONF_NUMBER
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ _ESP_32S3_STRAPPING_PINS = {0, 3, 45, 46}
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-def esp32_s3_validate_gpio_pin(value):
+def esp32_s3_validate_gpio_pin(value: int) -> int:
     if value < 0 or value > 48:
         raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {value} (must be 0-48)")
 
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ def esp32_s3_validate_gpio_pin(value):
     return value
 
 
-def esp32_s3_validate_supports(value):
+def esp32_s3_validate_supports(value: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
     num = value[CONF_NUMBER]
     mode = value[CONF_MODE]
     is_input = mode[CONF_INPUT]

From b84d773becad306de294beadb0a3efa73c9a854d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: CFlix <38142312+CFlix@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Mar 2026 01:24:46 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 524/609] [bme280] Change communication error message to
 include "no response" hint. (#14686)

---
 esphome/components/bme280_base/bme280_base.cpp | 2 +-
 esphome/components/bmp280_base/bmp280_base.cpp | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/bme280_base/bme280_base.cpp b/esphome/components/bme280_base/bme280_base.cpp
index addbfe618d..f31940df10 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bme280_base/bme280_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/bme280_base/bme280_base.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #include <esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h>
 #include <esphome/core/component.h>
 
-#define BME280_ERROR_WRONG_CHIP_ID "Wrong chip ID"
+#define BME280_ERROR_WRONG_CHIP_ID "Wrong chip ID or no response"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace bme280_base {
diff --git a/esphome/components/bmp280_base/bmp280_base.cpp b/esphome/components/bmp280_base/bmp280_base.cpp
index de685e7c27..603966a2b5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bmp280_base/bmp280_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/bmp280_base/bmp280_base.cpp
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#define BMP280_ERROR_WRONG_CHIP_ID "Wrong chip ID"
+#define BMP280_ERROR_WRONG_CHIP_ID "Wrong chip ID or no response"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace bmp280_base {

From 794098de99f083105440f8a36f2f070d1e6f9a04 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Tue, 10 Mar 2026 16:40:45 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 525/609] [rp2040] Add HardFault crash handler with backtrace
 (#14685)

---
 esphome/components/logger/logger_rp2040.cpp |   2 +
 esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py       |  47 ++++
 esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp          |   2 +
 esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.cpp | 227 ++++++++++++++++++++
 esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.h   |  17 ++
 5 files changed, 295 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.cpp
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.h

diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/logger_rp2040.cpp b/esphome/components/logger/logger_rp2040.cpp
index 1f435031f6..f76b823a8f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/logger_rp2040.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/logger_rp2040.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #ifdef USE_RP2040
 #include "logger.h"
+#include "esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome::logger {
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ void Logger::pre_setup() {
   }
   global_logger = this;
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Log initialized");
+  rp2040::crash_handler_log();
 }
 
 void HOT Logger::write_msg_(const char *msg, uint16_t len) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py b/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py
index 359337adfb..b15811241c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import logging
 from pathlib import Path
+import re
 from string import ascii_letters, digits
+import subprocess
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -264,3 +266,48 @@ def copy_files():
         path = CORE.relative_src_path("esphome.h")
         content = read_file(path).rstrip("\n")
         write_file_if_changed(path, content + '\n#include "pio_includes.h"\n')
+
+
+# RP2040 crash handler stacktrace decoding
+# Matches output from esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.cpp
+_CRASH_RE = re.compile(r"CRASH DETECTED ON PREVIOUS BOOT")
+_CRASH_ADDR_RE = re.compile(
+    r"(?:PC|LR|BT\d):\s+(0x[0-9a-fA-F]{8})\s+\((?:fault location|return address|stack backtrace)\)"
+)
+
+
+def _addr2line(tool: str, elf: Path, addr: str) -> str:
+    try:
+        result = subprocess.run(
+            [tool, "-pfiaC", "-e", str(elf), addr],
+            capture_output=True,
+            text=True,
+            check=True,
+        )
+        return result.stdout.strip()
+    except (OSError, subprocess.CalledProcessError):
+        return f"{addr} (decode failed)"
+
+
+def process_stacktrace(config, line: str, backtrace_state: bool) -> bool:
+    """Decode RP2040 crash handler output using addr2line."""
+    if _CRASH_RE.search(line):
+        _LOGGER.error("RP2040 crash detected - decoding addresses")
+        return True
+
+    if backtrace_state:
+        if match := _CRASH_ADDR_RE.search(line):
+            from esphome.platformio_api import get_idedata
+
+            idedata = get_idedata(config)
+            if idedata.addr2line_path:
+                elf = idedata.firmware_elf_path
+                if elf.exists():
+                    decoded = _addr2line(idedata.addr2line_path, elf, match.group(1))
+                    _LOGGER.error("  %s => %s", match.group(1), decoded)
+
+        # Stop backtrace state after addr2line hint (last line of crash dump)
+        if "addr2line" in line:
+            return False
+
+    return backtrace_state
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp b/esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp
index 63b154d80d..5e5a96c78b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #ifdef USE_RP2040
 
 #include "core.h"
+#include "crash_handler.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ void arch_restart() {
 }
 
 void arch_init() {
+  rp2040::crash_handler_read_and_clear();
 #if USE_RP2040_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT > 0
   watchdog_enable(USE_RP2040_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT, false);
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.cpp b/esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6ab46da444
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+#ifdef USE_RP2040
+
+#include "crash_handler.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+#include <cinttypes>
+#include <hardware/regs/addressmap.h>
+#include <hardware/structs/watchdog.h>
+#include <hardware/watchdog.h>
+
+// Cortex-M0+ exception frame offsets (words)
+// When a fault occurs, the CPU pushes: R0, R1, R2, R3, R12, LR, PC, xPSR
+static constexpr uint32_t EF_LR = 5;
+static constexpr uint32_t EF_PC = 6;
+
+static constexpr uint32_t CRASH_MAGIC = 0xDEADBEEF;
+
+// We only have 8 scratch registers (32 bytes) that survive watchdog reboot.
+// Use them for the most important data, then scan the stack for code addresses.
+//
+// Scratch register layout:
+// [0] = magic (CRASH_MAGIC)
+// [1] = PC (program counter at fault)
+// [2] = LR (link register from exception frame)
+// [3] = SP (stack pointer at fault)
+// [4..7] = up to 4 additional code addresses found by scanning the stack
+//          (return addresses from callers, giving a deeper backtrace)
+
+// Flash is mapped at XIP_BASE (0x10000000). We use a conservative upper bound
+// to keep false positives low during stack scanning. Wider ranges would match
+// more stale data on the stack that happens to look like code addresses.
+#if defined(PICO_RP2350)
+static constexpr uint32_t FLASH_SCAN_END = XIP_BASE + 0x400000;  // 4MB — RP2350 typical max
+#else
+static constexpr uint32_t FLASH_SCAN_END = XIP_BASE + 0x200000;  // 2MB — RP2040 typical max
+#endif
+
+static inline bool is_code_addr(uint32_t val) {
+  uint32_t cleared = val & ~1u;  // Clear Thumb bit
+  return cleared >= XIP_BASE && cleared < FLASH_SCAN_END;
+}
+
+static constexpr size_t MAX_BACKTRACE = 4;
+
+namespace esphome::rp2040 {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "rp2040.crash";
+
+// Placed in .noinit so BSS zero-init cannot race with crash_handler_read_and_clear().
+// The valid field is explicitly cleared in crash_handler_read_and_clear() instead.
+static struct {
+  bool valid;
+  uint32_t pc;
+  uint32_t lr;
+  uint32_t sp;
+  uint32_t backtrace[MAX_BACKTRACE];
+  uint8_t backtrace_count;
+} __attribute__((section(".noinit"))) s_crash_data;
+
+void crash_handler_read_and_clear() {
+  s_crash_data.valid = false;
+  if (watchdog_hw->scratch[0] == CRASH_MAGIC) {
+    s_crash_data.valid = true;
+    s_crash_data.pc = watchdog_hw->scratch[1];
+    s_crash_data.lr = watchdog_hw->scratch[2];
+    s_crash_data.sp = watchdog_hw->scratch[3];
+    s_crash_data.backtrace_count = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_BACKTRACE; i++) {
+      uint32_t addr = watchdog_hw->scratch[4 + i];
+      if (addr == 0)
+        break;
+      s_crash_data.backtrace[i] = addr;
+      s_crash_data.backtrace_count++;
+    }
+  }
+  // Clear scratch registers regardless
+  for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+    watchdog_hw->scratch[i] = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+// Intentionally uses separate ESP_LOGE calls per line instead of combining into
+// one multi-line log message. This ensures each address appears as its own line
+// on the serial console (miniterm), making it possible to see partial output if
+// the device crashes again during boot, and allowing the CLI's process_stacktrace
+// to match and decode each address individually.
+void crash_handler_log() {
+  if (!s_crash_data.valid)
+    return;
+
+  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "*** CRASH DETECTED ON PREVIOUS BOOT ***");
+  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "  PC:  0x%08" PRIX32 "  (fault location)", s_crash_data.pc);
+  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "  LR:  0x%08" PRIX32 "  (return address)", s_crash_data.lr);
+  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "  SP:  0x%08" PRIX32, s_crash_data.sp);
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < s_crash_data.backtrace_count; i++) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "  BT%d: 0x%08" PRIX32 "  (stack backtrace)", i, s_crash_data.backtrace[i]);
+  }
+  // Build addr2line hint with all captured addresses for easy copy-paste
+  char hint[160];
+  int pos = snprintf(hint, sizeof(hint), "Use: addr2line -pfiaC -e firmware.elf 0x%08" PRIX32 " 0x%08" PRIX32,
+                     s_crash_data.pc, s_crash_data.lr);
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < s_crash_data.backtrace_count && pos < (int) sizeof(hint) - 12; i++) {
+    pos += snprintf(hint + pos, sizeof(hint) - pos, " 0x%08" PRIX32, s_crash_data.backtrace[i]);
+  }
+  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "%s", hint);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::rp2040
+
+// --- HardFault handler ---
+// Overrides the weak isr_hardfault from arduino-pico's crt0.S.
+// On Cortex-M0+, the CPU pushes {R0,R1,R2,R3,R12,LR,PC,xPSR} onto the
+// active stack (MSP or PSP). We determine which stack was active,
+// extract key registers, store them in watchdog scratch registers
+// (which survive watchdog reboot), then trigger a reboot.
+
+// Check if a pointer falls within SRAM (valid for stack access).
+// SRAM_BASE and SRAM_END are chip-specific SDK defines:
+//   RP2040: 0x20000000 - 0x20042000 (264KB)
+//   RP2350: 0x20000000 - 0x20082000 (520KB)
+static inline bool is_valid_sram_ptr(const uint32_t *ptr) {
+  auto addr = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(ptr);
+  // Exception frame is 8 words (32 bytes), so frame+7 must also be in SRAM.
+  // Check alignment (must be word-aligned) and that the full frame fits.
+  return (addr % 4 == 0) && addr >= SRAM_BASE && (addr + 32) <= SRAM_END;
+}
+
+// C handler called from the asm wrapper with the exception frame pointer.
+static void __attribute__((used, noreturn)) hard_fault_handler_c(uint32_t *frame, uint32_t /*exc_return*/) {
+  // watchdog_reboot() overwrites scratch[4]-[7], so we must call it first
+  // then write ALL our data after. The 10ms timeout gives us plenty of time.
+  watchdog_reboot(0, 0, 10);
+
+  // Validate frame pointer before dereferencing. If the HardFault was caused
+  // by a stacking error or corrupted SP, frame may be invalid. Write a minimal
+  // crash marker so we at least know a crash occurred.
+  if (!is_valid_sram_ptr(frame)) {
+    watchdog_hw->scratch[0] = CRASH_MAGIC;
+    watchdog_hw->scratch[1] = 0;                                   // PC unknown
+    watchdog_hw->scratch[2] = 0;                                   // LR unknown
+    watchdog_hw->scratch[3] = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(frame);  // Record the bad SP for diagnosis
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < MAX_BACKTRACE; i++) {
+      watchdog_hw->scratch[4 + i] = 0;
+    }
+    while (true) {
+      __asm volatile("nop");
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Pre-fault SP: the exception frame is 8 words pushed onto the stack,
+  // so the SP before the fault was frame + 8 words. If xPSR bit 9 is set,
+  // the hardware pushed an extra alignment word to maintain 8-byte stack
+  // alignment (ARMv6-M/ARMv7-M spec), so add 1 more word.
+  static constexpr uint32_t EF_XPSR = 7;
+  uint32_t extra_align = (frame[EF_XPSR] & (1u << 9)) ? 1 : 0;
+  uint32_t *post_frame = frame + 8 + extra_align;
+  uint32_t pre_fault_sp = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(post_frame);
+
+  // Write key registers
+  watchdog_hw->scratch[0] = CRASH_MAGIC;
+  watchdog_hw->scratch[1] = frame[EF_PC];
+  watchdog_hw->scratch[2] = frame[EF_LR];
+  watchdog_hw->scratch[3] = pre_fault_sp;
+
+  // Scan stack for code addresses to build a deeper backtrace.
+  // The exception frame is 8 words (32 bytes) at 'frame', plus an optional
+  // alignment word. Walk up to 64 words looking for return addresses.
+  uint32_t *scan_start = post_frame;
+  // SRAM_END is chip-specific: 0x20042000 (RP2040) or 0x20082000 (RP2350)
+  uint32_t *stack_top = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t *>(SRAM_END);
+  // Scan up to 64 words (256 bytes) — covers typical nested call frames
+  // without scanning too much stale stack data that could produce false positives.
+  uint32_t bt_count = 0;
+
+  for (uint32_t *p = scan_start; p < stack_top && p < scan_start + 64 && bt_count < MAX_BACKTRACE; p++) {
+    uint32_t val = *p;
+    // Check if this looks like a code address in flash
+    // Skip if it's the same as PC or LR we already saved
+    if (is_code_addr(val) && val != frame[EF_PC] && val != frame[EF_LR]) {
+      watchdog_hw->scratch[4 + bt_count] = val;
+      bt_count++;
+    }
+  }
+  // Zero remaining slots
+  for (uint32_t i = bt_count; i < MAX_BACKTRACE; i++) {
+    watchdog_hw->scratch[4 + i] = 0;
+  }
+
+  while (true) {
+    __asm volatile("nop");
+  }
+}
+
+// Naked asm wrapper - Cortex-M0+ compatible (no ITE/conditional execution).
+// Determines active stack pointer and branches to C handler.
+// Uses literal pool (.word) for addresses since M0+ has limited immediate encoding.
+//
+// Based on the standard Cortex-M0+ HardFault handler pattern described in:
+// - ARM Application Note AN209: "Using Cortex-M3/M4/M7 Fault Exceptions"
+//   (adapted for M0+ which lacks conditional execution instructions)
+// - Memfault: "How to debug a HardFault on an ARM Cortex-M MCU"
+//   https://interrupt.memfault.com/blog/cortex-m-hardfault-debug
+// - Raspberry Pi Forums: "Cortex-M0+ Hard Fault handler porting"
+//   https://www.eevblog.com/forum/microcontrollers/cortex-m0-hard-fault-handler-porting/
+//
+// The key M0+ adaptation: replaces ITE/MRSEQ/MRSNE (Cortex-M3+) with
+// MOVS+TST+BEQ branch sequence, and uses a literal pool for the C handler address.
+extern "C" void __attribute__((naked, used)) isr_hardfault() {
+  __asm volatile("movs r0, #4          \n"  // Prepare bit 2 mask
+                 "mov  r1, lr          \n"  // r1 = EXC_RETURN
+                 "tst  r1, r0          \n"  // Test bit 2
+                 "beq  1f              \n"  // If 0, was using MSP
+                 "mrs  r0, psp         \n"  // Bit 2 set = PSP was active
+                 "b    2f              \n"
+                 "1:                   \n"
+                 "mrs  r0, msp         \n"  // Bit 2 clear = MSP was active
+                 "2:                   \n"
+                 // r0 = exception frame pointer, r1 = EXC_RETURN (still in r1)
+                 "ldr  r2, 3f          \n"  // Load C handler address from literal pool
+                 "bx   r2              \n"  // Branch to handler (r0=frame, r1=exc_return)
+                 ".align 2             \n"
+                 "3: .word %c0         \n"  // Literal pool: address of C handler
+                 :
+                 : "i"(hard_fault_handler_c));
+}
+
+#endif  // USE_RP2040
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.h b/esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f10db47c23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef USE_RP2040
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace esphome::rp2040 {
+
+/// Read crash data from watchdog scratch registers and clear them.
+void crash_handler_read_and_clear();
+
+/// Log crash data if a crash was detected on previous boot.
+void crash_handler_log();
+
+}  // namespace esphome::rp2040
+
+#endif  // USE_RP2040

From 6561c9bc95500915584afbe13a8cf3da6f3da051 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Keith Burzinski <kbx81x@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Mar 2026 22:32:29 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 526/609] [core] Fix waiting for port indefinitely (#14688)

---
 esphome/__main__.py | 6 ++++--
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/__main__.py b/esphome/__main__.py
index 3f0da85a69..58b995e8df 100644
--- a/esphome/__main__.py
+++ b/esphome/__main__.py
@@ -919,9 +919,11 @@ def _wait_for_serial_port(
     """
 
     def _port_found() -> bool:
-        ports = get_serial_ports()
         if port is not None:
-            return any(p.path == port for p in ports)
+            if os.name == "posix":
+                return os.path.exists(port)
+            return any(p.path == port for p in get_serial_ports())
+        ports = get_serial_ports()
         if known_ports is not None:
             return any(p.path not in known_ports for p in ports)
         return bool(ports)

From d0f37ae69460ac90e2f95a39216ec09090373df6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Keith Burzinski <kbx81x@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Mar 2026 23:31:27 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 527/609] [logger] Fix UART selection not applied before
 `pre_setup()` (#14690)

---
 esphome/components/logger/__init__.py | 16 ++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py b/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
index e370f4215d..675f9a2ca4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
@@ -337,6 +337,16 @@ async def to_code(config):
     )
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         cg.add(log.create_pthread_key())
+    # set_uart_selection() must be called before pre_setup() because
+    # pre_setup() switches on uart_ to decide which hardware to initialize
+    # (e.g. UART0 vs USB_SERIAL_JTAG). Without this, uart_ is still the
+    # default UART_SELECTION_UART0 and the wrong hardware gets initialized.
+    if CONF_HARDWARE_UART in config:
+        cg.add(
+            log.set_uart_selection(
+                HARDWARE_UART_TO_UART_SELECTION[config[CONF_HARDWARE_UART]]
+            )
+        )
     # pre_setup() must be called before init_log_buffer() because
     # init_log_buffer() calls disable_loop() which may log at VV level,
     # and global_logger must be set before any logging occurs.
@@ -354,12 +364,6 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add(log.init_log_buffer(64))  # Fixed 64 slots for host
 
     cg.add(log.set_log_level(initial_level))
-    if CONF_HARDWARE_UART in config:
-        cg.add(
-            log.set_uart_selection(
-                HARDWARE_UART_TO_UART_SELECTION[config[CONF_HARDWARE_UART]]
-            )
-        )
 
     # Enable runtime tag levels if logs are configured or explicitly enabled
     logs_config = config[CONF_LOGS]

From 4df3d3554e5767edf6469977972409d3b882cd2e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Adam DeMuri <adam.demuri@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Mar 2026 23:44:05 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 528/609] Enable the address and behavior sanitizers for C++
 component unit tests (#13490)

---
 script/cpp_unit_test.py | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/script/cpp_unit_test.py b/script/cpp_unit_test.py
index c917458472..c6cfd8270f 100755
--- a/script/cpp_unit_test.py
+++ b/script/cpp_unit_test.py
@@ -79,6 +79,10 @@ def create_test_config(config_name: str, includes: list[str]) -> dict:
                     "-Og",  # optimize for debug
                     "-DUSE_TIME_TIMEZONE",  # enable timezone code paths for testing
                     "-DESPHOME_DEBUG",  # enable debug assertions
+                    # Enable the address and undefined behavior sanitizers
+                    "-fsanitize=address",
+                    "-fsanitize=undefined",
+                    "-fno-omit-frame-pointer",
                 ],
                 "debug_build_flags": [  # only for debug builds
                     "-g3",  # max debug info

From e8e700a683f2ad210892393e6f67260855e493d6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Tue, 10 Mar 2026 20:51:54 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 529/609] [socket] Fix RP2040 heap corruption from malloc in
 lwip accept callback (#14687)

---
 .../components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp   | 142 ++++++++++++++----
 esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.h |  41 ++---
 2 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp
index d7fa6a2694..fd1b8a9554 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp
@@ -425,20 +425,24 @@ LWIPRawImpl::~LWIPRawImpl() {
   // Base class destructor handles pcb_ cleanup via tcp_abort
 }
 
-void LWIPRawImpl::init() {
+void LWIPRawImpl::init(struct pbuf *initial_rx, bool initial_rx_closed) {
   LWIP_LOCK();
   LWIP_LOG("init(%p)", this->pcb_);
   tcp_arg(this->pcb_, this);
   tcp_recv(this->pcb_, LWIPRawImpl::s_recv_fn);
   tcp_err(this->pcb_, LWIPRawImpl::s_err_fn);
+  if (initial_rx != nullptr) {
+    this->rx_buf_ = initial_rx;
+    this->rx_buf_offset_ = 0;
+  }
+  this->rx_closed_ = initial_rx_closed;
 }
 
 void LWIPRawImpl::s_err_fn(void *arg, err_t err) {
-  // Called by lwip core which already holds the async_context lock on RP2040.
-  // No LWIP_LOCK() needed — acquiring it would be redundant (recursive mutex).
+  // LWIP CALLBACK — runs from IRQ context on RP2040 (low-priority user IRQ).
+  // No heap allocation allowed — malloc is not IRQ-safe (see #14687).
+  // No LWIP_LOCK() needed — lwip core already holds the async_context lock.
   //
-  // "If a connection is aborted because of an error, the application is alerted of this event by
-  // the err callback."
   // pcb is already freed when this callback is called
   // ERR_RST: connection was reset by remote host
   // ERR_ABRT: aborted through tcp_abort or TCP timer
@@ -453,11 +457,15 @@ err_t LWIPRawImpl::s_recv_fn(void *arg, struct tcp_pcb *pcb, struct pbuf *pb, er
 }
 
 err_t LWIPRawImpl::recv_fn(struct pbuf *pb, err_t err) {
-  // Called by lwip core which already holds the async_context lock on RP2040.
+  // LWIP CALLBACK — runs from IRQ context on RP2040 (low-priority user IRQ).
+  // No heap allocation allowed — malloc is not IRQ-safe (see #14687).
   LWIP_LOG("recv(pb=%p err=%d)", pb, err);
   if (err != 0) {
     // "An error code if there has been an error receiving Only return ERR_ABRT if you have
     // called tcp_abort from within the callback function!"
+    if (pb != nullptr) {
+      pbuf_free(pb);
+    }
     this->rx_closed_ = true;
     return ERR_OK;
   }
@@ -664,6 +672,22 @@ ssize_t LWIPRawImpl::writev(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt) {
 
 LWIPRawListenImpl::~LWIPRawListenImpl() {
   LWIP_LOCK();
+  // Abort any queued PCBs that were never accepted by the main loop.
+  // Clear the error callback first — tcp_abort triggers it, and we don't
+  // want s_queued_err_fn writing to slots during destruction.
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < this->accepted_socket_count_; i++) {
+    auto &entry = this->accepted_pcbs_[i];
+    if (entry.pcb != nullptr) {
+      tcp_err(entry.pcb, nullptr);
+      tcp_abort(entry.pcb);
+      entry.pcb = nullptr;
+    }
+    if (entry.rx_buf != nullptr) {
+      pbuf_free(entry.rx_buf);
+      entry.rx_buf = nullptr;
+    }
+  }
+  this->accepted_socket_count_ = 0;
   // Listen PCBs must use tcp_close(), not tcp_abort().
   // tcp_abandon() asserts pcb->state != LISTEN and would access
   // fields that don't exist in the smaller tcp_pcb_listen struct.
@@ -683,12 +707,49 @@ void LWIPRawListenImpl::init() {
 }
 
 void LWIPRawListenImpl::s_err_fn(void *arg, err_t err) {
-  // Called by lwip core which already holds the async_context lock on RP2040.
+  // LWIP CALLBACK — runs from IRQ context on RP2040 (low-priority user IRQ).
+  // No heap allocation allowed — malloc is not IRQ-safe (see #14687).
   auto *arg_this = reinterpret_cast<LWIPRawListenImpl *>(arg);
   ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "socket %p: err(err=%d)", arg_this, err);
   arg_this->pcb_ = nullptr;
 }
 
+void LWIPRawListenImpl::s_queued_err_fn(void *arg, err_t err) {
+  // LWIP CALLBACK — runs from IRQ context on RP2040 (low-priority user IRQ).
+  // No heap allocation allowed — malloc is not IRQ-safe (see #14687).
+  // Called when a queued (not yet accepted) PCB errors — e.g., remote sent RST.
+  // The PCB is already freed by lwip. Null our pointer so accept() skips it.
+  (void) err;
+  auto *entry = reinterpret_cast<QueuedPcb *>(arg);
+  entry->pcb = nullptr;
+  // Don't free rx_buf here — accept() will clean it up when it sees pcb==nullptr
+}
+
+err_t LWIPRawListenImpl::s_queued_recv_fn(void *arg, struct tcp_pcb *pcb, struct pbuf *pb, err_t err) {
+  // LWIP CALLBACK — runs from IRQ context on RP2040 (low-priority user IRQ).
+  // No heap allocation allowed — malloc is not IRQ-safe (see #14687).
+  // Temporary recv callback for PCBs queued between accept_fn_ and accept().
+  // Without this, lwip's default tcp_recv_null handler would ACK and drop the data,
+  // causing the API handshake to silently fail (client sends Hello, server never sees it).
+  (void) pcb;
+  auto *entry = reinterpret_cast<QueuedPcb *>(arg);
+  if (pb == nullptr || err != ERR_OK) {
+    // Remote closed or error
+    if (pb != nullptr) {
+      pbuf_free(pb);
+    }
+    entry->rx_closed = true;
+    return ERR_OK;
+  }
+  // Buffer the data — tcp_recved() is deferred to read() after accept() creates the socket.
+  if (entry->rx_buf == nullptr) {
+    entry->rx_buf = pb;
+  } else {
+    pbuf_cat(entry->rx_buf, pb);
+  }
+  return ERR_OK;
+}
+
 err_t LWIPRawListenImpl::s_accept_fn(void *arg, struct tcp_pcb *newpcb, err_t err) {
   auto *arg_this = reinterpret_cast<LWIPRawListenImpl *>(arg);
   return arg_this->accept_fn_(newpcb, err);
@@ -700,23 +761,40 @@ std::unique_ptr<LWIPRawImpl> LWIPRawListenImpl::accept(struct sockaddr *addr, so
     errno = EBADF;
     return nullptr;
   }
-  if (this->accepted_socket_count_ == 0) {
-    errno = EWOULDBLOCK;
-    return nullptr;
+  // Dequeue front entry, skipping any null entries (PCBs freed by lwip while queued).
+  // The error callback nulled their pcb pointers; clean up buffered data and discard.
+  while (this->accepted_socket_count_ > 0) {
+    QueuedPcb entry = this->accepted_pcbs_[0];
+    // Shift remaining entries forward, updating tcp_arg pointers as we go.
+    // Safe because we hold LWIP_LOCK, so err/recv callbacks can't fire during the update.
+    for (uint8_t i = 1; i < this->accepted_socket_count_; i++) {
+      this->accepted_pcbs_[i - 1] = this->accepted_pcbs_[i];
+      if (this->accepted_pcbs_[i - 1].pcb != nullptr) {
+        tcp_arg(this->accepted_pcbs_[i - 1].pcb, &this->accepted_pcbs_[i - 1]);
+      }
+    }
+    this->accepted_pcbs_[this->accepted_socket_count_ - 1] = {};
+    this->accepted_socket_count_--;
+    if (entry.pcb == nullptr) {
+      // PCB was freed by lwip (RST/timeout) while queued — discard and try next
+      if (entry.rx_buf != nullptr) {
+        pbuf_free(entry.rx_buf);
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+    LWIP_LOG("Connection accepted by application, queue size: %d", this->accepted_socket_count_);
+    // Create socket wrapper on the main loop (not in accept callback) to avoid
+    // heap allocation in IRQ context on RP2040. Transfer any data received while queued.
+    auto sock = make_unique<LWIPRawImpl>(this->family_, entry.pcb);
+    sock->init(entry.rx_buf, entry.rx_closed);
+    if (addr != nullptr) {
+      sock->getpeername(addr, addrlen);
+    }
+    LWIP_LOG("accept(%p)", sock.get());
+    return sock;
   }
-  // Take from front for FIFO ordering
-  std::unique_ptr<LWIPRawImpl> sock = std::move(this->accepted_sockets_[0]);
-  // Shift remaining sockets forward
-  for (uint8_t i = 1; i < this->accepted_socket_count_; i++) {
-    this->accepted_sockets_[i - 1] = std::move(this->accepted_sockets_[i]);
-  }
-  this->accepted_socket_count_--;
-  LWIP_LOG("Connection accepted by application, queue size: %d", this->accepted_socket_count_);
-  if (addr != nullptr) {
-    sock->getpeername(addr, addrlen);
-  }
-  LWIP_LOG("accept(%p)", sock.get());
-  return sock;
+  errno = EWOULDBLOCK;
+  return nullptr;
 }
 
 int LWIPRawListenImpl::listen(int backlog) {
@@ -746,7 +824,8 @@ int LWIPRawListenImpl::listen(int backlog) {
 }
 
 err_t LWIPRawListenImpl::accept_fn_(struct tcp_pcb *newpcb, err_t err) {
-  // Called by lwip core which already holds the async_context lock on RP2040.
+  // LWIP CALLBACK — runs from IRQ context on RP2040 (low-priority user IRQ).
+  // No heap allocation allowed — malloc is not IRQ-safe (see #14687).
   LWIP_LOG("accept(newpcb=%p err=%d)", newpcb, err);
   if (err != ERR_OK || newpcb == nullptr) {
     // "An error code if there has been an error accepting. Only return ERR_ABRT if you have
@@ -763,9 +842,18 @@ err_t LWIPRawListenImpl::accept_fn_(struct tcp_pcb *newpcb, err_t err) {
     // Must return ERR_ABRT since we called tcp_abort()
     return ERR_ABRT;
   }
-  auto sock = make_unique<LWIPRawImpl>(this->family_, newpcb);
-  sock->init();
-  this->accepted_sockets_[this->accepted_socket_count_++] = std::move(sock);
+  // Store the raw PCB — LWIPRawImpl creation is deferred to the main-loop accept().
+  // This avoids heap allocation in this callback, which is unsafe from IRQ context on RP2040.
+  uint8_t idx = this->accepted_socket_count_++;
+  this->accepted_pcbs_[idx] = {newpcb, nullptr, false};
+  // Register temporary callbacks so that while the PCB is queued:
+  // - err: nulls our pointer if the connection errors (RST, timeout)
+  // - recv: buffers any data that arrives before accept() creates the LWIPRawImpl
+  //   (without this, lwip's default tcp_recv_null would ACK and drop the data)
+  // tcp_arg points to our queue entry; accept() updates these pointers after shifting.
+  tcp_arg(newpcb, &this->accepted_pcbs_[idx]);
+  tcp_err(newpcb, LWIPRawListenImpl::s_queued_err_fn);
+  tcp_recv(newpcb, LWIPRawListenImpl::s_queued_recv_fn);
   LWIP_LOG("Accepted connection, queue size: %d", this->accepted_socket_count_);
 #if (defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040))
   // Wake the main loop immediately so it can accept the new connection.
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.h b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.h
index 5b2c11cfe2..95931afcf3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.h
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.h
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class LWIPRawImpl : public LWIPRawCommon {
   using LWIPRawCommon::LWIPRawCommon;
   ~LWIPRawImpl();
 
-  void init();
+  void init(struct pbuf *initial_rx = nullptr, bool initial_rx_closed = false);
 
   // Non-listening sockets return error
   std::unique_ptr<LWIPRawImpl> accept(struct sockaddr *, socklen_t *) {
@@ -182,23 +182,28 @@ class LWIPRawListenImpl : public LWIPRawCommon {
   err_t accept_fn_(struct tcp_pcb *newpcb, err_t err);
   static err_t s_accept_fn(void *arg, struct tcp_pcb *newpcb, err_t err);
 
-  // Accept queue - holds incoming connections briefly until the event loop calls accept()
-  // This is NOT a connection pool - just a temporary queue between LWIP callbacks and the main loop
-  // 3 slots is plenty since connections are pulled out quickly by the event loop
-  //
-  // Memory analysis: std::array<3> vs original std::queue implementation:
-  // - std::queue uses std::deque internally which on 32-bit systems needs:
-  //   24 bytes (deque object) + 32+ bytes (map array) + heap allocations
-  //   Total: ~56+ bytes minimum, plus heap fragmentation
-  // - std::array<3>: 12 bytes fixed (3 pointers × 4 bytes)
-  // Saves ~44+ bytes RAM per listening socket + avoids ALL heap allocations
-  // Used on ESP8266 and RP2040 (platforms using LWIP_TCP implementation)
-  //
-  // By using a separate listening socket class, regular connected sockets save
-  // 16 bytes (12 bytes array + 1 byte count + 3 bytes padding) of memory overhead on 32-bit systems
-  static constexpr size_t MAX_ACCEPTED_SOCKETS = 3;
-  std::array<std::unique_ptr<LWIPRawImpl>, MAX_ACCEPTED_SOCKETS> accepted_sockets_;
-  uint8_t accepted_socket_count_ = 0;  // Number of sockets currently in queue
+  // Temporary callbacks for queued PCBs (between accept_fn_ and accept())
+  static void s_queued_err_fn(void *arg, err_t err);
+  static err_t s_queued_recv_fn(void *arg, struct tcp_pcb *pcb, struct pbuf *pb, err_t err);
+
+  // Accept queue entry — stores a raw tcp_pcb and any data received while queued.
+  // lwip's default tcp_recv_null handler drops data and ACKs it, so we must register
+  // a temporary recv callback to buffer any data that arrives between accept_fn_
+  // (which stores the PCB) and accept() (which creates the LWIPRawImpl).
+  struct QueuedPcb {
+    struct tcp_pcb *pcb{nullptr};
+    struct pbuf *rx_buf{nullptr};  // Data received while queued (before accept() picks it up)
+    bool rx_closed{false};         // Remote sent FIN while queued
+  };
+
+  // Accept queue — stores raw tcp_pcb entries instead of heap-allocated LWIPRawImpl objects.
+  // LWIPRawImpl creation is deferred to the main-loop accept() call. This avoids:
+  // - Heap allocation in the accept callback (unsafe from IRQ context on RP2040)
+  // - Dangling LWIPRawImpl if the connection errors before accept() picks it up
+  // 2 slots is plenty since the main loop drains the queue every iteration.
+  static constexpr size_t MAX_ACCEPTED_SOCKETS = 2;
+  std::array<QueuedPcb, MAX_ACCEPTED_SOCKETS> accepted_pcbs_{};
+  uint8_t accepted_socket_count_ = 0;  // Number of entries currently in queue
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::socket

From 236f6b1935aec81d6350213e3049c6b0f4fb0794 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Robert Resch <robert@resch.dev>
Date: Wed, 11 Mar 2026 07:52:43 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 530/609] [micronova] Add command queue (#12268)

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci-lite[bot] <117423508+pre-commit-ci-lite[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: edenhaus <edenhaus@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@home-assistant.io>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick+github@koston.org>
---
 esphome/components/micronova/__init__.py      |  54 +++-
 .../components/micronova/button/__init__.py   |   2 +
 .../micronova/button/micronova_button.cpp     |  10 +-
 .../micronova/button/micronova_button.h       |  11 +-
 esphome/components/micronova/micronova.cpp    | 256 +++++++++++-------
 esphome/components/micronova/micronova.h      |  93 ++++---
 .../components/micronova/number/__init__.py   |   7 +-
 .../micronova/number/micronova_number.cpp     |  10 +-
 .../micronova/number/micronova_number.h       |   9 +-
 .../micronova/sensor/micronova_sensor.cpp     |   7 +
 .../micronova/sensor/micronova_sensor.h       |   8 +-
 .../components/micronova/switch/__init__.py   |   2 +
 .../micronova/switch/micronova_switch.cpp     |  21 +-
 .../micronova/switch/micronova_switch.h       |   8 +-
 .../text_sensor/micronova_text_sensor.cpp     |   7 +
 .../text_sensor/micronova_text_sensor.h       |   8 +-
 esphome/core/defines.h                        |   2 +
 esphome/core/helpers.h                        |  75 +++++
 18 files changed, 399 insertions(+), 191 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/micronova/__init__.py b/esphome/components/micronova/__init__.py
index d6ef93cf30..b462352229 100644
--- a/esphome/components/micronova/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/micronova/__init__.py
@@ -1,14 +1,34 @@
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.core import CORE, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.coroutine import CoroPriority
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jorre05", "@edenhaus"]
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 
 DOMAIN = "micronova"
+
+
+@dataclass
+class MicronovaData:
+    """Track micronova component state during code generation."""
+
+    listener_count: int = 0
+    has_writer: bool = False
+
+
+def _get_data() -> MicronovaData:
+    if DOMAIN not in CORE.data:
+        CORE.data[DOMAIN] = MicronovaData()
+    return CORE.data[DOMAIN]
+
+
 CONF_MICRONOVA_ID = f"{DOMAIN}_id"
 CONF_ENABLE_RX_PIN = "enable_rx_pin"
 CONF_MEMORY_LOCATION = "memory_location"
@@ -66,16 +86,42 @@ def MICRONOVA_ADDRESS_SCHEMA(
     return schema
 
 
+def register_micronova_writer() -> None:
+    """Register a component that can write to the stove (button, switch, number)."""
+    _get_data().has_writer = True
+
+
 async def to_code_micronova_listener(mv, var, config):
+    _get_data().listener_count += 1
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    cg.add(mv.register_micronova_listener(var))
     cg.add(var.set_memory_location(config[CONF_MEMORY_LOCATION]))
     cg.add(var.set_memory_address(config[CONF_MEMORY_ADDRESS]))
+    # Register listener as last step as we need all properties set before registering
+    cg.add(mv.register_micronova_listener(var))
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    enable_rx_pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_ENABLE_RX_PIN])
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], enable_rx_pin)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
-    enable_rx_pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_ENABLE_RX_PIN])
-    cg.add(var.set_enable_rx_pin(enable_rx_pin))
+    CORE.add_job(_final_step)
+
+
+@coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
+async def _final_step() -> None:
+    """Add defines for listener and writer counts after all are registered."""
+    data = _get_data()
+    if data.listener_count == 0 and not data.has_writer:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            "No micronova entities configured. Add at least one micronova entity."
+        )
+    if data.listener_count > 255:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"Too many micronova reading entities ({data.listener_count}). Maximum is 255."
+        )
+    if data.listener_count > 0:
+        cg.add_define("MICRONOVA_LISTENER_COUNT", data.listener_count)
+
+    if data.has_writer:
+        cg.add_define("USE_MICRONOVA_WRITER")
diff --git a/esphome/components/micronova/button/__init__.py b/esphome/components/micronova/button/__init__.py
index 6adf8d96fe..1ef359ea6c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/micronova/button/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/micronova/button/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from .. import (
     MICRONOVA_ADDRESS_SCHEMA,
     MicroNova,
     micronova_ns,
+    register_micronova_writer,
 )
 
 MicroNovaButton = micronova_ns.class_("MicroNovaButton", button.Button, cg.Component)
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     mv = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MICRONOVA_ID])
 
     if custom_button_config := config.get(CONF_CUSTOM_BUTTON):
+        register_micronova_writer()
         bt = await button.new_button(custom_button_config, mv)
         cg.add(bt.set_memory_location(custom_button_config[CONF_MEMORY_LOCATION]))
         cg.add(bt.set_memory_address(custom_button_config[CONF_MEMORY_ADDRESS]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/micronova/button/micronova_button.cpp b/esphome/components/micronova/button/micronova_button.cpp
index 3f49d4b5b3..13c0e1f117 100644
--- a/esphome/components/micronova/button/micronova_button.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/micronova/button/micronova_button.cpp
@@ -2,9 +2,15 @@
 
 namespace esphome::micronova {
 
+static const char *const TAG = "micronova.button";
+
+void MicroNovaButton::dump_config() {
+  LOG_BUTTON("", "Micronova button", this);
+  this->dump_base_config();
+}
+
 void MicroNovaButton::press_action() {
-  this->micronova_->write_address(this->memory_location_, this->memory_address_, this->memory_data_);
-  this->micronova_->request_update_listeners();
+  this->micronova_->queue_write_command(this->memory_location_, this->memory_address_, this->memory_data_);
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::micronova
diff --git a/esphome/components/micronova/button/micronova_button.h b/esphome/components/micronova/button/micronova_button.h
index 951ae8bba3..0258dbb53c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/micronova/button/micronova_button.h
+++ b/esphome/components/micronova/button/micronova_button.h
@@ -6,19 +6,18 @@
 
 namespace esphome::micronova {
 
-class MicroNovaButton : public Component, public button::Button, public MicroNovaButtonListener {
+class MicroNovaButton : public Component, public button::Button, public MicroNovaBaseListener {
  public:
-  MicroNovaButton(MicroNova *m) : MicroNovaButtonListener(m) {}
-  void dump_config() override {
-    LOG_BUTTON("", "Micronova button", this);
-    this->dump_base_config();
-  }
+  MicroNovaButton(MicroNova *m) : MicroNovaBaseListener(m) {}
+  void dump_config() override;
 
   void set_memory_data(uint8_t f) { this->memory_data_ = f; }
   uint8_t get_memory_data() { return this->memory_data_; }
 
  protected:
   void press_action() override;
+
+  uint8_t memory_data_ = 0;
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::micronova
diff --git a/esphome/components/micronova/micronova.cpp b/esphome/components/micronova/micronova.cpp
index 22daef4fe6..c2e3ef8640 100644
--- a/esphome/components/micronova/micronova.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/micronova/micronova.cpp
@@ -3,8 +3,12 @@
 
 namespace esphome::micronova {
 
-static const int STOVE_REPLY_DELAY = 60;
-static const uint8_t WRITE_BIT = 1 << 7;  // 0x80
+static const char *const TAG = "micronova";
+static constexpr uint8_t STOVE_REPLY_SIZE = 2;
+static constexpr uint32_t STOVE_REPLY_TIMEOUT = 200;  // ms
+static constexpr uint8_t WRITE_BIT = 1 << 7;          // 0x80
+
+bool MicroNovaCommand::is_write() const { return this->memory_location & WRITE_BIT; }
 
 void MicroNovaBaseListener::dump_base_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
@@ -18,139 +22,193 @@ void MicroNovaListener::dump_base_config() {
   LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
 }
 
+void MicroNovaListener::request_value_from_stove_() {
+  this->micronova_->queue_read_request(this->memory_location_, this->memory_address_);
+}
+
 void MicroNova::setup() {
-  if (this->enable_rx_pin_ != nullptr) {
-    this->enable_rx_pin_->setup();
-    this->enable_rx_pin_->pin_mode(gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT);
-    this->enable_rx_pin_->digital_write(false);
-  }
-  this->current_transmission_.request_transmission_time = millis();
-  this->current_transmission_.memory_location = 0;
-  this->current_transmission_.memory_address = 0;
-  this->current_transmission_.reply_pending = false;
-  this->current_transmission_.initiating_listener = nullptr;
+  this->enable_rx_pin_->setup();
+  this->enable_rx_pin_->pin_mode(gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT);
+  this->enable_rx_pin_->digital_write(false);
 }
 
 void MicroNova::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "MicroNova:");
-  if (this->enable_rx_pin_ != nullptr) {
-    LOG_PIN("  Enable RX Pin: ", this->enable_rx_pin_);
-  }
+  LOG_PIN("  Enable RX Pin: ", this->enable_rx_pin_);
 }
 
-void MicroNova::request_update_listeners() {
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Schedule listener update");
-  for (auto &mv_listener : this->micronova_listeners_) {
-    mv_listener->set_needs_update(true);
+#ifdef MICRONOVA_LISTENER_COUNT
+void MicroNova::register_micronova_listener(MicroNovaListener *listener) {
+  this->listeners_.push_back(listener);
+  // Request initial value
+  this->queue_read_request(listener->get_memory_location(), listener->get_memory_address());
+}
+
+void MicroNova::request_update_listeners_() {
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Requesting update from all listeners");
+  for (auto *listener : this->listeners_) {
+    this->queue_read_request(listener->get_memory_location(), listener->get_memory_address());
   }
 }
+#endif
 
 void MicroNova::loop() {
-  // Only read one sensor that needs update per loop
-  // If STOVE_REPLY_DELAY time has passed since last loop()
-  // check for a reply from the stove
-  if ((this->current_transmission_.reply_pending) &&
-      (millis() - this->current_transmission_.request_transmission_time > STOVE_REPLY_DELAY)) {
-    int stove_reply_value = this->read_stove_reply();
-    if (this->current_transmission_.initiating_listener != nullptr) {
-      this->current_transmission_.initiating_listener->process_value_from_stove(stove_reply_value);
-      this->current_transmission_.initiating_listener = nullptr;
-    }
-    this->current_transmission_.reply_pending = false;
-    return;
-  } else if (!this->current_transmission_.reply_pending) {
-    for (auto &mv_listener : this->micronova_listeners_) {
-      if (mv_listener->get_needs_update()) {
-        mv_listener->set_needs_update(false);
-        this->current_transmission_.initiating_listener = mv_listener;
-        mv_listener->request_value_from_stove();
-        return;
+  // Check if we're processing a command and waiting for reply
+  if (this->reply_pending_) {
+    // Check if all reply bytes have arrived
+    if (this->available() >= STOVE_REPLY_SIZE) {
+#ifdef MICRONOVA_LISTENER_COUNT
+      int stove_reply_value = this->read_stove_reply_();
+      if (this->current_command_.is_write()) {
+        if (stove_reply_value == -1) {
+          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Write to [0x%02X:0x%02X] may have failed (checksum mismatch in reply)",
+                   this->current_command_.memory_location & ~WRITE_BIT, this->current_command_.memory_address);
+        }
+      } else {
+        // For READ commands, notify all listeners registered for this address
+        uint8_t loc = this->current_command_.memory_location;
+        uint8_t addr = this->current_command_.memory_address;
+        for (auto *listener : this->listeners_) {
+          if (listener->get_memory_location() == loc && listener->get_memory_address() == addr) {
+            listener->process_value_from_stove(stove_reply_value);
+          }
+        }
       }
+#else
+      this->read_stove_reply_();
+#endif
+      this->reply_pending_ = false;
+    } else if (millis() - this->transmission_time_ > STOVE_REPLY_TIMEOUT) {
+      // Timeout - no reply received (buffer cleared before next command)
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Timeout waiting for reply from [0x%02X:0x%02X], available: %d",
+               this->current_command_.memory_location, this->current_command_.memory_address, this->available());
+      this->reply_pending_ = false;
     }
+    return;
   }
+
+  // No reply pending - process next command (writes have priority over reads)
+#ifdef USE_MICRONOVA_WRITER
+  if (!this->write_queue_.empty()) {
+    this->current_command_ = this->write_queue_.front();
+    this->write_queue_.pop();
+    this->send_current_command_();
+    return;
+  }
+#endif
+#ifdef MICRONOVA_LISTENER_COUNT
+  if (!this->read_queue_.empty()) {
+    this->current_command_ = this->read_queue_.front();
+    this->read_queue_.pop();
+    this->send_current_command_();
+  }
+#endif
 }
 
-void MicroNova::request_address(uint8_t location, uint8_t address, MicroNovaListener *listener) {
-  uint8_t write_data[2] = {0, 0};
+#ifdef MICRONOVA_LISTENER_COUNT
+void MicroNova::queue_read_request(uint8_t location, uint8_t address) {
+  // Check if this read is already queued
+  for (const auto &queued : this->read_queue_) {
+    if (queued.memory_location == location && queued.memory_address == address) {
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Read [%02X,%02X] already queued, skipping", location, address);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  MicroNovaCommand cmd;
+  cmd.memory_location = location;
+  cmd.memory_address = address;
+  cmd.data = 0;
+
+  if (!this->read_queue_.push(cmd)) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Read queue full, dropping read [%02X,%02X]", location, address);
+    return;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Queued read [%02X,%02X] (queue size: %u)", location, address, this->read_queue_.size());
+}
+#endif
+
+void MicroNova::send_current_command_() {
   uint8_t trash_rx;
 
-  if (this->reply_pending_mutex_.try_lock()) {
-    // clear rx buffer.
-    // Stove hickups may cause late replies in the rx
-    while (this->available()) {
-      this->read_byte(&trash_rx);
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Reading excess byte 0x%02X", trash_rx);
-    }
-
-    write_data[0] = location;
-    write_data[1] = address;
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Request from stove [%02X,%02X]", write_data[0], write_data[1]);
-
-    this->enable_rx_pin_->digital_write(true);
-    this->write_array(write_data, 2);
-    this->flush();
-    this->enable_rx_pin_->digital_write(false);
-
-    this->current_transmission_.request_transmission_time = millis();
-    this->current_transmission_.memory_location = location;
-    this->current_transmission_.memory_address = address;
-    this->current_transmission_.reply_pending = true;
-    this->current_transmission_.initiating_listener = listener;
-  } else {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Reply is pending, skipping read request");
+  // Clear rx buffer - stove hiccups may cause late replies in the rx
+  while (this->available()) {
+    this->read_byte(&trash_rx);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Reading excess byte 0x%02X", trash_rx);
   }
+
+  uint8_t write_data[4] = {this->current_command_.memory_location, this->current_command_.memory_address, 0, 0};
+  size_t write_len;
+
+  if (this->current_command_.is_write()) {
+    write_len = 4;
+    write_data[2] = this->current_command_.data;
+    // calculate checksum
+    write_data[3] = write_data[0] + write_data[1] + write_data[2];
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Sending write request [%02X,%02X,%02X,%02X]", write_data[0], write_data[1], write_data[2],
+             write_data[3]);
+  } else {
+    write_len = 2;
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Sending read request [%02X,%02X]", write_data[0], write_data[1]);
+  }
+
+  this->enable_rx_pin_->digital_write(true);
+  this->write_array(write_data, write_len);
+  this->flush();
+  this->enable_rx_pin_->digital_write(false);
+
+  this->transmission_time_ = millis();
+  this->reply_pending_ = true;
 }
 
