diff --git a/.clang-tidy.hash b/.clang-tidy.hash
index ab526134f8..02aa990809 100644
--- a/.clang-tidy.hash
+++ b/.clang-tidy.hash
@@ -1 +1 @@
-dc8ad5472d9fb44ce1ca29a0601afd65705642799a2819704dfc8459fbaf9815
+c65f1a0804a7765462d570c50891ac719260592df2c9cdfe88233fc346ac59e9
diff --git a/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json b/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
index 5a7a02a266..29f63b54b5 100644
--- a/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
+++ b/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
     "--privileged",
     "-e",
     "GIT_EDITOR=code --wait"
-    // uncomment and edit the path in order to pass though local USB serial to the conatiner
+    // uncomment and edit the path in order to pass through local USB serial to the container
     // , "--device=/dev/ttyACM0"
   ],
   "appPort": 6052,
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 6aa5b2a547..20c349ac00 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ jobs:
           echo "binary=$BINARY" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
 
       - name: Run CodSpeed benchmarks
-        uses: CodSpeedHQ/action@db35df748deb45fdef0960669f57d627c1956c30 # v4
+        uses: CodSpeedHQ/action@658a901452bb54c799643e060733b7afe9121b8d # v4.14.0
         with:
           run: ${{ steps.build.outputs.binary }}
           mode: simulation
diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeql.yml b/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
index 67f4690ac9..246a865693 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ jobs:
 
       # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
       - name: Initialize CodeQL
-        uses: github/codeql-action/init@c10b8064de6f491fea524254123dbe5e09572f13 # v4.35.1
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@95e58e9a2cdfd71adc6e0353d5c52f41a045d225 # v4.35.2
         with:
           languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
           build-mode: ${{ matrix.build-mode }}
@@ -86,6 +86,6 @@ jobs:
           exit 1
 
       - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@c10b8064de6f491fea524254123dbe5e09572f13 # v4.35.1
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@95e58e9a2cdfd71adc6e0353d5c52f41a045d225 # v4.35.2
         with:
           category: "/language:${{matrix.language}}"
diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index ac4f0049f8..d9b7df6ec5 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ ci:
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
     # Ruff version.
-    rev: v0.15.10
+    rev: v0.15.11
     hooks:
       # Run the linter.
       - id: ruff
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ repos:
         entry: python3 script/run-in-env.py pylint
         language: system
         types: [python]
+        files: ^esphome/.+\.py$
       - id: clang-tidy-hash
         name: Update clang-tidy hash
         entry: python script/clang_tidy_hash.py --update-if-changed
diff --git a/MANIFEST.in b/MANIFEST.in
index ed65edc656..e426627e8d 100644
--- a/MANIFEST.in
+++ b/MANIFEST.in
@@ -4,4 +4,5 @@ include requirements.txt
 recursive-include esphome *.yaml
 recursive-include esphome *.cpp *.h *.tcc *.c
 recursive-include esphome *.py.script
+recursive-include esphome *.jinja
 recursive-include esphome LICENSE.txt
diff --git a/esphome/automation.py b/esphome/automation.py
index b4dcc41995..97d9a0a47a 100644
--- a/esphome/automation.py
+++ b/esphome/automation.py
@@ -199,11 +199,10 @@ def validate_automation(extra_schema=None, extra_validators=None, single=False):
                     return cv.Schema([schema])(value)
                 except cv.Invalid as err2:
                     if "extra keys not allowed" in str(err2) and len(err2.path) == 2:
-                        # pylint: disable=raise-missing-from
-                        raise err
+                        raise err from None
                     if "Unable to find action" in str(err):
-                        raise err2
-                    raise cv.MultipleInvalid([err, err2])
+                        raise err2 from None
+                    raise cv.MultipleInvalid([err, err2]) from None
         elif isinstance(value, dict):
             if CONF_THEN in value:
                 return [schema(value)]
diff --git a/esphome/bundle.py b/esphome/bundle.py
index b6816c7c95..efa80acc8c 100644
--- a/esphome/bundle.py
+++ b/esphome/bundle.py
@@ -151,8 +151,8 @@ class ConfigBundleCreator:
 
     def __init__(self, config: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
         self._config = config
-        self._config_dir = CORE.config_dir
-        self._config_path = CORE.config_path
+        self._config_dir = Path(CORE.config_dir).resolve()
+        self._config_path = Path(CORE.config_path).resolve()
         self._files: list[BundleFile] = []
         self._seen_paths: set[Path] = set()
         self._secrets_paths: set[Path] = set()
@@ -258,21 +258,36 @@ class ConfigBundleCreator:
     def _discover_yaml_includes(self) -> None:
         """Discover YAML files loaded during config parsing.
 
-        We track files by wrapping _load_yaml_internal. The config has already
-        been loaded at this point (bundle is a POST_CONFIG_ACTION), so we
-        re-load just to discover the file list.
+        Deliberately uses a fresh re-parse and force-loads every deferred
+        ``IncludeFile`` to include *all* potentially-reachable includes,
+        even branches not selected by the local substitutions. Bundles are
+        meant to be compiled on another system where command-line
+        substitution overrides may choose a different branch — e.g.
+        ``!include network/${eth_model}/config.yaml`` must ship every
+        candidate so the remote build can pick any one.
+
+        Entries with unresolved substitution variables in the filename
+        path are skipped with a warning (they cannot be resolved without
+        the substitution pass).
 
         Secrets files are tracked separately so we can filter them to
         only include the keys this config actually references.
         """
+        # Must be a fresh parse: IncludeFile.load() caches its result in
+        # _content, and we discover files by listening for loader calls. On
+        # an already-parsed tree the cache is populated, .load() returns
+        # without calling the loader, the listener never fires, and the
+        # referenced files would be silently dropped from the bundle.
         with yaml_util.track_yaml_loads() as loaded_files:
             try:
-                yaml_util.load_yaml(self._config_path)
+                data = yaml_util.load_yaml(self._config_path)
             except EsphomeError:
                 _LOGGER.debug(
                     "Bundle: re-loading YAML for include discovery failed, "
                     "proceeding with partial file list"
                 )
+            else:
+                _force_load_include_files(data)
 
         for fpath in loaded_files:
             if fpath == self._config_path.resolve():
@@ -608,6 +623,57 @@ def _add_bytes_to_tar(tar: tarfile.TarFile, name: str, data: bytes) -> None:
     tar.addfile(info, io.BytesIO(data))
 
 
+def _force_load_include_files(obj: Any, _seen: set[int] | None = None) -> None:
+    """Recursively resolve any ``IncludeFile`` instances in a YAML tree.
+
+    Nested ``!include`` returns a deferred ``IncludeFile`` that is only
+    resolved during the substitution pass. During bundle discovery we need
+    the referenced files to actually load so the ``track_yaml_loads``
+    listener fires for them.
+
+    ``IncludeFile`` instances with unresolved substitution variables in the
+    filename cannot be loaded — we skip and warn about those.
+    """
+    if _seen is None:
+        _seen = set()
+
+    if isinstance(obj, yaml_util.IncludeFile):
+        if id(obj) in _seen:
+            return
+        _seen.add(id(obj))
+        if obj.has_unresolved_expressions():
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Bundle: cannot resolve !include %s (referenced from %s) "
+                "with substitutions in path",
+                obj.file,
+                obj.parent_file,
+            )
+            return
+        try:
+            loaded = obj.load()
+        except EsphomeError as err:
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Bundle: failed to load !include %s (referenced from %s): %s",
+                obj.file,
+                obj.parent_file,
+                err,
+            )
+            return
+        _force_load_include_files(loaded, _seen)
+    elif isinstance(obj, dict):
+        if id(obj) in _seen:
+            return
+        _seen.add(id(obj))
+        for value in obj.values():
+            _force_load_include_files(value, _seen)
+    elif isinstance(obj, (list, tuple)):
+        if id(obj) in _seen:
+            return
+        _seen.add(id(obj))
+        for item in obj:
+            _force_load_include_files(item, _seen)
+
+
 def _resolve_include_path(include_path: Any) -> Path | None:
     """Resolve an include path to absolute, skipping system includes."""
     if isinstance(include_path, str) and include_path.startswith("<"):
diff --git a/esphome/components/anova/anova_base.cpp b/esphome/components/anova/anova_base.cpp
index fef4f1d852..a14dd728a8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/anova/anova_base.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/anova/anova_base.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <cstring>
 
+#include "esphome/core/alloc_helpers.h"
+
 namespace esphome {
 namespace anova {
 
@@ -105,14 +107,14 @@ void AnovaCodec::decode(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t length) {
     }
     case READ_TARGET_TEMPERATURE:
     case SET_TARGET_TEMPERATURE: {
-      this->target_temp_ = parse_number<float>(str_until(buf, '\r')).value_or(0.0f);
+      this->target_temp_ = parse_number<float>(str_until(buf, '\r')).value_or(0.0f);  // NOLINT
       if (this->fahrenheit_)
         this->target_temp_ = ftoc(this->target_temp_);
       this->has_target_temp_ = true;
       break;
     }
     case READ_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE: {
-      this->current_temp_ = parse_number<float>(str_until(buf, '\r')).value_or(0.0f);
+      this->current_temp_ = parse_number<float>(str_until(buf, '\r')).value_or(0.0f);  // NOLINT
       if (this->fahrenheit_)
         this->current_temp_ = ftoc(this->current_temp_);
       this->has_current_temp_ = true;
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/__init__.py b/esphome/components/api/__init__.py
index 84589d540d..ad778f20ad 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/api/__init__.py
@@ -291,12 +291,12 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.SplitDefault(
                 CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS,
                 esp8266=4,  # ~40KB free RAM, each connection uses ~500-1000 bytes
-                esp32=8,  # 520KB RAM available
+                esp32=5,  # 520KB RAM available
                 rp2040=4,  # 264KB RAM but LWIP constraints
-                bk72xx=8,  # Moderate RAM
-                rtl87xx=8,  # Moderate RAM
+                bk72xx=5,  # Moderate RAM
+                rtl87xx=5,  # Moderate RAM
                 host=8,  # Abundant resources
-                ln882x=8,  # Moderate RAM
+                ln882x=5,  # Moderate RAM
             ): cv.int_range(min=1, max=20),
             # Maximum queued send buffers per connection before dropping connection
             # Each buffer uses ~8-12 bytes overhead plus actual message size
@@ -336,8 +336,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     cg.add(var.set_batch_delay(config[CONF_BATCH_DELAY]))
     if CONF_LISTEN_BACKLOG in config:
         cg.add(var.set_listen_backlog(config[CONF_LISTEN_BACKLOG]))
-    if CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS in config:
-        cg.add(var.set_max_connections(config[CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS]))
+    cg.add_define("MAX_API_CONNECTIONS", config[CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS])
     cg.add_define("API_MAX_SEND_QUEUE", config[CONF_MAX_SEND_QUEUE])
 
     # Set USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS if any services are enabled
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp b/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp
index d9c3cc6846..4559168ece 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ void APIServer::loop() {
     this->accept_new_connections_();
   }
 
-  if (this->clients_.empty()) {
+  if (this->api_connection_count_ == 0) {
     // Check reboot timeout - done in loop to avoid scheduler heap churn
     // (cancelled scheduler items sit in heap memory until their scheduled time)
     if (this->reboot_timeout_ != 0) {
@@ -135,15 +135,15 @@ void APIServer::loop() {
   // Check network connectivity once for all clients
   if (!network::is_connected()) {
     // Network is down - disconnect all clients
-    for (auto &client : this->clients_) {
+    for (auto &client : this->active_clients()) {
       client->on_fatal_error();
       client->log_client_(ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_WARN, LOG_STR("Network down; disconnect"));
     }
     // Continue to process and clean up the clients below
   }
 
-  size_t client_index = 0;
-  while (client_index < this->clients_.size()) {
+  uint8_t client_index = 0;
+  while (client_index < this->api_connection_count_) {
     auto &client = this->clients_[client_index];
 
     // Common case: process active client
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ void APIServer::loop() {
   }
 }
 
-void APIServer::remove_client_(size_t client_index) {
+void APIServer::remove_client_(uint8_t client_index) {
   auto &client = this->clients_[client_index];
 
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
@@ -179,14 +179,17 @@ void APIServer::remove_client_(size_t client_index) {
   // Close socket now (was deferred from on_fatal_error to allow getpeername)
   client->helper_->close();
 
-  // Swap with the last element and pop (avoids expensive vector shifts)
-  if (client_index < this->clients_.size() - 1) {
-    std::swap(this->clients_[client_index], this->clients_.back());
+  // Swap-and-reset: move the removed client to the trailing slot and null it out so slots
+  // [api_connection_count_, N) remain nullptr.
+  const uint8_t last_index = this->api_connection_count_ - 1;
+  if (client_index < last_index) {
+    std::swap(this->clients_[client_index], this->clients_[last_index]);
   }
-  this->clients_.pop_back();
+  this->clients_[last_index].reset();
+  this->api_connection_count_--;
 
   // Last client disconnected - set warning and start tracking for reboot timeout
-  if (this->clients_.empty() && this->reboot_timeout_ != 0) {
+  if (this->api_connection_count_ == 0 && this->reboot_timeout_ != 0) {
     this->status_set_warning(LOG_STR("waiting for client connection"));
     this->last_connected_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
   }
@@ -210,8 +213,8 @@ void __attribute__((flatten)) APIServer::accept_new_connections_() {
     sock->getpeername_to(peername);
 
     // Check if we're at the connection limit
-    if (this->clients_.size() >= this->max_connections_) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Max connections (%d), rejecting %s", this->max_connections_, peername);
+    if (this->api_connection_count_ >= MAX_API_CONNECTIONS) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Max connections (%d), rejecting %s", MAX_API_CONNECTIONS, peername);
       // Immediately close - socket destructor will handle cleanup
       sock.reset();
       continue;
@@ -220,11 +223,11 @@ void __attribute__((flatten)) APIServer::accept_new_connections_() {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Accept %s", peername);
 
     auto *conn = new APIConnection(std::move(sock), this);
-    this->clients_.emplace_back(conn);
+    this->clients_[this->api_connection_count_++].reset(conn);
     conn->start();
 
     // First client connected - clear warning and update timestamp
-    if (this->clients_.size() == 1 && this->reboot_timeout_ != 0) {
+    if (this->api_connection_count_ == 1 && this->reboot_timeout_ != 0) {
       this->status_clear_warning();
       this->last_connected_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
     }
@@ -237,7 +240,7 @@ void APIServer::dump_config() {
                 "  Address: %s:%u\n"
                 "  Listen backlog: %u\n"
                 "  Max connections: %u",
-                network::get_use_address(), this->port_, this->listen_backlog_, this->max_connections_);
+                network::get_use_address(), this->port_, this->listen_backlog_, MAX_API_CONNECTIONS);
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Noise encryption: %s", YESNO(this->noise_ctx_.has_psk()));
   if (!this->noise_ctx_.has_psk()) {
@@ -255,7 +258,7 @@ void APIServer::handle_disconnect(APIConnection *conn) {}
   void APIServer::on_##entity_name##_update(entity_type *obj) { /* NOLINT(bugprone-macro-parentheses) */ \
     if (obj->is_internal()) \
       return; \
-    for (auto &c : this->clients_) { \
+    for (auto &c : this->active_clients()) { \
       if (c->flags_.state_subscription) \
         c->send_##entity_name##_state(obj); \
     } \
@@ -337,7 +340,7 @@ API_DISPATCH_UPDATE(water_heater::WaterHeater, water_heater)
 void APIServer::on_event(event::Event *obj) {
   if (obj->is_internal())
     return;
-  for (auto &c : this->clients_) {
+  for (auto &c : this->active_clients()) {
     if (c->flags_.state_subscription)
       c->send_event(obj);
   }
@@ -349,7 +352,7 @@ void APIServer::on_event(event::Event *obj) {
 void APIServer::on_update(update::UpdateEntity *obj) {
   if (obj->is_internal())
     return;
-  for (auto &c : this->clients_) {
+  for (auto &c : this->active_clients()) {
     if (c->flags_.state_subscription)
       c->send_update_state(obj);
   }
@@ -360,7 +363,7 @@ void APIServer::on_update(update::UpdateEntity *obj) {
 void APIServer::on_zwave_proxy_request(const ZWaveProxyRequest &msg) {
   // We could add code to manage a second subscription type, but, since this message type is
   //  very infrequent and small, we simply send it to all clients
-  for (auto &c : this->clients_)
+  for (auto &c : this->active_clients())
     c->send_message(msg);
 }
 #endif
@@ -375,7 +378,7 @@ void APIServer::send_infrared_rf_receive_event([[maybe_unused]] uint32_t device_
   resp.key = key;
   resp.timings = timings;
 
-  for (auto &c : this->clients_)
+  for (auto &c : this->active_clients())
     c->send_infrared_rf_receive_event(resp);
 }
 #endif
@@ -392,7 +395,7 @@ void APIServer::set_batch_delay(uint16_t batch_delay) { this->batch_delay_ = bat
 
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
 void APIServer::send_homeassistant_action(const HomeassistantActionRequest &call) {
-  for (auto &client : this->clients_) {
+  for (auto &client : this->active_clients()) {
     client->send_homeassistant_action(call);
   }
 }
@@ -532,7 +535,7 @@ bool APIServer::update_noise_psk_(const SavedNoisePsk &new_psk, const LogString
         return;
       }
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Disconnecting all clients to reset PSK");
-      for (auto &c : this->clients_) {
+      for (auto &c : this->active_clients()) {
         DisconnectRequest req;
         c->send_message(req);
       }
@@ -583,7 +586,7 @@ bool APIServer::clear_noise_psk(bool make_active) {
 
 #ifdef USE_HOMEASSISTANT_TIME
 void APIServer::request_time() {
-  for (auto &client : this->clients_) {
+  for (auto &client : this->active_clients()) {
     if (!client->flags_.remove && client->is_authenticated()) {
       client->send_time_request();
       return;  // Only request from one client to avoid clock conflicts
@@ -593,8 +596,8 @@ void APIServer::request_time() {
 #endif
 
 bool APIServer::is_connected_with_state_subscription() const {
-  for (const auto &client : this->clients_) {
-    if (client->flags_.state_subscription) {
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < this->api_connection_count_; i++) {
+    if (this->clients_[i]->flags_.state_subscription) {
       return true;
     }
   }
@@ -609,7 +612,7 @@ void APIServer::on_log(uint8_t level, const char *tag, const char *message, size
     // we would be filling a buffer we are trying to clear
     return;
   }
-  for (auto &c : this->clients_) {
+  for (auto &c : this->active_clients()) {
     if (!c->flags_.remove && c->get_log_subscription_level() >= level)
       c->try_send_log_message(level, tag, message, message_len);
   }
@@ -618,7 +621,7 @@ void APIServer::on_log(uint8_t level, const char *tag, const char *message, size
 
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA
 void APIServer::on_camera_image(const std::shared_ptr<camera::CameraImage> &image) {
-  for (auto &c : this->clients_) {
+  for (auto &c : this->active_clients()) {
     if (!c->flags_.remove)
       c->set_camera_state(image);
   }
@@ -635,7 +638,7 @@ void APIServer::on_shutdown() {
   this->batch_delay_ = 5;
 
   // Send disconnect requests to all connected clients
-  for (auto &c : this->clients_) {
+  for (auto &c : this->active_clients()) {
     DisconnectRequest req;
     if (!c->send_message(req)) {
       // If we can't send the disconnect request directly (tx_buffer full),
@@ -653,7 +656,7 @@ bool APIServer::teardown() {
   this->loop();
 
   // Return true only when all clients have been torn down
-  return this->clients_.empty();
+  return this->api_connection_count_ == 0;
 }
 
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
diff --git a/esphome/components/api/api_server.h b/esphome/components/api/api_server.h
index 65076879a2..d6ac1a6d5d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/api/api_server.h
+++ b/esphome/components/api/api_server.h
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 #include "esphome/components/camera/camera.h"
 #endif
 
+#include <array>
+#include <memory>
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace esphome::api {
@@ -63,7 +65,6 @@ class APIServer final : public Component,
   void set_batch_delay(uint16_t batch_delay);
   uint16_t get_batch_delay() const { return batch_delay_; }
   void set_listen_backlog(uint8_t listen_backlog) { this->listen_backlog_ = listen_backlog; }
-  void set_max_connections(uint8_t max_connections) { this->max_connections_ = max_connections; }
 
   // Get reference to shared buffer for API connections
   APIBuffer &get_shared_buffer_ref() { return shared_write_buffer_; }
@@ -186,9 +187,26 @@ class APIServer final : public Component,
   void send_infrared_rf_receive_event(uint32_t device_id, uint32_t key, const std::vector<int32_t> *timings);
 #endif
 
-  bool is_connected() const { return !this->clients_.empty(); }
+  bool is_connected() const { return this->api_connection_count_ != 0; }
   bool is_connected_with_state_subscription() const;
 
+  // Range-for view over the populated slice [0, api_connection_count_). Read-only with respect
+  // to ownership — callers get `const unique_ptr&` so they can invoke non-const methods on the
+  // APIConnection but cannot reset/move the slot and break the count invariant.
+  using APIConnectionPtr = std::unique_ptr<APIConnection>;
+  class ActiveClientsView {
+    const APIConnectionPtr *begin_;
+    const APIConnectionPtr *end_;
+
+   public:
+    ActiveClientsView(const APIConnectionPtr *b, const APIConnectionPtr *e) : begin_(b), end_(e) {}
+    const APIConnectionPtr *begin() const { return this->begin_; }
+    const APIConnectionPtr *end() const { return this->end_; }
+  };
+  ActiveClientsView active_clients() const {
+    return {this->clients_.data(), this->clients_.data() + this->api_connection_count_};
+  }
+
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
   struct HomeAssistantStateSubscription {
     const char *entity_id;  // Pointer to flash (internal) or heap (external)
@@ -234,8 +252,8 @@ class APIServer final : public Component,
  protected:
   // Accept incoming socket connections. Only called when socket has pending connections.
   void __attribute__((noinline)) accept_new_connections_();
-  // Remove a disconnected client by index. Swaps with last element and pops.
-  void __attribute__((noinline)) remove_client_(size_t client_index);
+  // Remove a disconnected client by index. Swaps with the last populated slot and resets it.
+  void __attribute__((noinline)) remove_client_(uint8_t client_index);
 
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
   bool update_noise_psk_(const SavedNoisePsk &new_psk, const LogString *save_log_msg, const LogString *fail_log_msg,
@@ -273,8 +291,9 @@ class APIServer final : public Component,
   uint32_t reboot_timeout_{300000};
   uint32_t last_connected_{0};
 
+  // Slots [0, api_connection_count_) are populated; trailing slots are always nullptr.
+  std::array<std::unique_ptr<APIConnection>, MAX_API_CONNECTIONS> clients_{};
   // Vectors and strings (12 bytes each on 32-bit)
-  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<APIConnection>> clients_;
   // Shared proto write buffer for all connections.
   // Not pre-allocated: all send paths call prepare_first_message_buffer() which
   // reserves the exact needed size. Pre-allocating here would cause heap fragmentation
@@ -309,10 +328,10 @@ class APIServer final : public Component,
   uint16_t port_{6053};
   uint16_t batch_delay_{100};
   // Connection limits - these defaults will be overridden by config values
-  // from cv.SplitDefault in __init__.py which sets platform-specific defaults
+  // from cv.SplitDefault in __init__.py which sets platform-specific defaults.
   uint8_t listen_backlog_{4};
-  uint8_t max_connections_{8};
   bool shutting_down_ = false;
+  uint8_t api_connection_count_{0};
   // 7 bytes used, 1 byte padding
 
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
diff --git a/esphome/components/as5600/__init__.py b/esphome/components/as5600/__init__.py
index b141329e94..444306cec3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/as5600/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/as5600/__init__.py
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ def angle_to_position(value, min=-360, max=360):
         value = angle(min=min, max=max)(value)
         return (RESOLUTION + round(value * ANGLE_TO_POSITION)) % RESOLUTION
     except cv.Invalid as e:
-        raise cv.Invalid(f"When using angle, {e.error_message}")
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"When using angle, {e.error_message}") from e
 
 
 def percent_to_position(value):
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ def has_valid_range_config():
         except cv.Invalid as e:
             raise cv.Invalid(
                 f"The range between start and end position is invalid. It was was {range} but {e.error_message}"
-            )
+            ) from e
 
     return validator
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/audio_file/__init__.py b/esphome/components/audio_file/__init__.py
index 3ed6c1cd92..bb1ce257db 100644
--- a/esphome/components/audio_file/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/audio_file/__init__.py
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ def read_audio_file_and_type(file_config: ConfigType) -> tuple[bytes, MockObj]:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             f"Unable to determine audio file type of '{path}'. "
             f"Try re-encoding the file into a supported format. Details: {e}"
-        )
+        ) from e
 
     media_file_type = audio.AUDIO_FILE_TYPE_ENUM["NONE"]
     if file_type == "wav":
diff --git a/esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 0b36c299f6..29ddbab02c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -332,8 +332,9 @@ def parse_multi_click_timing_str(value):
     try:
         state = cv.boolean(parts[0])
     except cv.Invalid:
-        # pylint: disable=raise-missing-from
-        raise cv.Invalid(f"First word must either be ON or OFF, not {parts[0]}")
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"First word must either be ON or OFF, not {parts[0]}"
+        ) from None
 
     if parts[1] != "for":
         raise cv.Invalid(f"Second word must be 'for', got {parts[1]}")
@@ -350,7 +351,9 @@ def parse_multi_click_timing_str(value):
         try:
             length = cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds(parts[4])
         except cv.Invalid as err:
-            raise cv.Invalid(f"Multi Click Grammar Parsing length failed: {err}")
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Multi Click Grammar Parsing length failed: {err}"
+            ) from err
         return {CONF_STATE: state, key: str(length)}
 
     if parts[3] != "to":
@@ -359,12 +362,16 @@ def parse_multi_click_timing_str(value):
     try:
         min_length = cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds(parts[2])
     except cv.Invalid as err:
-        raise cv.Invalid(f"Multi Click Grammar Parsing minimum length failed: {err}")
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"Multi Click Grammar Parsing minimum length failed: {err}"
+        ) from err
 
     try:
         max_length = cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds(parts[4])
     except cv.Invalid as err:
-        raise cv.Invalid(f"Multi Click Grammar Parsing minimum length failed: {err}")
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"Multi Click Grammar Parsing maximum length failed: {err}"
+        ) from err
 
     return {
         CONF_STATE: state,
diff --git a/esphome/components/bk72xx/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bk72xx/__init__.py
index 7fed742d2e..3ffab0f3a5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bk72xx/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bk72xx/__init__.py
@@ -65,3 +65,8 @@ async def to_code(config):
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register("bk72xx", PIN_SCHEMA)
 async def pin_to_code(config):
     return await libretiny.gpio.component_pin_to_code(config)
+
+
+# Called by writer.py; delegates to the shared libretiny implementation.
+def copy_files() -> None:
+    libretiny.copy_files()
diff --git a/esphome/components/bl0906/bl0906.cpp b/esphome/components/bl0906/bl0906.cpp
index 70db235a37..d554057f7b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bl0906/bl0906.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/bl0906/bl0906.cpp
@@ -20,58 +20,77 @@ constexpr uint8_t bl0906_checksum(const uint8_t address, const DataPacket *data)
 }
 
 void BL0906::loop() {
-  if (this->current_channel_ == UINT8_MAX) {
-    return;
-  }
-
   while (this->available())
     this->flush();
 
-  if (this->current_channel_ == 0) {
+  if (this->current_stage_ == STAGE_IDLE) {
+    // Woken up between cycles to drain the action queue. Go back to sleep.
+    this->handle_actions_();
+    this->disable_loop();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (this->current_stage_ == STAGE_TEMP) {
     // Temperature
     this->read_data_(BL0906_TEMPERATURE, BL0906_TREF, this->temperature_sensor_);
-  } else if (this->current_channel_ == 1) {
+  } else if (this->current_stage_ == STAGE_CHANNEL_1) {
     this->read_data_(BL0906_I_1_RMS, BL0906_IREF, this->current_1_sensor_);
     this->read_data_(BL0906_WATT_1, BL0906_PREF, this->power_1_sensor_);
     this->read_data_(BL0906_CF_1_CNT, BL0906_EREF, this->energy_1_sensor_);
-  } else if (this->current_channel_ == 2) {
+  } else if (this->current_stage_ == STAGE_CHANNEL_2) {
     this->read_data_(BL0906_I_2_RMS, BL0906_IREF, this->current_2_sensor_);
     this->read_data_(BL0906_WATT_2, BL0906_PREF, this->power_2_sensor_);
     this->read_data_(BL0906_CF_2_CNT, BL0906_EREF, this->energy_2_sensor_);
-  } else if (this->current_channel_ == 3) {
+  } else if (this->current_stage_ == STAGE_CHANNEL_3) {
     this->read_data_(BL0906_I_3_RMS, BL0906_IREF, this->current_3_sensor_);
     this->read_data_(BL0906_WATT_3, BL0906_PREF, this->power_3_sensor_);
     this->read_data_(BL0906_CF_3_CNT, BL0906_EREF, this->energy_3_sensor_);
-  } else if (this->current_channel_ == 4) {
+  } else if (this->current_stage_ == STAGE_CHANNEL_4) {
     this->read_data_(BL0906_I_4_RMS, BL0906_IREF, this->current_4_sensor_);
     this->read_data_(BL0906_WATT_4, BL0906_PREF, this->power_4_sensor_);
     this->read_data_(BL0906_CF_4_CNT, BL0906_EREF, this->energy_4_sensor_);
-  } else if (this->current_channel_ == 5) {
+  } else if (this->current_stage_ == STAGE_CHANNEL_5) {
     this->read_data_(BL0906_I_5_RMS, BL0906_IREF, this->current_5_sensor_);
     this->read_data_(BL0906_WATT_5, BL0906_PREF, this->power_5_sensor_);
     this->read_data_(BL0906_CF_5_CNT, BL0906_EREF, this->energy_5_sensor_);
-  } else if (this->current_channel_ == 6) {
+  } else if (this->current_stage_ == STAGE_CHANNEL_6) {
     this->read_data_(BL0906_I_6_RMS, BL0906_IREF, this->current_6_sensor_);
     this->read_data_(BL0906_WATT_6, BL0906_PREF, this->power_6_sensor_);
     this->read_data_(BL0906_CF_6_CNT, BL0906_EREF, this->energy_6_sensor_);
-  } else if (this->current_channel_ == UINT8_MAX - 2) {
+  } else if (this->current_stage_ == STAGE_FREQ) {
     // Frequency
-    this->read_data_(BL0906_FREQUENCY, BL0906_FREF, frequency_sensor_);
+    this->read_data_(BL0906_FREQUENCY, BL0906_FREF, this->frequency_sensor_);
     // Voltage
-    this->read_data_(BL0906_V_RMS, BL0906_UREF, voltage_sensor_);
-  } else if (this->current_channel_ == UINT8_MAX - 1) {
+    this->read_data_(BL0906_V_RMS, BL0906_UREF, this->voltage_sensor_);
+  } else if (this->current_stage_ == STAGE_POWER) {
     // Total power
     this->read_data_(BL0906_WATT_SUM, BL0906_WATT, this->total_power_sensor_);
     // Total Energy
     this->read_data_(BL0906_CF_SUM_CNT, BL0906_CF, this->total_energy_sensor_);
-  } else {
-    this->current_channel_ = UINT8_MAX - 2;  // Go to frequency and voltage
-    return;
   }
-  this->current_channel_++;
+  this->advance_stage_();
   this->handle_actions_();
 }
 
+void BL0906::advance_stage_() {
+  switch (this->current_stage_) {
+    case STAGE_CHANNEL_6:
+      this->current_stage_ = STAGE_FREQ;
+      break;
+    case STAGE_FREQ:
+      this->current_stage_ = STAGE_POWER;
+      break;
+    case STAGE_POWER:
+      // Cycle complete; sleep until the next update().
+      this->current_stage_ = STAGE_IDLE;
+      this->disable_loop();
+      break;
+    default:
+      this->current_stage_ = static_cast<BL0906Stage>(this->current_stage_ + 1);
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
 void BL0906::setup() {
   while (this->available())
     this->flush();
@@ -85,12 +104,20 @@ void BL0906::setup() {
   this->bias_correction_(BL0906_RMSOS_6, 0.01200, 0);  // Calibration current_6
 
   this->write_array(USR_WRPROT_ONLYREAD, sizeof(USR_WRPROT_ONLYREAD));
+
+  // Loop stays idle until the first update() or enqueued action.
+  this->disable_loop();
 }
 
-void BL0906::update() { this->current_channel_ = 0; }
+void BL0906::update() {
+  this->current_stage_ = STAGE_TEMP;
+  this->enable_loop();
+}
 
 size_t BL0906::enqueue_action_(ActionCallbackFuncPtr function) {
   this->action_queue_.push_back(function);
+  // Ensure the queue is serviced even if the read cycle has already completed.
+  this->enable_loop();
   return this->action_queue_.size();
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/bl0906/bl0906.h b/esphome/components/bl0906/bl0906.h
index 493b645c89..f7ba5423d2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bl0906/bl0906.h
+++ b/esphome/components/bl0906/bl0906.h
@@ -12,6 +12,22 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace bl0906 {
 
+// Stage values for the read state machine. After STAGE_CHANNEL_6 the state machine
+// jumps to the two sentinel stages below, then to STAGE_IDLE which marks the cycle
+// as complete and disables the loop.
+enum BL0906Stage : uint8_t {
+  STAGE_TEMP = 0,       // chip temperature
+  STAGE_CHANNEL_1 = 1,  // per-phase current + power + energy
+  STAGE_CHANNEL_2 = 2,
+  STAGE_CHANNEL_3 = 3,
+  STAGE_CHANNEL_4 = 4,
+  STAGE_CHANNEL_5 = 5,
+  STAGE_CHANNEL_6 = 6,
+  STAGE_FREQ = UINT8_MAX - 2,   // frequency + voltage
+  STAGE_POWER = UINT8_MAX - 1,  // total power + total energy
+  STAGE_IDLE = UINT8_MAX,       // cycle complete
+};
+
 struct DataPacket {  // NOLINT(altera-struct-pack-align)
   uint8_t l{0};
   uint8_t m{0};
@@ -79,7 +95,8 @@ class BL0906 : public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDevice {
 
   void bias_correction_(uint8_t address, float measurements, float correction);
 
-  uint8_t current_channel_{0};
+  BL0906Stage current_stage_{STAGE_IDLE};
+  void advance_stage_();
   size_t enqueue_action_(ActionCallbackFuncPtr function);
   void handle_actions_();
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/bm8563/bm8563.cpp b/esphome/components/bm8563/bm8563.cpp
index 062094c036..d911301c9d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bm8563/bm8563.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/bm8563/bm8563.cpp
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ void BM8563::read_time() {
            rtc_time.day_of_week, rtc_time.hour, rtc_time.minute, rtc_time.second);
 
   rtc_time.recalc_timestamp_utc(false);
-  if (!rtc_time.is_valid()) {
+  if (!rtc_time.is_valid(/*check_day_of_week=*/true, /*check_day_of_year=*/false)) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid RTC time, not syncing to system clock.");
     return;
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/__init__.py
index a86e061cd4..2365f8d107 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bme680_bsec/__init__.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_SAMPLE_RATE, CONF_TEMPERATURE_OFFSET, Fr
 CODEOWNERS = ["@trvrnrth"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["sensor", "text_sensor"]
+CONFLICTS_WITH = ["bme68x_bsec2"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
 
 CONF_BME680_BSEC_ID = "bme680_bsec_id"
diff --git a/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/__init__.py b/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/__init__.py
index b63443c5f3..5083d283ef 100644
--- a/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/__init__.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@neffs", "@kbx81"]
+CONFLICTS_WITH = ["bme680_bsec"]
 
 DOMAIN = "bme68x_bsec2"
 
@@ -171,7 +172,9 @@ async def to_code_base(config):
         with open(path, encoding="utf-8") as f:
             bsec2_iaq_config = f.read()
     except Exception as e:
-        raise core.EsphomeError(f"Could not open binary configuration file {path}: {e}")
+        raise core.EsphomeError(
+            f"Could not open binary configuration file {path}: {e}"
+        ) from e
 
     # Convert retrieved BSEC2 config to an array of ints
     rhs = [int(x) for x in bsec2_iaq_config.split(",")]
diff --git a/esphome/components/debug/debug_component.cpp b/esphome/components/debug/debug_component.cpp
index 15f68c3a3b..d97a4aa135 100644
--- a/esphome/components/debug/debug_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/debug/debug_component.cpp
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ void DebugComponent::dump_config() {
 
   char device_info_buffer[DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE];
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "ESPHome version %s", ESPHOME_VERSION);
-  size_t pos = buf_append_printf(device_info_buffer, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE, 0, "%s", ESPHOME_VERSION);
+  size_t pos = buf_append_str(device_info_buffer, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE, 0, ESPHOME_VERSION);
 
   this->free_heap_ = get_free_heap_();
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Free Heap Size: %" PRIu32 " bytes", this->free_heap_);
diff --git a/esphome/components/debug/debug_esp32.cpp b/esphome/components/debug/debug_esp32.cpp
index 2e04090749..ea0c635207 100644
--- a/esphome/components/debug/debug_esp32.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/debug/debug_esp32.cpp
@@ -224,17 +224,21 @@ size_t DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::span<char, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE>
   const char *model = ESPHOME_VARIANT;
 
   // Build features string
-  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Chip: %s Features:", model);
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "|Chip: ");
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, model);
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, " Features:");
   bool first_feature = true;
   for (const auto &feature : CHIP_FEATURES) {
     if (info.features & feature.bit) {
-      pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "%s%s", first_feature ? "" : ", ", feature.name);
+      pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, first_feature ? "" : ", ");
+      pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, feature.name);
       first_feature = false;
       info.features &= ~feature.bit;
     }
   }
   if (info.features != 0) {
-    pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "%sOther:0x%" PRIx32, first_feature ? "" : ", ", info.features);
+    pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, first_feature ? "" : ", ");
+    pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "Other:0x%" PRIx32, info.features);
   }
   pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, " Cores:%u Revision:%u", info.cores, info.revision);
 
@@ -267,17 +271,20 @@ size_t DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::span<char, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE>
   // Framework detection
 #ifdef USE_ARDUINO
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Framework: Arduino");
-  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Framework: Arduino");
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "|Framework: Arduino");
 #else
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Framework: ESP-IDF");
-  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Framework: ESP-IDF");
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "|Framework: ESP-IDF");
 #endif
 
-  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|ESP-IDF: %s", esp_get_idf_version());
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "|ESP-IDF: ");
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, esp_get_idf_version());
   pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|EFuse MAC: %02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X", mac[0], mac[1], mac[2], mac[3],
                           mac[4], mac[5]);
-  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Reset: %s", reset_reason);
-  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Wakeup: %s", wakeup_cause);
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "|Reset: ");
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, reset_reason);
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "|Wakeup: ");
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, wakeup_cause);
 
   return pos;
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/debug/debug_libretiny.cpp b/esphome/components/debug/debug_libretiny.cpp
index 1d458c602a..6f36debb95 100644
--- a/esphome/components/debug/debug_libretiny.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/debug/debug_libretiny.cpp
@@ -38,9 +38,12 @@ size_t DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::span<char, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE>
            lt_get_version(), lt_cpu_get_model_name(), lt_cpu_get_model(), lt_cpu_get_freq_mhz(), mac_id,
            lt_get_board_code(), flash_kib, ram_kib, reset_reason);
 
-  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Version: %s", LT_BANNER_STR + 10);
-  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Reset Reason: %s", reset_reason);
-  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Chip Name: %s", lt_cpu_get_model_name());
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "|Version: ");
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, LT_BANNER_STR + 10);
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "|Reset Reason: ");
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, reset_reason);
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "|Chip Name: ");
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, lt_cpu_get_model_name());
   pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Chip ID: 0x%06" PRIX32, mac_id);
   pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Flash: %" PRIu32 " KiB", flash_kib);
   pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|RAM: %" PRIu32 " KiB", ram_kib);
diff --git a/esphome/components/debug/debug_zephyr.cpp b/esphome/components/debug/debug_zephyr.cpp
index d1580dae80..49790b5b9a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/debug/debug_zephyr.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/debug/debug_zephyr.cpp
@@ -162,14 +162,18 @@ size_t DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::span<char, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE>
   const char *supply_status =
       (nrf_power_mainregstatus_get(NRF_POWER) == NRF_POWER_MAINREGSTATUS_NORMAL) ? "Normal voltage." : "High voltage.";
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Main supply status: %s", supply_status);
-  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Main supply status: %s", supply_status);
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "|Main supply status: ");
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, supply_status);
 
   // Regulator stage 0
   if (nrf_power_mainregstatus_get(NRF_POWER) == NRF_POWER_MAINREGSTATUS_HIGH) {
     const char *reg0_type = nrf_power_dcdcen_vddh_get(NRF_POWER) ? "DC/DC" : "LDO";
     const char *reg0_voltage = regout0_to_str((NRF_UICR->REGOUT0 & UICR_REGOUT0_VOUT_Msk) >> UICR_REGOUT0_VOUT_Pos);
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Regulator stage 0: %s, %s", reg0_type, reg0_voltage);
-    pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Regulator stage 0: %s, %s", reg0_type, reg0_voltage);
+    pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "|Regulator stage 0: ");
+    pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, reg0_type);
+    pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, ", ");
+    pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, reg0_voltage);
 #ifdef USE_NRF52_REG0_VOUT
     if ((NRF_UICR->REGOUT0 & UICR_REGOUT0_VOUT_Msk) >> UICR_REGOUT0_VOUT_Pos != USE_NRF52_REG0_VOUT) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Regulator stage 0: expected %s", regout0_to_str(USE_NRF52_REG0_VOUT));
@@ -177,13 +181,14 @@ size_t DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::span<char, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE>
 #endif
   } else {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Regulator stage 0: disabled");
-    pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Regulator stage 0: disabled");
+    pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "|Regulator stage 0: disabled");
   }
 
   // Regulator stage 1
   const char *reg1_type = nrf_power_dcdcen_get(NRF_POWER) ? "DC/DC" : "LDO";
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Regulator stage 1: %s", reg1_type);
-  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Regulator stage 1: %s", reg1_type);
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "|Regulator stage 1: ");
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, reg1_type);
 
   // USB power state
   const char *usb_state;
@@ -197,7 +202,8 @@ size_t DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::span<char, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE>
     usb_state = "disconnected";
   }
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "USB power state: %s", usb_state);
-  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|USB power state: %s", usb_state);
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "|USB power state: ");
+  pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, usb_state);
 
   // Power-fail comparator
   bool enabled;
@@ -302,14 +308,18 @@ size_t DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::span<char, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE>
           break;
       }
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Power-fail comparator: %s, VDDH: %s", pof_voltage, vddh_voltage);
-      pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Power-fail comparator: %s, VDDH: %s", pof_voltage, vddh_voltage);
+      pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "|Power-fail comparator: ");
+      pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, pof_voltage);
+      pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, ", VDDH: ");
+      pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, vddh_voltage);
     } else {
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Power-fail comparator: %s", pof_voltage);
-      pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Power-fail comparator: %s", pof_voltage);
+      pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "|Power-fail comparator: ");
+      pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, pof_voltage);
     }
   } else {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Power-fail comparator: disabled");
-    pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Power-fail comparator: disabled");
+    pos = buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, "|Power-fail comparator: disabled");
   }
 
   auto package = [](uint32_t value) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/ds1307/ds1307.cpp b/esphome/components/ds1307/ds1307.cpp
index 8fff4213b4..ba2ad6032f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ds1307/ds1307.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ds1307/ds1307.cpp
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ void DS1307Component::read_time() {
       .year = uint16_t(ds1307_.reg.year + 10u * ds1307_.reg.year_10 + 2000),
   };
   rtc_time.recalc_timestamp_utc(false);
-  if (!rtc_time.is_valid()) {
+  if (!rtc_time.is_valid(/*check_day_of_week=*/true, /*check_day_of_year=*/false)) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid RTC time, not syncing to system clock.");
     return;
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_ssd1683.cpp b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_ssd1683.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6fb7e1ac1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_ssd1683.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+#include "epaper_spi_ssd1683.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::epaper_spi {
+static constexpr const char *const TAG = "epaper_spi.mono";
+
+void EPaperSSD1683::refresh_screen(bool partial) {
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Refresh screen");
+  this->cmd_data(0x3C, {partial ? (uint8_t) 0x80 : (uint8_t) 0x01});
+  // On partial update, set red RAM to inverse to remove BW ghosting
+  this->cmd_data(0x21, {partial ? (uint8_t) 0x80 : (uint8_t) 0x40, (uint8_t) 0x00});
+  // Set full update to 0xD7 for fast update, 0xF7 for normal
+  // Fast update flashes less and draws sooner but is in busy state for the same amount of time
+  // Manufacturer recommends not using fast update all the time, TODO expose this to the user
+  this->cmd_data(0x22, {partial ? (uint8_t) 0xFC : (uint8_t) 0xF7});
+  this->command(0x20);
+}
+
+// Puts the display into deep sleep mode 1, only way to get out is to reset the display
+// Mode 1 retains RAM while sleeping, necessary for future partial and window updates
+void EPaperSSD1683::deep_sleep() {
+  if (this->is_using_partial_update_()) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Deep sleep mode 1");
+    this->cmd_data(0x10, {0x01});  // deep sleep, retain RAM
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Deep sleep mode 2");
+    this->cmd_data(0x10, {0x03});  // deep sleep, lose RAM
+  }
+}
+
+void EPaperSSD1683::set_window() {
+  // if not using partial update, the display will go into deep sleep mode 2, so must rewrite entire
+  // buffer since the display RAM will not retain contents
+  if (!this->is_using_partial_update_()) {
+    this->x_low_ = 0;
+    this->x_high_ = this->width_;
+    this->y_low_ = 0;
+    this->y_high_ = this->height_;
+  }
+
+  // round x-coordinates to byte boundaries
+  this->x_low_ /= 8;
+  this->x_high_ += 7;
+  this->x_high_ /= 8;
+
+  this->cmd_data(0x44, {(uint8_t) this->x_low_, (uint8_t) (this->x_high_ - 1)});
+  this->cmd_data(0x45, {(uint8_t) this->y_low_, (uint8_t) (this->y_low_ / 256), (uint8_t) (this->y_high_ - 1),
+                        (uint8_t) ((this->y_high_ - 1) / 256)});
+  this->cmd_data(0x4E, {(uint8_t) this->x_low_});
+  this->cmd_data(0x4F, {(uint8_t) this->y_low_, (uint8_t) (this->y_low_ / 256)});
+}
+
+bool HOT EPaperSSD1683::transfer_data() {
+  auto start_time = millis();
+  if (this->current_data_index_ == 0) {
+    if (this->send_red_) {
+      // round to byte boundaries
+      this->set_window();
+    }
+    // for monochrome, we need to send red on every refresh to prevent dirty pixels
+    // when doing a partial refresh
+    this->command(this->send_red_ ? 0x26 : 0x24);
+    this->current_data_index_ = this->y_low_;  // actually current line
+  }
+  size_t row_length = this->x_high_ - this->x_low_;
+  FixedVector<uint8_t> bytes_to_send{};
+  bytes_to_send.init(row_length);
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Writing %u bytes at line %zu at %ums", row_length, this->current_data_index_, (unsigned) millis());
+  this->start_data_();
+  while (this->current_data_index_ != this->y_high_) {
+    size_t data_idx = this->current_data_index_ * this->row_width_ + this->x_low_;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i != row_length; i++) {
+      bytes_to_send[i] = this->buffer_[data_idx++];
+    }
+    ++this->current_data_index_;
+    this->write_array(&bytes_to_send.front(), row_length);  // NOLINT
+    if (millis() - start_time > MAX_TRANSFER_TIME) {
+      // Let the main loop run and come back next loop
+      this->disable();
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  this->disable();
+  this->current_data_index_ = 0;
+  if (this->send_red_) {
+    this->send_red_ = false;
+    return false;
+  }
+  this->send_red_ = true;
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::epaper_spi
diff --git a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_ssd1683.h b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_ssd1683.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4532900dd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_ssd1683.h
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "epaper_spi_mono.h"
+
+namespace esphome::epaper_spi {
+/**
+ * A class for Solomon SSD1683 epaper displays.
+ */
+class EPaperSSD1683 : public EPaperMono {
+ public:
+  EPaperSSD1683(const char *name, uint16_t width, uint16_t height, const uint8_t *init_sequence,
+                size_t init_sequence_length)
+      : EPaperMono(name, width, height, init_sequence, init_sequence_length) {}
+
+ protected:
+  void refresh_screen(bool partial) override;
+  void deep_sleep() override;
+  void set_window() override;
+  bool transfer_data() override;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::epaper_spi
diff --git a/esphome/components/epaper_spi/models/ssd1683.py b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/models/ssd1683.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..983f5bb382
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/epaper_spi/models/ssd1683.py
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+from esphome.const import CONF_DATA_RATE
+
+from . import EpaperModel
+
+
+class SSD1683(EpaperModel):
+    def __init__(self, name, class_name="EPaperSSD1683", data_rate="20MHz", **defaults):
+        defaults[CONF_DATA_RATE] = data_rate
+        super().__init__(name, class_name, **defaults)
+
+    # fmt: off
+    def get_init_sequence(self, config: dict):
+        _width, height = self.get_dimensions(config)
+        return (
+            (0x01, (height - 1) % 256, (height - 1) // 256, 0x00),    # Set column gate limit
+            (0x18, 0x80),    # Select internal Temp sensor
+            (0x11, 0x03),      # Set transform
+        )
+
+
+ssd1683 = SSD1683("ssd1683")
+
+goodisplay_gdey042t81 = ssd1683.extend(
+    "goodisplay-gdey042t81-4.2",
+    width=400,
+    height=300,
+)
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
index 7b3f9da3da..77b405a449 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py
@@ -128,23 +128,30 @@ ASSERTION_LEVELS = {
 SIGNING_SCHEMES = {
     "rsa3072": "CONFIG_SECURE_SIGNED_APPS_RSA_SCHEME",
     "ecdsa256": "CONFIG_SECURE_SIGNED_APPS_ECDSA_V2_SCHEME",
+    "ecdsa_v1": "CONFIG_SECURE_SIGNED_APPS_ECDSA_SCHEME",
 }
 
-# Chip variants that only support one signing scheme for Secure Boot V2.
+# Chip variants that only support one V2 signing scheme.
 # Based on SOC_SECURE_BOOT_V2_RSA / SOC_SECURE_BOOT_V2_ECC in soc_caps.h.
-# Variants not listed in either set support both RSA and ECDSA
+# Variants not listed in either set support both RSA and ECDSA V2
 # (e.g. C5, C6, H2, P4). New variants should be added to the
 # appropriate set if they only support one scheme.
-SIGNED_OTA_RSA_ONLY_VARIANTS = {
-    VARIANT_ESP32,
+# Note: VARIANT_ESP32 is not listed here because it supports V2 RSA only
+# when minimum_chip_revision >= 3.0, which requires special handling.
+SIGNED_OTA_V2_RSA_ONLY_VARIANTS = {
     VARIANT_ESP32S2,
     VARIANT_ESP32S3,
     VARIANT_ESP32C3,
 }
-SIGNED_OTA_ECC_ONLY_VARIANTS = {
+SIGNED_OTA_V2_ECC_ONLY_VARIANTS = {
     VARIANT_ESP32C2,
     VARIANT_ESP32C61,
 }
+# V1 ECDSA (Secure Boot V1) is only supported on the original ESP32.
+# Based on SOC_SECURE_BOOT_V1 in soc_caps.h.
+SIGNED_OTA_V1_ECDSA_VARIANTS = {
+    VARIANT_ESP32,
+}
 
 COMPILER_OPTIMIZATIONS = {
     "DEBUG": "CONFIG_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION_DEBUG",
@@ -991,25 +998,73 @@ def final_validate(config):
     if signed_ota := advanced.get(CONF_SIGNED_OTA_VERIFICATION):
         scheme = signed_ota[CONF_SIGNING_SCHEME]
         variant = config[CONF_VARIANT]
-        scheme_variant_conflicts = {
-            "ecdsa256": (SIGNED_OTA_RSA_ONLY_VARIANTS, "rsa3072"),
-            "rsa3072": (SIGNED_OTA_ECC_ONLY_VARIANTS, "ecdsa256"),
-        }
-        if (conflict := scheme_variant_conflicts.get(scheme)) and variant in conflict[
-            0
-        ]:
+        min_rev = advanced.get(CONF_MINIMUM_CHIP_REVISION)
+        scheme_path = [
+            CONF_FRAMEWORK,
+            CONF_ADVANCED,
+            CONF_SIGNED_OTA_VERIFICATION,
+            CONF_SIGNING_SCHEME,
+        ]
+
+        # V1 ECDSA is only available on the original ESP32
+        if scheme == "ecdsa_v1" and variant not in SIGNED_OTA_V1_ECDSA_VARIANTS:
             errs.append(
                 cv.Invalid(
-                    f"Signing scheme '{scheme}' is not supported on "
-                    f"{VARIANT_FRIENDLY[variant]}. Use '{conflict[1]}' instead.",
-                    path=[
-                        CONF_FRAMEWORK,
-                        CONF_ADVANCED,
-                        CONF_SIGNED_OTA_VERIFICATION,
-                        CONF_SIGNING_SCHEME,
-                    ],
+                    f"Signing scheme 'ecdsa_v1' is only supported on "
+                    f"{VARIANT_FRIENDLY[VARIANT_ESP32]}. "
+                    f"Use 'rsa3072' or 'ecdsa256' instead.",
+                    path=scheme_path,
                 )
             )
+        elif variant == VARIANT_ESP32:
+            # On ESP32, V2 RSA requires minimum_chip_revision >= 3.0
+            # Note: string comparison works here because cv.one_of constrains
+            # min_rev to known ESP32_CHIP_REVISIONS values ("0.0".."3.1").
+            if scheme == "rsa3072" and (min_rev is None or min_rev < "3.0"):
+                errs.append(
+                    cv.Invalid(
+                        f"Signing scheme 'rsa3072' on {VARIANT_FRIENDLY[variant]} "
+                        f"requires minimum_chip_revision: '3.0' or higher "
+                        f"(Secure Boot V2 RSA needs chip revision 3.0+). "
+                        f"For older chip revisions, use 'ecdsa_v1' instead.",
+                        path=scheme_path,
+                    )
+                )
+            # ESP32 does not support V2 ECDSA (no SOC_SECURE_BOOT_V2_ECC)
+            elif scheme == "ecdsa256":
+                errs.append(
+                    cv.Invalid(
+                        f"Signing scheme 'ecdsa256' is not supported on "
+                        f"{VARIANT_FRIENDLY[variant]}. Use 'rsa3072' (with "
+                        f"minimum_chip_revision: '3.0') or 'ecdsa_v1' instead.",
+                        path=scheme_path,
+                    )
+                )
+            # V1 on rev 3.0+ -- suggest V2 RSA for stronger security
+            elif scheme == "ecdsa_v1" and min_rev is not None and min_rev >= "3.0":
+                _LOGGER.info(
+                    "Using Secure Boot V1 ECDSA on %s rev %s. "
+                    "Consider using 'rsa3072' (Secure Boot V2 RSA) for "
+                    "stronger security on chip revision 3.0+.",
+                    VARIANT_FRIENDLY[variant],
+                    min_rev,
+                )
+        else:
+            # Non-ESP32 variants: check V2 scheme-variant compatibility
+            scheme_variant_conflicts = {
+                "ecdsa256": (SIGNED_OTA_V2_RSA_ONLY_VARIANTS, "rsa3072"),
+                "rsa3072": (SIGNED_OTA_V2_ECC_ONLY_VARIANTS, "ecdsa256"),
+            }
+            if (
+                conflict := scheme_variant_conflicts.get(scheme)
+            ) and variant in conflict[0]:
+                errs.append(
+                    cv.Invalid(
+                        f"Signing scheme '{scheme}' is not supported on "
+                        f"{VARIANT_FRIENDLY[variant]}. Use '{conflict[1]}' instead.",
+                        path=scheme_path,
+                    )
+                )
         if CONF_OTA not in full_config:
             _LOGGER.warning(
                 "Signed OTA verification is enabled but no OTA component is configured. "
@@ -1222,7 +1277,7 @@ FRAMEWORK_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
                 cv.Optional(CONF_IGNORE_EFUSE_CUSTOM_MAC, default=False): cv.boolean,
                 cv.Optional(CONF_IGNORE_EFUSE_MAC_CRC, default=False): cv.boolean,
                 cv.Optional(CONF_MINIMUM_CHIP_REVISION): cv.one_of(
-                    *ESP32_CHIP_REVISIONS
+                    *ESP32_CHIP_REVISIONS, string=True
                 ),
                 cv.Optional(CONF_SRAM1_AS_IRAM, default=False): cv.boolean,
                 # DHCP server is needed for WiFi AP mode. When WiFi component is used,
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp
index add50dcf4d..1c63137183 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp
@@ -23,7 +23,26 @@ extern "C" __attribute__((weak)) void initArduino() {}
 namespace esphome {
 
 void HOT yield() { vPortYield(); }
-uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT millis() { return micros_to_millis(static_cast<uint64_t>(esp_timer_get_time())); }
+// Use xTaskGetTickCount() when tick rate is 1 kHz (ESPHome's default via sdkconfig),
+// falling back to esp_timer for non-standard rates. IRAM_ATTR is required because
+// Wiegand and ZyAura call millis() from IRAM_ATTR ISR handlers on ESP32.
+// xTaskGetTickCountFromISR() is used in ISR context to satisfy the FreeRTOS API contract.
+uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT millis() {
+#if CONFIG_FREERTOS_HZ == 1000
+  if (xPortInIsrContext()) [[unlikely]] {
+    return xTaskGetTickCountFromISR();
+  }
+  return xTaskGetTickCount();
+#else
+  return micros_to_millis(static_cast<uint64_t>(esp_timer_get_time()));
+#endif
+}
+// millis_64() stays on esp_timer — a different clock from xTaskGetTickCount(). This is
+// safe because the two are never cross-compared: millis() values are only used for
+// millis()-vs-millis() deltas (feed_wdt, warn_blocking, component start time), while
+// millis_64() is used by the Scheduler and uptime sensors. On ESP32 (USE_NATIVE_64BIT_TIME),
+// Scheduler::millis_64_from_(now) discards the 32-bit now and calls millis_64() directly,
+// so the Scheduler is internally consistent on the esp_timer clock.
 uint64_t HOT millis_64() { return micros_to_millis<uint64_t>(static_cast<uint64_t>(esp_timer_get_time())); }
 void HOT delay(uint32_t ms) { vTaskDelay(ms / portTICK_PERIOD_MS); }
 uint32_t IRAM_ATTR HOT micros() { return (uint32_t) esp_timer_get_time(); }
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio.py b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio.py
index a7180cbcd7..36dd44155a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/gpio.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/gpio.py
@@ -172,10 +172,16 @@ def validate_gpio_pin(pin):
             exc,
         )
     else:
-        # Throw an exception if used for a pin that would not have resulted
-        # in a validation error anyway!
+        # `ignore_pin_validation_error` only suppresses an error raised by the
+        # variant's pin_validation above (e.g. SPI flash/PSRAM pins, invalid pin
+        # numbers). If that didn't raise, the option is a no-op -- warn so the
+        # user can clean it up, but don't block the build.
         if ignore_pin_validation_warning:
-            raise cv.Invalid(f"GPIO{pin[CONF_NUMBER]} is not a reserved pin")
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "GPIO%d has no validation errors to ignore; "
+                "remove `ignore_pin_validation_error: true` from this pin.",
+                pin[CONF_NUMBER],
+            )
 
     return pin
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32/post_build.py.script b/esphome/components/esp32/post_build.py.script
index 8d13214259..b329f6b82b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32/post_build.py.script
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32/post_build.py.script
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import json  # noqa: E402
 import os  # noqa: E402
 import pathlib  # noqa: E402
 import shutil  # noqa: E402
+import subprocess  # noqa: E402
 from glob import glob  # noqa: E402
 
 
@@ -25,6 +26,114 @@ def _parse_sdkconfig(sdkconfig_path):
     return options
 
 
+def _generate_v1_verification_key(env):
+    """Generate the V1 ECDSA verification key binary and assembly source file.
+
+    Secure Boot V1 embeds the public verification key directly in the app binary
+    as a compiled object (via a .S assembly file). The ESP-IDF CMake build generates
+    these files via custom commands, but PlatformIO's SCons bridge does not execute
+    them. This function replicates that logic:
+      1. Extracts the raw public key from the PEM signing key using espsecure.
+      2. Generates the .S assembly source that embeds the key bytes.
+    """
+    build_dir = pathlib.Path(env.subst("$BUILD_DIR"))
+    project_dir = pathlib.Path(env.subst("$PROJECT_DIR"))
+    pioenv = env.subst("$PIOENV")
+    sdkconfig = _parse_sdkconfig(project_dir / f"sdkconfig.{pioenv}")
+
+    if sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_SECURE_SIGNED_APPS_ECDSA_SCHEME") != "y":
+        return
+
+    bin_path = build_dir / "signature_verification_key.bin"
+    asm_path = build_dir / "signature_verification_key.bin.S"
+
+    # Determine the source of the verification key
+    if sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_SECURE_BOOT_BUILD_SIGNED_BINARIES") == "y":
+        # Extract public key from the signing key
+        signing_key = sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_SECURE_BOOT_SIGNING_KEY")
+        if not signing_key:
+            return
+        signing_key_path = pathlib.Path(signing_key)
+        if not signing_key_path.exists():
+            print(f"Error: V1 ECDSA signing key not found: {signing_key_path}")
+            env.Exit(1)
+            return
+
+        if not bin_path.exists() or bin_path.stat().st_mtime < signing_key_path.stat().st_mtime:
+            python_exe = env.subst("$PYTHONEXE")
+            result = subprocess.run(
+                [python_exe, "-m", "espsecure", "extract_public_key",
+                 "--keyfile", str(signing_key_path), str(bin_path)],
+                capture_output=True, text=True,
+            )
+            if result.returncode != 0:
+                print(f"Error extracting V1 verification key: {result.stderr}")
+                env.Exit(1)
+                return
+            print(f"Extracted V1 ECDSA verification key from {signing_key_path.name}")
+    else:
+        # User-provided verification key -- should already be a raw binary file
+        verification_key = sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_SECURE_BOOT_VERIFICATION_KEY")
+        if not verification_key:
+            return
+        verification_key_path = pathlib.Path(verification_key)
+        if not verification_key_path.exists():
+            print(f"Error: Verification key not found: {verification_key_path}")
+            env.Exit(1)
+            return
+        shutil.copyfile(str(verification_key_path), str(bin_path))
+
+    if not bin_path.exists():
+        return
+
+    # Generate the .S assembly file from the binary key data.
+    # Replicates ESP-IDF's data_file_embed_asm.cmake with RENAME_TO=signature_verification_key_bin.
+    # The file is needed in both the app build dir and the bootloader build dir, since
+    # the bootloader also embeds the verification key when CONFIG_SECURE_SIGNED_ON_BOOT_NO_SECURE_BOOT
+    # is enabled. PlatformIO's SCons bridge does not execute the CMake custom commands that
+    # normally generate these files.
+    data = bin_path.read_bytes()
+    varname = "signature_verification_key_bin"
+
+    lines = []
+    lines.append(f"/* Data converted from {bin_path.name} */")
+    lines.append(".data")
+    lines.append("#if !defined (__APPLE__) && !defined (__linux__)")
+    lines.append(".section .rodata.embedded")
+    lines.append("#endif")
+    lines.append(f"\n.global {varname}")
+    lines.append(f"{varname}:")
+    lines.append(f"\n.global _binary_{varname}_start")
+    lines.append(f"_binary_{varname}_start: /* for objcopy compatibility */")
+
+    # Format binary data as .byte lines (16 bytes per line)
+    for i in range(0, len(data), 16):
+        chunk = data[i:i + 16]
+        hex_bytes = ", ".join(f"0x{b:02x}" for b in chunk)
+        lines.append(f".byte {hex_bytes}")
+
+    lines.append(f"\n.global _binary_{varname}_end")
+    lines.append(f"_binary_{varname}_end: /* for objcopy compatibility */")
+    lines.append(f"\n.global {varname}_length")
+    lines.append(f"{varname}_length:")
+    lines.append(f".long {len(data)}")
+    lines.append("")
+    lines.append('#if defined (__linux__)')
+    lines.append('.section .note.GNU-stack,"",@progbits')
+    lines.append("#endif")
+
+    asm_content = "\n".join(lines) + "\n"
+
+    # Write to app build dir and bootloader build dir
+    asm_path.write_text(asm_content)
+    bootloader_dir = build_dir / "bootloader"
+    if bootloader_dir.is_dir():
+        bootloader_bin = bootloader_dir / "signature_verification_key.bin"
+        bootloader_asm = bootloader_dir / "signature_verification_key.bin.S"
+        shutil.copyfile(str(bin_path), str(bootloader_bin))
+        bootloader_asm.write_text(asm_content)
+
+
 def sign_firmware(source, target, env):
     """
     Sign the firmware binary using espsecure.py if signed OTA verification is enabled.
@@ -55,9 +164,12 @@ def sign_firmware(source, target, env):
         env.Exit(1)
         return
 
-    # ESPHome only exposes RSA3072 and ECDSA256 (both Secure Boot V2 schemes),
-    # so the espsecure signature version is always 2.
-    sign_version = "2"
+    # Determine espsecure signature version from the signing scheme:
+    # V1 ECDSA (Secure Boot V1) uses --version 1, V2 RSA/ECDSA use --version 2.
+    if sdkconfig.get("CONFIG_SECURE_SIGNED_APPS_ECDSA_SCHEME") == "y":
+        sign_version = "1"
+    else:
+        sign_version = "2"
 
     firmware_name = os.path.basename(env.subst("$PROGNAME")) + ".bin"
     firmware_path = build_dir / firmware_name
@@ -217,6 +329,11 @@ def esp32_copy_ota_bin(source, target, env):
     print(f"Copied firmware to {new_file_name}")
 
 
+# Generate V1 ECDSA verification key files before build starts.
+# Workaround for PlatformIO not executing CMake custom commands that extract
+# the public key and generate the .S assembly file for Secure Boot V1.
+_generate_v1_verification_key(env)  # noqa: F821
+
 # Run signing first, then merge, then ota copy
 env.AddPostAction("$BUILD_DIR/${PROGNAME}.bin", sign_firmware)  # noqa: F821
 env.AddPostAction("$BUILD_DIR/${PROGNAME}.bin", merge_factory_bin)  # noqa: F821
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py
index 79d05049bf..c7b6b40394 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_USE_PSRAM
 from esphome.components.esp32 import add_idf_sdkconfig_option, const, get_esp32_variant
 from esphome.components.esp32.const import VARIANT_ESP32C2
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -342,6 +343,9 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
         cv.Optional(CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS, default=DEFAULT_MAX_CONNECTIONS): cv.All(
             cv.positive_int, cv.Range(min=1, max=IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS)
         ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_USE_PSRAM): cv.All(
+            cv.only_on_esp32, cv.requires_component("psram"), cv.boolean
+        ),
     }
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
@@ -598,6 +602,22 @@ async def to_code(config):
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_BT_ENABLED", True)
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_BT_BLE_42_FEATURES_SUPPORTED", True)
 
+    # When PSRAM and BT are used together, Bluedroid should prefer SPIRAM for
+    # heap allocations and use dynamic (heap-based) environment memory tables
+    # instead of large static DRAM arrays. This frees ~40 kB of internal RAM.
+    # Reference: Espressif ADF Design Considerations
+    # https://espressif-docs.readthedocs-hosted.com/projects/esp-adf/en/latest/
+    #            design-guide/design-considerations.html
+    if config.get(CONF_USE_PSRAM, False):
+        cg.add_define("USE_ESP32_BLE_PSRAM")
+        # CONFIG_BT_ALLOCATION_FROM_SPIRAM_FIRST is only available on ESP32
+        # (BTDM dual-mode controller). BLE-only SoCs (C3, S3, C2, H2) do not
+        # expose this Kconfig symbol; applying it there would cause a build error.
+        if get_esp32_variant() == const.VARIANT_ESP32:
+            add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_BT_ALLOCATION_FROM_SPIRAM_FIRST", True)
+        # CONFIG_BT_BLE_DYNAMIC_ENV_MEMORY applies to all Bluedroid-enabled variants.
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_BT_BLE_DYNAMIC_ENV_MEMORY", True)
+
     # Register the core BLE loggers that are always needed
     register_bt_logger(BTLoggers.GAP, BTLoggers.BTM, BTLoggers.HCI)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp
index 0280439731..6bbf0d6a26 100644
--- a/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp
@@ -257,11 +257,9 @@ bool ESP32BLE::ble_setup_() {
 
   if (this->name_ != nullptr) {
     if (App.is_name_add_mac_suffix_enabled()) {
-      // MAC address length: 12 hex chars + null terminator
-      constexpr size_t mac_address_len = 13;
       // MAC address suffix length (last 6 characters of 12-char MAC address string)
       constexpr size_t mac_address_suffix_len = 6;
-      char mac_addr[mac_address_len];
+      char mac_addr[MAC_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
       get_mac_address_into_buffer(mac_addr);
       const char *mac_suffix_ptr = mac_addr + mac_address_suffix_len;
       make_name_with_suffix_to(name_buffer, sizeof(name_buffer), this->name_, strlen(this->name_), '-', mac_suffix_ptr,
@@ -667,6 +665,9 @@ void ESP32BLE::dump_config() {
                   "  MAC address: %s\n"
                   "  IO Capability: %s",
                   mac_s, io_capability_s);
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_PSRAM
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  PSRAM BLE allocation: enabled");
+#endif
 