-int MicroNova::read_stove_reply() {
+int MicroNova::read_stove_reply_() {
   uint8_t reply_data[2] = {0, 0};
-  uint8_t checksum = 0;
 
-  // assert enable_rx_pin is false
   this->read_array(reply_data, 2);
 
-  this->reply_pending_mutex_.unlock();
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Reply from stove [%02X,%02X]", reply_data[0], reply_data[1]);
 
-  checksum = ((uint16_t) this->current_transmission_.memory_location +
-              (uint16_t) this->current_transmission_.memory_address + (uint16_t) reply_data[1]) &
-             0xFF;
+  uint8_t checksum = this->current_command_.memory_location + this->current_command_.memory_address + reply_data[1];
   if (reply_data[0] != checksum) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Checksum missmatch! From [0x%02X:0x%02X] received [0x%02X,0x%02X]. Expected 0x%02X, got 0x%02X",
-             this->current_transmission_.memory_location, this->current_transmission_.memory_address, reply_data[0],
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Checksum mismatch! From [0x%02X:0x%02X] received [0x%02X,0x%02X]. Expected 0x%02X, got 0x%02X",
+             this->current_command_.memory_location, this->current_command_.memory_address, reply_data[0],
              reply_data[1], checksum, reply_data[0]);
     return -1;
   }
   return ((int) reply_data[1]);
 }
 
-void MicroNova::write_address(uint8_t location, uint8_t address, uint8_t data) {
-  uint8_t write_data[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
-  uint16_t checksum = 0;
+#ifdef USE_MICRONOVA_WRITER
+bool MicroNova::queue_write_command(uint8_t location, uint8_t address, uint8_t data) {
+  MicroNovaCommand cmd;
+  cmd.memory_location = location | WRITE_BIT;
+  cmd.memory_address = address;
+  cmd.data = data;
 
-  if (this->reply_pending_mutex_.try_lock()) {
-    uint8_t write_location = location | WRITE_BIT;
-    write_data[0] = write_location;
-    write_data[1] = address;
-    write_data[2] = data;
-
-    checksum = ((uint16_t) write_data[0] + (uint16_t) write_data[1] + (uint16_t) write_data[2]) & 0xFF;
-    write_data[3] = checksum;
-
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Write 4 bytes [%02X,%02X,%02X,%02X]", write_data[0], write_data[1], write_data[2], write_data[3]);
-
-    this->enable_rx_pin_->digital_write(true);
-    this->write_array(write_data, 4);
-    this->flush();
-    this->enable_rx_pin_->digital_write(false);
-
-    this->current_transmission_.request_transmission_time = millis();
-    this->current_transmission_.memory_location = write_location;
-    this->current_transmission_.memory_address = address;
-    this->current_transmission_.reply_pending = true;
-    this->current_transmission_.initiating_listener = nullptr;
-  } else {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Reply is pending, skipping write");
+  // Check if a write to the same address is already queued - update data in-place
+  for (auto &queued : this->write_queue_) {
+    if (queued.memory_location == cmd.memory_location && queued.memory_address == cmd.memory_address) {
+      if (queued.data != cmd.data) {
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Updating queued write [%02X,%02X] data 0x%02X -> 0x%02X", location, address, queued.data, data);
+        queued.data = cmd.data;
+      } else {
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Write [%02X,%02X] with data 0x%02X already queued, skipping", location, address, data);
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
   }
+
+  if (!this->write_queue_.push(cmd)) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Write queue full, dropping command");
+    return false;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Queued write [%02X,%02X] (queue size: %u)", location, address, this->write_queue_.size());
+#ifdef MICRONOVA_LISTENER_COUNT
+  // Automatically queue sensor updates after write commands
+  this->request_update_listeners_();
+#endif
+  return true;
 }
+#endif
 
 }  // namespace esphome::micronova
diff --git a/esphome/components/micronova/micronova.h b/esphome/components/micronova/micronova.h
index a70f355ead..58cca30b83 100644
--- a/esphome/components/micronova/micronova.h
+++ b/esphome/components/micronova/micronova.h
@@ -6,11 +6,19 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#include <vector>
-
 namespace esphome::micronova {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "micronova";
+static constexpr uint8_t WRITE_QUEUE_SIZE = 10;
+
+/// Represents a command to be sent to the stove
+/// Write commands have the high bit (0x80) set in memory_location
+struct MicroNovaCommand {
+  uint8_t memory_location;
+  uint8_t memory_address;
+  uint8_t data;  ///< Only used for write commands
+
+  bool is_write() const;
+};
 
 class MicroNova;
 
@@ -18,11 +26,8 @@ class MicroNova;
 // Interface classes.
 class MicroNovaBaseListener {
  public:
-  MicroNovaBaseListener() {}
   MicroNovaBaseListener(MicroNova *m) { this->micronova_ = m; }
 
-  void set_micronova_object(MicroNova *m) { this->micronova_ = m; }
-
   void set_memory_location(uint8_t l) { this->memory_location_ = l; }
   uint8_t get_memory_location() { return this->memory_location_; }
 
@@ -32,70 +37,76 @@ class MicroNovaBaseListener {
   void dump_base_config();
 
  protected:
-  MicroNova *micronova_{nullptr};
+  MicroNova *micronova_;
   uint8_t memory_location_ = 0;
   uint8_t memory_address_ = 0;
 };
 
 class MicroNovaListener : public MicroNovaBaseListener, public PollingComponent {
  public:
-  MicroNovaListener() {}
   MicroNovaListener(MicroNova *m) : MicroNovaBaseListener(m) {}
-  virtual void request_value_from_stove() = 0;
+
+  void update() override { this->request_value_from_stove_(); }
+
   virtual void process_value_from_stove(int value_from_stove) = 0;
 
-  void set_needs_update(bool u) { this->needs_update_ = u; }
-  bool get_needs_update() { return this->needs_update_; }
-
-  void update() override { this->set_needs_update(true); }
-
   void dump_base_config();
 
  protected:
-  bool needs_update_ = false;
-};
-
-class MicroNovaButtonListener : public MicroNovaBaseListener {
- public:
-  MicroNovaButtonListener(MicroNova *m) : MicroNovaBaseListener(m) {}
-
- protected:
-  uint8_t memory_data_ = 0;
+  void request_value_from_stove_();
 };
 
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Main component class
 class MicroNova : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
  public:
-  MicroNova() {}
+  MicroNova(GPIOPin *enable_rx_pin) : enable_rx_pin_(enable_rx_pin) {}
 
   void setup() override;
   void loop() override;
   void dump_config() override;
-  void register_micronova_listener(MicroNovaListener *l) { this->micronova_listeners_.push_back(l); }
-  void request_update_listeners();
 
-  void request_address(uint8_t location, uint8_t address, MicroNovaListener *listener);
-  void write_address(uint8_t location, uint8_t address, uint8_t data);
-  int read_stove_reply();
+#ifdef MICRONOVA_LISTENER_COUNT
+  void register_micronova_listener(MicroNovaListener *listener);
 
-  void set_enable_rx_pin(GPIOPin *enable_rx_pin) { this->enable_rx_pin_ = enable_rx_pin; }
+  /// Queue a read request to the stove (low priority - added at back)
+  /// All listeners registered for this address will be notified with the result
+  /// @param location Memory location on the stove
+  /// @param address Memory address on the stove
+  void queue_read_request(uint8_t location, uint8_t address);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_MICRONOVA_WRITER
+  /// Queue a write command to the stove (processed before reads)
+  /// @param location Memory location on the stove
+  /// @param address Memory address on the stove
+  /// @param data Data to write
+  /// @return true if command was queued, false if queue was full
+  bool queue_write_command(uint8_t location, uint8_t address, uint8_t data);
+#endif
 
  protected:
-  GPIOPin *enable_rx_pin_{nullptr};
+  void send_current_command_();
+  int read_stove_reply_();
+#ifdef MICRONOVA_LISTENER_COUNT
+  void request_update_listeners_();
+#endif
 
-  struct MicroNovaSerialTransmission {
-    uint32_t request_transmission_time;
-    uint8_t memory_location;
-    uint8_t memory_address;
-    bool reply_pending;
-    MicroNovaListener *initiating_listener;
-  };
+  GPIOPin *enable_rx_pin_;
 
-  Mutex reply_pending_mutex_;
-  MicroNovaSerialTransmission current_transmission_;
+#ifdef USE_MICRONOVA_WRITER
+  StaticRingBuffer<MicroNovaCommand, WRITE_QUEUE_SIZE> write_queue_;
+#endif
+#ifdef MICRONOVA_LISTENER_COUNT
+  StaticRingBuffer<MicroNovaCommand, MICRONOVA_LISTENER_COUNT> read_queue_;
+#endif
+  MicroNovaCommand current_command_{};
+  uint32_t transmission_time_{0};  ///< Time when current command was sent
+  bool reply_pending_{false};      ///< True if we are waiting for a reply from the stove
 
-  std::vector<MicroNovaListener *> micronova_listeners_{};
+#ifdef MICRONOVA_LISTENER_COUNT
+  StaticVector<MicroNovaListener *, MICRONOVA_LISTENER_COUNT> listeners_;
+#endif
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::micronova
diff --git a/esphome/components/micronova/number/__init__.py b/esphome/components/micronova/number/__init__.py
index ef6cc0f7d7..bcc972c5a9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/micronova/number/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/micronova/number/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from .. import (
     MicroNova,
     MicroNovaListener,
     micronova_ns,
+    register_micronova_writer,
     to_code_micronova_listener,
 )
 
@@ -59,22 +60,24 @@ async def to_code(config):
     mv = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MICRONOVA_ID])
 
     if thermostat_temperature_config := config.get(CONF_THERMOSTAT_TEMPERATURE):
+        register_micronova_writer()
         numb = await number.new_number(
             thermostat_temperature_config,
+            mv,
             min_value=0,
             max_value=40,
             step=thermostat_temperature_config.get(CONF_STEP),
         )
         await to_code_micronova_listener(mv, numb, thermostat_temperature_config)
-        cg.add(numb.set_micronova_object(mv))
         cg.add(numb.set_use_step_scaling(True))
 
     if power_level_config := config.get(CONF_POWER_LEVEL):
+        register_micronova_writer()
         numb = await number.new_number(
             power_level_config,
+            mv,
             min_value=1,
             max_value=5,
             step=1,
         )
         await to_code_micronova_listener(mv, numb, power_level_config)
-        cg.add(numb.set_micronova_object(mv))
diff --git a/esphome/components/micronova/number/micronova_number.cpp b/esphome/components/micronova/number/micronova_number.cpp
index 8027947468..02a6de1c84 100644
--- a/esphome/components/micronova/number/micronova_number.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/micronova/number/micronova_number.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,13 @@
 
 namespace esphome::micronova {
 
+static const char *const TAG = "micronova.number";
+
+void MicroNovaNumber::dump_config() {
+  LOG_NUMBER("", "Micronova number", this);
+  this->dump_base_config();
+}
+
 void MicroNovaNumber::process_value_from_stove(int value_from_stove) {
   if (value_from_stove == -1) {
     this->publish_state(NAN);
@@ -22,8 +29,7 @@ void MicroNovaNumber::control(float value) {
   } else {
     new_number = static_cast<uint8_t>(value);
   }
-  this->micronova_->write_address(this->memory_location_, this->memory_address_, new_number);
-  this->micronova_->request_update_listeners();
+  this->micronova_->queue_write_command(this->memory_location_, this->memory_address_, new_number);
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::micronova
diff --git a/esphome/components/micronova/number/micronova_number.h b/esphome/components/micronova/number/micronova_number.h
index 3fc5838a4f..73666b632b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/micronova/number/micronova_number.h
+++ b/esphome/components/micronova/number/micronova_number.h
@@ -7,16 +7,9 @@ namespace esphome::micronova {
 
 class MicroNovaNumber : public number::Number, public MicroNovaListener {
  public:
-  MicroNovaNumber() {}
   MicroNovaNumber(MicroNova *m) : MicroNovaListener(m) {}
-  void dump_config() override {
-    LOG_NUMBER("", "Micronova number", this);
-    this->dump_base_config();
-  }
+  void dump_config() override;
   void control(float value) override;
-  void request_value_from_stove() override {
-    this->micronova_->request_address(this->memory_location_, this->memory_address_, this);
-  }
   void process_value_from_stove(int value_from_stove) override;
 
   void set_use_step_scaling(bool v) { this->use_step_scaling_ = v; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/micronova/sensor/micronova_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/micronova/sensor/micronova_sensor.cpp
index d845e0ab3c..8d528145cd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/micronova/sensor/micronova_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/micronova/sensor/micronova_sensor.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,13 @@
 
 namespace esphome::micronova {
 
+static const char *const TAG = "micronova.sensor";
+
+void MicroNovaSensor::dump_config() {
+  LOG_SENSOR("", "Micronova sensor", this);
+  this->dump_base_config();
+}
+
 void MicroNovaSensor::process_value_from_stove(int value_from_stove) {
   if (value_from_stove == -1) {
     this->publish_state(NAN);
diff --git a/esphome/components/micronova/sensor/micronova_sensor.h b/esphome/components/micronova/sensor/micronova_sensor.h
index a2f232c7dc..f3b06d140e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/micronova/sensor/micronova_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/micronova/sensor/micronova_sensor.h
@@ -8,14 +8,8 @@ namespace esphome::micronova {
 class MicroNovaSensor : public sensor::Sensor, public MicroNovaListener {
  public:
   MicroNovaSensor(MicroNova *m) : MicroNovaListener(m) {}
-  void dump_config() override {
-    LOG_SENSOR("", "Micronova sensor", this);
-    this->dump_base_config();
-  }
+  void dump_config() override;
 
-  void request_value_from_stove() override {
-    this->micronova_->request_address(this->memory_location_, this->memory_address_, this);
-  }
   void process_value_from_stove(int value_from_stove) override;
 
   void set_divisor(uint8_t d) { this->divisor_ = d; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/micronova/switch/__init__.py b/esphome/components/micronova/switch/__init__.py
index c937a4cac9..d9722b5d48 100644
--- a/esphome/components/micronova/switch/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/micronova/switch/__init__.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from .. import (
     MicroNova,
     MicroNovaListener,
     micronova_ns,
+    register_micronova_writer,
     to_code_micronova_listener,
 )
 
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     mv = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MICRONOVA_ID])
 
     if stove_config := config.get(CONF_STOVE):
+        register_micronova_writer()
         sw = await switch.new_switch(stove_config, mv)
         await to_code_micronova_listener(mv, sw, stove_config)
         cg.add(sw.set_memory_data_on(stove_config[CONF_MEMORY_DATA_ON]))
diff --git a/esphome/components/micronova/switch/micronova_switch.cpp b/esphome/components/micronova/switch/micronova_switch.cpp
index 9b9ad61018..d01cc57254 100644
--- a/esphome/components/micronova/switch/micronova_switch.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/micronova/switch/micronova_switch.cpp
@@ -2,33 +2,42 @@
 
 namespace esphome::micronova {
 
+static const char *const TAG = "micronova.switch";
+
+void MicroNovaSwitch::dump_config() {
+  LOG_SWITCH("", "Micronova switch", this);
+  this->dump_base_config();
+}
+
 void MicroNovaSwitch::write_state(bool state) {
   if (state) {
     // Only send power-on when current state is Off
     if (this->raw_state_ == 0) {
-      this->micronova_->write_address(this->memory_location_, this->memory_address_, this->memory_data_on_);
-      this->publish_state(true);
+      if (this->micronova_->queue_write_command(this->memory_location_, this->memory_address_, this->memory_data_on_)) {
+        this->publish_state(true);
+      }
     } else {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unable to turn stove on, invalid state: %d", this->raw_state_);
     }
   } else {
     // don't send power-off when status is Off or Final cleaning
     if (this->raw_state_ != 0 && this->raw_state_ != 6) {
-      this->micronova_->write_address(this->memory_location_, this->memory_address_, this->memory_data_off_);
-      this->publish_state(false);
+      if (this->micronova_->queue_write_command(this->memory_location_, this->memory_address_,
+                                                this->memory_data_off_)) {
+        this->publish_state(false);
+      }
     } else {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unable to turn stove off, invalid state: %d", this->raw_state_);
     }
   }
-  this->set_needs_update(true);
 }
 
 void MicroNovaSwitch::process_value_from_stove(int value_from_stove) {
-  this->raw_state_ = value_from_stove;
   if (value_from_stove == -1) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error reading stove state");
     return;
   }
+  this->raw_state_ = value_from_stove;
 
   // set the stove switch to on for any value but 0
   bool state = value_from_stove != 0;
diff --git a/esphome/components/micronova/switch/micronova_switch.h b/esphome/components/micronova/switch/micronova_switch.h
index 96c2c14e9e..fee3c73976 100644
--- a/esphome/components/micronova/switch/micronova_switch.h
+++ b/esphome/components/micronova/switch/micronova_switch.h
@@ -9,13 +9,7 @@ namespace esphome::micronova {
 class MicroNovaSwitch : public switch_::Switch, public MicroNovaListener {
  public:
   MicroNovaSwitch(MicroNova *m) : MicroNovaListener(m) {}
-  void dump_config() override {
-    LOG_SWITCH("", "Micronova switch", this);
-    this->dump_base_config();
-  }
-  void request_value_from_stove() override {
-    this->micronova_->request_address(this->memory_location_, this->memory_address_, this);
-  }
+  void dump_config() override;
   void process_value_from_stove(int value_from_stove) override;
 
   void set_memory_data_on(uint8_t f) { this->memory_data_on_ = f; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/micronova/text_sensor/micronova_text_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/micronova/text_sensor/micronova_text_sensor.cpp
index 2217ed6d6f..50a0d34b3a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/micronova/text_sensor/micronova_text_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/micronova/text_sensor/micronova_text_sensor.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,13 @@
 
 namespace esphome::micronova {
 
+static const char *const TAG = "micronova.text_sensor";
+
+void MicroNovaTextSensor::dump_config() {
+  LOG_TEXT_SENSOR("", "Micronova text sensor", this);
+  this->dump_base_config();
+}
+
 void MicroNovaTextSensor::process_value_from_stove(int value_from_stove) {
   if (value_from_stove == -1) {
     this->publish_state("unknown");
diff --git a/esphome/components/micronova/text_sensor/micronova_text_sensor.h b/esphome/components/micronova/text_sensor/micronova_text_sensor.h
index 290f0ca45a..6918a372e8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/micronova/text_sensor/micronova_text_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/micronova/text_sensor/micronova_text_sensor.h
@@ -20,13 +20,7 @@ static const char *const STOVE_STATES[11] = {"Off",
 class MicroNovaTextSensor : public text_sensor::TextSensor, public MicroNovaListener {
  public:
   MicroNovaTextSensor(MicroNova *m) : MicroNovaListener(m) {}
-  void dump_config() override {
-    LOG_TEXT_SENSOR("", "Micronova text sensor", this);
-    this->dump_base_config();
-  }
-  void request_value_from_stove() override {
-    this->micronova_->request_address(this->memory_location_, this->memory_address_, this);
-  }
+  void dump_config() override;
   void process_value_from_stove(int value_from_stove) override;
 };
 
diff --git a/esphome/core/defines.h b/esphome/core/defines.h
index 44918fe00c..cec77fe2e2 100644
--- a/esphome/core/defines.h
+++ b/esphome/core/defines.h
@@ -107,6 +107,8 @@
 #define MDNS_SERVICE_COUNT 3
 #define USE_MDNS_DYNAMIC_TXT
 #define MDNS_DYNAMIC_TXT_COUNT 2
+#define MICRONOVA_LISTENER_COUNT 1
+#define USE_MICRONOVA_WRITER
 #define SERIAL_PROXY_COUNT 2
 #define SNTP_SERVER_COUNT 3
 #define USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
diff --git a/esphome/core/helpers.h b/esphome/core/helpers.h
index 11e0afe526..70ac1574f0 100644
--- a/esphome/core/helpers.h
+++ b/esphome/core/helpers.h
@@ -293,6 +293,81 @@ template<typename T, size_t N> class StaticVector {
   operator std::span<const T>() const { return std::span<const T>(data_.data(), count_); }
 };
 
+/// Fixed-size circular buffer with FIFO semantics and iteration support.
+///
+/// A tiny ring buffer that avoids dynamic allocations from std::deque/std::queue
+/// (which can be wasteful on MCUs), while supporting iteration over queued elements.
+///
+/// Not thread-safe. All access (push/pop/iteration) must occur from a single
+/// context, or the caller must provide external synchronization.
+template<typename T, size_t N> class StaticRingBuffer {
+  using index_type = std::conditional_t<(N <= 255), uint8_t, uint16_t>;
+
+ public:
+  class Iterator {
+   public:
+    Iterator(StaticRingBuffer *buf, index_type pos) : buf_(buf), pos_(pos) {}
+    T &operator*() { return buf_->data_[(buf_->head_ + pos_) % N]; }
+    Iterator &operator++() {
+      ++pos_;
+      return *this;
+    }
+    bool operator!=(const Iterator &other) const { return pos_ != other.pos_; }
+
+   private:
+    StaticRingBuffer *buf_;
+    index_type pos_;
+  };
+
+  class ConstIterator {
+   public:
+    ConstIterator(const StaticRingBuffer *buf, index_type pos) : buf_(buf), pos_(pos) {}
+    const T &operator*() const { return buf_->data_[(buf_->head_ + pos_) % N]; }
+    ConstIterator &operator++() {
+      ++pos_;
+      return *this;
+    }
+    bool operator!=(const ConstIterator &other) const { return pos_ != other.pos_; }
+
+   private:
+    const StaticRingBuffer *buf_;
+    index_type pos_;
+  };
+
+  bool push(const T &value) {
+    if (this->count_ >= N) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    this->data_[this->tail_] = value;
+    this->tail_ = (this->tail_ + 1) % N;
+    ++this->count_;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  void pop() {
+    if (this->count_ > 0) {
+      this->head_ = (this->head_ + 1) % N;
+      --this->count_;
+    }
+  }
+
+  T &front() { return this->data_[this->head_]; }
+  const T &front() const { return this->data_[this->head_]; }
+  index_type size() const { return this->count_; }
+  bool empty() const { return this->count_ == 0; }
+
+  Iterator begin() { return Iterator(this, 0); }
+  Iterator end() { return Iterator(this, this->count_); }
+  ConstIterator begin() const { return ConstIterator(this, 0); }
+  ConstIterator end() const { return ConstIterator(this, this->count_); }
+
+ protected:
+  T data_[N];
+  index_type head_{0};
+  index_type tail_{0};
+  index_type count_{0};
+};
+
 /// Fixed-capacity vector - allocates once at runtime, never reallocates
 /// This avoids std::vector template overhead (_M_realloc_insert, _M_default_append)
 /// when size is known at initialization but not at compile time

From c52a48ed38923eccf0d5c38a70650d34e17a4f22 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Mar 2026 03:11:46 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 531/609] [multiple] Convert static function locals to member
 variables (#14689)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: Jesse Hills <3060199+jesserockz@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/daikin_arc/daikin_arc.cpp  |  5 ++---
 esphome/components/daikin_arc/daikin_arc.h    |  1 +
 esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.cpp      |  5 ++---
 esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.h        |  1 +
 .../components/ina2xx_base/ina2xx_base.cpp    |  5 ++---
 esphome/components/ltr_als_ps/ltr_als_ps.cpp  | 21 +++++++++----------
 esphome/components/ltr_als_ps/ltr_als_ps.h    |  5 ++++-
 .../matrix_keypad/matrix_keypad.cpp           | 12 +++++------
 .../components/matrix_keypad/matrix_keypad.h  |  2 ++
 .../components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp32.cpp    |  9 ++++----
 esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp32.h  |  1 +
 esphome/components/sgp4x/sgp4x.cpp            |  5 +++--
 esphome/components/sgp4x/sgp4x.h              |  3 ++-
 13 files changed, 39 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/daikin_arc/daikin_arc.cpp b/esphome/components/daikin_arc/daikin_arc.cpp
index adb7b9fec7..18f12dbfc6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/daikin_arc/daikin_arc.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/daikin_arc/daikin_arc.cpp
@@ -91,11 +91,10 @@ void DaikinArcClimate::transmit_state() {
   remote_state[5] = this->operation_mode_() | 0x08;
   remote_state[6] = this->temperature_();
   remote_state[7] = this->humidity_();
-  static uint8_t last_humidity = 0x66;
-  if (remote_state[7] != last_humidity && this->mode != climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF) {
+  if (remote_state[7] != this->last_humidity_ && this->mode != climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Set Humditiy: %d, %d\n", (int) this->target_humidity, (int) remote_state[7]);
     remote_header[9] |= 0x10;
-    last_humidity = remote_state[7];
+    this->last_humidity_ = remote_state[7];
   }
   uint16_t fan_speed = this->fan_speed_();
   remote_state[8] = fan_speed >> 8;
diff --git a/esphome/components/daikin_arc/daikin_arc.h b/esphome/components/daikin_arc/daikin_arc.h
index 6cfffd4725..2b4d4375aa 100644
--- a/esphome/components/daikin_arc/daikin_arc.h
+++ b/esphome/components/daikin_arc/daikin_arc.h
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ class DaikinArcClimate : public climate_ir::ClimateIR {
   // Handle received IR Buffer
   bool on_receive(remote_base::RemoteReceiveData data) override;
   bool parse_state_frame_(const uint8_t frame[]);
+  uint8_t last_humidity_{0x66};
 };
 
 }  // namespace daikin_arc
diff --git a/esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.cpp b/esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.cpp
index be5035caa1..b8889ef2bd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.cpp
@@ -1375,9 +1375,8 @@ void HonClimate::process_protocol_reset() {
 
 bool HonClimate::should_get_big_data_() {
   if (this->big_data_sensors_ > 0) {
-    static uint8_t counter = 0;
-    counter = (counter + 1) % 3;
-    return counter == 1;
+    this->big_data_counter_ = (this->big_data_counter_ + 1) % 3;
+    return this->big_data_counter_ == 1;
   }
   return false;
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.h b/esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.h
index 4565ed2981..9bddac3f92 100644
--- a/esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.h
+++ b/esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.h
@@ -188,6 +188,7 @@ class HonClimate : public HaierClimateBase {
   float active_alarm_count_{NAN};
   std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point last_alarm_request_;
   int big_data_sensors_{0};
+  uint8_t big_data_counter_{0};
   esphome::optional<hon_protocol::VerticalSwingMode> current_vertical_swing_{};
   esphome::optional<hon_protocol::HorizontalSwingMode> current_horizontal_swing_{};
   HonSettings settings_{};
diff --git a/esphome/components/ina2xx_base/ina2xx_base.cpp b/esphome/components/ina2xx_base/ina2xx_base.cpp
index 9f510eef74..2d08562e54 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ina2xx_base/ina2xx_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ina2xx_base/ina2xx_base.cpp
@@ -572,9 +572,8 @@ bool INA2XX::write_unsigned_16_(uint8_t reg, uint16_t val) {
 }
 
 bool INA2XX::read_unsigned_(uint8_t reg, uint8_t reg_size, uint64_t &data_out) {
-  static uint8_t rx_buf[5] = {0};  // max buffer size
-
-  if (reg_size > 5) {
+  uint8_t rx_buf[5]{};
+  if (reg_size > sizeof(rx_buf)) {
     return false;
   }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ltr_als_ps/ltr_als_ps.cpp b/esphome/components/ltr_als_ps/ltr_als_ps.cpp
index f9c1474c85..ff335fe34c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ltr_als_ps/ltr_als_ps.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ltr_als_ps/ltr_als_ps.cpp
@@ -137,7 +137,6 @@ void LTRAlsPsComponent::update() {
 
 void LTRAlsPsComponent::loop() {
   ErrorCode err = i2c::ERROR_OK;
-  static uint8_t tries{0};
 
   switch (this->state_) {
     case State::DELAYED_SETUP:
@@ -166,20 +165,20 @@ void LTRAlsPsComponent::loop() {
 
     case State::WAITING_FOR_DATA:
       if (this->is_als_data_ready_(this->als_readings_) == LtrDataAvail::LTR_DATA_OK) {
-        tries = 0;
+        this->read_data_tries_ = 0;
         ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Reading sensor data having gain = %.0fx, time = %d ms", get_gain_coeff(this->als_readings_.gain),
                  get_itime_ms(this->als_readings_.integration_time));
         this->read_sensor_data_(this->als_readings_);
         this->state_ = State::DATA_COLLECTED;
         this->apply_lux_calculation_(this->als_readings_);
-      } else if (tries >= MAX_TRIES) {
+      } else if (this->read_data_tries_ >= MAX_TRIES) {
         ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Can't get data after several tries.");
-        tries = 0;
+        this->read_data_tries_ = 0;
         this->status_set_warning();
         this->state_ = State::IDLE;
         return;
       } else {
-        tries++;
+        this->read_data_tries_++;
       }
       break;
 
@@ -221,21 +220,21 @@ void LTRAlsPsComponent::loop() {
 }
 
 void LTRAlsPsComponent::check_and_trigger_ps_() {
-  static uint32_t last_high_trigger_time{0};
-  static uint32_t last_low_trigger_time{0};
   uint16_t ps_data = this->read_ps_data_();
   uint32_t now = millis();
 
   if (ps_data != this->ps_readings_) {
     this->ps_readings_ = ps_data;
     // Higher values - object is closer to sensor
-    if (ps_data > this->ps_threshold_high_ && now - last_high_trigger_time >= this->ps_cooldown_time_s_ * 1000) {
-      last_high_trigger_time = now;
+    if (ps_data > this->ps_threshold_high_ &&
+        now - this->last_ps_high_trigger_time_ >= this->ps_cooldown_time_s_ * 1000) {
+      this->last_ps_high_trigger_time_ = now;
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Proximity high threshold triggered. Value = %d, Trigger level = %d", ps_data,
                this->ps_threshold_high_);
       this->on_ps_high_trigger_callback_.call();
-    } else if (ps_data < this->ps_threshold_low_ && now - last_low_trigger_time >= this->ps_cooldown_time_s_ * 1000) {
-      last_low_trigger_time = now;
+    } else if (ps_data < this->ps_threshold_low_ &&
+               now - this->last_ps_low_trigger_time_ >= this->ps_cooldown_time_s_ * 1000) {
+      this->last_ps_low_trigger_time_ = now;
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Proximity low threshold triggered. Value = %d, Trigger level = %d", ps_data,
                this->ps_threshold_low_);
       this->on_ps_low_trigger_callback_.call();
diff --git a/esphome/components/ltr_als_ps/ltr_als_ps.h b/esphome/components/ltr_als_ps/ltr_als_ps.h
index c6052300de..3ab2cea074 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ltr_als_ps/ltr_als_ps.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ltr_als_ps/ltr_als_ps.h
@@ -126,10 +126,13 @@ class LTRAlsPsComponent : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
   MeasurementRepeatRate repeat_rate_{MeasurementRepeatRate::REPEAT_RATE_500MS};
   float glass_attenuation_factor_{1.0};
 
+  uint32_t last_ps_high_trigger_time_{0};
+  uint32_t last_ps_low_trigger_time_{0};
   uint16_t ps_cooldown_time_s_{5};
-  PsGain ps_gain_{PsGain::PS_GAIN_16};
   uint16_t ps_threshold_high_{0xffff};
   uint16_t ps_threshold_low_{0x0000};
+  uint8_t read_data_tries_{0};
+  PsGain ps_gain_{PsGain::PS_GAIN_16};
 
   //
   //   Sensors for publishing data
diff --git a/esphome/components/matrix_keypad/matrix_keypad.cpp b/esphome/components/matrix_keypad/matrix_keypad.cpp
index febbe794e4..cc46ba98d6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/matrix_keypad/matrix_keypad.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/matrix_keypad/matrix_keypad.cpp
@@ -27,8 +27,6 @@ void MatrixKeypad::setup() {
 }
 
 void MatrixKeypad::loop() {
-  static uint32_t active_start = 0;
-  static int active_key = -1;
   uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
   int key = -1;
   bool error = false;
@@ -54,8 +52,8 @@ void MatrixKeypad::loop() {
   if (error)
     return;
 
-  if (key != active_key) {
-    if ((active_key != -1) && (this->pressed_key_ == active_key)) {
+  if (key != this->active_key_) {
+    if ((this->active_key_ != -1) && (this->pressed_key_ == this->active_key_)) {
       row = this->pressed_key_ / this->columns_.size();
       col = this->pressed_key_ % this->columns_.size();
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "key @ row %d, col %d released", row, col);
@@ -70,13 +68,13 @@ void MatrixKeypad::loop() {
       this->pressed_key_ = -1;
     }
 
-    active_key = key;
+    this->active_key_ = key;
     if (key == -1)
       return;
-    active_start = now;
+    this->active_start_ = now;
   }
 
-  if ((this->pressed_key_ == key) || (now - active_start < this->debounce_time_))
+  if ((this->pressed_key_ == key) || (now - this->active_start_ < this->debounce_time_))
     return;
 
   row = key / this->columns_.size();
diff --git a/esphome/components/matrix_keypad/matrix_keypad.h b/esphome/components/matrix_keypad/matrix_keypad.h
index 258ab4fadc..8963612d0c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/matrix_keypad/matrix_keypad.h
+++ b/esphome/components/matrix_keypad/matrix_keypad.h
@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@ class MatrixKeypad : public key_provider::KeyProvider, public Component {
   bool has_diodes_{false};
   bool has_pulldowns_{false};
   int pressed_key_ = -1;
+  uint32_t active_start_{0};
+  int active_key_{-1};
 
   std::vector<MatrixKeypadListener *> listeners_{};
   std::vector<MatrixKeyTrigger *> key_triggers_;
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp32.cpp
index 8a7fb965e9..5642fd5f7b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp32.cpp
@@ -150,17 +150,16 @@ void MQTTBackendESP32::mqtt_event_handler_(const Event &event) {
       this->on_publish_.call((int) event.msg_id);
       break;
     case MQTT_EVENT_DATA: {
-      static std::string topic;
       if (!event.topic.empty()) {
         // When a single message arrives as multiple chunks, the topic will be empty
         // on any but the first message, leading to event.topic being an empty string.
         // To ensure handlers get the correct topic, cache the last seen topic to
         // simulate always receiving the topic from underlying library
-        topic = event.topic;
+        this->cached_topic_ = event.topic;
       }
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "MQTT_EVENT_DATA %s", topic.c_str());
-      this->on_message_.call(topic.c_str(), event.data.data(), event.data.size(), event.current_data_offset,
-                             event.total_data_len);
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "MQTT_EVENT_DATA %s", this->cached_topic_.c_str());
+      this->on_message_.call(this->cached_topic_.c_str(), event.data.data(), event.data.size(),
+                             event.current_data_offset, event.total_data_len);
     } break;
     case MQTT_EVENT_ERROR:
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "MQTT_EVENT_ERROR");
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp32.h b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp32.h
index ccc4c4026c..5c4dc413bd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp32.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp32.h
@@ -265,6 +265,7 @@ class MQTTBackendESP32 final : public MQTTBackend {
   CallbackManager<on_unsubscribe_callback_t> on_unsubscribe_;
   CallbackManager<on_message_callback_t> on_message_;
   CallbackManager<on_publish_user_callback_t> on_publish_;
+  std::string cached_topic_;
   std::queue<Event> mqtt_events_;
 
 #if defined(USE_MQTT_IDF_ENQUEUE)
diff --git a/esphome/components/sgp4x/sgp4x.cpp b/esphome/components/sgp4x/sgp4x.cpp
index cb41e374f8..bbf1ffd4c0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sgp4x/sgp4x.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sgp4x/sgp4x.cpp
@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ void SGP4xComponent::self_test_() {
     }
 
     this->self_test_complete_ = true;
+    this->nox_conditioning_start_ = millis();
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Self-test complete");
   });
 }
@@ -161,7 +162,6 @@ void SGP4xComponent::update_gas_indices_() {
 
 void SGP4xComponent::measure_raw_() {
   float humidity = NAN;
-  static uint32_t nox_conditioning_start = millis();
 
   if (!this->self_test_complete_) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Self-test incomplete");
@@ -191,10 +191,11 @@ void SGP4xComponent::measure_raw_() {
     response_words = 1;
   } else {
     // SGP41 sensor must use NOx conditioning command for the first 10 seconds
-    if (millis() - nox_conditioning_start < 10000) {
+    if (this->nox_conditioning_start_.has_value() && millis() - *this->nox_conditioning_start_ < 10000) {
       command = SGP41_CMD_NOX_CONDITIONING;
       response_words = 1;
     } else {
+      this->nox_conditioning_start_.reset();
       command = SGP41_CMD_MEASURE_RAW;
       response_words = 2;
     }
diff --git a/esphome/components/sgp4x/sgp4x.h b/esphome/components/sgp4x/sgp4x.h
index 89fa627c61..6b8b598aff 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sgp4x/sgp4x.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sgp4x/sgp4x.h
@@ -127,8 +127,9 @@ class SGP4xComponent : public PollingComponent, public sensor::Sensor, public se
   uint16_t measure_time_;
   uint8_t samples_read_ = 0;
   uint8_t samples_to_stabilize_ = static_cast<int8_t>(GasIndexAlgorithm_INITIAL_BLACKOUT) * 2;
-
   bool store_baseline_;
+
+  optional<uint32_t> nox_conditioning_start_{};
   ESPPreferenceObject pref_;
   uint32_t seconds_since_last_store_;
   SGP4xBaselines voc_baselines_storage_;

From 4e16f270a3928738460139426748c3d96dafdddd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kevin Ahrendt <kevin.ahrendt@openhomefoundation.org>
Date: Wed, 11 Mar 2026 12:47:58 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 532/609] [speaker_source] Add playlist management (#14652)

---
 .../components/speaker_source/automation.h    |  29 ++
 .../components/speaker_source/media_player.py |  43 ++
 .../speaker_source_media_player.cpp           | 401 ++++++++++++++----
 .../speaker_source_media_player.h             |  46 +-
 tests/components/speaker_source/common.yaml   |   5 +
 5 files changed, 429 insertions(+), 95 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/speaker_source/automation.h

diff --git a/esphome/components/speaker_source/automation.h b/esphome/components/speaker_source/automation.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b436149a03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/speaker_source/automation.h
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
+#include "speaker_source_media_player.h"
+
+namespace esphome::speaker_source {
+
+template<typename... Ts> class SetPlaylistDelayAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  explicit SetPlaylistDelayAction(SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
+
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint8_t, pipeline)
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint32_t, delay)
+
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
+    this->parent_->set_playlist_delay_ms(this->pipeline_.value(x...), this->delay_.value(x...));
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer *parent_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::speaker_source
+
+#endif  // USE_ESP32
diff --git a/esphome/components/speaker_source/media_player.py b/esphome/components/speaker_source/media_player.py
index a44cdcbf01..9080bebcae 100644
--- a/esphome/components/speaker_source/media_player.py
+++ b/esphome/components/speaker_source/media_player.py
@@ -3,13 +3,16 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import audio, media_player, media_source, speaker
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_DELAY,
     CONF_FORMAT,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_NUM_CHANNELS,
     CONF_SAMPLE_RATE,
     CONF_SPEAKER,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["audio"]
@@ -19,6 +22,7 @@ CODEOWNERS = ["@kahrendt"]
 
 CONF_MEDIA_PIPELINE = "media_pipeline"
 CONF_ON_MUTE = "on_mute"
+CONF_PIPELINE = "pipeline"
 CONF_ON_UNMUTE = "on_unmute"
 CONF_ON_VOLUME = "on_volume"
 CONF_SOURCES = "sources"
@@ -36,6 +40,13 @@ SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer = speaker_source_ns.class_(
 PipelineContext = speaker_source_ns.struct("PipelineContext")
 
 Pipeline = speaker_source_ns.enum("Pipeline")
+PIPELINE_ENUM = {
+    "media": Pipeline.MEDIA_PIPELINE,
+}
+
+SetPlaylistDelayAction = speaker_source_ns.class_(
+    "SetPlaylistDelayAction", automation.Action
+)
 
 
 FORMAT_MAPPING = {
@@ -210,3 +221,35 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
             [(cg.float_, "x")],
             on_volume,
         )
+
+
+SET_PLAYLIST_DELAY_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer),
+        cv.Required(CONF_PIPELINE): cv.enum(PIPELINE_ENUM, lower=True),
+        cv.Required(CONF_DELAY): cv.templatable(cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds),
+    }
+)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "speaker_source.set_playlist_delay",
+    SetPlaylistDelayAction,
+    SET_PLAYLIST_DELAY_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def set_playlist_delay_action_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
+    parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, parent)
+
+    cg.add(var.set_pipeline(config[CONF_PIPELINE]))
+
+    template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_DELAY], args, cg.uint32)
+    cg.add(var.set_delay(template_))
+
+    return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/speaker_source/speaker_source_media_player.cpp b/esphome/components/speaker_source/speaker_source_media_player.cpp
index a3679891d2..3724e20667 100644
--- a/esphome/components/speaker_source/speaker_source_media_player.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/speaker_source/speaker_source_media_player.cpp
@@ -135,8 +135,12 @@ void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::handle_media_state_changed_(uint8_t pipeline, med
   PipelineContext &ps = this->pipelines_[pipeline];
 
   if (state == media_source::MediaSourceState::IDLE) {
+    // Track whether this IDLE was from an orchestrator-initiated stop (e.g., NEXT/PREV/PLAY_URI)
+    // so we can suppress spurious PLAYLIST_ADVANCE below
+    bool was_stopping = (ps.stopping_source == source);
+
     // Source went idle - clear stopping flag if this was the source we asked to stop
-    if (ps.stopping_source == source) {
+    if (was_stopping) {
       ps.stopping_source = nullptr;
     }
 
@@ -152,6 +156,11 @@ void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::handle_media_state_changed_(uint8_t pipeline, med
 
       // Finish the speaker to ensure it's ready for the next playback
       ps.speaker->finish();
+
+      // Only advance the playlist if the track finished naturally (not stopped by the orchestrator)
+      if (!was_stopping) {
+        this->queue_command_(MediaPlayerControlCommand::PLAYLIST_ADVANCE, pipeline);
+      }
     }
   } else if (state == media_source::MediaSourceState::PLAYING) {
     // Source started playing - make it the active source if no one else is active
@@ -197,8 +206,9 @@ size_t SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::handle_media_output_(uint8_t pipeline, media_so
   return 0;
 }
 
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Called from main loop (loop)
 media_player::MediaPlayerState SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::get_media_pipeline_state_(
-    media_source::MediaSource *source) const {
+    media_source::MediaSource *source, bool playlist_active, media_player::MediaPlayerState old_state) const {
   if (source != nullptr) {
     switch (source->get_state()) {
       case media_source::MediaSourceState::PLAYING:
@@ -214,97 +224,27 @@ media_player::MediaPlayerState SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::get_media_pipeline_stat
     }
   }
 
+  // No active source. Stay PLAYING during playlist transitions
+  if (playlist_active && old_state == media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_PLAYING) {
+    return media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_PLAYING;
+  }
   return media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_IDLE;
 }
 
 void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::loop() {
   // Process queued control commands
-  MediaPlayerControlCommand control_command;
-
-  // Use peek to check command without removing it
-  if (xQueuePeek(this->media_control_command_queue_, &control_command, 0) == pdTRUE) {
-    bool command_executed = false;
-    uint8_t pipeline = control_command.pipeline;
-
-    switch (control_command.type) {
-      case MediaPlayerControlCommand::PLAY_URI: {
-        command_executed = this->try_execute_play_uri_(*control_command.data.uri, pipeline);
-        break;
-      }
-
-      case MediaPlayerControlCommand::SEND_COMMAND: {
-        PipelineContext &ps = this->pipelines_[pipeline];
-
-        // Determine target source: prefer active, fall back to last
-        media_source::MediaSource *target_source = nullptr;
-        if (ps.active_source != nullptr) {
-          target_source = ps.active_source;
-        } else if (ps.last_source != nullptr) {
-          target_source = ps.last_source;
-        }
-
-        media_player::MediaPlayerCommand player_command = control_command.data.command;
-        switch (player_command) {
-          case media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_TOGGLE: {
-            media_source::MediaSource *active_source = ps.active_source;
-            if ((active_source != nullptr) && (active_source->get_state() == media_source::MediaSourceState::PLAYING)) {
-              if (target_source != nullptr) {
-                target_source->handle_command(media_source::MediaSourceCommand::PAUSE);
-              }
-            } else {
-              if (target_source != nullptr) {
-                target_source->handle_command(media_source::MediaSourceCommand::PLAY);
-              }
-            }
-            break;
-          }
-
-          case media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_PLAY: {
-            if (target_source != nullptr) {
-              target_source->handle_command(media_source::MediaSourceCommand::PLAY);
-            }
-            break;
-          }
-
-          case media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_PAUSE: {
-            if (target_source != nullptr) {
-              target_source->handle_command(media_source::MediaSourceCommand::PAUSE);
-            }
-            break;
-          }
-
-          case media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_STOP: {
-            if (target_source != nullptr) {
-              target_source->handle_command(media_source::MediaSourceCommand::STOP);
-            }
-            break;
-          }
-
-          default:
-            break;
-        }
-
-        command_executed = true;
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Only remove from queue if successfully executed
-    if (command_executed) {
-      xQueueReceive(this->media_control_command_queue_, &control_command, 0);
-
-      // Delete the allocated string for PLAY_URI commands
-      if (control_command.type == MediaPlayerControlCommand::PLAY_URI) {
-        delete control_command.data.uri;
-      }
-    }
-  }
+  this->process_control_queue_();
 
   // Update state based on active sources
   media_player::MediaPlayerState old_state = this->state;
 
   PipelineContext &media_ps = this->pipelines_[MEDIA_PIPELINE];
-  this->state = this->get_media_pipeline_state_(media_ps.active_source);
+
+  // Check playlist state to detect transitions between items
+  bool media_playlist_active = (media_ps.playlist_index < media_ps.playlist.size()) ||
+                               (media_ps.repeat_mode != REPEAT_OFF && !media_ps.playlist.empty());
+
+  this->state = this->get_media_pipeline_state_(media_ps.active_source, media_playlist_active, old_state);
 
   if (this->state != old_state) {
     this->publish_state();
@@ -349,9 +289,9 @@ bool SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::try_execute_play_uri_(const std::string &uri, uin
       // Only send END command once per source - check if we've already asked this source to stop
       if (ps.stopping_source != active_source) {
         ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Pipeline %u: stopping active source", pipeline);
+        ps.stopping_source = active_source;
         active_source->handle_command(media_source::MediaSourceCommand::STOP);
         ps.speaker->stop();
-        ps.stopping_source = active_source;
       }
       return false;  // Leave in queue, retry next loop
     }
@@ -363,9 +303,9 @@ bool SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::try_execute_play_uri_(const std::string &uri, uin
     // Only send STOP command once per source
     if (ps.stopping_source != target_source) {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Pipeline %u: target source busy, stopping", pipeline);
+      ps.stopping_source = target_source;
       target_source->handle_command(media_source::MediaSourceCommand::STOP);
       ps.speaker->stop();
-      ps.stopping_source = target_source;
     }
     return false;  // Leave in queue, retry next loop
   }
@@ -385,6 +325,7 @@ bool SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::try_execute_play_uri_(const std::string &uri, uin
   if (!target_source->play_uri(uri)) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Pipeline %u: Failed to play URI: %s", pipeline, uri.c_str());
     ps.pending_source = nullptr;
+    this->queue_command_(MediaPlayerControlCommand::PLAYLIST_ADVANCE, pipeline);
   }
 
   // Reset pending frame counter for this pipeline since we're starting a new source
@@ -393,6 +334,280 @@ bool SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::try_execute_play_uri_(const std::string &uri, uin
   return true;  // Remove from queue
 }
 
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Called from main loop (process_control_queue_, queue_play_current_, handle_media_state_changed_)
+void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::queue_command_(MediaPlayerControlCommand::Type type, uint8_t pipeline) {
+  MediaPlayerControlCommand cmd{};
+  cmd.type = type;
+  cmd.pipeline = pipeline;
+  if (xQueueSend(this->media_control_command_queue_, &cmd, 0) != pdTRUE) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Queue full, command dropped");
+  }
+}
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Called from main loop via automation commands (direct)
+void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::set_playlist_delay_ms(uint8_t pipeline, uint32_t delay_ms) {
+  if (pipeline < this->pipelines_.size()) {
+    this->pipelines_[pipeline].playlist_delay_ms = delay_ms;
+  }
+}
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Called from main loop (process_control_queue_).
+// The timeout callback also runs on the main loop.
+void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::queue_play_current_(uint8_t pipeline, uint32_t delay_ms) {
+  if (delay_ms > 0) {
+    this->set_timeout(PipelineContext::TIMEOUT_IDS[pipeline], delay_ms,
+                      [this, pipeline]() { this->queue_command_(MediaPlayerControlCommand::PLAY_CURRENT, pipeline); });
+  } else {
+    this->queue_command_(MediaPlayerControlCommand::PLAY_CURRENT, pipeline);
+  }
+}
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Called from main loop (loop)
+void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::process_control_queue_() {
+  MediaPlayerControlCommand control_command;
+
+  // Use peek to check command without removing it
+  if (xQueuePeek(this->media_control_command_queue_, &control_command, 0) != pdTRUE) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  bool command_executed = false;
+  uint8_t pipeline = control_command.pipeline;
+
+  // Get pipeline state
+  PipelineContext &ps = this->pipelines_[pipeline];
+  media_source::MediaSource *active_source = ps.active_source;
+
+  switch (control_command.type) {
+    case MediaPlayerControlCommand::PLAY_URI: {
+      // Always use our local playlist to start playback
+      this->cancel_timeout(PipelineContext::TIMEOUT_IDS[pipeline]);
+      ps.playlist.clear();
+      ps.playlist_index = 0;  // Reset index
+      ps.playlist.push_back(*control_command.data.uri);
+
+      // Queue PLAY_CURRENT to initiate playback
+      this->queue_command_(MediaPlayerControlCommand::PLAY_CURRENT, pipeline);
+      command_executed = true;
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case MediaPlayerControlCommand::ENQUEUE_URI: {
+      // Always add to our local playlist
+      ps.playlist.push_back(*control_command.data.uri);
+
+      // If nothing is playing and no upcoming items are queued, start the new item.
+      bool nothing_playing =
+          (active_source == nullptr) || (active_source->get_state() == media_source::MediaSourceState::IDLE);
+      if (nothing_playing && ps.playlist_index >= ps.playlist.size() - 1) {
+        ps.playlist_index = ps.playlist.size() - 1;  // Point to newly added item
+        this->queue_command_(MediaPlayerControlCommand::PLAY_CURRENT, pipeline);
+      }
+      command_executed = true;
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case MediaPlayerControlCommand::PLAYLIST_ADVANCE: {
+      // Internal message: a track finished, advance to next
+      if (ps.repeat_mode != REPEAT_ONE) {
+        ps.playlist_index++;
+      }
+
+      // Check if we should continue playback
+      if (ps.playlist_index < ps.playlist.size()) {
+        this->queue_play_current_(pipeline, ps.playlist_delay_ms);
+      } else if (ps.repeat_mode == REPEAT_ALL && !ps.playlist.empty()) {
+        ps.playlist_index = 0;
+        this->queue_play_current_(pipeline, ps.playlist_delay_ms);
+      }
+      command_executed = true;
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case MediaPlayerControlCommand::PLAY_CURRENT: {
+      // Play the item at current playlist index
+      if (ps.playlist_index < ps.playlist.size()) {
+        command_executed = this->try_execute_play_uri_(ps.playlist[ps.playlist_index], pipeline);
+      } else {
+        command_executed = true;  // Index out of bounds or empty playlist
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case MediaPlayerControlCommand::SEND_COMMAND: {
+      this->handle_player_command_(control_command.data.command, pipeline);
+      command_executed = true;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Only remove from queue if successfully executed
+  if (command_executed) {
+    xQueueReceive(this->media_control_command_queue_, &control_command, 0);
+
+    // Delete the allocated string for PLAY_URI and ENQUEUE_URI commands
+    if (control_command.type == MediaPlayerControlCommand::PLAY_URI ||
+        control_command.type == MediaPlayerControlCommand::ENQUEUE_URI) {
+      delete control_command.data.uri;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// THREAD CONTEXT: Called from main loop only (via process_control_queue_)
+void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::handle_player_command_(media_player::MediaPlayerCommand player_command,
+                                                      uint8_t pipeline) {
+  PipelineContext &ps = this->pipelines_[pipeline];
+  media_source::MediaSource *active_source = ps.active_source;
+  bool has_internal_playlist = (active_source != nullptr) && active_source->has_internal_playlist();
+
+  // Determine target source: prefer active, fall back to last
+  media_source::MediaSource *target_source = nullptr;
+  if (active_source != nullptr) {
+    target_source = active_source;
+  } else if (ps.last_source != nullptr) {
+    target_source = ps.last_source;
+  }
+
+  switch (player_command) {
+    case media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_TOGGLE: {
+      // Convert TOGGLE to PLAY or PAUSE based on current state
+      if ((active_source != nullptr) && (active_source->get_state() == media_source::MediaSourceState::PLAYING)) {
+        if (target_source != nullptr) {
+          target_source->handle_command(media_source::MediaSourceCommand::PAUSE);
+        }
+      } else if (!has_internal_playlist && active_source == nullptr && !ps.playlist.empty()) {
+        bool last_has_internal_playlist = (ps.last_source != nullptr) && ps.last_source->has_internal_playlist();
+        if (last_has_internal_playlist) {
+          ps.last_source->handle_command(media_source::MediaSourceCommand::PLAY);
+        } else {
+          if (ps.playlist_index >= ps.playlist.size()) {
+            ps.playlist_index = 0;
+          }
+          this->queue_command_(MediaPlayerControlCommand::PLAY_CURRENT, pipeline);
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (target_source != nullptr) {
+          target_source->handle_command(media_source::MediaSourceCommand::PLAY);
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_PLAY: {
+      if (!has_internal_playlist && active_source == nullptr && !ps.playlist.empty()) {
+        bool last_has_internal_playlist = (ps.last_source != nullptr) && ps.last_source->has_internal_playlist();
+        if (last_has_internal_playlist) {
+          ps.last_source->handle_command(media_source::MediaSourceCommand::PLAY);
+        } else {
+          if (ps.playlist_index >= ps.playlist.size()) {
+            ps.playlist_index = 0;
+          }
+          this->queue_command_(MediaPlayerControlCommand::PLAY_CURRENT, pipeline);
+        }
+      } else if (target_source != nullptr) {
+        target_source->handle_command(media_source::MediaSourceCommand::PLAY);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_PAUSE: {
+      if (target_source != nullptr) {
+        target_source->handle_command(media_source::MediaSourceCommand::PAUSE);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_STOP: {
+      if (!has_internal_playlist) {
+        this->cancel_timeout(PipelineContext::TIMEOUT_IDS[pipeline]);
+        ps.playlist.clear();
+        ps.playlist_index = 0;
+      }
+      if (target_source != nullptr) {
+        target_source->handle_command(media_source::MediaSourceCommand::STOP);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_NEXT: {
+      if (!has_internal_playlist) {
+        this->cancel_timeout(PipelineContext::TIMEOUT_IDS[pipeline]);
+        if (ps.playlist_index + 1 < ps.playlist.size()) {
+          ps.playlist_index++;
+          this->queue_command_(MediaPlayerControlCommand::PLAY_CURRENT, pipeline);
+        } else if (ps.repeat_mode == REPEAT_ALL && !ps.playlist.empty()) {
+          ps.playlist_index = 0;
+          this->queue_command_(MediaPlayerControlCommand::PLAY_CURRENT, pipeline);
+        }
+      } else if (target_source != nullptr) {
+        target_source->handle_command(media_source::MediaSourceCommand::NEXT);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_PREVIOUS: {
+      if (!has_internal_playlist) {
+        this->cancel_timeout(PipelineContext::TIMEOUT_IDS[pipeline]);
+        if (ps.playlist_index > 0) {
+          ps.playlist_index--;
+          this->queue_command_(MediaPlayerControlCommand::PLAY_CURRENT, pipeline);
+        } else if (ps.repeat_mode == REPEAT_ALL && !ps.playlist.empty()) {
+          ps.playlist_index = ps.playlist.size() - 1;
+          this->queue_command_(MediaPlayerControlCommand::PLAY_CURRENT, pipeline);
+        }
+      } else if (target_source != nullptr) {
+        target_source->handle_command(media_source::MediaSourceCommand::PREVIOUS);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_REPEAT_ONE:
+      if (!has_internal_playlist) {
+        ps.repeat_mode = REPEAT_ONE;
+      } else if (target_source != nullptr) {
+        target_source->handle_command(media_source::MediaSourceCommand::REPEAT_ONE);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_REPEAT_OFF:
+      if (!has_internal_playlist) {
+        ps.repeat_mode = REPEAT_OFF;
+      } else if (target_source != nullptr) {
+        target_source->handle_command(media_source::MediaSourceCommand::REPEAT_OFF);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_REPEAT_ALL:
+      if (!has_internal_playlist) {
+        ps.repeat_mode = REPEAT_ALL;
+      } else if (target_source != nullptr) {
+        target_source->handle_command(media_source::MediaSourceCommand::REPEAT_ALL);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_CLEAR_PLAYLIST: {
+      if (!has_internal_playlist) {
+        this->cancel_timeout(PipelineContext::TIMEOUT_IDS[pipeline]);
+        if (ps.playlist_index < ps.playlist.size()) {
+          ps.playlist[0] = std::move(ps.playlist[ps.playlist_index]);
+          ps.playlist.resize(1);
+          ps.playlist_index = 0;
+        } else {
+          ps.playlist.clear();
+          ps.playlist_index = 0;
+        }
+      } else if (target_source != nullptr) {
+        target_source->handle_command(media_source::MediaSourceCommand::CLEAR_PLAYLIST);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+
+    default:
+      // TURN_ON, TURN_OFF, ENQUEUE (handled separately with URL), SHUFFLE/UNSHUFFLE (PR3) are no-ops
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
 // THREAD CONTEXT: Called from main loop only. Entry points:
 // - HA/automation commands (direct)
 // - handle_play_uri_request_() via make_call().perform() (deferred from source tasks)
@@ -406,10 +621,17 @@ void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::control(const media_player::MediaPlayerCall &call
 
   auto media_url = call.get_media_url();
   if (media_url.has_value()) {
-    control_command.type = MediaPlayerControlCommand::PLAY_URI;
+    auto command = call.get_command();
+    bool enqueue = command.has_value() && command.value() == media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_ENQUEUE;
+
+    if (enqueue) {
+      control_command.type = MediaPlayerControlCommand::ENQUEUE_URI;
+    } else {
+      control_command.type = MediaPlayerControlCommand::PLAY_URI;
+    }
     // Heap allocation is unavoidable: URIs from Home Assistant are arbitrary-length (media URLs with tokens
-    // can easily exceed 500 bytes). Deleted after the command is consumed. FreeRTOS queues require items to be
-    // copyable, so we store a pointer to the string in the queue rather than the string itself.
+    // can easily exceed 500 bytes). Deleted in process_control_queue_() after the command is consumed. FreeRTOS queues
+    // require items to be copyable, so we store a pointer to the string in the queue rather than the string itself.
     control_command.data.uri = new std::string(media_url.value());
     if (xQueueSend(this->media_control_command_queue_, &control_command, 0) != pdTRUE) {
       delete control_command.data.uri;
@@ -454,6 +676,9 @@ void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::control(const media_player::MediaPlayerCall &call
 }
 
 media_player::MediaPlayerTraits SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::get_traits() {
+  // This media player supports more traits like playlists, repeat, and shuffle, but the ESPHome API currently (March
+  // 2026) doesn't support those commands, so we only report pause support for now since that's used by the frontend and
+  // supported by our player.
   auto traits = media_player::MediaPlayerTraits();
   traits.set_supports_pause(true);
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/speaker_source/speaker_source_media_player.h b/esphome/components/speaker_source/speaker_source_media_player.h
index 7896fef295..0967084504 100644
--- a/esphome/components/speaker_source/speaker_source_media_player.h
+++ b/esphome/components/speaker_source/speaker_source_media_player.h
@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ namespace esphome::speaker_source {
 // - Main loop task: setup(), loop(), dump_config(), handle_media_state_changed_(),
 //   handle_volume_request_(), handle_mute_request_(), handle_play_uri_request_(),
 //   set_volume_(), set_mute_state_(), control(), get_media_pipeline_state_(),
-//   find_source_for_uri_(), try_execute_play_uri_(), save_volume_restore_state_()
+//   find_source_for_uri_(), try_execute_play_uri_(), save_volume_restore_state_(),
+//   process_control_queue_(), handle_player_command_(), queue_command_(), queue_play_current_()
 //
 // - Media source task(s): handle_media_output_() via SourceBinding::write_audio().
 //   Called from each source's decode task thread when streaming audio data.
@@ -49,13 +50,19 @@ namespace esphome::speaker_source {
 // - defer(): SourceBinding::request_volume/request_mute/request_play_uri -> main loop
 // - Atomic fields (active_source, pending_frames): shared between all three thread contexts
 //
-// Non-atomic pipeline fields (last_source, stopping_source, pending_source) are only accessed
-// from the main loop thread.
+// Non-atomic pipeline fields (last_source, stopping_source, pending_source, playlist,
+// playlist_index, repeat_mode) are only accessed from the main loop thread.
 
 enum Pipeline : uint8_t {
   MEDIA_PIPELINE = 0,
 };
 
+enum RepeatMode : uint8_t {
+  REPEAT_OFF = 0,
+  REPEAT_ONE = 1,
+  REPEAT_ALL = 2,
+};
+
 // Forward declaration
 class SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer;
 
@@ -79,6 +86,9 @@ struct SourceBinding : public media_source::MediaSourceListener {
 };
 
 struct PipelineContext {
+  /// @brief Timeout IDs for playlist delay, indexed by Pipeline enum
+  static constexpr const char *const TIMEOUT_IDS[] = {"next_media"};
+
   speaker::Speaker *speaker{nullptr};
   optional<media_player::MediaPlayerSupportedFormat> format;
 
@@ -92,6 +102,14 @@ struct PipelineContext {
   // Uses std::vector because the count varies across instances (multiple speaker_source media players may exist).
   std::vector<std::unique_ptr<SourceBinding>> sources;
 
+  // Dynamic allocation is unavoidable here: URIs from Home Assistant are arbitrary-length strings
+  // (media URLs with tokens can easily exceed 500 bytes), and playlist size is unbounded.
+  // Pre-allocating fixed buffers would waste significant RAM when idle without covering worst cases.
+  std::vector<std::string> playlist;
+  size_t playlist_index{0};
+  RepeatMode repeat_mode{REPEAT_OFF};
+  uint32_t playlist_delay_ms{0};
+
   // Track frames sent to speaker to correlate with playback callbacks.
   // Atomic because it is written from the main loop/source tasks and read/decremented from the speaker playback
   // callback.
@@ -103,14 +121,17 @@ struct PipelineContext {
 
 struct MediaPlayerControlCommand {
   enum Type : uint8_t {
-    PLAY_URI,      // Find a source that can handle this URI and play it
-    SEND_COMMAND,  // Send command to active source
+    PLAY_URI,          // Clear playlist, reset index, add URI, queue PLAY_CURRENT
+    ENQUEUE_URI,       // Add URI to playlist, queue PLAY_CURRENT if idle
+    PLAYLIST_ADVANCE,  // Advance index (or wrap for repeat_all), queue PLAY_CURRENT if more items
+    PLAY_CURRENT,      // Play item at current playlist index (can retry if speaker not ready)
+    SEND_COMMAND,      // Send command to active source
   };
   Type type;
   uint8_t pipeline;
 
   union {
-    std::string *uri;  // Owned pointer, must delete after xQueueReceive (for PLAY_URI)
+    std::string *uri;  // Owned pointer, must delete after xQueueReceive (for PLAY_URI and ENQUEUE_URI)
     media_player::MediaPlayerCommand command;
   } data;
 };
@@ -154,6 +175,8 @@ class SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer : public Component, public media_player::MediaPla
   Trigger<> *get_unmute_trigger() { return &this->unmute_trigger_; }
   Trigger<float> *get_volume_trigger() { return &this->volume_trigger_; }
 
+  void set_playlist_delay_ms(uint8_t pipeline, uint32_t delay_ms);
+
  protected:
   // Callbacks from source bindings (pipeline index is captured at binding creation time)
   size_t handle_media_output_(uint8_t pipeline, media_source::MediaSource *source, const uint8_t *data, size_t length,
@@ -183,11 +206,20 @@ class SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer : public Component, public media_player::MediaPla
 
   /// @brief Determine media player state from the media pipeline's active source
   /// @param media_source Active source for the media pipeline (may be nullptr)
+  /// @param playlist_active Whether the media pipeline's playlist is in progress
+  /// @param old_state Previous media player state (used for transition smoothing)
   /// @return The appropriate MediaPlayerState
-  media_player::MediaPlayerState get_media_pipeline_state_(media_source::MediaSource *media_source) const;
+  media_player::MediaPlayerState get_media_pipeline_state_(media_source::MediaSource *media_source,
+                                                           bool playlist_active,
+                                                           media_player::MediaPlayerState old_state) const;
 
+  void process_control_queue_();
+  void handle_player_command_(media_player::MediaPlayerCommand player_command, uint8_t pipeline);
   bool try_execute_play_uri_(const std::string &uri, uint8_t pipeline);
   media_source::MediaSource *find_source_for_uri_(const std::string &uri, uint8_t pipeline);
+  void queue_command_(MediaPlayerControlCommand::Type type, uint8_t pipeline);
+  void queue_play_current_(uint8_t pipeline, uint32_t delay_ms = 0);
+
   QueueHandle_t media_control_command_queue_;
 
   // Pipeline context for media pipeline. See THREADING MODEL at top of namespace for access rules.
diff --git a/tests/components/speaker_source/common.yaml b/tests/components/speaker_source/common.yaml
index cfcb065f57..9e4c309c06 100644
--- a/tests/components/speaker_source/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/speaker_source/common.yaml
@@ -41,3 +41,8 @@ media_player:
     on_unmute:
       - media_player.play:
           id: media_player_id
+    on_volume:
+      - speaker_source.set_playlist_delay:
+          id: media_player_id
+          pipeline: media
+          delay: 500ms

From 3d4ebe74ce2dc7948d2163cdf11f7f89be3c6dec Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Big Mike <mikelawrence@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Mar 2026 13:00:42 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 533/609] [sensirion_common] Use SmallBufferWithHeapFallback
 helper (#14270)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@home-assistant.io>
---
 .../sensirion_common/i2c_sensirion.cpp        | 19 ++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/sensirion_common/i2c_sensirion.cpp b/esphome/components/sensirion_common/i2c_sensirion.cpp
index 0279e08b9f..6e244faf59 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sensirion_common/i2c_sensirion.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sensirion_common/i2c_sensirion.cpp
@@ -12,24 +12,25 @@ static const char *const TAG = "sensirion_i2c";
 static const size_t BUFFER_STACK_SIZE = 16;
 
 bool SensirionI2CDevice::read_data(uint16_t *data, const uint8_t len) {
-  const size_t num_bytes = len * 3;
-  uint8_t buf[num_bytes];
+  const size_t required_buffer_len = len * 3;
+  SmallBufferWithHeapFallback<BUFFER_STACK_SIZE> buffer(required_buffer_len);
+  uint8_t *temp = buffer.get();
 
-  this->last_error_ = this->read(buf, num_bytes);
+  this->last_error_ = this->read(temp, required_buffer_len);
   if (this->last_error_ != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
     return false;
   }
 
-  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-    const uint8_t j = 3 * i;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    const size_t j = i * 3;
     // Use MSB first since Sensirion devices use CRC-8 with MSB first
-    uint8_t crc = crc8(&buf[j], 2, 0xFF, CRC_POLYNOMIAL, true);
-    if (crc != buf[j + 2]) {
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "CRC invalid @ %d! 0x%02X != 0x%02X", i, buf[j + 2], crc);
+    uint8_t crc = crc8(&temp[j], 2, 0xFF, CRC_POLYNOMIAL, true);
+    if (crc != temp[j + 2]) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "CRC invalid @ %zu! 0x%02X != 0x%02X", i, temp[j + 2], crc);
       this->last_error_ = i2c::ERROR_CRC;
       return false;
     }
-    data[i] = encode_uint16(buf[j], buf[j + 1]);
+    data[i] = encode_uint16(temp[j], temp[j + 1]);
   }
   return true;
 }

From b27165a8427cb45044f7795cb46a3d6d2835cb52 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kevin Ahrendt <kevin.ahrendt@openhomefoundation.org>
Date: Wed, 11 Mar 2026 13:11:00 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 534/609] [speaker_source] Add shuffle support (#14653)

---
 .../speaker_source_media_player.cpp           | 90 +++++++++++++++++--
 .../speaker_source_media_player.h             | 13 +++
 tests/components/speaker_source/common.yaml   |  4 +-
 3 files changed, 100 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/speaker_source/speaker_source_media_player.cpp b/esphome/components/speaker_source/speaker_source_media_player.cpp
index 3724e20667..cf7169df6a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/speaker_source/speaker_source_media_player.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/speaker_source/speaker_source_media_player.cpp
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
+#include <algorithm>
+
 namespace esphome::speaker_source {
 
 static constexpr uint32_t MEDIA_CONTROLS_QUEUE_LENGTH = 20;
@@ -383,7 +385,8 @@ void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::process_control_queue_() {
       // Always use our local playlist to start playback
       this->cancel_timeout(PipelineContext::TIMEOUT_IDS[pipeline]);
       ps.playlist.clear();
-      ps.playlist_index = 0;  // Reset index
+      ps.shuffle_indices.clear();  // Clear shuffle when starting fresh playlist
+      ps.playlist_index = 0;       // Reset index
       ps.playlist.push_back(*control_command.data.uri);
 
       // Queue PLAY_CURRENT to initiate playback
@@ -396,6 +399,11 @@ void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::process_control_queue_() {
       // Always add to our local playlist
       ps.playlist.push_back(*control_command.data.uri);
 
+      // If shuffle is active, add the new item to the end of the shuffle order
+      if (!ps.shuffle_indices.empty()) {
+        ps.shuffle_indices.push_back(ps.playlist.size() - 1);
+      }
+
       // If nothing is playing and no upcoming items are queued, start the new item.
       bool nothing_playing =
           (active_source == nullptr) || (active_source->get_state() == media_source::MediaSourceState::IDLE);
@@ -425,9 +433,10 @@ void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::process_control_queue_() {
     }
 
     case MediaPlayerControlCommand::PLAY_CURRENT: {
-      // Play the item at current playlist index
+      // Play the item at current playlist index (mapped through shuffle if active)
       if (ps.playlist_index < ps.playlist.size()) {
-        command_executed = this->try_execute_play_uri_(ps.playlist[ps.playlist_index], pipeline);
+        size_t actual_position = this->get_playlist_position_(pipeline);
+        command_executed = this->try_execute_play_uri_(ps.playlist[actual_position], pipeline);
       } else {
         command_executed = true;  // Index out of bounds or empty playlist
       }
@@ -521,6 +530,7 @@ void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::handle_player_command_(media_player::MediaPlayerC
       if (!has_internal_playlist) {
         this->cancel_timeout(PipelineContext::TIMEOUT_IDS[pipeline]);
         ps.playlist.clear();
+        ps.shuffle_indices.clear();
         ps.playlist_index = 0;
       }
       if (target_source != nullptr) {
@@ -589,21 +599,39 @@ void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::handle_player_command_(media_player::MediaPlayerC
       if (!has_internal_playlist) {
         this->cancel_timeout(PipelineContext::TIMEOUT_IDS[pipeline]);
         if (ps.playlist_index < ps.playlist.size()) {
-          ps.playlist[0] = std::move(ps.playlist[ps.playlist_index]);
+          size_t actual_position = this->get_playlist_position_(pipeline);
+          ps.playlist[0] = std::move(ps.playlist[actual_position]);
           ps.playlist.resize(1);
           ps.playlist_index = 0;
         } else {
           ps.playlist.clear();
           ps.playlist_index = 0;
         }
+        ps.shuffle_indices.clear();
       } else if (target_source != nullptr) {
         target_source->handle_command(media_source::MediaSourceCommand::CLEAR_PLAYLIST);
       }
       break;
     }
 
+    case media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_SHUFFLE:
+      if (!has_internal_playlist) {
+        this->shuffle_playlist_(pipeline);
+      } else if (target_source != nullptr) {
+        target_source->handle_command(media_source::MediaSourceCommand::SHUFFLE);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_UNSHUFFLE:
+      if (!has_internal_playlist) {
+        this->unshuffle_playlist_(pipeline);
+      } else if (target_source != nullptr) {
+        target_source->handle_command(media_source::MediaSourceCommand::UNSHUFFLE);
+      }
+      break;
+
     default:
-      // TURN_ON, TURN_OFF, ENQUEUE (handled separately with URL), SHUFFLE/UNSHUFFLE (PR3) are no-ops
+      // TURN_ON, TURN_OFF, ENQUEUE (handled separately with URL) are no-ops
       break;
   }
 }
@@ -766,6 +794,58 @@ void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::set_volume_(float volume, bool publish) {
   this->defer([this, volume]() { this->volume_trigger_.trigger(volume); });
 }
 
+size_t SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::get_playlist_position_(uint8_t pipeline) const {
+  const PipelineContext &ps = this->pipelines_[pipeline];
+
+  if (ps.shuffle_indices.empty() || ps.playlist_index >= ps.shuffle_indices.size()) {
+    return ps.playlist_index;
+  }
+  return ps.shuffle_indices[ps.playlist_index];
+}
+
+void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::shuffle_playlist_(uint8_t pipeline) {
+  PipelineContext &ps = this->pipelines_[pipeline];
+
+  if (ps.playlist.size() <= 1) {
+    ps.shuffle_indices.clear();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Capture current actual position BEFORE modifying shuffle_indices
+  size_t current_actual = this->get_playlist_position_(pipeline);
+
+  // Build indices vector
+  ps.shuffle_indices.resize(ps.playlist.size());
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < ps.playlist.size(); i++) {
+    ps.shuffle_indices[i] = i;
+  }
+
+  // Fisher-Yates shuffle using ESPHome's random helper
+  for (size_t i = ps.shuffle_indices.size() - 1; i > 0; i--) {
+    size_t j = random_uint32() % (i + 1);
+    std::swap(ps.shuffle_indices[i], ps.shuffle_indices[j]);
+  }
+
+  // Move current track to current position (so playback continues seamlessly)
+  if (ps.playlist_index < ps.shuffle_indices.size()) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < ps.shuffle_indices.size(); i++) {
+      if (ps.shuffle_indices[i] == current_actual) {
+        std::swap(ps.shuffle_indices[i], ps.shuffle_indices[ps.playlist_index]);
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::unshuffle_playlist_(uint8_t pipeline) {
+  PipelineContext &ps = this->pipelines_[pipeline];
+
+  if (!ps.shuffle_indices.empty() && ps.playlist_index < ps.shuffle_indices.size()) {
+    ps.playlist_index = ps.shuffle_indices[ps.playlist_index];
+  }
+  ps.shuffle_indices.clear();
+}
+
 }  // namespace esphome::speaker_source
 
 #endif  // USE_ESP32
diff --git a/esphome/components/speaker_source/speaker_source_media_player.h b/esphome/components/speaker_source/speaker_source_media_player.h
index 0967084504..4fbb534110 100644
--- a/esphome/components/speaker_source/speaker_source_media_player.h
+++ b/esphome/components/speaker_source/speaker_source_media_player.h
@@ -110,6 +110,10 @@ struct PipelineContext {
   RepeatMode repeat_mode{REPEAT_OFF};
   uint32_t playlist_delay_ms{0};
 
+  // When non-empty, playlist_index indexes into these vectors
+  // which contain the actual playlist indices in shuffled order
+  std::vector<size_t> shuffle_indices;
+
   // Track frames sent to speaker to correlate with playback callbacks.
   // Atomic because it is written from the main loop/source tasks and read/decremented from the speaker playback
   // callback.
@@ -220,6 +224,15 @@ class SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer : public Component, public media_player::MediaPla
   void queue_command_(MediaPlayerControlCommand::Type type, uint8_t pipeline);
   void queue_play_current_(uint8_t pipeline, uint32_t delay_ms = 0);
 
+  /// @brief Maps playlist_index through shuffle indices if shuffle is active
+  size_t get_playlist_position_(uint8_t pipeline) const;
+
+  /// @brief Generates shuffled indices for the playlist, keeping current track at current position
+  void shuffle_playlist_(uint8_t pipeline);
+
+  /// @brief Clears shuffle indices and adjusts playlist_index to maintain current track
+  void unshuffle_playlist_(uint8_t pipeline);
+
   QueueHandle_t media_control_command_queue_;
 
   // Pipeline context for media pipeline. See THREADING MODEL at top of namespace for access rules.
diff --git a/tests/components/speaker_source/common.yaml b/tests/components/speaker_source/common.yaml
index 9e4c309c06..05b5181dfd 100644
--- a/tests/components/speaker_source/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/speaker_source/common.yaml
@@ -36,10 +36,10 @@ media_player:
       sources:
         - audio_file_source
     on_mute:
-      - media_player.pause:
+      - media_player.shuffle:
           id: media_player_id
     on_unmute:
-      - media_player.play:
+      - media_player.unshuffle:
           id: media_player_id
     on_volume:
       - speaker_source.set_playlist_delay:

From 03c0ce704b0c89a87f1fe2b67dbbcb6a74eb9688 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Mar 2026 14:22:48 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 535/609] Bump pyupgrade to v3.21.2 for Python 3.14
 compatibility (#14699)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .pre-commit-config.yaml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index b036da6ef1..2d8f698395 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ repos:
       - id: end-of-file-fixer
       - id: trailing-whitespace
   - repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
-    rev: v3.20.0
+    rev: v3.21.2
     hooks:
       - id: pyupgrade
         args: [--py311-plus]

From 04bcd9f56ba24d40199f8f4cadf7761429bc942c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Mar 2026 14:25:36 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 536/609] [dashboard] Use sys.executable for dashboard
 subprocess commands (#14698)

Co-authored-by: Jonathan Swoboda <swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci-lite[bot] <117423508+pre-commit-ci-lite[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/__main__.py             | 13 +++++++------
 esphome/dashboard/const.py      |  5 ++++-
 esphome/dashboard/web_server.py |  6 +++---
 3 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/__main__.py b/esphome/__main__.py
index 58b995e8df..4b0fc2cec7 100644
--- a/esphome/__main__.py
+++ b/esphome/__main__.py
@@ -74,6 +74,8 @@ from esphome.util import (
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+ESPHOME_COMMAND = [sys.executable, "-m", "esphome"]
+
 # Maximum buffer size for serial log reading to prevent unbounded memory growth
 SERIAL_BUFFER_MAX_SIZE = 65536
 
@@ -1307,9 +1309,8 @@ def command_update_all(args: ArgsProtocol) -> int | None:
     files = list_yaml_files(args.configuration)
 
     def build_command(f):
-        if CORE.dashboard:
-            return ["esphome", "--dashboard", "run", f, "--no-logs", "--device", "OTA"]
-        return ["esphome", "run", f, "--no-logs", "--device", "OTA"]
+        dashboard = ["--dashboard"] if CORE.dashboard else []
+        return [*ESPHOME_COMMAND, *dashboard, "run", f, "--no-logs", "--device", "OTA"]
 
     return run_multiple_configs(files, build_command)
 
@@ -1458,7 +1459,7 @@ def command_rename(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
 
     new_path.write_text(new_raw, encoding="utf-8")
 
-    rc = run_external_process("esphome", "config", str(new_path))
+    rc = run_external_process(*ESPHOME_COMMAND, "config", str(new_path))
     if rc != 0:
         print(color(AnsiFore.BOLD_RED, "Rename failed. Reverting changes."))
         new_path.unlink()
@@ -1476,7 +1477,7 @@ def command_rename(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
         cli_args.insert(0, "--dashboard")
 
     try:
-        rc = run_external_process("esphome", *cli_args)
+        rc = run_external_process(*ESPHOME_COMMAND, *cli_args)
     except KeyboardInterrupt:
         rc = 1
     if rc != 0:
@@ -1873,7 +1874,7 @@ def run_esphome(argv):
         # argv[0] is the program path, skip it since we prefix with "esphome"
         def build_command(f):
             return (
-                ["esphome"]
+                [*ESPHOME_COMMAND]
                 + [arg for arg in argv[1:] if arg not in args.configuration]
                 + [str(f)]
             )
diff --git a/esphome/dashboard/const.py b/esphome/dashboard/const.py
index ada5575d0e..9cadc442ef 100644
--- a/esphome/dashboard/const.py
+++ b/esphome/dashboard/const.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import sys
+
 from esphome.enum import StrEnum
 
 
@@ -26,4 +28,5 @@ MAX_EXECUTOR_WORKERS = 48
 
 SENTINEL = object()
 
-DASHBOARD_COMMAND = ["esphome", "--dashboard"]
+ESPHOME_COMMAND = [sys.executable, "-m", "esphome"]
+DASHBOARD_COMMAND = [*ESPHOME_COMMAND, "--dashboard"]
diff --git a/esphome/dashboard/web_server.py b/esphome/dashboard/web_server.py
index 92cab929ef..b8e17244e5 100644
--- a/esphome/dashboard/web_server.py
+++ b/esphome/dashboard/web_server.py
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ from esphome.util import get_serial_ports, shlex_quote
 from esphome.yaml_util import FastestAvailableSafeLoader
 
 from ..helpers import write_file
-from .const import DASHBOARD_COMMAND, DashboardEvent
+from .const import DASHBOARD_COMMAND, ESPHOME_COMMAND, DashboardEvent
 from .core import DASHBOARD, ESPHomeDashboard, Event
 from .entries import UNKNOWN_STATE, DashboardEntry, entry_state_to_bool
 from .models import build_device_list_response
@@ -1079,7 +1079,7 @@ class DownloadBinaryRequestHandler(BaseHandler):
             return
 
         if not path.is_file():
-            args = ["esphome", "idedata", settings.rel_path(configuration)]
+            args = [*ESPHOME_COMMAND, "idedata", settings.rel_path(configuration)]
             rc, stdout, _ = await async_run_system_command(args)
 
             if rc != 0:
@@ -1462,7 +1462,7 @@ class JsonConfigRequestHandler(BaseHandler):
             self.send_error(404)
             return
 
-        args = ["esphome", "config", str(filename), "--show-secrets"]
+        args = [*ESPHOME_COMMAND, "config", str(filename), "--show-secrets"]
 
         rc, stdout, stderr = await async_run_system_command(args)
 

From bef5e4de9c0a89f319c9f7124814cf7390fb922e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kevin Ahrendt <kevin.ahrendt@openhomefoundation.org>
Date: Wed, 11 Mar 2026 13:29:17 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 537/609] [speaker_source] Add announcement pipeline (#14654)

---
 .../components/speaker_source/media_player.py | 125 +++++++++++++-----
 .../speaker_source_media_player.cpp           |  74 +++++++++--
 .../speaker_source_media_player.h             |  27 ++--
 tests/components/speaker_source/common.yaml   |  21 ++-
 4 files changed, 186 insertions(+), 61 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/speaker_source/media_player.py b/esphome/components/speaker_source/media_player.py
index 9080bebcae..fe50536e8f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/speaker_source/media_player.py
+++ b/esphome/components/speaker_source/media_player.py
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ DEPENDENCIES = ["media_source", "speaker"]
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kahrendt"]
 
+CONF_ANNOUNCEMENT_PIPELINE = "announcement_pipeline"
 CONF_MEDIA_PIPELINE = "media_pipeline"
 CONF_ON_MUTE = "on_mute"
 CONF_PIPELINE = "pipeline"
@@ -42,6 +43,19 @@ PipelineContext = speaker_source_ns.struct("PipelineContext")
 Pipeline = speaker_source_ns.enum("Pipeline")
 PIPELINE_ENUM = {
     "media": Pipeline.MEDIA_PIPELINE,
+    "announcement": Pipeline.ANNOUNCEMENT_PIPELINE,
+}
+
+# Maps config key -> (C++ Pipeline enum value, format purpose)
+_PIPELINE_INFO = {
+    CONF_MEDIA_PIPELINE: (
+        Pipeline.MEDIA_PIPELINE,
+        media_player.MEDIA_PLAYER_FORMAT_PURPOSE_ENUM["default"],
+    ),
+    CONF_ANNOUNCEMENT_PIPELINE: (
+        Pipeline.ANNOUNCEMENT_PIPELINE,
+        media_player.MEDIA_PLAYER_FORMAT_PURPOSE_ENUM["announcement"],
+    ),
 }
 
 SetPlaylistDelayAction = speaker_source_ns.class_(
@@ -59,7 +73,7 @@ FORMAT_MAPPING = {
 
 # Returns a media_player.MediaPlayerSupportedFormat struct with the configured
 # format, sample rate, number of channels, purpose, and bytes per sample
-def _get_supported_format_struct(pipeline: ConfigType):
+def _get_supported_format_struct(pipeline: ConfigType, purpose: MockObj):
     args = [
         media_player.MediaPlayerSupportedFormat,
     ]
@@ -68,7 +82,7 @@ def _get_supported_format_struct(pipeline: ConfigType):
 
     args.append(("sample_rate", pipeline[CONF_SAMPLE_RATE]))
     args.append(("num_channels", pipeline[CONF_NUM_CHANNELS]))
-    args.append(("purpose", media_player.MEDIA_PLAYER_FORMAT_PURPOSE_ENUM["default"]))
+    args.append(("purpose", purpose))
 
     # Omit sample_bytes for MP3: ffmpeg transcoding in Home Assistant fails
     # if the number of bytes per sample is specified for MP3.
@@ -115,6 +129,40 @@ PIPELINE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
+def _validate_no_shared_resources(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    announcement_config = config.get(CONF_ANNOUNCEMENT_PIPELINE)
+    media_config = config.get(CONF_MEDIA_PIPELINE)
+
+    # Check for duplicates within each pipeline
+    for pipeline_key in (CONF_ANNOUNCEMENT_PIPELINE, CONF_MEDIA_PIPELINE):
+        if pipeline_config := config.get(pipeline_key):
+            source_ids = [s.id for s in pipeline_config[CONF_SOURCES]]
+            if len(source_ids) != len(set(source_ids)):
+                raise cv.Invalid(
+                    f"Duplicate media sources in {pipeline_key}. "
+                    "Each media source can only appear once per pipeline."
+                )
+
+    # Check for sources shared between pipelines
+    if announcement_config and media_config:
+        if announcement_config[CONF_SPEAKER] == media_config[CONF_SPEAKER]:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                "The announcement and media pipelines cannot use the same speaker. "
+                "Use the `mixer` speaker component to create two source speakers."
+            )
+
+        announcement_source_ids = {s.id for s in announcement_config[CONF_SOURCES]}
+        media_source_ids = {s.id for s in media_config[CONF_SOURCES]}
+        shared = announcement_source_ids & media_source_ids
+        if shared:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Media sources cannot be shared between pipelines: {', '.join(shared)}. "
+                "Create separate media source instances for each pipeline."
+            )
+
+    return config
+
+
 def _validate_volume_settings(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     # CONF_VOLUME_INITIAL is in the scaled volume domain (0.0-1.0) and doesn't need to be validated
     if config[CONF_VOLUME_MIN] > config[CONF_VOLUME_MAX]:
@@ -131,7 +179,8 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.Optional(CONF_VOLUME_INITIAL, default=0.5): cv.percentage,
             cv.Optional(CONF_VOLUME_MAX, default=1.0): cv.percentage,
             cv.Optional(CONF_VOLUME_MIN, default=0.0): cv.percentage,
-            cv.Required(CONF_MEDIA_PIPELINE): PIPELINE_SCHEMA,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ANNOUNCEMENT_PIPELINE): PIPELINE_SCHEMA,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MEDIA_PIPELINE): PIPELINE_SCHEMA,
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_MUTE): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_UNMUTE): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_VOLUME): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
@@ -140,23 +189,37 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
     .extend(media_player.media_player_schema(SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer)),
     cv.only_on_esp32,
+    cv.has_at_least_one_key(CONF_ANNOUNCEMENT_PIPELINE, CONF_MEDIA_PIPELINE),
+    _validate_no_shared_resources,
     _validate_volume_settings,
 )
 
 
 def _final_validate_codecs(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
-    pipeline = config[CONF_MEDIA_PIPELINE]
-    fmt = pipeline[CONF_FORMAT]
-    if fmt == "NONE":
+    # "NONE" means the pipeline accepts any format at runtime, so all optional codecs must be available.
+    # When a specific format is set, only that codec is requested.
+    needed_formats: set[str] = set()
+    need_all = False
+
+    for pipeline_key in (CONF_ANNOUNCEMENT_PIPELINE, CONF_MEDIA_PIPELINE):
+        if pipeline := config.get(pipeline_key):
+            fmt = pipeline[CONF_FORMAT]
+            if fmt == "NONE":
+                need_all = True
+            else:
+                needed_formats.add(fmt)
+
+    if need_all:
         audio.request_flac_support()
         audio.request_mp3_support()
         audio.request_opus_support()
-    elif fmt == "FLAC":
-        audio.request_flac_support()
-    elif fmt == "MP3":
-        audio.request_mp3_support()
-    elif fmt == "OPUS":
-        audio.request_opus_support()
+    else:
+        if "FLAC" in needed_formats:
+            audio.request_flac_support()
+        if "MP3" in needed_formats:
+            audio.request_mp3_support()
+        if "OPUS" in needed_formats:
+            audio.request_opus_support()
 
     return config
 
@@ -164,7 +227,8 @@ def _final_validate_codecs(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.Schema(
         {
-            cv.Required(CONF_MEDIA_PIPELINE): _validate_pipeline,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ANNOUNCEMENT_PIPELINE): _validate_pipeline,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MEDIA_PIPELINE): _validate_pipeline,
         },
         extra=cv.ALLOW_EXTRA,
     ),
@@ -182,26 +246,25 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add(var.set_volume_max(config[CONF_VOLUME_MAX]))
     cg.add(var.set_volume_min(config[CONF_VOLUME_MIN]))
 
-    pipeline_config = config[CONF_MEDIA_PIPELINE]
-    pipeline_enum = Pipeline.MEDIA_PIPELINE
+    for pipeline_key, (pipeline_enum, purpose) in _PIPELINE_INFO.items():
+        if pipeline_config := config.get(pipeline_key):
+            for source in pipeline_config[CONF_SOURCES]:
+                src = await cg.get_variable(source)
+                cg.add(var.add_media_source(pipeline_enum, src))
 
-    for source in pipeline_config[CONF_SOURCES]:
-        src = await cg.get_variable(source)
-        cg.add(var.add_media_source(pipeline_enum, src))
-
-    cg.add(
-        var.set_speaker(
-            pipeline_enum,
-            await cg.get_variable(pipeline_config[CONF_SPEAKER]),
-        )
-    )
-    if pipeline_config[CONF_FORMAT] != "NONE":
-        cg.add(
-            var.set_format(
-                pipeline_enum,
-                _get_supported_format_struct(pipeline_config),
+            cg.add(
+                var.set_speaker(
+                    pipeline_enum,
+                    await cg.get_variable(pipeline_config[CONF_SPEAKER]),
+                )
             )
-        )
+            if pipeline_config[CONF_FORMAT] != "NONE":
+                cg.add(
+                    var.set_format(
+                        pipeline_enum,
+                        _get_supported_format_struct(pipeline_config, purpose),
+                    )
+                )
 
     if on_mute := config.get(CONF_ON_MUTE):
         await automation.build_automation(
diff --git a/esphome/components/speaker_source/speaker_source_media_player.cpp b/esphome/components/speaker_source/speaker_source_media_player.cpp
index cf7169df6a..9d02ac9c74 100644
--- a/esphome/components/speaker_source/speaker_source_media_player.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/speaker_source/speaker_source_media_player.cpp
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::handle_play_uri_request_(uint8_t pipeline, const
   // Smart source is requesting the player to play a different URI
   auto call = this->make_call();
   call.set_media_url(uri);
+  call.set_announcement(pipeline == ANNOUNCEMENT_PIPELINE);
   call.perform();
 }
 
@@ -209,7 +210,7 @@ size_t SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::handle_media_output_(uint8_t pipeline, media_so
 }
 
 // THREAD CONTEXT: Called from main loop (loop)
-media_player::MediaPlayerState SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::get_media_pipeline_state_(
+media_player::MediaPlayerState SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::get_source_state_(
     media_source::MediaSource *source, bool playlist_active, media_player::MediaPlayerState old_state) const {
   if (source != nullptr) {
     switch (source->get_state()) {
@@ -218,7 +219,7 @@ media_player::MediaPlayerState SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::get_media_pipeline_stat
       case media_source::MediaSourceState::PAUSED:
         return media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_PAUSED;
       case media_source::MediaSourceState::ERROR:
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Source error");
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Media source error");
         return media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_IDLE;
       case media_source::MediaSourceState::IDLE:
       default:
@@ -237,16 +238,47 @@ void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::loop() {
   // Process queued control commands
   this->process_control_queue_();
 
-  // Update state based on active sources
+  // Update state based on active sources - announcement pipeline takes priority
   media_player::MediaPlayerState old_state = this->state;
 
+  PipelineContext &ann_ps = this->pipelines_[ANNOUNCEMENT_PIPELINE];
   PipelineContext &media_ps = this->pipelines_[MEDIA_PIPELINE];
 
   // Check playlist state to detect transitions between items
+  bool announcement_playlist_active = (ann_ps.playlist_index < ann_ps.playlist.size()) ||
+                                      (ann_ps.repeat_mode != REPEAT_OFF && !ann_ps.playlist.empty());
   bool media_playlist_active = (media_ps.playlist_index < media_ps.playlist.size()) ||
                                (media_ps.repeat_mode != REPEAT_OFF && !media_ps.playlist.empty());
 
-  this->state = this->get_media_pipeline_state_(media_ps.active_source, media_playlist_active, old_state);
+  // Check announcement pipeline first
+  media_source::MediaSource *announcement_source = ann_ps.active_source;
+  if (announcement_source != nullptr) {
+    media_source::MediaSourceState announcement_state = announcement_source->get_state();
+    if (announcement_state != media_source::MediaSourceState::IDLE) {
+      // Announcement is active - announcements take priority and never report PAUSED
+      switch (announcement_state) {
+        case media_source::MediaSourceState::PLAYING:
+        case media_source::MediaSourceState::PAUSED:  // Treat paused announcements as announcing
+          this->state = media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_ANNOUNCING;
+          break;
+        case media_source::MediaSourceState::ERROR:
+          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Announcement source error");
+          // Fall through to media pipeline state
+          this->state = this->get_source_state_(media_ps.active_source, media_playlist_active, old_state);
+          break;
+        default:
+          break;
+      }
+    } else {
+      // Announcement source is idle, fall through to media pipeline
+      this->state = this->get_source_state_(media_ps.active_source, media_playlist_active, old_state);
+    }
+  } else if (announcement_playlist_active && old_state == media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_ANNOUNCING) {
+    this->state = media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_ANNOUNCING;
+  } else {
+    // No active announcement, check media pipeline
+    this->state = this->get_source_state_(media_ps.active_source, media_playlist_active, old_state);
+  }
 
   if (this->state != old_state) {
     this->publish_state();
@@ -357,7 +389,7 @@ void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::set_playlist_delay_ms(uint8_t pipeline, uint32_t
 // The timeout callback also runs on the main loop.
 void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::queue_play_current_(uint8_t pipeline, uint32_t delay_ms) {
   if (delay_ms > 0) {
-    this->set_timeout(PipelineContext::TIMEOUT_IDS[pipeline], delay_ms,
+    this->set_timeout(PIPELINE_TIMEOUT_IDS[pipeline], delay_ms,
                       [this, pipeline]() { this->queue_command_(MediaPlayerControlCommand::PLAY_CURRENT, pipeline); });
   } else {
     this->queue_command_(MediaPlayerControlCommand::PLAY_CURRENT, pipeline);
@@ -366,7 +398,7 @@ void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::queue_play_current_(uint8_t pipeline, uint32_t de
 
 // THREAD CONTEXT: Called from main loop (loop)
 void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::process_control_queue_() {
-  MediaPlayerControlCommand control_command;
+  MediaPlayerControlCommand control_command{};
 
   // Use peek to check command without removing it
   if (xQueuePeek(this->media_control_command_queue_, &control_command, 0) != pdTRUE) {
@@ -383,7 +415,7 @@ void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::process_control_queue_() {
   switch (control_command.type) {
     case MediaPlayerControlCommand::PLAY_URI: {
       // Always use our local playlist to start playback
-      this->cancel_timeout(PipelineContext::TIMEOUT_IDS[pipeline]);
+      this->cancel_timeout(PIPELINE_TIMEOUT_IDS[pipeline]);
       ps.playlist.clear();
       ps.shuffle_indices.clear();  // Clear shuffle when starting fresh playlist
       ps.playlist_index = 0;       // Reset index
@@ -528,7 +560,7 @@ void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::handle_player_command_(media_player::MediaPlayerC
 
     case media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_STOP: {
       if (!has_internal_playlist) {
-        this->cancel_timeout(PipelineContext::TIMEOUT_IDS[pipeline]);
+        this->cancel_timeout(PIPELINE_TIMEOUT_IDS[pipeline]);
         ps.playlist.clear();
         ps.shuffle_indices.clear();
         ps.playlist_index = 0;
@@ -541,7 +573,7 @@ void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::handle_player_command_(media_player::MediaPlayerC
 
     case media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_NEXT: {
       if (!has_internal_playlist) {
-        this->cancel_timeout(PipelineContext::TIMEOUT_IDS[pipeline]);
+        this->cancel_timeout(PIPELINE_TIMEOUT_IDS[pipeline]);
         if (ps.playlist_index + 1 < ps.playlist.size()) {
           ps.playlist_index++;
           this->queue_command_(MediaPlayerControlCommand::PLAY_CURRENT, pipeline);
@@ -557,7 +589,7 @@ void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::handle_player_command_(media_player::MediaPlayerC
 
     case media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_PREVIOUS: {
       if (!has_internal_playlist) {
-        this->cancel_timeout(PipelineContext::TIMEOUT_IDS[pipeline]);
+        this->cancel_timeout(PIPELINE_TIMEOUT_IDS[pipeline]);
         if (ps.playlist_index > 0) {
           ps.playlist_index--;
           this->queue_command_(MediaPlayerControlCommand::PLAY_CURRENT, pipeline);
@@ -597,7 +629,7 @@ void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::handle_player_command_(media_player::MediaPlayerC
 
     case media_player::MEDIA_PLAYER_COMMAND_CLEAR_PLAYLIST: {
       if (!has_internal_playlist) {
-        this->cancel_timeout(PipelineContext::TIMEOUT_IDS[pipeline]);
+        this->cancel_timeout(PIPELINE_TIMEOUT_IDS[pipeline]);
         if (ps.playlist_index < ps.playlist.size()) {
           size_t actual_position = this->get_playlist_position_(pipeline);
           ps.playlist[0] = std::move(ps.playlist[actual_position]);
@@ -644,8 +676,24 @@ void SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer::control(const media_player::MediaPlayerCall &call
     return;
   }
 
-  MediaPlayerControlCommand control_command;
-  control_command.pipeline = MEDIA_PIPELINE;
+  MediaPlayerControlCommand control_command{};
+
+  // Determine which pipeline to use based on announcement flag, falling back if the preferred pipeline
+  // is not configured
+  auto announcement = call.get_announcement();
+  if (announcement.has_value() && announcement.value()) {
+    if (this->pipelines_[ANNOUNCEMENT_PIPELINE].is_configured()) {
+      control_command.pipeline = ANNOUNCEMENT_PIPELINE;
+    } else {
+      control_command.pipeline = MEDIA_PIPELINE;
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (this->pipelines_[MEDIA_PIPELINE].is_configured()) {
+      control_command.pipeline = MEDIA_PIPELINE;
+    } else {
+      control_command.pipeline = ANNOUNCEMENT_PIPELINE;
+    }
+  }
 
   auto media_url = call.get_media_url();
   if (media_url.has_value()) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/speaker_source/speaker_source_media_player.h b/esphome/components/speaker_source/speaker_source_media_player.h
index 4fbb534110..652390edd2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/speaker_source/speaker_source_media_player.h
+++ b/esphome/components/speaker_source/speaker_source_media_player.h
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ namespace esphome::speaker_source {
 //
 // - Main loop task: setup(), loop(), dump_config(), handle_media_state_changed_(),
 //   handle_volume_request_(), handle_mute_request_(), handle_play_uri_request_(),
-//   set_volume_(), set_mute_state_(), control(), get_media_pipeline_state_(),
+//   set_volume_(), set_mute_state_(), control(), get_source_state_(),
 //   find_source_for_uri_(), try_execute_play_uri_(), save_volume_restore_state_(),
 //   process_control_queue_(), handle_player_command_(), queue_command_(), queue_play_current_()
 //
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ namespace esphome::speaker_source {
 
 enum Pipeline : uint8_t {
   MEDIA_PIPELINE = 0,
+  ANNOUNCEMENT_PIPELINE = 1,
 };
 
 enum RepeatMode : uint8_t {
@@ -85,10 +86,10 @@ struct SourceBinding : public media_source::MediaSourceListener {
   void request_play_uri(const std::string &uri) override;
 };
 
-struct PipelineContext {
-  /// @brief Timeout IDs for playlist delay, indexed by Pipeline enum
-  static constexpr const char *const TIMEOUT_IDS[] = {"next_media"};
+/// @brief Timeout IDs for playlist delay, indexed by Pipeline enum
+static constexpr uint32_t PIPELINE_TIMEOUT_IDS[] = {1, 2};
 
+struct PipelineContext {
   speaker::Speaker *speaker{nullptr};
   optional<media_player::MediaPlayerSupportedFormat> format;
 
@@ -132,7 +133,7 @@ struct MediaPlayerControlCommand {
     SEND_COMMAND,      // Send command to active source
   };
   Type type;
-  uint8_t pipeline;
+  uint8_t pipeline;  // MEDIA_PIPELINE or ANNOUNCEMENT_PIPELINE
 
   union {
     std::string *uri;  // Owned pointer, must delete after xQueueReceive (for PLAY_URI and ENQUEUE_URI)
@@ -208,14 +209,13 @@ class SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer : public Component, public media_player::MediaPla
   /// @brief Saves the current volume and mute state to the flash for restoration.
   void save_volume_restore_state_();
 
-  /// @brief Determine media player state from the media pipeline's active source
-  /// @param media_source Active source for the media pipeline (may be nullptr)
-  /// @param playlist_active Whether the media pipeline's playlist is in progress
+  /// @brief Determine media player state from a pipeline's active source
+  /// @param media_source Active source (may be nullptr)
+  /// @param playlist_active Whether the pipeline's playlist is in progress
   /// @param old_state Previous media player state (used for transition smoothing)
   /// @return The appropriate MediaPlayerState
-  media_player::MediaPlayerState get_media_pipeline_state_(media_source::MediaSource *media_source,
-                                                           bool playlist_active,
-                                                           media_player::MediaPlayerState old_state) const;
+  media_player::MediaPlayerState get_source_state_(media_source::MediaSource *media_source, bool playlist_active,
+                                                   media_player::MediaPlayerState old_state) const;
 
   void process_control_queue_();
   void handle_player_command_(media_player::MediaPlayerCommand player_command, uint8_t pipeline);
@@ -235,8 +235,9 @@ class SpeakerSourceMediaPlayer : public Component, public media_player::MediaPla
 
   QueueHandle_t media_control_command_queue_;
 
-  // Pipeline context for media pipeline. See THREADING MODEL at top of namespace for access rules.
-  std::array<PipelineContext, 1> pipelines_;
+  // Pipeline context for media (index 0) and announcement (index 1) pipelines.
+  // See THREADING MODEL at top of namespace for access rules.
+  std::array<PipelineContext, 2> pipelines_;
 
   // Used to save volume/mute state for restoration on reboot
   ESPPreferenceObject pref_;
diff --git a/tests/components/speaker_source/common.yaml b/tests/components/speaker_source/common.yaml
index 05b5181dfd..7d663b802c 100644
--- a/tests/components/speaker_source/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/speaker_source/common.yaml
@@ -10,6 +10,11 @@ speaker:
     i2s_dout_pin: ${i2s_dout_pin}
     sample_rate: 48000
     num_channels: 2
+  - platform: mixer
+    output_speaker: speaker_id
+    source_speakers:
+      - id: announcement_mixer_speaker_id
+      - id: media_mixer_speaker_id
 
 audio_file:
   - id: test_audio
@@ -19,7 +24,9 @@ audio_file:
 
 media_source:
   - platform: audio_file
-    id: audio_file_source
+    id: announcement_audio_file_source
+  - platform: audio_file
+    id: media_audio_file_source
 
 media_player:
   - platform: speaker_source
@@ -29,12 +36,18 @@ media_player:
     volume_initial: 0.75
     volume_max: 0.95
     volume_min: 0.0
-    media_pipeline:
-      speaker: speaker_id
+    announcement_pipeline:
+      speaker: announcement_mixer_speaker_id
       format: FLAC
       num_channels: 1
       sources:
-        - audio_file_source
+        - announcement_audio_file_source
+    media_pipeline:
+      speaker: media_mixer_speaker_id
+      format: FLAC
+      num_channels: 1
+      sources:
+        - media_audio_file_source
     on_mute:
       - media_player.shuffle:
           id: media_player_id

From 02f7aee680bb0a7b7a7a54e1b2cd759f8876d77c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jesse Hills <3060199+jesserockz@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Mar 2026 07:34:53 +1300
Subject: [PATCH 538/609] Bump version to 2026.3.0b1

---
 Doxyfile         | 2 +-
 esphome/const.py | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Doxyfile b/Doxyfile
index 1a9e0b4e10..9f5cd0a2ce 100644
--- a/Doxyfile
+++ b/Doxyfile
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ PROJECT_NAME           = ESPHome
 # could be handy for archiving the generated documentation or if some version
 # control system is used.
 