 #ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_EXTENDED_AUTH_PARAMS
     const char *auth_req_mode_s = "<default>";
diff --git a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h
index 3a87842315..17c84ee954 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ class EthernetComponent final : public Component {
   int reset_pin_{-1};
   int phy_addr_spi_{-1};
   int clock_speed_;
-  spi_host_device_t interface_{SPI3_HOST};
+  spi_host_device_t interface_{SPI2_HOST};
 #ifdef USE_ETHERNET_SPI_POLLING_SUPPORT
   uint32_t polling_interval_{0};
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/font/__init__.py b/esphome/components/font/__init__.py
index a1339a4bc1..a10c45a9d7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/font/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/font/__init__.py
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ def download_gfont(value):
             raise cv.Invalid(
                 f"Could not download font at {url}, please check the fonts exists "
                 f"at google fonts ({e})"
-            )
+            ) from e
         match = re.search(r"src:\s+url\((.+)\)\s+format\('truetype'\);", req.text)
         if match is None:
             raise cv.Invalid(
diff --git a/esphome/components/gpio/binary_sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/gpio/binary_sensor/__init__.py
index 3c2021d40e..390b26ba1d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gpio/binary_sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/gpio/binary_sensor/__init__.py
@@ -60,20 +60,35 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
-    var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
-    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+def _pin_shared_only_with_deep_sleep(pin_num: int) -> bool:
+    """Check if pin is shared exclusively with deep_sleep (wakeup pin)."""
+    pin_key = (CORE.target_platform, CORE.target_platform, pin_num)
+    pin_users = pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.pins_used.get(pin_key, [])
+    if len(pin_users) != 2:
+        return False
+    return any(path and path[0] == "deep_sleep" for path, _, _ in pin_users)
 
-    pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_PIN])
-    cg.add(var.set_pin(pin))
 
-    # Check for ESP8266 GPIO16 interrupt limitation
-    # GPIO16 on ESP8266 is a special pin that doesn't support interrupts through
-    # the Arduino attachInterrupt() function. This is the only known GPIO pin
-    # across all supported platforms that has this limitation, so we handle it
-    # here instead of in the platform-specific code.
+def _final_validate(config):
     use_interrupt = config[CONF_USE_INTERRUPT]
-    if use_interrupt and CORE.is_esp8266 and config[CONF_PIN][CONF_NUMBER] == 16:
+    if not use_interrupt:
+        return config
+
+    pin_num = config[CONF_PIN][CONF_NUMBER]
+
+    # Expander pins (e.g. PCF8574, MCP23017) don't support direct interrupt
+    # attachment — only internal/native GPIO pins do.
+    if pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.get_key(config[CONF_PIN]) != CORE.target_platform:
+        _LOGGER.info(
+            "GPIO binary_sensor '%s': Pin is not an internal GPIO, "
+            "falling back to polling mode.",
+            config.get(CONF_NAME, config[CONF_ID]),
+        )
+        config[CONF_USE_INTERRUPT] = False
+        return config
+
+    # GPIO16 on ESP8266 doesn't support interrupts through attachInterrupt().
+    if CORE.is_esp8266 and pin_num == 16:
         _LOGGER.warning(
             "GPIO binary_sensor '%s': GPIO16 on ESP8266 doesn't support interrupts. "
             "Falling back to polling mode (same as in ESPHome <2025.7). "
@@ -81,22 +96,45 @@ async def to_code(config):
             "performance with interrupts.",
             config.get(CONF_NAME, config[CONF_ID]),
         )
-        use_interrupt = False
+        config[CONF_USE_INTERRUPT] = False
+        return config
 
-    # Check if pin is shared with other components (allow_other_uses)
     # When a pin is shared, interrupts can interfere with other components
-    # (e.g., duty_cycle sensor) that need to monitor the pin's state changes
-    if use_interrupt and config[CONF_PIN].get(CONF_ALLOW_OTHER_USES, False):
-        _LOGGER.info(
-            "GPIO binary_sensor '%s': Disabling interrupts because pin %s is shared with other components. "
-            "The sensor will use polling mode for compatibility with other pin uses.",
-            config.get(CONF_NAME, config[CONF_ID]),
-            config[CONF_PIN][CONF_NUMBER],
-        )
-        use_interrupt = False
+    # (e.g., duty_cycle sensor) that need to monitor the pin's state changes.
+    # Exception: deep_sleep wakeup pins are compatible with interrupts when
+    # the pin is only shared between this sensor and deep_sleep (count == 2).
+    if config[CONF_PIN].get(CONF_ALLOW_OTHER_USES, False):
+        if not _pin_shared_only_with_deep_sleep(pin_num):
+            _LOGGER.info(
+                "GPIO binary_sensor '%s': Disabling interrupts because pin %s is shared "
+                "with other components. The sensor will use polling mode for "
+                "compatibility with other pin uses.",
+                config.get(CONF_NAME, config[CONF_ID]),
+                pin_num,
+            )
+            config[CONF_USE_INTERRUPT] = False
+        else:
+            _LOGGER.debug(
+                "GPIO binary_sensor '%s': Pin %s is shared with deep_sleep, "
+                "keeping interrupts enabled.",
+                config.get(CONF_NAME, config[CONF_ID]),
+                pin_num,
+            )
 
-    if use_interrupt:
+    return config
+
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+
+    pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_PIN])
+    cg.add(var.set_pin(pin))
+
+    if config[CONF_USE_INTERRUPT]:
         cg.add(var.set_interrupt_type(config[CONF_INTERRUPT_TYPE]))
     else:
-        # Only generate call when disabling interrupts (default is true)
-        cg.add(var.set_use_interrupt(use_interrupt))
+        cg.add(var.set_use_interrupt(False))
diff --git a/esphome/components/gpio/binary_sensor/gpio_binary_sensor.cpp b/esphome/components/gpio/binary_sensor/gpio_binary_sensor.cpp
index 39b1a2f713..1f0154c70b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/gpio/binary_sensor/gpio_binary_sensor.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/gpio/binary_sensor/gpio_binary_sensor.cpp
@@ -46,11 +46,6 @@ void GPIOBinarySensorStore::setup(InternalGPIOPin *pin, Component *component) {
 }
 
 void GPIOBinarySensor::setup() {
-  if (this->store_.use_interrupt_ && !this->pin_->is_internal()) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "GPIO is not internal, falling back to polling mode");
-    this->store_.use_interrupt_ = false;
-  }
-
   if (this->store_.use_interrupt_) {
     auto *internal_pin = static_cast<InternalGPIOPin *>(this->pin_);
     this->store_.setup(internal_pin, this);
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request.cpp b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request.cpp
index 2c74638f12..d45208ed5d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ void HttpRequestComponent::dump_config() {
 }
 
 std::string HttpContainer::get_response_header(const std::string &header_name) {
-  auto lower = str_lower_case(header_name);
+  auto lower = str_lower_case(header_name);  // NOLINT
   for (const auto &entry : this->response_headers_) {
     if (entry.name == lower) {
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Header with name %s found with value %s", lower.c_str(), entry.value.c_str());
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request.h b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request.h
index ae73983bab..f37bf77633 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request.h
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request.h
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#include "esphome/core/alloc_helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
@@ -400,7 +401,7 @@ class HttpRequestComponent : public Component {
     std::vector<std::string> lower;
     lower.reserve(collect_headers.size());
     for (const auto &h : collect_headers) {
-      lower.push_back(str_lower_case(h));
+      lower.push_back(str_lower_case(h));  // NOLINT
     }
     return this->perform(url, method, body, request_headers, lower);
   }
@@ -415,7 +416,7 @@ class HttpRequestComponent : public Component {
     std::vector<std::string> lower;
     lower.reserve(collect_headers.size());
     for (const auto &h : collect_headers) {
-      lower.push_back(str_lower_case(h));
+      lower.push_back(str_lower_case(h));  // NOLINT
     }
     return this->perform(url, method, body, std::vector<Header>(request_headers.begin(), request_headers.end()), lower);
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.cpp b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.cpp
index f0dd649285..05f9db1c06 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.cpp
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestArduino::perform(const std::string &ur
   container->response_headers_.clear();
   auto header_count = container->client_.headers();
   for (int i = 0; i < header_count; i++) {
-    const std::string header_name = str_lower_case(container->client_.headerName(i).c_str());
+    const std::string header_name = str_lower_case(container->client_.headerName(i).c_str());  // NOLINT
     if (should_collect_header(lower_case_collect_headers, header_name)) {
       std::string header_value = container->client_.header(i).c_str();
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Received response header, name: %s, value: %s", header_name.c_str(), header_value.c_str());
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_host.cpp b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_host.cpp
index 60ab4d68a0..85c6e8b3c7 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_host.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_host.cpp
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestHost::perform(const std::string &url,
   container->content_length = container->response_body_.size();
   for (auto header : response.headers) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Header: %s: %s", header.first.c_str(), header.second.c_str());
-    auto lower_name = str_lower_case(header.first);
+    auto lower_name = str_lower_case(header.first);  // NOLINT
     if (should_collect_header(lower_case_collect_headers, lower_name)) {
       container->response_headers_.push_back({lower_name, header.second});
     }
diff --git a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.cpp
index 30f53eecdc..3e341395a4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.cpp
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ esp_err_t HttpRequestIDF::http_event_handler(esp_http_client_event_t *evt) {
 
   switch (evt->event_id) {
     case HTTP_EVENT_ON_HEADER: {
-      const std::string header_name = str_lower_case(evt->header_key);
+      const std::string header_name = str_lower_case(evt->header_key);  // NOLINT
       if (should_collect_header(user_data->lower_case_collect_headers, header_name)) {
         const std::string header_value = evt->header_value;
         ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Received response header, name: %s, value: %s", header_name.c_str(), header_value.c_str());
diff --git a/esphome/components/ili9xxx/display.py b/esphome/components/ili9xxx/display.py
index 1f20b21a0e..b1d332c1e5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ili9xxx/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ili9xxx/display.py
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             try:
                 return Image.open(path)
             except Exception as e:
-                raise core.EsphomeError(f"Could not load image file {path}: {e}")
+                raise core.EsphomeError(f"Could not load image file {path}: {e}") from e
 
         # make a wide horizontal combined image.
         images = [load_image(x) for x in config[CONF_COLOR_PALETTE_IMAGES]]
diff --git a/esphome/components/ili9xxx/ili9xxx_defines.h b/esphome/components/ili9xxx/ili9xxx_defines.h
index f4c5aad957..70e0937f79 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ili9xxx/ili9xxx_defines.h
+++ b/esphome/components/ili9xxx/ili9xxx_defines.h
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <cstdint>
+
 namespace esphome {
 namespace ili9xxx {
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ili9xxx/ili9xxx_display.cpp b/esphome/components/ili9xxx/ili9xxx_display.cpp
index a3eff901d3..11acb8a73a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ili9xxx/ili9xxx_display.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ili9xxx/ili9xxx_display.cpp
@@ -229,6 +229,10 @@ void ILI9XXXDisplay::update() {
 }
 
 void ILI9XXXDisplay::display_() {
+  // buffer may be null if allocation failed
+  if (this->buffer_ == nullptr) {
+    return;
+  }
   // check if something was displayed
   if ((this->x_high_ < this->x_low_) || (this->y_high_ < this->y_low_)) {
     return;
diff --git a/esphome/components/image/__init__.py b/esphome/components/image/__init__.py
index 4a5fcc385e..8375ab91d3 100644
--- a/esphome/components/image/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/image/__init__.py
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_URL,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, HexInt
-from esphome.final_validate import full_config
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -676,12 +675,16 @@ def _final_validate(config):
     :param config:
     :return:
     """
-    fv = full_config.get()
-    if "lvgl" in fv and not all(CONF_BYTE_ORDER in x for x in config):
-        config = config.copy()
-        for c in config:
-            if not c.get(CONF_BYTE_ORDER):
-                c[CONF_BYTE_ORDER] = "LITTLE_ENDIAN"
+    config = config.copy()
+    for c in config:
+        if byte_order := c.get(CONF_BYTE_ORDER):
+            if byte_order == "BIG_ENDIAN":
+                _LOGGER.warning(
+                    "The image '%s' is configured with big-endian byte order, little-endian is expected",
+                    c.get(CONF_FILE),
+                )
+        else:
+            c[CONF_BYTE_ORDER] = "LITTLE_ENDIAN"
     return config
 
 
@@ -753,7 +756,7 @@ async def write_image(config, all_frames=False):
             for col in range(width):
                 encoder.encode(pixels[row * width + col])
             encoder.end_row()
-        encoder.end_image()
+    encoder.end_image()
 
     rhs = [HexInt(x) for x in encoder.data]
     prog_arr = cg.progmem_array(config[CONF_RAW_DATA_ID], rhs)
diff --git a/esphome/components/image/image.cpp b/esphome/components/image/image.cpp
index a6f9e35e2e..5b4ed6968c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/image/image.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/image/image.cpp
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ Color Image::get_rgb_pixel_(int x, int y) const {
 }
 Color Image::get_rgb565_pixel_(int x, int y) const {
   const uint8_t *pos = this->data_start_ + (x + y * this->width_) * this->bpp_ / 8;
-  uint16_t rgb565 = encode_uint16(progmem_read_byte(pos), progmem_read_byte(pos + 1));
+  uint16_t rgb565 = encode_uint16(progmem_read_byte(pos + 1), progmem_read_byte(pos));
   auto r = (rgb565 & 0xF800) >> 11;
   auto g = (rgb565 & 0x07E0) >> 5;
   auto b = rgb565 & 0x001F;
diff --git a/esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.cpp b/esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.cpp
index a502ae3c10..093e8c72dc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.cpp
@@ -766,32 +766,38 @@ void LD2412Component::get_distance_resolution_() { this->send_command_(CMD_QUERY
 void LD2412Component::query_light_control_() { this->send_command_(CMD_QUERY_LIGHT_CONTROL, nullptr, 0); }
 
 void LD2412Component::set_basic_config() {
+  uint8_t min_gate = 1;
+  uint8_t max_gate = TOTAL_GATES;
+  uint16_t timeout = DEFAULT_PRESENCE_TIMEOUT;
+  uint8_t out_pin_level = 0x01;
+
 #ifdef USE_NUMBER
-  if (!this->min_distance_gate_number_->has_state() || !this->max_distance_gate_number_->has_state() ||
-      !this->timeout_number_->has_state()) {
-    return;
+  if (this->min_distance_gate_number_ != nullptr) {
+    if (!this->min_distance_gate_number_->has_state())
+      return;
+    min_gate = static_cast<int>(this->min_distance_gate_number_->state);
+  }
+  if (this->max_distance_gate_number_ != nullptr) {
+    if (!this->max_distance_gate_number_->has_state())
+      return;
+    max_gate = static_cast<int>(this->max_distance_gate_number_->state) + 1;
+  }
+  if (this->timeout_number_ != nullptr) {
+    if (!this->timeout_number_->has_state())
+      return;
+    timeout = static_cast<int>(this->timeout_number_->state);
   }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
-  if (!this->out_pin_level_select_->has_state()) {
-    return;
+  if (this->out_pin_level_select_ != nullptr) {
+    if (!this->out_pin_level_select_->has_state())
+      return;
+    out_pin_level = find_uint8(OUT_PIN_LEVELS_BY_STR, this->out_pin_level_select_->current_option().c_str());
   }
 #endif
 
   uint8_t value[5] = {
-#ifdef USE_NUMBER
-      lowbyte(static_cast<int>(this->min_distance_gate_number_->state)),
-      lowbyte(static_cast<int>(this->max_distance_gate_number_->state) + 1),
-      lowbyte(static_cast<int>(this->timeout_number_->state)),
-      highbyte(static_cast<int>(this->timeout_number_->state)),
-#else
-      1,    TOTAL_GATES, DEFAULT_PRESENCE_TIMEOUT, 0,
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_SELECT
-      find_uint8(OUT_PIN_LEVELS_BY_STR, this->out_pin_level_select_->current_option().c_str()),
-#else
-      0x01,  // Default value if not using select
-#endif
+      lowbyte(min_gate), lowbyte(max_gate), lowbyte(timeout), highbyte(timeout), out_pin_level,
   };
   this->set_config_mode_(true);
   this->send_command_(CMD_BASIC_CONF, value, sizeof(value));
diff --git a/esphome/components/libretiny/__init__.py b/esphome/components/libretiny/__init__.py
index 656eee6d7b..40b8c8dc6c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/libretiny/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/libretiny/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import json
 import logging
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
 from esphome.core.config import BOARD_MAX_LENGTH
+from esphome.helpers import copy_file_if_changed
 from esphome.storage_json import StorageJSON
 
 from . import gpio  # noqa
@@ -441,6 +443,13 @@ async def component_to_code(config):
         # 4-8KB flash). Even if linked, it would use locks, so explicit FreeRTOS
         # mutexes are simpler and equivalent.
         cg.add_define(ThreadModel.MULTI_NO_ATOMICS)
+        # Enable FreeRTOS static allocation so FreeRTOSQueue can use
+        # xQueueCreateStatic (queue storage in BSS, no heap allocation).
+        # Also moves FreeRTOS internal structures (timer command queue) to BSS.
+        # BK72xx's FreeRTOSConfig.h doesn't define this, defaulting to 0.
+        # The -D wins over the #ifndef default in FreeRTOS.h.
+        # Not enabled on RTL87xx/LN882x — costs more heap than it saves there.
+        cg.add_build_flag("-DconfigSUPPORT_STATIC_ALLOCATION=1")
 
     # RTL8710B needs FreeRTOS 8.2.3+ for xTaskNotifyGive/ulTaskNotifyTake
     # required by AsyncTCP 3.4.3+ (https://github.com/esphome/esphome/issues/10220)
@@ -465,6 +474,11 @@ async def component_to_code(config):
         # it for project source files only. GCC uses the last -O flag.
         build_src_flags += " -Os"
     cg.add_platformio_option("build_src_flags", build_src_flags)
+    # IRAM_ATTR is a no-op on BK72xx (SDK masks FIQ+IRQ around flash ops).
+    # On other families, patch_linker.py routes .sram.text into the right
+    # RAM-executable output section and prints a post-link placement summary.
+    if FAMILY_COMPONENT[config[CONF_FAMILY]] != COMPONENT_BK72XX:
+        cg.add_platformio_option("extra_scripts", ["pre:patch_linker.py"])
     # dummy version code
     cg.add_define("USE_ARDUINO_VERSION_CODE", cg.RawExpression("VERSION_CODE(0, 0, 0)"))
     # decrease web server stack size (16k words -> 4k words)
@@ -549,3 +563,13 @@ async def component_to_code(config):
     _configure_lwip(config)
 
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
+
+
+# Called by writer.py
+def copy_files() -> None:
+    script_dir = Path(__file__).parent
+    patch_linker_file = script_dir / "patch_linker.py.script"
+    copy_file_if_changed(
+        patch_linker_file,
+        CORE.relative_build_path("patch_linker.py"),
+    )
diff --git a/esphome/components/libretiny/freertos_static_alloc.c b/esphome/components/libretiny/freertos_static_alloc.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..62b0524230
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/libretiny/freertos_static_alloc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/*
+ * FreeRTOS static allocation callbacks for LibreTiny platforms.
+ *
+ * Required when configSUPPORT_STATIC_ALLOCATION is enabled. These callbacks
+ * provide memory for the idle and timer tasks. Following ESP-IDF's approach,
+ * we allocate from the FreeRTOS heap (pvPortMalloc) rather than using truly
+ * static buffers, to avoid assumptions about memory layout.
+ *
+ * This enables xQueueCreateStatic, xTaskCreateStatic, etc. throughout ESPHome,
+ * allowing queue storage to live in BSS with zero runtime heap allocation.
+ */
+
+#ifdef USE_BK72XX
+
+#include <FreeRTOS.h>
+#include <task.h>
+
+#if (configSUPPORT_STATIC_ALLOCATION == 1)
+
+void vApplicationGetIdleTaskMemory(StaticTask_t **ppxIdleTaskTCBBuffer, StackType_t **ppxIdleTaskStackBuffer,
+                                   uint32_t *pulIdleTaskStackSize) {
+  /* Stack grows down on ARM — allocate stack first, then TCB,
+   * so the stack does not grow into the TCB. */
+  StackType_t *stack = (StackType_t *) pvPortMalloc(configMINIMAL_STACK_SIZE * sizeof(StackType_t));
+  StaticTask_t *tcb = (StaticTask_t *) pvPortMalloc(sizeof(StaticTask_t));
+  configASSERT(stack != NULL);
+  configASSERT(tcb != NULL);
+
+  *ppxIdleTaskTCBBuffer = tcb;
+  *ppxIdleTaskStackBuffer = stack;
+  *pulIdleTaskStackSize = configMINIMAL_STACK_SIZE;
+}
+
+#if (configUSE_TIMERS == 1)
+
+void vApplicationGetTimerTaskMemory(StaticTask_t **ppxTimerTaskTCBBuffer, StackType_t **ppxTimerTaskStackBuffer,
+                                    uint32_t *pulTimerTaskStackSize) {
+  StackType_t *stack = (StackType_t *) pvPortMalloc(configTIMER_TASK_STACK_DEPTH * sizeof(StackType_t));
+  StaticTask_t *tcb = (StaticTask_t *) pvPortMalloc(sizeof(StaticTask_t));
+  configASSERT(stack != NULL);
+  configASSERT(tcb != NULL);
+
+  *ppxTimerTaskTCBBuffer = tcb;
+  *ppxTimerTaskStackBuffer = stack;
+  *pulTimerTaskStackSize = configTIMER_TASK_STACK_DEPTH;
+}
+
+#endif /* configUSE_TIMERS */
+
+#endif /* configSUPPORT_STATIC_ALLOCATION */
+
+#endif /* USE_BK72XX */
diff --git a/esphome/components/libretiny/generate_components.py b/esphome/components/libretiny/generate_components.py
index 41b4389446..d5437895a6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/libretiny/generate_components.py
+++ b/esphome/components/libretiny/generate_components.py
@@ -79,6 +79,11 @@ async def to_code(config):
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register("{COMPONENT_LOWER}", PIN_SCHEMA)
 async def pin_to_code(config):
     return await libretiny.gpio.component_pin_to_code(config)
+
+
+# Called by writer.py; delegates to the shared libretiny implementation.
+def copy_files() -> None:
+    libretiny.copy_files()
 '''
 
 BASE_CODE_BOARDS = '''
diff --git a/esphome/components/libretiny/patch_linker.py.script b/esphome/components/libretiny/patch_linker.py.script
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..282a31d3f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/libretiny/patch_linker.py.script
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+# pylint: disable=E0602
+Import("env")  # noqa
+
+import os
+import re
+import subprocess
+
+# ESPHome marks ISR code IRAM_ATTR, which on LibreTiny maps to a per-family
+# section routed into RAM-executable memory (see esphome/core/hal.h).
+#
+# This script is NOT loaded on BK72xx (IRAM_ATTR is a no-op there; the SDK
+# masks FIQ+IRQ around flash writes). On the remaining families:
+# - RTL8710B: hal.h uses section(".image2.ram.text"); stock linker consumes it.
+# - RTL8720C: hal.h uses section(".sram.text"); stock linker consumes it.
+# - LN882H: stock linker has no glob for ".sram.text", so we inject
+#   KEEP(*(.sram.text*)) into ".flash_copysection" (> RAM0 AT> FLASH).
+#
+# All families also get a post-link summary showing where IRAM_ATTR landed.
+
+
+_MARKER = "/* esphome .sram.text */"
+# Strong assignments (not PROVIDE) so the symbols are always emitted in the
+# ELF; PROVIDE symbols with no references can be garbage-collected.
+_KEEP_LINE = (
+    "    __esphome_sram_text_start = .; "
+    "KEEP(*(.sram.text*)) "
+    "__esphome_sram_text_end = .; "
+    + _MARKER + "\n"
+)
+_LN_COPY = re.compile(r"(\.flash_copysection\s*:\s*\{\s*\n)")
+
+
+def _detect(env):
+    prefix = "USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_"
+    # CPPDEFINES may hold strings or (name, value) tuples; BUILD_FLAGS holds
+    # the raw "-DNAME" strings. PlatformIO populates both, but the exact order
+    # vs. extra_scripts varies, so check both to be robust.
+    for token in env.get("CPPDEFINES", []):
+        if isinstance(token, (list, tuple)):
+            token = token[0]
+        if isinstance(token, str) and token.startswith(prefix):
+            return token[len(prefix):]
+    for flag in env.get("BUILD_FLAGS", []):
+        if isinstance(flag, str) and "-D" + prefix in flag:
+            name = flag.split("-D", 1)[1].split("=", 1)[0].strip()
+            if name.startswith(prefix):
+                return name[len(prefix):]
+    return None
+
+
+KNOWN_VARIANTS = frozenset({
+    "LN882H",
+    "RTL8710B",
+    "RTL8720C",
+})
+
+
+def _inject_keep(host_section):
+    """Return a patcher that injects _KEEP_LINE at the top of `host_section`."""
+    def patch(content):
+        if _MARKER in content:
+            return content
+        return host_section.sub(r"\1" + _KEEP_LINE, content, count=1)
+    return patch
+
+
+# Variants not listed here intentionally have no .ld patcher:
+# - RTL8710B: hal.h uses section(".image2.ram.text") which the stock linker
+#   already routes into .ram_image2.text (> BD_RAM).
+# - RTL8720C: stock linker already consumes *(.sram.text*).
+# - BK72xx (all): SDK masks FIQ+IRQ around flash writes, IRAM_ATTR is no-op.
+_PATCHERS_BY_VARIANT = {
+    "LN882H": (_inject_keep(_LN_COPY),),
+}
+
+
+def _patchers_for(variant):
+    return _PATCHERS_BY_VARIANT.get(variant, ())
+
+
+def _pre_link(target, source, env):
+    build_dir = env.subst("$BUILD_DIR")
+    ld_files = [f for f in os.listdir(build_dir) if f.endswith(".ld")]
+    patched = 0
+    for name in ld_files:
+        path = os.path.join(build_dir, name)
+        with open(path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as fh:
+            original = fh.read()
+        if _MARKER in original:
+            patched += 1
+            continue
+        content = original
+        for fn in _patchers:
+            content = fn(content)
+        if content != original:
+            with open(path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as fh:
+                fh.write(content)
+            print("ESPHome: patched {} for IRAM_ATTR placement".format(name))
+            patched += 1
+    if not patched:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "ESPHome: no .ld in {} was patched for IRAM_ATTR. Update the "
+            "regex in patch_linker.py.script (_PATCHERS_BY_VARIANT).".format(
+                build_dir
+            )
+        )
+
+
+# Substrings matched against demangled names as a fallback on RTL8720C,
+# where we cannot inject __esphome_sram_text_start/end markers.
+_FALLBACK_SUBSTRINGS = ("wake_loop_any_context", "wake_loop_isrsafe",
+                        "enable_loop_soon_any_context")
+
+
+def _post_link(target, source, env):
+    """Print where IRAM_ATTR ended up so users can confirm at a glance."""
+    elf = env.subst("$BUILD_DIR/${PROGNAME}.elf")
+    if not os.path.isfile(elf):
+        return
+    nm = env.subst("$NM")
+    try:
+        out = subprocess.check_output(
+            [nm, "--defined-only", "--demangle", elf], text=True
+        )
+    except (OSError, subprocess.CalledProcessError) as exc:
+        print("ESPHome: IRAM_ATTR summary unavailable (nm failed: {})".format(exc))
+        return
+    start = end = None
+    fallback = []
+    for line in out.splitlines():
+        parts = line.split(maxsplit=2)
+        if len(parts) != 3:
+            continue
+        addr_str, _kind, name = parts
+        if name == "__esphome_sram_text_start":
+            start = int(addr_str, 16)
+        elif name == "__esphome_sram_text_end":
+            end = int(addr_str, 16)
+        elif "veneer" not in name and any(s in name for s in _FALLBACK_SUBSTRINGS):
+            fallback.append(int(addr_str, 16))
+    print("ESPHome: IRAM_ATTR placement summary ({}):".format(_variant))
+    if start is not None and end is not None:
+        print("  .sram.text:  {} bytes at 0x{:08x} - 0x{:08x}".format(end - start, start, end))
+    elif fallback:
+        lo, hi = min(fallback), max(fallback)
+        print("  IRAM symbols at 0x{:08x} - 0x{:08x} (approx {} bytes)".format(lo, hi, hi - lo))
+    else:
+        print("  no IRAM_ATTR symbols found")
+
+
+if (_variant := _detect(env)) is None:
+    raise RuntimeError(
+        "ESPHome: could not determine LibreTiny variant from build flags. "
+        "patch_linker.py needs USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_* to route IRAM_ATTR "
+        "into SRAM; without it, ISR handlers would silently end up in flash."
+    )
+if _variant not in KNOWN_VARIANTS:
+    raise RuntimeError(
+        "ESPHome: unknown LibreTiny variant {!r}; patch_linker.py does not "
+        "know how to route IRAM_ATTR into SRAM for this family. Update "
+        "patch_linker.py.script before shipping firmware.".format(_variant)
+    )
+
+if _patchers := _patchers_for(_variant):
+    # LibreTiny writes the processed .ld templates into $BUILD_DIR during its
+    # own builder setup, which may run after this script. Register the patch
+    # as a pre-link action so it executes once the linker scripts exist.
+    env.AddPreAction("$BUILD_DIR/${PROGNAME}.elf", _pre_link)
+
+# Post-link summary for every family that reaches this script.
+env.AddPostAction("$BUILD_DIR/${PROGNAME}.elf", _post_link)
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/light_call.cpp b/esphome/components/light/light_call.cpp
index a749cd7305..7b28065e4e 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/light_call.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/light/light_call.cpp
@@ -10,13 +10,10 @@ namespace esphome::light {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "light";
 
-// Helper functions to reduce code size for logging
-static void clamp_and_log_if_invalid(const char *name, float &value, const LogString *param_name, float min = 0.0f,
-                                     float max = 1.0f) {
-  if (value < min || value > max) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s': %s value %.2f is out of range [%.1f - %.1f]", name, LOG_STR_ARG(param_name), value, min, max);
-    value = clamp(value, min, max);
-  }
+// Cold-path logger; caller handles the clamp so the in-range hot path avoids
+// the spill/reload around the call.
+static void log_value_out_of_range(const char *name, float value, const LogString *param_name, float min, float max) {
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s': %s value %.2f is out of range [%.1f - %.1f]", name, LOG_STR_ARG(param_name), value, min, max);
 }
 
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_WARN
@@ -57,6 +54,12 @@ static void log_invalid_parameter(const char *name, const LogString *message) {
 PROGMEM_STRING_TABLE(ColorModeHumanStrings, "Unknown", "On/Off", "Brightness", "White", "Color temperature",
                      "Cold/warm white", "RGB", "RGBW", "RGB + color temperature", "RGB + cold/warm white");
 
+// Indices 0-7 match FieldFlags bits 0-7; index 8 is color_temperature.
+// PROGMEM_STRING_TABLE is constexpr-init (no RAM guard variable).
+PROGMEM_STRING_TABLE(ValidateFieldNames, "Brightness", "Color brightness", "Red", "Green", "Blue", "White",
+                     "Cold white", "Warm white", "Color temperature");
+static constexpr uint8_t VALIDATE_CT_INDEX = 8;
+
 static const LogString *color_mode_to_human(ColorMode color_mode) {
   return ColorModeHumanStrings::get_log_str(ColorModeBitPolicy::to_bit(color_mode), 0);
 }
@@ -277,25 +280,37 @@ LightColorValues LightCall::validate_() {
   if (this->has_state())
     v.set_state(this->state_);
 
-    // clamp_and_log_if_invalid already clamps in-place, so assign directly
-    // to avoid redundant clamp code from the setter being inlined.
-#define VALIDATE_AND_APPLY(field, name_str, ...) \
-  if (this->has_##field()) { \
-    clamp_and_log_if_invalid(name, this->field##_, LOG_STR(name_str), ##__VA_ARGS__); \
-    v.field##_ = this->field##_; \
+  // FieldFlags bits 0-7 must match unit_fields_ array indices.
+  static_assert(FLAG_HAS_BRIGHTNESS == 1u << 0 && FLAG_HAS_COLOR_BRIGHTNESS == 1u << 1 && FLAG_HAS_RED == 1u << 2 &&
+                    FLAG_HAS_GREEN == 1u << 3 && FLAG_HAS_BLUE == 1u << 4 && FLAG_HAS_WHITE == 1u << 5 &&
+                    FLAG_HAS_COLD_WHITE == 1u << 6 && FLAG_HAS_WARM_WHITE == 1u << 7,
+                "FieldFlags bits 0-7 must match unit_fields_ indices");
+
+  // Iterate set bits only (ctz + clear-lowest) — HA can drive perform()
+  // at high frequency so the hot path is O(popcount).
+  unsigned active = this->flags_ & CLAMP_FLAGS_MASK;
+  while (active != 0) {
+    unsigned bit = __builtin_ctz(active);
+    active &= active - 1;  // clear lowest set bit
+    float &value = this->unit_fields_[bit];
+    if (float_out_of_unit_range(value)) {
+      log_value_out_of_range(name, value, ValidateFieldNames::get_log_str(bit, 0), 0.0f, 1.0f);
+      value = clamp_unit_float(value);
+    }
+    v.unit_fields_[bit] = value;
   }
 
-  VALIDATE_AND_APPLY(brightness, "Brightness")
-  VALIDATE_AND_APPLY(color_brightness, "Color brightness")
-  VALIDATE_AND_APPLY(red, "Red")
-  VALIDATE_AND_APPLY(green, "Green")
-  VALIDATE_AND_APPLY(blue, "Blue")
-  VALIDATE_AND_APPLY(white, "White")
-  VALIDATE_AND_APPLY(cold_white, "Cold white")
-  VALIDATE_AND_APPLY(warm_white, "Warm white")
-  VALIDATE_AND_APPLY(color_temperature, "Color temperature", traits.get_min_mireds(), traits.get_max_mireds())
-
-#undef VALIDATE_AND_APPLY
+  // color_temperature: runtime range from traits.
+  if (this->has_color_temperature()) {
+    const float ct_min = traits.get_min_mireds();
+    const float ct_max = traits.get_max_mireds();
+    if (this->color_temperature_ < ct_min || this->color_temperature_ > ct_max) {
+      log_value_out_of_range(name, this->color_temperature_, ValidateFieldNames::get_log_str(VALIDATE_CT_INDEX, 0),
+                             ct_min, ct_max);
+      this->color_temperature_ = clamp(this->color_temperature_, ct_min, ct_max);
+    }
+    v.color_temperature_ = this->color_temperature_;
+  }
 
   v.normalize_color();
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/light_call.h b/esphome/components/light/light_call.h
index 88d29bd349..e3352de727 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/light_call.h
+++ b/esphome/components/light/light_call.h
@@ -195,25 +195,26 @@ class LightCall {
   /// Some color modes also can be set using non-native parameters, transform those calls.
   void transform_parameters_(const LightTraits &traits);
 
-  // Bitfield flags - each flag indicates whether a corresponding value has been set.
+  // Bits 0-7 index unit_fields_[] in validate_(); don't reorder (asserts in light_call.cpp).
   enum FieldFlags : uint16_t {
-    FLAG_HAS_STATE = 1 << 0,
-    FLAG_HAS_TRANSITION = 1 << 1,
-    FLAG_HAS_FLASH = 1 << 2,
-    FLAG_HAS_EFFECT = 1 << 3,
-    FLAG_HAS_BRIGHTNESS = 1 << 4,
-    FLAG_HAS_COLOR_BRIGHTNESS = 1 << 5,
-    FLAG_HAS_RED = 1 << 6,
-    FLAG_HAS_GREEN = 1 << 7,
-    FLAG_HAS_BLUE = 1 << 8,
-    FLAG_HAS_WHITE = 1 << 9,
-    FLAG_HAS_COLOR_TEMPERATURE = 1 << 10,
-    FLAG_HAS_COLD_WHITE = 1 << 11,
-    FLAG_HAS_WARM_WHITE = 1 << 12,
+    FLAG_HAS_BRIGHTNESS = 1 << 0,
+    FLAG_HAS_COLOR_BRIGHTNESS = 1 << 1,
+    FLAG_HAS_RED = 1 << 2,
+    FLAG_HAS_GREEN = 1 << 3,
+    FLAG_HAS_BLUE = 1 << 4,
+    FLAG_HAS_WHITE = 1 << 5,
+    FLAG_HAS_COLD_WHITE = 1 << 6,
+    FLAG_HAS_WARM_WHITE = 1 << 7,
+    FLAG_HAS_COLOR_TEMPERATURE = 1 << 8,
+    FLAG_HAS_STATE = 1 << 9,
+    FLAG_HAS_TRANSITION = 1 << 10,
+    FLAG_HAS_FLASH = 1 << 11,
+    FLAG_HAS_EFFECT = 1 << 12,
     FLAG_HAS_COLOR_MODE = 1 << 13,
     FLAG_PUBLISH = 1 << 14,
     FLAG_SAVE = 1 << 15,
   };
+  static constexpr uint16_t CLAMP_FLAGS_MASK = 0x00FFu;  // bits 0-7
 
   inline bool has_transition_() { return (this->flags_ & FLAG_HAS_TRANSITION) != 0; }
   inline bool has_flash_() { return (this->flags_ & FLAG_HAS_FLASH) != 0; }
@@ -222,7 +223,7 @@ class LightCall {
   inline bool get_save_() { return (this->flags_ & FLAG_SAVE) != 0; }
 
   // Helper to set flag - defaults to true for common case
-  void set_flag_(FieldFlags flag, bool value = true) {
+  void set_flag_(FieldFlags flag, bool value = true) ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE {
     if (value) {
       this->flags_ |= flag;
     } else {
@@ -231,7 +232,7 @@ class LightCall {
   }
 
   // Helper to clear flag - reduces code size for common case
-  void clear_flag_(FieldFlags flag) { this->flags_ &= ~flag; }
+  void clear_flag_(FieldFlags flag) ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE { this->flags_ &= ~flag; }
 
   // Helper to log unsupported feature and clear flag - reduces code duplication
   void log_and_clear_unsupported_(FieldFlags flag, const LogString *feature, bool use_color_mode_log);
@@ -239,19 +240,11 @@ class LightCall {
   LightState *parent_;
 
   // Light state values - use flags_ to check if a value has been set.
-  // Group 4-byte aligned members first
   uint32_t transition_length_;
   uint32_t flash_length_;
   uint32_t effect_;
-  float brightness_;
-  float color_brightness_;
-  float red_;
-  float green_;
-  float blue_;
-  float white_;
+  ESPHOME_LIGHT_UNIT_FIELDS_UNION();
   float color_temperature_;
-  float cold_white_;
-  float warm_white_;
 
   // Smaller members at the end for better packing
   uint16_t flags_{FLAG_PUBLISH | FLAG_SAVE};  // Tracks which values are set
diff --git a/esphome/components/light/light_color_values.h b/esphome/components/light/light_color_values.h
index fa286a3941..5cafa9fe82 100644
--- a/esphome/components/light/light_color_values.h
+++ b/esphome/components/light/light_color_values.h
@@ -3,11 +3,62 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "color_mode.h"
 #include <cmath>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <limits>
 
 namespace esphome::light {
 
 inline static uint8_t to_uint8_scale(float x) { return static_cast<uint8_t>(roundf(x * 255.0f)); }
 
+// IEEE 754 bit patterns. Values in [0.0f, 1.0f] have bits <= ONE_F_BITS;
+// negatives have the sign bit set (→ huge unsigned). A single unsigned compare
+// replaces two soft-float __ltsf2/__gtsf2 calls on ESP8266.
+static constexpr uint32_t ONE_F_BITS = 0x3F800000u;       // 1.0f
+static constexpr uint32_t NEG_ZERO_F_BITS = 0x80000000u;  // -0.0f / sign-bit mask
+static_assert(sizeof(float) == sizeof(uint32_t), "float must be 32-bit");
+static_assert(std::numeric_limits<float>::is_iec559, "IEEE 754 float required");
+
+// Union pun — memcpy/bit_cast don't fold on xtensa-gcc (see api/proto.h).
+// -0.0f is numerically zero so it's reported in range (no warning, no clamp).
+inline bool float_out_of_unit_range(float x) {
+  union {
+    float f;
+    uint32_t u;
+  } pun;
+  pun.f = x;
+  return pun.u > ONE_F_BITS && pun.u != NEG_ZERO_F_BITS;
+}
+
+// Clamps to [0.0f, 1.0f] without float compares. Out of range: sign bit set
+// (negatives, -NaN, -Inf) → 0.0f; sign bit clear (>1, +NaN, +Inf) → 1.0f.
+inline float clamp_unit_float(float x) {
+  union {
+    float f;
+    uint32_t u;
+  } pun;
+  pun.f = x;
+  if (pun.u <= ONE_F_BITS)
+    return x;
+  return (pun.u & NEG_ZERO_F_BITS) ? 0.0f : 1.0f;  // sign bit → negative → clamp to 0
+}
+
+// Shared anonymous union: eight unit-range floats alias unit_fields_[8] so
+// LightCall::validate_() can iterate them as a real array. GCC/Clang ext.
+#define ESPHOME_LIGHT_UNIT_FIELDS_UNION() \
+  union { \
+    struct { \
+      float brightness_; \
+      float color_brightness_; \
+      float red_; \
+      float green_; \
+      float blue_; \
+      float white_; \
+      float cold_white_; \
+      float warm_white_; \
+    }; \
+    float unit_fields_[8]; \
+  }
+
 /** This class represents the color state for a light object.
  *
  * The representation of the color state is dependent on the active color mode. A color mode consists of multiple
@@ -52,9 +103,9 @@ class LightColorValues {
         green_(1.0f),
         blue_(1.0f),
         white_(1.0f),
-        color_temperature_{0.0f},
         cold_white_{1.0f},
         warm_white_{1.0f},
+        color_temperature_{0.0f},
         color_mode_(ColorMode::UNKNOWN) {}
 
   LightColorValues(ColorMode color_mode, float state, float brightness, float color_brightness, float red, float green,
@@ -220,39 +271,39 @@ class LightColorValues {
   /// Get the binary true/false state of these light color values.
   bool is_on() const { return this->get_state() != 0.0f; }
   /// Set the state of these light color values. In range from 0.0 (off) to 1.0 (on)
-  void set_state(float state) { this->state_ = clamp(state, 0.0f, 1.0f); }
+  void set_state(float state) { this->state_ = clamp_unit_float(state); }
   /// Set the state of these light color values as a binary true/false.
   void set_state(bool state) { this->state_ = state ? 1.0f : 0.0f; }
 
   /// Get the brightness property of these light color values. In range 0.0 to 1.0
   float get_brightness() const { return this->brightness_; }
   /// Set the brightness property of these light color values. In range 0.0 to 1.0
-  void set_brightness(float brightness) { this->brightness_ = clamp(brightness, 0.0f, 1.0f); }
+  void set_brightness(float brightness) { this->brightness_ = clamp_unit_float(brightness); }
 
   /// Get the color brightness property of these light color values. In range 0.0 to 1.0
   float get_color_brightness() const { return this->color_brightness_; }
   /// Set the color brightness property of these light color values. In range 0.0 to 1.0
-  void set_color_brightness(float brightness) { this->color_brightness_ = clamp(brightness, 0.0f, 1.0f); }
+  void set_color_brightness(float brightness) { this->color_brightness_ = clamp_unit_float(brightness); }
 
   /// Get the red property of these light color values. In range 0.0 to 1.0
   float get_red() const { return this->red_; }
   /// Set the red property of these light color values. In range 0.0 to 1.0
-  void set_red(float red) { this->red_ = clamp(red, 0.0f, 1.0f); }
+  void set_red(float red) { this->red_ = clamp_unit_float(red); }
 
   /// Get the green property of these light color values. In range 0.0 to 1.0
   float get_green() const { return this->green_; }
   /// Set the green property of these light color values. In range 0.0 to 1.0
-  void set_green(float green) { this->green_ = clamp(green, 0.0f, 1.0f); }
+  void set_green(float green) { this->green_ = clamp_unit_float(green); }
 
   /// Get the blue property of these light color values. In range 0.0 to 1.0
   float get_blue() const { return this->blue_; }
   /// Set the blue property of these light color values. In range 0.0 to 1.0
-  void set_blue(float blue) { this->blue_ = clamp(blue, 0.0f, 1.0f); }
+  void set_blue(float blue) { this->blue_ = clamp_unit_float(blue); }
 
   /// Get the white property of these light color values. In range 0.0 to 1.0
   float get_white() const { return white_; }
   /// Set the white property of these light color values. In range 0.0 to 1.0
-  void set_white(float white) { this->white_ = clamp(white, 0.0f, 1.0f); }
+  void set_white(float white) { this->white_ = clamp_unit_float(white); }
 
   /// Get the color temperature property of these light color values in mired.
   float get_color_temperature() const { return this->color_temperature_; }
@@ -277,26 +328,19 @@ class LightColorValues {
   /// Get the cold white property of these light color values. In range 0.0 to 1.0.
   float get_cold_white() const { return this->cold_white_; }
   /// Set the cold white property of these light color values. In range 0.0 to 1.0.
-  void set_cold_white(float cold_white) { this->cold_white_ = clamp(cold_white, 0.0f, 1.0f); }
+  void set_cold_white(float cold_white) { this->cold_white_ = clamp_unit_float(cold_white); }
 
   /// Get the warm white property of these light color values. In range 0.0 to 1.0.
   float get_warm_white() const { return this->warm_white_; }
   /// Set the warm white property of these light color values. In range 0.0 to 1.0.
-  void set_warm_white(float warm_white) { this->warm_white_ = clamp(warm_white, 0.0f, 1.0f); }
+  void set_warm_white(float warm_white) { this->warm_white_ = clamp_unit_float(warm_white); }
 
   friend class LightCall;
 
  protected:
   float state_;  ///< ON / OFF, float for transition
-  float brightness_;
-  float color_brightness_;
-  float red_;
-  float green_;
-  float blue_;
-  float white_;
+  ESPHOME_LIGHT_UNIT_FIELDS_UNION();
   float color_temperature_;  ///< Color Temperature in Mired
-  float cold_white_;
-  float warm_white_;
   ColorMode color_mode_;
 };
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ln882x/__init__.py b/esphome/components/ln882x/__init__.py
index 5c637bdf62..9c91827522 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ln882x/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/ln882x/__init__.py
@@ -65,3 +65,8 @@ async def to_code(config):
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register("ln882x", PIN_SCHEMA)
 async def pin_to_code(config):
     return await libretiny.gpio.component_pin_to_code(config)
+
+
+# Called by writer.py; delegates to the shared libretiny implementation.
+def copy_files() -> None:
+    libretiny.copy_files()
diff --git a/esphome/components/lock/__init__.py b/esphome/components/lock/__init__.py
index 1a45896ac1..a36d52a5d8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lock/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lock/__init__.py
@@ -35,9 +35,11 @@ LockStateForwarder = lock_ns.class_("LockStateForwarder")
 LockState = lock_ns.enum("LockState")
 
 LOCK_STATES = {
+    "OPEN": LockState.LOCK_STATE_OPEN,
     "LOCKED": LockState.LOCK_STATE_LOCKED,
     "UNLOCKED": LockState.LOCK_STATE_UNLOCKED,
     "JAMMED": LockState.LOCK_STATE_JAMMED,
+    "OPENING": LockState.LOCK_STATE_OPENING,
     "LOCKING": LockState.LOCK_STATE_LOCKING,
     "UNLOCKING": LockState.LOCK_STATE_UNLOCKING,
 }
diff --git a/esphome/components/lock/lock.cpp b/esphome/components/lock/lock.cpp
index 3ff131af3d..66eb692bd5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lock/lock.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/lock/lock.cpp
@@ -8,9 +8,10 @@ namespace esphome::lock {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "lock";
 
-// Lock state strings indexed by LockState enum (0-5): NONE(UNKNOWN), LOCKED, UNLOCKED, JAMMED, LOCKING, UNLOCKING
+// Lock state strings indexed by LockState enum.
 // Index 0 is UNKNOWN (for LOCK_STATE_NONE), also used as fallback for out-of-range
-PROGMEM_STRING_TABLE(LockStateStrings, "UNKNOWN", "LOCKED", "UNLOCKED", "JAMMED", "LOCKING", "UNLOCKING");
+PROGMEM_STRING_TABLE(LockStateStrings, "UNKNOWN", "LOCKED", "UNLOCKED", "JAMMED", "LOCKING", "UNLOCKING", "OPENING",
+                     "OPEN");
 
 const LogString *lock_state_to_string(LockState state) {
   return LockStateStrings::get_log_str(static_cast<uint8_t>(state), 0);
@@ -74,12 +75,16 @@ LockCall &LockCall::set_state(optional<LockState> state) {
   return *this;
 }
 LockCall &LockCall::set_state(const char *state) {
-  if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(state, ESPHOME_PSTR("LOCKED")) == 0) {
+  if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(state, ESPHOME_PSTR("OPEN")) == 0) {
+    this->set_state(LOCK_STATE_OPEN);
+  } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(state, ESPHOME_PSTR("LOCKED")) == 0) {
     this->set_state(LOCK_STATE_LOCKED);
   } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(state, ESPHOME_PSTR("UNLOCKED")) == 0) {
     this->set_state(LOCK_STATE_UNLOCKED);
   } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(state, ESPHOME_PSTR("JAMMED")) == 0) {
     this->set_state(LOCK_STATE_JAMMED);
+  } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(state, ESPHOME_PSTR("OPENING")) == 0) {
+    this->set_state(LOCK_STATE_OPENING);
   } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(state, ESPHOME_PSTR("LOCKING")) == 0) {
     this->set_state(LOCK_STATE_LOCKING);
   } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(state, ESPHOME_PSTR("UNLOCKING")) == 0) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/lock/lock.h b/esphome/components/lock/lock.h
index 543a4b51a8..86a9cdd3fb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lock/lock.h
+++ b/esphome/components/lock/lock.h
@@ -26,7 +26,9 @@ enum LockState : uint8_t {
   LOCK_STATE_UNLOCKED = 2,
   LOCK_STATE_JAMMED = 3,
   LOCK_STATE_LOCKING = 4,
-  LOCK_STATE_UNLOCKING = 5
+  LOCK_STATE_UNLOCKING = 5,
+  LOCK_STATE_OPENING = 6,
+  LOCK_STATE_OPEN = 7,
 };
 const LogString *lock_state_to_string(LockState state);
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/ltr390/ltr390.cpp b/esphome/components/ltr390/ltr390.cpp
index ba4a7ea5cb..033f31a3d1 100644
--- a/esphome/components/ltr390/ltr390.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/ltr390/ltr390.cpp
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ optional<uint32_t> LTR390Component::read_sensor_data_(LTR390MODE mode) {
   uint8_t buffer[num_bytes];
 
   // Wait until data available
+  constexpr uint32_t max_wait_ms = 25;
   const uint32_t now = millis();
   while (true) {
     std::bitset<8> status = this->reg(LTR390_MAIN_STATUS).get();
@@ -52,12 +53,12 @@ optional<uint32_t> LTR390Component::read_sensor_data_(LTR390MODE mode) {
     if (available)
       break;
 
-    if (millis() - now > 100) {
+    if (millis() - now > max_wait_ms) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Sensor didn't return any data, aborting");
       return {};
     }
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Waiting for data");
-    delay(2);
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Waiting for data");
+    delay(1);
   }
 
   if (!this->read_bytes(MODEADDRESSES[mode], buffer, num_bytes)) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/__init__.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/__init__.py
index b6421dc43d..ac0363ca69 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/__init__.py
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ from esphome.core import CORE, ID, Lambda
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
 from esphome.final_validate import full_config
 from esphome.helpers import write_file_if_changed
+from esphome.writer import clean_build
 from esphome.yaml_util import load_yaml
 
 from . import defines as df, helpers, lv_validation as lvalid, widgets
@@ -451,7 +452,8 @@ async def to_code(configs):
         df.add_define(f"LV_DRAW_SW_SUPPORT_{fmt}", "1")
 
     lv_conf_h_file = CORE.relative_src_path(LV_CONF_FILENAME)
-    write_file_if_changed(lv_conf_h_file, generate_lv_conf_h())
+    if write_file_if_changed(lv_conf_h_file, generate_lv_conf_h()):
+        clean_build(clear_pio_cache=False)
     cg.add_build_flag("-DLV_CONF_H=1")
     # handle windows paths in a way that doesn't break the generated C++
     lv_conf_h_path = Path(lv_conf_h_file).as_posix()
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/hello_world.yaml b/esphome/components/lvgl/hello_world.yaml
index bbbd34e30a..7bf068cc5d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/hello_world.yaml
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/hello_world.yaml
@@ -89,10 +89,12 @@
                       id: hello_world_label_
                       text: "Hello World!"
                       align: center
-            - obj:
+            - container:
                 id: hello_world_qrcode_
                 outline_width: 0
                 border_width: 0
+                height: 100
+                width: 100
                 hidden: !lambda |-
                     return lv_obj_get_width(lv_screen_active()) < 300 && lv_obj_get_height(lv_screen_active()) < 400;
                 widgets:
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp b/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp
index ce9b013dcf..d8248e4aa4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp
@@ -642,26 +642,28 @@ void LvglComponent::write_random_() {
   int iterations = 6 - lv_display_get_inactive_time(this->disp_) / 60000;
   if (iterations <= 0)
     iterations = 1;
+  int16_t width = lv_display_get_horizontal_resolution(this->disp_);
+  int16_t height = lv_display_get_vertical_resolution(this->disp_);
   while (iterations-- != 0) {
-    int32_t col = random_uint32() % this->width_;
+    int32_t col = random_uint32() % width;
     col = col / this->draw_rounding * this->draw_rounding;
-    int32_t row = random_uint32() % this->height_;
+    int32_t row = random_uint32() % height;
     row = row / this->draw_rounding * this->draw_rounding;
     // size will be between 8 and 32, and a multiple of draw_rounding
     int32_t size = (random_uint32() % 25 + 8) / this->draw_rounding * this->draw_rounding;
-    lv_area_t area{col, row, col + size - 1, row + size - 1};
+    lv_area_t area{.x1 = col, .y1 = row, .x2 = col + size - 1, .y2 = row + size - 1};
     // clip to display bounds just in case
-    if (area.x2 >= this->width_)
-      area.x2 = this->width_ - 1;
-    if (area.y2 >= this->height_)
-      area.y2 = this->height_ - 1;
+    if (area.x2 >= width)
+      area.x2 = width - 1;
+    if (area.y2 >= height)
+      area.y2 = height - 1;
 
     // line_len can't exceed 1024, and minimum buffer size is 2048, so this won't overflow the buffer
     size_t line_len = lv_area_get_width(&area) * lv_area_get_height(&area) / 2;
     for (size_t i = 0; i != line_len; i++) {
-      ((uint32_t *) (this->draw_buf_))[i] = random_uint32();
+      reinterpret_cast<uint32_t *>(this->draw_buf_)[i] = random_uint32();
     }
-    this->draw_buffer_(&area, (lv_color_data *) this->draw_buf_);
+    this->draw_buffer_(&area, reinterpret_cast<lv_color_data *>(this->draw_buf_));
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.h b/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.h
index 3ba258b1a2..146866f5bd 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.h
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.h
@@ -76,16 +76,23 @@ inline void lv_style_set_text_font(lv_style_t *style, const font::Font *font) {
 }
 #endif
 #if defined(USE_LVGL_IMAGE) && defined(USE_IMAGE)
-// Shortcut / overload, so that the source of an image can easily be updated
-// from within a lambda.
-inline void lv_image_set_src(lv_obj_t *obj, image::Image *image) { lv_image_set_src(obj, image->get_lv_image_dsc()); }
+#if LV_USE_IMAGE
+// Shortcut / overload, so that the source of an image widget can easily be updated from within a lambda.
+inline void lv_image_set_src(lv_obj_t *obj, image::Image *image) { ::lv_image_set_src(obj, image->get_lv_image_dsc()); }
+#endif  // LV_USE_IMAGE
 
 inline void lv_obj_set_style_bitmap_mask_src(lv_obj_t *obj, image::Image *image, lv_style_selector_t selector) {
-  lv_obj_set_style_bitmap_mask_src(obj, image->get_lv_image_dsc(), selector);
+  ::lv_obj_set_style_bitmap_mask_src(obj, image->get_lv_image_dsc(), selector);
 }
 
 inline void lv_obj_set_style_bg_image_src(lv_obj_t *obj, image::Image *image, lv_style_selector_t selector) {
-  lv_obj_set_style_bg_image_src(obj, image->get_lv_image_dsc(), selector);
+  ::lv_obj_set_style_bg_image_src(obj, image->get_lv_image_dsc(), selector);
+}
+inline void lv_style_set_bg_image_src(lv_style_t *style, image::Image *image) {
+  ::lv_style_set_bg_image_src(style, image->get_lv_image_dsc());
+}
+inline void lv_style_set_bitmap_mask_src(lv_style_t *style, image::Image *image) {
+  ::lv_style_set_bitmap_mask_src(style, image->get_lv_image_dsc());
 }
 #endif  // USE_LVGL_IMAGE
 #ifdef USE_LVGL_ANIMIMG
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/arc.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/arc.py
index 9eaf3dadce..ac993cc382 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/arc.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/arc.py
@@ -77,8 +77,11 @@ class ArcType(NumberType):
                 # start_angle and end_angle are mapped to bg_start_angle and bg_end_angle
                 prop = str(prop)
                 if prop.endswith("_angle"):
-                    prop = "bg_" + prop
-                await w.set_property(prop, config, processor=validator)
+                    await w.set_property(
+                        "bg_" + prop, await validator.process(config.get(prop))
+                    )
+                else:
+                    await w.set_property(prop, config, processor=validator)
         if CONF_ADJUSTABLE in config:
             if not config[CONF_ADJUSTABLE]:
                 lv_obj.remove_style(w.obj, nullptr, LV_PART.KNOB)
diff --git a/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/keyboard.py b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/keyboard.py
index 029ca5f684..c5628cee3c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/keyboard.py
+++ b/esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/keyboard.py
@@ -52,19 +52,23 @@ class KeyboardType(WidgetType):
         if mode := config.get(CONF_MODE):
             await w.set_property(CONF_MODE, await KEYBOARD_MODES.process(mode))
         if textarea := config.get(CONF_TEXTAREA):
-            # If a textarea is configured, it must be generated before the keyboard can attach it.
-            # If not yet configured, defer the attachment code.
+            if not is_widget_completed(textarea):
+                # Can only happen for an initial config, where the keyboard is configured before the
+                # textarea, so it's ok to always emit into the global context
+                async def add_textarea():
+                    async with LvContext():
+                        await w.set_property(
+                            CONF_TEXTAREA,
+                            (await get_widgets(config, CONF_TEXTAREA))[0].obj,
+                        )
 
-            async def add_textarea():
-                async with LvContext():
-                    await w.set_property(
-                        CONF_TEXTAREA, (await get_widgets(config, CONF_TEXTAREA))[0].obj
-                    )
-
-            if is_widget_completed(textarea):
-                await add_textarea()
-            else:
                 CORE.add_job(add_textarea)
+            else:
+                # Handles updates in automations, and properly ordered initial config. Code is generated
+                # into the enclosing context (main or lambda)
+                await w.set_property(
+                    CONF_TEXTAREA, (await get_widgets(config, CONF_TEXTAREA))[0].obj
+                )
 
 
 keyboard_spec = KeyboardType()
diff --git a/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/__init__.py b/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/__init__.py
index 5ab1e4bb80..22d2098de0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/micro_wake_word/__init__.py
@@ -454,12 +454,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
     # Pin esp-nn for stable future builds (esp-tflite-micro depends on esp-nn)
     esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp-nn", ref="1.1.2")
 
+    esp32.add_idf_component(name="esphome/esp-micro-speech-features", ref="1.2.3")
+
     cg.add_build_flag("-DTF_LITE_STATIC_MEMORY")
     cg.add_build_flag("-DTF_LITE_DISABLE_X86_NEON")
     cg.add_build_flag("-DESP_NN")
 
-    cg.add_library("kahrendt/ESPMicroSpeechFeatures", "1.1.0")
-
     if vad_model := config.get(CONF_VAD):
         cg.add_define("USE_MICRO_WAKE_WORD_VAD")
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/models/seeed.py b/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/models/seeed.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..290b0e07ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_dsi/models/seeed.py
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+from esphome.components.mipi import DriverChip
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+
+# Standalone display
+# Product page: https://www.seeedstudio.com/reTerminal-D1001-p-6729.html
+DriverChip(
+    "SEEED-RETERMINAL-D1001",
+    height=1280,
+    width=800,
+    hsync_back_porch=20,
+    hsync_pulse_width=20,
+    hsync_front_porch=40,
+    vsync_back_porch=12,
+    vsync_pulse_width=4,
+    vsync_front_porch=30,
+    pclk_frequency="80MHz",
+    lane_bit_rate="1.5Gbps",
+    swap_xy=cv.UNDEFINED,
+    color_order="RGB",
+    enable_pin=[{"xl9535": None, "number": 0}, {"xl9535": None, "number": 7}],
+    reset_pin={"xl9535": None, "number": 2},
+    initsequence=(
+        (0xE0, 0x00),
+        (0xE1, 0x93),
+        (0xE2, 0x65),
+        (0xE3, 0xF8),
+        (0x80, 0x01),
+    ),
+)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/sunton.py b/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/sunton.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a33625dfe4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_rgb/models/sunton.py
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+from esphome.components.mipi import DriverChip
+from esphome.config_validation import UNDEFINED
+
+# fmt: off
+sunton = DriverChip(
+    "ESP32-8048S070",
+    swap_xy=UNDEFINED,
+    initsequence=(),
+    width=800,
+    height=480,
+    pclk_frequency="12.5MHz",
+    de_pin=41,
+    hsync_pin=39,
+    vsync_pin=40,
+    pclk_pin=42,
+    hsync_pulse_width=30,
+    hsync_back_porch=16,
+    hsync_front_porch=210,
+    vsync_pulse_width=13,
+    vsync_back_porch=10,
+    vsync_front_porch=22,
+    data_pins={
+        "red": [14, 21, 47, 48, 45],
+        "green": [9, 46, 3, 8, 16, 1],
+        "blue": [15, 7, 6, 5, 4],
+    },
+)
+
+sunton.extend(
+    "ESP32-8048S050",
+    swap_xy=UNDEFINED,
+    initsequence=(),
+    width=800,
+    height=480,
+    pclk_frequency="16MHz",
+    de_pin=40,
+    hsync_pin=39,
+    vsync_pin=41,
+    pclk_pin=42,
+    hsync_back_porch=8,
+    hsync_front_porch=8,
+    hsync_pulse_width=4,
+    vsync_back_porch=8,
+    vsync_front_porch=8,
+    vsync_pulse_width=4,
+    data_pins={
+        "red": [45, 48, 47, 21, 14],
+        "green": [5, 6, 7, 15, 16, 4],
+        "blue": [8, 3, 46, 9, 1],
+    },
+)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/display.py b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/display.py
index 42c7ec2224..364ada9046 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/display.py
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ def model_schema(config):
                     "big_endian", "little_endian", lower=True
                 ),
                 model.option(CONF_COLOR_DEPTH, 16): cv.one_of(*color_depth, lower=True),
-                model.option(CONF_DRAW_ROUNDING, 2): power_of_two,
+                model.option(CONF_DRAW_ROUNDING, 1): power_of_two,
                 model.option(CONF_PIXEL_MODE, DISPLAY_16BIT): cv.one_of(
                     *pixel_modes, lower=True
                 ),
@@ -297,9 +297,9 @@ def _final_validate(config):
 
         buffer_size = color_depth // 8 * width * height // frac
         # Target a buffer size of 20kB, except for large displays, which shouldn't end up here
-        fraction = min(20000.0, buffer_size // 16) / buffer_size
+        fraction = min(20000.0, buffer_size // 4) / buffer_size
         config[CONF_BUFFER_SIZE] = 1.0 / next(
-            x for x in range(2, 17) if fraction >= 1 / x
+            (x for x in range(2, 8) if fraction >= 1 / x), 8
         )
 
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/mipi_spi.h b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/mipi_spi.h
index 2242be6c17..f292345893 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/mipi_spi.h
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/mipi_spi.h
@@ -546,13 +546,12 @@ class MipiSpiBuffer : public MipiSpi<BUFFERTYPE, BUFFERPIXEL, IS_BIG_ENDIAN, DIS
     }
     // for updates with a small buffer, we repeatedly call the writer_ function, clipping the height to a fraction of
     // the display height,
-    for (this->start_line_ = 0; this->start_line_ < this->get_height_internal();
-         this->start_line_ += this->get_height_internal() / FRACTION) {
+    auto increment = (this->get_height_internal() / FRACTION / ROUNDING) * ROUNDING;
+    for (this->start_line_ = 0; this->start_line_ < this->get_height_internal(); this->start_line_ = this->end_line_) {
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL == ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
       auto lap = millis();
 #endif
-      this->end_line_ =
-          clamp_at_most(this->start_line_ + this->get_height_internal() / FRACTION, this->get_height_internal());
+      this->end_line_ = clamp_at_most(this->start_line_ + increment, this->get_height_internal());
       if (this->auto_clear_enabled_) {
         this->clear();
       }
@@ -574,12 +573,13 @@ class MipiSpiBuffer : public MipiSpi<BUFFERTYPE, BUFFERPIXEL, IS_BIG_ENDIAN, DIS
       // Some chips require that the drawing window be aligned on certain boundaries
       this->x_low_ = this->x_low_ / ROUNDING * ROUNDING;
       this->y_low_ = this->y_low_ / ROUNDING * ROUNDING;
-      this->x_high_ = (this->x_high_ + ROUNDING) / ROUNDING * ROUNDING - 1;
-      this->y_high_ = (this->y_high_ + ROUNDING) / ROUNDING * ROUNDING - 1;
+      this->x_high_ = round_buffer(this->x_high_ + 1) - 1;
+      this->y_high_ = clamp_at_most(round_buffer(this->y_high_ + 1) - 1, this->end_line_ - 1);
       int w = this->x_high_ - this->x_low_ + 1;
       int h = this->y_high_ - this->y_low_ + 1;
       this->write_to_display_(this->x_low_, this->y_low_, w, h, this->buffer_, this->x_low_,
-                              this->y_low_ - this->start_line_, round_buffer(this->get_width_internal()) - w);
+                              this->y_low_ - this->start_line_,
+                              round_buffer(this->get_width_internal()) - w - this->x_low_);
       // invalidate watermarks
       this->x_low_ = this->get_width_internal();
       this->y_low_ = this->get_height_internal();
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/cyd.py b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/cyd.py
index 7229412f18..0a35cb4fee 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/cyd.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/cyd.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-from .ili import ILI9341, ILI9342, ST7789V
+from esphome.const import CONF_IGNORE_STRAPPING_WARNING, CONF_NUMBER
+
+from .ili import GC9A01A, ILI9341, ILI9342, ST7789V
 
 ILI9341.extend(
     # ESP32-2432S028 CYD board with Micro USB, has ILI9341 controller
@@ -43,3 +45,10 @@ ILI9342.extend(
         (0xE1, 0x00, 0x0B, 0x11, 0x05, 0x13, 0x09, 0x33, 0x67, 0x48, 0x07, 0x0E, 0x0B, 0x23, 0x33, 0x0F),  # Negative Gamma Correction
     )
 )
+
+GC9A01A.extend(
+    "ESP32-2424S012",
+    invert_colors=True,
+    cs_pin=10,
+    dc_pin={CONF_NUMBER: 2, CONF_IGNORE_STRAPPING_WARNING: True},
+)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/ili.py b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/ili.py
index 6b672b0859..ae6accb907 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/ili.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/ili.py
@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ ST7789V = DriverChip(
         ),
     ),
 )
-DriverChip(
+GC9A01A = DriverChip(
     "GC9A01A",
     mirror_x=True,
     width=240,
diff --git a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/waveshare.py b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/waveshare.py
index cc86101f5e..ee8bd06700 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/waveshare.py
+++ b/esphome/components/mipi_spi/models/waveshare.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ from esphome.components.mipi import (
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 
 from .amoled import CO5300
-from .ili import ILI9488_A
+from .ili import ILI9488_A, ST7789V
 from .jc import AXS15231
 