-PROJECT_NUMBER         = 2026.3.0-dev
+PROJECT_NUMBER         = 2026.3.0b1
 
 # Using the PROJECT_BRIEF tag one can provide an optional one line description
 # for a project that appears at the top of each page and should give viewer a
diff --git a/esphome/const.py b/esphome/const.py
index d409514f3c..eb49c9a1d7 100644
--- a/esphome/const.py
+++ b/esphome/const.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from enum import Enum
 
 from esphome.enum import StrEnum
 
-__version__ = "2026.3.0-dev"
+__version__ = "2026.3.0b1"
 
 ALLOWED_NAME_CHARS = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_"
 VALID_SUBSTITUTIONS_CHARACTERS = (

From 4219d6d3673d8a1e4d8f36ac6ce45b162c898292 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Mar 2026 09:28:19 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 539/609] Bump tornado from 6.5.4 to 6.5.5 (#14704)

Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 requirements.txt | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index 3da2d52b44..e634bcb104 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ PyYAML==6.0.3
 paho-mqtt==1.6.1
 colorama==0.4.6
 icmplib==3.0.4
-tornado==6.5.4
+tornado==6.5.5
 tzlocal==5.3.1    # from time
 tzdata>=2021.1  # from time
 pyserial==3.5

From 2627490a11952d55ef282c5b6b57522e6467123e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Mar 2026 16:30:44 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 540/609] [esp32_hosted] Bump esp_hosted to 2.12.1 (#14708)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/esp32_hosted/__init__.py | 2 +-
 esphome/idf_component.yml                   | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_hosted/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32_hosted/__init__.py
index 6d49053d6d..a51ae2cd66 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_hosted/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_hosted/__init__.py
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     if framework_ver >= cv.Version(5, 5, 0):
         esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp_wifi_remote", ref="1.4.0")
         esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/eppp_link", ref="1.1.4")
-        esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp_hosted", ref="2.12.0")
+        esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp_hosted", ref="2.12.1")
     else:
         esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp_wifi_remote", ref="0.13.0")
         esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/eppp_link", ref="0.2.0")
diff --git a/esphome/idf_component.yml b/esphome/idf_component.yml
index acd7f7a479..f7fd3e67bc 100644
--- a/esphome/idf_component.yml
+++ b/esphome/idf_component.yml
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ dependencies:
     rules:
       - if: "target in [esp32h2, esp32p4]"
   espressif/esp_hosted:
-    version: 2.12.0
+    version: 2.12.1
     rules:
       - if: "target in [esp32h2, esp32p4]"
   zorxx/multipart-parser:

From 064bd13ebb6ba91576c7e6c78c23a2986ad5e5d5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Keith Burzinski <kbx81x@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Mar 2026 19:56:25 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 541/609] [ethernet] ESP32-P4 Ethernet compilation fix (#14714)

Co-authored-by: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .../components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp | 18 +-----------------
 .../components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h   |  2 ++
 esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_helpers.c |  8 ++++++++
 .../components/ethernet/test.esp32-p4-idf.yaml |  1 +
 4 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_helpers.c
 create mode 100644 tests/components/ethernet/test.esp32-p4-idf.yaml

diff --git a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp
index d6b0d40cd9..e0788e1149 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp
@@ -21,22 +21,6 @@
 
 namespace esphome::ethernet {
 
-#if ESP_IDF_VERSION < ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 4, 2)
-// work around IDF compile issue on P4 https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/pull/15637
-#ifdef USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4
-#undef ETH_ESP32_EMAC_DEFAULT_CONFIG
-#define ETH_ESP32_EMAC_DEFAULT_CONFIG() \
-  { \
-    .smi_gpio = {.mdc_num = 31, .mdio_num = 52}, .interface = EMAC_DATA_INTERFACE_RMII, \
-    .clock_config = {.rmii = {.clock_mode = EMAC_CLK_EXT_IN, .clock_gpio = (emac_rmii_clock_gpio_t) 50}}, \
-    .dma_burst_len = ETH_DMA_BURST_LEN_32, .intr_priority = 0, \
-    .emac_dataif_gpio = \
-        {.rmii = {.tx_en_num = 49, .txd0_num = 34, .txd1_num = 35, .crs_dv_num = 28, .rxd0_num = 29, .rxd1_num = 30}}, \
-    .clock_config_out_in = {.rmii = {.clock_mode = EMAC_CLK_EXT_IN, .clock_gpio = (emac_rmii_clock_gpio_t) -1}}, \
-  }
-#endif
-#endif
-
 static const char *const TAG = "ethernet";
 
 // PHY register size for hex logging
@@ -162,7 +146,7 @@ void EthernetComponent::setup() {
   phy_config.phy_addr = this->phy_addr_;
   phy_config.reset_gpio_num = this->power_pin_;
 
-  eth_esp32_emac_config_t esp32_emac_config = ETH_ESP32_EMAC_DEFAULT_CONFIG();
+  eth_esp32_emac_config_t esp32_emac_config = eth_esp32_emac_default_config();
 #if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 3, 0)
   esp32_emac_config.smi_gpio.mdc_num = this->mdc_pin_;
   esp32_emac_config.smi_gpio.mdio_num = this->mdio_pin_;
diff --git a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h
index d9f05be9de..c464e20b84 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
 #include "esp_mac.h"
 #include "esp_idf_version.h"
 
+extern "C" eth_esp32_emac_config_t eth_esp32_emac_default_config(void);
+
 namespace esphome::ethernet {
 
 #ifdef USE_ETHERNET_IP_STATE_LISTENERS
diff --git a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_helpers.c b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_helpers.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..96faccad24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_helpers.c
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include "esp_eth_mac_esp.h"
+
+// ETH_ESP32_EMAC_DEFAULT_CONFIG() uses out-of-order designated initializers
+// which are valid in C but not in C++. This wrapper allows C++ code to get
+// the default config without replicating the macro's contents.
+eth_esp32_emac_config_t eth_esp32_emac_default_config(void) {
+  return (eth_esp32_emac_config_t) ETH_ESP32_EMAC_DEFAULT_CONFIG();
+}
diff --git a/tests/components/ethernet/test.esp32-p4-idf.yaml b/tests/components/ethernet/test.esp32-p4-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e52329d7ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ethernet/test.esp32-p4-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<<: !include common-ip101.yaml

From 2b0c471ed7b08e422fe48fd7153c22cfd8f1a23a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 11 Mar 2026 15:00:20 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 542/609] [esp32] Add crash handler to capture and report
 backtrace across reboots (#14709)

---
 esphome/components/api/api_connection.h    |   6 +
 esphome/components/api/client.py           |  21 ++
 esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py       |   5 +
 esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp          |   6 +
 esphome/components/esp32/crash_handler.cpp | 355 +++++++++++++++++++++
 esphome/components/esp32/crash_handler.h   |  18 ++
 esphome/components/logger/logger_esp32.cpp |   4 +
 esphome/core/defines.h                     |   1 +
 esphome/platformio_api.py                  |   7 +
 tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_api.py    |  28 ++
 10 files changed, 451 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/esp32/crash_handler.cpp
 create mode 100644 esphome/components/esp32/crash_handler.h

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
index 3356511684..60cc3e91b1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@
 #include "api_server.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_CRASH_HANDLER
+#include "esphome/components/esp32/crash_handler.h"
+#endif
 #include "esphome/core/entity_base.h"
 #include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
 
@@ -235,6 +238,9 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
     this->flags_.log_subscription = msg.level;
     if (msg.dump_config)
       App.schedule_dump_config();
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_CRASH_HANDLER
+    esp32::crash_handler_log();
+#endif
   }
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
   void on_subscribe_homeassistant_services_request() override { this->flags_.service_call_subscription = true; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/client.py b/esphome/components/api/client.py
index 200d0938bd..0e71ad8fcb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/client.py
+++ b/esphome/components/api/client.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import asyncio
 from datetime import datetime
+import importlib
 import logging
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 import warnings
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ import contextlib
 
 from esphome.const import CONF_KEY, CONF_PORT, __version__
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.platformio_api import process_stacktrace
 
 from . import CONF_ENCRYPTION
 
@@ -55,9 +57,19 @@ async def async_run_logs(config: dict[str, Any], addresses: list[str]) -> None:
         addresses=addresses,  # Pass all addresses for automatic retry
     )
     dashboard = CORE.dashboard
+    backtrace_state = False
+
+    # Try platform-specific stacktrace handler first, fall back to generic
+    platform_process_stacktrace = None
+    try:
+        module = importlib.import_module("esphome.components." + CORE.target_platform)
+        platform_process_stacktrace = getattr(module, "process_stacktrace")
+    except (AttributeError, ImportError):
+        pass
 
     def on_log(msg: SubscribeLogsResponse) -> None:
         """Handle a new log message."""
+        nonlocal backtrace_state
         time_ = datetime.now()
         message: bytes = msg.message
         text = message.decode("utf8", "backslashreplace")
@@ -67,6 +79,15 @@ async def async_run_logs(config: dict[str, Any], addresses: list[str]) -> None:
         )
         for parsed_msg in parse_log_message(text, timestamp):
             print(parsed_msg.replace("\033", "\\033") if dashboard else parsed_msg)
+        for raw_line in text.splitlines():
+            if platform_process_stacktrace:
+                backtrace_state = platform_process_stacktrace(
+                    config, raw_line, backtrace_state
+                )
+            else:
+                backtrace_state = process_stacktrace(
+                    config, raw_line, backtrace_state=backtrace_state
+                )
 
     stop = await async_run(cli, on_log, name=name)
     try:
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
index 52e70501dc..475de6aa3e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
@@ -1442,6 +1442,11 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.add_build_flag("-DUSE_ESP32")
     cg.add_define("USE_NATIVE_64BIT_TIME")
     cg.add_build_flag("-Wl,-z,noexecstack")
+    # Arduino already wraps esp_panic_handler for its own backtrace handler,
+    # so only add our wrap when using ESP-IDF framework to avoid linker conflicts.
+    if conf[CONF_TYPE] == FRAMEWORK_ESP_IDF:
+        cg.add_build_flag("-Wl,--wrap=esp_panic_handler")
+        cg.add_define("USE_ESP32_CRASH_HANDLER")
     cg.add_define("ESPHOME_BOARD", config[CONF_BOARD])
     variant = config[CONF_VARIANT]
     cg.add_build_flag(f"-DUSE_ESP32_VARIANT_{variant}")
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp
index 46c000562e..cba25bca2b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#include "crash_handler.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "preferences.h"
@@ -36,6 +37,11 @@ void arch_restart() {
 }
 
 void arch_init() {
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_CRASH_HANDLER
+  // Read crash data from previous boot before anything else
+  esp32::crash_handler_read_and_clear();
+#endif
+
   // Enable the task watchdog only on the loop task (from which we're currently running)
   esp_task_wdt_add(nullptr);
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/crash_handler.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32/crash_handler.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ecf30d7878
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/crash_handler.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,355 @@
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_CRASH_HANDLER
+
+#include "crash_handler.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+#include <cinttypes>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <esp_attr.h>
+#include <esp_private/panic_internal.h>
+#include <soc/soc.h>
+
+#if CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ARCH_XTENSA
+#include <esp_cpu_utils.h>
+#include <esp_debug_helpers.h>
+#include <xtensa_context.h>
+#elif CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ARCH_RISCV
+#include <riscv/rvruntime-frames.h>
+#endif
+
+static constexpr uint32_t CRASH_MAGIC = 0xDEADBEEF;
+static constexpr size_t MAX_BACKTRACE = 16;
+
+// Check if an address looks like code (flash-mapped or IRAM).
+// Must be safe to call from panic context (no flash access needed).
+static inline bool IRAM_ATTR is_code_addr(uint32_t addr) {
+  return (addr >= SOC_IROM_LOW && addr < SOC_IROM_HIGH) || (addr >= SOC_IRAM_LOW && addr < SOC_IRAM_HIGH);
+}
+
+#if CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ARCH_RISCV
+// Check if a code address is a real return address by verifying the preceding
+// instruction is a JAL or JALR with rd=ra (x1). Called at log time (not during
+// panic) so flash cache is available and both IRAM and IROM are safely readable.
+static inline bool is_return_addr(uint32_t addr) {
+  if (!is_code_addr(addr) || addr < 4)
+    return false;
+  // A return address on the stack points to the instruction after a call.
+  // Check for 4-byte JAL/JALR call instruction before this address.
+  // Use memcpy for alignment safety — RISC-V C extension means code addresses
+  // are only 2-byte aligned, so addr-4 may not be 4-byte aligned.
+  uint32_t inst;
+  memcpy(&inst, (const void *) (addr - 4), sizeof(inst));
+  // RISC-V instruction encoding: bits [6:0] = opcode, bits [11:7] = rd
+  uint32_t opcode = inst & 0x7f;  // Extract 7-bit opcode
+  uint32_t rd = inst & 0xf80;     // Extract rd field (bits 11:7)
+  // Match JAL (0x6f) or JALR (0x67) with rd=ra (x1, encoded as 0x80 = 1<<7)
+  if ((opcode == 0x6f || opcode == 0x67) && rd == 0x80)
+    return true;
+  // Check for 2-byte compressed c.jalr before this address (C extension).
+  // c.jalr saves to ra implicitly: funct4=1001, rs1!=0, rs2=0, op=10
+  if (addr >= 2) {
+    uint16_t c_inst = *(uint16_t *) (addr - 2);
+    if ((c_inst & 0xf07f) == 0x9002 && (c_inst & 0x0f80) != 0)
+      return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+#endif
+
+// Raw crash data written by the panic handler wrapper.
+// Lives in .noinit so it survives software reset but contains garbage after power cycle.
+// Validated by magic marker. Static linkage since it's only used within this file.
+// Version field is first so future firmware can always identify the struct layout.
+// Magic is second to validate the data. Remaining fields can change between versions.
+// Version is uint32_t because it would be padded to 4 bytes anyway before the next
+// uint32_t field, so we use the full width rather than wasting 3 bytes of padding.
+static constexpr uint32_t CRASH_DATA_VERSION = 1;
+struct RawCrashData {
+  uint32_t version;
+  uint32_t magic;
+  uint32_t pc;
+  uint8_t backtrace_count;
+  uint8_t reg_frame_count;  // Number of entries from registers (not stack-scanned)
+  uint8_t exception;        // panic_exception_t enum (FAULT/ABORT/IWDT/TWDT/DEBUG)
+  uint8_t pseudo_excause;   // Whether cause is a pseudo exception (Xtensa SoC-level panic)
+  uint32_t backtrace[MAX_BACKTRACE];
+  uint32_t cause;  // Architecture-specific: exccause (Xtensa) or mcause (RISC-V)
+};
+static RawCrashData __attribute__((section(".noinit")))
+s_raw_crash_data;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+
+// Whether crash data was found and validated this boot.
+static bool s_crash_data_valid = false;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+
+namespace esphome::esp32 {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "esp32.crash";
+
+void crash_handler_read_and_clear() {
+  if (s_raw_crash_data.magic == CRASH_MAGIC && s_raw_crash_data.version == CRASH_DATA_VERSION) {
+    s_crash_data_valid = true;
+    // Clamp counts to prevent out-of-bounds reads from corrupt .noinit data
+    if (s_raw_crash_data.backtrace_count > MAX_BACKTRACE)
+      s_raw_crash_data.backtrace_count = MAX_BACKTRACE;
+    if (s_raw_crash_data.reg_frame_count > s_raw_crash_data.backtrace_count)
+      s_raw_crash_data.reg_frame_count = s_raw_crash_data.backtrace_count;
+    if (s_raw_crash_data.exception > 4)  // panic_exception_t max value
+      s_raw_crash_data.exception = 4;    // Default to PANIC_EXCEPTION_FAULT
+    if (s_raw_crash_data.pseudo_excause > 1)
+      s_raw_crash_data.pseudo_excause = 0;
+  }
+  // Clear magic regardless so we don't re-report on next normal reboot
+  s_raw_crash_data.magic = 0;
+}
+
+bool crash_handler_has_data() { return s_crash_data_valid; }
+
+// Look up the exception cause as a human-readable string.
+// Tables mirror ESP-IDF's panic_arch_fill_info() which uses local static arrays
+// not exposed via any public API.
+static const char *get_exception_reason() {
+#if CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ARCH_XTENSA
+  if (s_raw_crash_data.pseudo_excause) {
+    // SoC-level panic: watchdog, cache error, etc.
+    // Keep in sync with ESP-IDF's PANIC_RSN_* defines
+    static const char *const PSEUDO_REASON[] = {
+        "Unknown reason",                 // 0
+        "Unhandled debug exception",      // 1
+        "Double exception",               // 2
+        "Unhandled kernel exception",     // 3
+        "Coprocessor exception",          // 4
+        "Interrupt wdt timeout on CPU0",  // 5
+        "Interrupt wdt timeout on CPU1",  // 6
+        "Cache error",                    // 7
+    };
+    uint32_t cause = s_raw_crash_data.cause;
+    if (cause < sizeof(PSEUDO_REASON) / sizeof(PSEUDO_REASON[0]))
+      return PSEUDO_REASON[cause];
+    return PSEUDO_REASON[0];
+  }
+  // Real Xtensa exception
+  static const char *const REASON[] = {
+      "IllegalInstruction",
+      "Syscall",
+      "InstructionFetchError",
+      "LoadStoreError",
+      "Level1Interrupt",
+      "Alloca",
+      "IntegerDivideByZero",
+      "PCValue",
+      "Privileged",
+      "LoadStoreAlignment",
+      nullptr,
+      nullptr,
+      "InstrPDAddrError",
+      "LoadStorePIFDataError",
+      "InstrPIFAddrError",
+      "LoadStorePIFAddrError",
+      "InstTLBMiss",
+      "InstTLBMultiHit",
+      "InstFetchPrivilege",
+      nullptr,
+      "InstrFetchProhibited",
+      nullptr,
+      nullptr,
+      nullptr,
+      "LoadStoreTLBMiss",
+      "LoadStoreTLBMultihit",
+      "LoadStorePrivilege",
+      nullptr,
+      "LoadProhibited",
+      "StoreProhibited",
+  };
+  uint32_t cause = s_raw_crash_data.cause;
+  if (cause < sizeof(REASON) / sizeof(REASON[0]) && REASON[cause] != nullptr)
+    return REASON[cause];
+#elif CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ARCH_RISCV
+  // For SoC-level panics (watchdog, cache error), mcause holds IDF-internal
+  // interrupt numbers, not standard RISC-V cause codes. The exception type
+  // field already identifies these, so just return null to use the type name.
+  if (s_raw_crash_data.pseudo_excause)
+    return nullptr;
+  static const char *const REASON[] = {
+      "Instruction address misaligned",
+      "Instruction access fault",
+      "Illegal instruction",
+      "Breakpoint",
+      "Load address misaligned",
+      "Load access fault",
+      "Store address misaligned",
+      "Store access fault",
+      "Environment call from U-mode",
+      "Environment call from S-mode",
+      nullptr,
+      "Environment call from M-mode",
+      "Instruction page fault",
+      "Load page fault",
+      nullptr,
+      "Store page fault",
+  };
+  uint32_t cause = s_raw_crash_data.cause;
+  if (cause < sizeof(REASON) / sizeof(REASON[0]) && REASON[cause] != nullptr)
+    return REASON[cause];
+#endif
+  return "Unknown";
+}
+
+// Exception type names matching panic_exception_t enum
+static const char *get_exception_type() {
+  static const char *const TYPES[] = {
+      "Debug exception",  // PANIC_EXCEPTION_DEBUG
+      "Interrupt wdt",    // PANIC_EXCEPTION_IWDT
+      "Task wdt",         // PANIC_EXCEPTION_TWDT
+      "Abort",            // PANIC_EXCEPTION_ABORT
+      "Fault",            // PANIC_EXCEPTION_FAULT
+  };
+  uint8_t exc = s_raw_crash_data.exception;
+  if (exc < sizeof(TYPES) / sizeof(TYPES[0]))
+    return TYPES[exc];
+  return "Unknown";
+}
+
+// Intentionally uses separate ESP_LOGE calls per line instead of combining into
+// one multi-line log message. This ensures each address appears as its own line
+// on the serial console, making it possible to see partial output if the device
+// crashes again during boot, and allowing the CLI's process_stacktrace to match
+// and decode each address individually.
+void crash_handler_log() {
+  if (!s_crash_data_valid)
+    return;
+
+  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "*** CRASH DETECTED ON PREVIOUS BOOT ***");
+  const char *reason = get_exception_reason();
+  if (reason != nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "  Reason: %s - %s", get_exception_type(), reason);
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "  Reason: %s", get_exception_type());
+  }
+  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "  PC:  0x%08" PRIX32 "  (fault location)", s_raw_crash_data.pc);
+  uint8_t bt_num = 0;
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < s_raw_crash_data.backtrace_count; i++) {
+    uint32_t addr = s_raw_crash_data.backtrace[i];
+#if CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ARCH_RISCV
+    // Register-sourced entries (MEPC/RA) are trusted; only filter stack-scanned ones.
+    if (i >= s_raw_crash_data.reg_frame_count && !is_return_addr(addr))
+      continue;
+#endif
+#if CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ARCH_RISCV
+    const char *source = (i < s_raw_crash_data.reg_frame_count) ? "backtrace" : "stack scan";
+#else
+    const char *source = "backtrace";
+#endif
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "  BT%d: 0x%08" PRIX32 "  (%s)", bt_num++, addr, source);
+  }
+  // Build addr2line hint with all captured addresses for easy copy-paste
+  char hint[256];
+  int pos = snprintf(hint, sizeof(hint), "Use: addr2line -pfiaC -e firmware.elf 0x%08" PRIX32, s_raw_crash_data.pc);
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < s_raw_crash_data.backtrace_count && pos < (int) sizeof(hint) - 12; i++) {
+    uint32_t addr = s_raw_crash_data.backtrace[i];
+#if CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ARCH_RISCV
+    if (i >= s_raw_crash_data.reg_frame_count && !is_return_addr(addr))
+      continue;
+#endif
+    pos += snprintf(hint + pos, sizeof(hint) - pos, " 0x%08" PRIX32, addr);
+  }
+  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "%s", hint);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::esp32
+
+// --- Panic handler wrapper ---
+// Intercepts esp_panic_handler() via --wrap linker flag to capture crash data
+// into NOINIT memory before the normal panic handler runs.
+//
+extern "C" {
+// NOLINTBEGIN(bugprone-reserved-identifier,cert-dcl37-c,cert-dcl51-cpp,readability-identifier-naming)
+// Names are mandated by the --wrap linker mechanism
+extern void __real_esp_panic_handler(panic_info_t *info);
+
+void IRAM_ATTR __wrap_esp_panic_handler(panic_info_t *info) {
+  // Save the faulting PC and exception info
+  s_raw_crash_data.pc = (uint32_t) info->addr;
+  s_raw_crash_data.backtrace_count = 0;
+  s_raw_crash_data.reg_frame_count = 0;
+  s_raw_crash_data.exception = (uint8_t) info->exception;
+  s_raw_crash_data.pseudo_excause = info->pseudo_excause ? 1 : 0;
+
+#if CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ARCH_XTENSA
+  // Xtensa: walk the backtrace using the public API
+  if (info->frame != nullptr) {
+    auto *xt_frame = (XtExcFrame *) info->frame;
+    s_raw_crash_data.cause = xt_frame->exccause;
+    esp_backtrace_frame_t bt_frame = {
+        .pc = (uint32_t) xt_frame->pc,
+        .sp = (uint32_t) xt_frame->a1,
+        .next_pc = (uint32_t) xt_frame->a0,
+        .exc_frame = xt_frame,
+    };
+
+    uint8_t count = 0;
+    // First frame PC
+    uint32_t first_pc = esp_cpu_process_stack_pc(bt_frame.pc);
+    if (is_code_addr(first_pc)) {
+      s_raw_crash_data.backtrace[count++] = first_pc;
+    }
+    // Walk remaining frames
+    while (count < MAX_BACKTRACE && bt_frame.next_pc != 0) {
+      if (!esp_backtrace_get_next_frame(&bt_frame)) {
+        break;
+      }
+      uint32_t pc = esp_cpu_process_stack_pc(bt_frame.pc);
+      if (is_code_addr(pc)) {
+        s_raw_crash_data.backtrace[count++] = pc;
+      }
+    }
+    s_raw_crash_data.backtrace_count = count;
+  }
+
+#elif CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ARCH_RISCV
+  // RISC-V: capture MEPC + RA, then scan stack for code addresses
+  if (info->frame != nullptr) {
+    auto *rv_frame = (RvExcFrame *) info->frame;
+    s_raw_crash_data.cause = rv_frame->mcause;
+    uint8_t count = 0;
+
+    // Save MEPC (fault PC) and RA (return address)
+    if (is_code_addr(rv_frame->mepc)) {
+      s_raw_crash_data.backtrace[count++] = rv_frame->mepc;
+    }
+    if (is_code_addr(rv_frame->ra) && rv_frame->ra != rv_frame->mepc) {
+      s_raw_crash_data.backtrace[count++] = rv_frame->ra;
+    }
+
+    // Track how many entries came from registers (MEPC/RA) so we can
+    // skip return-address validation for them at log time.
+    s_raw_crash_data.reg_frame_count = count;
+
+    // Scan stack for code addresses — captures broadly during panic,
+    // filtered by is_return_addr() at log time when flash is accessible.
+    auto *scan_start = (uint32_t *) rv_frame->sp;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < 64 && count < MAX_BACKTRACE; i++) {
+      uint32_t val = scan_start[i];
+      if (is_code_addr(val) && val != rv_frame->mepc && val != rv_frame->ra) {
+        s_raw_crash_data.backtrace[count++] = val;
+      }
+    }
+    s_raw_crash_data.backtrace_count = count;
+  }
+#endif
+
+  // Write version and magic last — ensures all data is written before we mark it valid
+  s_raw_crash_data.version = CRASH_DATA_VERSION;
+  s_raw_crash_data.magic = CRASH_MAGIC;
+
+  // Call the real panic handler (prints to UART, does core dump, reboots, etc.)
+  __real_esp_panic_handler(info);
+}
+
+// NOLINTEND(bugprone-reserved-identifier,cert-dcl37-c,cert-dcl51-cpp,readability-identifier-naming)
+}  // extern "C"
+
+#endif  // USE_ESP32_CRASH_HANDLER
+#endif  // USE_ESP32
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/crash_handler.h b/esphome/components/esp32/crash_handler.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..97a4d4e116
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/crash_handler.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_CRASH_HANDLER
+
+namespace esphome::esp32 {
+
+/// Read crash data from NOINIT memory and clear the magic marker.
+void crash_handler_read_and_clear();
+
+/// Log crash data if a crash was detected on previous boot.
+void crash_handler_log();
+
+/// Returns true if crash data was found this boot.
+bool crash_handler_has_data();
+
+}  // namespace esphome::esp32
+
+#endif  // USE_ESP32_CRASH_HANDLER
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/logger_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/logger/logger_esp32.cpp
index d6ad77ff4f..f5bf782289 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/logger_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/logger_esp32.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 #include "logger.h"
 
+#include "esphome/components/esp32/crash_handler.h"
 #include <esp_log.h>
 
 #include <driver/uart.h>
@@ -117,6 +118,9 @@ void Logger::pre_setup() {
   esp_log_set_vprintf(esp_idf_log_vprintf_);
 
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Log initialized");
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_CRASH_HANDLER
+  esp32::crash_handler_log();
+#endif
 }
 
 void HOT Logger::write_msg_(const char *msg, uint16_t len) {
diff --git a/esphome/core/defines.h b/esphome/core/defines.h
index cec77fe2e2..a33f10cb9c 100644
--- a/esphome/core/defines.h
+++ b/esphome/core/defines.h
@@ -195,6 +195,7 @@
 
 // ESP32-specific feature flags
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
+#define USE_ESP32_CRASH_HANDLER
 #define USE_MQTT_IDF_ENQUEUE
 #define USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
 #define USE_OTA_ROLLBACK
diff --git a/esphome/platformio_api.py b/esphome/platformio_api.py
index 5d4065207f..cb080b2a95 100644
--- a/esphome/platformio_api.py
+++ b/esphome/platformio_api.py
@@ -340,6 +340,8 @@ STACKTRACE_ESP32_BACKTRACE_RE = re.compile(
     r"Backtrace:(?:\s*0x[0-9a-fA-F]{8}:0x[0-9a-fA-F]{8})+"
 )
 STACKTRACE_ESP32_BACKTRACE_PC_RE = re.compile(r"4[0-9a-f]{7}")
+# ESP32 crash handler (stored backtrace from previous boot)
+STACKTRACE_ESP32_CRASH_BT_RE = re.compile(r"BT\d+:\s*0x([0-9a-fA-F]{8})")
 STACKTRACE_ESP8266_BACKTRACE_PC_RE = re.compile(r"4[0-9a-f]{7}")
 
 
@@ -371,6 +373,11 @@ def process_stacktrace(config, line, backtrace_state):
         )
         _decode_pc(config, match.group(1))
 
+    # ESP32 crash handler backtrace (from previous boot)
+    match = re.search(STACKTRACE_ESP32_CRASH_BT_RE, line)
+    if match is not None:
+        _decode_pc(config, match.group(1))
+
     # ESP32 single-line backtrace
     match = re.match(STACKTRACE_ESP32_BACKTRACE_RE, line)
     if match is not None:
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_api.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_api.py
index 1686144277..e1b3908c24 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_api.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_platformio_api.py
@@ -673,6 +673,34 @@ def test_process_stacktrace_bad_alloc(
     assert state is False
 
 
+def test_process_stacktrace_esp32_crash_handler(
+    setup_core: Path, mock_decode_pc: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """Test process_stacktrace handles ESP32 crash handler backtrace lines."""
+    config = {"name": "test"}
+
+    # Simulate crash handler log lines as they appear from the API/serial
+    line_pc = "[E][esp32.crash:078]:   PC:  0x400D1234  (fault location)"
+    state = platformio_api.process_stacktrace(config, line_pc, False)
+    # PC line is matched by existing STACKTRACE_ESP32_PC_RE
+    mock_decode_pc.assert_called_with(config, "400D1234")
+    assert state is False
+
+    mock_decode_pc.reset_mock()
+
+    line_bt0 = "[E][esp32.crash:080]:   BT0: 0x400D5678  (backtrace)"
+    state = platformio_api.process_stacktrace(config, line_bt0, False)
+    mock_decode_pc.assert_called_once_with(config, "400D5678")
+    assert state is False
+
+    mock_decode_pc.reset_mock()
+
+    line_bt1 = "[E][esp32.crash:080]:   BT1: 0x42005ABC  (backtrace)"
+    state = platformio_api.process_stacktrace(config, line_bt1, False)
+    mock_decode_pc.assert_called_once_with(config, "42005ABC")
+    assert state is False
+
+
 def test_patch_file_downloader_succeeds_first_try() -> None:
     """Test patch_file_downloader succeeds on first attempt."""
     mock_exception_cls = type("PackageException", (Exception,), {})

From 7cec2d3029ae4d2f873633c060b49ade4f77eadd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Keith Burzinski <kbx81x@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Mar 2026 23:48:27 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 543/609] [ethernet] ESP32-S3 Ethernet compilation fix (#14717)

---
 esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h | 3 +++
 esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_helpers.c   | 2 ++
 tests/components/ethernet/common-w5500.yaml      | 4 ++--
 tests/components/ethernet/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml | 1 +
 4 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/components/ethernet/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml

diff --git a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h
index c464e20b84..f7a0996fb7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h
@@ -11,11 +11,14 @@
 
 #include "esp_eth.h"
 #include "esp_eth_mac.h"
+#include "esp_eth_mac_esp.h"
 #include "esp_netif.h"
 #include "esp_mac.h"
 #include "esp_idf_version.h"
 
+#if CONFIG_ETH_USE_ESP32_EMAC
 extern "C" eth_esp32_emac_config_t eth_esp32_emac_default_config(void);
+#endif
 
 namespace esphome::ethernet {
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_helpers.c b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_helpers.c
index 96faccad24..963db3ff1c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_helpers.c
+++ b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_helpers.c
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 // ETH_ESP32_EMAC_DEFAULT_CONFIG() uses out-of-order designated initializers
 // which are valid in C but not in C++. This wrapper allows C++ code to get
 // the default config without replicating the macro's contents.
+#if CONFIG_ETH_USE_ESP32_EMAC
 eth_esp32_emac_config_t eth_esp32_emac_default_config(void) {
   return (eth_esp32_emac_config_t) ETH_ESP32_EMAC_DEFAULT_CONFIG();
 }
+#endif
diff --git a/tests/components/ethernet/common-w5500.yaml b/tests/components/ethernet/common-w5500.yaml
index 1f8b8650dd..bf3f6f3f0c 100644
--- a/tests/components/ethernet/common-w5500.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/ethernet/common-w5500.yaml
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ ethernet:
   type: W5500
   clk_pin: 19
   mosi_pin: 21
-  miso_pin: 23
+  miso_pin: 17
   cs_pin: 18
   interrupt_pin: 36
-  reset_pin: 22
+  reset_pin: 12
   clock_speed: 10Mhz
   manual_ip:
     static_ip: 192.168.178.56
diff --git a/tests/components/ethernet/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml b/tests/components/ethernet/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..36f1b5365f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ethernet/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<<: !include common-w5500.yaml

From e8f51fec889ada351d35311c2b3ce1ed7239d35e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 11 Mar 2026 19:23:01 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 544/609] [rp2040] Fix crash handler design flaws (#14716)

---
 esphome/components/api/api_connection.h     |  6 ++++++
 esphome/components/logger/logger_rp2040.cpp |  5 +++++
 esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py       |  1 +
 esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp          |  6 +++++-
 esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.cpp | 23 ++++++++++++++++-----
 esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.h   |  8 ++++++-
 esphome/core/defines.h                      |  1 +
 7 files changed, 43 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
index 60cc3e91b1..68f698d190 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_connection.h
@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_CRASH_HANDLER
 #include "esphome/components/esp32/crash_handler.h"
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_RP2040_CRASH_HANDLER
+#include "esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.h"
+#endif
 #include "esphome/core/entity_base.h"
 #include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
 
@@ -240,6 +243,9 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnectionBase {
       App.schedule_dump_config();
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_CRASH_HANDLER
     esp32::crash_handler_log();
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_RP2040_CRASH_HANDLER
+    rp2040::crash_handler_log();
 #endif
   }
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/logger_rp2040.cpp b/esphome/components/logger/logger_rp2040.cpp
index f76b823a8f..b7225c2a25 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/logger_rp2040.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/logger_rp2040.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 #ifdef USE_RP2040
 #include "logger.h"
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#ifdef USE_RP2040_CRASH_HANDLER
 #include "esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.h"
+#endif
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome::logger {
@@ -26,7 +29,9 @@ void Logger::pre_setup() {
   }
   global_logger = this;
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Log initialized");
+#ifdef USE_RP2040_CRASH_HANDLER
   rp2040::crash_handler_log();
+#endif
 }
 
 void HOT Logger::write_msg_(const char *msg, uint16_t len) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py b/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py
index b15811241c..276187b273 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py
@@ -212,6 +212,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     )
 
     cg.add_define("USE_RP2040_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT", config[CONF_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT])
+    cg.add_define("USE_RP2040_CRASH_HANDLER")
 
 
 def add_pio_file(component: str, key: str, data: str):
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp b/esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp
index 5e5a96c78b..7079cbca15 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/core.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 #ifdef USE_RP2040
 
 #include "core.h"
-#include "crash_handler.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#ifdef USE_RP2040_CRASH_HANDLER
+#include "crash_handler.h"
+#endif
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
@@ -25,7 +27,9 @@ void arch_restart() {
 }
 
 void arch_init() {
+#ifdef USE_RP2040_CRASH_HANDLER
   rp2040::crash_handler_read_and_clear();
+#endif
 #if USE_RP2040_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT > 0
   watchdog_enable(USE_RP2040_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT, false);
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.cpp b/esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.cpp
index 6ab46da444..1f579c2d18 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 #ifdef USE_RP2040
 
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#ifdef USE_RP2040_CRASH_HANDLER
+
 #include "crash_handler.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
@@ -13,13 +16,19 @@
 static constexpr uint32_t EF_LR = 5;
 static constexpr uint32_t EF_PC = 6;
 
-static constexpr uint32_t CRASH_MAGIC = 0xDEADBEEF;
+// Version encoded in the magic value: upper 16 bits are sentinel (0xDEAD),
+// lower 16 bits are the version number. This avoids using a separate scratch
+// register for versioning (we only have 8 total). Future firmware reads the
+// sentinel to confirm it's crash data, then the version to know the layout.
+static constexpr uint32_t CRASH_MAGIC_SENTINEL = 0xDEAD0000;
+static constexpr uint32_t CRASH_DATA_VERSION = 1;
+static constexpr uint32_t CRASH_MAGIC_V1 = CRASH_MAGIC_SENTINEL | CRASH_DATA_VERSION;
 
 // We only have 8 scratch registers (32 bytes) that survive watchdog reboot.
 // Use them for the most important data, then scan the stack for code addresses.
 //
 // Scratch register layout:
-// [0] = magic (CRASH_MAGIC)
+// [0] = versioned magic (upper 16 bits = 0xDEAD sentinel, lower 16 bits = version)
 // [1] = PC (program counter at fault)
 // [2] = LR (link register from exception frame)
 // [3] = SP (stack pointer at fault)
@@ -57,9 +66,12 @@ static struct {
   uint8_t backtrace_count;
 } __attribute__((section(".noinit"))) s_crash_data;
 
+bool crash_handler_has_data() { return s_crash_data.valid; }
+
 void crash_handler_read_and_clear() {
   s_crash_data.valid = false;
-  if (watchdog_hw->scratch[0] == CRASH_MAGIC) {
+  uint32_t magic = watchdog_hw->scratch[0];
+  if ((magic & 0xFFFF0000) == CRASH_MAGIC_SENTINEL && (magic & 0xFFFF) == CRASH_DATA_VERSION) {
     s_crash_data.valid = true;
     s_crash_data.pc = watchdog_hw->scratch[1];
     s_crash_data.lr = watchdog_hw->scratch[2];
@@ -135,7 +147,7 @@ static void __attribute__((used, noreturn)) hard_fault_handler_c(uint32_t *frame
   // by a stacking error or corrupted SP, frame may be invalid. Write a minimal
   // crash marker so we at least know a crash occurred.
   if (!is_valid_sram_ptr(frame)) {
-    watchdog_hw->scratch[0] = CRASH_MAGIC;
+    watchdog_hw->scratch[0] = CRASH_MAGIC_V1;
     watchdog_hw->scratch[1] = 0;                                   // PC unknown
     watchdog_hw->scratch[2] = 0;                                   // LR unknown
     watchdog_hw->scratch[3] = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(frame);  // Record the bad SP for diagnosis
@@ -157,7 +169,7 @@ static void __attribute__((used, noreturn)) hard_fault_handler_c(uint32_t *frame
   uint32_t pre_fault_sp = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(post_frame);
 
   // Write key registers
-  watchdog_hw->scratch[0] = CRASH_MAGIC;
+  watchdog_hw->scratch[0] = CRASH_MAGIC_V1;
   watchdog_hw->scratch[1] = frame[EF_PC];
   watchdog_hw->scratch[2] = frame[EF_LR];
   watchdog_hw->scratch[3] = pre_fault_sp;
@@ -224,4 +236,5 @@ extern "C" void __attribute__((naked, used)) isr_hardfault() {
                  : "i"(hard_fault_handler_c));
 }
 
+#endif  // USE_RP2040_CRASH_HANDLER
 #endif  // USE_RP2040
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.h b/esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.h
index f10db47c23..78e8ede08c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.h
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.h
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 
 #ifdef USE_RP2040
 
-#include <cstdint>
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_RP2040_CRASH_HANDLER
 
 namespace esphome::rp2040 {
 
@@ -12,6 +14,10 @@ void crash_handler_read_and_clear();
 /// Log crash data if a crash was detected on previous boot.
 void crash_handler_log();
 
+/// Returns true if crash data was found this boot.
+bool crash_handler_has_data();
+
 }  // namespace esphome::rp2040
 
+#endif  // USE_RP2040_CRASH_HANDLER
 #endif  // USE_RP2040
diff --git a/esphome/core/defines.h b/esphome/core/defines.h
index a33f10cb9c..073170aafb 100644
--- a/esphome/core/defines.h
+++ b/esphome/core/defines.h
@@ -338,6 +338,7 @@
 #ifdef USE_RP2040
 #define USE_ARDUINO_VERSION_CODE VERSION_CODE(3, 3, 0)
 #define USE_LOOP_PRIORITY
+#define USE_RP2040_CRASH_HANDLER
 #define USE_HTTP_REQUEST_RESPONSE
 #define USE_I2C
 #define USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC

From 6002badb3c35b20475a76cef3781f13967c1260e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Adam DeMuri <adam.demuri@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Mar 2026 02:00:26 -0600
Subject: [PATCH 545/609] [modbus] Fix buffer overflow in modbus (#14719)

Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@home-assistant.io>
---
 esphome/components/modbus/modbus.cpp    | 12 ++---
 tests/components/modbus/modbus_test.cpp | 59 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/components/modbus/modbus_test.cpp

diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.cpp b/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.cpp
index 82672217c5..7a61868e6e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus/modbus.cpp
@@ -125,13 +125,17 @@ bool Modbus::parse_modbus_byte_(uint8_t byte) {
   // Byte 0: modbus address (match all)
   if (at == 0)
     return true;
-  uint8_t address = raw[0];
-  uint8_t function_code = raw[1];
+  // Byte 1: function code
+  if (at == 1)
+    return true;
   // Byte 2: Size (with modbus rtu function code 4/3)
   // See also https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modbus
   if (at == 2)
     return true;
 
+  uint8_t address = raw[0];
+  uint8_t function_code = raw[1];
+
   uint8_t data_len = raw[2];
   uint8_t data_offset = 3;
 
@@ -146,10 +150,6 @@ bool Modbus::parse_modbus_byte_(uint8_t byte) {
     // chance that this is a complete message ... admittedly there is a small chance is
     // isn't but that is quite small given the purpose of the CRC in the first place
 
-    // Fewer than 2 bytes can't calc CRC
-    if (at < 2)
-      return true;
-
     data_len = at - 2;
     data_offset = 1;
 
diff --git a/tests/components/modbus/modbus_test.cpp b/tests/components/modbus/modbus_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..afe5ced082
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/modbus/modbus_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include "esphome/components/modbus/modbus.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+namespace esphome::modbus {
+
+// Exposes protected methods for testing.
+class TestModbus : public Modbus {
+ public:
+  bool test_parse_modbus_byte(uint8_t byte) { return this->parse_modbus_byte_(byte); }
+  void test_clear_rx_buffer() { this->rx_buffer_.clear(); }
+  void set_waiting(uint8_t addr) { this->waiting_for_response_ = addr; }
+};
+
+class MockDevice : public ModbusDevice {
+ public:
+  void on_modbus_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) override { this->data_received = true; }
+  bool data_received{false};
+};
+
+TEST(ModbusTest, TwoByteRegressionTest) {
+  TestModbus modbus;
+  modbus.set_role(ModbusRole::CLIENT);
+  // First byte (at=0)
+  EXPECT_TRUE(modbus.test_parse_modbus_byte(0x01));
+  // Second byte (at=1)
+  // This used to reach raw[2] because it skipped the if(at==2) check, causing a
+  // buffer overflow.
+  EXPECT_TRUE(modbus.test_parse_modbus_byte(0x03));
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusTest, TestValidFrame) {
+  TestModbus modbus;
+  modbus.set_role(ModbusRole::CLIENT);
+
+  MockDevice device;
+  device.set_parent(&modbus);
+  device.set_address(0x01);
+  modbus.register_device(&device);
+  modbus.set_waiting(0x01);
+
+  // Address 1, Function 3, Length 2, Data 0x1234
+  uint8_t frame_data[] = {0x01, 0x03, 0x02, 0x12, 0x34};
+  uint16_t crc = esphome::crc16(frame_data, sizeof(frame_data));
+
+  std::vector<uint8_t> frame;
+  for (uint8_t b : frame_data)
+    frame.push_back(b);
+  frame.push_back(crc & 0xFF);
+  frame.push_back((crc >> 8) & 0xFF);
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < frame.size(); i++) {
+    bool result = modbus.test_parse_modbus_byte(frame[i]);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(result) << "Failed at byte " << i << " (0x" << std::hex << (int) frame[i] << ")";
+  }
+  EXPECT_TRUE(device.data_received);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::modbus