 DriverChip(
@@ -243,3 +243,15 @@ ST7789P.extend(
         ),
     ),
 )
+
+ST7789V.extend(
+    "WAVESHARE-ESP32-C6-LCD-1.47",
+    width=172,
+    height=320,
+    offset_width=34,
+    invert_colors=True,
+    data_rate="40MHz",
+    reset_pin=21,
+    cs_pin=14,
+    dc_pin={"number": 15, "ignore_strapping_warning": True},
+)
diff --git a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_climate.cpp b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_climate.cpp
index 40ddb88a79..284339e57f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_climate.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/mitsubishi_cn105/mitsubishi_cn105_climate.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ namespace esphome::mitsubishi_cn105 {
 static const char *const TAG = "mitsubishi_cn105.climate";
 
 static constexpr std::array MODE_MAP{
-    std::pair{MitsubishiCN105::Mode::AUTO, climate::CLIMATE_MODE_AUTO},
+    std::pair{MitsubishiCN105::Mode::AUTO, climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT_COOL},
     std::pair{MitsubishiCN105::Mode::HEAT, climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT},
     std::pair{MitsubishiCN105::Mode::DRY, climate::CLIMATE_MODE_DRY},
     std::pair{MitsubishiCN105::Mode::COOL, climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL},
@@ -76,23 +76,13 @@ void MitsubishiCN105Climate::loop() {
 climate::ClimateTraits MitsubishiCN105Climate::traits() {
   climate::ClimateTraits traits;
 
-  traits.set_supported_modes({
-      climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF,
-      climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL,
-      climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT,
-      climate::CLIMATE_MODE_DRY,
-      climate::CLIMATE_MODE_FAN_ONLY,
-      climate::CLIMATE_MODE_AUTO,
-  });
+  for (const auto &p : MODE_MAP) {
+    traits.add_supported_mode(p.second);
+  }
 
-  traits.set_supported_fan_modes({
-      climate::CLIMATE_FAN_AUTO,
-      climate::CLIMATE_FAN_QUIET,
-      climate::CLIMATE_FAN_LOW,
-      climate::CLIMATE_FAN_MEDIUM,
-      climate::CLIMATE_FAN_MIDDLE,
-      climate::CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH,
-  });
+  for (const auto &p : FAN_MODE_MAP) {
+    traits.add_supported_fan_mode(p.second);
+  }
 
   traits.set_visual_min_temperature(16.0f);
   traits.set_visual_max_temperature(31.0f);
diff --git a/esphome/components/modbus/modbus_helpers.cpp b/esphome/components/modbus/modbus_helpers.cpp
index 77190b2846..89dc3c08bc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/modbus/modbus_helpers.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/modbus/modbus_helpers.cpp
@@ -5,6 +5,29 @@ namespace esphome::modbus::helpers {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "modbus_helpers";
 
+static size_t required_payload_size(SensorValueType sensor_value_type) {
+  switch (sensor_value_type) {
+    case SensorValueType::U_WORD:
+    case SensorValueType::S_WORD:
+      return 2;
+    case SensorValueType::U_DWORD:
+    case SensorValueType::FP32:
+    case SensorValueType::U_DWORD_R:
+    case SensorValueType::FP32_R:
+    case SensorValueType::S_DWORD:
+    case SensorValueType::S_DWORD_R:
+      return 4;
+    case SensorValueType::U_QWORD:
+    case SensorValueType::S_QWORD:
+    case SensorValueType::U_QWORD_R:
+    case SensorValueType::S_QWORD_R:
+      return 8;
+    case SensorValueType::RAW:
+    default:
+      return 0;
+  }
+}
+
 void number_to_payload(std::vector<uint16_t> &data, int64_t value, SensorValueType value_type) {
   switch (value_type) {
     case SensorValueType::U_WORD:
@@ -47,93 +70,70 @@ int64_t payload_to_number(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, SensorValueType sens
                           uint32_t bitmask) {
   int64_t value = 0;  // int64_t because it can hold signed and unsigned 32 bits
 
-  if (offset > data.size()) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "not enough data for value");
+  // Validate offset against the buffer for all types, including RAW/unsupported, so
+  // a malformed or misconfigured frame still produces an error log.
+  if (static_cast<size_t>(offset) > data.size()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "not enough data for value type=%u offset=%u size=%zu", static_cast<unsigned int>(sensor_value_type),
+             static_cast<unsigned int>(offset), data.size());
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  const size_t required_size = required_payload_size(sensor_value_type);
+  if (required_size == 0) {
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  if (data.size() - offset < required_size) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "not enough data for value type=%u offset=%u size=%zu required=%zu",
+             static_cast<unsigned int>(sensor_value_type), static_cast<unsigned int>(offset), data.size(),
+             required_size);
     return value;
   }
 
-  size_t size = data.size() - offset;
-  bool error = false;
   switch (sensor_value_type) {
     case SensorValueType::U_WORD:
-      if (size >= 2) {
-        value = mask_and_shift_by_rightbit(get_data<uint16_t>(data, offset),
-                                           bitmask);  // default is 0xFFFF ;
-      } else {
-        error = true;
-      }
+      value = mask_and_shift_by_rightbit(get_data<uint16_t>(data, offset), bitmask);  // default is 0xFFFF ;
       break;
     case SensorValueType::U_DWORD:
     case SensorValueType::FP32:
-      if (size >= 4) {
-        value = get_data<uint32_t>(data, offset);
-        value = mask_and_shift_by_rightbit((uint32_t) value, bitmask);
-      } else {
-        error = true;
-      }
+      value = get_data<uint32_t>(data, offset);
+      value = mask_and_shift_by_rightbit((uint32_t) value, bitmask);
       break;
     case SensorValueType::U_DWORD_R:
     case SensorValueType::FP32_R:
-      if (size >= 4) {
-        value = get_data<uint32_t>(data, offset);
-        value = static_cast<uint32_t>(value & 0xFFFF) << 16 | (value & 0xFFFF0000) >> 16;
-        value = mask_and_shift_by_rightbit((uint32_t) value, bitmask);
-      } else {
-        error = true;
-      }
+      value = get_data<uint32_t>(data, offset);
+      value = static_cast<uint32_t>(value & 0xFFFF) << 16 | (value & 0xFFFF0000) >> 16;
+      value = mask_and_shift_by_rightbit((uint32_t) value, bitmask);
       break;
     case SensorValueType::S_WORD:
-      if (size >= 2) {
-        value = mask_and_shift_by_rightbit(get_data<int16_t>(data, offset),
-                                           bitmask);  // default is 0xFFFF ;
-      } else {
-        error = true;
-      }
+      value = mask_and_shift_by_rightbit(get_data<int16_t>(data, offset), bitmask);  // default is 0xFFFF ;
       break;
     case SensorValueType::S_DWORD:
-      if (size >= 4) {
-        value = mask_and_shift_by_rightbit(get_data<int32_t>(data, offset), bitmask);
-      } else {
-        error = true;
-      }
+      value = mask_and_shift_by_rightbit(get_data<int32_t>(data, offset), bitmask);
       break;
     case SensorValueType::S_DWORD_R: {
-      if (size >= 4) {
-        value = get_data<uint32_t>(data, offset);
-        // Currently the high word is at the low position
-        // the sign bit is therefore at low before the switch
-        uint32_t sign_bit = (value & 0x8000) << 16;
-        value = mask_and_shift_by_rightbit(
-            static_cast<int32_t>(((value & 0x7FFF) << 16 | (value & 0xFFFF0000) >> 16) | sign_bit), bitmask);
-      } else {
-        error = true;
-      }
+      value = get_data<uint32_t>(data, offset);
+      // Currently the high word is at the low position
+      // the sign bit is therefore at low before the switch
+      uint32_t sign_bit = (value & 0x8000) << 16;
+      value = mask_and_shift_by_rightbit(
+          static_cast<int32_t>(((value & 0x7FFF) << 16 | (value & 0xFFFF0000) >> 16) | sign_bit), bitmask);
     } break;
     case SensorValueType::U_QWORD:
     case SensorValueType::S_QWORD:
       // Ignore bitmask for QWORD
-      if (size >= 8) {
-        value = get_data<uint64_t>(data, offset);
-      } else {
-        error = true;
-      }
+      value = get_data<uint64_t>(data, offset);
       break;
     case SensorValueType::U_QWORD_R:
     case SensorValueType::S_QWORD_R: {
       // Ignore bitmask for QWORD
-      if (size >= 8) {
-        uint64_t tmp = get_data<uint64_t>(data, offset);
-        value = (tmp << 48) | (tmp >> 48) | ((tmp & 0xFFFF0000) << 16) | ((tmp >> 16) & 0xFFFF0000);
-      } else {
-        error = true;
-      }
+      uint64_t tmp = get_data<uint64_t>(data, offset);
+      value = (tmp << 48) | (tmp >> 48) | ((tmp & 0xFFFF0000) << 16) | ((tmp >> 16) & 0xFFFF0000);
     } break;
     case SensorValueType::RAW:
     default:
       break;
   }
-  if (error)
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "not enough data for value");
   return value;
 }
 }  // namespace esphome::modbus::helpers
diff --git a/esphome/components/packages/__init__.py b/esphome/components/packages/__init__.py
index 3f3df75351..b6ec0067c9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/packages/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/packages/__init__.py
@@ -8,8 +8,11 @@ from typing import Any
 from esphome import git, yaml_util
 from esphome.components.substitutions import (
     ContextVars,
+    ErrList,
     push_context,
+    raise_first_undefined,
     resolve_include,
+    resolve_substitutions_block,
     substitute,
 )
 from esphome.components.substitutions.jinja import has_jinja
@@ -39,6 +42,11 @@ DOMAIN = CONF_PACKAGES
 # Guard against infinite include chains (e.g. A includes B includes A).
 MAX_INCLUDE_DEPTH = 20
 
+PackageCallback = Callable[
+    [dict | str | yaml_util.IncludeFile, ContextVars | None, yaml_util.DocumentPath],
+    dict,
+]
+
 
 def is_remote_package(package_config: dict) -> bool:
     """Returns True if the package_config is a remote package definition."""
@@ -278,8 +286,9 @@ def _process_remote_package(config: dict, skip_update: bool = False) -> dict:
 
 def _walk_package_dict(
     packages: dict,
-    callback: Callable[[dict, ContextVars | None], dict],
+    callback: PackageCallback,
     context: ContextVars | None,
+    path: yaml_util.DocumentPath,
 ) -> cv.Invalid | None:
     """Iterate a packages dict in reverse priority order, invoking callback on each entry.
 
@@ -288,7 +297,9 @@ def _walk_package_dict(
     for package_name, package_config in reversed(packages.items()):
         with cv.prepend_path(package_name):
             try:
-                packages[package_name] = callback(package_config, context)
+                packages[package_name] = callback(
+                    package_config, context, path + [package_name]
+                )
             except cv.Invalid as err:
                 return err
     return None
@@ -296,20 +307,22 @@ def _walk_package_dict(
 
 def _walk_package_list(
     packages: list,
-    callback: Callable[[dict, ContextVars | None], dict],
+    callback: PackageCallback,
     context: ContextVars | None,
+    path: yaml_util.DocumentPath,
 ) -> None:
     """Iterate a packages list in reverse priority order, invoking callback on each entry."""
     for idx in reversed(range(len(packages))):
         with cv.prepend_path(idx):
-            packages[idx] = callback(packages[idx], context)
+            packages[idx] = callback(packages[idx], context, path + [idx])
 
 
 def _walk_packages(
     config: dict,
-    callback: Callable[[dict, ContextVars | None], dict],
+    callback: PackageCallback,
     context: ContextVars | None = None,
     validate_deprecated: bool = True,
+    path: yaml_util.DocumentPath | None = None,
 ) -> dict:
     """Walks the packages structure in priority order, invoking ``callback`` on each package definition found.
 
@@ -320,19 +333,24 @@ def _walk_packages(
     if CONF_PACKAGES not in config:
         return config
     packages = config[CONF_PACKAGES]
+    packages_path = (path or []) + [CONF_PACKAGES]
 
     with cv.prepend_path(CONF_PACKAGES):
         if isinstance(packages, yaml_util.IncludeFile):
             # If the packages key is an IncludeFile, resolve it first before processing.
-            packages, _ = resolve_include(packages, [], context, strict_undefined=False)
+            packages = resolve_include(
+                packages, packages_path, context, strict_undefined=False
+            )
         if not isinstance(packages, (dict, list)):
             raise cv.Invalid(
                 f"Packages must be a key to value mapping or list, got {type(packages)} instead"
             )
 
         if not isinstance(packages, dict):
-            _walk_package_list(packages, callback, context)
-        elif (result := _walk_package_dict(packages, callback, context)) is not None:
+            _walk_package_list(packages, callback, context, packages_path)
+        elif (
+            result := _walk_package_dict(packages, callback, context, packages_path)
+        ) is not None:
             if not validate_deprecated or any(
                 is_package_definition(v) for v in packages.values()
             ):
@@ -341,14 +359,18 @@ def _walk_packages(
             # This block can be removed once the single-package
             # deprecation period (2026.7.0) is over.
             config[CONF_PACKAGES] = [packages]
-            return _walk_packages(deprecate_single_package(config), callback, context)
+            return _walk_packages(
+                deprecate_single_package(config), callback, context, path=path
+            )
 
     config[CONF_PACKAGES] = packages
     return config
 
 
 def _substitute_package_definition(
-    package_config: dict | str, context_vars: ContextVars | None
+    package_config: dict | str,
+    context_vars: ContextVars | None,
+    path: yaml_util.DocumentPath | None = None,
 ) -> dict | str:
     """Substitute variables in a package definition string or remote package dict.
 
@@ -359,12 +381,19 @@ def _substitute_package_definition(
     if isinstance(package_config, str) or (
         isinstance(package_config, dict) and is_remote_package(package_config)
     ):
+        # Collect undefined-variable errors (rather than raising strict) so the
+        # path walked through a remote-package dict is preserved and the user
+        # sees which field (url / path / ref / ...) referenced the undefined
+        # variable.
+        errors: ErrList = []
         package_config = substitute(
             item=package_config,
-            path=[],
+            path=path or [],
             parent_context=context_vars or ContextVars(),
             strict_undefined=False,
+            errors=errors,
         )
+        raise_first_undefined(errors, "package definition")
     return package_config
 
 
@@ -422,6 +451,7 @@ class _PackageProcessor:
         self,
         package_config: dict | str | yaml_util.IncludeFile,
         context_vars: ContextVars | None,
+        path: yaml_util.DocumentPath,
     ) -> dict:
         """Resolve a package definition to a concrete ``dict`` and fetch remote packages.
 
@@ -444,15 +474,15 @@ class _PackageProcessor:
         """
         for _ in range(MAX_INCLUDE_DEPTH):
             if isinstance(package_config, yaml_util.IncludeFile):
-                package_config, _ = resolve_include(
+                package_config = resolve_include(
                     package_config,
-                    [],
+                    path,
                     context_vars or ContextVars(),
                     strict_undefined=False,
                 )
 
             package_config = _substitute_package_definition(
-                package_config, context_vars
+                package_config, context_vars, path
             )
             package_config = PACKAGE_SCHEMA(package_config)
             if isinstance(package_config, dict):
@@ -473,13 +503,16 @@ class _PackageProcessor:
             _update_substitutions_context(self.parent_context, subs)
 
     def process_package(
-        self, package_config: dict | str, context_vars: ContextVars | None
+        self,
+        package_config: dict | str,
+        context_vars: ContextVars | None,
+        path: yaml_util.DocumentPath,
     ) -> dict:
         """Resolve a single package and recurse into any nested packages."""
         from_remote = isinstance(package_config, dict) and is_remote_package(
             package_config
         )
-        package_config = self.resolve_package(package_config, context_vars)
+        package_config = self.resolve_package(package_config, context_vars, path)
         self.collect_substitutions(package_config)
 
         if CONF_PACKAGES not in package_config:
@@ -499,6 +532,7 @@ class _PackageProcessor:
             self.process_package,
             context_vars,
             validate_deprecated=not from_remote,
+            path=path,
         )
 
 
@@ -516,7 +550,12 @@ def do_packages_pass(
     if CONF_PACKAGES not in config:
         return config
 
-    substitutions = UserDict(config.pop(CONF_SUBSTITUTIONS, {}))
+    with cv.prepend_path(CONF_SUBSTITUTIONS):
+        substitutions = UserDict(
+            resolve_substitutions_block(
+                config.pop(CONF_SUBSTITUTIONS, {}), command_line_substitutions
+            )
+        )
     processor = _PackageProcessor(
         substitutions, command_line_substitutions, skip_update
     )
@@ -550,11 +589,13 @@ def merge_packages(config: dict) -> dict:
     merge_list: list[dict] = []
 
     def process_package_callback(
-        package_config: dict, context: ContextVars | None
+        package_config: dict,
+        context: ContextVars | None,
+        path: yaml_util.DocumentPath | None = None,
     ) -> dict:
         """This will be called for each package found in the config."""
         merge_list.append(package_config)
-        return _walk_packages(package_config, process_package_callback)
+        return _walk_packages(package_config, process_package_callback, path=path)
 
     _walk_packages(config, process_package_callback, validate_deprecated=False)
     # Merge all packages into the main config:
diff --git a/esphome/components/pcf85063/pcf85063.cpp b/esphome/components/pcf85063/pcf85063.cpp
index 1cf28a4955..000de1433c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pcf85063/pcf85063.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pcf85063/pcf85063.cpp
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ void PCF85063Component::read_time() {
       .year = uint16_t(pcf85063_.reg.year + 10u * pcf85063_.reg.year_10 + 2000),
   };
   rtc_time.recalc_timestamp_utc(false);
-  if (!rtc_time.is_valid()) {
+  if (!rtc_time.is_valid(/*check_day_of_week=*/true, /*check_day_of_year=*/false)) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid RTC time, not syncing to system clock.");
     return;
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/pcf8563/pcf8563.cpp b/esphome/components/pcf8563/pcf8563.cpp
index b748f0156a..50003ca378 100644
--- a/esphome/components/pcf8563/pcf8563.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/pcf8563/pcf8563.cpp
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ void PCF8563Component::read_time() {
       .year = uint16_t(pcf8563_.reg.year + 10u * pcf8563_.reg.year_10 + 2000),
   };
   rtc_time.recalc_timestamp_utc(false);
-  if (!rtc_time.is_valid()) {
+  if (!rtc_time.is_valid(/*check_day_of_week=*/true, /*check_day_of_year=*/false)) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid RTC time, not syncing to system clock.");
     return;
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/qmc5883l/qmc5883l.cpp b/esphome/components/qmc5883l/qmc5883l.cpp
index bc2adb5cfe..44bd006c1a 100644
--- a/esphome/components/qmc5883l/qmc5883l.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/qmc5883l/qmc5883l.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ static const uint8_t QMC5883L_REGISTER_CONTROL_1 = 0x09;
 static const uint8_t QMC5883L_REGISTER_CONTROL_2 = 0x0A;
 static const uint8_t QMC5883L_REGISTER_PERIOD = 0x0B;
 
+void IRAM_ATTR QMC5883LComponent::gpio_intr(QMC5883LComponent *arg) { arg->enable_loop_soon_any_context(); }
+
 void QMC5883LComponent::setup() {
   // Soft Reset
   if (!this->write_byte(QMC5883L_REGISTER_CONTROL_2, 1 << 7)) {
@@ -35,6 +37,12 @@ void QMC5883LComponent::setup() {
 
   if (this->drdy_pin_) {
     this->drdy_pin_->setup();
+    if (this->drdy_pin_->is_internal()) {
+      static_cast<InternalGPIOPin *>(this->drdy_pin_)
+          ->attach_interrupt(&QMC5883LComponent::gpio_intr, this, gpio::INTERRUPT_RISING_EDGE);
+      this->drdy_use_isr_ = true;
+      this->stop_poller();
+    }
   }
 
   uint8_t control_1 = 0;
@@ -65,8 +73,8 @@ void QMC5883LComponent::setup() {
     return;
   }
 
-  if (this->get_update_interval() < App.get_loop_interval()) {
-    high_freq_.start();
+  if (!this->drdy_use_isr_ && this->get_update_interval() < App.get_loop_interval()) {
+    this->high_freq_.start();
   }
 }
 
@@ -84,23 +92,39 @@ void QMC5883LComponent::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Heading", this->heading_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Temperature", this->temperature_sensor_);
   LOG_PIN("  DRDY Pin: ", this->drdy_pin_);
+  if (this->drdy_pin_ != nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  DRDY mode: %s",
+                  this->drdy_use_isr_ ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("interrupt") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("polling"));
+  }
 }
 
 void QMC5883LComponent::update() {
-  i2c::ErrorCode err;
-  uint8_t status = false;
-
-  // If DRDY pin is configured and the data is not ready return.
+  // If DRDY is on an external expander we keep the polling path and early-return
+  // if data is not ready yet. Internal DRDY pins take the ISR path via loop().
   if (this->drdy_pin_ && !this->drdy_pin_->digital_read()) {
     return;
   }
+  this->read_sensor_();
+}
+
+void QMC5883LComponent::loop() {
+  this->disable_loop();
+  if (!this->drdy_use_isr_ || !this->drdy_pin_->digital_read()) {
+    return;
+  }
+  this->read_sensor_();
+}
+
+void QMC5883LComponent::read_sensor_() {
+  i2c::ErrorCode err;
+  uint8_t status = false;
 
   // Status byte gets cleared when data is read, so we have to read this first.
   // If status and two axes are desired, it's possible to save one byte of traffic by enabling
   // ROL_PNT in setup and reading 7 bytes starting at the status register.
   // If status and all three axes are desired, using ROL_PNT saves you 3 bytes.
   // But simply not reading status saves you 4 bytes always and is much simpler.
-  if (ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG) {
+  if (ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE) {
     err = this->read_register(QMC5883L_REGISTER_STATUS, &status, 1);
     if (err != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
       char buf[32];
@@ -165,7 +189,7 @@ void QMC5883LComponent::update() {
     temp = int16_t(raw_temp) * 0.01f;
   }
 
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Got x=%0.02fµT y=%0.02fµT z=%0.02fµT heading=%0.01f° temperature=%0.01f°C status=%u", x, y, z, heading,
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Got x=%0.02fµT y=%0.02fµT z=%0.02fµT heading=%0.01f° temperature=%0.01f°C status=%u", x, y, z, heading,
            temp, status);
 
   if (this->x_sensor_ != nullptr)
diff --git a/esphome/components/qmc5883l/qmc5883l.h b/esphome/components/qmc5883l/qmc5883l.h
index 21ef9c2a17..2ab6aa3e9f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/qmc5883l/qmc5883l.h
+++ b/esphome/components/qmc5883l/qmc5883l.h
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ class QMC5883LComponent : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
   void update() override;
+  void loop() override;
 
   void set_drdy_pin(GPIOPin *pin) { drdy_pin_ = pin; }
   void set_datarate(QMC5883LDatarate datarate) { datarate_ = datarate; }
@@ -44,6 +45,9 @@ class QMC5883LComponent : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
   void set_temperature_sensor(sensor::Sensor *temperature_sensor) { temperature_sensor_ = temperature_sensor; }
 
  protected:
+  static void IRAM_ATTR gpio_intr(QMC5883LComponent *arg);
+  void read_sensor_();
+
   QMC5883LDatarate datarate_{QMC5883L_DATARATE_10_HZ};
   QMC5883LRange range_{QMC5883L_RANGE_200_UT};
   QMC5883LOversampling oversampling_{QMC5883L_SAMPLING_512};
@@ -53,6 +57,7 @@ class QMC5883LComponent : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
   sensor::Sensor *heading_sensor_{nullptr};
   sensor::Sensor *temperature_sensor_{nullptr};
   GPIOPin *drdy_pin_{nullptr};
+  bool drdy_use_isr_{false};
   enum ErrorCode {
     NONE = 0,
     COMMUNICATION_FAILED,
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py b/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py
index e452780d41..ed246416c9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/__init__.py
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ from esphome.core.config import BOARD_MAX_LENGTH
 from esphome.helpers import copy_file_if_changed, read_file, write_file_if_changed
 
 from . import boards
-from .const import KEY_BOARD, KEY_PIO_FILES, KEY_RP2040, rp2040_ns
+from .const import KEY_BOARD, KEY_LWIP_OPTS, KEY_PIO_FILES, KEY_RP2040, rp2040_ns
 
 # force import gpio to register pin schema
 from .gpio import rp2040_pin_to_code  # noqa
@@ -240,6 +240,160 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.add_define("USE_RP2040_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT", config[CONF_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT])
     cg.add_define("USE_RP2040_CRASH_HANDLER")
 
+    _configure_lwip()
+
+
+def _configure_lwip() -> None:
+    """Configure lwIP options for RP2040 by generating a custom lwipopts.h.
+
+    Arduino-pico's lwipopts.h has no #ifndef guards, so -D flags cannot override
+    its settings. Instead, we generate a replacement lwipopts.h and place it in an
+    include directory that shadows the framework's version.
+
+    lwIP is compiled from source on RP2040 (not pre-built), so our replacement
+    header fully controls the compiled lwIP behavior.
+
+    RP2040 uses NO_SYS=1 (polling, no RTOS thread), LWIP_SOCKET=0, LWIP_NETCONN=0.
+    DHCP/DNS use raw udp_new() which allocates from MEMP_NUM_UDP_PCB.
+
+    Comparison of arduino-pico defaults vs ESPHome targets (TCP_MSS=1460):
+
+    Setting                   ESP8266  ESP32  arduino-pico  New
+    ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    TCP_SND_BUF               2×MSS   4×MSS  8×MSS         4×MSS
+    TCP_WND                   4×MSS   4×MSS  8×MSS         4×MSS
+    MEM_LIBC_MALLOC           1       1      0             0*
+    MEMP_MEM_MALLOC           1       1      0             0**
+    MEM_SIZE                  N/A***  N/A*** 16KB          16KB
+    PBUF_POOL_SIZE            10      16     24            16
+    MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG          10      16     32            17
+    MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB          5       16     5             dynamic
+    MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB_LISTEN   4       16     8****         dynamic
+    MEMP_NUM_UDP_PCB          4       16     7             dynamic
+    TCP_SND_QUEUELEN          ~8      17     32            17
+
+    * MEM_LIBC_MALLOC must stay 0: arduino-pico uses
+      PICO_CYW43_ARCH_THREADSAFE_BACKGROUND which runs lwIP callbacks from
+      a low-priority pendsv IRQ. The pico-sdk explicitly blocks
+      MEM_LIBC_MALLOC=1 because libc malloc uses mutexes (unsafe in IRQ).
+    ** MEMP_MEM_MALLOC must stay 0: the dedicated lwIP heap (MEM_SIZE=16KB)
+      is too small to hold all pools dynamically. The PBUF_POOL alone needs
+      ~24KB (16 × 1524 bytes). Increasing MEM_SIZE would negate BSS savings.
+    *** ESP8266/ESP32 use MEM_LIBC_MALLOC=1 (system heap, no dedicated pool).
+    **** opt.h default; arduino-pico doesn't override MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB_LISTEN.
+    "dynamic" = auto-calculated from component socket registrations via
+    socket.get_socket_counts() with minimums of 8 TCP / 6 UDP / 2 TCP_LISTEN.
+    """
+    from esphome.components.socket import (
+        MIN_TCP_LISTEN_SOCKETS,
+        MIN_TCP_SOCKETS,
+        MIN_UDP_SOCKETS,
+        get_socket_counts,
+    )
+
+    sc = get_socket_counts()
+    # Apply platform minimums — ensure headroom for ESPHome's needs
+    tcp_sockets = max(MIN_TCP_SOCKETS, sc.tcp)
+    udp_sockets = max(MIN_UDP_SOCKETS, sc.udp)
+    # RP2040 has more RAM (264KB) than most LibreTiny boards, so DHCP/DNS
+    # UDP PCBs (2) are absorbed by the generous minimum of 6.
+    listening_tcp = max(MIN_TCP_LISTEN_SOCKETS, sc.tcp_listen)
+
+    # TCP_SND_BUF: 4×MSS=5,840 matches ESP32. Down from arduino-pico's 8×MSS.
+    # ESPAsyncWebServer allocates malloc(tcp_sndbuf()) per response chunk.
+    tcp_snd_buf = "(4*TCP_MSS)"
+
+    # TCP_WND: receive window. 4×MSS matches ESP32. Down from arduino-pico's 8×MSS.
+    tcp_wnd = "(4*TCP_MSS)"
+
+    # TCP_SND_QUEUELEN: max pbufs queued for send buffer
+    # ESP-IDF formula: (4 * TCP_SND_BUF + (TCP_MSS - 1)) / TCP_MSS
+    # With 4×MSS: (4*5840 + 1459) / 1460 = 17 — match ESP32
+    tcp_snd_queuelen = 17
+    # MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG: segment pool, must be >= TCP_SND_QUEUELEN (lwIP sanity check)
+    memp_num_tcp_seg = tcp_snd_queuelen
+
+    # PBUF_POOL_SIZE: RP2040 has 264KB RAM, more generous than LibreTiny.
+    # 16 matches ESP32 (vs arduino-pico's 24). With MEMP_MEM_MALLOC=1,
+    # this is a max count (allocated on demand from heap).
+    pbuf_pool_size = 16
+
+    # Build the lwIP override defines for the Jinja2 template.
+    # The template uses #include_next to chain to the framework's original
+    # lwipopts.h, then #undef/#define only the values we need to change.
+    #
+    # Note: MEMP_MEM_MALLOC stays 0 (framework default). While the memp
+    # allocations use the dedicated lwIP heap (IRQ-safe), the 16KB MEM_SIZE
+    # is too small to hold all pools dynamically under stress. The PBUF_POOL
+    # alone needs ~24KB (16 × 1524 bytes). Increasing MEM_SIZE would negate
+    # the BSS savings.
+    #
+    # MEM_LIBC_MALLOC stays 0 (framework default): arduino-pico uses
+    # PICO_CYW43_ARCH_THREADSAFE_BACKGROUND which runs lwIP callbacks from
+    # a low-priority pendsv IRQ where libc malloc (mutex-based) is unsafe.
+    lwip_defines: dict[str, str] = {
+        "TCP_SND_BUF": tcp_snd_buf,
+        "TCP_WND": tcp_wnd,
+        "TCP_SND_QUEUELEN": str(tcp_snd_queuelen),
+        "MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG": str(memp_num_tcp_seg),
+        "PBUF_POOL_SIZE": str(pbuf_pool_size),
+        "MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB": str(tcp_sockets),
+        "MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB_LISTEN": str(listening_tcp),
+        "MEMP_NUM_UDP_PCB": str(udp_sockets),
+    }
+
+    # Store for copy_files() to generate the header
+    CORE.data[KEY_RP2040][KEY_LWIP_OPTS] = lwip_defines
+
+    # Add a pre-build extra script that injects our lwip_override directory
+    # into CCFLAGS so our lwipopts.h shadows the framework's version.
+    # Regular build_flags (-I/-isystem) come after -iwithprefixbefore in GCC's
+    # search order, so we must prepend via an extra_scripts hook.
+    cg.add_platformio_option("extra_scripts", ["pre:inject_lwip_include.py"])
+
+    tcp_min = " (min)" if tcp_sockets > sc.tcp else ""
+    udp_min = " (min)" if udp_sockets > sc.udp else ""
+    listen_min = " (min)" if listening_tcp > sc.tcp_listen else ""
+    _LOGGER.info(
+        "Configuring lwIP: TCP=%d%s [%s], UDP=%d%s [%s], TCP_LISTEN=%d%s [%s]",
+        tcp_sockets,
+        tcp_min,
+        sc.tcp_details,
+        udp_sockets,
+        udp_min,
+        sc.udp_details,
+        listening_tcp,
+        listen_min,
+        sc.tcp_listen_details,
+    )
+
+
+def _generate_lwipopts_h() -> None:
+    """Generate a custom lwipopts.h that shadows the framework's version.
+
+    Uses Jinja2 to render the template with the lwIP defines calculated
+    during code generation. The generated header is placed in lwip_override/
+    in the build directory, and a pre-build script injects this directory
+    into the compiler include path before the framework's own include dir.
+    """
+    from jinja2 import Environment, FileSystemLoader
+
+    lwip_defines = CORE.data[KEY_RP2040].get(KEY_LWIP_OPTS)
+    if not lwip_defines:
+        return
+
+    template_dir = Path(__file__).parent
+    jinja_env = Environment(
+        loader=FileSystemLoader(str(template_dir)),
+        keep_trailing_newline=True,
+    )
+    template = jinja_env.get_template("lwipopts.h.jinja")
+    content = template.render(**lwip_defines)
+
+    lwip_dir = CORE.relative_build_path("lwip_override")
+    lwip_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    write_file_if_changed(lwip_dir / "lwipopts.h", content)
+
 
 def add_pio_file(component: str, key: str, data: str):
     try:
@@ -289,6 +443,12 @@ def copy_files():
         post_build_file,
         CORE.relative_build_path("post_build.py"),
     )
+    inject_lwip_file = dir / "inject_lwip_include.py.script"
+    copy_file_if_changed(
+        inject_lwip_file,
+        CORE.relative_build_path("inject_lwip_include.py"),
+    )
+    _generate_lwipopts_h()
     if generate_pio_files():
         path = CORE.relative_src_path("esphome.h")
         content = read_file(path).rstrip("\n")
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/const.py b/esphome/components/rp2040/const.py
index ab5f42d757..e381d0482d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rp2040/const.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/const.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 
 KEY_BOARD = "board"
+KEY_LWIP_OPTS = "lwip_opts"
 KEY_RP2040 = "rp2040"
 KEY_PIO_FILES = "pio_files"
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/inject_lwip_include.py.script b/esphome/components/rp2040/inject_lwip_include.py.script
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4ae9863e37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/inject_lwip_include.py.script
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# pylint: disable=E0602
+Import("env")  # noqa
+
+import os
+
+# PlatformIO pre-build script: inject lwip_override include path so our
+# lwipopts.h shadows the framework's version during lwIP compilation.
+#
+# The arduino-pico builder uses -iprefix + -iwithprefixbefore for includes,
+# which takes priority over CPPPATH (-I). We must inject our path into the
+# CCFLAGS BEFORE the -iprefix flag to ensure our lwipopts.h is found first.
+
+lwip_dir = os.path.join(env["PROJECT_DIR"], "lwip_override")
+
+if os.path.isdir(lwip_dir):
+    # Insert -I<lwip_dir> at the beginning of CCFLAGS, before the framework's
+    # -iprefix/-iwithprefixbefore flags which would otherwise take priority.
+    env.Prepend(CCFLAGS=["-I", lwip_dir])
diff --git a/esphome/components/rp2040/lwipopts.h.jinja b/esphome/components/rp2040/lwipopts.h.jinja
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..36d7d4da14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/components/rp2040/lwipopts.h.jinja
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// ESPHome lwIP configuration override for RP2040.
+// Includes the framework's original lwipopts.h, then overrides specific
+// settings to tune lwIP for ESPHome's IoT use case.
+//
+// This file is found first via -I injection (see inject_lwip_include.py.script).
+// #include_next chains to the framework's original in include/lwipopts.h.
+// Since the original uses #pragma once, it won't be included again later
+// (e.g. via tusb_config.h), avoiding duplicate definition warnings.
+
+// Include the framework's original lwipopts.h first
+#include_next "lwipopts.h"
+
+// --- ESPHome overrides below ---
+// Only #undef and redefine values that differ from the framework defaults.
+
+// TCP send/receive buffers: 4xMSS matches ESP32 (down from 8xMSS)
+#undef TCP_SND_BUF
+#define TCP_SND_BUF                   {{ TCP_SND_BUF }}
+
+#undef TCP_WND
+#define TCP_WND                       {{ TCP_WND }}
+
+// Queued segment limits: derived from 4xMSS buffer size, matching ESP32
+#undef TCP_SND_QUEUELEN
+#define TCP_SND_QUEUELEN              {{ TCP_SND_QUEUELEN }}
+
+#undef MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG
+#define MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG              {{ MEMP_NUM_TCP_SEG }}
+
+// Packet buffer pool: 16 matches ESP32 (down from 24)
+#undef PBUF_POOL_SIZE
+#define PBUF_POOL_SIZE                {{ PBUF_POOL_SIZE }}
+
+// PCB pools: sized to actual component needs via socket.get_socket_counts()
+#undef MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB
+#define MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB              {{ MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB }}
+
+#undef MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB_LISTEN
+#define MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB_LISTEN       {{ MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB_LISTEN }}
+
+#undef MEMP_NUM_UDP_PCB
+#define MEMP_NUM_UDP_PCB              {{ MEMP_NUM_UDP_PCB }}
+
+// Listen backlog: match component needs
+#undef TCP_DEFAULT_LISTEN_BACKLOG
+#define TCP_DEFAULT_LISTEN_BACKLOG    {{ MEMP_NUM_TCP_PCB_LISTEN }}
diff --git a/esphome/components/rtl87xx/__init__.py b/esphome/components/rtl87xx/__init__.py
index 6fd750d51e..a3b1dba4f2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rtl87xx/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/rtl87xx/__init__.py
@@ -65,3 +65,8 @@ async def to_code(config):
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register("rtl87xx", PIN_SCHEMA)
 async def pin_to_code(config):
     return await libretiny.gpio.component_pin_to_code(config)
+
+
+# Called by writer.py; delegates to the shared libretiny implementation.
+def copy_files() -> None:
+    libretiny.copy_files()
diff --git a/esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.cpp b/esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.cpp
index 01f5aad810..08d902b4be 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.cpp
@@ -294,57 +294,59 @@ void Rtttl::play(std::string rtttl) {
   }
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Playing song %.*s", (int) this->position_, this->rtttl_.c_str());
 
-  // Get default duration
-  this->position_ = this->rtttl_.find("d=", this->position_);
-  if (this->position_ == std::string::npos) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Missing 'd='");
-    return;
-  }
-  this->position_ += 2;
-  num = this->get_integer_();
-  if (num == 1 || num == 2 || num == 4 || num == 8 || num == 16 || num == 32) {
-    this->default_note_denominator_ = num;
-  } else {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid default duration: %d", num);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // Get default octave
-  this->position_ = this->rtttl_.find("o=", this->position_);
-  if (this->position_ == std::string::npos) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Missing 'o=");
-    return;
-  }
-  this->position_ += 2;
-  num = this->get_integer_();
-  if (num >= MIN_OCTAVE && num <= MAX_OCTAVE) {
-    this->default_octave_ = num;
-  } else {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid default octave: %d", num);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // Get BPM
-  this->position_ = this->rtttl_.find("b=", this->position_);
-  if (this->position_ == std::string::npos) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Missing b=");
-    return;
-  }
-  this->position_ += 2;
-  num = this->get_integer_();
-  if (num >= 4) {  // Below 4 is not realistic and would cause a integer overflow
-    bpm = num;
-  } else {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid BPM: %d", num);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  this->position_ = this->rtttl_.find(':', this->position_);
-  if (this->position_ == std::string::npos) {
+  size_t name_end_position = this->position_;
+  size_t control_end = this->rtttl_.find(':', name_end_position + 1);
+  if (control_end == std::string::npos) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Missing second ':'");
     return;
   }
-  this->position_++;
+
+  // Get default duration
+  size_t pos = this->rtttl_.find("d=", name_end_position);
+  if (pos == std::string::npos || pos >= control_end) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Missing 'd='; use default duration %d", this->default_note_denominator_);
+  } else {
+    this->position_ = pos + 2;
+    num = this->get_integer_();
+    if (num == 1 || num == 2 || num == 4 || num == 8 || num == 16 || num == 32) {
+      this->default_note_denominator_ = num;
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid default duration: %d", num);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Get default octave
+  pos = this->rtttl_.find("o=", name_end_position);
+  if (pos == std::string::npos || pos >= control_end) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Missing 'o='; use default octave %d", this->default_octave_);
+  } else {
+    this->position_ = pos + 2;
+    num = this->get_integer_();
+    if (num >= MIN_OCTAVE && num <= MAX_OCTAVE) {
+      this->default_octave_ = num;
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid default octave: %d", num);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Get BPM
+  pos = this->rtttl_.find("b=", name_end_position);
+  if (pos == std::string::npos || pos >= control_end) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Missing 'b='; use default BPM %d", bpm);
+  } else {
+    this->position_ = pos + 2;
+    num = this->get_integer_();
+    if (num >= 4) {  // Below 4 is not realistic and would cause a integer overflow
+      bpm = num;
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid BPM: %d", num);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  this->position_ = control_end + 1;
 
   // BPM usually expresses the number of quarter notes per minute
   this->wholenote_duration_ = 60 * 1000L * 4 / bpm;  // This is the time for whole note (in milliseconds)
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.cpp b/esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.cpp
index fa42b53496..4c7f1bfb6f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_image/runtime_image.cpp
@@ -127,9 +127,9 @@ void RuntimeImage::draw_pixel(int x, int y, const Color &color) {
       uint32_t pos = this->get_position_(x, y);
       Color mapped_color = color;
       this->map_chroma_key(mapped_color);
-      this->buffer_[pos + 0] = mapped_color.r;
+      this->buffer_[pos + 0] = mapped_color.b;
       this->buffer_[pos + 1] = mapped_color.g;
-      this->buffer_[pos + 2] = mapped_color.b;
+      this->buffer_[pos + 2] = mapped_color.r;
       if (this->transparency_ == image::TRANSPARENCY_ALPHA_CHANNEL) {
         this->buffer_[pos + 3] = color.w;
       }
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.cpp b/esphome/components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.cpp
index 06714b5a44..d733394b78 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.cpp
@@ -32,40 +32,101 @@ void RuntimeStatsCollector::log_stats_() {
            " Period stats (last %" PRIu32 "ms): %zu active components",
            this->log_interval_, count);
 
-  if (count == 0) {
-    return;
+  // Sum component time so we can derive main-loop overhead
+  // (active loop time minus time attributable to component loop()s).
+  // Period sum iterates the active-in-period subset; total sum must iterate
+  // all components since total_active_time_us_ includes iterations where
+  // currently-idle components previously ran.
+  uint64_t period_component_sum_us = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+    period_component_sum_us += sorted[i]->runtime_stats_.period_time_us;
+  }
+  uint64_t total_component_sum_us = 0;
+  for (auto *component : components) {
+    total_component_sum_us += component->runtime_stats_.total_time_us;
   }
 
-  // Sort by period runtime (descending)
-  std::sort(sorted, sorted + count, compare_period_time);
+  if (count > 0) {
+    // Sort by period runtime (descending)
+    std::sort(sorted, sorted + count, compare_period_time);
 
-  // Log top components by period runtime
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-    const auto &stats = sorted[i]->runtime_stats_;
-    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "  %s: count=%" PRIu32 ", avg=%.3fms, max=%.2fms, total=%.1fms",
-             LOG_STR_ARG(sorted[i]->get_component_log_str()), stats.period_count,
-             stats.period_count > 0 ? stats.period_time_us / (float) stats.period_count / 1000.0f : 0.0f,
-             stats.period_max_time_us / 1000.0f, stats.period_time_us / 1000.0f);
+    // Log top components by period runtime
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      const auto &stats = sorted[i]->runtime_stats_;
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "  %s: count=%" PRIu32 ", avg=%.3fms, max=%.2fms, total=%.1fms",
+               LOG_STR_ARG(sorted[i]->get_component_log_str()), stats.period_count,
+               stats.period_count > 0 ? stats.period_time_us / (float) stats.period_count / 1000.0f : 0.0f,
+               stats.period_max_time_us / 1000.0f, stats.period_time_us / 1000.0f);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Main-loop overhead for the period: active wall time minus component time.
+  // active = sum of per-iteration loop time excluding yield/sleep.
+  if (this->period_active_count_ > 0) {
+    uint64_t active = this->period_active_time_us_;
+    uint64_t overhead = active > period_component_sum_us ? active - period_component_sum_us : 0;
+    // Use double for µs→ms conversion so multi-day uptimes (where total
+    // microsecond counters exceed float's ~7-digit mantissa) keep resolution.
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG,
+             "  main_loop: iters=%" PRIu64 ", active_avg=%.3fms, active_max=%.2fms, active_total=%.1fms, "
+             "overhead_total=%.1fms",
+             this->period_active_count_,
+             static_cast<double>(active) / static_cast<double>(this->period_active_count_) / 1000.0,
+             static_cast<double>(this->period_active_max_us_) / 1000.0, static_cast<double>(active) / 1000.0,
+             static_cast<double>(overhead) / 1000.0);
+    uint64_t before = this->period_before_time_us_;
+    uint64_t tail = this->period_tail_time_us_;
+    uint64_t accounted = before + tail;
+    uint64_t inter = overhead > accounted ? overhead - accounted : 0;
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "  main_loop_overhead_section: before=%.1fms, tail=%.1fms, inter_component=%.1fms",
+             static_cast<double>(before) / 1000.0, static_cast<double>(tail) / 1000.0,
+             static_cast<double>(inter) / 1000.0);
   }
 
   // Log total stats since boot (only for active components - idle ones haven't changed)
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, " Total stats (since boot): %zu active components", count);
 
-  // Re-sort by total runtime for all-time stats
-  std::sort(sorted, sorted + count, compare_total_time);
+  if (count > 0) {
+    // Re-sort by total runtime for all-time stats
+    std::sort(sorted, sorted + count, compare_total_time);
 
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-    const auto &stats = sorted[i]->runtime_stats_;
-    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "  %s: count=%" PRIu32 ", avg=%.3fms, max=%.2fms, total=%.1fms",
-             LOG_STR_ARG(sorted[i]->get_component_log_str()), stats.total_count,
-             stats.total_count > 0 ? stats.total_time_us / (float) stats.total_count / 1000.0f : 0.0f,
-             stats.total_max_time_us / 1000.0f, stats.total_time_us / 1000.0);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+      const auto &stats = sorted[i]->runtime_stats_;
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "  %s: count=%" PRIu32 ", avg=%.3fms, max=%.2fms, total=%.1fms",
+               LOG_STR_ARG(sorted[i]->get_component_log_str()), stats.total_count,
+               stats.total_count > 0 ? stats.total_time_us / (float) stats.total_count / 1000.0f : 0.0f,
+               stats.total_max_time_us / 1000.0f, stats.total_time_us / 1000.0);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (this->total_active_count_ > 0) {
+    uint64_t active = this->total_active_time_us_;
+    uint64_t overhead = active > total_component_sum_us ? active - total_component_sum_us : 0;
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG,
+             "  main_loop: iters=%" PRIu64 ", active_avg=%.3fms, active_max=%.2fms, active_total=%.1fms, "
+             "overhead_total=%.1fms",
+             this->total_active_count_,
+             static_cast<double>(active) / static_cast<double>(this->total_active_count_) / 1000.0,
+             static_cast<double>(this->total_active_max_us_) / 1000.0, static_cast<double>(active) / 1000.0,
+             static_cast<double>(overhead) / 1000.0);
+    uint64_t before = this->total_before_time_us_;
+    uint64_t tail = this->total_tail_time_us_;
+    uint64_t accounted = before + tail;
+    uint64_t inter = overhead > accounted ? overhead - accounted : 0;
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "  main_loop_overhead_section: before=%.1fms, tail=%.1fms, inter_component=%.1fms",
+             static_cast<double>(before) / 1000.0, static_cast<double>(tail) / 1000.0,
+             static_cast<double>(inter) / 1000.0);
   }
 
   // Reset period stats
   for (auto *component : components) {
     component->runtime_stats_.reset_period();
   }
+  this->period_active_count_ = 0;
+  this->period_active_time_us_ = 0;
+  this->period_active_max_us_ = 0;
+  this->period_before_time_us_ = 0;
+  this->period_tail_time_us_ = 0;
 }
 
 bool RuntimeStatsCollector::compare_period_time(Component *a, Component *b) {
@@ -76,11 +137,12 @@ bool RuntimeStatsCollector::compare_total_time(Component *a, Component *b) {
   return a->runtime_stats_.total_time_us > b->runtime_stats_.total_time_us;
 }
 
-void RuntimeStatsCollector::process_pending_stats(uint32_t current_time) {
-  if ((int32_t) (current_time - this->next_log_time_) >= 0) {
-    this->log_stats_();
-    this->next_log_time_ = current_time + this->log_interval_;
-  }
+// Slow path for process_pending_stats — gate already checked by the inline
+// wrapper in runtime_stats.h. Out-of-line keeps the log_stats_ machinery out
+// of Application::loop().
+void RuntimeStatsCollector::process_pending_stats_slow_(uint32_t current_time) {
+  this->log_stats_();
+  this->next_log_time_ = current_time + this->log_interval_;
 }
 
 }  // namespace runtime_stats
diff --git a/esphome/components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.h b/esphome/components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.h
index 3c2c9f78ad..888d48e672 100644
--- a/esphome/components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.h
+++ b/esphome/components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.h
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 #include <cstdint>
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
@@ -26,10 +27,46 @@ class RuntimeStatsCollector {
   }
   uint32_t get_log_interval() const { return this->log_interval_; }
 
-  // Process any pending stats printing (should be called after component loop)
-  void process_pending_stats(uint32_t current_time);
+  // Process any pending stats printing. Called on every Application::loop()
+  // tick, so the common "not yet time to log" path must be cheap — inline
+  // the gate check and keep the actual logging work out-of-line.
+  void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE process_pending_stats(uint32_t current_time) {
+    if ((int32_t) (current_time - this->next_log_time_) >= 0) [[unlikely]] {
+      this->process_pending_stats_slow_(current_time);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Record the wall time of one main loop iteration excluding the yield/sleep.
+  // Called once per loop from Application::loop().
+  //   active_us = total time between loop start and just before yield.
+  //   before_us = time spent in Phase A (scheduler tick) excluding time
+  //               already attributed to per-component stats.
+  //   tail_us   = time spent in after_component_phase_ + the trailing record/stats
+  //               prefix. Only meaningful on component-phase ticks; reported
+  //               as 0 on Phase A-only ticks (no component phase ran, so any
+  //               overhead between Phase A and stats belongs to "residual").
+  // Residual overhead at log time = active − Σ(component) − before − tail,
+  // which captures per-iteration inter-component bookkeeping (set_current_component,
+  // WarnIfComponentBlockingGuard construction/destruction, feed_wdt_with_time calls,
+  // the for-loop itself).
+  void record_loop_active(uint32_t active_us, uint32_t before_us, uint32_t tail_us) {
+    this->period_active_count_++;
+    this->period_active_time_us_ += active_us;
+    if (active_us > this->period_active_max_us_)
+      this->period_active_max_us_ = active_us;
+    this->total_active_count_++;
+    this->total_active_time_us_ += active_us;
+    if (active_us > this->total_active_max_us_)
+      this->total_active_max_us_ = active_us;
+
+    this->period_before_time_us_ += before_us;
+    this->total_before_time_us_ += before_us;
+    this->period_tail_time_us_ += tail_us;
+    this->total_tail_time_us_ += tail_us;
+  }
 
  protected:
+  void process_pending_stats_slow_(uint32_t current_time);
   void log_stats_();
   // Static comparators — member functions have friend access, lambdas do not
   static bool compare_period_time(Component *a, Component *b);
@@ -37,6 +74,22 @@ class RuntimeStatsCollector {
 
   uint32_t log_interval_;
   uint32_t next_log_time_{0};
+
+  // Main loop active-time stats (wall time per iteration, excluding yield/sleep).
+  // Counters are uint64_t — at sub-millisecond loop times a uint32_t can wrap in
+  // a few weeks of uptime, which is well within ESPHome device lifetimes.
+  uint64_t period_active_count_{0};
+  uint64_t period_active_time_us_{0};
+  uint32_t period_active_max_us_{0};
+  uint64_t total_active_count_{0};
+  uint64_t total_active_time_us_{0};
+  uint32_t total_active_max_us_{0};
+
+  // Split of overhead sections — accumulated per iteration.
+  uint64_t period_before_time_us_{0};
+  uint64_t total_before_time_us_{0};
+  uint64_t period_tail_time_us_{0};
+  uint64_t total_tail_time_us_{0};
 };
 
 }  // namespace runtime_stats
diff --git a/esphome/components/rx8130/rx8130.cpp b/esphome/components/rx8130/rx8130.cpp
index 3b704d2551..0aa6e86d31 100644
--- a/esphome/components/rx8130/rx8130.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/rx8130/rx8130.cpp
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ void RX8130Component::read_time() {
       .year = static_cast<uint16_t>(bcd2dec(date[6]) + 2000),
   };
   rtc_time.recalc_timestamp_utc(false);
-  if (!rtc_time.is_valid()) {
+  if (!rtc_time.is_valid(/*check_day_of_week=*/true, /*check_day_of_year=*/false)) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid RTC time, not syncing to system clock.");
     return;
   }
diff --git a/esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py
index b658ff7056..43fbc98953 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py
@@ -118,6 +118,7 @@ from esphome.schema_extractors import SCHEMA_EXTRACT, schema_extractor
 from esphome.util import Registry
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
+
 DEVICE_CLASSES = [
     DEVICE_CLASS_ABSOLUTE_HUMIDITY,
     DEVICE_CLASS_APPARENT_POWER,
@@ -275,6 +276,9 @@ ThrottleFilter = sensor_ns.class_("ThrottleFilter", Filter)
 ThrottleWithPriorityFilter = sensor_ns.class_(
     "ThrottleWithPriorityFilter", ValueListFilter
 )
+ThrottleWithPriorityNanFilter = sensor_ns.class_(
+    "ThrottleWithPriorityNanFilter", Filter
+)
 TimeoutFilterBase = sensor_ns.class_("TimeoutFilterBase", Filter, cg.Component)
 TimeoutFilterLast = sensor_ns.class_("TimeoutFilterLast", TimeoutFilterBase)
 TimeoutFilterConfigured = sensor_ns.class_("TimeoutFilterConfigured", TimeoutFilterBase)
@@ -290,6 +294,7 @@ SensorInRangeCondition = sensor_ns.class_("SensorInRangeCondition", Filter)
 ClampFilter = sensor_ns.class_("ClampFilter", Filter)
 RoundFilter = sensor_ns.class_("RoundFilter", Filter)
 RoundMultipleFilter = sensor_ns.class_("RoundMultipleFilter", Filter)
+RoundSignificantDigitsFilter = sensor_ns.class_("RoundSignificantDigitsFilter", Filter)
 
 validate_unit_of_measurement = cv.All(
     cv.string_strict,
@@ -656,9 +661,18 @@ THROTTLE_WITH_PRIORITY_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
     THROTTLE_WITH_PRIORITY_SCHEMA,
 )
 async def throttle_with_priority_filter_to_code(config, filter_id):
-    if not isinstance(config[CONF_VALUE], list):
-        config[CONF_VALUE] = [config[CONF_VALUE]]
-    template_ = [await cg.templatable(x, [], cg.float_) for x in config[CONF_VALUE]]
+    values = config[CONF_VALUE]
+    if not isinstance(values, list):
+        values = [values]
+    # Specialize the common "NaN-only" case (the schema default when the user
+    # omits `value:`) to avoid the TemplatableFn<float> array + NaN lambda the
+    # generic ValueListFilter path requires. Behavior is identical: NaN sensor
+    # readings always bypass the throttle.
+    if values and all(isinstance(v, float) and math.isnan(v) for v in values):
+        filter_id = filter_id.copy()
+        filter_id.type = ThrottleWithPriorityNanFilter
+        return cg.new_Pvariable(filter_id, config[CONF_TIMEOUT])
+    template_ = [await cg.templatable(x, [], cg.float_) for x in values]
     return cg.new_Pvariable(
         filter_id, cg.TemplateArguments(len(template_)), config[CONF_TIMEOUT], template_
     )
@@ -888,6 +902,18 @@ async def round_multiple_filter_to_code(config, filter_id):
     )
 
 
+@FILTER_REGISTRY.register(
+    "round_to_significant_digits",
+    RoundSignificantDigitsFilter,
+    cv.int_range(min=1, max=6),
+)
+async def round_significant_digits_filter_to_code(config, filter_id):
+    return cg.new_Pvariable(
+        filter_id,
+        cg.TemplateArguments(config),
+    )
+
+
 async def build_filters(config):
     return await cg.build_registry_list(FILTER_REGISTRY, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/sensor/filter.cpp b/esphome/components/sensor/filter.cpp
index fbac7d3535..4896757d3f 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sensor/filter.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/sensor/filter.cpp
@@ -269,6 +269,18 @@ optional<float> throttle_with_priority_new_value(Sensor *parent, float value, co
   return {};
 }
 
+// ThrottleWithPriorityNanFilter
+ThrottleWithPriorityNanFilter::ThrottleWithPriorityNanFilter(uint32_t min_time_between_inputs)
+    : min_time_between_inputs_(min_time_between_inputs) {}
+optional<float> ThrottleWithPriorityNanFilter::new_value(float value) {
+  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+  if (this->last_input_ == 0 || now - this->last_input_ >= this->min_time_between_inputs_ || std::isnan(value)) {
+    this->last_input_ = now;
+    return value;
+  }
+  return {};
+}
+
 // DeltaFilter
 DeltaFilter::DeltaFilter(float min_a0, float min_a1, float max_a0, float max_a1)
     : min_a0_(min_a0), min_a1_(min_a1), max_a0_(max_a0), max_a1_(max_a1) {}
diff --git a/esphome/components/sensor/filter.h b/esphome/components/sensor/filter.h
index 0dbbc33ab3..917a1ce7d5 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sensor/filter.h
+++ b/esphome/components/sensor/filter.h
@@ -399,6 +399,19 @@ template<size_t N> class ThrottleWithPriorityFilter : public ValueListFilter<N>
   uint32_t min_time_between_inputs_;
 };
 
+/// Specialization of ThrottleWithPriorityFilter for the common "prioritize NaN"
+/// case: skips the TemplatableFn<float> array + lambda and inlines the check.
+class ThrottleWithPriorityNanFilter : public Filter {
+ public:
+  explicit ThrottleWithPriorityNanFilter(uint32_t min_time_between_inputs);
+
+  optional<float> new_value(float value) override;
+
+ protected:
+  uint32_t last_input_{0};
+  uint32_t min_time_between_inputs_;
+};
+
 // Base class for timeout filters - contains common loop logic
 class TimeoutFilterBase : public Filter, public Component {
  public:
@@ -591,6 +604,19 @@ class RoundMultipleFilter : public Filter {
   float multiple_;
 };
 
+template<uint8_t Digits> class RoundSignificantDigitsFilter : public Filter {
+ public:
+  optional<float> new_value(float value) override {
+    if (std::isfinite(value)) {
+      if (value == 0.0f)
+        return 0.0f;
+      float factor = pow10_int(Digits - 1 - ilog10(value));
+      return roundf(value * factor) / factor;
+    }
+    return value;
+  }
+};
+
 class ToNTCResistanceFilter : public Filter {
  public:
   ToNTCResistanceFilter(double a, double b, double c) : a_(a), b_(b), c_(c) {}
diff --git a/esphome/components/shelly_dimmer/light.py b/esphome/components/shelly_dimmer/light.py
index 1688f9d6a6..97538e13c9 100644
--- a/esphome/components/shelly_dimmer/light.py
+++ b/esphome/components/shelly_dimmer/light.py
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ def get_firmware(value):
             req = requests.get(url, timeout=30)
             req.raise_for_status()
         except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
-            raise cv.Invalid(f"Could not download firmware file ({url}): {e}")
+            raise cv.Invalid(f"Could not download firmware file ({url}): {e}") from e
 
         h = hashlib.new("sha256")
         h.update(req.content)
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/bsd_sockets_impl.cpp b/esphome/components/socket/bsd_sockets_impl.cpp
index aea7c776c6..92691b17ab 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/bsd_sockets_impl.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/bsd_sockets_impl.cpp
@@ -14,38 +14,34 @@ BSDSocketImpl::BSDSocketImpl(int fd, bool monitor_loop) {
   if (!monitor_loop || this->fd_ < 0)
     return;
 #ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
-  // Cache lwip_sock pointer and register for monitoring (hooks callback internally)
-  this->cached_sock_ = esphome_lwip_get_sock(this->fd_);
-  this->loop_monitored_ = App.register_socket(this->cached_sock_);
+  this->cached_sock_ = hook_fd_for_fast_select(this->fd_);
 #else
   this->loop_monitored_ = App.register_socket_fd(this->fd_);
 #endif
 }
 
-BSDSocketImpl::~BSDSocketImpl() {
-  if (!this->closed_) {
-    this->close();
-  }
-}
+BSDSocketImpl::~BSDSocketImpl() { this->close(); }
 
 int BSDSocketImpl::close() {
-  if (!this->closed_) {
-    // Unregister before closing to avoid dangling pointer in monitored set
-#ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
-    if (this->loop_monitored_) {
-      App.unregister_socket(this->cached_sock_);
-      this->cached_sock_ = nullptr;
-    }
-#else
-    if (this->loop_monitored_) {
-      App.unregister_socket_fd(this->fd_);
-    }
-#endif
-    int ret = ::close(this->fd_);
-    this->closed_ = true;
-    return ret;
+  if (this->fd_ < 0) {
+    // Already closed, or never opened.
+    return 0;
   }
-  return 0;
+#ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
+  // Null the cached lwip_sock pointer before closing. The underlying lwip slot can be
+  // recycled for a new connection as soon as ::close() returns, so anything that might
+  // dereference cached_sock_ post-close (e.g. setsockopt(TCP_NODELAY)) would otherwise
+  // touch an unrelated socket's pcb. No per-socket callback unhook is needed —
+  // all LwIP sockets share the same static event_callback.
+  this->cached_sock_ = nullptr;
+#else
+  if (this->loop_monitored_) {
+    App.unregister_socket_fd(this->fd_);
+  }
+#endif
+  int ret = ::close(this->fd_);
+  this->fd_ = -1;  // Sentinel for "closed" — prevents double-close and makes use-after-close visible.
+  return ret;
 }
 
 int BSDSocketImpl::setblocking(bool blocking) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/bsd_sockets_impl.h b/esphome/components/socket/bsd_sockets_impl.h
index e520784702..57c1a430a2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/bsd_sockets_impl.h
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/bsd_sockets_impl.h
@@ -119,12 +119,21 @@ class BSDSocketImpl {
   int get_fd() const { return this->fd_; }
 
  protected:
+  // fd_ < 0 means "not open" — used both pre-open (initial state) and post-close. This
+  // replaces a separate closed_ flag: close() sets fd_ = -1 after ::close(), and the
+  // destructor / double-close path just check fd_ < 0.
   int fd_{-1};
 #ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
-  struct lwip_sock *cached_sock_{nullptr};  // Cached for direct rcvevent read in ready()
-#endif
-  bool closed_{false};
+  // Cached lwip_sock pointer used for direct rcvevent reads in ready() on the
+  // fast-select path. Replaces loop_monitored_: null means this socket is not being
+  // monitored for read events — either monitoring was not requested, the fd was
+  // invalid, or esphome_lwip_get_sock() failed. Non-null means the netconn event
+  // callback was hooked and notifications are flowing. close() nulls this to prevent
+  // use-after-free via a recycled lwip slot.
+  struct lwip_sock *cached_sock_{nullptr};
+#else
   bool loop_monitored_{false};
+#endif
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::socket
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_sockets_impl.cpp b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_sockets_impl.cpp
index 2fad429e0f..b4eba3febf 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_sockets_impl.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_sockets_impl.cpp
@@ -14,38 +14,34 @@ LwIPSocketImpl::LwIPSocketImpl(int fd, bool monitor_loop) {
   if (!monitor_loop || this->fd_ < 0)
     return;
 #ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
-  // Cache lwip_sock pointer and register for monitoring (hooks callback internally)
-  this->cached_sock_ = esphome_lwip_get_sock(this->fd_);
-  this->loop_monitored_ = App.register_socket(this->cached_sock_);
+  this->cached_sock_ = hook_fd_for_fast_select(this->fd_);
 #else
   this->loop_monitored_ = App.register_socket_fd(this->fd_);
 #endif
 }
 
-LwIPSocketImpl::~LwIPSocketImpl() {
-  if (!this->closed_) {
-    this->close();
-  }
-}
+LwIPSocketImpl::~LwIPSocketImpl() { this->close(); }
 
 int LwIPSocketImpl::close() {
-  if (!this->closed_) {
-    // Unregister before closing to avoid dangling pointer in monitored set
-#ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
-    if (this->loop_monitored_) {
-      App.unregister_socket(this->cached_sock_);
-      this->cached_sock_ = nullptr;
-    }
-#else
-    if (this->loop_monitored_) {
-      App.unregister_socket_fd(this->fd_);
-    }
-#endif
-    int ret = lwip_close(this->fd_);
-    this->closed_ = true;
-    return ret;
+  if (this->fd_ < 0) {
+    // Already closed, or never opened.
+    return 0;
   }
-  return 0;
+#ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
+  // Null the cached lwip_sock pointer before closing. The underlying lwip slot can be
+  // recycled for a new connection as soon as lwip_close() returns, so anything that
+  // might dereference cached_sock_ post-close (e.g. setsockopt(TCP_NODELAY)) would
+  // otherwise touch an unrelated socket's pcb. No per-socket callback unhook is needed —
+  // all LwIP sockets share the same static event_callback.
+  this->cached_sock_ = nullptr;
+#else
+  if (this->loop_monitored_) {
+    App.unregister_socket_fd(this->fd_);
+  }
+#endif
+  int ret = lwip_close(this->fd_);
+  this->fd_ = -1;  // Sentinel for "closed" — prevents double-close and makes use-after-close visible.
+  return ret;
 }
 
 int LwIPSocketImpl::setblocking(bool blocking) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_sockets_impl.h b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_sockets_impl.h
index 942d0ccf85..7f3b706cd8 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/lwip_sockets_impl.h
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/lwip_sockets_impl.h
@@ -85,12 +85,21 @@ class LwIPSocketImpl {
   int get_fd() const { return this->fd_; }
 
  protected:
+  // fd_ < 0 means "not open" — used both pre-open (initial state) and post-close. This
+  // replaces a separate closed_ flag: close() sets fd_ = -1 after lwip_close(), and the
+  // destructor / double-close path just check fd_ < 0.
   int fd_{-1};
 #ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
-  struct lwip_sock *cached_sock_{nullptr};  // Cached for direct rcvevent read in ready()
-#endif
-  bool closed_{false};
+  // Cached lwip_sock pointer used for direct rcvevent reads in ready() on the
+  // fast-select path. Replaces loop_monitored_: null means this socket is not being
+  // monitored for read events — either monitoring was not requested, the fd was
+  // invalid, or esphome_lwip_get_sock() failed. Non-null means the netconn event
+  // callback was hooked and notifications are flowing. close() nulls this to prevent
+  // use-after-free via a recycled lwip slot.
+  struct lwip_sock *cached_sock_{nullptr};
+#else
   bool loop_monitored_{false};
+#endif
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::socket
diff --git a/esphome/components/socket/socket.h b/esphome/components/socket/socket.h
index ad55e889e8..204113e4b2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/socket/socket.h
+++ b/esphome/components/socket/socket.h
@@ -42,8 +42,23 @@ using ListenSocket = LWIPRawListenImpl;
 
 #ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
 /// Shared ready() helper using cached lwip_sock pointer for direct rcvevent read.
-inline bool socket_ready(struct lwip_sock *cached_sock, bool loop_monitored) {
-  return !loop_monitored || (cached_sock != nullptr && esphome_lwip_socket_has_data(cached_sock));
+/// cached_sock == nullptr means the socket is not monitored (monitor_loop was false, fd
+/// was invalid, or esphome_lwip_get_sock() failed) — in that case return true so the
+/// caller attempts the read and handles blocking itself.
+inline bool socket_ready(struct lwip_sock *cached_sock) {
+  return cached_sock == nullptr || esphome_lwip_socket_has_data(cached_sock);
+}
+
+/// Resolve an fd to its lwip_sock and install the netconn event-callback hook so the
+/// main loop is woken by FreeRTOS task notifications when data arrives. Shared between
+/// BSD and LwIP socket impls on the fast-select path. Returns the cached lwip_sock
+/// pointer (or nullptr if the fd does not map to a valid lwip_sock).
+inline struct lwip_sock *hook_fd_for_fast_select(int fd) {
+  struct lwip_sock *sock = esphome_lwip_get_sock(fd);
+  if (sock != nullptr) {
+    esphome_lwip_hook_socket(sock);
+  }
+  return sock;
 }
 #elif defined(USE_HOST)
 /// Shared ready() helper for fd-based socket implementations.
@@ -69,7 +84,7 @@ bool socket_ready_fd(int fd, bool loop_monitored);
 #if defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS) || defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS)
 inline bool Socket::ready() const {
 #ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
-  return socket_ready(this->cached_sock_, this->loop_monitored_);
+  return socket_ready(this->cached_sock_);
 #else
   return socket_ready_fd(this->fd_, this->loop_monitored_);
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/__init__.py b/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/__init__.py
index 320e96c897..9b496637da 100644
--- a/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/speaker/media_player/__init__.py
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ def _read_audio_file_and_type(file_config):
         raise cv.Invalid(
             f"Unable to determine audio file type of '{path}'. "
             f"Try re-encoding the file into a supported format. Details: {e}"
-        )
+        ) from e
 
     media_file_type = audio.AUDIO_FILE_TYPE_ENUM["NONE"]
     if file_type in ("wav"):
diff --git a/esphome/components/st7789v/display.py b/esphome/components/st7789v/display.py
index 85414237cf..745c37f47d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/st7789v/display.py
+++ b/esphome/components/st7789v/display.py
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ MODELS = {
         presets={
             CONF_HEIGHT: 240,
             CONF_WIDTH: 135,
-            CONF_OFFSET_HEIGHT: 52,
-            CONF_OFFSET_WIDTH: 40,
+            CONF_OFFSET_HEIGHT: 40,
+            CONF_OFFSET_WIDTH: 52,
             CONF_CS_PIN: "GPIO5",
             CONF_DC_PIN: "GPIO16",
             CONF_RESET_PIN: "GPIO23",
@@ -68,8 +68,8 @@ MODELS = {
         presets={
             CONF_HEIGHT: 280,
             CONF_WIDTH: 240,
-            CONF_OFFSET_HEIGHT: 0,
-            CONF_OFFSET_WIDTH: 20,
+            CONF_OFFSET_HEIGHT: 20,
+            CONF_OFFSET_WIDTH: 0,
         }
     ),
     "ADAFRUIT_S2_TFT_FEATHER_240X135": model_spec(
@@ -77,8 +77,8 @@ MODELS = {
         presets={
             CONF_HEIGHT: 240,
             CONF_WIDTH: 135,
-            CONF_OFFSET_HEIGHT: 52,
-            CONF_OFFSET_WIDTH: 40,
+            CONF_OFFSET_HEIGHT: 40,
+            CONF_OFFSET_WIDTH: 52,
             CONF_CS_PIN: "GPIO7",
             CONF_DC_PIN: "GPIO39",
             CONF_RESET_PIN: "GPIO40",
@@ -89,8 +89,8 @@ MODELS = {
         presets={
             CONF_HEIGHT: 320,
             CONF_WIDTH: 170,
-            CONF_OFFSET_HEIGHT: 35,
-            CONF_OFFSET_WIDTH: 0,
+            CONF_OFFSET_HEIGHT: 0,
+            CONF_OFFSET_WIDTH: 35,
             CONF_ROTATION: 270,
             CONF_CS_PIN: "GPIO10",
             CONF_DC_PIN: "GPIO13",
@@ -102,8 +102,8 @@ MODELS = {
         presets={
             CONF_HEIGHT: 320,
             CONF_WIDTH: 172,
-            CONF_OFFSET_HEIGHT: 34,
-            CONF_OFFSET_WIDTH: 0,
+            CONF_OFFSET_HEIGHT: 0,
+            CONF_OFFSET_WIDTH: 34,
             CONF_ROTATION: 90,
             CONF_CS_PIN: "GPIO21",
             CONF_DC_PIN: "GPIO22",
diff --git a/esphome/components/status_led/status_led.cpp b/esphome/components/status_led/status_led.cpp
index a792110eeb..48762a7333 100644
--- a/esphome/components/status_led/status_led.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/status_led/status_led.cpp
@@ -7,6 +7,11 @@ namespace status_led {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "status_led";
 
+static constexpr uint32_t ERROR_PERIOD_MS = 250;
+static constexpr uint32_t ERROR_ON_MS = 150;
+static constexpr uint32_t WARNING_PERIOD_MS = 1500;
+static constexpr uint32_t WARNING_ON_MS = 250;
+
 StatusLED *global_status_led = nullptr;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
 StatusLED::StatusLED(GPIOPin *pin) : pin_(pin) { global_status_led = this; }
@@ -19,12 +24,18 @@ void StatusLED::dump_config() {
   LOG_PIN("  Pin: ", this->pin_);
 }
 void StatusLED::loop() {
-  if ((App.get_app_state() & STATUS_LED_ERROR) != 0u) {
-    this->pin_->digital_write(millis() % 250u < 150u);
-  } else if ((App.get_app_state() & STATUS_LED_WARNING) != 0u) {
-    this->pin_->digital_write(millis() % 1500u < 250u);
+  const uint32_t app_state = App.get_app_state();
+  // Use millis() rather than App.get_loop_component_start_time() because this loop is also
+  // dispatched from Application::feed_wdt() during long blocking operations, where the cached
+  // per-component timestamp doesn't advance and would freeze the blink pattern.
+  const uint32_t now = millis();
+  if ((app_state & STATUS_LED_ERROR) != 0u) {
+    this->pin_->digital_write(now % ERROR_PERIOD_MS < ERROR_ON_MS);
+  } else if ((app_state & STATUS_LED_WARNING) != 0u) {
+    this->pin_->digital_write(now % WARNING_PERIOD_MS < WARNING_ON_MS);
   } else {
     this->pin_->digital_write(false);
+    this->disable_loop();
   }
 }
 float StatusLED::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/stepper/__init__.py b/esphome/components/stepper/__init__.py
index 8acacc3b49..8e80187662 100644
--- a/esphome/components/stepper/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/stepper/__init__.py
@@ -35,8 +35,9 @@ def validate_acceleration(value):
     try:
         value = float(value)
     except ValueError:
-        # pylint: disable=raise-missing-from
-        raise cv.Invalid(f"Expected acceleration as floating point number, got {value}")
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"Expected acceleration as floating point number, got {value}"
+        ) from None
 
     if value <= 0:
         raise cv.Invalid("Acceleration must be larger than 0 steps/s^2!")
@@ -55,8 +56,9 @@ def validate_speed(value):
     try:
         value = float(value)
     except ValueError:
-        # pylint: disable=raise-missing-from
-        raise cv.Invalid(f"Expected speed as floating point number, got {value}")
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"Expected speed as floating point number, got {value}"
+        ) from None
 
     if value <= 0:
         raise cv.Invalid("Speed must be larger than 0 steps/s!")
diff --git a/esphome/components/substitutions/__init__.py b/esphome/components/substitutions/__init__.py
index c0bd9d7be9..fb7cd7c51b 100644
--- a/esphome/components/substitutions/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/substitutions/__init__.py
@@ -11,9 +11,11 @@ from esphome.types import ConfigType
 from esphome.util import OrderedDict
 from esphome.yaml_util import (
     ConfigContext,
+    DocumentPath,
     ESPHomeDataBase,
     ESPLiteralValue,
     IncludeFile,
+    format_path,
     make_data_base,
 )
 
@@ -23,13 +25,42 @@ CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 ContextVars = ChainMap[str, Any]
-SubstitutionPath = list[int | str]
-ErrList = list[tuple[UndefinedError, SubstitutionPath, Any]]
+ErrList = list[tuple[UndefinedError, DocumentPath, Any]]
+
 # Module-level instance is safe: context_vars is passed per-call, and context_trace
 # is stack-saved/restored within expand(). Not thread-safe — only use from one thread.
 jinja = Jinja()
 
 
+def raise_first_undefined(
+    errors: ErrList,
+    context_label: str,
+) -> None:
+    """If *errors* is non-empty, raise ``cv.Invalid`` for the first undefined variable.
+
+    The raised error names the missing variable and its location in the include
+    stack. Only the first error is surfaced; the user will re-run after fixing it
+    and any remaining undefined variables will be reported then.
+
+    ``context_label`` is the noun describing where the undefined variable
+    appeared (e.g. ``"package definition"``).
+    """
+    if not errors:
+        return
+    err, err_path, err_value = errors[0]
+    if len(errors) > 1:
+        # Log any further undefined variables so debug-level output covers
+        # the full set, even though only the first is surfaced to the user.
+        extras = ", ".join(
+            f"{e.message} at '{'->'.join(str(p) for p in p_path)}'"
+            for e, p_path, _ in errors[1:]
+        )
+        _LOGGER.debug("Additional undefined variables in %s: %s", context_label, extras)
+    raise cv.Invalid(
+        f"Undefined variable in {context_label}: {err.message}\n{format_path(err_path, err_value)}"
+    )
+
+
 def validate_substitution_key(value: Any) -> str:
     """Validate and normalize a substitution key, stripping a leading ``$`` if present."""
     value = cv.string(value)
@@ -95,7 +126,7 @@ def _resolve_var(name: str, context_vars: ContextVars) -> Any:
 
 def _handle_undefined(
     err: UndefinedError,
-    path: SubstitutionPath,
+    path: DocumentPath,
     value: Any,
     strict_undefined: bool,
     errors: ErrList | None,
@@ -113,7 +144,7 @@ def _handle_undefined(
 
 def _expand_substitutions(
     value: str,
-    path: SubstitutionPath,
+    path: DocumentPath,
     context_vars: ContextVars,
     strict_undefined: bool,
     errors: ErrList | None,
@@ -186,9 +217,9 @@ def _expand_substitutions(
                 f"\nEvaluation stack: (most recent evaluation last)"
                 f"\n{err.stack_trace_str()}"
                 f"\nRelevant context:\n{err.context_trace_str()}"
-                f"\nSee {'->'.join(str(x) for x in path)}",
+                f"\n{format_path(path, orig_value)}",
                 path,
-            )
+            ) from err
         else:
             if isinstance(orig_value, ESPHomeDataBase):
                 value = _restore_data_base(value, orig_value)
@@ -295,15 +326,13 @@ def push_context(
 
 def resolve_include(
     include: IncludeFile,
-    path: list[int | str],
+    path: DocumentPath,
     context_vars: ContextVars,
     strict_undefined: bool = True,
     errors: ErrList | None = None,
-) -> tuple[Any, str]:
+) -> Any:
     """Resolve an include, substituting the filename if needed.
 
-    Returns the loaded content and the resolved filename.
-
     Note: no path-traversal validation is performed on the resolved filename.
     A substitution that resolves to an absolute path will bypass the parent
     directory (Path.__truediv__ ignores the left operand for absolute paths).
@@ -311,44 +340,44 @@ def resolve_include(
     values (including command-line substitutions), so path restrictions are
     an explicit non-goal here.
     """
-    original = str(include.file)
+    original = include.file
+    original_str = str(original)
     filename = str(
         _expand_substitutions(
-            original, path + ["file"], context_vars, strict_undefined, errors
+            original_str, path + ["file"], context_vars, strict_undefined, errors
         )
     )
-    if filename != original:
+    substituted = filename != original_str
+    if substituted:
         include = IncludeFile(
             include.parent_file, filename, include.vars, include.yaml_loader
         )
     try:
-        return include.load(), filename
+        return include.load()
     except esphome.core.EsphomeError as err:
+        resolved = f" (expanded from '{original}')" if substituted else ""
         raise cv.Invalid(
-            f"Error including file '{filename}': {err}",
+            f"Error including file '{filename}'{resolved}: {err}"
+            f"\n{format_path(path, original)}",
             path + [f"<{filename}>"],
         ) from err
 
 
 def _substitute_include(
     include: IncludeFile,
-    path: list[int | str],
+    path: DocumentPath,
     context_vars: ContextVars,
     strict_undefined: bool,
     errors: ErrList | None,
 ) -> Any:
     """Resolve an include and substitute its content."""
-    content, filename = resolve_include(
-        include, path, context_vars, strict_undefined, errors
-    )
-    return substitute(
-        content, path + [f"<{filename}>"], context_vars, strict_undefined, errors
-    )
+    content = resolve_include(include, path, context_vars, strict_undefined, errors)
+    return substitute(content, path, context_vars, strict_undefined, errors)
 
 
 def substitute(
     item: Any,
-    path: SubstitutionPath,
+    path: DocumentPath,
     parent_context: ContextVars,
     strict_undefined: bool,
     errors: ErrList | None = None,
@@ -401,19 +430,43 @@ def _warn_unresolved_variables(errors: ErrList) -> None:
     for err, path, expression in errors:
         if "password" in path:
             continue
-        location: str = "->".join(str(x) for x in path)
-        if isinstance(expression, ESPHomeDataBase) and expression.esp_range is not None:
-            location += f" in {str(expression.esp_range.start_mark)}"
-
         _LOGGER.warning(
             "The string '%s' looks like an expression,"
-            " but could not resolve all the variables: %s (see %s)",
+            " but could not resolve all the variables: %s\n%s",
             expression,
             err.message,
-            location,
+            format_path(path, expression),
         )
 
 
+def resolve_substitutions_block(
+    substitutions: Any,
+    command_line_substitutions: dict[str, Any] | None,
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Resolve a deferred ``substitutions: !include file.yaml`` and validate the shape.
+
+    The caller is responsible for wrapping the call in
+    ``cv.prepend_path(CONF_SUBSTITUTIONS)`` for error reporting.
+    ``command_line_substitutions`` seeds the filename context so
+    ``substitutions: !include ${var}.yaml`` can reference CLI-provided vars.
+    """
+    if isinstance(substitutions, IncludeFile):
+        # Single-shot resolution — matches ``_walk_packages`` for the
+        # ``packages: !include`` entry point.  Chained includes (an include that
+        # itself loads another ``!include`` at the top level) are not supported.
+        substitutions = resolve_include(
+            substitutions,
+            [],
+            ContextVars(command_line_substitutions or {}),
+            strict_undefined=False,
+        )
+    if not isinstance(substitutions, dict):
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"Substitutions must be a key to value mapping, got {type(substitutions)}"
+        )
+    return substitutions
+
+
 def do_substitution_pass(
     config: OrderedDict, command_line_substitutions: dict[str, Any] | None = None
 ) -> OrderedDict:
@@ -429,10 +482,9 @@ def do_substitution_pass(
     # Use merge_dicts_ordered to preserve OrderedDict type for move_to_end()
     substitutions = config.pop(CONF_SUBSTITUTIONS, {})
     with cv.prepend_path(CONF_SUBSTITUTIONS):
-        if not isinstance(substitutions, dict):
-            raise cv.Invalid(
-                f"Substitutions must be a key to value mapping, got {type(substitutions)}"
-            )
+        substitutions = resolve_substitutions_block(
+            substitutions, command_line_substitutions
+        )
         substitutions = merge_dicts_ordered(
             substitutions, command_line_substitutions or {}
         )
diff --git a/esphome/components/sx126x/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sx126x/__init__.py
index 08f4c0fb88..b8696158fe 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sx126x/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sx126x/__init__.py
@@ -200,11 +200,11 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
                 cv.hex_int, cv.Range(min=0, max=0xFFFF)
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_DEVIATION, default="5kHz"): cv.All(
-                cv.frequency, cv.float_range(min=0, max=100000)
+                cv.frequency, cv.int_range(min=0, max=100000)
             ),
             cv.Required(CONF_DIO1_PIN): pins.gpio_input_pin_schema,
             cv.Required(CONF_FREQUENCY): cv.All(
-                cv.frequency, cv.float_range(min=137.0e6, max=1020.0e6)
+                cv.frequency, cv.int_range(min=int(137e6), max=int(1020e6))
             ),
             cv.Required(CONF_HW_VERSION): cv.one_of(
                 "sx1261", "sx1262", "sx1268", "llcc68", lower=True
diff --git a/esphome/components/sx127x/__init__.py b/esphome/components/sx127x/__init__.py
index 7f554fbf84..8fa7247192 100644
--- a/esphome/components/sx127x/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/sx127x/__init__.py
@@ -197,11 +197,11 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             cv.Optional(CONF_CODING_RATE, default="CR_4_5"): cv.enum(CODING_RATE),
             cv.Optional(CONF_CRC_ENABLE, default=False): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(CONF_DEVIATION, default="5kHz"): cv.All(
-                cv.frequency, cv.float_range(min=0, max=100000)
+                cv.frequency, cv.int_range(min=0, max=100000)
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_DIO0_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema,
             cv.Required(CONF_FREQUENCY): cv.All(
-                cv.frequency, cv.float_range(min=137.0e6, max=1020.0e6)
+                cv.frequency, cv.int_range(min=int(137e6), max=int(1020e6))
             ),
             cv.Required(CONF_MODULATION): cv.enum(MOD),
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_PACKET): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
diff --git a/esphome/components/template/text/__init__.py b/esphome/components/template/text/__init__.py
index 572b5ba0f4..1266370cb2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/template/text/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/template/text/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ID,
     CONF_INITIAL_VALUE,
     CONF_LAMBDA,
     CONF_MAX_LENGTH,
@@ -12,6 +13,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_RESTORE_VALUE,
     CONF_SET_ACTION,
 )
+from esphome.core import ID
 
 from .. import template_ns
 
@@ -84,8 +86,15 @@ async def to_code(config):
         if initial_value_config := config.get(CONF_INITIAL_VALUE):
             cg.add(var.set_initial_value(initial_value_config))
         if config[CONF_RESTORE_VALUE]:
-            args = cg.TemplateArguments(config[CONF_MAX_LENGTH])
-            saver = TextSaverTemplate.template(args).new()
+            saver_id = ID(
+                f"{config[CONF_ID].id}_value_saver",
+                is_declaration=True,
+                type=TextSaverBase,
+            )
+            saver_type = TextSaverTemplate.template(
+                cg.TemplateArguments(config[CONF_MAX_LENGTH])
+            )
+            saver = cg.Pvariable(saver_id, saver_type.new())
             cg.add(var.set_value_saver(saver))
 
     if CONF_SET_ACTION in config:
diff --git a/esphome/components/time/__init__.py b/esphome/components/time/__init__.py
index 7ac0abeee0..37c08b3a12 100644
--- a/esphome/components/time/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/time/__init__.py
@@ -109,8 +109,7 @@ def _parse_cron_int(value, special_mapping, message):
     try:
         return int(value)
     except ValueError:
-        # pylint: disable=raise-missing-from
-        raise cv.Invalid(message.format(value))
+        raise cv.Invalid(message.format(value)) from None
 
 
 def _parse_cron_part(part, min_value, max_value, special_mapping):
@@ -134,10 +133,9 @@ def _parse_cron_part(part, min_value, max_value, special_mapping):
         try:
             repeat_n = int(repeat)
         except ValueError:
-            # pylint: disable=raise-missing-from
             raise cv.Invalid(
                 f"Repeat for '/' time expression must be an integer, got {repeat}"
-            )
+            ) from None
         return set(range(offset_n, max_value + 1, repeat_n))
     if "-" in part:
         data = part.split("-")
diff --git a/esphome/components/tm1637/tm1637.cpp b/esphome/components/tm1637/tm1637.cpp
index da9adb59a4..4814d5b1c4 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tm1637/tm1637.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/tm1637/tm1637.cpp
@@ -347,6 +347,13 @@ uint8_t TM1637Display::print(uint8_t start_pos, const char *str) {
   }
   return pos - start_pos;
 }
+
+void TM1637Display::set_brightness(float brightness) {
+  auto intensity = clamp(brightness, 0.f, 1.f) * 7;
+  this->set_on(intensity > 0);
+  this->set_intensity(intensity);
+}
+
 uint8_t TM1637Display::print(const char *str) { return this->print(0, str); }
 
 void TM1637Display::set_buffer(const uint8_t *data, uint8_t length) {
diff --git a/esphome/components/tm1637/tm1637.h b/esphome/components/tm1637/tm1637.h
index c1fbabb21b..1738d37107 100644
--- a/esphome/components/tm1637/tm1637.h
+++ b/esphome/components/tm1637/tm1637.h
@@ -50,6 +50,9 @@ class TM1637Display : public PollingComponent {
   /// Set raw buffer bytes from data array up to length bytes.
   void set_buffer(const uint8_t *data, uint8_t length);
 
+  /// Set the display brightness. Accepts a value between 0.0 and 1.0; 0 will turn off
+  /// the display and 1.0 will set it to the maximum brightness.
+  void set_brightness(float brightness);
   void set_intensity(uint8_t intensity) { this->intensity_ = intensity; }
   void set_inverted(bool inverted) { this->inverted_ = inverted; }
   void set_length(uint8_t length) { this->length_ = length; }
diff --git a/esphome/components/web_server/list_entities.h b/esphome/components/web_server/list_entities.h
index 6a84066109..8c22d757b6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/web_server/list_entities.h
+++ b/esphome/components/web_server/list_entities.h
@@ -75,6 +75,9 @@ class ListEntitiesIterator final : public ComponentIterator {
 #ifdef USE_VALVE
   bool on_valve(valve::Valve *obj) override;
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
+  bool on_media_player(media_player::MediaPlayer *obj) override { return true; }
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL
   bool on_alarm_control_panel(alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanel *obj) override;
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py b/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
index 33557f03c7..bc4e177219 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py
@@ -289,12 +289,12 @@ def final_validate(config):
 def _consume_wifi_sockets(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """Register UDP PCBs used internally by lwIP for DHCP and DNS.
 
-    Only needed on LibreTiny where we directly set MEMP_NUM_UDP_PCB (the raw
-    PCB pool shared by both application sockets and lwIP internals like DHCP/DNS).
-    On ESP32, CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_SOCKETS only controls the POSIX socket layer —
-    DHCP/DNS use raw udp_new() which bypasses it entirely.
+    Needed on LibreTiny and RP2040 where we directly set MEMP_NUM_UDP_PCB (the
+    raw PCB pool shared by both application sockets and lwIP internals like
+    DHCP/DNS). On ESP32, CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_SOCKETS only controls the POSIX socket
+    layer — DHCP/DNS use raw udp_new() which bypasses it entirely.
     """
-    if not (CORE.is_bk72xx or CORE.is_rtl87xx or CORE.is_ln882x):
+    if not (CORE.is_bk72xx or CORE.is_rtl87xx or CORE.is_ln882x or CORE.is_rp2040):
         return config
     from esphome.components import socket
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
index 7b31a22ed5..481846085c 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp
@@ -308,6 +308,7 @@ bool CompactString::operator==(const StringRef &other) const {
 /// │  - Roaming fail (RECONNECTING on other AP): counter preserved        │
 /// └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
 
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_INFO
 // Use if-chain instead of switch to avoid jump table in RODATA (wastes RAM on ESP8266)
 static const LogString *retry_phase_to_log_string(WiFiRetryPhase phase) {
   if (phase == WiFiRetryPhase::INITIAL_CONNECT)
@@ -326,6 +327,7 @@ static const LogString *retry_phase_to_log_string(WiFiRetryPhase phase) {
     return LOG_STR("RESTARTING");
   return LOG_STR("UNKNOWN");
 }
+#endif  // ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_INFO
 
 bool WiFiComponent::went_through_explicit_hidden_phase_() const {
   // If first configured network is marked hidden, we went through EXPLICIT_HIDDEN phase
@@ -730,9 +732,16 @@ void WiFiComponent::restart_adapter() {
 }
 
 void WiFiComponent::loop() {
-  this->wifi_loop_();
+  bool events_processed = this->wifi_loop_();
   const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
-  this->update_connected_state_();
+  // Connection state can only change when events are processed (ESP-IDF/LibreTiny)
+  // or polled (ESP8266/Pico W). Skip the expensive wifi_sta_connect_status_() call
+  // when no events arrived and we're already in steady state.
+  // Must also run when connected_ is false — after state transitions to STA_CONNECTED,
+  // connected_ won't be set until update_connected_state_() runs.
+  if (events_processed || !this->connected_) {
+    this->update_connected_state_();
+  }
 
   if (this->has_sta()) {
 #if defined(USE_WIFI_CONNECT_TRIGGER) || defined(USE_WIFI_DISCONNECT_TRIGGER)
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
index 665dec37d5..53fb0728fb 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h
@@ -9,6 +9,11 @@
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 #include "esphome/core/lock_free_queue.h"
 #endif
+#if defined(USE_LIBRETINY) && defined(ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS)
+#include "esphome/core/lock_free_queue.h"
+#elif defined(USE_LIBRETINY) && defined(ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_NO_ATOMICS)
+#include "esphome/core/freertos_queue.h"
+#endif
 #include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
 
 #include <span>
@@ -657,7 +662,7 @@ class WiFiComponent final : public Component {
 
   void connect_soon_();
 
-  void wifi_loop_();
+  bool wifi_loop_();
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266
   void process_pending_callbacks_();
 #endif
@@ -882,6 +887,19 @@ class WiFiComponent final : public Component {
   LockFreeQueue<IDFWiFiEvent, 17> event_queue_;
 #endif
 
+#ifdef USE_LIBRETINY
+  // Thread-safe queue for WiFi events from LibreTiny callback thread.
+  // LockFreeQueue on platforms with hardware atomics (RTL87xx, LN882x),
+  // FreeRTOSQueue on platforms without (BK72xx).
+  static constexpr uint8_t LT_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE = 16;
+#ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS
+  // Ring buffer reserves one slot, so +1 for 16 usable slots
+  LockFreeQueue<LTWiFiEvent, LT_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE + 1> event_queue_;
+#else
+  FreeRTOSQueue<LTWiFiEvent, LT_EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE> event_queue_;
+#endif
+#endif
+
  private:
   // Stores a pointer to a string literal (static storage duration).
   // ONLY set from Python-generated code with string literals - never dynamic strings.
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
index cb53d3ac1b..e56a8df350 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp
@@ -938,7 +938,10 @@ network::IPAddress WiFiComponent::wifi_gateway_ip_() {
   return network::IPAddress(&ip.gw);
 }
 network::IPAddress WiFiComponent::wifi_dns_ip_(int num) { return network::IPAddress(dns_getserver(num)); }
-void WiFiComponent::wifi_loop_() { this->process_pending_callbacks_(); }
+bool WiFiComponent::wifi_loop_() {
+  this->process_pending_callbacks_();
+  return true;
+}
 
 void WiFiComponent::process_pending_callbacks_() {
   // Process callbacks deferred from ESP8266 SDK system context (~2KB stack)
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp_idf.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp_idf.cpp
index 4097df80af..c790742c79 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp_idf.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp_idf.cpp
@@ -715,17 +715,25 @@ const char *get_disconnect_reason_str(uint8_t reason) {
   }
 }
 
-void WiFiComponent::wifi_loop_() {
+bool WiFiComponent::wifi_loop_() {
+  // Use pop() directly instead of empty() — pop() costs 1 memw (acquire on tail_),
+  // while empty() costs 2 memw (acquire on both head_ and tail_) on Xtensa.
+  IDFWiFiEvent *data = this->event_queue_.pop();
+  if (data == nullptr)
+    return false;
+
+  do {
+    wifi_process_event_(data);
+    delete data;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+  } while ((data = this->event_queue_.pop()) != nullptr);
+
+  // Drops only occur when the queue is full, and only this loop drains it,
+  // so if pop() returned nullptr above we can skip this check.
   uint16_t dropped = this->event_queue_.get_and_reset_dropped_count();
   if (dropped > 0) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Dropped %u WiFi events due to buffer overflow", dropped);
   }
-
-  IDFWiFiEvent *data;
-  while ((data = this->event_queue_.pop()) != nullptr) {
-    wifi_process_event_(data);
-    delete data;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
-  }
+  return true;
 }
 // Events are processed from queue in main loop context, but listener notifications
 // must be deferred until after the state machine transitions (in check_connecting_finished)
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_libretiny.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_libretiny.cpp
index 9565ffa747..cdd11ceaef 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_libretiny.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_libretiny.cpp
@@ -10,9 +10,6 @@
 #include "lwip/err.h"
 #include "lwip/dns.h"
 
-#include <FreeRTOS.h>
-#include <queue.h>
-
 #ifdef USE_BK72XX
 extern "C" {
 #include <wlan_ui_pub.h>
@@ -43,16 +40,13 @@ static const char *const TAG = "wifi_lt";
 // (like connection status flags) from the callback causes race conditions:
 // - The main loop may never see state changes (values cached in registers)
 // - State changes may be visible in inconsistent order
-// - LibreTiny targets (BK7231, RTL8720) lack atomic instructions (no LDREX/STREX)
 //
 // Solution: Queue events in the callback and process them in the main loop.
 // This is the same approach used by ESP32 IDF's wifi_process_event_().
 // All state modifications happen in the main loop context, eliminating races.
-
-static constexpr size_t EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE = 16;  // Max pending WiFi events before overflow
-static QueueHandle_t s_event_queue = nullptr;   // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
-static volatile uint32_t s_event_queue_overflow_count =
-    0;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+//
+// On platforms with hardware atomics (RTL87xx, LN882x): LockFreeQueue (SPSC ring buffer)
+// On platforms without (BK72xx): FreeRTOSQueue (xQueue wrapper with critical sections)
 
 // Event structure for queued WiFi events - contains a copy of event data
 // to avoid lifetime issues with the original event data from the callback
@@ -352,10 +346,6 @@ using esphome_wifi_event_info_t = arduino_event_info_t;
 // Event callback - runs in WiFi driver thread context
 // Only queues events for processing in main loop, no logging or state changes here
 void WiFiComponent::wifi_event_callback_(esphome_wifi_event_id_t event, esphome_wifi_event_info_t info) {
-  if (s_event_queue == nullptr) {
-    return;
-  }
-
   // Allocate on heap and fill directly to avoid extra memcpy
   auto *to_send = new LTWiFiEvent{};  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
   to_send->event_id = event;
@@ -428,9 +418,8 @@ void WiFiComponent::wifi_event_callback_(esphome_wifi_event_id_t event, esphome_
   }
 
   // Queue event (don't block if queue is full)
-  if (xQueueSend(s_event_queue, &to_send, 0) != pdPASS) {
+  if (!this->event_queue_.push(to_send)) {
     delete to_send;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
-    s_event_queue_overflow_count++;
   }
 }
 
@@ -620,14 +609,6 @@ void WiFiComponent::wifi_process_event_(LTWiFiEvent *event) {
   }
 }
 void WiFiComponent::wifi_pre_setup_() {
-  // Create event queue for thread-safe event handling
-  // Events are pushed from WiFi callback thread and processed in main loop
-  s_event_queue = xQueueCreate(EVENT_QUEUE_SIZE, sizeof(LTWiFiEvent *));
-  if (s_event_queue == nullptr) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to create event queue");
-    return;
-  }
-
   WiFi.onEvent(
       [this](arduino_event_id_t event, arduino_event_info_t info) { this->wifi_event_callback_(event, info); });
   // Make sure WiFi is in clean state before anything starts
@@ -796,28 +777,26 @@ int32_t WiFiComponent::get_wifi_channel() { return WiFi.channel(); }
 network::IPAddress WiFiComponent::wifi_subnet_mask_() { return {WiFi.subnetMask()}; }
 network::IPAddress WiFiComponent::wifi_gateway_ip_() { return {WiFi.gatewayIP()}; }
 network::IPAddress WiFiComponent::wifi_dns_ip_(int num) { return {WiFi.dnsIP(num)}; }
-void WiFiComponent::wifi_loop_() {
-  // Process all pending events from the queue
-  if (s_event_queue == nullptr) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // Check for dropped events due to queue overflow
-  if (s_event_queue_overflow_count > 0) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Event queue overflow, %" PRIu32 " events dropped", s_event_queue_overflow_count);
-    s_event_queue_overflow_count = 0;
-  }
-
-  while (true) {
-    LTWiFiEvent *event;
-    if (xQueueReceive(s_event_queue, &event, 0) != pdTRUE) {
-      // No more events
-      break;
-    }
+bool WiFiComponent::wifi_loop_() {
+  // Use pop() directly instead of empty() — avoids redundant synchronization.
+  // LockFreeQueue: pop() costs 1 memw vs empty()'s 2 memw on Xtensa.
+  // FreeRTOSQueue: pop() is 1 critical section vs empty() + pop() = 2.
+  LTWiFiEvent *event = this->event_queue_.pop();
+  if (event == nullptr)
+    return false;
 
+  do {
     wifi_process_event_(event);
     delete event;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+  } while ((event = this->event_queue_.pop()) != nullptr);
+
+  // Drops only occur when the queue is full, and only this loop drains it,
+  // so if pop() returned nullptr above we can skip this check.
+  uint16_t dropped = this->event_queue_.get_and_reset_dropped_count();
+  if (dropped > 0) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Dropped %" PRIu16 " WiFi events due to buffer overflow", dropped);
   }
+  return true;
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::wifi
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp
index 1cfeee3c1b..4e1e0395c0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ network::IPAddress WiFiComponent::wifi_dns_ip_(int num) {
 // Connect state listener notifications are deferred until after the state machine
 // transitions (in check_connecting_finished) so that conditions like wifi.connected
 // return correct values in automations.
-void WiFiComponent::wifi_loop_() {
+bool WiFiComponent::wifi_loop_() {
   // Handle scan completion
   if (this->state_ == WIFI_COMPONENT_STATE_STA_SCANNING && !cyw43_wifi_scan_active(&cyw43_state)) {
     this->scan_done_ = true;
@@ -365,6 +365,7 @@ void WiFiComponent::wifi_loop_() {
 #endif
     }
   }
+  return true;
 }
 
 void WiFiComponent::wifi_pre_setup_() {}
diff --git a/esphome/components/wifi/wpa2_eap.py b/esphome/components/wifi/wpa2_eap.py
index 9da3494329..51971a1220 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wifi/wpa2_eap.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wifi/wpa2_eap.py
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ def _validate_load_certificate(value):
         contents = read_relative_config_path(value)
         return wrapped_load_pem_x509_certificate(contents)
     except ValueError as err:
-        raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid certificate: {err}")
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid certificate: {err}") from err
 
 
 def validate_certificate(value):
@@ -86,9 +86,9 @@ def _validate_load_private_key(key, cert_pw):
     except ValueError as e:
         raise cv.Invalid(
             f"There was an error with the EAP 'password:' provided for 'key' {e}"
-        )
+        ) from e
     except TypeError as e:
-        raise cv.Invalid(f"There was an error with the EAP 'key:' provided: {e}")
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"There was an error with the EAP 'key:' provided: {e}") from e
 
 
 def _check_private_key_cert_match(key, cert):
diff --git a/esphome/components/wireguard/__init__.py b/esphome/components/wireguard/__init__.py
index 1b54391376..e128b8476d 100644
--- a/esphome/components/wireguard/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/wireguard/__init__.py
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ def _cidr_network(value):
     try:
         ipaddress.ip_network(value, strict=False)
     except ValueError as err:
-        raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid network in CIDR notation: {err}")
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid network in CIDR notation: {err}") from err
     return value
 
 
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     # the '+1' modifier is relative to the device's own address that will
     # be automatically added to the provided list.
     cg.add_build_flag(f"-DCONFIG_WIREGUARD_MAX_SRC_IPS={len(allowed_ips) + 1}")
-    cg.add_library("droscy/esp_wireguard", "0.4.4")
+    cg.add_library("droscy/esp_wireguard", "0.4.5")
 
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr_ble_server/__init__.py b/esphome/components/zephyr_ble_server/__init__.py
index 211941e984..658137d1a2 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zephyr_ble_server/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr_ble_server/__init__.py
@@ -1,28 +1,35 @@
+from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.zephyr import zephyr_add_prj_conf
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ESPHOME, CONF_ID, CONF_NAME, Framework
-import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID, Framework
+from esphome.core import CORE
 
 zephyr_ble_server_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("zephyr_ble_server")
 BLEServer = zephyr_ble_server_ns.class_("BLEServer", cg.Component)
 
+CONF_ON_NUMERIC_COMPARISON_REQUEST = "on_numeric_comparison_request"
+CONF_ACCEPT = "accept"
+
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BLEServer),
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_ON_NUMERIC_COMPARISON_REQUEST
+            ): automation.validate_automation({}),
         }
     ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
     cv.only_with_framework(Framework.ZEPHYR),
 )
 
-
-def _final_validate(_):
-    full_config = fv.full_config.get()
-    zephyr_add_prj_conf("BT_DEVICE_NAME", full_config[CONF_ESPHOME][CONF_NAME])
-
-
-FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
+_CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS = (
+    automation.CallbackAutomation(
+        CONF_ON_NUMERIC_COMPARISON_REQUEST,
+        "add_passkey_callback",
+        [(cg.uint32, "passkey")],
+    ),
+)
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
@@ -30,5 +37,39 @@ async def to_code(config):
     zephyr_add_prj_conf("BT", True)
     zephyr_add_prj_conf("BT_PERIPHERAL", True)
     zephyr_add_prj_conf("BT_RX_STACK_SIZE", 1536)
-    # zephyr_add_prj_conf("BT_LL_SW_SPLIT", True)
+    zephyr_add_prj_conf("BT_DEVICE_NAME", CORE.name)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    if config.get(CONF_ON_NUMERIC_COMPARISON_REQUEST):
+        zephyr_add_prj_conf("BT_SMP", True)
+        zephyr_add_prj_conf("BT_SETTINGS", True)
+        zephyr_add_prj_conf("BT_SMP_SC_ONLY", True)
+        zephyr_add_prj_conf("BT_KEYS_OVERWRITE_OLDEST", True)
+    await automation.build_callback_automations(var, config, _CALLBACK_AUTOMATIONS)
+
+
+BLENumericComparisonReplyAction = zephyr_ble_server_ns.class_(
+    "BLENumericComparisonReplyAction", automation.Action
+)
+
+BLE_NUMERIC_COMPARISON_REPLY_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(BLEServer),
+        cv.Required(CONF_ACCEPT): cv.templatable(cv.boolean),
+    }
+)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "ble_server.numeric_comparison_reply",
+    BLENumericComparisonReplyAction,
+    BLE_NUMERIC_COMPARISON_REPLY_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+    synchronous=True,
+)
+async def numeric_comparison_reply_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, parent)
+
+    templ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_ACCEPT], args, cg.bool_)
+    cg.add(var.set_accept(templ))
+
+    return var
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr_ble_server/ble_server.cpp b/esphome/components/zephyr_ble_server/ble_server.cpp
index 9f7e606a90..15993abcce 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zephyr_ble_server/ble_server.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr_ble_server/ble_server.cpp
@@ -3,32 +3,34 @@
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include <zephyr/bluetooth/bluetooth.h>
-#include <zephyr/bluetooth/conn.h>
+#include <zephyr/settings/settings.h>
 
 namespace esphome::zephyr_ble_server {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "zephyr_ble_server";
 
-static struct k_work advertise_work;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+static k_work advertise_work;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+
+BLEServer *global_ble_server;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
 #define DEVICE_NAME CONFIG_BT_DEVICE_NAME
 #define DEVICE_NAME_LEN (sizeof(DEVICE_NAME) - 1)
 
-static const struct bt_data AD[] = {
+static const bt_data AD[] = {
     BT_DATA_BYTES(BT_DATA_FLAGS, (BT_LE_AD_GENERAL | BT_LE_AD_NO_BREDR)),
     BT_DATA(BT_DATA_NAME_COMPLETE, DEVICE_NAME, DEVICE_NAME_LEN),
 };
 
-static const struct bt_data SD[] = {
+static const bt_data SD[] = {
 #ifdef USE_OTA
     BT_DATA_BYTES(BT_DATA_UUID128_ALL, 0x84, 0xaa, 0x60, 0x74, 0x52, 0x8a, 0x8b, 0x86, 0xd3, 0x4c, 0xb7, 0x1d, 0x1d,
                   0xdc, 0x53, 0x8d),
 #endif
 };
 
-const struct bt_le_adv_param *const ADV_PARAM = BT_LE_ADV_CONN;
+const bt_le_adv_param *const ADV_PARAM = BT_LE_ADV_CONN;
 
-static void advertise(struct k_work *work) {
+static void advertise(k_work *work) {
   int rc = bt_le_adv_stop();
   if (rc) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Advertising failed to stop (rc %d)", rc);
@@ -42,57 +44,276 @@ static void advertise(struct k_work *work) {
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Advertising successfully started");
 }
 
-static void connected(struct bt_conn *conn, uint8_t err) {
+void BLEServer::connected(bt_conn *conn, uint8_t err) {
+  char addr[BT_ADDR_LE_STR_LEN];
+  bt_addr_le_to_str(bt_conn_get_dst(conn), addr, sizeof(addr));
   if (err) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Connection failed (err 0x%02x)", err);
-  } else {
-    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Connected");
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to connect to %s (%u)", addr, err);
+    return;
   }
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Connected %s", addr);
+#ifdef CONFIG_BT_SMP
+  if (bt_conn_set_security(conn, BT_SECURITY_L4)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to set security");
+  }
+#endif
+  conn = bt_conn_ref(conn);
+  global_ble_server->defer([conn]() { global_ble_server->conn_ = conn; });
 }
 
-static void disconnected(struct bt_conn *conn, uint8_t reason) {
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Disconnected (reason 0x%02x)", reason);
+void BLEServer::disconnected(bt_conn *conn, uint8_t reason) {
+  char addr[BT_ADDR_LE_STR_LEN];
+
+  bt_addr_le_to_str(bt_conn_get_dst(conn), addr, sizeof(addr));
+
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Disconnected from %s (reason 0x%02x)", addr, reason);
+  global_ble_server->defer([]() {
+    if (global_ble_server->conn_) {
+      bt_conn_unref(global_ble_server->conn_);
+      global_ble_server->conn_ = nullptr;
+    }
+  });
   k_work_submit(&advertise_work);
 }
 
-static void bt_ready(int err) {
-  if (err != 0) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Bluetooth failed to initialise: %d", err);
+#ifdef CONFIG_BT_SMP
+static void identity_resolved(bt_conn *conn, const bt_addr_le_t *rpa, const bt_addr_le_t *identity) {
+  char addr_identity[BT_ADDR_LE_STR_LEN];
+  char addr_rpa[BT_ADDR_LE_STR_LEN];
+
+  bt_addr_le_to_str(identity, addr_identity, sizeof(addr_identity));
+  bt_addr_le_to_str(rpa, addr_rpa, sizeof(addr_rpa));
+
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Identity resolved %s -> %s", addr_rpa, addr_identity);
+}
+
+static void security_changed(bt_conn *conn, bt_security_t level, bt_security_err err) {
+  char addr[BT_ADDR_LE_STR_LEN];
+
+  bt_addr_le_to_str(bt_conn_get_dst(conn), addr, sizeof(addr));
+
+  if (!err) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Security changed: %s level %u", addr, level);
   } else {
-    k_work_submit(&advertise_work);
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Security failed: %s level %u err %d", addr, level, err);
   }
 }
 
-BT_CONN_CB_DEFINE(conn_callbacks) = {
-    .connected = connected,
-    .disconnected = disconnected,
-};
+static void pairing_complete(bt_conn *conn, bool bonded) {
+  char addr[BT_ADDR_LE_STR_LEN];
 
-void BLEServer::setup() {
-  k_work_init(&advertise_work, advertise);
-  resume_();
+  bt_addr_le_to_str(bt_conn_get_dst(conn), addr, sizeof(addr));
+
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Pairing completed: %s, bonded: %d", addr, bonded);
 }
 
-void BLEServer::loop() {
-  if (this->suspended_) {
-    resume_();
-    this->suspended_ = false;
-  }
+static void pairing_failed(bt_conn *conn, bt_security_err reason) {
+  char addr[BT_ADDR_LE_STR_LEN];
+
+  bt_addr_le_to_str(bt_conn_get_dst(conn), addr, sizeof(addr));
+
+  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Pairing failed conn: %s, reason %d", addr, reason);
+
+  bt_conn_disconnect(conn, BT_HCI_ERR_REMOTE_USER_TERM_CONN);
 }
 
-void BLEServer::resume_() {
-  int rc = bt_enable(bt_ready);
-  if (rc != 0) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Bluetooth enable failed: %d", rc);
+static void bond_deleted(uint8_t id, const bt_addr_le_t *peer) {
+  char addr[BT_ADDR_LE_STR_LEN];
+
+  bt_addr_le_to_str(peer, addr, sizeof(addr));
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Bond deleted for %s, id %u", addr, id);
+}
+
+static void auth_passkey_display(bt_conn *conn, unsigned int passkey) {
+  char addr[BT_ADDR_LE_STR_LEN];
+  char passkey_str[7];
+
+  bt_addr_le_to_str(bt_conn_get_dst(conn), addr, sizeof(addr));
+
+  snprintk(passkey_str, 7, "%06u", passkey);
+
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Passkey for %s: %s", addr, passkey_str);
+}
+
+static void conn_addr_str(bt_conn *conn, char *addr, size_t len) {
+  struct bt_conn_info info;
+
+  if (bt_conn_get_info(conn, &info) < 0) {
+    addr[0] = '\0';
     return;
   }
+
+  switch (info.type) {
+    case BT_CONN_TYPE_LE:
+      bt_addr_le_to_str(info.le.dst, addr, len);
+      break;
+    default:
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Not implemented");
+      addr[0] = '\0';
+      break;
+  }
 }
 
-void BLEServer::on_shutdown() {
-  struct k_work_sync sync;
-  k_work_cancel_sync(&advertise_work, &sync);
-  bt_disable();
-  this->suspended_ = true;
+static void auth_cancel(bt_conn *conn) {
+  char addr[BT_ADDR_LE_STR_LEN];
+
+  conn_addr_str(conn, addr, sizeof(addr));
+
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Pairing cancelled: %s", addr);
+}
+
+void BLEServer::auth_passkey_confirm(bt_conn *conn, unsigned int passkey) {
+  char addr[BT_ADDR_LE_STR_LEN];
+  char passkey_str[7];
+
+  bt_addr_le_to_str(bt_conn_get_dst(conn), addr, sizeof(addr));
+
+  snprintk(passkey_str, 7, "%06u", passkey);
+
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Confirm passkey for %s: %s", addr, passkey_str);
+  global_ble_server->defer([passkey]() { global_ble_server->passkey_cb_(passkey); });
+}
+
+static void auth_pairing_confirm(bt_conn *conn) {
+  /* Automatically confirm pairing request from the device side. */
+  auto err = bt_conn_auth_pairing_confirm(conn);
+  if (err) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Can't confirm pairing (err: %d)", err);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  char addr[BT_ADDR_LE_STR_LEN];
+
+  bt_addr_le_to_str(bt_conn_get_dst(conn), addr, sizeof(addr));
+
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Pairing confirmed: %s", addr);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+void BLEServer::setup() {
+  global_ble_server = this;
+  int err = 0;
+  k_work_init(&advertise_work, advertise);
+
+  static bt_conn_cb conn_callbacks = {
+      .connected = connected,
+      .disconnected = disconnected,
+#ifdef CONFIG_BT_SMP
+      .identity_resolved = identity_resolved,
+      .security_changed = security_changed,
+#endif
+  };
+
+  bt_conn_cb_register(&conn_callbacks);
+#ifdef CONFIG_BT_SMP
+  static struct bt_conn_auth_info_cb conn_auth_info_callbacks = {
+      .pairing_complete = pairing_complete, .pairing_failed = pairing_failed, .bond_deleted = bond_deleted};
+  err = bt_conn_auth_info_cb_register(&conn_auth_info_callbacks);
+  if (err) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to register authorization info callbacks.");
+  }
+  static struct bt_conn_auth_cb auth_cb = {
+      .passkey_display = auth_passkey_display,
+      .passkey_confirm = auth_passkey_confirm,
+      .cancel = auth_cancel,
+      .pairing_confirm = auth_pairing_confirm,
+  };
+  err = bt_conn_auth_cb_register(&auth_cb);
+  if (err) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to set auth handlers (%d)", err);
+  }
+#endif
+  // callback cannot be used to start scanning due to race conditions with BT_SETTINGS
+  err = bt_enable(nullptr);
+  if (err) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Bluetooth enable failed: %d", err);
+    return;
+  }
+#ifdef CONFIG_BT_SETTINGS
+  err = settings_load();
+  if (err) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Cannot load settings, err: %d", err);
+  }
+#endif
+  k_work_submit(&advertise_work);
+}
+
+#ifdef ESPHOME_LOG_HAS_DEBUG
+static const char *role_str(uint8_t role) {
+  switch (role) {
+    case BT_CONN_ROLE_CENTRAL:
+      return "Central";
+    case BT_CONN_ROLE_PERIPHERAL:
+      return "Peripheral";
+  }
+
+  return "Unknown";
+}
+
+static void connection_info(bt_conn *conn, void *user_data) {
+  char addr[BT_ADDR_LE_STR_LEN];
+  struct bt_conn_info info;
+
+  if (bt_conn_get_info(conn, &info) < 0) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unable to get info: conn %p", conn);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  switch (info.type) {
+    case BT_CONN_TYPE_LE:
+      bt_addr_le_to_str(info.le.dst, addr, sizeof(addr));
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  %u [LE][%s] %s: Interval %u latency %u timeout %u security L%u", info.id, role_str(info.role),
+               addr, info.le.interval, info.le.latency, info.le.timeout, info.security.level);
+      break;
+    default:
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Not implemented");
+      break;
+  }
+}
+#ifdef CONFIG_BT_BONDABLE
+static void bond_info(const struct bt_bond_info *info, void *user_data) {
+  char addr[BT_ADDR_LE_STR_LEN];
+
+  bt_addr_le_to_str(&info->addr, addr, sizeof(addr));
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Bond remote identity: %s", addr);
+}
+#endif
+#endif
+
+void BLEServer::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "ble server:\n"
+                "  connected: %s\n"
+                "  name: %s\n"
+                "  appearance: %u\n"
+                "  ready: %s\n"
+#ifdef CONFIG_BT_SMP
+                "  security manager: YES",
+#else
+                "  security manager: NO",
+#endif
+                YESNO(this->conn_), bt_get_name(), bt_get_appearance(), YESNO(bt_is_ready()));
+
+#ifdef ESPHOME_LOG_HAS_DEBUG
+  bt_conn_foreach(BT_CONN_TYPE_ALL, connection_info, nullptr);
+#ifdef CONFIG_BT_BONDABLE
+  bt_foreach_bond(BT_ID_DEFAULT, bond_info, nullptr);
+#endif
+#endif
+}
+
+void BLEServer::numeric_comparison_reply(bool accept) {
+  if (this->conn_ == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Not connected");
+    return;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Numeric comparison %s", accept ? "accepted" : "rejected");
+  if (accept) {
+    bt_conn_auth_passkey_confirm(this->conn_);
+  } else {
+    bt_conn_auth_cancel(this->conn_);
+  }
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::zephyr_ble_server
diff --git a/esphome/components/zephyr_ble_server/ble_server.h b/esphome/components/zephyr_ble_server/ble_server.h
index 1b32e9b58c..bf69c52b12 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zephyr_ble_server/ble_server.h
+++ b/esphome/components/zephyr_ble_server/ble_server.h
@@ -1,18 +1,36 @@
 #pragma once
 #ifdef USE_ZEPHYR
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include <zephyr/bluetooth/conn.h>
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 
 namespace esphome::zephyr_ble_server {
 
 class BLEServer : public Component {
  public:
   void setup() override;
-  void loop() override;
-  void on_shutdown() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  template<typename F> void add_passkey_callback(F &&callback) { this->passkey_cb_.add(std::forward<F>(callback)); }
+  void numeric_comparison_reply(bool accept);
 
  protected:
-  void resume_();
-  bool suspended_ = false;
+  static void connected(bt_conn *conn, uint8_t err);
+  static void disconnected(bt_conn *conn, uint8_t reason);
+  static void auth_passkey_confirm(bt_conn *conn, unsigned int passkey);
+  bt_conn *conn_{};
+  CallbackManager<void(uint32_t)> passkey_cb_;
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class BLENumericComparisonReplyAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  explicit BLENumericComparisonReplyAction(BLEServer *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
+
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, accept)
+
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->numeric_comparison_reply(this->accept_.value(x...)); }
+
+ protected:
+  BLEServer *parent_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::zephyr_ble_server
diff --git a/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.cpp b/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.cpp
index ecb38b25e7..8a24bd57d6 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.cpp
@@ -101,8 +101,10 @@ void ZWaveProxy::loop() {
   this->status_clear_warning();
 }
 
-void ZWaveProxy::process_uart_() {
-  while (this->available()) {
+void ZWaveProxy::process_uart_slow_() {
+  // Caller (inline process_uart_) has already confirmed available() > 0, so use do/while to
+  // drain bytes — available() is still checked at the tail, but not redundantly on entry.
+  do {
     uint8_t byte;
     if (!this->read_byte(&byte)) {
       this->status_set_warning(LOG_STR("UART read failed"));
@@ -137,7 +139,7 @@ void ZWaveProxy::process_uart_() {
         this->api_connection_->send_message(this->outgoing_proto_msg_);
       }
     }
-  }
+  } while (this->available());
 }
 
 void ZWaveProxy::dump_config() {
@@ -414,7 +416,7 @@ void ZWaveProxy::parse_start_(uint8_t byte) {
   }
 }
 
-bool ZWaveProxy::response_handler_() {
+bool ZWaveProxy::response_handler_slow_() {
   switch (this->parsing_state_) {
     case ZWAVE_PARSING_STATE_SEND_ACK:
       this->last_response_ = ZWAVE_FRAME_TYPE_ACK;
diff --git a/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.h b/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.h
index 0b810de29f..dc5dc46abc 100644
--- a/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.h
+++ b/esphome/components/zwave_proxy/zwave_proxy.h
@@ -38,6 +38,13 @@ enum ZWaveParsingState : uint8_t {
   ZWAVE_PARSING_STATE_READ_BL_MENU,
 };
 
+// response_handler_()'s inline fast-path relies on SEND_ACK/CAN/NAK being contiguous in this
+// enum so a single range check (state - SEND_ACK < 3) is equivalent to three equality checks.
+static_assert(ZWAVE_PARSING_STATE_SEND_CAN == ZWAVE_PARSING_STATE_SEND_ACK + 1,
+              "SEND_CAN must immediately follow SEND_ACK for response_handler_ fast-path");
+static_assert(ZWAVE_PARSING_STATE_SEND_NAK == ZWAVE_PARSING_STATE_SEND_ACK + 2,
+              "SEND_NAK must immediately follow SEND_CAN for response_handler_ fast-path");
+
 enum ZWaveProxyFeature : uint32_t {
   FEATURE_ZWAVE_PROXY_ENABLED = 1 << 0,
 };
@@ -72,8 +79,31 @@ class ZWaveProxy : public uart::UARTDevice, public Component {
   void send_simple_command_(uint8_t command_id);
   bool parse_byte_(uint8_t byte);  // Returns true if frame parsing was completed (a frame is ready in the buffer)
   void parse_start_(uint8_t byte);
-  bool response_handler_();
-  void process_uart_();  // Process all available UART data
+  // Inline fast-path: most calls happen with parsing_state_ outside the SEND_* range, so skip the
+  // out-of-line call entirely in the hot path (e.g. every loop() tick) and only pay for the real
+  // work when a response is actually pending. ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE is required because with -Os
+  // gcc otherwise clones the wrapper into a shared $isra$ outline and keeps the call8.
+  ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE bool response_handler_() {
+    if (this->parsing_state_ < ZWAVE_PARSING_STATE_SEND_ACK || this->parsing_state_ > ZWAVE_PARSING_STATE_SEND_NAK) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    return this->response_handler_slow_();
+  }
+  bool response_handler_slow_();
+  // Inline fast-path: UART::available() is cheap (ring-buffer head/tail compare on most backends).
+  // On an idle loop tick we want to skip the call to process_uart_ entirely. When bytes are
+  // pending we fall into the slow path, which drains the UART with a do/while so available() is
+  // only checked once per byte — no redundant re-check on entry.
+  ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE void process_uart_() {
+    if (!this->available()) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this->process_uart_slow_();
+  }
+  // Precondition: caller must guarantee available() > 0 before invoking (see inline
+  // process_uart_ above). The slow path uses do/while and would otherwise set a spurious UART
+  // warning on entry if called with no bytes pending.
+  void process_uart_slow_();
 
   // Pre-allocated message - always ready to send
   api::ZWaveProxyFrame outgoing_proto_msg_;
diff --git a/esphome/config_validation.py b/esphome/config_validation.py
index 31cfb41a6d..fbafc5cb07 100644
--- a/esphome/config_validation.py
+++ b/esphome/config_validation.py
@@ -544,8 +544,9 @@ def int_(value):
     try:
         return int(value, base)
     except ValueError:
-        # pylint: disable=raise-missing-from
-        raise Invalid(f"Expected integer, but cannot parse {value} as an integer")
+        raise Invalid(
+            f"Expected integer, but cannot parse {value} as an integer"
+        ) from None
 
 
 def int_range(min=None, max=None, min_included=True, max_included=True):
@@ -844,8 +845,7 @@ def time_period_str_colon(value):
     try:
         parsed = [int(x) for x in value.split(":")]
     except ValueError:
-        # pylint: disable=raise-missing-from
-        raise Invalid(TIME_PERIOD_ERROR.format(value))
+        raise Invalid(TIME_PERIOD_ERROR.format(value)) from None
 
     if len(parsed) == 2:
         hour, minute = parsed
@@ -943,7 +943,26 @@ def time_period_in_minutes_(value):
 def update_interval(value):
     if value == "never":
         return TimePeriodMilliseconds(milliseconds=SCHEDULER_DONT_RUN)
-    return positive_time_period_milliseconds(value)
+    result = positive_time_period_milliseconds(value)
+    # 0ms was historically (mis)used as a pseudo-loop() mechanism for
+    # PollingComponents. Under the hood it calls set_interval(0), which
+    # causes Scheduler::call() to spin (WDT reset in the field). Coerce
+    # to 1ms so existing configs keep working at ~1kHz instead of
+    # spinning. Don't hard-fail so configs don't break on upgrade;
+    # authors should migrate to HighFrequencyLoopRequester (C++) for
+    # true run-every-loop behaviour.
+    if result.total_milliseconds == 0:
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "update_interval of 0ms is not supported - coercing to 1ms. "
+            "A literal 0ms schedule would spin the main loop (the scheduled "
+            "item would always be due, so the scheduler would never yield "
+            "back) and trigger a watchdog reset. Set update_interval to a "
+            "non-zero value such as 1ms or higher. (Custom C++ components "
+            "that need true run-every-loop behaviour should override loop() "
+            "with HighFrequencyLoopRequester instead.)"
+        )
+        return TimePeriodMilliseconds(milliseconds=1)
+    return result
 
 
 time_period = Any(time_period_str_unit, time_period_str_colon, time_period_dict)
@@ -1047,8 +1066,7 @@ def date_time(date: bool, time: bool):
         try:
             date_obj = datetime.strptime(value, format)
         except ValueError as err:
-            # pylint: disable=raise-missing-from
-            raise Invalid(f"Invalid {exc_message}: {err}")
+            raise Invalid(f"Invalid {exc_message}: {err}") from err
 
         return_value = {}
         if date:
@@ -1078,8 +1096,9 @@ def mac_address(value):
         try:
             parts_int.append(int(part, 16))
         except ValueError:
-            # pylint: disable=raise-missing-from
-            raise Invalid("MAC Address parts must be hexadecimal values from 00 to FF")
+            raise Invalid(
+                "MAC Address parts must be hexadecimal values from 00 to FF"
+            ) from None
 
     return core.MACAddress(*parts_int)
 
@@ -1096,8 +1115,7 @@ def bind_key(value, *, name="Bind key"):
         try:
             parts_int.append(int(part, 16))
         except ValueError:
-            # pylint: disable=raise-missing-from
-            raise Invalid(f"{name} must be hex values from 00 to FF")
+            raise Invalid(f"{name} must be hex values from 00 to FF") from None
 
     return "".join(f"{part:02X}" for part in parts_int)
 
@@ -1425,8 +1443,7 @@ def mqtt_qos(value):
     try:
         value = int(value)
     except (TypeError, ValueError):
-        # pylint: disable=raise-missing-from
-        raise Invalid(f"MQTT Quality of Service must be integer, got {value}")
+        raise Invalid(f"MQTT Quality of Service must be integer, got {value}") from None
     return one_of(0, 1, 2)(value)
 
 
@@ -1518,8 +1535,7 @@ def _parse_percentage(value: object) -> float:
             else:
                 value = float(value)
         except ValueError:
-            # pylint: disable=raise-missing-from
-            raise Invalid("invalid number")
+            raise Invalid("invalid number") from None
     try:
         if not has_percent_sign and (value > 1 or value < -1):
             raise Invalid(
@@ -1527,9 +1543,7 @@ def _parse_percentage(value: object) -> float:
                 "outside -1.0 to 1.0. Please put a percent sign after the number!"
             )
     except TypeError:
-        raise Invalid(  # pylint: disable=raise-missing-from
-            "Expected percentage or float"
-        )
+        raise Invalid("Expected percentage or float") from None
     return float(value)
 
 
@@ -1702,8 +1716,7 @@ def dimensions(value):
         try:
             width, height = int(value[0]), int(value[1])
         except ValueError:
-            # pylint: disable=raise-missing-from
-            raise Invalid("Width and height dimensions must be integers")
+            raise Invalid("Width and height dimensions must be integers") from None
         if width <= 0 or height <= 0:
             raise Invalid("Width and height must at least be 1")
         return [width, height]
diff --git a/esphome/core/alloc_helpers.cpp b/esphome/core/alloc_helpers.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..11c7abe3f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/core/alloc_helpers.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+#include "esphome/core/alloc_helpers.h"
+
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <cstdarg>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace esphome {
+
+// --- String helpers ---
+
+std::string str_truncate(const std::string &str, size_t length) {
+  return str.length() > length ? str.substr(0, length) : str;
+}
+
+std::string str_until(const char *str, char ch) {
+  const char *pos = strchr(str, ch);
+  return pos == nullptr ? std::string(str) : std::string(str, pos - str);
+}
+std::string str_until(const std::string &str, char ch) { return str.substr(0, str.find(ch)); }
+
+// wrapper around std::transform to run safely on functions from the ctype.h header
+// see https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/byte/toupper#Notes
+template<int (*fn)(int)> std::string str_ctype_transform(const std::string &str) {
+  std::string result;
+  result.resize(str.length());
+  std::transform(str.begin(), str.end(), result.begin(), [](unsigned char ch) { return fn(ch); });
+  return result;
+}
+std::string str_lower_case(const std::string &str) { return str_ctype_transform<std::tolower>(str); }
+
+std::string str_upper_case(const std::string &str) {
+  std::string result;
+  result.resize(str.length());
+  std::transform(str.begin(), str.end(), result.begin(), [](unsigned char ch) { return std::toupper(ch); });
+  return result;
+}
+
+std::string str_snake_case(const std::string &str) {
+  std::string result = str;
+  for (char &c : result) {
+    c = to_snake_case_char(c);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+std::string str_sanitize(const std::string &str) {
+  std::string result;
+  result.resize(str.size());
+  str_sanitize_to(&result[0], str.size() + 1, str.c_str());
+  return result;
+}
+
+std::string str_snprintf(const char *fmt, size_t len, ...) {
+  std::string str;
+  va_list args;
+
+  str.resize(len);
+  va_start(args, len);
+  size_t out_length = vsnprintf(&str[0], len + 1, fmt, args);
+  va_end(args);
+
+  if (out_length < len)
+    str.resize(out_length);
+
+  return str;
+}
+
+std::string str_sprintf(const char *fmt, ...) {
+  std::string str;
+  va_list args;
+
+  va_start(args, fmt);
+  size_t length = vsnprintf(nullptr, 0, fmt, args);
+  va_end(args);
+
+  str.resize(length);
+  va_start(args, fmt);
+  vsnprintf(&str[0], length + 1, fmt, args);
+  va_end(args);
+
+  return str;
+}
+
+// --- Value formatting helpers ---
+
+std::string value_accuracy_to_string(float value, int8_t accuracy_decimals) {
+  char buf[VALUE_ACCURACY_MAX_LEN];
+  value_accuracy_to_buf(buf, value, accuracy_decimals);
+  return std::string(buf);
+}
+
+// --- Base64 helpers ---
+
+static constexpr const char *BASE64_CHARS = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
+                                            "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+                                            "0123456789+/";
+
+// Encode 3 input bytes to 4 base64 characters, append 'count' to ret.
+static inline void base64_encode_triple(const char *char_array_3, int count, std::string &ret) {
+  char char_array_4[4];
+  char_array_4[0] = (char_array_3[0] & 0xfc) >> 2;
+  char_array_4[1] = ((char_array_3[0] & 0x03) << 4) + ((char_array_3[1] & 0xf0) >> 4);
+  char_array_4[2] = ((char_array_3[1] & 0x0f) << 2) + ((char_array_3[2] & 0xc0) >> 6);
+  char_array_4[3] = char_array_3[2] & 0x3f;
+
+  for (int j = 0; j < count; j++)
+    ret += BASE64_CHARS[static_cast<uint8_t>(char_array_4[j])];
+}
+
+std::string base64_encode(const std::vector<uint8_t> &buf) { return base64_encode(buf.data(), buf.size()); }
+
+std::string base64_encode(const uint8_t *buf, size_t buf_len) {
+  std::string ret;
+  int i = 0;
+  char char_array_3[3];
+
+  while (buf_len--) {
+    char_array_3[i++] = *(buf++);
+    if (i == 3) {
+      base64_encode_triple(char_array_3, 4, ret);
+      i = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (i) {
+    for (int j = i; j < 3; j++)
+      char_array_3[j] = '\0';
+
+    base64_encode_triple(char_array_3, i + 1, ret);
+
+    while ((i++ < 3))
+      ret += '=';
+  }
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+std::vector<uint8_t> base64_decode(const std::string &encoded_string) {
+  // Calculate maximum decoded size: every 4 base64 chars = 3 bytes
+  size_t max_len = ((encoded_string.size() + 3) / 4) * 3;
+  std::vector<uint8_t> ret(max_len);
+  size_t actual_len = base64_decode(encoded_string, ret.data(), max_len);
+  ret.resize(actual_len);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+// --- Hex/binary formatting helpers ---
+
+std::string format_mac_address_pretty(const uint8_t *mac) {
+  char buf[18];
+  format_mac_addr_upper(mac, buf);
+  return std::string(buf);
+}
+
+std::string format_hex(const uint8_t *data, size_t length) {
+  std::string ret;
+  ret.resize(length * 2);
+  format_hex_to(&ret[0], length * 2 + 1, data, length);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+std::string format_hex(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) { return format_hex(data.data(), data.size()); }
+
+// Shared implementation for uint8_t and string hex pretty formatting
+static std::string format_hex_pretty_uint8(const uint8_t *data, size_t length, char separator, bool show_length) {
+  if (data == nullptr || length == 0)
+    return "";
+  std::string ret;
+  size_t hex_len = separator ? (length * 3 - 1) : (length * 2);
+  ret.resize(hex_len);
+  format_hex_pretty_to(&ret[0], hex_len + 1, data, length, separator);
+  if (show_length && length > 4)
+    return ret + " (" + std::to_string(length) + ")";
+  return ret;
+}
+
+std::string format_hex_pretty(const uint8_t *data, size_t length, char separator, bool show_length) {
+  return format_hex_pretty_uint8(data, length, separator, show_length);
+}
+std::string format_hex_pretty(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, char separator, bool show_length) {
+  return format_hex_pretty(data.data(), data.size(), separator, show_length);
+}
+
+std::string format_hex_pretty(const uint16_t *data, size_t length, char separator, bool show_length) {
+  if (data == nullptr || length == 0)
+    return "";
+  std::string ret;
+  size_t hex_len = separator ? (length * 5 - 1) : (length * 4);
+  ret.resize(hex_len);
+  format_hex_pretty_to(&ret[0], hex_len + 1, data, length, separator);
+  if (show_length && length > 4)
+    return ret + " (" + std::to_string(length) + ")";
+  return ret;
+}
+std::string format_hex_pretty(const std::vector<uint16_t> &data, char separator, bool show_length) {
+  return format_hex_pretty(data.data(), data.size(), separator, show_length);
+}
+std::string format_hex_pretty(const std::string &data, char separator, bool show_length) {
+  return format_hex_pretty_uint8(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(data.data()), data.length(), separator, show_length);
+}
+
+std::string format_bin(const uint8_t *data, size_t length) {
+  std::string result;
+  result.resize(length * 8);
+  format_bin_to(&result[0], length * 8 + 1, data, length);
+  return result;
+}
+
+// --- MAC address helpers ---
+
+std::string get_mac_address() {
+  uint8_t mac[6];
+  get_mac_address_raw(mac);
+  char buf[13];
+  format_mac_addr_lower_no_sep(mac, buf);
+  return std::string(buf);
+}
+
+std::string get_mac_address_pretty() {
+  char buf[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  return std::string(get_mac_address_pretty_into_buffer(buf));
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome
diff --git a/esphome/core/alloc_helpers.h b/esphome/core/alloc_helpers.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fe350886b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/core/alloc_helpers.h
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+#pragma once
+
+/// @file alloc_helpers.h
+/// @brief Heap-allocating helper functions.
+///
+/// These functions return std::string and allocate heap memory on every call.
+/// On long-running embedded devices, repeated heap allocations fragment memory
+/// over time, eventually causing crashes even with free memory available.
+///
+/// Prefer the stack-based alternatives documented on each function instead.
+/// New code should avoid using these functions.
+
+#include <cstdarg>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace esphome {
+
+// --- String helpers (allocating) ---
+
+/// Truncate a string to a specific length.
+/// @warning Allocates heap memory. Avoid in new code - causes heap fragmentation on long-running devices.
+std::string str_truncate(const std::string &str, size_t length);
+
+/// Extract the part of the string until either the first occurrence of the specified character, or the end
+/// (requires str to be null-terminated).
+/// @warning Allocates heap memory. Avoid in new code - causes heap fragmentation on long-running devices.
+std::string str_until(const char *str, char ch);
+/// Extract the part of the string until either the first occurrence of the specified character, or the end.
+/// @warning Allocates heap memory. Avoid in new code - causes heap fragmentation on long-running devices.
+std::string str_until(const std::string &str, char ch);
+
+/// Convert the string to lower case.
+/// @warning Allocates heap memory. Avoid in new code - causes heap fragmentation on long-running devices.
+std::string str_lower_case(const std::string &str);
+
+/// Convert the string to upper case.
+/// @warning Allocates heap memory. Avoid in new code - causes heap fragmentation on long-running devices.
+std::string str_upper_case(const std::string &str);
+
+/// Convert the string to snake case (lowercase with underscores).
+/// @warning Allocates heap memory. Avoid in new code - causes heap fragmentation on long-running devices.
+std::string str_snake_case(const std::string &str);
+
+/// Sanitizes the input string by removing all characters but alphanumerics, dashes and underscores.
+/// @warning Allocates heap memory. Use str_sanitize_to() with a stack buffer instead.
+std::string str_sanitize(const std::string &str);
+
+/// snprintf-like function returning std::string of maximum length \p len (excluding null terminator).
+/// @warning Allocates heap memory. Use snprintf() with a stack buffer instead.
+std::string __attribute__((format(printf, 1, 3))) str_snprintf(const char *fmt, size_t len, ...);
+
+/// sprintf-like function returning std::string.
+/// @warning Allocates heap memory. Use snprintf() with a stack buffer instead.
+std::string __attribute__((format(printf, 1, 2))) str_sprintf(const char *fmt, ...);
+
+// --- Hex/binary formatting helpers (allocating) ---
+
+/// Format the six-byte array \p mac into a MAC address string.
+/// @warning Allocates heap memory. Use format_mac_addr_upper() with a stack buffer instead.
+std::string format_mac_address_pretty(const uint8_t mac[6]);
+
+/// Format the byte array \p data of length \p len in lowercased hex.
+/// @warning Allocates heap memory. Use format_hex_to() with a stack buffer instead.
+std::string format_hex(const uint8_t *data, size_t length);
+
+/// Format the vector \p data in lowercased hex.
+/// @warning Allocates heap memory. Use format_hex_to() with a stack buffer instead.
+std::string format_hex(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data);
+
+/// Format a byte array in pretty-printed, human-readable hex format.
+/// @warning Allocates heap memory. Use format_hex_pretty_to() with a stack buffer instead.
+std::string format_hex_pretty(const uint8_t *data, size_t length, char separator = '.', bool show_length = true);
+
+/// Format a 16-bit word array in pretty-printed, human-readable hex format.
+/// @warning Allocates heap memory. Use format_hex_pretty_to() with a stack buffer instead.
+std::string format_hex_pretty(const uint16_t *data, size_t length, char separator = '.', bool show_length = true);
+
+/// Format a byte vector in pretty-printed, human-readable hex format.
+/// @warning Allocates heap memory. Use format_hex_pretty_to() with a stack buffer instead.
+std::string format_hex_pretty(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, char separator = '.', bool show_length = true);
+
+/// Format a 16-bit word vector in pretty-printed, human-readable hex format.
+/// @warning Allocates heap memory. Use format_hex_pretty_to() with a stack buffer instead.
+std::string format_hex_pretty(const std::vector<uint16_t> &data, char separator = '.', bool show_length = true);
+
+/// Format a string's bytes in pretty-printed, human-readable hex format.
+/// @warning Allocates heap memory. Use format_hex_pretty_to() with a stack buffer instead.
+std::string format_hex_pretty(const std::string &data, char separator = '.', bool show_length = true);
+
+/// Format the byte array \p data of length \p len in binary.
+/// @warning Allocates heap memory. Use format_bin_to() with a stack buffer instead.
+std::string format_bin(const uint8_t *data, size_t length);
+
+// --- Value formatting helpers (allocating) ---
+
+/// Format a float value with accuracy decimals to a string.
+/// @deprecated Allocates heap memory. Use value_accuracy_to_buf() instead. Removed in 2026.7.0.
+__attribute__((deprecated("Allocates heap memory. Use value_accuracy_to_buf() instead. Removed in 2026.7.0.")))
+std::string
+value_accuracy_to_string(float value, int8_t accuracy_decimals);
+
+// --- Base64 helpers (allocating) ---
+
+/// Encode a byte buffer to base64 string.
+/// @warning Allocates heap memory.
+std::string base64_encode(const uint8_t *buf, size_t buf_len);
+/// Encode a byte vector to base64 string.
+/// @warning Allocates heap memory.
+std::string base64_encode(const std::vector<uint8_t> &buf);
+
+/// Decode a base64 string to a byte vector.
+/// @warning Allocates heap memory. Use base64_decode(data, len, buf, buf_len) with a pre-allocated buffer instead.
+std::vector<uint8_t> base64_decode(const std::string &encoded_string);
+
+// --- MAC address helpers (allocating) ---
+
+/// Get the device MAC address as a string, in lowercase hex notation.
+/// @warning Allocates heap memory. Use get_mac_address_into_buffer() instead.
+std::string get_mac_address();
+
+/// Get the device MAC address as a string, in colon-separated uppercase hex notation.
+/// @warning Allocates heap memory. Use get_mac_address_pretty_into_buffer() instead.
+std::string get_mac_address_pretty();
+
+}  // namespace esphome
diff --git a/esphome/core/application.cpp b/esphome/core/application.cpp
index 1c73230705..ea1912d645 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/application.cpp
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ void Application::setup() {
     Component *component = this->components_[i];
 