From 4b1c4ba5c0561cba93d979aa8fb76da0bafff301 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Keith Burzinski <kbx81x@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Mar 2026 03:16:02 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 546/609] [ledc] Fix high-pressure crash & recovery (#14720)

---
 esphome/components/ledc/ledc_output.cpp | 53 +++++++++++++++++++++++--
 esphome/components/ledc/ledc_output.h   |  8 ++--
 2 files changed, 53 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ledc/ledc_output.cpp b/esphome/components/ledc/ledc_output.cpp
index 763de851da..592fc7bd0c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ledc/ledc_output.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ledc/ledc_output.cpp
@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@
 
 #include <driver/ledc.h>
 #include <cinttypes>
+#include <esp_private/periph_ctrl.h>
+#if !defined(SOC_LEDC_SUPPORT_FADE_STOP)
+#include <hal/ledc_ll.h>
+#endif
 
 #define CLOCK_FREQUENCY 80e6f
 
@@ -16,10 +20,10 @@
 
 static const uint8_t SETUP_ATTEMPT_COUNT_MAX = 5;
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace ledc {
+namespace esphome::ledc {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "ledc.output";
+static bool ledc_peripheral_reset_done = false;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
 static const int MAX_RES_BITS = LEDC_TIMER_BIT_MAX - 1;
 #if SOC_LEDC_SUPPORT_HS_MODE
@@ -32,6 +36,28 @@ inline ledc_mode_t get_speed_mode(uint8_t channel) { return channel < 8 ? LEDC_H
 inline ledc_mode_t get_speed_mode(uint8_t) { return LEDC_LOW_SPEED_MODE; }
 #endif
 
+#if !defined(SOC_LEDC_SUPPORT_FADE_STOP)
+// Classic ESP32 (currently the only target without SOC_LEDC_SUPPORT_FADE_STOP) can block in
+// ledc_ll_set_duty_start() while duty_start is set. We check the same conf1.duty_start bit here
+// to defer updates and avoid entering IDF's unbounded wait loop.
+//
+// This intentionally depends on the classic ESP32 LEDC register layout used by IDF's own LL HAL.
+// If another target without SOC_LEDC_SUPPORT_FADE_STOP is introduced, revisit this helper.
+static_assert(
+#if defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32)
+    true,
+#else
+    false,
+#endif
+    "LEDC duty_start pending check assumes classic ESP32 register layout; "
+    "re-evaluate for this target");
+
+static bool ledc_duty_update_pending(ledc_mode_t speed_mode, ledc_channel_t chan_num) {
+  auto *hw = LEDC_LL_GET_HW();
+  return hw->channel_group[speed_mode].channel[chan_num].conf1.duty_start != 0;
+}
+#endif
+
 float ledc_max_frequency_for_bit_depth(uint8_t bit_depth) {
   return static_cast<float>(CLOCK_FREQUENCY) / static_cast<float>(1 << bit_depth);
 }
@@ -105,21 +131,40 @@ void LEDCOutput::write_state(float state) {
   const uint32_t max_duty = (uint32_t(1) << this->bit_depth_) - 1;
   const float duty_rounded = roundf(state * max_duty);
   auto duty = static_cast<uint32_t>(duty_rounded);
+  if (duty == this->last_duty_) {
+    return;
+  }
+
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Setting duty: %" PRIu32 " on channel %u", duty, this->channel_);
   auto speed_mode = get_speed_mode(this->channel_);
   auto chan_num = static_cast<ledc_channel_t>(this->channel_ % 8);
   int hpoint = ledc_angle_to_htop(this->phase_angle_, this->bit_depth_);
   if (duty == max_duty) {
     ledc_stop(speed_mode, chan_num, 1);
+    this->last_duty_ = duty;
   } else if (duty == 0) {
     ledc_stop(speed_mode, chan_num, 0);
+    this->last_duty_ = duty;
   } else {
+#if !defined(SOC_LEDC_SUPPORT_FADE_STOP)
+    if (ledc_duty_update_pending(speed_mode, chan_num)) {
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Skipping LEDC duty update on channel %u while previous duty_start is still set", this->channel_);
+      return;
+    }
+#endif
     ledc_set_duty_with_hpoint(speed_mode, chan_num, duty, hpoint);
     ledc_update_duty(speed_mode, chan_num);
+    this->last_duty_ = duty;
   }
 }
 
 void LEDCOutput::setup() {
+  if (!ledc_peripheral_reset_done) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Resetting LEDC peripheral to clear stale state after reboot");
+    periph_module_reset(PERIPH_LEDC_MODULE);
+    ledc_peripheral_reset_done = true;
+  }
+
   auto speed_mode = get_speed_mode(this->channel_);
   auto timer_num = static_cast<ledc_timer_t>((this->channel_ % 8) / 2);
   auto chan_num = static_cast<ledc_channel_t>(this->channel_ % 8);
@@ -207,12 +252,12 @@ void LEDCOutput::update_frequency(float frequency) {
   this->status_clear_error();
 
   // re-apply duty
+  this->last_duty_ = UINT32_MAX;
   this->write_state(this->duty_);
 }
 
 uint8_t next_ledc_channel = 0;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
-}  // namespace ledc
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::ledc
 
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/ledc/ledc_output.h b/esphome/components/ledc/ledc_output.h
index b24e3cfdb2..bf5cdb9305 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ledc/ledc_output.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ledc/ledc_output.h
@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/components/output/float_output.h"
+#include <cstdint>
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace ledc {
+namespace esphome::ledc {
 
 // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 extern uint8_t next_ledc_channel;
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ class LEDCOutput : public output::FloatOutput, public Component {
   float phase_angle_{0.0f};
   float frequency_{};
   float duty_{0.0f};
+  uint32_t last_duty_{UINT32_MAX};
   bool initialized_ = false;
 };
 
@@ -56,7 +57,6 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SetFrequencyAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   LEDCOutput *parent_;
 };
 
-}  // namespace ledc
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::ledc
 
 #endif

From df2ddc47ec2baae7da48a6f14831c429c8f292af Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Brian Kaufman <bkaufx@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Mar 2026 02:07:26 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 547/609] [web_server] use DETAIL_ALL in
 update_all_json_generator (#14711)

---
 esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
index 5590e67b82..4083019643 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp
@@ -2181,7 +2181,7 @@ json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::update_state_json_generator(WebServer *we
 }
 json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::update_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
   // NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks) false positive with ArduinoJson
-  return web_server->update_json_((update::UpdateEntity *) (source), DETAIL_STATE);
+  return web_server->update_json_((update::UpdateEntity *) (source), DETAIL_ALL);
 }
 json::SerializationBuffer<> WebServer::update_json_(update::UpdateEntity *obj, JsonDetail start_config) {
   // NOLINTBEGIN(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks) false positive with ArduinoJson

From 440734dadf0e4c60accb4a5d6b79eaf6a9c9c60d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kevin Ahrendt <kevin.ahrendt@openhomefoundation.org>
Date: Thu, 12 Mar 2026 07:56:01 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 548/609] [audio] Bump microOpus to v0.3.5 (#14727)

---
 esphome/components/audio/__init__.py | 2 +-
 esphome/idf_component.yml            | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/audio/__init__.py b/esphome/components/audio/__init__.py
index d95fcf66d7..b28c2ed3d8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/audio/__init__.py
@@ -214,4 +214,4 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add_define("USE_AUDIO_MP3_SUPPORT")
     if data.opus_support:
         cg.add_define("USE_AUDIO_OPUS_SUPPORT")
-        add_idf_component(name="esphome/micro-opus", ref="0.3.4")
+        add_idf_component(name="esphome/micro-opus", ref="0.3.5")
diff --git a/esphome/idf_component.yml b/esphome/idf_component.yml
index f7fd3e67bc..df651ae15d 100644
--- a/esphome/idf_component.yml
+++ b/esphome/idf_component.yml
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ dependencies:
   esphome/esp-audio-libs:
     version: 2.0.3
   esphome/micro-opus:
-    version: 0.3.4
+    version: 0.3.5
   espressif/esp-tflite-micro:
     version: 1.3.3~1
   espressif/esp32-camera:

From da130c900f82326080c1b790be68c9625912b153 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Matthias=20K=C3=B6nig?= <Matthias.Konitzny@kabelmail.de>
Date: Thu, 12 Mar 2026 17:00:08 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 549/609] [mqtt] Fixed permission denied error for client
 certificates on Windows (#13525)

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci-lite[bot] <117423508+pre-commit-ci-lite[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/mqtt.py | 19 ++++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/mqtt.py b/esphome/mqtt.py
index cbf78bd3f6..ccacbaea54 100644
--- a/esphome/mqtt.py
+++ b/esphome/mqtt.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import contextlib
 from datetime import datetime
 import json
 import logging
+import os
 import ssl
 import tempfile
 import time
@@ -109,14 +110,18 @@ def prepare(
             CONF_CLIENT_CERTIFICATE_KEY
         ):
             with (
-                tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode="w+") as cert_file,
-                tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode="w+") as key_file,
+                tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode="w+", delete=False) as cert_file,
+                tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode="w+", delete=False) as key_file,
             ):
-                cert_file.write(config[CONF_MQTT].get(CONF_CLIENT_CERTIFICATE))
-                cert_file.flush()
-                key_file.write(config[CONF_MQTT].get(CONF_CLIENT_CERTIFICATE_KEY))
-                key_file.flush()
-                context.load_cert_chain(cert_file.name, key_file.name)
+                try:
+                    cert_file.write(config[CONF_MQTT].get(CONF_CLIENT_CERTIFICATE))
+                    key_file.write(config[CONF_MQTT].get(CONF_CLIENT_CERTIFICATE_KEY))
+                    cert_file.close()
+                    key_file.close()
+                    context.load_cert_chain(cert_file.name, key_file.name)
+                finally:
+                    os.unlink(cert_file.name)
+                    os.unlink(key_file.name)
         client.tls_set_context(context)
 
     try:

From 3a838d897fac21b120b8d913141dee194cf87c6a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 12 Mar 2026 07:14:49 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 550/609] [socket] Fix use-after-free in LWIP PCB close/abort
 path (#14706)

---
 .../components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp   | 50 +++++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 41 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp
index fd1b8a9554..1e03a4935c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp
@@ -138,13 +138,46 @@ static const char *const TAG = "socket.lwip";
 #define LWIP_LOG(msg, ...)
 #endif
 
+// Clear arg, recv, and err callbacks, then abort a connected PCB.
+// Only valid for full tcp_pcb (not tcp_pcb_listen).
+// Must be called before destroying the object that tcp_arg points to —
+// tcp_abort() triggers the err callback synchronously, which would
+// otherwise call back into a partially-destroyed object.
+// tcp_sent/tcp_poll are not cleared because this implementation
+// never registers them.
+static void pcb_detach_abort(struct tcp_pcb *pcb) {
+  tcp_arg(pcb, nullptr);
+  tcp_recv(pcb, nullptr);
+  tcp_err(pcb, nullptr);
+  tcp_abort(pcb);
+}
+
+// Clear arg, recv, and err callbacks, then gracefully close a connected PCB.
+// Only valid for full tcp_pcb (not tcp_pcb_listen).
+// After tcp_close(), the PCB remains alive during the TCP close handshake
+// (FIN_WAIT, TIME_WAIT states). Without clearing callbacks first, LWIP
+// would call recv/err on a destroyed socket object, corrupting the heap.
+// tcp_sent/tcp_poll are not cleared because this implementation
+// never registers them.
+// Returns ERR_OK on success; on failure the PCB is aborted instead.
+static err_t pcb_detach_close(struct tcp_pcb *pcb) {
+  tcp_arg(pcb, nullptr);
+  tcp_recv(pcb, nullptr);
+  tcp_err(pcb, nullptr);
+  err_t err = tcp_close(pcb);
+  if (err != ERR_OK) {
+    tcp_abort(pcb);
+  }
+  return err;
+}
+
 // ---- LWIPRawCommon methods ----
 
 LWIPRawCommon::~LWIPRawCommon() {
   LWIP_LOCK();
   if (this->pcb_ != nullptr) {
     LWIP_LOG("tcp_abort(%p)", this->pcb_);
-    tcp_abort(this->pcb_);
+    pcb_detach_abort(this->pcb_);
     this->pcb_ = nullptr;
   }
 }
@@ -222,15 +255,13 @@ int LWIPRawCommon::close() {
     return -1;
   }
   LWIP_LOG("tcp_close(%p)", this->pcb_);
-  err_t err = tcp_close(this->pcb_);
+  err_t err = pcb_detach_close(this->pcb_);
+  this->pcb_ = nullptr;
   if (err != ERR_OK) {
     LWIP_LOG("  -> err %d", err);
-    tcp_abort(this->pcb_);
-    this->pcb_ = nullptr;
     errno = err == ERR_MEM ? ENOMEM : EIO;
     return -1;
   }
-  this->pcb_ = nullptr;
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -673,13 +704,10 @@ ssize_t LWIPRawImpl::writev(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt) {
 LWIPRawListenImpl::~LWIPRawListenImpl() {
   LWIP_LOCK();
   // Abort any queued PCBs that were never accepted by the main loop.
-  // Clear the error callback first — tcp_abort triggers it, and we don't
-  // want s_queued_err_fn writing to slots during destruction.
   for (uint8_t i = 0; i < this->accepted_socket_count_; i++) {
     auto &entry = this->accepted_pcbs_[i];
     if (entry.pcb != nullptr) {
-      tcp_err(entry.pcb, nullptr);
-      tcp_abort(entry.pcb);
+      pcb_detach_abort(entry.pcb);
       entry.pcb = nullptr;
     }
     if (entry.rx_buf != nullptr) {
@@ -691,6 +719,10 @@ LWIPRawListenImpl::~LWIPRawListenImpl() {
   // Listen PCBs must use tcp_close(), not tcp_abort().
   // tcp_abandon() asserts pcb->state != LISTEN and would access
   // fields that don't exist in the smaller tcp_pcb_listen struct.
+  // Don't use pcb_detach_close() here — tcp_recv()/tcp_err() also access
+  // fields that only exist in the full tcp_pcb, not tcp_pcb_listen.
+  // tcp_close() on a listen PCB is synchronous (frees immediately),
+  // so there are no async callbacks to worry about.
   // Close here and null pcb_ so the base destructor skips tcp_abort.
   if (this->pcb_ != nullptr) {
     tcp_close(this->pcb_);

From 1d881ef6f4d4a4ba8575fe5ac1c4bb50c121f767 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 12 Mar 2026 07:15:04 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 551/609] [socket] Fast path for TCP_NODELAY bypasses
 lwip_setsockopt overhead (#14693)

---
 esphome/components/socket/bsd_sockets_impl.h  | 11 ++++++++++-
 esphome/components/socket/lwip_sockets_impl.h | 11 ++++++++++-
 esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.c               | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h               |  7 +++++++
 4 files changed, 43 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/bsd_sockets_impl.h b/esphome/components/socket/bsd_sockets_impl.h
index 9ebbe72002..339a699bc9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/bsd_sockets_impl.h
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/bsd_sockets_impl.h
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
-struct lwip_sock;
+#include "esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h"
 #endif
 
 namespace esphome::socket {
@@ -56,6 +56,15 @@ class BSDSocketImpl {
     return ::getsockopt(this->fd_, level, optname, optval, optlen);
   }
   int setsockopt(int level, int optname, const void *optval, socklen_t optlen) {
+#if defined(USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT) && defined(CONFIG_LWIP_TCPIP_CORE_LOCKING)
+    // Fast path for TCP_NODELAY: directly set the pcb flag under the TCPIP core lock,
+    // bypassing lwip_setsockopt overhead (socket lookups, hook, switch cascade, refcounting).
+    if (level == IPPROTO_TCP && optname == TCP_NODELAY && optlen == sizeof(int) && optval != nullptr) {
+      LwIPLock lock;
+      if (esphome_lwip_set_nodelay(this->cached_sock_, *reinterpret_cast<const int *>(optval) != 0))
+        return 0;
+    }
+#endif
     return ::setsockopt(this->fd_, level, optname, optval, optlen);
   }
   int listen(int backlog) { return ::listen(this->fd_, backlog); }
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_sockets_impl.h b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_sockets_impl.h
index c579219863..bfc4da9926 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_sockets_impl.h
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_sockets_impl.h
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #include "headers.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
-struct lwip_sock;
+#include "esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h"
 #endif
 
 namespace esphome::socket {
@@ -52,6 +52,15 @@ class LwIPSocketImpl {
     return lwip_getsockopt(this->fd_, level, optname, optval, optlen);
   }
   int setsockopt(int level, int optname, const void *optval, socklen_t optlen) {
+#if defined(USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT) && defined(CONFIG_LWIP_TCPIP_CORE_LOCKING)
+    // Fast path for TCP_NODELAY: directly set the pcb flag under the TCPIP core lock,
+    // bypassing lwip_setsockopt overhead (socket lookups, hook, switch cascade, refcounting).
+    if (level == IPPROTO_TCP && optname == TCP_NODELAY && optlen == sizeof(int) && optval != nullptr) {
+      LwIPLock lock;
+      if (esphome_lwip_set_nodelay(this->cached_sock_, *reinterpret_cast<const int *>(optval) != 0))
+        return 0;
+    }
+#endif
     return lwip_setsockopt(this->fd_, level, optname, optval, optlen);
   }
   int listen(int backlog) { return lwip_listen(this->fd_, backlog); }
diff --git a/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.c b/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.c
index c578a9aae9..a695fa396b 100644
--- a/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.c
+++ b/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.c
@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@
 // LwIP headers must come first — they define netconn_callback, struct lwip_sock, etc.
 #include <lwip/api.h>
 #include <lwip/priv/sockets_priv.h>
+#include <lwip/tcp.h>
 // FreeRTOS include paths differ: ESP-IDF uses freertos/ prefix, LibreTiny does not
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 #include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
@@ -216,6 +217,21 @@ void esphome_lwip_hook_socket(struct lwip_sock *sock) {
   sock->conn->callback = esphome_socket_event_callback;
 }
 
+bool esphome_lwip_set_nodelay(struct lwip_sock *sock, bool enable) {
+  if (sock == NULL || sock->conn == NULL)
+    return false;
+  if (NETCONNTYPE_GROUP(sock->conn->type) != NETCONN_TCP)
+    return false;
+  if (sock->conn->pcb.tcp == NULL)
+    return false;
+  if (enable) {
+    tcp_nagle_disable(sock->conn->pcb.tcp);
+  } else {
+    tcp_nagle_enable(sock->conn->pcb.tcp);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
 // Wake the main loop from another FreeRTOS task. NOT ISR-safe.
 void esphome_lwip_wake_main_loop(void) {
   TaskHandle_t task = s_main_loop_task;
diff --git a/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h b/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h
index 46c6b711cd..50706ba9f6 100644
--- a/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h
+++ b/esphome/core/lwip_fast_select.h
@@ -66,6 +66,13 @@ void esphome_lwip_wake_main_loop(void);
 /// @param px_higher_priority_task_woken Set to pdTRUE if a context switch is needed.
 void esphome_lwip_wake_main_loop_from_isr(int *px_higher_priority_task_woken);
 
+/// Set or clear TCP_NODELAY on a socket's tcp_pcb directly.
+/// Must be called with the TCPIP core lock held (LwIPLock in C++).
+/// This bypasses lwip_setsockopt() overhead (socket lookups, switch cascade,
+/// hooks, refcounting) — just a direct pcb->flags bit set/clear.
+/// Returns true if successful, false if sock/conn/pcb is NULL or the socket is not TCP.
+bool esphome_lwip_set_nodelay(struct lwip_sock *sock, bool enable);
+
 /// Wake the main loop task from any context (ISR, thread, or main loop).
 /// ESP32-only: uses xPortInIsrContext() to detect ISR context.
 /// LibreTiny lacks IRAM_ATTR support needed for ISR-safe paths.

From 1b7d0f9c0b6745f3610dc84b38dd7236fc5dced7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 12 Mar 2026 07:15:21 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 552/609] [esp32_ble_client] Fix disconnect race that causes
 stuck connections (#14211)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .../esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp      | 43 ++++++++++++++++---
 .../esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h        | 17 +++++++-
 2 files changed, 51 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp
index 2f17334c77..9d6e079d92 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ static constexpr uint16_t MEDIUM_CONN_TIMEOUT = 800;  // 800 * 10ms = 8s
 static constexpr uint16_t FAST_MIN_CONN_INTERVAL = 0x06;  // 6 * 1.25ms = 7.5ms (BLE minimum)
 static constexpr uint16_t FAST_MAX_CONN_INTERVAL = 0x06;  // 6 * 1.25ms = 7.5ms
 static constexpr uint16_t FAST_CONN_TIMEOUT = 1000;       // 1000 * 10ms = 10s
+static constexpr uint32_t DISCONNECTING_TIMEOUT = 10000;  // 10s
 static const esp_bt_uuid_t NOTIFY_DESC_UUID = {
     .len = ESP_UUID_LEN_16,
     .uuid =
@@ -62,6 +63,15 @@ void BLEClientBase::loop() {
   // will enable it again when a connection is needed.
   else if (this->state() == espbt::ClientState::IDLE) {
     this->disable_loop();
+  } else if (this->state() == espbt::ClientState::DISCONNECTING &&
+             (millis() - this->disconnecting_started_) > DISCONNECTING_TIMEOUT) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Timeout waiting for CLOSE_EVT after disconnect, forcing IDLE", this->connection_index_,
+             this->address_str_);
+    // release_services() must be called before set_idle_() — if we entered DISCONNECTING
+    // via unconditional_disconnect() (which doesn't call release_services()), and ESP-IDF
+    // never delivered CLOSE_EVT/DISCONNECT_EVT, services would leak without this call.
+    this->release_services();
+    this->set_idle_();
   }
 }
 
@@ -101,12 +111,16 @@ bool BLEClientBase::parse_device(const espbt::ESPBTDevice &device) {
 #endif
 
 void BLEClientBase::connect() {
-  // Prevent duplicate connection attempts
+  // Prevent duplicate connection attempts or connecting while still disconnecting
   if (this->state() == espbt::ClientState::CONNECTING || this->state() == espbt::ClientState::CONNECTED ||
       this->state() == espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Connection already in progress, state=%s", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
              espbt::client_state_to_string(this->state()));
     return;
+  } else if (this->state() == espbt::ClientState::DISCONNECTING) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Cannot connect, still waiting for CLOSE_EVT to complete disconnect",
+             this->connection_index_, this->address_str_);
+    return;
   }
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] 0x%02x Connecting", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, this->remote_addr_type_);
   this->paired_ = false;
@@ -174,7 +188,7 @@ void BLEClientBase::unconditional_disconnect() {
     this->set_address(0);
     this->set_state(espbt::ClientState::IDLE);
   } else {
-    this->set_state(espbt::ClientState::DISCONNECTING);
+    this->set_disconnecting_();
   }
 }
 
@@ -220,6 +234,7 @@ void BLEClientBase::log_connection_params_(const char *param_type) {
 void BLEClientBase::handle_connection_result_(esp_err_t ret) {
   if (ret) {
     this->log_gattc_warning_("esp_ble_gattc_open", ret);
+    // Don't use set_idle_() here — CONNECT_EVT never fired so conn_id_ is still UNSET_CONN_ID.
     this->set_state(espbt::ClientState::IDLE);
   }
 }
@@ -311,15 +326,16 @@ bool BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
       }
       if (param->open.status != ESP_GATT_OK && param->open.status != ESP_GATT_ALREADY_OPEN) {
         this->log_gattc_warning_("Connection open", param->open.status);
-        this->set_state(espbt::ClientState::IDLE);
+        // Connection was never established so CLOSE_EVT may not follow
+        this->set_idle_();
         break;
       }
       if (this->want_disconnect_) {
         // Disconnect was requested after connecting started,
         // but before the connection was established. Now that we have
         // this->conn_id_ set, we can disconnect it.
+        // Don't reset conn_id_ here — CLOSE_EVT needs it to match and call set_idle_().
         this->unconditional_disconnect();
-        this->conn_id_ = UNSET_CONN_ID;
         break;
       }
       // MTU negotiation already started in ESP_GATTC_CONNECT_EVT
@@ -363,8 +379,22 @@ bool BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
         ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] ESP_GATTC_DISCONNECT_EVT, reason 0x%02x", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
                  param->disconnect.reason);
       }
+      // For active disconnects (esp_ble_gattc_close), CLOSE_EVT arrives before
+      // DISCONNECT_EVT. If CLOSE_EVT already transitioned us to IDLE, don't go
+      // backwards to DISCONNECTING — the connection is already fully cleaned up.
+      if (this->state() == espbt::ClientState::IDLE) {
+        this->log_event_("DISCONNECT_EVT after CLOSE_EVT, already IDLE");
+        break;
+      }
+      // For passive disconnects (remote device disconnected or link lost),
+      // DISCONNECT_EVT arrives first. Don't transition to IDLE yet — wait for
+      // CLOSE_EVT to ensure the controller has fully freed resources (L2CAP
+      // channels, ATT resources, HCI connection handle). Transitioning to IDLE
+      // here would allow reconnection before cleanup is complete, causing the
+      // controller to reject the new connection (status=133) or crash with
+      // ASSERT_PARAM in lld_evt.c.
       this->release_services();
-      this->set_state(espbt::ClientState::IDLE);
+      this->set_disconnecting_();
       break;
     }
 
@@ -387,8 +417,7 @@ bool BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
         return false;
       this->log_gattc_lifecycle_event_("CLOSE");
       this->release_services();
-      this->set_state(espbt::ClientState::IDLE);
-      this->conn_id_ = UNSET_CONN_ID;
+      this->set_idle_();
       break;
     }
     case ESP_GATTC_SEARCH_RES_EVT: {
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h
index af4f1b3029..4e0b22cc29 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h
@@ -113,11 +113,14 @@ class BLEClientBase : public espbt::ESPBTClient, public Component {
   char address_str_[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE]{};
   esp_bd_addr_t remote_bda_;  // 6 bytes
 
-  // Group 5: 2-byte types
+  // Group 5: 4-byte types
+  uint32_t disconnecting_started_{0};
+
+  // Group 6: 2-byte types
   uint16_t conn_id_{UNSET_CONN_ID};
   uint16_t mtu_{23};
 
-  // Group 6: 1-byte types and small enums
+  // Group 7: 1-byte types and small enums
   esp_ble_addr_type_t remote_addr_type_{BLE_ADDR_TYPE_PUBLIC};
   espbt::ConnectionType connection_type_{espbt::ConnectionType::V1};
   uint8_t connection_index_;
@@ -137,6 +140,16 @@ class BLEClientBase : public espbt::ESPBTClient, public Component {
   void log_gattc_warning_(const char *operation, esp_err_t err);
   void log_connection_params_(const char *param_type);
   void handle_connection_result_(esp_err_t ret);
+  /// Transition to IDLE and reset conn_id — call when the connection is fully dead.
+  void set_idle_() {
+    this->set_state(espbt::ClientState::IDLE);
+    this->conn_id_ = UNSET_CONN_ID;
+  }
+  /// Transition to DISCONNECTING and start the safety timeout.
+  void set_disconnecting_() {
+    this->disconnecting_started_ = millis();
+    this->set_state(espbt::ClientState::DISCONNECTING);
+  }
   // Compact error logging helpers to reduce flash usage
   void log_error_(const char *message);
   void log_error_(const char *message, int code);

From 33475703da772d24e7a6df3e8a15160c5db53f8d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 12 Mar 2026 07:15:34 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 553/609] [time] Fix settimeofday() failure on ESP8266 (#14707)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.cpp | 12 ++++++------
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.cpp b/esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.cpp
index 566344fa88..4e623942ac 100644
--- a/esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.cpp
@@ -88,16 +88,16 @@ void RealTimeClock::synchronize_epoch_(uint32_t epoch) {
   struct timeval timev {
     .tv_sec = static_cast<time_t>(epoch), .tv_usec = 0,
   };
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+  // ESP8266 settimeofday() requires tz to be nullptr
+  int ret = settimeofday(&timev, nullptr);
+#else
   struct timezone tz = {0, 0};
   int ret = settimeofday(&timev, &tz);
-  if (ret != 0 && errno == EINVAL) {
-    // Some ESP8266 frameworks abort when timezone parameter is not NULL
-    // while ESP32 expects it not to be NULL
-    ret = settimeofday(&timev, nullptr);
-  }
+#endif
 
   if (ret != 0) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "setimeofday() failed with code %d", ret);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "settimeofday() failed with code %d", ret);
   }
 #endif
   auto time = this->now();

From c8cf9b74b104a1965897c16706ee30999d6fe25b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 12 Mar 2026 07:15:48 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 554/609] [ota][socket] Fix ESP8266/RP2040 OTA timeout by using
 SO_RCVTIMEO instead of polling (#14675)

---
 .../components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.cpp    | 46 +++++++++++-
 esphome/components/socket/headers.h           |  2 +
 .../components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp   | 71 +++++++++++++++++--
 esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.h | 16 +++--
 4 files changed, 123 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.cpp b/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.cpp
index a1cdf59d2b..d8dbe2dee2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 #include <cerrno>
 #include <cstdio>
+#include <sys/time.h>
 
 namespace esphome {
 
@@ -238,6 +239,31 @@ void ESPHomeOTAComponent::handle_data_() {
   /// and reboots on success.
   ///
   /// Authentication has already been handled in the non-blocking states AUTH_SEND/AUTH_READ.
+  ///
+  /// Socket I/O strategy:
+  ///
+  /// Before this function, the handshake states use non-blocking I/O:
+  ///   read()/write() return immediately with EWOULDBLOCK if no data
+  ///   loop() retries on next iteration (~16ms), no delay needed
+  ///
+  /// This function switches to blocking mode with SO_RCVTIMEO/SO_SNDTIMEO:
+  ///
+  ///   Path          | Wait mechanism         | WDT strategy
+  ///   --------------|------------------------|---------------------------
+  ///   Main read     | SO_RCVTIMEO (2s block) | feed_wdt() only, no delay
+  ///   readall_()    | SO_RCVTIMEO (2s block) | feed_wdt() + delay(0)
+  ///   writeall_()   | SO_SNDTIMEO (2s block) | feed_wdt() + delay(1)
+  ///
+  /// readall_() uses delay(0) because SO_RCVTIMEO already waited — just yield.
+  /// writeall_() uses delay(1) because on raw TCP (ESP8266, RP2040) writes
+  /// never block (tcp_write returns immediately), so delay(1) prevents spinning.
+  ///
+  /// Platform details:
+  ///   BSD sockets (ESP32):     setblocking(true) makes read/write block
+  ///   lwip sockets (LT):      setblocking(true) makes read/write block
+  ///   Raw TCP (8266, RP2040):  setblocking is no-op; SO_RCVTIMEO uses
+  ///                            socket_delay()/socket_wake() in read();
+  ///                            write() always returns immediately
   ota::OTAResponseTypes error_code = ota::OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_UNKNOWN;
   bool update_started = false;
   size_t total = 0;
@@ -249,6 +275,14 @@ void ESPHomeOTAComponent::handle_data_() {
   size_t size_acknowledged = 0;
 #endif
 
+  // Set socket timeouts and blocking mode (see strategy table above)
+  struct timeval tv;
+  tv.tv_sec = 2;
+  tv.tv_usec = 0;
+  this->client_->setsockopt(SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, &tv, sizeof(tv));
+  this->client_->setsockopt(SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDTIMEO, &tv, sizeof(tv));
+  this->client_->setblocking(true);
+
   // Acknowledge auth OK - 1 byte
   this->write_byte_(ota::OTA_RESPONSE_AUTH_OK);
 
@@ -299,7 +333,8 @@ void ESPHomeOTAComponent::handle_data_() {
     ssize_t read = this->client_->read(buf, requested);
     if (read == -1) {
       if (this->would_block_(errno)) {
-        this->yield_and_feed_watchdog_();
+        // read() already waited up to SO_RCVTIMEO for data, just feed WDT
+        App.feed_wdt();
         continue;
       }
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Read err %d", errno);
@@ -401,7 +436,9 @@ bool ESPHomeOTAComponent::readall_(uint8_t *buf, size_t len) {
     } else {
       at += read;
     }
-    this->yield_and_feed_watchdog_();
+    // read() already waited via SO_RCVTIMEO, just yield without 1ms stall
+    App.feed_wdt();
+    delay(0);
   }
 
   return true;
@@ -422,10 +459,13 @@ bool ESPHomeOTAComponent::writeall_(const uint8_t *buf, size_t len) {
         ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Write err %zu bytes, errno %d", len, errno);
         return false;
       }
+      // EWOULDBLOCK: on raw TCP writes never block, delay(1) prevents spinning
+      this->yield_and_feed_watchdog_();
     } else {
       at += written;
+      // write() may block up to SO_SNDTIMEO on BSD/lwip sockets, feed WDT
+      App.feed_wdt();
     }
-    this->yield_and_feed_watchdog_();
   }
   return true;
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/headers.h b/esphome/components/socket/headers.h
index 16e4d23d3b..0eece6480f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/headers.h
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/headers.h
@@ -51,6 +51,8 @@
 #define SO_REUSEADDR 0x0004 /* Allow local address reuse */
 #define SO_KEEPALIVE 0x0008 /* keep connections alive */
 #define SO_BROADCAST 0x0020 /* permit to send and to receive broadcast messages (see IP_SOF_BROADCAST option) */
+#define SO_RCVTIMEO 0x1006  /* receive timeout */
+#define SO_SNDTIMEO 0x1005  /* send timeout */
 
 #define SOL_SOCKET 0xfff /* options for socket level */
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp
index 1e03a4935c..96328e68c7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 #include <cerrno>
 #include <cstring>
+#include <sys/time.h>
 
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
@@ -81,7 +82,9 @@ void socket_delay(uint32_t ms) {
     s_socket_woke = false;
     return;
   }
-  s_socket_woke = false;
+  // Don't clear s_socket_woke here — if an IRQ fires between the check above
+  // and the while loop below, the while condition sees it immediately. Clearing
+  // here would lose that wake and sleep until the timer fires.
   s_delay_expired = false;
   // Set a one-shot timer to wake us after the timeout.
   // add_alarm_in_ms returns >0 on success, 0 if time already passed, <0 on error.
@@ -99,6 +102,7 @@ void socket_delay(uint32_t ms) {
   // Cancel timer if we woke early (socket data arrived before timeout)
   if (!s_delay_expired)
     cancel_alarm(alarm);
+  s_socket_woke = false;  // consume the wake for next call
 }
 
 // No IRAM_ATTR equivalent needed: on RP2040, CYW43 async_context runs LWIP
@@ -359,6 +363,18 @@ int LWIPRawCommon::getsockopt(int level, int optname, void *optval, socklen_t *o
     *optlen = 4;
     return 0;
   }
+  if (level == SOL_SOCKET && optname == SO_RCVTIMEO) {
+    if (*optlen < sizeof(struct timeval)) {
+      errno = EINVAL;
+      return -1;
+    }
+    uint32_t ms = this->recv_timeout_cs_ * 10;
+    auto *tv = reinterpret_cast<struct timeval *>(optval);
+    tv->tv_sec = ms / 1000;
+    tv->tv_usec = (ms % 1000) * 1000;
+    *optlen = sizeof(struct timeval);
+    return 0;
+  }
   if (level == IPPROTO_TCP && optname == TCP_NODELAY) {
     if (*optlen < 4) {
       errno = EINVAL;
@@ -388,6 +404,21 @@ int LWIPRawCommon::setsockopt(int level, int optname, const void *optval, sockle
     // to prevent warnings
     return 0;
   }
+  if (level == SOL_SOCKET && optname == SO_RCVTIMEO) {
+    if (optlen < sizeof(struct timeval)) {
+      errno = EINVAL;
+      return -1;
+    }
+    const auto *tv = reinterpret_cast<const struct timeval *>(optval);
+    uint32_t ms = tv->tv_sec * 1000 + tv->tv_usec / 1000;
+    uint32_t cs = (ms + 9) / 10;  // round up to nearest centisecond
+    this->recv_timeout_cs_ = cs > 255 ? 255 : static_cast<uint8_t>(cs);
+    return 0;
+  }
+  if (level == SOL_SOCKET && optname == SO_SNDTIMEO) {
+    // Raw TCP writes are non-blocking (tcp_write), so send timeout is a no-op.
+    return 0;
+  }
   if (level == IPPROTO_TCP && optname == TCP_NODELAY) {
     if (optlen != 4) {
       errno = EINVAL;
@@ -518,8 +549,25 @@ err_t LWIPRawImpl::recv_fn(struct pbuf *pb, err_t err) {
   return ERR_OK;
 }
 
-ssize_t LWIPRawImpl::read(void *buf, size_t len) {
-  LWIP_LOCK();
+void LWIPRawImpl::wait_for_data_() {
+  // Wait for data without holding LWIP_LOCK so recv_fn() can run on RP2040
+  // (needs async_context lock).
+  //
+  // Loop until data arrives, connection closes, or the full timeout elapses.
+  // socket_delay() may return early due to other sockets waking the global
+  // socket_wake() flag, so we re-enter for the remaining time.
+  uint32_t timeout_ms = this->recv_timeout_cs_ * 10;
+  uint32_t start = millis();
+  while (this->waiting_for_data_()) {
+    uint32_t elapsed = millis() - start;
+    if (elapsed >= timeout_ms)
+      break;
+    socket_delay(timeout_ms - elapsed);
+  }
+}
+
+ssize_t LWIPRawImpl::read_locked_(void *buf, size_t len) {
+  // Caller must hold LWIP_LOCK. Copies available data from rx_buf_ into buf.
   if (this->pcb_ == nullptr) {
     errno = ECONNRESET;
     return -1;
@@ -578,11 +626,26 @@ ssize_t LWIPRawImpl::read(void *buf, size_t len) {
   return read;
 }
 
+ssize_t LWIPRawImpl::read(void *buf, size_t len) {
+  // See waiting_for_data_() for safety of unlocked reads.
+  if (this->recv_timeout_cs_ > 0 && this->waiting_for_data_()) {
+    this->wait_for_data_();
+  }
+
+  LWIP_LOCK();
+  return this->read_locked_(buf, len);
+}
+
 ssize_t LWIPRawImpl::readv(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt) {
+  // See waiting_for_data_() for safety of unlocked reads.
+  if (this->recv_timeout_cs_ > 0 && this->waiting_for_data_()) {
+    this->wait_for_data_();
+  }
+
   LWIP_LOCK();  // Hold for entire scatter-gather operation
   ssize_t ret = 0;
   for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
-    ssize_t err = this->read(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base), iov[i].iov_len);
+    ssize_t err = this->read_locked_(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base), iov[i].iov_len);
     if (err == -1) {
       if (ret != 0) {
         // if we already read some don't return an error
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.h b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.h
index 95931afcf3..3c27d71062 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.h
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.h
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ class LWIPRawCommon {
   // instead use it for determining whether to call lwip_output
   bool nodelay_ = false;
   sa_family_t family_ = 0;
+  uint8_t recv_timeout_cs_ = 0;  // SO_RCVTIMEO in centiseconds (0 = no timeout, max 2.55s)
 };
 
 /// Connected socket implementation for LWIP raw TCP.
@@ -107,11 +108,8 @@ class LWIPRawImpl : public LWIPRawCommon {
       errno = ECONNRESET;
       return -1;
     }
-    if (blocking) {
-      // blocking operation not supported
-      errno = EINVAL;
-      return -1;
-    }
+    // Raw TCP doesn't use a blocking flag directly. Blocking behavior
+    // is provided by SO_RCVTIMEO which makes read() wait via socket_delay().
     return 0;
   }
   int loop() { return 0; }
@@ -122,6 +120,14 @@ class LWIPRawImpl : public LWIPRawCommon {
   static err_t s_recv_fn(void *arg, struct tcp_pcb *pcb, struct pbuf *pb, err_t err);
 
  protected:
+  // True when the socket could receive data but none has arrived yet.
+  // Safe to call without LWIP_LOCK — only null-checks pointers and reads a bool,
+  // all atomic on ARM/Xtensa. A stale value is harmless: the caller either does
+  // an unnecessary wait (stale true) or skips it (stale false), and the
+  // authoritative recheck happens under LWIP_LOCK afterward.
+  bool waiting_for_data_() const { return this->rx_buf_ == nullptr && !this->rx_closed_ && this->pcb_ != nullptr; }
+  void wait_for_data_();
+  ssize_t read_locked_(void *buf, size_t len);
   ssize_t internal_write_(const void *buf, size_t len);
   int internal_output_();
 

From 2ba807efe85c5e1216f793b2b1354576d38a49bc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 12 Mar 2026 07:16:08 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 555/609] [adc] Fix PICO_VSYS_PIN compile error on RP2350
 boards (#14724)

---
 esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_rp2040.cpp      |  7 +++++++
 tests/components/adc/test.rp2040-pico2-ard.yaml   | 11 +++++++++++
 tests/components/spi/test.rp2040-pico2-ard.yaml   |  6 ++++++
 .../build_components_base.rp2040-pico2-ard.yaml   | 15 +++++++++++++++
 .../common/spi/rp2040-pico2-ard.yaml              | 12 ++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 51 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tests/components/adc/test.rp2040-pico2-ard.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/components/spi/test.rp2040-pico2-ard.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/test_build_components/build_components_base.rp2040-pico2-ard.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/test_build_components/common/spi/rp2040-pico2-ard.yaml

diff --git a/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_rp2040.cpp b/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_rp2040.cpp
index 8496e0f41e..a79707e234 100644
--- a/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_rp2040.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_rp2040.cpp
@@ -8,6 +8,13 @@
 #endif  // CYW43_USES_VSYS_PIN
 #include <hardware/adc.h>
 
+// PICO_VSYS_PIN is defined in pico-sdk board headers (e.g. boards/pico2.h),
+// but the Arduino framework's config_autogen.h includes a generic board header
+// that doesn't define it. Provide the standard value (pin 29) as a fallback.
+#ifndef PICO_VSYS_PIN
+#define PICO_VSYS_PIN 29  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-macro-usage)
+#endif
+
 namespace esphome {
 namespace adc {
 
diff --git a/tests/components/adc/test.rp2040-pico2-ard.yaml b/tests/components/adc/test.rp2040-pico2-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4cc865bb5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/adc/test.rp2040-pico2-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+sensor:
+  - id: my_sensor
+    platform: adc
+    pin: VCC
+    name: ADC Test sensor
+    update_interval: "1:01"
+    unit_of_measurement: "°C"
+    icon: "mdi:water-percent"
+    accuracy_decimals: 5
+    setup_priority: -100
+    force_update: true
diff --git a/tests/components/spi/test.rp2040-pico2-ard.yaml b/tests/components/spi/test.rp2040-pico2-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..81a8acafd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/spi/test.rp2040-pico2-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+substitutions:
+  clk_pin: GPIO2
+  mosi_pin: GPIO3
+  miso_pin: GPIO4
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/test_build_components/build_components_base.rp2040-pico2-ard.yaml b/tests/test_build_components/build_components_base.rp2040-pico2-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0922a5238e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_build_components/build_components_base.rp2040-pico2-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+esphome:
+  name: componenttestrp2040pico2ard
+  friendly_name: $component_name
+
+rp2040:
+  board: rpipico2
+
+logger:
+  level: VERY_VERBOSE
+
+packages:
+  component_under_test: !include
+    file: $component_test_file
+    vars:
+      component_test_file: $component_test_file
diff --git a/tests/test_build_components/common/spi/rp2040-pico2-ard.yaml b/tests/test_build_components/common/spi/rp2040-pico2-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..205beb6e1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_build_components/common/spi/rp2040-pico2-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Common SPI configuration for RP2040 Pico 2 (RP2350) Arduino tests
+
+substitutions:
+  clk_pin: GPIO18
+  mosi_pin: GPIO19
+  miso_pin: GPIO16
+
+spi:
+  - id: spi_bus
+    clk_pin: ${clk_pin}
+    mosi_pin: ${mosi_pin}
+    miso_pin: ${miso_pin}

From cb4d1d1b5e2f6a354b4b873e444386a4fd4b2924 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 12 Mar 2026 07:16:23 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 556/609] [api] Fix undefined behavior in noise handshake with
 empty rx buffer (#14722)

---
 esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp | 11 +++++++----
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp
index 3e6ecf9dc3..f945253c89 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp
@@ -258,10 +258,13 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::state_action_() {
     // ignore contents, may be used in future for flags
     // Resize for: existing prologue + 2 size bytes + frame data
     size_t old_size = this->prologue_.size();
-    this->prologue_.resize(old_size + 2 + this->rx_buf_.size());
-    this->prologue_[old_size] = (uint8_t) (this->rx_buf_.size() >> 8);
-    this->prologue_[old_size + 1] = (uint8_t) this->rx_buf_.size();
-    std::memcpy(this->prologue_.data() + old_size + 2, this->rx_buf_.data(), this->rx_buf_.size());
+    size_t rx_size = this->rx_buf_.size();
+    this->prologue_.resize(old_size + 2 + rx_size);
+    this->prologue_[old_size] = (uint8_t) (rx_size >> 8);
+    this->prologue_[old_size + 1] = (uint8_t) rx_size;
+    if (rx_size > 0) {
+      std::memcpy(this->prologue_.data() + old_size + 2, this->rx_buf_.data(), rx_size);
+    }
 
     state_ = State::SERVER_HELLO;
   }

From 23c7e0f8030d5caa5b07a9447293114639e89472 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 12 Mar 2026 07:16:38 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 557/609] [uart] Allow hardware UART with single pin on RP2040
 (#14725)

---
 .../components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.cpp | 37 +++++++++++++++----
 tests/components/uart/test.rp2040-ard.yaml    |  3 ++
 2 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.cpp b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.cpp
index 858f1a02dd..6f6f1fb96b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.cpp
@@ -105,15 +105,34 @@ void RP2040UartComponent::setup() {
     }
   }
 
+  // Determine which hardware UART to use. A pin that is not specified
+  // should not prevent hardware UART selection — one-way UART is valid.
+  // When both pins are configured, both must be HW-capable and agree on UART number.
+  // When only one pin is configured (nullptr other), use that pin's HW UART.
+  // If a pin is configured but not HW-capable (inverted/invalid), fall back to SerialPIO.
+  int8_t hw_uart = -1;
+  const bool tx_configured = (this->tx_pin_ != nullptr);
+  const bool rx_configured = (this->rx_pin_ != nullptr);
+
+  if (tx_configured && rx_configured) {
+    // Both pins configured — both must map to the same hardware UART
+    if (tx_hw != -1 && rx_hw != -1 && tx_hw == rx_hw) {
+      hw_uart = tx_hw;
+    }
+  } else if (tx_configured) {
+    hw_uart = tx_hw;
+  } else if (rx_configured) {
+    hw_uart = rx_hw;
+  }
+
 #ifdef USE_LOGGER
-  if (tx_hw == rx_hw && logger::global_logger->get_uart() == tx_hw) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Using SerialPIO as UART%d is taken by the logger", tx_hw);
-    tx_hw = -1;
-    rx_hw = -1;
+  if (hw_uart != -1 && logger::global_logger->get_uart() == hw_uart) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Using SerialPIO as UART%d is taken by the logger", hw_uart);
+    hw_uart = -1;
   }
 #endif
 
-  if (tx_hw == -1 || rx_hw == -1 || tx_hw != rx_hw) {
+  if (hw_uart == -1) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Using SerialPIO");
     pin_size_t tx = this->tx_pin_ == nullptr ? NOPIN : this->tx_pin_->get_pin();
     pin_size_t rx = this->rx_pin_ == nullptr ? NOPIN : this->rx_pin_->get_pin();
@@ -127,13 +146,15 @@ void RP2040UartComponent::setup() {
   } else {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Using Hardware Serial");
     SerialUART *serial;
-    if (tx_hw == 0) {
+    if (hw_uart == 0) {
       serial = &Serial1;
     } else {
       serial = &Serial2;
     }
-    serial->setTX(this->tx_pin_->get_pin());
-    serial->setRX(this->rx_pin_->get_pin());
+    if (this->tx_pin_ != nullptr)
+      serial->setTX(this->tx_pin_->get_pin());
+    if (this->rx_pin_ != nullptr)
+      serial->setRX(this->rx_pin_->get_pin());
     serial->setFIFOSize(this->rx_buffer_size_);
     serial->begin(this->baud_rate_, config);
     this->serial_ = serial;
diff --git a/tests/components/uart/test.rp2040-ard.yaml b/tests/components/uart/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
index 5eb2b533ea..1d5f91c6a7 100644
--- a/tests/components/uart/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/uart/test.rp2040-ard.yaml
@@ -23,3 +23,6 @@ uart:
     baud_rate: 115200
     debug:
       debug_prefix: "[UART1] "
+  - id: uart_rx_only
+    rx_pin: 17
+    baud_rate: 1200

From 14c3e2d9d948837a35aff984646bf55a9a225b33 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 12 Mar 2026 07:16:53 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 558/609] [api] Fix heap-buffer-overflow in protobuf message
 dump for StringRef (#14721)