     // Update loop_component_start_time_ before calling each component during setup
-    this->loop_component_start_time_ = millis();
+    this->loop_component_start_time_ = MillisInternal::get();
     component->call();
     this->scheduler.process_to_add();
     this->feed_wdt();
@@ -91,19 +91,20 @@ void Application::setup() {
     this->app_state_ |= STATUS_LED_WARNING;
 
     do {
-      uint32_t now = millis();
-
-      // Process pending loop enables to handle GPIO interrupts during setup
-      this->before_loop_tasks_(now);
+      // Service scheduler and process pending loop enables to handle GPIO
+      // interrupts during setup. During setup we always run the component
+      // phase (no loop_interval_ gate), so call both helpers unconditionally.
+      this->scheduler_tick_(MillisInternal::get());
+      this->before_component_phase_();
 
       for (uint32_t j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
         // Update loop_component_start_time_ right before calling each component
-        this->loop_component_start_time_ = millis();
+        this->loop_component_start_time_ = MillisInternal::get();
         this->components_[j]->call();
         this->feed_wdt();
       }
 
-      this->after_loop_tasks_();
+      this->after_component_phase_();
       yield();
     } while (!component->can_proceed() && !component->is_failed());
   }
@@ -211,11 +212,16 @@ void Application::process_dump_config_() {
 
 void Application::feed_wdt() {
   // Cold entry: callers without a millis() timestamp in hand. Fetches the
-  // time and takes the same rate-limit path as feed_wdt_with_time().
-  uint32_t now = millis();
+  // time and takes the same rate-limit paths as feed_wdt_with_time().
+  uint32_t now = MillisInternal::get();
   if (now - this->last_wdt_feed_ > WDT_FEED_INTERVAL_MS) {
     this->feed_wdt_slow_(now);
   }
+#ifdef USE_STATUS_LED
+  if (now - this->last_status_led_service_ > STATUS_LED_DISPATCH_INTERVAL_MS) {
+    this->service_status_led_slow_(now);
+  }
+#endif
 }
 
 void HOT Application::feed_wdt_slow_(uint32_t time) {
@@ -223,13 +229,36 @@ void HOT Application::feed_wdt_slow_(uint32_t time) {
   // confirmed the WDT_FEED_INTERVAL_MS rate limit was exceeded.
   arch_feed_wdt();
   this->last_wdt_feed_ = time;
-#ifdef USE_STATUS_LED
-  if (status_led::global_status_led != nullptr) {
-    status_led::global_status_led->call();
-  }
-#endif
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_STATUS_LED
+void HOT Application::service_status_led_slow_(uint32_t time) {
+  // Callers (feed_wdt(), feed_wdt_with_time()) have already confirmed the
+  // STATUS_LED_DISPATCH_INTERVAL_MS rate limit was exceeded. Rate-limited
+  // separately from arch_feed_wdt() so the LED blink pattern stays readable
+  // (status_led error blink period is 250 ms) while HAL watchdog pokes can
+  // still run at the much coarser WDT_FEED_INTERVAL_MS cadence.
+  this->last_status_led_service_ = time;
+  if (status_led::global_status_led == nullptr)
+    return;
+  auto *sl = status_led::global_status_led;
+  uint8_t sl_state = sl->get_component_state() & COMPONENT_STATE_MASK;
+  if (sl_state == COMPONENT_STATE_LOOP_DONE) {
+    // status_led only transitions to LOOP_DONE from inside its own loop() (after the
+    // first idle-path dispatch), so its pin is already initialized by pre_setup() and
+    // its setup() has already run. Re-dispatch only if an error or warning bit has been
+    // set since; otherwise skip entirely.
+    if ((this->app_state_ & STATUS_LED_MASK) == 0)
+      return;
+    sl->enable_loop();
+  } else if (sl_state != COMPONENT_STATE_LOOP) {
+    // CONSTRUCTION/SETUP/FAILED: not our job — App::setup() drives the lifecycle.
+    return;
+  }
+  sl->loop();
+}
+#endif
+
 bool Application::any_component_has_status_flag_(uint8_t flag) const {
   // Walk all components (not just looping ones) so non-looping components'
   // status bits are respected. Only called from the slow-path clear helpers
@@ -274,7 +303,7 @@ void Application::run_powerdown_hooks() {
 }
 
 void Application::teardown_components(uint32_t timeout_ms) {
-  uint32_t start_time = millis();
+  uint32_t start_time = MillisInternal::get();
 
   // Use a StaticVector instead of std::vector to avoid heap allocation
   // since we know the actual size at compile time
@@ -353,7 +382,7 @@ void Application::teardown_components(uint32_t timeout_ms) {
     }
 
     // Update time for next iteration
-    now = millis();
+    now = MillisInternal::get();
   }
 
   if (pending_count > 0) {
@@ -396,7 +425,7 @@ void Application::disable_component_loop_(Component *component) {
           // This prevents integer underflow in timing calculations by ensuring
           // the swapped component starts with a fresh timing reference, avoiding
           // errors caused by stale or wrapped timing values.
-          this->loop_component_start_time_ = millis();
+          this->loop_component_start_time_ = MillisInternal::get();
         }
       }
       return;
@@ -481,32 +510,7 @@ void Application::enable_pending_loops_() {
   }
 }
 
-#ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
-bool Application::register_socket(struct lwip_sock *sock) {
-  // It modifies monitored_sockets_ without locking — must only be called from the main loop.
-  if (sock == nullptr)
-    return false;
-  esphome_lwip_hook_socket(sock);
-  this->monitored_sockets_.push_back(sock);
-  return true;
-}
-
-void Application::unregister_socket(struct lwip_sock *sock) {
-  // It modifies monitored_sockets_ without locking — must only be called from the main loop.
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < this->monitored_sockets_.size(); i++) {
-    if (this->monitored_sockets_[i] != sock)
-      continue;
-
-    // Swap with last element and pop - O(1) removal since order doesn't matter.
-    // No need to unhook the netconn callback — all LwIP sockets share the same
-    // static event_callback, and the socket will be closed by the caller.
-    if (i < this->monitored_sockets_.size() - 1)
-      this->monitored_sockets_[i] = this->monitored_sockets_.back();
-    this->monitored_sockets_.pop_back();
-    return;
-  }
-}
-#elif defined(USE_HOST)
+#ifdef USE_HOST
 bool Application::register_socket_fd(int fd) {
   // WARNING: This function is NOT thread-safe and must only be called from the main loop
   // It modifies socket_fds_ and related variables without locking
diff --git a/esphome/core/application.h b/esphome/core/application.h
index 60087d527d..b480e52b2d 100644
--- a/esphome/core/application.h
+++ b/esphome/core/application.h
@@ -39,78 +39,7 @@
 #include "esphome/components/runtime_stats/runtime_stats.h"
 #endif
 #include "esphome/core/wake.h"
-#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
-#include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_SENSOR
-#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_SWITCH
-#include "esphome/components/switch/switch.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_BUTTON
-#include "esphome/components/button/button.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
-#include "esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_FAN
-#include "esphome/components/fan/fan.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_CLIMATE
-#include "esphome/components/climate/climate.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_LIGHT
-#include "esphome/components/light/light_state.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_COVER
-#include "esphome/components/cover/cover.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_NUMBER
-#include "esphome/components/number/number.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATE
-#include "esphome/components/datetime/date_entity.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_TIME
-#include "esphome/components/datetime/time_entity.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATETIME
-#include "esphome/components/datetime/datetime_entity.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_TEXT
-#include "esphome/components/text/text.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_SELECT
-#include "esphome/components/select/select.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_LOCK
-#include "esphome/components/lock/lock.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_VALVE
-#include "esphome/components/valve/valve.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
-#include "esphome/components/media_player/media_player.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL
-#include "esphome/components/alarm_control_panel/alarm_control_panel.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_WATER_HEATER
-#include "esphome/components/water_heater/water_heater.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_INFRARED
-#include "esphome/components/infrared/infrared.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
-#include "esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_EVENT
-#include "esphome/components/event/event.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_UPDATE
-#include "esphome/components/update/update_entity.h"
-#endif
+#include "esphome/core/entity_includes.h"
 
 namespace esphome::socket {
 #ifdef USE_HOST
@@ -153,11 +82,9 @@ class Application {
   void pre_setup(char *name, size_t name_len, char *friendly_name, size_t friendly_name_len) {
     arch_init();
     this->name_add_mac_suffix_ = true;
-    // MAC address length: 12 hex chars + null terminator
-    constexpr size_t mac_address_len = 13;
     // MAC address suffix length (last 6 characters of 12-char MAC address string)
     constexpr size_t mac_address_suffix_len = 6;
-    char mac_addr[mac_address_len];
+    char mac_addr[MAC_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
     get_mac_address_into_buffer(mac_addr);
     // Overwrite the placeholder suffix in the mutable static buffers with actual MAC
     // name is always non-empty (validated by validate_hostname in Python config)
@@ -190,93 +117,16 @@ class Application {
   void set_current_component(Component *component) { this->current_component_ = component; }
   Component *get_current_component() { return this->current_component_; }
 
-#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
-  void register_binary_sensor(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *binary_sensor) {
-    this->binary_sensors_.push_back(binary_sensor);
-  }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_SENSOR
-  void register_sensor(sensor::Sensor *sensor) { this->sensors_.push_back(sensor); }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_SWITCH
-  void register_switch(switch_::Switch *a_switch) { this->switches_.push_back(a_switch); }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_BUTTON
-  void register_button(button::Button *button) { this->buttons_.push_back(button); }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
-  void register_text_sensor(text_sensor::TextSensor *sensor) { this->text_sensors_.push_back(sensor); }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_FAN
-  void register_fan(fan::Fan *state) { this->fans_.push_back(state); }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_COVER
-  void register_cover(cover::Cover *cover) { this->covers_.push_back(cover); }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_CLIMATE
-  void register_climate(climate::Climate *climate) { this->climates_.push_back(climate); }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_LIGHT
-  void register_light(light::LightState *light) { this->lights_.push_back(light); }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_NUMBER
-  void register_number(number::Number *number) { this->numbers_.push_back(number); }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATE
-  void register_date(datetime::DateEntity *date) { this->dates_.push_back(date); }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_TIME
-  void register_time(datetime::TimeEntity *time) { this->times_.push_back(time); }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATETIME
-  void register_datetime(datetime::DateTimeEntity *datetime) { this->datetimes_.push_back(datetime); }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_TEXT
-  void register_text(text::Text *text) { this->texts_.push_back(text); }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_SELECT
-  void register_select(select::Select *select) { this->selects_.push_back(select); }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_LOCK
-  void register_lock(lock::Lock *a_lock) { this->locks_.push_back(a_lock); }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_VALVE
-  void register_valve(valve::Valve *valve) { this->valves_.push_back(valve); }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
-  void register_media_player(media_player::MediaPlayer *media_player) { this->media_players_.push_back(media_player); }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL
-  void register_alarm_control_panel(alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanel *a_alarm_control_panel) {
-    this->alarm_control_panels_.push_back(a_alarm_control_panel);
-  }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_WATER_HEATER
-  void register_water_heater(water_heater::WaterHeater *water_heater) { this->water_heaters_.push_back(water_heater); }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_INFRARED
-  void register_infrared(infrared::Infrared *infrared) { this->infrareds_.push_back(infrared); }
-#endif
+// Entity register methods (generated from entity_types.h)
+// NOLINTBEGIN(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
+#define ENTITY_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper) \
+  void register_##singular(type *obj) { this->plural##_.push_back(obj); }
+#define ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper, callback) \
+  ENTITY_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper)
+#include "esphome/core/entity_types.h"
+#undef ENTITY_TYPE_
+#undef ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_
+  // NOLINTEND(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
 
 #ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
   void register_serial_proxy(serial_proxy::SerialProxy *proxy) {
@@ -285,14 +135,6 @@ class Application {
   }
 #endif
 
-#ifdef USE_EVENT
-  void register_event(event::Event *event) { this->events_.push_back(event); }
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_UPDATE
-  void register_update(update::UpdateEntity *update) { this->updates_.push_back(update); }
-#endif
-
   /// Reserve space for components to avoid memory fragmentation
 
   /// Set up all the registered components. Call this at the end of your setup() function.
@@ -385,23 +227,50 @@ class Application {
 
   void schedule_dump_config() { this->dump_config_at_ = 0; }
 
-  /// Minimum interval between real arch_feed_wdt() calls. Chosen to keep the
-  /// rate of HAL pokes low while still being small enough that any plausible
-  /// watchdog timeout (seconds) has orders of magnitude of safety margin.
-  static constexpr uint32_t WDT_FEED_INTERVAL_MS = 3;
+  /// Minimum interval between real arch_feed_wdt() calls. Sized so the outer
+  /// feed in Application::loop() is effectively rate-limited across both the
+  /// normal ~62 Hz cadence and worst-case wake-storm scenarios (e.g. external
+  /// stacks like OpenThread posting frequent wake notifications). Component
+  /// loops and scheduler items still feed after every op, so any op exceeding
+  /// this threshold triggers a real feed naturally.
+  /// Safety margins vs. platform watchdog timeouts:
+  ///   - ESP32 task WDT default (5 s): ~16x
+  ///   - ESP8266 soft WDT (~1.6 s):    ~5x  <-- floor case; any future change
+  ///                                             must keep comfortable margin here
+  ///   - ESP8266 HW WDT (~6 s):        ~20x
+  static constexpr uint32_t WDT_FEED_INTERVAL_MS = 300;
 
   /// Feed the task watchdog. Cold entry — callers without a millis()
   /// timestamp in hand. Out of line to keep call sites tiny.
   void feed_wdt();
 
+#ifdef USE_STATUS_LED
+  /// Dispatch interval for the status LED update. Deliberately shorter than
+  /// WDT_FEED_INTERVAL_MS because the status LED error blink has a 250 ms
+  /// period (status_led.cpp:ERROR_PERIOD_MS) and a 150 ms on-window; the
+  /// dispatch cadence must be short enough to render that blink without
+  /// aliasing. Sampling every 100 ms yields an on/off observation inside
+  /// every error period with headroom for the 250 ms warning on-window.
+  static constexpr uint32_t STATUS_LED_DISPATCH_INTERVAL_MS = 100;
+#endif
+
   /// Feed the task watchdog, hot entry. Callers that already have a
   /// millis() timestamp pay only a load + sub + branch on the common
-  /// (no-op) path. The actual arch feed + status LED update live in
-  /// feed_wdt_slow_.
+  /// (no-op) path. The actual arch feed lives in feed_wdt_slow_.
+  /// When USE_STATUS_LED is compiled in, also gates a separate (shorter)
+  /// interval for dispatching status_led so the LED blink pattern stays
+  /// readable even though arch_feed_wdt pokes are now rate-limited at
+  /// WDT_FEED_INTERVAL_MS. The two rate limits are independent so raising
+  /// WDT_FEED_INTERVAL_MS does not distort the LED cadence.
   void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE feed_wdt_with_time(uint32_t time) {
     if (static_cast<uint32_t>(time - this->last_wdt_feed_) > WDT_FEED_INTERVAL_MS) [[unlikely]] {
       this->feed_wdt_slow_(time);
     }
+#ifdef USE_STATUS_LED
+    if (static_cast<uint32_t>(time - this->last_status_led_service_) > STATUS_LED_DISPATCH_INTERVAL_MS) [[unlikely]] {
+      this->service_status_led_slow_(time);
+    }
+#endif
   }
 
   void reboot();
@@ -456,120 +325,31 @@ class Application {
 #ifdef USE_AREAS
   const auto &get_areas() { return this->areas_; }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
-  auto &get_binary_sensors() const { return this->binary_sensors_; }
-  GET_ENTITY_METHOD(binary_sensor::BinarySensor, binary_sensor, binary_sensors)
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_SWITCH
-  auto &get_switches() const { return this->switches_; }
-  GET_ENTITY_METHOD(switch_::Switch, switch, switches)
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_BUTTON
-  auto &get_buttons() const { return this->buttons_; }
-  GET_ENTITY_METHOD(button::Button, button, buttons)
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_SENSOR
-  auto &get_sensors() const { return this->sensors_; }
-  GET_ENTITY_METHOD(sensor::Sensor, sensor, sensors)
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
-  auto &get_text_sensors() const { return this->text_sensors_; }
-  GET_ENTITY_METHOD(text_sensor::TextSensor, text_sensor, text_sensors)
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_FAN
-  auto &get_fans() const { return this->fans_; }
-  GET_ENTITY_METHOD(fan::Fan, fan, fans)
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_COVER
-  auto &get_covers() const { return this->covers_; }
-  GET_ENTITY_METHOD(cover::Cover, cover, covers)
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_LIGHT
-  auto &get_lights() const { return this->lights_; }
-  GET_ENTITY_METHOD(light::LightState, light, lights)
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_CLIMATE
-  auto &get_climates() const { return this->climates_; }
-  GET_ENTITY_METHOD(climate::Climate, climate, climates)
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_NUMBER
-  auto &get_numbers() const { return this->numbers_; }
-  GET_ENTITY_METHOD(number::Number, number, numbers)
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATE
-  auto &get_dates() const { return this->dates_; }
-  GET_ENTITY_METHOD(datetime::DateEntity, date, dates)
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_TIME
-  auto &get_times() const { return this->times_; }
-  GET_ENTITY_METHOD(datetime::TimeEntity, time, times)
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATETIME
-  auto &get_datetimes() const { return this->datetimes_; }
-  GET_ENTITY_METHOD(datetime::DateTimeEntity, datetime, datetimes)
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_TEXT
-  auto &get_texts() const { return this->texts_; }
-  GET_ENTITY_METHOD(text::Text, text, texts)
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_SELECT
-  auto &get_selects() const { return this->selects_; }
-  GET_ENTITY_METHOD(select::Select, select, selects)
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_LOCK
-  auto &get_locks() const { return this->locks_; }
-  GET_ENTITY_METHOD(lock::Lock, lock, locks)
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_VALVE
-  auto &get_valves() const { return this->valves_; }
-  GET_ENTITY_METHOD(valve::Valve, valve, valves)
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
-  auto &get_media_players() const { return this->media_players_; }
-  GET_ENTITY_METHOD(media_player::MediaPlayer, media_player, media_players)
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL
-  auto &get_alarm_control_panels() const { return this->alarm_control_panels_; }
-  GET_ENTITY_METHOD(alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanel, alarm_control_panel, alarm_control_panels)
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_WATER_HEATER
-  auto &get_water_heaters() const { return this->water_heaters_; }
-  GET_ENTITY_METHOD(water_heater::WaterHeater, water_heater, water_heaters)
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_INFRARED
-  auto &get_infrareds() const { return this->infrareds_; }
-  GET_ENTITY_METHOD(infrared::Infrared, infrared, infrareds)
-#endif
+// Entity getter methods (generated from entity_types.h)
+// NOLINTBEGIN(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
+#define ENTITY_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper) \
+  auto &get_##plural() const { return this->plural##_; } \
+  GET_ENTITY_METHOD(type, singular, plural)
+#define ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper, callback) \
+  ENTITY_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper)
+#include "esphome/core/entity_types.h"
+#undef ENTITY_TYPE_
+#undef ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_
+  // NOLINTEND(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
 
 #ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
   auto &get_serial_proxies() const { return this->serial_proxies_; }
 #endif
 
-#ifdef USE_EVENT
-  auto &get_events() const { return this->events_; }
-  GET_ENTITY_METHOD(event::Event, event, events)
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_UPDATE
-  auto &get_updates() const { return this->updates_; }
-  GET_ENTITY_METHOD(update::UpdateEntity, update, updates)
-#endif
-
   Scheduler scheduler;
 
-  /// Register/unregister a socket to be monitored for read events.
-  /// WARNING: These functions are NOT thread-safe. They must only be called from the main loop.
-#ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
-  /// Fast select path: hooks netconn callback and registers for monitoring.
-  /// @return true if registration was successful, false if sock is null
-  bool register_socket(struct lwip_sock *sock);
-  void unregister_socket(struct lwip_sock *sock);
-#elif defined(USE_HOST)
-  /// Fallback select() path: monitors file descriptors.
+#ifdef USE_HOST
+  /// Register/unregister a socket file descriptor with the host select() fallback loop.
+  /// USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT builds do not use this API — sockets hook the lwIP netconn
+  /// event_callback directly (see socket.h hook_fd_for_fast_select) and rely on FreeRTOS
+  /// task notifications for wake-up.
   /// NOTE: File descriptors >= FD_SETSIZE (typically 10 on ESP) will be rejected with an error.
+  /// WARNING: These functions are NOT thread-safe. They must only be called from the main loop.
   /// @return true if registration was successful, false if fd exceeds limits
   bool register_socket_fd(int fd);
   void unregister_socket_fd(int fd);
@@ -579,9 +359,12 @@ class Application {
   /// @see esphome::wake_loop_threadsafe() in wake.h for platform details.
   void wake_loop_threadsafe() { esphome::wake_loop_threadsafe(); }
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-  /// Wake from ISR (ESP32 only).
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
+  /// Wake from ISR (ESP32 and LibreTiny).
   static void IRAM_ATTR wake_loop_isrsafe(BaseType_t *px) { esphome::wake_loop_isrsafe(px); }
+#elif defined(USE_ESP8266)
+  /// Wake from ISR (ESP8266). No task_woken arg — no FreeRTOS. Caller must be IRAM_ATTR.
+  static void IRAM_ATTR ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE wake_loop_isrsafe() { esphome::wake_loop_isrsafe(); }
 #endif
 
   /// Wake from any context (ISR, thread, callback).
@@ -641,19 +424,30 @@ class Application {
   void enable_component_loop_(Component *component);
   void enable_pending_loops_();
   void activate_looping_component_(uint16_t index);
-  inline void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE before_loop_tasks_(uint32_t loop_start_time);
-  inline void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE after_loop_tasks_() { this->in_loop_ = false; }
+  inline uint32_t ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE scheduler_tick_(uint32_t now);
+  inline void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE before_component_phase_();
+  inline void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE after_component_phase_() { this->in_loop_ = false; }
 
   /// Process dump_config output one component per loop iteration.
   /// Extracted from loop() to keep cold startup/reconnect logging out of the hot path.
   /// Caller must ensure dump_config_at_ < components_.size().
   void __attribute__((noinline)) process_dump_config_();
 
-  /// Slow path for feed_wdt(): actually calls arch_feed_wdt(), updates
-  /// last_wdt_feed_, and re-dispatches the status LED. Out of line so the
-  /// inline wrapper stays tiny.
+  /// Slow path for feed_wdt(): actually calls arch_feed_wdt() and updates
+  /// last_wdt_feed_. Out of line so the inline wrapper stays tiny. Does NOT
+  /// touch status_led — that's gated separately via service_status_led_slow_
+  /// because the two rate limits have very different safe ranges (~ seconds
+  /// for WDT, < 250 ms for LED blink rendering).
   void feed_wdt_slow_(uint32_t time);
 
+#ifdef USE_STATUS_LED
+  /// Slow path for the status_led dispatch rate limit. Runs the status_led
+  /// component's loop() based on its state (LOOP / LOOP_DONE with status
+  /// bits set), and updates last_status_led_service_. Out of line to keep
+  /// the feed_wdt_with_time hot path a couple of load+branch sequences.
+  void service_status_led_slow_(uint32_t time);
+#endif
+
   /// Perform a delay while also monitoring socket file descriptors for readiness
 #ifdef USE_HOST
   // select() fallback path is too complex to inline (host platform)
@@ -690,9 +484,7 @@ class Application {
   //   and active_end_ is incremented
   // - This eliminates branch mispredictions from flag checking in the hot loop
   FixedVector<Component *> looping_components_{};
-#ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
-  std::vector<struct lwip_sock *> monitored_sockets_;  // Cached lwip_sock pointers for direct rcvevent read
-#elif defined(USE_HOST)
+#ifdef USE_HOST
   std::vector<int> socket_fds_;  // Vector of all monitored socket file descriptors
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_HOST
@@ -707,6 +499,10 @@ class Application {
   uint32_t last_loop_{0};
   uint32_t loop_component_start_time_{0};
   uint32_t last_wdt_feed_{0};  // millis() of most recent arch_feed_wdt(); rate-limits feed_wdt() hot path
+#ifdef USE_STATUS_LED
+  // millis() of most recent status_led dispatch; rate-limits independently of last_wdt_feed_
+  uint32_t last_status_led_service_{0};
+#endif
 
 #ifdef USE_HOST
   int max_fd_{-1};  // Highest file descriptor number for select()
@@ -743,79 +539,19 @@ class Application {
 #ifdef USE_AREAS
   StaticVector<Area *, ESPHOME_AREA_COUNT> areas_{};
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
-  StaticVector<binary_sensor::BinarySensor *, ESPHOME_ENTITY_BINARY_SENSOR_COUNT> binary_sensors_{};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_SWITCH
-  StaticVector<switch_::Switch *, ESPHOME_ENTITY_SWITCH_COUNT> switches_{};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_BUTTON
-  StaticVector<button::Button *, ESPHOME_ENTITY_BUTTON_COUNT> buttons_{};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_EVENT
-  StaticVector<event::Event *, ESPHOME_ENTITY_EVENT_COUNT> events_{};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_SENSOR
-  StaticVector<sensor::Sensor *, ESPHOME_ENTITY_SENSOR_COUNT> sensors_{};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
-  StaticVector<text_sensor::TextSensor *, ESPHOME_ENTITY_TEXT_SENSOR_COUNT> text_sensors_{};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_FAN
-  StaticVector<fan::Fan *, ESPHOME_ENTITY_FAN_COUNT> fans_{};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_COVER
-  StaticVector<cover::Cover *, ESPHOME_ENTITY_COVER_COUNT> covers_{};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_CLIMATE
-  StaticVector<climate::Climate *, ESPHOME_ENTITY_CLIMATE_COUNT> climates_{};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_LIGHT
-  StaticVector<light::LightState *, ESPHOME_ENTITY_LIGHT_COUNT> lights_{};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_NUMBER
-  StaticVector<number::Number *, ESPHOME_ENTITY_NUMBER_COUNT> numbers_{};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATE
-  StaticVector<datetime::DateEntity *, ESPHOME_ENTITY_DATE_COUNT> dates_{};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_TIME
-  StaticVector<datetime::TimeEntity *, ESPHOME_ENTITY_TIME_COUNT> times_{};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATETIME
-  StaticVector<datetime::DateTimeEntity *, ESPHOME_ENTITY_DATETIME_COUNT> datetimes_{};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_SELECT
-  StaticVector<select::Select *, ESPHOME_ENTITY_SELECT_COUNT> selects_{};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_TEXT
-  StaticVector<text::Text *, ESPHOME_ENTITY_TEXT_COUNT> texts_{};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_LOCK
-  StaticVector<lock::Lock *, ESPHOME_ENTITY_LOCK_COUNT> locks_{};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_VALVE
-  StaticVector<valve::Valve *, ESPHOME_ENTITY_VALVE_COUNT> valves_{};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
-  StaticVector<media_player::MediaPlayer *, ESPHOME_ENTITY_MEDIA_PLAYER_COUNT> media_players_{};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL
-  StaticVector<alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanel *, ESPHOME_ENTITY_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_COUNT>
-      alarm_control_panels_{};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_WATER_HEATER
-  StaticVector<water_heater::WaterHeater *, ESPHOME_ENTITY_WATER_HEATER_COUNT> water_heaters_{};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_INFRARED
-  StaticVector<infrared::Infrared *, ESPHOME_ENTITY_INFRARED_COUNT> infrareds_{};
-#endif
+// Entity StaticVector fields (generated from entity_types.h)
+// NOLINTBEGIN(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
+#define ENTITY_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper) StaticVector<type *, count> plural##_{};
+#define ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper, callback) \
+  ENTITY_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper)
+#include "esphome/core/entity_types.h"
+#undef ENTITY_TYPE_
+#undef ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_
+  // NOLINTEND(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
+
 #ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
   StaticVector<serial_proxy::SerialProxy *, SERIAL_PROXY_COUNT> serial_proxies_{};
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_UPDATE
-  StaticVector<update::UpdateEntity *, ESPHOME_ENTITY_UPDATE_COUNT> updates_{};
-#endif
 };
 
 /// Global storage of Application pointer - only one Application can exist.
@@ -845,19 +581,25 @@ inline void Application::drain_wake_notifications_() {
 }
 #endif  // USE_HOST
 
-inline void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE Application::before_loop_tasks_(uint32_t loop_start_time) {
+// Phase A: drain wake notifications and run the scheduler. Invoked on every
+// Application::loop() tick regardless of whether a component phase runs, so
+// scheduler items fire at their requested cadence even when the caller has
+// raised loop_interval_ for power savings (see Application::loop()).
+// Returns the timestamp of the last scheduler item that ran (or `now`
+// unchanged if none ran), so the caller's WDT feed stays monotonic with the
+// per-item feeds inside scheduler.call() without an extra millis().
+inline uint32_t ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE Application::scheduler_tick_(uint32_t now) {
 #ifdef USE_HOST
   // Drain wake notifications first to clear socket for next wake
   this->drain_wake_notifications_();
 #endif
+  return this->scheduler.call(now);
+}
 
-  // Process scheduled tasks. Scheduler::call now feeds the watchdog itself
-  // after each scheduled item that actually runs, so we no longer need an
-  // unconditional feed here — when Scheduler::call has no work to do, the
-  // only elapsed time is a sleep wake + a few instructions, and when it does
-  // have work, it fed the wdt as it went.
-  this->scheduler.call(loop_start_time);
-
+// Phase B entry: only invoked when a component loop phase is about to run.
+// Processes pending enable_loop requests from ISRs and marks in_loop_ so
+// reentrant modifications during component.loop() are safe.
+inline void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE Application::before_component_phase_() {
   // Process any pending enable_loop requests from ISRs
   // This must be done before marking in_loop_ = true to avoid race conditions
   if (this->has_pending_enable_loop_requests_) {
@@ -877,51 +619,130 @@ inline void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE Application::before_loop_tasks_(uint32_t loop_
 }
 
 inline void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE Application::loop() {
-  // Get the initial loop time at the start
-  uint32_t last_op_end_time = millis();
-
-  this->before_loop_tasks_(last_op_end_time);
-
-  for (this->current_loop_index_ = 0; this->current_loop_index_ < this->looping_components_active_end_;
-       this->current_loop_index_++) {
-    Component *component = this->looping_components_[this->current_loop_index_];
-
-    // Update the cached time before each component runs
-    this->loop_component_start_time_ = last_op_end_time;
-
-    {
-      this->set_current_component(component);
-      WarnIfComponentBlockingGuard guard{component, last_op_end_time};
-      component->loop();
-      // Use the finish method to get the current time as the end time
-      last_op_end_time = guard.finish();
-    }
-    this->feed_wdt_with_time(last_op_end_time);
-  }
-
-  this->after_loop_tasks_();
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_STATS
+  // Capture the start of the active (non-sleeping) portion of this iteration.
+  // Used to derive main-loop overhead = active time − Σ(component time) −
+  // before/tail splits recorded below.
+  uint32_t loop_active_start_us = micros();
+  // Snapshot the cumulative component-recorded time so we can subtract the
+  // slice that the scheduler spends inside its own WarnIfComponentBlockingGuard
+  // (scheduler.cpp) — that time is already counted in per-component stats,
+  // so charging it again to "before" would double-count.
+  uint64_t loop_recorded_snap = ComponentRuntimeStats::global_recorded_us;
+#endif
+  // Phase A: always service the scheduler. Decouples scheduler cadence from
+  // loop_interval_ so raised intervals (for power savings) don't drag scheduled
+  // items forward. A tick that only runs the scheduler is cheap.
+  // scheduler_tick_ returns the timestamp of the last scheduler item that ran
+  // (advanced by its per-item feeds) or `now` unchanged. We adopt it as `now`
+  // so the gate check and WDT feed both reflect actual elapsed time after
+  // scheduler dispatch, without an extra millis() call.
+  uint32_t now = this->scheduler_tick_(MillisInternal::get());
+  // Guarantee one WDT feed per tick even when the scheduler had nothing to
+  // dispatch and the component phase is gated out — covers configs with no
+  // looping components and no scheduler work (setup() has its own
+  // per-component feed_wdt calls, so only do this here, not in scheduler_tick_).
+  this->feed_wdt_with_time(now);
 
 #ifdef USE_RUNTIME_STATS
-  // Process any pending runtime stats printing after all components have run
-  // This ensures stats printing doesn't affect component timing measurements
+  uint32_t loop_before_end_us = micros();
+  uint64_t loop_before_scheduled_us = ComponentRuntimeStats::global_recorded_us - loop_recorded_snap;
+  // Only meaningful when do_component_phase is true; initialized to 0 so the
+  // tail bucket receives 0 on Phase A-only ticks (no component tail happened,
+  // the gate-check / stats-prefix overhead belongs to "residual", not "tail").
+  uint32_t loop_tail_start_us = 0;
+#endif
+
+  // Gate the component phase on loop_interval_, an active high-frequency
+  // request, or an explicit wake from a background producer. A scheduler-only
+  // wake (e.g. set_interval firing under a raised loop_interval_) leaves the
+  // component phase gated; an external producer that called wake_loop_*
+  // (MQTT RX, USB RX, BLE event, etc.) needs the component phase to actually
+  // run so its component's loop() can drain the queued work — that is the
+  // long-standing semantic of wake_loop_threadsafe(), and the wake_request
+  // flag preserves it. wake_request_take() exchange-clears the flag; wakes
+  // that arrive during Phase B re-set it and run Phase B again on the next
+  // iteration.
+  const bool high_frequency = HighFrequencyLoopRequester::is_high_frequency();
+  const uint32_t elapsed = now - this->last_loop_;
+  const bool woke = esphome::wake_request_take();
+  const bool do_component_phase = high_frequency || woke || (elapsed >= this->loop_interval_);
+
+  if (do_component_phase) {
+    this->before_component_phase_();
+
+    uint32_t last_op_end_time = now;
+    for (this->current_loop_index_ = 0; this->current_loop_index_ < this->looping_components_active_end_;
+         this->current_loop_index_++) {
+      Component *component = this->looping_components_[this->current_loop_index_];
+
+      // Update the cached time before each component runs
+      this->loop_component_start_time_ = last_op_end_time;
+
+      {
+        this->set_current_component(component);
+        WarnIfComponentBlockingGuard guard{component, last_op_end_time};
+        component->loop();
+        // Use the finish method to get the current time as the end time
+        last_op_end_time = guard.finish();
+      }
+      this->feed_wdt_with_time(last_op_end_time);
+    }
+
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_STATS
+    loop_tail_start_us = micros();
+#endif
+    this->last_loop_ = last_op_end_time;
+    now = last_op_end_time;
+    this->after_component_phase_();
+  }
+
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_STATS
+  // Record per-tick timing on every loop, not just component-phase ticks.
+  // record_loop_active is a small accumulator; process_pending_stats is an
+  // inline gate check that early-outs unless now >= next_log_time_.
   if (global_runtime_stats != nullptr) {
-    global_runtime_stats->process_pending_stats(last_op_end_time);
+    uint32_t loop_now_us = micros();
+    // Subtract scheduled-component time from the "before" bucket so it is
+    // not double-counted (it is already attributed to per-component stats).
+    uint32_t loop_before_wall_us = loop_before_end_us - loop_active_start_us;
+    uint32_t loop_before_overhead_us = loop_before_wall_us > loop_before_scheduled_us
+                                           ? loop_before_wall_us - static_cast<uint32_t>(loop_before_scheduled_us)
+                                           : 0;
+    // tail_us is only defined when Phase B ran; 0 on Phase A-only ticks so the
+    // stats bucket keeps its "component-phase trailing overhead" meaning.
+    uint32_t loop_tail_us = do_component_phase ? (loop_now_us - loop_tail_start_us) : 0;
+    global_runtime_stats->record_loop_active(loop_now_us - loop_active_start_us, loop_before_overhead_us, loop_tail_us);
+    global_runtime_stats->process_pending_stats(now);
   }
 #endif
 
-  // Use the last component's end time instead of calling millis() again
+  // Compute sleep: bounded by time-until-next-component-phase and the
+  // scheduler's next deadline. When a scheduler timer fires it re-enters
+  // loop(), Phase A services it, and the component phase stays gated by
+  // loop_interval_. When a background producer calls wake_loop_threadsafe()
+  // it sets the wake_request flag and wakes select() / the task notification;
+  // the gate above sees the flag and runs Phase B too so the producer's
+  // component can drain its queued work without waiting up to loop_interval_.
+  //
+  // Re-read HighFrequencyLoopRequester::is_high_frequency() here instead of
+  // reusing the cached `high_frequency` captured above: a component calling
+  // HighFrequencyLoopRequester::start() from within its loop() would
+  // otherwise sit under the stale value and sleep for up to loop_interval_
+  // before the request took effect. That was fine pre-decoupling (the old
+  // main loop also called the function fresh at the sleep point) but now
+  // matters much more — loop_interval_ is a power-saving knob documented
+  // to accept multi-second values, so the stale path could add seconds of
+  // latency on an HF request. The call is a trivial atomic read.
   uint32_t delay_time = 0;
-  auto elapsed = last_op_end_time - this->last_loop_;
-  if (elapsed < this->loop_interval_ && !HighFrequencyLoopRequester::is_high_frequency()) {
-    delay_time = this->loop_interval_ - elapsed;
-    uint32_t next_schedule = this->scheduler.next_schedule_in(last_op_end_time).value_or(delay_time);
-    // next_schedule is max 0.5*delay_time
-    // otherwise interval=0 schedules result in constant looping with almost no sleep
-    next_schedule = std::max(next_schedule, delay_time / 2);
-    delay_time = std::min(next_schedule, delay_time);
+  if (!HighFrequencyLoopRequester::is_high_frequency()) {
+    const uint32_t elapsed_since_phase = now - this->last_loop_;
+    const uint32_t until_phase =
+        (elapsed_since_phase >= this->loop_interval_) ? 0 : (this->loop_interval_ - elapsed_since_phase);
+    const uint32_t until_sched = this->scheduler.next_schedule_in(now).value_or(until_phase);
+    delay_time = std::min(until_phase, until_sched);
   }
   this->yield_with_select_(delay_time);
-  this->last_loop_ = last_op_end_time;
 
   if (this->dump_config_at_ < this->components_.size()) {
     this->process_dump_config_();
@@ -932,26 +753,16 @@ inline void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE Application::loop() {
 #ifndef USE_HOST
 inline void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE Application::yield_with_select_(uint32_t delay_ms) {
 #ifdef USE_LWIP_FAST_SELECT
-  // Fast path (ESP32/LibreTiny): reads rcvevent directly from cached lwip_sock pointers.
-  // Safe because this runs on the main loop which owns socket lifetime (create, read, close).
+  // Fast path (ESP32/LibreTiny): FreeRTOS task notifications posted by the lwip
+  // event_callback wrapper (see lwip_fast_select.c) are the single source of truth for
+  // socket wake-ups. Every NETCONN_EVT_RCVPLUS posts an xTaskNotifyGive, so any notification
+  // that lands between wakes keeps the counter non-zero (next ulTaskNotifyTake returns
+  // immediately) or wakes a blocked Take directly. Additional wake sources:
+  // wake_loop_threadsafe() from background tasks, and the delay_ms timeout.
   if (delay_ms == 0) [[unlikely]] {
     yield();
     return;
   }
-
-  // Check if any socket already has pending data before sleeping.
-  // If a socket still has unread data (rcvevent > 0) but the task notification was already
-  // consumed, ulTaskNotifyTake would block until timeout — adding up to delay_ms latency.
-  // This scan preserves select() semantics: return immediately when any fd is ready.
-  for (struct lwip_sock *sock : this->monitored_sockets_) {
-    if (esphome_lwip_socket_has_data(sock)) {
-      yield();
-      return;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Sleep with instant wake via FreeRTOS task notification.
-  // Woken by: callback wrapper (socket data), wake_loop_threadsafe() (background tasks), or timeout.
 #endif
   esphome::internal::wakeable_delay(delay_ms);
 }
diff --git a/esphome/core/automation.h b/esphome/core/automation.h
index eb270bfee2..468ea3b382 100644
--- a/esphome/core/automation.h
+++ b/esphome/core/automation.h
@@ -62,6 +62,18 @@ template<typename T, typename... X> class TemplatableFn {
                                                 !std::convertible_to<std::invoke_result_t<F, X...>, T> ||
                                                 !std::default_initializable<F>) = delete;
 
+  // Reject raw (non-callable) values with a helpful diagnostic pointing at the Python-side fix.
+  // TemplatableFn stores only a function pointer (4 bytes), so constants must be wrapped in a
+  // stateless lambda by codegen. External components hitting this error should use
+  // `cg.templatable(value, args, type)` in their Python __init__.py before passing to the setter.
+  template<typename V> TemplatableFn(V) requires(!std::invocable<V, X...>) && (!std::convertible_to<V, T (*)(X...)>) {
+    static_assert(sizeof(V) == 0, "Missing cg.templatable(...) in Python codegen for this TEMPLATABLE_VALUE "
+                                  "field. The wrapper was always required; it worked by accident because the old "
+                                  "TemplatableValue implicitly converted raw constants. TemplatableFn cannot. See "
+                                  "https://developers.esphome.io/blog/2026/04/09/"
+                                  "templatablefn-4-byte-templatable-storage-for-trivially-copyable-types/");
+  }
+
   bool has_value() const { return this->f_ != nullptr; }
 
   T value(X... x) const { return this->f_ ? this->f_(x...) : T{}; }
diff --git a/esphome/core/base_automation.h b/esphome/core/base_automation.h
index 11133d3973..17f937d10d 100644
--- a/esphome/core/base_automation.h
+++ b/esphome/core/base_automation.h
@@ -205,7 +205,9 @@ template<typename... Ts> class DelayAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Compon
     } else {
       // For delays with arguments, capture by value to preserve argument values
       // Arguments must be copied because original references may be invalid after delay
-      auto f = [this, x...]() { this->play_next_(x...); };
+      // `mutable` is required so captured copies of non-const reference args (e.g. std::string&)
+      // are passed as non-const lvalues to play_next_(const Ts&...) where Ts may be `T&`
+      auto f = [this, x...]() mutable { this->play_next_(x...); };
       App.scheduler.set_timer_common_(this, Scheduler::SchedulerItem::TIMEOUT, Scheduler::NameType::NUMERIC_ID_INTERNAL,
                                       nullptr, static_cast<uint32_t>(InternalSchedulerID::DELAY_ACTION),
                                       this->delay_.value(x...), std::move(f),
diff --git a/esphome/core/component.cpp b/esphome/core/component.cpp
index 8949b4b76d..e33652482e 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/component.cpp
@@ -506,6 +506,10 @@ void PollingComponent::stop_poller() {
 
 uint32_t PollingComponent::get_update_interval() const { return this->update_interval_; }
 
+#ifdef USE_RUNTIME_STATS
+uint64_t ComponentRuntimeStats::global_recorded_us = 0;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+#endif
+
 void __attribute__((noinline, cold))
 WarnIfComponentBlockingGuard::warn_blocking(Component *component, uint32_t blocking_time) {
   bool should_warn;
diff --git a/esphome/core/component.h b/esphome/core/component.h
index 3307c5ae76..6afcfda41d 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component.h
+++ b/esphome/core/component.h
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/millis_internal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/optional.h"
 
 // Forward declarations for friend access from codegen-generated setup()
@@ -116,6 +117,13 @@ struct ComponentRuntimeStats {
   uint64_t total_time_us{0};
   uint32_t total_max_time_us{0};
 
+  // Cumulative sum of every record_time() duration since boot, across all
+  // components. Used by Application::loop() to snapshot time spent inside
+  // WarnIfComponentBlockingGuard (including guards constructed by the
+  // scheduler at scheduler.cpp) so main-loop overhead accounting can
+  // subtract scheduled-callback time from the before_loop_tasks_ wall time.
+  static uint64_t global_recorded_us;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+
   void record_time(uint32_t duration_us) {
     this->period_count++;
     this->period_time_us += duration_us;
@@ -125,6 +133,7 @@ struct ComponentRuntimeStats {
     this->total_time_us += duration_us;
     if (duration_us > this->total_max_time_us)
       this->total_max_time_us = duration_us;
+    global_recorded_us += duration_us;
   }
   void reset_period() {
     this->period_count = 0;
@@ -593,7 +602,7 @@ class Component {
  */
 class PollingComponent : public Component {
  public:
-  PollingComponent() : PollingComponent(0) {}
+  PollingComponent() : PollingComponent(SCHEDULER_DONT_RUN) {}
 
   /** Initialize this polling component with the given update interval in ms.
    *
@@ -648,7 +657,7 @@ class WarnIfComponentBlockingGuard {
 #ifdef USE_RUNTIME_STATS
     this->component_->runtime_stats_.record_time(micros() - this->started_us_);
 #endif
-    uint32_t curr_time = millis();
+    uint32_t curr_time = MillisInternal::get();
 #ifndef USE_BENCHMARK
     // Fast path: compare against constant threshold in ms (computed at compile time from centiseconds)
     static constexpr uint32_t WARN_IF_BLOCKING_OVER_MS = static_cast<uint32_t>(WARN_IF_BLOCKING_OVER_CS) * 10U;
diff --git a/esphome/core/component_iterator.cpp b/esphome/core/component_iterator.cpp
index ff76b2b81b..f4d3c05e19 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component_iterator.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/component_iterator.cpp
@@ -33,53 +33,18 @@ void ComponentIterator::advance() {
       }
       break;
 
-#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
-    case IteratorState::BINARY_SENSOR:
-      this->process_platform_item_(App.get_binary_sensors(), &ComponentIterator::on_binary_sensor);
-      break;
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_COVER
-    case IteratorState::COVER:
-      this->process_platform_item_(App.get_covers(), &ComponentIterator::on_cover);
-      break;
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_FAN
-    case IteratorState::FAN:
-      this->process_platform_item_(App.get_fans(), &ComponentIterator::on_fan);
-      break;
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_LIGHT
-    case IteratorState::LIGHT:
-      this->process_platform_item_(App.get_lights(), &ComponentIterator::on_light);
-      break;
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_SENSOR
-    case IteratorState::SENSOR:
-      this->process_platform_item_(App.get_sensors(), &ComponentIterator::on_sensor);
-      break;
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_SWITCH
-    case IteratorState::SWITCH:
-      this->process_platform_item_(App.get_switches(), &ComponentIterator::on_switch);
-      break;
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_BUTTON
-    case IteratorState::BUTTON:
-      this->process_platform_item_(App.get_buttons(), &ComponentIterator::on_button);
-      break;
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
-    case IteratorState::TEXT_SENSOR:
-      this->process_platform_item_(App.get_text_sensors(), &ComponentIterator::on_text_sensor);
-      break;
-#endif
+// Entity iterator cases (generated from entity_types.h)
+// NOLINTBEGIN(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
+#define ENTITY_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper) \
+  case IteratorState::upper: \
+    this->process_platform_item_(App.get_##plural(), &ComponentIterator::on_##singular); \
+    break;
+#define ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper, callback) \
+  ENTITY_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper)
+#include "esphome/core/entity_types.h"
+#undef ENTITY_TYPE_
+#undef ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_
+      // NOLINTEND(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
 
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
     case IteratorState::SERVICE:
@@ -97,96 +62,6 @@ void ComponentIterator::advance() {
     } break;
 #endif
 
-#ifdef USE_CLIMATE
-    case IteratorState::CLIMATE:
-      this->process_platform_item_(App.get_climates(), &ComponentIterator::on_climate);
-      break;
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_NUMBER
-    case IteratorState::NUMBER:
-      this->process_platform_item_(App.get_numbers(), &ComponentIterator::on_number);
-      break;
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATE
-    case IteratorState::DATETIME_DATE:
-      this->process_platform_item_(App.get_dates(), &ComponentIterator::on_date);
-      break;
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_TIME
-    case IteratorState::DATETIME_TIME:
-      this->process_platform_item_(App.get_times(), &ComponentIterator::on_time);
-      break;
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATETIME
-    case IteratorState::DATETIME_DATETIME:
-      this->process_platform_item_(App.get_datetimes(), &ComponentIterator::on_datetime);
-      break;
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_TEXT
-    case IteratorState::TEXT:
-      this->process_platform_item_(App.get_texts(), &ComponentIterator::on_text);
-      break;
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_SELECT
-    case IteratorState::SELECT:
-      this->process_platform_item_(App.get_selects(), &ComponentIterator::on_select);
-      break;
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_LOCK
-    case IteratorState::LOCK:
-      this->process_platform_item_(App.get_locks(), &ComponentIterator::on_lock);
-      break;
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_VALVE
-    case IteratorState::VALVE:
-      this->process_platform_item_(App.get_valves(), &ComponentIterator::on_valve);
-      break;
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
-    case IteratorState::MEDIA_PLAYER:
-      this->process_platform_item_(App.get_media_players(), &ComponentIterator::on_media_player);
-      break;
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL
-    case IteratorState::ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL:
-      this->process_platform_item_(App.get_alarm_control_panels(), &ComponentIterator::on_alarm_control_panel);
-      break;
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_WATER_HEATER
-    case IteratorState::WATER_HEATER:
-      this->process_platform_item_(App.get_water_heaters(), &ComponentIterator::on_water_heater);
-      break;
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_INFRARED
-    case IteratorState::INFRARED:
-      this->process_platform_item_(App.get_infrareds(), &ComponentIterator::on_infrared);
-      break;
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_EVENT
-    case IteratorState::EVENT:
-      this->process_platform_item_(App.get_events(), &ComponentIterator::on_event);
-      break;
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_UPDATE
-    case IteratorState::UPDATE:
-      this->process_platform_item_(App.get_updates(), &ComponentIterator::on_update);
-      break;
-#endif
-
     case IteratorState::MAX:
       if (this->on_end()) {
         this->state_ = IteratorState::NONE;
@@ -203,7 +78,4 @@ bool ComponentIterator::on_service(api::UserServiceDescriptor *service) { return
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA
 bool ComponentIterator::on_camera(camera::Camera *camera) { return true; }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
-bool ComponentIterator::on_media_player(media_player::MediaPlayer *media_player) { return true; }
-#endif
 }  // namespace esphome
diff --git a/esphome/core/component_iterator.h b/esphome/core/component_iterator.h
index 6c03b74a17..9a1e5da351 100644
--- a/esphome/core/component_iterator.h
+++ b/esphome/core/component_iterator.h
@@ -28,80 +28,21 @@ class ComponentIterator {
   void advance();
   bool completed() const { return this->state_ == IteratorState::NONE; }
   virtual bool on_begin();
-#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
-  virtual bool on_binary_sensor(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *binary_sensor) = 0;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_COVER
-  virtual bool on_cover(cover::Cover *cover) = 0;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_FAN
-  virtual bool on_fan(fan::Fan *fan) = 0;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_LIGHT
-  virtual bool on_light(light::LightState *light) = 0;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_SENSOR
-  virtual bool on_sensor(sensor::Sensor *sensor) = 0;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_SWITCH
-  virtual bool on_switch(switch_::Switch *a_switch) = 0;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_BUTTON
-  virtual bool on_button(button::Button *button) = 0;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
-  virtual bool on_text_sensor(text_sensor::TextSensor *text_sensor) = 0;
-#endif
+// Pure virtual entity callbacks (generated from entity_types.h)
+// NOLINTBEGIN(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
+#define ENTITY_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper) virtual bool on_##singular(type *obj) = 0;
+#define ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper, callback) \
+  ENTITY_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper)
+#include "esphome/core/entity_types.h"
+#undef ENTITY_TYPE_
+#undef ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_
+// NOLINTEND(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
+// Non-entity and non-pure-virtual callbacks (have default implementations)
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
   virtual bool on_service(api::UserServiceDescriptor *service);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA
   virtual bool on_camera(camera::Camera *camera);
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_CLIMATE
-  virtual bool on_climate(climate::Climate *climate) = 0;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_NUMBER
-  virtual bool on_number(number::Number *number) = 0;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATE
-  virtual bool on_date(datetime::DateEntity *date) = 0;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_TIME
-  virtual bool on_time(datetime::TimeEntity *time) = 0;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATETIME
-  virtual bool on_datetime(datetime::DateTimeEntity *datetime) = 0;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_TEXT
-  virtual bool on_text(text::Text *text) = 0;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_SELECT
-  virtual bool on_select(select::Select *select) = 0;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_LOCK
-  virtual bool on_lock(lock::Lock *a_lock) = 0;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_VALVE
-  virtual bool on_valve(valve::Valve *valve) = 0;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
-  virtual bool on_media_player(media_player::MediaPlayer *media_player);
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL
-  virtual bool on_alarm_control_panel(alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanel *a_alarm_control_panel) = 0;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_WATER_HEATER
-  virtual bool on_water_heater(water_heater::WaterHeater *water_heater) = 0;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_INFRARED
-  virtual bool on_infrared(infrared::Infrared *infrared) = 0;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_EVENT
-  virtual bool on_event(event::Event *event) = 0;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_UPDATE
-  virtual bool on_update(update::UpdateEntity *update) = 0;
 #endif
   virtual bool on_end();
 
@@ -111,80 +52,19 @@ class ComponentIterator {
   enum class IteratorState : uint8_t {
     NONE = 0,
     BEGIN,
-#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
-    BINARY_SENSOR,
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_COVER
-    COVER,
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_FAN
-    FAN,
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_LIGHT
-    LIGHT,
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_SENSOR
-    SENSOR,
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_SWITCH
-    SWITCH,
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_BUTTON
-    BUTTON,
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
-    TEXT_SENSOR,
-#endif
+// Entity iterator states (generated from entity_types.h)
+// NOLINTBEGIN(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
+#define ENTITY_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper) upper,
+#define ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper, callback) upper,
+#include "esphome/core/entity_types.h"
+#undef ENTITY_TYPE_
+#undef ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_
+// NOLINTEND(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
     SERVICE,
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA
     CAMERA,
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_CLIMATE
-    CLIMATE,
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_NUMBER
-    NUMBER,
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATE
-    DATETIME_DATE,
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_TIME
-    DATETIME_TIME,
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATETIME
-    DATETIME_DATETIME,
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_TEXT
-    TEXT,
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_SELECT
-    SELECT,
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_LOCK
-    LOCK,
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_VALVE
-    VALVE,
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
-    MEDIA_PLAYER,
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL
-    ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL,
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_WATER_HEATER
-    WATER_HEATER,
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_INFRARED
-    INFRARED,
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_EVENT
-    EVENT,
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_UPDATE
-    UPDATE,
 #endif
     MAX,
   };
diff --git a/esphome/core/controller.h b/esphome/core/controller.h
index 632b46c893..09975b465f 100644
--- a/esphome/core/controller.h
+++ b/esphome/core/controller.h
@@ -1,140 +1,19 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
-#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
-#include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_FAN
-#include "esphome/components/fan/fan.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_LIGHT
-#include "esphome/components/light/light_state.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_COVER
-#include "esphome/components/cover/cover.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_SENSOR
-#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
-#include "esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_SWITCH
-#include "esphome/components/switch/switch.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_BUTTON
-#include "esphome/components/button/button.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_CLIMATE
-#include "esphome/components/climate/climate.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_NUMBER
-#include "esphome/components/number/number.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATE
-#include "esphome/components/datetime/date_entity.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_TIME
-#include "esphome/components/datetime/time_entity.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATETIME
-#include "esphome/components/datetime/datetime_entity.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_TEXT
-#include "esphome/components/text/text.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_SELECT
-#include "esphome/components/select/select.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_LOCK
-#include "esphome/components/lock/lock.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_VALVE
-#include "esphome/components/valve/valve.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
-#include "esphome/components/media_player/media_player.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL
-#include "esphome/components/alarm_control_panel/alarm_control_panel.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_WATER_HEATER
-#include "esphome/components/water_heater/water_heater.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_EVENT
-#include "esphome/components/event/event.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_UPDATE
-#include "esphome/components/update/update_entity.h"
-#endif
+#include "esphome/core/entity_includes.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 
 class Controller {
  public:
-#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
-  virtual void on_binary_sensor_update(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *obj){};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_FAN
-  virtual void on_fan_update(fan::Fan *obj){};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_LIGHT
-  virtual void on_light_update(light::LightState *obj){};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_SENSOR
-  virtual void on_sensor_update(sensor::Sensor *obj){};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_SWITCH
-  virtual void on_switch_update(switch_::Switch *obj){};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_COVER
-  virtual void on_cover_update(cover::Cover *obj){};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
-  virtual void on_text_sensor_update(text_sensor::TextSensor *obj){};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_CLIMATE
-  virtual void on_climate_update(climate::Climate *obj){};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_NUMBER
-  virtual void on_number_update(number::Number *obj){};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATE
-  virtual void on_date_update(datetime::DateEntity *obj){};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_TIME
-  virtual void on_time_update(datetime::TimeEntity *obj){};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATETIME
-  virtual void on_datetime_update(datetime::DateTimeEntity *obj){};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_TEXT
-  virtual void on_text_update(text::Text *obj){};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_SELECT
-  virtual void on_select_update(select::Select *obj){};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_LOCK
-  virtual void on_lock_update(lock::Lock *obj){};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_VALVE
-  virtual void on_valve_update(valve::Valve *obj){};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
-  virtual void on_media_player_update(media_player::MediaPlayer *obj){};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL
-  virtual void on_alarm_control_panel_update(alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanel *obj){};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_WATER_HEATER
-  virtual void on_water_heater_update(water_heater::WaterHeater *obj){};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_EVENT
-  virtual void on_event(event::Event *obj){};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_UPDATE
-  virtual void on_update(update::UpdateEntity *obj){};
-#endif
+// Controller virtual methods (generated from entity_types.h)
+// NOLINTBEGIN(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
+#define ENTITY_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper)  // no controller callback
+#define ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper, callback) virtual void on_##callback(type *obj){};
+#include "esphome/core/entity_types.h"
+#undef ENTITY_TYPE_
+#undef ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_
+  // NOLINTEND(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome
diff --git a/esphome/core/controller_registry.cpp b/esphome/core/controller_registry.cpp
index 92f23f5642..907e0f923d 100644
--- a/esphome/core/controller_registry.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/controller_registry.cpp
@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@ namespace esphome {
 
 StaticVector<Controller *, CONTROLLER_REGISTRY_MAX> ControllerRegistry::controllers;
 
-void ControllerRegistry::register_controller(Controller *controller) { controllers.push_back(controller); }
-
 }  // namespace esphome
 
 #endif  // USE_CONTROLLER_REGISTRY
diff --git a/esphome/core/controller_registry.h b/esphome/core/controller_registry.h
index 846642da29..c6113116ff 100644
--- a/esphome/core/controller_registry.h
+++ b/esphome/core/controller_registry.h
@@ -4,139 +4,13 @@
 
 #ifdef USE_CONTROLLER_REGISTRY
 
+#include "esphome/core/entity_includes.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
-// Forward declarations
 namespace esphome {
 
 class Controller;
 
-#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
-namespace binary_sensor {
-class BinarySensor;
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_FAN
-namespace fan {
-class Fan;
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_LIGHT
-namespace light {
-class LightState;
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_SENSOR
-namespace sensor {
-class Sensor;
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_SWITCH
-namespace switch_ {
-class Switch;
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_COVER
-namespace cover {
-class Cover;
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
-namespace text_sensor {
-class TextSensor;
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_CLIMATE
-namespace climate {
-class Climate;
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_NUMBER
-namespace number {
-class Number;
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATE
-namespace datetime {
-class DateEntity;
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_TIME
-namespace datetime {
-class TimeEntity;
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATETIME
-namespace datetime {
-class DateTimeEntity;
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_TEXT
-namespace text {
-class Text;
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_SELECT
-namespace select {
-class Select;
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_LOCK
-namespace lock {
-class Lock;
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_VALVE
-namespace valve {
-class Valve;
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
-namespace media_player {
-class MediaPlayer;
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL
-namespace alarm_control_panel {
-class AlarmControlPanel;
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_WATER_HEATER
-namespace water_heater {
-class WaterHeater;
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_EVENT
-namespace event {
-class Event;
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_UPDATE
-namespace update {
-class UpdateEntity;
-}
-#endif
-
 /** Global registry for Controllers to receive entity state updates.
  *
  * This singleton registry allows Controllers (APIServer, WebServer) to receive
@@ -160,91 +34,17 @@ class ControllerRegistry {
    * Controllers should call this in their setup() method.
    * Typically only APIServer and WebServer register.
    */
-  static void register_controller(Controller *controller);
+  static void register_controller(Controller *controller) { controllers.push_back(controller); }
 
-#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
-  static void notify_binary_sensor_update(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *obj);
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_FAN
-  static void notify_fan_update(fan::Fan *obj);
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_LIGHT
-  static void notify_light_update(light::LightState *obj);
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_SENSOR
-  static void notify_sensor_update(sensor::Sensor *obj);
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_SWITCH
-  static void notify_switch_update(switch_::Switch *obj);
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_COVER
-  static void notify_cover_update(cover::Cover *obj);
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
-  static void notify_text_sensor_update(text_sensor::TextSensor *obj);
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_CLIMATE
-  static void notify_climate_update(climate::Climate *obj);
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_NUMBER
-  static void notify_number_update(number::Number *obj);
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATE
-  static void notify_date_update(datetime::DateEntity *obj);
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_TIME
-  static void notify_time_update(datetime::TimeEntity *obj);
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATETIME
-  static void notify_datetime_update(datetime::DateTimeEntity *obj);
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_TEXT
-  static void notify_text_update(text::Text *obj);
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_SELECT
-  static void notify_select_update(select::Select *obj);
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_LOCK
-  static void notify_lock_update(lock::Lock *obj);
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_VALVE
-  static void notify_valve_update(valve::Valve *obj);
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
-  static void notify_media_player_update(media_player::MediaPlayer *obj);
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL
-  static void notify_alarm_control_panel_update(alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanel *obj);
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_WATER_HEATER
-  static void notify_water_heater_update(water_heater::WaterHeater *obj);
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_EVENT
-  static void notify_event(event::Event *obj);
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_UPDATE
-  static void notify_update(update::UpdateEntity *obj);
-#endif
+// Notify method declarations (generated from entity_types.h)
+// NOLINTBEGIN(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
+#define ENTITY_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper)  // no controller callback
+#define ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper, callback) \
+  static void notify_##callback(type *obj);
+#include "esphome/core/entity_types.h"
+#undef ENTITY_TYPE_
+#undef ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_
+  // NOLINTEND(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
 
  protected:
   static StaticVector<Controller *, CONTROLLER_REGISTRY_MAX> controllers;
@@ -265,108 +65,18 @@ namespace esphome {
 // notify_frontend_(), eliminating an unnecessary function-call frame.
 