---
 esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp | 2 +-
 script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py     | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp
index 740bf2e47f..5a53f0281f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ namespace esphome::api {
 static inline void append_quoted_string(DumpBuffer &out, const StringRef &ref) {
   out.append("'");
   if (!ref.empty()) {
-    out.append(ref.c_str());
+    out.append(ref.c_str(), ref.size());
   }
   out.append("'");
 }
diff --git a/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py b/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
index b4044c362c..dff6c7690a 100755
--- a/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
+++ b/script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
@@ -642,7 +642,7 @@ class StringType(TypeInfo):
         # For SOURCE_BOTH, check if StringRef is set (sending) or use string (received)
         return (
             f"if (!this->{self.field_name}_ref_.empty()) {{"
-            f'  out.append("\'").append(this->{self.field_name}_ref_.c_str()).append("\'");'
+            f'  out.append("\'").append(this->{self.field_name}_ref_.c_str(), this->{self.field_name}_ref_.size()).append("\'");'
             f"}} else {{"
             f'  out.append("\'").append(this->{self.field_name}).append("\'");'
             f"}}"
@@ -2705,7 +2705,7 @@ namespace esphome::api {
 static inline void append_quoted_string(DumpBuffer &out, const StringRef &ref) {
   out.append("'");
   if (!ref.empty()) {
-    out.append(ref.c_str());
+    out.append(ref.c_str(), ref.size());
   }
   out.append("'");
 }

From 390bb0451ffd06cb4e2d88674c9af76bb88c25f0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Brian Kaufman <bkaufx@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Mar 2026 16:23:29 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 559/609] [OTA] Stage exact uploaded size for ESP8266 web OTA
 (gzip fix) (#14741)

---
 esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp8266.cpp | 7 +++++--
 esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp8266.h   | 1 +
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp8266.cpp b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp8266.cpp
index 1f9a77e426..93e6249fb3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp8266.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp8266.cpp
@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@ OTAResponseTypes ESP8266OTABackend::begin(size_t image_size) {
 
   this->current_address_ = this->start_address_;
   this->image_size_ = image_size;
+  this->bytes_received_ = 0;
   this->buffer_len_ = 0;
   this->md5_set_ = false;
 
@@ -140,6 +141,7 @@ OTAResponseTypes ESP8266OTABackend::write(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
     size_t to_buffer = std::min(len - written, this->buffer_size_ - this->buffer_len_);
     memcpy(this->buffer_.get() + this->buffer_len_, data + written, to_buffer);
     this->buffer_len_ += to_buffer;
+    this->bytes_received_ += to_buffer;
     written += to_buffer;
 
     // If buffer is full, write to flash
@@ -252,8 +254,8 @@ OTAResponseTypes ESP8266OTABackend::end() {
     }
   }
 
-  // Calculate actual bytes written
-  size_t actual_size = this->current_address_ - this->start_address_;
+  // Calculate actual bytes written (exact uploaded size, excluding flash write padding)
+  size_t actual_size = this->bytes_received_;
 
   // Check if any data was written
   if (actual_size == 0) {
@@ -304,6 +306,7 @@ void ESP8266OTABackend::abort() {
   this->buffer_.reset();
   this->buffer_len_ = 0;
   this->image_size_ = 0;
+  this->bytes_received_ = 0;
   esp8266::preferences_prevent_write(false);
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp8266.h b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp8266.h
index 6213289acc..b364e216a3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp8266.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend_esp8266.h
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ class ESP8266OTABackend final {
   uint32_t start_address_{0};
   uint32_t current_address_{0};
   size_t image_size_{0};
+  size_t bytes_received_{0};
 
   md5::MD5Digest md5_{};
   uint8_t expected_md5_[16];  // Fixed-size buffer for 128-bit (16-byte) MD5 digest

From 93be53978925e7eb76035a7ca0356282bea7ae21 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 12 Mar 2026 13:28:25 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 560/609] [light] Fix ambiguous set_effect overload for const
 char* (#14732)

---
 .../addressable_light/addressable_light_display.h           | 2 +-
 esphome/components/light/light_call.cpp                     | 2 +-
 esphome/components/light/light_call.h                       | 2 ++
 tests/components/light/common.yaml                          | 6 ++++++
 4 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/addressable_light/addressable_light_display.h b/esphome/components/addressable_light/addressable_light_display.h
index 53f8604b7d..d9b8680547 100644
--- a/esphome/components/addressable_light/addressable_light_display.h
+++ b/esphome/components/addressable_light/addressable_light_display.h
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class AddressableLightDisplay : public display::DisplayBuffer {
         // - Save the current effect index.
         this->last_effect_index_ = light_state_->get_current_effect_index();
         // - Disable any current effect.
-        light_state_->make_call().set_effect(0).perform();
+        light_state_->make_call().set_effect(uint32_t{0}).perform();
       }
     }
     enabled_ = enabled;
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/light_call.cpp b/esphome/components/light/light_call.cpp
index 14cd0e92f6..cd45994f62 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/light_call.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/light/light_call.cpp
@@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ color_mode_bitmask_t LightCall::get_suitable_color_modes_mask_() {
 
 LightCall &LightCall::set_effect(const char *effect, size_t len) {
   if (len == 4 && strncasecmp(effect, "none", 4) == 0) {
-    this->set_effect(0);
+    this->set_effect(uint32_t{0});
     return *this;
   }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/light_call.h b/esphome/components/light/light_call.h
index 0926ab6108..0eb1785239 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/light_call.h
+++ b/esphome/components/light/light_call.h
@@ -130,6 +130,8 @@ class LightCall {
   LightCall &set_effect(optional<std::string> effect);
   /// Set the effect of the light by its name.
   LightCall &set_effect(const std::string &effect) { return this->set_effect(effect.data(), effect.size()); }
+  /// Set the effect of the light by its name (const char * overload to resolve ambiguity).
+  LightCall &set_effect(const char *effect) { return this->set_effect(effect, strlen(effect)); }
   /// Set the effect of the light by its name and length (zero-copy from API).
   LightCall &set_effect(const char *effect, size_t len);
   /// Set the effect of the light by its internal index number (only for internal use).
diff --git a/tests/components/light/common.yaml b/tests/components/light/common.yaml
index e5fab62a79..e1216e7b60 100644
--- a/tests/components/light/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/light/common.yaml
@@ -60,6 +60,12 @@ esphome:
             }
           }
 
+      # Test set_effect with const char* doesn't cause ambiguous overload (issue #14728)
+      - lambda: |-
+          auto call = id(test_monochromatic_light).turn_on();
+          call.set_effect("None");
+          call.perform();
+
       - light.toggle: test_binary_light
       - light.turn_off: test_rgb_light
       - light.turn_on:

From 0b99e8f08d0cca47ccc49e93f0e063b7315cd80b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 12 Mar 2026 14:47:16 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 561/609] [rp2040] Use full flash for sketch in testing mode
 (#14747)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py | 7 ++++++-
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py b/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py
index 276187b273..71e5f1488c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py
@@ -203,7 +203,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
             cg.add_build_flag(f"-Wl,--wrap={symbol}")
 
     cg.add_platformio_option("board_build.core", "earlephilhower")
-    cg.add_platformio_option("board_build.filesystem_size", "1m")
+    # In testing mode, use all flash for sketch to allow linking grouped component tests.
+    # Real RP2040 hardware uses 1MB filesystem + 1MB sketch, but CI tests may combine
+    # many components that exceed the 1MB sketch partition.
+    cg.add_platformio_option(
+        "board_build.filesystem_size", "0m" if CORE.testing_mode else "1m"
+    )
 
     ver: cv.Version = CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION]
     cg.add_define(

From 910784ca841d1a117285df0eb8ba408fe6798b44 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 12 Mar 2026 14:48:06 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 562/609] [debug] Fix missing reset reason for RP2040/RP2350
 (#14740)

---
 esphome/components/debug/debug_rp2040.cpp | 64 +++++++++++++++++++++--
 esphome/core/helpers.h                    | 22 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 83 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/debug/debug_rp2040.cpp b/esphome/components/debug/debug_rp2040.cpp
index c9d41942db..8dc84a2673 100644
--- a/esphome/components/debug/debug_rp2040.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/debug/debug_rp2040.cpp
@@ -1,23 +1,81 @@
 #include "debug_component.h"
 #ifdef USE_RP2040
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include <Arduino.h>
+#include <hardware/watchdog.h>
+#if defined(PICO_RP2350)
+#include <hardware/structs/powman.h>
+#else
+#include <hardware/structs/vreg_and_chip_reset.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_RP2040_CRASH_HANDLER
+#include "esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.h"
+#endif
 namespace esphome {
 namespace debug {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "debug";
 
-const char *DebugComponent::get_reset_reason_(std::span<char, RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer) { return ""; }
+const char *DebugComponent::get_reset_reason_(std::span<char, RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer) {
+  char *buf = buffer.data();
+  const size_t size = RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE;
+  size_t pos = 0;
+
+#if defined(PICO_RP2350)
+  uint32_t chip_reset = powman_hw->chip_reset;
+  if (chip_reset & 0x04000000)  // HAD_GLITCH_DETECT
+    pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "Power supply glitch|");
+  if (chip_reset & 0x00040000)  // HAD_RUN_LOW
+    pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "RUN pin|");
+  if (chip_reset & 0x00020000)  // HAD_BOR
+    pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "Brown-out|");
+  if (chip_reset & 0x00010000)  // HAD_POR
+    pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "Power-on reset|");
+#else
+  uint32_t chip_reset = vreg_and_chip_reset_hw->chip_reset;
+  if (chip_reset & 0x00010000)  // HAD_RUN
+    pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "RUN pin|");
+  if (chip_reset & 0x00000100)  // HAD_POR
+    pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "Power-on reset|");
+#endif
+
+  if (watchdog_caused_reboot()) {
+    bool handled = false;
+#ifdef USE_RP2040_CRASH_HANDLER
+    if (rp2040::crash_handler_has_data()) {
+      pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "Crash (HardFault)|");
+      handled = true;
+    }
+#endif
+    if (!handled) {
+      if (watchdog_enable_caused_reboot()) {
+        pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "Watchdog timeout|");
+      } else {
+        pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "Software reset|");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Remove trailing '|'
+  if (pos > 0 && buf[pos - 1] == '|') {
+    buf[pos - 1] = '\0';
+  } else if (pos == 0) {
+    return "Unknown";
+  }
+
+  return buf;
+}
 
 const char *DebugComponent::get_wakeup_cause_(std::span<char, RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer) { return ""; }
 
-uint32_t DebugComponent::get_free_heap_() { return rp2040.getFreeHeap(); }
+uint32_t DebugComponent::get_free_heap_() { return ::rp2040.getFreeHeap(); }
 
 size_t DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::span<char, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer, size_t pos) {
   constexpr size_t size = DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE;
   char *buf = buffer.data();
 
-  uint32_t cpu_freq = rp2040.f_cpu();
+  uint32_t cpu_freq = ::rp2040.f_cpu();
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "CPU Frequency: %" PRIu32, cpu_freq);
   pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|CPU Frequency: %" PRIu32, cpu_freq);
 
diff --git a/esphome/core/helpers.h b/esphome/core/helpers.h
index 70ac1574f0..b2517e2d7a 100644
--- a/esphome/core/helpers.h
+++ b/esphome/core/helpers.h
@@ -942,6 +942,28 @@ __attribute__((format(printf, 4, 5))) inline size_t buf_append_printf(char *buf,
 }
 #endif
 
+/// Safely append a string to buffer without format parsing, returning new position (capped at size).
+/// More efficient than buf_append_printf for plain string literals.
+/// @param buf Output buffer
+/// @param size Total buffer size
+/// @param pos Current position in buffer
+/// @param str String to append (must not be null)
+/// @return New position after appending (capped at size on overflow)
+inline size_t buf_append_str(char *buf, size_t size, size_t pos, const char *str) {
+  if (pos >= size) {
+    return size;
+  }
+  size_t remaining = size - pos - 1;  // reserve space for null terminator
+  size_t len = strlen(str);
+  if (len > remaining) {
+    len = remaining;
+  }
+  memcpy(buf + pos, str, len);
+  pos += len;
+  buf[pos] = '\0';
+  return pos;
+}
+
 /// Concatenate a name with a separator and suffix using an efficient stack-based approach.
 /// This avoids multiple heap allocations during string construction.
 /// Maximum name length supported is 120 characters for friendly names.

From c263c2c382292eb33bec5ed560620964b6a25c34 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 12 Mar 2026 14:48:29 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 563/609] [captive_portal] Fix captive portal inaccessible when
 web_server auth is configured (#14734)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_portal.cpp   | 4 ++--
 esphome/components/web_server_base/web_server_base.cpp | 4 ++++
 esphome/components/web_server_base/web_server_base.h   | 8 ++++++++
 3 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_portal.cpp b/esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_portal.cpp
index 5af6ab29a2..183f16c5f8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_portal.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_portal.cpp
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ void CaptivePortal::handle_wifisave(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
   // Defer save to main loop thread to avoid NVS operations from HTTP thread
   this->defer([ssid, psk]() { wifi::global_wifi_component->save_wifi_sta(ssid.c_str(), psk.c_str()); });
 #endif
-  request->redirect(ESPHOME_F("/?save"));
+  request->send(200, ESPHOME_F("text/plain"), ESPHOME_F("Saved. Connecting..."));
 }
 
 void CaptivePortal::setup() {
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ void CaptivePortal::setup() {
 void CaptivePortal::start() {
   this->base_->init();
   if (!this->initialized_) {
-    this->base_->add_handler(this);
+    this->base_->add_handler_without_auth(this);
   }
 
   network::IPAddress ip = wifi::global_wifi_component->wifi_soft_ap_ip();
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server_base/web_server_base.cpp b/esphome/components/web_server_base/web_server_base.cpp
index dbbcd10d8d..3e1baf34ba 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server_base/web_server_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server_base/web_server_base.cpp
@@ -11,6 +11,10 @@ void WebServerBase::add_handler(AsyncWebHandler *handler) {
     handler = new internal::AuthMiddlewareHandler(handler, &credentials_);
   }
 #endif
+  this->add_handler_without_auth(handler);
+}
+
+void WebServerBase::add_handler_without_auth(AsyncWebHandler *handler) {
   this->handlers_.push_back(handler);
   if (this->server_ != nullptr) {
     this->server_->addHandler(handler);
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server_base/web_server_base.h b/esphome/components/web_server_base/web_server_base.h
index 54421c851e..48e13ad71e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server_base/web_server_base.h
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server_base/web_server_base.h
@@ -122,6 +122,14 @@ class WebServerBase {
 #endif
 
   void add_handler(AsyncWebHandler *handler);
+  /**
+   * WARNING: Registers a handler that bypasses the USE_WEBSERVER_AUTH middleware.
+   *
+   * This should only be used for endpoints that are intentionally unauthenticated
+   * (for example, captive portal or very limited-status endpoints). For normal
+   * endpoints that should respect web server authentication, use add_handler().
+   */
+  void add_handler_without_auth(AsyncWebHandler *handler);
 
   void set_port(uint16_t port) { port_ = port; }
   uint16_t get_port() const { return port_; }

From dc5032f72fa5571eebb2381c208f9b4deb33f93d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 12 Mar 2026 14:48:41 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 564/609] [water_heater] Set OPERATION_MODE feature flag when
 modes are configured (#14748)

---
 .../template/water_heater/template_water_heater.cpp         | 1 +
 tests/integration/test_water_heater_template.py             | 6 +++++-
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/template/water_heater/template_water_heater.cpp b/esphome/components/template/water_heater/template_water_heater.cpp
index 73081d204b..092df6fdca 100644
--- a/esphome/components/template/water_heater/template_water_heater.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/template/water_heater/template_water_heater.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ water_heater::WaterHeaterTraits TemplateWaterHeater::traits() {
 
   if (!this->supported_modes_.empty()) {
     traits.set_supported_modes(this->supported_modes_);
+    traits.add_feature_flags(water_heater::WATER_HEATER_SUPPORTS_OPERATION_MODE);
   }
 
   traits.set_supports_current_temperature(true);
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_water_heater_template.py b/tests/integration/test_water_heater_template.py
index 096d4c8461..d63d1d6984 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_water_heater_template.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_water_heater_template.py
@@ -102,7 +102,11 @@ async def test_water_heater_template(
             f"Expected target temp 60.0, got {initial_state.target_temperature}"
         )
 
-        # Verify supported features: away mode and on/off (fixture has away + is_on lambdas)
+        # Verify supported features: operation mode, away mode, and on/off
+        assert (
+            test_water_heater.supported_features
+            & WaterHeaterFeature.SUPPORTS_OPERATION_MODE
+        ) != 0, "Expected SUPPORTS_OPERATION_MODE in supported_features"
         assert (
             test_water_heater.supported_features & WaterHeaterFeature.SUPPORTS_AWAY_MODE
         ) != 0, "Expected SUPPORTS_AWAY_MODE in supported_features"

From aacbaab5f800e26c7f614ec641f061dfcda4ce77 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 12 Mar 2026 14:48:55 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 565/609] [wifi] Reject EAP/WPA2 Enterprise config on
 unsupported platforms (#14746)

---
 esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py b/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
index 2808d31311..480ccd65c5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
@@ -166,6 +166,7 @@ TTLS_PHASE_2 = {
 }
 
 EAP_AUTH_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    cv.only_on([Platform.ESP32, Platform.ESP8266]),
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.Optional(CONF_IDENTITY): cv.string_strict,

From b0447dc52165abf25b18281bb0e5277e50ba896a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 12 Mar 2026 14:49:07 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 566/609] [light] Fix binary light spamming 'brightness not
 supported' warning with strobe effect (#14735)

---
 esphome/components/light/light_call.cpp | 9 ++++++++-
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/light/light_call.cpp b/esphome/components/light/light_call.cpp
index cd45994f62..0b2d391fd6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/light_call.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/light/light_call.cpp
@@ -214,7 +214,14 @@ LightColorValues LightCall::validate_() {
   if (this->has_brightness() && this->brightness_ == 0.0f) {
     this->state_ = false;
     this->set_flag_(FLAG_HAS_STATE);
-    this->brightness_ = 1.0f;
+    if (color_mode & ColorCapability::BRIGHTNESS) {
+      // Reset brightness so the light has nonzero brightness when turned back on.
+      this->brightness_ = 1.0f;
+    } else {
+      // Light doesn't support brightness; clear the flag to avoid a spurious
+      // "brightness not supported" warning during capability validation.
+      this->clear_flag_(FLAG_HAS_BRIGHTNESS);
+    }
   }
 
   // Set color brightness to 100% if currently zero and a color is set.

From 039efdb02a765f554e33f0d2c897cd69fa9fd581 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 12 Mar 2026 14:53:46 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 567/609] [i2c] Fix RP2040 I2C bus selection based on pin
 assignment (#14745)

---
 esphome/components/i2c/__init__.py         | 37 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_arduino.cpp | 10 +++---
 2 files changed, 43 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/i2c/__init__.py b/esphome/components/i2c/__init__.py
index de3f2be674..1684f479ba 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2c/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/i2c/__init__.py
@@ -93,11 +93,31 @@ def _bus_declare_type(value):
     raise NotImplementedError
 
 
+def _rp2040_i2c_controller(pin):
+    """Return the I2C controller number (0 or 1) for a given RP2040/RP2350 GPIO pin.
+
+    See RP2040 datasheet Table 2 (section 1.4.3, "GPIO Functions"):
+    https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/rp2040/rp2040-datasheet.pdf
+    See RP2350 datasheet Table 7 (section 9.4, "Function Select"):
+    https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/rp2350/rp2350-datasheet.pdf
+    """
+    return (pin // 2) % 2
+
+
 def validate_config(config):
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         return cv.require_framework_version(
             esp_idf=cv.Version(5, 4, 2), esp32_arduino=cv.Version(3, 2, 1)
         )(config)
+    if CORE.is_rp2040:
+        sda_controller = _rp2040_i2c_controller(config[CONF_SDA])
+        scl_controller = _rp2040_i2c_controller(config[CONF_SCL])
+        if sda_controller != scl_controller:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"SDA pin GPIO{config[CONF_SDA]} is on I2C{sda_controller} but "
+                f"SCL pin GPIO{config[CONF_SCL]} is on I2C{scl_controller}. "
+                f"Both pins must be on the same I2C controller."
+            )
     return config
 
 
@@ -146,6 +166,23 @@ def _final_validate(config):
     full_config = fv.full_config.get()[CONF_I2C]
     if CORE.using_zephyr and len(full_config) > 1:
         raise cv.Invalid("Second i2c is not implemented on Zephyr yet")
+    if CORE.is_rp2040:
+        if len(full_config) > 2:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                "The maximum number of I2C interfaces for RP2040/RP2350 is 2"
+            )
+        if len(full_config) > 1:
+            controllers = [
+                _rp2040_i2c_controller(conf[CONF_SDA]) for conf in full_config
+            ]
+            if len(set(controllers)) != len(controllers):
+                raise cv.Invalid(
+                    "Multiple I2C buses are configured to use the same I2C controller. "
+                    "Each bus must use pins on a different controller. "
+                    "The I2C controller is determined by (gpio / 2) % 2: "
+                    "even pin pairs (0-1, 4-5, 8-9, ...) use I2C0, "
+                    "odd pin pairs (2-3, 6-7, 10-11, ...) use I2C1."
+                )
     if CORE.is_esp32 and get_esp32_variant() in ESP32_I2C_CAPABILITIES:
         variant = get_esp32_variant()
         max_num = ESP32_I2C_CAPABILITIES[variant]["NUM"]
diff --git a/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_arduino.cpp b/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_arduino.cpp
index 5120eb4c00..47a06abe9e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_arduino.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_arduino.cpp
@@ -20,12 +20,14 @@ void ArduinoI2CBus::setup() {
 #if defined(USE_ESP8266)
   wire_ = new TwoWire();  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
 #elif defined(USE_RP2040)
-  static bool first = true;
-  if (first) {
+  // Select Wire instance based on pin assignment, not definition order.
+  // I2C controller = (gpio / 2) % 2: even pairs (0-1,4-5,...) → I2C0, odd pairs (2-3,6-7,...) → I2C1
+  // RP2040 datasheet Table 2 (section 1.4.3): https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/rp2040/rp2040-datasheet.pdf
+  // RP2350 datasheet Table 7 (section 9.4): https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/rp2350/rp2350-datasheet.pdf
+  if ((this->sda_pin_ / 2) % 2 == 0) {
     wire_ = &Wire;
-    first = false;
   } else {
-    wire_ = &Wire1;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+    wire_ = &Wire1;
   }
 #endif
 

From 1ab1534028ef2052825e09301f26bb3e02f45d82 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 12 Mar 2026 15:12:22 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 568/609] [mdns] Fix RP2040 mDNS not restarting after WiFi
 reconnect (#14737)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/mdns/mdns_component.h   |  4 +++
 esphome/components/mdns/mdns_rp2040.cpp    | 32 ++++++++++++++++++----
 esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py        |  7 -----
 esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp | 14 ----------
 esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h   |  4 ---
 5 files changed, 30 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_component.h b/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_component.h
index 13c8ccf288..47cad4bf71 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_component.h
@@ -129,6 +129,10 @@ class MDNSComponent final : public Component {
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_MDNS_STORE_SERVICES
   StaticVector<MDNSService, MDNS_SERVICE_COUNT> services_{};
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_RP2040
+  bool was_connected_{false};
+  bool initialized_{false};
 #endif
   void compile_records_(StaticVector<MDNSService, MDNS_SERVICE_COUNT> &services, char *mac_address_buf);
 };
diff --git a/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_rp2040.cpp b/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_rp2040.cpp
index 05d991c1fa..c0b22aa84f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_rp2040.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_rp2040.cpp
@@ -36,12 +36,32 @@ static void register_rp2040(MDNSComponent *, StaticVector<MDNSService, MDNS_SERV
 }
 
 void MDNSComponent::setup() {
-  this->setup_buffers_and_register_(register_rp2040);
-  // Schedule MDNS.update() via set_interval() instead of overriding loop().
-  // This removes the component from the per-iteration loop list entirely,
-  // eliminating virtual dispatch overhead on every main loop cycle.
-  // See MDNS_UPDATE_INTERVAL_MS comment in mdns_component.h for safety analysis.
-  this->set_interval(MDNS_UPDATE_INTERVAL_MS, []() { MDNS.update(); });
+  // RP2040's LEAmDNS library registers a LwipIntf::stateUpCB() callback to restart
+  // mDNS when the network interface reconnects. However, stateUpCB() is stubbed out
+  // in arduino-pico's LwipIntfCB.cpp because the original ESP8266 implementation used
+  // schedule_function() which doesn't exist in arduino-pico, and the callback can't
+  // safely run directly since netif status callbacks fire from IRQ context
+  // (PICO_CYW43_ARCH_THREADSAFE_BACKGROUND) while _restart() allocates UDP sockets.
+  //
+  // Workaround: defer MDNS.begin() and service registration until the network is
+  // connected (has an IP), then call notifyAPChange() on subsequent reconnects to
+  // restart mDNS probing and announcing — all from main loop context so it's
+  // thread-safe.
+  this->set_interval(MDNS_UPDATE_INTERVAL_MS, [this]() {
+    bool connected = network::is_connected();
+    if (connected && !this->was_connected_) {
+      if (!this->initialized_) {
+        this->setup_buffers_and_register_(register_rp2040);
+        this->initialized_ = true;
+      } else {
+        MDNS.notifyAPChange();
+      }
+    }
+    this->was_connected_ = connected;
+    if (this->initialized_) {
+      MDNS.update();
+    }
+  });
 }
 
 void MDNSComponent::on_shutdown() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py b/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
index 480ccd65c5..9f73b1cc6f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
@@ -563,13 +563,6 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add_library("ESP8266WiFi", None)
     elif CORE.is_rp2040:
         cg.add_library("WiFi", None)
-        # RP2040's mDNS library (LEAmDNS) relies on LwipIntf::stateUpCB() to restart
-        # mDNS when the network interface reconnects. However, this callback is disabled
-        # in the arduino-pico framework. As a workaround, we block component setup until
-        # WiFi is connected via can_proceed(), ensuring mDNS.begin() is called with an
-        # active connection. This define enables the loop priority sorting infrastructure
-        # used during the setup blocking phase.
-        cg.add_define("USE_LOOP_PRIORITY")
 
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         if config[CONF_ENABLE_BTM] or config[CONF_ENABLE_RRM]:
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
index 60764955cc..09f883ed61 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
@@ -2109,20 +2109,6 @@ void WiFiComponent::retry_connect() {
   }
 }
 
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
-// RP2040's mDNS library (LEAmDNS) relies on LwipIntf::stateUpCB() to restart
-// mDNS when the network interface reconnects. However, this callback is disabled
-// in the arduino-pico framework. As a workaround, we block component setup until
-// WiFi is connected, ensuring mDNS.begin() is called with an active connection.
-
-bool WiFiComponent::can_proceed() {
-  if (!this->has_sta() || this->state_ == WIFI_COMPONENT_STATE_DISABLED || this->ap_setup_) {
-    return true;
-  }
-  return this->is_connected_();
-}
-#endif
-
 void WiFiComponent::set_reboot_timeout(uint32_t reboot_timeout) { this->reboot_timeout_ = reboot_timeout; }
 bool WiFiComponent::is_connected_() const {
   return this->state_ == WIFI_COMPONENT_STATE_STA_CONNECTED &&
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
index f340b708c9..883cc1344b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
@@ -437,10 +437,6 @@ class WiFiComponent : public Component {
 
   void retry_connect();
 
-#ifdef USE_RP2040
-  bool can_proceed() override;
-#endif
-
   void set_reboot_timeout(uint32_t reboot_timeout);
 
   bool is_connected() const { return this->connected_; }

From 45e40223ac3a32fdca7a535f35da73b6d866f29b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Thu, 12 Mar 2026 15:37:46 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 569/609] [rp2040] Fix compiler warnings in crash_handler and
 mdns (#14739)

---
 esphome/components/mdns/mdns_rp2040.cpp     | 5 +++++
 esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.cpp | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_rp2040.cpp b/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_rp2040.cpp
index c0b22aa84f..88f707afd3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_rp2040.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mdns/mdns_rp2040.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,12 @@
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "mdns_component.h"
 
+// Arduino-Pico's PolledTimeout.h (pulled in by ESP8266mDNS.h) redefines IRAM_ATTR to empty.
+// Save and restore our definition around the include to avoid a redefinition warning.
+#pragma push_macro("IRAM_ATTR")
+#undef IRAM_ATTR
 #include <ESP8266mDNS.h>
+#pragma pop_macro("IRAM_ATTR")
 
 namespace esphome::mdns {
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.cpp b/esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.cpp
index 1f579c2d18..f9eb42a0f8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/crash_handler.cpp
@@ -57,14 +57,14 @@ static const char *const TAG = "rp2040.crash";
 
 // Placed in .noinit so BSS zero-init cannot race with crash_handler_read_and_clear().
 // The valid field is explicitly cleared in crash_handler_read_and_clear() instead.
-static struct {
+static struct CrashData {
   bool valid;
   uint32_t pc;
   uint32_t lr;
   uint32_t sp;
   uint32_t backtrace[MAX_BACKTRACE];
   uint8_t backtrace_count;
-} __attribute__((section(".noinit"))) s_crash_data;
+} s_crash_data __attribute__((section(".noinit")));
 
 bool crash_handler_has_data() { return s_crash_data.valid; }
 

From 18b54f075ee02f1f36da37681968b147554f89ba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kjell Braden <afflux@pentabarf.de>
Date: Fri, 13 Mar 2026 14:18:42 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 570/609] [runtime_image] fix BMP parsing (#14762)

---
 .../components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.h    |   4 +
 .../fixtures/online_image_bmp.yaml            |  27 ++++
 tests/integration/test_online_image_bmp.py    | 119 ++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 150 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tests/integration/fixtures/online_image_bmp.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/integration/test_online_image_bmp.py

diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.h b/esphome/components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.h
index 73e54f5430..a52a561584 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.h
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/bmp_decoder.h
@@ -26,6 +26,10 @@ class BmpDecoder : public ImageDecoder {
   int HOT decode(uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) override;
 
   bool is_finished() const override {
+    if (this->bits_per_pixel_ == 0) {
+      // header not yet received, so dimensions not yet determined
+      return false;
+    }
     // BMP is finished when we've decoded all pixel data
     return this->paint_index_ >= static_cast<size_t>(this->width_ * this->height_);
   }
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/online_image_bmp.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/online_image_bmp.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e36514e9ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/online_image_bmp.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+esphome:
+  name: online-image-bmp
+
+host:
+
+http_request:
+
+display:
+
+online_image:
+  - url: http://127.0.0.1:HTTP_PORT/foo.bmp
+    id: myimg
+    format: BMP
+    type: RGB
+    on_download_finished:
+      logger.log:
+        format: "download finished. cache hit: %u"
+        args: [cached]
+
+api:
+  actions:
+    - action: fetch_image
+      then:
+        - component.update: myimg
+
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_online_image_bmp.py b/tests/integration/test_online_image_bmp.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7c32154fdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_online_image_bmp.py
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import re
+
+import pytest
+
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+# black 8x8 RGB BMP, generated with
+#   from PIL import Image
+#   from io import BytesIO
+#   b = BytesIO()
+#   img = Image.new("RGB", (8, 8))
+#   img.save(b, format="BMP")
+#   b.getvalue()
+BMP_IMAGE = b"BM\xf6\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x006\x00\x00\x00(\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x18\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xc0\x00\x00\x00\xc4\x0e\x00\x00\xc4\x0e\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+LEN_BMP_IMAGE = len(BMP_IMAGE)
+
+
+def handle_http(http_request_future):
+    async def handler(reader, writer):
+        try:
+            async with asyncio.timeout(1.0):
+                data = await reader.readuntil(b"\r\n")
+
+            # ensure our request matches the expectation
+            expected_request = b"GET /foo.bmp HTTP/1.1\r\n"
+            assert data[: len(expected_request)] == expected_request
+
+            # consume rest of request
+            async with asyncio.timeout(1.0):
+                data = await reader.readuntil(b"\r\n\r\n")
+
+            http_request_future.set_result(True)
+
+            http_response = [
+                b"HTTP/1.1 200 OK",
+                b"Content-Length: %d" % LEN_BMP_IMAGE,
+                b"Content-Type: text/plain",
+                b"Connection: close",
+                b"",
+                b"",
+            ]
+            writer.write(b"\r\n".join(http_response))
+            await writer.drain()
+
+            writer.write(BMP_IMAGE)
+
+            await writer.drain()
+        except Exception as exc:
+            if not http_request_future.done():
+                http_request_future.set_exception(exc)
+            raise
+        finally:
+            writer.close()
+
+    return handler
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_online_image_bmp(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Esphome shouldn't block the main loop when a http response is slow"""
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+
+    # Track http request
+    http_request_future = loop.create_future()
+    download_finished_future = loop.create_future()
+    downloaded_bytes_future = loop.create_future()
+
+    def check_output(line: str) -> None:
+        """Check log output for expected messages."""
+
+        if match := re.search(r"Image fully downloaded, (\d+) bytes", line):
+            downloaded_bytes_future.set_result(int(match.group(1)))
+
+        if "download finished" in line:
+            download_finished_future.set_result(True)
+
+    server = await asyncio.start_server(
+        handle_http(http_request_future), "127.0.0.1", 0
+    )
+    http_server_port = server.sockets[0].getsockname()[1]
+
+    config = yaml_config.replace("HTTP_PORT", str(http_server_port))
+
+    # Run with log monitoring
+    async with (
+        server,
+        run_compiled(config, line_callback=check_output),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        # Verify device info
+
+        device_info = await client.device_info()
+        assert device_info is not None
+        assert device_info.name == "online-image-bmp"
+
+        # List services to find our test service
+        _, services = await client.list_entities_services()
+
+        # Find test service
+        request_service = next((s for s in services if s.name == "fetch_image"), None)
+
+        assert request_service is not None, "fetch_image service not found"
+
+        await client.execute_service(request_service, {})
+
+        async with asyncio.timeout(0.1):
+            await http_request_future
+
+        async with asyncio.timeout(0.5):
+            numbytes = await downloaded_bytes_future
+            assert numbytes == LEN_BMP_IMAGE
+            await download_finished_future

From e9c265914768a3c5fea24b6c2fb28eeb211cfb90 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 13 Mar 2026 03:20:50 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 571/609] [select] Fix -Wmaybe-uninitialized warnings on
 ESP8266 (#14759)

---
 esphome/components/select/select_call.cpp | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/select/select_call.cpp b/esphome/components/select/select_call.cpp
index 45fb42c116..83f5052fc8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/select/select_call.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/select/select_call.cpp
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ SelectCall &SelectCall::with_index(size_t index) {
   this->operation_ = SELECT_OP_SET;
   if (index >= this->parent_->size()) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - Index value %zu out of bounds", this->parent_->get_name().c_str(), index);
-    this->index_ = {};  // Store nullopt for invalid index
+    this->index_ = nullopt;  // Store nullopt for invalid index
   } else {
     this->index_ = index;
   }
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ optional<size_t> SelectCall::calculate_target_index_(const char *name) {
   const auto &options = this->parent_->traits.get_options();
   if (options.empty()) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - Select has no options", name);
-    return {};
+    return nullopt;
   }
 
   if (this->operation_ == SELECT_OP_FIRST) {
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ optional<size_t> SelectCall::calculate_target_index_(const char *name) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s' - Setting", name);
     if (!this->index_.has_value()) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - No option set", name);
-      return {};
+      return nullopt;
     }
     return this->index_;
   }
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ optional<size_t> SelectCall::calculate_target_index_(const char *name) {
     return active_index + 1;
   }
 
-  return {};  // Can't navigate further without cycling
+  return nullopt;  // Can't navigate further without cycling
 }
 
 void SelectCall::perform() {

From 49107f217463b8ceb9200fd3bb51aa38d1bb9527 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 13 Mar 2026 07:37:30 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 572/609] [api] Increase log Nagle coalescing on all platforms
 except ESP8266 (#14752)

---
 esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h | 24 ++++++++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h
index 98de24501e..5e07ad43a9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h
@@ -134,12 +134,16 @@ class APIFrameHelper {
   //
   // For log messages: Use Nagle to coalesce multiple small log packets into
   // fewer larger packets, reducing WiFi overhead. However, we limit batching
-  // to 3 messages to avoid excessive LWIP buffer pressure on memory-constrained
-  // devices like ESP8266. LWIP's TCP_OVERSIZE option coalesces the data into
-  // shared pbufs, but holding data too long waiting for Nagle's timer causes
-  // buffer exhaustion and dropped messages.
+  // to avoid excessive LWIP buffer pressure on memory-constrained devices.
+  // LWIP's TCP_OVERSIZE option coalesces the data into shared pbufs, but
+  // holding data too long waiting for Nagle's timer causes buffer exhaustion
+  // and dropped messages.
   //
-  // Flow: Log 1 (Nagle on) -> Log 2 (Nagle on) -> Log 3 (NODELAY, flush all)
+  // ESP32 (TCP_SND_BUF=4×MSS+) / RP2040 (8×MSS) / LibreTiny (4×MSS): 4 logs per cycle
+  // ESP8266 (2×MSS): 3 logs per cycle (tightest buffers)
+  //
+  // Flow (ESP32/RP2040/LT): Log 1 (Nagle on) -> Log 2 -> Log 3 -> Log 4 (NODELAY, flush)
+  // Flow (ESP8266):         Log 1 (Nagle on) -> Log 2 -> Log 3 (NODELAY, flush all)
   //
   void set_nodelay_for_message(bool is_log_message) {
     if (!is_log_message) {
@@ -150,7 +154,7 @@ class APIFrameHelper {
       return;
     }
 
-    // Log messages 1-3: state transitions -1 -> 1 -> 2 -> -1 (flush on 3rd)
+    // Log messages: state transitions -1 -> 1 -> ... -> LOG_NAGLE_COUNT -> -1 (flush)
     if (this->nodelay_state_ == NODELAY_ON) {
       this->set_nodelay_raw_(false);
       this->nodelay_state_ = 1;
@@ -255,10 +259,16 @@ class APIFrameHelper {
   uint8_t tx_buf_tail_{0};
   uint8_t tx_buf_count_{0};
   // Nagle batching state for log messages. NODELAY_ON (-1) means NODELAY is enabled
-  // (immediate send). Values 1-2 count log messages in the current Nagle batch.
+  // (immediate send). Values 1..LOG_NAGLE_COUNT count log messages in the current Nagle batch.
   // After LOG_NAGLE_COUNT logs, we switch to NODELAY to flush and reset.
+  // ESP8266 has the tightest TCP send buffer (2×MSS) and needs conservative batching.
+  // ESP32 (4×MSS+), RP2040 (8×MSS), and LibreTiny (4×MSS) can coalesce more.
   static constexpr int8_t NODELAY_ON = -1;
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
   static constexpr int8_t LOG_NAGLE_COUNT = 2;
+#else
+  static constexpr int8_t LOG_NAGLE_COUNT = 3;
+#endif
   int8_t nodelay_state_{NODELAY_ON};
 
   // Internal helper to set TCP_NODELAY socket option

From a064eceb9bf750979c74009b508c8148eca70d81 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Fri, 13 Mar 2026 07:37:44 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 573/609] [template] Fix misleading 'Text value too long to
 save' warning (#14753)

---
 .../components/template/text/template_text.h  |  32 ++---
 .../fixtures/template_text_save.yaml          |  23 +++
 tests/integration/test_template_text_save.py  | 131 ++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 170 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/integration/fixtures/template_text_save.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/integration/test_template_text_save.py

diff --git a/esphome/components/template/text/template_text.h b/esphome/components/template/text/template_text.h
index 7f176db09e..229a61d9b8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/template/text/template_text.h
+++ b/esphome/components/template/text/template_text.h
@@ -24,23 +24,23 @@ class TemplateTextSaverBase {
 template<uint8_t SZ> class TextSaver : public TemplateTextSaverBase {
  public:
   bool save(const std::string &value) override {
-    int diff = value.compare(this->prev_);
-    if (diff != 0) {
-      // If string is bigger than the allocation, do not save it.
-      // We don't need to waste ram setting prev_value either.
-      int size = value.size();
-      if (size <= SZ) {
-        // Make it into a length prefixed thing
-        unsigned char temp[SZ + 1];
-        memcpy(temp + 1, value.c_str(), size);
-        // SZ should be pre checked at the schema level, it can't go past the char range.
-        temp[0] = ((unsigned char) size);
-        this->pref_.save(&temp);
-        this->prev_.assign(value);
-        return true;
-      }
+    if (value == this->prev_) {
+      return true;  // No change, nothing to save
     }
-    return false;
+    // If string is bigger than the allocation, do not save it.
+    // We don't need to waste ram setting prev_value either.
+    int size = value.size();
+    if (size > SZ) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    // Make it into a length prefixed thing
+    unsigned char temp[SZ + 1];
+    memcpy(temp + 1, value.c_str(), size);
+    // SZ should be pre checked at the schema level, it can't go past the char range.
+    temp[0] = ((unsigned char) size);
+    this->pref_.save(&temp);
+    this->prev_.assign(value);
+    return true;
   }
 
   // Make the preference object.  Fill the provided location with the saved data
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/template_text_save.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/template_text_save.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..526561732d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/template_text_save.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+esphome:
+  name: host-template-text-save-test
+
+host:
+
+api:
+  batch_delay: 0ms
+
+logger:
+
+preferences:
+  flash_write_interval: 0s
+
+text:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Test Text Restore"
+    id: test_text_restore
+    optimistic: true
+    min_length: 0
+    max_length: 10
+    mode: text
+    initial_value: "hello"
+    restore_value: true
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_template_text_save.py b/tests/integration/test_template_text_save.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..47c8e3188a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_template_text_save.py
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+"""Integration test for template text restore_value persistence.
+
+Tests that:
+1. A template text with restore_value saves its value to preferences
+2. The saved value persists across restarts (binary re-run)
+3. Setting the same value again does not produce a spurious "too long" warning
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from pathlib import Path
+import socket
+from typing import Any
+
+from aioesphomeapi import TextInfo, TextState
+import pytest
+
+from .conftest import run_binary_and_wait_for_port, wait_and_connect_api_client
+from .state_utils import InitialStateHelper, require_entity
+from .types import CompileFunction, ConfigWriter
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_template_text_save(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    write_yaml_config: ConfigWriter,
+    compile_esphome: CompileFunction,
+    reserved_tcp_port: tuple[int, socket.socket],
+) -> None:
+    """Test template text save/restore persistence and duplicate-save behavior."""
+    port, port_socket = reserved_tcp_port
+
+    # Clean up any stale preference file from previous runs
+    prefs_file = (
+        Path.home() / ".esphome" / "prefs" / "host-template-text-save-test.prefs"
+    )
+    if prefs_file.exists():
+        prefs_file.unlink()
+
+    # Write and compile once
+    config_path = await write_yaml_config(yaml_config)
+    binary_path = await compile_esphome(config_path)
+
+    # Release the reserved port so the binary can bind to it
+    port_socket.close()
+
+    # --- First run: set a value and verify no spurious warnings ---
+    warning_lines: list[str] = []
+
+    def capture_warnings(line: str) -> None:
+        if "too long to save" in line.lower():
+            warning_lines.append(line)
+
+    async with (
+        run_binary_and_wait_for_port(
+            binary_path, "127.0.0.1", port, line_callback=capture_warnings
+        ),
+        wait_and_connect_api_client(port=port) as client,
+    ):
+        device_info = await client.device_info()
+        assert device_info.name == "host-template-text-save-test"
+
+        entities, _ = await client.list_entities_services()
+        text_entity = require_entity(
+            entities, "test_text_restore", TextInfo, "Test Text Restore"
+        )
+
+        # Set up state tracking
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        state_futures: dict[int, asyncio.Future[Any]] = {}
+
+        def on_state(state: Any) -> None:
+            if state.key in state_futures and not state_futures[state.key].done():
+                state_futures[state.key].set_result(state)
+
+        initial_state_helper = InitialStateHelper(entities)
+        client.subscribe_states(initial_state_helper.on_state_wrapper(on_state))
+        await initial_state_helper.wait_for_initial_states()
+
+        # Verify initial value from config
+        initial = initial_state_helper.initial_states[text_entity.key]
+        assert isinstance(initial, TextState)
+        assert initial.state == "hello"
+
+        async def wait_for_state(key: int, timeout: float = 2.0) -> Any:
+            state_futures[key] = loop.create_future()
+            try:
+                return await asyncio.wait_for(state_futures[key], timeout)
+            finally:
+                state_futures.pop(key, None)
+
+        # Set a new value that fits within max_length
+        client.text_command(key=text_entity.key, state="world")
+        state = await wait_for_state(text_entity.key)
+        assert state.state == "world"
+
+        # Set the same value again - should NOT produce "too long" warning
+        client.text_command(key=text_entity.key, state="world")
+        # Give time for the warning to appear (if any)
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
+
+    # No warnings should have appeared
+    assert warning_lines == [], (
+        f"Unexpected 'too long to save' warning(s): {warning_lines}"
+    )
+
+    # --- Second run: verify the value was restored from preferences ---
+    async with (
+        run_binary_and_wait_for_port(binary_path, "127.0.0.1", port),
+        wait_and_connect_api_client(port=port) as client,
+    ):
+        entities, _ = await client.list_entities_services()
+        text_entity = require_entity(
+            entities, "test_text_restore", TextInfo, "Test Text Restore"
+        )
+
+        initial_state_helper = InitialStateHelper(entities)
+        client.subscribe_states(initial_state_helper.on_state_wrapper(lambda s: None))
+        await initial_state_helper.wait_for_initial_states()
+
+        # The value should be "world" - restored from preferences
+        restored = initial_state_helper.initial_states[text_entity.key]
+        assert isinstance(restored, TextState)
+        assert restored.state == "world", (
+            f"Expected restored value 'world', got '{restored.state}'"
+        )
+
+    # Clean up preference file
+    if prefs_file.exists():
+        prefs_file.unlink()

From 98d98716203da8d8d7a42f3312bb547ce2c425cb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: leccelecce <24962424+leccelecce@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 14 Mar 2026 13:15:54 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 574/609] [online_image] Log download duration in milliseconds
 instead of seconds (#14803)

---
 esphome/components/online_image/online_image.cpp | 6 +++---
 esphome/components/online_image/online_image.h   | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/online_image/online_image.cpp b/esphome/components/online_image/online_image.cpp
index da866599c9..22bf6a3056 100644
--- a/esphome/components/online_image/online_image.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/online_image/online_image.cpp
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ void OnlineImage::update() {
   }
 
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Downloading image (Size: %zu)", total_size);
-  this->start_time_ = ::time(nullptr);
+  this->start_time_ = millis();
   this->enable_loop();
 }
 
@@ -155,8 +155,8 @@ void OnlineImage::loop() {
     // Finalize decoding
     this->end_decode();
 
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Image fully downloaded, %zu bytes in %" PRIu32 "s", this->downloader_->get_bytes_read(),
-             (uint32_t) (::time(nullptr) - this->start_time_));
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Image fully downloaded, %zu bytes in %" PRIu32 " ms", this->downloader_->get_bytes_read(),
+             millis() - this->start_time_);
 
     // Save caching headers
     this->etag_ = this->downloader_->get_response_header(ETAG_HEADER_NAME);
diff --git a/esphome/components/online_image/online_image.h b/esphome/components/online_image/online_image.h
index c7c80c7c66..12c2564526 100644
--- a/esphome/components/online_image/online_image.h
+++ b/esphome/components/online_image/online_image.h
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ class OnlineImage : public PollingComponent,
    */
   std::string last_modified_ = "";
 
-  time_t start_time_;
+  uint32_t start_time_{0};
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class OnlineImageSetUrlAction : public Action<Ts...> {

From 632dbc8fe83a7de72841ad72965a4e484898cc81 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 14 Mar 2026 08:12:04 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 575/609] [core] Inline LwIPLock as no-op on platforms without
 lwIP core locking (#14787)

---
 esphome/components/esp8266/helpers.cpp   |  4 +---
 esphome/components/libretiny/helpers.cpp |  4 +---
 esphome/components/zephyr/core.cpp       |  4 +---
 esphome/core/helpers.h                   | 22 +++++++++++++++-------
 4 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp8266/helpers.cpp b/esphome/components/esp8266/helpers.cpp
index 036594fa17..4a64ae181e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp8266/helpers.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp8266/helpers.cpp
@@ -22,9 +22,7 @@ void Mutex::unlock() {}
 IRAM_ATTR InterruptLock::InterruptLock() { state_ = xt_rsil(15); }
 IRAM_ATTR InterruptLock::~InterruptLock() { xt_wsr_ps(state_); }
 
-// ESP8266 doesn't support lwIP core locking, so this is a no-op
-LwIPLock::LwIPLock() {}
-LwIPLock::~LwIPLock() {}
+// ESP8266 LwIPLock is defined inline as a no-op in helpers.h
 
 void get_mac_address_raw(uint8_t *mac) {  // NOLINT(readability-non-const-parameter)
   wifi_get_macaddr(STATION_IF, mac);
diff --git a/esphome/components/libretiny/helpers.cpp b/esphome/components/libretiny/helpers.cpp
index 37ae0fb455..21913e4a16 100644
--- a/esphome/components/libretiny/helpers.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/libretiny/helpers.cpp
@@ -26,9 +26,7 @@ void Mutex::unlock() { xSemaphoreGive(this->handle_); }
 IRAM_ATTR InterruptLock::InterruptLock() { portDISABLE_INTERRUPTS(); }
 IRAM_ATTR InterruptLock::~InterruptLock() { portENABLE_INTERRUPTS(); }
 
-// LibreTiny doesn't support lwIP core locking, so this is a no-op
-LwIPLock::LwIPLock() {}
-LwIPLock::~LwIPLock() {}
+// LibreTiny LwIPLock is defined inline as a no-op in helpers.h
 
 void get_mac_address_raw(uint8_t *mac) {  // NOLINT(readability-non-const-parameter)
   WiFi.macAddress(mac);
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr/core.cpp b/esphome/components/zephyr/core.cpp
index eee7fb3f4f..1d105a1057 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zephyr/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr/core.cpp
@@ -76,9 +76,7 @@ void Mutex::unlock() { k_mutex_unlock(static_cast<k_mutex *>(this->handle_)); }
 IRAM_ATTR InterruptLock::InterruptLock() { state_ = irq_lock(); }
 IRAM_ATTR InterruptLock::~InterruptLock() { irq_unlock(state_); }
 
-// Zephyr doesn't support lwIP core locking, so this is a no-op
-LwIPLock::LwIPLock() {}
-LwIPLock::~LwIPLock() {}
+// Zephyr LwIPLock is defined inline as a no-op in helpers.h
 
 uint32_t random_uint32() { return rand(); }  // NOLINT(cert-msc30-c, cert-msc50-cpp)
 bool random_bytes(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
diff --git a/esphome/core/helpers.h b/esphome/core/helpers.h
index b2517e2d7a..dafd899ae4 100644
--- a/esphome/core/helpers.h
+++ b/esphome/core/helpers.h
@@ -1801,19 +1801,27 @@ class InterruptLock {
 
 /** Helper class to lock the lwIP TCPIP core when making lwIP API calls from non-TCPIP threads.
  *
- * This is needed on multi-threaded platforms (ESP32) when CONFIG_LWIP_TCPIP_CORE_LOCKING is enabled.
- * It ensures thread-safe access to lwIP APIs.
+ * This is needed on multi-threaded platforms (ESP32) when CONFIG_LWIP_TCPIP_CORE_LOCKING is enabled,
+ * and on RP2040 when CYW43 WiFi is active (cyw43_arch_lwip_begin/end).
  *
- * @note This follows the same pattern as InterruptLock - platform-specific implementations in helpers.cpp
+ * On platforms without lwIP core locking (ESP8266, LibreTiny, Zephyr),
+ * this is a no-op defined inline so the compiler can eliminate all call overhead.
  */
 class LwIPLock {
  public:
-  LwIPLock();
-  ~LwIPLock();
-
-  // Delete copy constructor and copy assignment operator to prevent accidental copying
   LwIPLock(const LwIPLock &) = delete;
   LwIPLock &operator=(const LwIPLock &) = delete;
+
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_RP2040)
+  // Platforms with potential lwIP core locking — out-of-line implementations in helpers.cpp
+  LwIPLock();
+  ~LwIPLock();
+#else
+  // No lwIP core locking — inline no-ops (empty bodies instead of = default
+  // to prevent clang-tidy unused-variable warnings at call sites)
+  LwIPLock() {}
+  ~LwIPLock() {}
+#endif
 };
 
 /** Helper class to request `loop()` to be called as fast as possible.

From 22ea2764d4c48edfb365150a11be9c557806f9bc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sat, 14 Mar 2026 13:17:32 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 576/609] [debug] Fix shared buffer between reset reason and
 wakeup cause (#14813)

---
 esphome/components/debug/debug_component.h   | 3 ++-
 esphome/components/debug/debug_esp32.cpp     | 9 +++++----
 esphome/components/debug/debug_esp8266.cpp   | 2 +-
 esphome/components/debug/debug_host.cpp      | 2 +-
 esphome/components/debug/debug_libretiny.cpp | 2 +-
 esphome/components/debug/debug_rp2040.cpp    | 2 +-
 esphome/components/debug/debug_zephyr.cpp    | 2 +-
 7 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/debug/debug_component.h b/esphome/components/debug/debug_component.h
index e4f4bb36eb..3da6b800c6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/debug/debug_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/debug/debug_component.h
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ namespace debug {
 
 static constexpr size_t DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE = 256;
 static constexpr size_t RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE = 128;
+static constexpr size_t WAKEUP_CAUSE_BUFFER_SIZE = 128;
 
 // buf_append_printf is now provided by esphome/core/helpers.h
 
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ class DebugComponent : public PollingComponent {
 #endif  // USE_TEXT_SENSOR
 
   const char *get_reset_reason_(std::span<char, RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer);
-  const char *get_wakeup_cause_(std::span<char, RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer);
+  const char *get_wakeup_cause_(std::span<char, WAKEUP_CAUSE_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer);
   uint32_t get_free_heap_();
   size_t get_device_info_(std::span<char, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer, size_t pos);
   void update_platform_();
diff --git a/esphome/components/debug/debug_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/debug/debug_esp32.cpp
index 6898621dd0..c9df4fdf21 100644
--- a/esphome/components/debug/debug_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/debug/debug_esp32.cpp
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ static const char *const WAKEUP_CAUSES[] = {
     "BT",
 };
 
-const char *DebugComponent::get_wakeup_cause_(std::span<char, RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer) {
+const char *DebugComponent::get_wakeup_cause_(std::span<char, WAKEUP_CAUSE_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer) {
   const char *wake_reason;
   unsigned reason = esp_sleep_get_wakeup_cause();
   if (reason < sizeof(WAKEUP_CAUSES) / sizeof(WAKEUP_CAUSES[0])) {
@@ -196,9 +196,10 @@ size_t DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::span<char, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE>
   uint32_t cpu_freq_mhz = arch_get_cpu_freq_hz() / 1000000;
   pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|CPU Frequency: %" PRIu32 " MHz", cpu_freq_mhz);
 
-  char reason_buffer[RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE];
-  const char *reset_reason = get_reset_reason_(std::span<char, RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE>(reason_buffer));
-  const char *wakeup_cause = get_wakeup_cause_(std::span<char, RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE>(reason_buffer));
+  char reset_buffer[RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  char wakeup_buffer[WAKEUP_CAUSE_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  const char *reset_reason = get_reset_reason_(std::span<char, RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE>(reset_buffer));
+  const char *wakeup_cause = get_wakeup_cause_(std::span<char, WAKEUP_CAUSE_BUFFER_SIZE>(wakeup_buffer));
 
   uint8_t mac[6];
   get_mac_address_raw(mac);
diff --git a/esphome/components/debug/debug_esp8266.cpp b/esphome/components/debug/debug_esp8266.cpp
index 4df4aaa851..0519ab72fe 100644
--- a/esphome/components/debug/debug_esp8266.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/debug/debug_esp8266.cpp
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ const char *DebugComponent::get_reset_reason_(std::span<char, RESET_REASON_BUFFE
   return buffer.data();
 }
 
-const char *DebugComponent::get_wakeup_cause_(std::span<char, RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer) {
+const char *DebugComponent::get_wakeup_cause_(std::span<char, WAKEUP_CAUSE_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer) {
   // ESP8266 doesn't have detailed wakeup cause like ESP32
   return "";
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/debug/debug_host.cpp b/esphome/components/debug/debug_host.cpp
index 2fa88f0909..0dfab86e4c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/debug/debug_host.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/debug/debug_host.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ namespace debug {
 
 const char *DebugComponent::get_reset_reason_(std::span<char, RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer) { return ""; }
 
-const char *DebugComponent::get_wakeup_cause_(std::span<char, RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer) { return ""; }
+const char *DebugComponent::get_wakeup_cause_(std::span<char, WAKEUP_CAUSE_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer) { return ""; }
 
 uint32_t DebugComponent::get_free_heap_() { return INT_MAX; }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/debug/debug_libretiny.cpp b/esphome/components/debug/debug_libretiny.cpp
index 39269d6f2f..1d458c602a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/debug/debug_libretiny.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/debug/debug_libretiny.cpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ const char *DebugComponent::get_reset_reason_(std::span<char, RESET_REASON_BUFFE
   return lt_get_reboot_reason_name(lt_get_reboot_reason());
 }
 
-const char *DebugComponent::get_wakeup_cause_(std::span<char, RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer) { return ""; }
+const char *DebugComponent::get_wakeup_cause_(std::span<char, WAKEUP_CAUSE_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer) { return ""; }
 
 uint32_t DebugComponent::get_free_heap_() { return lt_heap_get_free(); }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/debug/debug_rp2040.cpp b/esphome/components/debug/debug_rp2040.cpp
index 8dc84a2673..73f08492c8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/debug/debug_rp2040.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/debug/debug_rp2040.cpp
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ const char *DebugComponent::get_reset_reason_(std::span<char, RESET_REASON_BUFFE
   return buf;
 }
 
-const char *DebugComponent::get_wakeup_cause_(std::span<char, RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer) { return ""; }
+const char *DebugComponent::get_wakeup_cause_(std::span<char, WAKEUP_CAUSE_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer) { return ""; }
 
 uint32_t DebugComponent::get_free_heap_() { return ::rp2040.getFreeHeap(); }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/debug/debug_zephyr.cpp b/esphome/components/debug/debug_zephyr.cpp
index bd6432e949..bf87b7ae3d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/debug/debug_zephyr.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/debug/debug_zephyr.cpp
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ const char *DebugComponent::get_reset_reason_(std::span<char, RESET_REASON_BUFFE
   return buf;
 }
 
-const char *DebugComponent::get_wakeup_cause_(std::span<char, RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer) {
+const char *DebugComponent::get_wakeup_cause_(std::span<char, WAKEUP_CAUSE_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer) {
   // Zephyr doesn't have detailed wakeup cause like ESP32
   return "";
 }

From deb6b97eea98feea201c73402df493c30a502e7d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jesse Hills <3060199+jesserockz@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Mar 2026 09:25:21 +1300
Subject: [PATCH 577/609] Bump version to 2026.3.0b2

---
 Doxyfile         | 2 +-
 esphome/const.py | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Doxyfile b/Doxyfile
index 9f5cd0a2ce..4ec3a24c9f 100644
--- a/Doxyfile
+++ b/Doxyfile
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ PROJECT_NAME           = ESPHome
 # could be handy for archiving the generated documentation or if some version
 # control system is used.
 
-PROJECT_NUMBER         = 2026.3.0b1
+PROJECT_NUMBER         = 2026.3.0b2
 
 # Using the PROJECT_BRIEF tag one can provide an optional one line description
 # for a project that appears at the top of each page and should give viewer a
diff --git a/esphome/const.py b/esphome/const.py
index eb49c9a1d7..2466f2c49c 100644
--- a/esphome/const.py
+++ b/esphome/const.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from enum import Enum
 
 from esphome.enum import StrEnum
 
-__version__ = "2026.3.0b1"
+__version__ = "2026.3.0b2"
 
 ALLOWED_NAME_CHARS = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_"
 VALID_SUBSTITUTIONS_CHARACTERS = (

From 06d1498c47e78a9635333a109a089c58309f50c2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: guillempages <guillempages@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 12 Mar 2026 15:15:20 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 578/609] [runtime_image] Update jpegdec lib version (#14726)

Co-authored-by: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .clang-tidy.hash                             | 2 +-
 esphome/components/runtime_image/__init__.py | 2 +-
 platformio.ini                               | 4 ++--
 3 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.clang-tidy.hash b/.clang-tidy.hash
index ff25675918..87b4ebb2c6 100644
--- a/.clang-tidy.hash
+++ b/.clang-tidy.hash
@@ -1 +1 @@
-e4b9c4b54e705d3c9400e1cdda8ba0b32634780cfa5f32271832e911bdcafe7e
+8e48e836c6fc196d3da000d46eb09db243b87fe33518a74e49c8e009d756074a
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/__init__.py b/esphome/components/runtime_image/__init__.py
index 0773a53d91..7c22bfc9d1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_image/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/__init__.py
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ class JPEGFormat(Format):
 
     def actions(self) -> None:
         cg.add_define("USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_JPEG")
-        cg.add_library("JPEGDEC", None, "https://github.com/bitbank2/JPEGDEC#ca1e0f2")
+        cg.add_library("JPEGDEC", "1.8.4", "https://github.com/bitbank2/JPEGDEC#1.8.4")
 
 
 class PNGFormat(Format):
diff --git a/platformio.ini b/platformio.ini
index deee23d049..3c3d62ef76 100644
--- a/platformio.ini
+++ b/platformio.ini
@@ -46,11 +46,11 @@ lib_deps_base =
 
 lib_deps =
     ${common.lib_deps_base}
-    esphome/noise-c@0.1.11                  ; api
+    esphome/noise-c@0.1.11                 ; api
     improv/Improv@1.2.4                    ; improv_serial / esp32_improv
     kikuchan98/pngle@1.1.0                 ; online_image
     ; Using the repository directly, otherwise ESP-IDF can't use the library
-    https://github.com/bitbank2/JPEGDEC.git#ca1e0f2    ; online_image
+    https://github.com/bitbank2/JPEGDEC.git#1.8.4    ; online_image
     ; This dependency is used only in unit tests.
     ; Must coincide with PLATFORMIO_GOOGLE_TEST_LIB in scripts/cpp_unit_test.py
     ; See scripts/cpp_unit_test.py and tests/components/README.md

From 5d5c2723b2570d06dddab60a1152903df592d5a3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 15 Mar 2026 18:14:41 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 579/609] [fastled] Include esp_lcd IDF component for ESP32-S3
 compatibility (#14839)

---
 esphome/components/fastled_base/__init__.py               | 5 +++++
 tests/components/fastled_clockless/test.esp32-s3-ard.yaml | 1 +
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tests/components/fastled_clockless/test.esp32-s3-ard.yaml

diff --git a/esphome/components/fastled_base/__init__.py b/esphome/components/fastled_base/__init__.py
index 11e8423258..c944e8a930 100644
--- a/esphome/components/fastled_base/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/fastled_base/__init__.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_OUTPUT_ID,
     CONF_RGB_ORDER,
 )
+from esphome.core import CORE
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@OttoWinter"]
 fastled_base_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("fastled_base")
@@ -41,5 +42,9 @@ async def new_fastled_light(config):
         cg.add(var.set_max_refresh_rate(config[CONF_MAX_REFRESH_RATE]))
 
     cg.add_library("fastled/FastLED", "3.9.16")
+    if CORE.is_esp32:
+        from esphome.components.esp32 import include_builtin_idf_component
+
+        include_builtin_idf_component("esp_lcd")
     await light.register_light(var, config)
     return var
diff --git a/tests/components/fastled_clockless/test.esp32-s3-ard.yaml b/tests/components/fastled_clockless/test.esp32-s3-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dade44d145
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/fastled_clockless/test.esp32-s3-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<<: !include common.yaml

From d6fba390378b6e8469254c518b3e0e5d1312026b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Sun, 15 Mar 2026 18:15:01 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 580/609] [runtime_image] Add esp-dsp dependency for JPEGDEC
 SIMD on ESP32 (#14840)

Co-authored-by: Copilot Autofix powered by AI <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci-lite[bot] <117423508+pre-commit-ci-lite[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/components/runtime_image/__init__.py  |  8 ++++++++
 esphome/idf_component.yml                     |  2 ++
 .../online_image/test.esp32-s3-ard.yaml       | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../online_image/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml       | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 48 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tests/components/online_image/test.esp32-s3-ard.yaml
 create mode 100644 tests/components/online_image/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml

diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/__init__.py b/esphome/components/runtime_image/__init__.py
index 7c22bfc9d1..3ae35cc5f1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_image/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/__init__.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.components.image import (
 )
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_FORMAT, CONF_ID, CONF_RESIZE, CONF_TYPE
+from esphome.core import CORE
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["image"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@guillempages", "@clydebarrow", "@kahrendt"]
@@ -75,6 +76,13 @@ class JPEGFormat(Format):
     def actions(self) -> None:
         cg.add_define("USE_RUNTIME_IMAGE_JPEG")
         cg.add_library("JPEGDEC", "1.8.4", "https://github.com/bitbank2/JPEGDEC#1.8.4")
+        if CORE.is_esp32:
+            from esphome.components.esp32 import add_idf_component
+
+            # JPEGDEC uses ESP32-S3 SIMD optimizations (guarded by board-level
+            # ARDUINO_ESP32S3_DEV define) that require esp-dsp headers.
+            # On Arduino this overwrites the stub; on IDF it adds the component.
+            add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp-dsp", ref="1.7.1")
 
 
 class PNGFormat(Format):
diff --git a/esphome/idf_component.yml b/esphome/idf_component.yml
index df651ae15d..381ecdcbf6 100644
--- a/esphome/idf_component.yml
+++ b/esphome/idf_component.yml
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ dependencies:
     version: 2.0.3
   esphome/micro-opus:
     version: 0.3.5
+  espressif/esp-dsp:
+    version: "1.7.1"
   espressif/esp-tflite-micro:
     version: 1.3.3~1
   espressif/esp32-camera:
diff --git a/tests/components/online_image/test.esp32-s3-ard.yaml b/tests/components/online_image/test.esp32-s3-ard.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9116fd86e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/online_image/test.esp32-s3-ard.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+packages:
+  spi: !include ../../test_build_components/common/spi/esp32-s3-ard.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
+
+http_request:
+
+display:
+  - platform: ili9xxx
+    spi_id: spi_bus
+    id: main_lcd
+    model: ili9342
+    cs_pin: 20
+    dc_pin: 13
+    reset_pin: 21
+    invert_colors: true
+    lambda: |-
+      it.fill(Color(0, 0, 0));
+      it.image(0, 0, id(online_rgba_image));
diff --git a/tests/components/online_image/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml b/tests/components/online_image/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f219f71ee2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/online_image/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+packages:
+  spi: !include ../../test_build_components/common/spi/esp32-s3-idf.yaml
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
+
+http_request:
+
+display:
+  - platform: ili9xxx
+    spi_id: spi_bus
+    id: main_lcd
+    model: ili9342
+    cs_pin: 20
+    dc_pin: 13
+    reset_pin: 21
+    invert_colors: true
+    lambda: |-
+      it.fill(Color(0, 0, 0));
+      it.image(0, 0, id(online_rgba_image));

From ffce637ea547698c034ab6fde3d04c3ee8fc6e41 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "dependabot[bot]" <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Mar 2026 05:43:38 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 581/609] Bump aioesphomeapi from 44.5.1 to 44.5.2 (#14849)

Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 requirements.txt | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index e634bcb104..da95dd5a13 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ platformio==6.1.19
 esptool==5.2.0
 click==8.3.1
 esphome-dashboard==20260210.0
-aioesphomeapi==44.5.1
+aioesphomeapi==44.5.2
 zeroconf==0.148.0
 puremagic==1.30
 ruamel.yaml==0.19.1 # dashboard_import

From b8ce907976689a5f78ca4f80d483087d001fc5d8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: tomaszduda23 <tomaszduda23@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Mar 2026 08:08:05 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 582/609] [ble_nus] fix uart debug (#14850)

---
 esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.cpp | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.cpp b/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.cpp
index d0d37dbf1c..2f60f81471 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.cpp
@@ -67,14 +67,14 @@ bool BLENUS::read_array(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
 
   // First, use the peek buffer if available
   if (this->has_peek_) {
+#ifdef USE_UART_DEBUGGER
+    this->debug_callback_.call(uart::UART_DIRECTION_RX, this->peek_buffer_);
+#endif
     data[0] = this->peek_buffer_;
     this->has_peek_ = false;
     data++;
     if (--len == 0) {  // Decrement len first, then check it...
-#ifdef USE_UART_DEBUGGER
-      this->debug_callback_.call(uart::UART_DIRECTION_RX, this->peek_buffer_);
-#endif
-      return true;  // No more to read
+      return true;     // No more to read
     }
   }
 

From 0c260e483e2700401724706ffd02bc038c65fc93 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Mar 2026 15:39:26 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 583/609] [gpio][dallas_temp] Fix one_wire read64() and DS18S20
 division by zero (#14866)

---
 esphome/components/dallas_temp/dallas_temp.cpp     | 3 +++
 esphome/components/gpio/one_wire/gpio_one_wire.cpp | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/dallas_temp/dallas_temp.cpp b/esphome/components/dallas_temp/dallas_temp.cpp
index 13f2fa59bd..f119e28e78 100644
--- a/esphome/components/dallas_temp/dallas_temp.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/dallas_temp/dallas_temp.cpp
@@ -136,6 +136,9 @@ bool DallasTemperatureSensor::check_scratch_pad_() {
 float DallasTemperatureSensor::get_temp_c_() {
   int16_t temp = (this->scratch_pad_[1] << 8) | this->scratch_pad_[0];
   if ((this->address_ & 0xff) == DALLAS_MODEL_DS18S20) {
+    if (this->scratch_pad_[7] == 0) {
+      return NAN;
+    }
     return (temp >> 1) + (this->scratch_pad_[7] - this->scratch_pad_[6]) / float(this->scratch_pad_[7]) - 0.25;
   }
   switch (this->resolution_) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/gpio/one_wire/gpio_one_wire.cpp b/esphome/components/gpio/one_wire/gpio_one_wire.cpp
index 4191c45de1..4e2a306fc9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gpio/one_wire/gpio_one_wire.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/gpio/one_wire/gpio_one_wire.cpp
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ uint8_t IRAM_ATTR GPIOOneWireBus::read8() {
 uint64_t IRAM_ATTR GPIOOneWireBus::read64() {
   InterruptLock lock;
   uint64_t ret = 0;
-  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
     ret |= (uint64_t(this->read_bit_()) << i);
   }
   return ret;

From bb0a5dc8a8c2df1217dd9cab0402b2e9c29e2b7d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Mar 2026 15:40:24 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 584/609] [lilygo_t5_47] Fix Y coordinate mapping and clamp
 touch point count (#14865)

---
 .../lilygo_t5_47/touchscreen/lilygo_t5_47_touchscreen.cpp   | 6 +++++-
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/lilygo_t5_47/touchscreen/lilygo_t5_47_touchscreen.cpp b/esphome/components/lilygo_t5_47/touchscreen/lilygo_t5_47_touchscreen.cpp
index b29e4c2154..ee6c2ee471 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lilygo_t5_47/touchscreen/lilygo_t5_47_touchscreen.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/lilygo_t5_47/touchscreen/lilygo_t5_47_touchscreen.cpp
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ void LilygoT547Touchscreen::setup() {
       this->x_raw_max_ = this->display_->get_native_width();
     }
     if (this->y_raw_max_ == this->y_raw_min_) {
-      this->x_raw_max_ = this->display_->get_native_height();
+      this->y_raw_max_ = this->display_->get_native_height();
     }
   }
 }
@@ -64,6 +64,10 @@ void LilygoT547Touchscreen::update_touches() {
   }
 
   point = buffer[5] & 0xF;
+  if (point > 2) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid touch point count: %d", point);
+    point = 2;
+  }
 
   if (point == 1) {
     err = this->write_register(TOUCH_REGISTER, READ_TOUCH, 1);

From f36b0fcb61f78ab2a01cfb03c57f5b1ad75b8fdc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Mar 2026 15:42:13 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 585/609] [am43] Fix battery update throttle using wrong type
 (#14864)

---
 esphome/components/am43/sensor/am43_sensor.h | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/am43/sensor/am43_sensor.h b/esphome/components/am43/sensor/am43_sensor.h
index 91973d8e33..195b96a19e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/am43/sensor/am43_sensor.h
+++ b/esphome/components/am43/sensor/am43_sensor.h
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class Am43 : public esphome::ble_client::BLEClientNode, public PollingComponent
   uint8_t current_sensor_;
   // The AM43 often gets into a state where it spams loads of battery update
   // notifications. Here we will limit to no more than every 10s.
-  uint8_t last_battery_update_;
+  uint32_t last_battery_update_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace am43

From 9133582aa0c636bd3e81bc424b46c5248427ccb3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Mar 2026 15:44:55 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 586/609] [as3935] Fix ENERGY_MASK dropping bit 4 of lightning
 energy MMSB (#14861)

---
 esphome/components/as3935/as3935.h | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/as3935/as3935.h b/esphome/components/as3935/as3935.h
index 5dff1cb0ae..5f46dadfa8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/as3935/as3935.h
+++ b/esphome/components/as3935/as3935.h
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ enum AS3935RegisterMasks {
   INT_MASK = 0xF0,
   THRESH_MASK = 0x0F,
   R_SPIKE_MASK = 0xF0,
-  ENERGY_MASK = 0xF0,
+  ENERGY_MASK = 0xE0,
   CAP_MASK = 0xF0,
   LIGHT_MASK = 0xCF,
   DISTURB_MASK = 0xDF,

From 0816b27398b0abb63c11d6f7a10e65ef95f6dcec Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Mar 2026 15:45:16 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 587/609] [core] Support both dot and dash separators in
 Version.parse (#14858)

---
 esphome/config_validation.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/config_validation.py b/esphome/config_validation.py
index 1eac53e9b2..32689dab27 100644
--- a/esphome/config_validation.py
+++ b/esphome/config_validation.py
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ class Version:
 
     @classmethod
     def parse(cls, value: str) -> Version:
-        match = re.match(r"^(\d+).(\d+).(\d+)-?(\w*)$", value)
+        match = re.match(r"^(\d+).(\d+).(\d+)[-.]?(\w*)$", value)
         if match is None:
             raise ValueError(f"Not a valid version number {value}")
         major = int(match[1])

From d6c67d5c357669e547f94a461614976e0d3d54cb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jesse Hills <3060199+jesserockz@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Mar 2026 11:45:03 +1300
Subject: [PATCH 588/609] Bump version to 2026.3.0b3

---
 Doxyfile         | 2 +-
 esphome/const.py | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Doxyfile b/Doxyfile
index 4ec3a24c9f..96295b3fc8 100644
--- a/Doxyfile
+++ b/Doxyfile
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ PROJECT_NAME           = ESPHome
 # could be handy for archiving the generated documentation or if some version
 # control system is used.
 
-PROJECT_NUMBER         = 2026.3.0b2
+PROJECT_NUMBER         = 2026.3.0b3
 
 # Using the PROJECT_BRIEF tag one can provide an optional one line description
 # for a project that appears at the top of each page and should give viewer a
diff --git a/esphome/const.py b/esphome/const.py
index 2466f2c49c..561a27d228 100644
--- a/esphome/const.py
+++ b/esphome/const.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from enum import Enum
 
 from esphome.enum import StrEnum
 
-__version__ = "2026.3.0b2"
+__version__ = "2026.3.0b3"
 
 ALLOWED_NAME_CHARS = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_"
 VALID_SUBSTITUTIONS_CHARACTERS = (

From 8bbfadb59aa39b02156653dee670f6c2990cd506 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Diorcet Yann <diorcety@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Mar 2026 14:22:31 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 589/609] [core] Small improvements (#14884)

---
 esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/__init__.py | 4 ++--
 script/merge_component_configs.py           | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/__init__.py
index 4200b2f0b8..5f0afa9c9f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/__init__.py
@@ -186,8 +186,8 @@ async def to_code_base(config):
         cg.add_library("SPI", None)
     cg.add_library(
         "BME68x Sensor library",
-        "1.3.40408",
-        "https://github.com/boschsensortec/Bosch-BME68x-Library",
+        None,
+        "https://github.com/boschsensortec/Bosch-BME68x-Library#v1.3.40408",
     )
     cg.add_library(
         "BSEC2 Software Library",
diff --git a/script/merge_component_configs.py b/script/merge_component_configs.py
index 5e98f1fef5..41bbafcd02 100755
--- a/script/merge_component_configs.py
+++ b/script/merge_component_configs.py
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ def merge_component_configs(
     # Write merged config
     output_file.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
     yaml_content = yaml_util.dump(merged_config_data)
-    output_file.write_text(yaml_content)
+    output_file.write_text(yaml_content, encoding="utf-8")
 
     print(f"Successfully merged {len(component_names)} components into {output_file}")
 

From 37f9541f322d3ccee1c232df8b2a9a503165d41a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Tue, 17 Mar 2026 08:14:36 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 590/609] [api] Fix ProtoMessage protected destructor compile
 error on host platform (#14882)

---
 esphome/components/api/proto.h | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/api/proto.h b/esphome/components/api/proto.h
index d1c955b1fb..44d8f04585 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/proto.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/proto.h
@@ -442,8 +442,12 @@ class ProtoMessage {
   virtual const char *message_name() const { return "unknown"; }
 #endif
 
+#ifndef USE_HOST
  protected:
+#endif
   // Non-virtual destructor is protected to prevent polymorphic deletion.
+  // On host platform, made public to allow value-initialization of std::array
+  // members (e.g. DeviceInfoResponse::devices) without clang errors.
   ~ProtoMessage() = default;
 };
 

From c5d42b05696f0238929447fcbb3db6ba1018ae82 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Mar 2026 15:18:49 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 591/609] [speaker] Fix media playlist using announcement delay
 (#14889)

---
 .../components/speaker/media_player/speaker_media_player.cpp    | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/speaker_media_player.cpp b/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/speaker_media_player.cpp
index 9f168f854d..930373c6fc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/speaker_media_player.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/speaker_media_player.cpp
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ void SpeakerMediaPlayer::loop() {
               this->media_playlist_.pop_front();
             }
             // Only delay starting playback if moving on the next playlist item or repeating the current item
-            timeout_ms = this->announcement_playlist_delay_ms_;
+            timeout_ms = this->media_playlist_delay_ms_;
           }
           if (!this->media_playlist_.empty()) {
             PlaylistItem playlist_item = this->media_playlist_.front();

From 4122fa5dddaea6b354592dd41e20ad6179223b76 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Tue, 17 Mar 2026 09:58:05 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 592/609] [core] Add back deprecated set_internal() for
 external projects (#14887)

---
 esphome/core/entity_base.h | 8 ++++++++
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/core/entity_base.h b/esphome/core/entity_base.h
index cccbafd2c3..723bf54584 100644
--- a/esphome/core/entity_base.h
+++ b/esphome/core/entity_base.h
@@ -100,6 +100,14 @@ class EntityBase {
   // Get whether this Entity should be hidden outside ESPHome
   bool is_internal() const { return this->flags_.internal; }
 
+  // Deprecated: Calling set_internal() at runtime is undefined behavior. Components and clients
+  // are NOT notified of the change, the flag may have already been read during setup, and there
+  // is NO guarantee any consumer will observe the new value. Use the 'internal:' YAML key instead.
+  ESPDEPRECATED("set_internal() is undefined behavior at runtime — components and Home Assistant are NOT "
+                "notified. Use the 'internal:' YAML key instead. Will be removed in 2027.3.0.",
+                "2026.3.0")
+  void set_internal(bool internal) { this->flags_.internal = internal; }
+
   // Check if this object is declared to be disabled by default.
   // That means that when the device gets added to Home Assistant (or other clients) it should
   // not be added to the default view by default, and a user action is necessary to manually add it.

From 1b70df2c1f8a9a7edbc3b389fe6095ddd7e9f2b3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Tue, 17 Mar 2026 12:16:44 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 593/609] [espnow] Fix EventPool/LockFreeQueue sizing
 off-by-one (#14893)

---
 esphome/components/espnow/espnow_component.cpp | 6 ++++--
 esphome/components/espnow/espnow_component.h   | 8 ++++++--
 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/espnow/espnow_component.cpp b/esphome/components/espnow/espnow_component.cpp
index 991803d870..78916891f4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/espnow/espnow_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/espnow/espnow_component.cpp
@@ -87,7 +87,8 @@ void on_send_report(const uint8_t *mac_addr, esp_now_send_status_t status)
 
   // Push the packet to the queue
   global_esp_now->receive_packet_queue_.push(packet);
-  // Push always because we're the only producer and the pool ensures we never exceed queue size
+  // Push always succeeds: pool is sized to queue capacity (SIZE-1), so if
+  // allocate() returned non-null, the queue cannot be full.
 
   // Wake main loop immediately to process ESP-NOW send event instead of waiting for select() timeout
 #if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE)
@@ -109,7 +110,8 @@ void on_data_received(const esp_now_recv_info_t *info, const uint8_t *data, int
 
   // Push the packet to the queue
   global_esp_now->receive_packet_queue_.push(packet);
-  // Push always because we're the only producer and the pool ensures we never exceed queue size
+  // Push always succeeds: pool is sized to queue capacity (SIZE-1), so if
+  // allocate() returned non-null, the queue cannot be full.
 
   // Wake main loop immediately to process ESP-NOW receive event instead of waiting for select() timeout
 #if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE)
diff --git a/esphome/components/espnow/espnow_component.h b/esphome/components/espnow/espnow_component.h
index 9941e97227..ee4adc1b4d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/espnow/espnow_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/espnow/espnow_component.h
@@ -163,10 +163,14 @@ class ESPNowComponent : public Component {
 
   uint8_t own_address_[ESP_NOW_ETH_ALEN]{0};
   LockFreeQueue<ESPNowPacket, MAX_ESP_NOW_RECEIVE_QUEUE_SIZE> receive_packet_queue_{};
-  EventPool<ESPNowPacket, MAX_ESP_NOW_RECEIVE_QUEUE_SIZE> receive_packet_pool_{};
+  // Pool sized to queue capacity (SIZE-1) because LockFreeQueue<T,N> is a ring
+  // buffer that holds N-1 elements. This guarantees allocate() returns nullptr
+  // before push() can fail, preventing a pool slot leak.
+  EventPool<ESPNowPacket, MAX_ESP_NOW_RECEIVE_QUEUE_SIZE - 1> receive_packet_pool_{};
 
   LockFreeQueue<ESPNowSendPacket, MAX_ESP_NOW_SEND_QUEUE_SIZE> send_packet_queue_{};
-  EventPool<ESPNowSendPacket, MAX_ESP_NOW_SEND_QUEUE_SIZE> send_packet_pool_{};
+  // Pool sized to queue capacity (SIZE-1) — see receive_packet_pool_ comment.
+  EventPool<ESPNowSendPacket, MAX_ESP_NOW_SEND_QUEUE_SIZE - 1> send_packet_pool_{};
   ESPNowSendPacket *current_send_packet_{nullptr};  // Currently sending packet, nullptr if none
 
   uint8_t wifi_channel_{0};

From 8caa11dcf45aed498be5ec8ef83611be86b9a547 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Tue, 17 Mar 2026 12:17:43 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 594/609] [usb_cdc_acm] Fix EventPool/LockFreeQueue sizing
 off-by-one (#14894)

---
 .../components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm.cpp    | 26 +++++++------------
 esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm.h  |  6 ++++-
 2 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm.cpp
index a4c2e6c4a4..253626f0a3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm.cpp
@@ -26,16 +26,13 @@ void USBCDCACMInstance::queue_line_state_event(bool dtr, bool rts) {
   event->data.line_state.dtr = dtr;
   event->data.line_state.rts = rts;
 
-  if (!this->event_queue_.push(event)) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Event queue full, line state event dropped (itf=%d)", this->itf_);
-    // Return event to pool since we couldn't queue it
-    this->event_pool_.release(event);
-  } else {
-    // Wake main loop immediately to process event
+  // Push always succeeds: pool is sized to queue capacity (SIZE-1), so if
+  // allocate() returned non-null, the queue cannot be full.
+  this->event_queue_.push(event);
+
 #if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE)
-    App.wake_loop_threadsafe();
+  App.wake_loop_threadsafe();
 #endif
-  }
 }
 
 void USBCDCACMInstance::queue_line_coding_event(uint32_t bit_rate, uint8_t stop_bits, uint8_t parity,
@@ -53,16 +50,13 @@ void USBCDCACMInstance::queue_line_coding_event(uint32_t bit_rate, uint8_t stop_
   event->data.line_coding.parity = parity;
   event->data.line_coding.data_bits = data_bits;
 
-  if (!this->event_queue_.push(event)) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Event queue full, line coding event dropped (itf=%d)", this->itf_);
-    // Return event to pool since we couldn't queue it
-    this->event_pool_.release(event);
-  } else {
-    // Wake main loop immediately to process event
+  // Push always succeeds: pool is sized to queue capacity (SIZE-1), so if
+  // allocate() returned non-null, the queue cannot be full.
+  this->event_queue_.push(event);
+
 #if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE)
-    App.wake_loop_threadsafe();
+  App.wake_loop_threadsafe();
 #endif
-  }
 }
 
 void USBCDCACMInstance::process_events_() {
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm.h b/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm.h
index 624f41cf8c..90c673a89e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm.h
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/usb_cdc_acm.h
@@ -102,7 +102,11 @@ class USBCDCACMInstance : public uart::UARTComponent, public Parented<USBCDCACMC
   LineStateCallback line_state_callback_{nullptr};
 
   // Lock-free queue and event pool for cross-task event passing
-  EventPool<CDCEvent, EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE> event_pool_;
+  // Pool sized to queue capacity (SIZE-1) because LockFreeQueue<T,N> is a ring
+  // buffer that holds N-1 elements. This guarantees allocate() returns nullptr
+  // before push() can fail, preventing both a pool slot leak and an SPSC
+  // violation on the pool's internal free list.
+  EventPool<CDCEvent, EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE - 1> event_pool_;
   LockFreeQueue<CDCEvent, EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE> event_queue_;
 };
 

From 3bde7ec978f2d691586700ab107cff59a0f014c9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Tue, 17 Mar 2026 12:17:59 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 595/609] [usb_host] Fix EventPool/LockFreeQueue sizing
 off-by-one (#14896)

---
 esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host.h          | 5 ++++-
 esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp | 3 ++-
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host.h b/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host.h
index 2eec0c9699..dcb76a3a3b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host.h
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host.h
@@ -144,7 +144,10 @@ class USBClient : public Component {
   // Lock-free event queue and pool for USB task to main loop communication
   // Must be public for access from static callbacks
   LockFreeQueue<UsbEvent, USB_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE> event_queue;
-  EventPool<UsbEvent, USB_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE> event_pool;
+  // Pool sized to queue capacity (SIZE-1) because LockFreeQueue<T,N> is a ring
+  // buffer that holds N-1 elements. This guarantees allocate() returns nullptr
+  // before push() can fail, preventing a pool slot leak.
+  EventPool<UsbEvent, USB_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE - 1> event_pool;
 
  protected:
   // Process USB events from the queue. Returns true if any work was done.
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp
index 2a460d1a07..18d938344c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_host/usb_host_client.cpp
@@ -193,7 +193,8 @@ static void client_event_cb(const usb_host_client_event_msg_t *event_msg, void *
       return;
   }
 
-  // Push to lock-free queue (always succeeds since pool size == queue size)
+  // Push always succeeds: pool is sized to queue capacity (SIZE-1), so if
+  // allocate() returned non-null, the queue cannot be full.
   client->event_queue.push(event);
 
   // Re-enable component loop to process the queued event

From 6154b673c2b6d25d05ec899731d3f4abd171f033 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Tue, 17 Mar 2026 12:18:31 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 596/609] [usb_uart] Fix EventPool/LockFreeQueue sizing
 off-by-one (#14895)

---
 esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp | 11 +++++------
 esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h   |  8 ++++++--
 2 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
index 3d35f368fb..7c4358fdbd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.cpp
@@ -160,11 +160,9 @@ void USBUartChannel::write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
     size_t chunk_len = std::min(len, UsbOutputChunk::MAX_CHUNK_SIZE);
     memcpy(chunk->data, data, chunk_len);
     chunk->length = static_cast<uint8_t>(chunk_len);
-    if (!this->output_queue_.push(chunk)) {
-      this->output_pool_.release(chunk);
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Output queue full - lost %zu bytes", len);
-      break;
-    }
+    // Push always succeeds: pool is sized to queue capacity (SIZE-1), so if
+    // allocate() returned non-null, the queue cannot be full.
+    this->output_queue_.push(chunk);
     data += chunk_len;
     len -= chunk_len;
   }
@@ -320,7 +318,8 @@ void USBUartComponent::start_input(USBUartChannel *channel) {
       chunk->channel = channel;
 
       // Push to lock-free queue for main loop processing
-      // Push always succeeds because pool size == queue size
+      // Push always succeeds: pool is sized to queue capacity (SIZE-1), so if
+      // allocate() returned non-null, the queue cannot be full.
       this->usb_data_queue_.push(chunk);
 
       // Re-enable component loop to process the queued data
diff --git a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h
index 16469df7f6..7a06b04f11 100644
--- a/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h
+++ b/esphome/components/usb_uart/usb_uart.h
@@ -158,7 +158,10 @@ class USBUartChannel : public uart::UARTComponent, public Parented<USBUartCompon
   // Larger structures first (8+ bytes)
   RingBuffer input_buffer_;
   LockFreeQueue<UsbOutputChunk, USB_OUTPUT_CHUNK_COUNT> output_queue_;
-  EventPool<UsbOutputChunk, USB_OUTPUT_CHUNK_COUNT> output_pool_;
+  // Pool sized to queue capacity (SIZE-1) because LockFreeQueue<T,N> is a ring
+  // buffer that holds N-1 elements. This guarantees allocate() returns nullptr
+  // before push() can fail, preventing a pool slot leak.
+  EventPool<UsbOutputChunk, USB_OUTPUT_CHUNK_COUNT - 1> output_pool_;
   std::function<void()> rx_callback_{};
   CdcEps cdc_dev_{};
   StringRef debug_prefix_{};
@@ -190,7 +193,8 @@ class USBUartComponent : public usb_host::USBClient {
   // Lock-free data transfer from USB task to main loop
   static constexpr int USB_DATA_QUEUE_SIZE = 32;
   LockFreeQueue<UsbDataChunk, USB_DATA_QUEUE_SIZE> usb_data_queue_;
-  EventPool<UsbDataChunk, USB_DATA_QUEUE_SIZE> chunk_pool_;
+  // Pool sized to queue capacity (SIZE-1) — see USBUartChannel::output_pool_ comment.
+  EventPool<UsbDataChunk, USB_DATA_QUEUE_SIZE - 1> chunk_pool_;
 
  protected:
   std::vector<USBUartChannel *> channels_{};

From ccf672d7ee37389dcd85f46f49ca0a5b5471f3d0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Tue, 17 Mar 2026 12:24:02 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 597/609] [esp32_ble] Fix EventPool/LockFreeQueue sizing
 off-by-one (#14892)

---
 esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp | 3 ++-
 esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h   | 8 +++++++-
 2 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp
index ff9d9bb15a..fee1c546be 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp
@@ -575,8 +575,9 @@ template<typename... Args> void enqueue_ble_event(Args... args) {
   load_ble_event(event, args...);
 
   // Push the event to the queue
+  // Push always succeeds: pool is sized to queue capacity (N-1), so if
+  // allocate() returned non-null, the queue is guaranteed to have room.
   global_ble->ble_events_.push(event);
-  // Push always succeeds because we're the only producer and the pool ensures we never exceed queue size
 }
 
 // Explicit template instantiations for the friend function
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h
index 04bec3f785..752ddc9d1f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h
@@ -221,7 +221,13 @@ class ESP32BLE : public Component {
 
   // Large objects (size depends on template parameters, but typically aligned to 4 bytes)
   esphome::LockFreeQueue<BLEEvent, MAX_BLE_QUEUE_SIZE> ble_events_;
-  esphome::EventPool<BLEEvent, MAX_BLE_QUEUE_SIZE> ble_event_pool_;
+  // Pool sized to queue capacity (SIZE-1) because LockFreeQueue<T,N> is a ring
+  // buffer that holds N-1 elements (one slot distinguishes full from empty).
+  // This guarantees allocate() returns nullptr before push() can fail, which:
+  //  1. Prevents leaking a pool slot (the Nth allocate succeeds but push fails)
+  //  2. Avoids needing release() on the producer path after a failed push(),
+  //     preserving the SPSC contract on the pool's internal free list
+  esphome::EventPool<BLEEvent, MAX_BLE_QUEUE_SIZE - 1> ble_event_pool_;
 
   // 4-byte aligned members
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_ADVERTISING

From 80bd6489cf12c6eadafe02604facb7f841cc5600 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Tue, 17 Mar 2026 13:38:41 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 598/609] [esp32_ble_server] Remove vestigial semaphore from
 BLECharacteristic (#14900)

---
 .../components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.cpp | 10 +---------
 .../components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.h   |  4 ----
 2 files changed, 1 insertion(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.cpp
index 1806354712..aa82b773ba 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.cpp
@@ -16,13 +16,9 @@ BLECharacteristic::~BLECharacteristic() {
   for (auto *descriptor : this->descriptors_) {
     delete descriptor;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
   }
-  vSemaphoreDelete(this->set_value_lock_);
 }
 
 BLECharacteristic::BLECharacteristic(const ESPBTUUID uuid, uint32_t properties) : uuid_(uuid) {
-  this->set_value_lock_ = xSemaphoreCreateBinary();
-  xSemaphoreGive(this->set_value_lock_);
-
   this->properties_ = (esp_gatt_char_prop_t) 0;
 
   this->set_broadcast_property((properties & PROPERTY_BROADCAST) != 0);
@@ -35,11 +31,7 @@ BLECharacteristic::BLECharacteristic(const ESPBTUUID uuid, uint32_t properties)
 
 void BLECharacteristic::set_value(ByteBuffer buffer) { this->set_value(buffer.get_data()); }
 
-void BLECharacteristic::set_value(std::vector<uint8_t> &&buffer) {
-  xSemaphoreTake(this->set_value_lock_, 0L);
-  this->value_ = std::move(buffer);
-  xSemaphoreGive(this->set_value_lock_);
-}
+void BLECharacteristic::set_value(std::vector<uint8_t> &&buffer) { this->value_ = std::move(buffer); }
 
 void BLECharacteristic::set_value(std::initializer_list<uint8_t> data) {
   this->set_value(std::vector<uint8_t>(data));  // Delegate to move overload
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.h b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.h
index 72897d1dfb..062052cdf8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.h
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.h
@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@
 #include <esp_gattc_api.h>
 #include <esp_gatts_api.h>
 #include <esp_bt_defs.h>
-#include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
-#include <freertos/semphr.h>
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace esp32_ble_server {
@@ -84,8 +82,6 @@ class BLECharacteristic {
 
   uint16_t value_read_offset_{0};
   std::vector<uint8_t> value_;
-  SemaphoreHandle_t set_value_lock_;
-
   std::vector<BLEDescriptor *> descriptors_;
 
   struct ClientNotificationEntry {

From be2e4a5278a83155fa3128e68c4b9824c311f1cf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Tue, 17 Mar 2026 13:49:24 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 599/609] [mqtt] Fix data race on inbound event queue (#14891)

Co-authored-by: Jesse Hills <3060199+jesserockz@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .../components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp32.cpp    | 34 ++++++---
 esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp32.h  | 69 +++++++++++--------
 2 files changed, 66 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp32.cpp
index 5642fd5f7b..ab067c4418 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp32.cpp
@@ -82,10 +82,16 @@ bool MQTTBackendESP32::initialize_() {
 void MQTTBackendESP32::loop() {
   // process new events
   // handle only 1 message per loop iteration
-  if (!mqtt_events_.empty()) {
-    auto &event = mqtt_events_.front();
-    mqtt_event_handler_(event);
-    mqtt_events_.pop();
+  Event *event = this->mqtt_event_queue_.pop();
+  if (event != nullptr) {
+    this->mqtt_event_handler_(*event);
+    this->mqtt_event_pool_.release(event);
+  }
+
+  // Log dropped inbound events (check is cheap - single atomic load in common case)
+  uint16_t inbound_dropped = this->mqtt_event_queue_.get_and_reset_dropped_count();
+  if (inbound_dropped > 0) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Dropped %u inbound MQTT events", inbound_dropped);
   }
 
 #if defined(USE_MQTT_IDF_ENQUEUE)
@@ -183,10 +189,18 @@ void MQTTBackendESP32::mqtt_event_handler_(const Event &event) {
 void MQTTBackendESP32::mqtt_event_handler(void *handler_args, esp_event_base_t base, int32_t event_id,
                                           void *event_data) {
   MQTTBackendESP32 *instance = static_cast<MQTTBackendESP32 *>(handler_args);
-  // queue event to decouple processing
+  // queue event to decouple processing from ESP-IDF MQTT task to main loop
   if (instance) {
-    auto event = *static_cast<esp_mqtt_event_t *>(event_data);
-    instance->mqtt_events_.emplace(event);
+    auto *event = instance->mqtt_event_pool_.allocate();
+    if (event == nullptr) {
+      // Pool exhausted, drop event (counted via queue's dropped counter)
+      instance->mqtt_event_queue_.increment_dropped_count();
+      return;
+    }
+    event->populate(*static_cast<esp_mqtt_event_t *>(event_data));
+    // Push always succeeds: pool is sized to queue capacity (SIZE-1), so if
+    // allocate() returned non-null, the queue cannot be full.
+    instance->mqtt_event_queue_.push(event);
 
     // Wake main loop immediately to process MQTT event instead of waiting for select() timeout
 #if defined(USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT) && defined(USE_WAKE_LOOP_THREADSAFE)
@@ -226,14 +240,14 @@ void MQTTBackendESP32::esphome_mqtt_task(void *params) {
             break;
         }
       }
-      this_mqtt->mqtt_event_pool_.release(elem);
+      this_mqtt->mqtt_outbound_pool_.release(elem);
     }
   }
 }
 
 bool MQTTBackendESP32::enqueue_(MqttQueueTypeT type, const char *topic, int qos, bool retain, const char *payload,
                                 size_t len) {
-  auto *elem = this->mqtt_event_pool_.allocate();
+  auto *elem = this->mqtt_outbound_pool_.allocate();
 
   if (!elem) {
     // Queue is full - increment counter but don't log immediately.
@@ -253,7 +267,7 @@ bool MQTTBackendESP32::enqueue_(MqttQueueTypeT type, const char *topic, int qos,
   // Use the helper to allocate and copy data
   if (!elem->set_data(topic, payload, len)) {
     // Allocation failed, return elem to pool
-    this->mqtt_event_pool_.release(elem);
+    this->mqtt_outbound_pool_.release(elem);
     // Increment counter without logging to avoid cascade effect during memory pressure
     this->mqtt_queue_.increment_dropped_count();
     return false;
diff --git a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp32.h b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp32.h
index 5c4dc413bd..58d1b29b32 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp32.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_backend_esp32.h
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 
 #include <string>
-#include <queue>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <mqtt_client.h>
 #include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
@@ -18,32 +17,39 @@
 namespace esphome::mqtt {
 
 struct Event {
-  esp_mqtt_event_id_t event_id;
+  esp_mqtt_event_id_t event_id{};
   std::vector<char> data;
-  int total_data_len;
-  int current_data_offset;
+  int total_data_len{0};
+  int current_data_offset{0};
   std::string topic;
-  int msg_id;
-  bool retain;
-  int qos;
-  bool dup;
-  bool session_present;
-  esp_mqtt_error_codes_t error_handle;
+  int msg_id{0};
+  bool retain{false};
+  int qos{0};
+  bool dup{false};
+  bool session_present{false};
+  esp_mqtt_error_codes_t error_handle{};
 
-  // Construct from esp_mqtt_event_t
-  // Any pointer values that are unsafe to keep are converted to safe copies
-  Event(const esp_mqtt_event_t &event)
-      : event_id(event.event_id),
-        data(event.data, event.data + event.data_len),
-        total_data_len(event.total_data_len),
-        current_data_offset(event.current_data_offset),
-        topic(event.topic, event.topic_len),
-        msg_id(event.msg_id),
-        retain(event.retain),
-        qos(event.qos),
-        dup(event.dup),
-        session_present(event.session_present),
-        error_handle(*event.error_handle) {}
+  // Populate from esp_mqtt_event_t
+  // Copies pointer-based data to owned storage for safe cross-thread transfer
+  void populate(const esp_mqtt_event_t &event) {
+    this->event_id = event.event_id;
+    this->data.assign(event.data, event.data + event.data_len);
+    this->total_data_len = event.total_data_len;
+    this->current_data_offset = event.current_data_offset;
+    this->topic.assign(event.topic, event.topic_len);
+    this->msg_id = event.msg_id;
+    this->retain = event.retain;
+    this->qos = event.qos;
+    this->dup = event.dup;
+    this->session_present = event.session_present;
+    this->error_handle = *event.error_handle;
+  }
+
+  // Release owned resources for pool reuse (keeps allocated capacity for efficiency)
+  void release() {
+    this->data.clear();
+    this->topic.clear();
+  }
 };
 
 enum MqttQueueTypeT : uint8_t {
@@ -118,7 +124,8 @@ class MQTTBackendESP32 final : public MQTTBackend {
   static constexpr size_t TASK_STACK_SIZE = 3072;
   static constexpr size_t TASK_STACK_SIZE_TLS = 4096;  // Larger stack for TLS operations
   static constexpr ssize_t TASK_PRIORITY = 5;
-  static constexpr uint8_t MQTT_QUEUE_LENGTH = 30;  // 30*12 bytes = 360
+  static constexpr uint8_t MQTT_QUEUE_LENGTH = 30;        // 30*12 bytes = 360
+  static constexpr uint8_t MQTT_EVENT_QUEUE_LENGTH = 32;  // Inbound events from broker
 
   void set_keep_alive(uint16_t keep_alive) final { this->keep_alive_ = keep_alive; }
   void set_client_id(const char *client_id) final { this->client_id_ = client_id; }
@@ -251,7 +258,8 @@ class MQTTBackendESP32 final : public MQTTBackend {
   bool skip_cert_cn_check_{false};
 #if defined(USE_MQTT_IDF_ENQUEUE)
   static void esphome_mqtt_task(void *params);
-  EventPool<struct QueueElement, MQTT_QUEUE_LENGTH> mqtt_event_pool_;
+  // Pool sized to queue capacity (SIZE-1) — see mqtt_event_pool_ comment.
+  EventPool<struct QueueElement, MQTT_QUEUE_LENGTH - 1> mqtt_outbound_pool_;
   NotifyingLockFreeQueue<struct QueueElement, MQTT_QUEUE_LENGTH> mqtt_queue_;
   TaskHandle_t task_handle_{nullptr};
   bool enqueue_(MqttQueueTypeT type, const char *topic, int qos = 0, bool retain = false, const char *payload = NULL,
@@ -266,7 +274,14 @@ class MQTTBackendESP32 final : public MQTTBackend {
   CallbackManager<on_message_callback_t> on_message_;
   CallbackManager<on_publish_user_callback_t> on_publish_;
   std::string cached_topic_;
-  std::queue<Event> mqtt_events_;
+  // Pool sized to queue capacity (SIZE-1) because LockFreeQueue<T,N> is a ring
+  // buffer that holds N-1 elements (one slot distinguishes full from empty).
+  // This guarantees allocate() returns nullptr before push() can fail, which:
+  //  1. Prevents leaking a pool slot (the Nth allocate succeeds but push fails)
+  //  2. Avoids needing release() on the producer path after a failed push(),
+  //     preserving the SPSC contract on the pool's internal free list
+  EventPool<Event, MQTT_EVENT_QUEUE_LENGTH - 1> mqtt_event_pool_;
+  LockFreeQueue<Event, MQTT_EVENT_QUEUE_LENGTH> mqtt_event_queue_;
 
 #if defined(USE_MQTT_IDF_ENQUEUE)
   uint32_t last_dropped_log_time_{0};

From 0fa96b6e1ea76b46a19d8cc4f847dcea3606452a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Tue, 17 Mar 2026 14:19:31 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 600/609] [scheduler] Fix UB in cross-thread counter/vector
 reads, add atomic fast-path (#14880)

Co-authored-by: Copilot Autofix powered by AI <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci-lite[bot] <117423508+pre-commit-ci-lite[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 esphome/core/scheduler.cpp |  48 ++++++-----
 esphome/core/scheduler.h   | 159 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---
 2 files changed, 177 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp b/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
index 63e1006b03..8c4ff0ddb5 100644
--- a/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
@@ -211,6 +211,14 @@ void HOT Scheduler::set_timer_common_(Component *component, SchedulerItem::Type
     this->cancel_item_locked_(component, name_type, static_name, hash_or_id, type);
   }
   target->push_back(item);
+  if (target == &this->to_add_) {
+    this->to_add_count_increment_();
+  }
+#ifndef ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE
+  else {
+    this->defer_count_increment_();
+  }
+#endif
 }
 
 void HOT Scheduler::set_timeout(Component *component, const char *name, uint32_t timeout,
@@ -387,7 +395,7 @@ optional<uint32_t> HOT Scheduler::next_schedule_in(uint32_t now) {
   // safe when called from the main thread. Other threads must not call this method.
 