 // NOLINTBEGIN(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
-#define CONTROLLER_REGISTRY_NOTIFY(entity_type, entity_name) \
-  inline void ControllerRegistry::notify_##entity_name##_update(entity_type *obj) { \
+#define ENTITY_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper)  // no controller callback
+#define ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper, callback) \
+  inline void ControllerRegistry::notify_##callback(type *obj) { \
     for (auto *controller : controllers) { \
-      controller->on_##entity_name##_update(obj); \
-    } \
-  }
-
-#define CONTROLLER_REGISTRY_NOTIFY_NO_UPDATE_SUFFIX(entity_type, entity_name) \
-  inline void ControllerRegistry::notify_##entity_name(entity_type *obj) { \
-    for (auto *controller : controllers) { \
-      controller->on_##entity_name(obj); \
+      controller->on_##callback(obj); \
     } \
   }
+#include "esphome/core/entity_types.h"
+#undef ENTITY_TYPE_
+#undef ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_
 // NOLINTEND(bugprone-macro-parentheses)
 
-#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
-CONTROLLER_REGISTRY_NOTIFY(binary_sensor::BinarySensor, binary_sensor)
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_FAN
-CONTROLLER_REGISTRY_NOTIFY(fan::Fan, fan)
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_LIGHT
-CONTROLLER_REGISTRY_NOTIFY(light::LightState, light)
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_SENSOR
-CONTROLLER_REGISTRY_NOTIFY(sensor::Sensor, sensor)
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_SWITCH
-CONTROLLER_REGISTRY_NOTIFY(switch_::Switch, switch)
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_COVER
-CONTROLLER_REGISTRY_NOTIFY(cover::Cover, cover)
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
-CONTROLLER_REGISTRY_NOTIFY(text_sensor::TextSensor, text_sensor)
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_CLIMATE
-CONTROLLER_REGISTRY_NOTIFY(climate::Climate, climate)
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_NUMBER
-CONTROLLER_REGISTRY_NOTIFY(number::Number, number)
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATE
-CONTROLLER_REGISTRY_NOTIFY(datetime::DateEntity, date)
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_TIME
-CONTROLLER_REGISTRY_NOTIFY(datetime::TimeEntity, time)
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATETIME
-CONTROLLER_REGISTRY_NOTIFY(datetime::DateTimeEntity, datetime)
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_TEXT
-CONTROLLER_REGISTRY_NOTIFY(text::Text, text)
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_SELECT
-CONTROLLER_REGISTRY_NOTIFY(select::Select, select)
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_LOCK
-CONTROLLER_REGISTRY_NOTIFY(lock::Lock, lock)
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_VALVE
-CONTROLLER_REGISTRY_NOTIFY(valve::Valve, valve)
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
-CONTROLLER_REGISTRY_NOTIFY(media_player::MediaPlayer, media_player)
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL
-CONTROLLER_REGISTRY_NOTIFY(alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanel, alarm_control_panel)
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_WATER_HEATER
-CONTROLLER_REGISTRY_NOTIFY(water_heater::WaterHeater, water_heater)
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_EVENT
-CONTROLLER_REGISTRY_NOTIFY_NO_UPDATE_SUFFIX(event::Event, event)
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_UPDATE
-CONTROLLER_REGISTRY_NOTIFY_NO_UPDATE_SUFFIX(update::UpdateEntity, update)
-#endif
-
-#undef CONTROLLER_REGISTRY_NOTIFY
-#undef CONTROLLER_REGISTRY_NOTIFY_NO_UPDATE_SUFFIX
-
 }  // namespace esphome
 
 #endif  // USE_CONTROLLER_REGISTRY
diff --git a/esphome/core/defines.h b/esphome/core/defines.h
index d8b4faced9..07cac97e17 100644
--- a/esphome/core/defines.h
+++ b/esphome/core/defines.h
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@
 #define USE_ENTITY_DEVICE_CLASS
 #define USE_ENTITY_ICON
 #define USE_ENTITY_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT
+#define USE_ESP32_BLE_PSRAM
 #define USE_ESP32_CAMERA_JPEG_CONVERSION
 #define USE_ESP32_HOSTED
 #define USE_ESP32_IMPROV_STATE_CALLBACK
@@ -177,6 +178,7 @@
 #define USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
 #define USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
 #define API_MAX_SEND_QUEUE 8
+#define MAX_API_CONNECTIONS 6
 #define USE_MD5
 #define USE_SHA256
 #define USE_MQTT
diff --git a/esphome/core/entity_includes.h b/esphome/core/entity_includes.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f67887b30b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/core/entity_includes.h
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#pragma once
+
+// Shared entity component includes.
+// Conditionally includes headers for all entity types based on USE_* defines.
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
+#include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_COVER
+#include "esphome/components/cover/cover.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_FAN
+#include "esphome/components/fan/fan.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_LIGHT
+#include "esphome/components/light/light_state.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+#include "esphome/components/switch/switch.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BUTTON
+#include "esphome/components/button/button.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+#include "esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_CLIMATE
+#include "esphome/components/climate/climate.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+#include "esphome/components/number/number.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATE
+#include "esphome/components/datetime/date_entity.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_DATETIME_TIME
+#include "esphome/components/datetime/time_entity.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATETIME
+#include "esphome/components/datetime/datetime_entity.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_TEXT
+#include "esphome/components/text/text.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+#include "esphome/components/select/select.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_LOCK
+#include "esphome/components/lock/lock.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_VALVE
+#include "esphome/components/valve/valve.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
+#include "esphome/components/media_player/media_player.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL
+#include "esphome/components/alarm_control_panel/alarm_control_panel.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_WATER_HEATER
+#include "esphome/components/water_heater/water_heater.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_INFRARED
+#include "esphome/components/infrared/infrared.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SERIAL_PROXY
+#include "esphome/components/serial_proxy/serial_proxy.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_EVENT
+#include "esphome/components/event/event.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_UPDATE
+#include "esphome/components/update/update_entity.h"
+#endif
diff --git a/esphome/core/entity_types.h b/esphome/core/entity_types.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..04b490e10e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/core/entity_types.h
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+// X-macro include file for entity type declarations.
+// This file is included multiple times with different macro definitions.
+//
+// Both macros must be defined before including this file:
+//
+//   ENTITY_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper)
+//     — entities without controller callbacks (button, infrared)
+//
+//   ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper, callback)
+//     — entities with controller callbacks
+//
+// Excluded from this list (handled manually):
+//   - devices/areas: not entities
+//   - serial_proxy: custom register logic, no by-key lookup
+
+#ifndef ENTITY_TYPE_
+#error "ENTITY_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper) must be defined before including entity_types.h"
+#endif
+#ifndef ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_
+#error \
+    "ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(type, singular, plural, count, upper, callback) must be defined before including entity_types.h"
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
+ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(binary_sensor::BinarySensor, binary_sensor, binary_sensors, ESPHOME_ENTITY_BINARY_SENSOR_COUNT,
+                        BINARY_SENSOR, binary_sensor_update)
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_COVER
+ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(cover::Cover, cover, covers, ESPHOME_ENTITY_COVER_COUNT, COVER, cover_update)
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_FAN
+ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(fan::Fan, fan, fans, ESPHOME_ENTITY_FAN_COUNT, FAN, fan_update)
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_LIGHT
+ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(light::LightState, light, lights, ESPHOME_ENTITY_LIGHT_COUNT, LIGHT, light_update)
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(sensor::Sensor, sensor, sensors, ESPHOME_ENTITY_SENSOR_COUNT, SENSOR, sensor_update)
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(switch_::Switch, switch, switches, ESPHOME_ENTITY_SWITCH_COUNT, SWITCH, switch_update)
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BUTTON
+ENTITY_TYPE_(button::Button, button, buttons, ESPHOME_ENTITY_BUTTON_COUNT, BUTTON)
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(text_sensor::TextSensor, text_sensor, text_sensors, ESPHOME_ENTITY_TEXT_SENSOR_COUNT,
+                        TEXT_SENSOR, text_sensor_update)
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_CLIMATE
+ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(climate::Climate, climate, climates, ESPHOME_ENTITY_CLIMATE_COUNT, CLIMATE, climate_update)
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(number::Number, number, numbers, ESPHOME_ENTITY_NUMBER_COUNT, NUMBER, number_update)
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATE
+ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(datetime::DateEntity, date, dates, ESPHOME_ENTITY_DATE_COUNT, DATETIME_DATE, date_update)
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_DATETIME_TIME
+ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(datetime::TimeEntity, time, times, ESPHOME_ENTITY_TIME_COUNT, DATETIME_TIME, time_update)
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATETIME
+ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(datetime::DateTimeEntity, datetime, datetimes, ESPHOME_ENTITY_DATETIME_COUNT, DATETIME_DATETIME,
+                        datetime_update)
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_TEXT
+ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(text::Text, text, texts, ESPHOME_ENTITY_TEXT_COUNT, TEXT, text_update)
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(select::Select, select, selects, ESPHOME_ENTITY_SELECT_COUNT, SELECT, select_update)
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_LOCK
+ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(lock::Lock, lock, locks, ESPHOME_ENTITY_LOCK_COUNT, LOCK, lock_update)
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_VALVE
+ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(valve::Valve, valve, valves, ESPHOME_ENTITY_VALVE_COUNT, VALVE, valve_update)
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
+ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(media_player::MediaPlayer, media_player, media_players, ESPHOME_ENTITY_MEDIA_PLAYER_COUNT,
+                        MEDIA_PLAYER, media_player_update)
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL
+ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanel, alarm_control_panel, alarm_control_panels,
+                        ESPHOME_ENTITY_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_COUNT, ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL, alarm_control_panel_update)
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_WATER_HEATER
+ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(water_heater::WaterHeater, water_heater, water_heaters, ESPHOME_ENTITY_WATER_HEATER_COUNT,
+                        WATER_HEATER, water_heater_update)
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_INFRARED
+ENTITY_TYPE_(infrared::Infrared, infrared, infrareds, ESPHOME_ENTITY_INFRARED_COUNT, INFRARED)
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_EVENT
+ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(event::Event, event, events, ESPHOME_ENTITY_EVENT_COUNT, EVENT, event)
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_UPDATE
+ENTITY_CONTROLLER_TYPE_(update::UpdateEntity, update, updates, ESPHOME_ENTITY_UPDATE_COUNT, UPDATE, update)
+#endif
diff --git a/esphome/core/freertos_queue.h b/esphome/core/freertos_queue.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2f3faf818a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/core/freertos_queue.h
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
+#ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_NO_ATOMICS
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include <FreeRTOS.h>
+#include <queue.h>
+
+/*
+ * FreeRTOS queue wrapper for single-producer single-consumer scenarios on
+ * platforms without hardware atomic support (e.g. BK72xx ARM968E-S).
+ *
+ * Provides the same API as LockFreeQueue (push, pop, get_and_reset_dropped_count,
+ * empty, full, size) but uses xQueue internally, which synchronizes via
+ * FreeRTOS critical sections. Uses xQueueCreateStatic so the queue storage
+ * lives in BSS with zero runtime heap allocation.
+ *
+ * @tparam T The type of elements stored in the queue (stored as pointers)
+ * @tparam SIZE The maximum number of elements
+ */
+
+namespace esphome {
+
+template<class T, uint8_t SIZE> class FreeRTOSQueue {
+ public:
+  FreeRTOSQueue() : dropped_count_(0) {
+    this->handle_ = xQueueCreateStatic(SIZE, sizeof(T *), this->storage_, &this->queue_buf_);
+  }
+
+  // No destructor — ESPHome components are never destroyed. Intentionally
+  // omitted to avoid pulling in vQueueDelete code on resource-constrained targets.
+
+  // Non-copyable, non-movable — queue handle is not transferable
+  FreeRTOSQueue(const FreeRTOSQueue &) = delete;
+  FreeRTOSQueue &operator=(const FreeRTOSQueue &) = delete;
+  FreeRTOSQueue(FreeRTOSQueue &&) = delete;
+  FreeRTOSQueue &operator=(FreeRTOSQueue &&) = delete;
+
+  bool push(T *element) {
+    if (element == nullptr)
+      return false;
+
+    if (xQueueSend(this->handle_, &element, 0) != pdPASS) {
+      this->increment_dropped_count();
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  T *pop() {
+    T *element;
+    if (xQueueReceive(this->handle_, &element, 0) != pdTRUE) {
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+    return element;
+  }
+
+  uint16_t get_and_reset_dropped_count() {
+    // Fast path: plain read of aligned uint16_t is a single ARM load instruction.
+    // Worst case is reading a stale zero and reporting drops one iteration later.
+    // Avoids critical section overhead on every loop() call since drops are rare.
+    if (this->dropped_count_ == 0)
+      return 0;
+    // Declare outside critical section — BK72xx portENTER_CRITICAL may introduce a scope
+    uint16_t count;
+    portENTER_CRITICAL();
+    count = this->dropped_count_;
+    this->dropped_count_ = 0;
+    portEXIT_CRITICAL();
+    return count;
+  }
+
+  void increment_dropped_count() {
+    portENTER_CRITICAL();
+    this->dropped_count_++;
+    portEXIT_CRITICAL();
+  }
+
+  bool empty() const { return uxQueueMessagesWaiting(this->handle_) == 0; }
+
+  bool full() const { return uxQueueSpacesAvailable(this->handle_) == 0; }
+
+  size_t size() const { return uxQueueMessagesWaiting(this->handle_); }
+
+ protected:
+  // Static storage for the queue — lives in BSS, no heap allocation
+  uint8_t storage_[SIZE * sizeof(T *)];
+  StaticQueue_t queue_buf_;
+  QueueHandle_t handle_;
+  uint16_t dropped_count_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome
+
+#endif  // ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_NO_ATOMICS
diff --git a/esphome/core/hal.h b/esphome/core/hal.h
index 03a30b7459..e4083622b9 100644
--- a/esphome/core/hal.h
+++ b/esphome/core/hal.h
@@ -21,6 +21,35 @@
 #define IRAM_ATTR __attribute__((noinline, long_call, section(".time_critical")))
 #define PROGMEM
 
+#elif defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
+
+// IRAM_ATTR places a function in executable RAM so it is callable from an
+// ISR even while flash is busy (XIP stall, OTA, logger flash write).
+// Each family uses a section its stock linker already routes to RAM:
+// RTL8710B → .image2.ram.text, RTL8720C → .sram.text. LN882H is the
+// exception: its stock linker has no matching glob, so patch_linker.py
+// injects KEEP(*(.sram.text*)) into .flash_copysection at pre-link.
+//
+// BK72xx (all variants) are left as a no-op: their SDK wraps flash
+// operations in GLOBAL_INT_DISABLE() which masks FIQ + IRQ at the CPU for
+// the duration of every write, so no ISR fires while flash is stalled and
+// the race IRAM_ATTR guards against cannot occur. The trade-off is that
+// interrupts are delayed (not dropped) by up to ~20 ms during a sector
+// erase, but that is an SDK-level choice and cannot be changed from this
+// layer.
+#if defined(USE_BK72XX)
+#define IRAM_ATTR
+#elif defined(USE_LIBRETINY_VARIANT_RTL8710B)
+// Stock linker consumes *(.image2.ram.text*) into .ram_image2.text (> BD_RAM).
+#define IRAM_ATTR __attribute__((noinline, section(".image2.ram.text")))
+#else
+// RTL8720C: stock linker consumes *(.sram.text*) into .ram.code_text.
+// LN882H: patch_linker.py.script injects *(.sram.text*) into
+// .flash_copysection (> RAM0 AT> FLASH).
+#define IRAM_ATTR __attribute__((noinline, section(".sram.text")))
+#endif
+#define PROGMEM
+
 #else
 
 #define IRAM_ATTR
@@ -28,8 +57,51 @@
 
 #endif
 
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
+#include <freertos/task.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_BK72XX
+// Declared in the Beken FreeRTOS port (portmacro.h) and built in ARM mode so
+// it is callable from Thumb code via interworking. The MRS CPSR instruction
+// is ARM-only and user code here may be built in Thumb, so in_isr_context()
+// defers to this port helper on BK72xx instead of reading CPSR inline.
+extern "C" uint32_t platform_is_in_interrupt_context(void);
+#endif
+
 namespace esphome {
 
+/// Returns true when executing inside an interrupt handler.
+/// always_inline so callers placed in IRAM keep the detection in IRAM.
+__attribute__((always_inline)) inline bool in_isr_context() {
+#if defined(USE_ESP32)
+  return xPortInIsrContext() != 0;
+#elif defined(USE_ESP8266)
+  // ESP8266 has no reliable single-register ISR detection: PS.INTLEVEL is
+  // non-zero both in a real ISR and when user code masks interrupts.  The
+  // ESP8266 wake path is context-agnostic (wake_loop_impl uses esp_schedule
+  // which is ISR-safe) so this helper is unused on this platform.
+  return false;
+#elif defined(USE_RP2040)
+  uint32_t ipsr;
+  __asm__ volatile("mrs %0, ipsr" : "=r"(ipsr));
+  return ipsr != 0;
+#elif defined(USE_BK72XX)
+  // BK72xx is ARM968E-S (ARM9); see extern declaration above.
+  return platform_is_in_interrupt_context() != 0;
+#elif defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
+  // Cortex-M (AmebaZ, AmebaZ2, LN882H). IPSR is the active exception number;
+  // non-zero means we're in a handler.
+  uint32_t ipsr;
+  __asm__ volatile("mrs %0, ipsr" : "=r"(ipsr));
+  return ipsr != 0;
+#else
+  // Host and any future platform without an ISR concept.
+  return false;
+#endif
+}
+
 void yield();
 uint32_t millis();
 uint64_t millis_64();
diff --git a/esphome/core/helpers.cpp b/esphome/core/helpers.cpp
index 34ecaf137f..e71da95e6b 100644
--- a/esphome/core/helpers.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/helpers.cpp
@@ -221,31 +221,7 @@ bool str_endswith_ignore_case(const char *str, size_t str_len, const char *suffi
   return strncasecmp(str + str_len - suffix_len, suffix, suffix_len) == 0;
 }
 
-std::string str_truncate(const std::string &str, size_t length) {
-  return str.length() > length ? str.substr(0, length) : str;
-}
-std::string str_until(const char *str, char ch) {
-  const char *pos = strchr(str, ch);
-  return pos == nullptr ? std::string(str) : std::string(str, pos - str);
-}
-std::string str_until(const std::string &str, char ch) { return str.substr(0, str.find(ch)); }
-// wrapper around std::transform to run safely on functions from the ctype.h header
-// see https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/byte/toupper#Notes
-template<int (*fn)(int)> std::string str_ctype_transform(const std::string &str) {
-  std::string result;
-  result.resize(str.length());
-  std::transform(str.begin(), str.end(), result.begin(), [](unsigned char ch) { return fn(ch); });
-  return result;
-}
-std::string str_lower_case(const std::string &str) { return str_ctype_transform<std::tolower>(str); }
-std::string str_upper_case(const std::string &str) { return str_ctype_transform<std::toupper>(str); }
-std::string str_snake_case(const std::string &str) {
-  std::string result = str;
-  for (char &c : result) {
-    c = to_snake_case_char(c);
-  }
-  return result;
-}
+// str_truncate, str_until, str_lower_case, str_upper_case, str_snake_case moved to alloc_helpers.cpp
 char *str_sanitize_to(char *buffer, size_t buffer_size, const char *str) {
   if (buffer_size == 0) {
     return buffer;
@@ -258,41 +234,7 @@ char *str_sanitize_to(char *buffer, size_t buffer_size, const char *str) {
   return buffer;
 }
 
-std::string str_sanitize(const std::string &str) {
-  std::string result;
-  result.resize(str.size());
-  str_sanitize_to(&result[0], str.size() + 1, str.c_str());
-  return result;
-}
-std::string str_snprintf(const char *fmt, size_t len, ...) {
-  std::string str;
-  va_list args;
-
-  str.resize(len);
-  va_start(args, len);
-  size_t out_length = vsnprintf(&str[0], len + 1, fmt, args);
-  va_end(args);
-
-  if (out_length < len)
-    str.resize(out_length);
-
-  return str;
-}
-std::string str_sprintf(const char *fmt, ...) {
-  std::string str;
-  va_list args;
-
-  va_start(args, fmt);
-  size_t length = vsnprintf(nullptr, 0, fmt, args);
-  va_end(args);
-
-  str.resize(length);
-  va_start(args, fmt);
-  vsnprintf(&str[0], length + 1, fmt, args);
-  va_end(args);
-
-  return str;
-}
+// str_sanitize, str_snprintf, str_sprintf moved to alloc_helpers.cpp
 
 // Maximum size for name with suffix: 120 (max friendly name) + 1 (separator) + 6 (MAC suffix) + 1 (null term)
 static constexpr size_t MAX_NAME_WITH_SUFFIX_SIZE = 128;
@@ -341,11 +283,7 @@ size_t parse_hex(const char *str, size_t length, uint8_t *data, size_t count) {
   return chars;
 }
 
-std::string format_mac_address_pretty(const uint8_t *mac) {
-  char buf[18];
-  format_mac_addr_upper(mac, buf);
-  return std::string(buf);
-}
+// format_mac_address_pretty moved to alloc_helpers.cpp
 
 // Internal helper for hex formatting - base is 'a' for lowercase or 'A' for uppercase.
 // When separator is set, it is written unconditionally after each byte and the last
@@ -398,13 +336,7 @@ char *format_hex_to(char *buffer, size_t buffer_size, const uint8_t *data, size_
   return format_hex_internal(buffer, buffer_size, data, length, 0, 'a');
 }
 
-std::string format_hex(const uint8_t *data, size_t length) {
-  std::string ret;
-  ret.resize(length * 2);
-  format_hex_to(&ret[0], length * 2 + 1, data, length);
-  return ret;
-}
-std::string format_hex(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) { return format_hex(data.data(), data.size()); }
+// format_hex (std::string returning overloads) moved to alloc_helpers.cpp
 
 char *format_hex_pretty_to(char *buffer, size_t buffer_size, const uint8_t *data, size_t length, char separator) {
   return format_hex_internal(buffer, buffer_size, data, length, separator, 'A');
@@ -441,43 +373,7 @@ char *format_hex_pretty_to(char *buffer, size_t buffer_size, const uint16_t *dat
   return buffer;
 }
 
-// Shared implementation for uint8_t and string hex formatting
-static std::string format_hex_pretty_uint8(const uint8_t *data, size_t length, char separator, bool show_length) {
-  if (data == nullptr || length == 0)
-    return "";
-  std::string ret;
-  size_t hex_len = separator ? (length * 3 - 1) : (length * 2);
-  ret.resize(hex_len);
-  format_hex_pretty_to(&ret[0], hex_len + 1, data, length, separator);
-  if (show_length && length > 4)
-    return ret + " (" + std::to_string(length) + ")";
-  return ret;
-}
-
-std::string format_hex_pretty(const uint8_t *data, size_t length, char separator, bool show_length) {
-  return format_hex_pretty_uint8(data, length, separator, show_length);
-}
-std::string format_hex_pretty(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, char separator, bool show_length) {
-  return format_hex_pretty(data.data(), data.size(), separator, show_length);
-}
-
-std::string format_hex_pretty(const uint16_t *data, size_t length, char separator, bool show_length) {
-  if (data == nullptr || length == 0)
-    return "";
-  std::string ret;
-  size_t hex_len = separator ? (length * 5 - 1) : (length * 4);
-  ret.resize(hex_len);
-  format_hex_pretty_to(&ret[0], hex_len + 1, data, length, separator);
-  if (show_length && length > 4)
-    return ret + " (" + std::to_string(length) + ")";
-  return ret;
-}
-std::string format_hex_pretty(const std::vector<uint16_t> &data, char separator, bool show_length) {
-  return format_hex_pretty(data.data(), data.size(), separator, show_length);
-}
-std::string format_hex_pretty(const std::string &data, char separator, bool show_length) {
-  return format_hex_pretty_uint8(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(data.data()), data.length(), separator, show_length);
-}
+// format_hex_pretty (all std::string returning overloads) moved to alloc_helpers.cpp
 
 char *format_bin_to(char *buffer, size_t buffer_size, const uint8_t *data, size_t length) {
   if (buffer_size == 0) {
@@ -500,12 +396,7 @@ char *format_bin_to(char *buffer, size_t buffer_size, const uint8_t *data, size_
   return buffer;
 }
 
-std::string format_bin(const uint8_t *data, size_t length) {
-  std::string result;
-  result.resize(length * 8);
-  format_bin_to(&result[0], length * 8 + 1, data, length);
-  return result;
-}
+// format_bin moved to alloc_helpers.cpp
 
 ParseOnOffState parse_on_off(const char *str, const char *on, const char *off) {
   if (on == nullptr && ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(str, ESPHOME_PSTR("on")) == 0)
@@ -522,6 +413,23 @@ ParseOnOffState parse_on_off(const char *str, const char *on, const char *off) {
   return PARSE_NONE;
 }
 
+int8_t ilog10(float value) {
+  float abs_val = fabsf(value);
+  int8_t exp = 0;
+  if (abs_val >= 10.0f) {
+    while (abs_val >= 10.0f) {
+      abs_val /= 10.0f;
+      exp++;
+    }
+  } else if (abs_val < 1.0f) {
+    while (abs_val < 1.0f) {
+      abs_val *= 10.0f;
+      exp--;
+    }
+  }
+  return exp;
+}
+
 static inline void normalize_accuracy_decimals(float &value, int8_t &accuracy_decimals) {
   if (accuracy_decimals < 0) {
     float divisor;
@@ -537,34 +445,60 @@ static inline void normalize_accuracy_decimals(float &value, int8_t &accuracy_de
   }
 }
 
-std::string value_accuracy_to_string(float value, int8_t accuracy_decimals) {
-  char buf[VALUE_ACCURACY_MAX_LEN];
-  value_accuracy_to_buf(buf, value, accuracy_decimals);
-  return std::string(buf);
+// value_accuracy_to_string moved to alloc_helpers.cpp
+
+// Fast float-to-string for accuracy_decimals 0-3 (covers virtually all sensor usage).
+// Avoids snprintf("%.*f") which pulls in heavy float formatting machinery.
+// Caller must guarantee value is finite and |value| * mult fits in uint32_t.
+static size_t value_accuracy_to_buf_fast(char *buf, float value, int8_t accuracy_decimals, uint32_t mult) {
+  char *p = buf;
+  if (std::signbit(value)) {
+    *p++ = '-';
+    value = -value;
+  }
+  // Cast to double for the multiply to match snprintf's rounding precision.
+  // float*int loses bits at exact-half boundaries (e.g. 23.45f*10 = 234.5 in float,
+  // but snprintf sees 234.500007... via double promotion and rounds differently).
+  // llrint returns long long so the result fits even on 32-bit targets where
+  // long is 32-bit; caller has already bounded |value * mult| to UINT32_MAX.
+  uint32_t scaled = static_cast<uint32_t>(llrint(static_cast<double>(value) * mult));
+  p = uint32_to_str_unchecked(p, scaled / mult);
+  if (accuracy_decimals > 0) {
+    *p++ = '.';
+    p = frac_to_str_unchecked(p, scaled % mult, mult / 10);
+  }
+  *p = '\0';
+  return static_cast<size_t>(p - buf);
 }
 
 size_t value_accuracy_to_buf(std::span<char, VALUE_ACCURACY_MAX_LEN> buf, float value, int8_t accuracy_decimals) {
   normalize_accuracy_decimals(value, accuracy_decimals);
-  // snprintf returns chars that would be written (excluding null), or negative on error
+
+  // Fast path for accuracy 0-3, finite values whose scaled magnitude fits in uint32_t.
+  // For 3 decimals that's |value| < ~4.29e6; larger totals fall through to snprintf.
+  if (accuracy_decimals <= 3 && std::isfinite(value)) {
+    const uint32_t mult = small_pow10(accuracy_decimals);
+    if (std::fabs(value) < static_cast<float>(UINT32_MAX) / mult) {
+      return value_accuracy_to_buf_fast(buf.data(), value, accuracy_decimals, mult);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Fallback for NaN/Inf/high accuracy/out-of-range
   int len = snprintf(buf.data(), buf.size(), "%.*f", accuracy_decimals, value);
   if (len < 0)
-    return 0;  // encoding error
-  // On truncation, snprintf returns would-be length; actual written is buf.size() - 1
+    return 0;
   return static_cast<size_t>(len) >= buf.size() ? buf.size() - 1 : static_cast<size_t>(len);
 }
 
 size_t value_accuracy_with_uom_to_buf(std::span<char, VALUE_ACCURACY_MAX_LEN> buf, float value,
                                       int8_t accuracy_decimals, StringRef unit_of_measurement) {
-  if (unit_of_measurement.empty()) {
-    return value_accuracy_to_buf(buf, value, accuracy_decimals);
+  size_t len = value_accuracy_to_buf(buf, value, accuracy_decimals);
+  if (len == 0 || unit_of_measurement.empty()) {
+    return len;
   }
-  normalize_accuracy_decimals(value, accuracy_decimals);
-  // snprintf returns chars that would be written (excluding null), or negative on error
-  int len = snprintf(buf.data(), buf.size(), "%.*f %s", accuracy_decimals, value, unit_of_measurement.c_str());
-  if (len < 0)
-    return 0;  // encoding error
-  // On truncation, snprintf returns would-be length; actual written is buf.size() - 1
-  return static_cast<size_t>(len) >= buf.size() ? buf.size() - 1 : static_cast<size_t>(len);
+  char *end = buf_append_sep_str(buf.data() + len, buf.size() - len, ' ', unit_of_measurement.c_str(),
+                                 unit_of_measurement.size());
+  return static_cast<size_t>(end - buf.data());
 }
 
 int8_t step_to_accuracy_decimals(float step) {
@@ -606,45 +540,7 @@ static inline uint8_t base64_find_char(char c) {
 // Check if character is valid base64 or base64url
 static inline bool is_base64(char c) { return (isalnum(c) || (c == '+') || (c == '/') || (c == '-') || (c == '_')); }
 
-std::string base64_encode(const std::vector<uint8_t> &buf) { return base64_encode(buf.data(), buf.size()); }
-
-// Encode 3 input bytes to 4 base64 characters, append 'count' to ret.
-static inline void base64_encode_triple(const char *char_array_3, int count, std::string &ret) {
-  char char_array_4[4];
-  char_array_4[0] = (char_array_3[0] & 0xfc) >> 2;
-  char_array_4[1] = ((char_array_3[0] & 0x03) << 4) + ((char_array_3[1] & 0xf0) >> 4);
-  char_array_4[2] = ((char_array_3[1] & 0x0f) << 2) + ((char_array_3[2] & 0xc0) >> 6);
-  char_array_4[3] = char_array_3[2] & 0x3f;
-
-  for (int j = 0; j < count; j++)
-    ret += BASE64_CHARS[static_cast<uint8_t>(char_array_4[j])];
-}
-
-std::string base64_encode(const uint8_t *buf, size_t buf_len) {
-  std::string ret;
-  int i = 0;
-  char char_array_3[3];
-
-  while (buf_len--) {
-    char_array_3[i++] = *(buf++);
-    if (i == 3) {
-      base64_encode_triple(char_array_3, 4, ret);
-      i = 0;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (i) {
-    for (int j = i; j < 3; j++)
-      char_array_3[j] = '\0';
-
-    base64_encode_triple(char_array_3, i + 1, ret);
-
-    while ((i++ < 3))
-      ret += '=';
-  }
-
-  return ret;
-}
+// base64_encode (both overloads) moved to alloc_helpers.cpp
 
 size_t base64_decode(const std::string &encoded_string, uint8_t *buf, size_t buf_len) {
   return base64_decode(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(encoded_string.data()), encoded_string.size(), buf, buf_len);
@@ -705,14 +601,7 @@ size_t base64_decode(const uint8_t *encoded_data, size_t encoded_len, uint8_t *b
   return out;
 }
 
-std::vector<uint8_t> base64_decode(const std::string &encoded_string) {
-  // Calculate maximum decoded size: every 4 base64 chars = 3 bytes
-  size_t max_len = ((encoded_string.size() + 3) / 4) * 3;
-  std::vector<uint8_t> ret(max_len);
-  size_t actual_len = base64_decode(encoded_string, ret.data(), max_len);
-  ret.resize(actual_len);
-  return ret;
-}
+// base64_decode (vector-returning overload) moved to alloc_helpers.cpp
 
 /// Decode base64/base64url string directly into vector of little-endian int32 values
 /// @param base64 Base64 or base64url encoded string (both +/ and -_ accepted)
@@ -851,18 +740,7 @@ void HighFrequencyLoopRequester::stop() {
   this->started_ = false;
 }
 
-std::string get_mac_address() {
-  uint8_t mac[6];
-  get_mac_address_raw(mac);
-  char buf[13];
-  format_mac_addr_lower_no_sep(mac, buf);
-  return std::string(buf);
-}
-
-std::string get_mac_address_pretty() {
-  char buf[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
-  return std::string(get_mac_address_pretty_into_buffer(buf));
-}
+// get_mac_address, get_mac_address_pretty moved to alloc_helpers.cpp
 
 void get_mac_address_into_buffer(std::span<char, MAC_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE> buf) {
   uint8_t mac[6];
diff --git a/esphome/core/helpers.h b/esphome/core/helpers.h
index 54bc32a5a5..4a91c46074 100644
--- a/esphome/core/helpers.h
+++ b/esphome/core/helpers.h
@@ -21,6 +21,12 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/optional.h"
 
+// Backward compatibility re-export of heap-allocating helpers.
+// These functions have moved to alloc_helpers.h. External components should
+// update their includes to use #include "esphome/core/alloc_helpers.h" directly.
+// This re-export will be removed in 2026.11.0.
+#include "esphome/core/alloc_helpers.h"
+
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266
 #include <Esp.h>
 #include <pgmspace.h>
@@ -734,6 +740,11 @@ template<size_t STACK_SIZE, typename T = uint8_t> class SmallBufferWithHeapFallb
 /// @name Mathematics
 ///@{
 
+/// Compute floor(log10(fabs(value))) using iterative comparison.
+/// Avoids pulling in __ieee754_logf/log10f (~1KB flash).
+/// Only valid for finite, non-zero values.
+int8_t ilog10(float value);
+
 /// Compute 10^exp using iterative multiplication/division.
 /// Avoids pulling in powf/__ieee754_powf (~2.3KB flash) for small integer exponents.  // NOLINT
 /// Matches powf(10, exp) for the int8_t exponent range used by sensor accuracy_decimals.  // NOLINT
@@ -979,27 +990,13 @@ inline bool str_endswith_ignore_case(const std::string &str, const char *suffix)
   return str_endswith_ignore_case(str.c_str(), str.size(), suffix, strlen(suffix));
 }
 
-/// Truncate a string to a specific length.
-/// @warning Allocates heap memory. Avoid in new code - causes heap fragmentation on long-running devices.
-std::string str_truncate(const std::string &str, size_t length);
+// str_truncate moved to alloc_helpers.h - remove this include before 2026.11.0
 
-/// Extract the part of the string until either the first occurrence of the specified character, or the end
-/// (requires str to be null-terminated).
-std::string str_until(const char *str, char ch);
-/// Extract the part of the string until either the first occurrence of the specified character, or the end.
-std::string str_until(const std::string &str, char ch);
-
-/// Convert the string to lower case.
-std::string str_lower_case(const std::string &str);
-/// Convert the string to upper case.
-/// @warning Allocates heap memory. Avoid in new code - causes heap fragmentation on long-running devices.
-std::string str_upper_case(const std::string &str);
+// str_until, str_lower_case, str_upper_case moved to alloc_helpers.h - remove this comment before 2026.11.0
 
 /// Convert a single char to snake_case: lowercase and space to underscore.
 constexpr char to_snake_case_char(char c) { return (c == ' ') ? '_' : (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ? c + ('a' - 'A') : c; }
-/// Convert the string to snake case (lowercase with underscores).
-/// @warning Allocates heap memory. Avoid in new code - causes heap fragmentation on long-running devices.
-std::string str_snake_case(const std::string &str);
+// str_snake_case moved to alloc_helpers.h - remove this comment before 2026.11.0
 
 /// Sanitize a single char: keep alphanumerics, dashes, underscores; replace others with underscore.
 constexpr char to_sanitized_char(char c) {
@@ -1022,9 +1019,7 @@ template<size_t N> inline char *str_sanitize_to(char (&buffer)[N], const char *s
   return str_sanitize_to(buffer, N, str);
 }
 
-/// Sanitizes the input string by removing all characters but alphanumerics, dashes and underscores.
-/// @warning Allocates heap memory. Use str_sanitize_to() with a stack buffer instead.
-std::string str_sanitize(const std::string &str);
+// str_sanitize moved to alloc_helpers.h - remove this comment before 2026.11.0
 
 /// Calculate FNV-1 hash of a string while applying snake_case + sanitize transformations.
 /// This computes object_id hashes directly from names without creating an intermediate buffer.
@@ -1040,13 +1035,7 @@ inline uint32_t fnv1_hash_object_id(const char *str, size_t len) {
   return hash;
 }
 
-/// snprintf-like function returning std::string of maximum length \p len (excluding null terminator).
-/// @warning Allocates heap memory. Use snprintf() with a stack buffer instead.
-std::string __attribute__((format(printf, 1, 3))) str_snprintf(const char *fmt, size_t len, ...);
-
-/// sprintf-like function returning std::string.
-/// @warning Allocates heap memory. Use snprintf() with a stack buffer instead.
-std::string __attribute__((format(printf, 1, 2))) str_sprintf(const char *fmt, ...);
+// str_snprintf, str_sprintf moved to alloc_helpers.h - remove this comment before 2026.11.0
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266
 // ESP8266: Use vsnprintf_P to keep format strings in flash (PROGMEM)
@@ -1095,7 +1084,33 @@ __attribute__((format(printf, 4, 5))) inline size_t buf_append_printf(char *buf,
 }
 #endif
 
-/// Safely append a string to buffer without format parsing, returning new position (capped at size).
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+/// Safely append a PROGMEM string to buffer, returning new position (capped at size).
+/// ESP8266 internal implementation — prefer the `buf_append_str` macro which wraps
+/// literals with `PSTR()` automatically so they stay in flash instead of eating RAM.
+/// @param buf Output buffer
+/// @param size Total buffer size
+/// @param pos Current position in buffer
+/// @param str PROGMEM-resident string to append (must not be null)
+/// @return New position after appending; returns `size` if `pos >= size`, otherwise
+///         returns at most `size - 1` because one byte is reserved for the null terminator
+inline size_t buf_append_str_p(char *buf, size_t size, size_t pos, PGM_P str) {
+  if (pos >= size) {
+    return size;
+  }
+  size_t remaining = size - pos - 1;  // reserve space for null terminator
+  size_t len = strnlen_P(str, remaining);
+  memcpy_P(buf + pos, str, len);
+  pos += len;
+  buf[pos] = '\0';
+  return pos;
+}
+/// Safely append a string to buffer, returning new position (capped at size).
+/// More efficient than buf_append_printf for plain string literals.
+/// On ESP8266 the literal is wrapped with PSTR() so it stays in flash.
+#define buf_append_str(buf, size, pos, str) buf_append_str_p(buf, size, pos, PSTR(str))
+#else
+/// Safely append a string to buffer, returning new position (capped at size).
 /// More efficient than buf_append_printf for plain string literals.
 /// @param buf Output buffer
 /// @param size Total buffer size
@@ -1107,15 +1122,16 @@ inline size_t buf_append_str(char *buf, size_t size, size_t pos, const char *str
     return size;
   }
   size_t remaining = size - pos - 1;  // reserve space for null terminator
-  size_t len = strlen(str);
-  if (len > remaining) {
-    len = remaining;
+  size_t len = 0;
+  while (len < remaining && str[len] != '\0') {
+    len++;
   }
   memcpy(buf + pos, str, len);
   pos += len;
   buf[pos] = '\0';
   return pos;
 }
+#endif
 
 /// Concatenate a name with a separator and suffix using an efficient stack-based approach.
 /// This avoids multiple heap allocations during string construction.
@@ -1295,6 +1311,29 @@ inline char *int8_to_str(char *buf, int8_t val) {
   return buf;
 }
 
+/// Append a separator char and a string to a buffer, respecting remaining space.
+/// Returns pointer past last char written. The buffer is always null-terminated
+/// when remaining >= 1 (even on the no-room early-return), so callers always get
+/// a valid C string.
+inline char *buf_append_sep_str(char *buf, size_t remaining, char separator, const char *str, size_t str_len) {
+  if (remaining < 2) {
+    if (remaining >= 1) {
+      *buf = '\0';
+    }
+    return buf;
+  }
+  *buf++ = separator;
+  remaining--;
+  size_t copy_len = std::min(str_len, remaining - 1);
+  memcpy(buf, str, copy_len);
+  buf += copy_len;
+  *buf = '\0';
+  return buf;
+}
+
+/// Return 10^n for small non-negative n (0-3) as uint32_t, avoiding float.
+inline uint32_t small_pow10(int8_t n) { return n == 3 ? 1000 : n == 2 ? 100 : n == 1 ? 10 : 1; }
+
 /// Minimum buffer size for uint32_to_str: 10 digits + null terminator.
 static constexpr size_t UINT32_MAX_STR_SIZE = 11;
 
@@ -1310,6 +1349,18 @@ inline size_t uint32_to_str(std::span<char, UINT32_MAX_STR_SIZE> buf, uint32_t v
   return static_cast<size_t>(end - buf.data());
 }
 
+/// Write fractional digits with leading zeros to buffer (internal, no size check).
+/// frac is the fractional value, divisor is the highest place value (e.g. 100 for 3 digits).
+/// Returns pointer past last char written.
+inline char *frac_to_str_unchecked(char *buf, uint32_t frac, uint32_t divisor) {
+  while (divisor > 0) {
+    *buf++ = '0' + static_cast<char>(frac / divisor);
+    frac %= divisor;
+    divisor /= 10;
+  }
+  return buf;
+}
+
 /// Format byte array as lowercase hex to buffer (base implementation).
 char *format_hex_to(char *buffer, size_t buffer_size, const uint8_t *data, size_t length);
 
@@ -1441,189 +1492,26 @@ inline void format_mac_addr_lower_no_sep(const uint8_t *mac, char *output) {
   format_hex_to(output, MAC_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE, mac, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE);
 }
 
-/// Format the six-byte array \p mac into a MAC address.
-/// @warning Allocates heap memory. Use format_mac_addr_upper() with a stack buffer instead.
-/// Causes heap fragmentation on long-running devices.
-std::string format_mac_address_pretty(const uint8_t mac[6]);
-/// Format the byte array \p data of length \p len in lowercased hex.
-/// @warning Allocates heap memory. Use format_hex_to() with a stack buffer instead.
-/// Causes heap fragmentation on long-running devices.
-std::string format_hex(const uint8_t *data, size_t length);
-/// Format the vector \p data in lowercased hex.
-/// @warning Allocates heap memory. Use format_hex_to() with a stack buffer instead.
-/// Causes heap fragmentation on long-running devices.
-std::string format_hex(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data);
+// format_mac_address_pretty, format_hex (all overloads) moved to alloc_helpers.h
+// Remove this comment and the template overloads below before 2026.11.0
+
 /// Format an unsigned integer in lowercased hex, starting with the most significant byte.
 /// @warning Allocates heap memory. Use format_hex_to() with a stack buffer instead.
-/// Causes heap fragmentation on long-running devices.
 template<typename T, enable_if_t<std::is_unsigned<T>::value, int> = 0> std::string format_hex(T val) {
   val = convert_big_endian(val);
   return format_hex(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(&val), sizeof(T));
 }
 /// Format the std::array \p data in lowercased hex.
 /// @warning Allocates heap memory. Use format_hex_to() with a stack buffer instead.
-/// Causes heap fragmentation on long-running devices.
 template<std::size_t N> std::string format_hex(const std::array<uint8_t, N> &data) {
   return format_hex(data.data(), data.size());
 }
 
-/** Format a byte array in pretty-printed, human-readable hex format.
- *
- * Converts binary data to a hexadecimal string representation with customizable formatting.
- * Each byte is displayed as a two-digit uppercase hex value, separated by the specified separator.
- * Optionally includes the total byte count in parentheses at the end.
- *
- * @warning Allocates heap memory. Use format_hex_pretty_to() with a stack buffer instead.
- * Causes heap fragmentation on long-running devices.
- *
- * @param data Pointer to the byte array to format.
- * @param length Number of bytes in the array.
- * @param separator Character to use between hex bytes (default: '.').
- * @param show_length Whether to append the byte count in parentheses (default: true).
- * @return Formatted hex string, e.g., "A1.B2.C3.D4.E5 (5)" or "A1:B2:C3" depending on parameters.
- *
- * @note Returns empty string if data is nullptr or length is 0.
- * @note The length will only be appended if show_length is true AND the length is greater than 4.
- *
- * Example:
- * @code
- * uint8_t data[] = {0xA1, 0xB2, 0xC3};
- * format_hex_pretty(data, 3);           // Returns "A1.B2.C3" (no length shown for <= 4 parts)
- * uint8_t data2[] = {0xA1, 0xB2, 0xC3, 0xD4, 0xE5};
- * format_hex_pretty(data2, 5);          // Returns "A1.B2.C3.D4.E5 (5)"
- * format_hex_pretty(data2, 5, ':');     // Returns "A1:B2:C3:D4:E5 (5)"
- * format_hex_pretty(data2, 5, '.', false); // Returns "A1.B2.C3.D4.E5"
- * @endcode
- */
-std::string format_hex_pretty(const uint8_t *data, size_t length, char separator = '.', bool show_length = true);
+// format_hex_pretty (all overloads) moved to alloc_helpers.h
+// Remove this comment and the template overload below before 2026.11.0
 
-/** Format a 16-bit word array in pretty-printed, human-readable hex format.
- *
- * Similar to the byte array version, but formats 16-bit words as 4-digit hex values.
- *
- * @warning Allocates heap memory. Use format_hex_pretty_to() with a stack buffer instead.
- * Causes heap fragmentation on long-running devices.
- *
- * @param data Pointer to the 16-bit word array to format.
- * @param length Number of 16-bit words in the array.
- * @param separator Character to use between hex words (default: '.').
- * @param show_length Whether to append the word count in parentheses (default: true).
- * @return Formatted hex string with 4-digit hex values per word.
- *
- * @note The length will only be appended if show_length is true AND the length is greater than 4.
- *
- * Example:
- * @code
- * uint16_t data[] = {0xA1B2, 0xC3D4};
- * format_hex_pretty(data, 2); // Returns "A1B2.C3D4" (no length shown for <= 4 parts)
- * uint16_t data2[] = {0xA1B2, 0xC3D4, 0xE5F6};
- * format_hex_pretty(data2, 3); // Returns "A1B2.C3D4.E5F6 (3)"
- * @endcode
- */
-std::string format_hex_pretty(const uint16_t *data, size_t length, char separator = '.', bool show_length = true);
-
-/** Format a byte vector in pretty-printed, human-readable hex format.
- *
- * Convenience overload for std::vector<uint8_t>. Formats each byte as a two-digit
- * uppercase hex value with customizable separator.
- *
- * @warning Allocates heap memory. Use format_hex_pretty_to() with a stack buffer instead.
- * Causes heap fragmentation on long-running devices.
- *
- * @param data Vector of bytes to format.
- * @param separator Character to use between hex bytes (default: '.').
- * @param show_length Whether to append the byte count in parentheses (default: true).
- * @return Formatted hex string representation of the vector contents.
- *
- * @note The length will only be appended if show_length is true AND the vector size is greater than 4.
- *
- * Example:
- * @code
- * std::vector<uint8_t> data = {0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF};
- * format_hex_pretty(data);        // Returns "DE.AD.BE.EF" (no length shown for <= 4 parts)
- * std::vector<uint8_t> data2 = {0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF, 0xCA};
- * format_hex_pretty(data2);       // Returns "DE.AD.BE.EF.CA (5)"
- * format_hex_pretty(data2, '-');  // Returns "DE-AD-BE-EF-CA (5)"
- * @endcode
- */
-std::string format_hex_pretty(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, char separator = '.', bool show_length = true);
-
-/** Format a 16-bit word vector in pretty-printed, human-readable hex format.
- *
- * Convenience overload for std::vector<uint16_t>. Each 16-bit word is formatted
- * as a 4-digit uppercase hex value in big-endian order.
- *
- * @warning Allocates heap memory. Use format_hex_pretty_to() with a stack buffer instead.
- * Causes heap fragmentation on long-running devices.
- *
- * @param data Vector of 16-bit words to format.
- * @param separator Character to use between hex words (default: '.').
- * @param show_length Whether to append the word count in parentheses (default: true).
- * @return Formatted hex string representation of the vector contents.
- *
- * @note The length will only be appended if show_length is true AND the vector size is greater than 4.
- *
- * Example:
- * @code
- * std::vector<uint16_t> data = {0x1234, 0x5678};
- * format_hex_pretty(data); // Returns "1234.5678" (no length shown for <= 4 parts)
- * std::vector<uint16_t> data2 = {0x1234, 0x5678, 0x9ABC};
- * format_hex_pretty(data2); // Returns "1234.5678.9ABC (3)"
- * @endcode
- */
-std::string format_hex_pretty(const std::vector<uint16_t> &data, char separator = '.', bool show_length = true);
-
-/** Format a string's bytes in pretty-printed, human-readable hex format.
- *
- * Treats each character in the string as a byte and formats it in hex.
- * Useful for debugging binary data stored in std::string containers.
- *
- * @warning Allocates heap memory. Use format_hex_pretty_to() with a stack buffer instead.
- * Causes heap fragmentation on long-running devices.
- *
- * @param data String whose bytes should be formatted as hex.
- * @param separator Character to use between hex bytes (default: '.').
- * @param show_length Whether to append the byte count in parentheses (default: true).
- * @return Formatted hex string representation of the string's byte contents.
- *
- * @note The length will only be appended if show_length is true AND the string length is greater than 4.
- *
- * Example:
- * @code
- * std::string data = "ABC";  // ASCII: 0x41, 0x42, 0x43
- * format_hex_pretty(data);   // Returns "41.42.43" (no length shown for <= 4 parts)
- * std::string data2 = "ABCDE";
- * format_hex_pretty(data2);  // Returns "41.42.43.44.45 (5)"
- * @endcode
- */
-std::string format_hex_pretty(const std::string &data, char separator = '.', bool show_length = true);
-
-/** Format an unsigned integer in pretty-printed, human-readable hex format.
- *
- * Converts the integer to big-endian byte order and formats each byte as hex.
- * The most significant byte appears first in the output string.
- *
- * @warning Allocates heap memory. Use format_hex_pretty_to() with a stack buffer instead.
- * Causes heap fragmentation on long-running devices.
- *
- * @tparam T Unsigned integer type (uint8_t, uint16_t, uint32_t, uint64_t, etc.).
- * @param val The unsigned integer value to format.
- * @param separator Character to use between hex bytes (default: '.').
- * @param show_length Whether to append the byte count in parentheses (default: true).
- * @return Formatted hex string with most significant byte first.
- *
- * @note The length will only be appended if show_length is true AND sizeof(T) is greater than 4.
- *
- * Example:
- * @code
- * uint32_t value = 0x12345678;
- * format_hex_pretty(value);        // Returns "12.34.56.78" (no length shown for <= 4 parts)
- * uint64_t value2 = 0x123456789ABCDEF0;
- * format_hex_pretty(value2);       // Returns "12.34.56.78.9A.BC.DE.F0 (8)"
- * format_hex_pretty(value2, ':');  // Returns "12:34:56:78:9A:BC:DE:F0 (8)"
- * format_hex_pretty<uint16_t>(0x1234); // Returns "12.34"
- * @endcode
- */
+/// Format an unsigned integer in pretty-printed, human-readable hex format.
+/// @warning Allocates heap memory. Use format_hex_pretty_to() with a stack buffer instead.
 template<typename T, enable_if_t<std::is_unsigned<T>::value, int> = 0>
 std::string format_hex_pretty(T val, char separator = '.', bool show_length = true) {
   val = convert_big_endian(val);
@@ -1683,13 +1571,10 @@ inline char *format_bin_to(char (&buffer)[N], T val) {
   return format_bin_to(buffer, reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(&val), sizeof(T));
 }
 
-/// Format the byte array \p data of length \p len in binary.
-/// @warning Allocates heap memory. Use format_bin_to() with a stack buffer instead.
-/// Causes heap fragmentation on long-running devices.
-std::string format_bin(const uint8_t *data, size_t length);
+// format_bin moved to alloc_helpers.h - remove this comment and template overload before 2026.11.0
+
 /// Format an unsigned integer in binary, starting with the most significant byte.
 /// @warning Allocates heap memory. Use format_bin_to() with a stack buffer instead.
-/// Causes heap fragmentation on long-running devices.
 template<typename T, enable_if_t<std::is_unsigned<T>::value, int> = 0> std::string format_bin(T val) {
   val = convert_big_endian(val);
   return format_bin(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(&val), sizeof(T));
@@ -1705,9 +1590,7 @@ enum ParseOnOffState : uint8_t {
 /// Parse a string that contains either on, off or toggle.
 ParseOnOffState parse_on_off(const char *str, const char *on = nullptr, const char *off = nullptr);
 
-/// @deprecated Allocates heap memory. Use value_accuracy_to_buf() instead. Removed in 2026.7.0.
-ESPDEPRECATED("Allocates heap memory. Use value_accuracy_to_buf() instead. Removed in 2026.7.0.", "2026.1.0")
-std::string value_accuracy_to_string(float value, int8_t accuracy_decimals);
+// value_accuracy_to_string moved to alloc_helpers.h - remove this comment before 2026.11.0
 
 /// Maximum buffer size for value_accuracy formatting (float ~15 chars + space + UOM ~40 chars + null)
 static constexpr size_t VALUE_ACCURACY_MAX_LEN = 64;
@@ -1721,10 +1604,8 @@ size_t value_accuracy_with_uom_to_buf(std::span<char, VALUE_ACCURACY_MAX_LEN> bu
 /// Derive accuracy in decimals from an increment step.
 int8_t step_to_accuracy_decimals(float step);
 
-std::string base64_encode(const uint8_t *buf, size_t buf_len);
-std::string base64_encode(const std::vector<uint8_t> &buf);
-
-std::vector<uint8_t> base64_decode(const std::string &encoded_string);
+// base64_encode (both overloads), base64_decode (vector overload) moved to alloc_helpers.h
+// Remove this comment before 2026.11.0
 size_t base64_decode(std::string const &encoded_string, uint8_t *buf, size_t buf_len);
 size_t base64_decode(const uint8_t *encoded_data, size_t encoded_len, uint8_t *buf, size_t buf_len);
 
@@ -2160,15 +2041,7 @@ class HighFrequencyLoopRequester {
 /// Get the device MAC address as raw bytes, written into the provided byte array (6 bytes).
 void get_mac_address_raw(uint8_t *mac);  // NOLINT(readability-non-const-parameter)
 
-/// Get the device MAC address as a string, in lowercase hex notation.
-/// @warning Allocates heap memory. Avoid in new code - causes heap fragmentation on long-running devices.
-/// Use get_mac_address_into_buffer() instead.
-std::string get_mac_address();
-
-/// Get the device MAC address as a string, in colon-separated uppercase hex notation.
-/// @warning Allocates heap memory. Avoid in new code - causes heap fragmentation on long-running devices.
-/// Use get_mac_address_pretty_into_buffer() instead.
-std::string get_mac_address_pretty();
+// get_mac_address, get_mac_address_pretty moved to alloc_helpers.h - remove this comment before 2026.11.0
 
 /// Get the device MAC address into the given buffer, in lowercase hex notation.
 /// Assumes buffer length is MAC_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE (12 digits for hexadecimal representation followed by null
diff --git a/esphome/core/main_task.h b/esphome/core/main_task.h
index ed2885d2e2..3aa8669e44 100644
--- a/esphome/core/main_task.h
+++ b/esphome/core/main_task.h
@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ extern "C" {
 extern TaskHandle_t esphome_main_task_handle;
 
 /// Wake the main loop task from another FreeRTOS task. NOT ISR-safe.
-static inline void esphome_main_task_notify() {
+/// always_inline so callers placed in IRAM do not reference a flash-resident copy.
+__attribute__((always_inline)) static inline void esphome_main_task_notify() {
   TaskHandle_t task = esphome_main_task_handle;
   if (task != NULL) {
     xTaskNotifyGive(task);
@@ -28,26 +29,14 @@ static inline void esphome_main_task_notify() {
 }
 
 /// Wake the main loop task from an ISR. ISR-safe.
-static inline void esphome_main_task_notify_from_isr(BaseType_t *px_higher_priority_task_woken) {
+__attribute__((always_inline)) static inline void esphome_main_task_notify_from_isr(
+    BaseType_t *px_higher_priority_task_woken) {
   TaskHandle_t task = esphome_main_task_handle;
   if (task != NULL) {
     vTaskNotifyGiveFromISR(task, px_higher_priority_task_woken);
   }
 }
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-/// Wake the main loop from any context (ISR or task). ESP32-only (needs xPortInIsrContext).
-static inline void esphome_main_task_notify_any_context() {
-  if (xPortInIsrContext()) {
-    int px_higher_priority_task_woken = 0;
-    esphome_main_task_notify_from_isr(&px_higher_priority_task_woken);
-    portYIELD_FROM_ISR(px_higher_priority_task_woken);
-  } else {
-    esphome_main_task_notify();
-  }
-}
-#endif
-
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/esphome/core/millis_internal.h b/esphome/core/millis_internal.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6b73476680
--- /dev/null
+++ b/esphome/core/millis_internal.h
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+#if defined(USE_ESP32)
+#include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
+#include <freertos/task.h>
+#include <sdkconfig.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace esphome {
+
+// Friend-gated accessor for a fast millis() variant intended only for
+// known task-context callers on the main loop hot path (Application::loop()
+// and WarnIfComponentBlockingGuard::finish()). It skips the ISR-context
+// dispatch that the public esphome::millis() pays on ESP32.
+//
+// MUST NOT be called from ISR context: on ESP32 it calls the non-FromISR
+// FreeRTOS API directly, which is undefined behavior in ISR context.
+//
+// Adding new callers requires adding a friend declaration here — that
+// is the review point. Do not relax the access (e.g. by making get()
+// public) without considering the ISR-safety contract.
+//
+// Other platforms currently delegate to the public millis(); the friend
+// gate still enforces the intent so platform-specific fast paths can be
+// added later without changing call sites.
+class MillisInternal {
+ private:
+  static ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t get() {
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) && CONFIG_FREERTOS_HZ == 1000
+    return xTaskGetTickCount();
+#else
+    return millis();
+#endif
+  }
+  friend class Application;
+  friend class WarnIfComponentBlockingGuard;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome
diff --git a/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp b/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
index 3e75a68064..b0eaa670ac 100644
--- a/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/scheduler.cpp
@@ -144,6 +144,19 @@ void HOT Scheduler::set_timer_common_(Component *component, SchedulerItem::Type
     return;
   }
 
+  // An interval of 0 means "fire every tick forever," which is misuse: the
+  // item would always be due, causing Scheduler::call() to spin and starve
+  // the main loop (WDT reset in the field). Coerce to 1ms so existing code
+  // using update_interval=0ms as a pseudo-loop() continues to work at ~1kHz,
+  // and warn so authors can migrate to HighFrequencyLoopRequester which is
+  // the intended mechanism for running fast in the main loop. Zero-delay
+  // timeouts (defer) remain legitimate one-shots and are not affected.
+  if (type == SchedulerItem::INTERVAL && delay == 0) [[unlikely]] {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%s] set_interval(0) would spin main loop - coercing to 1ms (use HighFrequencyLoopRequester)",
+             component ? LOG_STR_ARG(component->get_component_log_str()) : LOG_STR_LITERAL("?"));
+    delay = 1;
+  }
+
   // Take lock early to protect scheduler_item_pool_ access and retry-cancelled check
   LockGuard guard{this->lock_};
 
@@ -520,7 +533,7 @@ void HOT Scheduler::process_defer_queue_slow_path_(uint32_t &now) {
 }
 #endif /* not ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE */
 
-void HOT Scheduler::call(uint32_t now) {
+uint32_t HOT Scheduler::call(uint32_t now) {
 #ifndef ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE
   this->process_defer_queue_(now);
 #endif /* not ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE */
@@ -690,6 +703,9 @@ void HOT Scheduler::call(uint32_t now) {
     this->debug_verify_no_leak_();
   }
 #endif
+  // execute_item_() advances `now` as items fire; return it so the caller
+  // stays monotonic with last_wdt_feed_.
+  return now;
 }
 void HOT Scheduler::process_to_add_slow_path_() {
   LockGuard guard{this->lock_};
diff --git a/esphome/core/scheduler.h b/esphome/core/scheduler.h
index 7634b3bd08..b7e99d4603 100644
--- a/esphome/core/scheduler.h
+++ b/esphome/core/scheduler.h
@@ -129,7 +129,8 @@ class Scheduler {
 
   // Execute all scheduled items that are ready
   // @param now Fresh timestamp from millis() - must not be stale/cached
-  void call(uint32_t now);
+  // @return Timestamp of the last item that ran, or `now` unchanged if none ran.
+  uint32_t call(uint32_t now);
 
   // Move items from to_add_ into the main heap.
   // IMPORTANT: This method should only be called from the main thread (loop task).
@@ -284,8 +285,14 @@ class Scheduler {
   bool cancel_retry_(Component *component, NameType name_type, const char *static_name, uint32_t hash_or_id);
 
   // Extend a 32-bit millis() value to 64-bit. Use when the caller already has a fresh now.
-  // On platforms with native 64-bit time, ignores now and uses millis_64() directly.
-  // On other platforms, extends now to 64-bit using rollover tracking.
+  // On platforms with native 64-bit time (ESP32, Host, Zephyr, RP2040 — see
+  // USE_NATIVE_64BIT_TIME in defines.h), ignores now and uses millis_64() directly, so the
+  // Scheduler always works in 64-bit time regardless of what the caller's 32-bit now came
+  // from. On ESP32 specifically, millis() comes from xTaskGetTickCount while millis_64()
+  // comes from esp_timer — two different clocks — but that is safe because scheduling
+  // compares millis_64 values against millis_64 only, never against millis().
+  // On platforms without native 64-bit time (e.g. ESP8266), extends now to 64-bit using
+  // rollover tracking, so both millis() and scheduling use the same underlying clock.
   uint64_t ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE millis_64_from_(uint32_t now) {
 #ifdef USE_NATIVE_64BIT_TIME
     (void) now;
diff --git a/esphome/core/time.h b/esphome/core/time.h
index ed47432038..0b67b7b3fc 100644
--- a/esphome/core/time.h
+++ b/esphome/core/time.h
@@ -76,8 +76,12 @@ struct ESPTime {
   /// @copydoc strftime(const std::string &format)
   std::string strftime(const char *format);
 
-  /// Check if this ESPTime is valid (all fields in range and year is greater than or equal to 2019)
-  bool is_valid() const { return this->year >= 2019 && this->fields_in_range(); }
+  /// Check if this ESPTime is valid (year >= 2019 and the requested fields are in range).
+  /// @param check_day_of_week validate day_of_week (not always available when constructing from date/time fields)
+  /// @param check_day_of_year validate day_of_year (not always available when constructing from date/time fields)
+  bool is_valid(bool check_day_of_week = true, bool check_day_of_year = true) const {
+    return this->year >= 2019 && this->fields_in_range(check_day_of_week, check_day_of_year);
+  }
 
   /// Check if time fields are in range.
   /// @param check_day_of_week validate day_of_week (not always available when constructing from date/time fields)
diff --git a/esphome/core/util.cpp b/esphome/core/util.cpp
index 996cf8e310..54a7956163 100644
--- a/esphome/core/util.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/util.cpp
@@ -1,28 +1,14 @@
 #include "esphome/core/util.h"
-#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/version.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_API
-#include "esphome/components/api/api_server.h"
-#endif
-
 #ifdef USE_MQTT
 #include "esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.h"
 #endif
 
 namespace esphome {
 
-bool api_is_connected() {
-#ifdef USE_API
-  if (api::global_api_server != nullptr) {
-    return api::global_api_server->is_connected();
-  }
-#endif
-  return false;
-}
-
 bool mqtt_is_connected() {
 #ifdef USE_MQTT
   if (mqtt::global_mqtt_client != nullptr) {
diff --git a/esphome/core/util.h b/esphome/core/util.h
index 1ca0173eab..8f90aa3411 100644
--- a/esphome/core/util.h
+++ b/esphome/core/util.h
@@ -1,10 +1,28 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <string>
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_API
+#include "esphome/components/api/api_server.h"
+#endif
+
 namespace esphome {
 
-/// Return whether the node has at least one client connected to the native API
-bool api_is_connected();
+/// Return whether the node has at least one client connected to the native API.
+///
+/// Inline so that hot-path callers (e.g. component loop() ticks that check connectivity every
+/// iteration) can skip the call8/return pair. With USE_API disabled this trivially returns false
+/// and collapses at compile time.
+#ifdef USE_API
+ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE inline bool api_is_connected() {
+  return api::global_api_server != nullptr && api::global_api_server->is_connected();
+}
+#else
+ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE inline bool api_is_connected() { return false; }
+#endif
 
 /// Return whether the node has an active connection to an MQTT broker
 bool mqtt_is_connected();
diff --git a/esphome/core/wake.cpp b/esphome/core/wake.cpp
index b6b59b5990..cebc4d04b7 100644
--- a/esphome/core/wake.cpp
+++ b/esphome/core/wake.cpp
@@ -12,12 +12,25 @@
 
 namespace esphome {
 
-// === ESP32 — IRAM_ATTR entry points ===
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+// === Wake-requested flag storage ===
+#ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+std::atomic<uint8_t> g_wake_requested{0};
+#else
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+volatile uint8_t g_wake_requested = 0;
+#endif
+
+// === ESP32 / LibreTiny — IRAM_ATTR entry points ===
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
 void IRAM_ATTR wake_loop_isrsafe(BaseType_t *px_higher_priority_task_woken) {
+  // ISR-safe: set flag before notify so the wake is visible on the next gate
+  // check. wake_request_set() is just an aligned 8-bit store / atomic store
+  // and is safe from IRAM.
+  wake_request_set();
   esphome_main_task_notify_from_isr(px_higher_priority_task_woken);
 }
-void IRAM_ATTR wake_loop_any_context() { esphome_main_task_notify_any_context(); }
+void IRAM_ATTR wake_loop_any_context() { wake_main_task_any_context(); }
 #endif
 
 // === ESP8266 / RP2040 ===
@@ -72,6 +85,9 @@ void wakeable_delay(uint32_t ms) {
 // === Host (UDP loopback socket) ===
 #ifdef USE_HOST
 void wake_loop_threadsafe() {
+  // Set flag before sending so the consumer's gate check on the next loop()
+  // entry observes the wake regardless of select() scheduling.
+  wake_request_set();
   if (App.wake_socket_fd_ >= 0) {
     const char dummy = 1;
     ::send(App.wake_socket_fd_, &dummy, 1, 0);
diff --git a/esphome/core/wake.h b/esphome/core/wake.h
index a8c9b7ad08..41b7ab33b5 100644
--- a/esphome/core/wake.h
+++ b/esphome/core/wake.h
@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 
+#ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS
+#include <atomic>
+#endif
+
 #if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
 #include "esphome/core/main_task.h"
 #endif
@@ -25,22 +29,71 @@ namespace esphome {
 extern volatile bool g_main_loop_woke;
 #endif
 