   // If no items, return empty optional
-  if (this->cleanup_() == 0)
+  if (!this->cleanup_())
     return {};
 
   SchedulerItem *item = this->items_[0];
@@ -421,7 +429,7 @@ void Scheduler::full_cleanup_removed_items_() {
   this->items_.erase(this->items_.begin() + write, this->items_.end());
   // Rebuild the heap structure since items are no longer in heap order
   std::make_heap(this->items_.begin(), this->items_.end(), SchedulerItem::cmp);
-  this->to_remove_ = 0;
+  this->to_remove_clear_();
 }
 
 #ifndef ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE
@@ -502,7 +510,7 @@ void HOT Scheduler::call(uint32_t now) {
 
   // If we still have too many cancelled items, do a full cleanup
   // This only happens if cancelled items are stuck in the middle/bottom of the heap
-  if (this->to_remove_ >= MAX_LOGICALLY_DELETED_ITEMS) {
+  if (this->to_remove_count_() >= MAX_LOGICALLY_DELETED_ITEMS) {
     this->full_cleanup_removed_items_();
   }
   while (!this->items_.empty()) {
@@ -529,7 +537,7 @@ void HOT Scheduler::call(uint32_t now) {
       LockGuard guard{this->lock_};
       if (is_item_removed_locked_(item)) {
         this->recycle_item_main_loop_(this->pop_raw_locked_());
-        this->to_remove_--;
+        this->to_remove_decrement_();
         continue;
       }
     }
@@ -538,7 +546,7 @@ void HOT Scheduler::call(uint32_t now) {
     if (is_item_removed_(item)) {
       LockGuard guard{this->lock_};
       this->recycle_item_main_loop_(this->pop_raw_locked_());
-      this->to_remove_--;
+      this->to_remove_decrement_();
       continue;
     }
 #endif
@@ -566,7 +574,7 @@ void HOT Scheduler::call(uint32_t now) {
 
     if (this->is_item_removed_locked_(executed_item)) {
       // We were removed/cancelled in the function call, recycle and continue
-      this->to_remove_--;
+      this->to_remove_decrement_();
       this->recycle_item_main_loop_(executed_item);
       continue;
     }
@@ -576,6 +584,7 @@ void HOT Scheduler::call(uint32_t now) {
       // Add new item directly to to_add_
       // since we have the lock held
       this->to_add_.push_back(executed_item);
+      this->to_add_count_increment_();
     } else {
       // Timeout completed - recycle it
       this->recycle_item_main_loop_(executed_item);
@@ -604,6 +613,10 @@ void HOT Scheduler::call(uint32_t now) {
 #endif
 }
 void HOT Scheduler::process_to_add() {
+  // Fast path: skip lock acquisition when nothing to add.
+  // Worst case is a one-loop-iteration delay before newly added items are processed.
+  if (this->to_add_empty_())
+    return;
   LockGuard guard{this->lock_};
   for (auto *&it : this->to_add_) {
     if (is_item_removed_locked_(it)) {
@@ -617,17 +630,14 @@ void HOT Scheduler::process_to_add() {
     std::push_heap(this->items_.begin(), this->items_.end(), SchedulerItem::cmp);
   }
   this->to_add_.clear();
+  this->to_add_count_clear_();
 }
-size_t HOT Scheduler::cleanup_() {
-  // Fast path: if nothing to remove, just return the current size
-  // Reading to_remove_ without lock is safe because:
-  // 1. We only call this from the main thread during call()
-  // 2. If it's 0, there's definitely nothing to cleanup
-  // 3. If it becomes non-zero after we check, cleanup will happen on the next loop iteration
-  // 4. Not all platforms support atomics, so we accept this race in favor of performance
-  // 5. The worst case is a one-loop-iteration delay in cleanup, which is harmless
-  if (this->to_remove_ == 0)
-    return this->items_.size();
+bool HOT Scheduler::cleanup_() {
+  // Fast path: if nothing to remove, just check if items exist.
+  // Uses atomic load on platforms with atomics, falls back to always taking the lock otherwise.
+  // Worst case is a one-loop-iteration delay in cleanup.
+  if (this->to_remove_empty_())
+    return !this->items_.empty();
 
   // We must hold the lock for the entire cleanup operation because:
   // 1. We're modifying items_ (via pop_raw_locked_) which requires exclusive access
@@ -642,10 +652,10 @@ size_t HOT Scheduler::cleanup_() {
     SchedulerItem *item = this->items_[0];
     if (!this->is_item_removed_locked_(item))
       break;
-    this->to_remove_--;
+    this->to_remove_decrement_();
     this->recycle_item_main_loop_(this->pop_raw_locked_());
   }
-  return this->items_.size();
+  return !this->items_.empty();
 }
 Scheduler::SchedulerItem *HOT Scheduler::pop_raw_locked_() {
   std::pop_heap(this->items_.begin(), this->items_.end(), SchedulerItem::cmp);
@@ -698,7 +708,7 @@ bool HOT Scheduler::cancel_item_locked_(Component *component, NameType name_type
     size_t heap_cancelled = this->mark_matching_items_removed_locked_(this->items_, component, name_type, static_name,
                                                                       hash_or_id, type, match_retry);
     total_cancelled += heap_cancelled;
-    this->to_remove_ += heap_cancelled;
+    this->to_remove_add_(heap_cancelled);
   }
 
   // Cancel items in to_add_
diff --git a/esphome/core/scheduler.h b/esphome/core/scheduler.h
index 0476513bb9..e545055fca 100644
--- a/esphome/core/scheduler.h
+++ b/esphome/core/scheduler.h
@@ -284,9 +284,9 @@ class Scheduler {
 #endif
   }
   // Cleanup logically deleted items from the scheduler
-  // Returns the number of items remaining after cleanup
+  // Returns true if items remain after cleanup
   // IMPORTANT: This method should only be called from the main thread (loop task).
-  size_t cleanup_();
+  bool cleanup_();
   // Remove and return the front item from the heap as a raw pointer.
   // Caller takes ownership and must either recycle or delete the item.
   // IMPORTANT: Caller must hold the scheduler lock before calling this function.
@@ -395,15 +395,9 @@ class Scheduler {
     // erase() on every pop, which would be O(n). The queue is processed once per loop -
     // any items added during processing are left for the next loop iteration.
 
-    // Snapshot the queue end point - only process items that existed at loop start
-    // Items added during processing (by callbacks or other threads) run next loop
-    // No lock needed: single consumer (main loop), stale read just means we process less this iteration
-    size_t defer_queue_end = this->defer_queue_.size();
-
     // Fast path: nothing to process, avoid lock entirely.
-    // Safe without lock: single consumer (main loop) reads front_, and a stale size() read
-    // from a concurrent push can only make us see fewer items — they'll be processed next loop.
-    if (this->defer_queue_front_ >= defer_queue_end)
+    // Worst case is a one-loop-iteration delay before newly deferred items are processed.
+    if (this->defer_empty_())
       return;
 
     // Merge lock acquisitions: instead of separate locks for move-out and recycle (2N+1 total),
@@ -412,6 +406,13 @@ class Scheduler {
     SchedulerItem *item;
 
     this->lock_.lock();
+    // Reset counter and snapshot queue end under lock
+    this->defer_count_clear_();
+    size_t defer_queue_end = this->defer_queue_.size();
+    if (this->defer_queue_front_ >= defer_queue_end) {
+      this->lock_.unlock();
+      return;
+    }
     while (this->defer_queue_front_ < defer_queue_end) {
       // Take ownership of the item, leaving nullptr in the vector slot.
       // This is safe because:
@@ -527,14 +528,150 @@ class Scheduler {
   Mutex lock_;
   std::vector<SchedulerItem *> items_;
   std::vector<SchedulerItem *> to_add_;
+
+#ifndef ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE
+  // Fast-path counter for process_to_add() to skip taking the lock when there is
+  // nothing to add. Uses std::atomic on platforms that support it, plain uint32_t
+  // otherwise. On non-atomic platforms, callers must hold the scheduler lock when
+  // mutating this counter. Not needed on single-threaded platforms where we can
+  // check to_add_.empty() directly.
+#ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS
+  std::atomic<uint32_t> to_add_count_{0};
+#else
+  uint32_t to_add_count_{0};
+#endif
+#endif /* ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE */
+
+  // Fast-path helper for process_to_add() to decide if it can try the lock-free path.
+  // - On ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE: direct container check is safe (no concurrent writers).
+  // - On ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS: performs a lock-free check via to_add_count_.
+  // - On ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_NO_ATOMICS: always returns false to force the caller
+  //   down the locked path; this is NOT a lock-free emptiness check on that platform.
+  bool to_add_empty_() const {
+#ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE
+    return this->to_add_.empty();
+#elif defined(ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS)
+    return this->to_add_count_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) == 0;
+#else
+  return false;
+#endif
+  }
+
+  // Increment to_add_count_ (no-op on single-threaded platforms)
+  void to_add_count_increment_() {
+#ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE
+    // No counter needed — to_add_empty_() checks the vector directly
+#elif defined(ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS)
+    this->to_add_count_.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+#else
+  this->to_add_count_++;
+#endif
+  }
+
+  // Reset to_add_count_ (no-op on single-threaded platforms)
+  void to_add_count_clear_() {
+#ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE
+    // No counter needed — to_add_empty_() checks the vector directly
+#elif defined(ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS)
+    this->to_add_count_.store(0, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+#else
+  this->to_add_count_ = 0;
+#endif
+  }
+
 #ifndef ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE
   // Single-core platforms don't need the defer queue and save ~32 bytes of RAM
   // Using std::vector instead of std::deque avoids 512-byte chunked allocations
   // Index tracking avoids O(n) erase() calls when draining the queue each loop
   std::vector<SchedulerItem *> defer_queue_;  // FIFO queue for defer() calls
   size_t defer_queue_front_{0};               // Index of first valid item in defer_queue_ (tracks consumed items)
-#endif                                        /* ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE */
+
+  // Fast-path counter for process_defer_queue_() to skip lock when nothing to process.
+#ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS
+  std::atomic<uint32_t> defer_count_{0};
+#else
+  uint32_t defer_count_{0};
+#endif
+
+  bool defer_empty_() const {
+    // defer_queue_ only exists on multi-threaded platforms, so no ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE path
+    // ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_NO_ATOMICS: always take the lock
+#ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS
+    return this->defer_count_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) == 0;
+#else
+    return false;
+#endif
+  }
+
+  void defer_count_increment_() {
+#ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS
+    this->defer_count_.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+#else
+    this->defer_count_++;
+#endif
+  }
+
+  void defer_count_clear_() {
+#ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS
+    this->defer_count_.store(0, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+#else
+    this->defer_count_ = 0;
+#endif
+  }
+
+#endif /* ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE */
+
+  // Counter for items marked for removal. Incremented cross-thread in cancel_item_locked_().
+  // On ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS this is read without a lock in the cleanup_() fast path;
+  // on ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_NO_ATOMICS the fast path is disabled so cleanup_() always takes the lock.
+#ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS
+  std::atomic<uint32_t> to_remove_{0};
+#else
   uint32_t to_remove_{0};
+#endif
+
+  // Lock-free check if there are items to remove (for fast-path in cleanup_)
+  bool to_remove_empty_() const {
+#ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS
+    return this->to_remove_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) == 0;
+#elif defined(ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE)
+    return this->to_remove_ == 0;
+#else
+  return false;  // Always take the lock path
+#endif
+  }
+
+  void to_remove_add_(uint32_t count) {
+#ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS
+    this->to_remove_.fetch_add(count, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+#else
+    this->to_remove_ += count;
+#endif
+  }
+
+  void to_remove_decrement_() {
+#ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS
+    this->to_remove_.fetch_sub(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+#else
+    this->to_remove_--;
+#endif
+  }
+
+  void to_remove_clear_() {
+#ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS
+    this->to_remove_.store(0, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+#else
+    this->to_remove_ = 0;
+#endif
+  }
+
+  uint32_t to_remove_count_() const {
+#ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS
+    return this->to_remove_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+#else
+    return this->to_remove_;
+#endif
+  }
 
   // Memory pool for recycling SchedulerItem objects to reduce heap churn.
   // Design decisions:

From 5cc03d9befb7326fe708e7368778416eddd47253 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jesse Hills <3060199+jesserockz@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2026 13:35:21 +1300
Subject: [PATCH 601/609] Bump version to 2026.3.0b4

---
 Doxyfile         | 2 +-
 esphome/const.py | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Doxyfile b/Doxyfile
index 96295b3fc8..ea34106f36 100644
--- a/Doxyfile
+++ b/Doxyfile
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ PROJECT_NAME           = ESPHome
 # could be handy for archiving the generated documentation or if some version
 # control system is used.
 
-PROJECT_NUMBER         = 2026.3.0b3
+PROJECT_NUMBER         = 2026.3.0b4
 
 # Using the PROJECT_BRIEF tag one can provide an optional one line description
 # for a project that appears at the top of each page and should give viewer a
diff --git a/esphome/const.py b/esphome/const.py
index 561a27d228..4ba8b1a23f 100644
--- a/esphome/const.py
+++ b/esphome/const.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from enum import Enum
 
 from esphome.enum import StrEnum
 
-__version__ = "2026.3.0b3"
+__version__ = "2026.3.0b4"
 
 ALLOWED_NAME_CHARS = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_"
 VALID_SUBSTITUTIONS_CHARACTERS = (

From 6cf32af33f4ec92d0b06939129be8c7cb254cb59 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Mar 2026 15:57:53 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 602/609] [seeed_mr24hpc1] Fix frame parser length handling
 bugs (#14863)

---
 esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/seeed_mr24hpc1.cpp | 11 ++++-------
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/seeed_mr24hpc1.cpp b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/seeed_mr24hpc1.cpp
index 263603704a..c9fe3a2e6e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/seeed_mr24hpc1.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/seeed_mr24hpc1.cpp
@@ -297,19 +297,17 @@ void MR24HPC1Component::r24_split_data_frame_(uint8_t value) {
       this->sg_recv_data_state_ = FRAME_DATA_LEN_H;
       break;
     case FRAME_DATA_LEN_H:
-      if (value <= 4) {
-        this->sg_data_len_ = value * 256;
+      if (value == 0) {
         this->sg_frame_buf_[4] = value;
         this->sg_recv_data_state_ = FRAME_DATA_LEN_L;
       } else {
-        this->sg_data_len_ = 0;
         this->sg_recv_data_state_ = FRAME_IDLE;
         ESP_LOGD(TAG, "FRAME_DATA_LEN_H ERROR value:%x", value);
       }
       break;
     case FRAME_DATA_LEN_L:
-      this->sg_data_len_ += value;
-      if (this->sg_data_len_ > 32) {
+      this->sg_data_len_ = value;
+      if (this->sg_data_len_ == 0 || this->sg_data_len_ > 32) {
         ESP_LOGD(TAG, "len=%d, FRAME_DATA_LEN_L ERROR value:%x", this->sg_data_len_, value);
         this->sg_data_len_ = 0;
         this->sg_recv_data_state_ = FRAME_IDLE;
@@ -320,9 +318,8 @@ void MR24HPC1Component::r24_split_data_frame_(uint8_t value) {
       }
       break;
     case FRAME_DATA_BYTES:
-      this->sg_data_len_ -= 1;
       this->sg_frame_buf_[this->sg_frame_len_++] = value;
-      if (this->sg_data_len_ <= 0) {
+      if (--this->sg_data_len_ == 0) {
         this->sg_recv_data_state_ = FRAME_DATA_CRC;
       }
       break;

From 91e66cfd9d7e3a31ca4a0923463dcc107de321d1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Mar 2026 16:28:13 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 603/609] [gree] Fix IR checksum for YAA/YAC/YAC1FB9/GENERIC
 models (#14888)

---
 esphome/components/gree/gree.cpp | 9 +--------
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/gree/gree.cpp b/esphome/components/gree/gree.cpp
index 8a9f264932..732ebd9632 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gree/gree.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/gree/gree.cpp
@@ -87,19 +87,12 @@ void GreeClimate::transmit_state() {
   // Calculate the checksum
   if (this->model_ == GREE_YAN || this->model_ == GREE_YX1FF) {
     remote_state[7] = ((remote_state[0] << 4) + (remote_state[1] << 4) + 0xC0);
-  } else if (this->model_ == GREE_YAG) {
+  } else {
     remote_state[7] =
         ((((remote_state[0] & 0x0F) + (remote_state[1] & 0x0F) + (remote_state[2] & 0x0F) + (remote_state[3] & 0x0F) +
            ((remote_state[4] & 0xF0) >> 4) + ((remote_state[5] & 0xF0) >> 4) + ((remote_state[6] & 0xF0) >> 4) + 0x0A) &
           0x0F)
          << 4);
-  } else {
-    remote_state[7] =
-        ((((remote_state[0] & 0x0F) + (remote_state[1] & 0x0F) + (remote_state[2] & 0x0F) + (remote_state[3] & 0x0F) +
-           ((remote_state[5] & 0xF0) >> 4) + ((remote_state[6] & 0xF0) >> 4) + ((remote_state[7] & 0xF0) >> 4) + 0x0A) &
-          0x0F)
-         << 4) |
-        (remote_state[7] & 0x0F);
   }
 
   auto transmit = this->transmitter_->transmit();

From 4cb93d4df8c3661158ffb7e96966eccdb08bedad Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Mar 2026 19:46:26 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 604/609] [sensor][ee895][hdc2010] Fix misc bugs found during
 component scan (#14890)

---
 esphome/components/ee895/ee895.cpp     | 15 ++---
 esphome/components/hdc2010/hdc2010.cpp | 76 +++++++++++---------------
 esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py  | 10 ++--
 3 files changed, 43 insertions(+), 58 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/ee895/ee895.cpp b/esphome/components/ee895/ee895.cpp
index 22f28be9bc..93e5d4203b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ee895/ee895.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ee895/ee895.cpp
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ void EE895Component::setup() {
   this->read(serial_number, 20);
 
   crc16_check = (serial_number[19] << 8) + serial_number[18];
-  if (crc16_check != calc_crc16_(serial_number, 19)) {
+  if (crc16_check != calc_crc16_(serial_number, 18)) {
     this->error_code_ = CRC_CHECK_FAILED;
     this->mark_failed();
     return;
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ void EE895Component::write_command_(uint16_t addr, uint16_t reg_cnt) {
   address[2] = addr & 0xFF;
   address[3] = (reg_cnt >> 8) & 0xFF;
   address[4] = reg_cnt & 0xFF;
-  crc16 = calc_crc16_(address, 6);
+  crc16 = calc_crc16_(address, 5);
   address[5] = crc16 & 0xFF;
   address[6] = (crc16 >> 8) & 0xFF;
   this->write(address, 7);
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ float EE895Component::read_float_() {
   uint8_t i2c_response[8];
   this->read(i2c_response, 8);
   crc16_check = (i2c_response[7] << 8) + i2c_response[6];
-  if (crc16_check != calc_crc16_(i2c_response, 7)) {
+  if (crc16_check != calc_crc16_(i2c_response, 6)) {
     this->error_code_ = CRC_CHECK_FAILED;
     this->status_set_warning();
     return 0;
@@ -107,12 +107,9 @@ float EE895Component::read_float_() {
 }
 
 uint16_t EE895Component::calc_crc16_(const uint8_t buf[], uint8_t len) {
-  uint8_t crc_check_buf[22];
-  for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-    crc_check_buf[i + 1] = buf[i];
-  }
-  crc_check_buf[0] = this->address_;
-  return crc16(crc_check_buf, len);
+  uint8_t addr = this->address_;
+  uint16_t crc = crc16(&addr, 1);
+  return crc16(buf, len, crc);
 }
 }  // namespace ee895
 }  // namespace esphome
diff --git a/esphome/components/hdc2010/hdc2010.cpp b/esphome/components/hdc2010/hdc2010.cpp
index c53fdb3f5b..0334b30eec 100644
--- a/esphome/components/hdc2010/hdc2010.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/hdc2010/hdc2010.cpp
@@ -7,50 +7,36 @@ namespace hdc2010 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "hdc2010";
 
-static const uint8_t HDC2010_ADDRESS = 0x40;  // 0b1000000 or 0b1000001 from datasheet
-static const uint8_t HDC2010_CMD_CONFIGURATION_MEASUREMENT = 0x8F;
-static const uint8_t HDC2010_CMD_START_MEASUREMENT = 0xF9;
-static const uint8_t HDC2010_CMD_TEMPERATURE_LOW = 0x00;
-static const uint8_t HDC2010_CMD_TEMPERATURE_HIGH = 0x01;
-static const uint8_t HDC2010_CMD_HUMIDITY_LOW = 0x02;
-static const uint8_t HDC2010_CMD_HUMIDITY_HIGH = 0x03;
-static const uint8_t CONFIG = 0x0E;
-static const uint8_t MEASUREMENT_CONFIG = 0x0F;
+// Register addresses
+static constexpr uint8_t REG_TEMPERATURE_LOW = 0x00;
+static constexpr uint8_t REG_TEMPERATURE_HIGH = 0x01;
+static constexpr uint8_t REG_HUMIDITY_LOW = 0x02;
+static constexpr uint8_t REG_HUMIDITY_HIGH = 0x03;
+static constexpr uint8_t REG_RESET_DRDY_INT_CONF = 0x0E;
+static constexpr uint8_t REG_MEASUREMENT_CONF = 0x0F;
+
+// REG_MEASUREMENT_CONF (0x0F) bit masks
+static constexpr uint8_t MEAS_TRIG = 0x01;       // Bit 0: measurement trigger
+static constexpr uint8_t MEAS_CONF_MASK = 0x06;  // Bits 2:1: measurement mode
+static constexpr uint8_t HRES_MASK = 0x30;       // Bits 5:4: humidity resolution
+static constexpr uint8_t TRES_MASK = 0xC0;       // Bits 7:6: temperature resolution
+
+// REG_RESET_DRDY_INT_CONF (0x0E) bit masks
+static constexpr uint8_t AMM_MASK = 0x70;  // Bits 6:4: auto measurement mode
 
 void HDC2010Component::setup() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Running setup");
 
-  const uint8_t data[2] = {
-      0b00000000,  // resolution 14bit for both humidity and temperature
-      0b00000000   // reserved
-  };
-
-  if (!this->write_bytes(HDC2010_CMD_CONFIGURATION_MEASUREMENT, data, 2)) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Initial config instruction error");
-    this->status_set_warning();
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // Set measurement mode to temperature and humidity
+  // Set 14-bit resolution for both sensors and measurement mode to temp + humidity
   uint8_t config_contents;
-  this->read_register(MEASUREMENT_CONFIG, &config_contents, 1);
-  config_contents = (config_contents & 0xF9);  // Always set to TEMP_AND_HUMID mode
-  this->write_bytes(MEASUREMENT_CONFIG, &config_contents, 1);
+  this->read_register(REG_MEASUREMENT_CONF, &config_contents, 1);
+  config_contents &= ~(TRES_MASK | HRES_MASK | MEAS_CONF_MASK);  // 14-bit temp, 14-bit humidity, temp+humidity mode
+  this->write_bytes(REG_MEASUREMENT_CONF, &config_contents, 1);
 
-  // Set rate to manual
-  this->read_register(CONFIG, &config_contents, 1);
-  config_contents &= 0x8F;
-  this->write_bytes(CONFIG, &config_contents, 1);
-
-  // Set temperature resolution to 14bit
-  this->read_register(CONFIG, &config_contents, 1);
-  config_contents &= 0x3F;
-  this->write_bytes(CONFIG, &config_contents, 1);
-
-  // Set humidity resolution to 14bit
-  this->read_register(CONFIG, &config_contents, 1);
-  config_contents &= 0xCF;
-  this->write_bytes(CONFIG, &config_contents, 1);
+  // Set auto measurement rate to manual (on-demand via MEAS_TRIG)
+  this->read_register(REG_RESET_DRDY_INT_CONF, &config_contents, 1);
+  config_contents &= ~AMM_MASK;
+  this->write_bytes(REG_RESET_DRDY_INT_CONF, &config_contents, 1);
 }
 
 void HDC2010Component::dump_config() {
@@ -67,9 +53,9 @@ void HDC2010Component::dump_config() {
 void HDC2010Component::update() {
   // Trigger measurement
   uint8_t config_contents;
-  this->read_register(CONFIG, &config_contents, 1);
-  config_contents |= 0x01;
-  this->write_bytes(MEASUREMENT_CONFIG, &config_contents, 1);
+  this->read_register(REG_MEASUREMENT_CONF, &config_contents, 1);
+  config_contents |= MEAS_TRIG;
+  this->write_bytes(REG_MEASUREMENT_CONF, &config_contents, 1);
 
   // 1ms delay after triggering the sample
   set_timeout(1, [this]() {
@@ -90,8 +76,8 @@ void HDC2010Component::update() {
 float HDC2010Component::read_temp() {
   uint8_t byte[2];
 
-  this->read_register(HDC2010_CMD_TEMPERATURE_LOW, &byte[0], 1);
-  this->read_register(HDC2010_CMD_TEMPERATURE_HIGH, &byte[1], 1);
+  this->read_register(REG_TEMPERATURE_LOW, &byte[0], 1);
+  this->read_register(REG_TEMPERATURE_HIGH, &byte[1], 1);
 
   uint16_t temp = encode_uint16(byte[1], byte[0]);
   return (float) temp * 0.0025177f - 40.0f;
@@ -100,8 +86,8 @@ float HDC2010Component::read_temp() {
 float HDC2010Component::read_humidity() {
   uint8_t byte[2];
 
-  this->read_register(HDC2010_CMD_HUMIDITY_LOW, &byte[0], 1);
-  this->read_register(HDC2010_CMD_HUMIDITY_HIGH, &byte[1], 1);
+  this->read_register(REG_HUMIDITY_LOW, &byte[0], 1);
+  this->read_register(REG_HUMIDITY_HIGH, &byte[1], 1);
 
   uint16_t humidity = encode_uint16(byte[1], byte[0]);
   return (float) humidity * 0.001525879f;
diff --git a/esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py
index 4be6ed1b84..02db381ff4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -403,10 +403,12 @@ async def filter_out_filter_to_code(config, filter_id):
 QUANTILE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.Schema(
         {
-            cv.Optional(CONF_WINDOW_SIZE, default=5): cv.positive_not_null_int,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_SEND_EVERY, default=5): cv.positive_not_null_int,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_SEND_FIRST_AT, default=1): cv.positive_not_null_int,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_QUANTILE, default=0.9): cv.zero_to_one_float,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_WINDOW_SIZE, default=5): cv.int_range(min=1, max=65535),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_SEND_EVERY, default=5): cv.int_range(min=1, max=65535),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_SEND_FIRST_AT, default=1): cv.int_range(min=1, max=65535),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_QUANTILE, default=0.9): cv.float_range(
+                min=0, min_included=False, max=1
+            ),
         }
     ),
     validate_send_first_at,

From 98d3dce6727f39dd0a0efd4fdabf0daa9b369140 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Mar 2026 23:12:13 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 605/609] [voice_assistant][micro_wake_word] Fix null deref and
 missing error return (#14906)

---
 esphome/components/micro_wake_word/streaming_model.cpp | 1 +
 esphome/components/voice_assistant/voice_assistant.cpp | 2 ++
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/streaming_model.cpp b/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/streaming_model.cpp
index 47d2c70e13..0ab6cd3772 100644
--- a/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/streaming_model.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/streaming_model.cpp
@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ bool StreamingModel::load_model_() {
     TfLiteTensor *output = this->interpreter_->output(0);
     if ((output->dims->size != 2) || (output->dims->data[0] != 1) || (output->dims->data[1] != 1)) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Streaming model tensor output dimension is not 1x1.");
+      return false;
     }
 
     if (output->type != kTfLiteUInt8) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/voice_assistant/voice_assistant.cpp b/esphome/components/voice_assistant/voice_assistant.cpp
index 51d52a8af8..15124e422f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/voice_assistant/voice_assistant.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/voice_assistant/voice_assistant.cpp
@@ -619,6 +619,8 @@ void VoiceAssistant::start_playback_timeout_() {
     this->cancel_timeout("speaker-timeout");
     this->set_state_(State::RESPONSE_FINISHED, State::RESPONSE_FINISHED);
 
+    if (this->api_client_ == nullptr)
+      return;
     api::VoiceAssistantAnnounceFinished msg;
     msg.success = true;
     this->api_client_->send_message(msg);

From fc67551edc0bfc4e5966e11b325c2d5277114df5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2026 07:48:43 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 606/609] [tc74][apds9960] Fix signed temperature and FIFO
 register address (#14907)

---
 esphome/components/apds9960/apds9960.cpp | 8 ++++----
 esphome/components/tc74/tc74.cpp         | 5 +++--
 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/apds9960/apds9960.cpp b/esphome/components/apds9960/apds9960.cpp
index 260de82d14..a07175f2c9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/apds9960/apds9960.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/apds9960/apds9960.cpp
@@ -251,11 +251,11 @@ void APDS9960::read_gesture_data_() {
 
   uint8_t buf[128];
   for (uint8_t pos = 0; pos < fifo_level * 4; pos += 32) {
-    // The ESP's i2c driver has a limited buffer size.
-    // This way of retrieving the data should be wrong according to the datasheet
-    // but it seems to work.
+    // Read in 32-byte chunks due to ESP8266 I2C buffer limit.
+    // Always read from 0xFC — the FIFO auto-increments through 0xFC-0xFF
+    // and advances its internal pointer after every 4th byte.
     uint8_t read = std::min(32, fifo_level * 4 - pos);
-    APDS9960_WARNING_CHECK(this->read_bytes(0xFC + pos, buf + pos, read), "Reading FIFO buffer failed.");
+    APDS9960_WARNING_CHECK(this->read_bytes(0xFC, buf + pos, read), "Reading FIFO buffer failed.");
   }
 
   if (millis() - this->gesture_start_ > 500) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/tc74/tc74.cpp b/esphome/components/tc74/tc74.cpp
index 969ef3671e..cb58e583dc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tc74/tc74.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/tc74/tc74.cpp
@@ -50,8 +50,9 @@ void TC74Component::read_temperature_() {
     }
   }
 
-  uint8_t temperature_reg;
-  if (this->read_register(TC74_REGISTER_TEMPERATURE, &temperature_reg, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+  int8_t temperature_reg;
+  if (this->read_register(TC74_REGISTER_TEMPERATURE, reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(&temperature_reg), 1) !=
+      i2c::ERROR_OK) {
     this->status_set_warning();
     return;
   }

From 448402ca2cb49160c66472e3464dafe2209ab47b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "J. Nick Koston" <nick@koston.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2026 07:46:18 -1000
Subject: [PATCH 607/609] [http_request] Fix data race on update_info_ strings
 in update task (#14909)

---
 .../update/http_request_update.cpp            | 222 ++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 121 insertions(+), 101 deletions(-)

diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/update/http_request_update.cpp b/esphome/components/http_request/update/http_request_update.cpp
index c40590af95..a15dc61675 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/update/http_request_update.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/update/http_request_update.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,12 @@ namespace http_request {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "http_request.update";
 
+// Wraps UpdateInfo + error for the task→main-loop handoff.
+struct TaskResult {
+  update::UpdateInfo info;
+  const LogString *error_str{nullptr};
+};
+
 static const size_t MAX_READ_SIZE = 256;
 static constexpr uint32_t INITIAL_CHECK_INTERVAL_ID = 0;
 static constexpr uint32_t INITIAL_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS = 10000;
@@ -77,134 +83,148 @@ void HttpRequestUpdate::update() {
 void HttpRequestUpdate::update_task(void *params) {
   HttpRequestUpdate *this_update = (HttpRequestUpdate *) params;
 
+  // Allocate once — every path below returns via the single defer at the end.
+  // On failure, error_str is set; on success it is nullptr.
+  auto *result = new TaskResult();
+  auto *info = &result->info;
+
   auto container = this_update->request_parent_->get(this_update->source_url_);
 
   if (container == nullptr || container->status_code != HTTP_STATUS_OK) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to fetch manifest from %s", this_update->source_url_.c_str());
-    // Defer to main loop to avoid race condition on component_state_ read-modify-write
-    this_update->defer([this_update]() { this_update->status_set_error(LOG_STR("Failed to fetch manifest")); });
-    UPDATE_RETURN;
+    if (container != nullptr)
+      container->end();
+    result->error_str = LOG_STR("Failed to fetch manifest");
+    goto defer;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-goto)
   }
 
-  RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator;
-  uint8_t *data = allocator.allocate(container->content_length);
-  if (data == nullptr) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to allocate %zu bytes for manifest", container->content_length);
-    // Defer to main loop to avoid race condition on component_state_ read-modify-write
-    this_update->defer(
-        [this_update]() { this_update->status_set_error(LOG_STR("Failed to allocate memory for manifest")); });
-    container->end();
-    UPDATE_RETURN;
-  }
-
-  auto read_result = http_read_fully(container.get(), data, container->content_length, MAX_READ_SIZE,
-                                     this_update->request_parent_->get_timeout());
-  if (read_result.status != HttpReadStatus::OK) {
-    if (read_result.status == HttpReadStatus::TIMEOUT) {
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Timeout reading manifest");
-    } else {
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error reading manifest: %d", read_result.error_code);
+  {
+    RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator;
+    uint8_t *data = allocator.allocate(container->content_length);
+    if (data == nullptr) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to allocate %zu bytes for manifest", container->content_length);
+      container->end();
+      result->error_str = LOG_STR("Failed to allocate memory for manifest");
+      goto defer;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-goto)
     }
-    // Defer to main loop to avoid race condition on component_state_ read-modify-write
-    this_update->defer([this_update]() { this_update->status_set_error(LOG_STR("Failed to read manifest")); });
-    allocator.deallocate(data, container->content_length);
-    container->end();
-    UPDATE_RETURN;
-  }
-  size_t read_index = container->get_bytes_read();
-  size_t content_length = container->content_length;
 
-  container->end();
-  container.reset();  // Release ownership of the container's shared_ptr
-
-  bool valid = false;
-  {  // Scope to ensure JsonDocument is destroyed before deallocating buffer
-    valid = json::parse_json(data, read_index, [this_update](JsonObject root) -> bool {
-      if (!root[ESPHOME_F("name")].is<const char *>() || !root[ESPHOME_F("version")].is<const char *>() ||
-          !root[ESPHOME_F("builds")].is<JsonArray>()) {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Manifest does not contain required fields");
-        return false;
+    auto read_result = http_read_fully(container.get(), data, container->content_length, MAX_READ_SIZE,
+                                       this_update->request_parent_->get_timeout());
+    if (read_result.status != HttpReadStatus::OK) {
+      if (read_result.status == HttpReadStatus::TIMEOUT) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Timeout reading manifest");
+      } else {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error reading manifest: %d", read_result.error_code);
       }
-      this_update->update_info_.title = root[ESPHOME_F("name")].as<std::string>();
-      this_update->update_info_.latest_version = root[ESPHOME_F("version")].as<std::string>();
+      allocator.deallocate(data, container->content_length);
+      container->end();
+      result->error_str = LOG_STR("Failed to read manifest");
+      goto defer;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-goto)
+    }
+    size_t read_index = container->get_bytes_read();
+    size_t content_length = container->content_length;
 
-      auto builds_array = root[ESPHOME_F("builds")].as<JsonArray>();
-      for (auto build : builds_array) {
-        if (!build[ESPHOME_F("chipFamily")].is<const char *>()) {
+    container->end();
+    container.reset();  // Release ownership of the container's shared_ptr
+
+    bool valid = false;
+    {  // Scope to ensure JsonDocument is destroyed before deallocating buffer
+      valid = json::parse_json(data, read_index, [info](JsonObject root) -> bool {
+        if (!root[ESPHOME_F("name")].is<const char *>() || !root[ESPHOME_F("version")].is<const char *>() ||
+            !root[ESPHOME_F("builds")].is<JsonArray>()) {
           ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Manifest does not contain required fields");
           return false;
         }
-        if (build[ESPHOME_F("chipFamily")] == ESPHOME_VARIANT) {
-          if (!build[ESPHOME_F("ota")].is<JsonObject>()) {
+        info->title = root[ESPHOME_F("name")].as<std::string>();
+        info->latest_version = root[ESPHOME_F("version")].as<std::string>();
+
+        auto builds_array = root[ESPHOME_F("builds")].as<JsonArray>();
+        for (auto build : builds_array) {
+          if (!build[ESPHOME_F("chipFamily")].is<const char *>()) {
             ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Manifest does not contain required fields");
             return false;
           }
-          JsonObject ota = build[ESPHOME_F("ota")].as<JsonObject>();
-          if (!ota[ESPHOME_F("path")].is<const char *>() || !ota[ESPHOME_F("md5")].is<const char *>()) {
-            ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Manifest does not contain required fields");
-            return false;
+          if (build[ESPHOME_F("chipFamily")] == ESPHOME_VARIANT) {
+            if (!build[ESPHOME_F("ota")].is<JsonObject>()) {
+              ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Manifest does not contain required fields");
+              return false;
+            }
+            JsonObject ota = build[ESPHOME_F("ota")].as<JsonObject>();
+            if (!ota[ESPHOME_F("path")].is<const char *>() || !ota[ESPHOME_F("md5")].is<const char *>()) {
+              ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Manifest does not contain required fields");
+              return false;
+            }
+            info->firmware_url = ota[ESPHOME_F("path")].as<std::string>();
+            info->md5 = ota[ESPHOME_F("md5")].as<std::string>();
+
+            if (ota[ESPHOME_F("summary")].is<const char *>())
+              info->summary = ota[ESPHOME_F("summary")].as<std::string>();
+            if (ota[ESPHOME_F("release_url")].is<const char *>())
+              info->release_url = ota[ESPHOME_F("release_url")].as<std::string>();
+
+            return true;
           }
-          this_update->update_info_.firmware_url = ota[ESPHOME_F("path")].as<std::string>();
-          this_update->update_info_.md5 = ota[ESPHOME_F("md5")].as<std::string>();
-
-          if (ota[ESPHOME_F("summary")].is<const char *>())
-            this_update->update_info_.summary = ota[ESPHOME_F("summary")].as<std::string>();
-          if (ota[ESPHOME_F("release_url")].is<const char *>())
-            this_update->update_info_.release_url = ota[ESPHOME_F("release_url")].as<std::string>();
-
-          return true;
         }
-      }
-      return false;
-    });
-  }
-  allocator.deallocate(data, content_length);
+        return false;
+      });
+    }
+    allocator.deallocate(data, content_length);
 
-  if (!valid) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to parse JSON from %s", this_update->source_url_.c_str());
-    // Defer to main loop to avoid race condition on component_state_ read-modify-write
-    this_update->defer([this_update]() { this_update->status_set_error(LOG_STR("Failed to parse manifest JSON")); });
-    UPDATE_RETURN;
-  }
+    if (!valid) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to parse JSON from %s", this_update->source_url_.c_str());
+      result->error_str = LOG_STR("Failed to parse manifest JSON");
+      goto defer;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-goto)
+    }
 
-  // Merge source_url_ and this_update->update_info_.firmware_url
-  if (this_update->update_info_.firmware_url.find("http") == std::string::npos) {
-    std::string path = this_update->update_info_.firmware_url;
-    if (path[0] == '/') {
-      std::string domain = this_update->source_url_.substr(0, this_update->source_url_.find('/', 8));
-      this_update->update_info_.firmware_url = domain + path;
-    } else {
-      std::string domain = this_update->source_url_.substr(0, this_update->source_url_.rfind('/') + 1);
-      this_update->update_info_.firmware_url = domain + path;
+    // Merge source_url_ and firmware_url
+    if (!info->firmware_url.empty() && info->firmware_url.find("http") == std::string::npos) {
+      std::string path = info->firmware_url;
+      if (path[0] == '/') {
+        std::string domain = this_update->source_url_.substr(0, this_update->source_url_.find('/', 8));
+        info->firmware_url = domain + path;
+      } else {
+        std::string domain = this_update->source_url_.substr(0, this_update->source_url_.rfind('/') + 1);
+        info->firmware_url = domain + path;
+      }
     }
-  }
 
 #ifdef ESPHOME_PROJECT_VERSION
-  this_update->update_info_.current_version = ESPHOME_PROJECT_VERSION;
+    info->current_version = ESPHOME_PROJECT_VERSION;
 #else
-  this_update->update_info_.current_version = ESPHOME_VERSION;
+    info->current_version = ESPHOME_VERSION;
 #endif
-
-  bool trigger_update_available = false;
-
-  if (this_update->update_info_.latest_version.empty() ||
-      this_update->update_info_.latest_version == this_update->update_info_.current_version) {
-    this_update->state_ = update::UPDATE_STATE_NO_UPDATE;
-  } else {
-    if (this_update->state_ != update::UPDATE_STATE_AVAILABLE) {
-      trigger_update_available = true;
-    }
-    this_update->state_ = update::UPDATE_STATE_AVAILABLE;
   }
 
-  // Defer to main loop to ensure thread-safe execution of:
-  // - status_clear_error() performs non-atomic read-modify-write on component_state_
-  // - publish_state() triggers API callbacks that write to the shared protobuf buffer
-  //   which can be corrupted if accessed concurrently from task and main loop threads
-  // - update_available trigger to ensure consistent state when the trigger fires
-  this_update->defer([this_update, trigger_update_available]() {
-    this_update->update_info_.has_progress = false;
-    this_update->update_info_.progress = 0.0f;
+defer:
+  // Release container before vTaskDelete (which doesn't call destructors)
+  container.reset();
+
+  // Defer to the main loop so all update_info_ and state_ writes happen on the
+  // same thread as readers (API, MQTT, web server). This is a single defer for
+  // both success and error paths to avoid multiple std::function instantiations.
+  // Lambda captures only 2 pointers (8 bytes) — fits in std::function SBO on supported toolchains.
+  this_update->defer([this_update, result]() {
+    if (result->error_str != nullptr) {
+      this_update->status_set_error(result->error_str);
+      delete result;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Determine new state on main loop (avoids extra lambda captures from task)
+    bool trigger_update_available = false;
+    update::UpdateState new_state;
+    if (result->info.latest_version.empty() || result->info.latest_version == result->info.current_version) {
+      new_state = update::UPDATE_STATE_NO_UPDATE;
+    } else {
+      new_state = update::UPDATE_STATE_AVAILABLE;
+      if (this_update->state_ != update::UPDATE_STATE_AVAILABLE) {
+        trigger_update_available = true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    this_update->update_info_ = std::move(result->info);
+    this_update->state_ = new_state;
+    delete result;  // Safe: moved-from state is valid for destruction
 
     this_update->status_clear_error();
     this_update->publish_state();

From af9366fdd4822cb5e8a1a7c571c08d6901993cc3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jesse Hills <3060199+jesserockz@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Mar 2026 08:19:26 +1300
Subject: [PATCH 608/609] Bump version to 2026.3.0b5

---
 Doxyfile         | 2 +-
 esphome/const.py | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Doxyfile b/Doxyfile
index ea34106f36..53eae48966 100644
--- a/Doxyfile
+++ b/Doxyfile
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ PROJECT_NAME           = ESPHome
 # could be handy for archiving the generated documentation or if some version
 # control system is used.
 
-PROJECT_NUMBER         = 2026.3.0b4
+PROJECT_NUMBER         = 2026.3.0b5
 
 # Using the PROJECT_BRIEF tag one can provide an optional one line description
 # for a project that appears at the top of each page and should give viewer a
diff --git a/esphome/const.py b/esphome/const.py
index 4ba8b1a23f..579235ff69 100644
--- a/esphome/const.py
+++ b/esphome/const.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from enum import Enum
 
 from esphome.enum import StrEnum
 
-__version__ = "2026.3.0b4"
+__version__ = "2026.3.0b5"
 
 ALLOWED_NAME_CHARS = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_"
 VALID_SUBSTITUTIONS_CHARACTERS = (

From 2c10adba858b409fc5a7f445863fbda6589afc04 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jesse Hills <3060199+jesserockz@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 19 Mar 2026 13:09:03 +1300
Subject: [PATCH 609/609] Bump version to 2026.3.0

---
 Doxyfile         | 2 +-
 esphome/const.py | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Doxyfile b/Doxyfile
index 53eae48966..d8a030536e 100644
--- a/Doxyfile
+++ b/Doxyfile
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ PROJECT_NAME           = ESPHome
 # could be handy for archiving the generated documentation or if some version
 # control system is used.
 
-PROJECT_NUMBER         = 2026.3.0b5
+PROJECT_NUMBER         = 2026.3.0
 
 # Using the PROJECT_BRIEF tag one can provide an optional one line description
 # for a project that appears at the top of each page and should give viewer a
diff --git a/esphome/const.py b/esphome/const.py
index 579235ff69..756ad69464 100644
--- a/esphome/const.py
+++ b/esphome/const.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from enum import Enum
 
 from esphome.enum import StrEnum
 
-__version__ = "2026.3.0b5"
+__version__ = "2026.3.0"
 
 ALLOWED_NAME_CHARS = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_"
 VALID_SUBSTITUTIONS_CHARACTERS = (