+// === wake_request flag — signals Application::loop() that a producer queued
+// work for some component's loop() to drain (MQTT RX, USB RX, BLE event, etc.)
+// and the component phase should run this tick instead of being held off by
+// the loop_interval_ gate. Set by every wake_loop_* entry point; consumed
+// (via exchange-and-clear) at the gate in Application::loop(). ===
+//
+// std::atomic<uint8_t> rather than std::atomic<bool> because GCC on Xtensa
+// generates an indirect function call for atomic<bool> ops instead of inlining
+// them — same workaround applied in scheduler.h for the SchedulerItem::remove
+// flag. On non-atomic platforms a volatile uint8_t suffices: 8-bit aligned
+// loads/stores are atomic on every supported MCU, and the platform signal
+// that follows wake_request_set() (FreeRTOS task-notify, esp_schedule, socket
+// send) provides the cross-thread/cross-core memory barrier.
+#ifdef ESPHOME_THREAD_MULTI_ATOMICS
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+extern std::atomic<uint8_t> g_wake_requested;
+
+__attribute__((always_inline)) inline void wake_request_set() { g_wake_requested.store(1, std::memory_order_release); }
+__attribute__((always_inline)) inline bool wake_request_take() {
+  return g_wake_requested.exchange(0, std::memory_order_acquire) != 0;
+}
+#else
+// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+extern volatile uint8_t g_wake_requested;
+
+__attribute__((always_inline)) inline void wake_request_set() { g_wake_requested = 1; }
+__attribute__((always_inline)) inline bool wake_request_take() {
+  uint8_t v = g_wake_requested;
+  g_wake_requested = 0;
+  return v != 0;
+}
+#endif
+
 // === ESP32 / LibreTiny (FreeRTOS) ===
 #if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-/// IRAM_ATTR entry point — defined in wake.cpp.
-void wake_loop_isrsafe(BaseType_t *px_higher_priority_task_woken);
-/// IRAM_ATTR entry point — defined in wake.cpp.
-void wake_loop_any_context();
+/// Wake the main loop from any context (ISR or task).
+/// always_inline so callers placed in IRAM keep the whole wake path in IRAM.
+__attribute__((always_inline)) inline void wake_main_task_any_context() {
+  // Set the wake-requested flag BEFORE the task notification so the consumer
+  // (Application::loop() gate) is guaranteed to see it on its next gate check.
+  wake_request_set();
+  if (in_isr_context()) {
+    BaseType_t px_higher_priority_task_woken = pdFALSE;
+    esphome_main_task_notify_from_isr(&px_higher_priority_task_woken);
+#ifdef portYIELD_FROM_ISR
+    portYIELD_FROM_ISR(px_higher_priority_task_woken);
 #else
-/// LibreTiny: IRAM_ATTR is not functional and the FreeRTOS port does not
-/// provide vTaskNotifyGiveFromISR/portYIELD_FROM_ISR, so ISR-safe wake
-/// is not possible. xTaskNotifyGive is used as the best available option.
-inline void wake_loop_any_context() { esphome_main_task_notify(); }
+    // ARM9 FreeRTOS port (BK72xx) does not define portYIELD_FROM_ISR; the IRQ
+    // exit sequence performs the context switch if one was requested.
+    (void) px_higher_priority_task_woken;
 #endif
+  } else {
+    esphome_main_task_notify();
+  }
+}
 
-inline void wake_loop_threadsafe() { esphome_main_task_notify(); }
+/// IRAM_ATTR entry points — defined in wake.cpp.
+void wake_loop_isrsafe(BaseType_t *px_higher_priority_task_woken);
+void wake_loop_any_context();
+
+inline void wake_loop_threadsafe() {
+  wake_request_set();
+  esphome_main_task_notify();
+}
 
 namespace internal {
 inline void wakeable_delay(uint32_t ms) {
@@ -57,6 +110,9 @@ inline void wakeable_delay(uint32_t ms) {
 
 /// Inline implementation — IRAM callers inline this directly.
 inline void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE wake_loop_impl() {
+  // Set the wake-requested flag BEFORE esp_schedule so the consumer is
+  // guaranteed to see it on its next gate check.
+  wake_request_set();
   g_main_loop_woke = true;
   esp_schedule();
 }
@@ -67,6 +123,9 @@ void wake_loop_any_context();
 /// Non-ISR: always inline.
 inline void wake_loop_threadsafe() { wake_loop_impl(); }
 
+/// ISR-safe: no task_woken arg because ESP8266 has no FreeRTOS. Caller must be IRAM_ATTR.
+inline void ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE wake_loop_isrsafe() { wake_loop_impl(); }
+
 namespace internal {
 inline void wakeable_delay(uint32_t ms) {
   if (ms == 0) {
@@ -85,6 +144,9 @@ inline void wakeable_delay(uint32_t ms) {
 #elif defined(USE_RP2040)
 
 inline void wake_loop_any_context() {
+  // Set the wake-requested flag BEFORE the SEV so the consumer is guaranteed
+  // to see it on its next gate check.
+  wake_request_set();
   g_main_loop_woke = true;
   __sev();
 }
diff --git a/esphome/cpp_generator.py b/esphome/cpp_generator.py
index cf90b878e1..c622207dac 100644
--- a/esphome/cpp_generator.py
+++ b/esphome/cpp_generator.py
@@ -606,33 +606,43 @@ def Pvariable(id_: ID, rhs: SafeExpType, type_: "MockObj" = None) -> "MockObj":
     if isinstance(rhs, MockObj) and rhs.is_new_expr:
         # For 'new' allocations, use placement new into static storage
         # to avoid heap fragmentation on embedded devices.
-        the_type = id_.type
+        #
+        # Storage must be sized and aligned for the actual instantiated class,
+        # which may be a subclass of id_.type (e.g. `cv.declare_id(BaseClass)`
+        # combined with `SubClass.new()` — used by ili9xxx, waveshare_epaper,
+        # etc. to select a model-specific constructor). Using id_.type would
+        # run the base-class default constructor instead, silently losing any
+        # subclass initialization. Template args live on the CallExpression
+        # and are re-emitted below.
+        call_expr = rhs.base
+        assert isinstance(call_expr, CallExpression), (
+            f"Expected CallExpression for placement new, got {type(call_expr)}"
+        )
+        actual_type = rhs.new_type if rhs.new_type is not None else id_.type
+        if call_expr.template_args is not None:
+            actual_type = f"{actual_type}{call_expr.template_args}"
+        pointer_type = id_.type
         # Extract component namespace from type for memory analysis attribution
-        component_ns = _extract_component_ns(str(the_type))
+        component_ns = _extract_component_ns(str(actual_type))
         storage_name = f"{component_ns}__{id_.id}__pstorage"
 
         # Declare aligned byte array for the object storage
         CORE.add_global(
             RawStatement(
-                f"alignas({the_type}) static unsigned char {storage_name}[sizeof({the_type})];"
+                f"alignas({actual_type}) static unsigned char {storage_name}[sizeof({actual_type})];"
             )
         )
+        # Pointer declaration uses id_.type to preserve the declared base-class
+        # pointer type for downstream callers (polymorphism through base ptr).
         CORE.add_global(
             AssignmentExpression(
-                f"static {the_type}",
+                f"static {pointer_type}",
                 "*const ",
                 id_,
-                MockObj(f"reinterpret_cast<{the_type} *>({storage_name})"),
+                MockObj(f"reinterpret_cast<{pointer_type} *>({storage_name})"),
             )
         )
-        # Extract args from the CallExpression and rebuild as placement new.
-        # Template args are already encoded in the_type (e.g. GlobalsComponent<int>),
-        # so we only pass the constructor args, not template_args.
-        call_expr = rhs.base
-        assert isinstance(call_expr, CallExpression), (
-            f"Expected CallExpression for placement new, got {type(call_expr)}"
-        )
-        placement_new = CallExpression(f"new({id_.id}) {the_type}", *call_expr.args)
+        placement_new = CallExpression(f"new({id_.id}) {actual_type}", *call_expr.args)
         CORE.add(ExpressionStatement(placement_new))
     else:
         decl = VariableDeclarationExpression(id_.type, "*", id_, static=True)
@@ -869,12 +879,16 @@ class MockObj(Expression):
     Mostly consists of magic methods that allow ESPHome's codegen syntax.
     """
 
-    __slots__ = ("base", "op", "is_new_expr")
+    __slots__ = ("base", "op", "is_new_expr", "new_type")
 
-    def __init__(self, base, op=".", is_new_expr=False) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, base, op=".", is_new_expr=False, new_type=None) -> None:
         self.base = base
         self.op = op
         self.is_new_expr = is_new_expr
+        # For `is_new_expr=True` objects, `new_type` holds the class name being
+        # constructed (e.g. "ili9xxx::ILI9XXXST7789V"). Needed by Pvariable so
+        # placement new uses the actual subclass rather than id_.type.
+        self.new_type = new_type
 
     def __getattr__(self, attr: str) -> "MockObj":
         # prevent python dunder methods being replaced by mock objects
@@ -889,7 +903,9 @@ class MockObj(Expression):
 
     def __call__(self, *args: SafeExpType) -> "MockObj":
         call = CallExpression(self.base, *args)
-        return MockObj(call, self.op, is_new_expr=self.is_new_expr)
+        return MockObj(
+            call, self.op, is_new_expr=self.is_new_expr, new_type=self.new_type
+        )
 
     def __str__(self):
         return str(self.base)
@@ -903,7 +919,7 @@ class MockObj(Expression):
 
     @property
     def new(self) -> "MockObj":
-        return MockObj(f"new {self.base}", "->", is_new_expr=True)
+        return MockObj(f"new {self.base}", "->", is_new_expr=True, new_type=self.base)
 
     def template(self, *args: SafeExpType) -> "MockObj":
         """Apply template parameters to this object."""
diff --git a/esphome/external_files.py b/esphome/external_files.py
index 18b68fba08..55711e1b79 100644
--- a/esphome/external_files.py
+++ b/esphome/external_files.py
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ def download_content(url: str, path: Path, timeout=NETWORK_TIMEOUT) -> bytes:
                 e,
             )
             return path.read_bytes()
-        raise cv.Invalid(f"Could not download from {url}: {e}")
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"Could not download from {url}: {e}") from e
 
     path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
     data = req.content
diff --git a/esphome/idf_component.yml b/esphome/idf_component.yml
index f4e3e751ec..3637481c92 100644
--- a/esphome/idf_component.yml
+++ b/esphome/idf_component.yml
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ dependencies:
     version: "7.4.2"
   esphome/esp-audio-libs:
     version: 2.0.4
+  esphome/esp-micro-speech-features:
+    version: 1.2.3
   esphome/micro-decoder:
     version: 0.1.1
   esphome/micro-flac:
diff --git a/esphome/voluptuous_schema.py b/esphome/voluptuous_schema.py
index 0703c54a7a..904963ba4e 100644
--- a/esphome/voluptuous_schema.py
+++ b/esphome/voluptuous_schema.py
@@ -39,8 +39,7 @@ class _Schema(vol.Schema):
             try:
                 res = extra(res)
             except vol.Invalid as err:
-                # pylint: disable=raise-missing-from
-                raise ensure_multiple_invalid(err)
+                raise ensure_multiple_invalid(err) from err
         return res
 
     def _compile_mapping(self, schema, invalid_msg=None):
diff --git a/esphome/writer.py b/esphome/writer.py
index 06a2230118..787ecac6f6 100644
--- a/esphome/writer.py
+++ b/esphome/writer.py
@@ -171,6 +171,7 @@ VERSION_H_FORMAT = """\
 DEFINES_H_TARGET = "esphome/core/defines.h"
 VERSION_H_TARGET = "esphome/core/version.h"
 BUILD_INFO_DATA_H_TARGET = "esphome/core/build_info_data.h"
+ENTITY_TYPES_H_TARGET = "esphome/core/entity_types.h"
 ESPHOME_README_TXT = """
 THIS DIRECTORY IS AUTO-GENERATED, DO NOT MODIFY
 
@@ -196,9 +197,12 @@ def copy_src_tree():
     source_files_l.sort()
 
     # Build #include list for esphome.h
+    # X-macro files are included multiple times with different macro definitions
+    # and must not be included bare in esphome.h
+    esphome_h_exclude = {Path(ENTITY_TYPES_H_TARGET)}
     include_l = []
     for target, _ in source_files_l:
-        if target.suffix in HEADER_FILE_EXTENSIONS:
+        if target.suffix in HEADER_FILE_EXTENSIONS and target not in esphome_h_exclude:
             include_l.append(f'#include "{target}"')
     include_l.append("")
     include_s = "\n".join(include_l)
diff --git a/esphome/yaml_util.py b/esphome/yaml_util.py
index 59d851c02e..42da27ec14 100644
--- a/esphome/yaml_util.py
+++ b/esphome/yaml_util.py
@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ _SECRET_VALUES = {}
 # Not thread-safe — config processing is single-threaded today.
 _load_listeners: list[Callable[[Path], None]] = []
 
+DocumentPath = list[str | int]
+
 
 @contextmanager
 def track_yaml_loads() -> Generator[list[Path]]:
@@ -338,10 +340,9 @@ class ESPHomeLoaderMixin:
                 try:
                     hash(key)
                 except TypeError:
-                    # pylint: disable=raise-missing-from
                     raise yaml.constructor.ConstructorError(
                         f'Invalid key "{key}" (not hashable)', key_node.start_mark
-                    )
+                    ) from None
 
                 key = make_data_base(str(key))
                 key.from_node(key_node)
@@ -680,6 +681,123 @@ def is_secret(value):
         return None
 
 
+def _path_doc(item: Any) -> str | None:
+    """Return the source document name if *item* carries location info."""
+    if isinstance(item, ESPHomeDataBase) and (r := item.esp_range) is not None:
+        return r.start_mark.document
+    return None
+
+
+def _fmt_mark(loc: Any) -> str:
+    """Render a DocumentLocation as a 1-based 'file line:col' string."""
+    return f"{loc.document} {loc.line + 1}:{loc.column + 1}"
+
+
+def _obj_loc(obj: Any) -> str:
+    """Return formatted source location for *obj*, or '' if it has none."""
+    if isinstance(obj, ESPHomeDataBase) and (r := obj.esp_range) is not None:
+        return _fmt_mark(r.start_mark)
+    return ""
+
+
+def _fmt_segment(seg: list) -> str:
+    """Format a path segment, rendering integers as [n] subscripts."""
+    parts: list[str] = []
+    for item in seg:
+        if isinstance(item, int):
+            if parts:
+                parts[-1] = f"{parts[-1]}[{item}]"
+            else:
+                parts.append(f"[{item}]")
+        else:
+            parts.append(str(item))
+    return "->".join(parts)
+
+
+def _split_into_frames(
+    path: DocumentPath,
+) -> list[tuple[list, str]]:
+    """Group *path* into per-file frames at include boundaries.
+
+    A "frame" is the slice of the path that belongs to one source document.
+    Each path item is either:
+
+      * a **located key** — has an ``ESPHomeDataBase`` source mark; this is
+        what tells us which document owns the surrounding keys.
+      * an **integer** — a list subscript; always attaches to the open frame
+        (renders as ``foo[3]`` on the previous name).
+      * an **unlocated string** — a key with no source mark (e.g. constants
+        like ``CONF_PACKAGES``); it describes the parent of the *next* file,
+        so it migrates to the next frame when the document changes.
+
+    Returns a list of ``(items, "file line:col")`` tuples in walk order
+    (outermost frame first).
+    """
+    frames: list[tuple[list, str]] = []
+    open_frame: list = []
+    next_frame_keys: list = []  # unlocated strings buffered for the next frame
+    open_doc: str | None = None
+    open_loc = ""
+
+    for item in path:
+        doc = _path_doc(item)
+        if doc is None:
+            # Ints subscript the open frame's last name; everything else
+            # (strings, or leading ints with no open frame) is buffered for
+            # the next frame.
+            if isinstance(item, int) and open_doc is not None:
+                open_frame.append(item)
+            else:
+                next_frame_keys.append(item)
+            continue
+        if open_doc is not None and doc != open_doc:
+            # Crossed an include boundary: close the open frame.
+            frames.append((open_frame, open_loc))
+            open_frame = []
+        open_frame.extend(next_frame_keys)
+        next_frame_keys.clear()
+        open_frame.append(item)
+        open_doc = doc
+        open_loc = _fmt_mark(item.esp_range.start_mark)
+
+    if open_doc is not None:
+        # Trailing buffered keys belong to the innermost (last) frame.
+        open_frame.extend(next_frame_keys)
+        frames.append((open_frame, open_loc))
+    return frames
+
+
+def format_path(path: DocumentPath, current_obj: Any) -> str:
+    """Build a human-readable include stack from a config path.
+
+    Each YAML key in *path* that carries an ``ESPHomeDataBase`` ``esp_range``
+    reveals which file it came from.  When the source document changes between
+    consecutive such keys, that is an include boundary.  The path is split
+    into per-file frames and formatted innermost-first, e.g.::
+
+        In: packages->roam in common/package/wifi.yaml 26:10
+          Included from packages->net in common/hardware.yaml 44:2
+          Included from packages->device in my_project.yaml 11:2
+
+    The innermost ``In:`` line uses the location from *current_obj* when
+    available (the value that triggered the error) for extra precision.
+    """
+    frames = _split_into_frames(path)
+    obj_loc = _obj_loc(current_obj)
+
+    if not frames:
+        # No source info anywhere in the path: render as a flat path,
+        # using current_obj's location if it happens to have one.
+        suffix = f" in {obj_loc}" if obj_loc else ""
+        return f"In: {_fmt_segment(path)}{suffix}"
+
+    inner_seg, inner_loc = frames[-1]
+    lines = [f"In: {_fmt_segment(inner_seg)} in {obj_loc or inner_loc}"]
+    for seg, loc in reversed(frames[:-1]):
+        lines.append(f"  Included from {_fmt_segment(seg)} in {loc}")
+    return "\n".join(lines)
+
+
 class ESPHomeDumper(yaml.SafeDumper):
     def represent_mapping(self, tag, mapping, flow_style=None):
         value = []
diff --git a/platformio.ini b/platformio.ini
index 3897db83e1..d7b14944e4 100644
--- a/platformio.ini
+++ b/platformio.ini
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ lib_deps =
     ESP8266HTTPClient                     ; http_request (Arduino built-in)
     ESP8266mDNS                           ; mdns (Arduino built-in)
     DNSServer                             ; captive_portal (Arduino built-in)
-    droscy/esp_wireguard@0.4.4            ; wireguard
+    droscy/esp_wireguard@0.4.5            ; wireguard
     lvgl/lvgl@9.5.0                       ; lvgl
 
 build_flags =
@@ -154,8 +154,7 @@ lib_deps =
     DNSServer                            ; captive_portal (Arduino built-in)
     makuna/NeoPixelBus@2.8.0             ; neopixelbus
     esphome/ESP32-audioI2S@2.3.0         ; i2s_audio
-    droscy/esp_wireguard@0.4.4           ; wireguard
-    kahrendt/ESPMicroSpeechFeatures@1.1.0  ; micro_wake_word
+    droscy/esp_wireguard@0.4.5           ; wireguard
 
 build_flags =
     ${common:arduino.build_flags}
@@ -176,8 +175,7 @@ platform_packages =
 framework = espidf
 lib_deps =
     ${common:idf.lib_deps}
-    droscy/esp_wireguard@0.4.4              ; wireguard
-    kahrendt/ESPMicroSpeechFeatures@1.1.0   ; micro_wake_word
+    droscy/esp_wireguard@0.4.5              ; wireguard
     tonia/HeatpumpIR@1.0.41                 ; heatpumpir
 build_flags =
     ${common:idf.build_flags}
@@ -221,7 +219,7 @@ lib_compat_mode = soft
 lib_deps =
     bblanchon/ArduinoJson@7.4.2           ; json
     ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer@3.9.6    ; web_server_base
-    droscy/esp_wireguard@0.4.4            ; wireguard
+    droscy/esp_wireguard@0.4.5            ; wireguard
     lvgl/lvgl@9.5.0                       ; lvgl
 build_flags =
     ${common:arduino.build_flags}
diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index cd3aa5bd86..90f06eff98 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@ colorama==0.4.6
 icmplib==3.0.4
 tornado==6.5.5
 tzlocal==5.3.1    # from time
-tzdata>=2021.1  # from time
+tzdata>=2026.1  # from time
 pyserial==3.5
 platformio==6.1.19
 esptool==5.2.0
 click==8.3.2
 esphome-dashboard==20260408.1
-aioesphomeapi==44.15.0
+aioesphomeapi==44.18.0
 zeroconf==0.148.0
 puremagic==1.30
 ruamel.yaml==0.19.1 # dashboard_import
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ smpclient==6.0.0
 requests==2.33.1
 
 # esp-idf >= 5.0 requires this
-pyparsing >= 3.0
+pyparsing >= 3.3.2
 
 # For autocompletion
 argcomplete>=2.0.0
diff --git a/requirements_test.txt b/requirements_test.txt
index 18d0461e83..bb98375cb6 100644
--- a/requirements_test.txt
+++ b/requirements_test.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 pylint==4.0.5
 flake8==7.3.0  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
-ruff==0.15.10  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
+ruff==0.15.11  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
 pyupgrade==3.21.2  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
 pre-commit
 
diff --git a/script/ci-custom.py b/script/ci-custom.py
index 1ec3eab3a9..02ec08bc31 100755
--- a/script/ci-custom.py
+++ b/script/ci-custom.py
@@ -672,7 +672,7 @@ def lint_using_esp_idf_deprecated(fname, line, col, content):
     )
 
 
-@lint_content_check(include=["*.h"])
+@lint_content_check(include=["*.h"], exclude=["esphome/core/entity_types.h"])
 def lint_pragma_once(fname, content):
     if "#pragma once" not in content:
         return (
@@ -722,18 +722,22 @@ def lint_trailing_whitespace(fname, match):
 # Heap-allocating helpers that cause fragmentation on long-running embedded devices.
 # These return std::string and should be replaced with stack-based alternatives.
 HEAP_ALLOCATING_HELPERS = {
+    "base64_encode": "base64_encode_to() with a pre-allocated buffer",
     "format_bin": "format_bin_to() with a stack buffer",
     "format_hex": "format_hex_to() with a stack buffer",
     "format_hex_pretty": "format_hex_pretty_to() with a stack buffer",
     "format_mac_address_pretty": "format_mac_addr_upper() with a stack buffer",
     "get_mac_address": "get_mac_address_into_buffer() with a stack buffer",
     "get_mac_address_pretty": "get_mac_address_pretty_into_buffer() with a stack buffer",
+    "str_lower_case": "manual tolower() with a stack buffer",
     "str_sanitize": "str_sanitize_to() with a stack buffer",
     "str_truncate": "removal (function is unused)",
+    "str_until": "manual strchr()/find() with a StringRef or stack buffer",
     "str_upper_case": "removal (function is unused)",
     "str_snake_case": "removal (function is unused)",
     "str_sprintf": "snprintf() with a stack buffer",
     "str_snprintf": "snprintf() with a stack buffer",
+    "value_accuracy_to_string": "value_accuracy_to_buf() with a stack buffer",
 }
 
 
@@ -743,24 +747,33 @@ HEAP_ALLOCATING_HELPERS = {
     # get_mac_address(?!_) ensures we don't match get_mac_address_into_buffer, etc.
     # CPP_RE_EOL captures rest of line so NOLINT comments are detected
     r"[^\w]("
+    r"base64_encode(?!_)|"
     r"format_bin(?!_)|"
     r"format_hex(?!_)|"
     r"format_hex_pretty(?!_)|"
     r"format_mac_address_pretty|"
     r"get_mac_address_pretty(?!_)|"
     r"get_mac_address(?!_)|"
+    r"str_lower_case|"
     r"str_sanitize(?!_)|"
     r"str_truncate|"
+    r"str_until|"
     r"str_upper_case|"
     r"str_snake_case|"
     r"str_sprintf|"
-    r"str_snprintf"
+    r"str_snprintf|"
+    r"value_accuracy_to_string"
     r")\s*\(" + CPP_RE_EOL,
     include=cpp_include,
     exclude=[
         # The definitions themselves
+        "esphome/core/alloc_helpers.h",
+        "esphome/core/alloc_helpers.cpp",
+        # Backward compatibility re-exports (remove before 2026.11.0)
         "esphome/core/helpers.h",
         "esphome/core/helpers.cpp",
+        # Vendored third-party library
+        "esphome/components/http_request/httplib.h",
     ],
 )
 def lint_no_heap_allocating_helpers(fname, match):
@@ -812,6 +825,7 @@ def lint_no_sprintf(fname, match):
         "esphome/components/http_request/httplib.h",
         # Deprecated helpers that return std::string
         "esphome/core/helpers.cpp",
+        "esphome/core/alloc_helpers.cpp",
         # The using declaration itself
         "esphome/core/helpers.h",
         # Test fixtures - not production embedded code
diff --git a/script/helpers.py b/script/helpers.py
index c9c550d889..7a6d7ecef6 100644
--- a/script/helpers.py
+++ b/script/helpers.py
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import ast
 from collections.abc import Callable
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from functools import cache
 import hashlib
 import json
@@ -139,6 +141,109 @@ def get_component_test_files(
     return list(tests_dir.glob("test.*.yaml"))
 
 
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class ComponentMetadata:
+    """Statically-parsed AUTO_LOAD and CONFLICTS_WITH declarations."""
+
+    auto_load: frozenset[str] = field(default_factory=frozenset)
+    conflicts_with: frozenset[str] = field(default_factory=frozenset)
+
+
+@cache
+def parse_component_metadata(name: str) -> ComponentMetadata:
+    """Return the AUTO_LOAD / CONFLICTS_WITH declarations for a component.
+
+    Parses the component's ``esphome/components/<name>/__init__.py`` statically.
+    Callable forms (``def AUTO_LOAD():``) require runtime imports and are
+    reported as empty -- safe for conflict detection since they cannot be
+    evaluated without executing the module.
+    """
+    init_file = Path(root_path) / ESPHOME_COMPONENTS_PATH / name / "__init__.py"
+    if not init_file.exists():
+        return ComponentMetadata()
+    try:
+        tree = ast.parse(init_file.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+    except (OSError, SyntaxError, UnicodeError):
+        return ComponentMetadata()
+    fields: dict[str, frozenset[str]] = {
+        "AUTO_LOAD": frozenset(),
+        "CONFLICTS_WITH": frozenset(),
+    }
+    for node in tree.body:
+        if not isinstance(node, ast.Assign) or not isinstance(node.value, ast.List):
+            continue
+        for target in node.targets:
+            if not isinstance(target, ast.Name) or target.id not in fields:
+                continue
+            fields[target.id] = frozenset(
+                e.value
+                for e in node.value.elts
+                if isinstance(e, ast.Constant) and isinstance(e.value, str)
+            )
+    return ComponentMetadata(
+        auto_load=fields["AUTO_LOAD"],
+        conflicts_with=fields["CONFLICTS_WITH"],
+    )
+
+
+@dataclass
+class _ConflictWalk:
+    loaded: set[str]
+    rejects: set[str]
+
+
+def split_conflicting_groups(
+    grouped_components: dict[tuple[str, str], list[str]],
+) -> dict[tuple[str, str], list[str]]:
+    """Split groups so components declaring mutual CONFLICTS_WITH end up in separate builds.
+
+    A conflict propagates through AUTO_LOAD: if X declares CONFLICTS_WITH=[Y]
+    and Z auto-loads Y, then X and Z conflict (e.g. bme680_bsec vs.
+    bme68x_bsec2_i2c which auto-loads bme68x_bsec2). Only components that
+    appear in the batch (and their AUTO_LOAD closures) are parsed. The
+    conflict relation is treated as symmetric even when only one side
+    declares it (e.g. ethernet rejects wifi but wifi does not declare the
+    reverse).
+    """
+    batch = {c for comps in grouped_components.values() for c in comps}
+
+    walks: dict[str, _ConflictWalk] = {}
+    for comp in batch:
+        walk = _ConflictWalk(loaded={comp}, rejects=set())
+        stack = [comp]
+        while stack:
+            metadata = parse_component_metadata(stack.pop())
+            walk.rejects |= metadata.conflicts_with
+            new = metadata.auto_load - walk.loaded
+            walk.loaded |= new
+            stack.extend(new)
+        walks[comp] = walk
+
+    def conflicts(a: str, b: str) -> bool:
+        wa, wb = walks[a], walks[b]
+        return not wa.rejects.isdisjoint(wb.loaded) or not wb.rejects.isdisjoint(
+            wa.loaded
+        )
+
+    result: dict[tuple[str, str], list[str]] = {}
+    for (platform, signature), components in grouped_components.items():
+        buckets: list[list[str]] = []
+        for comp in components:
+            for bucket in buckets:
+                if not any(conflicts(comp, other) for other in bucket):
+                    bucket.append(comp)
+                    break
+            else:
+                buckets.append([comp])
+        if len(buckets) == 1:
+            result[(platform, signature)] = buckets[0]
+            continue
+        for index, bucket in enumerate(buckets):
+            key = signature if index == 0 else f"{signature}__conflict{index}"
+            result[(platform, key)] = bucket
+    return result
+
+
 def styled(color: str | tuple[str, ...], msg: str, reset: bool = True) -> str:
     prefix = "".join(color) if isinstance(color, tuple) else color
     suffix = colorama.Style.RESET_ALL if reset else ""
@@ -174,7 +279,12 @@ def build_all_include(header_files: list[str] | None = None) -> None:
             if line
         ]
 
-    headers = [f'#include "{h}"' for h in header_files]
+    from esphome.writer import ENTITY_TYPES_H_TARGET
+
+    # X-macro files are included multiple times with different macro definitions
+    # and must not be included bare in the all-include header
+    exclude = {ENTITY_TYPES_H_TARGET}
+    headers = [f'#include "{h}"' for h in header_files if h not in exclude]
     headers.sort()
     headers.append("")
     content = "\n".join(headers)
diff --git a/script/split_components_for_ci.py b/script/split_components_for_ci.py
index 65d09efb9b..d95cdcbe81 100755
--- a/script/split_components_for_ci.py
+++ b/script/split_components_for_ci.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ from script.analyze_component_buses import (
     create_grouping_signature,
     merge_compatible_bus_groups,
 )
-from script.helpers import get_component_test_files
+from script.helpers import get_component_test_files, split_conflicting_groups
 
 # Weighting for batch creation
 # Isolated components can't be grouped/merged, so they count as 10x
@@ -145,6 +145,11 @@ def create_intelligent_batches(
     # improving the efficiency of test_build_components.py grouping
     signature_groups = merge_compatible_bus_groups(signature_groups)
 
+    # Split groups containing mutually-incompatible components (CONFLICTS_WITH).
+    # Without this, batch weighting assumes the group is one build when it will
+    # actually be split into two at build time -- throwing off CI distribution.
+    signature_groups = split_conflicting_groups(signature_groups)
+
     # Create batches by keeping signature groups together
     # Components with the same signature stay in the same batches
     batches = []
diff --git a/script/stress_test_connect.py b/script/stress_test_connect.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f91a7e8f99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/stress_test_connect.py
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+"""Rapid connect/disconnect stress test for ESPHome native API."""
+
+import asyncio
+import sys
+import time
+
+from aioesphomeapi import APIClient
+
+HOST = "192.168.1.100"
+PORT = 6053
+PASSWORD = ""
+NOISE_PSK = None
+ITERATIONS = 500
+CONCURRENCY = 4  # simultaneous connection attempts
+
+
+async def connect_disconnect(client_id: int, iteration: int) -> tuple[int, bool, str]:
+    """Connect and immediately disconnect."""
+    cli = APIClient(HOST, PORT, PASSWORD, noise_psk=NOISE_PSK)
+    try:
+        await asyncio.wait_for(cli.connect(login=True), timeout=10)
+        await cli.disconnect()
+        return iteration, True, ""
+    except Exception as e:
+        return (
+            iteration,
+            False,
+            f"client{client_id} iter{iteration}: {type(e).__name__}: {e}",
+        )
+    finally:
+        await cli.disconnect(force=True)
+
+
+async def main() -> None:
+    iterations = int(sys.argv[1]) if len(sys.argv) > 1 else ITERATIONS
+    concurrency = int(sys.argv[2]) if len(sys.argv) > 2 else CONCURRENCY
+
+    print(f"Stress testing {HOST}:{PORT}")
+    print(f"Iterations: {iterations}, Concurrency: {concurrency}")
+    print()
+
+    success = 0
+    fail = 0
+    errors: list[str] = []
+    start = time.monotonic()
+
+    sem = asyncio.Semaphore(concurrency)
+
+    async def run(client_id: int, iteration: int) -> tuple[int, bool, str]:
+        async with sem:
+            return await connect_disconnect(client_id, iteration)
+
+    tasks = [asyncio.create_task(run(i % concurrency, i)) for i in range(iterations)]
+
+    for coro in asyncio.as_completed(tasks):
+        iteration, ok, err = await coro
+        if ok:
+            success += 1
+        else:
+            fail += 1
+            errors.append(err)
+        total = success + fail
+        if total % 10 == 0 or not ok:
+            elapsed = time.monotonic() - start
+            rate = total / elapsed if elapsed > 0 else 0
+            print(f"[{total}/{iterations}] ok={success} fail={fail} ({rate:.1f}/s)")
+            if err:
+                print(f"  ERROR: {err}")
+
+    elapsed = time.monotonic() - start
+    print()
+    print(f"Done in {elapsed:.1f}s")
+    print(f"Success: {success}, Failed: {fail}, Rate: {iterations / elapsed:.1f}/s")
+
+    if errors:
+        print("\nLast 10 errors:")
+        for e in errors[-10:]:
+            print(f"  {e}")
+
+    sys.exit(1 if fail > 0 else 0)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    asyncio.run(main())
diff --git a/script/test_build_components.py b/script/test_build_components.py
index e369b0364e..82d05f78b2 100755
--- a/script/test_build_components.py
+++ b/script/test_build_components.py
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ from script.analyze_component_buses import (
     merge_compatible_bus_groups,
     uses_local_file_references,
 )
-from script.helpers import get_component_test_files
+from script.helpers import get_component_test_files, split_conflicting_groups
 from script.merge_component_configs import merge_component_configs
 
 
@@ -675,6 +675,13 @@ def run_grouped_component_tests(
     # as long as they don't have conflicting configurations for the same bus type
     grouped_components = merge_compatible_bus_groups(grouped_components)
 
+    # Split groups that contain components declaring CONFLICTS_WITH each other.
+    # The bus-level merge above only considers shared bus configs; components
+    # with the same bus signature (e.g. both I2C) can still be mutually
+    # incompatible (e.g. bme680_bsec vs. bme68x_bsec2_i2c which auto-loads
+    # bme68x_bsec2). Those must end up in separate builds.
+    grouped_components = split_conflicting_groups(grouped_components)
+
     # Print detailed grouping plan
     print("\nGrouping Plan:")
     print("-" * 80)
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/esp32/test_esp32.py b/tests/component_tests/esp32/test_esp32.py
index bd4f9828ce..ac492e2752 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/esp32/test_esp32.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/esp32/test_esp32.py
@@ -8,10 +8,16 @@ from typing import Any
 
 import pytest
 
-from esphome.components.esp32 import VARIANTS
-from esphome.components.esp32.const import KEY_ESP32, KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS
+from esphome.components.esp32 import VARIANT_ESP32, VARIANTS
+from esphome.components.esp32.const import KEY_ESP32, KEY_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS, KEY_VARIANT
+from esphome.components.esp32.gpio import validate_gpio_pin
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ESPHOME, PlatformFramework
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ESPHOME,
+    CONF_IGNORE_PIN_VALIDATION_ERROR,
+    CONF_NUMBER,
+    PlatformFramework,
+)
 from esphome.core import CORE
 from tests.component_tests.types import SetCoreConfigCallable
 
@@ -149,6 +155,73 @@ def test_execute_from_psram_p4_sdkconfig(
     assert "CONFIG_SPIRAM_RODATA" not in sdkconfig
 
 
+def test_ignore_pin_validation_error_on_clean_pin_warns(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A pin that passes validation but sets `ignore_pin_validation_error: true`
+    should log a warning nudging the user to remove the flag, and not raise."""
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF, platform_data={KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32}
+    )
+
+    pin = {CONF_NUMBER: 4, CONF_IGNORE_PIN_VALIDATION_ERROR: True}
+    with caplog.at_level("WARNING"):
+        result = validate_gpio_pin(pin)
+
+    assert result[CONF_NUMBER] == 4
+    assert "GPIO4 has no validation errors to ignore" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_ignore_pin_validation_error_on_dirty_pin_suppresses(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A pin that fails validation with `ignore_pin_validation_error: true` should
+    log the suppression warning and not raise (existing behavior)."""
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF, platform_data={KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32}
+    )
+
+    # GPIO6 is a flash pin on ESP32 -> pin_validation raises cv.Invalid
+    pin = {CONF_NUMBER: 6, CONF_IGNORE_PIN_VALIDATION_ERROR: True}
+    with caplog.at_level("WARNING"):
+        result = validate_gpio_pin(pin)
+
+    assert result[CONF_NUMBER] == 6
+    assert "Ignoring validation error on pin 6" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_dirty_pin_without_ignore_flag_raises(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """A pin that fails validation without the ignore flag should still raise."""
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF, platform_data={KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32}
+    )
+
+    pin = {CONF_NUMBER: 6, CONF_IGNORE_PIN_VALIDATION_ERROR: False}
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="flash interface"):
+        validate_gpio_pin(pin)
+
+
+def test_clean_pin_without_ignore_flag_does_not_warn(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """A clean pin without the ignore flag should pass silently."""
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF, platform_data={KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32}
+    )
+
+    pin = {CONF_NUMBER: 4, CONF_IGNORE_PIN_VALIDATION_ERROR: False}
+    with caplog.at_level("WARNING"):
+        result = validate_gpio_pin(pin)
+
+    assert result[CONF_NUMBER] == 4
+    assert "has no validation errors to ignore" not in caplog.text
+
+
 def test_execute_from_psram_disabled_sdkconfig(
     generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
     component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ili9xxx/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/ili9xxx/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ili9xxx/config/ili9xxx_test.yaml b/tests/component_tests/ili9xxx/config/ili9xxx_test.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bc6148b8d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/ili9xxx/config/ili9xxx_test.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+esp32:
+  board: esp32dev
+  framework:
+    type: arduino
+
+spi:
+  clk_pin: GPIO18
+  mosi_pin: GPIO23
+
+display:
+  - platform: ili9xxx
+    id: tft_display
+    model: ST7789V
+    cs_pin: GPIO5
+    dc_pin: GPIO17
+    reset_pin: GPIO16
+    invert_colors: false
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/ili9xxx/test_ili9xxx.py b/tests/component_tests/ili9xxx/test_ili9xxx.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3919eb3823
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/ili9xxx/test_ili9xxx.py
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+"""Tests for the ili9xxx component."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+
+
+def test_ili9xxx_placement_new_uses_model_subclass(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    """Regression test for ili9xxx picking the right constructor under placement new.
+
+    ili9xxx declares the ID as the base ``ILI9XXXDisplay`` but constructs a
+    model-specific subclass (e.g. ``ILI9XXXST7789V``) via ``MODELS[...].new()``.
+    Pvariable must emit placement new for the subclass — otherwise the base
+    default constructor runs and the panel is left with a null init sequence
+    and 0x0 dimensions, producing a silent blank screen.
+    """
+    main_cpp = generate_main(component_config_path("ili9xxx_test.yaml"))
+
+    # Storage is sized for the subclass so the full object fits.
+    assert "sizeof(ili9xxx::ILI9XXXST7789V)" in main_cpp
+    assert "alignas(ili9xxx::ILI9XXXST7789V)" in main_cpp
+    # Pointer is declared as the base type for polymorphism.
+    assert "static ili9xxx::ILI9XXXDisplay *const tft_display" in main_cpp
+    # Placement new runs the subclass constructor — this is the actual regression fix.
+    assert "new(tft_display) ili9xxx::ILI9XXXST7789V()" in main_cpp
+    # Base-class default constructor must NOT be used.
+    assert "new(tft_display) ili9xxx::ILI9XXXDisplay()" not in main_cpp
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/mipi_dsi/test_mipi_dsi_config.py b/tests/component_tests/mipi_dsi/test_mipi_dsi_config.py
index 119bbf7fea..955e945526 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/mipi_dsi/test_mipi_dsi_config.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/mipi_dsi/test_mipi_dsi_config.py
@@ -7,6 +7,11 @@ import pytest
 
 from esphome import config_validation as cv
 from esphome.components.esp32 import KEY_BOARD, VARIANT_ESP32P4
+
+# Importing xl9535 registers its pin schema with pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY so that
+# models (e.g. SEEED-RETERMINAL-D1001) that reference xl9535-backed pins in their
+# defaults can be validated by the mipi_dsi CONFIG_SCHEMA in this test.
+import esphome.components.xl9535  # noqa: F401
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_DIMENSIONS,
     CONF_HEIGHT,
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/mipi_spi/test_final_validate.py b/tests/component_tests/mipi_spi/test_final_validate.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8c45b47752
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/mipi_spi/test_final_validate.py
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+"""Tests for the _final_validate buffer size calculation in mipi_spi."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any
+
+import pytest
+
+from esphome.components.display import CONF_SHOW_TEST_CARD
+from esphome.components.esp32 import KEY_BOARD, KEY_VARIANT, VARIANT_ESP32
+from esphome.components.mipi_spi.display import CONFIG_SCHEMA, FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA
+from esphome.const import CONF_BUFFER_SIZE, PlatformFramework
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+from tests.component_tests.types import SetCoreConfigCallable
+
+
+def _validated(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Run the component config schema followed by the final validation."""
+    config = CONFIG_SCHEMA(config)
+    FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA(config)
+    return config
+
+
+def _custom_config(
+    width: int,
+    height: int,
+    color_depth: str | int | None = None,
+    **extra: Any,
+) -> ConfigType:
+    """Build a minimal valid custom-model config with the given dimensions."""
+    config: ConfigType = {
+        "model": "custom",
+        "dc_pin": 18,
+        "dimensions": {"width": width, "height": height},
+        "init_sequence": [[0xA0, 0x01]],
+    }
+    if color_depth is not None:
+        config["color_depth"] = color_depth
+    config.update(extra)
+    return config
+
+
+# The auto buffer-size selection inside _final_validate targets ~20 kB of
+# pixel buffer. For a buffer of ``depth_bytes * width * height``, it picks the
+# smallest integer ``x`` in range(2, 8) such that
+# ``min(20000, buffer // 4) / buffer >= 1 / x`` (falling back to ``x = 8``).
+# The test cases below cover the full range of possible outcomes (1/4 .. 1/8).
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("width", "height", "color_depth", "expected"),
+    [
+        # 16-bit color depth -- buffer = 2 * width * height
+        # 128*160*2 = 40960 B -> fraction = 10240/40960 = 0.25 -> x = 4
+        pytest.param(128, 160, "16bit", 1.0 / 4, id="16bit_tiny"),
+        # 200*224*2 = 89600 B -> fraction = 20000/89600 ≈ 0.2232 -> x = 5
+        pytest.param(200, 224, "16bit", 1.0 / 5, id="16bit_small"),
+        # 240*224*2 = 107520 B -> fraction ≈ 0.1860 -> x = 6
+        pytest.param(240, 224, "16bit", 1.0 / 6, id="16bit_medium"),
+        # 200*320*2 = 128000 B -> fraction = 0.15625 -> x = 7
+        pytest.param(200, 320, "16bit", 1.0 / 7, id="16bit_large"),
+        # 240*320*2 = 153600 B -> fraction ≈ 0.1302 -> default x = 8
+        pytest.param(240, 320, "16bit", 1.0 / 8, id="16bit_xlarge"),
+        # 320*480*2 = 307200 B -> fraction ≈ 0.0651 -> default x = 8
+        pytest.param(320, 480, "16bit", 1.0 / 8, id="16bit_huge"),
+        # 8-bit color depth -- buffer = width * height
+        # 320*240 = 76800 B -> fraction = 19200/76800 = 0.25 -> x = 4
+        pytest.param(320, 240, "8bit", 1.0 / 4, id="8bit_tiny"),
+        # 400*224 = 89600 B -> fraction ≈ 0.2232 -> x = 5
+        pytest.param(400, 224, "8bit", 1.0 / 5, id="8bit_small"),
+        # 480*224 = 107520 B -> fraction ≈ 0.1860 -> x = 6
+        pytest.param(480, 224, "8bit", 1.0 / 6, id="8bit_medium"),
+        # 400*320 = 128000 B -> fraction = 0.15625 -> x = 7
+        pytest.param(400, 320, "8bit", 1.0 / 7, id="8bit_large"),
+        # 480*320 = 153600 B -> fraction ≈ 0.1302 -> default x = 8
+        pytest.param(480, 320, "8bit", 1.0 / 8, id="8bit_xlarge"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_buffer_size_auto_selected(
+    width: int,
+    height: int,
+    color_depth: str,
+    expected: float,
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """Without PSRAM or an explicit buffer_size, a fraction is chosen from the display size.
+
+    Without any drawing method and without LVGL, final validation also auto-enables
+    ``show_test_card``, which in turn makes the component require a buffer and therefore
+    triggers the buffer-size selection path.
+    """
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        platform_data={KEY_BOARD: "esp32dev", KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32},
+    )
+
+    config = _validated(_custom_config(width, height, color_depth))
+
+    # Sanity check: final validation should have enabled the test card for us,
+    # which is what causes the buffer-size calculation to actually run.
+    assert config.get(CONF_SHOW_TEST_CARD) is True
+    assert config[CONF_BUFFER_SIZE] == pytest.approx(expected)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "buffer_size",
+    [0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0],
+    ids=["one_eighth", "one_quarter", "half", "full"],
+)
+def test_explicit_buffer_size_is_preserved(
+    buffer_size: float,
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+) -> None:
+    """An explicitly configured buffer_size is never overridden by final validation."""
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        platform_data={KEY_BOARD: "esp32dev", KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32},
+    )
+
+    config = _validated(
+        _custom_config(240, 320, "16bit", buffer_size=buffer_size),
+    )
+
+    assert config[CONF_BUFFER_SIZE] == pytest.approx(buffer_size)
+
+
+def test_buffer_size_not_set_when_psram_enabled(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+    set_component_config,
+) -> None:
+    """When PSRAM is enabled the auto buffer-size selection is skipped."""
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        platform_data={KEY_BOARD: "esp32dev", KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32},
+    )
+    # Presence of the psram domain in the full config is what _final_validate checks.
+    set_component_config("psram", True)
+
+    config = _validated(_custom_config(240, 320, "16bit"))
+
+    assert CONF_BUFFER_SIZE not in config
+
+
+def test_buffer_size_not_set_when_buffer_not_required(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+    set_component_config,
+) -> None:
+    """With LVGL present and no drawing methods, no buffer fraction is chosen.
+
+    LVGL suppresses the automatic show_test_card injection, which means
+    ``requires_buffer`` is False and the early-return branch fires.
+    """
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        platform_data={KEY_BOARD: "esp32dev", KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32},
+    )
+    set_component_config("lvgl", [])
+
+    config = _validated(_custom_config(240, 320, "16bit"))
+
+    assert CONF_BUFFER_SIZE not in config
+    # And no test card should have been auto-enabled either.
+    assert not config.get(CONF_SHOW_TEST_CARD)
+
+
+def test_buffer_size_selected_when_lvgl_with_test_card(
+    set_core_config: SetCoreConfigCallable,
+    set_component_config,
+) -> None:
+    """LVGL present + an explicit drawing method still triggers buffer sizing.
+
+    When LVGL is enabled, ``show_test_card`` is not injected automatically,
+    but users can still request it explicitly -- in that case ``requires_buffer``
+    is True and the buffer-size heuristic still runs.
+    """
+    set_core_config(
+        PlatformFramework.ESP32_IDF,
+        platform_data={KEY_BOARD: "esp32dev", KEY_VARIANT: VARIANT_ESP32},
+    )
+    set_component_config("lvgl", [])
+
+    # 128x160 @ 16bit -> expected 1/4 (see test_buffer_size_auto_selected).
+    config = _validated(
+        _custom_config(128, 160, "16bit", show_test_card=True),
+    )
+
+    assert config[CONF_BUFFER_SIZE] == pytest.approx(1.0 / 4)
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/packages/test_packages.py b/tests/component_tests/packages/test_packages.py
index cd91c4d8cb..af4b6db796 100644
--- a/tests/component_tests/packages/test_packages.py
+++ b/tests/component_tests/packages/test_packages.py
@@ -2,18 +2,20 @@
 
 import logging
 from pathlib import Path
+import re
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 
 import pytest
 
 from esphome.components.packages import (
     CONFIG_SCHEMA,
+    _substitute_package_definition,
     _walk_packages,
     do_packages_pass,
     is_package_definition,
     merge_packages,
 )
-from esphome.components.substitutions import do_substitution_pass
+from esphome.components.substitutions import ContextVars, do_substitution_pass
 import esphome.config as config_module
 from esphome.config import resolve_extend_remove
 from esphome.config_helpers import Extend, Remove
@@ -44,7 +46,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
 from esphome.util import OrderedDict
-from esphome.yaml_util import IncludeFile, add_context
+from esphome.yaml_util import DocumentPath, IncludeFile, add_context, load_yaml
 
 # Test strings
 TEST_DEVICE_NAME = "test_device_name"
@@ -1111,7 +1113,7 @@ def test_packages_include_file_resolves_to_list(mock_resolve_include) -> None:
     """When packages: is an IncludeFile that resolves to a list, it is processed correctly."""
     include_file = MagicMock(spec=IncludeFile)
     package_content = {CONF_WIFI: {CONF_SSID: TEST_PACKAGE_WIFI_SSID}}
-    mock_resolve_include.return_value = ([package_content], None)
+    mock_resolve_include.return_value = [package_content]
 
     config = {CONF_PACKAGES: include_file}
     result = do_packages_pass(config)
@@ -1125,7 +1127,7 @@ def test_packages_include_file_resolves_to_dict(mock_resolve_include) -> None:
     """When packages: is an IncludeFile that resolves to a dict, it is processed correctly."""
     include_file = MagicMock(spec=IncludeFile)
     package_content = {CONF_WIFI: {CONF_SSID: TEST_PACKAGE_WIFI_SSID}}
-    mock_resolve_include.return_value = ({"network": package_content}, None)
+    mock_resolve_include.return_value = {"network": package_content}
 
     config = {CONF_PACKAGES: include_file}
     result = do_packages_pass(config)
@@ -1140,7 +1142,7 @@ def test_packages_include_file_resolves_to_invalid_type_raises(
 ) -> None:
     """When packages: is an IncludeFile that resolves to an invalid type, cv.Invalid is raised."""
     include_file = MagicMock(spec=IncludeFile)
-    mock_resolve_include.return_value = ("not_a_dict_or_list", None)
+    mock_resolve_include.return_value = "not_a_dict_or_list"
 
     config = {CONF_PACKAGES: include_file}
     with pytest.raises(
@@ -1213,7 +1215,9 @@ def test_named_dict_with_include_files_no_false_deprecation_warning(
 
     call_count = 0
 
-    def failing_callback(package_config: dict, context: object) -> dict:
+    def failing_callback(
+        package_config: dict, context: object, path: DocumentPath | None = None
+    ) -> dict:
         nonlocal call_count
         call_count += 1
         if call_count == 1:
@@ -1249,7 +1253,9 @@ def test_validate_deprecated_false_raises_directly(
 
     call_count = 0
 
-    def failing_callback(package_config: dict, context: object) -> dict:
+    def failing_callback(
+        package_config: dict, context: object, path: DocumentPath | None = None
+    ) -> dict:
         nonlocal call_count
         call_count += 1
         if call_count == 1:
@@ -1281,7 +1287,9 @@ def test_error_on_first_declared_package_still_detected() -> None:
 
     call_count = 0
 
-    def fail_on_last(package_config: dict, context: object) -> dict:
+    def fail_on_last(
+        package_config: dict, context: object, path: DocumentPath | None = None
+    ) -> dict:
         nonlocal call_count
         call_count += 1
         # Reverse iteration: third_pkg (1), second_pkg (2), first_pkg (3)
@@ -1310,7 +1318,9 @@ def test_deprecated_single_package_fallback_still_works(
 
     attempt = 0
 
-    def fail_then_succeed(package_config: dict, context: object) -> dict:
+    def fail_then_succeed(
+        package_config: dict, context: object, path: DocumentPath | None = None
+    ) -> dict:
         nonlocal attempt
         attempt += 1
         if attempt == 1:
@@ -1399,3 +1409,85 @@ def test_raw_config_contains_merged_esphome_from_package(tmp_path) -> None:
         "CORE.raw_config should contain esphome section after package merge"
     )
     assert CORE.raw_config[CONF_ESPHOME][CONF_NAME] == TEST_DEVICE_NAME
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# _substitute_package_definition
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_substitute_package_definition_local_dict_returned_unchanged() -> None:
+    """A plain local config dict is not substituted and is returned as-is."""
+    pkg = {CONF_WIFI: {CONF_SSID: "test"}}
+    result = _substitute_package_definition(pkg, ContextVars())
+    assert result is pkg
+
+
+def test_substitute_package_definition_string_resolved_with_context() -> None:
+    """A string package definition has its variables substituted."""
+    ctx = ContextVars({"variant": "esp32"})
+    result = _substitute_package_definition("device-${variant}.yaml", ctx)
+    assert result == "device-esp32.yaml"
+
+
+def test_substitute_package_definition_undefined_in_string() -> None:
+    """An undefined variable in a package URL string raises cv.Invalid."""
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="Undefined variable in package definition"):
+        _substitute_package_definition(
+            "github://org/repo/${undefined_var}/pkg.yaml", ContextVars()
+        )
+
+
+def test_substitute_package_definition_undefined_in_remote_dict_field() -> None:
+    """An undefined variable inside a remote-dict field names the offending field."""
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid) as exc_info:
+        _substitute_package_definition(
+            {CONF_URL: "github://${typo}/repo"}, ContextVars()
+        )
+    err = str(exc_info.value)
+    assert "'typo' is undefined" in err
+    assert CONF_URL in err
+
+
+def test_substitute_package_definition_undefined_in_remote_dict_non_first_field() -> (
+    None
+):
+    """The field path joins correctly for non-first dict fields (e.g. ``ref``)."""
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid) as exc_info:
+        _substitute_package_definition(
+            {
+                CONF_URL: "github://org/repo",
+                CONF_REF: "branch-${branch_typo}",
+            },
+            ContextVars(),
+        )
+    err = str(exc_info.value)
+    assert "'branch_typo' is undefined" in err
+    assert CONF_REF in err
+
+
+def test_substitute_package_definition_includes_source_location(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """A package loaded from YAML surfaces file/line/col in the cv.Invalid message.
+
+    Line/column are rendered 1-based (matching config.line_info() and editor
+    line numbering) and point at the offending scalar, not the enclosing dict.
+    """
+    yaml_file = tmp_path / "main.yaml"
+    yaml_file.write_text(
+        "packages:\n  broken: github://org/repo/${undefined_var}/pkg.yaml\n"
+    )
+    config = load_yaml(yaml_file)
+    package_config = config[CONF_PACKAGES]["broken"]
+
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid) as exc_info:
+        _substitute_package_definition(package_config, ContextVars())
+
+    err = str(exc_info.value)
+    assert "main.yaml" in err
+    # The offending value lives on line 2 (1-based). Column depends on the YAML
+    # loader, so we only pin line and check that a 1-based column is present.
+    match = re.search(r"main\.yaml (\d+):(\d+)", err)
+    assert match, err
+    line, col = int(match.group(1)), int(match.group(2))
+    assert line == 2, f"expected 1-based line 2, got {line} (err={err!r})"
+    assert col >= 1, f"expected 1-based column ≥ 1, got {col} (err={err!r})"
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/template/__init__.py b/tests/component_tests/template/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/template/config/template_text_restore.yaml b/tests/component_tests/template/config/template_text_restore.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4574470eab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/template/config/template_text_restore.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+esphome:
+  name: test
+
+host:
+
+text:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Test Text Restore"
+    id: test_text_restore
+    optimistic: true
+    max_length: 10
+    mode: text
+    initial_value: "hello"
+    restore_value: true
diff --git a/tests/component_tests/template/test_template_text.py b/tests/component_tests/template/test_template_text.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2ce9a88d67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/component_tests/template/test_template_text.py
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+"""Tests for the template text component."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from pathlib import Path
+
+
+def test_template_text_saver_uses_placement_new_with_templated_subclass(
+    generate_main: Callable[[str | Path], str],
+    component_config_path: Callable[[str], Path],
+) -> None:
+    """Regression test for template text restore saver using placement new.
+
+    When ``restore_value: true``, the saver is its own Pvariable with
+    placement new: storage is sized for ``TextSaver<MAX_LENGTH>``, the
+    declared pointer stays at ``TemplateTextSaverBase *`` for polymorphism,
+    and the templated subclass constructor runs. A regression would either
+    reintroduce the heap ``new TextSaver<...>()`` expression or size the
+    storage for the base class and silently skip the subclass ctor.
+    """
+    main_cpp = generate_main(component_config_path("template_text_restore.yaml"))
+
+    # Storage is sized and aligned for the templated subclass.
+    assert "sizeof(template_::TextSaver<10>)" in main_cpp
+    assert "alignas(template_::TextSaver<10>)" in main_cpp
+    # Pointer declared as base type for polymorphism.
+    assert (
+        "static template_::TemplateTextSaverBase *const test_text_restore_value_saver"
+        in main_cpp
+    )
+    # Placement new runs the templated subclass constructor.
+    assert "new(test_text_restore_value_saver) template_::TextSaver<10>()" in main_cpp
+    # Base-class default ctor must NOT be used.
+    assert (
+        "new(test_text_restore_value_saver) template_::TemplateTextSaverBase()"
+        not in main_cpp
+    )
+    # No heap `new TextSaver<...>()` left over — the pre-fix pattern.
+    assert "new template_::TextSaver<" not in main_cpp
+    # Saver is wired into the text component.
+    assert (
+        "test_text_restore->set_value_saver(test_text_restore_value_saver)" in main_cpp
+    )
diff --git a/tests/components/core/helpers_test.cpp b/tests/components/core/helpers_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..468185787f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/core/helpers_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <cmath>
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+
+TEST(HelpersTest, Ilog10PowersOfTen) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(ilog10(1.0f), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ilog10(10.0f), 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ilog10(100.0f), 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ilog10(1000.0f), 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ilog10(10000.0f), 4);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ilog10(100000.0f), 5);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ilog10(0.1f), -1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ilog10(0.001f), -3);
+}
+
+TEST(HelpersTest, Ilog10General) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(ilog10(5.0f), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ilog10(9.99f), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ilog10(50.0f), 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ilog10(99.0f), 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ilog10(999.0f), 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ilog10(0.5f), -1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ilog10(0.0072f), -3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ilog10(120000.0f), 5);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ilog10(123456.789f), 5);
+}
+
+TEST(HelpersTest, Ilog10Negative) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(ilog10(-1.0f), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ilog10(-10.0f), 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ilog10(-0.1f), -1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ilog10(-123.456f), 2);
+}
+
+// Verify that ilog10 + pow10_int produces the same rounding result as log10/pow.
+// ilog10 may differ from floor(log10f()) for values not exactly representable in float
+// (e.g. 0.01f is 0.00999...), but the full round-trip must match.
+TEST(HelpersTest, Ilog10RoundTripMatchesLog10) {
+  float values[] = {0.0072f, 0.05f,   0.1f,     0.5f,     1.0f,      3.14f,     9.99f, 10.0f, 42.0f,     100.0f,
+                    1234.5f, 9999.0f, 10000.0f, 99999.0f, 120000.0f, 999999.0f, -1.0f, -0.1f, -123.456f, -10000.0f};
+  for (uint8_t digits = 1; digits <= 6; digits++) {
+    for (float v : values) {
+      // New implementation using ilog10 + pow10_int
+      float factor_new = pow10_int(digits - 1 - ilog10(v));
+      float result_new = roundf(v * factor_new) / factor_new;
+
+      // Reference using log10/pow
+      double factor_ref = pow(10.0, digits - std::ceil(std::log10(std::fabs(v))));
+      float result_ref = static_cast<float>(round(v * factor_ref) / factor_ref);
+
+      EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(result_new, result_ref) << "mismatch for value=" << v << " digits=" << (int) digits;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome
diff --git a/tests/components/core/test_helpers.cpp b/tests/components/core/test_helpers.cpp
index 00169621c3..5fb77ef753 100644
--- a/tests/components/core/test_helpers.cpp
+++ b/tests/components/core/test_helpers.cpp
@@ -117,4 +117,100 @@ TEST(FormatHexChar, UppercaseDigits) {
   EXPECT_EQ(format_hex_pretty_char(15), 'F');
 }
 
+// --- small_pow10() ---
+
+TEST(SmallPow10, Zero) { EXPECT_EQ(small_pow10(0), 1u); }
+TEST(SmallPow10, One) { EXPECT_EQ(small_pow10(1), 10u); }
+TEST(SmallPow10, Two) { EXPECT_EQ(small_pow10(2), 100u); }
+TEST(SmallPow10, Three) { EXPECT_EQ(small_pow10(3), 1000u); }
+
+// --- frac_to_str_unchecked() ---
+
+TEST(FracToStr, OneDigit) {
+  char buf[8];
+  char *end = frac_to_str_unchecked(buf, 5, 1);
+  *end = '\0';
+  EXPECT_STREQ(buf, "5");
+  EXPECT_EQ(end - buf, 1);
+}
+
+TEST(FracToStr, TwoDigits) {
+  char buf[8];
+  char *end = frac_to_str_unchecked(buf, 46, 10);
+  *end = '\0';
+  EXPECT_STREQ(buf, "46");
+}
+
+TEST(FracToStr, ThreeDigits) {
+  char buf[8];
+  char *end = frac_to_str_unchecked(buf, 456, 100);
+  *end = '\0';
+  EXPECT_STREQ(buf, "456");
+  EXPECT_EQ(end - buf, 3);
+}
+
+TEST(FracToStr, LeadingZeros) {
+  char buf[8];
+  char *end = frac_to_str_unchecked(buf, 1, 100);
+  *end = '\0';
+  EXPECT_STREQ(buf, "001");
+
+  end = frac_to_str_unchecked(buf, 5, 10);
+  *end = '\0';
+  EXPECT_STREQ(buf, "05");
+}
+
+TEST(FracToStr, AllZeros) {
+  char buf[8];
+  char *end = frac_to_str_unchecked(buf, 0, 100);
+  *end = '\0';
+  EXPECT_STREQ(buf, "000");
+
+  end = frac_to_str_unchecked(buf, 0, 1);
+  *end = '\0';
+  EXPECT_STREQ(buf, "0");
+}
+
+TEST(FracToStr, ZeroDivisor) {
+  char buf[8];
+  buf[0] = 'X';
+  char *end = frac_to_str_unchecked(buf, 0, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(end, buf);  // writes nothing
+}
+
+// --- buf_append_sep_str() ---
+
+TEST(BufAppendSepStr, Basic) {
+  char buf[32] = "23.46";
+  char *start = buf + 5;
+  char *end = buf_append_sep_str(start, sizeof(buf) - 5, ' ', "°C", 3);
+  EXPECT_STREQ(buf, "23.46 °C");
+  EXPECT_EQ(end - buf, 9);  // "°C" is 3 bytes (UTF-8)
+}
+
+TEST(BufAppendSepStr, EmptyString) {
+  char buf[32] = "100";
+  char *start = buf + 3;
+  char *end = buf_append_sep_str(start, sizeof(buf) - 3, ' ', "", 0);
+  EXPECT_STREQ(buf, "100 ");
+  EXPECT_EQ(end - start, 1);  // just the separator
+}
+
+TEST(BufAppendSepStr, NoRoom) {
+  char buf[8] = "1234567";
+  char *start = buf + 7;
+  char *end = buf_append_sep_str(start, 1, ' ', "unit", 4);
+  EXPECT_EQ(end, start);  // nothing written
+}
+
+TEST(BufAppendSepStr, Truncation) {
+  char buf[8] = "val";
+  char *start = buf + 3;
+  // remaining = 5, separator takes 1, so 3 chars of string fit + null
+  char *end = buf_append_sep_str(start, 5, ' ', "longunit", 8);
+  *end = '\0';
+  EXPECT_STREQ(buf, "val lon");
+  EXPECT_EQ(end - buf, 7);
+}
+
 }  // namespace esphome::core::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/core/test_value_accuracy.cpp b/tests/components/core/test_value_accuracy.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..381a742a9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/core/test_value_accuracy.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <span>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
+
+namespace esphome::core::testing {
+
+// Helper to call value_accuracy_to_buf and return as string
+static std::string va_to_string(float value, int8_t accuracy_decimals) {
+  char buf[VALUE_ACCURACY_MAX_LEN];
+  std::span<char, VALUE_ACCURACY_MAX_LEN> sp(buf);
+  size_t len = value_accuracy_to_buf(sp, value, accuracy_decimals);
+  return std::string(buf, len);
+}
+
+// Helper: reference implementation using snprintf for comparison
+static std::string va_reference(float value, int8_t accuracy_decimals) {
+  // Replicate normalize_accuracy_decimals logic
+  if (accuracy_decimals < 0) {
+    float divisor;
+    if (accuracy_decimals == -1) {
+      divisor = 10.0f;
+    } else if (accuracy_decimals == -2) {
+      divisor = 100.0f;
+    } else {
+      divisor = pow10_int(-accuracy_decimals);
+    }
+    value = roundf(value / divisor) * divisor;
+    accuracy_decimals = 0;
+  }
+  char buf[VALUE_ACCURACY_MAX_LEN];
+  snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.*f", accuracy_decimals, value);
+  return std::string(buf);
+}
+
+// --- Basic formatting ---
+
+TEST(ValueAccuracyToBuf, ZeroDecimals) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(va_to_string(23.456f, 0), "23");
+  EXPECT_EQ(va_to_string(0.0f, 0), "0");
+  EXPECT_EQ(va_to_string(100.0f, 0), "100");
+  EXPECT_EQ(va_to_string(1.0f, 0), "1");
+}
+
+TEST(ValueAccuracyToBuf, OneDecimal) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(va_to_string(23.456f, 1), "23.5");
+  EXPECT_EQ(va_to_string(0.0f, 1), "0.0");
+  EXPECT_EQ(va_to_string(1.05f, 1), va_reference(1.05f, 1));
+}
+
+TEST(ValueAccuracyToBuf, TwoDecimals) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(va_to_string(23.456f, 2), "23.46");
+  EXPECT_EQ(va_to_string(0.0f, 2), "0.00");
+  EXPECT_EQ(va_to_string(1.005f, 2), va_reference(1.005f, 2));
+}
+
+TEST(ValueAccuracyToBuf, ThreeDecimals) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(va_to_string(23.456f, 3), "23.456");
+  EXPECT_EQ(va_to_string(0.0f, 3), "0.000");
+}
+
+// --- Negative values ---
+
+TEST(ValueAccuracyToBuf, NegativeValues) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(va_to_string(-23.456f, 2), "-23.46");
+  EXPECT_EQ(va_to_string(-0.5f, 1), "-0.5");
+  EXPECT_EQ(va_to_string(-100.0f, 0), "-100");
+}
+
+// --- Negative accuracy_decimals (rounding to tens/hundreds) ---
+
+TEST(ValueAccuracyToBuf, NegativeAccuracy) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(va_to_string(1234.0f, -1), va_reference(1234.0f, -1));
+  EXPECT_EQ(va_to_string(1234.0f, -2), va_reference(1234.0f, -2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(va_to_string(56.0f, -1), va_reference(56.0f, -1));
+}
+
+// --- Special float values ---
+
+TEST(ValueAccuracyToBuf, NaN) {
+  std::string result = va_to_string(NAN, 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, va_reference(NAN, 2));
+}
+
+TEST(ValueAccuracyToBuf, Infinity) {
+  std::string result = va_to_string(INFINITY, 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, va_reference(INFINITY, 2));
+}
+
+TEST(ValueAccuracyToBuf, NegativeInfinity) {
+  std::string result = va_to_string(-INFINITY, 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(result, va_reference(-INFINITY, 2));
+}
+
+// --- Edge cases ---
+
+TEST(ValueAccuracyToBuf, VerySmallValues) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(va_to_string(0.001f, 3), "0.001");
+  EXPECT_EQ(va_to_string(0.001f, 2), "0.00");
+  EXPECT_EQ(va_to_string(0.009f, 2), "0.01");
+}
+
+TEST(ValueAccuracyToBuf, LargeValues) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(va_to_string(999999.0f, 0), va_reference(999999.0f, 0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(va_to_string(1013.25f, 2), "1013.25");
+}
+
+TEST(ValueAccuracyToBuf, Rounding) {
+  // 0.5 rounds up
+  EXPECT_EQ(va_to_string(23.5f, 0), "24");
+  EXPECT_EQ(va_to_string(23.45f, 1), "23.5");  // float: 23.45 -> 23.4 or 23.5
+  EXPECT_EQ(va_to_string(23.45f, 1), va_reference(23.45f, 1));
+}
+
+// --- Match snprintf for a range of typical sensor values ---
+
+TEST(ValueAccuracyToBuf, MatchesSnprintf) {
+  float test_values[] = {0.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f, 23.456f, -23.456f, 100.0f, 0.1f, 0.01f, 99.99f, 1013.25f, -40.0f};
+  int8_t test_accuracies[] = {0, 1, 2, 3};
+
+  for (float value : test_values) {
+    for (int8_t acc : test_accuracies) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(va_to_string(value, acc), va_reference(value, acc))
+          << "Mismatch for value=" << value << " accuracy=" << static_cast<int>(acc);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// --- Return value (length) ---
+
+TEST(ValueAccuracyToBuf, ReturnsCorrectLength) {
+  char buf[VALUE_ACCURACY_MAX_LEN];
+  std::span<char, VALUE_ACCURACY_MAX_LEN> sp(buf);
+
+  size_t len = value_accuracy_to_buf(sp, 23.456f, 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(len, 5u);  // "23.46"
+  EXPECT_EQ(strlen(buf), len);
+
+  len = value_accuracy_to_buf(sp, 0.0f, 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(len, 1u);  // "0"
+  EXPECT_EQ(strlen(buf), len);
+
+  len = value_accuracy_to_buf(sp, -100.0f, 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(len, 6u);  // "-100.0"
+  EXPECT_EQ(strlen(buf), len);
+}
+
+TEST(ValueAccuracyToBuf, NegativeZero) {
+  // Hand-rolled formatter must preserve snprintf's sign-of-zero behavior.
+  EXPECT_EQ(va_to_string(-0.0f, 2), va_reference(-0.0f, 2));
+  EXPECT_EQ(va_to_string(-0.0f, 0), va_reference(-0.0f, 0));
+  // Tiny negative that rounds to zero at this precision must still render as "-0.00".
+  EXPECT_EQ(va_to_string(-0.001f, 2), va_reference(-0.001f, 2));
+}
+
+TEST(ValueAccuracyToBuf, OverflowFallsBackToSnprintf) {
+  // |value| * 10^acc must exceed UINT32_MAX to exercise the snprintf fallback path.
+  EXPECT_EQ(va_to_string(1.0e7f, 3), va_reference(1.0e7f, 3));
+  EXPECT_EQ(va_to_string(-1.0e7f, 3), va_reference(-1.0e7f, 3));
+  EXPECT_EQ(va_to_string(5.0e9f, 0), va_reference(5.0e9f, 0));
+}
+
+// --- value_accuracy_with_uom_to_buf ---
+
+static std::string va_uom_to_string(float value, int8_t accuracy_decimals, const char *uom) {
+  char buf[VALUE_ACCURACY_MAX_LEN];
+  std::span<char, VALUE_ACCURACY_MAX_LEN> sp(buf);
+  StringRef ref(uom);
+  size_t len = value_accuracy_with_uom_to_buf(sp, value, accuracy_decimals, ref);
+  return std::string(buf, len);
+}
+
+static std::string va_uom_reference(float value, int8_t accuracy_decimals, const char *uom) {
+  char buf[VALUE_ACCURACY_MAX_LEN];
+  if (!uom || *uom == '\0') {
+    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.*f", accuracy_decimals, value);
+  } else {
+    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.*f %s", accuracy_decimals, value, uom);
+  }
+  return std::string(buf);
+}
+
+TEST(ValueAccuracyWithUomToBuf, BasicWithUnit) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(va_uom_to_string(23.456f, 2, "°C"), va_uom_reference(23.456f, 2, "°C"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(va_uom_to_string(1013.25f, 2, "hPa"), va_uom_reference(1013.25f, 2, "hPa"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(va_uom_to_string(-40.0f, 1, "°F"), va_uom_reference(-40.0f, 1, "°F"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(va_uom_to_string(100.0f, 0, "%"), va_uom_reference(100.0f, 0, "%"));
+}
+
+TEST(ValueAccuracyWithUomToBuf, EmptyUnit) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(va_uom_to_string(23.456f, 2, ""), "23.46");
+  EXPECT_EQ(va_uom_to_string(0.0f, 1, ""), "0.0");
+}
+
+TEST(ValueAccuracyWithUomToBuf, ReturnsCorrectLength) {
+  char buf[VALUE_ACCURACY_MAX_LEN];
+  std::span<char, VALUE_ACCURACY_MAX_LEN> sp(buf);
+  StringRef ref("°C");
+  size_t len = value_accuracy_with_uom_to_buf(sp, 23.46f, 2, ref);
+  EXPECT_EQ(strlen(buf), len);
+  EXPECT_EQ(len, strlen("23.46 °C"));
+}
+
+TEST(ValueAccuracyWithUomToBuf, NearBufferLimitTruncates) {
+  // Build a unit long enough that value + " " + unit exceeds VALUE_ACCURACY_MAX_LEN.
+  // "23.46" (5) + " " (1) + unit -> must cap at buf.size()-1 and stay null-terminated.
+  std::string long_unit(VALUE_ACCURACY_MAX_LEN, 'U');
+  char buf[VALUE_ACCURACY_MAX_LEN];
+  std::span<char, VALUE_ACCURACY_MAX_LEN> sp(buf);
+  StringRef ref(long_unit.c_str());
+  size_t len = value_accuracy_with_uom_to_buf(sp, 23.46f, 2, ref);
+  EXPECT_LT(len, VALUE_ACCURACY_MAX_LEN);
+  EXPECT_EQ(strlen(buf), len);
+  // Should begin with the formatted value and a separator.
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string(buf, 6), "23.46 ");
+}
+
+TEST(ValueAccuracyWithUomToBuf, MatchesSnprintf) {
+  const char *units[] = {"°C", "hPa", "%", "W", "kWh", "m/s"};
+  float values[] = {0.0f, 23.456f, -40.0f, 1013.25f, 100.0f};
+  int8_t accs[] = {0, 1, 2, 3};
+  for (const char *u : units) {
+    for (float v : values) {
+      for (int8_t a : accs) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(va_uom_to_string(v, a, u), va_uom_reference(v, a, u))
+            << "value=" << v << " acc=" << static_cast<int>(a) << " uom=" << u;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::core::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/epaper_spi/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml b/tests/components/epaper_spi/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
index bf6053c78b..8a420f299a 100644
--- a/tests/components/epaper_spi/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/epaper_spi/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml
@@ -145,3 +145,19 @@ display:
       it.filled_rectangle(0, 0, it.get_width(), it.get_height(), Color::WHITE);
       it.circle(it.get_width() / 2, it.get_height() / 2, 30, Color::BLACK);
       it.circle(it.get_width() / 2, it.get_height() / 2, 20, Color(255, 0, 0));
+
+  - platform: epaper_spi
+    spi_id: spi_bus
+    model: goodisplay-gdey042t81-4.2
+    cs_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO5
+    dc_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO17
+    reset_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO16
+    busy_pin:
+      allow_other_uses: true
+      number: GPIO4
diff --git a/tests/components/esp32/dummy_signing_key_v1_ecdsa.pem b/tests/components/esp32/dummy_signing_key_v1_ecdsa.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bd09205606
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/esp32/dummy_signing_key_v1_ecdsa.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+*** DO NOT USE THIS KEY...EVER ***
+-----BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY-----
+MHcCAQEEIEZIp96p7Z7QN6vxOFE5FdRNm535vW81Ax07KnGxVjiMoAoGCCqGSM49
+AwEHoUQDQgAEK+fBQDn1Q+r5lGwcDoMUgeg2Aq16LLrLUz7xWI6mS0PUClzolDIo
+eaV/Pfjl7zAvkbQQsZq3rTNnr1eGAk5P+A==
+-----END EC PRIVATE KEY-----
+*** DO NOT USE THIS KEY...EVER ***
diff --git a/tests/components/esp32/test-signed_ota_v1.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/esp32/test-signed_ota_v1.esp32-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b32e157daf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/esp32/test-signed_ota_v1.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+esp32:
+  variant: esp32
+  framework:
+    type: esp-idf
+    advanced:
+      signed_ota_verification:
+        signing_key: ../../components/esp32/dummy_signing_key_v1_ecdsa.pem
+        signing_scheme: ecdsa_v1
+
+<<: !include common.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/esp32_ble/common_use_psram.yaml b/tests/components/esp32_ble/common_use_psram.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cce6cf547f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/esp32_ble/common_use_psram.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+esp32_ble:
+  use_psram: true
+
+psram:
diff --git a/tests/components/esp32_ble/test.esp32-ard.yaml b/tests/components/esp32_ble/test.esp32-ard.yaml
index dade44d145..fa7b9befc7 100644
--- a/tests/components/esp32_ble/test.esp32-ard.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/esp32_ble/test.esp32-ard.yaml
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 <<: !include common.yaml
+<<: !include common_use_psram.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/esp32_ble/test.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/esp32_ble/test.esp32-idf.yaml
index f8defaf28f..0b2a920c60 100644
--- a/tests/components/esp32_ble/test.esp32-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/esp32_ble/test.esp32-idf.yaml
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 <<: !include common.yaml
+<<: !include common_use_psram.yaml
 
 esp32_ble:
   io_capability: keyboard_only
diff --git a/tests/components/esp32_ble/test.esp32-p4-idf.yaml b/tests/components/esp32_ble/test.esp32-p4-idf.yaml
index 4eeb7c2f18..170220bf48 100644
--- a/tests/components/esp32_ble/test.esp32-p4-idf.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/esp32_ble/test.esp32-p4-idf.yaml
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ packages:
   ble: !include ../../test_build_components/common/ble/esp32-p4-idf.yaml
 
 <<: !include common.yaml
+<<: !include common_use_psram.yaml
 
 esp32_ble:
   io_capability: keyboard_only
diff --git a/tests/components/ethernet/test.esp32-c3-idf.yaml b/tests/components/ethernet/test.esp32-c3-idf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b7b95875c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ethernet/test.esp32-c3-idf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+ethernet:
+  type: W5500
+  clk_pin: 6
+  mosi_pin: 7
+  miso_pin: 2
+  cs_pin: 10
+  interrupt_pin: 3
+  reset_pin: 4
+  clock_speed: 10Mhz
+  manual_ip:
+    static_ip: 192.168.178.56
+    gateway: 192.168.178.1
+    subnet: 255.255.255.0
+  domain: .local
+  mac_address: "02:AA:BB:CC:DD:01"
+  on_connect:
+    - logger.log: "Ethernet connected!"
+  on_disconnect:
+    - logger.log: "Ethernet disconnected!"
diff --git a/tests/components/ethernet/test-lan8720.esp32-idf.yaml b/tests/components/ethernet/test.esp32-idf.yaml
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/components/ethernet/test-lan8720.esp32-idf.yaml
rename to tests/components/ethernet/test.esp32-idf.yaml
diff --git a/tests/components/http_request/http_request.yaml b/tests/components/http_request/http_request.yaml
index 13ca5ceba0..ef67671c91 100644
--- a/tests/components/http_request/http_request.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/http_request/http_request.yaml
@@ -45,6 +45,11 @@ esphome:
                   args:
                     - response->status_code
                     - body.c_str()
+              - delay: 1s
+              - logger.log:
+                  format: "After delay, body still: %s"
+                  args:
+                    - body.c_str()
 
 http_request:
   useragent: esphome/tagreader
diff --git a/tests/components/modbus/modbus_helpers_test.cpp b/tests/components/modbus/modbus_helpers_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e1b4fb2aa6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/modbus/modbus_helpers_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "esphome/components/modbus/modbus_helpers.h"
+
+namespace esphome::modbus::helpers {
+
+TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, PayloadToNumberRejectsOffsetAtEndOfBuffer) {
+  const std::vector<uint8_t> data{0x12, 0x34};
+  EXPECT_EQ(payload_to_number(data, SensorValueType::U_WORD, 2, 0xFFFFFFFF), 0);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, PayloadToNumberRejectsTruncatedMultiRegisterValue) {
+  const std::vector<uint8_t> data{0x12, 0x34, 0x56};
+  EXPECT_EQ(payload_to_number(data, SensorValueType::U_DWORD, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF), 0);
+}
+
+TEST(ModbusHelpersTest, PayloadToNumberDecodesValidWord) {
+  const std::vector<uint8_t> data{0x12, 0x34};
+  EXPECT_EQ(payload_to_number(data, SensorValueType::U_WORD, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF), 0x1234);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::modbus::helpers
diff --git a/tests/components/rtttl/common.yaml b/tests/components/rtttl/common.yaml
index 86b52ca3de..529713583b 100644
--- a/tests/components/rtttl/common.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/rtttl/common.yaml
@@ -3,6 +3,22 @@ esphome:
     then:
       - rtttl.play: 'siren:d=8,o=5,b=100:d,e,d,e,d,e,d,e'
       - rtttl.stop
+      # Test all note features: all notes, denominators (1,2,4,8,16,32), sharp (#), octaves (4-7), dotted (.), note gap (c5,c5), pause (p)
+      - rtttl.play: 'special:d=4,o=5,b=120:1c4,2d#5,4e6.,8f#7,16g4,32a5,8a#5,4b6,8h5,c5,c5,8p,2c4'
+      # Different orders of control parameters
+      - rtttl.play: 'test_odb:o=5,d=8,b=100:c'
+      - rtttl.play: 'test_bod:b=100,o=5,d=8:c'
+      - rtttl.play: 'test_bdo:b=100,d=8,o=5:c'
+      - rtttl.play: 'test_obd:o=5,b=100,d=8:c'
+      - rtttl.play: 'test_dbo:d=8,b=100,o=5:c'
+      # Missing parameters (use defaults)
+      - rtttl.play: 'test_no_d:o=5,b=100:c'
+      - rtttl.play: 'test_no_o:d=8,b=100:c'
+      - rtttl.play: 'test_no_b:d=8,o=5:c'
+      - rtttl.play: 'test_only_d:d=8:c'
+      - rtttl.play: 'test_only_o:o=5:c'
+      - rtttl.play: 'test_only_b:b=100:c'
+      - rtttl.play: 'test_empty::c'
 
 output:
   - platform: ${output_platform}
diff --git a/tests/components/template/common-base.yaml b/tests/components/template/common-base.yaml
index ed398b0abd..ecc65de66c 100644
--- a/tests/components/template/common-base.yaml
+++ b/tests/components/template/common-base.yaml
@@ -171,6 +171,7 @@ sensor:
               quantile: .9
           - round: 1
       - round_to_multiple_of: 0.25
+      - round_to_significant_digits: 3
       - skip_initial: 3
       - sliding_window_moving_average:
           window_size: 15
diff --git a/tests/components/time/is_valid.cpp b/tests/components/time/is_valid.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9148c0e8d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/time/is_valid.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// Regression tests for ESPTime::is_valid() optional checks.
+//
+// The RTC components (ds1307, bm8563, pcf85063, pcf8563, rx8130) read date/time
+// fields from hardware but do not populate day_of_year. They call
+// recalc_timestamp_utc(false) -- which skips day_of_year -- and then is_valid().
+// These tests ensure the is_valid() overload can skip day_of_year validation so
+// RTCs don't log "Invalid RTC time, not syncing to system clock." for valid times.
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include "esphome/core/time.h"
+
+namespace esphome::testing {
+
+// Build an ESPTime that mirrors what the RTC components construct: all fields
+// populated from hardware except day_of_year (left zero-initialized).
+static ESPTime make_rtc_like_time() {
+  ESPTime t{};
+  t.second = 30;
+  t.minute = 15;
+  t.hour = 12;
+  t.day_of_week = 4;  // thursday
+  t.day_of_month = 15;
+  t.month = 4;
+  t.year = 2026;
+  // day_of_year intentionally left at 0 -- RTCs don't compute it.
+  return t;
+}
+
+TEST(ESPTimeIsValid, DefaultRejectsZeroDayOfYear) {
+  // Default is_valid() checks day_of_year; zero-init is out of range.
+  ESPTime t = make_rtc_like_time();
+  EXPECT_FALSE(t.is_valid());
+}
+
+TEST(ESPTimeIsValid, SkipDayOfYearAcceptsRTCLikeTime) {
+  // RTC code path: skip day_of_year validation.
+  ESPTime t = make_rtc_like_time();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(t.is_valid(/*check_day_of_week=*/true, /*check_day_of_year=*/false));
+}
+
+TEST(ESPTimeIsValid, SkipDayOfYearStillRejectsOutOfRangeFields) {
+  ESPTime t = make_rtc_like_time();
+  t.hour = 25;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(t.is_valid(/*check_day_of_week=*/true, /*check_day_of_year=*/false));
+}
+
+TEST(ESPTimeIsValid, SkipDayOfYearStillRejectsYearBefore2019) {
+  ESPTime t = make_rtc_like_time();
+  t.year = 2000;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(t.is_valid(/*check_day_of_week=*/true, /*check_day_of_year=*/false));
+}
+
+TEST(ESPTimeIsValid, SkipBothDayChecksAcceptsGPSLikeTime) {
+  // GPS path (gps_time.cpp) populates neither day_of_week nor day_of_year.
+  ESPTime t{};
+  t.second = 30;
+  t.minute = 15;
+  t.hour = 12;
+  t.day_of_month = 15;
+  t.month = 4;
+  t.year = 2026;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(t.is_valid(/*check_day_of_week=*/false, /*check_day_of_year=*/false));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(t.is_valid());  // default still rejects
+}
+
+TEST(ESPTimeIsValid, FullyPopulatedAcceptsWithDefaults) {
+  ESPTime t = make_rtc_like_time();
+  t.day_of_year = 105;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(t.is_valid());
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::testing
diff --git a/tests/components/zephyr_ble_server/test.nrf52-xiao-ble.yaml b/tests/components/zephyr_ble_server/test.nrf52-xiao-ble.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b440102db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/zephyr_ble_server/test.nrf52-xiao-ble.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+zephyr_ble_server:
+  on_numeric_comparison_request:
+    then:
+      - logger.log:
+          format: "Compare this passkey with the one on your BLE device: %06d"
+          args: [passkey]
+      - ble_server.numeric_comparison_reply:
+          accept: True
+      - ble_server.numeric_comparison_reply:
+          accept: !lambda "return true;"
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/wake_test_component/__init__.py b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/wake_test_component/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ce24167889
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/wake_test_component/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/tests"]
+
+wake_test_component_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("wake_test_component")
+WakeTestComponent = wake_test_component_ns.class_("WakeTestComponent", cg.Component)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(WakeTestComponent),
+    }
+).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/wake_test_component/wake_test_component.cpp b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/wake_test_component/wake_test_component.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b58f1c9adc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/wake_test_component/wake_test_component.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#include "wake_test_component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include <chrono>
+#include <thread>
+
+namespace esphome::wake_test_component {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "wake_test_component";
+
+void WakeTestComponent::start_async_wake() {
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Spawning async wake thread (50ms delay)");
+  std::thread([] {
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(50));
+    App.wake_loop_threadsafe();
+  }).detach();
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::wake_test_component
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/wake_test_component/wake_test_component.h b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/wake_test_component/wake_test_component.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c8e4e0a89f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/external_components/wake_test_component/wake_test_component.h
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include <atomic>
+
+namespace esphome::wake_test_component {
+
+class WakeTestComponent : public Component {
+ public:
+  void setup() override {}
+  void loop() override { this->loop_count_.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed); }
+
+  int get_loop_count() const { return this->loop_count_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed); }
+
+  // Spawn a detached thread that sleeps briefly then calls
+  // App.wake_loop_threadsafe(). Used by the integration test to verify a
+  // cross-thread wake forces a component-phase iteration even when
+  // loop_interval_ has been raised high enough to gate it off otherwise.
+  void start_async_wake();
+
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::DATA; }
+
+ protected:
+  std::atomic<int> loop_count_{0};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::wake_test_component
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/loop_interval_decoupling.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/loop_interval_decoupling.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5aedd9aba5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/loop_interval_decoupling.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+esphome:
+  name: loop-interval-decouple
+  on_boot:
+    priority: -100
+    then:
+      - lambda: |-
+          // Raise loop_interval_ to 500ms. With the decoupling fix the
+          // component phase should run ~twice per second while the 50ms
+          // scheduler interval below still fires at its requested cadence.
+          App.set_loop_interval(500);
+      # Start measurement after 1s so boot transients settle.
+      - delay: 1000ms
+      - lambda: |-
+          id(loop_at_start) = id(loop_counter)->get_loop_count();
+          id(sched_at_start) = id(sched_count);
+          ESP_LOGI("test", "MEASUREMENT_STARTED loop=%d sched=%d",
+                   id(loop_at_start), id(sched_at_start));
+      # Observe for 2s.
+      - delay: 2000ms
+      - lambda: |-
+          int loop_delta = id(loop_counter)->get_loop_count() - id(loop_at_start);
+          int sched_delta = id(sched_count) - id(sched_at_start);
+          ESP_LOGI("test", "MEASUREMENT_DONE loop_delta=%d sched_delta=%d",
+                   loop_delta, sched_delta);
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: INFO
+  logs:
+    loop_test_component: WARN   # Silence per-loop log spam
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+globals:
+  - id: sched_count
+    type: int
+    initial_value: "0"
+  - id: loop_at_start
+    type: int
+    initial_value: "0"
+  - id: sched_at_start
+    type: int
+    initial_value: "0"
+
+loop_test_component:
+  components:
+    - id: loop_counter
+      name: loop_counter
+
+interval:
+  # Fast scheduler interval — with the decoupling fix this should fire at
+  # its requested 50ms cadence regardless of loop_interval_.
+  - interval: 50ms
+    then:
+      - lambda: |-
+          id(sched_count) += 1;
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/loop_interval_default_not_pulled_forward.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/loop_interval_default_not_pulled_forward.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fec83865b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/loop_interval_default_not_pulled_forward.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+esphome:
+  name: loop-default-not-pulled
+  on_boot:
+    priority: -100
+    then:
+      # Leave loop_interval_ at its default (16 ms → ~62 Hz). Do NOT call
+      # set_loop_interval here. The fast scheduler interval below used to
+      # pull the component phase forward to ~128 Hz via the old
+      # std::max(next_schedule, delay_time / 2) floor.
+      # Start measurement after 1s so boot transients settle.
+      - delay: 1000ms
+      - lambda: |-
+          id(loop_at_start) = id(loop_counter)->get_loop_count();
+          ESP_LOGI("test", "MEASUREMENT_STARTED loop=%d", id(loop_at_start));
+      # Observe for 2s.
+      - delay: 2000ms
+      - lambda: |-
+          int loop_delta = id(loop_counter)->get_loop_count() - id(loop_at_start);
+          ESP_LOGI("test", "MEASUREMENT_DONE loop_delta=%d", loop_delta);
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: INFO
+  logs:
+    loop_test_component: WARN   # Silence per-loop log spam
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+
+globals:
+  - id: loop_at_start
+    type: int
+    initial_value: "0"
+
+loop_test_component:
+  components:
+    - id: loop_counter
+      name: loop_counter
+
+interval:
+  # Fast scheduler interval (well under loop_interval_/2 = 8ms). In the
+  # pre-decoupling code this would have pulled the component phase forward
+  # to ~128 Hz. After the decoupling fix the component phase stays at
+  # ~62 Hz regardless.
+  - interval: 5ms
+    then:
+      - lambda: |-
+          // No-op; the presence of a due scheduler item is what matters.
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_interval_zero_coerced.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_interval_zero_coerced.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..13be55d617
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/scheduler_interval_zero_coerced.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+esphome:
+  name: sched-interval-zero
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
+
+globals:
+  - id: fire_count
+    type: int
+    initial_value: "0"
+
+interval:
+  # Deliberately configure 0ms — this path goes through the C++
+  # Scheduler::set_timer_common_ coercion (not the Python cv.update_interval
+  # path, since interval: doesn't call cv.update_interval — it's an intervals
+  # component schema, not a PollingComponent's update_interval).
+  # Expected: scheduler coerces to 1ms at registration, emits ESP_LOGE,
+  # fires at ~1kHz instead of spinning.
+  - interval: 0ms
+    then:
+      - lambda: |-
+          id(fire_count) += 1;
+          if (id(fire_count) == 50) {
+            ESP_LOGI("test", "ZERO_INTERVAL_50_FIRES_REACHED");
+          }
diff --git a/tests/integration/fixtures/wake_loop_forces_phase_b.yaml b/tests/integration/fixtures/wake_loop_forces_phase_b.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d97ab8514f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/fixtures/wake_loop_forces_phase_b.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+esphome:
+  name: wake-loop-phase-b
+  on_boot:
+    priority: -100
+    then:
+      - lambda: |-
+          // Raise loop_interval_ to 2000ms. Without the wake-request flag,
+          // a wake_loop_threadsafe() call would only run Phase A (scheduler)
+          // and leave the component phase gated for ~2s.
+          App.set_loop_interval(2000);
+      # Let boot transients settle.
+      - delay: 1000ms
+      - lambda: |-
+          // Snapshot the loop counter, then ask the component to spawn a
+          // background thread that calls App.wake_loop_threadsafe() after
+          // ~50ms. With the fix, that wake forces Phase B on the next tick
+          // and the counter increments well within the 500ms observation
+          // window below.
+          id(count_at_start) = id(wake_counter)->get_loop_count();
+          id(start_time) = millis();
+          id(wake_counter)->start_async_wake();
+          ESP_LOGI("test", "WAKE_STARTED count=%d", id(count_at_start));
+      # Observation window must be much shorter than loop_interval_ (2000ms)
+      # so a "false pass" isn't possible by simply waiting out the gate.
+      - delay: 500ms
+      - lambda: |-
+          int count_now = id(wake_counter)->get_loop_count();
+          int delta = count_now - id(count_at_start);
+          uint32_t elapsed = millis() - id(start_time);
+          ESP_LOGI("test", "WAKE_RESULT delta=%d elapsed=%u", delta, elapsed);
+
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+  level: INFO
+
+external_components:
+  - source:
+      type: local
+      path: EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH
+    components: [wake_test_component]
+
+globals:
+  - id: count_at_start
+    type: int
+    initial_value: "0"
+  - id: start_time
+    type: uint32_t
+    initial_value: "0"
+
+wake_test_component:
+  id: wake_counter
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_loop_interval_decoupling.py b/tests/integration/test_loop_interval_decoupling.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6c34aed458
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_loop_interval_decoupling.py
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+"""Test that loop_interval_ no longer clamps scheduler cadence.
+
+Regression test for the decoupling of Application::loop() component-phase
+cadence from scheduler wake timing.
+
+Setup:
+- App.set_loop_interval(500) — raised for power-savings style cadence
+- Scheduler interval at 50ms — should fire at 50ms regardless of loop_interval_
+- Component loop (LoopTestComponent) — should run at 500ms cadence
+
+Before the decoupling fix the old `std::max(next_schedule, delay_time / 2)`
+floor clamped the sleep to ~250ms, so the 50ms scheduler only fired ~8 times
+per 2s (vs the ~40 expected). After the fix the scheduler fires close to its
+requested cadence while the component phase stays gated at loop_interval_.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import re
+
+import pytest
+
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_loop_interval_decoupling(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Raised loop_interval_ must not clamp scheduler item cadence."""
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    measurement_done: asyncio.Future[tuple[int, int]] = loop.create_future()
+
+    def on_log_line(line: str) -> None:
+        match = re.search(r"MEASUREMENT_DONE loop_delta=(\d+) sched_delta=(\d+)", line)
+        if match and not measurement_done.done():
+            measurement_done.set_result((int(match.group(1)), int(match.group(2))))
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=on_log_line),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        device_info = await client.device_info()
+        assert device_info is not None
+        assert device_info.name == "loop-interval-decouple"
+
+        try:
+            loop_delta, sched_delta = await asyncio.wait_for(
+                measurement_done, timeout=10.0
+            )
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail("MEASUREMENT_DONE marker never appeared")
+
+        # Observation window = 2s, loop_interval_ = 500ms.
+        # Component phase should fire ~4 times in 2s. The upper bound must be
+        # less than 8: the pre-decoupling behavior clamped to ~250ms cadence
+        # giving ~8 loops/2s, so allowing 8 would let the old behavior pass.
+        # Lower bound 3 (not 2) keeps the test honest: a >30% slowdown from
+        # the ~4 nominal is not normal CI jitter and should fail.
+        assert 3 <= loop_delta <= 6, (
+            f"Component loop should fire ~4 times in 2s at loop_interval=500ms, "
+            f"got {loop_delta}"
+        )
+
+        # Scheduler interval = 50ms → ~40 fires in 2s. Before the decoupling
+        # fix this clamped to ~8 fires. Assert >= 20 to catch the old clamped
+        # behavior with comfortable jitter headroom for slow CI hosts.
+        assert sched_delta >= 20, (
+            f"50ms scheduler interval should fire ~40 times in 2s but only "
+            f"fired {sched_delta}. This indicates loop_interval_ is still "
+            f"clamping scheduler cadence."
+        )
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_loop_interval_default_not_pulled_forward.py b/tests/integration/test_loop_interval_default_not_pulled_forward.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17a7070436
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_loop_interval_default_not_pulled_forward.py
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+"""Test that a fast scheduler item does not pull the component phase forward.
+
+Regression test for the original ~128 Hz → ~62 Hz bug fixed by decoupling
+Application::loop() component-phase cadence from scheduler wake timing.
+
+Setup:
+- loop_interval_ left at its default (16 ms → ~62 Hz component phase).
+- Scheduler interval at 5 ms (well under the old loop_interval_/2 = 8 ms floor).
+
+Before the decoupling fix the ``std::max(next_schedule, delay_time / 2)`` floor
+clamped the sleep to ~8 ms whenever any scheduler item was due sooner than
+loop_interval_/2. That pulled the component phase forward to ~128 Hz — twice
+what the documented ~62 Hz default promised. After the fix the component
+phase stays at ~62 Hz regardless of scheduler activity.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import re
+
+import pytest
+
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_loop_interval_default_not_pulled_forward(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Fast scheduler item must not pull component phase past default ~62 Hz."""
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    measurement_done: asyncio.Future[int] = loop.create_future()
+
+    def on_log_line(line: str) -> None:
+        match = re.search(r"MEASUREMENT_DONE loop_delta=(\d+)", line)
+        if match and not measurement_done.done():
+            measurement_done.set_result(int(match.group(1)))
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=on_log_line),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        device_info = await client.device_info()
+        assert device_info is not None
+        assert device_info.name == "loop-default-not-pulled"
+
+        try:
+            loop_delta = await asyncio.wait_for(measurement_done, timeout=10.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail("MEASUREMENT_DONE marker never appeared")
+
+        # Observation window = 2s, loop_interval_ default = 16ms → ~62 Hz →
+        # ~125 component-phase iterations expected.
+        # Pre-fix behavior: the 5 ms scheduler interval tripped the old
+        # delay_time/2 = 8 ms floor, pulling the phase to ~128 Hz → ~256.
+        # Upper bound 180 is comfortably below the ~256 pre-fix rate but
+        # above the ~125 nominal with CI jitter.
+        # Lower bound 80 covers very slow CI hosts without permitting a
+        # complete regression.
+        assert 80 <= loop_delta <= 180, (
+            f"Component loop at default loop_interval_ should fire ~125 times "
+            f"in 2s (≈62 Hz × 2s); got {loop_delta}. Values >200 indicate the "
+            f"scheduler is again pulling the component phase forward."
+        )
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_runtime_stats.py b/tests/integration/test_runtime_stats.py
index 9e93035d83..bd7f36341d 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_runtime_stats.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_runtime_stats.py
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ async def test_runtime_stats(
 
     # Track component stats
     component_stats_found = set()
+    main_loop_lines: list[dict[str, str]] = []
 
     # Patterns to match - need to handle ANSI color codes and timestamps
     # The log format is: [HH:MM:SS][color codes][I][tag]: message
@@ -34,6 +35,14 @@ async def test_runtime_stats(
     component_pattern = re.compile(
         r"^\[[^\]]+\].*?\s+([\w.]+):\s+count=(\d+),\s+avg=([\d.]+)ms"
     )
+    # Main loop overhead line emitted by runtime_stats
+    main_loop_pattern = re.compile(
+        r"main_loop:\s+iters=(?P<iters>\d+),\s+"
+        r"active_avg=(?P<active_avg>[\d.]+)ms,\s+"
+        r"active_max=(?P<active_max>[\d.]+)ms,\s+"
+        r"active_total=(?P<active_total>[\d.]+)ms,\s+"
+        r"overhead_total=(?P<overhead_total>[\d.]+)ms"
+    )
 
     def check_output(line: str) -> None:
         """Check log output for runtime stats messages."""
@@ -54,6 +63,11 @@ async def test_runtime_stats(
             component_name = match.group(1)
             component_stats_found.add(component_name)
 
+        # Check for main_loop overhead line
+        ml_match = main_loop_pattern.search(line)
+        if ml_match:
+            main_loop_lines.append(ml_match.groupdict())
+
     async with (
         run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=check_output),
         api_client_connected() as client,
@@ -86,3 +100,22 @@ async def test_runtime_stats(
         assert "template.switch" in component_stats_found, (
             f"Expected template.switch stats, found: {component_stats_found}"
         )
+
+        # Verify the main_loop overhead line is emitted (at least once for
+        # the period section and once for the total section, per log cycle).
+        assert len(main_loop_lines) >= 2, (
+            f"Expected at least 2 main_loop lines, got {len(main_loop_lines)}"
+        )
+        for fields in main_loop_lines:
+            assert int(fields["iters"]) > 0, f"iters should be > 0: {fields}"
+            assert float(fields["active_total"]) > 0.0, (
+                f"active_total should be > 0: {fields}"
+            )
+            assert float(fields["active_avg"]) >= 0.0, (
+                f"active_avg should be >= 0: {fields}"
+            )
+            # overhead_total is derived and may be 0 if components dominate,
+            # but the field must still be present and parseable as a float.
+            assert float(fields["overhead_total"]) >= 0.0, (
+                f"overhead_total should be >= 0: {fields}"
+            )
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_scheduler_interval_zero_coerced.py b/tests/integration/test_scheduler_interval_zero_coerced.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f71c0f7281
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_scheduler_interval_zero_coerced.py
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+"""Test that Scheduler::set_timer_common_ coerces interval=0 to 1ms.
+
+Regression test for the scheduler busy-loop when interval=0 was passed
+literally. Without the coercion, Scheduler::call() would spin forever
+because the item's next_execution == now_64 after re-scheduling, failing
+the loop's `> now_64` break condition. The device would fail to yield
+back to the main loop and trigger a WDT reset.
+
+With the coercion, interval=0 becomes interval=1 and the scheduler
+fires at ~1kHz (bounded by the loop), the main loop continues to run,
+and the device stays responsive to API calls.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+
+import pytest
+
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_scheduler_interval_zero_coerced(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """interval=0ms must be coerced to 1ms and not starve the main loop."""
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    reached_50: asyncio.Future[None] = loop.create_future()
+    coerce_warning: asyncio.Future[None] = loop.create_future()
+
+    def on_log_line(line: str) -> None:
+        if "ZERO_INTERVAL_50_FIRES_REACHED" in line and not reached_50.done():
+            reached_50.set_result(None)
+        if "would spin main loop" in line and not coerce_warning.done():
+            coerce_warning.set_result(None)
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=on_log_line),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        # The API-client connection itself is evidence that the main loop
+        # is not starved — if set_interval(0) were spinning we could not
+        # get here at all.
+        device_info = await client.device_info()
+        assert device_info is not None
+        assert device_info.name == "sched-interval-zero"
+
+        # Coerce warning must fire at registration
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(coerce_warning, timeout=5.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail("Expected coerce warning 'would spin main loop' not seen")
+
+        # The coerced 1ms interval should fire 50 times quickly — this
+        # confirms the callback actually runs (not just registered) and the
+        # scheduler yields back to the main loop each time.
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(reached_50, timeout=5.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(
+                "Coerced interval=0→1ms did not reach 50 fires within 5s, "
+                "which would indicate either the coercion failed or the "
+                "main loop is still being starved."
+            )
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2412.py b/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2412.py
index 12aa3f8397..ea2ec38b2a 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2412.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_uart_mock_ld2412.py
@@ -325,9 +325,13 @@ async def test_uart_mock_ld2412_engineering_truncated(
         ],
     )
 
-    # Signal when we see Phase 3 recovery values (gate_0_move=50)
+    # Signal when we see ALL Phase 3 recovery values to avoid race where some
+    # arrive after the waiter fires but before we index into the lists
     recovery_received = collector.add_waiter(
-        lambda: pytest.approx(50.0) in collector.sensor_states["gate_0_move_energy"]
+        lambda: (
+            pytest.approx(50.0) in collector.sensor_states["gate_0_move_energy"]
+            and pytest.approx(42.0) in collector.sensor_states["light"]
+        )
     )
 
     async with (
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_wake_loop_forces_phase_b.py b/tests/integration/test_wake_loop_forces_phase_b.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5f05f07dd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/test_wake_loop_forces_phase_b.py
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+"""Test that wake_loop_threadsafe() forces a component-phase iteration.
+
+Regression test for the wake-request flag added to Application::loop()'s
+Phase A / Phase B gate. Background producers (MQTT RX, USB RX, BLE event,
+etc.) call App.wake_loop_threadsafe() expecting their component's loop()
+to drain queued work; if the component phase stays gated by loop_interval_,
+the work waits up to loop_interval_ ms instead of running on the next tick.
+
+Setup:
+- App.set_loop_interval(2000) — a wide gate that would clearly mask the bug.
+- A test component spawns a detached std::thread that sleeps 50 ms and then
+  calls App.wake_loop_threadsafe() from a non-main thread.
+- The on_boot block snapshots the component's loop counter before/after a
+  500 ms observation window.
+
+Without the fix, delta=0 (the gate holds Phase B for ~2 s).
+With the fix, delta>=1 (the wake forces Phase B within one tick of the wake).
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from pathlib import Path
+import re
+
+import pytest
+
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_wake_loop_forces_phase_b(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """A wake_loop_threadsafe() call from a background thread must trigger the
+    component phase within the next tick, even when loop_interval_ is raised
+    well above the observation window."""
+    external_components_path = str(
+        Path(__file__).parent / "fixtures" / "external_components"
+    )
+    yaml_config = yaml_config.replace(
+        "EXTERNAL_COMPONENT_PATH", external_components_path
+    )
+
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    result: asyncio.Future[tuple[int, int]] = loop.create_future()
+
+    def on_log_line(line: str) -> None:
+        match = re.search(r"WAKE_RESULT delta=(\d+) elapsed=(\d+)", line)
+        if match and not result.done():
+            result.set_result((int(match.group(1)), int(match.group(2))))
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=on_log_line),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        device_info = await client.device_info()
+        assert device_info is not None
+        assert device_info.name == "wake-loop-phase-b"
+
+        try:
+            delta, elapsed = await asyncio.wait_for(result, timeout=15.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail("WAKE_RESULT marker never appeared")
+
+        # Without the fix, delta would be 0 — loop_interval_=2000ms held
+        # Phase B off for the full 500ms observation window. With the fix
+        # the wake from the background thread (~50ms after start) forces
+        # Phase B on the next tick, so the counter increments at least once.
+        assert delta >= 1, (
+            f"wake_loop_threadsafe() from a background thread should force "
+            f"Phase B within the next tick; observed delta={delta} after "
+            f"{elapsed}ms with loop_interval_=2000ms"
+        )
diff --git a/tests/script/test_helpers.py b/tests/script/test_helpers.py
index 948aabaa66..db0d2908f4 100644
--- a/tests/script/test_helpers.py
+++ b/tests/script/test_helpers.py
@@ -1468,3 +1468,159 @@ def test_cache_miss_corrupted_json(
         result = helpers.create_components_graph()
         # Should handle corruption gracefully and rebuild
         assert result == {}
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# parse_component_metadata / split_conflicting_groups
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def fake_components(tmp_path: Path) -> Path:
+    """Create a fake esphome/components/ tree and return the repo root.
+
+    Component layout (tested against split_conflicting_groups):
+
+        alpha          -- CONFLICTS_WITH=["beta"]
+        beta           -- CONFLICTS_WITH=["alpha"]
+        beta_variant   -- AUTO_LOAD=["beta"]
+        gamma          -- (no metadata)
+        one_sided      -- CONFLICTS_WITH=["plain"]  (plain does not reject back)
+        plain          -- no CONFLICTS_WITH
+        callable_auto  -- AUTO_LOAD is a function (not a list literal) -> ignored
+        broken         -- __init__.py has a SyntaxError
+    """
+    components = tmp_path / "esphome" / "components"
+    components.mkdir(parents=True)
+
+    def write(name: str, body: str) -> None:
+        (components / name).mkdir()
+        (components / name / "__init__.py").write_text(body)
+
+    write("alpha", 'CONFLICTS_WITH = ["beta"]\n')
+    write("beta", 'CONFLICTS_WITH = ["alpha"]\n')
+    write("beta_variant", 'AUTO_LOAD = ["beta"]\n')
+    write("gamma", "")
+    write("one_sided", 'CONFLICTS_WITH = ["plain"]\n')
+    write("plain", "")
+    write("callable_auto", "def AUTO_LOAD():\n    return ['beta']\n")
+    write("broken", "this is not valid python !!!")
+    helpers.parse_component_metadata.cache_clear()
+    return tmp_path
+
+
+def test_parse_component_metadata_list_literals(
+    fake_components: Path, monkeypatch: MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    monkeypatch.setattr(helpers, "root_path", str(fake_components))
+    helpers.parse_component_metadata.cache_clear()
+
+    meta = helpers.parse_component_metadata("alpha")
+    assert meta.conflicts_with == frozenset({"beta"})
+    assert meta.auto_load == frozenset()
+
+    variant = helpers.parse_component_metadata("beta_variant")
+    assert variant.auto_load == frozenset({"beta"})
+    assert variant.conflicts_with == frozenset()
+
+
+def test_parse_component_metadata_missing_empty_and_callable(
+    fake_components: Path, monkeypatch: MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    monkeypatch.setattr(helpers, "root_path", str(fake_components))
+    helpers.parse_component_metadata.cache_clear()
+
+    # Unknown component -> empty metadata, not an error.
+    unknown = helpers.parse_component_metadata("does_not_exist")
+    assert unknown == helpers.ComponentMetadata()
+
+    # Empty __init__.py -> empty metadata.
+    assert helpers.parse_component_metadata("gamma") == helpers.ComponentMetadata()
+
+    # Callable AUTO_LOAD cannot be statically evaluated -> empty.
+    callable_meta = helpers.parse_component_metadata("callable_auto")
+    assert callable_meta.auto_load == frozenset()
+
+    # SyntaxError in __init__.py must not raise.
+    assert helpers.parse_component_metadata("broken") == helpers.ComponentMetadata()
+
+
+def test_split_conflicting_groups_splits_direct_conflict(
+    fake_components: Path, monkeypatch: MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    monkeypatch.setattr(helpers, "root_path", str(fake_components))
+    helpers.parse_component_metadata.cache_clear()
+
+    result = helpers.split_conflicting_groups(
+        {("esp32", "i2c"): ["alpha", "beta", "gamma"]}
+    )
+    # alpha and beta must end up in different buckets; gamma has no conflicts.
+    buckets = list(result.values())
+    assert any("alpha" in b for b in buckets)
+    assert any("beta" in b for b in buckets)
+    for bucket in buckets:
+        assert not ({"alpha", "beta"} <= set(bucket))
+    # Gamma sticks with whichever bucket it landed in first (alpha's).
+    all_members = {c for b in buckets for c in b}
+    assert all_members == {"alpha", "beta", "gamma"}
+
+
+def test_split_conflicting_groups_propagates_through_auto_load(
+    fake_components: Path, monkeypatch: MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    """A component that AUTO_LOADs a conflicting one must also be split out."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(helpers, "root_path", str(fake_components))
+    helpers.parse_component_metadata.cache_clear()
+
+    result = helpers.split_conflicting_groups(
+        {("esp32", "i2c"): ["alpha", "beta_variant"]}
+    )
+    buckets = list(result.values())
+    for bucket in buckets:
+        assert not ({"alpha", "beta_variant"} <= set(bucket))
+    assert sum(len(b) for b in buckets) == 2
+
+
+def test_split_conflicting_groups_symmetric_one_sided_declaration(
+    fake_components: Path, monkeypatch: MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    """If only one side declares CONFLICTS_WITH, the pair must still be split."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(helpers, "root_path", str(fake_components))
+    helpers.parse_component_metadata.cache_clear()
+
+    result = helpers.split_conflicting_groups(
+        {("esp32", "i2c"): ["one_sided", "plain"]}
+    )
+    buckets = list(result.values())
+    for bucket in buckets:
+        assert not ({"one_sided", "plain"} <= set(bucket))
+
+
+def test_split_conflicting_groups_preserves_non_conflicting_group(
+    fake_components: Path, monkeypatch: MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    monkeypatch.setattr(helpers, "root_path", str(fake_components))
+    helpers.parse_component_metadata.cache_clear()
+
+    original = {("esp32", "i2c"): ["alpha", "gamma", "plain"]}
+    result = helpers.split_conflicting_groups(original)
+    # All three are mutually compatible -- the group must not be split.
+    assert result == original
+
+
+def test_split_conflicting_groups_preserves_original_signature_for_first_bucket(
+    fake_components: Path, monkeypatch: MonkeyPatch
+) -> None:
+    """When a group is split, the first bucket keeps the original signature key."""
+    monkeypatch.setattr(helpers, "root_path", str(fake_components))
+    helpers.parse_component_metadata.cache_clear()
+
+    result = helpers.split_conflicting_groups({("esp32", "i2c"): ["alpha", "beta"]})
+    keys = set(result.keys())
+    assert ("esp32", "i2c") in keys
+    # One additional bucket with a disambiguated signature.
+    extra = keys - {("esp32", "i2c")}
+    assert len(extra) == 1
+    platform, signature = next(iter(extra))
+    assert platform == "esp32"
+    assert signature.startswith("i2c__conflict")
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/bundle/bundle_test.yaml b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/bundle/bundle_test.yaml
index f834a8d867..247f5cc8bb 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/bundle/bundle_test.yaml
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/bundle/bundle_test.yaml
@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ esp32:
 logger:
   <<: !include common/base.yaml
 
-wifi:
-  ssid: !secret wifi_ssid
-  password: !secret wifi_password
+# Plain nested !include — deferred as an IncludeFile until the substitution
+# pass. The bundle must force-resolve it to pick up common/wifi.yaml.
+wifi: !include common/wifi.yaml
 
 api:
 
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/bundle/common/wifi.yaml b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/bundle/common/wifi.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d7e7b3cd45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/bundle/common/wifi.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+ssid: !secret wifi_ssid
+password: !secret wifi_password
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/15-substitutions_as_include.approved.yaml b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/15-substitutions_as_include.approved.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..14aa707def
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/15-substitutions_as_include.approved.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+substitutions:
+  wifi_password: sub_password
+wifi:
+  ssid: main_ssid
+  password: sub_password
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/15-substitutions_as_include.input.yaml b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/15-substitutions_as_include.input.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5909e7bf4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/15-substitutions_as_include.input.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+substitutions: !include 15-substitutions_inc.yaml
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: main_ssid
+  password: $wifi_password
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/15-substitutions_inc.yaml b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/15-substitutions_inc.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..44d9a4b9ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/15-substitutions_inc.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+wifi_password: sub_password
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/16-substitutions_as_include_with_packages.approved.yaml b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/16-substitutions_as_include_with_packages.approved.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..14aa707def
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/16-substitutions_as_include_with_packages.approved.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+substitutions:
+  wifi_password: sub_password
+wifi:
+  ssid: main_ssid
+  password: sub_password
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/16-substitutions_as_include_with_packages.input.yaml b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/16-substitutions_as_include_with_packages.input.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a2e72f33a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/16-substitutions_as_include_with_packages.input.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+substitutions: !include 15-substitutions_inc.yaml
+
+packages:
+  wifi_pkg:
+    wifi:
+      password: $wifi_password
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: main_ssid
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/17-substitutions_include_cli_var.approved.yaml b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/17-substitutions_include_cli_var.approved.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f1fd5fb078
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/17-substitutions_include_cli_var.approved.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+substitutions:
+  subs_file: 15-substitutions_inc
+  wifi_password: sub_password
+wifi:
+  ssid: main_ssid
+  password: sub_password
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/17-substitutions_include_cli_var.input.yaml b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/17-substitutions_include_cli_var.input.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3248504b46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/fixtures/substitutions/17-substitutions_include_cli_var.input.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+command_line_substitutions:
+  subs_file: 15-substitutions_inc
+
+substitutions: !include ${subs_file}.yaml
+
+wifi:
+  ssid: main_ssid
+  password: $wifi_password
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_bundle.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_bundle.py
index b8b2d0ffd1..89bf1a33b3 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_bundle.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_bundle.py
@@ -5,8 +5,10 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import io
 import json
 from pathlib import Path
+import shutil
 import tarfile
 from typing import Any
+from unittest.mock import patch
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -20,6 +22,7 @@ from esphome.bundle import (
     _add_bytes_to_tar,
     _default_target_dir,
     _find_used_secret_keys,
+    _force_load_include_files,
     extract_bundle,
     is_bundle_path,
     prepare_bundle_for_compile,
@@ -485,7 +488,7 @@ def test_read_bundle_manifest_minimal(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
 
     result = read_bundle_manifest(bundle_path)
     assert result.esphome_version == "unknown"
-    assert result.files == []
+    assert not result.files
     assert result.has_secrets is False
 
 
@@ -862,6 +865,117 @@ def test_discover_files_skips_missing_directory(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     assert len(files) == 1
 
 
+def test_discover_files_nested_include(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Nested !include files (e.g. wifi: !include wifi.yaml) are bundled."""
+    config_dir = _setup_config_dir(tmp_path)
+    (config_dir / "test.yaml").write_text(
+        "esphome:\n  name: test\nwifi: !include wifi.yaml\n"
+    )
+    (config_dir / "wifi.yaml").write_text('ssid: "a"\npassword: "b"\n')
+
+    creator = ConfigBundleCreator({})
+    files = creator.discover_files()
+
+    paths = [f.path for f in files]
+    assert "test.yaml" in paths
+    assert "wifi.yaml" in paths
+
+
+def test_discover_files_deeply_nested_include(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Chains of !include (a includes b includes c) are fully resolved."""
+    config_dir = _setup_config_dir(tmp_path)
+    (config_dir / "test.yaml").write_text(
+        "esphome:\n  name: test\nwifi: !include level1.yaml\n"
+    )
+    (config_dir / "level1.yaml").write_text("nested: !include level2.yaml\n")
+    (config_dir / "level2.yaml").write_text('value: "leaf"\n')
+
+    creator = ConfigBundleCreator({})
+    files = creator.discover_files()
+
+    paths = [f.path for f in files]
+    assert "level1.yaml" in paths
+    assert "level2.yaml" in paths
+
+
+def test_discover_files_nested_include_unresolved_substitution(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """!include with substitution vars in path cannot be resolved; skipped gracefully."""
+    config_dir = _setup_config_dir(tmp_path)
+    (config_dir / "test.yaml").write_text(
+        "esphome:\n  name: test\nwifi: !include ${platform}.yaml\n"
+    )
+
+    creator = ConfigBundleCreator({})
+    # Should not raise
+    files = creator.discover_files()
+
+    paths = [f.path for f in files]
+    assert "test.yaml" in paths
+
+
+def test_discover_files_nested_include_load_failure(
+    tmp_path: Path, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
+) -> None:
+    """A nested !include pointing at a missing file is logged and skipped."""
+    config_dir = _setup_config_dir(tmp_path)
+    (config_dir / "test.yaml").write_text(
+        "esphome:\n  name: test\nwifi: !include missing.yaml\n"
+    )
+
+    creator = ConfigBundleCreator({})
+    files = creator.discover_files()
+
+    paths = [f.path for f in files]
+    assert "test.yaml" in paths
+    assert any(
+        "failed to load !include" in r.message and "missing.yaml" in r.message
+        for r in caplog.records
+    )
+
+
+def test_force_load_skips_duplicate_include_file() -> None:
+    """The same IncludeFile referenced twice is only loaded once."""
+
+    class _StubInclude:
+        """Mimics yaml_util.IncludeFile minimally for _force_load testing."""
+
+        def __init__(self) -> None:
+            self.file = Path("dup.yaml")
+            self.parent_file = Path("root.yaml")
+            self.load_calls = 0
+
+        def has_unresolved_expressions(self) -> bool:
+            return False
+
+        def load(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+            self.load_calls += 1
+            return {}
+
+    stub = _StubInclude()
+    # Same instance appears twice — second visit must hit the _seen guard.
+    tree = {"a": stub, "b": [stub]}
+
+    with patch("esphome.bundle.yaml_util.IncludeFile", _StubInclude):
+        _force_load_include_files(tree)
+
+    assert stub.load_calls == 1
+
+
+def test_force_load_handles_cyclic_containers() -> None:
+    """Cyclic dict/list references don't cause infinite recursion."""
+    cyclic_dict: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    cyclic_dict["self"] = cyclic_dict
+
+    cyclic_list: list[Any] = []
+    cyclic_list.append(cyclic_list)
+
+    # Should return without recursing forever
+    _force_load_include_files(cyclic_dict)
+    _force_load_include_files(cyclic_list)
+
+
 def test_discover_files_yaml_reload_failure(
     tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
 ) -> None:
@@ -1008,6 +1122,40 @@ def test_discover_files_walk_tuple_values(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     assert "a.pem" in paths
 
 
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# ConfigBundleCreator - fixture-based end-to-end
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def test_discover_files_fixture_config(fixture_path: Path, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Use the real ``fixtures/bundle/`` tree as an end-to-end reproducer.
+
+    The fixture config uses ``wifi: !include common/wifi.yaml`` — a plain
+    nested !include that is returned as a deferred ``IncludeFile`` and only
+    resolved during the substitution pass. Before this fix, bundle discovery
+    never ran substitutions, so ``common/wifi.yaml`` was silently missing
+    from the bundle.
+    """
+    # Copy the fixture tree into a tmp dir so the test doesn't rely on the
+    # source repo being writable and so we can set CORE.config_path freely.
+    src = fixture_path / "bundle"
+    dst = tmp_path / "bundle"
+    shutil.copytree(src, dst)
+
+    CORE.config_path = dst / "bundle_test.yaml"
+
+    creator = ConfigBundleCreator({})
+    files = creator.discover_files()
+    paths = {f.path for f in files}
+
+    # Root and top-level !secret-referenced files
+    assert "bundle_test.yaml" in paths
+    assert "secrets.yaml" in paths
+    # The nested !include — this is what regressed when IncludeFile became
+    # deferred (PR #12213).
+    assert "common/wifi.yaml" in paths
+
+
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # ConfigBundleCreator - create_bundle
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_config_validation.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_config_validation.py
index ac84ce7cc8..f038272d8b 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_config_validation.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_config_validation.py
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PLATFORM_LN882X,
     PLATFORM_RP2040,
     PLATFORM_RTL87XX,
+    SCHEDULER_DONT_RUN,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, HexInt, Lambda
 
@@ -765,3 +766,30 @@ def test_percentage_validators__raw_number_above_one_without_percent_sign(
         config_validation.unbounded_percentage(value)
     with pytest.raises(Invalid, match="percent sign"):
         config_validation.unbounded_possibly_negative_percentage(value)
+
+
+def test_update_interval__coerces_zero_to_one_ms(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """update_interval: 0ms must be coerced to 1ms (not rejected) because a
+    literal 0ms schedule causes Scheduler::call() to spin. Coercion keeps
+    existing configs compiling on upgrade while emitting a user-facing
+    warning that directs them to set a non-zero value."""
+    with caplog.at_level("WARNING"):
+        result = config_validation.update_interval("0ms")
+    assert result.total_milliseconds == 1
+    assert "update_interval of 0ms is not supported" in caplog.text
+    assert "1ms" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_update_interval__preserves_nonzero_values() -> None:
+    """Non-zero update_interval values must pass through unchanged."""
+    assert config_validation.update_interval("1ms").total_milliseconds == 1
+    assert config_validation.update_interval("50ms").total_milliseconds == 50
+    assert config_validation.update_interval("60s").total_milliseconds == 60000
+
+
+def test_update_interval__never_passes_through() -> None:
+    """update_interval: never must still map to SCHEDULER_DONT_RUN."""
+    result = config_validation.update_interval("never")
+    assert result.total_milliseconds == SCHEDULER_DONT_RUN
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_substitutions.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_substitutions.py
index 01c669e542..215ec291f9 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_substitutions.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_substitutions.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ from esphome.components.packages import (
     do_packages_pass,
     merge_packages,
 )
+from esphome.components.substitutions.jinja import UndefinedError
 from esphome.config import resolve_extend_remove
 from esphome.config_helpers import Extend, merge_config
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -658,7 +659,7 @@ def test_resolve_package_max_depth_exceeded(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         cv.Invalid,
         match=f"Maximum include nesting depth \\({MAX_INCLUDE_DEPTH}\\) exceeded",
     ):
-        processor.resolve_package(package_config, substitutions.ContextVars())
+        processor.resolve_package(package_config, substitutions.ContextVars(), [])
 
 
 def test_include_filename_substitution_undefined_var(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -675,6 +676,90 @@ def test_include_filename_substitution_undefined_var(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         substitutions.do_substitution_pass(config)
 
 
+def test_raise_first_undefined_logs_extras_at_debug(
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """Only the first undefined error is raised; extras are logged at debug."""
+    errors: substitutions.ErrList = [
+        (UndefinedError("'a' is undefined"), ["url"], None),
+        (UndefinedError("'b' is undefined"), ["ref"], None),
+        (UndefinedError("'c' is undefined"), ["path"], None),
+    ]
+
+    with (
+        caplog.at_level(logging.DEBUG, logger="esphome.components.substitutions"),
+        pytest.raises(cv.Invalid) as exc_info,
+    ):
+        substitutions.raise_first_undefined(errors, "package definition")
+
+    # First error is surfaced as the cv.Invalid message.
+    raised = str(exc_info.value)
+    assert "'a' is undefined" in raised
+    assert "'b' is undefined" not in raised
+    assert "'c' is undefined" not in raised
+
+    # Remaining errors are captured via debug logging for troubleshooting.
+    assert "Additional undefined variables in package definition" in caplog.text
+    assert "'b' is undefined at 'ref'" in caplog.text
+    assert "'c' is undefined at 'path'" in caplog.text
+
+
+def test_raise_first_undefined_noop_on_empty() -> None:
+    """An empty errors list is a no-op — no exception, no log."""
+    substitutions.raise_first_undefined([], "package definition")
+
+
+def test_do_substitution_pass_included_substitutions_must_be_mapping(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """`substitutions: !include list.yaml` where the file holds a list raises cv.Invalid.
+
+    Locks in the shape check that runs after the deferred IncludeFile has been
+    resolved.
+    """
+    parent = tmp_path / "main.yaml"
+    parent.write_text("")
+
+    def loader(path: Path):
+        return ["not", "a", "mapping"]
+
+    include = yaml_util.IncludeFile(parent, "subs.yaml", None, loader)
+    config = OrderedDict({CONF_SUBSTITUTIONS: include})
+
+    with pytest.raises(
+        cv.Invalid, match="Substitutions must be a key to value mapping"
+    ):
+        substitutions.do_substitution_pass(config)
+
+
+def test_do_packages_pass_included_substitutions_must_be_mapping(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """`substitutions: !include list.yaml` alongside `packages:` raises cv.Invalid.
+
+    Without the shape check, ``UserDict(...)`` would surface a low-level
+    ``TypeError``; the explicit ``cv.Invalid`` points at the substitutions path.
+    """
+    parent = tmp_path / "main.yaml"
+    parent.write_text("")
+
+    def loader(path: Path):
+        return ["not", "a", "mapping"]
+
+    include = yaml_util.IncludeFile(parent, "subs.yaml", None, loader)
+    config = OrderedDict(
+        {
+            CONF_SUBSTITUTIONS: include,
+            "packages": {"noop": {"wifi": {"ssid": "main"}}},
+        }
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(
+        cv.Invalid, match="Substitutions must be a key to value mapping"
+    ):
+        do_packages_pass(config)
+
+
 def test_resolve_package_undefined_var_in_include_filename(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     """An undefined substitution in a package include filename raises cv.Invalid.
 
@@ -693,4 +778,43 @@ def test_resolve_package_undefined_var_in_include_filename(tmp_path: Path) -> No
     )
     processor = _PackageProcessor({}, None, False)
     with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid, match="unresolved substitutions"):
-        processor.resolve_package(package_config, substitutions.ContextVars())
+        processor.resolve_package(package_config, substitutions.ContextVars(), [])
+
+
+def test_resolve_include_error_shows_expanded_from_when_substituted(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """When a substituted filename fails to load, the error includes '(expanded from ...)'."""
+    parent = tmp_path / "main.yaml"
+    parent.write_text("")
+
+    def failing_loader(_path: Path) -> None:
+        raise EsphomeError("File not found")
+
+    include = yaml_util.IncludeFile(parent, "${device}.yaml", None, failing_loader)
+    context = substitutions.ContextVars({"device": "my_device"})
+
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid) as exc_info:
+        substitutions.resolve_include(include, [], context)
+
+    msg = str(exc_info.value)
+    assert "my_device.yaml" in msg
+    assert "expanded from '${device}.yaml'" in msg
+
+
+def test_resolve_include_error_no_expanded_from_for_literal_filename(
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """When a literal filename fails to load, the error has no 'expanded from' clause."""
+    parent = tmp_path / "main.yaml"
+    parent.write_text("")
+
+    def failing_loader(_path: Path) -> None:
+        raise EsphomeError("File not found")
+
+    include = yaml_util.IncludeFile(parent, "literal.yaml", None, failing_loader)
+
+    with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid) as exc_info:
+        substitutions.resolve_include(include, [], substitutions.ContextVars())
+
+    assert "expanded from" not in str(exc_info.value)
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/test_yaml_util.py b/tests/unit_tests/test_yaml_util.py
index bfd60de44d..e3aa2a16f5 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/test_yaml_util.py
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/test_yaml_util.py
@@ -9,8 +9,9 @@ from esphome import core, yaml_util
 from esphome.components import substitutions
 from esphome.config_helpers import Extend, Remove
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.core import EsphomeError
+from esphome.core import DocumentLocation, DocumentRange, EsphomeError
 from esphome.util import OrderedDict
+from esphome.yaml_util import ESPHomeDataBase, format_path, make_data_base
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
@@ -712,3 +713,181 @@ def test_yaml_merge_chain_include_depth_exceeded() -> None:
     yaml_text = "base:\n  <<: !include loop.yaml\n"
     with pytest.raises(EsphomeError, match="Maximum include chain depth"):
         yaml_util.parse_yaml(parent, io.StringIO(yaml_text), self_referencing_loader)
+
+
+def _located(value, doc: str, line: int, col: int):
+    """Return *value* wrapped with a fake ESPHomeDataBase source location."""
+    loc = DocumentLocation(doc, line, col)
+    obj = make_data_base(value)
+    if isinstance(obj, ESPHomeDataBase):
+        obj._esp_range = DocumentRange(loc, loc)
+    return obj
+
+
+def test_format_path_no_location_info_returns_flat_path():
+    """Plain path items with no esp_range produce a simple flat 'In:' line."""
+    result = format_path(["wifi", "ssid"], None)
+    assert result == "In: wifi->ssid"
+
+
+def test_format_path_no_location_info_current_obj_adds_file():
+    """When path has no location but current_obj does, its location is shown."""
+    obj = _located("${var}", "main.yaml", 5, 10)
+    result = format_path(["wifi", "ssid"], obj)
+    assert result == "In: wifi->ssid in main.yaml 6:11"
+
+
+def test_format_path_single_frame_no_include_boundary():
+    """All located keys from the same document → single 'In:' line, no 'Included from'."""
+    path = ["packages", _located("pkg1", "root.yaml", 5, 2)]
+    result = format_path(path, None)
+    assert result.startswith("In: packages->pkg1 in root.yaml 6:3")
+    assert "Included from" not in result
+
+
+def test_format_path_two_frames_shows_included_from():
+    """Keys from two different documents produce 'In:' + one 'Included from' line."""
+    path = [
+        "packages",
+        _located("device", "root.yaml", 10, 2),
+        "packages",
+        _located("inner", "hardware.yaml", 3, 2),
+    ]
+    result = format_path(path, None)
+    assert "In: packages->inner in hardware.yaml 4:3" in result
+    assert "Included from packages->device in root.yaml 11:3" in result
+
+
+def test_format_path_three_frames_full_include_stack():
+    """Three document levels produce two 'Included from' lines in correct order."""
+    path = [
+        "packages",
+        _located("device", "root.yaml", 10, 2),
+        "packages",
+        _located("_wifi_", "hardware.yaml", 43, 2),
+        "packages",
+        _located("_roam_", "wifi.yaml", 25, 2),
+    ]
+    result = format_path(path, None)
+    lines = result.splitlines()
+    assert lines[0].startswith("In: packages->_roam_ in wifi.yaml")
+    assert lines[1].startswith("  Included from packages->_wifi_ in hardware.yaml")
+    assert lines[2].startswith("  Included from packages->device in root.yaml")
+
+
+def test_format_path_current_obj_overrides_innermost_location():
+    """current_obj's esp_range replaces the key's column for the 'In:' line."""
+    path = ["packages", _located("pkg1", "root.yaml", 5, 2)]
+    # Value (the expression) sits at column 10, not column 2 like the key
+    value = _located("${undefined}", "root.yaml", 5, 10)
+    result = format_path(path, value)
+    assert "6:11" in result
+    assert "6:3" not in result
+
+
+def test_format_path_empty_path_with_no_location():
+    """Empty path with no location info returns 'In: '."""
+    result = format_path([], None)
+    assert result == "In: "
+
+
+def test_format_path_integer_path_items_formatted_as_subscript():
+    """Integer indices are rendered as [n] subscripts in the flat fallback."""
+    result = format_path(["packages", 0], None)
+    assert result == "In: packages[0]"
+
+
+def test_format_path_integer_list_index_attached_to_previous_frame():
+    """A list index between two include boundaries attaches to the outer frame."""
+    path = [
+        "packages",
+        _located("packages", "main.yaml", 5, 0),
+        0,
+        _located("packages", "level1.yaml", 2, 0),
+        0,
+        _located("esphome", "level2.yaml", 0, 0),
+        _located("name", "level2.yaml", 1, 8),
+    ]
+    result = format_path(path, None)
+    lines = result.splitlines()
+    assert lines[0].startswith("In: esphome->name in level2.yaml")
+    assert "packages[0]" in lines[1] and "level1.yaml" in lines[1]
+    assert "packages[0]" in lines[2] and "main.yaml" in lines[2]
+
+
+def test_format_path_trailing_unlocated_string_after_located_key():
+    """Plain string keys after the last located key must still appear in output."""
+    path = [_located("packages", "main.yaml", 5, 0), "sub", "key"]
+    result = format_path(path, None)
+    assert result == "In: packages->sub->key in main.yaml 6:1"
+
+
+def test_format_path_trailing_unlocated_int_attaches_to_current_frame():
+    """Trailing ints attach to the open frame's last key (subscript), strings
+    buffer until end-of-path and then flush behind."""
+    path = [_located("packages", "main.yaml", 5, 0), 0, "sub"]
+    result = format_path(path, None)
+    # Int attaches to 'packages' as [0] subscript; trailing 'sub' is flushed
+    # at end and appears after.
+    assert result == "In: packages[0]->sub in main.yaml 6:1"
+
+
+def test_format_path_only_trailing_unlocated_strings_are_preserved():
+    """Trailing pending items must not be silently dropped after the last frame."""
+    path = [
+        _located("packages", "main.yaml", 5, 0),
+        _located("inner", "hardware.yaml", 3, 0),
+        "tail1",
+        "tail2",
+    ]
+    result = format_path(path, None)
+    lines = result.splitlines()
+    assert lines[0] == "In: inner->tail1->tail2 in hardware.yaml 4:1"
+    assert lines[1] == "  Included from packages in main.yaml 6:1"
+
+
+def test_format_path_leading_int_with_no_current_doc_goes_to_pending():
+    """An int before any located key is buffered and shown in the first frame."""
+    path = [0, _located("name", "main.yaml", 1, 0)]
+    result = format_path(path, None)
+    # Leading ints have no preceding name to subscript onto, so they render
+    # as bare [n] in the formatted segment.
+    assert result == "In: [0]->name in main.yaml 2:1"
+
+
+def test_format_path_only_unlocated_int_returns_flat_fallback():
+    """Path with only an int and no location info renders via the flat fallback."""
+    result = format_path([0], None)
+    assert result == "In: [0]"
+
+
+def test_format_path_current_obj_in_different_doc_than_innermost_frame():
+    """current_obj's location is preferred even when its document differs from the frame's."""
+    path = [_located("packages", "root.yaml", 1, 0)]
+    value = _located("${var}", "other.yaml", 9, 4)
+    result = format_path(path, value)
+    # Innermost line uses current_obj's mark (other.yaml 10:5), not the key's.
+    assert result == "In: packages in other.yaml 10:5"
+
+
+def test_format_path_current_obj_without_location_falls_back_to_key():
+    """An ESPHomeDataBase current_obj with no esp_range falls back to the key's location."""
+
+    class _NoRange(ESPHomeDataBase, str):
+        pass
+
+    obj = _NoRange.__new__(_NoRange, "value")
+    str.__init__(obj)
+    # No _esp_range set on this instance.
+    assert obj.esp_range is None
+
+    path = [_located("packages", "main.yaml", 5, 2)]
+    result = format_path(path, obj)
+    assert result == "In: packages in main.yaml 6:3"
+
+
+def test_format_path_empty_path_with_located_current_obj():
+    """An empty path with a located current_obj still surfaces the location."""
+    obj = _located("${var}", "main.yaml", 0, 0)
+    result = format_path([], obj)
+    assert result == "In:  in main.yaml 1:1"